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Ӱ棨Ԫ֩룬Xս棩ĿǰͨǰħС磺
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Скн𡤿ţʮһ꣬һеСѧ
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ֱǰʱ䣬ĸϱȫȷľǸ˵УһָܹĿֲӰ硣
ʵǰϵеĵӰ˽ĲǺܶࡣ絹ǿݵ֩ΪԵͬ˵Ǻϵе֩һ
˵һпģΪʱӳʱͬΪͬû飬㿴ŷҪǮȥˡ
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ۼ˵㲻ãֻüУһСһ߳俩Цʱ͵͵ħݰԼ


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ΪдƽôҲͬƽˣһˡ
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ȷĻûãûʲôرҪ£ֻҪǿԼȻ󱣻ù˹Ͱɯˣδܵ˺



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ҵУִӱʦУ֪˽ͦʵΪҲζӡ
ΪڽΪ˹ȻǷǳϿɵġ
Ϊһף˹ôԸԼĺӣֿΣΪ
Ȼô꣬Ͱѽ𵱳ԼĶӿˡ
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Ŀݣǩһ£
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ְ֣ҵʱŵ͸ҵģΪǿЦû뵽ĸһס
˵ϲĲǡսĹ⽣𣿡
սֻǵӰǸսȴʵڵģ̫ᡤ˹ؿǿڵսˣ
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û뵽Լİְֹ˹Ǹķ˿
˵жǿŴģ𻹲šֱ˹˹Ͱɯ֪ԭжĿŴ
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ְ֣Ҫϲ͸ˣ
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˵ģͣԾֻǸģͣʲôĶ
𣬰ְְ㣡
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εķһ档
ɯһ
ҲŲϡǸͭأҵˮħ
˵ԼУǶһųŲľ
ɯĸţ˹־æžֵİӲڼңǽġ
ԽֻҪ˾棬ɯʹĲԸ⣬ǻġ
˽ѧУʱݺɺ˵Ҫ棡
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Ƚ΢һЩչ˰ɯʱͺȥ鷳ˡ
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ʵӣȥһ
ϳȥСǵ˲˯ʱ䣬磬ҪСһû֮ǰȥ
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ңԶ֮ݷıѩħ˳ұѩŮɯٻǰһеĺɫѩﻯΪѩɣᲨ
ȼղϢһ𰡣һŮ֮ǰҵĵˣྻһеɡ֮𣡡
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ϰʲô¶ǰǰһЩʱڻڣܱһʱ䣬ӦԵ¸ϲϳǿ
ڸĳƱ˳Ľ˳վȻ˳ָ·ҵ˵ھվ̨͵ʮվ̨мǽ
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վڷǽǰ棬۲쵽ÿ·淭ǽʱʶƿ֪ԼӦҶλá
СƳûӰһͷײȥ¶ɫǽ˹ȥ
ΪʲôһҪײ
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ڿ˰Сʱġħҩҩˮ󣬱رˡԡĹܣħ鿪ʼλϱĿ
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ǣһ˯״̬ȫû˾ͷСҲʵǲġ
һһСǣһͿԿʮСʱһ쿪ʮСʱǾ͵߰ٶʮСǡ
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ļƻǣûǾܵĽСάִϣѧϰֻйؼʱٿСǰ⡣
Ϊÿ뿪磬Ҫٴνһµȴڡ
ȫԾܵСѧϰħ֪ʶ洢ڴԣȻعȴʱ취Сǣٶ࿪ԡȥܽ



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ԭſԱߵֻɿܵĳĬĬĴ˸սһתеĴλȥʧˡ
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Сڳеĵ⣬һԵɿܣЩ
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࣬ܰԭ飬ڹ֮ǰȥؼǰһĲ
ھͻƸҶӣһѹ2000
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Ҵȥʶһ°ɣ
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صĴȷʦ绹ǺӰġ



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ܹһûʸ˼˸񣬽ʱáءħǿ
ǿӵжôصƻǷǳΨģûκεĿѧݣ͡ĺħ
ҲҲƯ
ǧҪòȡˡ
ҵҸƯñӡ
ҿ԰ԼԵ

ǶñڵŤһ£ѿһķ죬һ죬ʼԼרķԺ֮衣
׵ǣñӳ󣬿Сʦ׶ǳʿʮŵľϹ˸
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϶ûУҲǵһμǰӰʱƺûпһĻ֡
ڽе˭֣˭ʹñӣϣԺ
Ƥֽǰ˼
ȡ
һɫɫСײײ߳˶С
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ŴŷԺñĽŵϵС֪ԼһֱоԾĵطˡ
ԭⲻǵӰġء磬еġء硣
ΪǵúڵӰУһзԺǺܣȡеһзԺġ
ǰĺȡںܶСƵж
ǹؼǰֻڵϿǼӰûרȥԭ
⡭ӰԭĲӦáʲô̫ɣ
Ӧðɣ



ʮ Ժʽϵ

棡
ñǸкȵСͷϽͣƬ̣ٵĸ˷ԺĽ
ʱųУұųϵСʦǣƻӭкȵС档
ɺ˹棡
̩𡤲أĿͣ

ܣ
ڷԺñķֳ߰˸Сʦ󣬺ڱԺñ˳
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ڽļУһ·Сܳ嵽˽̨ϡ
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Ժñԥһ£Ƿ·ʲôǺ˸Ҷࡣ
ҲǳĵˣųЦĸҶ೤
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Ҫֵ
մӰйԷԺñԼҪֵҶ뷨֪ԺñͷӴһ˲䣬Ȼֱӱ˷Ժ
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˹֣أˣ
ԺñıĽУʱһͷɱֻԼ֮ǰõĸּƻڷԺñһ󣬳׵֧ˡ
ЩӲȡ·ԺñԱź飬εĳұߵڶţ˹ֵĳ˹ȥ
һ߸Ҷ೤ϵĺȻֵ˹أҲ¶ʧɫ
ǷǳҪͽ𶼷ڸҶģû뵽ŪˣλѵرϵѣȻᱻԺñֵ˹֡
ǿʧ䣬ǱߵĽ˻֡
Ϊ֪ʵҲҪֵҶ࣬ȴֵ˹֣϶ѹ
ոսӲıоܹһ
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½𱻷ֵ˹֣ҲǾý𲻿ǻˡ
Ŷ֪ҲûоýǻˣֻǾ÷Ժñƺִ˵طӦñֵҶŶԣ
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ʱ̨ϵСҲԺñ˹֡
״Ҳ̲ס˵ͷ˹־Ӧʺļһȥ

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Ϊĵ˲͸ֵ£ǴѪ
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ЩоԼϡ
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ȥƺػһôһԶˣ
ѪѪͳΪʵԸĿԼǿΪΪЩԺñŻὫж˹



ʮ 󵨶ŵĽ

ƣµҲֻһһˣ
ĿǰЩǽԼݽƵģǲҲȷ
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ٿʦϣֻһϿᡢĮͿ̱˹սڣ̲סٴ̾˿
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ʮ ˹ֵĹϢ

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Ѫ˰Ҳǻеλߣʵǿ飬첻µزµĶ羫ƤƤΥѪ˰޵
ʱڸ߶һСŮףŴʱųţŵĽԱһʮ׳˶СŮ׵
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ܽݣһǾø߶˧һЩ
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ڵ˹СʦǣݶԼͥĸԣĸλȿ͹ݵĻйء
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˲ħһӣһĽɫʴƾճ֣Ȼһ߸ߵŤƳһУĸʡ
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һ꼶ȫңǵļꡤȥϢң
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ǵʱ˹ֵԺ˹ǶӰмӣѯʽɵĻûĸ
ҪܵڻѧϰħôϷİ
ֻѧϰ϶ǲеģ˵ɼԾ꼶еˮƽͲˡ
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ϾħʷѧҩѧЩǼģԷԺ׬Сǵʱֲ
ÿλع飬Ҫȴһºٽ롣
ڣҪѧϰϷôͱҪʹСǣȡÿһѧƶԶˣΪѧ˹վסš
Ҫ˹տûʲôϵ㣬벻˹յķۡ
˹ֵĹϢңϢҵ̹⣬ɳϣԡܣħ飬ʼҪϵġħʷ



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Ը߰˹ǣһڿΣΪ˹ֵѧ֣ܲġ
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֪ڷԺʽֵ˹֣Ѫͳ϶ûκġ
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ʵ׿λڹαװųСӣϸεݣҲȫó
һڿڿαϵļħȷЩΪ⡣



ʮ 

ħ˵ѧ˾ܷӳ
һͨĻ䣬ʹֻ̣˲ʹȴǿǧʬ
һǵ˲ڵħȽǿϺܶ࣬Ҫǵ˲ڻ⣬һʦԱġ
ںħγϿ⣬ûнκεʣԽȻҲûлõѧ֡
ҲżѧϰħʵյĿģȡѧԼ֪ȣеǻᡣ
ļ죬˲ҩΡѧħκͱ
ÿ϶᳤ʱ俪ԡܿټѧϰħ飬Ͽʱ׶ԵĿԡܡ
ԣڲҩϣܵһʱ׼ȷ˵˹ؽʳÿһֲҩƣԼǵĸԡ
ѧϣҲɵıκһǺ
ħϸСʦѧϰħʱͿԳɹͷųαӦħȻЧ󣬵ʹõȴ
ڱοΣڽνôҿʼϰһʱ
ڵľУ˲ʮʱ䣬ϰɹĳΪһСʦ
ҲΪˣʱ䣬Ϊ˹ֿ˶ʮѧ֣ʦ·ǳӡ
ҲڸѧԺССĳһ
ɲӵгκһӴСʦȻʮ㣬ȴһ˹ôĸ߰ദ
ʮֵǫ顢ͣʱ򻹻㿪һЦ
ҲʹȻΪ˹ֿʮѧ֣ѧԺӴСʦǣû̫ļʣжһЩ
Ϊڳ˸ҶһкСʦûѧܺͽȡ
ʱ塣
ֻпΣ˹Ժ˹սڵħҩΣҲ˹ֺ͸ҶѧԺĿǰһһϿΡ
֮ǰЩγ̣ǺĿ;Ǻ棬ûһڿǺ͸Ҷһϵġ

ħҩεĽڵң˹ڵĹϢҷǳ
Ϊ겻⣬Ҹ˵ĸоЩɭɭģЩǽڷŵĲޣ涼Ÿֶı걾
ˣĺ磡
Ҳͦģ
ϰߣԺͳ緹ħҩεĽңǵһҵСʦ
ͨÿſҲһҵģһ
Ϊ˶û˺ȻһȻ
˱ֵ˲ͬѧԺƽʱĿγҲһϣ˳Էʱ˵䣬ƽʱûʲôʱ졣
ؼǸѧԣһпվѧϰ
ΪʵҲͬͣոħ֪ʶ
ĩпһȥͼô
Щڴ˽
һ꼶ĿαٵʱѾˣѯ˼󣬺֪ȻиͼݣкܶħԿ
˾Ҫûµʱȥ
ͬϲĽ𣬱㷢һȥͼݵ롣
ͼ֣Ҳ۾һ
æż䡶ħʷǧҩݼަࡷ͡ħҩҩˮ⼸飬ûüȥͼݿ
֪ͼʲôλ𣿡
ѾǰˣڳǱ¥ұߵǸ
ص
ãһ͹ȥ
˵ͷӦ˺롣
ڽͺʱ˹ֺͺ͸ҶСʦǣҲ½߽ħҩεĽҡ
й޶˺һߣҲ뵽˵С
ʱҲħ֪ʶƫƵ⼸ڻȵϡ
ȻԺʱʱһЩҫ˵ЩУᵽڱογٵѵĳ¡
ǸȤǽᵽģ˹ֹϢڣǿԿ׷羰Ĵ󴰻
Ϊһ˹ұ㣬һЩѪͳͽӴɲһ£ᱻӰģ
ʱһ߰ҴһȻڽĶ
Ťͷȥ
ԭ˹ֵĽСŮ״ܽݣĺùɭԼԱߡ
ܽڿѧʱͱ˧Ѫ˰Ҳ治ɫĽڸѧƵ֡
һ˹ָеһл롣
ϧƺرϲżǰԷҲ¶˵Цݺ䣬ΪҪ졣
ȻڹϢҰӣоƺҲͦ
ǸոһңȻ͸Ҷ༸СʦĵرģʱͲˡ
Ҷ࣬һǵͼ֣һǱѪͶҶΤ˹һǴý˹ȴȥ˸ҶĹء



ʮ 


ԱߴܽݵĻҲһ㶡
ûоôܽʲô⣬ϾΪһ˹֣ܽ뷨ƺҲ
ΪСܵĽͻ
ǽɲһ˹֣Ҳû˹ָ뷨
һ˵ǿ󣬺ѪͳĴûʲô̫ĹϵҪǿ
ڵĶվֻڣֻҪԼ㹻ǿôǸƶˡ
ܽͬѧûܹӰҡң𡤿ţΪһ˹֣ؽΪΪǿʦ
ĿᶨĿŴܽݣɢһǵơ
ܽݼ״һոеĲɣʣµֻĳݡ
hetuiӦ̨йжģСӹȻһף
Ϊһ˹أʱȥܽݵĻ˵ѪǲȷİǴض˹ֵĲ
ںͺ˻ޣôģѧԺǺܸĽȣܺͬ
Һ͹ùϵڵ˲Ǳ߾кܶЧ
㿴һ˹֣ȻûѪͳƫԸ͸Ҷ࣬ԸϳСʦΪѡ
ⲻǵ˲Ҫġ
һ˲ɵڶħǿɾЩˡ
ʦɲһ㣬ң
ʱһԵĺЩĻص
ԱߵĹ޶Ҳ¶һ˿ɫ
ߣôܺͽȣ
һԵĴܽݶʱźһ䡣
ʱħҩνҺȻŵİ
ԭһɫʦۣſСѵ˹սڣѾħҩνҵſڡ
λСʦǸе£
ʵΪǿ󣬱Ϊΰʦĵ˲࣬ҲѧУΪϸڡ
ޱ飬Եޱȣ·ֻҪһͻһֲаħ˹սڡ
˹ֵСʦǣǵλԺﶼǷ㤵ġ

˹һħȣһħҩεĿα·һֻһǵߵ˽̨ϡ
һó˵ᡣ
ڵ㵽ʱȻһ£Ȼ̧ͷϬĿ˹һۣС
أģﰡ
ںС飬Ц
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㵽𡤿ŵʱͣһ£͸Щͣ
ܳɫĳЩʵ֮ſѧõ˶ʮѧ֣Ž㣡
Ⲩȣ˹չȻǺ˵ǳƫ˹صѧ
İ²һ䡣
Ҫ֪⼸õѧ֣ʵٶ٣ֻΪҶѧ֣Ըո˹յʱֱԹˡ
ԭ˹ճЦС𱻿佱ʱˣ˹ֹϢҵĵƹһ̡
µᣬ˹ĮնģŽСʦ򵥵Ľ˹ħҩѧѧơ
ܽһ£˵ѧƺţѧĶǱ
׽˹ڹչһħҩѧϬʡ
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ˣڹһ󳰷
ԤϵĽ𣬶̲סͬ˹롣
СңѾܵίһǿ࣬Сʦڹƶ˹ſˡ
ʵ֪˹ȻԸԼǶΪ˹Ůĺӡ
ԼͷղķƵֽ˸Ҷ࣬˹պѲ
ɹֽ˹֣˹վͲ̬ˡ
𡤿ţشոյǼ⣡
һγ˹տŹǺһɫ۾ͣƬֱ̣ӹԱѾٵϸߵĺ
ε̾˿վ
ʵǲ͵ģϾҲͦҵģټϺ־ٵôߡ
ǣ˹ѾֱӵˣҲֻվʵشˡ
ˮɸۺͰݼһƳһЧǿİҩһˮʯǴɽθȡһʯͷмǿĽⶾáͷǶͷͬһֲҲͳͷ
˹ּʮ֣
˹ĵ˵ͷ˹Сʦʱ
߶ͿӲסƣСһɱֹˡ
ֱӼʮ֣㣬˹սڣ
˹ôĿŵƫ̻ĽЩ˼ˡ



ʮ Ѫӵıʼ

УأոնײʦҶΪ˱۵һ֡
˹һ䣬ȻʼСʦз顣
Ȼȴ޿κΡ
״ֻøźļʾο
û취˭ϵѧʱ۸˼أϵ˲ˣҲֻˡ
ҲͽӳиҵŶԣӦǸծӳɣ
ʱΪҶƫ࣬˹ƫ٣ҶԽͺһ飬һҩˮĵơ
ڡħҩҩˮⱾħУϸ˻ħҩƵĸ衢ϸںעṩһħҩƷ
ֱǣͨⶾӵҩˮҩˮҩ߼ˮҩˮѼ
˹ǰħҩƹȫһ飬Ȼʾһƿ
ħҩĵƣʵ˵ǰѧʱЩѧʵǳƣСҩƿƽȸ䷽׼Ľеơ
ϸĺϽħҩΪҪġ
ǣͬͨѧʵ飬ղɵƾͿԵõҪĽħҩƣֻǰղֻܵõһ̲ʲôôûеĻ
ҪڵħʹħȶħҩβܵõȷЧħҩ
ԣֻǸûħϣôʹõħҩĲϺҲ޷ƳӦħҩġ
ѵۣƵǸݡ𣿡
ǷߵĶ֪ʲô˼𣿡
Сʦǿʼղҩˮʱ˹ҲǼܳĺڶڽ߶
ûͣ·СʦĹѪͷ
˹ֵСʦҲ⣬
Ψߵͺһʱĵ˵ͷ䡣
ʱĽѾģʽԺ嶼۷״̬϶ħҩѧ츳ܸߵĺһ򵥵ҩˮȻûκġ
㶨
˹մӺ뿪ûãͺǰð˷ɫ̣ҲӵҩˮƳɹˡ
ѽ
ʱԱһĪͻȻһУǵ֪Ϊʲô©ˣҩˮ䣬ɫŨ̶ʱ
ȣ
µĽкͷӦǺĿ죬ڿĪǱ߳һɲǣ̧ƨɣһߡ
ᾢĪ߷˳ȥûбɫŨ絽źһԾԱߵĵϣֹʴԼǿҩˮʴ
ʹˣһߵĹ޶ǱҩˮЬӣЬճ˼
ɼħҩĵ䣬Ҳôȫģһʵʧ˵ͻԼСˡ
⻹򵥵ҩˮƶѡ
ʦħҩѧʦô٣ҲħҩΣźܴԭ
ħҩƷû츳ֵʧܣ˷ѴԭϣԼҪΣա
׳գ
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ȿȣڣҩˮҺͺͬѧһƵģ
˹վȻֱ˺ֻεѵ
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ǺãҶҲ֣
˵ֿ꣬ʼڽѲ
ߵ޶ǰʱֺȻһ£Ťͷ󴥽ǱĹ
أΪʲôҪӽأΪ˴Գ𣿸ҶΪ㶪һ֡
ʯ
ħҩνСʦȫ뿪ȥóԷʱҪһˣʱȺ
СĹ۲һµҵȣȷ˹Ѿİ칫ңٴħҩνҵſڡ

ŽҴʩչ˸䣬˽ȥ
ڽϸתһȦϱĿ˽̨Աߵ̨ϡ
̨˹մһЩϿγħҩϵĵط
򿪴һٷңڴһУҵԼҪĶһֵ꼶ħҩα߼ħҩ
ĵһҳһдǩС
ڻѪӡ



ʮһ Ӱ

ݽ֮ǰӰʱ˽⣬ѪЩжţ˹ѧʱԼȡġ
Ȿ꼶ħҩαڣ¼˴˹ħҩѧϵĵá
ȻЩħҩĵô඼Ҫȵ꼶ħҩʱŻõڼʹҲûãʱҪõĹʽʹҲСѧļӼ˳С
Խõ꼶ħҩĵãһ꼶ħҩѧϰʵûж
صҲ˹յħҩĵãص˹ⱾѪӱʼм¼ģԼļħ䡣
ΪġӰ䡣
ǽĿǰзǳصһħ䡣
˵ж󣬰յӰСʹúֻӰɱǿ
Ϊ䡢֮пֱӿƣ֮ɣӰҲֻˡ
ȻǹõĲ˹ʹɱҪ
ˣһ꼶СʦʹͳͳʯҲܰ˶ԭض˵ġ
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ΪħһǳͻƣǾͷʱӰ޷
һħͷʱһħâۣ䣬ʱһ̹⳯
Ȼ֮㷴Ӧ죬Ԥ㹻׼ȷôмġ
ӰͷţûκħâֵģһӰųǷųһεĵУǰѲ
һʦܻرԡ
ΪʦǵȻٶȺͷӦҲǺܴԺܶʱҲ޷ȥħġ
ħһħǹӵԭһġ
ħӵٶȣһ˸޷ܡ
ʹܳɹģҲΪٶȱħӵ죬ֻͨԷֱۻĶǰԤ˹켣ǰܡ
ʦһĺ٣Ƕѡܶħ䣬ֱӶԲ
ǣ磬Щ峬ˣܹӵļһﻹвٵġ
һħԷʹӲӵһħͺ˺
ʱӰóˣͷʱӰڶԷ֪£ܸԷ˺
ҲһʼͼƻãһҪõħ䡣
֮ǰæűαûгʱ䣬пαѾȫ꣬ħҩΣ˳ˡ

ŻѪӵıʼǣȷ˹ֵϢңƤУȻŷһ¥ó緹
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С˲ᣬʵкڰԸģڽгǱ̽ջ
Ϣһ£ָħҩοԡĵľһᣬо˹ռ¼ڱʼϵǼԴħ䡣
ʼһ¼ħ䣬ֱǣӰ䡢䡢ҽ䡢䡢ն䡢ָ䡣
ħȫ˺󣬽֪ԭӰ䲻Ӱص㣬ԡ
ǾǱӰ˵ĵطܵ޷ϡͨ䡢ħҩϵҽֶζС
Ӧķ䣬Ҳ˹շ䡣
ʱ֪ԭеħ䣬ͨƽ䡰ͣƽ⡣
ܶħ䶼Ҫ֪ӦķܹƽħЧ
ʩչ˵ҽڰУôͱýȥߵħЧԼʧ
ڡԡ£ĴԷתš
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һʱ䣬Ȼһﶼûѧᡣ
Ҫ֪֮ǰѧϰЩһ꼶ʱ򣬿ûôѡ
ͼݣҪȥİ
ƾһ꼶ĿαʦϿεݣҪٵѧϰӰּЩѵġ
ҪͬѧѧϰͼݷЩصħ鼮ħ֪ʶԼħˮƽ
һʱ䣬Ѿˡ
ŻĴԣ뿪˹Ϣңǰó
û˹ֹϢҺЩС˹죬ֱӵͷ˯Իָ翪µĺ֢
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ʱôÿ춼СǣȻҪںúѧϰħʵϡ
˹ֻ֣Ҫ㹻㣬ֻҪܴΪ˹ֻȡ˹С
ʷûôҪˡ
ΪһδСʦżʵĺͷ˿־룬άһظУҲǺбҪġ
ʮһ㡣
˹Сʦȫ˯󣬲˯ߵĽħǰϢңٴοԹܣѧϰ״̬



ʮ ˹յ

ڶһ硣
ԼĽͺڴó緹󣬱һȲĳ˶¥ͼݡ
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ʵϣͼڲٰڷ˺üǧܣϵħ顣
Ҳǣʦʷ˵Ƿǳƾõģ漰򣬷Ҳ࣬ص鼮ôܻ١
ȥ֤ɣ
ع󣬺ŽͼԱꡤƽ˹ڵλ˹ȥ
·ϺѾҪͼݿͽ飬ҪȰ֤
ͼݹԱꡤƽ˹һλݶŮʦͺҪ֤÷ǳ
ǻơ˺ơۡŪࡢ𻵡䣬κηʽ𻵡Űͼ鼮ҽҵȨΧ֮ڣǳеµĺ
УֹͼڳκʳԼûʦǩ׼׼ȥ
ͺǳʵĵͷħոµĽ֤һ£Ǽ˵Ϣ󽻸ǡ

ЩĽĿ⣬ӱעŽЩƿͺͨѰԼҪħ顣
ڽУ϶¼˺ܶ¼ǿħħҩħ飬ûʦǩûôõ
ʵҪҪ͵͵Ǳͼݣ͵ȡѪӱʼһ͵ħ顣
ǿһº󣬻Ƿ쿪
ħҩνڣһЩѧϰõĻҩûʲôĶǱȥʹ˷֣Ҳûʲô¡
һѪӵıʼǷڴܳʱˣ˹ղᾭ˱ʼǿټٻȥ˹չҲᷢ֡
ͼݾͲһˣǽôΣյħ飬϶򵥣ɲǹе˲࿪š
ʱȲðգʵǿ֮ǰɡ

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չо
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֪˹յõ𰸺󣬾Ȼһ̾˿ĽļĳĸҪΪûзһѧԺ˸顣
УҪ̫ħҪ˹
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˹յԸ񣬲ӦȥӴ޴ĸҶ࣬ѧϰħΪ˹ѧ
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漸죬пϿΣŬѧϰ˳شȡѧ֣
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ʱܿ˵ڶڵ
죬˹ֹϢҵĹϣһ֪ͨ͸ҶһϷпεϢ
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СֻʣʮţѾֵ졣
Ҫʮعǰȥ㵽һѷɨ㡣
عܸЧʵȥСǡ



ʮ Ӧ

ԭνʱһǧСǡ
ļƻǿԼֵµʱ䡣
ǣΪԺֵ˹֣òȫԸѧϰħ֪ʶҲ͵ÿ춼ڴСԡܡ
ʮһʱ䣬ǧСǣֻʣʮˡ
׿һĵһЩԴѧÿ϶ҪСʱҵԹѧϰ
ÿԵĿԡܣҲСʱ
ƽÿҪߵ˸Сʱġԡ
ԡܣÿӾҪһСǣһСʱҪʮţ߰˸Сʱͽӽٿš
ʮһʱ䣬ǿԡܣ˽ӽǧҵСǡ
ټÿСһ죬ͻ̶һٿţʮһʱ䣬ǧŵСǣôıĵ޼ˡ
˽ʮ㣬Сۣͻᱻǿƻع硣
ڣʱķѧϰȻ˴СǣҲջ˺ܶࡣ
ѧ˺ʵõħ䣬ħ֪ʶͶħãҲ֮ǰ˺ܴĽ
ڣȱһѷɨˡ
ϧǸҶ࣬û취Ǹ㵽һѵĹ2000ֻİ취
һʼƻ͵͵ȥ衱һѷпõĽѧɨ㣬ȻعʱٴŻȥ
Ǻ֪ЩϿõĽѧɨ㣬ڻŮʿڵĽʦǱߡ
ȥʦ͵÷ɨ㣬ǲ
˼ȥñѰ
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ֻܾĲûйرԣҪˣ
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⡭
ʦŽڼȻɣԺԼԼչӣǱչˡ
ˣʦҪһˣһ緹̫ɾͲóˣ
һ䣬ͼؿȥˡ
ʵѾ֣λʦƺ̫óӣԺҲָӹĻ
ǱʦԸ⣬ǺóĻûԼ
ϾɲϰϺʲô࣬Կ
ңħʵ治ʲôʱ䣬ӻħȾͿԸ㶨ˡ
ԺңҪչһˡҲģԽԽɣ
ڼԽˣǸɻԽࡣ



ʮ ȴʱ

ʵҲܹ˼ұʦ
˵ףʦҲŶʮ꣬ѧҵꡣ
Сָʲô̫ǿļҲ̫ʵ
ܹԼԼѾǷǳˡ
Ҿݽ֪ʦӦûǷǳģȻΪһСѧʦ
ÿϿźѧУϰࡣ
Ȼǽʦδĺ裬ʵϣĻɱȱʮꡣ
ԣ͵չһһðɣ
ɯأ
һӨ͸ϺȷŽ۾ʱһ
ɯ˯أˡҪѧˣ˯һɣ
ڻһ䣬Ȼ̧ͷԱʦ˵
ʦſԣɯͰְֵ緹Ѿڳˣ϶ģ
Ŷϵۣǰʹת˼𣿡
һϾм񣬻緹緹ôóԣôġ
⣬ӦþǴ˵еС˰ɣ
꣡
ʱŴ򿪣ԭһƣĹ˹ˡ
Ϻã𣡱
ŶͿܷʢæһҿҪˣ

ֻܾʢܲ
ģɲʿټһֱǵƿУλСʦ޷ȷʵݣ
ϣعŦԼжеϸȫֳ˻㱨
ϣָӣǽͶӰһЩڽսƵʿƵһ̾
λСʦСȴܲ򵥰
Դʮǰӳǣ˹³˵ķ֪Ψһǻ壬滹кܶ
һֱڳﱸһԵֿʵĸ߼ƻ
ԭħСʦǲƻǷΧġ
ϣȥŦԼʵҲֻڴ̾ʱ˳ֶΪˡй£Ҳְֵܾ
ǣͨ¼󣬸𷴶ãλСʦȻСһЩȴͦ߼ƻҪġ
ȣӳֵһֱŴΪһ徯һ
ȻÿζȡãǶֻԵһ㣬ƷԷ棬ǷԸ߳ԱҪ
ٿ·񣬵ϸСģܾĿǰûвʵݣͿԿ
߼ƻҪĸߣȻҪıֻ֣һç
Ψһһ㣬ǾǽǸСһСȥμΣյжһһЩ˵ȥ
ڣĿǰҲҪ䵱ǰ棬Ա߷һƿɿסħͺá
ȻҪģҲصģƵ󣬽ħΪһ˴ʿʱάסơ
ֵܹҽԺȹħɫĸУûյ
ҲҸóʱ䣬ȥһλСʦˣ

ϣʦѾ뿪˹Ϊæµһϳ緹˯ڶûѡ
ͰɯɳϿŵӡ
ʱһЩģƵżðΧĵһЩ̾˺ͽս档
ôΣյвļߣȻû룬ǶһЩ͵ĵһЩƵ
Ҳֻܸ̾ҵˣǹðվѹ˿һֱôǡ
ƵпԿڴƻҲԿעȺʱܣԼͺִ̾
ͨ¼󣬹ʦţڻʺŦԼҶҪˡ
ɯ￴ӣȥøһͻ
ȴʾ۾ʱһɯ˸кصԼӡ
ϴεĽѵɲٷͬĴˡ
ҪٴСдʲôɯɾͽͲˡ
߽ݹţִӴȡѻǹٴӳóһװĩĲƿ
ڴϣһ˽Сİť
һӽ˾ֹ״̬

ٴۣѾ˻ȵӦС
ѻǹʱɣ
ǵãħ涨ʦǲʹƷģħԴ˺񻹳˸רŵĲ֡
ֹƷ칫ң칫ҵξ޶İְ֡
еƷƷһƷзǳΣյǹеƷһ֣ƼʹǸƷѧŵĺѧҲҪܵĴ
ԣȰѻǹӦרŲضĵطȵҪõʱٹá
Ŀ͵Ĺ·װ棬ħȺǸװŷĩĲƿĵ뿪Ӧݡ



ʮ Τ˹˫

Ӧݻ棡
Ӧݵţǹ⻬Žʧǽٴλָԭ𲻽һԵĸ̾
ãӦݵĸоһ䣬ʩ˳ǿ䡢ȡ޺չħݡ
ܹȡߵ˼룬ȻҪҪƷֲܹͬķ䡣
˵ǵ괴ѧУλʦеһ͵͵ġ
˭ŪӦݲҪҪǣӵӦݣԺһרоϰħĵطˡ
ôʱħѧϰѾǳףҪΪһǿʦһô׵¡
СԡֶΣҲҪ¿๦ɾ͡
ȻֻһСʦһѧȻĳɼҵ϶һǳ򵥵¡
ʵҲͺħһЩ޲ˡ
Բϣġ
Ҫģ꼶ҵǰٲϵ˺Ϸ˵ʵ
ǧ겻ħ۷ʵֻʱȥƽµ๤ôɣ

ҹʮࡣ
ȳǱѾȫûǽ̺ϵǸ̾޹׺׷״ľ޹ǣҲڲݴ˯ˡ
Ҳȫ˶˯ˣĳԲֵĸҶ˫ֵ̥ܡ
ϡã
ϡã
ߵ¥¥ݿڣͺʹӸҶ๫ϢΤ˹ֵܣʮεײ˸š
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ڽλ˹ȴΤ˹λҶѧҹʮİ¥¥ݿײ˸š
ող˵¥û𣿡
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λһ˯ųתתҪȥˣ
ЦŻص
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Τ˹ֵܳظҶ๫Ϣңһ˹ܲҲųҶ๫Ϣɡ
ԴҲ׼˿ŵͳǰ׼õǸƿȻץһɫķĩ˿ˡ
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ʲôоѽ
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˿ͬΪһֻèĽſè棬·ϢģʹҲһǰ֡
ˣΪԸ˿ˣרųʱ䣬ȥһèĥɵķĩ
û뵽ջôˡ



ʮ Ǹ߹

Ǿ͵Ѷڶ¥ѲߣȥʱСһЩ
ոյĽӴΤ˹ֵܾýȷ͵ܵ޶˵Ĳ࣬һ̫һ˹֡
ҹؼԷƺҲ츳ĺЩ־ͬϵζ¥ֱʱĸһѡ
ллһעģ
һ¥λãȻ˵ͷ¥ȥ
⿪ѧʮʱ䣬Τ˹ֵܾ̲ס棬Ҫȥֹ¥̽һ̽ˣ
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ֻҲ֪λܲһɹߵֻͷȮǰ
ƣӦûô˳ʼţǶһܽȥ
Τ˹ֵܵ¥̽գûʲôȤġ
Ϊ¥ʲôܣȻ֪ģĶɲħȥıġ
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ģʽĶ㿪ڶ¥ѲߵķѶ棬˹ֵεڡ
߹󣡡
߽뿪һµ˹ֹϢҡ

ʮһţ죬糿һ¥á
˹ֳϣһŵӳϹ࣬һ߾۾Ŀ֮ǰͼġŹֵħ⼰𡷡
˹СʦǣΪ缴ٵķɨζ˷š
Ϊ۵ľСˣʱһĽţûѧǰԼɨʱĸֹ¡
磬һμΪյضһϵֱɻ
ЩԴ޵ĻСʦͬʾ׷˵ԼɨļǶô˲
ܽݣ͵𰡣
Ŷ̷ЩĿһ۳һͷ۾ĽײײԱߵĴܽݡ
ܽɫ΢
ʲô͵ǹĿ
ԶʱЦ
˹оĸŮȻһᣬԹϵĻǺܲġ
ǣ˵͸ҶǱߵϵҲǸߣ
Ц¶˳ɵɫ
ܽȴߵĻӦ
Ǽʽ㣬ɲǱߣǸ˽־Ҫ͸ҶЩ˶ԿΪûаѸҶЩ˷ģ
ʵҲʲôߣΪ˹˺ܶѧ֣˹ֵѧֿĸѧԺһ
ЩϿɵĵ˵ͷ
͵Сʶ֪ƺʤıȽǿǿѧʱ䣬ıȫѹŻ˵
ҲûȫŴܽݵ˵ѧʮһ죬𵽵ûдܽ˵ô㻹Ҫʱ顣
˹ֵСʦǽģֻԶˣͳǡ
ķɨΣĽû취ôͻˣ
ʱȻ뵽ʲôЦܽһü
ʱ䣬Ѿ֪ʲôʦҵĺӣһϹ¶ԺֻǸĸʦһʦ
ҲζŽ֮ǰûнӴɨ㡣
ʦĺӣĸǴСͽӴɨ㣬Ĳ̫ˡ
ƵЩȻڴţɨļҲǲġ
ڷɨϣҪʲôͻı֣ƺѡ
˵ҪڷɨϺúóЦһ½λĹء
Ļܽ΢΢һüͷǺܿͼᶨ
ʹǵһνӴŽҲģһģûܱӵ㣡
ðɣ
Щʼ硣
ǽֿһ۽Ц
ĺһ˹֣ȻǳϹ¶ԺҲĸĸʲôʦҲ˵
ڸ߹Ѫ߹ʣ
ʱ֪뷨϶Ц
ĸ߹ʣֻǲϲϹѣԲŻһһųԣһ̿ڵĶԣϡﻩĺˡ
ʱһȺèͷӥʲŴõĴӵһŷͰСʦǵǰ
ÿ糿èͷӥŻڵˡ
Сյĸ¿ħǹ̰Եĸ߶Ϳҫ
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ѽλȣ㻹ǳ˳ûһưŶҲиɨ㡣
ŮҪкһЩǹҫӣʵЩ̫ˡ
ʹɨα죬ҲѺĿǰһ꼶˹еλá
һǾø߶˧Ǹ
һߣǿ׳ɭȻ
ʹܽݿ͵ĸ߶ͬʱ˸ۡ



ʮ ɨε

ҵļ򣡡
Ҫ𣿡
һеħ֪ʶĺ
Ťͷɧҷĵطȥ
ԭС·Ҷ೤ʱּ̼ĸļ򣬶޶ڰͷ
ڵļʱϵⳡͻûн߳Ѿǰˡ
飬һʱ䣬˹ȥ
бΣûÿα
˻ãȻѾѱοοαȫˣħҲʹˣϿλ
㣬Ȼ壡
㽫ѧȫȻĹʽͨѧҲԳãҪѧʦһ
ңħĸӳ̶ȣɲѧ١
ʦĽ£ܶѧʱԵСϸڣҲʱ֣֪ܶʶСɣЩû˵ģʦҲڿռ
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ΪֻҪħܹ㹻ι̡
ɸ¥ƽһשһ߽Ը
ҪΪ˲Ķʦ㹻ι̵Ļǿ϶ǲħġ
ѧϿΡͬѧЩɸ¥ɻȱһשһߡ

롣
ģ΢죬һǳʺɨӡ
һ˹Сʦһ˳ǱſڵĴƺϣҲѾǰں˶ʮѷɨ㡣
ֻǶʮѷɨ㿴ѾЩƾɣһЩ֦Ӷ˵ش˳ǰѺɨƺҪһЩ
ûһͿȸҶСʦҲӳǱ˹滹ǵķɨʦŮʿ
ŮʿȥʮͷӣһͷɫĶ̷ͻɫӥһ۾ںܿĳЩӥ涯Ѫ
ˣǴһڵʲôÿ˶վһѷɨԱߡ죬죬ץʱ䣡
ŮʿһߴСʦվŷɨԱߡ
Ҷʮһˣ˹־ˣԺʱֵ˽Աߡ
ҪץҪǰ֣Ҫһֱ棬ǰҪǰҪţҪţҲţҲţҽнţҽнš
Աߵĺһߵͣ߶šĿ桷صķмɣһ߽ŵ嶼Щ΢΢ĲҲЩЦ
Żĵο
ûµģһɨѣһȱôߣ
ǰûɨ㣡
ֿѵİοͣ߶ŵǵɫ
۶գĹ
û£ҲûǵһΣԺＸξͺˣ

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֣ɨϷȻ
ڻ˵£˶֣
ۣ
ħЧµķɨҲԶ
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Σû÷ɨۿˣæԼĶСɡ
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ǾĴɨҲӲģԽǽţԽԽǲ
ԽǼᶨԽǿӲˡ
ȻڽСɵİˣܿ˷÷ɨɹķɵС
һɨĴܽݣϸĵĴںɣʱһʧߣԼողӦôɨġ
Сʱڻϸĵָ£Ҳɹ˷ɨ㡣
ˣһڣǾһţ뿪棬Ҫš
ſߵ˵ǰ档
ɨȣӢߣȻ΢΢ǰ㣬ֱص档ҵĿڣ
ȻûȻ˵Ŀڴ죬ڽŵѾһţһֱֱ˳ȥ
תۼ䣬еĸ߶ȱ㳬˸ոջŮʿ˵ļӢߣʮӢߣĶʮӢߣҲʮ׵ĸ߶ȡ
Ȼɫһף˫һ˴ţɨϻڵ£ٵȥ
·ͻȻ˶ûзӦ
˾֮ʱһӰˢһ´ӵһ㣬׹λó˹ȥ
ԭҲ˶ûзӦԤϵĽ𣬼ʱ˷Ӧ



ʮ 似ļ

˵ʦ壬ٶȵȸҲǿ٣ǿ
ŷɨ㣬Ŵʮ׸ֱֱһ̾
ûǴĻڵϺҲֻЩ̫صˣŮʿȥУҽԺһ£Ͼȫָˡ
ˣ˵Сǿ׳Щĳˣʮ׸ߵĵطҲǺ
΢һ·ɨĽǶȣһ壬˳һ̣׼ץסУ
ץסˣ
СʦǼ״ʱһ󾪺
ʱؼǿ׹ʹץסĽһӾʧȥƽ⣬ۿҪŴӷɨϵȥ
ĻŮʿСʦһ󾪽С
˭Ҳû֮ǰɨҲûپЩ¥ɱˡ
ֻģʽһ͵һ˫ڷɨһ׹תһ˦ڷɨ˼ת̡
жȥ󣬲ٴ˷ɨϡ
˵üˣ
¿סɨĽһ߿Ʒɨȥһ߶бŵЦ
ʱŵһɫûˣҲûлش⣬ǡۡһͿ˳һѡ
ոǽΪҪˡ
ŷɨȵĽڲƺϣһӷɨ˲䱻СʦǰΧ
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ʲôײϵֱ֮ģԴ޵һЩЦˡ
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Τ˹סڷǳƫԶĵط
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ΪпεʦɥôҪεģҲ޷ԭԼ
ԶڽΪŮʿҲǷĵĸм
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⻹ôȣ
һֱ߹͹ԣΪӵŴܺħľ޴ǸĸоȴǶôš
ùܶ෽涼ԼħҩΡ
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ΪոսΪȷʮֵҶԷΣգµĻǸҶСʦʲôɲء
ҶʦûС۵Ʒ¡
ʮӺ󣬿γٴλصΪոյľʱһϢСʦŷɨ㣬ڻ˵ָ£ʼ׵ĸ߶ȳԷС
߶ȣĲƺˤҲûж¡
ұֶ˸𼸸ҡҡλεģĶͦȡ
㣬ҪԣסУ
ŷɨںԱߣϸĵָУһߵ͵һνӴɨĹֽˡ
ıƴ
ȻǵһνӴȴʮ֣澹ȻССʮֵĲˬ
ˣԵĲ



ʮ ˹յĳŵ

С͹ĶԹûȥӸ档
ĿרѧϰħŬǿԼԼѧеĵλҲֻΪܸЧѧϰħ
ȥУڼС֮ĶԹףǲеûµ
пνʱѾ㡣
СʦһãѾӵķʢ͡
˵ʵȵĻʳԣǷǳġ
ȻûѧʱôݳޣÿٵĻҲţ⡢֮ĸǼٶٶС
׼С˯һָһ½ʹԶ͸֧ľ
һɫʦۣޱ˹սڣȻסȥ·
ҹ
ֻһ仰˹սھתİ칫ҷ˹ȥ
Ȼһͷˮʵĸˡ
˹ֵԺ칫ңͬڵһ㣬ħҩνԼ˹ֵĹϢͬһ㡣
칫ڵĲãǳ˹յĸ
һŰ칫칫ˣƿƿ޹޵Ķֲ걾ħҩƲϡ
զһΪǽħҩĲϴҡ
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Ϊĳ֣𲻵òʱı˼ƻ
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ȻǸҶ࣬ڶÿһСʦİȫһͬʵӡ
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һֱڹϢҿ飬ܶ˹Сʦ֤Ҹո쿪ʼǰ˴ܽݺ
˵ͷǻʲôֻǵЩˡ
ոֵĺܺã¸ҵס˾޹֣Сڿ¶Σˣ
¸ңһΪ˹ּʮ֣
ʵڽСʦһֱӡ̣һʼڹ¶Ժ¸ҵΪܵ۸߳ͷ;ýʺϸҶࡣ
ΪҶΪҪƷʣ¸ҡ
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߽ãڳ˹ֵСʦͺԼĿ͵ԺάԺ˹أûе˲ӰҲ˿
ѧԺСʦӦöڼĴ·ᣬ˲ȥ鿴ħʯȥˡ
μƻȻһС⣬Ǻõġ
Ψһ©¾ǵ˲ȡˣһ˲ȡôͷǳ鷳ˡ
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عʱ䣬ֻҪһûпΣ϶ͼݡ
˺ܶħһȡߺȡ䡷УصĽܡ
ʵϣȡΪһֱȽϸΣյħ䣬ڻĽѧαڡ
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Ҫ׶ԿȡҪѧ֮ԵĴԷ
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ˣȵʦǣڳ֪һ꼶˸Ĺأ֪˹ֵһ꼶һǳСʦ𡤿š
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Ҳǻʶ𡤿˭Ѿ֪֡
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СĵٶȱȽϾ⣬ǳĺá
νǰǻСǣĵĿ죬ӦҲ֧ŵѧڽˡ



ʮ 

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Χ̰˹Χһ߽˴á
Ÿһţ۾һһɹŨŨĿ㳦ζıǿ
ȵĸͣϲľ⿾Ĵ㳦ˣҪࡣ
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򳡶ϱĸĿ̨ϣķվĸѧԺСʦÿ˶ԼѧԺΧ
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һˣ׷֣֡һԱһ֡
׷ָ򣬲ͶԷӶ÷֣һʮ֡
ָ𽫼߹ԵɣΪԼߵĶԱݻԵĻԷԱǾ͸ˡ
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ΪҪ֣רŸץȡɫץסɫͬʱҲһʮ֡
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֮ǰ˹һֱܹѹƸҶ࣬ΪҶʵԼߵ֣ÿζԼߵץɫ
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սʤҶȺçļ¼ҪԼεĶӳսᡣ
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Ůʿһڣһɨ㣬Ŀɨһۣ˹ֵĶӳ˹
ΪһյıУǾԼʹ档
˵꣬͵һ
ʱеĶԱ
̱ҶİȡԼѷˡǹһôɫ׷֣ҳûˡ
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ɫųڻһӵʱ䣬ǿʷϣһα


ڰʮһ ʥǰϦ

2000ķٶȣȷһɨԱġ
νץסɫٶȣ֮ǰ˹˴ʱҪ˲١
ɫֻкҴСӵʶһ㣬رó㣬ɨٶȻ׷ϣֵʲһͨǿ٣ץס
ģʽдǿƿظǴﵽ˹ʦ΢ˮƽ
йʦÿӾܼסɹĲӬץסҴСĽɫȻͲʲôˡ
ֻ̣ǷɨٶȰˡ
ŽץŽɫڲлŮʿǰһ˲䣬ȻǱסͣ
İֹͣ˽ͶĶӵĿѡĴͣϹϯСʦǸǼŴ͡
лŮʿҲʮʱ䣬ŷӦֽӹ˽ݹĽɫ
һµȷǱõĽɫŮʿָ˴𰸡
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ʼĴ˹֡濪ʼĺ𡰽𡱡
˹ֲûӮҲûӮ汭ǴûһӮôĿ죬ôĸɾ䣬ôľдɫʡ
ӿʼӵʱ䣬ӽɫųץסһӡ
ֱǴ˻ȿ¼ʷļ¼ôܲ˹ֵʦǸе˷ܣеԺ
˹˹ֿӶԱȫ£еķɨ㣬ǰ̧𣬻Žͣ˿С
Ȼϴνı֣ǶڽѾһ׼ǵʵķʱǵ鲻ȴʱ̨ϵЩСʦǵ١
ֻ֪Ҫнڣδ꣬˹ֶӽҲûκεĶ֡
ΨһЩźǣԺϽķǳС
ȽĵһִķʽĻˡ
ĴҲڻȣǻĪµʦдˡ
ʷǿֽ𣬾ʹ˵
۽ԼǷǳĵʱԺģֻȥоħѡ

һ󣬽ڽƺĸܻӭˡ
˹ֵʦѧԺʦѧУҲЦкСʦȡ˺ܶš
磺ܡɫǡ洫桱ȵȡ
ȻԽ˵ǱȽϺõӰ졣
ΪĳͺԵܶ϶һЩӳɣԻǷǳġ
ǣʱҲһ̫⡣
ǾǣʱǾֹģĳɳȴǾֹģƺһЩ
ҲζţĴκһͬ䳤ĸ졣
߰ٻ磬ô˲䣬ʹһʮһСһʮ˾ĳˡ
һݼͺѲ¶ˡ
ԭôСʦû򣬾ѾʮֵۣҲѾֵܾߡ
֮ûȷϣʻΪ֮ǰ˵һ¡
ԭѧʱʼ͵һЩܵļٱɵĿܣǿȻͲˡ
ֺԵı仯ǻͺסˡ
Ȼ⻹ͷ۵ģϾħħҩĴڣҲûа취ȥ⡣
оΪѵģ⡣
Ȼʦձ˳һЩҲûг̫࣬صĴԺ忪磬ȥ硣
ȥܻͬ˸ճ꣬ѾҪľˡ
ԣʼǣԼҪҪðȥһǸƳҩħʯˡ
ȻħʯĳҲкܴı׶ˣٿһֱţʱԽãиʱİ취ǣ
ǣڵ˲Ƥħʯɲһ׵¡
ԴˣҲֻһһҲиõİ취
ʱܿ쵽ʮѮҲĻѩǣں˱顣
ϾҪʥˣȵѧڻʥڿʼһǰһ³ʼ¸ѧڵѧϰ
СʦǿѡڻȹʥڣҲѡؼҡ
ϸڣѾѧУͳƻؼϣԼ֡
ȻΪ˼ڻع¶ԺʥڣԼƻʹ㡣



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һ£㣿
糿ճ緹Ľ׼һҺһȥͼݿ飬ȴ޶סˡ
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ʵʼѯʵǺΪƽʱֵĺʲô֪Ǻûͼݵ￴
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ԭ˵СݺȤ´пܲҲҹȥ棿
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ûмǴĻͼݽƺһǿҩħ飬мŹڸ䷽̡
һҪͼݽǿ϶ǲܵģйΣտɾҪСܶˡ
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ʵϣԭںܶΥĻǺġ



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ΪȵУһȥСʦϳҹΣҲ޴ڵĻǹעСʦǶȥʲô϶ǳġ
ֻҪһ뿪Ϣңַ˺ܿͻὫ±˵˲ࡣ


ͳħȶͼݴȥһ䣬ŷǳ˿ıˡ
ûȵͼݣôΣħĵطȻһͨĿ״ˡ
Ƿһ󺣵ˮɣ
ҡҡͷ͹һ߽ͼݣ˴δĽ
ħ֮顷аĺħϼǿҩ
ϵЩ飬ʱһְЩħȫװԼСĳ嶯
ڸܵʱʱɨԼĿǷǳǵĿڵ
һﴫص飬ҲһЩҩ顢ȶңҲʲôʦ
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ֻڵ˲ܾԱ߿ţûȥκħص鼮ҵĶﴫǡҩԶԣ̫˲ע顣
ֻڷǿҩǱʱ΢ͣʱ΢һڽ⸴䷽Ǽҳͣ˼롣
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Ž߹ǽǽϾȻһţ˶ʱɴ۾
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ΪǻڲͣϰƯ佫ëƮʱѾڿϱֳһƯĳ̶ȡ
ԭʲô츳ÿ϶ڿ̿ϰħʹá
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һСʦѧϰݣħʷħ䡢ħҩݣҪƾħƷԭһԵħõƵƷϣʹǿʹá
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̫˶Ƿ棬ʦĽУǿˡ÷֡
ˡ÷1327꣬ʿҲħʯһ־о˹ܵʣΨһ֪ߡ
ħʯܰκνɴ𣬻ҩʹҩԶ
ħʯй౨ĿǰΨһһħʯʿ͸簮ɡ÷
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һʯͷܱӣԶ˭ϲ
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Ȼڷͬʱ۾ȴֱֱĶеħ飬áԡܿʼٵļħ֪ʶ
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˵˵ͷȻŽ뿪Ӧݡ
һһȥͼðյľ˵ĹϵԱ֮ǰҪһЩǽ𻹷һֻ֪ܻء
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뿪ͼݺ󣬽ֱӷ˯ȥˡ



ڰʮ ʥڿʼ

Դϴθˡ÷˭һֱʥڷżǰûٷʲôر顣
ҲһŬѧϰţֻʱûзħϣǷħҩƵ档
ȥͼҲǴ࿴Ķħҩѧ飬˹յҲħҩѧйء
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һǻͳһ˻ؿ죬뿪ȳǱǿѧʱһҲ⡣
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ҲΪʲôڹ̸ʩչħħΪǹΥ档
С͹һʦħȻжǹʩչħ

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ϴڣܶطʵûй䵽ο϶Ҫѳеȫˢһ顣
Σճ̶ȱȽϴʱðա
ȳ棬󨣬Һݡݡгɷĩ˫޽ԼƤƬ
Ժ֮ǰڡǿҩĸ䷽˶ԽĲҩꡣ
İҪһµʱ䣬Ϊ˷ֹ⣬
һʮָҲħҩõҩʮֶҲˣԺ֪Ҳʹá
ʹڵҩԼ˲ٲҩȫʣĲʱҲٶĽ¡
һ£һȫĲϹ⿿Ļ͵һٽ¡
൱ħһԱһµĹˡ
ûĸʦһ¹ȥЩҩģȥһԼֻάּСʱεħҩ
ʦУҲֱȽϺħҩ
ħҩֱ˶Խꡪꡣ
λҪʲô飿
ţһԱ
Ҳϻֱ׼õһ¡ϣ
Ҫ׼׼׼ļ׼弶׼׼߼мָϡ߼ָϡ
һ֪һ꼶ħħ䡢ħҩصĿαȫһ顣
ȻǮˣαҪôİͰ࣬һȫ룬ȥо
ȻѧЧ϶ϿεЧãǺôҲЩӵˣϡԡĹܣҲЩЧġ
һЩ߽ħ䣬óﲻԤڣֻҪɹ˳ʱҲǿԾġ
ҲǿαһЩֻҪͼûе飬ȥŽеıȻص
ν֪ʶʦˡ
Щħ飬ıأֻϧĽ¡Ʋ̫á



ڰʮ 

ˣûıħнģ
һħԱ͵кЩڴĿʵ
ոתһȦȴû꿴ıרŽ顣
䣬ʵһֿħ䣬ڸߵħ䣬ڻȵĿαом¼ѧϰ
ħӰһѶȼ󣬾꼶Сʦһڱҵǰȫա
ҵһרŽħ飬ôѧϰħǳа
һ˻䣬ôԺ᷽ܶࡣ
еУһ鷳
Աԣ¶Щԥɫ
ô˵
ɻʵ
Ա֣
ȸҹ
Ƭ̺¥ǰһſһܣԱͶȥѯʵĿ⡣
Աָε
ǰ꣬ǳܵǻСʦǵϲϰרŻһǮٱ顷
㿴ˣȫȫˣ
⡭
ЩǰȻЩεħ顣
ųһʱȴǰɻʲôΪÿһҳεġ
ûʲôõİ취𣿡
ڻ䣬ĻǷǳӵġ
Աͷ
Ҳȫûа취Ҳֻ˵ֹʣ̫ã
˵
ʵ
Աʼ磺
ʵͨƽƽ⣬Ƕ಻ʮ룬ͻٴԶҪһֱͣʹƽ䣬û˭Ϊ˿һϣϼǧεƽ䡣
ԣڼˣһ鶼ûȥ
ˣ֪ˣⱾҪˣ
ԣֱӽǱεħһ¥
ͨʦⱾҪʩչǧƽ䣬ȫá
СԣĿȫٵļݣȻ鿴
ҼʹҪüǧƽ䣬Ҳ
ϾԻԼҪԣֵûʱǰպѧġ
뿪ȥ˶Խľɻ̣ܲԵһЩ򲻵Ķ飬ħʼʲôġ
ÿ첻ԼĺоħҩڶԽѰҸֶԼõħ顢ħҩħߵȵȡ
еһǧ¡Ҳˮʧֻʣ˲ʮö
⻹ҪԼƺõЩͼħҩõħҩȥС׬һЩ¡ʮö¡ƶʣ
Ȼһ꼶ħҩĿ̿רУԼ˹ħҩʦͺħҩŽ
ħҩˮƽһ꼶СʦҪϲ١
Եļӳ£ħҩʱٻʧܵԼ˺ܶ಻Ҫĳɱ˷ѣһħҩʦ߳һЩС׬һʲá

ʮ¶ʮգƽҹ
ڽԼǰ׼õʥͨԽʾּĸ޶СܽݵһϵеͬѧʶĽں
ŻصƸưɷ䣬һֺһħȣʼĵȴع顣
Ϊһҹ˲ĳˣȻʥôҪֻ
ҪǾȫһݣѧУĽڣϵ˺ȥ̸⣬Ҳܽϸ㲻ǡ
˲࣬һ˫¿ëӡ
ңͽʥܺ˼㣬ǻصԱ͵ҪðɣôҲǲԿġ
ʱʼʮšˡߡһع飡
һת󣬽ٴλصŦԼʺļС
ףȻˣ
ӷŽڴ壬ִʱеݣȻȫʧֻ˼֣
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㿪˵
˴󣬽ڶС磬ͬʱЯƷ壬ʱ䲻ڼСͳˡ
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ڶС磬Ҳ˵ϳˡءʦ磬ܴԽСѧϰħ
һءħѾǳѧ͵ħδչǱһ̨ˡ
ǾЯƷ壬ýȻĶ
֮ǰԽʱȷ涨ЯĶдԽħȡɨ㡢ǰѾѻǹǹ
壬è³ɽ࣬涯ȵȣ޷Яġ
ƽٴڡ
Ҳ˵Ը⣬Խûġ
ǣԺǿˣǲǿԽһʦͨӿռ磬ȻһʦţֿԵ֣
Ҳֹء磬кСǲҲ
ȻǰԼҪ㹻ǿ



ڰʮ ʹ

ˣ
ҹŴӺȡĹǧոµʦۣӷĳֱĴĵ
ϵʦۣɲͨʦۣǸ߼ڶԽ̵궨Ƶģһʦۡ
ʦۣһЩͨǹевĽ͡
ҲڸǰСǵԭ
ηأ˴ħ飬к֪ܶʶҪѧϰµħ䡢µħҩȵȡ
ЩҪС֧֡
ϣһСǶûˡ
ԣֻа˷߷Ƕôȥܵĵ
ʺƵ£Ѿз¼ˣҲЩС͵СģûжСǿˡ
ͬɱˡ١ǿX˿ڡ۵¼ǿÿ춼Ҫ𣬿Ʒá
ҲС˵á
ֻķӿɲǵǶһҵһӴĺɫ۹
Ĳ㣬ȻӰЩ˵棬Ҳܵǳǿҵķ
֮ǰΪʲôȥ⣿
ǵĵʱᱻһȺɨ䣬ͲҲǲܵġ
ڣӳֿԷӵʦۣѧϰôµħ䣬ʵѾ֮ǰʱҪǿ˺ܶࡣ
˲ٵĽⶾƺֹܵħҩȫҲߡ
ʱԴ󵨵ȥһˣ

ڹ2000ĸٷ£ܿ㴩ʺɹӣ
ͻʺֻһӣԹ2000ٶȣСʱʱ䣬ҵ˵ڵλá
ð
ڰУټĵ򣬽鸴ӵķһ̾
ħȣŷɨһĳֳͳͳʯĳȵŮʵбеﷸԭء
ȻһﷸǮߡ
ϣ
һǹ·ˣȻס˿ǹǸﷸ
ӰϵĳķֳԭյСҲֿʼ
ڼҲǹȴʦ۸ɵ
ʵϣģʽֻҪǶԷıȽԶ͵ϮȽ϶࣬ĻǺǹġ

賿룬СǧС뿪˵
׼Խӣػʺʱȴڶͷһװ򣬷һƺǺܺϷĽס
ͷĴˣϸ濴˹ȥ
һͲʲôˣҲǣ˭賿ͷס
ͷֹģ֪˵ʲôСܸǸﶼǹķֲܣֹ޹ʿ
һ£˼нӽʮˣҸжǹмõĻǲǹ
ץΥƷף֪ûСǣ
°ͣЩԥ
ʮһͲǵĳǹӣɲһͷСԱģûСǣʵǲȥðա
ԥԺ˼룬ͳʧˡ
Ϊͷ˸ԴӣһﾹȻװĶ
ڴҲ˲ǼҲͼ飬ΪһĽٷĲֽ𣬶ΪһӢۣҲھ˺öٻر
ǣһСʮ
һǲϷģ˷ѣ˵ΪҲСǵģϾһȥҲǻ˵ġ
þûȥ
ôǹֱȥұܷŵҲܵģʦܷס嵫ͷ
˵ҲûǸҪȻ͵ϮȫЧˡ

Сĵİθ߸߶ȣƵһװ棬2000ӽСħСǱ˹ȥ
ǳϡ
һͽ˶׺ݵİ׳ǹĻܣȻоһǰ
ţ͸оһӿհȻǿҵҸпʼķ
ȥ߹ȥĸǸϴ׵ļһǹ
һʮõͷȻĸоԣǿҸİķԸ
뿪ԼĸλһɵЦ˽׵ġ
ôˣǷʲô
Ҫʲô
׳ϴԼ¹Ϊʲôüͷһ塣
Ȼ׳ȻûһҸľǹŶϴ˹ȥ
飡飡飡
ϴȻû뵽˼ĺ󣬾ȻڳԺڣֱӱ׳ɱ
˲һ룬ȻɱϴһŭŽǹڶ׼˰׳ߵϴһӵ˹



ڰʮ ӽ쿪ʼѧ

ħԸͨ˹Ȼã
ͷڻƴ˫ĵ˵ͷ
ոʩչǴʼѧĶ䣬ȻرȻԸһ˻Ǵ´ġ
λع飬ħ䴢˳Ľʱ򣬲һҪͷȥЩӵִӲգӦòͬЧħ䣬Чʸߡ
ڣٳֻ֣ҪԱԶԶĿǻƴͺˡ
󲿷֡ءħɱ߿Ƽµִ
ǣħһЩЧȴǺִܶ߿ƼģʤԷ޷
ͳͳ
Ϊϴɱ໥ʱԭмӣȻֱֱĳĳװϷ˹ȥ
ǽʹٻ䡣
ֱӽССȷһЩûٹЩƴˣֱϹ2000뿪ˡ
ɱˣǺ˻ǻˣ޷ȡСǵģֹֻڷķ²Сˡ
ȻǮﶼˣ
صֿ⣬жӽ͵͵˼С
ûѧ䣬ѧ䣬´ͲÿζӲֿǱ߽ˣֱɻؼ
и꼶ĿαǱ顷ʱӦò̫ˡ

ڶһ硣
緹Ľ𣬾ͰðɯȥСѧУ
ٽͰɯȻҪȥѧˡ
ֻɯСѧӽ쿪ʼ͹ٵĳΪһѧ
ԣѧУȻҲ֮ǰСѧǻһѧ
ѧһѧһǳͨѧҪص֮ǰСѧȽԶ֮ǰͬһѧУѧͬѧʲѡѧУ
ʱ˹Ǵ㽫͵˽ѧ˽ѧȻѧѹܶ࣬ǵȷȹѧĽˮƽãܽˡ
֮ǰΪҪ׬ȡСǣ涼ֵĳ㣬ѧУʦͬѧʶķ
ǵСǣѾȻҲͲҪ֮ǰԼˡ
ڣøȫԼӰֵܾժȥǺȻҪ͵һЩˡ
ѧһ£涼ǳһ㣬Ҳиʺڵ
ɯҲڣѧУҲҪúѧϰҪʦĻ˸۸㣬һҪ˵
ɯУǰЩĵһһ
磬Ҳֿء
ɯ죬һõӡ
Щжİοһ
û£ѧͺ͸һѧУˣ
ɯϳУ׼ת뿪Ȼһ̲ס˳顣
Ϊںӿռ临ĳģʽһֱûнԶҲҪǿܶࡣ
ոѾУĳ˰ɯĻ
ҮҮڰѶħƿˣҰɯŮʱҪˣ
ƽʱܵЩˣ
Цҡҡͷһ⳵֡
ǰѧϰýָɯѧϰУϻеĽʽ
ȻڼѾûȥܰɯѧϰˣѧУɯĻͦģҲðɯúͽһѧУôĿ˰ɣ
˵Լڶɯѧϰ棬ѾҴ󲿷ֵļҳɯѧÿοԶҲйġ
ҲͲóĳ棬ȥŬҲûУóĳ棬ʹôŬҲܻòСĳɾ͡
ѡŬ仰ƺȷڵĵ

ǮĽ⳵˰Сʱʱ䣬ѧ
ѧഺϢŮ߽ѧУĴš
ǴŴ죬Ϊ·ΪεǣΪѧУǸС
ͬڻѧɼõĺѧǽ㡣ɼõֽӣǻᱻ󲿷˱ӽѵġ
ܻӭĶЩͺܳŶջڸгʵķ
ҲΪĺӸĽӴ磬ձȻͬĺҪһЩô׾Ķѧϰϡ
һʮֳѧУʮƽƽǸ
ͨĿţп㣬ñסԼӢգһûжĺڿ۾ҲǺܸߡ
Ҳ֪ǲǴСЩ꣬⣬ͬУͻ֣ʹС೤С꣬Ҳͺͺࡣ
ԴˣҲûʲô취ӦҪ⣬£ŮĶȽ磬ҪһЩ
ͬʮһ꣬ĸһЩٵ߲꣬Żܵ
˹˵׺ĸ׵ߣǿɶʮֳ͵ģĿŮǡ
ûֻŴ࣬Ŵߡ



ھʮ ѧ

ʵϡ
߽ѧУŷ֣ҵѧԼǰϵĳУкܴͬġ
ĻĲ죬Сѧʱ򻹲ôܿĳǽѧ󣬾Եĸˡ
ǵԼǰϳеʱѧУ棬ܿٳеͬѧŹȺܣӡȽһΣϰˣѧУڣȴһӡ
ΪʱʦɶʲôƲ磬ʲôĴħħʦ̫ȵȣԲڵʦԱġ
Ⱦ̡Ͽθ̸֡ЩΪ֣ô³൱ġá
ϡǵãʱѧʱţֻҪѧʦ߽ʦôһʧӰ١
ϡǵĳλʮͬѧΪ¿ʱڽѧ¥͵͵̣ͺħ֣ʮ£һߵϣȥŵĳ
ȻҲѾټˡ
̷װѧƺǷǳ˾ռߵ£¥ʱڽ﷢ʮĺӵǡ
ؼ𿴼󣬶ԷҲ˿ûʲôо·Ѿϰߡ
ҲΪѧУԭһЩõ˽ѧⷽܿػȽһЩ
ʵϲģΪҪģѧУԽɢԽʱԼ顣
ҵ֪ͨϵĽңѡһλȥ
ܿ죬𣬵һڿοʼˡ

ҽн𡤿ţʮһ꣬áܶ࣬δ롭ܶࡣ
һڿεҽܣһŽĽǳûɫ˵˼䣬ȥ
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Ҳý˾裬ǾôȫĻ£ħȶǧ뿪壬Ϊûħȣֻһ΢ǿһЩͨӡ
ڣϸһ£Ҳ̫󣬵͵ֻΪ˼ַܾĹעֻҪƳɹôһоͶýˡ



ھʮһ ݡ¶ˡ

ѧһº
˹ͰɯϷţ˸䣬ĺӿռ䡣
Сħҩʵңһɫϲ¶һ˿ϲɫ
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ħȶħٽӺȡͷڵУԭڵ˲˺ÿķۺɫ
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ڼ˱ߵͷԱκͱߵȫһģһġ
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˵ͱߵ鴿̶йأҲֻһֲ²⣬ûʵʵݡ
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ߺƣȻͬҲѲסһССıͿԽ
ֻҪĺãֶܾʵݵ̽飬кܴٴαƫ

ͬʱֻܾʢܲá
ϣعһϷˡϣ
ֳǺعĿǰĵ飬Ѿȷʦʵݣ⼸м䣡
ԡա𡤿šС
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ʱ¶˾޽е츳ǿĸˡȻҲӴ˵Ⱥǿȡ
ˣΪµĸϣعҲԵعдɸѡ
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ǹᡤ˹˵£
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Ϊִܾʼ֮һ¡˹˵Ķӣصĸ߼ƻзǳҪһԱ󽫡
ƢԸôһЩȱݡ
ɷϣʺһߣ似ָֺ֧Ѿܾܶ𵽷ǳá

뿪ӿռ䣬ŷɨ㣬ħȶԼһָ
Ӱ٣
һɫħâ͹2000ͬʱڷʧˡ
һµʱ䣬ͨԼͷѧڻ˻꼶ʦյ
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⵱ȻҲǳ֮ƣǽ𲢼˵
òǱ¶ˣ˶Ҫ֪ʦСʵеݣԼ鱨
ϲӢ۵ˣʹǿȴͬ㣬οֻǸӣҵļˣѡ
Ȼ֪ôˣ
ǣϰ壬ף
ͷ۾һ̾˽𲢵˼
СʦȻߵѲܶɣֻҪץסѣҪҪ̫ˡ

֨ѽ
򿪴䣬Ȼ䣬¶Ρ
ĵˣҪҹˣ
һʱ䣬ҡҡͷó򿪷ڵϣŲŷһһµ˺ӿռڲ
û취ڸʱ仹ûн廹Ǻ壬ԵСһЩ
ӵײ
ĸ˲ϵϻţǸոսû˯ԺӽĴɱ顣
ٽ
ħ£Ӵħзɳϻеȫ˸ʵ
䣬ħ䣬ʦΪ˶ԸЩħȽϸߵ涯һħ䡣
ʦ磬ܶ涯ﶼŲ͵ħȫͻ˯䣬ʱԸҲǺܺʹ
䣬ֻҪԷرǿ󣬻ͺѣˡ
仹һô˵ͬʱõ˵˻ǳʺϿʵʱʹá
ڽͷĸ󣬺ȻӿһĸоͷԼٴη˱仯Ϥֻˡ
ԭǸһСʱЧˣٴλָԭӡ
Լѽ
ʧõİ˿鸹ϲ¶һ˿Цݡ
Լòĸɲܱƽ̹СˣҺʵЩ̫涼ʮֵĲڡ
츴գ
ħӶ£ĸӳӰסҲ۾
׳Ϊ߶Ȼûȴɴ״̬ĵһӦǾĴܣڿʱϲ¶ɻı顣
ˣûκζ췢Ůͬʮ־ĴܣΨǸͲ׳Ȼס壬ȴȻڵһʱ䣬һһĵĳŽײ˹
ҽӣ
𲻻ŲæĶǿͲ׳һָ׳һεֱӵ˰У޼¡
龰Ҳʣµͫ׶ʱһ
ʾǰ֮ǰСŮһкҲһλħʦ
һСŮѾˣټһͬСкҪߵĿԹ΢΢ˡ
ʣ˵ƭңɱʺǣ
ɫ䡣
Ȼӣ׳˵šúúá۾ȴ๾ת
һʮһ꺢ӵвʵںǸе£ĵûƭС
ΪʲôҪɱʦ˭ģ
˵ı飬üͷһ壬ʵ
λСѣʵǶǺˣҲǱεģλʦСÿϳﷸôĺﷸͬﵱȻҪǵ£ǰǵļˣԡԡ
׳˵˵žȻᶼҪ
λŮӸǡӡĿһŮӵļȫû֮ǰþѻǹͷ׺ģ



ھʮ 

ǱߵҲʼȻûᣬ𲻽ǳ˳顣
ո¥һСŮһ׺ݣ˿ûӣǱƵģҵСƭˡ
ҿǲײĲᰡ
ħȣ˷ʱ䣬ֱ˿öԸǰ
ǳϣ
ʱ䣬ڶ£һҸĶɵģ
˵ʲôˣΪʲôҪɱʦ
ֺǺǵĿ˿ڣ
ǺѹӶСӣǿʮӶС֮һؽִܸɱһǰӳڰп˹ڴɱʦ񣬸ͽǳߣͽ
СӣӶ֪˭Ӷǵ𣿡
üͷ塣
Ҫʶӳ
ֺǺǵĻص
겻֪飬ջħȣתͷ׳
ʱ׳Ѿɵˣ⡭
ΪһḻɱĹӶ׳־Ҫһǿܶ࣬Чʱͫһ
˭
˹
׳Цݣ
λС˭Ĳ֪ԷҲģҲ²⣬Ӧǽ𲢣³һϵ·йأÿﷸʧľˡ
ûԸⱻ˼룬׳ͬҲˣǳİԼ֪ĺͲ²⵽鱨˵˳
ԴˣûзŹΪ˱Ƕ˸䡣
ֻû뵽ǣͷŵĶ䣬ס׳ʮ룬ͱǿѿˡ
ԭֻҪ־㹻ǿֿܵסĿƣ
Żָ׳ʼϹڶļء
ȻΪ󲻿ˡ䣬𵽿Ʊʩ˼ãҲǾԡ
Ƶһ־㹻ǿô伴ʹͷųɹҲпܱٴѣͬһ˶ͷŶ䣬ҲԣӶʧܡ
ҲǣܰٷְٳɹһʦսʳͽҲһֱĥĸĸˡ
ǰ׳ȻڱֵһǲôӣΪǿʮӶСӵĶӳ
ͬʱѵӪܹҩʵ飬иմѪ־ôܱ
ԽʱĶŻûгɹ룬ʧˡ
ԴҲû̫⣬ΪһӢۣÿȥﷸҲ¡
ĻʹʵȤǵЩҲȥ˼ȫɱˡ
Ϊĵضô֩Լ
ֻǣΪ˵һ¡
Ҳ˵Щ֯۸ӣϵԱĪǣҪȫһʵ¡
ʹȫɨˣĻ£Ҳµͬ֯֡
籾ͲǷǺڼ׵ģҪȫûһ˿ĺڰȫ
Ϊؼ£ķĽһûﷸĵطСô죿
Ȼȥ£ҲܲȥСǣΪǿĸ
̫棬ܾǺ棬û취ٿɳչ
δɱʧˣԺһٱô죿
Ǿ£ӽԺ˶ΪǸСŮûܹٲ鵽ʵݣҲ˹ͰɯʲôΣա
ֻܽϮϡ
ŽʵӦͨ˵֯ϮֻԽԽݡ

أͣ
Ǹ׳£Ȼ佫˵˫ȰסֹںӿռܣȻҲܲȥ
ŷ߳ӣԼһߵƺأȻִӿռӵСóһ̨˽µıʼǱԣٴεվ˵ǰ
˻ְݲͬ飬һסꡣ
ȻУʳ˻룬޶ĲƲȫͨʼǱһȶͯᡱվ˻
ȻСˣ
Ȼر࣬ɲٵСˣĵ˵ͷ
ԼǮȥûСǣǿЩӶǮȥȴСǣ֡
ȥ䣬Ҳҵ꣬ǸͲ׳
ڹӶ˵ǮҪĶôΣյĹÿԵǻΪĲǮڽȴҪǵǮȫߣԸ⡣
ȻԸҲУͲ׳Ȼûͷ׳־ǿܿ˶Ŀ£ʵʵĽԼ˻ȫ˳



ھʮ ĵһ

Խ׳ӶСӶӳǰ
ҶҶ
ʱΪΪ⣬׳Ȼ֪ܺͬħʦӲ
ԣԷǿ˵ħԼãԱһΪҪ˻óǺصļ˻ȺŪһ¡
ΪӳĴǮҪȼͬ಻٣ֻóһҲ͸ոռͬȫʲˡ
ӦÿԺŪסǰС
Ӻ
׳ʵ
𣿡
׳Ц
СûˣûˣʶˣԺһĹ£úˣɱˡ
ɱˣһ㲻ţѼ˵лȫեˣŹˣԷֻȥǸǮ
ҲѾûˣ
΢ЦĿ׳
׳һ㶣ȻȻӿһʮֲõĸо
֤һ°ɣ
ֻħ̧׼׳
ϸ
Ϊߵԭ򣬺ϷĸӣʱûȫϵģһλӳĽ̫󣬻ᳳѹ˹Ͱɯȸ˸䡣
ͷ󣬽ٴ̧ħȣ
ǣ

׳沿˲Ťһɴδйģ·ϵʹ࣬˲Ϯʱ䣬һҪĸо
ʹȵѵӪǿҩʵʱҪʹٱ
￪ʼſ־ļȻȴ૵ӿʮֵĹ졣
һԵ˼״嶼̲סһ
ԭȻץסˣȴûеĹɱҲ;Լᱻ͵ʵҲرµġ
ΪڽⵥʱǾͶʦжϡ
һǳĵĺӣм¼жУûгɱˡ
ԣʹûиɵʦʦץסǺһ죬Ȼͽ
ɹزסЩˣԽ˵ʲô̫ѵ¡
Ҳǣ˽⵽ʦֵѡһԭ
ҰԭļƻԼʦ֮ǰķаٷ֮ʮİܸɵʦõıꡣ
ʦǸСȷǸˣͬħСкƺʲôƲ硣
ûУ
ͣͷ䣬ٴ׳ʵ
ûûˣ
׳ҧҧ϶ԷһֱĥԼֻҪԼɿڣԷͻŹԼʱȴӼӳԼٲһС
ǣ
̧ħȡ
׳һ£ǾǽûŹˣ͸죬ôܣ
⼸רŹɱԼˣ⼸һСﶼܺɱֵˣôܻŹǡ
ҲǶԼҵĹȥҲǴ㹻ǮݹϰҲǽһвԸġ
Щͽûйϵ
ǴɱԼٵڽʵòǰʱעһˡ
ֻΪ˽ǵĻȫեóȶͯᡱСǰˡ
ǣ
ǣ
ǣ

׳־ټǿҲסˣڿڽԼе˺źȫ˳
ǣ
Ѿȫˣûˣûˣ
ʱ׳鶼ˣȻҲǵ˼ޡ
ڸոƭңһЩ㣬ְɣ
ʼ磬͸׳䡣
󣬿׳˶ʼЩճɵɵʱ򣬲ͣҡҡͷ
ʵһЩûô𣡡
׳ĺͷŮǰ
췢Ůɫһ䣬ڵ
ҽȫԲκε벻ҪǸ
˵ͷ
ҲûжԺͷŮö䣬Ϊþոյ󣬺ͷŮӱضˡ
ֺ󣬵𽫺ͷŮӵʽȫȶͯᡱ󣬱㻺˵ԡ
ʱ·ˣ
·ʲôʱͷŮӺȻͦͦأԼΪ󣬶ԵԽͻ˵ģȫչ¶˽ǰ
СͷŹǰɣ´ĲˣԸĻʵһʱ䣬㳢һδĿ֣
˵꣬ͷһԼεĺ촽۵Ȼ
ʮһкѾһЩ¶ͳ嶯ֻҪǰСкһС˼⿪˶
ôʱСк˽
ǰĻ𱬣޵ĺ췢Ůӣ̧еħȣ
ߴ
һ̹ħ׼к췢Ůӡ
һ˲䣬췢Ůӵͫͣ·˲䱻ûϢ
ߣȻСӶŹ
һϲþѻǹԼͷŮˣôʲô˼



һ ˣˣ

˭ŶǴȡˣԭˣˣҲãһźҲûʲô𣡡
췢Ůӱǰһ룬ԺпʼԼҵһ
׶ĲĸױұߣԼ˶ĳȻ˷һĺڰ
һˮĽһϰ壬Ȼӳĳ
ԭҪôĳץȥҪôڼɹһ
ȴһ·ĶӶУͨԼнǸС
Ӵ֮λӶѧϰսɺ;ѻǹϵŬΪһľѻ֡
ϧһηǳҪУԼλ𾴵ʦˣն
ױѺ󣬸޸õһ飬³ױˡ
ŸľģһɱΧʱ䣬ҵλ׬һӶ޶ʦ
Ȼ󣬾ʥϣؼһ֮ʱһﳤȥ
Ӵ֮ͳһ켣ڹӶеĶߣΪĺʲô񶼽ӣʲô˶ɱֳޣãԱšЫ
ʵǮΣҪϲһǹͷĿУ۴ˡС·Щͷˣǰʩӹ˺ˡ
ٺ׳СӣСӵ˶ŲҾͬı̬ͬʲô񶼽ӣǾʹһ
һȺŤ֮ˣʱദȻҲ˸顣
֮ǰҪҪһõ㹻ǮǾݣһ˵
ֻڿǲˡ
ҳһͨļͥǸöð
һ̾Ϣ췢Ůӵ곹ʧؼ䡣

䣬ԺҪð
Ųƺŵľʬ壬𲻽ü
ʹҪ㣬һҪɱԷǿԽǿңԽ
˵ʹ󲻿ˡ䣬ʹúħʹʦܵӰ죬Ӷ˼뿪ʼа
ʵ˵Ҳûд
Ϊڽ󲿷ֵĺħǱȽ϶񶾵ģ˵ʩչͻᾫܵȾֻÿʩչʱﶼǿҵҪɱԷĥԷ
ʱһܹһЩġ
Ȼ־㹻ǿʵǲԿ˷
ܶ޶ħµϣ󲻿ˡóҲʳͽǲ٣ֻɲˡ
һ㣬ҲãϾˣҶɱҲûʲôų⡣
ľӰȻôһ㣬Ҳ
Ҫǣħ̫ˡ
ոһķ䣬ħȻ˴룬ֱˡ
Ҫ֪ĲϰʹãڿԵħҲ֮ǰҪˣȫ֮ħ䡣
ͷŰʮǱȽɵġ
䣬ø߸ħҪĹˡ
Ȼ֮䶼޷ħ䣬ǴҲͬ
ѹЩʳͽսʱҲһֱͣȥ䣬ŶˣҲסѽ

Ϊ
Ż˵Ĵͳ£ûжľʬʬ𼣣Ǵźŷɨ㣬ٴ뿪䣬ŦԼһƬĵϡ
ߣ
򵥵ħڳĸӣ𽫺еľʬ嵹ֱֶͷһƶ䣺
ʬƮУ
ֻ˵󡢲ӺϥǺ˨˸ӣǱվԴѿţֵľż
˫漸ӢĵطԵĿӶƮ˹ȥ
ʱ·һĻһΪǻ˹
ȫӺ󣬽佫Щڳٴϣɨ㷵˼С
ʱɫѾ΢΢һ˿⣬Ȼһҹû취˯ˡ
ҲõСֵƽʱˣջһʽͲͰؾѻǹԼٵƼ׵
ڶ죬ң׼ͷһʼߣͬѧǶ˷ܵʲô
ϸһȻ۽һ磬ӡֽ׷׵ǳĹʦʵݵı
Ŀǰ䲻ʦǺܶСǵżԶʦϢҲǷǳעġ
䣬ιʦϢ˵𾪡
ԭʦȻǸŮӣƬˣȻֻǸա
ͬʱ
յŦԼֲˡҲͬյ˹ʦ鱨ֻͨڣǰ鱨Ҫϸˡ
˼¶Ųգ·ļغµһЩĸӶսƵ
ϣ֮ǰλʦСˣˣ



һһ ͼټ

е鱨ˡعϣȻƺڱԹˣһͨȴ¶һ˿΢Ц
ʵϣʦֳʵԽǿԽ࣬ﷴԽǿģΪͱʾʦǱֵ֮ǰԤĻҪ
ǿвߵȻԽǿԽá
ʦ壬ÿ춼Ϊﷸսĸˡ
Ŀǰ˵ĸУӥۺͺڹѸΪܾعȻһⶼûеġ
ᡤ˹ˣĿǰڹѸĿ˱棬Ȼ壬Ҳ񣬵ԸʵЩ̫⡣
ΪҵľͷҵңҲûʲôõֶζƶԷ
ɲʿǶֺܾ;ʮַУ̾˹Ȼʮǿ󣬵ܴͬ󣬸޷Ϳơ
㲻ûǸв簲ȫ
֮£ʦҪúܶˣΪӰˣֲܾ̫Ρ
Ϊֱܾڱ磬İȫ
û뵽ȻǸСʱΪǸкӣ
ϣȻ˺˽⣬ЦҲ⣬ǿ˾Ц
˰˰֣
ĺӣͲԣ΢עһ£ƫкһЩҲ
ҪǣҪԺһģ
ϣ˵ͷʵ֪Ҳôһ˵Ͼı˵£ͲѣֵܾĳЩعģ²ͬ˵˵
ģµΩΩФʶ𲻳
ֳǵ鱨λʦСƺˣѾڹ̶Ǹֿ֣ÿ춼ӵһɳ
ԣҪǰڵǱ߶׵㣬ص
ϣ¶һ˿Ц
ǰʦ϶̶ȥʺǸֿ⣬ֻҪȥֿܶص
ǽһµʱ䣬Էÿ϶ٵĵÿĵλöһҪҵɨȥʦɾûôˡ
ͷƶһȥӦ׷ʦǰɨ㣡

оûʦָʹǿѧˣҲ覴ѽ
ýλϣš׼ͼټʩԼעüͷ
ͼټ⼸죬һֱרеĶ꼶α
˵ʵȻûʲôʵƻȴҲʮʵõħ䣬һ
䣬ǿֱɾʩؼһħ䣬ʦϹħļ䣬ֹħ类Ƿֵĳħ䡣
ټʩţʩԺټħ䡣
ħħ¹ʺֺ˾ڣһרŵְλעԱҪͼټʮ־ͨʦӦƸϡ
ħ꼶αУҪѧҲѣʵãȴûô򵥣Ҫһ츳
Ϊܶʦ޷׼ɾҪɾļ䣬Ҳ޷ӺĲ©ټ䣬һЩʵǳʦ
ܶһȥԷֱӱûκμİ׳ա
һȥȻɹɾ˼䣬Ҳͬʱ˶ԷĴԣ»׽
Ҷλ¡Ͷһ
²Ҳʱ̫СԶûзȫйء
ԣڵǣȻͨѧѧͼټ䣬ȴ̫ʹãΪûʦΪϸָܾͱ˸ħ䡣
ҲҪʵϰͨʵٲܹõͷļɣ
ʱЩգ첻ӦôװĸӶɱˣӦϰͼټ䡣
˷ˣ˵һٲ˸Ĺأ
壡
ʱ¿ε𣬷ѧˣ
ħ飬Ľӽӿռ䣬΢һ¿׼뿪ҡ
ѧУʦûʲôõϰߣ¿κܵıѧ죬ԷѧҪʲô߾ˡ
ߵſʱһɫţжȹŶĳŮֳſϣסȥ·
٣𣬷ѧпȥĵô
Ǹһ£´ΰɣ
·ǰԤУŮ·˲䣬һȻ΢Цһ䣬첽뿪ˡ
ԴѧѧУֽҲѧУķ
ȻѾܵ͵ӢòģһЩͬѧע⡣
ոǸǸ꼶ѧ㣬ѾڽſҪһԼˡ
ʱഺڵСҼңҪӰɯѧҪҪѧϰħҪȥСǣɶˡ



һ ܾ

Сӣ˵ܿ񣿡
첽߳УţմҸû˵ӿ䣬ֱɨȥ߰˸ʮ꣬
ôﶼּһ
ѧУ꼶ѧ̲ס˳졣
³׳ѧУֵ̫㣬ȽŮϲûʲôѣôһЩۺֺܿͻ㣬˶һ
ΪܾԵǺܿǿҲŮӵע⣬ȴ֪Աʲô˺
ˣܹһʱԼˣǸ۸ˣȴһӵӰ
ĲƽʩܻܿǣȴҪμһ
ǵ
򼸸֣ȻѧУһƫƧС
߰˸һ£Ǹȥ
ʱĳЩżĴкΧ۵ȺпһĻ̲סҡҡͷ
ǿ𣬶ǿǼȥꡣ
Ϊʲô
ΪǺͽһѧУСѧȭͷжôᡣ
ѵ·һĽýŰͷڵѹĿ־塣
ԭΪôԶĵطѧ϶ܱܿħû뵽ڿѧڶ죬ѧУıֽٴο˽Ӱ
ʱ¶⣬ѧ꣬һҪһԹԵĺѧŬѧ
Ȼ
߸Ǹħ߽ûãʹ˸ֹǺ
裬ְ֣ϵۣʥĸǣҲˣ
ΣգҲΪǺã
֣һأһѵ߸꣬߳ӡ
ʱʮѺõУſЩͬѧòЦЦתƵ뿪ˡ
Ϊѧ֮ˣȻҵģСѧʵ˺ü꣬ܰ˴ʹҪȴڱ˿˺۵ļ
֣ǿ
Сѧʱͷͬѧʦ״˵Źǵ顣
һƷѧųĺѧһǵƤûһ˿˺۵ĻѧʦȻжϡ
ʱԼŪ㲻صС˺ۣȸ״ЩƤϲµܺӣҪһٴ򣬻Ҫͨҳ

һССĲ
Ӱࡣ
˸˵ӣɨ㷵ؾסСĸȻڰɯУУȴɯѧ
ӵɯ˳׼豴кͻؼȥˡ
ҹʮ㣬ּŷɨ˵Ͽա
Ϯ¼˵ûʲôӰ죬ϣΣСܶһЩ˳һͼټ䡣
ȻֺҲǲС
ЩܵǣΰԱҪ˺ܶ࣬·յʲôﷸǶ
ȻҲǱǰҲ˵
ʱ㣬ûСǵĽЩĵŷɨ׼ء
ڿпʺȥһʱȻһֵߴ˹
׵ĵطһɧɫľүȻһЩȥǻװõ£ٷ˹
󣬽𷽲ſˣһǸˡ
ǸЩͺˣԱ߸ʻģ֮ǰй֮Եܾعǡϣ
ϺãʦС㣬һ𣿡
ϣعɨϵĽ𣬳ִ
룬Ҳûоܾ˸ŷ˵ơ
ǣɫǰ·ŷɨǵĺ档
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ǵģ͵ɿͣǲҲϣֿԺС
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ʦ۵ȷֵӵԷסѻǹĴ׵ôñӺһЩܣҲ˵Ĺȥ
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ǾֳñӺôҪΪʲôʱڱ׵̵ʱûȥõñӺߣǵսŻȥã
Ҳǵʱ̫ˣʦҵĸоױŭˣ
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ΪΪ֣ϣȻ֪ܾһװãɴϺγһܹԼӰ񣬴Ӷ仯κ˵ò
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ԳĬ˺һ˵
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һʵݣɾͺٲˣ
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ĿǰרҵԱԱͼƬڱڵս͵ӳʻǼݼơ



һ ȡСǵ;

賿㣬ŦԼһϿա
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ոڵתСʱȻû𷸷¼֮ŦԼ򻹲硣
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֮ǰ;ãȻ¿ԻСǣôЩﷸҲǿԻȡСǵ
Ҫ֪M̴ֻڵģ󲿷ֵڵŦԼû̵ġ
Ҳ˵Ƿʲô񹫷ߵҲ
˵ĵİǽһҲС˵İɡ
֮ǰһֱûôΪħʵǱ䱸ɭϵļ֡
ңеһЩﷸЩĸЩ޹ݺġ
ûն֮ǰóȻжܻܿ˺˵ǾЩ̫ˡ
ڣȫûǸˡ
Ǳ룬õ豸ʱʧ飬׼ȷﷸʵ˳㻹ڴԷ֮ǰһͼټ䡣
˹


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ɹ
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ǴС磬ҲǴС磬û⣬ûƷ
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ͷϵĻ˹¶ЦȨǰ£ʱһεɣڵûϢ
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ΪҲӵ˼սʯյ񣬵Ҫǰƣ˵һħܸ㶨
һֻǿ԰ڵսҪųô͵취ڸһЩħˡ
ԣͶõħǺܸȤġ

Ǹͣҵô
ϾҲǱԵ޹ʵǣ˽
ţͷԼ˸䣬ȻһħʨӺǿŶͣ
ԲЩˣոллңҽдϵѧ
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ԭʮǰ꼶ʱһʵؿϣ߶ǰλƤ´ĹŶꡣ
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ǣ϶Ϊ֢ͬѧȡЦרΪ֢ȡΪ˹֢
ΪʱʦսĿӱˮŪʪˣСͰŮͬѧǰ޴棬εתѧˡ
ʮ󣬺òװӰΪѧҵʮǰħʦôܲе
Խҽұʾͬ飡
䣬ôЩ죬æŬŴļ
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ʵΪһȵѧ˵ǻѧɣҲûʲô
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ȻҲôħʦԻǧˡ
ǻѧɣǸܹϵҲܲѧɣոƫԶɭУһֱһ罻ûҲ
ҲΪȽԭ򣬲뿪ŦԼ
ſھĻԣڽ˵Ȼʲô¡
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ǴԼʦ÷ԤУǸɱĪȵĴߣҲὫǣ
ܸңǸո˵֮Ƶô𣿻λħ֮ΪʲôҪ֮ƣ
ʱȻ뿪
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ҪѧϰħԼΪҪĳ֮ôõİ취Ǻλ񾭷ʦ𲻴꣬˼ƾʲô
ԭͨȡħʯƳҩó
ħʯƳҩȡĳҲȱݵġͨ涯2оͿԿ
ֳֻǿڣɻʱֱ࣬ߵʬûʲô̫
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ڿѰң϶ȿҪԼʱ䡣
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һٶʮ Īɵħֲ

ȻжԿǶµ״̬ġ
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ûʩý飬ҲͱͨǿһЩҲǷ˶ʵԼҼΪյСħʦ
ѾóȻҪôȥȻ˵ʲôʲôˡ
ʮ꣬ʮʱ䣬ľָħѧϰʮҾͻɣΣ
شϣҲ֪Էһˣ˵õ
ɱ˵ûʲôôʮʱ䣬㹻еħȫѧᡣ
ʱҲǸʱϣҲͷˡ
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ʮ꣬ѾԳ˵ǺֻܳϣСʦܹسŵʮɡ
ģȻҲʲôˣûһġΪԷһҾûҪһҵֶΣ
Щĵ˵ͷȻħȶ
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ӿڴó׼õıӺͱʵݸ
ڣСɹһЩȫд
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ʮӺ󣬽ùдҳֽ£Ȼ˶䣬ʼ
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ʮһʱ򣬺Сվڷ˭Զڵ˸״˵ͷϣԺһʱ
ʮʱ򣬵һֳ壬嵽һʱĸ״˷

ʮʱ򣬵һȥԺΪûо飬סˡ
𡭡ˣԺҶȻƭ㣬ħҲԻ˿ȫ̸㣡
ɫѾǵͨҲ̲ס֤
ħɣôֲħȻֱӲ˵˼룬ֱĪɵĺħаˡ
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˨Qˣ
ˣЦˣĪɵħʦѧϰֲ
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÷ɵħʦֲڴòߣֻܵʱʱȫĪɵħʦֲᣬõҲ
ʵĪɵһЩħҲǷǳȤġ
˹õĿڡƣǸԽĶʵħƽħͦġ
ѯʣҲûΪͨոյ֪Ҳûʲôá
Īɵħʦֲ᲻һٶǰͱͶץסӡӦһĪħʦУ
ܼסħʦֲеħ𣿡
Ļش𣬽Ҳǲ㾪ȣϾ֮ǰʱ򣬾ûѵħʦֲᡣ
ҡҡͷ
ܣħʦֲħʦĸħԼûĸħʦȥѧϰеħ
˻ħǶǸԼϲú츳ѡʵħѧϰټԼиǿ
óǻħ̬ħ˹óħκתΪʵħ
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ħʦʵѧϰħʼʱ䶼ڤΪֻڤǳϡ
ԲûУôʱȥѧϰоħ
ħʦߵĶרĳһħʱ仨̫ħоϣȻħսǿˣʱһҪġ
Ҳ͵£ܶħʦû޵300ǰʵħʵս̫ǿ
һĪѧͽ
ٴηԼļ䣬ʼӰϸڡ
ܿ죬˴𰸡
ĪһѧͽλŦԼħʦħͷʩչħ׬Ǯ׬ġ׿ˡ˹ͨ
Ҫҹˣ
̾˿ʱޣϾȥλħʦ
˵ܰǸӻ𣿡
뿪ԥһ£εĿ˿ڡ
Цʼ磺
ҿٻ㣬ʵݻͦ˼ģ
ɣ



һٶʮ 

Ѱҵ׿ˡ˹ͨḶ́ϵķǳ˳
һʮֵĸߵҪõʲôħֱǲ֮ǰֻôһѣѵŦԼϸסַ
֪ǲûʲôʵս飬߹̫ݣһĴʱûκεķӦ˯ĸһ
һȥһŽıУóѾԻ˺üĪħʦֲᡣ
õֲ󣬽Ҳûжôֻû˯ٴԣ˳ħָȻ뿪ˡ
λ׿ˡ˹ͨһĪħʦʵҲ㲻ʲôˡ
ʮʱʦΪ츳оȥˣԼһоħ
ʱǨܶСħħʦݹҵҾר׬Ǯˡ
Ͼ츳̫ߣûʦָܹ޵300ĿԼͣħǮݵˡ
ֻһǮױ仵һЩħǾ͸ⰵҲһЩµ£׿ˣʣܵ˵Ҳﲻ
Ӱǻ˹ţҲȥæ֮ƣ󱻻˹ȡħ
õĪħʦֲʱʱѾ賿㡣
˸ʵұȽϽƫƧӣٴν˺ӿռ䡣
ħʦ÷ֺĪκûʩý飬޷ͷħֻͨǿһЩ
Ժɽ׺ûٶȥĻںӿռ
ӿռһСкԺּҾƷһӦȫ֮£ɱ֮ǰӡǸ˹Ҫˡ

ڶһ磬ϢõĽ뿪ӿռ䣬˴ʵҡ
һʱ䣬ʹʵںʹһѧϰħڤ뿪ӿռħ
˯Ժ˯ˡ
ΪԴӿʼڤͷڤȻǿԴ˯ߵġ
Ч˯߻Ҫúܶࡣ
ǣһڵʱ䣬ѧϰħϰħڤָʹԺƣ͡
СǵЩҡ
ڣ֮ǰæӡ˹ֹĪȸҲͬ£ջһСǡ
ԣڶһڵʱ䣬Сǵûм٣һЩ
Ψһһźġ
ǾǾһڵħѧϰ粻÷ѧɵħĪѧɵħкܶ඼ڻѧħЧظ
кܶȻЧ࣬ͷųѧһЩħá
иħ䣬ǿƾձһֻӣȵĵıȫ
ʹˣҲѾˡ
ΪһڤѾ׬׬ˣɢɢʵҲвħñȽϺõġ

𣬼鴦ˣһҪٵŦԼ棡
ʵſڣȽֵű
һڵദڽѧϰħٶȼ죬ʲôĴ򣬴ڽǷǳкøеġ
Цŵ˵ͷ
ģĻңһ꣬Ҿͻʦѧϰħ
ڤħѾǳħȼ̫ͣħǸ޵ټܹоħ
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ħ츳жǿ⼸ҲǼʶˡ
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ʱһЩû̹ħҲͨħֲѧɹֻʱֽһЩɡ
ҲףΪʲôССܸͣôħʵѧϰЩڱ̬
ʱãԼʦ÷֣ͬͣҲһн̬ħѧϰ츳
һڣͷŶûѧᡣ
ʵ֪ħ츳ĺһ㣬ܹĳɾͣȫŬϴСʹԵĽ
ֻǰħȤÿ컹ҪһʱѧҵҪȥ׷СѧʱͰŮ
ȫħ˰ıǮ
һû˯һӵľڤˡ
һȤһ棬ʹħ츳÷֣ҲܸɵĹ
ʦ֪ˣ
𹧾ĵ˵ͷ
ڤħĶٺǷܹȻӣֻûرֳ
ͶٲԽħȼͷħʦȼѾʮˡ
Ͷʹ󣬽뿪ʵң˸˵ӣ壬뿪İť
һ㱺ۣѾصŦԼļС
򿪺ӣӿռ䣬ڵʱ¶һ˿Цݡ
ǿԽС˴



һٶʮ ഺȶ

عİº
ٹ·ϣڸʻıʦڸ˹
һЩҵĸֻҪͺǣûйϵģҸǵĹϵʱûзԣ
ģһ㸸Ͽҵģ
˹΢˿ᶨ
ֶźİɯ
ɯһһҪĻҪƤ֪𣿡
ڽ𣬹˹϶ǰٷְٷĵģΨһĵľǱŮɯ
нڣⲻ
ʱĸСһİɯȴûлش˹Ϊں棬ͷŽĴ˯㡣
ԭϱ̫ױ磬û˯β
İɣɯҾˣ
ֹͣڤ˹ص
ԭദ˹ͱѾҪõĴ㣬ԱȻͽԼ˹飬Լĸס
ĸףűһ컹ޣҲûбʾԣֻ˵Ҫȼ˵
Ǿĩʢװеĳˡ
˹˽ʮѵĸףҪ˹ޣҲϻο
Լ֪ΪΣоȻĪ˼
ǰʮ꣬һֵʮ꣬˵ʵڵģɱȹ˹ҪҶˡ
ֻû취ʮ壬ƺ񡭡ҲǲУ
ԺкȻӿ֮ǰڷɻϸҵĳ岻һЩӦ
Ȼ뷨մѿǸ˦˳ȥ
ڿɲЩʱҪĻʵһжǼٵģʵΣʱӵеһжΪޡ
ǰǽϲķȥ룬Ȼ׼
ǰһֱŬǮҪѷӡӣЩҪһжǰ׼ãȥҶ顣
Ƚʱ򣬻ΪЩֵһͿ
Ϊʱ򣬰Ǿġ
һҲˣϣԼӵӦһΣȥӵ£ֻܹġ
ѵഺˣ
ܵʱʱļ¶ǲԼһ壬ഺڵˡ
֮ǰŮʱȻ࿴ۣҲֻǺܵĸоƯͣʲôǷ֮롣
ǽ죬Щͬ
ԣжԼӦഺڵˡ
ˣڹʱ䣬ʵ䣬Ҳʮˡ
ʮ꣬ഺҲ
йഺھഺڵģϾǰഺҲٸһЩ¡
ţһŲŲȻ󽫰ɯԴӴ˳λĿϡ
ƽľٴοʼڤһһȫʧˡ
еֻתΪħϲá

ְֵʲôģסôı
˹ųڱָ£һǰЩͰ͵ʵ
˼һԼͷ
ҲǺ˽⣬ֻ֪ҪǲϷ⣬Ǹ˹˹ҵͺĬҵṩϹġ
㲻ҪģҰְֺңΪģ
˹˹ҵĬҵ
˹̲סʿˮ
֮ǰ֪ģͦǮģĵҲˡ
ϾҲǾֵľҲǼʶһЩģһСϰ壬ԼӦӦ
ǣܸ˹˺ͺĬҵϵˣǿɲһˣ϶ܹ͹Һ߲ܶϹϵġ
˼ƾһСϺװˡ
ǹ񣬹˹װز
ûϵְܺദĲ
ʦļͥȻ򵥣ôǮΪʲôСѧʦǮ˵绹Ѷ
ںĽѾĿĵأٴδڤ״̬˹
ڱʦļͥûй˹ô𾪣۱ʦļͥжǿ˹ȫġ
ͺܼ򵥣Ϊ˹ӡ
Ϊһħʦӵ壬ǽǮƸǵλʵҪĻֿɵá
ǽǮƸ͵λܶЩͨһ޷õĶҲԻá
磬ʱ
Ķ֣ɲЩͨˣǰͬᵽЩ׻һǿڡ
ſڣܿīıھ˹
Ǳʦʱŷ¾裬ص˵䡣
Ŵ򿪣ݱʦָ˹˴ĵͣС
µR8ᡢˡϵУֺĹ˹Щۻң鱴ÿ쿪ЩΪ͵ġ



һٶʮ ӻħû취

츴գ
˹Ѿͣó̧һ䣬ӵŹӲ֪εʲôһҸİɯϡ
䲻ǻ˯Ľ䣬ڵʹʱҲ˯Ķ˲ѣҶʱڶоκ˯⡣
Ͽʱ˯ԼһҲǸѡ
һֱĳͷŸ䣬ôܻɶԷü޷˯Σա
аɯ𴲣һʮ׵£ϾСˣҲ鷳ܺܺõĽ⡣
찬ɯô书û
ָϴģǴλĪѧͽ˳ħָʩչħҪħȣҲκͷˡ
ļƻǣ¾ǴħָʦݳֵĻͻ׺ħȡ
һͿԼһЩֵ
ʦݳ֣дħָʵҲħֵָܾ治һصס
ɣڱŮħ»ɣ
ɨѣħȣʩչصıħСһսǧħİɯȻоһԨĶϮ
ʱ͸оԼڵ䣬ɨ۶ϣǿħҲʼʧʼ
ٴһɢֻص˳
ɯѵʱǵˣ³ˣ
Űɯһʧɫæ򿪳ųк
ɯЩɵĿ˿Ĳ鲻Ը˳ܸоﲻԾ

ŵ˺ܿ˸ûʵıһ¥
С㣬ߣүѾڿˣ
ſڣյϢϹܼңѾǰվȴˡ
ϹܼҵĴ£߹հ˹˺һĿλá
ʱڣվܵļڣһλͷѾͺȴʱʱĿˡ
ԼһλԼʮ꣬͹˹װУŤͷ˹ʱϲ¶һĨǺܿ˻ȥ
Ѿûϼһˣôû¾Ͳܶؼ𣿡
ͺ˿ʱ谮
ְ֣ƽʱҪϿѧУôԶ̫ʱˣ
ûķ˸ۣȻʼ
ְ֣ϸڻĹ˹أǽͰɯ
˹ҵĸײˡƤޣ
˹æЩŵǰֹ
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ƤЩƤЦⲻЦĺ͹˹֣
˹ǰɣãǳãýţɣ
ְ֣λǣ
ʱָָǱɳϵװС
ǸԼԼѵӣôﻹ˸İˡ
ƤЦЦ͵
ŶλǺĬҵļ˹͡ĬΪҲŷǳҪĺ飬ΪһЩںϵ飬صعøһˣ
С㣬ã˵СѵһŮȻ鴫
ʱλĬҲǳʿЦݵĺͱʦ֡
ʱֿ˹˹
˹æ׼֣ȻλĬȴֱ˹˹ջ־׼ȥ
ȻλĬļһûаѹ˹
ⳡ棬Զʦô򵥰
ģʽ쳣Ľ𣬴ӽʼһֱϸĵĹ۲˵ı̬ܿͷһЩߡ
λʦĸףûбʦ˵ô˹λĬģҲʲô²Źġ
Ӽ˹ʼһֱͳҪŮôҲҪùϵɡ
Ȼ֪˹ݣԼ͹˹ĵλһҲŹ˹ܳΪƤ޵Ů
𻹴λĬУڱʦһЩͼ
ߣ
Ѿ²˸˾ŲʮĽһߣħָĴָ
ϣҵƨɣ
ֻλĬ׼£ƨµɳȻ֪ʱ΢΢ƶһСξ룬ʱһƨɽʵʵ˵ϡ
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ԼĿ֮κε˻Խ˾ԽԿơ
ƵȴСȡħʦڴħճ̶ȡ
ոսͨħúĬƨɳŲһξ롣
ħʦѧͽĺܶħȻ͡ءħЧظҲûԼɫ
ƣȻЧƣҲû۵ħߣһָͿͷţǳԷ
ù˹ǵÿĶͬͬˣ



һٶʮ ĪǸɵ

Ĭû°ɣû°û°ɣ
Ĭһƨ˵ϣʶĿڹһ䡣
еƤڹüͷ̲ס
ѺĬĿľǿܴܲ϶ԷԼŮһôճôСģⲻŮЦ
ʵϣԼòıŮȻҪһСƿľ飬ôܻͬ⡣
ֻƤ֪ԼŮƢһ¾ͺѸı䣬ǿиıҲֻʵ䷴
Ҫ̳Լҵ۹ȴƫƫԸ⾭Ӫ˾ҪȥʲôСѧʦ
Ϊ¸ŮһܣȻŮͰ˱ʼЭˣÿôڻ
ֱԣŮǸС飬Ȼ˺ٻˡ
ԣϴӦȴǸС࣬Ǹ涼Ҫ㼸򱶵ĺĬҵִܼࡣ
ĿľŮ֮Ĳ࣬¿ǡ
Ҫ֪ĬҵĿǰڣھ治˹˹ҵĴڣ˳Խ˹˹ҵһͷļ
ؼĬҲǵҲû˹˹ҵô໨š
û£û£ոսŻһ£
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Ƥ޵ŮĬȻʮȤģΪĶôƯĲƸλʲôƯŮҲ
ֻôߵһ¶Ҫ߰˸ҪĻǰС
֮ԶԱȤصĵȻƤǲԼӴҵ۹
һֱĺĬҵ˹˹ҵǿѹһͷûŵƷ
òҵܺ࿹ſѧƣ֮˾ͻ֪ǺĬҵԶ̿ƻˣԶЩս
ֻҪβʤܽӵԾѩһĶΪƤ޵ŮζЩԭϣٻ⡣
Ƥܽҵ۹Ϊһ˹˹ҵĲڽ¡
𣬽Ǹ忴ñӣɳã
Ĭһƨڵϣɯ̲סЦ
ѵ
ɯҪ֮ǰ͸߹㣬ĳЩȱݵĲмʿǲܳЦǣҪһͬģ
ɯͽȻ󣬵ǴҶɳôȻļˡ

ȿȣ𡢰ɯҪ˵Ĭǲмʿ
ʱ˹Ͻ˽Ͱɯһۡ
ҶҶ
һȻǿĬĿУȻһɷ·ϵ
ɵѺĬ˸ǺǽͰɯǺӣĿǰĲ̫ȥƽʲôϲСıдˡ
ʱȴͬЦ
ڸӲǶ󣬶ǺӣܸоԼĺӻСʱҪԼȥǰδĵ·
䣬ƤΪһ˾ܣѾϰԼȥһС
ΪһȷģİıŮҲһ滮£ȷĵ·õδ
ⲻ֪Ա˽⣬ʵ˽Ĭ֣оЩԤϣĬںԼֱֺ˹˹ڸ׵뷨Ѿ˸˾Ųʮ
Կƺڵ٩ĬΪ˹ŻЦôġ
һ̫г໥ܺƤȿڣȻʼ
ֻƤ޵Ļûڹ˹ϣûʹ˹ĹʡδĴʵ⣬һֱѻⶼĬϡ
ĬȻʮŵ̸ʲôֺ;λǩ˴ӣλԱʲô߼Էȵȡ
ȻĿľҪͻԼǶôǮǶôλཻѶ;ĴС
֮ȣ˹ССľʲô

źĬ￶һַڲ輸˸֫䡣
ţȵڻʺٰĲĬҵضǰһԽ˹˹ҵΪǿľҵᡤ˹ˣСˣ
Ĭ˵꣬ȻЦ
ƤҲ˵ͷЦЦȻҲЩϿɺĬĻ
Цһܿͷ˲ԾΪĬЦȻһֱûͣԽЦԽģԽЦԽ
˵ĸоǷǳĿԴ
ȿȣĬ
Ƥװһʾѡ
Ĭ֪ΪʲôǸоÿġÿġΪʲôôġ
ĪǸɵӰɣ
ɯѾЦӻЦ˵ĺĬһ档
ҪɵӣǺܿģ
ͬ
˹Σͷ졣
Ƥǳ鴤ýҺĬһȫǸľ



һٶʮ 뺯

֫䣬һöЦ̱޷ħ䣬ʦͨΪһתƶעֶΡ
ʱ˽֫ĺĬվڿ쳤ЦʮӣһֱЦ˻̱ɳϣֹͣЦָ
ָֻ󣬿ǰƤڣһڿɵӵı顣
ʵ⡭ֻǸᣬƽʱϲЦ
ҾãĬûµĻ뿪ˣﻹһЩ˽Ҫ
ƤƤЦⲻЦĿźĬص
ҺĬΪľúĬ㣬ǿǿԼŮǸոպĬı֣öԷܾЩ̫
˹Ȼ۵λۼͥôϣٱֵˡ
ǮƤ޲ȱǮֻǵҪŮһˣĬ⣬ǻ治˹
Ƥ̬ȵı仯ĵ˵ͷ
һûжԱȾûв࣬Ȼù˹ƤȫλĬĸ
䡢䡢䡢ѷ䣬ֻҪԸ⣬úĬƤȫһ񲡵ӡ
ʵǿǵƤǱĸףҲԼδ⹫ʹöͼټֶΡ

áðɣȻˣǾͲˣڻʺٰƷչʾᣬϣƤܹμӣţʱҸĹ۵ģ
֪ԼոɵһΪѾƤ޶Լĺøн͵ˮ׼֮£ĬҲûж˵ֻǽ׼õ뺯˲輸ϡ
ţֻҪƤ޿չʾϣĬҵǿˣһıڵ̬ȡ
λ˹СûзƤ޸ı̬ȺҸϵɹ°
һʮĵŮˣ㶨ֶβҪ̫ࡣ
ƤޱҪܽӵģ뵽ĬչʾϣȥıضǸľӢʿĿڵ
õģһμӣʱһҵŮλ˹Լһȥμӣ
ĬɫһƳ˹˹һۣȻЦ
Ȼû⣬һ£ȸˣ
˵꣬ĬתԼıڳŵ³ķ˹ȥ
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ȻҪ߳ʱǴֹƸ߶ƤȻ׵Ķ˿ʱ佫˸ʺ
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ֻһħʦ츳ˣȳøԲſԽڤ
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޵Уһصˤ
ȻսױȻˤ˸ͷǣһʱ
޵УսΪԶ̱ңأԼʹ޵УͬܣսѸѹϡ
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ڣʱҲڷӦǿгһֻס˻ǹǹܣŬ޷׼Լͷ
κΣΪµķ۷Ӧ¯ûȫƳɹս׶ɺ֮ǰһڸոǸǿȵķкͻ˵սѾ˲
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Ҳ͵ʱ䣬Ȼͨ׵ҵ˿ȫԪصԪأµķ۷Ӧ¯ȴûüɡ
ʵҽӵƵв绰ò֮ǰķ۷Ӧ¯ӦĴս״ɼ˹
ڣھٴжҲˣΪŻȥҪ˶ãܽµķӦ¯ƳɹӸϽж

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ЩֲסʱһȻѹϵ޵У˲䱻˰С
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սսףƽʹǱڰУҲɿƾƽĶǿء
غսĻǹ𣬾ҪŽ巢
ȻʱĽ˿ţս˻֡
ΪѾǱߵеڶ׼ս
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Ѿսĺû޵Уˣ
ԭʱĺڹѸѾŵ˺ĬҵѾ뿪ƵǰƾŸ߳ĺڿͼɹսԶ̲ٿء
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ңĶǰȫһǸոڹ㳡Ҳųġ
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ԥֳЩַ̧̧֣ȥ
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޵УŤͷܿ˿
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ͬʱеĽҲԼĿռУĬĬóһľӡ
Ǽʶһҵľħɣ



һʮ ħ֮ݣ

ʵԽĿǰʵԼյĸָܲͬħԵκ˻սͦʤġ
ǣ˵̫࣬һдΧɱЩôˡ
һ㣬ԼҲס
˵ףѧϰħʱ̫ˣʹԵİѧϰħʱҲһꡣ
ߵĻרĳħǴΧѧϰֹܲͬħ
ڣħȻЩȴǴӡ򲻹Ҳøħ·ǲġ
οҲһսǰ治ǻܶš
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ǣǼܻʿڽ뾵ӿռһ˲䣬ڿռϣѾʵһˡ
ЩʿĿǰ֮ԹᣬΪԶңأһǽ뾵ռ䣬Ȼ޷ٽյңصźţҲͲٷˡ
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ЦǱӵľϣľɾҪˣʱʮݻʿֽٴαų
վӺ󣬽ֱӽӽ˺ӿռ䣬Ȼһٵתλá
ȻǰŸ뿪ոڵλþѾһƬܼڻ𸲸ˡ
ԭ֮ǰһϵе¼λǰѾƻãҪںսǰɱֹħĲȷء
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֮ǰǽսս״ؾ󣬾úĬսսϣܵļظԱ֤Ļ
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ͺսԶʤ޵µսףнսĵޡ
ҪǣѾЩ޵սϵԷֻܺս
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ħȳŻ㣬һ
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Խʵ޷˹ȴͿǱҰţͨﻹǿ԰쵽ġ
ȥɣҰţ棡
ʮͷҰţȫźöӺ󣬽һԾһͷҰţıϣħһӣҰţŴִţǣսķ˹ȥ

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ֻʱƣеڴȭͷСǦСٵСһֱ͵˱ͨҪһȦͣ



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޷裬ڽгԼҰţȫʱȻӦʲôŤͷ˹ȥ
٣֣һڳ
𿴵תټڣһѽеĳ˳ȥ
򻹴һȦ뿪˫ֺ󣬾ֵҰ˸ŻϢݺݵ˹ȥ
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Ҳ͵ƽٶȱƽôһ룬ɾһ룬ע޷ٶڡ
䣡
һıը𣬰Ŵ۵һɨ㽫ҰţϵĽȥ
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սڵˣѾѪģûϢ
޵Уߵǰģͬʱ˸뷨
Сʦǰ
˵֮ǰӡǸϷҩԼž֮һС
ЩڣѾǶԽĹˡ
٣һӵĿȥλСʦˡ

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ڣǽ˰ɣ
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ϢȥչǱ߿ûҪæĵط
ħһҰţ»Ұţͼ𣬽óɨ뿪ģ̬԰
ոյĻ˱вӵ͸ը˵ͨˣڹȥˣӦûˢһСǡ
ŽŷɨıӰʧ˰У޵УŻڵ
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ոսʬ壬ƽ޲ӣŷӦ˹
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ʱƤ޵ĵһ뷨ǣǲЩʿ֮ģ뿪չʱһ㣬Żᵼ»˯ڡ
ͬʱװ˯ĽָǰıʦԱߵİɯֱͷ˸䡣
űʦͰɯãȻۣҲͬװãȻۡ

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ѧŰɯһ¶ãȻı顣



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Ҫ֪忪ԡĸԽԽСټʱǱоħѪħûôȥ
СҲһֱά벻״̬ȻôһΣգرҲǳϵķ
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СȻֱӽʵǶ˵ȴҪԴ
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һʱûˣڵǱߣӦֿʼԾ˰ɣ

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ԭܾ֣ǺܷеģΪʱʵޣֻܾ鵽ԼݣӶΣմԼļˡ
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ΪȽȱСǣܾԼһڴҲʲô£ݺݵ׬һСǡ
Ҫ֪Сһȴʱͽˣٻع飬СǹƲʣ¶١
ȻܾԼæյķûҪյģǲܵġ

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ߵĶ޶ʹıԹ
ʱ޶еëһԣ۰Ͱ͵ؿͼݴ峺գһõӡ
һԵĺĵģеıʼϱͬɫ׼Լĸϰƻ
ҪŬŬҪŬȴڸŬº޶ͺȫͬ״̬̲סҡҡͷ
㵽ͼʲô
ѧϰڰ״̬޶ͷŤŤȥÿ׼뿪ĺǴֺ
ԣֻεĽ鱳ں˹
֣һֱŬҵĹҲëʣֿʼͼӺ׳һЩ¥ħʯһЩܡ
ʵʵǲûشֻ͵͵üһСȥϸġ
ˣһСʱ󣬽ҲŹһСݣСݵı¯пöںĻ
ڹ򺣸ȡ¥Ϣ£˿ģӽСݺĹעͶϡ
˵ǿɣǵȷҲǳǿ
ӵӴǿԷУצеĻӵž綾Ҽ͵ƤҲӵǿħԡ
˵ҪƷҪʮλϰ޼ʦͬʱʩչ˯䣬пЧ
ʹרԻۼ䡣
ۼֻʹûʧȴ޷ʧȥսһûǻᱻһڻ
ĿǰĽ˵һʵǿĻսǾǸǳ
Ҳиܲõȱ㣬Ǿ涯УҲǱȽϵµģ֮ͨҰ޶硣
͵ǺѱѱҲѳΪ
ǵĹԼǿӳʱͿʼѱǣпǵĹܶרҵоʦ϶ٶЩµ˺ۡ
޶ĸΤ˹
ˣҪһͷΪֻҪûһЩһսʱ𵽲Сá
ԺҲС磬ҵԿƻħҲ˵



һʮ ʿѱħ

ҹʮ㣬˶Ѿ˯ߣЩǽϵıڻԼ˸䣬ܿѲߵķѶ˿ˣĵ뿪˻ȳǱ
ںҹСǱУԽںԵ򳡣ܿϹϵĺСľݡ
赹أ
һħȷŵ˶ſڵԹŽСߵСľݵĴ󴰻ϡ
͸ڿȥʱǽǴĴϣߴ˲˯㡣
ĺùСľ컨ϵЩȺҰһһġ
񣬶Բסˣ
۲죬ȷȷ˯ĺ󣬽ħȶСݱ¯ڵĻһָöһεţǻı¯зɳŴ󴰻ķ˹
򿪺ӣӽӿռ䣬ʦͳһǰдõֽħ͵СľĴϣŻԶСľݡ
ոµֽǽαװİ˵дġ
Ϊ֪ͨͷȮķαװİʦͨȡΡ
ֽݣҪ˵ڴƽ˺Գ͵͵ˡ
ĿΪ˷ֹΪִˡ
ʵյӰķչöҲûãͱ˲෢ָˣΪħĹ涨κ˶ǲ˽ġ
±֣˵ᱻȥȿһʱ䡣
Ȼ˵͵ߺΪ˺ãҲǼٵģֻΪ˽һսʱиĺðֶѡ
ܹ黹ýоЩԺ񣬱Ͼദʱ䣬úʵͦġ
ιΣ͵Ҫ͵ģҪ뾡취ԼʵֻҪߣʵҲԽܡ
ֻ˵Ժʵˣ취һº
˵ʵЩʱԼһЩΪԽԽ˹ˡ
ҲʱԺñֵ˹֣һԭĲĳЩʣ˹֡
صϢңһԾ˺ӿռ䡣
ʱӿռıڣСĽںĻյʢı¯ڣ֣Щɻʵ
ʲôȻҪڻ
͵ǰǰ˺ӿռ䣬֪һһŴ󵰽ӵֱ͵ı¯Уû
ŶǻԱҪڻзҲôСģƻҪһڵʱ䣬ûô죡
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Դؽӿռ󣬽ûٷ֪ԼѾڡħʦѧͽˡ
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ЩûҪ˵̫״Ըħ֪ʶͻὫͻءħʦѧͽ硷
һſԷĻ˵㻹Ϊһʿ
ҲʶȤû׷ʣֻȷǿԷĻ󣬿˾Ц
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ˣ˭ȥѧѱħħʦֲᶼħɾˡ
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Ҳһ°Ͷǧ꣬Ҳѧϰѱħ
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һۻеĻ˸к뿪ȥԺ÷ַڤȥˡ
Ժʱ뵽һ⡣
ǾǻķˣӿռĴС
𰸿϶ǲܡ
Խһʱ䣬ҪٿճһЩʱ䣬ڶ޺չоϣֻҪ޺չѧĺãӿռҲһЩ
ҽҪʱȥһЩɳʱҪԵʳȻƿǶˣûгԵĶ˿ɾ͸Цˡ



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ԼҪµʱ䣬ſ»棬ͨµĻ¶ߣŨػɫ
еһЩ֣ʮµʱǲܹѧС
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ٰصڷİ裬ĿǰĹз췽¹ӡӡӺӢӡ
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ʵϣءħԶûнô򵥡
һԶŷչִγһʦϵ磬ħࡢ޷ġ
ܶ಻ͬĹҵʦԼɫħкܶʦħҲûй
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դŻһϣ졣Ƭ̺һĮŮ
ݵդŴ򿪣һµȳ˽ǰȵǽ϶ţָĿӺ

𡤿ţµ֣һӭ
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ЩԱԶڽĵûжٵ飬ԻӭҲϡϡġ
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΢ҡҡͷʾ⡣
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μӢҲΪ˽¡ˣûдȥĶʲô̫Ľ
Ҫ֪ύԽ࣬Խ㣬˷ѵʱҲҲ࣬ΪЩѺҲҪʱ;ȥάϵġ
ڽ˵ֻҪάϵһ¹ϵУ˾ûҪȥ˷ʱˡ
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Ϊ˷ֹǵע⣬Կ׶ճƷʽʹԿʱͨǿҵѣθС
ѣθпɱνγҪصĶࡣ
ûнؿǰСʦǿѧʹԿףǺܶСʦ˸еǿҵĶĺЪ˹ÿοѧǰ죬УҽԺΪ
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˶Ѿ˾ѥӣλָ˹ħһӣڵ˲ԭʧˡ
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ħȣףΪһλİĳʦħǰȥ
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УҲЩҪġ

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ԵİƹĿѧϰһ飬ǷǳƵġ
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ָ͸ѣڶܲμ񣡡

һĵ̯ǰ߹ŵ̯ϰĽţЩħΥħƷ
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 һʮ 

ͷİ޾ḻµ˻䣬ħһʩչӦķ䡣
һӰٴ֣ʱѾ嵽Щ¥ݴ
ԭͷĻ󣬽žͶԼͷ˻䣬ֻʣڤĶ£Զһ˿Ա⡣
Լʹλ޶ӳӦ죬Ҳ˽һ
ټˣ
粽ǵħ䣬һԾص˵һľưɡ
ʱưȥ¥գҲͣٵĳžư˹ȥ
ȻǿɲôӦģưֵϣͿһֱûӰΣӵǰ档
ǷȺˣЩħ°
֪⿿ӲˣֻѡӲˡ
ǲ̫ҪȺ޾ģҲ˺ǣû취ӰεŵȺޣ϶Ӳ˵ġ
սپİޣǿɾ鷳ˡ
̤ǴƮŶĸħ
Ȼʦ䣬ķҲ޵еģħ㹻ʱһҲᱻǿƴơ
Щ޿ûмƲ磬ʦڲĺ֣ܵסһɵסʮ޹ͬħ
ڣڽΪڤǿȴټƮǴԷ÷ΧħʱҲѻ
Ҳ㣬ͬʱĴӿڴץһ˳ȥ

ȻǼٵģɲǶܣҲŵӣʲôӰĹ
ֻǣħֱħٿЩ룬ʱ˹ħٿС
ֻС̫ۣĳӵΣĵᣬٿٶҲСҪϺܶࡣ
Ȼ˺ûôߣʱֻҪһ㸨ãսкܴ
ЩĨжħҩҪ۶ڱǣе;ջȴҲδ
ʲôң
ȫעʩչħǱȺӻļһȻоָ״һɾҵʹʶķһУɿеħȡ
ȻѧҲҵమãɲ֪ʲôѨλöԷԻ߻֮ģֲҪ
ԼǰĳӾľ飬ֱӿ룬ݺݵЩ޵ָС
ȻЧ
ջ룬˵ͷܣֻҪܳЩ޵ߣĳһ㣬ԷʹӰΣҲҲ
ǵĻ˺Ƚϴ󣬱ĿƲסŪһޣִˣոֱûʵһݵĽս
ѧУѧЩħʩٶȣ֮Щḻİǿ϶Ƕвġ
̫ԣֻܶħҪºֵĻʮޣ治Ķ֡
ʵ£ֶԽ࣬ԽˣȻ׻ʤ
ħѴн𣬶ȴͬʱͣһЩԷûмħʤ
ǿԼָɳ룬ʱǶǸʦò֪ħϮǡ
ǿָ׵ʹǸϽϵħȣҪʹӰ׷ѾܵĿҪӰĺʦ
ȻһȻλʦȻһڻ档
ǽΪ˷ֹ׷һһó̷ųħ
ȻǷֻ»ħ˶ڽ׷ɫŵĿʼħΧ
ħȻͻһһ;޴òַǳΣյ涯βܵĻضħɾ޴˺
ȶԣһǷƷĺʦȻͲΪˡ
赹أ
ʮͬʱħʹ˻˯䡣
£Щ޵ħˮƽĻʮ˯ͬʱȥҲû˯š
ϧħֻħȻڻ˯Ǵߵ״̬
Ǽ״󾪣æʹרԻȴ涯ۼ䣬ɶħЧ
ڰħ֮ʱҲֳһС壬һ·С˹ùݵ¥¡
䣡䣡䣡
ʱǿҵıըҲԶ𣬽һе̡
ԭǷֻ˯ۼһϵħ䶼ʹֱó޴ıը䣬ǿнħը˸顣
ըͦģ´ʱѧһ£
ħҲۣϾǸģͣͷʱ䶩һǡ
Ǯл䣬ͼټ䣬ȥһģͻǺܼ򵥵£ҲõĻᱻܾͨ˿鵽



 һʮ ϸˮҪ

ӵķά
һƯһԾ¥ԼĴڣȻѸ˽ȥ
ָԼģûнӿռ䣬ڴڤ
ֳôĶһа޹Ѳ飬ʱһѵ䣬ڿɾ鷳ˡ
ͬʱħһͷưɸʮ޿ŵϱըķѵϾģͣ˳˼С
ʱǲŷӦǾʲô涯ǸոǺʦʩչһħ
ӳô죿
һŮǰʵ
ͷİ޶ӳüͷ
ѣǺʦܵķѣȻӰΣͱضܲԶ
ֻͨĺʦԷһֻ۱һֻҲ͹ȥˣϾֵ½Զץġ
ɸոǺʦֳʵ̫ǿˣʩŪûħ
ûİʦʱڷħ֣ܲġ
Ҫ֪ɾǷħٱĿĹˣǧһְܳȫ⡣
ȻҲͻϮ½Ϊ˾澯Щʦ⼸첻Ҫ£ʵһ㡣

գӴսʱ𻺻۾
غЩƺܵ·Ѱѵù棬ܿͱùݵĸ˸ˡ
Ҫ֪ùסģɶҵĿѡ֣Ҫμӱˣô״š
ҪǱһţû˯þ˭ģ
ڽ¥˳Էʱǿùǽͨ
ͨϵĻûɵģҲûдֻ֣ڽ˵һλħʵʮǿΣյĺʦֺ뼰ʱ֪ͨħȵȡ
һҲ⣬ģɺͨϲһҲǺʦ˾Ӣ֡
û˻Ǹʮߵǿʦϵһ
ϵһһţֹ̣ͣ˽ʳ
ڤʳԱԽԽС֮ǰΪģʽҪʳȴΪڤĲ䣬ʳָֻˮƽ
ڤ룬Ҳܽٹˡ
Ƕս¹ҪѹһӮ
ϣҼʹ
Ȼ˽ԱƺĴûжٵš
¹ϴ汭Ǹ߳߰˸ΣҶսʱǿǱ㳬˶ʮ֣ҪǣƿԲǻһ֡

Լ˵ңвĿѡ֣ɷħǰ׼õħѡ
ķڸǱȽ϶ģҲǷٰͻʱرĽͨߡ
˵˹ͶħѧԺУķķŮʿһеļƷ
ͨϴ˱ëɫҲӵƯҲǷмеĴڡ
ٶȵĻķƷ֣Ҫҹ롣
Լ˵ңһƬѾۼ˷ʦͰ޵Ŀ򳡡
󾭹Сʱ׼ھŵʱ򣬱ʽʼˡ
ʵĳͽѧУʱûʲôֻ̫Сʦ˷Ŀ氮ߣԼҸۿʦ
ϣҲҪڻʱ˺ܶ࣬Ǵһ
һΣûڻһֱץɫ
ΪⳡɫٶȣѧУʱɫٶҪһЩǾϴε˲̸¼󣬽Ͷһס
һֱֿʤģʽôпҪ˶ãĿ⡣
ҪôֹҪô⵽޸ģȽֵá
˵ȻһҪĽ
õҪԴΪֵĹʣ⣬ľԴҲͶˣΪˣҪϸˮĲԡ
ʲôϸˮ
ɫֺ󣬽ûǰץɨеĸں棬һͨͣĿλöԷץɫ
ȹСʱ󣬿ȺõĶѱȷ˴ԼѾһٶʮʱһץס˽ɫΪӻһʮּӷ֣ʮ֣Ӯʤ
ץסɫʱһȸԾһССͣȻѹλ¹֡
ȹ龪ȣҲܽܣֳľһʮ֣ȻȴҲûгǵ֪
ʱĵ¹ֻãǸոڶ򣬾ץɫҲʤ
ⲻ֪ʲôʱʤɽġ



һʮ ֵ

̫ˣҹȻûп㣡
һĸ˽һӵ
κģҲǶеٲܷ̣Ҳͷˡ
ȻӮˣ
ȻûڻϱֵôֲҲ֮УΪʽĽɫҪѧУõĿϲ١
ոϣȫѹŶλǿĵ¹֣ץסɫսʤǰĵ¹ӣѾȫ֤˽Ǹô֣Ҳ֤۹⡣
ˮƽȥ´汭һұ֤ڶϣġ
ӢӵĶԱڱ󣬶ڽ̬Ҳ˺ܴת䣬ΪǷ֣Сȷ֮ǰǿϲһ㡣
극˶ȴӺͷӵıȴҪùѧϰҵҪ
˵һʱ俴õѧϰоħȥһ˾ķħ֣ܲԵһЩõĶ
ʦܵĿ죬ǮҲûգڿڴĽ¡ɻһû
ڽҪȻЩԸܿı˽һӵ֣Ӧı
ںͬԼԼȷҪʱѧϰǵͷûӰνͻùݡ
뿪󣬽һ뿪ùݣħϹ

Ѫأ
ûûһʦģʼΪӿռＴĻ˳ʱرĿ
ݡӻָϡǱܣӺ͵ĻƲ໹һڵʱܷˡ
ԳڷħǰӦʳصȺ󣬻Ĳ̫óȥ
ѪͰصļ۸񲢲󣬽ʮö¡㹻Сǰڳɳ
򸽽ħ̵ε˹ȥ
ռħһǽΪеģΪĶֻħǸħħ֪ʶԴĶ
ıתۼš
գӢսʤĳɼⳡĹھ
Ҳⳡһսʦɵȫѹȥ
ΪӢӲУûץɫǰȷȫԷһ֡
ǽԾտķмɣһץס˽ɫʵбȷֵϮ
Ҳ˵ΪнڣӢӲܻĹĹھ
ĵڶ磬Ļ£һͨԿ׷׶ħȻں󣬶߽ħı¯С
һɫĻٴλص˻ȣ߳¯Ϳǰվǵȴ˹ա
Σܲ
ѵõģ˹յϾȻ¶һ˿Цݡ
˹ѧԺһ꼶ȻڹҼĿȡʤҫ˹λ˹Ժ⡣
ҫ˹֣˹Ϊеľҫ
𣬴ʱΪ˹ִ˾޴ҫҲΪȴҫ

ź䣬߽ãӭһƬҵ
пֵСʦʱĸѧԺģ˷ܵƣΪڽϵıֽϣѾ˹Ĺȫ
Ҳ֪ǽӢȡ˹ھ
˵֮ǰѧУı˹֣ܶѧԺСʦ˼ɡ
ڣľͲ˹֣ŻȣӢȫʦֵơ
ͨⳡĸ֣Ѿõ˹ֵĽ𣬻ȵĽ
оͦõģ
һȵСʦǣϲ¶΢Ц
ѹ˹ֵʦϲ׷Ϊʱָоȷ
ʻмܹ
һжҪʵʵӵһУûʵһжλʦһ
һȺСʦǵΧ³緹ٴͶ뵽ͼݵѧϰС
ĿǰսȻǶʮҲ·磬ϣȫԷ
Ķ̰ͬҲܶ࣬ҲȱݣطҪһһֲ
ӰΣͲҪЩӲգֱߡ
ĻûдﵽԤڣҲҪ취ȥ
޺չҲҪʱѧˣӿռڻãȻˣ϶ǲõģҪ޺չ
ԵĻ뿴ܲһЩǿ涯
ħҩȵȶҪʱȥڵʵĿ껹Զɲиܵʱ򰡣



һʮ ƿ

ڼڽĵ죬硣
һ¿緹ûԣ˸˵ĵطĽ뵽˺ӿռ䡣
ΪĻСҪˡ
һ¥ĿڣЩŵĿϣҡҡλεĻԱſŵĿ³ɽ
צһƺҪȥǵȴֹ̧
ôˣ
ߡ
Щ˷ܵ
ˣϾҪƿˣ
ڡħʦѧͽ磬ˣһοĻƿǶ˵Ҳһʮ¡
ڱҲû£
ƿǣֵıȽҪһЩ
ͷϵȥ
ʱϵѾѿһķ죬ҷ滹յ
Լʮһ̶Ĳ𣬵ѿˡ
һСҡҡڰڵĴӵ˳һǻûаƴĳ򣬷һ·Ľ
ճСƯݺݵģһͰ͵ĺɡ
ֽС𣬻ûüϸۿʹ˸磬ǣȼ˽ͷ
ʱæԱһСͰͰǽ֮ǰڷħ򵽵İغͼѪ
һϣ
ҪӪ
Ե˵ͷСԱߡ
СƺڰغͼѪζʮֵϲһͷͿʼ๾ĺ
ûһļѪؾͱСˡ
ƺ㣬Ȼ໵Ľٴθһ롣
ʱȥһ͵ӣҲΪؾˣҲˣĵȻɢһЩĸԵĹԡ
裿
ҡҡ˦ȥȻðĻ뷨ϰļУʵЩ̫ˡ
СչŰɣһٹ
СȫƿǣϸչţҲû˹ǡ
ڽʳСԴǵ˵ͷȻѯʵ
ˣʲô֣
֡Ųͽŵɣ
ȡ£ɲóӡֺͽŵɴҲûʲôĶ
ŵ𣿺ãԺͽŵˣ
ЦЦˣܿĳСȷʮϲ
ҲǣܻʱרŴħħҲǹצܿƺжӰ
תſȥ׼ţﴫѵ
³ɽ׼۸ŵ
Ťͷȥ𲻽ݸ
ԭԱŵſϵĿ³ɽҪȥҧ³ɽһצӽͷϡ
Ҳڿ³ɽڵŵͺЩϷɵСûʲô
С񡢺ӡ㣬ɶƽʱϲԵʳҲʱҪʳԴ
ܽڽ£ʱĿ³ɽҲǴﵽè۷˰ɣ

ŵɳķǳ죬ƿʱֻаƴСǶ̶һڵʱ䣬Ѿ
һʼ³ɽŰŵСһѾܴĲˡ
ȻĿǰǿ³ɽһЩ
³ɽϾսḻŵȫܣؼڻ𣬲ɡ
ֹһڣӿռ䡣
վںӵıԵ𣬺ӱԵĿռҲʼ
ʱһֱо޺չ䣬ħʦֲؿռħۣ˹պ͵˲࣬޺չɿ졣
ڣѾȥչڵĿռˡ
ȻÿĲǺܶ࣬ʵٶȽԽԽ졣
ƺϣѾǹСŵų׷ſ³ɽ
ΪɣǸоһֻ죬׷èҧ
ʱĿ³ɽѾŵĶ֣ŵٶȣʱ׷Ͽ³ɽ
ʮӶʮڵʱ䣬Ѿתˣֻ˵ǿ涯֮һɳٶȵȷǳ졣
ٹһʱ䣬͵öעտһ£û˵˿³ɽ
ҲԿ³ɽĴŵҪץҲס
ܿŵҲֻںͿ³ɽˣ
𣬰غͼѪѾŵˣҪһЩʵʳ
Žɿռź׼ڤģʽæǰѵ
Ե˵ͷ
֪ˣһһЩʵʳ
ŵĳɳغͼѪ϶ǲܹģһԤϡ
Ҳǰ뵽˽İ취
Ǿȥ֣
ֵλںСݺ棬һƬһ޼ʵĳɭ֡
治кİ۾Ⱥǻ۲࣬óռԤԵ˲䣬ʥĶޡҹ롢ӥͷ޵ȸָ涯
֮ͨҰޡ



һʮ ޵İ

СʦмԣѪ˳ûΣա
𾭺֤ʵûеģֻһȺڱµĺ塣
±ʱµĺӣӵŲǻۣȴһ塣
ͨǵСѧϰԡ
֮Ҫ˵ˣҲΪ˷ֹСʦǺ͵ȥΣգϲðյĸҶСʦ
ȥ԰۾룬Ǻױ¶
Ϊÿһʱ䶼ȥһĺôˣΪʳ˵İ۾뱻ԣɲʲô
ǣֻȥһЩͨҰ޷ںӿռ䣬ΪŵĿСһЩǲᱻ˷ֵġ
ĺڿռźҲҪһЩȥһˡ
ʳ⣬Ҳûжʡ
ΪһȻƽʱֵĻ𾴣ԼǺ֪֮ġ
ҹ
ΪԷһûıò뿪ȳǱ߽˽֮С
ֲָĺҹצ·ħĹʱʱĹԼȻĴ̹磬ִ濴ȥͺһɭֲħߡ
ðɣʵҲûôֲڽһֶͨѡ
ֺҵһԱȽϷ֣涼ǻݲݵأħ˽ӿռ䡣
ȻſʼƾԼУʼѰЩҹѾߵĶǡ
Сʱ
赹أ
ٴûһֻʳķҰãӽӿռ䣬һʱ䣬׼ԡ
СʱڣҰáҰҰѩӰ˵ҰѾץ˲٣Ӧùŵһʱˡ
Ҳڻȣع磬ʱԻǮһЩʳʱԳ

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ԥҪҪȥȶޣ޵ûʲô̫ϵԥҪҪȥˡ
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˼ȥǾȹȥֱӸɵ壬˵ҲвٵСˡ
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һʮ ֮

ӳģʽһλǱи֣ŰķСǱ˹ȥ
Ӻ󣬽һŴϣǿǰҶ˰׿һƬյء
һʦµӰѾħһֻŶǵİ̶˵ϣͳذڰ϶ϻһ׼ͷѪ
Ƕǰʹİţ·Ѿ֪Լˡ
Ӱ٣
û֣ٻٻߣ˻䣬Ȼһϣʼ˵ɱڡ
ʵʱãǷħǿºãѡһڡ
Сһͣⱻ巢֣ûԥֱӽ˳ȥ
ǿٶȼ죬գۼԽ׵ľ룬ĺ󱳡
Сı󣡡
ʱеķħȻʲôæڵͷѪ巢ʾ
ΪһĺʦӦҲ൱죬廹ûзתħѾһָ󣬷ų˸䡣
ǿںȻײһ𣬴۵˲ڽš
ѽ
弫ֵʱȻо´ʹ۵ɿеħȡ
ĽεĶߣȽǣ
׵ķħʹߴ״̬ǱˣֻʱĶǽٻħƵģҲû취뿪
𣡡
ħά䣬ʩʹһȦ˲佫ճޡ
ͳһƿ߼ⶾħҩ
Ȼϴ͵ϮɹҪѧУʱ˰
ˮĻĹף壬ʵ൱ǿģԺŻиħıߡ
žǸոڣþѻǹڸոǸʮ״̬£Ҳϴɹ
ûô򵥣
ըѣûƵǿ䣬Ҳû̫ãûɥ¶һЦ
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һΣ巢ԶȸոջҪҵĺ۾ͶͬʱѪֱָס塣
ԭոӳ֮󣬽žӳ롣
߱ںȽⶾħҩʱԶ̿볯˹ȥĺϡ
ûӰ
˭ûͽܴսḻķħϵʹæûӰγ롣
岻һֻܸһЩСˡ
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ȻҲһ㣬ʹһ߼άֹٱϮһ߾ҪʹӰ뿪
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Ҫħ䣬ص㣬гʱħͻԽ
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ءħҪʦѪħȣħʦѧͽħĻǿԣǰ㻹֪ڤ͵ʩý顣
ӸƶɭǱħۡȷȷǱʵħ飬֮ǰġ
ܾרһϣҲоȻ
ǣǱħۣȷʵȷģӦÿԺŪܾһʱ䡣
Ҫľʱ䣬ʱԽãʵԽǿҪ֤δһܾҪ׽ȫ



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һʮ ΧŹĻ


Ż߱κ­һһֱƽ˵ҽ䣬æҪٴɡ
κΣĲٿ·ӦҲܿ죬ȽϷɨ㣬Ѿٴ˻
ۿ̫㲻ֻ׼俴ܲӲ
ȻʱһʽƤп˵Ӱһ˽ǰ棬ý˵Ļ
ԭˡųٷɻӳŦԼ˹
Ȼ˻ߵĻ
ǰǸ˵ĶƣȻĽ»Ҳһľȡ
ߵĻлʣһǰ˹ӵµĺܶ߼սף޷赲ƻԹ
ϧ˧һ룬ӳöƵ»ߵͱԷһƶȷ˳ȥ
߳ǿĻ޼᲻ݵǿƻ
ҡ
ٴͷŵҽȡʱ䣬ȴǻȷӳ󣬾һ粽ǰ̧־ͳ
һħȻöԷٴεҶ𣬵ǰȱĳࡣ
æһһַ˶˹ȥ
ոսŷɨԶڶ㿪Էͬʱħػ
ڻѾһħĹ򣬶Էܸϼȭ˳ڳȭʱ򣬴ϷŸ
ݣ
ʱһ֧ͻȻԶ׼˻߽źµϡ
䣡
ͷըѣߺŸµըһСӣ˲׼׷ĻߣһĲŤ˽
ʱһս׵ĴӣҲԶһٶȺȻײ˻ߵĺ󱳣ֱӽײſ˵ϡ
ֶ˹˹
Ϊҫ
ŭ𣬷ŽŴϣܽųǹǴԶһԾڻߵıϣ䲱ӡࡢҪȥ
ϸ͸ӣǹֱţҲϡ
Ҫһ¾͸ˣϧֻ߱սףֺҪһ˵
ֻ˿ûͣ٣ϵĽһ任ʹԭſŵ״̬תŵ״̬
˫ǰɨλ˹ӵкպսʿôһȫɨ˳ȥ
ʱ֮ǰײߵֶ˹񣬸ϽԼĴͷҪǰȴǱһ߷ɵʮ׿⡣
ڻ˫ֳŵأ׼ʱһʮԶ׳ħȻ֣ͷĲסˡ
ǽûó䣬ħ
߼״ҪֱħһӰŶƴȻֱöƶס˻ߵĴϡ
Ǹոձɨɵӳٴγ
˹̺ɳ
ʱջһ˿񵽱壬Żŵĵһġ
ʱӲصһ˿ƣȻɳһ㣬·ȥ
˹̺ɳĪħԽκһɳһ㣬̤ĵص
ӳƶ죬ָɹʿŮսʿϣܽѹȥ
˺֮£һһС
ֱ弴ȫûʱ˲Ŵ

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ʱһӰԶƿն˽Աߡ
ǴɵսףӦˡϹæᡤ˹ˡ
Ҳɣ
̣СĵĿһѾָƽĵ棬΢һ
ûô򵥣ס߶ã
ʱȴüͷ˹
ȻĻ䣬ոʧĵ棬Ȼһǿһӿ
Ƭ̺׶ߵĻߴӱըĴһԾ
һ𣿽ҰɣǼʶһƵ
üͷ壬ŵЦЦȻ˻ߡ
ֻսֱװ𣬾ôڿ͵һתɫļʱŻߵת˺üȦ
ǺȷˣȻûнֱг룬Ȼؿڴǳǳ˺ۡ
ʱĿǰΪֹ˶ûа쵽ġ
˹ܺãסٸʮ£
˹˵Ȼܸ˺۾ʱһ
ѲľǼ᲻ɴݵֻҪܶ˺ôһϣĥҲܽԷĥˡ
ȻʱȴЩεĻظ
˼ʹս׵ҲֻͷųһΣ
һΣ
һ£ʱͷĺߡ
ȷ֮Ը㶨ս𣿡
ʱŤͷ



һʮ Ĳ²

˵ͷ
ԣ֮ҪȻߵ³ǿϧû취
ûϵ֪ôˣ
ŤͷŶƵӳ
ӳ޽˹𣿡
첽ŶƣһؿŻߵӳ
ʷٷһµ˵ͷ
Ȼʷϳһģһ뵽˿Խߵİ취ˣҪʱȥһ»أ
ûǴĻӳҲ֮
û⣡
ʷٷԥһ£ǵ˵ͷ
ʦ֮ǰѾȫˣһһħĺӡ
ʱȻԷ˵ҵ˿Դݻǰֲİ취ԸŶԷġ
취סһססˣȥ֮
˽һЩ±ƵӳͬʩһƯ䣬·Żطٵķ˹ȥ
һ԰ﲻæŽ뿪ź૵
֮Ӧôȥ𣿡
ħԽ⿪֮ȥŶѽǸöƵļһʲôá
첻֪û⿪¶ķӡֻ֮ʱѡһ˰ˡ

ֻܾء
ʷٷ֮ڵĵط
ӳǰѴӣ
ң˵ֻа˹ӵµǸſ𣿡
ʷٷȻЩ㲻ʲôߵ֮ǰ
ʱҲʷٷɻ͵
֮ƺһֿĵӡͨеħ֣Ҫ֮ҲһҪˣֻҪܾĿ飬ͬԣ
ĿǰҾпܾסģֻжӳˣ
ʲôħ϶ǲڵģǣֻҪ˵˭֪ѡ
Ͼħ޷͵ģҵĿǰΪֳֹĸħͷǳ棬һħҲ˵Ĺȥ
ʷٷԵ˵ͷһץס֮Ĵ
Ȼʹ̧֮һ׵ʱ֮ȻֶһǰĳŸոսĵط˹ȥ
ţͿǱߺȻըףžĴƲȥ
ӳǻȥ
ʷٷƤпˣٵĳŸոյս˻ȥ
շɵսͿһɫսףźɫ磬˦֮磬ֱһУ˸ϡá
ֽһǧôӼɣչֵ쾡¡
Բۣʲô
ʱҲЩ±ơ
ļƻǼȻʱ޷֮ӳҲһ֮ӳսҲ͡
ʱӳ㶨˻ߣ취ôȥ⿪ϵķӡ
ڣ˭ܸķӡô⿪ģ
ʦ̫ˣû뵽㾹ȻĽ⿪˸ķӡ
㶨ߺ󣬿֣֮ɵǰһӵ
Ǹ±ˡ
ȥʺ֮ŵңҪȥúú͵̸̸֮ܵǰһȥͼ𣡡
ӵɹʿŮսϣܽ˵һŴӳ˹ȥ

ƶɭոô£
ʷٷºҵһֱһȺعԶǹ֧ԮĿƶɭ
һ˽֪뿪顣
ԭʷٷ뿪󣬳⣬ҶǸʩֶεŻߡ
ڿøִɧŹɹʿŮսʿϣܽǿԶͨ༸Ӳա
ӥ۰ͶٺͿƶɭüʸǹ
ȻǵĹ޷Իһ˺Ҳɹס˻ߡ
ûãһԵȻ׵Ļð磬Ȼһɫս׼һ֮
ڣ˶Ϊǽӳȥأҵ˽¶ӡİ취
üͷ˼Ƭ̣ȻһȻԸ̾һ䣺
ϵ
ո¼ͷβһ飬ȻֽǰһЩţ뵽һֿԽ͸ոĿܡ
ǾǣҲ¶ûгߣ˵¶ڷһУ֪ġ
һ룬¶ΪһͳŽΪǿ񣬼˪͵͵밢˹ӵµı⣬ܲ
Уûа¶ͬ⣬ķΪʺţ˾ôȥԼٺķұ˪˲£
Ҿôɺϣձջᵽ򣬰¶ˣⲻŸΪΪˡ
ԣǰǰ֮䷢飬һ󵨵Ĳ²⡣
ǾǴʼһУǰ¶λ֮ƺõģһӣһͿ顣



һʮ ǰ˹ӵ

ڽҲλ֮¶֮ǰͿСеĲҲ˴Ըϵļȱݡ
ΪܹСеĲܹôӵԸõƣΪһϸİ˹ӵ¹ǻ죬˳ˮûнҴļƻ
ôһڵԸĽԴͺսԸ񣬶ȫ̿ԼӣʲôΣա
Сһ񫣬ʺ֪ʹ˴Ĵĸĸ͸綼ǰġ
󣬴Ϊ˺ϸĹСϼʮͽ䣬ȴλ˷ųǸؼһϲ
ֻڳһСС⣬Ǿһ˾ȻĿ֮ʩӵ֮
϶ǲеġ
ڵҲﵽҪ󣬸ı˺ܶ࣬˳ƽ⿪ķӡػٻ֮
ȻһжֻǽĿǰĲ²ˣʵʲôǾҪʰ¶˲֪ˡ
ĿԻͦģôôɺϡ
һ𷴶ͷ
ΪͱʾȻеһжڰ¶ļ£Ҫɱǿ϶ܵˡ
Ѿ֪ʵòȨȷصǵʱǸ鷳
Ψһ߾ǹ˹Ͱɯ̣ҪԸĻܲһ㣬ʱһ㣬ͺͷ
һ֪ãһذ˹ӵ£ʵҲûʲô
ɾܹ֮ڣ˶֪ǲ鷳
Ҳ˵ֻܾߺܾƵ֯Ǳ֮ǰЩڰ֪ˣǲС鷳
ҪֻҪӵܽ˹Ͱɯ
ǿԽ˹ͰɯСܣǿɲǳ֮ơ
˹ͰɯԼİ˺ѣкܶ޷Ĵڣ͵磬ⲢҪġ
ǵ򲻵ѵĵز𲻻ô
ôܱأ
΢˼һ£аһ

ʮ幫ﴦʺŴ͵㡣
дħţԿ׵һЩħŵЩͨĵط
ڵϿŲʺŴʱԲͼа˼
Ⱒ˹ӵµħ͡ءħҲ֮ͬģ
ܱߣʱվһȺˣпƶɭӥ۰ͶٵܾعҲŶƵӳдŸսµᡤ˹ˣһ˹ӵս׵ɹʿŮսϣܽ
ʱһӰٷŴӵ
ǣлǵİӽԺǿ԰ҿѡڣҪһ¼£Ƚٻǣ
ɹʿŮϣܽվڲʺͼϣϵһڰ˵лȻմ
ķʺţķķҪ㣡
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ʱ˲Ŀ£̧ߵԱߣ
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ҪĿǰ׵¼ӶϣֵлˣŮѼ⣬ҪλΰСʦˡ
ԣʦȥ˹ӵһˣȻûġ
ҽֳʵҲǷͬһ㣬ڻ֪ʲôнʦڣ˵ܰϴæ
ûʲôµĻȽҪˣȻҲòʺ
ңӦ˼򣬵ȴ飬ͻɲʳˣ

һʺƿնԲͼϡ
˵Ӱڱʺֺ˲ԭʧˡ
Լһʱ䣬ǰѾīݵĻĵأһ̻Ի͵Ĵ͵
͵ľͷһʰ쵵Ĳʺţֱͨһΰ׳۵ľ޴Ǳ
ɲʺ֮Ÿˣ
ոһϢʺŶѣҷ棬Լ񵽣ȨȣŦԼĴս
ԣֻҪòʺ֮Ŷˣ棬ץڰ˹ӵ¼ţȻҲͲҪٵݱ¶ˡ
㰭飬ᱻ¶ظʮϰ꣬ôصУظܸ߰Ҫеİɣ߰ʱҲȫˡ
ʺ֮ŵĶѺҷӦǳ¶ԭԤϵģڰ¶ӦҲǼӷֵģƲ
֮ǰʹʺ֮ôҪĶһ˻ô죿
Ļشǣʺ֮ӾŽͨˣľӾ޷ִŽ磬Žܶطܶжҷ
ҲΪôĿǣžһ˰˹ӵ¡



һʮ ɱ

ʺŴ͵ڣһɫؼ׵ĺķεڵϣԱ˪˵ʬ塣ȻոΪܿʺţҲˡ
չ˺ķȥ
״֪ɹ϶ˣ˵һ䣬һ˦ɹٷ˹ȥ
ǰȥ
뿪ϣܽźķƺ˵Ĳᣬ
ɹʿæͷͬ⡣
ǶֻܵĴսʿɲʲôħҪƺķƣȥȺóƵʦ
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ȻԿףϾǿˣԿײһܹãʱʺŶˣزȥ˾ˡ
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ϣܽһ
Ȼ
ħȳźķһָ
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͵ħâںķǱ˪ͱ˵ӣʼ
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ɹʿϣܽʱ󾪣Ž˵
鷳չһºķȥ
ãｻҰɣ
εĵ˵ͷ
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һߣɹڵİ¶֮֮ǹ׼¶ɱֵı˪֮ͷƣҲǳԼ˸̡
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ϧɱͷûãĺƻûüչͽɹҴܡ
ֻ֮ǹ͵ϮʱɣȻŰ˹ӵսʺ֮ų˹ȥ
ԣعҲûйϵֻҪʺź䱬Լٺķƾһ֮˪ȡľ޴ҲԻð˹ӵİ
·˵·ɹʿŮսϣܽܿͱ֮ǹſˡ
ȻҪʺŴ͵ʱһӰ˴͵ſڡ
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ǰҴҸ¶һ˿΢Ц
⻹øص˰
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׵¼ӶصķʦÿֻҪÿºҳΪ˹ӵµҪʲôҶ㣡
Ȼ׽ѲҪǸһǰ֮ǹʺԼٺķ
ʵ֮ǹҲǸɲġ
ˣϧƷУҲ㣡
Ҳ˵һϲƭˣĵģҲҰ¶ɻûء
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һȻڽ
ԭոûͽ̸УûԭһӰǱе󣬴֮ǹֱͱӡ
ңûôף
ʱĽǿųģʽǺûǱеʱѾ֡
ħһӣֱӷ˲Ҫʩħ嵯ɳȥǽϡ
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ǴӰ¶֮ǹ֮ǹֻʣħˣħͺǺһЦ
ĿǰΪֹͿħûпʹʲôԵħ
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Ӧٴӳ˵ħ䣬䡣
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ʦħӱȽϸߵ涯ʱһ㲻ȫͻ䣬Ϊá
Ժͷ䣬ڱĻϿΪħ䣬涯ħٸߣֻҪ̫Ҳûа취ѡ
ҲǸѡ
ħѧĶ࣬Ȼɢʹû취һħӵ£ԵʱֻҪ˽⵽Է鱨óԵķ
һζսʱ֪𻹺սһ
ڣԵħһֱɱ
ʱһӰȻأǻָ֮˹
ȻҪôƷˣΪѾ廨˲ʺ֮ϣһĴܡ



һʮ һҹ

Ӵʲôô࣡
ɹĳ͵ķڣʱµĽĬĬĴԼ塣
ȻԼϵСʱ˶ʱˡ
ԭӡءعʱҲֻʣ¼ǧСˣһֱƵʹóģʽ˲١
ڣСȻֱʮš
ʮŰҪǷƽŦԼֹöò궼һԡ
ֱǣһҹ
ϸ˺һףΪʲôôСˡ
ֹƻضС˵ģӦò࣬ϾľҲûж٣һҪǳȥġ
ΣӦþɱûгɹʺź䱬Լٺķһ硣
ҲҪģΪʹûͰ¶ԼٺķǲܾٵģСǾͲֻʮš
ҲпܵСԴӦΪĳֹ֣˲ʺŵĶѣӶþŽû˷ҡ
ʺŵĶѣԭоǻᷢģΪĳ֣ܱһ
һ룬ԼÿϳȥɻôСǣȻܵīżʱ䣬ͻȡ˴СǣҲǲһ̾
ȻֻҪгӢ۵ĵطضѵķ
ʵǲȷģʵΪѵķгӢӦ˶ͬʱӢһ㡣
ӱȷѣгӢۡ
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Σһ𣬸ֱʮСǡ
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Ҳ˵ԸĻһʮСʱȫԡиá
áԡѧϰáԡڤЧʣʵǲǡ
սʱҲ˼ɵĿսĸɡ
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һСһӣһСʱʮţһʮĸСʱһǧİٶţҪСǴԽС磬á
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ӽԺ󣬻˵ڰ굽һʱڣҲΪСǶˡ
ʮ򣬳Ҳ̵ֲܼһʱ䣬ټƽʱڿһЩÿȥεһȦܹ黹һЩ

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ܾЩԾ
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˹ӵ֮˪ֵܹ֮ϵãǱ˪Ͱ˹ӵ˾Ҳսˡ
ǰ¶ҲǴһֺƣ



һٰʮ һͿ̩

ȻЩԣʵҲǺҪ¶ʲôɼƻûϵ
ֻҪ֪ᱻڵζʮ꣬ǾͿˡ
ʮҲͲΪʵݱ¶ˡ
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ӦûǻģϾҪռޱʯֻͲ֪˭ʲôʱˡ
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ѣһ׸ߵľ޴ɫţȻ˽ǰ
˵ʵ˹ӵ˻ĺϲɫʿ׺ǽɫģǽɫذǽɫģǽǽɫģ˹ӵ´Ӹ߿¿ȥ󲿷ֵǽġ
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ͷŵǣλŽǿ߰¶ҲĿǰΪֹΪǿĴڡ
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ʱһԵСС̫Ҳһ
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ûϵƣʵãһЩˣǿһȾƣľƿɲ׵¼ӶصĲ
𲻹кŮҪѵʱǾõѡ
ĵһģλص
´ιһҪúóһ
ͨ˵ָ֮ʿԶֹ

ˣעһϵķִ磬ħʦûôã
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ˣƭӣħһǴڵģʦǻħ
ϣɯСŭָŵľֳ
ʱԱߵıʦ˹ȥ
ɯ˭˵໰ģ
ɯʶ˲ͣת첲ָ˹˹
ʦʱۿ˹˹˹ŮĿ⣬ǳ˳飬εĵ˵ͷ
һԵĽ״Цҡҡͷ
ɯѾʮһˣȻжʵöҲһЩ໰ȻҲܶ࣬



һٰʮ èս

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ʱϻһתʼֱеֹһЩսƵϡ
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ڿзֱַһȫͻ˯㶨ͨ˸û취ֿħ
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ԷȽ͵ʱҲֱŴգӵۼûУûͲ֮Ļеá
ÿֹﷸ嶼᲻̫ãΧƻҲȽϴ
ԺҪ͸ϽܣȫҪģ
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˵һﻹͦɧģ
ŵڽ鱦Ľٷ˺󣬻Ŵӳͷ˼ɧposeҲЩ
ʵҾʦĳӢۣĺܲÿ춼׼ʱ°ˣİȫҲ˸ıϣ
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˸ϲжð׼Ӻڶˡ
˹ĸ̾𲻽Եͷ
Ȼ񵱳ӢۻЧġ
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٪޼ͳµӰˣôûӢʽĽŦԼ
ԭոս³ɽʱƶɭͨ˫澵ǶŵӢʽ



һٰʮ ֵܾļ

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˵ɨٶȴź͵涥ҹȫеٶȣܹķɻˡ
ѹԭйҹ룬ӻȵ׶ħֻһʱ䡣
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ʮӵʱ䣬ٴοֵܾҺĸ
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Сģʲôˣ
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٣٣ʦǰװ壬棡
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Խ洫˿ƶɭЩȵ
Ȼû뵽չҶħƵʮӵʱ䣬Ȼ͵ˣĸλÿŦԼһξ롣

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ƶɭŸõĻʿװϣԱߵҹҲһ
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ֳĺʦС㷢ֻ֣ӵĲǣ
ƶɭüͷ塣
ʦʼյĸйٶǳãڸϣǲͬġ
Ϊһع



һٰʮ 

ʦʵݱҪڱֳʵѾԽԽǿʵݣδһ⣬ǿܾһ޴в
ˡᶨ
ΪֵܾľֳҪƿȫ֣˵ʦӳҲȫļ¡
г˵ĴڣǼʹû⣬ҲҪǱڵΣȥǰԤһ⣬ͻֲ
ܾһֱõߡ
һߣź̿Ľ𣬺ܿٴηص˻ʺ
մӴڽ䣬һԾ˺ӿռ䣬ڶӿռʱõģֻһƬƺغһ򵥵ľݡ
ʱʮݻȻһµĻʿվڲƺϣȴŽĲٿء
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¶һ˿Ц
ֵܾ磬᲻ЩʿֽţҲġ
Ϊ˽İ취
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ܶħС粢ûʲôǿĿƼЩʿҲĳЩʱΪ𵽴á
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ֻҪ磬Щʿͻһֱھ磬ܾȻҲʲôϢò
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һħâʿĻеϣʿڽûʹÿ˲ֻвϵ˸ź⡣
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ȻʱЩƷʶͻὥƣȻһҲǻۡ
Ƚϵ͵ľǻȵķԺñĴѧԺʼ˵һ˼άһɹ
лȵػʯУ칫ҵǸˮʯޡɪħʦЩӵȵȶǡ
ľе䣬ʮݻʿ飬Ȼӵлǻۡ
ʱ㲻ٿҲܸսˣҺʵˣŸЩʿһЩħ졣
ǲӵִƼħĸּӳɡ
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ʮݻʿȫ󣬲뿪ӿռ䣬Լķ䡣
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ˣʱȥѧϰѱͷӡħˣ
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СĴԽȴһµʱѾмˣǵŽЩʿѾʼԽˡ
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˫һգһˡħʦѧͽ硣
Сʱǻͨģڻȴ˰ʱ䣬뿪Ҳаʱˡ
ŷɨǸʵңûнţѾܵǿħ

̧ʵҵĴš
þò򣡡
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ŵ˾Ȼ뿪˰Ľ𣬴϶ʱ¶˾ϲɫ
ڴǵľˣҲǺһѧϰħʦֵܡ
İͶĺҲǾϲĴŵҡ



һٰʮ 쭵ħʦȼ

һѺʼ졣
򵥵ĽһԼؼҺһЩ飬ʵ͹˹ɯ˵ճֻصĳӢ
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ԶʱȻҲѹְͶָǱһǧİˣ򵽺ãֻԼ̸
ͶѰҵ÷ħĴߴһΪʦ÷ֵԸĪȣһҲΪ˾ȳԼӡĪǧİάݿ
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ĺĪȣԼǧİˡ
ѾԸٵôʮʱˡ
ĳ֣˿ǰɼƻĿܡ



һپʮ ħԼħ

30ĽܴǸħʦ200ĽȻʵܲԼǾҪȴǿϲֹһ㡣
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Ҫ֪ڡħʦѧͽ磬ڵʱ2010꣬ħʦִ⣬ͨ˵ĿƼˮƽǰ2010ĿƼˮƽһġ
2010㿴˿ԷкһִĻˣǳԾ޴
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ʱ
հͶ˼ѧԦħԦԦʹҲԣǲǡءЩ涯Ԧʹ
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ﲻϿɣǲǾ޷Լ
ϵȷˣԼϿ㣬޷ԼģҲԡ
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ֻҪ㽫ˣߴ򵽱״̬һԼɹҲǷǳߵģ
Ҳ˵򲻹ľͨøжȻȡϿǩԼĹģԸʹԸǩԼ
˲˰Ͷ˼
ʦħ𣿡



һپʮһ Լ

ᵹǻᣬħûʲôʵԣЩͨĶ̫̣ܶԼǻ罫̬ħѧøã
ڰͶԼЩûõĶ̬Ĵ񷽱
ʦҾǶֹϵħͦȤģ
ͨﵱȻûʲôãءǸֲͬĻԼǧٹӵи涯õĺõĻ𵽴á
磬ֻػܹİȿ࿴أ֣
һǺӿռ䣬ŦССôȫԼħԼһ涯ɵĴ
ʱһУĻڿз裬ˡ޹֡۾롢ȵڵ棬ͦġ
ԺܻῪС磬Ҳܶǿħ
ãԼħѧˣܹǿʵħ
˲Ӷ࣬ʱħҲ٣ǿԶһġ
ҪԼôħʵ϶ҲҪģپħҪ㹻ǿС
ƺʮѧͶҲûȰ裬ӦпվͽϵԼħڸ
˵ʵԼħĲʲô򵥵ħ漰;ħ
Ѷȶ֮ˡ
ҲǸոȰҪѧϰħԭ
˷ѵľջȫȡ

ʮ󣬿ռڡ
Ÿӵָڿлһħơ
Ƭ̺һ临ӵԼħ󣬱ǰ
йӵģѧôãڳɹʩչˣ
ʮʱ䣬󲿷ʱ䶼ԼħѧϰϰϣĿǰǿ
˵ʵѧϰôħУԼħѶȣȷǰ
÷ַ͡ԡ˫ؼӳ֣ټǰʱӰ˹ӵ½ӴħУҲѧ˲µħԭ
治һֻʮʱ䣬ܳԼħ
հͶľ飬ԼħָѶȵħǰܶħʦҪʱ䣬ܹǿա
ʱҲ֣ԼͣԼħ֪ʶ۷Χʵķǳá
Ȼѵľʱ˺ܶ࣬ǻҲȡ
ܶħһ㣬һۿȥѧˣһЩһЩģò˶Ҳܿա
ûˡԡѧϰħٶȣҲһЩħʦ
ʱԼħƿصԽ࣬⣬񶼸һ
ɣԼڰ˹ӵħϣЩƿάȵħǲǾΪ磬㹻˽⣬ƿһάȣΪάħ

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ǰѾɹ̻Լ󣬽ĿתǱͷţͷŵ
ŵŤͷԼĽ𣬶ʱһ
Ȼ꣬ŵѾ֪ռǰǸǵġ
ΪÿƤԷͻϼħ໽С
ţͷŵתȥβ˽Ȼ۲ĲʼԼţͷ
ǲٿѾ͵Լ󣬻ߵŵǰ棬¶ҳĵЦݣ
СŵѽðְָǸ£ǰְֵˣ
ŵţͷĽȻ֪˵ʲôʶĺһ
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ŵԲ̫ϵӣһŹѺֶΧ˸ָ
ŽָΧһͷɽȻȻڰб˵ѪƤڲƺϵϷһֻĿȫ
СŵѽϲԵĿȫֻҪðְָǸ£ˣô
ŵѾԼеʲôʣţͷٿ˿Ŀȫ˲ͻСٲ
ԥǰ̤һûȽ׼ʼԼʱջ˽Ų
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СǾƲԳԷư
ŵϣ¶ΣյĿ⡣
ԼħҪɹҪôöԷͬ⣬ҪôǴ򵽶Էͬ⡣
СŵȻѡһ֣ôֻܸڶˡ
ڽҪʩչħСŵ֪ΪʲôʱСŵ·ʲôǰһһĵĽͷ˽ǰ
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СŵԹԵӣ˸׼ֵħ
Լ
ԼСĴСȻСŵͷһͣתԼħʱû˵ͷС
ͬʱһҫ۵ħâ󣬽Сŵͬʱ۾
ٴ۾󣬽ǿʼֳ΢Ц
ΪʱȻܵŵ뷨˵Լɹˡ



һپʮ ħĳ

ǰ
ŵ
ŵʱǰ

ŵַǳ
ЩɻԼΪʲôôԷĻ
ԼħɺԸĻ֪ŵ뷨ܶ
ֻҪŵһٷְӡ
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Ϊ˲ŵǷȫԼκڽʱŵ˸ָѶȵĲԡ
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һСʱŵĽһͷ
ŵһ޿ſ˵ϣ۵һ
һСʱˣ֮ǰ˵õĿɽûˣǰ˹
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ʱһֱվһԵҲЩȥˣ۵ǰŵͷȰ
ԼħֻҪɹûгֹܿƵ㲻ôģ
ʱСŵչԼ·ĸһίᡣ
˺ˣҾǲһ£˳һŵ㿴֪ԣϾֳˣ
״һӣõɽӵŵǰ
ڽֻŵû껹ãһƻǲС
ʧصĻӿռĶɾͶҪˡ
ŵһĿɽĻʲôίڴڵ˺ҧ
ҡҡͷ
һԺ󲻻ֵɲɣ

УЩȻɣǷеķʽ׻ûнͱĪȵħ
ŦԼ⣬Ͷſзеʮݻˣ¶˵ǵɫ
ЩʿŽºͱĻƽзУȻֱٶȺܿ죬շתŲȴʮֵĲ
ֻҪԤһ·еĹ켣׾ͻᱻħ
Щ˲ûħħĵֿܵͣĪȵħˮƽʮݻ˶ŵ磬ͻᱻϡá
Ҳûа취ʦ˵ģĪ״̬Щ˵ӵ͸ڶЧģ
ڻʿҲףϾ͸ս»ûȵġ
ԷħʦôЩڿûǹڵȺŹƣ𵽼õġ
ϧʱ򱻷ڿĪֻ꣬˽ƣȫЧ
⼸죬𡢴ͰͶһֱģ⽫ĪȷųĹһʧ
ĪΪʷĺʦڰͶôΪ
ڿʿķģʽɡ
Ļش𣬰Ͷԭ˼Ȼ̧ͷ
ҲǿΪǰϳ򣡡
ϳ򣿡
¶ɻı顣
ʱͶЩ̧̧ͷ
֪ʦûзħǰõõħʲô𣿡
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ȻͶֻжʱһ֪˰Ͷ˵װϳ򣬵Ǹʲô˼ˡ
̬ħҲᣬΪҪѧϰħ̫ˣ̬ħֱֲתս̬ħоûô
ʱѧϰħʱһЩ̬ħ֪ʶ
ߣȥһЩΪĶ

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ͰͶŶʮְٴλص˽⡣
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Чְ忪ʼڻΣȻĻֻ޴ĸȻħҫ£εĺһŻʿһ
ͣͶһĻʿĺ󱳣һصħʱͻʿ֣ħӦγˡ
ˣ
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ʱһŻʿʱĳɳѾٿĿİ˵ˮƽ
Ҹоܺã
ֻһŻʿһ͵һȣ˲һֻһ
ʱĻʿûпƽķȫڱǶԸȶ
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տѧԭɵĳ򲻹ٴΪҲܺĳͨȶɣһʿҲᡣ
ħôʱʿһڿʮֵ
͵ͶֻȫĴһȴʵڡ
̬ħԺҲҪʱպоһ°
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ȻܰϳδǲǻһЩսеʿˡ
ʱһЩӰʮ˰ѧƵ˵Ҳͦá
սԶ̶ˣ



һپʮ սĪ 

ƽ
һŻ˿ºͱĻƽٶٴ
ʱ˸һŻʿڿеķٶȺ̶ȣѾȫĸսס
ֻûиսôȽ͹ܡ
ҷӦҲҪսºüΣϾõĲϲ໹ͦġ
Ҳ⣬Ժ취ħȥӹ̣ҵõĲ滻
ҲȥԭֻĻʿ˵ԺĻΪ
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Ŵʱʿķ״̬Ͷĵ˵ͷ
̬֮ͬħʮһݻʿװ˸
Ϊ777ĳħʦͶħɲ⣬ʮݻʿװ򣬶ֻǼ¡
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μæϹĴ򣬿ϷеʮݳųĻʿҲ˲±ˡ
˺ͳʲôϣһʱ뵽ľǡʹʡ
ˣʦ̬ħʿ˵ǷӵҲ죡
֣𽫸ոշһк˱顣
⻹ħͿѧĽϣ̫ˣ
ո̾꣬ͱͶ󺰹ȥڵϹϰ
ڵĴȻ͵÷ֻû취ȣ1000ħǿս𵽲Сõġ
ħ־ԣûܱȵĹ
ԭȴħдﵽ÷ֵˮƽյģΪʱһ˾ɸ㶨ֻʣĪȡ
Ҫʮʱ䣬ͶȲˡ
ڵĹƻΪȻʮݻ˵ĳǿĪȵħɽʹһ𹥻
Ŀǰϰľ֮ϣʱĪȳֺһʼͱǿ
Īȵħ󣬱һħУҪˣ˻л֮ϾͷǳҪ
˲ϵϰУԤɱĪάݿӣˡ

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ҲǰͶƻսĪȵһ졣
ŦԼƫԶһ˵Ļĵ֮ϣͶóӡĪȵĶ˹ޣصĽ˵ϣԱ߷̺ŨħϢĹӡ
վŵǴݲȵĽԼЩŵĴ
ֻħָİͶ󣬶Ŷ˹һ֣Ƕ˹޵˲䵯ħɳ۳һϤӰ
֮ǰӡħ֮˹
Ȼ˹ȫ۳ͣͶٴһ֣ʩչǿķӡħڰͶħ£˹ٴɢħ棬ӡԱߵһС
ڲɱ˹ʱҪĻǽĪȡ
ʱƻʧܣɱĪȣͶҪ·ӡĪȣ˹ΪΧĸӡ󣬻Щõġ
·ӡ˹󣬰Ͷ⿪ڶӡĺʦŮСųȻӡһС
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ڴĶˣڳˣ
ǸŮӳ󣬵һʱЦа
ʦǲάݿĪȣж
𿴰ͶȻڷ㶣Ͻ
ͶԶʱ˹֪ڻǷ㶵ʱӦһ䣺
ռƻ£
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ռάݿĪŤͷͶ¶˼Ȳмı顣
һšššĺššţж
֮ǰĪڵλô
Žһ£Īڵĵ£ͻȻʮֱֻۣȻ󽫵󣬶Īȿʼе
ԭڿʼ֮ǰͽݻʿ˶˹ޱ⿪ӡ·
ΪĪռάݿҪɱĪȾάݿĵһҪ취Īȵάݿȥ
ĪȻôԸ뿪׵õ
ԣҪȵ絽û취



һپʮ սĪ 

ʦڣ
ĪȱͻȻֵĵĻʱ޷ʩչħŰͶ˸ɫ
Ͷ󲻸ҵ粽嵽Īȵǰ
ʱҲռƻʱֹͣ˵
Īʱ޷ָħͶٵʩչ֮סĪȣȻ͵һ㽫ĪȵǿԼڡ
ʱҲѸάݿǰȫĵطܽս
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Ͷ󲻸ҵ󣬸ĪȵԼʩչǿнĪȵƳ塣
Ȼ͵Ϯңȥ
ĪȵӰͶɳ˲ԶĿյϣһźɫȹţ˫һϣһǿޱȵĻֱŽڵط
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ԤʱҲԤϡ
ĪȵմӰͶбϳȥʱʹѾʼ׼ħˡ
ΪԷһͬʱóԼΪóķħ
ʩչ䣬õǿܡ
Īȵħ¶ȼߣƺдħڽʹ˵ĵӷ֮£Ǳʱ
ҿֶܼã
Īħӿ¶ȶʱһ
ͿܣҲħĸ£һ˿˿Ѻۡ
ųƿԵ³󲿷ħ䣬ʱȻⲻ۵ħĿҪҪϴͬĿ١
ɼǳħ棬ʵͬħʦʹɱҲǲͬġ
ڣʱİͶҲڻָ״ֻ̬һѸ˻ĹΧ
ȻڽʹĪħʱ˫һ꣬һ˲ͣٵĳĪ˹ȥ
״̬µĪȻʵҪ½٣ͨħҲ޷˺ΨԵħһá
Ҳֻ𵽲ã޷һ
ΪĪȵ˲䣬ĵﴩ˹ȥ
ֵħȻܶҵ˺
Ȼ˺󣬵һҲȷʵЧĪһĻħ
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ΪͿɱң
ʱĪ˿ţһЦ󣬾Ȼ˫ӣͬһڽ˵ȫ
ԭ屻ڴ򴩵˲䣬Ѿڵԭֱ˳

ڣҵ
մɣôܸ㶨ģĪ˲ѧȻЩϣҲûг˵ļƻΧڡ
Žһһֱûڰеʣݻˣ͵һѸ½Īȵͷ
Ȼ󣬵䣬״̬µĪٴ뵽ħҵ״̬
ɵƯ
ĪٴУһϲǺͰͶ󡢴һ𣬳Ī޷ʹħʱ䣬ٵĶ俪ʼַֹںը
ÿһڹĪȵһ˿˺˺ӵһ̶Ⱥվıɢ
ƻȫ̶˳Ī˲ѧһЩ⣬Ƶˡ
ԭҪǳ⣬ֱר׼䣬Ҳûϡ
ֻ˵ʵⲻôرĻֻҪ֪˶Է㣬ȻԵļƻַϳɹĿԶĺܴ
䱻ǧ꣬ʧȥĪʵûеôǿ
С𣿻ɣ
ŰͶѹάݿӵһ𣬽ʶȤûǰ˺ĬĬĴԼ塣
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Ͼⳡսֻǲ֮һۺս̣ĪҲûдﵽܻǸ̶ȡ
СǣҲֵµСˡ
߰ɣҾǧ겻Ӧкܶ໰Ҫ˵ܶҪ
ѾǵһİͶάݿһԵĴ˵
ǸˣϱٻԼҳԷҾҪٵˣ
˸ڣ˰ͶֻһԾȥķ˹ȥ
Բһ
ðɣǶԼᣬϾһʵоħˣ
һָʮݻʹٻصӿռ䣬ŷɨ㣬Ǹʵ鷽˹ȥ
õİģڻʱ
ʵһ̶ȣȻȱٰ飬ŮֻӰͷħٶȡ



һپʮ ħ

ӡħһŷǳħкܶķ࣬Ҫ֣ӡӡ
ӡǽԷֱӷӡԼڣľ־ħѹԷ
ŵǲҪκ׼ͿֱʩչȱԷʵ߳Լ̫࣬ᱻɶȡĿȨ
ڷӡУ㽫޷ʹħ
ʦĸάݿǸӣԽҪס򲻵ѣҪԵʩչӡ
µĵʵڣͶŹڷӡħ֪ʶ
ʦף
Ͷĸ룬æ˵ͷ
ҲϲѱԼˡ
Ͷ״
ڶ֣ǸӰȫͿɿӡҪʩչַӡҪǰ׼÷ӡħ̻ӡϡ
ħħʹñӡħʦ޷ͻƷӡӶﵽڷӡЧ
ӡħʦ̫ǿôͨ˫ػطħԷӡħʦΪԴӹķӡҪһ㣬ͱҪԷӡħżΪ̵⣡
˵Ͷһ£¶Щɫ
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ͶĽ⣬ҵһֱûиķӡħص㡣
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һḻʦָܺܿץסص㣬ѧϰٶȷɿ졣
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ŦԼʵҵſڣЩ˸еĿ
ЦЦ
ûвɢϯӢǱҲһЩҪʱһģ
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ٻҲֻǺʹ򡢰Ͷɡ
˶ǿԳħʦԺȻеʱɣҪΪʵʱȻдѵʱ䣬ʱʱ仹Ҫڸõĵط
򣬽˵ĶԣҺάݿٹһʱ䣬Ҳ뿪ŦԼȥ磬ԣԺһҲҪúѧϰоħ
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Ľ
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ϧѹôͨ˵һӣΪӡŮĸжȹ
ȵԼˡˣʹǮҲûǸ;ȥˡ
߸ҵ˺ǮûУҪŮ
ԣ˰ʱһҪԼһЩ򣬿ܾһӵź
ڣڤδضܹܹ㹻ʱ磬棬θС硣
Ҫ㹻ʵԺ桢θСʱΣա
˴ͰͶ򸾣ŷɨ㣬ҵһӣϰ˷İť
һһֻصķС



һپʮ ع͹԰ҰӪ

ºϣϡ
ǲۻˣôоֳˣ
˹ڰɯԱߣȰɯ߳һͷҪһЩĽϲ¶˾ȵı顣
ǵôǰ߻Ͱɯ࣬Ȱɯһ㣬ǸС㡣
ڿȥ඼һˣ֪ͳһء
˹Աߵı״Ҳ˽һ£
ȷֳˣҲǳͣʱ֪ͳˣ
ʦΪСѧʦҲû㾪ȡ
Щ糤СȷһڲͳһأȻĿһ㣬ҲƵӡ
ЦЦͷԷû˵
ףԼֳرģڵߣҪΪһֱСصĴԽ
ȻŹ߰˸£ʵϣӿС紩ԽڣһѾʱˡ
ȷ˵Ӧʮ꣬ӽʮӡ
ҲҪߣԺҪıȽ𻹸ߣ
ʱɯͷŽ¶˲ı顣
ͷƵ
ţ̣ţ׳ߣ㿴Ҿ϶ţ̣ܳı죡
һǲôˣ
ɯһţ̣ʱСһ塣
ڰɯûбţ̸ѺȵˣΪܸоţ̺ȵġ
ţ̲㲻Ⱦܲȵģ
һ۰ɯǰѾ˴Ĺ֭¶һ˿թЦݡ
緹ÿ춼׼ûй֭
ԣɯÿϺȵĹ֭Ȼţ̱ˣ

緹˱㿪ʼʰ
˹ͱʦŽͰɯһȥ빫԰Ĺѷӹ԰ҰӪ档
ǰΪŦԼΰ⣬˹ǱȽæȻĩ˫ޣָݵһ룬Ϊͻ¼лص
֮ǰ˹ٻŽͰɯ棬ҲСתת
ںˣΪʦĳ֣ŦԼΰõ˼ĸƣ˹ļҲʼ
ټ˱ʦڵʱ⵱ȻҪˡ
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СҪֱӳԣ̵ҽǣҧһСӣ֭Ȼ١
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磬޶˼Сɽ¿档
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ʱҲŲƵħʮֻ󹫼߹ֵķ˹ȥ
ڵţֱħϣ󹫼ʱ˿־
󹫼뵽߹ʱ߹ֶʱһƺһ㣬Ҳ˲ȥҧʿתֱӳ˹ֵȥ
ƺӽ˹ֵľ޿жء
Ը
ֻʮܻʿºͱװãһٱ߹ֵǰĸ߹֣һ䣬ֱӽըĵ˳ȥ
ε߹ȴ֮ǰûˡ
·ܵ˴󹫼е߹ֵķȻȽͣһָڵĺʱ߹ֱըƤƬһЩ
ʮܻʿ״𱳺ĸڣȻдŵľ޽һŻҪߵ߹ֿ˹ȥ
ʿ屾ͺأ;޽ҲŲСټϸʱһȥ൱ɹ۵ġ
ڻһܣʮַ߹Ҫܣûκοܡ
ԣԼӵʱ䣬ոջʮֲֿ߹֣ѾһһһϢڵһˡ

Ľ𻺻˫ۣɢȥ䣬ȫع鱾壬¶Цݡ
ٴóɫС򣬷ųħǽڣŵĲ˽ȥ
Ϊħʦڵ˻ûԼʱħħߺ͸ħԶ̸ɵǸе
ʩչħҪذͱӵô֮ܳΪŵķʦأ
ߵ룬ʱ߹˫۱ʿס屻ʮþ޽ѹţֹ
Լɣ
˫ֲͣĻԼħƬ̺󣬱㽫һԼħ߹ֵͷϡ
ף뷴
Լħӡ߹ͷϺû룬ǻڱ֪߹ֵ־ڲͣķڱơ
ٷ·һ
͸ԼħԼɱֱӴﵽ߹ֵԺС
Լħܽ߹֣Ȼ߹ֹ꣬϶ֱӵɵֹܳȥȵѧ
ʱʮܻˣҲеľ޽߹ֵѹѹȥʵʵѹ
ҲﱾܵҲ߹ǧ꣬ôȥ֮ڽ𷢳в߹ֵķһӾȥ˺ܶࡣ
ûãԼħͳɹû߹ֵͷҲܹܵ߹ֵ뷨ˡ
߹֣շɹ
ʮܻʿɿ߹ֵƣʼħΪ߹ִ˿
߹ֵħҪۼףʱۼѾܶ࣬Խħ̫ܵӰ졣
߹ֵ˿ڷϺ󣬽ͽ߹ͬʮܻʿԼʮֻ󹫼ȫս˺ӿռ䡣
߹ֶ֣һǿޱȵĵơ
Ȼ߹ֵ˭˭粻һ˭ЧͨʿԷˡ
Ҳ˵շ߹ֺ󣬽Ҳ±ȺŹˡ
޸
ʩչ޸佫ƻ޸ʼӣóɫСرǽڣȻ·سǱ¥Ůϴҡ
ˮػָģԼʩһ䣬ĵķ˹ᡣ



ڶһʮ ˹ֵļ̳

뿪ѧһڡ
ҹ˹ֹϢҡ
ԺںΪɳϣԣһԼ״̬Ȼ󻺻˷ħռǱ
Ѿƽˣ
ûüд֣ռǱϾ¶˷ħһּ
ǵģΪѾ֪ǸطҲ֪˴˭
ëʣռǱϿٵд
ռǱĬƬ̣Ȼ¶ּ
Ѿ֪ʲôطҲ֪˭ң
һڣҲ˺ܶϡڡִģһУʷҵصļأҲµĲĻȥĵطǴ˵У˹ֵҡ
㣬ΰ˹ִħƷԺñһĴڣ
һ߿ٵռǱдһ¶˷ܵɫ
£ռǱĬʱˣǺܿ¶ּ
û뵽û뵽Ȼ㷢ˣǵģҾ˹ִģʮǰҸⱾռǱϣΪѡ˹ļ̳ˣ
ȻִģһУʷӦ֪ҵĴ˵
˳
֪˹ڳǱｨһܵķ䣬ֻļ̳˲ܹңȻųֲĶȣ
ȻԣҲ࣬˹ʵŵĲʲôֲĶǴıأֻҪõıأܳΪһǿʦ
ȥңΪȥ̳˹ֵıأѡеģ˹ֵļ̳ˣ
ΪóŪķħݽķӦǰܽһ׼ΪĻԣ֮ǰеĻԲ˻
ԭҾǴ˵˹ֵļ̳ˣҲǣĸ˹ܱҸӵ㣡
һ˵һ䣬ȻռǱд
ȥңȡ˹ҵıذɣ

ٴ¥ŮϴңħסҽĽռǱСߵͷȻˮһԾȥ
ʯͷְ˹յٴǶʯǽǰ
ҵĴţʶһ£˹ֵıصʲô
˷ܵĽռǱǽϣһʯǽϵһӻȻ󻺻ֿ¶ͨڲĴš
ռǱ߽ңʼԼıݡ
ۣ˹ֽң̫̫ˣ
˹ֵĵ𣿺ʷϻһ

־֮̾ëռǱд
ˣѾң
˹ֵ㵽棬أʱͿԿˣ
ռǱظ
ѽû⣡
˵ͷռǱ˹ֵ棬ȻռǱ
˻˻˻
𣬵׷仯Ͳλٱһͨ˽ǰ
˻˻˻
ʱռǱϵȴûֹͣڼ˻š
Ӻ
Ż˻ռǱ첲Թ
ôûãضˣΪʲôûг֣Ҹ첲ˣ
ʱ̫ãس⣬￴
ռǱͣһֽϻظһ䡣
ʵʱħҲǼΪ±Ƶģûѽ֮ǰҾģ߹ɱˣΪ»ȷУԭ򣬲Źرҡ
ԣ߹Ӧûڵ߲Ŷԣôôã߹ֻûгѵ˯̫ˣ
鷳
¶һ˿ͷɫԼʩ˸Ư䣬Ʈ˵ڡ
ӫ˸
ħȣռǱźĶ˽ȥ
ӺߵĽ𣬿һĹͷ̧ռǱд
ǣ˵ıأ

˹ֹϢҡ
ռǱϲϸֳּ
ûƭ㣬Ҫңǳʲô⣬Ե˹ֵıرǰ͵ˣҪҡ
ʱķħԼҲĵɻ߹أô߹أôͻ᲻ˣ
ѵǵ˲෢ҵܣȥɱ߹֣ǵ˲ֲôںʹŵģ
ôҵģ
ڿɲʱҪ취סѾŭֵĽ
ǣ㣿ҿҵˣ˹ֵļ̳ˣأôЩ޻ңɵһڴĸȥ
ҿӦý㽻˹սڣߵ˲Уǿ㵽Ǹʲô
һЦĻظ
ռǱϼæظ
˵ֻһ⣬㽫ҽ˹պ͵˲಻ʲôôңһԽħ
ˣӰκ䣬ɶҽģȻûҵأһ֮ǰĳŵȡ
ΪֲһԽ̿ȡħԷ
ҪףֻҪӵңԺͿѧܶǿħұͱء



ڶٶʮ ʦԴ

ˣˣˣ
ռǱϣħҪԼ˹պ͵˲󣬱㿪ʼϵչҼֵ¶Ʋı飬ֿ˻
Ȼٴˣ鱨ȵ£ҲѲʧ
۴ǣ۶ĵ˽⣬Ϊ϶ǲʱķħ֪֮
֮ǰ磬Ҳٵͼ󣬺ħֲˡ
ڣ֮ܽħˣתΪ˷ħе鱨ħ˽⣬һ¶Ķ꼶˹Сʦ
ħ벻һ꼶СʦһֱǰͰҵ߹ָշˡ
ðɣ֮ǰȷõħҾʱˣ
һǿӡ
ʱռǱħ꣬˿
ڵ鱨ı屻һйصСñӵķ壬ֻʣڹӲд
ЩĵĲ£Ҳȫ˰ȿֿأʳͽҲɢ
ٱǰ˹Сʦ͸˹Ǹͽǵ˲࣬ǿɾûϣˡ
ڣʱ˽⣬ѾнСжϣǸ׼˹֣̰ȨֻҪħջӦʱܿס
ֻСһڹ¶Ժ̫أƺͻķռ
ֻ취յʽԼˡ
ˣȽȡɣ
ʱˣֱҪ
ħΪٴȡýΣҲʮˬĿʼָѧϰȡ

ȡ׷ݵʷʵԴһΣյ涯Ҳè
ռǱϵĽ⣬¶һ˿죺
èĪħѧУǸè𣿡
ʷпĪħѧУһѧԺèġ
ǵģǸèèдߺͶĵʦܴӶƵħҲȡ
ȡһҪͶֵ۾ӣܹȡԷ˼롣
Ҳ⣬һЩ츳ʦڳʱȡǲ۾ӣֻҪΧǾܹȡġ
һЩȡ۷Ĵʦܶȡʱ뷨ܹ˳˼άھеļ䡭
ռǱһеּ֣𲻽̾ħźħ֮ƣħ˽⻹ĲһʦԱġ
ֻǣŷħȡкȻһЩر뷨
èԴߺͶģʦèѧᴴȡħһЩʦ;ȡ
߼ôʦħħƺ涯ĸо
ʵһֱ룬ʦѪֶԴܲƾվͳֵİɡ
֮ǰһ˵ǾʦѪʵǹʱһȺִѧһĴڡ
ͨʵ飬ȡ涯ѪҺע䵽ԼڣӶ˺涯һħ
ִӸ涯ħеõ˸ָħ
ϸĻᷢʦĺܶħʵҵӦ涯
ȡͶ䣬è츳ĺʹơ
ӰΣǿ档
ͿΡ
ֻħǻ涯̫ˣĪڻ
ҲҲصʱĻԳʱѧȥһ㹦ȻŪһʦѪҺо
Ҫ֪оʵͦǿġ
Դ˵а취ᴿڵʦѪħõȵ
ʦѪڤѾȫˣħٶҲȵֻܿÿϵڤ
Ȼڤ÷ַԵ£ѾȡħʦѧͽħʦҪ˺ܶࡣ
ã̫ˡ
Ͼǿ̫ˣҲ˵ûλԣд˵еĹһʵλ֮¶;Բܹġ
¶ҪɱĻ˵ûκηĻᡣ
ħǸħǿû㹻ħ֧ҲǷŲģҽãʦѪĵõܻ벻ĺô
ȻЩֻĲ²⣬ǲҪԺԼȥ̽
סȡֻȡ뷨ħ䣬ʦ֮սҲʮǿĸá
սȡôǰԤϵ˵ħӶǰӦ
ԣͻȡĴʦսʱоƣ൱ܣ
۾ٴһû뵽ȡȻá



ڶٶʮһ 

ڽӡУȡĻȡ鱨ħ䣬ûս
ôһ˵ǿɲħսǽ񶷣ȡҲܴѽǰ֪Էô㣬ֻҪϣ˲ͱɸ񶷴ʦˡ
ǰǸҵߣȻ֪ڽսʱԤʵǺҪܸѶȵһּɡ
ܶȭɣ̫ӽȣͨƤĴо̽ԷĴС̺Ͷ򣬴Ӷﵽǰж϶Էз
ʱԤǿĻСǿĶĵˡ
磬һͱĶһȭԤ˶ԷĹ켣ͿԴݵĽжܣֱҪ
һ񶷷Ĵʦһ࣬ΪǿԤеһЩ˵ĶӶٹҪŵԷ
ѧȡôʹħͲó˵УҲΪһ񶷴ʦ
ڿħּʦкܶɻġ
ѧһʼһͷ˶ħѧϰо͸С

ͬʱ¥Ůϴҡ
һλ׺˻ҽڵĲֽҽϵ䡣
УһҪΪѾǿѧҵαħסˣ̫ˣ̫ˣҴûмôСʦ
ҽһָһᣬһ˲߿
˲࿴Լ£һһѱҽεҡҡͷ
ˣ֪ˣ㿴ĸСʦס𣿡
һǰͱҽ¹һΣ˵Сʦħ
һʼҲû⣬Ͼ¶ҽ˵Ҳǵһˣֻǰο䣬ͽѶѲʱעЩ
ڶ죬ֱҽˣͬ⣬Ǳħ˲˺üСʱ
ʱѾЩĻɣСʦȻϲҽħǺеģһһ졣
ҽҲЩУǵҿʱɱǸѧ˶¥Ůϴҡ
ϸһʣ˵ȻûˣҲûʲô
ƽֱ죬л֪ͨ˵ڶ¥˽Ųûˣ˹Ȼҽֱסˡ
ûˮǱߺʲô
ҽһ»صּŵ˲˵Լıҡ
˲ֻҽˮǱȥ
ҽû˲ϸ첲Ȼ治һ϶
ף
ˮһȦ˲ܿһˮͷ棬һɫС
ħˮƽһ۾Ϳһ¼ħĵС
ħССһһˮ˵˲ǰ
ңһƤžڵϡ

뿪ѧһº
Сݣ˸յСſڣͿĺһߺСһŴɨưɴĻơơ
ʲôôˣ
Цʵ
񿴵ˣ΢Ĵϣʱ¶˸Цݡ
Ŷˣ̫ˣһԩҿʮ£нˣ
㲻ʩչħǼ𣿡
һĺ档
֪ΪĳЩԭ򣬱ħֹʩչħÿʩչħ͵͵ġ
˵ĵ˵ͷ
ǵģǼ£ףֿԹʩչħˣ
㽫Լ귢£˵һ顣
ʮǰںǻѧʱѧУе˹ұ򿪣һѧ˱ɱ
ʱ͵͵һֻ۾룬ʦٱǴҵˡ
е˲ȫάúûбȥȿ࣬ҲħʹħȨ
ڣ˲ҵ֤ݣ֤񲢲ǵҵˣҵˣɱѧҲǰ۾룬һֽ߹ֵа
ԣںѾٴʩչħˡ
ϣ˹ֹϢҡ
ռǱķħ˵ţںĹ£̾
ˣԭѾ˴򿪹һΣıͱʮǰǸС͵͵ˣ
ǲ֪Ǽһﵽ˭ʺ񺣸˵Ҳ֪˲ûи
ռǱĬ˺һŻص
ǵģȷ
ʱķħȴ룬Ȼǵ˲ҵʲô취һңɱ߹֡
ֻ˵˲ϼһԭΪԷѾϺͿǲܴⰡ
ˣҵȡѾˣڽҴԷɣ
ռǱϽдµĻħ̾н˹Сʦѵõһħţ츳ҲͱȵԼ˼֡



ڶٶʮ ػ

ʱ䣬ΪҪ̷ħħһֱռǱߡ
Ҵ£ռǱǴ򿪵״̬ħҲͨСʦĶԻԼ˿˽⵽˽ʵ
ǸˣȻֻǸСҲû̫⡣
ĿǰнСʦûƭֻһЩû˵ѡ
ȷǹ¶ԺҲǻ˹ֵĶ꼶ʦЩû
ԭΪǸĲСʦԲŻôĿȨ
ʵȴ֤
нСʦ˹ֳɼãʦܺܶСʦĻӭѧԺСʦܳ
ѧУʦҲϲ˹ڵλԺҲʳͽͽ˹գǴ׶һ
ȻʹôõҴ̵ħʮƫħɱȽϴħ
ƺ˶ܺã͸Ҷ˽ѣʵ̸УħмܵѪͳ۵ĳУԼֵ
⡭͵һģӿ̳ģʵ̫ˡ
ħãٹϼ꣬ҵ󣬺пԼ·һЩµ뷨
ҲһҪ취ռݽ壬ǿԽδʱ˵һԱ󽫡

ŷħʼռǱϴԷҲڰ룺
һӦò˰ɣ
һرóŵˣǰӿҲ֪Ҫƭ˵Ļȫ˵ٻױҴġ
滹Ǹʮִļһ
һ٣׵İ취
һֱռǱ÷ħ˽鱨ǹȻȫᱻħ֡
ԣΪܹȡ÷ħΣϰԼڻʵһ棬ȫչ˷ħǰ
Ψһٵģ͸¶ĶѪͳ۵ĳݣжʦ
ΪʲôҪҹⱩ¶˲࣬Ҫԭ
һԭΪ˸߹ʧһĽͣ÷ħΪǵ˲෢ɱ߹֡
ڶΪúԩѩϾ͵˺˳һֻҹ룬ҺҲܶ涯֪ʶ
ܵΪʲôһ°ɡ
ɫСһЩ߹µƬӦ㹻õ˲Ʋˡ
ڣ˭סҽ˭С˭µţǾõ˲ȥ°ɣӦòµϡ
һ꼶Сʦôܴ߹أ
µǷƤݺܼ򵥣Ǹߵ˲ҵǧ߹ֱˣĩβµǣصƽ̽ռҡ
ŵĿµ˲Ϊ߹ܳȥˣΪѧİȫӶУ

ʱҴңתۼһѧھȥˡ
û߹֣û¼ѧڵĻȻǱȽƽģʥںĿûзʲô⡣
ҲΪû߹Ϯ¬˹߼ƻҲûгɹԼСȲûټҪѧҲûڿ海ҡ
ϧû˽Ĳ˹ֵĿϣûʤڸҶ࣬˹鶼̫á
ֱʥڵĽ٣˹ֵСʦǲźݺݵĵһѣΪʥ׶ؽٰһ֧Ӳμⳡ
˹ֵĽ𣬽ΪӢӵֲ
һڣԶڽļӳ£ӢڱȷһʱһץɫӶ̡
ԣ׶صĿӢӻȡھ
ҲýٴӢʦĳһ
֮ǰĹڷٰ죬ȥӢʦ࣬һ϶ڱֽϿı
һ׶ؾٰ죬ϴ󲿷ʦֳۿȻһˡ
ÿζ緭̣ÿʦĳȵĻʤʽ
αһջ˲ٽҲٴιԴһЩϰħҩ
ʱ䣬˲ͣĴӷħһЩħص֪ʶħҩ棬Ҳû̡
ħܹƸħҩܹƻħҩ浱Ȼ
ܶ𲻷˹̵һЩ֪ʶԴӷħȡ
ʥڼڽǰ죬Ҳǽμػȵĵڶ죬ҹ
վѾٴĺӿռڣָǰԡԡ壬ֵȻ

һǿҫ۵İ׹֣һӴӰ˽ǰ
û뵽ҵػȻ
Լػ֣¶˾ϲɫ



ڶٶʮ ǿػ

ػ䣬ųʦ֪ħУǿķħ֮һ
һּ临Һʩչķ䣬Իһ󻯵ĻҲػ
ʦ󲿷ֵʦû취ɹʩչػ䣬ʩչһʦҲٻȫʵ廯ػ
󲿷ʩչػʦٻػʵһɫ
ʵػֻǿֵ֣ʵػ񲻵׵֣ܷУԶͻԼʵ
󲿷ʵػһ㣬ҪèӡһЩư桢֮ػʵûʲô
ܡǡ֮ػǾҪ˵ˡ
ͬʱػҲһʦǿ͸
ǰܹٻʵػʦͨᱻƾΪɭĦħĸ߲Ա
𾭹ôʱ䲻ϵŬڳɹѵħ䡣
ʵػǺѻã֮ǰйػ
ֻѶȣȷЩ
Եʱħ⿿ѧѧػôѵħ䡣
ΪԼʵʱػѧϰת档
ֱڣħ˴ټл˷ħʱʵħʮΪʲô
ϵŬʥڽ֮ǰɹͷųػ񣬶һʵػ

һʦûͷųػ֮ǰ֪Լػʲô
ֻǸݾ飬ԼȽ׽ĶߺʦԸ񣬵ʱȷ涼кܴĹϵ
ûʲôر׽Ķ³ɽʱʱҲΪϲèΪоԤ⣬Ƚá
ڣʱ³ɽ͵Ǳ߼ˡ
ҪǺԿ³˷ǳϲ³ɽҲǳϲʵû̫ʱչ
ԣڳɹͷǰҲ֪Լػ񣬾Ȼһ߰׸ߵġˣ
ȷվڽǰܵƵػ񣬾һߴĹ֮ˡ
ػػ̬ħﵽҲûпֻϡ٣ʦʷмصģҲôһ
һĹϣʦɿ϶мصĴڣҶΪ޵еİ˹
ΪŵǸʱǿʦûκһʦھдĹԲħȾʩչػ䡣
ʵҲ⡣
Ҫ֪ϣʱڿɻû䣬ػΪǿķħ䣬ԷʱĴ󲿷ħ乥
һ£һػ񣬻κħ䣬ź;һǿǶʦǶôĿֲ
˹ųػһɲǣѾӮˡ

ҲӦòһǲôǿ󡣡
ǰԼٻľػ񣬽ĸһԣ˽һ
õĵĲԣĪʵսˡ
Ťͷźӿռ俴һȦܿҵʺϲػĶ
ŵһˣ
ﳯԼԼĵһֻһܿ죬ѾӽĻŵ鲻Ըų򣬳Žڵķ˹
ʱŵѾһ࣬Ѿշкļܣ;ȫ꣬Ҫϼµʱ䡣
ˣɱҲѾʮֲֿˡ
ܹ˺ͨצҧϸֽǿħ棬Լȸְ廹ҪӲۡ
Щ޲ʾһֻŲǿ
ˣҪίˣҲǴŵɯ棬һӺˣӲͣ
ܵŵίһεİο
ΪŵħȽϸߣŵʵԼħ͵ŵһĺ֪û¡
ʵҲû취һ£ʵħĹŵ߹ֽ߹ֲɣҪȫԳػҪŵ
ﵹǻһͷ³ȡŵɯ֮ǰӷģڲŸѧ𣬻ܷС
ȫ
ŵŵ𣬶վǵľػһ档
Ϊ˲Ծػħûпƾػֱ̧˫۽浲ǰ
ǿڻףھػϣȻ޷κε˺
ǺԵܸܵھػ쵽ħʱħŵٶڼӿˡ
ۿħûãŵһ˳ػ˵Դץ˹ȥ
νûп
צһץػԴϣȻûзѶ󾢾ͽץˡ
Ȼػʱߡ
ʱ䣬ػԴȻȫָԭ



ڶٶʮ 

ػûҪ嶼ɰɫĹɡ
ȻֻͣҪħôʹϡãҲָܺܿ
ǹˣ
ػ˲ϰеŵĶӾһȭ˹ȥ
𣡡
ŵһʱ죬һҽУػһȭ˼ʮԶòųȶ
ŵķӦ֪ػոʹһȭͷȻûдŵȴҲ
ոƾػȫ֣ôŵĻᱻһȭ
ˣûˣֻɽ򣡡
ԵĲ󣬻ָŵһԵĻǹһֵĲԡ
вȫɺ󣬽̲ס̾
ѹֽ޵еİ˹ػͦ
ղԣֻ֣ҪħݽߣôػͲ
վŲûͲըƬֻҪħԿٵĻָ
ٶӴ󣬲ر죬Ҳһɨ˶١
Ļ֮ܲǰ̾ˣҲС
ԼħʶŲػڣõػ˵Ұս˵

ء硣
1992614գҹʮ㡣
һһң༫ӢкƮ⴫˵мΣյĽС
ſʦۣƮٶȲǺܿ죬ɫȥȴ쳣Ĵݣ˿ûΪֵĺڰе˿ĺ¡
˲ǱˣѾڻȴһĽ
һʱ䣬ýֺݺݵϴһأϿȥͲһ꼶ʦ꼶ʦ
û취ʵ䣬Ѿӽʮ꣬ʮкӳ͵ʱ
ǿѧˣǰĿǰٶ˵Ǻʵãֻǿȥͦģ
ԼƵٶȣԸ̾һŸոյķʵЩ衣
ʵҪΪŸոѧᣬʱپһ㣬һЩٶӦҪϺܶ࣬϶û취ҹȡ
ҵˣ
Ʈ˺һ۾ȻһȻʩչ䣬ұ߷Ʈ˹ȥ
ұĴϣһֻСİ۾룬ſҲ֪˯ˣǵȴš
Ʈ۾Ϸһ佫ŵȻ˺ӿռ䡣
ֵҪĿģҪץʮֻ۾Լһ¡
۾ΪͻһΣյȼ涯ȻӲʵȲȴ࣬ѧϰԡ
һ㣬ǽصġ
ǿĻٶȷɿҹ룬Լ俪ǵʮݻʿʵ
ҹ̺ͨҰûʲô𣬶俪ǵĻˣʵǻ۵ﻹкܴġ
Ǹһ˹ܵĲ
ǻ۵ĸѧԺǽϵʯһԾĴǧ꣬ĸӣȻܹṩ飬ȴ̡
ǻеģǻѹġį飬ЩƷûеġ
Ҳǽʶһ㡣
ԣЧͿƼ˹ֻܺһħЧһǿƼЧ
۾ȴǻۣ۾֮˻Ϊ֮Լ˵ıܲȥ˺ֹ࣬ǲȥ˺
ЩТҲΪħĳŵʳͽȡ
շһǻۻ˵İ۾Ϊ£ĶļƻӦ𵽲Сá
䣫˯䣬ԽڵħʵҪ۾룬Ĳʲô¡
ԼһСʱʱ䣬ķŵʮֻ۾롣
оѾԼĿǰԼ涯ļޣŷ˹ᡣ
ϸվٰ磬ѧУҪˡ
ڣСҲһ£ûʣ¶ˡ
ˣηżٺʹСʱ䣬ֱӷص硣

գʰöȥһлȵСʦһ˷׶صĻؿ졣
ڹʮֳվ˹޶һ˹ͬѧٴƸưɣȻһ䡣
ƸưϰķʱϵƶЦ˾ջ״
ΪĵζһʲСĽ¡Ҫˡ
ϣռǱٵ¶һ֣
ʲôʱȥǵɭ֣ﻹһ˹µıأ
ʦĳ뻹УͨǾͳ
껰󣬽ռǱϣȻ㿪ϵķذť



ڶٶʮ ǰɼ

ˣһʱ䣬Ļ죡
ŷϤһУ𲻽һ̾
ž
һָòٴα任һǰ뿪ʱӡ
ڼµʱ䣬߻ָģһҹͻȻһأ˹ǻŻġ
һ¾ӣоӦò󣬽ͳռӣųĸС顣
ҵļˣҪǸʱ̱ǵİȫ
ĸСûӰν˹Ͱɯķ䣬ȻֱʵǿĴ󱣻ƽʱΣյĹ˹¶ࡢԽñʦͰɯ
ССһ£´˺ӿռ䣬ռЩ涯
㶨Щصӿռ䣬ʼճڤ
ڶ죬ͱʦͰɯУ󣬽ûȥѧУһӰԭʧˡ
Լֵܳ˾ӣ⿿С飬оǲġ
ʦͰɯãһֱѧУϲж⡣
˹Ϊ죬һ֣ضǳǰߵģΣճ̶ȿɾҪˡ
һͨˣڽٷ֣֮ǼСȫԸ㶨
ˡѧʵĹ֮ģǿֲѶˡ
ԣٸ˹һ㱣ϡ

ٴγʱӰѾŦԼĽ⡣
ųҹ̿һߣٵĳɼ˹ȥ
ĻӰȻ˲ƣˮ׼ֱӴŦԼ˲ƵɼԶƶĿǰҪסһҹ롣
Сʱ
ҹ룬ɼﲼĴլ԰
ص˲䣬լڱ˾ӺһȺıڱǹΧ˹
ʦ鷳֪ͨᣬ˵
һȺڿŴʦ۵ĽԼƨЩֲҹ룬ʱʿˮȻеĶԽʼͨ
ͬʱŦԼ˹˴ö㡣
§СһߺźƣһŹԼҪûηӦѣпԴļƻ
һЩеںȻ
ʦС㣡
ά˹˵ҲڣûڡʦС㣬ɣ
ԭԸСԼʱͳҲš
ʦȴǸ⣬Ͼʦȹϴλʿ¼ʦҲСæ
ʦС㲻ڴ棬ɼļ
ʱһͶӰĻ֣ɼ԰ʦҹĻ档
ŶװģҪ뿪һˣ
С¶˸Ǹ
СһĿĻϵĽҹҡҡͷ
û£ȥɣʦС϶ʲôҪ£
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ڣֻǿʦŵҹеˡ
ά˹ʦС㣬ڿһ£һСʱ󵽣
ŦԼɼǧ๫ʹǳٵĸս£ҲҪһСʱܷɵ

ɼլ԰ڡ
ͷıͬǹȻ˵
ʦС㣬Щϵȴһ˹˵һСʱܷɵ
һСʱ˲棿
¶˲ɫ
ͷıڻص
ڣ˹ٵ˹˴ã
˹˴ã
һ£֮ǰûСǰƺȷп˵һԸŦԼߴãû뵽ôѾˡ
֪ˣɹǱߵҾУҴӺ
˵ŷҹս˺ӿռóһ׼
һǵýպã󽻸
˵꣬㷢ԿףһռŤ󣬱ԭʧˡ
λߴǿ׳ͷڣŽ˽ȥʱһȫһ±Ƶԭء
ЩСĶ£ǹ˴ףûκ쳣󣬲Ž
ħ𣡡
ڻȵһ꣬ħָͽԼ̿УˮƽѾ˾޴Ľ
ڣѾȫԼԿˡ
ԣԿ׶˵ҲͲǶôϡеħˡ
ոôһԿ˹˵ĺլΪÿλԺɼͷˡ
Ⱥʱ䣬ƻһЩԿףȻÿһУһԿףгУԿס
ԺͿͨԿ׼ӻӰΣ˲Ƶκһط
ʵֶƶ÷·۸ãǷ·Ľ̫鷳һ˿ԽģԿֻҪʱ䣬ͿԲͣ



ڶٶʮ Ӵ

Կ׻صŦԼ󣬽ٴһӰ˹˴øȻ÷Ʈ˹ȥ
ʦС˵ţӺ󵽣
׼תȥս£ά˹ٴδ˹
ʲôӣǸɵġٶƺûôɣ
ǵãϴȥֺܾĸʱͿʦŵǸɫĹȻǹɵͦ죬ǾԲӵʱ䣬ʹɼɵŦԼ
ĸս¶ɲô졣
ܣ÷ɵģ
ʱСÿͶӰĻϣԿʧĳ
÷ɵģô
תԶսµĻ豸ûüͶӰţͱһòˡ
ŤͷŴȥһʦ۵ϤӰƯڲִк
ðɣǸϷ
ӰΣ
С󣬽ٴλӰΣֱӳǰ
ᣬþò
ŶþòʦС㣬ħƺֱøˣ
ŽȻ˲ƵԼǰСһ
Ϸ𣿡
Ц
û뵽Ҳôã
ӵıӣ˿ںƣԼΡ
ǲĲʱ򣿡
Сĺƣʶ˿ڽбȽ˽ܵ顣
ŵǣҿһٹ
ŶûУģȥһЩСģ
Сæ˰֣еľƱЦת˳ȥ

ʦС㼱ʲô𣿡
ºȿյľƱʼ⡣
ħȳµĿվƱһָվƱһֻǸģ͡
ϣһľҪõĺһ㣬ڲһ£һЩִǹ֮ġ
÷棬ʱŪһ㣡
ҪʲôãǰҺüΡֻһ£Ҫһʲô
ҪھϰװȻҪһԭ
˼漰Ҽ˵İȫԲ㣬ԷģæֻΪ˱ҵļˣȥʲô£
ֽģͻָԭ
ͣһ£ǻص
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ʦΪĿõġ
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λ˹ӵµ񣬸ֻеĵʱ򣬲Żﷸ
ʦƷǵõϿɵġ
лл벻Ҫܾ֣֪ģ뷽跨ҪҵݣҲϣҵݱ¶ӶǣҵļˣǶͨˣ
εʼ硣
ͬĵ˵ͷ
ȻܾӡǱȽģֵܾЩǿӲȷ˸оʣһֱܾǸЦġкƻ
ãʱôϵ㣿
һȻװһЩԣʲô̫ѵ¡
㣬˶žӺҵ֣ŦԼĻҿԺܿɼĻ뽫µǸ׷ڵϡ
Ӻӿռͳһ澵ӵݸᡣ
˫澵ҲԼˣ˸ԼֳǷ־
ϵÿһ־־֮䲻໥ϵҲϵ
ϵǼ򵥵ġʦʣֻпƶɭ棬ΪѾǰͳȥˣﻹǳһ
ҸùƤȥСģһһ
ʱСһСٴ˽
ллϲʳ


ѧУϿεĽ𣬸ܵ侵ӵ𶯣֪ӦҪľ
һԭأû뿪ңһ˵ĵطȻһӰη˷䡣
Ӱ˲Ƶʱ򣬻бһԲʺڽʹá
ãᣡ
ʦС㣬ľѾˣǸҲ˵ϣԹˣ
žᣬ˵ͷȻ𷿼ףԿס
һռŤٴγʱѾլʵС
ӴͣûħȻӴͣ
ƾճֵĽ᲻һ̾
ʵһֱħΪóħǿÿѧ͵ġ
˲ħڿѧӴͣ漰Ӿһϵ⡣
ֻĿǰĿƼ޷ȫصļ
ħһַʽֳԽִƼļ
ڿѧҵκζǿÿѧͣͲˣֻΪûнӴˡ
ӴͣҲ࣡
ὫԿ׵ĴͣΪӴͣҲûзͬĵ˵ͷ



ڶٶʮ ħν

ڽħͿѧ֮ģڱ϶һġ
һ·ûʲôֻͬڹг˺ܶĲǻһ
ܶħĶѧͬѧĶħҲ
ħԷų棬ѧҲǹħˮѧҲŪ⣬ħԷУѧҲиַ豸
ֻħǿԼǿȡڸˣѧǽסߣ˶ʹá
˵ĸǿһЩֻ˵
ǿķʦܹһ֮ħУͨҲԶ̰һťÿѧĺ˵ըһС
ܡ֮Ҳͬĵһ·ϵķֲһǿ
ԽȻǸʦҲħǿģĶҲڿÿѧֶθԼħĸǿ
Ҫ󣬳ӵͺڲãȫǰھʹѩCapriceɡ
ⰴťĻһͨľ
ᰴ¼ʻҷұߵһɫťһƽһĲ͵˳
ͨ棬ԿǰƱ仯ܼ֣ԿƳǴ򿪣һĲõǡ
Ľܣĵ˵ͷ
רҵľרҵģΪһսµţּĸװ˵̫ˡ
ỹڳ˺ܶû뵽װãܸӵԽ
ǳллˣԺҪæĵطʱħϵң
սӿռ䣬˸кٴοԿףŦԼѧУ
СǻѾľֻܿÿϳȥεһȦһ㣬ҲǿάճʹãҪǼܡ
ԣŽ˫澵һ־ᡣ
£һС²æĴ£˵ͻдСǽˡ
뷨ܼ򵥣ÿһʶĳӢۣʱһ־ʱһЩȳУĴʱҲ˳ȥһܣȻһСǡ
ؼСǵ֣ЩӢۻҪ顣
ԺһȽϼֵ£֣ЩӢǲöܹæ

ҹ
һȦ󣬲ûһںӿռڤǽĿ⼯з档
䣡
˫ְڳϣȸǣȻһۻҵħ
ҪΪ˹ľжθ졣
֮ǰõǿƼװҪħħġ
СħȻǴĹħᣬЩճħ
ԽҪϿƼħһǿͷӵܵΣʱ˹İȫ
Ŀǰˮƽħ֪ʶǺܽɷҪӡ
ڽһʱ䣬ÿѲ߻ỨСʱʱԾи졣
ڣڰºħİľ¯ˡ
У
Ÿվڲƺϣǰľ
ա
Щٶ۵Ļظһ䣬Ȼһֱԭɣںӿռٵķ
еʮȶĵ˵ͷڱϷһ˸

˲״̬
ǹɨ䣡
ͷƷ򵯳ܼ֣ʼյĳŵ׼õİ

Ѹٴ򿪣һöȻ˳ȥ
ģʽ
һħȫ
ǳ
ž½ǰݵϣǰĳǿ佱
ллˣ
Ű£˵滹ô
ջ֣¶˲Цݣ
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һ£һħ˲仯̬͵Ӱνաˣоųɵơ
סճУһͨľ˹ΣգҪȫȡ
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־ͽСڣ
ǣˣҾͽССڣԡ̹򣡡
ĿİӦ
Աˣʵǽ𽫱̬ħϣӦõõĽ
ʵκʵʹܲûʲô仯
ôֻΪ·󣬿Ū˹̫ܵš
Ͼ˹һֱԭŹ⽣űνǴеģֻǵûзְˡ
ȻҲһһȤζ
֪Сڱˣ߹˹Լ̹󣬹˹ʲôı顣



ڶٶʮ ǿʿ

ʵ˹һֱֲҲΪǾͱʾһֱܰȫҪõСڳ
һţһ£Сڼһ壡
Сܺ󣬽ֺڻų󵶣ŸѵĻʿһš
ʱһźһǰһȣһЩµı仯
ԭеĻϣΪ˺ܶµڹܣܺħܡ
רؿڸһСռ䣬޺չ佫СռԴűõĵҩΪͨʱȫݡ
ϵı仯ǲҪԭĵ־޽˿˫ŵƹضүĳ󵶡
ԽĹֶԵп϶еԵ˺ߡ
һ£ʿ͵սʱԶӵͻȫ꣬ҪⲫһȭһȭĹˣŴĳĸ˺
ҳ󵶹ҲҪȭͷԶһЩɡ
ԣڵʮܻʿΪӦֲͬÿ˶䱸һֽ
г󵶡з컭ꪡ˫˫о޽д󸫡Ǵȵȡ
ÿʮܻʿǰŸӦùŴսĽѧƵ߹Ӱѧϰ໥ϰӡ֤
˵ʵһѧϰĴ󲿷ɣ϶ʮܻʿϣÿһóԶһ档
ֻϾ俪ǣûнǶһЩжҪϺܶˡ
֮⣬Ϊ˷ֹԴ⣬Щڲ̻˲ħħǿħ
ԣʮݻʿĿǰҲħõġ

һŻʿСǰ󵶲嵽󱳵Ĺ̶װϺ˫ְСڵĳϡ
һϢ
ˣû⣬Сڵûκμ豸
һ˫ֻ㱨
ܺãȥϰɣ
˻֣һŷԭؼϰ񶷼ɡ
ȻһﻹǱȽϿ׵ģ
һʱ䣬ʮܻʿҲ˳ĽѾȫƿԼ塣
ԣܾЩ豸ͱԼȡˡ
һŹСڼһ壬Ϊ˷ֹСڰװضλ豸
ϾһֱֵһֶԿƼ̫˽ӡ
ڿȻͶ˵㣬ƷǱܾбϵġ
뿪ӿռ䣬һӰСĳ⣬ñʱüͷ޷ѸٵĽСں͹˹ԭľ˸
˹ľھϵвúϸڶʮ˽⣬ڽ涫ȫûСϺ󣬻ʲô졣
䣬ٴλӰλط䣬ֽһģһĳԿ׵һ¡
ˣ㶨
ǵİȫ˻ϣԺ¾ͲôСˡ
ݲСı¶ˣ˴вôһǳľϲ

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ϴ׷ӷ۶ûܹңԲа
ǣҰ˾ˣ˳һһ˿Աģ
Ź˹һٴȴǰЦ
϶˳ˣħ˫˵ۣȫܶûСܵĿ죡
˹ΪԼץӷҪ鹦Լţ棬첻֪ǿǰϾ˼ҳβƶˡ
ǣʱھҲŻʺĳƺţЩҹɳ֪ץ˶١
һжˡķɳϴ󣬵ŵĺݣϰͽ꣡
Ŷӳޣ˹ʱЩ緢
˵Խ󣬾ԽϲȥĻԻͣƽʱֵĹ㣬ù˹л԰԰ڡ
ְ֣ѧУˣһȥǩ־УѧУУѾֱͬӽгǸУ
ָָǰѧУ˹˹¡״̬
ŶõģĴֱ𣿻᲻Щ̫żˣڳһʱ䣡
˹ͣѧУͣЩĵĿ˽
Ȼĸӳĺܿ죬Ͼʮ꣡
ӽµʱ䣬ѾԼߵĸ߶ȣڽѾȹ˹ˡ
İɣеĵ֪ʶѾȫѧˣͨҪȫԣУеʦҲǩͬˣ
Ǻðɣֻû뵽ôҪϸˣ
ڹ˹ԣȥСѧҵȴҪϸˣȷЩ̫ˡ
ɯҪʮ֮һͺˣ˵ĩԣѧûм񡭡



ڶٶʮ гǸ

ħʦʵҪ档
һħħյԽ࣬ȻΣʱиĽ취򵥵ķʽﵽĿġ
ҪһȷǿĴţֻϵħôضҪʮǿĻϵħڻš
ѧ˿䣬ֻҪó΢ħͿԽ
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ڶħħԽɱȻԽǿħȡڶħо
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ڶʮһ ħŮ

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¶ȡһԺеļ䣬¶һ˿ȡ
ԭϴȥħʦѧͽ磬ûиκݣΪΪԼʵǿˣòøˡ
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ԵΪħ磬ĸ磿ǰ͵Ķǿֻܶ࣬ǲ֪ǲ֮һ
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ȻǸкӣȻǰСѧʱģȻΪǵӻԲûпŮսʿһضôһϯ֮ء



ڶʮ ѩ

䣬黳黳СļֵҪϸġ
ԡŬǰħŮؼȡЩĹϸڣٴӿͷ
Ҳ⻹ĻǸС磡
ȻڿƼʱȴħʦڣƺƵ֯ԼƵħ֪ʶϵ
УҲǿģӦþλħʦˡ
ܹһǿħƣÿһħƺԼ˸ǻۣҲȷһħʦġ
׵ħУĳЩƵħԽڵʵҲЩ̬ġ
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ԣӦһʮֲС硣
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ߣգҲֱȥСӣѧУ
ûǴĻСӣ֦Сѧиڡ
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Σ
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Ӻӿռħ飬ʼճħѧϰ
ɽ·ΪѧĿۡ
ڵħɾͺʵʼں϶ħϵŻʹħΪƽʱһʱ䣬ͻͳħѧϰӲи
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״æУ򿪺ӣѸħͱ䣬ٵóһиõı㵱



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ͬѧĲˣܺóԵӣ
մ򿪱㵱УѩþͱһŨζţðǵĿ˹
ʱѧı㵱ģѧУҲרŵ΢¯ṩı㵱ǸõģðڳԻѩöǺġ
ҴķԲ꣬ǿԳһ
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ҾͿˣ
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ڼұ˹ͱˣС羹ȻҪ㡣
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ڽ˼ڳֵſƣܻħʲôʱ
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ڶʮ ħʦ

䣡
ȻҽԼӰУһںĶը˳
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ԲӰӵħ֮ǰûнӴ
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һϴѧſʼţƺСоͿʼиָĵȤˡ
ѩһ»ص
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Щʲô֣߰ôһ졣
ˣҶԼûʲôȤ
ʱооħ
ҵˣʸ
ѩû˻֣ͣһ˸ĴԺǰ

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ЦôЦ
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ûƭʸֻҪѧϰħ˶ûʲô⡣
ʸ˽ĻشһֱŵģǷ
֪رǿ󣬸ոܵԷеϣԷӦûƭӦĶûʲô⡣
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һƲÿ·һСӵĶ㴰ڣ¶СӣӰ
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ˣʸͬѧ
ɨһΧûˣгһӰԭʧˡ
ħʦ
ŽгͻȻԭʧʸҲһ
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ʵϣҲһħħʦ
ףô𣿡
ӰλصԼСݵԺʱźȻ֣ԼƺûƶԶΪ͸ԺӵţȻԿб·ϣڷ㶵ʸ
飬ӣʵСӣҵ·б档
ʱǱðͷˣ
гԺͣãèһתͷٵŽݡ
ոôз˲뿪˲Ƶ·棬ҪǱˣǵöΡ
ħʦ裬˲
סĽҲãСӣϳȥշƵʱǰ



ڶʮ ӡӰ

ҹ֦СѧϿա
һž󣬽Ӱƾճ֡
ӰƣȰץȥɣ
⣬Ӱ֦СѧңѧУеȫѳСɽСӣͻ÷ƷӡӰơ
ԣȳ֣ܲǰץסӰƣȥоһ¡
СӣĿƣֻҪоһ¿ƵħԭоȻỹСӣ
ǿഴħƣֻ˺˲շ𲢲ǽȻΪС
ΪûǸҪ
ʹÿս̫ӣħȣҪһͷţʵսҪ
ȫ˿ƵħԭԺԼһס
ȻԼʹãԺӸǸħá
ɯûħ츳ѧڤһħƸҲʱİȫ
ףǷ𣿡
մӿ䵽ѧУǰĹ㳡ϣ㳡Ȫʯ񣬾Ǳʲô𣬺ݺݵĳ˹
ȻСѧڵӰƣѾĵ
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һ죬ֱһ佫ʯ˿УȻ˵ϡ
ƻɲǺúӣ
ȪԱӡڵϵľ޴Ӱӣ˦־һ˹ȥ
ӰȻûʵ壬˺Ƕħ˺ȴû̫Ŀԣ˲佫Ǿ޴ӰըƬ
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ûӰӵļӳɣӰƱǷǳСġ
ӰӱɢӰﻹͣæһŸӰӵĵطӴܣҪӰӶߡ

һά磬ӰƵһֻǰһָٻ˾ػ
Ȼ֪ƵԭôҲǾͨϵħǿʦ
Ҳܲ³Ӱıʣʾħ;Ľ塣
ػٻػʵкܶƵĵط
²⣬ԼػӦǿֱӴƵı壬Ӷץס
ȻΪԭӰƵѹƵͣƶٶҲ󽵵ͣػ粽׷ȻһѽץС
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Ӷ編ıʣƿغ͸ıЩĳ̶ȡ

糿ճгԺӡ
ʱ䣬ӰƵоѾЩĵãٹ죬˵ܿԼħʹӰӵħˡ
Ӱڰħħ滹Ǻоģ֮ǰ÷ħʼǺ󣬴ӷħѧ˲٣Ƚֹڵĺħ֪ʶ
ףСӣʸ
ǰ淿һһСӰг׷ȥ
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𡤿ţǰŦԼתѧתУʵһħħʦ
˵ǲԸҲͦãÿı㵱쳣ʢͺѰѩʵᵽʲôʳջ
һ㣬ȽϲЦûܵ٩ͺѰѩĹϵЩͷۡ
λǣ
׷ʸ󣬽װĿԱ߻ֻСӣ
ŶҵСӣ



ڶʮ ѩõ

ԭѩ˵λʮֿɰСӣǽ𡤿ţĺǰŴŦԼתѧ
ЦųյСӣ˻֡
ѩø˵ҵ
СӣԭЩͻȻðλ磬Ϊʲôûмһѩ˵Լʮֿɰ˲ͺ
֮ҲԵһμĽ˺ܴĺøС
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Сӣͨƺʲôûӣ̲סЦҡҡͷ
Сѧǳ죬ǰԼ͵ʱ򣬹ƻ͡
һԵʸȻСӣѾֲ֣ƳһۺǺǵ
ɰӾܽ͵ˣôͿɰҲմ߰ɣ
磡
Сӣһë𣬱˲ɬҪϥǵļơ
ң簲
ǰԶѩվԼԺſڣڳ߻֡
ÿϵʸһѧϰΪ¡
Ҳڰ
ˣ
ʼ硣
ʱСӣҲ˲仯˸СŮ˵͸ոȣҲԵһ
ý𲻽ǰһ仰ŮϲʱƿǶšŮʱҲšǡ

࣬һڿ¿Ρ
պħ飬ͿѩЦųԼ˹ΪѩʸҲû⡣
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ѩýִʸļϣЦŽ͵
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Ϊ˵֣ƺЩ̧̫Լˡ
װһ£ȻЦ
ȻԣһֱΪħǵӦöʱħʦ͵ʿԽԽ٣Ϊҽˡ
Ҵ⣬ѧ֪ʶó־֮ͬˣħ飬ֻҪСͬѧԸ⣬ѧϰ
֮ǰһڼħħ飡
ʱСӣ֣ӡ֤˽Ļ
û뵽ȻǸػˣ
СǸոջ룬ֻóһЩ֪ʶʱĻжʱһЩԷԸ㾡Уȴ˽ġ
ʲôʱ򣿡
ʱСѾ׿ЩŰĹأԷһʵĽнѧϰͬ
ÿѧ󣬻ĩϢֻҪʱ䶼ңڻǴڼоơ
˵תͷСӣ˵
ʵСӣҾʱĻҲԺ֪СһѧϰһЩħΪһħʦ㲻ֻƣ
һʮСӣһôƷ£ʵϣ˵ǺƣСǶԣһԵ
ͨϵħҴ󲿷ֶǲħСǾֻѧһС֣ĵѧƵħ
츳㹻Ļܹڻͨ˵ܳԽࡣ
⡭ðɣ
СӣɲСһħȤûôִţСɾĶۣӦ
ѧħҲռҲһЩ
ˣɣɫ磬Ҳûȥ˯ˣ컹ҪϿΣ
ĿѾﵽһʱ䣬ҹʮ㣬ǻֽͤ컬ݣͬʱ䡣

СǺͽ˵һȻתͷСӣ̧̧°˵
Ժƾռɣ˸ԶĿ꣡
˵Ծʧ˺ҹС
Ϊʲôһ˵ôᣡ
СӣС뿪ĵطͷ
֪Ƴһ۽Ц
ͦõģԺ󲻻ٺˣǽ
˵⼸У˭ڽĹ£ôһ˿ѣǿܾ֪ˡ
ܸܵûʲô⣬СӣҲµߣԲûȥҴʲô

ڶ죬硣
СǡСӣ֪СһޣԼ˽ķӵַ
֦Сѧһͷѧˣǵſʱĵ㡣
ԭļǼô
СӣбԼҵķӣһľ棬ѹ֮ǰÿѧ
ºˣһСӣ·ܻؼˡ
֪Цó
Сӣѧϰħĵһ죬ôܲúأ
СûйܺǴһļһ˿ڣ׼塣
ӭӭ
Ȼ廹û죬Ͳ˵ĽѾЦŴš
ۡô󣡣
Ư
һ޸߽ţͱĳˡ
濴ȥҲһٶƽķӣ澹Ȼĸô󣬸ǵĸоͲǽһӣǽһ硣
һŸְӵħѵһ泬ĺڰ壬һ˽ͤһ޴ħܣܻиƯĻľΪװΡ
ΪԺҪѧϰͽħˣҽһССĸ죡
һħѵİ˽ͤЦŽһ¡
ڽ˵̫ˣ޺չһ£Ȼñڰ塢֮ͤĶħ鸴һ飬Ūӣͷһꡢϴħ
ûõʮʱ䣬ĸ졣
Щ²һЩҴĵ飬Ѿϵȹһʱ䣬ͻдĵĹ
Сǽ򿪣óʮ״ĵż
²ճӵĹܼңһȥ²Щ˳ϵ˼üｫйڵ鼮һݹ
ԭӦÿֲ˫֮Ĳ࣬ڿԱϣħ飬֪Լ뷨ˡ
Ϊǿʿ֮һӵеĵһָɢɢǧˡ
ħ飬ǼħϵĴ󲿷ħ飬Ȼܱȡ
⻹һֹںħͲʺϼСѧϰħȥԵʣħٷһ
ȻЩħ󲿷ֶǹħۺͼɵĽ⣬ȫħ顣



ڶʮ ֮

ɵƯ
СǴЩ飬浭ȴЦ˻
ԭСȻʵǱϾ̫С֪ܶʶյûô࣬ЧʻȽϵ͡
ǣдĵ鸨ǾͲһˡ
ڿѧһ飬൱о飬СĽҵĵ鶼Ūһݣǹ⿿ѧƾԣҲܴջ
һСڻ֪ʶϽнչʾ
ʵҪǸصصĻˣȻûѧĿȾ֮£ٻ֪һЩԵĶ
ҪһȥѧϰһЩʽͺ͸ֵʣ͹ͷ۵ˡ
ǻѪǴСͽӴĻҲħںϡ
ûĻǾͿʼһѧϰɣ
ΧһСӣ˺˼Ȼ˫һ̧һȦɫĻ棬ŵļСֻʱһ󾪺
ǿħٿɫĻ棬ڵϻһһԲԼӦķţƬ̺һص÷֮ͳ˽Ľ£
÷֮վ棬ѧϰħٶȣ
ɢȥɫ棬÷֮¶ڼСֻǰ
ԣ
Ž֣СֻС̤÷֮
һԵСɣŵϵ÷ַǲԸ̾˵ҪΪԽħʦ֮ǰţڣҲǲܡ
ӽӴʼĿ˺ܶûħȻкܶЧ֪һЩħƣȷ´ħ
ܴ˶ħ˿࣬Ҳûм
ĸоһ˺ö࣡
СӣСǺ֪վ÷ַϣ϶ʱ¶˾ϲɫ
÷ַȻЧôı̬ڴԵİǱȽϴģ˵Ĵԣ˲ָõ״̬
㲻Σ˯߰˸СʱȻ󳹵ѹ״̬
Եʱվͺˣ
Сӣһ½ѧϵݣȻúͿıΣƺһЩ
һԵСԣ˸ۡ
ǿĸ󣬾ȻԣֱǱҪѧ󣬻صңǻ˷ˡ
ʱܹӵܱͺ٣ӹõľ͸ˡ
ѧ÷ַٿ츳ˣѧϰѶȽͺܶࡣ
ʱãԼżˣü˽ؼȫĹһݣһôȷľ÷ֵַˡ
ԭСڸ绰Ǽҵ伮ʱûиԭ򣬶ֻ˵ԼҪռƵͬʱŬѧϰ
Ϊ֪˵ʵ飬Щ˼̵ĳǣԲӦ

ǵһ죬ڴħҽҪħĸԼħħеҪԣͬʱһᴫڸǣħķڤ
˶վ÷ַϣһӣǰĺڰ˹ʼΪħ֪ʶ
ħ͵Ľ⽻ǽСһħڶСǽ
Сӣ֪ѧٿԼ
СӣпµǿħֻҪ滨ʱ䣬ܹѧ᲻ħ͵ġ
֪ǾҪûѧϰħ츳ˡ
ѧڤСǵĵմħͷȻҲѧħ͵УǾʹˡ
֪ӣƺѧϰħ͵棬Ҳر⣬ʱ䣬Ӱżġ
Ҳ֪ħջûиСӣӰȤɣ
һСʱ󣬽˹ڻħ֪ʶڤĽѧ
ˣ֪ʶȽ⣬ָڤ
ҲҪѧڤ𣿡
СǺħ飬ʵ
СǿħͷʵͬһֻǶĽзһˡ
ʹõţǿ൱϶Ŵģõš
Էڽڤֻţǲʹõš
СǵʣҲûЦŻص
ҪҪѧԼҪǣڤɲһ֮ҴһʮֹϵĴУѧš
ҲħЧʲڵţиƣǾһ̶Ⱥ󣬿ԡ
ʲôܣ
СԴ󾪣һСֱӾ
ΪС֪ϸûпԳţ˿Ҳ޷ǿʱħסʱ䡣
ȴ޷ӵ޾
ڽȴ˵ڤԳ



ڶʮ Ԫص

ܲܳҲȷϾҲûԹֻҵõʱôܵġ
ǣȷǣڤܹԼħ⣬ԼǿԼʣ
ߵ˽ͤУֽϰʯȻƻһ˿о
ڤԳ£Ͷǻ֤ûȥͽ͡
ҪûбҪҪԺ󴫳ȥг֮¶෨ʦҪˡ
ԺСǺСӣĽڤ޵300óȻڤļֵʱ򣬽ʵһˡ
ô
Ž𽫰ʯ棬Сӣ֪뷢һ
СǺСɫء
Сǿ࣬ڷȥΪеŷļӳ֣ûеŷӳ֣Ϊ䣬ҲͱͬǿһЩˡ
ûκηȫܽʯȥ
СҲͬ뷨ħʦǱȶʿҪעĶǽԶŵʩ
ڿûгǰϴеħУҲûκһħԼġ
˱ħǿഴģһſƣҲǡƣ
ؼڽҲûõħֻƾ˵ʲô
˵˵ڤĿǿһ˵ʡ
ѧҪѧڤ
Сͬԭ˫ð˵
ʿͱȽעض壬ܶҲҪ֫嶯ܷӳڤⷽо޴ͻƣôܲѧ
ãڶãָѧϰڤ
ϵĽֶʯգЦ˻

۾оȥӦΧħ˵Ȼոոսǵķڣ֪ûħܶʱûô׸Ӧħ
Сֻ÷ַϣʼָڤ
СӣСڱħħ֪һԺԲƣֻҪڤħͿˡ
ֻ֪һͨˣҪȸӦħ
ܸܲӦħǾҪ֪ûгΪʦ츳ˣû츳ôħԵ
ף츳һ
Сʱ󣬸Ӧ֪ڽһħ뵽ڣ¶˸ȵı顣
֪СССͣͳɼ죬ҳ˶񾭲⣬ּͨܣװơӰݲ衢ȵȡ
ãǼӵѧϰħ츳
ֻû뵽츳ĲСʱʱˡ
ˣ͵ϻؼϰ
ʱ䵽㣬ڤСֻ
СɣˣˣϾҪˣ
СӣͷڵСק˳
ոսʱһ׼˲ٵĺƷɰһµСɸ˻ˡ
뿪ħݣСӣֱӴСɹ·͵ˣ֪򱻼Ůڿ˻ȥСóԾʧˡ
һħѧĻˡ

Сֻ뿪󣬽СǴЩ鿴
΢ջ̳׻ۺءؼҪڷ
ʮн̻֪ʶģнзģнģпഴǱؼԪص䡷
Сǵ˵Ԫص䡷ǿ϶һŸЧʵš
ⲻýġ
ڤȻܳҲܸ壬Ƕħٶȣر죬˵Щ
ڱʦѪڤڵħԲ̫ࡣ
ħʦѧͽܶħʦ֮û취300óΪڤЧʵ͡
룬ܹԪص䡷ںڤǲܾͿԽ⡣
ȻǰǡԪؼС˵ôЧʣƻҪ֪
Լħʦȼ£һֱģ֮ǰҪѧϰѧоᴿԼʦѪΪԼħ
ͨѧֶоᴿѪȻǶʱġ
ʱܸǿԼЧʣҲǸѡ
ûָ⿿ѧǲа
еȫһ󣬽ԼܿĵطǺܶ࣬ȻЩִʶһ͸㲻ʲô˼ˡ
Ҫǣֻʮ飬н֪ʶĵ黹һѧ˺ܴѡ
ԣ廹ҪСͣߵСǽǧȫùܹѧϸ˽ⶫϵ



ڶʮ ĵ

ڶ죬ͬĵ㡣
һٴ˽ħݡ
ֻ죬СΪʦʵҲ˵ʦΪСǵ;飬治ħһȥϸĽŻۡ
ͨϵħһڻħѧУϹѧȻ֪ôСѧϰħ
Сǲʮ꣬ȻΪ츳ѧʮֲҲʵʦǻЩ̫Ϊˡ
ˣĶѧҪǽ쿴ʮóͨСǵ֪ʶЩԼĵط
ȫ̾ǽһЩ⣬СԱ߳䵱ֵнһЩרʵĽͣǵϸֵĳʶԽ͡
Сӣ֪СǵˮƽԼĻɬѶֱӷ˶ѧϰתȥһЩԼȤħ鿴ȥˡ
ֲСһҪ־ΪԽĴڣԲҪѧѧħͲˡ
СӣѧħΪ˸õռƣԼħ㣬Щħħ
֪ѧϰħֻΪСӣһѧϰ˳һЩСӣѧϰħƬħرȤ
Сɣճ˽׼ĸв԰Ρ
Сֵ䣬ƾԺ÷ַĸܿͽԪص䡷˸߰˰ˡ
֮ǰ˵ħֻǱʽͬûʲôġ
ԵԪص䡷ݺƾԼʵħۣȻܿͿˡ
һɡԪص䡷ʱҲ̲סһ̾
һǸ˲ţ
϶ŵġԪص䡷Ȼûа취ûа취ʣħЧʣʵý𾪴ˡ
ҪڤԱȵĻԪص䡷Чʣڤ
ѹСǲʮ꣬ھô׵ķ
츳⣬Ҳռ˲СĹ͡
ҪۼֵĻ϶ڤʤһܳһǡԪص䡷ǿʮҲܱ⡣
ʹˣԪص䡷ļֵħн磬ӦҲߵġ
ɣƾ㽭ǲǾǵĿ˻졶Ԫص䡷
ԣýᶨˣҪʱ佫ڤ͡Ԫص䡷ںϵ뷨

һںһСͣ˽ҵķſڡ
ԭҼǧ飬ڵˣС²һСеĵ鶼˽
һ飬϶ʱЦ˻
Ϊ֪ǧǿƵоںŵоڽһʱڣо޴ͻơ
ƿضϵǼĴϵһħʵȻдȵ
ʮһա
Ѿнӽʱ䣬ʼӴҲнӽˡ
¹ڶϵ͡Ԫص䡷оڽڤ͡Ԫص䡷ںһ
ۣ÷ַϣתںϵš
ֻڿռеڲľ޴Ƥë֫ٺȻھһϵиӵתᴿ󣬻ħڡ
ת˴ԼСʱһͣ
Ӧøȡµ֣ʲôأ
ʱںϺ·ţǽڤǽСԪص䡷̫ˣԽȡµ֡
һȻ۾һ
Ҫͽгɣ
ںϺˡԪص䡷ڤЧʴֻҪ츳̫ħʦҪټ̫ѡ
Ҳ˵ֻҪѧںϺţϴʶǿԻóġ
ԣڽŸӵĺʡ

ʵһ¡Ч󣬽Աߵϣһſơ
һʱһֱоȴһֱûоͷĿƣʱơ
ĿǰΪֹСӣСǺ֪ˣֳɹӡ˽ܡʱᰡơƣʮһſơ
ڲپƣǼÿ춼ڽ⹲ͬѧϰоħϵ׽˲٣ҪСӣС˽Է󣬹ϵȻͱĺ˺ܶࡣ
ԣСǳڽѧϰħ⣬ҲСӣȥշơ
ԻΪʵһѧħ
Сӣ֪Ϊڽѧϰ˲ħʵͬ˺֮£ӡƵ£Ҳͱļ˺ܶࡣ
𣬳˻Ѵ󲿷ֵʱоʹµ⣬Ҳһʱоϡ
ΪԶϵս˽⣬ʹÿоƵʱ֮ǰ˺ܶ࣬Чȴ˲١
ԣСӣ·ӡʮһƣ϶ѾյĲˣ˿ʱġʱơ



ڶʮһ 

ʱƣһſԽٿʱǿƣȻֻܲٿһʱ䣬ڽҲʮֱ̬ġ
СӣշʱƺСӣʹơ
СӣڵħȻԶסһʱ䣬һЩͨԶסһ졣
Ҫ֪Сӣʵǿɲһ㣬ͨſഴơʱܿԽôĺ蹵в
ҲΪʲôšʱôӡ
ʵڽȷǿ󣬵ӲƴһЩĻԼҲϾӰ䡢䡢ػɶ
ǣ֪ҪͿսĻһԼ
ΪʱħӦãѾ˳뻯ĵزġʱƣͻûзֵġءƣͿԿһЩߡ
ԣͿսֻҪסʱ䣬ܹѴ֮ɱ
ǣҲܹͨʱħп֮Կ
ֻǣʱħ֮ǰûнӴһûУšʱҲͷ
ûпѪҲ޷ʹáʱƣҪܹоʹǿʱħҪҵصħۡ
Сӣһռ˶ʮһſƣʱƣÿһƶ޴ĺô
õ˾޴˲ĴԪطİء
ķٶȵ˽ӽٵˮƽҺܹ÷ٶȱĸ졣
ȻлӰο˲ƣӰֻ˲ƵȥĵطԽԶԽħİĻҪԼС
ӰһνӴӰħûйԤյӰӣϢ˷͵Ϯ
ˮꡢħˮԪصĲٿµ򣬿Դٵħֲ
ǿԾˮƽѧ˷ΧԳĬԺ󲻻ʩķʦһЩйĵˣ˵
ѧ׵ħǿڣٻ׵Ϸй
Ƶħ˲Ϊ֣ܸħҵ˸ķʹӵ˿Եֿҿʩϡ
ѧڱħóӵпȺƿ˵ľƵħԴʴĽƵħܹٻꡣ
ƺͱеʧƵħԭԭʧֻԸ巢ãھоƣԶȺͷʩչħ
ƯصƷķĻӰθӵȶҲͷκž
ȻֻǶ̶̰ʱ䣬ħħΪоͿ
ʵԵ˲࣬Ҳһս

Ҳʱûȥһˣ
ʱ𵽺ӿռ䣬Լ塣
ʱϣСдʮҡ
ʱ䣬˿ʼļ죬ڷоħоƺо顣
˾ڤָĳ˳Դ˯ߣħԼǶʮСʱšԡܡ
壬ԡѾȫû˸ãſٴЧʣоħ͵鵱ȻٲԵİ
Ҳôɾ͵ĸԭ
ûԵİ˵꣬ʮһڵĳɹ
һһСǣһʮСʱһǧİʮģһٰʮ죬˽ӽʮټСÿ컹Ҫ̶һٿСǡ
Ҳ͵¶̶̰꣬ԭʮСǣھʣʮˡ
ʮţҲͼּ¡
ԽԼһЩСǵĴȷ硣
һһЩСǣһٲÿ̶һСǡ
Լоħ͸ŻԼħ
ĿǰȻͨоƵħܶħҲֻǳ׶εĸҪƲͷų
Ȼɹʩչ޷ʵսҲʧȥ塣
ΪҪԭ򣬻Ҫȥһˡءˡ
ΪʱħĿǰҲֻСءӦȽϾħ֪ʶ׶صʿʿʱתõʱħһЩԭ
ֻءʦҲûа취ֱʹǿʱħֻͨħƷ
ػԭ֪ʶ϶еġ
ֻҪѧصĻ֪ʶоʱƣȻջ񣬶ʱħ磬ҲЩ֮ء



ڶʮ ݱ¶

ʵϣ׿ʱħءħ֪ʶۣǽѧϰħĻҲкܶڵĵط
ءĺܶණڵ˵ʮаģ磺֣
ʮСǣصҪʲô׬Сǵ¼ʡҲǿڡءһʱˡ
СǶĸɾˣ׬СǣҲ޷ȥء϶á
˾ҲٳɣУϵ˷ذť
ٱСӣʱ˲ͣͣǰĳҲٴת˻ʺǶڡ
ֻصˡ
ͬʱʢܲá
ӭƶɭ
һսϣعĿƶɭЦǰһӵ
ллһΪһزˣ
ƶɭɿϣЦ
ϣſƶɭ
ʵҾϢһʱ
ѾϢܾˡ
ƶɭʼ硣
ңкҪ鱨Ҫֳ㱨
ðɣڰ칫ңֱӽȥУ
ϣߵİ칫ָָ
ҲȥһΣϣᵺǿĵط
ƶɭеļ뿪ǰЦϣ˸顣
ϣһºһ䣺
ϣԺ󲻻֪࣡
ֳ칫ҡ
ſƶɭݸԼļɻ
𡤿ţʮ꣬һƷѧŵ꣬ϸʲô˼ѵҪļܾ֣
ֵܾĸ߼عȨԼһЩǱĺӣȻǴܾ֣ʦָѵһع
ĿǰӵϣԷϡǱ֡
ֳ㲻Щ𣿡
ƶɭҡҡͷָָϽƬ
ٴϸһϣȻۻһ£Ȼüͷ˿ƶɭ
ӵϣҺǰǡһǰʱʦʱһϣ
ʦ
ƶɭֱӵ˴𰸡
ʲô
ȻովЩ²⣬ǵƶɭ˵ʱǾ
ʲô֤𣿡
ʦڱֳʵ˵ĿǰӳΪǿġ
в̶ȣʦв̶ȱȾӳҪôһЩ
Ϊӳƻǿ󣬶ʦƻǿ󣬻иħʵ̫ѷˡ
Ϊ˱֤ܾܹʦİ취һֱ취Ūʦʵʵʲô
ڶԷʵҲĿŵȥˡ
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ڶʮ ʦƳ籦

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ʦСѾҵ˿ֲ֯ϳصڸݵͷǲF22սͲǰ֧Ԯ

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ҳѾã϶ʱһɣ⿿Ųġӡս£ҪͻﰲľսʿСӲգǲܵġ
ҪӦ
ɼﲼլ档
һȺػŷʯͷ
ǰչҪõƬλãͻȻһԶת
ţǾͿǴ棬ȻѳһӣȻĵƹһ͸ĸս·׷ɳڣԶȥ
ʱݿͷһҳִڡ
ﰲʿҽһĸ£Ӳı޵Уսս¡
ȥһŽͳɣ
ݸͳϢͳ뿪ȫǰһţͿԴսս£޵Уö֮Ľһţͳ
ά˹ģʽ
볬ּĸ߿մά˹
ļʮܲͬܵսԳٸϹﻹҪһʱ䡣
ԭȵս¸ϵٵʦһ𷢶϶յķ
ڣ޵Ѿ뵽˶ԷУһ룬ܶΣգòȳǱȥܲܽ޵¾ȳ
ʵӵĹܲʺǱ룬ʺǱսӦ15Ĺ16ҹ22ȹ
Ϊ϶Ƚκ书ܡ
ףսս£
׼½ӺӽǱʱȴͻȻ˳ڼװϵս



ڶٰʮ ͷս

ά˹ƽս򣬲鿴ļʻǲ޵У
սվڼװϣԱ߸żսʿԲ̫ԾֹͣǱˮƻά˹
ǣ
Ƭ̺ͷ￴˻ﰲżŰס
ս͸޵УȻ汻ĿѧһЩͷҪڽȥǿġ
ﰲսҪʲô
սսĲ޵£Ȼǻﰲжʱ˲õԤС
뿪
ﰲٿսɣƺҪ뿪ԭЩԥᣬջѡ˱¶λóȥһؿڴڡ
ﰲٿսαװ޵УԾǲģҪȥ޵УʲôֲϮǵʱɾ鷳ˡ
ԣʱҲ˲Ǳȥ޵Уѡ˸вĻﰲ
ﰲȻոһʵǿѧսսµĻϾû޵ԭļʻõ
ԵͻȻǰ棬һؿڴںʱٿս㣬ֱӺ˸š
䣡
ϰ壡
ּװվŵЩսʿŻﰲʿԱȸոʱٶ£Ҵװ˵´գ׷׾ҪȥԮ
ﰲžеļˣôЩսʿҪ˶öᱻը̻
ᣬҪ
Ȼûȥһŭʹӵ´մ˳
ţѵѾεսս£ðŻĻﰲӴ˼װϡ
ʱһ⣬ȴۿɼٶȻָš
Come on baby
ڸ߿Уﰲŭ˹ָƵ
ȡ㣬ѽƶʱûﰲϵĻʢˡ
ֻһţȻһĻſеӲӣֱ߸߶ȣöԷĻ粻Լ
¿һ£нӽʮ巢ľսʿȥضᱻ˺Ƭ
ӦľǲƶԷöԷʧȥǣӶʱ䣬ȴĸʦĵ
ֱң֣룩
῿ս¸ȽĹܣͣĶȺսʿԼӶĻͲǹԶĹЩսʿɡ
ˣûãȥװ޵У
ﰲҲɵֻ֪Ҫ᲻Ǿͺ˵ȥս޵У˳
ῴսʿѹų޵Уʱ

ᣬѵս£ɱ
ﰲ޵Уǰĳſе
ɱɣȥ˸սȥһºΪ𣬻ﰲǸɵ𣿡
ῴĻﰲ
Ҫ޵£ǰջﰲҪȲ޵£ôԼ
ã˵еҸᣬԴƤǵӮҾ޵У뿪ô
ﰲһס޵УĲӽ
ɱ
Ŷ֣Ҫ嶯Ҫ嶯Ҿ鲻
޵±ĿҪϢˣæӸ߿˼װϡ
Ȼ֪ԼͻﰲʹӮˣԷҲŹ޵£ĿҲʱ䣬ȴԼĸʦϹ
ﰲɫѾϵ޵УȻϷ죬˫ð棬һţĳᡣ
ʮһǴ̨֪ж𣿶ҾҪһҵʱľ
ŶǸʱҲ㿪ЦǸ
ἫֵŹظ
ʢʱŮʿɭﰲȴôԼźоϣõ
Ϊ˲ˣƭﰲȥ̨
Ȼûȥ̨ʱΪȷͦ쵰ģû뵽ԷȻƫ˿ֲ
ǸǸõĻҪ
ﰲһȭݺݵڼװϣһѳһֻе첲
ҪĿɲǵǸŰɱǸĿС
ﰲľȻŻһսʿԱġ
ἴʹŸս£Ҳȫ̶ڱѹŴ
ոò׳ŶԷ⣬˶Էһֻ첲ʱ䣬ԷȻֳ˳һֻµġ
Ѿﰲϰĸս£ûκηҪɱʱһȻôҶͣ
ѽǲǴǵˣ
̧ͷȥһſ޴ɫ򣬷·ʹһİˣ֪ʱǵϿա



ڶٰʮ ּħ

һʹˣǱˣǿһδֱĽ
ڸͳׯ԰ö֫ħҩκð˿Ĳм󣬾ûӰλص˻ʢٴԿ׵Ǹ¥סԿٴλص˸ݵı
صݺһΣͷλø˹
ÿᱻս£˷쳣Ļﰲµĳǲ̲ס˾Ц
Jһܾټˣ
ῴ֣˿
Ȼĸս¾Ż·ϣʦˣ޵µİȫûˡ
Ҳ֣λһµ
ʦȷǿ󣬵ǴʱĻﰲҲıΪʦһΣһʮ˵ľսʿ
ӰΣ
ֱһ˻ﰲǰ
磡
һӣһɫķǿ˲佫ӦĻﰲĵ˳ȥݺݵֵϵļװϡ
޸
һ֣ϵӣڼʱ䣬ٴλָµģ
JȾ޵£
˵
˵ͷӰһʧٳʱѾ޵У
ͨںϡơƵħԭڵĻӰβǷʱٶȿ˺ܶ࣬һϢ
ԳǶԿռ䲨쳣еĸ֣Ͳĵ
ЩľսʿȻʲôռԭҲռ䲨
ǲ޵УʱѾ޵УٴλصԱߡ
޵УȶԱߣҪŴˣ
Żﰲʮսʿڵĳ߳һգһ߶ͬ޵յ˵
У
Զ˵޵УԱ߷˹ȥ
ЦʦĴУϴһ¾ٳʮħɣɱ˵޵У
䣬Ȼǻ䣬ĿǰȺսʿƴ󲿷ֶߣûЧ
ڻķΧħɲֹǻˡ
߿գ۾һȻʼĵԼħ˴Լʱ䣬͵˫ۣ
ᰣ
ʱһ޴翪ʼڽ·͡
ǿű꣬˲併ٵ޴ϣȻ֣Լеľսʿ͹ӶʿӺϾ
ᰣűһƣǷƺƵƣǲͬڷ꣬ҪѵĶࡣ
չַʽŰ硣
ǿŤת£ûһ־ͱȫŤϻ˸Ƭ
ĵЩսʿңһʼֻǱڰתûһֱƬǾǳ˽⣬˲䱻Ƭʳࡣ
ΨʵҪǿһĻﰲ岻ͣɢŵĸ»ڻƬȻűսʿǿһȼǿп֧š
׻
״ٴ䳯ſһָһȴֵ׶ʱϿյֱ£׼άֵĻﰲ

׻Ļﰲжʱ¶֮ɫȻ󷢳һŭ
һ׹Ȼ޷ҪȴԵ״̬ʱԣǲ
Ȼ׻еĻﰲɢķ˲ʧ֮ͬƬʳ⽴Ĳˡ
ɱڣ
߿Уֺϵˡ֤ݣȫħʧջħ
ȻáᰡִΧħеħЧҲԶ׼ġ
ħְֱ
ͷߣ޵УŽ罫ֺǿľսʿȫɱ̲סһ̾
簡ǿɲ֡
Ҫ֪ʹڵĿƼˮƽĸط֣ҪɲСʧ
ʦȻħֱ֣̫ˡ
֪ΪʲôںȻͲоˣ
ʱһԵ򿪸սµ֣ૻһ䡣
ԴŦԼ֮սͷǳĽǣʲôʱǿˣŸľֵҲڲͣ͸ս¡
ڣʦһУٻ֣ʵ֮ŦԼ֮սǿĺܶ࣬ȻãƺҲûôֵ˵ˡ
㿴ĸս¾Ż·ϣѾʦֺ󲻵һӵʱ䣬ˡ
ţϴε¼ܾʦһˣܹԷشǴͿˡ
Ŷҵսս£
ʱ޵УսսҲҲǱɷˡ



ڶٰʮ ˡķ

˼ոˣ
ʱȻ޵Уı𣬶ʱһ
û£û£Ҳ˵һ£ո϶ҪȽˣ
޵Уæֱʾû¡
ʦ˲ħոջڸ߿Уһ˲ƾȻǺ档
˵ΪʲôҪÿ˲ƵǺ棬Ͳ˲Ƶǰ棬ù˵ģոʦʱҲ˲Ƶ棬ͻȻץסļ
ʱ޵ȡĵ²ۣһЦŻȻΪȤˡ
ϲź棬սǴͻȻһһͦϲȻ˲Ƶ˺棬ȻŶԷŵһӡ
û£ȻȥˣҸһ׾ǣ
ʱῪڰο
սսµĻ壬ģȥƳ޵ȥӿѧҸ죬ӵһµսˡ
ô鷳
ʱЦЦֶźֲк
ս
һ߲ƲѾΣ߿Գ֮ΪһŷĶԶԶĴӺɳ˵ǰ
޸
ٴʩչħһսڶ̶̼󣬻ָոµģ
׵
һոµսϣ˲䲹
ˣ
Ťͷʾ޵УԴˡ
ʱ޵УѾһħˡ
ȻոѾһΣһħ̾
ǿʦʦһײҲøʰ·簡
ллл
޵˵Щˡ
һԵᣬѾǼֲ֣ӿɶ޹ˡ
о;ӹˣβͽǣȳˣ
ԶľԼƽϳֵľͿеսһӰΣԭʧˡ

ʱصСʱǰĻʢ١
ͳںͳͨ껰ǲݸĺ½ղӺ;죬ȫλﰲǸϳ˰Χ
ԼҲѸǰ׹Ѿ뿪һŷصͳһ
սʿǿ󣬻ﰲչֹģûϣɹҲӦ
Ĺ⿿ʦ͸һﰲľսʿȫ𣬲˾ӹȥ
ͳ㱨ʱԼ֪鱨Դ鹦ʦ͸
һ⣬©ľսʿ˵࣬ҲȫԷϡ
ΪǺͻﰲۣͬҲὫʦ鱨󣬵һʱ֪ͨͳҪһţԼӰæ
ңͳְλʵӰҲôױᵹġ
ӵִ𣿡
׹ڣͳ͸ͳںʹ˴ִĽͨƵ
Ƶͷλ㱨
ĿǰͿվĿĻ½幫ִĿĵء
ãǵϸʦսߣȺֲһ򾡣
ͳ˵ͷ
ʱֱĿֲϮ¼Ҳͦͷ
ڴʱƵͷȻһʿĻ㱨
ǰĿĵسǿ磬ǵĽ޷ǰУ
磬ڿЦ𣿡
¶˲ŵɫ
սΪͬ޷Ƿ㵽Ƶ
ţͳͳͽһۿ˽ſʹһĳڿк磬ɱֺоսʿƵֱ
ʱͳףΪʲôʦʱ뿪ʱ˵ôĿ϶
飬ﰲľսʿʦĲʲô

ͬʱʢܾܲá
Ͷ٣ȷǴīݣʦʵò𣿡
ˡŽƬѾɼָѵӥ۰Ͷǰ
ӥ۰ͶٿƬϵĽ𣬿϶ĵ˵ͷ˵˺֮ǰƶɭ㱨ʱͬľ
һԵĿƶɭʵ
ֳȻѾȷʦݣô죿
ˡԣʱ˳Ĭ
Ϊ⣬Ҳ֪ȥλش
ߵгԱУԿƵģʦˡ
ӥۺͺڹѸܾعȫ
ӳΪֵܾĴߣҲᵽ˻ʢ٣Ӧ
ĸսȻǲսʱҲֻǸͨˡ
̾ȻܿƣǰɲʿȴһܿƵˣֺܾоܲҵԼķ
ڣҲڱ̾˺ܵڹѸĿƻع
ʵһŮѣӲ̫Ҳ׸㶨
Ψʦǿ󣬶ҶܾʼնźǿĽģʵݻһֱܣǸ޷ӰͿ
ڣƽʦħ֪ʵݣҪڲֵ£ϼһա



ڶٰʮ 齫Ů

ֳиҪƵ㿴һ£ʦģ
ʱϣڰ칫š
ˡʦйأϣ˽
ֳǵڸĵƵиո鱨
ϣƽԷϣʼƵ
ƵﲥŵģǽٻֵĻ棬ƵеϣܾҲ׷ģڻﰲؽܣԼ´µʼĩ
Ƶˡ˿ӵľˡ
ʦֵʵԽǿ󣬱ʾԺԿ˵ʵҲԽǿͬҲʾʦԽԿơ
ԭţҪҪһЩֶΣڿûǲҪ
Ϊһãܾͻᳯʧصķչ
ʱŭʦʦٰæԿˣǿɾһֺƴϡˡ
Ǹˣ֪󻯣պȫɱʱûбҪðա
оռ䱦ʯѣǸܺõӡ
𡤿ţ׿ʦݲ̸ֳЩܾѧԺ׼𣿡
һƶɭʵ
ƶɭԣϸһµ
΢Сһ㣬ѧϰƷȸ棬ǶֿܾͦƼѧԺ׼
Ǻãƶɭ취ܾ˿ϣҪע⣬һҪⷢ˲ţȥѧ
ˡ
˽ʦжôľ裬ֱܾѧԺʦȥʦѧôܻܿᱻʦֶߡ
һʦ֪Լݱ¶пܴʹǸħֵֹħǿɾ鷳ˡ
ԣҪˡ⡱ֽӣӶѧ¶ĿԾҪϺܶˡ
ȻҪʦʵʵݣȷѾﵽܾѧԺ׼ԲŲ
Ҿݵ飬ļˣƺ֪ʦݡ
ˣȺרҵʿĿڲţʹʦ˲̫Ը⣬Ҳкܴ˵ļԸ⡣
ֳҪڼܾѧԺҵУȻǵĵ⣡
ΪˡһִعƶɭһʱͲ⡣
ţϼĻһĹۡ
ˡᶨ
ܾѧԺרܾعĵطж֣иŵĿѧҺͼ˲š
ѧԺѧѧᵽִܾĳԺͱ
ܾܶѧԺҵѧΪĳѡ뵽ܾ֡
ˡķΧ£ʮʦѲӰ죬Ӷ˼Ϸһ̶ȵĸı䡣
˵ҵ󣬻Ļܾ֡

ԤҪһ㣡
ŦԼĽ𣬵һʱԼ壬鿴Сǵ
ԭΪһ˶Сǣû뵽ͳһ𣬾Ȼ
ҲǣԭΪֻǶԸͨĿֲӣȴһȺľսʿСǵȻ١
Ҫ֪Щսʿÿһŵϣɶ첻С鷳
οͷĻﰲʿҪһңԵս
ʵһʱ䣬ջġ
С˲٣ҵĸͳ˲Ĺϵ൱Ȩ˸ߡ
СͳְλȻԽʵһ
ǣʵܷӵãͦġ
磬ͳͨԼĹϵְλܾʩѹǼʹˡҪò
Ŷ齫ŮҪˣ
ڽ׼رоħʱȻӵСϢϲ¶һ˿΢Ц
漴ͳ˱ħһӰԭʧˡ
ǰɯ˰ݵС飬һѧУĵڡ
ԴϳУᵽסÿؼҶԼ
С㲻˵ΪħʹΣҪռʣİʮ˿鿨齫Ҷնʮ齫ħôǻȥҰ
ӼĵڻĿ齫ΪħʹѾһµʱˡ
һ£Сָ£ÿڱ԰ϰѾʹöʮ鿨齫еħֻСһֱûдȥʣĿ齫Щżˡ
ҲŸѣûлָԸӦʣ࿨齫λãҪٵȵȣ
αװżСſڰɯļλص
ɯȥʣĿ齫ʣĿ齫ѹû
С͵ץС͵
ڴʱǰ治ԶȻһŮӵĺ
ţһȾɫ꣬קһƤŰɯڵķ񱼶



ڶٰʮ ˰ɯ

ʱİɯܹС͵ûк£¶˷ܵɫ
ȻʱҲʣĿħǾʦɣ
Դʦֺ󣬰ɯСͶħжӵŮͳʵ˿ʹϳпʼжǻżһֱûб
ڣΪ˿ħʹҲʹħˣȻҪѧϰһż񣬴ﷸΪһ˶ݵĳӢۡ
ԺһˣĳƺžͽħŮħŮ齫ħʹ
˵ǽ֮ɯ¹ǰķӡ֮Կʼ
źڰԿװǰʾˣɯ֮㡪ӡ
һâ󣬷ӡ˲仯һѻĴħȡ
ͬʱһֱڰɯļСССһָĵɯߵļȫ١
ͬʱĽҲѾڰУʼý¼
ô齫ŮĵһγܵµӰɣ

ɯħȾҪȥСϽѵ
ŶԶԶԣ
ɯ˵סϽȡԼ׼õħŮߴϡ
Ϊ˷ֹԼΪħʹ󣬱ʵݣӰ쵽Լİְ֡绹бʦΪ˵ǴΣա
ɯΪԼǰ׼ˣһڵݵħŮߡ
ոΪǵһ̫Բˡ
վסǴĿħʹϽİڵϣҽħƲ㣡
ɯվڵڵ룬Ľħת˸ȦȻǰ˵׼õĿħʹ̨ʡ
С͵ŶʮһСŮŸǰ棬ʱ̲ס˳顣
С֣Ϊʦ
ԴʦֺС͵ѾԽԽѻˣһģʦСһͲһ
ǰÿ϶ںڰ·ߺƫƧвٵջʱ㲻ûһ£ӹǽ
ڣϳ֣ͻȻһħߣԼͱԭأȻþ̧Ͼڼϸüꡣ
üϤͬУɶȥġ
ԣϳֻðհڵڣٵʱЩŸ߸ЬܲһþͲ֡
ۼСﲻÿС͵ûԥ׼ֱǰһƽԷ鿪ӳڣܽͿõ
Ȼȴûеô򵥡
ֻСӿڴѸͳһСľ飬ȻӲһĵлħľһ㣬
磡
һɫķ˲ľзɳֱӽС͵ķ𣬺ݺݵײ˵ͨĶȻֱǷţٺݺݵˤ˵ϡ
ô£С͵ֱ˹ȥ
Ҽֱ̫˧ˣ
ջ齫ɯ̲סԭתȦְ˸ΪʮַħŮݵPoss
һʹħһμΪɯĸо൱ĺãһͻȻʵ˵ĸо
Լһڱϰкܴġ
ˣٲ˾Ͷˣ
ŵΧ۵˶龰Ŀ⣬׷ͳֻǸ͵ŮҲ׷ûС͵İ׼ǰɯлСٴѵ
ƣ
ɯæӿڴͳһ齫Ȼħһ㣬ԭʧˡ
Ķʮ齫ȻͿƵǶʮŻƣĹУҲԼһЩħ֪ʶһ
齫ơֻ˲壬ں˻Ӱεص㣬Դһ˲뿪
Ϊ˷ֹħħ̫Ƶ˷֣С֪ãʹħ
ոǼƿͦİƺǰͰݡɺħʱɯõļƵĽ׸档
ʱ¶һĨ̿Цݡ
Щ¼úñˣԺɯˣóͣ
һӰλصٴδԼ塣
ȻϣСǻһȻֻʮţȷʵˡ
ΪʲôȻʮСǣҪ鹦ڰɯոÿƷһ͵С͵ˡ
ǽģҲǽ
ɯûħģֻǽʹÿƵȨܹʹʩչӦħ
ˣɯÿ齫˺£ǽȻǿԵõСǵģԼʩչħ˺µЧȫһ
ʵҲǽ쿨齫ԭ֮һ
ΪҪӵԱҲΪԼ򹤣Լиʱоħ
Ͼڶ˵ʱڶԸͨϣѾЩˡ
ٳɶ࣬ȫЩϧ



ڶٰʮ ɯ

һһȵʥֵˣ൱ڻڵʥڣMͬҲڵļڡ
ԽȻģҲص˼ı͹˹˾סһ
۵СѾжʮǹʥں󣬽ʹٴοءС磬ȥоѧϰʱħ
ɯҪӼӼ
ɯڣСںԷˣæΧŰɯתȦȦ˵
Գ󣬲֪Ϊʲôͷǳϲģ⼸һӼ
֪ˣ֪ˣ극Ҿ͸˳һ
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˵ⱾΪԼܹѧ׫дģѧⶼǾϸѡ˺ܶѪϣڣһҪýϰѧ漰Щϰ⣬ȫꡣ
Դʥڹһֱ̫
ÿħʹȻҪΪЩѧͷۣҸÿ춢ѧ⣬ûʲôʱ͵͵ܳȥͶƣӢˡ
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ҲǸһõİ취

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˹鵽ɯ극Ĵӱ˰ʣӼһԵĽֹ
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ҲûгԱҪȥԡ
ܸоɯһʱصģڷ䲻֪˭绰ò˰ɣ
뵽˹вһ˿ɱ⡱
Ӧòᣬѧˣ˸ѣû´绰Ҳ
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ټгǸеУʦƼţֻҪ룬¼ȡûģͿһ



ڶپʮ ܾѧԺ

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˹ĻʱĴɳ
֪ǸţһСѾ֤
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ȻûеõԼҪĽ



ڶپʮһ Ѱ·

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Ĳ֪ʦֻΪǸš
ѵҶˣ
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ܾѧԺǲȥģȥ𣬵عνķչǰȫҪ
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ڸ߶˵ʦɲʿɭʿЩñֵܾЩӦûҪһЩ
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֮ǰλŮʦһʮ־ʾķʽٴ˵һ䡣

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ȡֻܶȡʱȴļ䣬ΪԷһӦöȷһ£ŸΪһЩ

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ˡҲֻ֪˼ħȴ֪׻ħжħûó
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ְ֣ͬѧе£ҳȥһ£
ص˹˸кٴ뿪˱



ڶپʮ Ǳܾܲ

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бħ˶֪һ㣬ǾǲҪħӣҲʱħ˲Ƶκһħλá
Ҳ˵ڽĻʱ˲ƵκһħԱߡ
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Ӱֻȥĵط۾ܿĵط˲Ƴɹûоֳ칫ңȻ޷˲ƽȥ
ԣÿһŷ죬Ȼͨŷ쿴ĳ󣬲ٴ˲ƽȥ



ڶپʮ ľ

һʹˣҲѷʲôΪŻ˳һЩ⡣
ұħļ˴ȥ飬Ҳֻ⡣
ҲΪͨոǸħ¼֪ˡǶôĽСһЩ
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ǸеǣƺֵЩĶĽ𣬽ȴǹϵĿھܾˣԭܾѧԺڻʢ٣̫Զ
ĸĸȻʮؽȻôȰ˵ᶨֽ֧
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ԣȻѡŦԼѧǾȫ֧֡

극׼飬ħٴηźš
ףң
һʱûϵԼȻԼҲ¶˲ɫ
صħ𿴵˾Щ㲵
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ŦԼĳֱߣһ㲵ơƣԱ·ʱóֻĸգСܻǰҪǩ
ŦԼ֮սòѾȫ¶Ҳڵеʱ;⸽ҶϰΪˡ
һռ䲨󣬽ӰԱߡ
ôˣɲƽʱ㣡
ͨħԱߺЦļĶ档
е󲿷ʱ򶼻ֵͦģϲչʾԼĺɶɣһԹӣɲ
һƿơƵݸ
Һͼ򳳼ˣϻһʱ䣬ҪȥĻû취ˣʱȥֱӺķҺкòʺŽ㡣



ڶپʮ ƻ

Ȼطɣ
£ͷһ˼ֻܹһץסӰΣһ¥¥
ʦɲһ϶ǷڿУϻ
ԿԱߣһѷ˿ͳ˹ϧû嵽˾ԭʧˡ
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취ڸʦĸһЩҪһЩħĶ෽淢չøµħ
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һ˵ľ޵ģֲʲôţ⿿ԼרħҪΪάħĴڣ֪Ҫá
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Ϊħоħܻأط϶вٷħоħıʼǺһЩõĶ
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Ϊ˹ղħҩʦħһҩĸħԼָƷͿԽɴ
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ַħںħоȷôһ֡
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ΪߺܾܿǷħһɼᣬֻʱ㣬ûбħɻ
ʵ˵ߵҲ򵥣ûмǴ˵Ļɼߣʵǡ涯2ǸѪˡ
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һͷɫİ볤ʮ٣Լ޳ȵΣһ۾ʮ̵ӡ
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һ֡һԱͳһΰˣֳݻǲͬġ
ڻֻʦʩչػ䣬ſʮֻذȿĿֲ֣һ˻ʮޡ
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ֳ֮ħʵսڻڻȵСʦ˵ֱ̫˼ˡ
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ħô׷ߣˡ
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ʲôʵľʰɣ
º󣬽˻ȵԼʣƺ̫ҵı飬εʼ磬ȻЦ
ոõػ𣿡
ػǾ𣿡
Щħİ𣿡
ոǲǺǽ˾һ˴ˣ
ϳΪץС𣿡

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õػ䣬һϿѧģҲٸѧᣬѧĻѧһǡ
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ΪʲôܴЩޣΪҵػǾˣϣλ޵еİ˹һӦ֪
ȻոѾµ˴𰸣׿ڳϣǶǻ˺һŻָ
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Ϊ¹꣬Ҳڹ˷磬ʱĿУȻ˼ֺ⣬Сʦ³ʱ̲ס˸
ϻỺһЩ
뿪ʱ˳ִó˺ΧΪ֪¶Ȳߡ
ܶѾ³СʦкܶСŮǣڿָΧΧʱ¶ҧгݵı顣
лл
ԼΧҲΡ
һ꼶ߣ
ʱһϤĴɤŴ˵ĶС
ԭǸߴĺħվڳվһͷкһ꼶СʦͳķʽɹˮǰѧУ
ȥѧУУҽҵ׸˿еæˣ
ʱ޶Ҳӻһ꼶СʦǸź̤߹·̲ס˸Ц
˶³󣬱ĪվԱߵС·ҹŵǱĴŴʻȥ
·ǱɷǷĶʱִʯԣŶñվڡ
ȻһСӰ޴Ųڰ·»𳵣һӵİ޴ʣµѾǰ˻ȡ
ڸСǲ˼ȻΪħԽôĿ겻йĻؿϣһڹѧĻȡ
Դˣֻ˵лл֣



һʮ ʱתget

Сʦȫȴţһ꼶ҲںĴ߽˳ǱڴԱߵĵȴʱ
һʦ۵ӰƾճⲻԶĺڰСϡ
ʱħ𣿻˼
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ʱڴſڵ֣ȻʲôƮӰڵǸС˹ȥ
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ֻǷҽǰһѾһڿ𣺡
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һ󣬽ǰֻһϢӡԼ
ˣȥ֣Ĵ
ԼɹӰԼɹַֻԸһֻ˳ӵĵ˵ͷڳǱַ˹ȥ
Сʱ
ˣһҡҲóˣȶ㵽طɣ
ǱеֶԼһӰЩ͵Դ䣬ԭʧˡ
Լ涯е࣬ҪһǿһԼˣ

СʱǰǱڡ
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ڽʱתͺ󣬱㿪ʼϸϸʱתʹ÷򽲽һ顣
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У칫ڰ¥ҶϢҲڰ¥Ժ뿪칫ңųǱһȦܻصҶ๫Ϣˡ



һʮ У칫ҵ̸

ڣҪҹڻϷ𣿡
ߺ󣬽΢Ц˹ʵ
˹պļһ˿Ҳ֪㲻Цݵı飬ο
ܴҲõʲôֻҪϷ飬˲УʵĻ㱨һͿˣ
ҸոմλѧϯǣһЩ˼飬Ҫ㱾֤һ¡
˲ഩһģǺɫۣݴĵ˵
Ȼ˲У
ڵ˲ܻԼ̸⣬ҲԤϡ
Ҫ֪ڻϱֳʵѾԶʦպʦ磬ܻӰ죬˲ô᲻ġ
𽫺ͺڻϽ͵˵ǣǰһ顣
֮ǰѾԼ˴Է
ô˵ϣѧػ䣬ٻػǾˣܲڸչʾһ£
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ٻػ󣬽˳һԼз̬ػԭ
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㽫ָڶ̬
˲һ֣ҲûħȣҲû䣬У칫ڵĿռ˲ʮ
״ҲͫԸ̾˲಻ǵ˲࣬ʩ޺չˮƽҲ൱ĸߡ
ͬػһ֣ԭ׸ߵػ񣬶ʱָʮ׸ߵľ̬
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ջػòŵ˲ࡢ˹պڶŤͷ뿪У칫ҡ

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ҲǾԣһûбаǰٻػôаˣػҲʧ
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ħСҲˣػѧУʱѧˣʱʳͽ˶СǿٻػǶûиеɡ
ѧػ䣬ٻػ˵ڵĽġ



һʮ ʦ

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ڣƵ˲϶Ԥ֮ӹұۣܻܿḴķħ
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һʮ ħʯı

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һƻͨķ䣬ųԿףĿԺάøħӹ̵ĺľš
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ϵڿռħˮƽȻǲһ㰡
¹۲һ¶˹ħܿͷ֣ħԭĹ⣬һ㼫ӵĿռħ;ʾħ
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˵ʵǰйؿʵʲôһʵʦһһ
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ڻκʦ޷ʹûӰεĵطΨе˲÷˲Ӱεħǰ
ʱ㽫Եľǣǿʦ˲࣡
ԣػħʯһ㱣ϣʵǵ˲Լ



һʮ ˭͵ħʯ

Ҳǣ˲Ϊΰǻ۵ʦôܻħʯôҪܻʹ÷ħĶڼϷһĹؿ档
һϣ涯ͷȮǲӺ׻ֻҪȥϣι֪ͷȮֻ˯ŵ㣬ħϵﶼ
ڶħϿʱʦ΢ϿСʦ֪ƽ⡣
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ãҪħʯɨǹؾӦڿУ˴ֱģǹؾǺڰʮӣ˽ݾͳ鵶ֱȥʬ
ǸħҩƤֽС͵ڲµѡǰˣôϣ͵ħʯĸа
ֱӽݾһƬճɸʬڵıħʯ
ŶˣһֻܱһƯ䣬ôԴεľ޹֡
ȷΪ˷ǱڻƤӵ͵ǿʳͽպյĺħħ
ԣãǰЩؿʵǵ˲רΪ˿˶Ƶģ˳Ǹ
ħģҲֻڶ˹ħµħ

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ſһ˵ķ䣬ѾѵĲƬԼʧħʯλΰǻ۵ʦʱҲã
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ħһӣǶ˹ħǽóͨľӣָõӡ
ֻ˹ħصħʯѾʧó澵ӣҲû˾ħָͨľӡ
澵ӣûз쳣˲ǼڵϵƤֽ
𾴵ĵ˲У
ԭԴУصħʯҲ޶⣬ҲǺʦʳͽֻǶħʯϵħʮָȤҪоһ¡
оɣὫħʯԭⲻķУÿһʱ䣬ҶèͷӥһЩҩԹ÷ɶ̫̫ʹá
һŦԼʦ
ֻϣֻһʦɣ
Ƥֽϵݣ˲Ҳε̾˿
Ҳû취֪Է͵ħʯƤߵģȻҲû취һħʯ
ֻܼϣǷħ͵ħʯֻһʦ
͵ħʯƤֽΪԼƤֽϵǷħʳͽǵķ
ֻǣЩ벻ͨʦʲôʱһô֡
ȻϢǱȳǱԼ߹أӳǱڽֹӰεħƣݵ͵ħʯ
ˣ׻˭
벻ͷͷǰ߹صܲͨһЩħϸڣҳ𰸡



һʮ ʼæµĽ

ԭߵؿħʯǵ˲רΪкͶԤ֮ӹƵġ
֪оȻ·ƣħʯ֮ززˡ
˲ÿ˹յļξ棬ʶԼݣвʱܹħĻᣬֱˡ
һֱãħʯĿǰ׸ħıضǻյͷħлĵ
ҲһֱûŲߣ
һȣʹӹһ꼶ĩȵ˹꼶һʱ䣬ûȵκεĶ
ȻһԭħʯʵǷǳȫġ
ϾҪ˺ڶѧУڵƤӵ£͵͵ħʯǼܵ¡
ҳֱ٣ǽɡ÷ǷڹԼκεطûڻȳǱƤ°ȫ
ֻû뵽ǣûйħʳͽȴһ֪ʦλʦ
أ˲෢˹յħҩûб
أ޹εڵϡ
ĹأһصʯƬ
أɼĺľš
ڶأ˺˵ħ
һأûͷȮ·ֻǿһӡڶʯͷϵӡ
һ͵ħʯȻ͵

Ҳܵ˲ڼؿﱻֺۼԻԽԽͷ󣬽ڽ뾵󣬵һʱڵľӡ
֮ħǣֻҪ澵ӣô˳Ҳͬħ޷뾵֮硣
ûж෴ģʵûʲô
Ϊ֮磬ʵӰռ䣬ÿ綼УֻҪ֪ķܽ
ʿħʻֿռ϶࣬ÿ綼һֱʹڵġ
ħʦʦֻǷǣȻħǵһЩ
ھ֮磬ԭ·صǱ¥Ȼֻص˹ֹϢңҵһ澵ӣ뿪˾֮硣
ħʯĿǰ˵
Ȼã
ȻԼΪڤڸС˵ܹĳϣļȴ޷һ
һȵɯ͹˹ˣûҵǳİ취ħʯĳҩάǵһֱҵİ취
ҳҩȻҲһֳ˵ľݣʮмֵġ
ħʯʯɽҲʮá
ΪĿǰ˵ȥʲôС磬ʻƽֶӲͨħʯôҲõĽǮˡ
˵ЩҲģĴоħʯϵȻԼħʯĳ̶ȡ
Ҳᶨʱèͷӥͳҩˡ÷Ի߰ķ򸾿Լȥ

ӿռڡ
Űϵġʱơʱװɺɫħʯ̾˿
ҪΪһȫ͵ħʦضԶ
ʱ䣬ҪоʱħҪоħʯѧʹħʯҩ͵ʯɽ
ÿĹҪڤħ塢ħʦȼЩĶи
ͬʱͺһҪӦʱתȥѧϰ꼶ȫγ̡
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ϿλаģרҵĽܰȱ©һЩħϵУħҲӵʵ
⻹ص㣬ص꼶ſʼеռκռҲǳĸȤ
ʵԭһֱռԤЩħǲ׵ģǺһ룬Ȼ˲ôѧʦͷħִڣԤԽôӣ˵Ԥħе㶫ġ
СӣҲһšΡƣԭͺԤռйأԽԤ֪δܷ顣
ѧ;ͨħôԺʲôΣգҲܹǰ׼
ԣɢɢһʱ䣬ɾеҪæˡ
ڣʱתתʱȻƣתĴȴûơ
ҪϵĿγ̱УռΡоռڿΡͬʱھŵ㿪Ρ
ͿԾŵȥռΣռʱתصŵ㣬Ȼȥооʱתصŵ㣬ȥռΡ
ռκٻصŵغӿռоħ뿪ȥ¡
ȥħ취һǵħоһڿռ϶пٴļȥһһЩ顣
ͬһʱ䣬ѧУ϶кüŬѧϰ±ӿΡ



һʮ 

ȻбףһܺͬһʱԼ棬鷳ʹˡ
;ҲҪܼסΪȻʱתص˹ȥ;ȴʵʵڵľеʱ䡣
Ҳ˵ʱתõ̫Ƶͻᵼ°ԭ˰˸СʱΣʵȴ˶ʮСʱ
ԭȻʱת꼶˼еĿΣҲ˵;״̬ļ
Ͼ˼һһڿΣСʱһڿΣŸСʱҪſεҵ꼶͹Ϸټʹʱת
һԽӰ죬ȴҲ㻹ãΪ;ǳ˿ɱȣʹʮСʱѧϰоħʵҲûʲô󰭡
صһ㣬Ǿͨոʹùһʱת֣ʱȻصĸСʱǰСûлָĸСʱǰڵġ
һ̫εظʹʱתû壬Ϊǻᵼԭ㵽ԼһСڶ̶̼¾Ĵ
СĴͻͻ硣
ԣʱתãҲܹȵȥʹãСʹãҪ㹻ʱ䣬ԭƻõ顣

ڶ糿á
ѡ޵һſΣ
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һ£ȻЦ̧ͷܽݣ
ѧȥ˹սħʱ俴ѡα
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ԣܴܽѡʲôΣ϶Ǻһġ
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һ棬˹ֹϢңطͬʱܿλɼͬڵĺܡ
ȻϼͥǳɼķǳãڽԳ˲ֱȽϼ˵ѪͳСʦܶСʦġ
ȻҲкܶСŮף˸Ŭѧϰħϣ´οԵʱɼܳĹע
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һʮ Ԥδռħ

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ʵżͿˣʵһЩҾĵƾͺܲȻͽȲ˺ܶ࣬ٱҪò٣
ĴܽݣǿһСȻֿ˿ĸ߶Ϳ
żҶϲżϹǲʵģһֱȽʵԼʹҲϲĽ𣬵ǵѡ˵ơ
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ʦǺպĴ壬ΪһʦսûһЩҲһļ塣
ƵĸײѧУУħĸ߹ٶкϵҸѣҲ㶪ˡ
ߣǲģҪúѧϰҪŬĩԣһҪǸ֣
ĵĻܽݲû٣սֻСȭȼܵĶ־
㿪ľͺã
Ȱֻۣεʼ硣
ܽݶԽһ飬һ꼶ѧĴϣܽݾͱòͱֳԽԽ
෴ʼʵôֻǺԷֳ㹻㣬ʼкøУûдܽôĲ԰Ρ

ռΣһź˼ĿΣֶδԤ⣬ӶõһȽ׼ȷĴ𰸡
ڿκ󣬸оͦջģĿǰΪſεݺڿѧôԤδķ֮ͬ
ֻÿѧֶռݣ㷨ȥռѧֺħԭȥƲ⡣
мѭķֻҪ㹻ǿȷԵõһЩ׼ȥĽۡ
Ҳȱ㣬ǾΪռԴźܴԤδʱʱԽԶ׼ȷԾԽ
¾ͨռʦҲԤ⵽һ£Ԥ⵽Сʱδˡ
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ռݣֻΪοδǱ仯ģ㿪ʼռʱδѾʼı䣬ԶҪռݵδһϲı̡
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˲ڵ֪ԤԺڹĳɳУҲ뾡취ȥĥͶܾΪȥ̶Ԥеδıɡ

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һ۾һᱡ͸׺Ƭ磬ϸֳĲϸǹӡӣ첲ҲӺͽָ
˵ĸо͡ģ



ٶʮ ͸

֪ȥǷһŮڣʵ֣ðɣӦһֱµġ
ϾġֻܻһԤԣǳĿУԤҲȷˡ
ǲˮƽˮƽһٸռԤԣܣߴʶһܹ档
λŮڣ֮ǰͲϣȻռԤˮƽ治զأռѧĴзȷ
֪ɣŮ֪ʹĿԤδŮʦ֪ԤԻᱻħ¼˾ԤС
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ٶʮ ųʦ

ʾ־Ȼٶèͷӥ̫ˣ
۹Ƴһµ֭ǣƷ
ҾȻɨưɿһֻ
Һȵ˻ơƣȫůĵģ̫ˣ
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ܿȼŻٻɫɫʰ쵵ˮһŷ籩컨Ʈ
Ƚȥɣ»һˣ
ߵſڣСʦ˸кȻת˹ᡣ
һСǾҪ͵͵ӴǱǱǱ˴һɲóļƻ
һ㣬ûл˹ֹϢңֱ߽¥ԱߵķУóͼĵ
ԲסСǣ
ҪץסСǣȻȥħһ¡˳ħơ
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ʱţ翪ʼеĻͼϣСǲ˵Ǹ㣬Ҳһ¥λá
˵ãһҪʬΣ
ſλãð˹һֻڹСǣĹ۲һ´ڵȷû˺С˽ȥ
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ЩȻԩʳͽҲûð˹ԽΪе
ֱ٣ӸӸһűֽϣſһкϵСǱ˵û߰ߣ֪СǻǸкȥڻȣĻҲ޷ƽ
ð˹㿪ֳɹԽĪ£ͨ¬ƽ±ļµܵ͵͵Ǳ뵽ǱڵĴ档
ϣ˶ڴףʥڣҪһСǣʬΣ
ָԭΣ
ʱһȻСǵı𣬽ŲӦһɫħ߾ϡ
ɫħߵ£СɴڹĶ̬ת̬
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תվԼʦС¶˲˼ı顣
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Ȼ㣬Сǲˣɱİɣҿɲóѣ
ǰԼĽҲСǣǴ
ոڻͼϷСǳֺһʱһ¥ֻ֮ǰǰϼ˻䡢䡢ζ䡣
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ͣѧϯͼάһȥץСǣ
Ҳɱģǡ
СĻһ㶣ҪͣȻñƿȻ˲һ˳æٴλڹŤͷͳŴɱȥ
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Ͼ˹Ƕ֪ģ˱󳤳ǻǴûû
ΣգҪ׷
ʱ˹յһӦһߴֹһʩչ׷ȥ
ﱣѧҹȥ
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ˣ
Ĳˣһֱ˽ҪСǰȻ̧óػ䡣
ػСʹħǹǾػ޵Ķ֡
ʹػĽڰУ빥ѹ
ԣ˲˹ռķɹʱСѾľػڵˡ
û˰ɣ
˹յǹһ½𣬷ûº󣬲ſ˵εСǣ¶һ˿Ц
ˣû뵽Ҳн죡
ѧУһﾭղķϷˣԼȴԼĵѧɷŵ˹յ鲻á



ٶʮ ħŽ

ȳǱ¥У칫ҡ
˵˵⵽ô𣿡
˲࿴Žϴִ顢ֺ桢˼Լһֵζ
ڽǱȽϸӡ
һԵ˹ա񡢸ά˹λԺҲ¶˺ɫ
΢΢һЦʼձ˹Ƿе̬ǰ׼õĸ壬˵˳
ǻҪҴӻĪ´صǱʱ˵𣬵ߵſʱȻһоĹڿħۣµ뷨ǸϽصὫ¼
һعʱʥڵѾʼָæãСǱĴڹ
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һԵĸάھȵʵ
Ϸ¼ܹ˹ʦֻ߸СǲС
һ£Ȼô𾴵Ŀ⿴һڣżĻص
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û뵽ҳŶǺڹ˻ԭ䣬ĻָΣСǣ
ǵģҼǵ֮ǰ¿κر̹ڰ˹⣬һƼ飬û뵽ôѧĻԭ䡣
ĵ˵㣬Ȼڽѧϰ̬Ⱥѧϰʮ͡
ܺãǻۡ¸ҡѧƷСǣ˹ѧԺѧһٷ֣
˹ѵõļ˿ĵЦݣԥĸ˸߷֡
ѧԺԺԴҲûԡ
Ϊͬýıֵ֣˹ֻһٷ֡
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ֿÿħϱγеħµķħٶȸ죬ȶ
һԼһЩµħصĹͷħ
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ҲϾĳ涯ѪԿԳ
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Ҳǰλ꼶ѧĿܻΪһλԿһʱʦֵֺͷħһ
һλʮ˲ţ
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ΪϿΣСȻ˽ƽʱı֡
һۣǷֽı֣ϸһ£Ҳôܽܡ
ƽʱһЩεΣѾֳ˽츳Ͳͬ졣

ڴʱһУ칫ҵı¯һɫףϸƳ۵СӴ׳˴ӱ¯˳
֮߳ĻһλŽɫͷױݾµŮ׺һӰĸ߸ʦ
Ŷ˲УǸлǰæץסСǣʱҿΪͷҪըˣ



ٶʮ Ĳɷ

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˲ƺǰ˵ĵԤϣû¶ԾɫЦָվڰ칫ԱߵĽ͵
ӦøлǵĽ𡤿СǵĴڣһ˽ƷǲܽСǽڸѲߵİޣ
𡤿ţ
ЩȵĿ˽·һ뵽ʲôЦ
Ŷ֪Ӣӵ֣û뵽ǿĺãħʵҲôǿ
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˼Ҫеʦֽͨ˽⵽СǱץ£ý粨ƽ
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ԱһЩٿȥһЩλ꼶ʦУӵĸȵȡ
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Լ׼׫дħ顶ڿħͷۡҲΪ˼Ǹ˷Ѫ˹
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ٶʮ вͽ

˹أԤԼձŮߣΪҵһЩʮмֵϢдܴ
ǽ֪λŮдֻķ֮һģķ֮Ϊ˲ȡ׫ġ
Ե˵ŮʱѾ˾衣
ȻʵϣλŮ߹Ȼ׫˹һϵлţΪŮѡ
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Сʱʱ䣬׬һ¡ħ鷢ۣһʽ¡ˣƶʱ䣬Ϊ¡ˡ



ٶʮ 𴫷

ͬʱµİȿ
СĻıޣųصѹһرηС
ηеȴģֻ֡
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˵ţԶԶ뿪ΪСǴηС
ǰޣƽʱҲԸֶһ
СĬĬԵֱƽ˵ϣƺѾĵȴֵĹ
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û뵽òӹô޺ֵ׷ۼгУȴһ꼶Сʦŵˡ
꼶Сʦôˣ
Ȼ˺һԼûбֵֹֻķ˹ȥ
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֮ҲΪǰҲû
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ħߵЩ֣ȫԼˣڿСǵУֻֻǱԼġ
ڣͨԼħֵǱСǵİȫ

ץСһºͼݡ
һڽʱת飬ɫЩ㲵ĺɻ
ΪʲôʱתרŵһʱϢȥ϶ܲˡ
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ĴԳ棬𡤿ŽǻʷϣһûгѧУͻ÷ѫµѧ

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Ϊһʦͬˡ
ˣһ̸һǳҪħܹٵĻָ;񣬻ħ
ǣҪ֤㲻ûеõͬ£ħ̸κˣ𣿡
ַֻںļϣһ˵



ٶʮ ѩб

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ΪСΨһ֪Ķӳڵһ׼ħʦıôļ򵥣ʹԷڲڡ
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Կϵı飬˲ʱ䷨棬ƺĲ̫˽⡣
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ԣȥ̩ѧϰħȣȥ׷ͷ߾Ե޹ؽҪˡ
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мС顢С齫СڣٽʮݻʿųȥǾͷȫҲ޷˵˷ֺ
ң⣬ҲԿʱϻ



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ǿ̩ħȤĻʱҿԽ㣡
һڿŵͬʱҲ˽ŻȦ˼ı顣
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һ˿̩һôⲻгͻˡ
ֻҪ뿨̩ôԹһƢֻҪǻ磬һӦöȥ
Źһȥ̩ı⣬Լеħ֪ʶȥ̩ûѧħ֪ʶƽȵĽǰλǼ롣
ôҲӵĴħϵ֪ʶǿʦȻڲǹһĶ֣еıƸǲܶġ
˵ʵ˹һڵħʵ̩ڵʦ治һܱȵ
Ͼʱ¶ֻᵽһʱȽأڿ̩ʦƺôϡ
ңĸħ֪ʶĴһͱȿ̩١
ߣ
߽ʥӭһɮ۵ĺ˹һ˸
һ˿ûмƣʮƽȵĻ
ʦһ뿪ʥ죬ʱʦػ
ǣߣ
ķʦЩĿһ۹һĽûжʲôֱӦ

֨ѽ
ʥ¥ŹһŤһťǰһȹ̶Ŵ󺣵Ŀռţ˲䷢ת䣬ȻһʽĴ˿ռŵĺ档
̩ƺڿռħ棬źо
ǰʱתƵصĿռ䣬һ̾
ԿȻҲԴͣȻûռſ㣬Կ׿Яռƺ̶ħڡ
ħİɲ⣬ռħΪµһ֣̩ͼźܶڿռħ۵鼮ȤĻȥ
һŽռţŶǸʽĴС
ʱվˣһ˷ʦһ˷ʦ˼һʱͬʱ˸
ǡأ
ΧĽԼܸоĺҪԶԶΧдʱ͸⣬һʱ뵽ء
࣬׼ȷ˵ᲴӵԱߵϲɽϣ
ûȹһشǸ˷ʦǰһ˻ش
һ״ҲЦŽܵ
ҵӣĪȺͿ˹ʦλǽ𡤿ŷʦ
ĪȺͿ˹˸̩ķʦ񣬽ѧҲ˸ͬ
Ҵȥ̩ѵ
˫ѾʶһִŽŴȥ
͹һ뿪λ˹İ˷ʦЩ΢˵
λǹһ˵λŷʦƺҲô
˹Ȼǿ̩Ŀǰ츳ķʦҲҪСķʦλŷʦûô򵥡
Īȵĺ˷ʦҡҡͷ
ʱŦԼ֮սʦһһפŦԼʥڶԷʱֳħĿá
ΪħԼԲǶ֡
߶ڵʵ߲
ǵһ
ĪԶʱüͷһ壬
˹Ѿеħڸ㣬ʵֻΪ츳ûȡ
Ϊκ𾴵ˣԶʦܿ˹ߣʮֵķС
ΪʲôԸѳħڸǣ̩ô꣬ķʦȥֻһֱţ
˹һ仰ҲĪȵĻشת뿪˴



ʮ ʦ

ƿŸŹһ߽ʯ̳ɵĴԺһ۾Ϳ˼ʮλͬɫͬˣſ̩еķʦۣڽŸѵ
УһվͳһŻȦȦĶƺпŵħѵһŴħĸڽнѵ
⡭ʦҲҪ񶷣
ЩԸˮƽ͵ķʦ¶ɻɫ
ħʦԶְҵսʽڵ˻δǰøħǰɵҪǻʱħѧϰϡ
ȻԼżҲϲ񶷣ǴǸ˰ãΪսʽ
·˽ɻ󣬹һЦŽ͵
ŷʦзʦô츳ЩʦһӶѧἸħǺܶ඼Ҫͨǰעħķʵ
Ҵ󲿷ֵķʦ޷һԴĽ赽ħǶԣҪʱŻʹõ
ʵ̩ķʦǳ࣬ܽħӦȴ
˹һԼĹҲ츳ʮֲĿ˹Īȡȼˡ
ҲΪʲôһȽӽԼҪ뿨̩ԭ֮һ
ŦԼ֮սڷ츳ϵı֣ʵЩԾ
ҲԶԣȻ̩Ĵʦǿսѧʹħķʦࡣ
ǣԱڵеĴҲѾǿˡ
ϾֻһħҲǳߣĸħǾ൱ӵĳߡ
̩ʦˣ൱ȫǳߣҶӵĳߡ
Ǵ󲿷ÿ춼ɮһĽŸѵӵžħĸַսɲͻȻѳͨ˿Ա⡣
һĽͣȻЩףΪʲôڰ˹ӵħϣ̩ķʦ֮Ϊʦˡ
ΪͬԼħʦѧħԼѾҪ̩Ĵ󲿷ַʦʵһҲôħ
ħǶԣʵսΪɱʹõ
ҿ̩ķʦʹħԴԴάɽۣ츳õķʦܽ赽ķʩչħҲ
츳õķʦܽ赽ķޣ˻ħʹ÷棬ȻҪһЩˡ
⿨̩˹һķʦƺҲô
ΪһħʦЩսķʦĲôС

䣬ԸǸάɽ۵ҲǸ׵ͷŷûʦǾͺͷŷħһ
ߵԺԣһһصĽָܵ
ָ˿ȷзŴ֪ãҵŴܸܵľĳޱǿĴڽжԽӡ
Ϊ˷ֹ⣬һʱ佫ȡ
ΪһҪκάħĴڣɲںάħʲôϵ
ŷʦķƺǵķͬ
һմ䣬˵һ䡣
жʱһ
̩ĵ⣬Լħ±֣Ϊ֪һ᲻ִʲô뷨
𣿿ΪҲǴάɽǽ赽ķ
ʵҪҪôȥʹá
һƺڽԴ⣬Ҳû׷ǴһλάħǽֻǷһ̾
Ϊ˾ת⣬æʵ
һʦΪʲôҿ㲢ûд䣿
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ŷʦҴȥ̩ͼݣҾӦûӵĸȤ
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ڽŹһҪתǰͼʱλ˹ķʦ˳
˵ŷʦħǿ̩ħҲѶãԽҿ˹ðҪһ֪ŷʦԸָ㡣
ѵЩʦ˹Ļ׷ͣѵΧ˹
Ҫ֪˹ĿǰһУʵǿ츳һ̩Ŷ̶̲ʱ䡣
ڿ˹ȻҪսһǲʶģҷǿ̩ķʦôܲǸе档
˹ʦҾⲢһ£
һ˹ʱüͷ
λʮ츳ҵĵӣ͵ģδĺܶпУ˶ԷԼɱĻ棬Ҳûз
ҪúõĽ̵˹Ϊδ̩Ķµʦػ



ʮ ħʦȷʽ

ߣҾĿŷʦȻǿ̩ѧϰģһǿ̩ħԺĽã
ڹһĲ䣬˹˹ûĳϻ̳Ͽ֣ǲ˵
̩ΪѰܹܹȥ޶ħǹһʼûн̸ħ
²⣬Ҳǹһ㣬ԲŻ
ڣҪһ֤˹㣬ǱһҪǱķʦ
˹ʦ˵һ飬ⲻһõľ
һȸոո֡
͸˹һƢ˹û˷Ťͷ˽
ŷʦΣ
Ҿã
ﰵһ£ȴһʮֺƵ΢Ц
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Ժ˵ᷢ
˵Ҳȷʶһ¿̩ħô
Ǻðɣϣֻǽ
һͬ⣬ҸķʦԽԽ࣬һͽĪҲ˹Ҳֻһѡ
ʵǵĿ˹˵ҪǸоԼ츳ã̩һֱ˳˳ˮĵӣһشʹ
룬Ҳÿ˹ܵЩۣôƫ
зʦõߣмѵڳ
ĪȼһϿⳡ漴ָѧͽʦǽмѵóΪ˹ͽħдĳء
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Է˸кŴݵĲѵһͷλվ
˹Ҳ¶һ˿Ц˽Ķ档
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Ǹʮ߰ҰʦôĶ֡
˹ʦɫ
սûʼΧ۵ķʦУѾвٵķʦѧͽΪ˹͡
ΪһʱڣδƷʦ¼֤Լħʵˣ˹ںܶ෨ʦѧͽʮеλģ滹вʵ˿˵׷ߡ
𡤿ţһķʦһڿ̩ҰʦʹħôǿĿ˹ʦĶ֡

ռУ
ֻ˹˫һһӰɿռ䷨γɵУ˫γɡ
εĿռУѸٵĳŽ˹
̩ʦսص㣬ܽսͲԶ˷ѷܽԼһһ㣬˹еľ衣
Ȼսʽɲˡ
Ӱ
ֻͳħȣһӣܶĿ˹µӰӣȻ˹һץס˿˹˫ȡ
кȻץס˫ȣǿ϶Ҫˤɸʺ
˹Ŀǰһ֮⣬̩츳ʦķӦ죬ڽҪص˲䣬ڵһţȻֵĿռѸնסӰӡ

һ˺Ӱӱռһնϣ˹Ҳվ𣬲˿ûͣĽеĿռУͶ˽ķ򣬷ֹħ
Ȼ˹еĿռУͶĶԼǷĿռ䲨Ǻġ
ħٻӣһǿ䣬ռи
е㶫ģ
ɫЩصĿ˹Ҳ˻ħЦ
˹ʦ
Сң
Žһݵӣ˹оԼܵ裬һռ֮֡
ҽ໥һ㣬ȻһԾ˰УȻڿ̤ٵĳŽ˹
߶еԾ֮ѥ
˹ڿԾǰȺѧͽʦ뷢һ
ԾħǱħԾħķ
°ͣͨħ֪˲䶼Ϥ˶ԷԴ
̩ķʦͷħҲͬҪϣԷո˫ֶſռ֮Уû취ʩչµħ
Ծħ˫Żʱ˽ϵħЬӡ
Ϊ˱ٱӰħסҪսûʱʩչħսʶӦǲϧ˵㣬磡
ħһӣһɫ˲ɳѾԾϷ׼Ŀ˹ֱӴĵ˳ȥ
һɵֱӷɵ˸ոǸϷݶϣصˤȥ
˼Զ˵
ԱߵĹһ¶˸Ǹɫ
ʱݶִ˿˹ŭ
ռ䣡



ʮ 

ףʧˣ
̧ͷݶվĿ˹˹ȻһȺ˲ڷʧ췢һס
ԣƺһֿռħ
һʼΪԷʹƻӰεħĸӦͶԿռħоͷ˲ԡ
ΪԸоΧĳڱһռɨȻûʲô仯ʵڵռ䣬Ѿڲ֪вı仯ʱ˹˹Ҳ³ݶ
ָоǣǣ֮һֻȶԣ
ľ֮磬һʵȫ෴Ӱռ䣬ֻܳ壬ܳұҪסӻ˵ܹо淴ſԽ
ڣȻоԼ뵽Ŀռ䣬ȴɿԿΧľԿΧ۵Щ̩ʦ
ֻЩΧ۵Ŀ̩ʦƺͿ˹˹ֻãѰǵӰ
Ҳ˵λп˹˹ķʦһĿռħԼһʵռ䡣
ˣ
ڵûлţֻǸо̩ħȻвٿȡ֮ǿռħ
ǰѾռ䴫šռк⿪һ֣Ŀռħ
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ħһ˦ȫλħΪ㣬Ѹٵչ
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ŰȻĽ𣬿˹ҲЩɵˡ
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ħǿϺܸܶ࣬õƿؾռ䣬ٿƷԵ˽й
ϧҲֻǲѧħ꣬츳ǿҲûа취ȫƿؾռ䣬̶ȣѾ˿̩󲿷ֵķʦ
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˹һȻ뵽ʲôֻһȦȦȻһͷ˳ȥ
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۲죬Էڿռħϵоͬͣص˲ħʹҲ

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ĹһĬĬҡҡͷ
Ϊǿķʦ˿̩ԿĶԸάǿڣػŵİȫ
Ҳÿ̩ķʦмְ
һãⲢһ£Ϊ֪ԪУǿĵ̫ˣ̩ҪػסһҪǫ̬ȸŬԼǿ
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ٹ꣬ȵĴ˳֣Ϳս곩ζԪ棬ħҪٿ
ԣÿ̩ķʦʶˣҲһ¡
ǻŬӾΣУںܸõĸһʦȥػ
ڴΪ˹˹ԼҲŤͷһȴνдĽʱ
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Ӱĳ֣ҲѵĻ˲侲ֹѻȸ״̬
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˹ųѵĽͫһ¶˲ŵı顣
Цʼ磺
Ȼûǿ̩䣬ҲǴŵħȴҲĿռħӰΣ
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ȻῪռ䣬ǶڿռħоѾԼ˽⣬ҲǿռħĴʦ
Ҫ뿪ռ䣬ع鵽ʵ磬ʵʲô̫ѵ£вֻһַ԰쵽
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λڿ̩ķʦһֱֵĶôһֱôĺϣԿ˹ƣʮֵȡ
ؼħʵȻôǿͲòôҶת̬ˡ

ŷʦҴȥͼݿɣ
һٴ롣
ҲûоܾƵĺ˻˻֣͸Źһ뿪ѵ
͹һ֮Ī̾˿ǰĻﻳĿ˹ļ
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ΪﶼйɣΪʦҪع涨ȻĶɣȻܵصĴۡ
λʦܣȴһֱ˼벻֣Ҫƹ涨ʮֵķС
˵ԷϾԼʦܣʱڵĻħܹЩ飬Էܵشӣ̲סȥοһ¡
Ȼ˹ƺ飬ֻ͵ת뿪ѵԼķ˹ȥ
Īȼ״ֻҡҡͷ´취ʦѧͽǼħ͸񶷷ѵ
һߣŹһһӵʽһռ޴ͼС
ͼҪΪ֣Χͼƣľʵ˸ָħ֪ʶ鼮
ΧǲͬȫƵģ滹Եħģϵĺܶ鶼š
ǿ̩ͼݣЩħۣս뿨̩ķʦ˽ħۣ˽ڵʵò
Щǿ̩ħ飬صħʦЩԶԪһЩάУܶ඼¼ʮǿħ
ֻԺܶ෨ʦ츳޷ħ飬˹˹ʦЩ츳õĵӣҲѧƤë
ڹһ˹ӣȻʵڶѾʮֲǰʵϣҲûնǿħ
񰬿˶֮Сͼķ֮硢֮ס˹֮ܡп˵ɺȵЩǿħʵͼݵħ
˹ܾų͸Լ޶оħҲô׵ľͰܸ
ոսʩչĻȻǿ󣬵ǲóǿ֮Ӳû˹ƽ⡣



ʮ Ԫ

Ԫ棿
ʣ𲻽һ¡
άħ֪Ϊڰ˹ӵµħУйάħһЩ򵥽ܣԪʣǵһ
֪ŽǵһЩ֮ϢҲڰ˹ӵµһЩʷп
޵ģҲ޵ģڵֻһʱ䣬ͼһ±ࡷ鿴ԸĻҲڴۿʲôǶԪ棡
һƺ˽ԪĸǼ򵥵һЩͣ𷢳Ҫʶһ¶Ԫ롣
һʦ˵Դҿһ¶Ԫʲô˼
һĽͣڶԪһЩģĸÿܾƽ硢ƽʱ֮˼
֩֩Ĺºͱͺ罫ҪֵǸ֩һ
һڽʱ˵ԴȥЩ㲻ʲô˼ˣѵǴ뿪ȥ棿ǻ᲻Ҫܳʱ䣿
һ˵ƺʮֵɣоǸո˵ͼݿһļ򵥡
һЦҡҡͷ
ʱ䲢಻ᳬһӣʵҲ޷̫ΪǿĴڣһСģǿɾͲˡ
ҿŷʦԸȥĻҲֻܴȥ
ҵꣿ
ٴ¶˲ɫ壬Զˡ
ǵģΪ̺ŴħҲǳ⣬ǲ̫һԪ棬ܻܶڵ죬ʱЩ鷳
һȻĽ͵
һĽͣһȻɫӲĿһ
һʦ˵ҵ̺ħô£
ʵŷʦ㲻ýţ֮ǰѵ˵ԴﲢҪҪʲô
ȻҵͱȽϴ󣬵ʲôϹŰ壬Ϊ⣬Ͱ㿴ʦеˣǿɲǽ̻ᡣ
ڽ⣬ҪάħͿʩչħһ㣬ŦԼ֮սʱѾˡ
ϾԪд󲿷ֵάħʶЩάħʲôʲôҲ˽⡣
̩ͼĺܶħʵҪЩάħܹȥ׵ʩչ
ʩչħʱħչַʽκһάħ
𣬵ȻԸ֪ʩչħʱǴⲿеǿڽȡֱӴԼħȻͷħ
ֻЩԲҪȻΪ˱򣬾Ƴȥնȡڰάȵάħȴȥһķʦʲôõͷ
һʦԭ֪ˣ
ЩεЦЦΪԼصĺܺã䣬˼֪ˡ
Ȼ¶ҪɵˣѵʱΪһ˵Ǿ仰ָóάɽάħ
ԭֻҪȥԼ
ûдʵϣԺԶԪЩάħҪעЩΪ壬˵Ƿǳģ
һʮƽİοһûֽ
ȻˣǾ鷳һʦȥʵĶԪ棬ʲôİɣ
ԭ£ﻹЩִģڿ˼ҹһûж⣬Ҳһˡ
ֻ˵С֮ĶȾ֮ˡ
ãھߣ
ŹһĻ£ûκηӦͷֲ֪ʲôʱԼĶͷѾһӡһƣȻͱ֮⡣
ԹԣҪǴֱ꣬ӹǶ㶼㡣
ȻһͿ̩ʦȣȫһ
ոô׵ľʹܿ˹ùһûеôʵ֤һܱеĻҪ
Ķ֮䣬кܴġ
֪ΪʲôֻԪϣĺּӸС
ԼǰվŲ΢һ£ǰĹһ˸Ц
һǰסЦ
ǰһЩǿķʦȷͦϲ뿪ȻĴȥΣΪǾúң
Ҳ뿪̫ã⣬òѾȥ֮˵ʬ壬ά
Ǹʦǽɣ
뵽񻰰ɹУǸԪ̫ãӻ𻯵λùɡ
ڽӦ״̬ʱһһӣȻоԼǰľɫ䣬ȻͼǴ˺嫵С
ͷһһεɫסĵ
ǵһλÿ⻭ǰֻڵп
ȻȽ̾꣬˵ٶȺȻ쵽һԶ򣬶һĲɫȻֱͻռıϣ͸ն뵽һصĿռ䡣
棬磬޵ĿܣҲ޵ǣʵԴͷ˼Ҳʵ
еڵһеаҳɱ¾
һǣţ·ʱлһͬ棬ķ羰кȻ򣬶һЩħİƺЩµ⡣
ʦһ
Ȼʱһڰ棬һһŤƺʲôһǷŭ
ʲô
ķĺڰάȿռ䣡
һѵõɫһЩ
άħ񣿡
¶˾ɫ
ո޾ǵصѹʵֲ̫ˣҲֻа˹ӵħصЩάħ񣬲ܹ֮ۡ
һ˵ͷ
ǵģķԭǸʦͶάȣеΪ˰άȵס
ڶάħжԵȫвһ
вǿ󣿡
ӹһĻոǸԼһάħ񣬾ȻڶԪлģбָĴڡ
һŤͷЦЦ
ǿģϲֺ׳Լһλ˵Ƕвάħ񣡡
ƺʶ
ոսȷڶԷɢľ񲨶У֪Է˹һ֣ʮֵķŭ
Ҳ϶ˣҪɵ򣬲ֹˣҪôۣҵʵɲĶ֡
ֻķ뿪ĺڰάȺʵͻܴܵͨʥİҲܹܺõĿԲſԽˣϻԼĺڰάȻָ
һֺܴĲƺܵ˾ţ֪ˡ
ʱĽһεĶԹһʵµ֪
ãǸķ뿪ڰάȣʵ½棬ҲǾûбߵġ
һȻԶνˣʥӳɣҲڵʵ޷󼰵Ĵڡ
һŽڶԪпٵתһȦص˵Ŀ̩
һ˶Ԫ֮УܹӣǶڽԣȴϵ˽⡣
ԶڹһĻǷǳмġ
ֻǣ˵ЦոԼǿħʵÿ̩ķʦ֪ˣʲôˡ
ڣһͨһ˶Ԫ֮ã֪ʲô졣
Ԫгź֪ܶʶͬҲΣգҲ޷̫ãԾ֪ʶŷʦͨͼĲȥϸ˽⡣
ڣҴȥط
ȵع󣬹һִŽ˲ιۿ̩

ŷʦĿǰ츳ķʦҲʮǿħҪǿ̩Ҫҵĵӣһͬػİȫ
ʼǸУһһͭװõĲݸ˽
軹е𣡡
ûӦһ룬һڲ裬¶˾ȵı顣
һҲû׷ʣֻǱº͵Ļص
Ϊһۣںܶ෨ʦϲһĲ裬һ£Ҳܲ
źǻųһ£ټţһζҲãŶҲһ˿ζұȽϲ֡
һ߿λӦһ룬һ˸ڲһµƷ
һĽ󣬾Ȼʮͬĵ˵ͷ
ܺõ뷨ҲһҾ͸ȥһԣ
̧ͷǰŰɫɮۣզһƢܺõͨŮ˵ʦ̾˿
һʦʮֱǸҲϲκ֯Ҿһ˻һЩԡ
ʵͨĿǰĽӴһ˵ȷǳʵǿȴ˿ûмӣʹܣҲûҪ̽ߴϵõʲô˼
ҲʲôϹŶʮֶıͨͨոպȲǼ¾ܿ
Űˣ˼Ĳ裬ǾԲ᳢ӷۣǺĻڸУΪǲϲͨϲı䡣
ǹһͬüӷۿܻ᲻ͺȻĳԼ棬̽ȥʱҲǺܿͱʾԳһ¡
̩죬ʦʹǽҲü뿨̩ԺӦûܲ
ԺΪĳҪƻһЩ̩ĹأĻԹһԸӦҲͬ⡣
ңļ뿨̩ݹһΪʦһħһʵոտᡣ
ǣһ˼Ǿܾʮ˵뷨
ԭǣԼԺܵǿ̩һЩأҪϵ븶̫ϡ
ǸԵģֻҪˣʱദǾһУҲˡ
ļ˿̩ͶһʦһʦֵܣԺһЩȽ
ⲢҪġ
뿨̩ôǽԼħ֪ʶȥ̩ħ֪ʶǷ̩ʲôҲǷһʲô
ˣԺ̩ΣգĹæ˳һЩСǡ
̫ǿôҪԱסԼΪܰͰﲻ˾ˣҲľʲôǷź
ΪЩﲢδôҪ
Դ̾ˡӳЩһ
磬ĿǰԣֻҪи׹˹ðɯΪ֮һеͿˡ
ѧоħѾǳ̬ħ֪ʶҲ㹻ι̣ûйһָѧϰҲ̫
ٲãһΪ뿨̩ܾĿ̩Ĳ飬ʹԼħ֪ʶΪҲͬ⡣
ôֱӷԼĺܶħ֪ʶҲûо׵ĵط̩ħҲֻǽǱҪѧϰġ
ңͨǰܶ಻ͬħ磬Сǣʹûп̩ħ֪ʶʵҲֹͬǰֻ΢һѡ
Ļش𣬹һʼЩȵģΪΪûзʦܹ֪Ԫİأһκ󣬻ܾ뿨̩ܾΪĵӡ
ͬʱڽľܾǷĵͣΪʾԷԼΪ׷ʧԼ
ԸܵħʮֳԵģڽͼݿӵħʱ۾ƺڷŹ⡣
ԣȻڽľܾʾϧȴû߸еźЦŻظ
ûϵÿ˶Լѡ񣬶ҲõʲôֻҪԸ⣬ɿʱ̩ͼݽħ顣
̩ӭķʦǽħ
һ˼ԣǽ𲻴ӦӰ̩ѧϰħʮֿ㡣
ȻҲпǽĵܴܺļ̩ʦǵĶ־Ǳ
Ҳͬ׹һ˼Щ˼ˡ
лһʦҲὫҵһЩħɲᣬȻڿ̩зʦȤĻҲѧϰ
УԺ̩鷳ҪҵİҲ岻ݴǵĸϹ
ʵ̩ʦ㲻Ƿ࣬ͼǿħһѣһЩħ˶ķ
ֻǺܶ෨ʦ츳УǸħ飬ҲⲻˣһЩҲû취赽㹻ǿʩչ
ԽҲԼһЩħڿ̩챻ķʦѧᣬȻԸ
ңħĴħϵڿ̩ħ飬ħڿ̩ķʦԣӵѧϰ
ΪǵһЩħ֪ʶͬģҪǿĻ츳ȥת⣬Ӧó
֮ԿںʹãΪ㹻ι̵Ļÿһϵħʦָ
ڡءħлȵڶʦħʦѧͽħҲаͶָ˹εħΣħŮһħƣСŵʿ
ںϸԼħԽѧǿ
̩ķʦǰ·ң⿨̩һЩħ۾Ѿܳ˵ǽµЩ漰ħϵۡ
ƣҲֻйһħ֣ܹɵĿµħ顣
˹һǸزǲԼµħԸԼˣΪʵһģ˼ҸûǸҪ
һ죬̩зʦѧµħȻЩħôңΪµħЩȱ㣬һ
ǾͶлŷʦˣҲԺĿ̩Ҫİæ
һԸԺ̩ػ϶ʱ¶˸Цݡ
ŵʱȻҪæѾ˶ˣµʦ㣬ҪɳİæʱͺҪˡ



ʮ ܾС

һºŦԼʺ
վڿоڵħȻʳָ𣬻ĻһԲ
ŽʳָƶһܹһͨħȦ֮˿Уǿ̩ʦıѧάɽ۵Ĵš
ʮܽоԼķʽɹתͷų̩еĿռħ
ͬڻӰΣάɽ۵ĴŲȥԼѾȥĵطȥԼȫûȥİطֻҪþͿԡ
һţѾһ޼ʵϿա
ûպá
÷ƯڰУȻóֻǶλϵͳʼԼʵ룬ͿǰԤľǷһ¡
Ƭ̺¶Цݡ
ȻֻλľԼ֮ǰԤľûʲôƫҲζάɽ۵ĴѾȫա
ףϿգôɱ
ڽ׼ʵ飬ٿһŻرоħʱһܾ޴ķɻɹһŮ˾Ŵӷɻ
ֻҪ˾Сã֮ǰɵļΣվͳȵϰߣҲûж룬ſѩ׵ĳֱ׹Ů˷˹ȥ
٣ŮʿֻһΣûҪô˷ѣ
ֽסǴӷɻϵŮˣڰο
Ů˱סıŽǾֵĻص
ллл㣬ҲӷɻҵĶһŶȻ˳򡭡
ȻŮΪųʱһӰӾͳǵͷȻǽŮһġ
ѳɱ𣿡
ĶͷǸһָ
ӵķά
Ư£Ǹ˵½ٶȻһƯ˰С
Ǵ˽ɡɱġ
ŮǱƯƮڰеǰ𿴵ӱŽɡ׶ԷɱҪˡ
λӴʱһ±ƣΪԭɻˣ˻ûԼƮڿв½ˣΪԼСǰ˽ɡ
ţͿԼҪȵĶѣȻһųİ걧˹ųѵʹ
ԣ粻ʹѵʲô߿ѧʵĲ
أôˣѾûˣ
Դǻøش±״̬عΪһܾعʲôûڵĳ̫˼Ҳס
꣬˵оѪЧˣոʵС赹Ϊ̫ˣҿŽɡҪɡᱳֻˣ
ô˵Ҳˣ
Ů˶ʱĴ
ΪܾΪѧңոմܾѧԺҵûãͺͬѷȱ߼عƶɭ¼ľСӡ
֮ǰΪŦԼսͷǲȾΪ˲Լ򲡶ըըٷɻ˺ѣѡ͵͵ɻɱ
û뵽ȻǸӾϣЩʧء
ȿȣ
ۼԷϱҪĨԼ·ˣæŲͽ˹ȥ
ӹֽ˲ͱ飺
Ŷллʲô
ԽС
ûشոշɹȥĴɻѾǰһͷ۷ͣǵϿա
ԭֵܾعҪʱȥǻʢٵܲ˾ֳһģˣǽʲô
̧ͷһ۴ɻϤͼϳֵܾı־
ܾعءֵ£
ܾعꡤ˹
ָ侲͸أǵų꣬ϳǵݣʶǵľֳһۺص
ععǿԽʦȥȻһǷɻϵ쵼˳Ҵ㻰Ǿֳ
ָܾ߲㶼֪ݣͷ֯Ҳ֪ݣڽѾҪûɺαװ
ȻҪڵʵҲûαװıҪˡ
ֻҪڲ֪ʵݣӰ쵽͹˹ɯС
ʵ֪ʵݵˣ⽫ʵݱϸڣƴҲţΪУʦǸŮѾʵ
һ죬ɹٷͨݣ˵ʦ
һ㣬ҲõģΪɻиϵܺõĸͳڣֻҪ漰飬ûз֮ǰͳͻ㶨㲻Ҳǰȥ㶨
ʲô
˵Լʦ͸ĲţΪǺͨһҲΪʦǸŮҲû˵ʦ򰡣
ҲûнͣǱ꣬ŸֱӷǴɻ򿪵ĳڣȻ˻װϡ
û뵽Ǹˣ
ڼװϵĵһۣͿվǰķƶƶɭ
ƶɭڿ꣬ŸʱͫҲһΪͬϳ˽
лλæ
ƶɭ۾һתװʶӣл
ڷ͸غ󣬶ſƶɭ˸ۣ
ˣƶɭҪװˣ֪϶֪ʦֻû뵽㲢ûҵʱ˺ü졣
⣬ðɣֻȥҵļ䣡
һԴƶҲ¶΢εı顣
ƶɭ֮ǰ£˰֣
ðɣˣûʲôط̸̸ҪЩ˾ֳ
ȣȥϢ÷ʻɻغ˹ʰһ²ֿ
ƶɭҪ̸˹ȻŽ𵽷ɻмĺ
Ҳûеʱ䣬ӿռһǰϮЩܾعλͷعһ˳Ȼ½ԭίһ顣
һʱ䣬еľо̩ħϣϾͷߵعҲûϮļˡ
콫ͷߵ¸ˡ
ϾͿ̩ĸħȣͷһͨɵĿֲ֯ʵء
ûϮǸ١ʮ˼ҵľսʿͦġ
ҺƶʱڣҲûоȥ£Ծͳýƶɭ¸ˣԼȥŲ顣
ֱӸ㶨ã㲻Ҳþͷߵ˱¶ʱֱӹȥַǼʡʱʡ
ܣͷڶսʱˣôܻмڣ
ƶɭĻһӦǲţΪΪ߼عȨ޶ûֵܾУκйھͷߺۼڵ鱨
ˣ಻ţǾʵûУǸ߸ӵľǾͷߵļȥǿԼһ¡
¾ˣסʱæˣǻҵͷߵļôҾΪܾϮҵļˣʱҹȥֱӰܲˣ
Ҳ˵ٴλ˸š
ʦСһ¡
Ҫһſ봫ţƶɭæס
ЩɻŤͷ
ƶɭʲô𣿡
ǣܲ鷳㣬ҵͷһ£Ǹ֪Ϊʲôϴҵͷָֻԭ
ƶɭЩ˼ָָԼЩͺͷ
ǳ˳飬ֶƶɭһ䣬ȻӴʧˡ
ƶɭͷҲӰͺ״̬˲˳
Լĳƶɭĵ˵ͷȻٵƿ˺Ĵš
ź棬͵ꡢȡغ˹æһ
٣ľǸʦͷ
ҵͷҪȥ֪ͨ÷תҪȥʢܲ
ƶɭԼĳķԸ

һº󣬿̩ͼݡ
һԲλȦƾճ֣һѿ̩ħ飬Լıһ˹
߷ʦ黹ħ飡
֮顷±ࡷ𷨵䡷֮Կ̩ħۡ
мߵĿ̩ͼݹԱµħһ¼ú󣬲һ̾
ŷʦ㿴ٶ̫ˣ̶µʱ䣬㾹ȻѾͼһ飡
ΪĿ̩ͼݹԱ߻ǵһο˿ٶô죬󲿷ֿ̩ķʦһֻһһҲҪһ²ܿ꣬Ȼٽڶ
ŷʦһζǽ߰ʮȻ;ͻһΣһʼҶÿŷʦûпꡣ
ǷԼˣΪŷʦһʱ䣬ȻͿóǿ̩־Եħάɽ۵Ĵš
Լٶȣһ̩ħ
ֻܸ̾˼ССͣħʵôǿҲûԭġ
ҴСܹĿԿٶȻ˿һЩ
ЦЦص
һµʱ䣬żؼҿ˹Ͱɯ£ԭƻеѪоʵ鶼ʱ£һо̩ħϡ
ȻǱĵѧϰоջҲ൱ȻĿǰ̩ͨ鼮ħķչͶԪеһЩάħ񣬶˸ϸ˽⡣
տ̩鼮ܣħڵûгǰһֱҲ淨һ־󻯡
һʦĦУùĽִеԵʽ¼γڵĿ̩ħ
ĦҲĿǰ̩ʦҪԴ֮һΪλһάɽۡ
άɽһλάħɣһʦĦУڵĹŷϣأŷʱʶǹ˹
ֱ֮ΪȫܵŷϣءȫӵİĦкͲϵĻ˹
˵޷ʹÿ̩ģΪǿ̩ķʦҲûȥȡάɽ۵
̩ĺܶ෨ԴάħҲҪάħܹͷźͷӳ
šռСռ䣬άɽʥ֮֮άɽϵħҪάɽ۵ܹʩչ
˵֮֮ģҪ˺ҵħȡʩչ
ҲΪʲôܶ࿨̩ķʦڷ沢Ǻܾͨԭ֮һ
ΪάɽϵķħķǸ޷赽ʩչ
⣬רȥ̹һһĻشǿ̩ķʦʵʵĻҪЩάħͬ⣬ǿнǵʩչ
Դ˽ףΪʲôһʵ̩ķʦǿôࡣ
Ϊͼħʩչ
ڣҲȻ޷άħȻҲȥǵǣħۻ㹻ʵʶ㡣
ԣͨоħۣתԼڵħάħħͷų
ħԭ淨֣֮ʹڵģάħֻΪóַ򣬲ܹóħ
Ҫ˿룬͸󿴱ʣȥЩħԭȻⷽʽȥ顣
ոʩչάɽ۵ĴţΪһ³׽̺Ŀռԭܹƹάɽ۵ֱԼڵħʩչ
Ҳûȱ㡣
ǾԼħʩչҪӵķħ
ΪܶħıʣʵЩάħıʣǽЩѾӡУһ֡
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ǽΪԼħ飬Լͷţͷ׶ǿԼȻҪܶˡ
ϾûάħôӴ
ͺñ⴫ţһȥκһطֱӽԪУҲֻڵתת
ΪԶˣʵħԲ
۴;ԣȷ˲ҪԶܶ࣬ұԿҪ㲻٣Ƿʱû˲ô죬ӦսС
ʵǣ̩˹һҲûм򿪴ţҪ̫࣬츳ĸͽ費
Щħɲǹ⿿ܿģ
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ڣȻʦܿ˽أԸģʵû˵
˵ʵһôǿӦҲôҪİæŶԣȴʵüЩ⣬ҲЩж



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ѹֹһΪҿЩ鲻ʲôΣգ
ʱħᵼʱ֧һ㷨ʦҪѧˣͦΣգͻһЩʱħʱת
ڼȡڰάȵķע⣬͸õˣͷħԼڵħȥȡڰάȵ
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ھָڡ
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ұ
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վ𣬽Լһܶǰ档
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ٶж죬Ǳ͵Ϯͷ䡣
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׻
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ͽսʵо̫ɣͲҪʲôֻҪͣĴͿˡ
Ϊվ棬ǷŹǸӻܣʱʱĿӰӽİھսʿԭأֱӵ˼¡

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䣡
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ˣ
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ͬʱҲǰ̾ⰵھһ壬˿Ƽ⣬Ҳеġ
ֻǴ˶ѣ
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ڽħļӳ£ʼսʿѹʽĹֻʽȫһ顣
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ԣҵĽǣûǵսĨǵļ䣬ͻԼĹغķϢ
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ոȥսʱѾȡСڵ̫ӣѾûˣ
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ҪԼڤʹЧѾǳ죬ҪдͻûиʮҲǲܵġ
ʦѪᴿδٽħص㡣



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ˣְ֣ǻȥɣԼȥˣ
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Ƥ˹תĿά˼ᶨ
ȻҪô׼ΪƻΪôһ۶ȻˡҪǾ͸ɵ
һҷĿܶѣΪܷ죿
֮ѡˡǾͷ߳ԱξֳΪˡĴ£ܾܹٶ׳
ʵҲˣˡľӪ£ڵܾۺʵ͹ģԶжǰʮֹ
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ˡɶƻҪװĿ캽ĸʱܰռƻ׼ʱգ
ǣ٣
άõȷϺ󣬿첽뿪˰칫ҡ
Ƥ˹óһƵֻͨ
սƻɳսʿִУͷ꣡
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ֻһͷһ˿ȵĻظ

տͷɻϡ
ѵÿӼһ鼦⣬˰쾢ڽŪԼ
޷ӾͿôļʳ
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˹һӺݺݵĲĺϣȻԴһ
˹ʹÿӵķʽҲǲЦҡҡͷ
ȻòÿӣȫѡԼϰߵĲ;ߣ棬һ
ǳвͣȻÿֲ;߲űȽϺʣ˵ûָоˡ
˹ȻԼ뷨
Ҳͬ͵
һڲţʱҶõ棬ȻһȴÿӼţţǲǸоܲʣ
ڽԱΨһʹõķȣĬĬķеĵ棬Ȼ˿ӡ
״ʼ磺
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صտͺ˴ԼĶӻ˷䣬ƶɭ͸ʼ˶Ⱥһǧ֯Աʹ
ΪӶÿտ͵΢¯һȱﴢĺںްĽֱóħһвͣһĻ
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Ŷ÷ʢ÷Ҳǵ㻹
ҾڳңҲ극ǿȥ²ѵʳ
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뵱ûмܾǰħҲˡ
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ƶɭԼѶ鱨Ҳ൱
оԼҲû˭ˣ֮ǰͱʦħɾһμ䣬ԼһֱЧҵܾ֣εĳƺҲļһЩ޸ġ
ҵʱˡֻˣһߣȣǿ˻˺ܾòѡ
λȴǧṩϢʱѾ͸ˣȴֻ˹
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ֱɾ˼䣿òң
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ƶɭǸ֣֡һ䣬һβɾģǸĿʵ
𣬵ֳи㲥ħرʱƵƵıɱ𣿡
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÷ƤֽͿ׷Һ壬ҾͿڿտϢÿտϵ׷èͷӥλãںɡ

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ЩΡΡĽӹèͷӥսķԸȥʵͿĨ׷ҺʱƶɭŸûԷҪ뿪Щɻк
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⣬ǿɶҵĶ֣
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Ҳܹܾûбĺӣŷ£Ϊףʵûʲô˵ҲҲû£ȥǹԷɣ˹Ҳöˣ
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ΪƶɭعֻҪٷۺûͻᶨִУʮԣᣬƶɭҪζЩ
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һ죬𣬿һˣôˡºн飬Ҳԥѡ
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ʮ㣬ڡ
ŶлأҲһ
ؿԼɱյһ䡣
ĿƶɭֺǺǵЦ
彲ĲԣǴֹۣǺǹ⿿һӶʤķԣд
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ڽħɾ£һֱЩ뷨ģÿԼóĹ
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𣬿ƶɭˮƽܾ˾ֳˣû˿¹Ҿ㻹Ǳˡ
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Ŵʿ̺󣬳ǹһµĺ߸Ծ𣬷һ˻
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ȻھͷعףҪͷ߹Ҫͷ߼ලܸáΰ֮ͬԱǡ
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ҲʲôֻҪԼļƻ˵Ǹأ׶ӸʱҲǿġ

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ʱħ൱ħģԽħҲ޷ʱά֡

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վŵϵĿƶɭǱʮöһУѾױΪƽصʯɽһ̾
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ȥɣλǧӦþˡ
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ոյʮöֻǽʯɽʯɽڵϲըˣµĻؼûܵ˺
غٴóèͷӥ
ȻèͷӥŷɵһòͨµĽǰ档

һ佫Ŵ򿪣èͷӥһµ¥ݣšǧۡڵλ˹ȥ
Ȼ󣬻û߶Զһ̶ľȻߵ
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Щǹֱһ佫ǻԵء
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Լأ
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֣ǧۣ˵ʱǽֵܾ𣿸֪һšԴ
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ѹܾΧǧ֯ÿһжܱԤкͶܣѹֻܾڵλ÷䵼
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ЩӰ˵ĶҪѾӵôǿħ͹һ¶ּĴڶвĹϵ
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Լһ˵ûãҲû⣬ЦЦ
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ؽǹڶ׼𣬿ƶɭɫһ䣬¶˲ŵɫ
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ϧǹͷתһ룬һɫħâѾȻһĶԭء
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Ըûħͨˣعרңһͳͳʯԡ
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ˡڣнȡ
⣬ӳڹѸϣάλ߼ϵعڽĵȴš
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ͨԼͨ˽ԼʩչħȻӱԼħ
ͺͨдһԽ࣬Խɶøɶ׬
ھҪάħһоһǵָ²˵ģʽƵһ׷ЩҪʹħ˴ħ
ǰħԼãȻȥһףͨһѪǿħ
ʵѾרóһħŴټԼÿҲڴֻҪһʼͷŵ̫ݣѭ򽥽
ͦʼĽ׶Σħͻںڳּʽӡ
ȻҪȫһ׽̣Ҳһر׵£ҲҪ֤ԼʵܹѹסˣһҲ鷳
ڣ֮ǰڿ̩Ӵ˹һٵ˽˲飬ڲͬάħħķһЩ˽⣬
ݮ壬ÿΪһʵ飬Ȼĸ
ô죬Ҹô
ݮ忴϶ʱ
һ»ص
Ŀǰ˵ҪȸСǺСӣѧϰһЩħߵĻ֪ʶλȡħҪûô졣
ǣǵÿ춼ҪСһҪһЩԡ

ʱһȥ
Сǡݮ塢Сӣ֪Сɣÿѧᵽħѧϰһʱħ߽ǷֲռµĿƽ
ٴһʮСʱæµ״̬
󲿷ʱʹϣڤ׳ħ굥ѧϰµĿƺͳԴһԼĽʽ
У鷳ǵΪССⷽ沢˽⣬ʲôõĽ顣
Խڵѧϰȫһ޵еḶ́кܶרҵʣ⿿⡣
ѧϰĽȻͺȻҲܼƳһЩСҪﵽԤڣûôס
ǣѧϰʱ䣬ʲôʱרȥһ㽭ߴ½һЩĴʦһ£ŸЧЩ
򵥵Ҫ¿ƵĽ³ֵġ֡ƣ漰ռħԭռγɱջˡ
ߡƣڻ˯Ч˯ǵħһֻܹһĿ꣬ߡǿԴΧĿԡ
衱ƣģκεСƣԽκ˶СЧڱСȵȡ
Щ¿ħԭýٴζԼһЩħµĸ
֮⣬ʱһȥЧȫԼħ档
ͨоλάħĽʽټݮϣһµʱ䣬һķ
ȣħķʵҲԼħһͣǩԼȡħȻħΥԼܵͷ
Լħάħȣǿɿ϶ԶԽԼħʱ޶ħȡֵ
ǾԶܳħ֮һ
ħһ٣ǼʹħҲֻܽ߶ʮ
սʹħħֻʣʮ֮ȡħͲܳʮ
ܱ֤ں͵սʱдħԼûħãǿɾ̫ˡ
ͬʱԼ׼ǽһһǽһħǾͻħǷԼҪ󣬷ܵԼͷ
ΪһһϢߣʵϣЩάħȣѾǺõˡ
ܶάħǽһʮĶС
ķָӵǣֻҪôֻҪԸ⣬Ϳ԰˶İάȡ
ȻԶūΪȡħ׳İάȣ൱ڽһޡ
ķ֣˷ӻǲ֪ɵӣһҲȥǩԼȡ
ȻӹԼͷӹķ׷ɱǽҲ¡
ˣݮ壬ڼоħȻ
ħڣԼõԼħݮǰȻʼԼ
ݮ꣬ԼͻȻɢһɴ۵ĹâţݮĶͷͳһĸJħ־нȥ
ô𣿡
һΧŵСǵ˼æʵ
˵ͷ
ˣ˳ҪЧˡ
˵ֽ꣬һöֻݸݮ
ݮ壬֮׸ܵħȻͿԳʩչѧħˣ
ݮ˷ܵĵ˵ͷԥĴϿ֮Ȼ
ӫ˸
ֻݮָ⣬ȻĳһĨ⡣
ڿʩչħˣڿʩչħˣ
ָĹâݮʱ˵ԭ
״Ҳ¶һĨ΢Ц
ǵʹħҪʱڤָħ´ħͲһóˡ
ʵǸ֮ãݮܹɸӦħȻͨԼħͨȡħͿ̩ĵһ
ʹǩԼ˿֮ݮҲħͽ٣ҪľԼħ
̩ķʦеֻһħü¾ͲУеȴἸʮħҿһ½赽ħ
ħ󣬰ԼҪݮ廹Ҫʱȥڤ룬ԼľԼȥ׽ܱߵħͨԼħͨ˫Ļڡ
ֻݮڤ뽫ħһ֪ĵط



ʮ ֮

˼飡
̫˼ˣ
СǺСһһޣͬʱۿݮе䣬һֱͣظ仰
ȻݮֻǷųһ䣬һ˵򵥡ķħħ
ҲħҲŽ̸ݮķĴЩħʦǹе֪һûħʵˣܹѧϰʹħ
һѧңһֱʽΪһȴ֣һ˾ȻֱӾϷɣֱӷɳ档
ħǽܱɿܣϣûκζһģòܣֻΪ㻹˽⣡
֣ͷ˵һ䣬Сǵ˾ඥĻ
ʵˣôħѧϰô磬ķ֣й̶Ĺʽ򡢶ȵȣʵǾԵġ
һʼѧʱڻؽһҪѭձη򣬷ضʧܡ
ǵõʵʯʼоʵʯʱַ֣νĸձηʵҲô׼ȷȷ
͸ʵʯ̺ķֻ֣ᷢҪ룬ôʲôܱ䣬ͨƷħƷƾձ䣬һʵĴһֶ
ֻܶΪ㻹˽⣬ûдﵽǸΡ
еĹʽȵȣҲǰħʦԼ۲˽⵽֪ʶܽᾭóĽۡ
㳬ԽʱͻᷢǵóЩۣǶԵģҲֻƬĽۡ
տʼѧѧʱֻ֪ôСͼٶѧ֪СҲԼΪи
ڣоħȥȫѭʲôеĶɣȥԼ˼άγɶʽֻħŲͣ͡
ҪеĲܣɿܣ
ʱСͷ񣬳ѾҲû뷨ˡ
ѹֶԷħôǿԭԷ˼ϣѾԽȫһϵĴڡ
Ҳǣ뵱Է˵ҪԽĻͿԿˡ
ȻѡԷѧϰħ赣Ǹʮǵѡ
ݮ壬÷֣ͦ񣬺úѧϰħɣ˵ҲΪһ˲ħʦ
ԼĵһλħԼߣȻһ뷨
ȻȻݮʩչħħԴôݮħһЩ˺£ǲҲֵܷһЩСǣ
ǲҪݮѧһЩħԺϸ۲ȷϡ
ĺһԺСǵ⣬ƺͲʲôˡ

º
磬շĿƣ
СӣһдšĿƵݸȻԱ߶ŵʮһģһĽɫͷ
ʲôħ飬ô֮ǰû
ӹƣ֮ǰġСƻСӣЦЦ
Ϊ⼸Ÿħ飬ԳΪ֮顷
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Сӣһ¡
Ա߲ԶСƺߵĶԻ߹һ֮顷
ҿԿ𣿡
Ȼ
˵ͷ
СǷ֮顷ķ棬һҳ˲䣬ʱͫһΪһҳݮħǸԼħ󣬶Ӧ
淭һħԭܣθԼԼȡħķԼӦݡ
ͬʱں滹רŵļħĽѧϰֻϸһеħ䶼Ǹħ䡣
䡢Ư䡢޸䡢䡢ȵȡ
ûһԵħ䡣
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״Ҳûӣ˵ͷ
⿨֮飬͸һЩݮһûħʣȴʮҪѧϰħˡ
Ϊʲôûйħ
Сɻ
ΪҲδõħˣѧħħȥҾЩħѾˡ
΢΢һЦȥʮֵĺơ
СӣĻش󣬶ʱ˫һ
ȻǸᡢˣ
ҪħȴֵԼħ󣬻ûѧħȻħ£ħв¹ħǶôᡢ˲Żĵ
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ո˵ЩֻΪ˺СǺСӣӵĻ
ʵϣЩ֮飬ɲΪ˴ħûôУֻΪø˺ԼȻħС
Ϊʲô¹ħҲ±ѧħ£ǻҪǰݮ巢˵
ڼ鵽ݮѧƯ㿪ʼݮ壬֤֮ǰǸ롣
ݮһڽʱһݮͷˢǽĹͷ䣬¥ȥ
ݮҲһʱƯλˡ
ʱĿԼϵСһ㡣
ˣѾȷֻҪǽʹħ£ͿȡӦСǡ
ҲԿͬ£ߵСҪȱ˺ܶࡣ
ոǸˤ䣬£ܵõʮҵСǣϾ¥ˤȥҲҪˡ
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ʵҲ⣬ݮ¹ˣʵֻħԴڽ𣬵ħԼѧģȻܵõȫСǡ
ɾˣѾýϲȻֻʮ֮һʱ䣬ֻҪԺħˣһЩߣСʮֿɹۡ
һ룬һԼýħɺ£ûСˡ
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δĽһԽԽ࣬ħ㹻ʱԺΪʡ£ֱӾӳȥһħ顷ļߡ
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ΪһٻֻҪЩħˣˣ¾ȵǻˣҲС˵ġ
Ժ󴫲ħʱ˶ӡ󶼻ܺãҶá֮顷һƵħ飬𡤿Ҳͬһάħ
δҲаϾĸ磬ܱа˸׽ܺϲ
磬ǷѧԼһȥ·磬Ͳˣ
쵽ƽʱ뿪ʱ䣬СӣڽƵĽ˸к
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СӣѧУǲһλʦ
磬ô֪
Сӣһľȡ
Ŷһռħѡ
ЦЦûж˵ʲô
Ȼͨռħ֪ģֻǾʱΣλ¸跫ŮӦҪˡ
¸跫·Ůӵű»ҪǿħԼʮ־ͨԤϵħ
ʸеĴʦʸ֮йһʦΪҪȥӢѧ֡
λΪܵתħʦŷίУտԸħߡ֮塱Сӣ
λʦҲҪһᡣ
ĿǰΪֹûħ֡
Сӣ֮ǰȫħȫƣСǺһЩʵҲֻͬбȽǿ
ʸҲӵŲСӣħͷǳĸ֪ħʵҲһϲͨ
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ʱݮһקסСǵĸ첲װͰ͵
ͬ˵ˣ·Ļ԰ģȥ·ȡĻˣջõİ顣
СǼ״ε̾˿
ҲҪβףֲ֮ǰ飬ֻǳʱദ顣
ȥɣ˵·ǿӣǿħҲȥ
СЦЦ
Щ飬СʱףȻͶˡ
Сʱøĸֵܽþϲˣİ飬ȻͻͰ֮仹ġ
ȥ磡
ҲҪȥι·磬Сӣ֪СǺݮ˶¶˾ϲɫ
Уһλ֪ʶԨħʵǿħʦҲһλᡢƽĸ磬һȥ統ȻǷǳֵÿĵ¡
Ҳ⿪ģЩ⣬Ϊÿ춼ڳħоУӲš

ڶ죬롣
Լʱ䣬ħСڻһͨ·ɽµĴš
Խͣһ۾ͿѾվɽµȴСӣˡ
ʲôħ֮ǰĻӰƺЩһ
СǿӻȦгĽ𣬶ʱ۾һ
ֽŻص
µĿռħͻӰҲص㣬Ѿ¼һС̩ħȫˣʱԿ
ˣӰ䶼ûѧᡣ
С̾˿
ͬųԽ룬ħʵԽԽǿܹƣڲϴһµħ
ĽȻҲܿ죬֮ȣҪѷɫ̫ˡ
ֻ˵˺֮䣬Ҳвġ
ЦСǵļ
㻹СԺеʱ䣬
СǵʣδڣֻҪŬµħо͸ٽϱͺǿĵʵԲ͡
߰ɣȥɣ
οСһ䣬һСɽ¥ݣ·˹ȥ
Ȼߵһľ룬СӣСͻȻͬʱͣ˽Ų
пƵϢ
Ŷ˵£ڵĳ˾޴ת䡣
ԭСɽµ¥ϣȴȻһȫɫǽɵԹС
ǡԡƣԡƵصǳҵڣͻᱻ
Сǹ۲һܵԼڿƵļأһʱжϳ˿еġԡơ
ҷģ
СӣóɡƣȻͷħзȥҪֱӷɵ߿в鿴ڵλá
ȻСӣķܱߵɫǿڣȻҲͬ𣬸Сӣһ鿴ĻᣬСӣֻٴ¡
磬ոյǸħܴǳȥ𣿡
ʱ֪۾תתŤͷ鵭Ľ𿪿ʵ
ȻԣҾСӣԼӦҲƿ
̧ͷԶһۣ·͸ɫǽʲô
ԡпռһۼʹռƶħҲ޷뿪ԹԿռħ⣬ͳˡԡƵƣȻҳе©뿪
ҲҪһʱԼѧϰħСӣʵжٵ
ͬʱվСɽſڣֳ֮Ĺ¸跫Թ̧ͷ·ѾԼĽ𣬲૵
˭ǿħΪʲô֮ǰԤУûп
ΰմħʦŷķԸаƵտƣڼǰ뿪ȥӢʱѾԤԵġ
ֻʱԤУûλħеɲļһ

ĻСӣһŽƣԼͷħȻһǰɫǽն롣
ȻɫǽڱնϺ󣬾Ȼºһ
СӣӵħҪΪһǿħʦƣǿ϶еģǿħҪѧʹǡ
״Ŀѵ
ƹȻǿ󣬵Ϊʱõ˺ܶ˵ԭʱû˵ƣͺƳһƵ
ڵġƣ޷ƳԡƵķ
ƳԡƵġءƣСӣȴûա
ǣƶ޷ƿЩǽѧʲôħܹƿ
СӣЩ˼ͷ
ڽѧħжʱˣΪûлѧħ࣬Զι̻СǺͼܹĿ֪
ڼʹóħսԿΪ
޷ƿֻΪƻСӣԶҪǿħҼǵãƺѾˡڡǸħ
ٴοڸһʾ
Աߵ֪Ѿ֪˽˼ڶСӣ͵
ˣڡ˵ֻҪħ࣬ԽãڵƻҲԽ󡣡
СӣǷӦ˹
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ħĲע룬ʼСƹСٵСһֱﵽֱӽһңͣ
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Сӣһȣ͵Ľͷĳ˳ȥ
ҲɵͻһԹǽڵһ޴ıըУԹȫķ飬һſƣƮСӣ
ʱվɽĿһеĹ¸跫񶼴ˣ
⣬µĿˣҪҵİ𣡡
͸ոСӣǼǳǿħԼһܽӵ



ʮ Ůս

ܺãСӣסԼǿƣշǣҲǿƣʲôʱСӣƣܹ㣡
Сӣһ꣬Ƶԡƣĵ˵ͷ
Сӣӵſӽķ֮һħ˵츳úδʵԲ͡
ħƹȻʮǿ̺ʱ䡢ռ䡢ĴԪصǿķ򣬵ʹãȥѧϰԭվɲħ֡
һŬģ
ԼĽСӣҲһû뵽ԼڣȻô󣬲Ŀ佱󣬻СһӦ
Сӣɰģ
һԵ֪һһΪùۼ͡
ϧû׼·
ԭڿСӣ׼ʩչħʱ֪ԼİȡΪרҵӰˡ
Լʩչ˸Լʮǵ㵽СӣսӢˡ
֪ڵħȻ࣬ɼܲס̫ãѶȵħѾѧᣬȻһΣҲ㼫ˡ
СʵսǿСӣħ֪࣬ѧϰħٶ죬˿νǿص㡣
ݮ壬ţĿǰǽĵһߣʲôȽ츳ĵط
߰ɣ
շꡰԡƣСֻȥ
ΪСΨһ磬ŰػĴ˵ӳ֣·ÿյҲԡ
ȻϰգʱҲĵ㣬ܿ½½˽ȡػų˳ӡ
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ӣѾǧ꣬Ҳǧ꣬ӵźǿҲڳΪ֡
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ԷĸطħʦҪҪǶԷȻĽӽƵˣβ˾ġ
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˵㲻;ռǸħȣкܴࡣ
˵ܲЩҪˣ
¸跫ŶĽкҿȻҲأҲǲ˳顣
¸跫ôһҲعŵվڹ¸跫ĶЦ
˼˾ǱȽϲоħµħЩ̲סڿˣɣ

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Ұ죬»ص˽ǰ
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ʽ񡪡ҹ𣡡
ӳһСֽˣڹ¸跫£ֽ˲仯ΪһֳֳŮӡ
ûǰȴԷһ֮նֱӻ

ױԷٻʽɢҲżȤ´һʽ񣬿ԷٵĳԼóػ䡣
ڶػǸŮʽܿײһȻͿʼѸٵŤһ
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Ůʽֻгֱնɱػ塣
ֻҪħػͲɢǱж˿顣
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Ź¸跫ħע룬֮˲ɢһػҲ£Ȼɢ
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ԼػǿɢаԷһ̾ȻŹ¸跫

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ħ۶ôħҪħ֧ţûħΪĶԴǿħҲҪɢ
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ȻеԭһܸƳٽΪҪֽ֮ħЧ
Ҫ˽ħԭҪӦħϣʱתСʱת䣬ûʱ֮ɳֲϣҲ޷ʱתЧ
Ҳǲܽȵ磬ʵʯооʵֱʵʯԭ֮ĲϣȻһԽħħ߳
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ĵʿиص㣬ǾϰͬʱҲϰ书׿̸Ҳ൱˵ãСˣλַʿҲˡ
˵屻ʱַһ֣;׼ֽץС
ԭתħ
˷壬ͲҪװŪˣٲȥǸϾͲ֪Ҫܵȥˣ
־ٶַոЩȻȫţٳٲȥҲٹַƽͷԱԼѲصĽ
һͳǹһѲҪǰȥš
ͳͳʯ
վһԵĽ־һָ䶨ԭأȻַЦ
ֵѣ
ڵַ磬Ǹδаޣڽĸ֪̺ǿҲͱڵСǿһ㡣
˶ԣȫûвģֻҪ࿴֮Ķ˽һʲôŶݼ֮

һɱ㶨ס־٣ַ϶ʱ¶˾ȵɫ
ԭᣬΪķӦòôȻſ¶һֲ۷
ǵʩչ˶ʱףλ귨ʦĵУӦò͡
ϾʩչַĵʿѾˡ
ŷʦڵаóȻȥ
ûйܱס־٣ַЩ֣ص˵
а޵ϳ˭֪ûвʲôأֱӽȥȻǲǵѡ
ֵ˵Ķԡ
ͬĵ˵ͷֳһһַΪӡ
ַ״óһߣ쿴־ƽͷԱ˹ٴʳָһȦ
̽һ¶Էʵ
˵꣬ӿڴٴóȻһŷֽ÷ȼշ뱭УƽͷԱϡ
ƽͷԱ뱭зֽȼյʱ۾һڵϣٴν˱Ƶ֪״̬
ʱֳַһȼŽƽͷԱ
ʳָָƽͷԱǸϣַĬһᣬƽͷԱӵֱֱ
ַǸ㣬һһƽͷԱ෴ķȥ
ͬʱڵĴڣǸոձŮɱ׳ϣȻðһ̣ͷٴγһ֡
ȻҲƽͷԱͬűĴȥ
͵ȺʱŮӼ״ǽ¶һ˿ЦȻݵͳһ֧ջĵĽҧ
ֻһ䣬һֳžջĻĴôһ飬һħĻɫ˿߱㱻˳
һ˿߱·һɳѸٵ˰ʬĲϣȻһϱӦ˴ĵذϡ
ͬƽͷԱҲ˺ɫϡ
þķȻһϵͿǿп塣
ζĿ˵ĶͨԼڷ⣬ȥһ̶ȵ
ַ֮ǰӰǵõһѪþéɽϽһЩϵͨƽͷԱ氬϶ʬ塣
аҲͬסϵƽͷԱ
Ȼ֮Ķûз׵֮ķƻôǿ˵ʵеճ̶Ҳ
ֻ˵ص㣬
СǾСǲַ绹ǸаޣʤʶǼߡ
սǰжַа޿СϢбɱ
ۼƽͷԱĲϳԵպۣϾҪַƽͷԱȼյͷ䲱һӡ
ڣϲ˲նϻߣ˳Ż˿ƻߵŮӡ
ŮӼ״ֱϻߣ¶һ˿Ȥı顣
ݵ̽Ѿ֪λУܲͶ٣Ҳҵ˶Էϵ©
һԾʬ֮һһ߽ŰϿǸڵ㣬ٵıһֵͼ
棬ַ緢ԼȻ޷ڵϵƽͷԱ֪
ȻƽͷԱǸ㣬Ȼƣ·һ룬˳ƽͷԱ죬Ҫ
аħҲҷ
ַһȣȻһֶֻס㣬һֻڳһߣߣһңƽͷԱıǿ
ڣŮûķʩչϵıǿȻ̣Ȼֱӽĵ˳ȥ

ԭΪԼҵԸԷһȴ뵽ȻˣŮҲ޷ִݣ˫һӣһ߷ɳ˲򰬵ʬ֫˹ȥ
Ȼ·ٿľżһٿ˰ϵʬ壬ͨϵʬٿƽͷ٣ַ緢˹
ַͻȻܵƽͷԱæ˵ֵ˵ƽͷԱҲһһʱ侹ȻƽͷԱ·硣
ܼ䣬ƳԱߵĽ𣬷ֶԷ֪Ū˸СʣȻ˹ӣǳ˳顣
˵Ҳྐྵ
ֵѼͣѾ־Ūȥˣõ
ַԼµĹӿǣЦų˻֡



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ҡҡͷַûж˵ʲôûָ˰ʲôæԷܽ־Ų棬ۣѾǲˡ
ֻһСϿĹӵӣо̫ΥЩ
˵ʵԷǳһ˵ӣӶԷ˵ĿʽµΪȷǿǸˡ
ۣ
һշ㿪ƽͷԱĹַӻóƬҶһ漴ߵ
ҵˣ
ֻһץƺץʲôȻһ漴ת²ϵ巨͵ǰӡȥ
䣡
ڣûٿذϵŮӣȻоһɾ޴岻ıĵ˼
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ףܣǿɲУ
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ոǵɽչֳʵЩûмܽ׷ӳôڵĵſɲǼǰĵˡ
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ոַŮӷʱڵķҲͽ⿪ָˡ
ȻҲ˽һִһȴֵҸովȻֱӴӵϷ
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ַĻƽͷԱͣ¹ڲϣıţű˽ȥ

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ӿл£һǱѾɽ̿һӰŻڷ㶵Ůӵ˵
Ҫɢ
Ůӿ£֪ոյǵǰͷŵģʱ¶ޱԹı顣
ֻһ󣬿ִӻͳ˾ŶջȻһ䣬һ߽ȫܡ
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˼Ҫóʲôķ
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Ůһ̧ˮбջֵλ÷׷ѿȻһȳСʯ飬Ư˰С
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һɫĴʯ鳯ԼҲţһ佫Լ
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Ϊе˥ˣԽԽѣΪӰ죬ԽԽˡ
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õķԽ࣬ͻỨʱ޷޵ķԽ࣬õϢȻҲԽ࣬ħҲԽ졣



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ںַ綨Ժȥƽʱ䣬뿪־ٵķӣĽֵй
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ԶɭʱʱĺҪ֩롢ųݹ᾵ĺűȷӻҪľߵȵ֡
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ͬʱŴӵĺڰǡŵŵɯϰֻ۾룬ʮֻ֣Լ޴߹ֵȵȣҲڴʱΧӵܡ

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ȻֻҪҿ϶ɱ㣬˾һ㣬˵ѣ
Э¶ЩЦݡ
ֲǱ̬ȻϲȥĥˣԷܹԾһ㣬á
ǾȰ֪ģھžһɵздɣ
ֱӱһֽһ֧ʣӵϣȻתιʳŵŵɯ˹ȥ
ʱҲֹͣιʳո飬˵һ顣



ʮ һȭ

СϣʼĽԼıѧһд𽻴䣬뿪˺ӿռ䡣
ӵдٶȣҪͿվžɵзûʮǲܣҲҪһֱںš
뿪Ӻ󣬽һȿʼڤһ׼ھռڼоħ
һ죬ҲϢˡ
Ȼû״̬˴ڵβ¥ڣȻӭһ֮͡
ˣҪóºϺŮһʲôͭ忸ӣޣ
ͷŰȾͷ̻صƤ£һָ׵ָףһײϵĲϾǵ⡣
ԱһʹһЩһֱ¶żЦЦ
ٳºϣ˾ҲûܺǶǿ⣬Ժ۵ĳӶǵģ
ԺǺѻҪͷˣ
ͷͷͷ
һȺ廨·ȾŸɫͷơƺϵԣƨ
ָ׵ѻЦ
ģѻ˴ͷ󣬲ǣҿɲôɵʲôϴףǺڵԶǺڵġ
桢ƬӣĳʲôǮ죬ʲôǮ࣬Ǿ͸ʲôԺҪǮǮҪŮŮˣ˭ˬǽп˭
˶ڷĴЦʱ汻Сѹŵ黨ȹŮһ־Ŀ
ºϣѻˣôôϤ
͸ռ䣬ȺС죬ʼԼļ乬ǰļ
Ƭ̺ŻȻ
ԭǡŻС
ġŻСϵеӰ˵ʵûǸ̫ġ
ѧǸʱЩѧУȺܵѧܶ඼ܵϵеӰӰ졣
ºϵ¥ˣ
ʱһС¥ݿ˹
ͷѻָ׵ԱߵЦ滢ʾһ£Ц滢Ǹڿ黨ȹŮǿаһԵϣȻýס죬Ų˺ķ
ºϣľһʲôĹˣ֣
ѻ翴һŰ볤Ӣˣֶһ˴ſ˽ʱĳЦ
ºޱߵѻǰ
Сأߣ³
ǺǣͭĿӣȻΪһŮ˸Ըİ
ѻ֣Ц滢ŵ黨ȹŮ˳
˾ͷ
ºϿ黨ȹŮҪǰȴѻļСܴӺץס첲ǿа˵ϡ
ѻ״ŵŤŤƨɴЦ
º̫ˣΪ˭һ壬ѻǾǹƨǺ군ӡ
ϲǰɣһ棬Ȼֵһһ»ȪǲǶܺã
ȺСҲŹЦ
ºϷŭҪȴΪںţζ޷
ΪֿȵͭĿӣ˵Լ𾴵ĴB⣬ûô
λ黨ȹŮס޷˵۾Ѿˡ
Ȼĺˣǰʱᣬڸˣ
¥ѻŵʱһǱȻ͸еЦ˵Ķ
ĺ⣬˲ֹͣЦĴ˸
Ťͷķȥ
֪ʱ黨ŮӺ棬һźɫ۵طꡣ
ĸ飬ʲôʱģϽҹһʧ
ѻһ꣬ƿڴ
ºϵĿУȻһ˴ϣﵱȻȲˬǿԷˣͰǹ˶Է
Ŷҵ뿴ôҹģ
һֽţȻ̫ħҪʲôȭȭĿС
٣ǶǷͰʲôʱûϽҽϳȥ
ѻԷʶ̧٣ԼһСŭ
ʱĸСϵŽ˹
ĳЩѪȣ㻹Ǳˡ
һһ˿黨ȹŮͷϣסߣȻӭȥ
䣡
Ҫץס첲СһȭһѪǿĸ죬һȭĴһַ·һĸо
еǸС죬һʻĻײһ˲ɳβ¥ĳǽϣһ̲ࡣ
˼ûƺãʮ
ֱһɫ˿˲ȭͷϵѪ¶˸º͡Цݡ



ʮ ռ


СǶԷǿֲһȭסͬסѻȷӦſھͶԽǰʣµСܴ󺰵
ˣҲûɱֻҪ˷־ⲻ֮ǰֻǲڳº˵ǰЩ飬ȻԷǾͲˡ
ǰСܱѻһʶĻеϵͳŽϺݺ˹ȥ
һеģóľϵˣҲֺֿݡ
𿴼ϵ㶼㣬ôվƾԼļؿڡ
ǣĿɿڴȴַˡ
ĽվһҲûϤѪĻ棬ϵϣʯͷһ
һǿСеϵȫ˵ϡ
ûħû䣬ƾ屾ķͨѾ޷κ˺
飡
ʱһǹ
ԭѻͳǹŽһǹ
û䣬ѻǹǰһ룬ֵӵķ켣ϣӵʱһץȻֱӽӵץ
ֽӵ
Ȼֽסӵ˶ǲԼۻˡ
飡飡飡飡飡
ǹаĽѻʣеӵȫ˽ڵķ
ץ£ӵһĳС
ٶȿ϶ûӵ죬ֻҪǰԤкѻ켣סӵ
ڣȻӵҲ޷κ˺ˡ
һֱǽһںһƾеĵս޷ʱһͻȻþѻǹ͵Ϯôֱܿӱɵ
ʹ1ѪǿһֱҪ֤һԼǿȣĿǰҲõǹеִˡ
ʵħˮƽʹݻҲҲа취ħʹҩ
϶ûǿûֻʣʱʵҲ½
£Ǽ𣿡
Էֽܿӵ˶ɵˡ
̧£ǰոõСܶʱʧǽٴζࡣ
ܣ
ʱвŷӦô£Ҳ޵ľſӿ˹ȥ
ǹãһžܽ߳࣬ͲˣҪôҪôǹĴڣͨмܲ¡
Ǹոôϲ棬Ǻúȥ棡
һȭȭĿУҲûΪȺ˷ʱ䣬ʩչӰħ
ʱһƬɫӰУһӰӴ֣ѻһЩҪߵȫס
Ҳ˳ƴ򿪿ռӣӰӽѻȫԽ˺ӿռ䡣
ӿռ䣬Ͽգѻ˾ˤȥ
ǼѵĴӵʱȻ֣һȺſˮǻҪϼľ޴֩룬ǵǰ
۾룬綾Բ̣ϲʳ⡣

ռӣֽ¥еѪĨȥŤͷ˳ºϺСŮѡ
ʱºѾСǰ⿪ӣһ§οһϵĸл
лλȣԺʲôԸһǣ
ʵոЩ˼ĳºҲЩģǣǰˣС;Իĺܲҡ
Ȼ֪ԷǲˣǳĸмԷ
ǲãҿҪһЩˣ
˵ͷص
־³ºϣһǳϰߣ˳֤һԼעһѪǿʵЧһҲȷҪºϰԼ顣
ַ˵ΪʽȣܶŵĴ˻ߺҲһƾӵ㽭
ֻܶ඼Ϊ˴УҲûϵˡ
ҪЩǾ졢ҽˮȸְҵпܵĵŴߣҵһ׵¡
Ҳ˷ôʱϡ
ԣºһƬСܵͭ忸ӣͿˡ
ЩСƺɲ˴£ȫоЩ֮̾ΪϤǾһѺ֡
ټںˡͷѻɱѻЦ滢ֱȥι˰۾룬ºϻʱ䣬ӦþܳΪͷ
ʱСѰЩźˣЧȻ
ҵҪеģ֮齻ҪٻģǾ͸ˡ
֮Ҫ뿪㽭ǰܵõиŸɵĵŴȫɨһߡ
ŵĵħʹ˿ƺһϵǿħԼ£󲿷ֵŵĴУԼĸħֻǿ



ʮ ˶

գ磬ŵ㡣
еħ飬عȻ󻭳һţ뿪˾ռ䡣
Ӧþ⸽ˣ
֮ǰСṩסַܿһĵϿա

ſڹŵң֪Ҷ˵طӿнȥϵĻ䡣
򵥵֪ݺ㱻ӶˣĴ˱
ĵСӣ۵ӣ̫ˣ
֪ǣǳĺʣ
û߽ţСӣ֪Ц
ͦġ
磡
ɫۺɫ۵Сӣ֪Цųſڣæ˵Ļ˻֡
ʱСǺݮһ𣬶һкõ̲裬żµĲ豭˽
ȺȲ裬ĸ״һ͹
ãż
˵ͷ׼ºȲȣŲͬ۵Ůӣ˵˵ЦЦ˽
ǿǱߵĽʱͣ˽Ų
С˵Ǹʦ
ܲӡ
ȷܲ
ϲ͡
ǻʲô
ƾˡ
໥һۣȻϴŲõЦݣ˵ķ˹Χм䡣
ǿɣᰡˣ
ûŮѰ
ϲʲô͵Ůӣ
ڡ׸ûʲôĿ

Сǣǣ
СӣΧŽȥĴ㣬Сɻʵ
Сε̾˿
Աߵݮ̯̯С͵
СǵĽ㣡
ǣ
Сӣ֪һĳԾ
Сǵ˵ͷ
һŸ㣬ڹѧûл
Сӣ֪һȫĬˡ
Ÿ㣬ټСǾʮ⻹Щǵ
ǿһͥӾǶˡ
ʱʽʸѩˡҲ߱ĵĳ˷ſڡ
ΪʲôҲҪ·
ҾͦõģУ緹óԣ
СǽΧмһεĽ𣬿ʸѩó֣۾ʱһæֵ
ʸѩãþò
ôҲ
ӰʸѩҲһ㶡
λദѧڵͬѧһǰתѧ뿪ˣʱǻ˺һ
û뵽Ȼ㽭Сǵļּˡ
ΧŽĽǣʱҲʸѩõĳ֣
ףƺҲз
ĺҲ

ҺЩԨԴԹݷһ£û뵽ǾȻҲڣԵ
СǵȨʱûǵΧм˳ʸѩá
㷴ӦҪٴǰʱһſڵӰͣ˲ʵʵվһߡ
ͬʱԭɳϵСǣҲֱվһҴһµӡ
ǿħ
֪Ľ˳ħֵķŤͷſڿ˹ȥ
ſڣһȥʮòˣĿׯϣһʦۣϹżԾʮֲŷһǵ˽
Сǵ裬ӭλԶдܵĵط£
ˣ
Ҽ˸Ҳ˸
ʸ˸
ҼǺĶ࣬ʵҲȷǿ
ȻûкǰλҼ֣ǶԷѹȸУĿǰǿġ
֮ǰĹ¸跫ǺַӣоǰλҼһĴڡ
ͬڹ۲ҼʱҼҲڹ۲ֻе𾪳̶ȣȽҪĶࡣ
ݶӵҼڽʵʵѾһ˽⡣
ǣʱŷ֣ʵ±ȶеģҪǿϺܶࡣ
Ϊǰķ£ӿħֱЩˡ
ҲԺҪͶԷչĽڴˡ
龰ȻǽĺʱںͽòĴк˿ƵСӣǰ
ת֮ŮǿƵļ̳ߣܺãǳʺδĶϱ
౾ǰˣת֮ŮعȻҲӦ
Сӣ򵥵䣬Ҽĵ˵ͷȻڶϱԸͦϲģתԴ˵
⼸죬ǾͱסݣסɣȥĻҲҵŮǿȥǶ㽭죡
ʲô
Сӣʸһ㶣СҲһ㶣֮ǰĸ׿û
ǾͶлˣ
ԼЦŵ˵ͷ
ռƻܻҴϺһʱ䡣



ʮ ҼĽ

СӣӶ˵Ĵ£ѾȥǰźõĿͷ
ڣʣ½ҼˣźȲ衣
лʱСǵչˣ
Ҽϵ˵
Сǻ䲻ǷǷ˴ȵȻ֮ǰСڵ绰Щ˿ûпŵĳɷݡ
еЦЦ
㲻չˣҲǸȡ裬ã
Ҽͷûм⣬Ϊ׶Է˵ʵֻ˸оԼռ˴ˡ
ϾȥСǵЩ飬󲿷ֶЩ飬㲻϶ôκһдеĵŶõĳ
Ψһģ¾ҵ֮Զص䡷Է˸õġ˻
Ҳ˵ܲ˵һԳǸЧʺͿĸѾ˵׬ˡ
Сǻлѧϰħ·
С˵Ե֮кܴȤ
ȷӦ֪ħʦ֮ôǿ󣬾Ϊħһ
²ţҲҪȥһǸߴķ羰ȻڵŵĵкܴȤǼ֮ǰ˵Щĵ
Ҳûʮֱӵ͸¶Լ뷨
ҪôĥĥģҪ˼ܼ򵥣ûдҾǳǼҸĵġ
Ϊ룬ôֱӵ㣬ҲöԷ֪кȻԿԼɺһ׶Ρ
ڽĻشҼҲûиеȣ¶һ˿΢Ц
ȻȤǿסһʱ䣬ҵе飬ʲô׵ĵطҲԺ½
֮мλʮóҲʮԸָѧϰ
Ǳлˣ
ͬ¶Цݡ
Ȼ֪ģбض̫谭Ҳû뵽ԷȻôˬ죬һҪĶˡ
ͿԷʲôˣ¿ԲµҲ׼Ⲣ
ȻеǣҼ˵󣬾Ȼûڼ⣬˵
ȻʮԸģҼĵˮƽ϶ǳ
һֱڣϾҪɢԻȥ˯ˣҼȻûκЩͷˡ
ԷԽǲ͸оԷԽиͼıԵҼɢʱʳ˿ڣ
Ըҿҵ飬Ը⴫֪֮ʲô
磬ҿͼ֮顷ݮһһЩûʵĺӿѧϰ
̫ˣһֱָСѧϰħݮѧϰʣҵѡ
Ҷһֱܴ󷽣Ҫʲô
Ҽᶨƺûдκ
Գһ£Ҽ˸
ǾͶлȫˣ
ҼʵǿΪʿض;к裬ҲóȻʹȡȡ˼룬鿴ʲôĿġ
ȻԷֵô󷽣ҲôϣҲûڶ룬ȨԷİˡ
ھԵʵǰһжǸƣʲôõĿģȻܹ֮
ҼʵȻǿҲǿ󣬺ͽȣҪϲٵġ

ҼŽ𣬺ȻĻص
ҲǴƻ漰ĵĵ֮ô״ڸˣҼȻԼĿġ
ȣͨСǺԼĹ۲죬ħʦĿǰʵˮƽؼôᣬδлﵽĸ߶ȡ
ҽһʵǿѣԺʲô⣬Ҳǿİ֡
ΣķħʦһһֵԸ񣬴ӺСǵദоͿԿ
Сǽǹһֻ飬𲻽ó˶ʮħ飬кܶħ鶼ʮǿħν൱
ҽħҲ¼Сǵѧϰһֿͨ˶ʩչħ飬ݮ塣
ԸˣҼʮףֻҪرĸرֻࡣ
һ㣬ôƯŮýҶһʱ䣬˵ܿһ䳹׵ҡ
ʱ˶ҵˣҪ̸ʲô
ô£ǿħ
Ҽͽ໥ǣ׼̸ʱͻȻһʮǿħ



ʮ еŮ

Сӣ
Ҽ뿪ԺӴܿͷǹħСӣ֪סǸ䡣
ֻǣħĿ죬ȥҲ죬˸ϵſʱǹħѾʧ

ҼЩĵǰš

Сӣӷ䴫
ƿţСӣڴߣƺЩδӣ㿪ʵ
СӣոǲǷʲô
磬裡
ǽС裬Сӣһ£ܿ˿ոշ˵һ顣
ԭСӣ㽭֮ǰ;εһŮˣκȻ˺ö࣬﷢飬ȻӦʵС
ոǸŮ˿סϾĳ˿Ƶպۡ
Сӣ˵Ҽʱüͷһ£ȻСӣͷο
ûСӣҳһ£Ұ㿴ô¡
Сӣ˿𣬽˵ͷ˱뿪˴Ժһʮİ˽̨ϡ
ξӰʵħǵһμרСӣģѵǿµʲôֻ֣µʲôԹ
ҼСӣվڰ̨ϣ𲻽Բ²
СӣձʱܵӰ죬ʱֻģг֣ȴֱܹͨξӰ쵽ʵȻҪôǶԷʵǿˣҪôʲôöԷõǿ
˵룡
ԣ²Сӣ֮ˣܾܿ㽭
֮ǰС˵ǵʱǿħʦڳɳĹУΪԸ񣬵ٵķʦ
㲻֮һ
뷣ķľˮ׷׵뷣ĥת
ֻҼеķȶСӣһָпǿķ̵̨Ӧ
˲䣬޴İӰ̨𣬽Сӣ˷С
Ƭ̺Ҽȣ¶˼ı顣
ʲô𣿡
ǰʵ
ôĵ飬Ȼ󲿷Щ飬ǹҼʩչķ֪ġ
һ︨ͨܵһַˮռһ
ʵҲڻѧռݽڵռѧռѧˮƽɣֻ˵һѾ
ռѧΪСǸѧĵǲֻռѧĿδ£ҲֻԤһ¼ס
ܿδԤδռѧʹαеȫգѧݽڵ֪ʶҲûʲôЧ
о¿ܺѪйأû֪ѪƺĿ͸δĿ̺츳ѧռѧ˲ͷħͳΪ֪ˣҲȥű˵Ԥԡ
ҵܣܻشΣҪСӣ㽭ƺܵǸŮ˵Ĳٿأ
ҼɫЩصĻص
УСӣǸŮ˵ʵǳǿܺȶѶá
ô˵ҳصȽ㽭ΣҲģ
СӣĻ϶ʱ¶˵ǵɫ
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ݵӣǿʵСӣȻģǸŮƺҲô˺ˡ
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˵ͷСӣҼ˸ͻԼķȥˡ
׷ٵǸŮڵλ𣿡
Сӣ뿪󣬽Ҽʵ
ξ˯Ǳʶ֣漰˼ꡣ
Ȼ֪ν˵УħоСӣеǸŮٴʩΣһʱͨСӣе׷ٵԷλá
ܹڶԷٴ˺СӣǰҵԷǿ϶á
Ҽ˼һ£Ȼεҡҡͷ
Էǿƾڵ׷ٵԷλãµ޸Ҳһԡ
ϧ޸СձûдأȥûҲҪʱ䡣
ʵڸոյռУҪλԷλãϧԷʵƺҲʮ־֮ͨҲֻ޹
ҲǾԣ¹һ޸Ȼ޸Ҫλơ
ͬҲһԴǿռĶ޸а˳ɵİտԶλԷλá
⵹ǲ⣬ԵƬ̣ȥȥ
СǵṆ̀ȻǼģһõоһʱ䣬ֻûеõʲôʵԵջ
ԭػһͨС֦סլĴţԼʮʱ䣬޸ٴδӴ˻
㿴𣿡
СǼҽ֪ģǸһ޸õأٶȲô졣



ʮ ʮ׵ħ

ǡǣĿռ䷨
Žڶ̶ʮʱ䣬ȥձû޸һ򵭶ҼҲɴ۾¶˲ŵɫ
Ų֮֮ߵȼķҵزصУҲûмأԼʵҲܹǿʩչ
ԶС˵𡤿Ż˲ƺͷ֮ħҲûжôľȡ
ֻǣŲŲƵľ룬ҲڷԲķΧȻֱӴռȥձôԶ˲֡
ȷЩŵˡ
Ͼһ֮ܿ侲޸֮ǰĵõϢٴνܡ
Լӣ͵ۣ
ҵλˣ
Ǿ鷳·¹ȥһλ֣
Ĭ䣬ſһѩ׵ĳ
ҼҲ˵ͷ䣬˷ɵ˱Ͽա

һȣһҼԱߣȻһ׷ٵǸŮڵλ÷ȥ
ҼٶȺܿ죬֮ǰķһٶȲ࣬ǱڵķΣҪ˲٣ʮֵɡ
Լʮá

ҼȻָָͣ·һˮ
ˮӦһ£ȻӦһ޵ħϢ
˸˷ˮԱߡ
·˵ĵˮͻȻһǿħȻһɫĽ˲𣬽ˮ
ڣűƾ
Ҽ״ɫħâķȣǰĺɫն˹ȥ
ⷨǺħϢЩơ
Ҽʩƽ磬ʩչĵħ߸ȷе˵ӦǺ͡ƵϢʮơ
ƣഴ조ʱӦҲǲοħķԭ
ħ֮ķȺͺɫĽǿײ£ʱ
ǿĽ磡
ӦϴǿֿҼ֪ȫ޷ɫǿ硣
н⣬ӳʦƣ
ҼɵֳȸΪ˫֣ڷϸ˵Ľ⡣
ڣɫĽ类ҼķȻƿչһɹһͨͨ
ԵܸоҼƿʱǳǺɫĽҲڼ޸Ҫƿٴκϡ
͵Ҽò뷨άγɣһֹͣ뷨㽫ǰ
Īţһ֮
ĬѸٵһѾħ֮ɫħħħڡ
䣬㽫еħһ׶೤賤ʮ׳Ȼ˫סһʵɽݺݵǺɫϡ
䣡
һ죬޴ɫħֱӽɫĽһΪȻ󳹵ױɢˡ
Ҽȣ΢һ£ԽЩεЦЦ
ÿЦˣ
ռ͸ոպͽĶԿѾҼڵķ˴룬ԸոսԿ˲һ¡
ǫˣǼոշ˽󲿷Ҳ޷һƿ磡
ɢȥʮ׵ħ󵶣æЦ
˵ʵҲʵɫĽȷǳǿ󣬶ҲΪҼ֮ԿýĽṹĲôȶԲô׵ıһɢ
ȻʹûҼĶԿһʮ׵ħƿ磬ֻһ϶УҪĵҡ
ҼԴҲոʮħҲܸܵģ֪Էչӣô˵
ǽȥһǺηʥˮ֮°ɣ
ҲûȥͣҼͽЦһ˾С
⾮϶ľͨһռڣҼܿ
Ե뾮кͱ͵һЩƾɵĺԺС

ҼָĺԺŻ˵
˵ͷǰһƿ˺ľĴš
ȻеǣھȻȫˮЩˮƺķƣ;ۼڷڣǴŴ򿪣Ҳû
ʩչˮ䣡
Ҽվ
뱱
Ҽ£оԼ˲䱻ĳϢţʱڶˮȻܿԶֿˡ
Ȼҵķкֵܶýĵط
ħܡѧԶʵ;ͬ飬̽ʵķ͹
ħĻӰ䡢СŲ䡢ߵ˲ƺͿѧͨʵ׶һ
໥оܸõ͸ıʡ



ʮ ȱ

ĺԺķڣԱ޺չĿռ䷨չֳĿռ䣬ҪԶȴ濴Ķࡣ
ǽܿͺҼˮ֣ˮ֮ϡ
ʱҲڿ˴˴εĿ꣬λСӣеŮˡ
һʮ޵ŮӣɫۣüĵŷɫĻ䣬ͷϴžµķʱƯڷİС
ڵˣ
ŮϵĵۣҼ˲ϳѾʧ˼ʮڵۡ
ϸһüͷ
ԣѾˣǹ֮
ûֻʣ꣬ôǿķǰʵǿ
ͬһ۾ͿǰƮڿеŮӲˣֻЩ̾Էûֻʣ꣬Ȼôǿķ
Ҫ֪λħħڱݻֻʣҲֻǿСʩչһЩ΢ħ䡣
ʱƯڿеŮƺҲ˽ҼĴڣ۾
˭ΪʲôĲǿ࣬
Ů˫ۺ󣬿˲ǿ࣬ʶļһʱȻŭǿķɢڵˮ˲ӿ
ȻǺͿйأ
Ů˲ͣ󺰿֣Էһ̾
λڵĵѣȻѾ
ҼŮ˸ҪȰ˵ԷȻȥתҪ˼䣬ȴڻճڣͱŮϣ
Ȼǿ࣬ǼȻ˵ǿ϶ͿйϵҾͰȻ
ҵʮˣҲôһ
˵꣬ҲȽҼظͻֲٿűȾˮϮ

ӭһˮǰһ㣬óǰʱոմӡоıħֱӽеˮȫ˱顣
˵λѣԹҪôأ㿴ҲˣҲȥˣٴĳԹҲɢˣûҪ˼ңתȥɣ
ĻŮӶʱһ㶣ͷϰǸķ૵
Ѿˣܣʱ˵ңҵô꣬һֱڵȣһֱڵȣôˣôܡ
˵˵ţŮӵкȻˮȻϵԹ˲һΣ
һƭңƭң಻ҪȢңҪɱǣɱǡ
꣡
ŮϵԹأԭɱˮҲ˲ȫ飬ֻӿˮŽҼ˹
ֻΣЩˮŮӵԹ˸Ĵڣ޷ٱס
˰첻ǺͿг𣬶飬ǹѪ
ŮӵĻ𲻽Щ
ΪǵŮʲôŮĿ껹Ҫű
˰˼ң͵ģεˣ֮ǰҲ˼һۣ˼ҿ˼ʮꡣ
룬ǰŮҲǸˡ
ÿ࣬Ӧøпȱ¸һЩ
׻
ˮϮַųһ佫ȫ档
Ů̺ԹˮȻǿ󣬵ҪƵǿ䣬ҪһЩ
ѾԹʴ־壬ٲԭԽǿ󣬳Ϊһ
ҼӦŮɢԹڲӣ˫ʣķ
ƣǬţնаաɵ˸˸ͣͨ仯˵۾
Ҽ꣬Ůӵͷ˲һƬƣȻ׵ƬƬĳŮ˹ȥ
ɽķɵ䣬ϧ򲻵ңɢ
Ůӿͷֵƺ磬һЦ˫ֽӡڹֵˮȫٻһ𣬳ǳƬ׵Ƴ˹ȥ
ͨĹ׵ƣŮǰǵˣһʵʮǿ֣ٱڵҼǿ١
Զ䣬ҲԼİ취ơ
ӴˮͳƬ׵Ƭ̣׵ƱȫԹˮˡ
ðɣÿյħ
ҼϵŮƣ𳷵䣬Ĭ
𣡡
һɫĻĳӿŮӰΧȥ
ʱõ䡣
ʵơءɱ˷ΧĺħѾʹˡ
ֻʼʱ޷ܺõƿأóĽɱһǧ˰٣㲻ûһͨˡ
ħԽԽǿħ˽ԽԽ࣬ȻƿҲԽԽǿ
ԴĻУһĺħЧ
ǣʼ޷ֵɵ˭˭Ҫգ㱻Ҳܵ˿˺
ֱǰʱ䣬СӣõŴĴԪصġơ



ٰʮ ֮

ͨڡƵоڻħ˸⣬ǻ䣬ҲѾȫﵽ˲ڸֵֵˮƽ
ɫĻ治ϴӽзɳ۳һͷͷĹޣŮ̺ǿԹˮȻײһ
ԭˮܿ˻𣬵ֻ
ʱͬҲܿˮֻҪԶˮһԽˮȫɿ
ڵˣڽǿħ֧£ԽԽ࣬ټħЧԶͨ˲佫ճɷĩĸ¡
ŮӿƵˮȻʼʧ
Ļ𷨣ǿķ
Ա΢ָһЩҼŽ˿ûκѹĲͷɫǿ棬ڳԼΪʲôôˣδһܳԽࡣ
ΪӼصڶԷ͵ʱ򣬾Բʵ
⡭ܣ
ŮӿԼƵˮɫĻҲʼԼǲŵɫ
˿࣬û
ɫĻǵȼ˫ţȻ˫ſʼӣ𽥽ȫ֡
𣡡
Ҽ汻ɫŮӣ˿
ǿҲǵһн𣬳еĳϺͷĲǶ֡
ȻɢȥŮӲδбճɻҽɻƯǡ
ô£
Ҽ״ѵոôǿĻ棬޷Է
õģӦûˣ
ʱº͵Աߴ˹
ȻŽ£Ůٴ˫ۡ
ֻʱŮӵ˫УԹͷ񣬶峺˺ܶ࣬Ҳ˲١
ֻӿ£ڽǰ棬ε˵
ˮλѣոΪλѴ˲鷳λܹ
ԭڿŮʱδĽյĻɢֻǽϵԹȫյˡ
ûԹŮҲͻָǣٱӰ졣
ڽŮҲǸˣҲûʲô˺ܼ£Ըһȵġ
ѿˣ
ҼŮѾȫָҲͬ˸
Ůԥһ£ſʵ
λѣѾѾ𣿡
Ҽһͬʱ˵ͷ
ˣתˣתһڶӶϸˡ
Ůɫˣ
ǰôֻ꣬һֱڳ룬ΪһﾹȻҵĵԱΪռ
ԣ֮ȲҲȲ
ұ˵겻Ϊһȴ͸öΪǶʱȴ뿪
ضкҪ²뿪ģһֱһֱȣһֱȣȵҵľΪִΪڵϵ񡣡
ˣŮóһݸЦЦ
λҵִѾ˽ᣬҪȥתͶ̥ˣⱾǰĵȨΪлɣ
֮
ӹ飬ŵӡĸ֣۾һ
ʱŮҲâԭʧˡ
ˮԭ뵽ˣ
ҼŮʧ̲סһ̾
ˮڼмص˵һˣΪʱǿķʦ
ǵҼҲλڴ˵Ķֻ֣ͻȻʧҲû˴š
û뵽ȴΪ˿
Ҳ޳
ǻȥɣ
Ѿһεĵ飬ܺõĻһͨұĴţҼ˵
ˣ
ҼŽﰵ૵
ŮǣǿҪͰɲôˣ
ЦеҼ֪ΪʲôǸоëëġ
һǰһĿţ뿪Ǹˮռ䣬صұĿ
£ұȸˣ
ŵģȥооյֵ֮Ͼ͵ķ֮ǰûѧ
֮ǰڿ̩һ˽˲Уһάħ񣬽ج֮Լξάȣóľͨξˡ
룡
ҼЦ֡
˸뿪˿Ӷ˴ȥԼķ䣬Ҽټ峤ϣҿ˻ᡣ



ٰʮһ Ǳ

Ρ֣ԣӹصġ
Ϊÿڽ˯ʱξеĶʱôʵô档
֮ǰСܹΡҲкܶѧҶνиֽ縥µġεĽ
ȻʹƼ˷ִѧ޷ȫξһС
ڷʦԣһҲһʮǿ
ĿУһšΡƣʹúͨεδᷢһЩƬΣҲνԤ֪Ρ
ڵõⱾ֮һ̷ʦǱУͨξϢͨξɱ˵ĵ顣
ȻԽʵҪɱһˣǱξô鷳ѧ͵ķؿħ֪ʶóͷĵˣҲ֪Ӧԡ
ԣ𱻴ͷ󣬱ֱӿռ䣬ڤ뿪忪ʼѧϰڵ֮
һֱڶϣŽ뿪˾ռ䡣
ڶһ磬ҳһٷʢͺСӣ˱СǺݮĴ£ʼʽ㽭֮á
ҲҼһŮĴӵ£ʶһλλͶѾ߰ʮҳϣʼ˹ڵ֮ѧϰ
ʵףȻҼʾ𿪷еĵҲԸѧϰҵ֮
һԿ϶ģǾΪĵһЩһѧĵ
ˣжһǳġ
һֱΪ֮䲻ܴ޶˶˵ĺã㲻뵱Ȼľ;Ӧ޳Ϊ㸶ʲô
֮䣬ҲǴĹϵ
Ҽûκ£Ը⿪Ŵ󲿷ֵĵ飬ԸóĳϽѾǷǳ
ҲʲôĿģڲûбֳ
οҲѾóºϽЩɢȥѰЩܴڵĵŴˣʱ˳ĻȱЩŶĵ
֮ĿǰǿΪҵɽ˶֮˶࣬ʺõҲ١
ܶŵĴʵɽֻ˰ˡ
ַڵéɽɣéɽɵĴв
ȻʱéɽɵʿƸֵǹ룬صǿʬͨ˵ëѪҺǧ֮ƺɱˡ
ʦүԼ˲仯սʿԶʬҲܽսʬڵĦ
ַֻһ㣬ûôǿķܶ෨ʩչˡ

һº󣬼ɳס
ºϺСͿ공󣬱۽˯С
ºϣ°ôˣ
ٴۣԼѾһĵĴߣĲԶһ޴ĳǱ
˵֮ǰСͣо֮λصꡣ
Ҳر𾪻ţϾҲһ˯ˡ
ȻÿᱻǾ޴ĳǱ𺳵
ĿǰΪֹѾ㽭еĳС򡢴䶼߷һ飬šˮЩֻҪŻᷨԼЩְҵˣȫĽ˹ͨ
ֻҪԸģǶǮǼ洫Щ鼮ԸģҲûȥǣֻǵǼһǵĵַ
ܺãһȥһˣЩ͵Ǽǵĵַ
Цŵ˵ͷ
ַ˵ܶŵĴ߶㽭ǶǴˮħ׽ع
ȻǵĺвûʣʵģҲһ͵Ĺַ͵˾졣
ǣڵغܶЩ嶼ǱȽġ
ŻеĹɣǡɾڱ鲼㽭ĸطֻҪؼʼˣϾܴ߰˰ˡ
Ե³ºϺ󣬾æ¹ŻɢȥصϢ
ΪܸЧʣרųʱȥºͳһ˺˺ͶǣñһƽΪ͡
ڽıˮƽƽַ䣬һôڣʱʧ֡
ȻҲǳȻвٶǼٵģҲкܶȷһЩŴߵĺ
ֻЩѾŷĴڣΪţЩŲ飬ҲֻԻңвٶѾˡ
ЩˣֻҪԸǮǶʮ⽫Щоûֵĵó
һЩȻŷĴڣǶڷȤҪģǮҲܽˡ
ʣһʻڴеģַ֣ûʵֺѧϰģǶڽǮǺģ԰ݷá



ٰʮ ֮

һ£ó֮飬ǿѧϰǺ˿ѧϰΪ϶¡
мһ֣ô˵ǲԸģҲǿ
Ϊܶŵķԭֻ࣬Ҫ㵽룬ѧ͸ˣʵѾˡ
֮𻺻ҵĿͷ۾
ǡħСӣǡŻС
һǰСʱ򿴹ĵһ㽭ӰȫͬķΪʲôһ֡
ԴºϣϳǡŻСӰʱһֱǻ
һֱΪС磬ǰĳǵӰ硣
һС磬յ¼ȡèͷӥ飬Ϊǡء硣
ڶ˴򡢰Ͷ󣬾Ϊǡħʦѧͽ
翴СӣͿƣΪǡħŮӣ
Ȼʵϣ崩ԽʱûиʲôС磬ֻ˵ЩС綼һص㣬ǾǴħ
Խڲ²⣬ǲÿһС磬һڵ磬ǲǴһ£ǴںܶܶĹ¡
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Ҳǰ緢ĳ£ҲСĳӰС˵еĹ¡
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֮ǰԼΪʲô磬ΪʲôԽС磬ǲһһȺΰĴġ
Դ˽⵽ԪĸڵĲ롣
ټڡħŮӣ翴˹ŻУ͸ӵȷֲ롣
绹С磬һ磬ʵڵģЩ緢ֹ£һڻ޷ʽ໥
ǽ˵Ӱ磬ֻǱĳЩǿĴڣԭԼڵд˳ȻڵǸ硣
Ҳͬԭ硣
ΪʲôҪôڻ㲻ҲΪ˺棬ҲΪʵ飬ҲΪĳֲɸ˵Ŀġ
Ҫ֪ΪʲôҪȵ㹻ǿǿĳ¶һάħ汾ȥ
ԣкܳ·ҪߣڵʵҲ׺һڣֵһᡣ
Ҳһ㹻ǿʱԲҪ壬ҪСǣƾԼɵȥ磬Լǰڵ硣

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ҵڣԵеŸڿеĿռӣϵдһķ
ϵ£ǿռӵҲڲϷĳı仯
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һȣһԭĿռӣһöӵĽָС
ĸϵָ㣬ԼԼѧĸɹ֪ʶ˼ʮԼĿռӺ
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Ƶռӣһֱ޺չչѾӽһʡĺĿռӡ
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־ɣԺˮƽһЩ취Ƶһ塣
Ŀǰˮƽֻı䷨ΣٸһЩԵħ͵
Ƴķںһ𣬴洢ʶʱȡãӰȫҲӵķ㡣
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߳ңװżСǶ㡣
˼С㣬ҽҪ뿪㽭ˣ²ȥˡ
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Сӹ̡
Ψһ㣬Сǵļ̫飬ʵЩԲ
ǼڶҵС㣬ʱ̫ӡ
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ңСӣռƵٶȣĿǰҲֻʣ¡ءûշҲ¡
һһšءƱշôҲǿʼ֮еʱ
нλ̳˿ӽħͼĖŷʦӦҲҪˡ



ٰʮ Сӣ

֦С򣬽ħݡ
һſҼһŮĿ£˹
˴㽭֮УԼҵʱ䣬νջḻ
ѧ֮õ˵Ŵ󲿷ֵĵ飬ĺܶħ˿Խһͼǿ֪ʶ
ͬʱɢһʮ֮飬ʮ͸ңʮЩŵĴ˽
ÿ춼ܸܵʮͬʱħУħٶȿνǴ
ʵԸɢȥһЩҪħô࣬õ˶µʱ򲻹á
Ŀǰʮ˸ոպãԵȺħӡ
ɢȥĿ֮Խ࣬ٶԽ죬ٶԽ죬ħԽ࣬ħԽ࣬ɢȥĿ֮飬ȻٶȾͻ졣
ѭȥֻҪ⣬ҲΪħˡ
ͬ㽭֮жңҲû˼ҳԿ
ʼ͵Ƕʮ֮飬ԼѰеɲᣬȻӡһҡ
ȻҼʱʱİʾҪŮͼǾܾģȻҵŮƯ
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ִʯͷĳķԱߣ֦СĽֵϣڳš
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ſɵУܿ㷢Զں͵ƶŵСӣСɡ
ƾֳһ޴ʯͷޣʽǿӴʯͷԼϵʯԶ̹
ǲԶļſڣǹ¸跫Сǡݮ֪ԼƻԵ³ѩá

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ΪҪμ³ѩõǰͽк˵첻ȥѧϰħˡ
յӦ㽭Ŷԡ
ôûȥæ
Щɻʵ
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һԵСǺݮæ˵ͷ
þò
ʱ¸跫Ե³ѩ÷·ߵĳϣҲ˹
״ŤͷЦЦ
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Сӣʱͽ֮彻Сӣ˹¸跫
¸跫ִӰó֮壬˻Ρ
Ļͻõ֮塣
ۣСӣˣ
ڴʱ֪˷ܵĴ
ŤͷСӣڵķȥʱСӣֳͷȨȣѾһʮ׸ߵľ
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㳢ѧĴ򹷰ѽѽѽѽѽ
ֻСӣͷȨȣ첽ƻʯͷޣһĹʹ˳һ
ȻҲСӣĲһһûӦͱСӣʯͷҷɣƬ̣ͱͷȨȸĵĲһ롣
̵ģ
ǳ˳鿴Сǡ
Сɫһ죺
ϴշʱҷСӣ˶񾭺ܺãһ񶷼ɶᣬûµʱһЩȭ͹û뵽ͦϲ
˵Сӣ֮ϲĹϣҲȫҲҪռܴԭ
ϾԴϴСӣħǿƵƺ󣬾ͶѹʽĹȤƷܱҳƵ㣬ȥӦƿķɡ
ðɣ
Ҳûж˵ʲôΪҲͦãȻ΢ЩԣҲͦɰġ
ļ䣬СӣշƵʱľԭס˵ƣȻշ
ҲҪˣƷֻҪܴﵽĿģһ
ָԭӣƣ
һߣСӣѾƻʯͷֻʣʮ֮һۼѾٻָþ޴ͷȽָ˿Ƶӡ
ʱ֦ЩƵħ͹ľʯѷҲʧָԭӡ
õƣСӣƵЧָСɷɻص˼ݵſڡ
磬õһſˣ
ҲڣСӣеơ
ҲʱһֱԱߵСɣͻȻһɾ޴ħһâС֣С˲󣬽
Ҫָ𣡡
״¶Ȥɫ



ٰʮ ħʦŷ

ĿƣΪ̫ǿ³˹ҲСɣ£Ҳ³ѩá
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ţֻҪǹһͰ¶֣ڵʱ䣬Ӧûܹ˺ļˡ
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پʮ ˹ӵµɴ

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ΪӦеĵһվõҲһЩҪ鱨
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ֻڵεɫɽƫڰɫɫıԿֵָֹ̫շɴǷٵӡ
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Ҳŵ֣ӷɴ

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ɽ֮ģɽǵĳϵͳͿ˵۹ġǻۡƵĴڡ
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󲿷ڵ˵Σճ̶ȷǼΪ㡣



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پʮ صͻ

һ㡢󣬽㣬Ҳ彻гҪĿĵء
Ϊ罻гרҵƷչ̡
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ʵ֪ǣûзûͨѶ豸ͿЩšм߼͡ʦӺעĲͬļãֻѡһ



پʮ ھļֵ

ͻȻֵĺƤӣð˹ӵԼ˵΢һ£˼ĵ˵ͷ
ոͨǸŮʦ̸Ƥһȴð˹ӵȻ֪һҰ˹ӵ·ɴ˰˹ӵˡ
ҿԷĵλƺͣΪһ֣ЩʦһЩˣĿ⼯ϡ
ԴˣҲ⡣
׬ǮģԷλԽߵȻԽãҲȽ϶ࡣ
õģ
ЦЦִԼĽָռó˼ھĶصļǹⰵھսףըռѷĳǿھ񵯡
ϴλܰھΪһҪЩھͰǳİھսİھɴսףȫӽ˿ռӣһֱŵڡ
˵ʵЩھĶҲãڵħʵЩھǷ
һħܴԶЩ˺
Ǹռԭɵĳǿ񵯣ʵҲ޷ƿħ
ڽָռλóԻңó˻Ǯá
ǮͨõǮԺȥκһƼֻҪǸѾӹ죬ǶʹãѾǩƽЭĽ׶Σȥ˵ʹá
˹ӵ˵ħȻ棡
ŽƾձƷ˹̲סһ̾
пƼܶ࣬ӵҲ٣ϵͳйģʹħȴǼϡ١
˹ҵô꣬ˣʹħҲôȼΡ
ȻħʦħȻ棬ǶսǿǹһǹУҲͬᱻ̵˹εµħʦҲˣȻеȴҲ¡
˹ӵǵսʿǴ˵дഫĿֲħʦ
˵ĶԣһЩƷļֵɡ
ԼողûħֻǴӽָóĶ뻹ˣϾħʦûҪ͡
˹ҲûеóԼרҵļװãʼϵƷ˼
ŶţʾЩѾǧϵʷȻʹãõĽƺϡУźȽصĿƼףöȻмȽĿռ似ʿȻûмء
һϵеļ˹ֹͣ̾Ȼ̧ͷʵ
֪óƺǰ˹ӵµĲƷ
Ȼ˹ӵ˼뿪Ž磬ǹĿƼһЩأǿɽ֮в鵽ġ
Էó̺ĿƼȻͰ˹ӵµĿƼԶҿӵȽ
ǸŸӿռ似񵯣Ŀǰɽǵļ޷
ԣоֵܽļƺΪŴ棬רܳԽӴ
Ŷȷǰ˹ӵµĶڰھһ塣
Ҳûֱ˵˶Դ
ھ壿֮͵Ĺ壬ǲǧǰͱǰ˹ӵ𣿡
˹۾ʱһ
ѾĴ˵尵ھĶʹĿƼ޷ղؼֵͲ͡
װĺõĻвǮ˻ܸȤ
ü
ǰⲻǵʱսƷڿ˵ļ𣿡
Ʒ̺ھĿƼҲһղؼֵҸļʮԸĻǵ̿ʮع
˹΢Ц˵
ʮļǸƷֳļֵķĿǰгļ۸Ҳ˵Ʒطףƾۡ
ΪƷȻ̺ܸߵĿƼֵղؼֵǿƼֵҪʱ;ȥо󻹲һнһա
ղؼֵҲҪʱȥӦңҪװЩгɱ
ҲƷֵܼܸܺߣʵʼֵҲʮ
˹ԸʮΪļ㹻ĿԱȥƷļֵ
ûӦ˹Ҳ򵥵˽͡
ǲҶṩһЩ۸ͻһЩ
ʮûʲôϾҲ֪ߵôһʮʵء
նԷ˼Ϊ٣٣оƼΪĸʾͻֻܵͣʮ򣬵ֲָֹһס
ȻܶṩһЩǵ̿԰һʮչ
˹ԱһֱæƤŮʦͬʱ۾һ
ΪǱʾֹܲһףҲҲһ



پʮ Ĵͻ

ףǽھһƼĳɹʣضһЩһ˵ĲȽƼڼ˵Ƿǳһ¡
ҲδŻԺǾźΪǾŴṩ̺ھһƼȽӴ˴ҵ
ΪٽȽ׵ĵ곤ܽ뵽ŵĺλá
ȻҲпܽʧܣܹ黹׬ģԿ
һֱվ˹ԱߵģλƤŮʦΪҲ˿ģ
Ϊͨոս˵ݺٸԼĹ飬ѾԴжϳȽ׹ⲻˡ
ոյ곤Ѿ˵ˣⵥϣһ״ɣͿһɣֵܵδˡ
Ҫ֪ʦˮƽƽʱӵĵӣǴӼʮٲȣһļѺչɣҲһٶࡣ
һǧ࣬һ겻
λͻֻףҲаʮ򣬰ʮɾλ塢ףܵü롣
ãǾһװɣ
˵ͷ
һʮһʮڣٸߣʮӦòˡ
ĻôవھķһҳİھսƼֵ϶Щߡ
һһףȷʮסһףһף
˹Ļһ˫ƤС۾ĶϽ˫ƤĴ۾ˣ˵Ҳû֮ǰ򶨡
ĵ˵ͷٴظһ飺
ȷһףҪó𣿲Щװ¡
ãԵһ£
˹ԼķʲôϣæԱߵƤŮʦ
ʱƤŮʦȴ˫ַӣΪڽѾЩվסˡ
һװǾʮڣɶõһˡ
ɶøɣͻȻһڣôܲ
ƤŮʦӣ˹Ѿ֪˽ķˣ˹ӵµĿˣҪһװھװ
Ŀ׵̫ܷʱƲĹϢƬ̣ȥʾһ쵼ٸ𸴣
˹ǿеļ΢΢ѯʵ
û⣡
ЦЦ
ʱ䣬ҶԷķӦȻʮڲǸСĿʾ쵼
ǣĿǰһŹңۿʲôҪ㶼Ҫ㣬𣿡
˹תɽԱߵƤŮʦ
ãûѡЩ߼ʦѡʦܾǿǵò
ҲûˣǼǽӴ
źͬϵӦṩ÷Ա
һ£ᶨĻص
곤ģף
һڰƽ˵һӶӵеĲƸ
Ѿ㹻԰ܶεȥܾЩǮͻҪ󣬵һ̫ˣʵ޷ܾһڣļ˶δõ
ĿΪκҪ

һ״̬õ״̬ŽһŹ˹ȥ
һŹҺǵ˲俪ʼ
ȻѾ˾ܶԷʲôҪܣܹ黹һΣеš
ڣԷүүһʮ˧ˡ
뵽ЩڴΪʶǲΪǮ£һ˧Ҷ˷ϵƺҲôĲԽܡ
ʼЩǷʱߺȻ˽
ˣлл·һȾУ㻹йȥæİɣ
ǸǸ㲻Ҫʲô񶼿ԣ
ĻǶʱһ㶣Щ֪Ļص
˹һôĿͻȻһʦǳòġ
ǰҲоֻǶܾˡ
ڿȻЩˡ
òãҹУ㹤Ͳˣȥɣ
˰֣ΪһħʦճʹħҪ˷
Щµ߳ңôһϲҲôһʧ䡣
ٳĻԣɫƤЩĻš
뿪İ۵
ѡƷֻΪûзʶɽǵ֣ɲΪԷò
෴ΪһĵˣҲһƤˣôȤ
˶ϲðɣ



پʮ ħ

һߣ˹ٶȣŽṩھװԼİ칫ңͨ˶ͷ˾Ӱ
Ľԭίȫ˵һ顣
Ķͷ˾ͬʮּڵһʱϵ˼ļ쵼ʼ˴ԼСʱҵĽ顣
ڼλ쵼İİ£˾
һȫҪˣǮĻһ˸תȥʽˣ˹ְλͿһˣ
ǣһ񣡡
˹ĹӰͨ
ʵʾ֮ǰѾ֪һ
ʮڣ˵СĿóҲ
һװھװŵĿѧŶоô԰ٷ֮һٵĽھĿƼȻƳ
ļδضܸŴ޴档
һװھ;в͵ļֵװһΪղƷڸУҲǿر
ȻҪǣôһŰ˹ӵ·ɴˣŴİھڰ˹ӵµĵλ϶͡
佻õĻδ˵иøõĺ
˹ӵ£ͳŽĴڣ¶棬ܺǽôڼδķչԣôɾ̫ˡ
϶ŵ쵼ǣضͬʽס
ȻҲδϡ

ôվѾˣ
˹ʾ쵼õ϶ĻظʹװһŹҵſڡ
վſڵʱ϶ʱ¶ɫ
Ϊ˹ӵǿСʱӦòû뵽ôͽˣģʽǶ˳
ЩεĻص
ûУҪҷҡ
ոշ˵һ顣
˹˵ͷ
ã֪ˣȥæɣģһֶ٣
λİ˹ӵ¿ˣ˹ж˼ֵ͡
ÿ˶ûûб˹һʦλãȻ˺ܶࡣ
ԽһЩڰһЩҪĴͻֻҪŮԸĻҲȫΪ˹
ԣϲ
ɽ߶ȷҪȨ͵λҲضҪЩʲô
Ǽ뿪˹Ц߽˹ң
Ǹõˣ
û£
ԼħĲ豭ħЦЦ
оħʱжѾķǳͣʱרעо˴ʱܻѾ˼ʱ䡣
ԸոǰСʱʵ˼ĳħԭĸ
ô쵼ͬ𣿡
ģǼŵ쵼ǳϣܺɺһΣֻҪҪǶߵļ۸չƷ
һɽǣʲôҪæĵطҲԸṩ
˹ϵĻص
ԣʲôҲûжͣ
ǾͶлˣ
֪Է϶ǰɰ˹ӵˣûϵΪ˵ĻѣЩھķɴҳս
Щھɴ˵ҳսԷǳֵǮ
ܸ˹ӵ¿⣬ھпƼĳսܾĹܣɽǵĿƼһĳ
ȻƻһЩ޸һ£ֻҪʹãǸ൱ڵĴڡ
ҶԷɽҲͦģ˵ѰҺǨƽָ£

һ޴Ľֿڡ
Աߵ˹ȷϵ
𣿡
ԣȷϲҪȥһ˷ɴ𣿡
˹֪ԷǸħʦǴû˵ĸħʦԽһװȫϣǲǳƶˣ
ԣΪԷ˵һװھװǷ̫ո۵ķɴϣո˵ҪԿȥ̫ո۽Щװӻ
֪ԷȴһһĲֿ⡣
ã
ĬٻһӣһھĽָзɳȻ˲ֿĵϡ
ˣһ°ɣ
ԭʱڴʱĲǿЦ
˹ŲֿڵЩھװۣססһ̾
ոڴʱԷ˵ҪҪһװȫóʱֻΪǿЦû뵽ȻĿԡ
˵ʵʱԷƾóһףѾ̾ħˣû뵽ħ泬
ͬʱҲ룬Էħ͵ΥƷĻɽǵĿƼҲ鲻ɣ
ȻԶԷݣҲм¡



پʮ ײСĸ³

곤ϣ
ֿڵСܷٵɨһȦɵ˹ǰ㱨
˹Цֵֻ̧Ȼһ£ͶӰһ̨󣬿˽
óֻھͽʮת˻ϡ
֪ǵһֻ̫վ˸ݵȵǼǣûü򡭡šֻ
˹ֻǾֻҡҡͷ
˹һ£ܿͷӦ˹
ûϵȥһ¿ֻٰһõķʽ׵ͣ
Ϊ˼ǵһ뿪˹ӵ£ⲻָ֪ǵ
Լӵʱ䣬¿ֻͷͳ˽С
ݵǼϢֻֻҪɨһ½壬ʹãڶϾͿֱʹãҲǳ㡣
ֻͷʮڵľ޶ת˺ܿˣҲ˹Ļ£ʱ뿪˵̡
ûֱ˹ԼѰҷ;񣬶Ǵɽǹ䣬˽һ߶ȷǵ۹˵
˹ӵ˺뿪Ž磬ڰ˹ӵµϿֻжһЩ˵嵽һЩϸԵĶ
Ҫ˽棬˽۹͸֮鱨ҪԼ
ԣ彻гһȦһЩڼ⽣ļƷ뿪ָֻ۶׶й
ɽ֮ĵֻ͵ֻɲͬǽеֵֻʮ¿ֻ̺ɽĿƼɹ
ֻԵйܣкܶȽʵƼͶӰͨ侳ĵӰϷȵȡ
ý𲻵ò̾Ƽչһ̶Ⱥ󣬵ȷҲкܶ೬ħĵط
٣ܶҪǿħʵ£һͨͨһֻʵ֡
ңеֻеϵͳӴݿ⣬뿪ɽ޷ɽ֮ĶԽӣչֳܶǿĹܡ
ڣֻǸͨ·ʲô⣬ΪýܹٶϤһС
ԭȥһ˵۶ͼݣѾûбҪˣΪ۶еĲ飬ֻڶ¼

ɵ椣ʲô壿
·һȪʱָһ׶ߣſǺˮ˺
ɵǽֻеϵͳȡ֡
ǳXǵĻ壬ѪŰϲΣճ̶ȸߣ벻Ҫ׽Ӵ
ɵŮ
Ȫˮ׳գֱѷˣ
ʱߴһ͸ʾСˣתǸ˴ŭ
ǸЩίֹͣ˺ˮ
Ǹ³أ
Сܷ·˵Ļͷһ
кȣҸոտˣ˵ѣ
һԵĽ״̲סü
ɵ椣ȷѪбϲôоЩɵģ
ɵ椣
ǸСҲһ𣿡
ÿһﶼкˡˣдģҲɵģǰǸ˿ܾǸ࣬ԽҲûȥʲô
Ͽûм¼壬ʵĲ
ɵٴλص
˵ͷǰȥ
Ҫ£ֻͨȽЩ嶼ϸ顣
߱ͨɵ椵Ľ𣬽ڸָ壬һЩ֪
ĸϵĸ壬ʲôǵĴʲôĻȵȡ
ԼʮӺһɫˮԱߵĹȥȻֻͶӰӰ񣬿һЩɽý屨š
Ҫ˽ʷķȥʷ飬ôҪ˽ʱ£ķȻȥˡ
ս۹ǻ۵£Ѿɽ۹ǩ˺ƽЭ飬ٽսڿ˵ĳţǳֻ̬ȡ
۹ָϣǻ۵ľӶϮǾڸֳĻأɶѪȵĴɱŵʾ۹飡
άֵ۹Ѿз͵ĸԴأĿ̺Ϳըһ򡣡
̩̹ŵ˹ɴǿޱȵڲϵķս۹Ѿ飬Ʋλ̩̹ˡ
һűֻҲĿǰľ˽⡣
ʱͷŵһͷȻһɧƺʲô¼
Դˣֻɨһ۾ûȥᡣ
ɽǵĿƼ˷ȫʩҲƣ¼Ҫ˶þܰƽûҪȥ֡
Ͼ¼СǣʵѾˡ



پʮ 

ջעֵ㿪ڷ̩̹ŵ˹ţϸĿ
Ϊʲôţ
Ϊͷϣ̩̹ŵ˹ֵıע棬һ֣Ǿǡԡ
ԼҲйӰһȫɫƤףֳ˫д󵶵ľˡ
δλһָһ𣿡
Ӱеԣ˼С
ܹޱʯԺŵʵģڵʵƻһǶ֡
˵ӲղһǶ֣ҪܣҲ׷
ֻһֱ벻ͨһ⣬ǾǰռϢȻΪ̩̹˺ӣӦòǰ¶͹һĶ֡
Ӱ¶͹һУռ䱦ʯʱ䱦ʯģ
ѵΪĵʲôЧӦδַ޷Ԥϵı仯
ǰͬ˵Դָһ£Ĳռ뵽ޱʯ
˵ʵͦڵûͬ£úðϵееӰһ飬Ҳôʡ
뵽Ȼһ
Ϊʱôһ󵨵Ĳ룡
֮ǰħʱ˹ŻУвǲÿһС綼źܶĹ£ЩΪС˵Ӱȵȡ
Ĺ£᲻С磬ʵҲг֡
йڳ˵Ĺ£ǡءħʦѧͽħŮӣУ᲻ѾĹӳˣ
һûע⵽Ͼȥĸ磬еľоѧϰħϣûȥעͨϲĵӰַ档
ҲҸóʱ䰤ȥС磬Ȼһ
󣬽𰵰˸
ϻмʮСǣÿνСȴʱҲһ£ȫʱĽȥ鿴
ĸС¼Ĺ£ô˵ľͰæˡ
ʲô
ڽΪжʼƻʱȻоʲôӿͷ˹
̧ͷһԭһϵ
һѽס㽫ȥʧȴڴһ˲䣬͵˫ۣ
ǡʯ
ֽӴͬʱҲĲֻ֣ԭʯܾе
֪ͨϿ̩ħйޱʯļأҲ׼жϳڣӡԭʯеʯ
û뵽һȻҲϵڱ£ѵõĺ
У𲻽һ̾
еԭʯɢأɲͬǿػػߡ
Ȼ죬ɶûɣϿţȻһԭʯУֱвƱļʻҪС
򽻸ң
ʱһȫƤŮ˴һԾ£ȻеĲ֪ĳ䣬첽ܵǰ־еץȥ
΢΢һΣƤŮ˵һץ
ԭʣĶ𣿡
ҵģңҶ㲻
ƤŮٴץеֱ
Ҫôǿ̸򣬲֪ԸԸ
ǸǮˣܲʹñǰ£ǲŵһʹñ
ƤŮ˸Ҫܾһʮ꣬ĺ͵ʮƵƤ꣬һԾ£ðƤŮѹ¡
ȻƤŮ˵ȻʮֵǿһͽƤ̵ѹԼ¡
û䣬ƤȻЦһװÿٵƤŮϣһť÷װֱӴƤŮ˷˳ȥ
˼ҵģֻһɵٷȻͦ
Ƥ㶨ƤŮ˺ϵĻҳ˵
״ʼ磺
ðɣ˵һҵ飬Ǯ򣬲֪ԸԸ
ȻԸ⣬ܳǮ
ƤĻʱ۾һ
òŪΪոᵽϵ֣н߲ҳǮգûа취
һԩͷȻԸ⻨ǮôܲԸ⡣
ҪǮ
Цʵ



İ Ƶ

Ҫһ
Ƥ׼ʨӴ󿪿ڣҪһ̽һ£ٽۣſڣͱһɵУȻ鴤ŵ˵ϡ
ЩЦĿƤ꣬٩
ʲôһѵֻҪһǮǲЩ̫ˣ

ƤŽĻ˫ۣҪ͵Ϊ췢飬޷˵
ʱ֮ǰǸСܺˣֱŵǹ˹
ߵ飬³أǿҪ׬ˣ
ȻոյĵСܴģ˵Ŀ꣬ǵڵϳ鴤Ƥꡣ
򽻳ҾͶǣ
ʱոձƤ÷ߵƤŮˣѾ˷ųŭٴ˹
ҡҡͷ
ǿɲУλѾңһǮ
һǮ
ƤŮÿ׳յ۹⣬ŵѾװһƤ꣬ҪŵȡȻ˵屻һɫĹâ㵽˰С
֮⣬ˡСܺƤ꣬һֱڳϵĽ𣬶һ㵽С
89P13ߣħǾŵȨΣȫͲƲ
ԭɧѾάΰǾŷ֣ʱ߰˼ǾŷڿУеƣ˿˰С
ǺƯЩ񣡡
Լ屻ƮڿУҲû⣬ֻǽӽ˽ָ硣

˼ܵ˾ţ
ǾŵСӳǸ
ʱǱÿƼסСܡˡƤŮƤꡣ
ЦЦ
û£Ҳûܵʲô˺Ҳܼʱ
ԭոЩǾžӵ˹ʱѽ𵱳˼˵ͬҪһȥּ顣
ҲûߣȻЩżľͷЩ޷˺
ֻǲͨ˸ոպ׹λ곤ĵ绰Լߵ˵һ¡
˹ӵ绰󣬵һʱϵ˼쵼쵼һʱϵ˾ľֳԲһĻ
ȻҪͨɨ飬ϵȷûв¼ҲûκΣƷҽŵһɽǣǼ߷ûйϵ
ʲô
ָŴʱѺŵƤ꣬Сӳʵ
СӳŤͷһƤ꣺
ӣǸϲ͵ԶĹ߷ץܶΣ
ҽǾסǾⴳܸţ
Ƥ곯Сӳ˸ָ
ðɣǾ
Сӳνʼ硣
ƤҪߣħԼƤԺУ
ǾǰɣһõĸƵסһʱ䣬ܱųĻңһḶӦı꣬Ȼ̫ҿɾͲܱ֤ˡ
ոһǮ£ֻЦȻȻӦıꡣ
Էץ֪ϼ̫꣬õĻɲȶԷ
ƤԺнĻʱ۾һ
סƵģǮ˵ܸһڡ

Ƶꡣ
ǵ۶ĴƵ꣬߶Ƚڵ۶ߵĽɽǾܲ
͵۶õķ羰ƷʳΪ˱֤ʳĵʣֵʳרŵķɴÿ촩ռڶңԶ
ÿһڽʱɽĿƼ䱸صϵͳܼңжĳ̨Ӿء
ƵڲרŵĶĳưɡڶ԰̫ˮݵһϵִʩ뵽κ
Ȼļ۸ҲʮֵĿɹۡ
һϵķѾ͸ߴ򣬵ֵϸոǸСܲ׽Ƥͽˡ
⻹ֻǷѣʳķûҪ㣬Щִʩ̽ޣǺܶĴɽǶȼٵѡ
ڸƵȼһ£Сǧûˡ
ڽ˵Ȼʲô
˻иߴʮڣʹھƵסһ궼꣬ЩǮ˵֣ʲôܸߵļֵ
û㰵ھȻˡ
󣬼ȻУҲȻҲҪõ顣
ۼĵط˵Щջ
Ҫķ
ƵòŮǰ̨Ŵ¿ֻĽ߹ѯʵ
ЦЦ
ȿһµİɡ
һ£õģԵȣ
òŮǰ̨֪˴ͻٶȣʼ
ΪǼǻϢʱȻĻϵһϢʾʱһ



İһ ʯ

𾴵Ŀǿ³³İ׽ͻܼвҵ۵Żݣ
Ůǰ̨Ťͷ̬ȱĸˡ
ڽԱ߰סļˣŮǰ̨ƺǰ׽ͻҲ¶Ǿȵɫ
³³ŵİ׽ͻʲôٺͿ³³йʮϽ׶Ŀͻܱҫ
סƵĿ˵ȷǸһǧ𲽣ڣʮڵģǿľǷëǡ
ܺͿ³³ŵĽ׶ʮڣֹʮڡ
ҲͶʮҵӣʵ̫ˣԲŻ˸еô˾ȡ
͸ͬ³³ŵİ׽ͻֻޱˣûʮϵĽ׽ͬС
õģ
һ£ʶԭҾƵ֮ǰھļյ꣬ԭһš
⿨³³ƺǵ۹ͦʵġ
ס󣬽һλ欵ǷԱĴ£Լĳ󷿼䡣
뷿ĵһʱ䣬ûȥ鷿ĸָ߿Ƽ񣬶ǿռ䣬һԾ˽ָ硣
򣬾ȻʯĲȫסˣ
֮ǰŽָռ򣬽̲סһп
õ߹ȥƶһܸӦװʯ
ֻ˵ĿƼҲȷˢӡ

ӳһ䣬ڿ䲻ħЧ£ڽзһꡱĻеŤ
Ƭ̺һΪм䲿λ¶һţɫʯ
ԭʯУΪҲΪƻʯ
ʯԭʯ̺ıʯûʲôڵãǼ򵥵ѧͷǿͷ
ܹƿʯĻԽһܻһ
ҲΪޱʯṩǿǹܵá
Ϊʯ̺̫񱩣ʹ߱㹻ǿ󣬷˵ʹǴᱻֱӷ顣
ԽĿǰ壬ҲֱӽӴʯҲѼֶʱ䣬ܷӳˡ
ԣԼΪһħʦڻʱоȥʹʯԴʵʯȥооʯ̺淨
ŽȴȥԼʵվһɷ
ԼʵǿޱʯȫҲӲǵ

װʯϣȻһӣһħ
ۺϼħһרŸħԭħ

ƵԭЩ񣬲ƺҪܶ࣡
ҹֹͣоºϻָԭ
ͨĽ֣ʯԭ֮ǰġƵԭкܶƵĵط
ƵԭǽħʱתΪôȵǿ
ʯܾۼ޴ƺ̺һʵ淨ǿֻеһ֡
ĺãҲڡħŸһͻơ
ͬҪʱ̫ż
ʵʯڱ˷ǳĽ˸ձηľޣƾ
ʯڿܻħͻƣδ˵ֻҪһħϡƵĸܽ԰ڵĦ
ʵʯʯлſռ䡢顢ʱĸʯĴڡ
Ժʵ㹻ǿˣԼҲһĿűʯȫռ֡
Ϊ˴ǸָһΪоǾе淨Լħӵǿ
źãӰһѾ뿪˽ָ磬»ص˾Ƶĺڡ
ȻûȥܷȽĸ߿Ƽ񣬶ǴԼ塣
ÿνС󣬶һµȴʱ䣬Ϊ֤֮ǰĲ룬ԼС㣬ȥء
ѡħ磬û˿ԥĵ˽밴ť
һռ䲨ٴλص֦Сħڡ
²һ¾룬ٴʩħڻһͨŦԼĴ̧˽ȥ
ķڣһֱռ䲨󣬽̾˫ۣ
ħڣûصĵӰֻ֣ܿʣµС磬δµСûˣ



İ Ӷߵĺ

ԭڽħڣŦԼ󲿷ֵĵӰԴһ飬ȴ˿ûзйµ
͹ϵĻص硣
ٴνСҪһµȴһºȥһ˺ܾöûȥġħʦѧͽ磬ͬʱ俴ܲҵ
ħʦѧͽ磬ʱӦ2011꣬ĵӰôʱߣӦҲмӰӳˡ
ΪǵòĻǰͬȥˡӳʱ䣬2012ꡣ
ȻҲкܴܺħһʲôûС
Ͼ֮ǰһжĲ룬ǲģûʲôȷʵݡ
ʹ綼ûУδµС֣Ҳעע⡣
ʱ÷һ£ȽƼ͸ʳˣ
ʱ׿Ժеĸֲ²⣬ڷһʲôĸ߿Ƽ󣬱뿪䣬ھƵ
ͬʱŶʮԽĻܺ͸³ˡӶ֯ĳԱǾԼ̩̹ŵ˹ĸŮħˡ
ҲǾȥλɽĳʯһר޽ѺΣշ˵С

һں󣬽Ӧ˷ĺ󴲷ϣŷϵͳͶӰϣ
ôûһģ
ʱɽǼ¼ڰĽܣûһ֮ǰƻġ
пɲ鵽Ҫôǻûеʲôǻǵ۹ֳ󣬵Դпɡ
ҪôѾ˿߳򣬺нӹĳ̶ȡ
ΨһԲ鵽Ļδ߳ȻֻеһһںرעھŽ簢˹ӵδɹȻ룬Ը
Ľýơ
Ϊܴķ潲ⶼϳ
ôô࣬ôһǻδĽ׶ΣҪôǻҪôѾ
ãûУǿͨ;鲻
⼸ǵ۹˽۹ϳƽǻƽȡ
Ҳ˵пܵ۹Ŀӷĳǻ۵ûзչ߳Ŀܣֻ¼
Ϊ˷ֹһЩǷƻЩ¼Ҳֻе۹߲֪ͨڲûȨ޲鿴
ҲҸȥصϢ
صϵͳа뵽
Ȼϲ鲻Ǿͨ;
ٷֻҪ棬ˣǾһںУڲʵĵطɽҲ⡣
ͨʱӴһЩϲʿ֪дںܶӶţľӵһٸϵӶߡ
ǵĻڿǣнӸҵֻҪǮ󲿷ֵǶܰɡ
ڶӶ⣬ɵͽˣʶࡣ
ǮüȻ;Ҳȫȥһ˿ǣǮӶ߰Լһŷ

͵ˣ
ڽ˼ҪҪȥǣſͻȻһʮֽӲŮ
ƺûжͣ
ӦһſЩϤļϢȵü
Ůһ»ص
ǾƵרΪĿˣ׼ͣÿһλУ
ðɣǽɡ
ҲûƣЩЦ÷ϵͳš
ҪҲҪʲôΣյľٶǲ˺㣡
Ŵ򿪺һƤŮٶȳ䣬еĳ˽ĲϣһֻųǹСܡ
ҵǹԽġ
֣
һ죬ڵϵͳͽϵֻȫȥ
ˣʱӦûˣ
ſڣƤµ꽫Ƶĸ̶úҲߵ˽Ĵߡ
֮ǰǾͽĿħܺǾ
ڴϼ״˿ûһţЦʵ
Ҫʲô
˼֣Ҫû򣬻㽻
Ǿʾ
Щ
֮ǰ㲻ǴӦҪôֱˣ
Ϊ˳۱ߣ
Ǿʼ硣
ԭǰǾħܡ˸³غһ˹ѹͬԽرܵ˳
ħԸʮһϼƣ͵͵Ǳɽҵû
ϾǿȻ˵ԸǮҲܳʮôࡣ
һĻ



İ ĳ

ǵǮ
ƿħԼϵĵƺǷĳԼ
ȻֺȻ´Լһɽеߴߴơ
ߴߴһֱַۺɫĵͶȾƣһɼʮʣԸ߿Ƽںɡ
ÿһƿļֵڰ򣬺һߴߴĸоʮֵ
ǽھƵйʱھưֵһ־ơ
ֻ˵һƿǻǮģȵľȫñˡ
˵Ҫ׬Ǯʵ̫ˣֵּߴߴƣĵħܱһѡ
٣˵ܲһңҵǹɻָ㣡
ܿŽȫԼʱϣŵǹָŽ
˿Ļܣеľƿ˹ȥ
ŶԲ㳤ĺСʱϲԵһƷƵĸɴЩԺҸевҪȾ𣿡
˵Ƕ˵ǶڳЦңھҪɵ㣡
ܱĽƿݺݵˤڵϣȻ򿪵ǹıգҪһ
һԵǾ״æǰܱ
侲ǻûû򣬶㿴ڳЦ㣬Ⱦƣ
˼ҵȷûгЦ˼Уոմƿߴߴƣļֵһ򡣡
𽫱еߴߴһںȵȻʼ硣
һ򣡡
ǾͻܿڵϵķۺɫҺ壬ͬʱг
Ҫ֪ӶŶʱһҲͲ༸ٷֵֻʣ¼
ҲǾŶӳ˽ԭ֮һ
ܺ͸³ͽˣǽΪһĵӣ͸ɽǵ۶ȻʹץǾ
ɼͨ˶ԣѾʲôСĿ
ոգܾôĽһƿֵľƣ˵ˡ
ʱۣҲûʲô뷨
ҪپЩѾϵңûǾͿԵõʮڣ˷һÿ˶ʮڣ
ħǾͻûϢӣûĴѵ
ĸ˷֣
Ҳľһ䣬Ҳڿʧİٴνǹָ˽
˹ǸһҪΪ޶𣬲ҪǮĺֵܸ³صǷݿɲ١
ҲˣµԸʮڣԸϽ򽻳ǲҪ˷ʱˣ
Ǿع֡
ǾܺͿħЦЦ
ɣҲʮڣܰһСæһټʮڣ
塭ʮڣ
ıۣǾܺͿħͬʱɴ۾
ôˣǮѾôĲֵǮ
һС򣬾ȻôԩͷûǮ
ƾʲôôǮ
ħһзӦʵ
ϵǴղؼҵ۷ӵ֮صĵ۷ʵʮڡ
ǰʮҵˣɾͲ˵ˡ
ȻסõĸƵ꣬ȵҲǰԪߴߴƣǲ֤ʵóʮڣŶӦ˵ʮڸǡ
ϾӵôƸˣ֪ܲ
Ӱ
ɨһۣȻĴ˸ָ
˲䣬ӰӵϳѸײڶ֮ƣȫ˸ʵ
ƾ뻹Ǹûûȥ

ʮӺ󣬽ƾձһƿߴߴƣȻѾӰħǾĦͻܸһ
ô˵ڻͨ
ǵģȷе˵³غ͵˹ɽķɴҲ͵ɽġ
Ǿ͵
ԭոձħ޻֮ɷŵǾĦͻܾ֪˵ʮڣкܴġ
ԷȫǴ˲佫ǷŵȻٰͽ
ȻҪǲҲţΪڽУǸòҲ޷֮ػʮڡ
ֻŽгŵʮڡ
ԣҲϹĽԼͽ˵һ¡
ǾԵ򣬺ͽ磬СʱһӶӶ͵͵ӵ߳еһԱӳɡ
ܺ͸³ѣԽɹΪͽˣĴ׬Ǯ
ħݾͱȽˣȻԵĸŮСѵɶ̿ɸ񣬺ָѰ
ֻħΪĸɱԼҲһԵľţʵļȳԡ
Ҫͨõ޶ƸԺָϣԼ



İ ָ

ڽǾڿ³³Ƶ꽻֮ʱԶɽǴʯشѾһұȼҪʮĿ˷񳬼ս֡
СʱڳսǿĻɴĹ£ݡ
ڣԵһλŮɫƤе¶ĪƣſİվڼϷϵָϻ㱨
ǲ֪ħ˵ټǾǱѾɳ߸ô죿
ˣɳڸѲߣϧһдҵ򣡡
ֳֿ۹񼶵УȻڵõЩ
ƿ˿µļʵ
طˡ
ȫɱըɷ飬Ǿ֪ĿģΪǼ˺򣡡
ϻӶսģġһ𵴲ɳǼϣ˲仯һ̲ࡣ
ĸĸֵܶɽ˵սֻҪɽˣ˻СŹ
һԸǴݻɽǣɽ˳ֻΪʧȥ˱
Ȼǻ۾ȻǾŴɺƽЭ飬Բ̵ġ
кͬĲ£ǻ۵뿪˿۹̩̹ŵ˹˺
Ϊŵ˹ӦֻҪҵ򣬾ͳӰɽǡ
ʵϣ֪ĶʯҲ֪ʯʲôŵ˹ֻȨ֮ơ
ҵʯֱӻɽǣȻһͳ۹ŵ˹Ϊߡ

˼ǣǸϵĿˣľҲ򣿡
³³ƵڣſĦ˵Լʱ¶˲ɫ
ǰϿϵĿϢƺһսȷӣܺƽЭ飬ϮǾػֳǡ
ħɫصĵ˵ͷ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôԸ⻨ôǮҲ֪ʲôҿԿ϶ӦһʮΣյΪŵ˹϶Ҫõ
ȰԺСһЩñ뿪ɽɽǣǾػ
ڿԽȫƷӸǾŵԸûǮķʽ˵ԷǸԭˡ
֪ŵ˹ϵĿֲǺĵѡ
õģллѣ
Цŵ˵ͷ
ԺԼǾŵʵӹɣҲӣ˵ԷǱǲġ
ֻǸϵĻǾ͸ˣϾħ˼ϵʵԲһ㡣
ո˵ǸСæʲô
ʱǾ۾ʵ
û˻Ǯ࣬ǸһвΪǮҲΪϲеð
Զڸոս˵ǸֵʮڵСæȻǷǳĸȤ
ŶҪһӵǻ۵ǻòǲ࣬Ȼǵ̶ͣͣǾһǵˣӦ֪ʲôͰɣ
͵
ʲôǵˣ㲻ǰ˹ӵ𣿡
Ǿ¶ɫ
ӺϴϢһŰ˹ӵ·ɴɽǵİ˹ӵˡ
ҸոսҲħƷǣ˵ֻа˹ӵ²кܶħʦ
ڶԷȻ˵һǵˡ
㲻˵˹ӵ˵ͷд룬һλȻûУôǰ˹ӵˣ
ܱǱߴߴһɵ
֮ǰڼΪ˾ȿħ˹ţ˵Լݹ˵еİ˹ӵӣǳŴǣһ⡣
ǵˣͰ˹ӵ˵Ĺϵܺã˹ӵ˺͵򳤵һͷϿûд룬Ҳûһݡ
Ʋ˳
֪˱ݳ᲻һӽ⼸ұˡ
ŶҲпҼǴˣ
һνʵûһ˵ǿѳĺӣûƤġ
һԵĿħ̲ס˸ۡ
ˣع⣬ܹҵʮھǵģ
ӶߡͽˡŮ˵ݺ;Ӧܰܿҵɡ
ڽ˵ʮھǸ֣⣬ʡʱȻǺõġ
֪һܷҪ󣬲ǰڲ֪Ƿ񻹴ˣ
Ծÿҵһ򣬾ͻὫǻһ뿪ħôãӡеȷҲôһϽ˵
ֻҲǰֵǿҲ֪ʲôˡ



İ 

ǾͿħ˵Ľ֪ͣһڻṳֵ̂Ļ¼
һ֣õģǾǱǾŵĿӷֻ֣ᰵнռϢ¼ڰȻ䷢չԽĳ̶ȣǢںϣһչ
Ҳǵ۹ڴ󲿷ڷϣЩںϵɽ˶ƽȵģҲӵ⡣
ڶ֣ǾǱ۹Ŀӷֱ֣ӱ˵Ľūۣǿ˵۹Ϊ۹ֳ
ڿ۹˾ĴڣȻūҲֻµȹ񣬳츳
֣ǾǱԵĽӷ֣ܲңΪǾͱʾһǻᱻ
һǻԲȥͳЩ򣬶ǻֱӴԼĽ뿪
֣ǾǱΪӶŵӶǷ֡
ҪˣԵģֻȥֵǮԴӶῪһȻ󶪸ǾٻһǮ
ûԵģֱӽǻūУԴȫʽĲɼͼ򵥸߼۹
ħ˼ǣǿǰԹʱǷϽģǷǾš˵۹Ӷ߷֣ǾͲȷˡ
ҲԺȥǣӶߵľۼأ·ҵ򣡡
ʱǾҲظϵ
ǾȥħС˵Ǹ򿴿ҾٸʮڣеĻȥ˵Ŀǡ
ֻҪռ׼ȷϢʮҲǵģ
һں걭еߴߴƣİ嶨˽г̼ƻ

۶彻гǰ
ŶñòǾ˿Ž
ǲӦ̳ȥʲô
ȻǻǮˣ˻ֻʮڶ࣬ɲǵıꡣ
εЦЦ
˵ûҪңͨݿɾͲˣǿھƵ귿ҡ
ǵˣǵȻҪİȫ
ǾԴǵĻص
ܺͿħȻû˵ȻҲһ˼
ЦʮڣûõǮ֮ǰǵȻҪӰĸˡ
ȻԷħĿƼǰǵħʲôá
ʵϣĿǰǾǲϽǿܶģڷ֮ԱŵֻΪˡ
һΣаڽûӦǰȽֱӽɱ
˵ǱȫҲ֮һԭ
ҵİȫ
ҡҡͷҲû˵ʲô̤彻г˹ȥ
ڰھĳսЩսɴڽָռλãȷûʲôãҾʱ䣬ҲɽǸйٺܲ
뿪ǰսսɴȫ
һǻȡʽһҲǾŵľһ¥ڻᱻԻָϸ
ܸǶ鷳ٷԼߣǾˡ
ӭٴιٱ꣡
Ǿ˻ûߵչſڣͿǰӵͨѶ˹Ѿվſˡ
ã˹곤ȥҰɣдҪ̸̸
ûзϻֱ⡣
˹۷Ź⣬ĴŽ˽1Źҡ

Ըǳ۰ھǻǻʮһ׵ļ۸չ
1Źң˹Ц˵
ΪṩİھӴȻһڵʱ䣬³³ŵĿŶӣ˲ջ
Ҳˣŵ쵼ҲѾֺǾŵָӹϵΪҵǰ·
ҲŽĹ⣬ӵ곤ڲ뵽˼ŵĺȨ㡣
ڽֳļֵδǱ쵼⽻ֻҪǰھٶգѾȫмʮļ۸񲻱䡣
ҡҡͷ
ŶβǣЩھȻһЩҲͼʮˣ˼Ǯ
ǿ˵Ĵǣ
˹¶ɻɫ
ЦЦ
Ҵǵǰھսɴһǧܣǵһҳս
ʲôսɴǧܣսǺҿЦɣ
˹ĺ˲佩ס۾¶ǻɫ
ڵǣһչǹǹ񵯣ټϻͲ֮ˣȻ˵Ҫǧ̨սһҳĸ
ؼھķɴͳսɲսͺĸԱġ



İ ָӹٺͶ³

Ҫ֪սһйҼٺü򣬺ĸʮҲӦеá
ɽפصսɴʵҲǧΪ󲿷ֶɢڸֳǣкͿ۹ĵط
ǾΨһһҳսҲڽ紦ſ۹ɽǡ
ԽǧսɴһҳսѾܿȵǾɽפصĴ
Ҳ˵ھ൱ڽһ򼶱ľװһ׼ҵ̣˹ôܲ
ټϣЩսɴͳսļֵǱеսֵ̺İھƼֵ
ǹͿռȣɴսĿƼ֪Ҫ϶ٲΡ
ΪԿƼΪǵ۹ܽھɴսļȫо͸ȻٽԼĿƼľʵؽ
ˣڽǧҰھɴͳսļֵ˵ǿ³³ˣǵ۹ҪȫҪѪ
ϲЦ𣿡
̯̯֡
˹ݺݵʿˮ
Ҫ쵼ʾһ£
ȨģұŴȨȫȨδͽĽףԭ
ŵڶνûˣϾνװ³³ȫˣҲ£òȥϵŴ
ȥɣȥɣ
Դϡ
˹ĵ뿪Ǿǰ
ôɴһҳս
ܺͿħҲĿ˽ϡ
˵ҪǮ۶ļյ꣬ΪҪʲôû뵽Ȼֱɴս
ţͰ˹ӵµĴ֣һҸȼİھڵϲɽ۷ս
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ոǷŭһҷɴϡ
Ŷлأ鷳ˣ
ǾĻϵĳ̲ס˸ֿڡ



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Ϊʱ˾ǵĸڶԶӱԹһʺһ㾹ȻТ˳ҵӡ
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ȫ֪֮顷һ㼯˴֪ʶİٿ飬нܵΰ𡤿졣
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糺Ů׵ٴںƿ˵Ժ𣬺ƿһŭ𣬳ŽǾ˿񱼶
òƲӭǣ
Ǿ״ԼԪǹħҲԳԼ
ͣ½Ų͵
ǲӭǣֻǱǱλСǡ
ڣ
ǾԽԽĺƿˣ̧ԼԪǹ
ǴͷǽѣڱҪǣǵҪҪ
ЦЦȻ˺˼
ûϵƤʹĺܣǾϣӻӳĵһսɲˣ
ӻӵļˣ˸³ûһʵģҪǰڵϼ꣬ûҪǸһµʵ
糺ŮסͺƿˣоӦӻӵˣԼʵЩѵ֪



İʮ ӻӴս糺Ů

أ
Ȼ˵Ǻ棬Ǿ˶¶ɻı顣
̧̧֣
ҳ־ûʲôˣͣ

Ǿ˻㿴ƿһԾ𣬳˹ֻߣ첲ȥˡ
³ء˹ȥԸǸͷȥƴͷļһ
㿪̾˵ĵһŭǾƶսƻ
̾ǽѣǵĿ겻ɱ̾ˣǣסһʮ͵̾ˣȻǿ̾˵ˡ
ƿˣ
û˵̾˷ŭһȻҪǾ˷𹥻ȴͻȻٲס˽š
ǡ³أ
ԭ˸³ʱóԼ
໣
³һʱ̾ڵأͬߴĵ˹Ҳûţ໽̾ϣĲӾһȭ
ƿˣ
̾˱˹һٱ󣬸ӷŭˡ
ֻ͵һӣϵĵ˹ͱĴ˳ȥȻݺݵײ˽Աߵʽսϡ
òң
ʽս˹ײӡǣҡҡͷ
ڣ˹Ȼ̾ˣ忹ҲһģԺܿͻָ໵ĳ̾ˡ
˸³ĸߴͷԸǣƣȱ첲Ҳܺܿ쳤˹ͣһ
ִƿˣȻڱѹ״̬ҲǿǴﵽǣƵĿģΪǾȡʱ䡣
һߣǾ˺糺Ů׽ҲܿͶˡ
ȷ糺Ů׺Ϳǵ˺ǾͻҲûпڱУbiubiuǹ˳ȥ
һӶ߳һͽ˳ȻճûΣǹȷ׼
ϧҲͨˡ
ӵٶܵĿգۼԭʧ糺Ů׸˫һû֧һܣסԪǹ͵ǹ
ءءءأ
죬ڱеǾħˣȫǱ˴Ӻһѣݺݵĳǰˤ˹ȥ
ǿž˵ٶĵ˵Ȼһ˸Ǽһ
ħƶǸ񶷸֣ʷͬһ㣬ˤ˲һžȵվ˵ϡ
ΪܵʮֵͬҲһѸٵĻ˱
ֻǾһڵˤ˸ʺֵվ
ǾӵаѪڸĵֿǳǿԿסʯпĳ
ûб֮ǰӦٶȵȷ棬ͨǿ١
СǸеģгٵ
վʽɻĻſڣһ䡣
ǾһѺվĿһתſħǱߵ
ȥԸǸŮģ˽Һͻ
ħƶһۣŤͷ糺Ů׳˹ȥ
ǾֱӿϵļɵУſһ
ܵĿ죬ܸòɰɣ
ȷȻӵгٵıɣǾɵҲһ
ǿҲͨ˲ֱ࣬ͨǹҲĳ̶ȣ˿ǾԼٶ
ȻտöԪӵȴǺȻоﲻԾ
ΪȻǿдӳ״̬˳
ԭôһѾλڿ˼ö֪θƬ
ЩƬغſڵϣͷųһɹǿ
ʱǱöƬԭء
үʲôûֻܵĿѣ
̧־һǹ˵ϡ
Ƥ
ǱûħͿħƲ糺ŮףȻŤͷܵܵ˵ϣʱʧأǿĻħƸ˳ȥ
Ȼڵ糺ŮףҪܱڵ
֪鱦ʯ糺ŮףڵĻʵǳǿ󣬺ڿƺ˶Եûޱʯӳɵԡ
Сڰ֮顷󣬸ֱӾ͵̩ͶԪĹջᡣ
ڣոմħƶͦѾġ
ħǿ󣬾ͨ񶷣ΪսҲʮֵĬ
糺Ů׳һħֻûħȥɫħⲨ˵ɡ
ؼȻҪᱨ𣬵ʵһֱʵҴţûɱˣҲͲôȥս
ոյĿڿǾ˲䣬ȻͲ֪ôˡ
ʱǰѱеƵǳûȰеߡ
΢ܵһЩѵֻҪһѷذףڽ볬ģʽ󣬻Ǿˡ



İʮһ һƳ

ôײУ
ħƱԷĵ˻ǾϽͼסǿֱӽҲһ˵ϡ
Ŷлأ
ӦĻתǹͷ׼糺Ů׿ǹȴֶԷѾԭأǷɵͷ
ȻҲһħǾ˵ķ
Ǿ˺糺Ů׻æڵ߽ܵܿ𣬷к󣬲Ŵ˿
ýˣ
Ǿ˱糺Ů״ɣ³غ͵˹ҲƿŰĿ컳ˣڲڼϷһӰγ̾˵ǰ
ƿˣ
ս˸³غ͵˹ſµĺƿˣͻȻ֣һȭ˹ȥ
ҳȥ
Ѹٵǰһ磬ƿ˵ĴȭͷȻһƴ˺ƿ˵ؿڡ
˲䣬ɲʿ㱻һƣиӲĴ˳ƿ˵壬Ҳ·ʩ˶һ㣬վǲˡ
ôˣ
ɲʿڵϣǰƿ˵壬ϾãȻ
ջЦ
ֻʱ뿪壬λСħ޷Чˣ
Щħоܹһֱӽһ˵д
һУԺ󲻹ܵ˵ǿ󣬶ôԴݻ٣ֻҪ꣬Ϳ˲ƽһƵС
ϱ±ķӡħЧá
һߣ糺Ů׿ͷ̾ˣȻǸʼտϷ˲䡰ɱ֪´ļƻƺʵʩˡ
ټսȥܻܵˣǸϽŵܵûħٷ
糺ŮױſߣȴûǾǰħʼơ
糺Ů׺ͿǻˣֻСʱΪսʧȥ˸ĸըĸ˹ҵĵ
ԲűͷߺͰ´ԻҪɵߣһûս硣
λȥ֪´νĴ磬Ҫάգģʯײ࣬Ȼ
Щ£˸飬㶼ţֻԼۿȻ
Ҫڲ̫ķչΪҪûлӵİæ´ϳô´޷ɱҲС
ҲҪͨ¼׬һСǣ㹻СȴȥµС翴


ħ첲ȫƿ˲˸³ػָ󣬲ٴǵ̾ǰ
ֻһ㽫ɲʿ塣
ʱ̾Ҳ۾
ʦѣ
û糺Ů׵ƣ̾ȻŭģȻҲָǡ
ɲʿֻҪŭͻ̾˺ƿˣ˵̾˺ƿ˾ûǵĹ
ʵϣƿ˳Щˣƺһֱܷŭ⣬ĵľӣֻҪ΢һЩһƫͻ㵱ѡ
ƿˣþò
Цǰĺƿ˵ļ򣬺ƿҲûоܾ
ͷڻָˣţڵĵôΣǵСʱġ
ǾԼϵ˻ģʽ
ƿˣ
ƿתͷǾˣһƺҪһ¸ոնǳֵǸ⡣
ֻŭı飬Ҫٴһܣŵü˲ְγ
ʱͻȻһƿ̧ͷȥһĻˣٳǷ˹
е˹𣡡
³ؼϣٴͳĵǹ
ǾҲæµ
õģѣ
״æ˰֣ΪǼٷĻˣǸᡣ
ţȥˣһֱ㣡
غ󣬿վǵĽ𣬶ʱ˿
ոò׸ɵ´һȴӰ´֪ŮҪƺƿ˸ƻæͳŰɲʿڵʽɻ˹
ڣȻˣƺûг쳣ϲǣȻѾʧ˴Ľ
άǾͷ߲вʱϵ𣬺˰´¼Űݷù
ӽ׹˹еõϢȴǣѾμѧУʵϰˣ˵Ҫºܻ
ͨ飬ױǴѧûôһʵϰ
ԣֻηôһǿİ֡
Χ´ʱ⵽شڹѸӳ˶ŮߵٿأڻͷǱߴȫ״̬
ʱĳ֣ǸԮᣬһǿ롣
뿪򣬸ȥתһȦҲǸողŻûҾͽӵ˰ɲʿȣӣƺ˲С鷳
ЦЦ͵



İʮ ߺӻ

ȥתһȦŶðɣ·;湻Զģѹϵ㣬ǣ
ĽͣҲһɣ¶˾ȵɫһĿ˽Ǿˡ
״˳ƽܵ
ʶһЩѣԳƺǡӻӣ
ᡤ˹ˣŵĿѧң
ִ̧˸к
Ǻãӭ򣡡
ˣԺеʱ죬ȸң뿪ʱ䵽׷ʲô𣿡
ϺĶԻֱ⡣
Ȼڡħʦѧͽ磬еӰ͵Ӿ磬ΪĴڣѾкܶ鷢ƫת
Ҫȷһʱ䵽׷ʲô
ŶˣƿȻȥɣ֣
ƺ뵽ʲôŤͷԺƿʩչ˸䡣
һ䣬ƿ˷ŭʱˣ¶˲õЦݣҲٵıС»˰ɲʿ
ƿ˱ԭǷŭֻҪŭˣıȻͻ
ҲǺڹѸúƿ˱ذɲʿԭ
άȣ
ñ䣬ŵİɲʿһ·ٴοڵ
ˣǿһ˵ˣ
һħɽ˺ƿ˱ɲʿᵱסˡ
ڽһѺʱѹеľȣʼ˵ʱ䷢һЩ顣
ԭڡƻֺۺ͸ĸ棬ܾѾȫ˾Ļ󣬹ģҲ
ˡΪԼҲжܾ־ֳһְɿƶɭΡ
ΪнĲ룬ܾҪԭܵ˺Сܶ࣬ʵȻǰҲɰһЩͷߵĲвѹŴ
άǵľͷ߻أǿƶɭܾ֣׷ͷ߲вһЩ¼ʱֵġ
Ϊάǵľͷ߻漰֮ǰ͵ߵȨȣԸٴμᣬһάǵĻأûȨȡ
´˵ɰæһĶ
ԭΪġȫƻҲʱøĵһߣⲻҪԱ
֮ǰΪƣά˹޷ͬʱϸĲٿôˣԼƻһֱûʵ֡
ֱڽάǵľͷ߻غ󣬴Ӿͷ߻ҵоǼĳɹȨȡ
ںͰɲʿһ𣬴˿ͬʱ˵ĳܡ´
Ȼ´ΪܵȨȵӰ죬ȻԼ־ΪӰƽҪء
ֻҪ͸ߴڣͲܺƽ
Ǳ͵Ȩޣʼ˻𸴳ߺȫļƻ
Ǿ׷û뵽Ȼ´ˣˡ
ǽֹ˺ƿȥиƻǸ߽ͻ⵽۹
Ȼ˻ûֱ̫޴ˣǵ۹Ϳ۹ô
Ͱɵڸ³ؼϵĻһʱϥǴĳЦ
ܾȻ˵ˣ
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ɻ
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ʺոҪǱүͱǸëȸſˣɵȱ
֪ԼˣˣʱӸ³صļ𣬳ǾȥǾ״æ
ѽѽ
˹ҪǾȻ˿ûǰȰܵĴ㣬ЦŹ˻ЩԾԾԡ
ԱߵƺͿħģͳ㽫ȫɵˡ
ǣ
Ͱɿսӻӣɳ˳졣
ԭΪŶѾŽˣû뵽ӻӱǻ
ҪǣǾһͺˣ
Ǽֲ֣Ϊÿ춼ڷɴݡ
û취˭ӻԼ⣬̫أ
ӻǱ󣬽ֱӻһͨͷյĴţ˴ţǱ߻ڻþ״̬ĺڹѸӳԼΨһһӥۡ
״̬̫ð
ǰһһ˵ĶͷԸգ˲佫糺Ůµħ
𣡡
ָǵ˿ĳ֣ȫ¶˾ϲɫ
ʮӺܾʽսϡ
Ѿ»ָĸǣڽĽ£ӵĳԱ໥ʶһ¡
ȻڸոյսУʽսѾݻ˴룬޷ʹãнڣһ޸Ȼָ



İʮ Ӻ˵ĶԹ

ô
ܾʽսʾϣعϣƵͨʵ
ҡҡͷȻص
ʧˣ´е𣬲Ϣǣʦˣ
ʦˣ
ϣʱ۾һ
ʦʵ綼ĿõģҲĿǰийʵǿһλ
ȻûгϹԼǸߣڴڵǸߵһԱ
ãϣع
ʱԱߵĽҲ̽ͷ˸к
ϣҲӴعǵʱǸزأ±˷ݵСʦ
ӭʦϢһܸˣ
ŶϧλҪϢ
ʼ硣
ռޱʯҪЩΣ϶Ҫˡиߵġ
ȻǿҲɲʲôó
ЩΣУδ꼯оúʵʡû»սʲô˷ʱ䡣
Ϣ
ϣʱһ¡
ЦЦ
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áͶٻǵһ´޷ӵİȫ֮أ˺Ϳƶɭ
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ĻȥԱߵĸʵ
ˣ޽˹ӳôˣоǲԾ
ǰʱΪһЩ飬ֵЩ졭
̾˿ԭί½һ顣
˲ìܵҪԭ֮ǰִܾãƷǸƤ˹Ķսʿ
뿪ӳŷ֣ԭǸսʿԼѾȥĺѰͻ
ӳСಡһֱǺѰͻչע䳬սʿѪΪӳҲǺͰͻһ
˵ͻҪѡ
ڶսʱִսİͻΪʲôֻˣ˾ͷߴĶսʿ
ھһϵеĵ飬ƶɭ˲پͷߵĲвӳҵ˴𰸡
ԭִʱͻºûˤǱͷߵʿȥϴԣһûм䣬ֻ֪ɱ֡
ͬĶսʿͷǻһЩ
ڿƶɭ·Ⱥİ£ͻڻָм䣬мֳһܴ⡣
ǰͻڱƳΪɱֵʱ䣬Ϊͷɱ˲ٺˣУиĸĸ
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ʱ޽˹ҵ˵ûиɫ
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Ȼôʱ䣬ӳͰͻˣѾԭ˴룬ֻǰӲŽš
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֪ڰοңʵʱһ룬վĽǶĻƺҲûд
ողΪ㼰ʱϵɱǸŮ߿ƶ˺ˣǳԸҲΪĴ
룬޽˹
ЦЦ
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ȻҪĻվܺͺõĻ϶á
˵ķɻ̫ˣովӦҵģҵŵţٶȾԳǵ󣡡
߸պ꣬ʹǾıԹ
εҡҡͷǰ濪ɻӥʵ
ͶعҪɶÿԵĿĵأ
ЩԶҪСʱǿ˯һ
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Ѵλ˵һ£ڷɻǰֱӿţͲ÷ôˣ
úãǡ
Ͷһ£ͷĿĵص걨һ顣



İʮ ͽ

ŦԼ⣬һԶĲƺϿա
Ȼһ޴ĻȦƾճ֣һʽսԽȦ˲ƺϡ
Ȼڵʱʲôⶼܽ
ԭҪСʱķ·̵ֱ̣˼֮䣬̲סһ̾
ǵ֮ǰͽȥЩսʿʱ·ҪɵģǿƢ̫õĻھȻѾԿһռ䴫ţֱӵĿĵء
ֻ˵ħ֮ǰ϶ֱĸˡ
ħôôҪпҽһ£
Ц
ҡҡͷ
ˣҶǸû츳һרоҵսװɣ
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ڲƺشһŷʽСһʴԺӡ
￴ŵȷܰȫ
ɨһȦܣֻѿʲô߿Ƽ
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Թ𣬿ǾʱͿʼЩɻʶ
ħƺ͵˹ʱͱõľЩƤɫôô֣ѵcosplayߣ
󣬵ͷ쵽ݶ˸³أϱŵǹĻʱ˶ʱЩɵˡ
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ڷɻһѾ֪˽ڵϵĳƺźһЩ¼
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һĳĺˣһΪ˻ܾͷ߶ԸԼսʿͻȻԼȻھͷߵĲٿ£ɱô޹֮ˣĸǶôı
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Ѿսڵ˵ĿɱԼصʱµҲܸӡ



İʮ ȫԱ

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ŵһֻ۾½½Ȼһ΢Сһŵ֩룬еСײ˳
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Ϊʱصʱħ٣Щ˽ʬѾԹϽ׽̽ﵽëˮƽ
ּϿ˱ͳԽ˵ǿʣЩｩʬͬгǿͷ֮Զ̹



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ЩǵͨˣڱסˤڵصͬʱҺϸʴһ󶴣ֱӱϡ
Ҳֻͨˣǿİ´ˣΪ˸ΪϡеĲϣʹǣҲܿͿǿͻƣֻ˵㲻ΪС
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´ţòشĵˣȫȫվʱһִûй



İʮ 

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˺󣬽һ仰ٴηɵϷ
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ȻǿǲƲѾɷĳУոջϲף˲ı
ȻάУֻһСĲСĹңֻһС
ڴ󲿷άУΨһļҡ
ΨһļңҲ˷棬ΪʲôôĲпᣬʮǰǱսĴݲУò׸ߣӽùһЩ֮֡
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İʮ ħ

˳ĽǮջħʿ̵ϰóʮֵ飬ʼԼչʾħƷȫһһ
ڹ³һпħ̵ֱ꣬ѡ
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SħʿǾʵѾԶһħʿĶħʿһֻһڣһĹܶûС
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ȷʽҲǲŴħ˽⵽һЩĿǰ׶ΣɵĻ϶û취⿪ħ߼ʽ
ԶһǾһʮᡣ
ôܶƵԶûʲôǾԵ顣
Ҫôֻ֪Ҫ
ֻҪ㹻ǿʲôԷͻ֮Ķǳһܸ㴸ϡá
߼ħڵʽȷǿSħʿʮֿƷϵĻƿҲǰ߶Ϊʲôôе
ǽͬħͱʥʮ޷ҪǿһΪָռЩ巨ʦħÿ켫ɹ۵ٶš
ټϣѧоôħںܶħʮļ⣬Ƕڷ硢סˮ֮ĻԪأЩǿƿء
ѧϰħħУҪһЩûмħϵħۣԼħϵ
߲εϵȥԾǨ
ԣνĸ߼ʽħȻǿ󣬵
ΣգᱻгƬģ
¶ɯȥʱ󾪣Щǵѵ
ָ߼ʽħͬͨħҪǰ׼Ҫǰʱ䲼ضĵطܷЧ
ȱܶ࣬󵼣սá
ħͬĶ֮
ǾǣһħɣҪԶһͷŵħ
ԣҪƽⰬ߶õĸ߼ʿħڣǽԷϵħӦãԶ߶޽ӽSķϵħʿ
ԼҲҪȫʢʱڣֳַ񽣣ǿƿ
νԶϵħ֪ʶôƿħڣ
𻹲ȡгħе˲ͱһ顣
һϵħҵħڣβ͵ħʿô֪
ܺãǾ͵ҿ㱻гƬٷȥްǵĻ᳤ȥ
߶Ѿ뿪ˣĻʱԷġ֪Цˡ
Դ㿴ⳡɱĺϷټԼΰƻ
һΣ㿪Ҫקصĸ׺ȣһʳָǿħ˲ڱ
磡
һʵһɫ磬ʳָзɳȻǿ뵽ǱŰС
ɲǼ䣬ת·ͬһԽʳָΪģٵĳɢ
һʱ䣬ǿ񱬵磬;Ȼֹͣתȫһɫ磬վɢؼ䡣
ǿʵҲû˵ôΣգܼ򵥵ģ
ʳָתѾĿɿڴ¶ɯˣ¶һ΢Ц
ܣôܣ
ʱڰеİ߶ɫ䣬һŵĴ
ԼħҲܾô׵Ľƽ⣬οǸûŶûеβħʿ
ؼոնԷƽħڵӣҲ̫ˣֽ⿪һ΢Сħ
֪һʱ䣬ЩԽܡ
ɵĺã𣬽ͽҰɣ
ȿɲô࣬Ƶ˸ħڣʱϲðӳһԾŰеİ߶˹ȥ
ǱߵĸҲʾȭཻʹ˶Լɵı֮ħһӵϲı֮¥ݣȻ¥Ҳȥ
ȣҪҵģ
һһҳԼȺ͸ף߶һߣ
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ֻе͵ĻӶ£СͣԼٶһһֱӽȺ͸׸˳ȥ
һվ¼Ŀסǵβħʿ߸ȷеǸɵŮƺŵSħʿ
Էֹ֮ѣɱ󹫻᳤ļƻǰ¶
ˣڹСëûз
֪ʲôֵķҵħڣȻˣҲֻȰȫɱ⣬ȥްˣ
ʱŮħľûвʹħڱƣҲôˡ
ԣֻ˷һЩʱˡ
Щŵ˾ˣǾһжԼУЩѾǵƿأҲʶӶԼ˵Լ
Ľ׵ľħڣһҪǿķϵħʿΪǲܡ
Ϊòܻ˱ǿôࡣ



İٰʮ һС

쵰Ʋң㣬ġ
籩һһӵȣŭŷվǰһͷħ󣬵һھ޴˳ȥ
ͬǱ߱ɵĸҲʹԼľУ
֮͡ǹ
֮ìӸ׵ħмݺݵĳŰ߶˹ȥ
ҿ߶ЩԿġ
һһļл߶˿ţһŭ𣬽ԼеһƬӰȻһ޴ħϳ֣
ϵ£
ǿı˲ͣȻ仯һıս£ϡ
ȵȵ𣬻Ǹױĳì絽㱩սʱǿֱӴᣬƫƴط˿˵İ߶ֺ
䣡䣡䣡
ƫƵͱìأħǿƻֱûվһƬȫ˷档
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Եվһ޴ʱûٲ֪Χۿ֣ٶ뿪С
ֻҪס˾У֮Ĳ⣬Һ˻ȫ˸ǡ
ôܣ
߶Ȼô׵ľƵǵľУȺ͸ͬʱ
ûõģǵĻͱ޷ͻҵķ磬ȥɣ
߶һЦ˫һһҶ׼Ⱥ͸ͬʱһͬħ

ķгȺ͸׷
˫ŸӻٶȣܵĶħһܣ֧š
УȥǸ޷˵򵹰߶ˣ
վ¥ḻİ¶ɯȫڱѹ״̬Ⱥ͸ף¶˵ǵɫ
·뵽ʲôŤͷվŵĽ
ʲô취𣿡
ʵϣڸոħİ߶ΪSħʿİ¶ɯԸոսƳħڵĸоΪ̡
ΪһɲǼ䣬ӽϸܵһʮֲֿħ
ֻǹɲһЩȷǲԼоˡ
ڰ߶Ϊĳȡɵİ취ħڣĸƫڽһSʵķϵħʿ

šҵǿõСɣƿǲ籩ܡ
˵ͷ
Ȼ¶ɯˣȻܾ
Ҳֵ̫ۣȥֱһᰡħѶԷ
ò˶ã־Ҫˡ
ĿǰֻҪȺúоħҪôߵ
ǣٴֳŰ߶һָһɫ͵ķָɳѸٵ뵽˰߶ǲ㱩С
Ȼ󣬾֮ǰħһ߶ǲǿķħֱ߽⣬΢΢磬̡
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Ű߶ɣеǸͷ״֮ѣҲ֮׷˻վ·ϡ
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ʧܵĻпܻᷢħ繫᳤ȫɱ֣Ĵ¼
֮ѵķӡѾҪȥһ᳤취·ӡ
ʱ΢ָһħ¶ɯҲվ
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˰֣һңȫȺ͸ϵ̬ȡ
һԲԵ¶ο
Ѿˣ㻹ʧħʱ֮ħӰħϵħҼħħʿˣ
οŻȻ֣ôħΪʲôҪοҪοĲӦʵûʲôõԼ



İٰʮ ħ

ʵȤоֲͬ͵ħʲôħҪһ㡣
¶ħа¶ɯʿװħҲͦȤġ
һǫ飬һ޵˵һյԵĻ
Ȼ¶ظ֤
ħȤʱҼҰָĲԶҿԽ㣡
ָܹôĽѧϰħ˵ʵҲһͦгɾ͸е¡
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ҵʿװħȤҲԽ㣬Ҫ׼㹻ǮΪ׺ܷǮ
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ҪĲħħֻܿװҪЩס
ҪǿףҪǮȥħ̵ⶨƣ֪һҺܲģƼ㡣
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ΣЩ׶ڰ¶ɯԣǽʹûЩף¶ɯսҲ׵S
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ˣ羫оʺԼħá
Ǿллˣ
¶ɯĽͣû̫ʧ
ܽǿĸ˲ٻϣҲǲħˡ
׵⣬Ȼħ죬ǿרŵĹ죬ǱͲʲô⡣
ΪֻҪǮҹ⣬⡣
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˴ӻվ㽫߶סȻ֮ȥްóӡĻ᳤·ӡʱ
ϵ֮ͻȻһɭ̶ļ
ţһ޴ĺɫħ󣬱ƾճеϿա
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ǵζһٶȻָʵɣ
ֺаֻ۾ȫ˰¶ɯߡ
⼸иܵʮǿ꣬ͷӣɢϢĿˮҪˡ
⼸˵꣬òԼʵָܻ۷״̬ͻƣЩԶǿĶħ
ôһӣһ͸ߴ㲻۷״̬Ҹɣ
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Ȼʱָ˵ħİ¶ɯ۾һ˲ٻһ׺ɫŶħ򣬿ԸٷеףԼһӹĺɫ󽣡
ܷ뿪һɼѣ
ǰǴ˵ΪʳĶħǿɱ֮ɱС
󱻴ǿħʿֻܣӡ
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˵һĿǰЩĥ͸Ľ
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Ⱥ͸׿ɲ֪ΪʹԷӴ󣬵ɵһʱӦ¶ɯĺ٣ǹ˹ȥ
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ųԼħʿħֱóԼǿ츳ħ



İٰʮ ӡħ

ħ֮ǰƢضҪȷŶħһٺ䣬ٽԿŰŰŰ־
Ϊֻɱɵ꣬оζ
ǣûôҪǸӦǸɫͷħʿЩ̫ǿǿоʮֵļɵ
ΪԷֹ⣬ƸȷžȺħʿǵ꣬ʵָˣʼϷ
СģҪʼ֮ˣ
¶ɯ˸ոأûзɵħǰȻзһǿ⣬·һ룬ͻʲôֲҪ
ʱħŴͣһ޴ħҲ֮ǰ֡
߶Ϊܽһɱй᳤֮裬ħʩչ׻ôǿ
¶ɯ˴ʱҲʮֵûס
ɣҲô˰ɣҲŸռ빫ᣬճΪһʽħʿһûأ
¶״ŵú͹ȱһš
ףǽʲôʱȥģ
Ȼ䣬Ǹ޴ĹͷͻȻһϤӰһǸոջվߵĽ
ոĻ²ۣΪʲô𿴵ôĹȴôĵȻ˿ûкµļ
ƺԴ󣬾ûйʲô̫ı仯
ǽ𣡡
źɫͣڰеİ¶ɯ˲ħͷĽӰжʱ¶һĨϣɫ
֪ûô򵥡
ո˲ֵħʮټĿռħħ
ʲô֮裿
ûӰγħϷſѩ׵ĳֶͷͷų׼õħ

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ȻԼѾʮ˴ε䣬Ӧܵɱ֮и򵥵İ취ֺαðǸûҪա
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վһϷŸոջڣһҪŴлصħھȻﲻͣ죬ȻԼĲӣһʲôסӣһɻ
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ֻ֮ǰֻų㣬Ȼ¡
վ棬һγֻħͷһΣﻹһŸַĵĵ緹ҡ



İٰʮ ¬ʿ

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緹ҵڣѾ¶ɯΧŹĹڵϵħĶǿħѸٵķ˷ӡħ
ԭʹ÷ӡħһǱ±Ƕطӡö˹ޡ
ֻǺĽӡħΪ߷ӡħķӡЧʹԷӡΪǿĵˣѡ󣬿Կ̻ĵĵ緹Ϊӡý顣

·ӦԼˣħŵҪ룬Ϸ緹ͷŵķӡħ
κΣ˵ǿǹ¸޷ŲֺټոħʿѾˣʹ
Ǿٶ׸ߵħһнС˽еĵ緹С
ϸӣڷڴһģŵ緹ңȶų򻺻
Ѿӡˣû°ɣ
ԼϰħҲ㹻ǿգħˡ
ָЩ涯ȻǴ˺һ㣬ǿXXXXX涯ڵʵԣҲ
ֻǸֵ츳ħʱá
ϣħܽնħһϵзֻҪ㱾ﵽͿԽнա
Ŀǰ塢ħ;ȸ棬ӦöԴﵽħĳ̶ȣҲǶڽħ⡣
Ⱥһ㣬ͿԽħȻԼ޴ħ
˵ʵħۺʵôǿԼҲԱٶ׵ľˣٸħ͸ħܰħ
ħĻħҪħĶħ漸Ρ
صģħǴ˵УԴɱħ֮衣
֮ôǿڴһµġ
ԣħʱðһ÷ӡħӡ˵緹С
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ΨɾĵŻƺûʲôġ
û취Ϊ֮ħʿֻҪԵԼĻ棬ͻǿټħʿһֱȻһħʿԱ⡣
ԣȵħɱҲ簬¶ɯͿҪʤϺü

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ոմħʱǵټڸմͳˣʱ俨Ļ׼
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ڷŮ˺ǺЦЦ
ȻҲǽӵ֪ͨŴ¬ʿţĽħѾǶħ·ӡˣ
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¶ɯ˿ΧΧǵ¬ʿţüͷ塣
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ǲˣʲôһĽͨĿܹ޸нʧħʱ֮
βͣѾ֮ǰͬˣ



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˵βһλʧħħʿˣҿҪ㣬ɲǰۿڣһУҪʱ֮ħ޸ɲô׵һ¡
ڷ³΢΢ƺڽʱ֮ħϡ
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ʵϣһУ磬ҲһسǴС֮ǰԭάǱȣɾ̫ˡ
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װħʿҲܴ洢һħǿһЩĿѡ
¶ɯģܴ漸ʮܴʮ׵ģʵҲ츳ˡ
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٤³Ҫô꣬Ǹһ˵ͨռħʽƵĻʱֱӴĿˣɾ鷳ˡ
˵ɹϵ᳤սƻЩû
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һɫ׺ѥɫɫ۾ŮŰʮķɫĵСɡޱ˵
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ҲΪʲô᳤Ҫĸһ֣ΪԷһ
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٤³ĺڷһߣҽԺ˹ȥ
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¶ÿ¶ΪⷢħʿȻǹطǴŵ飬˵ٱˣǽͦġ



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Ǵʼʶڣ¶ƺ˿ûбֲֳƷСһЩ
һһֱΪԿŬƴĵײŮ
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ԼݱҴ¶ЩεĵǸ
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˵ոǻΪĻȣĻЩǣ¶׿ڳϣȷĺ󣬲ıˡ
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һʮ Ĺı

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ٶʮ ල

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ˣѡһǶΰĺֵܽһǷҵһЩ߲㣬ضѡվڽԱߡ
ң˼ҸողžȻš
ðɣ鲻ֲɱħʵֻǵδδԽԽ󣬶ֶˣܱ֤ܲ
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ͳŭĸͳһڸ߲㣬ҲЩƿԡ
ȷʼǷЭĵԹ͹Ϊ׵Ⱥ˸ġ
ԹΪ׵ȺҪƿظǿлỹҪܲܽЩߣȫȥʵ飬ǵھӵʿϡ
һϵĳԱǵĸ׳֯ڽȡеȨ˵谭ʩչԼ档
Ϊ˳ĳǱΪ壬ԸԼҲҪҵĳӢۡ
ǶڴĹ߲ԱԣʵΪҪģֻǱ˰󲿷ͨ˵һƣΪҪ档
統Ϊ棬ҪȥƲĳңĳҷսʱͻȻվֹͺˡ
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ֱҲûһΪֹ
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Ȼ𵱼ලߣûκε⡣



ʮ صѡ

117쵼ˣȫƱͨϳӢۼЭ顷СʱϹ鳤򸴳гԱǸ
ϣٴμᣬħΣ
±˹ѾӦԸΪȫҲǿıգѾʼᡣ
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Ŷyes
ǱߵİɯѾ˷ܵİԼСȭ
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ֻǣ֪ΪʲôɯֱܾУǸħӳֵ뿪ʱ˵ЩвĻöĸо
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ħ϶ǸӣҪԵ꣬ô˵Ҳ
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ͦõģʱûм棬ˣҶûü㣬żǰĩԳɼô
ϾĽһǬŲƣ˦˰ɯ
ɯĩɼԭ²ıʱһæ˰֣
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ɯ뿪󣬽
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˵ͷֱͨħϵӰγʷٷԱߡ
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Žеǹ򶨣ʷٷ˲ϣ
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ʷٷַԾȿŮʿ
һ֣ҵƵħҩôֹҿٻʮңδֻҪÿʮͷһħҩܼȥ
ȱǣɻ˥ϣԽԽϣֻһֱڲά֡
ڶֱ֣ɱȡĲѪ͹ͷ꣬Ȼħ
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ʷٷһȻÿػָģ⡭ֱ̫ϲˡ
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ʷٷץסص֣ȻѾľ
һֱվԱߵĽҲǰ̾˿
һˣ֪ԼԷϷͯٴλصʱȴûʲôԥľܾ̹Ȼĵȷһ˿ġ
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ܻţϣԼһֱȥ硢棬кܶδ֪Ҫȥ̽
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Ψһź¾ûмʷٷһ棬ҲѾֲź
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ȻǸأǱʮʷٷȴɻǸʷٷԿصİɴûб䡣
ȻڵĿأѾǸ׷ԲԵˡ

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Сʱ󣬵صֶŮİ±ʱǰĻڳڱʹеʷٷ򣬰ο䡣
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ǵõӰǱߵĿȥ»ص棬˳㽫ƽĶƸ档
뵽⣬ͻȻ뵽ǸܹƤķӣҲǸö
ʱħҲԻصȥʱתҲԻصȥܹ̫ԶƤķӶöС
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ڶ죬ٴȥһ׶أǲμ˿ص
죬Ԩħһȫעսڼƻˡ



ʮ ࣬ӭɣ

׶ؽ⣬һΪƫƧλá
һ޴ģŸطĵĺɫħ󣬺Ȼڸ߿С
ХƱɫħ󣬴ŨŨİϢеһοˣж̲ס˸
Ǻɫħ·лŵ·ʲôٵĳԶӴܶȥ
һЩߡ󡢹ȶСһЩ֩롢ơ飬򾶼ڷļ
һ쳣󣬺ܿ㱻;Ա֡
Ƕħ˵ٴڣҰնħµĻܻڵκһС
ԣиѾ˸ּ豸Ǹҵ׶С
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֮ǰһ·ֳǧȻֱӽ̶ȵħըЧѡ
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Ȼ㣬Ҳܸ̫٣һ֪黹ǲ֪ĸ߳Աʱ򹥻ʱ϶ȫԸġ
ķԭǣֻҪС
Ϊֻף˵ҪԣԼΣճ̶ȡ
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Լսӥ糺ŮסӺͶ
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ΪıǶԷУǺò׸ɵ룬һӣֳ˲٣ͷ·ԶҲɱһ
ƾǣٻĶħ򲻹ֹңֱ̫ˣ
վں棬һӡ
϶ǲøǾô׽սôԵóǵΰ
ԣѾþһ⣬˶ٶùҵʣƤĴҲǲС
ңŰ˵ĻᣬҲôࡣ
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йۿֱ˲ףԭʵǿʦǲæ׼ǿħ
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ʦ˵˶ħٻħ˲ߵֻܿнս˵ٴϣ
ʵϣν֮Ͳڡ
ոֻǽһŴ䣬Ȼ˳Ƴı
û취ͽͲǿʦΪʲôսҴҲû취Ķħſռһս
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ħĻпֱ˶ʱ̾ʦȻõˣһʹ˼䡣
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մᣬŻħĽͽķݶϷǲ˳飺
ȥϷǿϧˣ
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ΪʱסҵħͿԴӮң
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ոձıΧŹ˰죬֪黹ǲ֪ģҲԹˡ
ıʧֵΧŹˣҽ𻹲ħֻܿӲһɶǻĲС
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ƿ˵߲ףʱħʮףԺƿ𹥻𣬾Ǹճ40׵𹥻һһװ˴߸ĳһ
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ۼ͵ĺƿ˾Ȼһɣ֪ʹΧŹúòԣҲԲǽĶ֡
㲻ħħ֮ĹͷҲʮֵĿֲ
ǣӳָС֩롢˹³ء˵ȽսӢָۣսӥǾܵԶӢ۴ϡ
糺ŮסӺͰɯλʵǿȫӢۣȳ͹ؼԵĹ
Ȼصףָǿ̾ˣһﲻָӣֻҪͣĻС
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ҲֻæһΪ˵Ĺ޷Ƶķ
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˵ֻ㣬ǽħͰŰôңǺûѽ
ԭãӦǴƽ֣Ͼħ󣬲ûЩħҲûЩħֻǿѡ



ʮ 

ȿȣҾˣȻӦûһ˻ܻˡ
ʷٷѵĴӿȻȳɤһѪĻһ䡣
ȻڹǵʱȻ㹻ݣҲЩȻǲÿ˶ˣȴûһ
Ҳ˵еĻҪǿ
ڣðɯβɣ
ҡͷЦЦһƨ˵ϡ
ʵû˵ȴף㣬Ϊ˸δܵƺ⣬ʵΪѾ븴˵İɯ
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װһѪȻ˻ڿеİɯ
ڣʣˣ
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ոΪֵĹûжԶħ˺ﻹЩǿڵȻǡ
ĶħѾѪ˵ոմҵĹã˵ԷҲѾˣֻҪŬһ㣬пӮ
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СС׻С䡢СȸûʲôǿħԴܶĶħ
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ڽһʱڣĽָУֿʼ˺ܶµ涯
и͵Ļиָֻڡ涯ⱾУܿϡ涯
糤ˮߡҶ֡èߡȵȡ
ȻҲûľͰе涯ȫװԼĽָ磬ֻҵֻ󣬷ڽָרŵʱǿٷ׳
һҲ̫ʦĹע
ȥһǣͰлȫߣǹƵڶԤԼձоͻر
޶ĸҲʧҵ
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죬Ƹưɳ緹ûûӰ뿪˾ưɺĶԽ
ʱĶԽ֮ǰҪкܶࡣ
Ϊʱ䣬µһСʦյèͷӥȥѧ֪ͨ飬ȻڼҳǵĴ£½½ԽɹѧƷ
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ǰдʹ޶ǾȿĿһԽвɹ
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Сʦ͸ֳĽֵܿʦĳ糾ùĵſڡ
ԽĿģҪŪħ顣
Ȼ˵ħ϶ѾûжҲҪųԼ
Ͼһѧϰħ磬ϣԼ⼸ʱԾܵʦǵħʵ
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ħоʦǣɱβЩֻ֪սԼħʿҪǿܶࡣ
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ԣ㽫Լħ֪ʶһһħϵøʦȥо֮ǰ
ҲδͻһЩСϲ
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Ž룬ĵԱ۾һæĴŽȥ˵곤칫ҡ
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Ѷþò
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Ҳû̫ףóһԼдõħݸ˵곤
ҵ顶Զ봫ŵĲӦá㿴ź֮ǰһҳ˾С



ʮ ټ

ǡһڿռħ飡
Ѷ·һħݣжʱ¶˲˼ɫ
ΪħϵļأֻҪʹħͿǰκһطҾûȥĵطҲԡ
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ִħĿʵ֣ǽʦеƶʽҪ̫ˡ
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ⱾħĿʵ֣ⱾҪˡ
Ȼԣ
ڰ칫ڻһȦȻʾѶȦ
ѶûֱӴȦЩĽԼͷ˹ȥҪȦǱߵ
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뿪󣬷ѶſڵĵԱ˰칫ңԱ칫صĻѩ¶ɻɫ

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׶ؽĸҽſڣһȦƾճ֡
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һĿܾӣǰüдѾͺԼãҪһȥȥ

һ˲䣬˺һЦŻֻӦ
ʮĵһμ棬һԭģٴ˵
һ̣ƺЩԼȱʲô
˵֮ǰںֻôһĺøУڣʮķֿط꣬øһӾ˺ܶࡣ
ʮ꣬Ȼ˳ʱǸһֱͬϵܺõŮ񵱳ûκθı䡣
ʮӺ󣬴ɫɫţпĺŸβСƿҽĴ˳
þòڹĻ𣿡
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źź󣬽ó׼õǱԶ봫ŵĲӦá˹ȥ
һദ꣬Ըô᲻˽⡣
ҲΪԸ񣬲ŻԺ˸кøаɡ



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һȦ֣źӸҽſڿ˹
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ǣⳡ籭ۼʦеĿ氮ߣкüʦоȻһ

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ԣҼڶķǳ졣
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ڣԹģڲ˼弸լڣɵɼҵĻ̸̽Сǡ
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˸ߵħſڣûüƿͱԤԼձļ߸˸š
ȿٲɷ𣿡
ˣ˻֣ڲҪܲɷá



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ѩϼ˪ǣȦʧûãǰһ๷ȺſˮΧ˹ӰʦϽͳԼħȣԱ߻ڰյѵ

뿪ǧ֮⡭ˣһӦöٴǣԳˣ
Ȧ󣬽ŤͷĿɿڴĺЦ
Τ˹ֵѾ볯Ž˴Ĵָ
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ЦЦֵٴγˡ
Ϊ˷ֹٷո뿪󣬽ʹһſڵסߡ
ΪӢŵ֣ʦвٷ˿ģһϳҲ鷳
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ΪһЩԶǰʦҲʼˡ
Τ˹Ҹڵ⣬һʦСкŲְֻ֪ħȣͱһֻ͵㳦Сı档
뿪û߼ͿСŮף߷ɨ㣬治׵ĵط׷š
ֽǱҪ׷ң
зǰСŮףԲܲٵٶȣ˦С飬˷ܵĴš
ͬʱҲܿܶʦħ緹дŰ۵ķףйķŮ׵ȵȡ
ǡѵҵ۾ëôһж̵ģ
ǰһأ޶ͻȻ۾
ԭǰһƬ϶һɫҶװΣզһΪһι״ɫСɽ
ӵı־˵ҶݣҪҪһǵϣֻҪɣ
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˼ֵ֧Ӣӣ
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ǿÿһϣһͬ
һɫͷǷʱʱգһۣ¶һĨ΢Цº˧
ǱˣǽԼ
⡭Ż治Ҳһϰɣ
ϣĽԼգ΢Ц۾ʱðСǡ
𣺡



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Ϊﲻи˼ħݣиָԲͬĹҵʦʳħƷ
ĺ磬Իûг緹ڿӪĸʳһӾ͡Ľ
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ΪʷΨһһУڼ䣬ͱҿ¼ȡԱԼħ顣
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涼ʳ󣬴ֿʼЩ߰ʲôܶеħߡ
ٽʱǲٴηΤ˹ҵħ
ʱʰüѾΤ˹ˣѾΪ׼˷ʢ͡
Τ˹ҵªͬڵĿڵӪزرԶΤ˹ħˮƽȫԲԿףҲܻӰι
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ߵҲ˹
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Ư
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ǿֲ磬ҲôƯ黹ôͳħ飬ʮӣΪʲôƫƫͿ
ǲ֪ǣڸѧϰħƯŮ̫ˣͲò⡣
ԺиоֻΪڸտʼӴħʱһֱͺһۺѧϰħټʧٴĸо
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ĵºߵĽߴٵ
ĻʱѾȥڴУٴӿͷ
СĵĽǶɫӺȻʼֱϡ
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ٴγһ׺ɫһ¶ֻ˳һֱ˵¶
źͣĻϵ·Ҳڲͣ仯ÿһ׵ĿʽͬҶǴʦƷ
ؼ棬иȹӡ̿㡢¡סµȵӦоС
ֺ󣬺ֵֻϵ·ɫʼ仯
ԭɫǽħɣ˱ħװħͱɫħһϵħֻɵ椣ṩļײͬʽ·
Ϻͨ˲Լϲ·ıɫħԼ뷨ԼҪ·



ʮ ˹Ͷٺ͵ķ˹

ʱֹȥһ¡
һµʱ䲢ûзʲôر£ֻǽ˸оƺ֮ǰֵĸЩ
ĳЩҪĳϣŮͻ߹סĸ첲·ʲô
ʱ󣬵һʱܸоƺҪʲôΪ̫ߣַˡ
Щ仯ﵱȻҲûرȥıʲô
Ҳʮ꣬ȻΪ磬ѾǸڽûг꣬ԾദţҲͦá
ʱܶ࣬Ϊȥ編ָ磬ʱһʱ䣬Բż
ôˣôôˣ
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ԭʱħҩΣ˹սһֱڽ̴ҵƽⶾΪСʦѧϰⶾ죬ų˺ݻ
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Ϊ˹Ͷٺ͵ķ˹ʵһ죬ǵ˲Ҫݣ˹սУ졣
뵱֪ԼҲǶԼΪ̵˹սڣҪΪУˣǱǶôľֺѿ

һڣΪʾԭѧУеĻ⣬ѧУǿصһЩ¡
ѧУѧʲôۻȵʿ˭֮ǰʷ¼ǿЩĿȵȡ
вûдﵽСʦҸϣͼҪҳԼİ취
Τ˹ֵܣռֲҩĲϣҪѡʿ֮ǰܿ
ѧ⣬ǱҲЩı仯
Ф񱻲ϴɾˣЩбϴȻΪʮֲ
ЩҲﭹʱҲٸ֨֨ˡ
Ա˹Ѷ棬һѧǰЬɾ׺ݵشŵһ꼶ŮЪ˹֢
̹ҲԵøš
ݺںΪУԼĶ޽ӵһϣѵ⡣
ҪѧУ˵ʱ¶һϡõıħ
֮ĸоǾȶⳡǿԼڻȵħѧУŵĵʮֵӡ
Ҳѹֵ˲ҪΪʿȶû汭
Ҳǵ˹ոΣȾǿˣʱ򲻹У֮λȣʦһħѧУͷҲҪɥʧ
ʮʮգѧУ糿ںͺ緹ʱõװΣµı仯
ĿԺάڣҹҹħһĵ
ǽ϶޴˿ÿһִĵһѧԺ
һͷɫʨӵǸҶ࣬һֻͭɫӥĿͣƵһֻ⵵Ǻ棬̵һɫߵ˹֡
ڽ̹ӵĺ棬һĺǻִĵ£ʨӥⵡһ𣬻һĸH



ʮ 鴬

һڿǰСʱʹ˹СʦһصὫ鱾£ӡͼɫڵ˶ӡ

վڶǰ棬ԱҪʽ;µ˹սڣŽ֡
ԭΪʦڶжеĽ𣬱˹սһʱٴν˵ĿԼϡ
ʦͬԣǾֻҪ֣ͻȻ
ۣǽǽ𣡡
ԭȽϰ˹ֶ飬˲
Ϊʦԭ򣬳꼶˹ʦ꼶˹ʦʵӿѧڣ涼û𼸴Ρ
õģڣ
ΣֻôӶ߳˹յǰ档
˹Ŷһɨʱʧš
Ϊ˹˹ֵԺƽƫ̻˹أ;˹ֵСʦ
ʵϣһ
һҪУԱߣ˹ֵĶ飬졣
ɱһ¼ɺ˹ձ΢һЩԸ
УӣȻҪŵ˲ѧУУ
һ˹ߵľûԺ쵼ˡ
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Ȼ꼶ʵ˹ֵʸ쵼˹ֵʦ
ʵҲ˹Ķڽһ
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ȿȣˣҲôţû£źöӸңȥѧԺʦϣ
ŤͷǰţѾ˹ŵһҶһ꼶Сʦǣ¶˸º͵Цݣִ˹Сʦһ¥˹ȥ
ʱŻɫĺСʦǣѾںԺ˹ؽڵĴŶվá
һɫĿͺźɫĸҶСʦǣҲڸάںڵĴ£¥
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ɫ۵ĵ˲ະһ˹ճųǱ˳ȥ
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ȶźú󣬾ѧУҪʱ仹ӡ
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ͬѧУѧ³´󣬿ߴĻִĳǱͻСʦ𾪳̶Ҳûٶ١



ʮ µв

ݽ֮ǰڸ˽⵽Ϣ
˹ͶħѧУڱţ˹ɽûгǱһׯ԰ſһ޴Ȫ
ķ˹ħѧУȻгǱǱֻĲߣԶȳǱôĺΰ;޴
Ŀǰ˹Ͷٺ͵ķ˹ʮСʦֱҲʮҡ
Ҳ˵ѧУ꼶ѧҪһЩ꼶ܴﵽʮѧҲͺͻһѧԺﵽʮѧࡣ
ɴ˿㣬ħѧУУʦҲͲȵһ롣
ҲѹѧУʦȺ󣬻ᱻȵĳǱѧˡ
ʵĲ࣬һΪȵ󣬴󲿷ʦԸ⽫Լĺ͵
һ棬ҲΪѧУĻ
˹ͶŮУϲŮѧҹʮֵϸر𽲾ǣУǱȺҪһͷĻѪŮʦķķ
ķ˹ֻմѪͻѪϳʦרħһħֵֵĸУ
Уڷħ̨󣬹ϱѵʳͽ
ŶǣǺƯ
˶³ķǿӵ֣û뵽Ȼѧ
ѧУѧڸԵУ£ߵСʦ߹ʱһСʦķд
ڲ˹ͶǱߣǾ̾ʮʦУȻʮŮףҳĶͷǸǷ·һֶصô󲿷ʦֻҪȥͻŲ۾
ڵķ˹ߣǾ̾ͷʦȻǱǿĴֿ³ķ
ȻڽĿ籭УǿӢӣ³ķҲ˽
ڽûгǰ³ķϹõ֣ǺܶϲСʦż
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ΪǴʱˣվ˹ַǰġ
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ڣ֣ûһĿⶨǸĲ˹ͶŮϣȤĴǼƥ
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һħǵļˣһֱɢһ־Ȼųпǵˣв뷨
ŭʱֻữªµͷˣԺ顣
֮ܽô˵Ŀ⣬ķ֮һѪͳͬɢžȻų
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ٽλΪ˲ʶǣλǰ͵١ħʺ˾˾
λ¬ࡤ͸ħ˶˾˾
ǽҡڼķŮʿһɲţʿǵŬС
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ʮ 汭

ԭڳǱӭѧУʱħǿԱ͸Ϳ棬ҲѾͨŵĻȱ¯˴á
ѹСʦǵ˲˵
֮⣬һҪһʮҪ¡
ͣһ£¶һ˿Цݣ
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У˹ֿ϶˵λվΪǵԺУҵͻ
෴ҶСʦȫԹΪ
˹ֽУ֮λоԼĩƺҪˡ
ǵУ˹УΪ˵һĻ򣡡
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ӽͲǻȵУһж˹մ
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ѡʿѡߣˣǿҪõһħߡ汭
˹˵꣬ħ·ѶľУľи֨֨¸µĴ򿪣¶һ̵ֻúֲܴڵľͷ߽ű
ӱһҲۣȴŵɫ档
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ϣҲʥڵϣ߽űѡΪܹѧУλʦ߽űͷԸμӾѡͬѧܽӴ
˹⽲һƵ⣬Լ侲˼Ϊһ汭ѡгΪʿô޷˳
Ȼ󲿷Сʦûнһ佻Ļϣȫе񣬶ðŻĴľ

˹յĽ󣬻ӭҲʽʼˡ
ڽҲڴʱʦЧǿһЩó˽ڼʦĴڡ
ԣڽþͳһĻ
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ȻٴλصԼλá
ǳһ뵽ʲôٴμóıʺͱظ֮ǰ
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ȴͬÿߵһֵͷȥ
ڣʦ˵ǿȻоЩԾ˵˲⣬Ȼûһ˷֣ǽԭ
˲Ȼǽʩĳħ䣬ȴҲֻЦһЦȥơ
Ľܺã˵֮ǰýڸ涼ЩħΪʱĽƺһֱɢԼĹâȻ˶ѹĹâ֮¡
淢չҲͻ͵ħһʼշЩߣȻ齨Լ
ڵĽȴǴԼĹâķϵϿκСŮħȻñ˺Լħ䡣
ڵ˲ûҰĵĴڣҲݵԭ֮һ
ŵķ˹ʵѧ鴬ķŲ˹Ͷٵѧ
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Ȼ翴ܺУȴǲʵҪѡʿȻҪи˽ܵĿռ䡣
ҲĺѧУս֮ģڻȳǱڣᱻػ͵ɡ
󣬻ȵѧҲԻصԼᣬֻ»汭߸ߵİڴõĽ̨ϣԼΧ汭棬λйͬõħ



ʮ ϣ

գ糿
ͺڴó緹ʱķִȻ½½вʦҲˡ
ƽʱҪ쵽˳緹׼뿪òŸտʼ
죬ԴΪڴõĻ汭˷ܵ˯ţĶ硣
ңǻȵʦķ˹ʺͲ˹ͶٵʦҲһĺ磬ڳ緹󣬷׷׽дԼֺѧУֽͶĻ汭С
Ͷǲû뿪Ƿֱվڻ汭࣬뿴Щʦμʿľѡ
ιѧУѧ˸𼸺ߵ
ȻҲзߵʦеȥνǿϾʷǿʻ൱˵ġ
ҲΪǶʷСʦ̫Զ˸Ƚǵģ󲿷ʵͶֽ
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룬ͷˣΪ˸õİ취
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˵
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Ϊ޶̫һ˲ڳСʦע
ͬʱõʦҲȻ
ǽ𡤿ţҲ
Ŀƽ𣿡
ҾľҲаɣ
ҾĿԣܹ漣

һ˲䣬
ѧУѧĿ˽ϣҪǩģҪύģ۰Ͱ͵ĵŽǶڴŵĴ𰸡
һֵСʦ󲿷ֶҪμǿģȻڽܲܽƱΡ
ͬʱϷ
ȫûվڶ¥۲·λʦҲʱȤ
ǵ˲ڵλкεĻУ˹ա
䲻󣬿Сǿĺãħˮƽ͸ߣҪƽֲµƣƾɲԶˡ
ǰʳͽֵķ˹У˵
ķ˹Ϊ˵Ľѧһֱ̫ãֱ³ķ֣Ϊϵͻ֣ת
ԣڿ籭ϴܿ³ķĽһøжûУʮֵᡣ



ʮһ Уĺ

ߣǿɲһҵѧɲϲ˵󻰵ˣ֮ǰ˵õ籭Ĺھ׾ٵõˣ
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ڳ˵漸ܿħʦķ磬ûгŸ涯ĽָȤ
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ŵһֻƿûãڶ͵ֻҲ׷ƿǶ
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ʵǽ𣬺ܶСʦμӾѡʸûС
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Ȼ㲻ٴ棬ҾǿӮ㣡
ûлһѩǰܣǾöԷħԼҲһıˡ
ǿĵģҪ֪ķ˹ʱԺħĺħѧУõõģ򶼿ѵõĺħš
Ȼ˷˴ħƺźǿħ֪ʶϾ꼶жʵս飿
˵ħǹƻǿħԷķʹħֻǸħѡ
Ŷдн꼶ѧʱʹػʮֻ֣ʮޡ
Կû˿ҥԣ˿ŵġ
ֻҪʦһʱ꼶СʦеЩ¡
Ҳּʱŵǿóػ䣬ȻΪûҵСǣñ޽˻ȥ
ԤԼձЩߣϲͨŶַȡ
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ѾֲԷĲԼǾԸôá
ʱܽҲ߽䣬˦ٲɫͷӯĲֱԽ³ķǰ֣
һֱûʽܣܽءܸʶ㣡
˵ʱ̧̧°ͣдЩĸ߰
Ҳʸ񽾰òǲ˹ͶħѧԺУΪԴѪͳСͱ׷
˵ףûмڼ󣬲Եġ
ÿյıţһӡ
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ȻҪС꣬ȴСӡ
ͬǳĿ³ķȻҲϧ΢Щƥ䣬һֱûлͽʶŻڽ뷿ĵһʱ䣬к



ʮ һĿ

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һöԷʲô뷨ҲǺ鷳¡
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ʱְ취Ҳôá
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Ѫϣ
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ԭҶû˯ڵȴλʿĹ
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ĿǰȽ⡣
ÿƺСʦһϿΡѧϰԷ˯Ľ
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ҪһЩ߼Ҫͽɲ͵ȼķô򵥣ǳʱ䡣
̫ãСǺܶ࣬Ҳϼꡣ
뵽һ߽ݾİ취
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һܲü꣬ʮʮ꣬пܴﵽԤڵЧ
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ԭǿĵһĿģǿ϶²εһĿҪʲô
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һĹܼ򵥣ǴһĶ棬͵ػ
ڼõʱ䡢ħȵȵȣǿı׼ɹλл֣λеķһܷ֡
͵ĹУʿûгɹɱҲκһ˻ȥæ
ûбҵʦˮƽҪսʤһֻǲܵ¡
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ǰỹǻأûзڿеʱ
ԣһĲλʿսʤҪԼǻۡħӻ͵ɹ߲ɱ
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û취ʵ涯ǲħƾܽˣȻûκѹ
ңĽָΪʱ䷨򣬿Ѿǧͷ

һһѧУվͱķǳź˷ܡ
Ϊ֪ͨͣΣѧʱÿ򳡸ĻΧιǿĵһ
ɹ˶磬ȵճ극У˹վô˽
ʱ˹ҲѾ֪˱Ŀľݣ˿Ϊеġ
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ڽΪʿ׼ſʱֻ½ļ򣬾ת뿪ˡ
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ʱɫ԰׺ܽغͿķѺõĴ˸к
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Ϊ֪һãǾͻᱻճɽ̿
ˣԽкҲûٻشֻĵ˵ͷ
ҲǺǣû⣬ֻеĸԼһ裬ĺ
ɵı֣Ҳÿ³ķܽУԶһ˿塣
ʵȲ˵ڼԻʱ˵򾲣ǲ硣
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¬ЦŽݺ󣬾еĳ񲼴
ڣҪȳһҪԵĻģͣŮʿȣ
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Ժöϲʳࡣ
ԣ³ķСĵĻֱܻӱлһ̽ӣࡣ
أ
³ķ󣬻ûȽ飬¬óͬ
ΪһѾó飬¬Ҳ֪ʣµһֻˡ
ΪΣյĻ䣡



ٰʮ ǳ

ɫƬͭɫļ̣βҲǡ
˵βɨУֻ˵ĻǱ˼̵ɨУͿֱˡ
ΪضѾȫǿ
ǿĽⲫ⣬Ļ룬ҲǳлԶģʮס
Ҫ֪лǻڵ幥ܵĿĻǿԶ㿪ġ
ĿǷΧԹǰʮڣǾͿԵűˡ
ͬʱűҪ۾Ŀһֻϡ
ҪĿܡ
ͬҲʮϲˡ
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ӲͳСģͺûһͷ亹ЦֶеĻûаƴĻģ͡
еģͣĻľСɰ
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ڣǾøոҲ˽㹻¸ңֻǸĴûӴѡ
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ٰʮһ ߵ

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ϧոڿʱѾĬĬħȣû뵽Ȼħûǰ׼ɨ㡣
ħ䣬½ˣʦܹóҲࡣ



ٰʮ ʵĲ

Щѱʦķ䶼ᣬ˵Ѷȸķ䡣
һеʦóʵǻ䣬ͨ߸ѱʦĻһлǿûǿƽ״̬
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⻹ǣ͵а
Լȴ̲סЦˡ
ǾٸߵһЩɣ
ҲΪ˹ΪѧУٴλֻ˸š
ʱƬŽӿ𣬾Ȼȫ˽ȥȻ˾вԶͷ
䣡
ǿֱӽΧ׹˹ȥ
÷֡ҿʲôȻôħĹ䡭䡭´˻ȥ
⴫ħȻƶħǷ͹ħ
¬Ľ˵ٴ
Աߵİ͵٣̲ס̫ѨΪ͵֪λȥԼĹҪӲˡ
Ȼǿ󣬵Բ˵ԼΪһʱ챻ĳˣδˡ
׹߰׺󣬾ͺܿס壬ֻЩ±ΪʲôԼﵽԼ
ʲôдǻ۵±˼ʱ䣬ָֻŽ˹ȥ
Σսܣûٷų棬ѪֱӴµϣһڽˡ
ȻӭĻǴš
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ôֻҪɵӦþͿԲµ¼󣬿ƶɭضСȽЩת˴ܲ
ΪܾõĴֶΡ
ʱܾ֣һǧתѾתõˡ
䳲ֻҪֻܾأͿ˲佫һǧˣԼܾǿСȫչ鵽¡
һǧˣֻС˵ƻܾܲعҲǶ֡
ƶɭǴӽ֪˷䳲鱨Ҫ˼ơ
ɴ˿ɼʲô鱨սöӹɵġ
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˹ٷݵĶ񶾼ƻ󣬿ƶɭҪֹͣ˹жȴֹ̧ˡ
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䳲ͨķʽˣСҲضڱƵķΧԽȻڡ
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ԼǾֵľֳԲǾԽġ
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ǣ֪ڽڼңԸոЩ϶֪

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ԭǽӿƶɭ˽⵽鱨ֳַһ˵
ϾڼķѾ˰ɯ͹˹ľٶΪ˿ԷĵȴҪ֪һ
Һܸûֱӳҵİ칫ңǣǼʲô
ῴ֣Щͷʵ



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־ҪֿƶɭǣҲ󡭡
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УһһͲ˾ˣԲһ㣬ҸոѾþֳݣ绰ϵǱˣ˵˵飬ǲҪҶ
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ֱܾܽͺܴĵ»ıܽӵĸø临Ƴô࣬ʵʵʵѾǳ
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С˹ٷݣ˵˼άûת˼ûпǵԷ˵ܡ



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ƶɭڷǳнڡ
չǰɼЩն󣬽Ըµ˾š
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ڵʵս֮ģһ£Ƚռƶе͵ĵˣٴ򲻹Ҳܵĵ
ݵ˵ºʣҲ˵ĺĴڡ
ٶ˵ķӦٶ죬еĳ˲仯һӰǰǺݺݵһ

һеĳھͷʮʱͻȻַ˳ȥҲǵɡ
غٶвٴλһӰ
ͣ
һٶ˳嵽һʱȻ˫ʧȥһ
ȻȻͱǿĹԸ˸ʺĵİ˹ȥ
ʱ򣬷䳲ȴǹЦ
ȥɣ
ԭźٶսʱ䳲ѾԼļ棬Ƶ˺
ʱĺʩչ䣬ûзӦͱ˲
ۿĿƶɭ˶ʱһҪȥæȴԱеĽ
û£
ȻȺֺ󣬲ûѪģͲҽУǻӰһʧˡ
ȫ
ʱԭλòԶһȺ棬˲䱻ڿвˡ
ڵʵս֮Ҫļɣȫһ
ԭ׼ʼս֮ǰʩչ˽𽻸İ˶֮ΣֳһȻԼʩչ˻һߡ
ոպͷ䳲սǸһֱķ
㲻ˣ˲ͬʱӵô㵽˭
źôһʱ䣬Ѿʩչ˺üֲͬ䳲ڱˡ
ܿ죬·뵽ʲôһ
֪˭ˣʦ
Եʩչĳ䣬ó⣬ȫʦĳࡣ
˵ʦˡ
ʦʦ¼ǶֻĳʱͻִԿհ׵
ǿһˣóϤʦħʱԹʦòļͻָ
ҲһֻҪתͷȥҪ˶ʦòֻԺʧ
ʱķ䳲ˣͨʹõĺʦһЩħļ˹ٷݼеʦҲǺӣԺС



 ܾع

ô˵û⣬ҵȷλʦûҵ
䳲ľһ£Ҳ˵ͷ
ûʦһڻ꼶ʦ
ϣ䳲ɫ䡣
Ҫ˵ص˹ٷΪһͨ˹ٷݼлȡϣɵ˭
ܾǸֲʦˡ
Ҫ˵ĸߣĲǺܷ
һֱûдĵĸ£ܾ־ۼǧ˺󣬲ſʼֵܾĹ
ȴû뵽ϴڻصʦȻܾ֡
˹ʮ
ȷǰŮʦ˺󣬷䳲Աһһֱû¶ܵ
ʦҪɼƻѾܣҪʦߡ
ڣιΪ˱ԭμƻڵˣ˹
˹ѵ׵ϵܣͷųǿ׵磬ԲڵκƷȫ̿ƻΪǿ
Ҳиȱ㣬ǾʱҪһʱܹҷʱҲ֣ԼֻҪڷΧжܵ޲𹥻
ҲǸոһֱû˹ֵԭ
Ϊһ˹ͷܣǵˣºͲֿЩŵǧҲᱻɱ
ֻ˹ǿܻ
Ǿûˡ
Ѿǿû⣬ôʦߣ˹ͷǿ׵ܣұ֤һɱʦ
Ͼʦսʱþ㲻ˡ
ˣ˹ͷʮԼҲ˲仯һż棬Ųֿڵͨͨ˹ȥ
ǣ
䳲˹˿ûԥһ˲䱻ǿƣӼֱ
ûоѰ¶֮ȷе˵ӦýдΪû֮£ɲͷ׵硣
ţ
ȻҪһ׵磬ȫͷųʱȴȻһȦ
ͨ
˹оһڵ׵֮˲ͷɡ
ǵͷŷ֣ԼѾֵܾҵĲֿ⣬һƬһ޼ʵĴϣǺһ㱻Ľڵĸֺ㡣
ԭۿǸ˹ļһﲻԾֱ¿˸ţ䴫͵˴С
ͬʱڳŲֿͨܵܵķ䳲Ҳһͷײ˽ǰĿռϣָ̬
գ
״ҲԹۣӳһŷӡı±
һǹǿʱ˷䳲ͷ䳲Ҫȴ嶼ûаͣĳǱ±˹ȥ
ڱ뱣±һ̣䳲Ǳġ
òӳʦħצôȴֱһСץ
ﲻ֪ΪʲôоһֱվǵС䣬ȸոպսʦҪ
ɵĲ
ӡδһʵС󣬽𳷵ռϣĺ˸Ĵָ
ȴЩ˼½ǣ
ԶոҪ֣ǸҪļһˣ
ȷǽǰ˿ռϣոշ䳲ľ˳ͨܵˡ
ȴЦЦ
ѾܺãҲǵһӦϰϰͺˡ
˵Ťͷƶɭʵ
ƶɭúʱܾ֣һʱع㿴вУ
УȻû⣬ͽСְ
ƶûϵȻĴ㣬һ£㱻һεĿϲˡ
Ȼʦ𣬿ǺȻͽħһϵոյʵҲĿãһ壬ɸɵĸķ䳲ӡ
ļ룬ǱȻֽܾжżİ
ң˶ԿСȻǽŮѡ
Ůѳܾعܾ˵Ǹͽϵ;ôܲӦ
԰׵ĺԼԼܾ֣֯һµعҲǳڴС
޶Ҫ֪һʱعҲ֪Ƕôľȡ
ΪҶʦĹͬȱðվ
ڻȻѧУУħķѹţһ磬ܶǹðվ˲١
ոҪͨƼ˽֣ԼҪܾعԾԾԡ
ǣûеȵڶ죬ץ䳲˵ĵϣڿƶɭһ·̵£ɹְΪһܾع
ʱ˹Сӣ˹ָ



 ֮

Сȴʱǰֻܾʳá
˵ţ˹Сһִеĳ
ûҲڣػ䣬Ǻܿϧˡ
飿
һ
ʱһֱִܾи񣬶ִֻʱ򣬲Ż
ÿκִĹ̽
ڽ䳲ܾǧѵˣҲǷǳͷ
ƶɭܹҪ֮ǰˡҪһЩûЩˣֻǶǵеǼǺ󣬾ͷǻȥˡ
ȻҲһʩûУÿһŻص˶ǿ׷ֻһԼܷֻܾһʱ佫ץ
󲿷˶ȽȥɹԼӣʹԼܣҲ˺ˡ
ôһתˣΪõ󣬾;Լ˸һȣӶ͵ԡ٣ɱˡ
Ĵ󲿷ǰ˹˶Ըˡ
ٲǶԸһЩҪĿֲ֯һЩѧ߰Ĺ
Ǹ񣬸ݵǼѧҲ֪ڽʲôʵ飬ȻԼ顣
ؼļѧһȥϮͨˡ
ǰȥͨع˹Щˣ޷Щ˺
Ǻػ䵲ס˼Ϯý̸ĸһ飬Ǽ
ǼõĿѧ𣿡
źϸڣĴ
飬ֳơ֮顷֮顷͡ᡷǵϹ֮һ׷ɱʱһħ顣
з򣬲Ƿʦǿѧң˹ܶԴⱾҵҪ֪ʶ
Ҳиܴȱ㣬Ǿһ򿪰飬Ķ֪ʶͻܵӰ죬Ӷ䣬ܵĿơ
Ҳǽ֪ȴһֱûмȥѰҵԭ
Ϊ֮ǰûаգȥͱ֮ħ֮⣬¿˰ܵľơ
ֲܽСۿΪʵϾΪľ磬ܹȡ޾֪ʶ
õС磬ȻҲͶˣֻûκֵİƤ飬һЩ
ڣʵ֮ǰǿ˺ܶ࣬˸ķԼĽָҲС
˵ʵܱҪ٣ǽֻǵֿľ֣Ҳܹ쵽ġ
ҪٱһЩԵȽķĲˣٳ򿪰飬ϾάħУҲǿĴڡ
ӹһ˽⵽ϣī˹кͰ֮ķûгΪάħǰùĺħ
Ҳ̫С

Ȳ鵽ЩˣǳɼһҽԺǱϹȥ
ڽͺԷһʱܾսµ˹Ѹ˹
õģ˹
еĲӣһԭϵȹ˺˹һĺɫ¡
ʱҲվ
ǲȥˣ½ɣ
˹Զʱһ㶣ʱ䣬һֱûиæ˵ֱҪ
Ȼ
ЦЦ͵
Ҵ֪ȺѧұĶʲôǶǻͦΣյģȽϰȫ
һ񣬽Ȼ£Ժ˹˵ʵ¡
һºϣ͵Ǹ÷ַΣգԷųǿķֱİȫ
ҲܵһʱӦȥæ
βһһǸ㶨õ飬һСĴˣǾҲһֹľ֡
ԣûԼԹȥҲԽǱյС
ȻǱҲֻͶڵһЧʵһͨľ磬ȡ֪ʶ
ĺõĻ˵˲ȡ֪ʶӶýָķƵٷ֮ʮϣȻʵ
Ȼû⣡
˹һ£ǵ˵ͷ
Ȼ˵Σգǿ϶ΣգЩ˺ħЧ⣬ǻﲻʲôæҲá
ҽԺϸַ߽𣬿Žԭʧ˹Ժ˵
ûǼϰɣ
⡣
۾һ
ȳǱʹħ˻ᱻ۷֣ѧ˸´˿ŵȺСͿǺÿˡ



 ʿޱ

ɼҽԺĲڣһɪĲڷĴţĿŤ·𿴵ʲôֲĳ
ҽͻʿŬİѹֹ֫ԲС
ʱһȦȻ˷ڣһİӴӻȦп˹ڳҽͻʿһ㶡
λȥһ£
ЦЦһӣһǿľʱ
˲䣬еҽͻʿ·˿һ㣬ʵʵŶ뿪˲λɪĲҲֹͣԼԲеΪ
ߵɪǰְԴϣ૵
ԭ
ԭʧˡ
˲ǱˣǴܾܲĽ
Ȼ֪ɼʲôطȴҪͨλɪ˻á
ոɪԼűʳ˰ص㣬Ϊ˷ֹ˵õϢֱɱ֡
ħĽǶǱʩչ˻ڿѧĽǶϱǷŴеʱ޿̶ῴֲĳԼԼ
ڽ˵Сƣ΢þһ£Ϳκá
κɪ򣬴ɪļҵذĵصֱӻӰ˹ȥ
˱Ҫ絽ˣ
ɼһ俴ʮϾɵķǰֺ㿴һðŻͷһŮĲӣ
ңҵ굽ô£ΪʲôҪӶڰɱҺ͵ܵܣ
ǲҪɱǣֻҪɱľ˾֪˰ܣҪõ飬ҪΪϵֻۣҪֹ
һ꣬Һɷɪ򾭹˶ѰңϷӵĵҵ˴˵еİ顣
ͨѧϰ֪ʶ̬еκζ
𲻵ò̾ѧħϹȻͬģ̨̬漰ķԭʵıһġ
ֻһÿѧ˳һħ˳
ʵ϶Уֻ֮ת̨̬ǼȡõԼڵħ
Ǻ±ľ˾ˣҪõ飬ҪԶ̻ԼϣΪϵۡ
ΪԱŹӶڰɱû뵽ȴɱĵܵܡ
ûѵʱзǣȫתӣɪֲˣΪ˱ʰ䡣
ֻҪðԭӣͷŹҰɣ
аŮ飬˿ûɢǿĵ棬˲佫Ůճ˻ҽ
ɿˡ
ŮͷתֺһֱվǿϷĽ
˭Ȱ㲻Ҫ֣
˵꣬㳯Լ1969ſĵ漡⳵˹ȥ
ȻȴһӰм䣺
ʿеǱ£ұ㲻¡
ǵģ𿴵ðúԱŵʱѾ֪ǰһǵĴʿޱȡҮ˹
ޱҪԼеİ飬ֳԼŵ
˼ȻҲⱾ㣬ͬ⣬ҪⱾͻذ磡
磬ī˹ж԰ҲȤ
¶һ˿Ȼ
ī˹ûгΪǰùȻڼħ֪ʶİȤ
ΪάħȻǿ󣬵Ӱ컹ûģڵԼĵ̡
ʵͺͽҪõ飬Ȼָľ֣ȡ֪ʶǴ̡ͬ
ֻǣڵԳֶȡ顣
ī˹ȴΪһͿ̩ػҳڵֻܿĴ˶ʿ
Ǿʱһ£
һ̧˲ڵĴʿǰȻһƴؿϡһװ꣬㱻һƴޱȵڴ˳
ޱҲָģ
ʿǸ֮ϣȻֲ˵ī˹еԻϿ˵ǲĴڡ
ǽֶڶ࣬Ҳû취ɱҲǿýӡڵ緹
һЩ̫ī˹ˡ
Ȼī˹ز򣬵ǩԼĶʿɲֻڵޱȣĶʿһֱţֻǴ಻ô¶ˡ
ǿǿᡤ󣬻֮۵ı̬ڵĸ֮Ԫضħ̹ŵ˹ɡ



 ī˹

Ҫ֪Ԫضħ̹ŵ˹ǿʱ򣬿ɲī˹١
ʱЩʿҲͦ鷳ġ
ԣֻʱޱڵĸ֮ȥ޷Լ
Լڵĸ֮飬Ȼһоǿ⣬ޱ۾ʱһ
԰ҽԼ
Ȼʿ󣬿Իǿ԰𣬵ǲʾԸһԶʿݻȥ
ÿαʿʱѪͻᱻȼմһΣʹ༴ʹѾϰˣܲپȻҲǺ¡
һ⣬ÿαʿͻ᲻ܿƣǿҵҪɱˣҪɱЩ֮жˣǵ͵
Ǹˣɱħÿ춼Ҫɱ˵ӣɲûô֡
ԣܽԼˣǳԸ⡣
УԼǺ͵ī˹ǩģֻʱȥһʱ䣬ܰԼ
ԸеǱ齻ңҿһƿħҩܵܵ˫Ȼָ
ҡҡͷóһƿԶ֫ħҩ
ޱȺī˹ǩԼҪûôףּ˵£϶Ϊûʲôϵ˸ɡ
ʲô˵üӲȻָ
ĻޱҲܽԼ£ǽĿεĶ˽еħҩϡ
˵˭ԼĸҪǿܾΪĵܵˡ
Ϊž˾˵ĳŵܵȥμӺŻᵼ±ڰ׷ɱȻī˹ǩԼΪʿԸ
ĵܵȴĲм
ԣĵָܻܵԶΪʿҲԸģ˵һˡ
ƾʲô㣿
ƾڿǿȴҪ㽻ףƾҾʦ
˵
仹һĹܣǾֻҪ׿˵Լʦʱô˼ʦӣͻӡ
ȹһּŻὥʧ
ˣޱȵԼʦʱޱȼʦӣǰĽ
ȷʦݣŻȻѹֶԷôɵľԼڵĸ֮飬ѹֶԷ˫Ȼָħҩ
ʱ޻ɣеİ֮ʮָɴĵݸ˽Ȼһ˵ƿܵܵħҩħҩ
죡
õ֮ҲûͣãһӰԭʧˡ
ȽʧǱȥȻԭصĸ֮飬»ָٴγޱȵڡ
飬ī˹ؿɲˣ
̫֮õ˵
ޱȴ⣺
ҺǩԼֻɱЩˣǵ͸һҪõ飬ȻԸְӲָֻԼķʽˡ
ʿĵȻԴں͵ī˹صԼǿɲʾī˹ؾͿȫʿκ¡

ͬʱάȡ
ۼ֮ߴĵī˹أջԼͶ䵽븴֮鹵ͨľ¶аҼթ顣
һʲôˣȻԻħΪʲôǰûмάɽۺλʦΪʲôڵ
ֵļһ
ػʦԼʦǿϹ֮άɽۣҲұֱӽٵ
뿪ԼĵλʵʱһάħռάȣǿɾͲˡ
ԼթɲǸɵߴİ֮ķʲô¶ֻӲգÿζʦҪذά֪ͨ
˵ܴùʦܴĹλһάɽ
άɽۿϵλɣʵɲһǿʱöķһﶨȻںϰάȺӻˣȻôɵ
Ͳһˣ֮ͨǩԼƹʦάɽƶķǿĶʿΪ
ʿȻеȻ࣬ʦάɽҲΪǡ
Ҷʿеı֮ˡ
ЩǽŶʿ֣֮˲꣬ǿԼ
ԼżҲᾫͶӰ磬Ϊ˷ֹάɽۺʦ֣ÿζͶӰͽϣȻαװͨࡣ
Ҳ£ǹ۲ķչ˽ǵԡ
ԣʦڣȻҲ֪ġ
ǰʵ̫עʦʦЩӢһһĴڣʲô
ֱϴʦΪǿĶħŵһע



 Ӽ

ԴϹʱڸ֮ͼķɱ˴ħҴĶħϺµĶħǿɶǿָͷĹġ
ÿһī˹ʶ
ʦǸħûм
Ȼʵ˵㣬ʱĵȷȷܸܵԷǶڶħ
ͺˡ
ڶԷʵ˵ԷǸյ͵¶ħڶԷȻĵڵֳԭʦάɽ۾Ȼûг֡
ҲΪЩֵĵطʱûóȻȥӴԷѡȹ
һΣԷȻԭҪֵİ飬Щʹˡ
˵ֻǸʹû֣ҲȥѰԷ֪ҪĶȥƺЩˡ
ҲҸʱӴһһ
һβģλԪضħ̹ŵ˹
³ܲңǱڵԭʼ֮鼯Աˡ
ȻܵԼͽıѣ͵Ϯɱһĸ֮飬ǩԼһӵĴС
лĻܹλܹڵжĶħ
˵ԷʵǿҲǺԱȣڵϣֻҪʦάɽ۲֣ӦѾûλĶħĶ֡

ʵάɽ۵Сһã
ֺܾŵֵİ飬û򿪣ʱȷԼĽָ硣
ĿǰʵȲСķٶҲûҪðմ򿪰顣
ٵȵȣʮɰٴ򿪣һЩ
𰵺󣬽ѵңҵں˹ϰⲫĺ˳㽫µ˹һ¡
Ѿһ䣬ֻҪܾعȥݻǸʵҾͿˡ
ʱһתСȴһ졣
ŦԼʺıڡ
ɯʹһΪ˵ı¶Ľɫ
ıϰѾʹԼܣҲٶԼܸе¡
ƽʱֳ񡢴ӡˡ֣ϰ࣬һİֲͬĸܡ
ҲǰɯĽԭѧϰħпûħܹ
Ҳõļͥҵѧϰɼˡ
ְ֣ôˣ㿴ƺǺ
ſɳϵĹ˹¶һ˿졣
˵ƽʱڷŵħҩ˹Ӧñ׳廹ҪòŶԣô𷴵Щˡ
˹ƳһǱ߷ֳıС˵
û£ЩۣȻͺˡ
ԶʱȻһºӿڴͳһƿӣȻݸ˹˹
˹Щӹˮƿĺɫҩɻ
ʲô
ʵ֮ǰзһҩǿ壬ǡ
һ䡣
˹۾һ֪ȻϴģƺΪɼ̫ɫѾһʵҲзû뵽Ȼзֺö
ȿȣҾˡ
ˮƿŽڴ˹Ҳͳһ׼õݸ˽
ҪȥѧУˣǸĹҪעⰲȫ㲻˼ȥ򣬰ְǰ׼ˡ
˵꣬˹գգۡ
Ϊˣ֪һǻ鲻Խ֮ʱǸʱǡǡǲôǵģǰ׼ֲȥ򣬰ȫȻ⡣
Щ벻Ϊ׿ɲ벻
һ˹̬ҲЩ²⣬濴һۣ
Ϊϱգһס
ͽţװֹ
޵޵Ҹ
͸һҸ

СЩϵĹʣǲ˳顣
˹ЩⲻΪʲôҪôУô಻ͬӵġ
ıȽ϶ֻ࣬һС֡
˹Ľļͷ˿컨塣
ְ֣˸ʲôôһ
Ǳߣڿӵİɯ߹˹ͽֹЩŤͷʵ
˹æ֣
ûʲôûʲôһЩƷѧУҾ͸ǰˡ
Ŷ
ɯ¶һ˿ɣܸо˹û˵ʵ
һ³ǲ͵͵ȥ
İɯûѡ񵱳ҴŤͷ˵ӡ
¥ӽ䣬Ҳװǲӡ
ֱ磬ȥæʱ¥˽ķ䣬Ȼ͵͵
ĶС˲ͨ졣
û뵽ʦʶô̵ʱ䣬Ѿչֵز



һʮ ʱ䵹

׼𣿡
źʵ
ٴδˮЬĺ˵ͷ
ãǻȥ
壬˽Сİť
һתܵĻֱ˻ȳǱǲŮ֮ܶ
ܶｻһԶСʦһ̾
֪Ϊʲôôˣ
֮ǰÿһʱͷֽһӳ˺ö࣬һֱΪǷȽϿ졣
ھСĴڽһʱ䣬뿪Ǹ㣬ףǽĿ죬иʱɳ
˵ʵڶˣ
Žһİԡ
һ£ȻЦ
Ҳû϶Ͷˡ
ߣһֱΪǽ㣬û뵽ȻҴ󡣡
ƲƲ죬Ǿʮգ˵ͬʦģʮ죬ھһǰӦñȽһ꼶ˡ
԰ѧУһСʦ䣬ʵ꼶ġ
˶ĵܵܺãҲˡ
ǣԴС磬ʵϣͿ϶ôһ˵
ȥɣ
ųǱĵƹ⣬ȽӦŴõɱ˹ȥ
Сʦ˵ܶϢ飬ǿѾʥһµʱ䡣
㣬Сˤ
ŴˮЬȹڣ˷ܵǱȥĺЩεѵ
˵ףٳ죬ҲǸഺʱڵʮ껨Ů
ٴʱļλںѧѾ֮ǰ뿪ʱôӡ
ҡҲʮ滺Բ
Ž룬ͷ׵ħƹ£ĿŵĻȡ
ͷβһֱû뿪λص˹գеĽͺһ±еķ۾ƣ˻С
꣬ôѪͳôԺħʹ͸ҶʦܺúദҲͲ뿪ϲϲǸԴˡ
⼸Žͺһ·˳һδûз˼ԼķµĴ
Сʶ÷Ȼ󱻷ֵѧԺȥЩͷһѧԺʲô
˹ֺ͸Ҷ౾вٿһϣͺһǸȰѧϰʦԸ˿һڿʱѧϰһʱԿԳͲء
ͺ˳˯˲һĿΣӰ롣
ϧһж̫һжѾˣҲѾ뿪硣
˹ҪһֱڹȥıУʮ꣬ǻʷУкܶŮϲ㣬ʱҲԼһᣬҲһᡣ
ʱһӰ˹Աߣһ֧ϢǰУ˲ࡣ
ŴʥῪʼڣһֱû볡˹գҲ̾˿
ΪħҩѧʦڵĻУ˹ʦλͣҲһֱŮϲ
ֻȴΪ˹Լȫˡ
˲ϣ˹տҵµİ£⿪ĽᣬΪ˹ЩĹϵ
Ϊ˹ҵµİ£¿ʼһθ飬ԸϵȱݾͿֲܹõʤλУְλ
Ȼ˹ջһҡҡͷһ̣ѾˣҲݲκˡ
һߣͺԱϢĽ䶯˶
ո˹պ͵˲ĶԻΪˣҲȫˡ
Ҳʱóʱ˹սһˣ
Ϊħѧϰ·ϣ˹սڣǲϣ˲¶ϣʵĲǺܴ
ǰȻûа취
ڣͨ編⣬Щ֮ǰ£Ҳδزˡ
ʮһ㣬ʥʽСʦԷԼᡣ
ͺҲ⡣
ڽͺظҶ󣬲ûСʦһٵĽ˯ߣһӰγڳǱ⣬ȻΥóʱת
ʱ䣬
ʱתʱ֮ɳټڽʱ䷨գʼȵĵתʱ䡣
һ죬ٶʱ䵹ˡ
ʱǾѾ£;Բı䣬˹޷ı䡣
ΪʱķԼҲǲЩֽš
Ҫ˹¸Ҳղķأ˹գҲԹƽ
ֻҪ˹һᣬһ¿ʼĻᡣ



һʮһ ¡ĵ

1971꣬71ţȳǱĽС
ֹͣʩչʱ䵹΢΢˿
һӵ˶ʮʱ䣬ֲӰ쵽ʱ䷨ת˵ôһЩѶȵġ
ڣڿǳɹˡ
ʱ䣬˹սںӦö֩βǱߣҶûյȵѧ֪ͨɡ
һ䣬ȻһӰԭʧ
ٴγʱѾ֩βϷ
èͷӥ
һתýħ仯һֻèͷӥȻèͷӥλ츳˹ڵķ˹ȥ
ɹ֩βܿһŸߴµĲݵϣҵһͷɫͷС
ʱڲݵϣ״ɫ۾ɫգԱһСʮ־µкʵ
˹˵һյ˵Ǹȵ¼ȡ֪ͨ𣿡
ģһģ
кסŮ֣ᶨĻص
ȻǸϣСҲ˺ֵܶ£пҲʦѪ
ϣܺһ˹֣
Ц
кɫЩ죺
Ϊʲô㲻ǾøҶ𣿡
Ϊ˹ϲ˹֣ܱ¼ȡҪһѧԺ
кʮָɴĻص
кĻش϶ʱ¶˿ĵЦݡ
Сʱ˹̿ͦɰġ
ʱèͷӥϵĽһ۾ϳԱǸµкСʱ˹սڡ
Щϧˣ
Ծ໥ϲˣ𲻽̾ѧ˹ղôƫ˵ھûղķʲôˡ
ûм͵˵̸һһȥ
ϣҵͷ
ں˹ţδһڻѧϰħãԼ̽Ż¼ȡ֪ͨĿɰèͷӥʲôʱ
ȴȻоһۣȻͿһֻɫèͷӥŴͷӲקµһͷˡ
˹ҾèͷӥƺҲôɰ
ȵèͷӥ϶ӦûòһЩӦðɡ
С˹տͷԹĶֻߵèͷӥЩ֪Ļص

СС˹ռУ»ָΣǸСͷ뵽˽ָ硣
ȿʵоģ֪ͨŮɼῪʵҵĿء𽫴СͷϰµǸͷŽħҡС
ҡԺײʿ׼һֿ޸崴˵Ƚ´ҡ˻ӵ塣
ڰȿʵ̨ԺײʿҡĻϣֽõǿƼԼħ켼
̨ԭͼܵشֻʣʱԽ̨һµʹá
ڣǺܼ򵥵ĴĻ̨һһģһĿ¡塣
ҡĿأҩΪƶħҩһӵħҡ
һӵʱ䣬ħҩУ͸ֳһСһģһ塣
ʱֻҪ򿪼ťҡСͻѣӵźСһԸΪϰߣֻûСļ䡣
ԣ˵Ҳ˵
Ϊеһµ꣬Ҫ˵Ļ԰Ǻ򳤵һģһ˫̥á
ϣ˹δиµĿʼȥ򸴻Ϊʹ򰮵Ҳ˹նղķ
˹նĳ飬ٰһˣǾǷǳѻ˵̫ܵ¡
˺򳤵һģһźƵԸΪϰߣֿԾͻᱻ޷Ŵ
ȻֻһǲеģֻһûκμĿ¡ˣܽ¡Сصδ硣
Сʱ䷨߻ɴҲ
Ҫ͸˹սڵģһѪԼ˼ˣֻһĳֹ轺Ʒġˡ
ˣҪһ˼ܴҪЧ
¡СѾɣʼĴУԼǰƺõļذʾ
ļûʲô۵ĶȫһЩʶԵ֪ʶһЩħҩѧ֪ʶ
¡СѺ󣬳ûʮһļ⣬ʮһСûʲô
Щż¡Сµ꣬Ȼһ׺ʵ·뿪˽ָ硣
ٴγ֩βﲻԶУŻԵĿ¡һӰ뿪ӢŦԼĻʺ



һʮ ʱķ

ŦԼʺ֡
ִڻľԼ˹أԼľͣھԺ׼°࣬ͻȻԺӵĲƺϣ֪ʱȻһʮҵСŮ
Сѣѣðģأ
ŮԼҡѣ¶һãɫ
Լ͵
Сѣʲô֣Ϊʲôǲ·ˣסȥ
ҡҺ򣬾壬Ҳ֪ΪʲôҲǵüǵҵļˡ
ۣǰľ죬ŬԺеļ䣬˼ǵԼ򣬽ʮһ⣬ʲôǵˡ
Լһ£Ȼº͵
ûϵȽȥϢһ£Щ䣬ҵļˡ
Լ߽˾֡
ºԼңԼЩŵĶϵ˵
Ǹǲм¼ûҵļˣԸĻҺҪǵŮ
ԴԼھּʧŮΪһʱ޷ҵļˣͽ˼ʱչˡ
Ҫҵĸĸٽͻء
κΣ˰µʱ䣬ȡ˾ָеļأûҵκκۼʧСŮǴϵһ
򽫻ᱻ͵һʵļͥΪµദԼԹɡµ˸顣
ټΪԭûа취Ǿãܾϵ۸ŮǾҪʽΪԼŮֲǵź
ЩŵԼ򸾣ûж룬͵ͷͬˡ
һۼ˾Լǰļ䶼ǿհףʱԼҲܺãȻԸһԸĸ
ڵڶ죬Լ򸾾ʹȫ
ʱֹ˰£ڼɨһֻèͷӥͻȻ˼̨ϣȻһžͷˡ
ЩļǷš
ŷ⺱Ƥֽɣдţ
ŦԼУʺֶߺţ򡤸˹Сա
дҵģ
ϵռ˾ȻԼ϶ʱ¶ɻɫ
ĸھӣɲʶκһˡ
ŷתһĿǰֱܷһǵˮߣһֵֻһֻȵèһؾ
˺ŷ⣬ʼĶżݣ
ħħѧУУء
װ򡤸˹С㣺
֪ͨѻ׼ħħѧУͶŸ鼮װһ
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У
ݶ˽ϡ
裬裬յһֻèͷӥţһħѧУҪ¼ȡң
ΪյһħѧУѧŸеʱҷϿյĽҲĵ˵ͷ
ôĹɴˣ޸ʱ䷨ˡ
˿¡򣬲͵ħѧУΪɳɳΪһࡣ
δ˹Ȼ˹򡤸˹أȴһԼк;Ůס
Ϊ˷ֹ򡤸˹ڼ˹֮ǰϱˣԺﰵʾ
һﰵʾʮǰκ̸ڶҪʮʱյضϢŻᱻ
ȻЩڽ˵ûʲôѶȣѶȴƾڶʮǰһˣʱ䷨δʲôӰ졣
Ҫ֪һȶЧӦпһ籩
˵ǻļһ˽ȥ
Ȼ˵ǼӢһܶɼӰ졣
ʱ䷨ʷǲı䣬һķ˸ı䣬ҲһЩȽԵĺǿķɡ
￴иʦԼʱħŷǳо
ʱǿиıһЩ飬²һϵеӦеĪʧ˵Ī֣ʦҲʱֱָΪǿķɶʧˡ
С編̶ȣԽַɽͣǿʵ׿΢ನ
ʵķԽӣȻ򵥲ʱķ򣬿ǿΪֶһЩЧӦ
ȻĹ켣֮ǰȥ
еĹ̷ǳӣԭûڣԼ򸾻һӣΪ֣ǸӾͻᱻ
һʷͲ˸ı䡣



һʮ Ķʮ

ľǣ編翪ʼԶԭֻһԼ򸾣Ϊǵһ˻᲻¶һӡ
ǸӾԭԼĺӡ
浫ΪĺЧӦɺϵķʽõ
Ľǣȵʮ˶򡤸˹Ůףһжûзκεĸı䡣
򡤸˹غ˹սܲһǾҪԼˡ
ģֻǸ˹ôһ¿ʼĻᣬǿħŤ˵˼룬మ
ҲûҪô󹦷صȥֱִҸŮףħǿн˾ǡ
ˣûصԭʱˡ
Ϊ򡤸˹سֲкЧӦٴνʱ֮ɳʱħԼʱع
19941226գŦԼʺ
淿ʮ򡤸˹أűֽƸϢӣ֪ʮ꣬ûгʲôƫǻӰΣ˻ȳǱ

ҽ򡤸˹أʮһ꣬ûʮһ֮ǰļ䡣
ڣұһԺĵķˣǶҺܺãҲϲǡ
һ죬ڼҰɨ䣬ȻյһħѧУ¼ȡ֪ͨ飬ҺͰְ趼š
ֱڶһλʦֳħǲ֪ԭһжġ
ڸպĸദ˲һµʱ䣬ͿԼħó̡
ҵħѧУħħѧУ17ͣλݵĸɽɽοȥһ޴ĳǱ
ѧУͬѧ˵ĿǰΨһһ鼦ʦϻﴴħѧУҲǹΪнΰħѧУ
ȻûӢһȵħѧУʷƾãҲԼɫ
Ŷ鼦ǿָ֪ܲѧϰħͨˣʦĸһ˵ĳƺ
һ죬ұĸų͵˵ļϵص㣬Ů·
ȻָŮһ޴С
ѾۼһҪȥħĺӣǵʦҳ
֮⣬ܿŴƥŵɫ
Աָҽһ꼶ɫС
ĳǳ棬ˣĿռȴȷӻ󣬶ѾʮСʦ
ʮһ㣬׼ʱſ𣬳ħħѧУ˹ȥ
ҺСʦһ˷ܵſڳĴϣƮĴƶ䡣
㣬ɽһǱǰ
Һеһ꼶ɫݮɫУȻʦŽ˳ǱԲδС
ĸ޴ľƵ񣬰ոոＸʦͥСʦ˵ģǴĸѧУѧԺ
ǻ۵ĳˮѧԺèѧԺѧԺĵտѧԺ
ҪзԺʽ
ÿһҪ½߹ˮߵͷˮ˵㱻ˮѧԺѡС
è񷢳˻ʾ㱻èѧԺѡС
ʾ㱻ѧԺѡС
տеĹʾ㱻տѧԺѡС
ͬʱ˷ӦôͿԸԼϲѡһѧԺ롣
ȽټһͬʱʮųһͬʱʷҲֹֻһ
ȡƤ˿𣬺Ϊħϯ
ոոǼͬѧ˵ˮѧԺƫѧߣèѧԺƫߣѧԺƫðռңտƫҽߣҲ֪һᱻĸѧԺ¼ȡ
һͬѧǰѧԺѡУҵҲ
ڣұе֣Щĵȥ
¶ˮߵʱĶͷ
·èʱ˻
·ʱչ˳
·տʱ˹
ңĸѧԺͬʱѡ¼ȡΪʷϵڶĸѧԺ¼ȡѧ
ûȡƤ˿ѡǻ۵ĳˮѧԺѡѧԺΪҾϲðա
ʵèѧԺҲѧԺһЩ
ҿʼΪħѧϰġ
ҺϲħҲ֪ΪʲôҶħҩóܶʱһЩħҩ֪ʶʦͨ
ڼвʦҪ׷ңҶܾˣΪ֪ΪΣҵȴǾһûе̸ʱҪٵȵȡ
ȫУһĳɼҵܾħְ룬ʼó̡
ڸ˼ĵطռϡеĲҩȻоָ߼ħҩС
ûȥӢΪ˵սдʦǺܰȫ



һʮ ˹յĶ˲

ʮʱ䣬α󲿷ֹңо˺ܶ߼ħҩҸоԼħҩˮƽѾﵽ˴ʦˮ׼
ǣ»صȻħֿԼһħҩꡪ˹ħҩꡣ
Ҹ߳ħҩַħҩһֱǳħҲСҲ׬˲ٽ¡
ֹ꣬ʮˣҿʼ˿ħҩ£Ҫһ²һ֮ǰֲҪ̸Ҫ뷨Ҳʧˡ
һ꣬ͨħֽ˹ڻ汭شţ˻ȵУ˲ݣһ˹˹յĽµУ
Ȼ䣬ҶʷΪƾõĻħѧУŨȤ
һʥڸչ꣬ĸļйۿèͷӥħֽʱһƸϢ
Ƹħҩνڣ߿ʥںѧУԡУ˹˹գ
ƸϢ˲䣬֪ΪΣҵӿֳһǿҵҪȥӦƸ뷨
뷨˵ǿңҵҵĵ̣ȻħǼʹԿףӢ׶ء
ڶԽƸưɶһ䷿öԽèͷӥʾֵèͷӥȵУ˹գȥһҵļ
ϰ˵㣬һֻèͷӥ˹УĻš
˹Уҵļ⣬һǰȣῪƸưͨǱķ·
˼ԣֻҪû⣬ôҾǻȽħҩѧˡ
ֽҷǳ⣬ҵҽҪˡ
ΪһħѧУħҩνڣȻħҩѧţȿ׬ȡ¡гɾ͸С
ܲͨԣҶԼħҩʵġ
ڶԽסһڶһ緹ұȲƸưɵı¯˱ħصĻħѧУ

19941227գʥڽĵڶ졣
˹ճ緹ľУ칫ҡ
Դӵ˻Уͷ۵£ڿܵõ˽
ĿǿнڣѾ˶֣˿ȥġ
ͷУ˭ħҩѧڵλá
ΪħҩѧĶʦ˹նħҩѧڵѡǷǳϸģħҩĹ̾
ĿǰƸϢԵʦٷ֮ʮﶼǹʺͲ֮ΪȵħҩѧĽڡ
Щ˵ħҩѧڣֱӵܣƻΰħҩ
˲൹ƼһˣǾĻħҩѧڣҲ˹Ժħҩѧʦ˹˹
λʮħҩѧʦȴر⡣
ǲħҩѧʵʵ̫ˣ֪ˣЩĽٺ
ȻҲʵģʱֻȥλѾݵħҩѧʦ
յ˲˵ֻҪ˵ԳΪͽħҩѧʦ˹һͬٻصȽѧꡣ
иʱ䣬ȥѰʵħҩѧڡ
ڣȥݷû˹ʱһµְűèͷӥ˹
ǣְʦȻӢħ磬
ְʦ򡤸˹أֺһҲû룬̫ˡ
ʮ꣬ͬ꣬ҵħħѧУŦԼħֿһҽ˹صħҩꡣ
ħҩƺħ绹ͦġ
вħ磬õĹħҩ˹վʵĻȷʸλȵħҩѧڡ
Լһ
ΪħҩѧĴʦԷûʵѧֻҪһȻжϳ
ŵ㣬У칫ҵı¯һɫĻ˹֪ӦƸλŮˡ
ȻɫĻһλݮɫ£ʦñŮʿŸӱ¯˳
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˹ǰʺţȻı鿴һģûʲô顣
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򣡡
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ˣڿ϶ħһħԷɣɶȴǻȵУ
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˹У̫ʣ
ɫ΢˹գϧ˹ձ̫ûƿ
˵ʵʮ꣬ͻȻ§ڻ˵Ҳֺ顣



һʮ ľ괺

˼˹Ůʿҡոʧ̬ˣ
У칫ңһʮεĳĬһʮǿ˹սڣЩͰ͵ĳŶǸ򳤵ʮƵŮױǸ
ʱ˹յģνʮֵΡ
ŵһμŮ׾һʹޣ侲ŷԼ̫Ūˡ
Ҳܹ˭ǰŮףȻ򳤵ôƣôܲʧء
ûϵҲѾˣΪҺȥĺѳķǳԲϴˣҲ⣬⡣
򡤸˹ЦЦص
Ĳر⣬Ͼλ˹У˱ʹ⣬ȷʲôҲûиɡ
˵ʵƸưʦ˵˹УǸദˣĻЩ
û뵽ʵϵ˹УȻôĸԡ
ոĿĸܵ˹УλѾȥˣַĵǿҸ顣
Ķһĳ
ʱ룬ôһˣʮ꣬ôǿҵĸ飬ǿһʮ˵¡
ŮԵĽǶȶԣͦ˹͵ˡ
ǡǾͺá
˹΢˿Ȼ̲ס̧ͷĿ˶ĸ˹ء
̫ˣֱ̫ˣôܳô񣡡
ȻѾȷλ˹ŮʿѾȥʮ򡣵˹ܻ̲סȥֻΪԷ򳤵ʵ̫ˡ
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ƣͷ۾ɫߣȥһģһ
ȻϸĻҲǲҳ
ȣ˹غƤЩ𣬸˹صƤƫڽСɫƺ̫ɹƤԵñȽϰס
Σ˹ϱӡеҪԵøӵĳ죬ҲҪһЩǾ˶¡
󣬾ǿ棬׶ǻӢ˹Ƿǳ׼ŦԼ
ʵ˹ղ֪ʮǰˣȷһģһΪ򡤸˹ؾǽ˹Ļ¡ġ
֮˲ͬڵ˲С
˹Ͷȣҵͼ޸ղķСΪӺĸףΪ˱˷ħС
򡤸˹ؾͶħᣬҵ磬û˼ɭֲɼħҩĲҩƤŻһЩĲŻһЩ
ڵ򡤸˹34꣬ʱ˹ռе˹Ƕʮ꣬Ÿոճꡣ
ڵԸϣΪͬȻҲкܴ
˹ʱճУţӵ壬򡤸˹أι磬Ҳ⣬˺ܶ࣬˼ϻӵĳ졣
ˣ˱һֱûиı⣬򡤸˹غ˹ʵѾͬһˡ
˵УǲǿԿʼ
˹ؿŶ˹УֶԼ˴ЩЦѵ
˹һҵջ
ԶԶԣ̸һħҩνڵĴ⣬úʵĻͿڳǱס¡
У㲻Ҫһҵħҩѧ֪ʶ
˹յĻ˹һ㶣ôûʼͽ׶ˡ
˹һ죬Ͻص
ҿ˸˹ŮʿļʵҪˡ
ʵϣڶԷû֮ǰѾ׼ʮѶȵħҩѧ⣬ҪԶԷǲͽ
Ǹող֪ΪΣʶľѾ¸һɶˡ
ܲܶԷǲ㹻ʵϣԷڻȡ
˹һЦ
û뵽УôҵʵҸеҡ
ʱĸ˹ؿŶ˹գȻо˿жʮУȻ͸żֿɰ
Ǹ˹Ůʿ˼
˹в͸¶һ˿ڴ
˹е俩Ц
Ȼû⣬УҶѾ䶼ˣĻһҪ鷳ȥһᣬҶﻹϤ
ӦõģӦõġ
˹ȷĴ𰸣˹˵͸һӵĿġ

Ϸ
˹մŸ˹һĽ̸󣬴뿪У칫ңǰʦʱһӰӰ칫¶˳
ͬһ͹ȴһֱһ͵Ľ
ô󹦷ȻҪô
ڣӸոյ˵ĵһμȻһЩС⣬廹ǲġ
͸ոյϸ۲죬ø˹ض˹սڵĹ۸ӦǻУ˹սڶڸ˹صֺøУǱֵĺԡ



һʮ бĺ

֪˹սڶڸ˹صĺøУҪԴڸ˹غͬòľϲ˹أ˹ս˻
ڿ϶
˳淢չ˹սľкܴܻ괺İϸ˹ء
Ϊã˹ս֮ЩһֱһֱԸµĸ飬Ϊȵı˹սԼԼĸˡ
˹սڲǺͱദܲµĸ飬ǸͲԸȥԼģȥӴŮԡ
Ǹ˹򳤵һģһŮ׳֣Ѿ˹սڷյģ߳˵һ
ֻҪ˹սԸ⽫´򿪣ȥ͸˹ദͻֺᷢܶãᵽ
ټ˶ħҩѧзǳ裬йͬĻ⡣
գߵһô˹սڰ˾Ѿ˹򡤸˹ء
ĽǽҪĽ
ڣֻܿԼˣҲֻܰ㵽ˣ
һ̾󣬽Ӱ뿪У칫ҡ
ӦҪȥĪ£ҲҪˡ

ʥڿѧǰһ죬ͼݡ
ͺһеĿħ飬һһûһ죬ʮֵ⡣
˵Ķ棬ëʷܱʼĹ޶
û취ʥڼ̫ˣѧƵҵû
ǼǰǰһЩ㲻˯ҲϿǰеҵ
˵Ϊʲôͬ棬Ǿôɣ
޶ʱеëʣѾ󣬿ĽͺһԹ֮ɫ
ʥڵļڣҲûͺдҵȥĪʱ򣬽ͺҲһȥˣȥǺȲʱͺͬڡ
ץĲͥҵʱȴôС
ǷżǰͰҵˣȻҵҪ缸ͿʼҵҲôĴæ
޶ļʣʮֲڿһ䡣
һԵĽʼ磬޶һͬ
޶㵽ڻ֮вģ仨ʱ䱧ԹϽҵȻɾͲˣ
еëʣһºֵ޶ļ
ѧԱǲŰ𣬽궼꣬޶ô伵ʲʵʵġ
˵һ޶Ťͷͺ¶˳ŴЦݣ
ѧ˹Уµħҩҵ̫ˣܲܰдõҵǲοһ£
ԡǵȷҪһЩο
޶Ǳ˵һ£ȻѸ˹˼
ڲҵĽȣĵò賿пܲˣͺԸдõҵοһ¡
ôǾͿ֮ǰеҵˡ
УԼҵҪԼɣȻO.W.Lô죿
Ƚش𣬺ֱӾܾҪ
ǰ޶ɼҵĥӲݵĽĳһʹӦ
ǽ겻Уȥ޶˵O.W.LԶˡ
O.W.L꼶Ҫǵģڲ꼶
޶͹ЩŵĿ
ǻСȭͷݺݵ
˵裬𣿡
ûûȻûУ
޶ȭͷʱһ˵˲Сһ룬Ҳ¶Щµɫ
״ҲЦҡҡͷ
ʵ֮ǰܾ޶ɲô׷֮ԻҪǰһ˵
պϺڸҶ๫Ϣң͹޶˲²ţѧڵħҩѧڻ˭ʱ
κ͸׵ֵͻȻ˱ʨͷħҪŻˡ
ʨͷħκ͸׵·һڳʮͷ­ʨӵħƷ
ʱĺΪ֮ǰܾһֱ˹ĽѵӰ죬Σʱʶľһץסκ͸׵µĸ첲һ˫˹ˤ˺ݺݵ˵ϡ
һֱڤħǿҲõ˼ļǿ
ôȫһ¹ˤֱӽκ͸׵µĸ첲˫ˤϣҶ๫Ϣҵĵذ嶼ҳεĿӡ
ҽϲΤ˹ֵܣ͵׸ƣž˻
Ϻ˼ﶼҪ֣֮ǰһֱԺ䳰ȷЩϲСŮǡ
ڿҲˡ
Ͼ˭Ҳ뱻ӲϹͷǡ
޶ΪϾ¼ĿߣĿǰΪֹﶼЩӰ
ܵκ͸׵µĶ羪ţܵԺʵš



һʮ µħҩѧ

ˣ֪µħҩν˭𣿡
ۿҵ޶ҲֻͷҵϧûֵСʱֽëʷȥ
֪
һǹħҩνڵ£ʱҲ˲òҵȤ
Ҫ˵ѧУĸСʦħҩνڵĸģĪڱ˹ĥ˿Ĺˡ
ʥں˵ѧУƸµĽ˹յħҩΣϼĶû˯ž
룬֪ǶôħҩΡ
ÿҶ౻۵ķһҪռ֮һһУħҩα˹տ۵ķҪռʮ֮š
Ǻˢ֣Ҷ궼ǵһ
ǴѲкأҶѧûһϲ
ħҩϣ˭˹նøɿķ֡
Ե֪½Ҫ˹սħҩΣŻôģͬµħҩνҲȤġ
ҵȻ֪Ϣͨĸ磬κ͸׵˵죬ѾۿλĽڣ˹ںںɢ
޶Ļص
Ƕϲ˫̥磬Ҳȫô
ҪϢĻȥ׼û
˹սһɢ
¶˾ȵı顣
ʾλŮʿ˹ںͺںɢҪ֪ڻѧ⼸꣬˹һֱǶ
ʥᣬûغ裬һλŮʿںںɢ
һ˼ȽϸĺᵽĳЩԵζ
ǵģκ͸׵˵ǿһɢһ죬˹յϵЦݾȻͷβûʧƺǳĿġ
κ͸׵˵ǶΪǸͲ˹գ˹յ˫ֵ̥ܣ˹տЦ𣿡
޶һӡ
ܣ
ҡҡͷ˹պͿЦֱƽߣԶܽһ¡
ͬЩȣʲô˾Ȼ˹սı䡣
˭
ʲôֲ֪κ͸׵˵ǴλĽںħ硣
޶ʼ硣
˵Ľչܲ
ʱһֱû˵Ľ𿪿ˣ
򡤸˹أһʮֳħҩʦĸ˹ħҩϰ壬ʮ꣬δ顣
ô֪ôϸ
޶۾ɵԲ
ͷҲ̧Ļص
Һ˹սڵĹϵˡ
˶ʱȻ

ڶ죬ʥڽѧڿѧˡ
ѧ壬ĿγǸҶ˹һϵħҩΡ
µħҩνڵ£⼸ѧУѾ÷зҲͬʮֵĺ档
Ͽʱ仹ûʼСʦѾȫãʱʱĽĿɨſڡ
ڴĿ£һɫʦ۵˹սڳſڣѴһ
һͣ٣˹վÿӣʮʿĽһӰ˳
ħҩνڣ򡤸˹ء
Ŷ
򡤸˹ص˲䣬ȫеСʦǶһ̾
ʮֹţȺСʦԣǱȽгġ
ҪǻȵĽŶѵôÿĽڳ֡
ϸһ»ȵĽڣǳϣǳĳҪôǱȽ֣򡤸˹ĻûС
ȣ
˹մ̨ϺһȣȻһɨԭӵĽ˲š
Ȼ˹ղħҩˣǲǾͲˡ
λ򡤸˹ؽڣԺħҩνڣϣҪһ𾴸˹ؽڣ˵Ͽβ棬һú̸̸
˹սɨȫŵСʦͷ
Ȼ⡣
˹ؽڵĵһʱ䣬˾ʹסˡ
һ꼶ʱ򣬺ͰæռйڹĸƬԹĸ˹ĳ࣬ȻҲġ
Ҳû⡣
ΪصȥƻʱѾǵ
ֻⲢʲô¡
ԺԼĸ׳һģһħҩνڣδħҩγɼӦûϲ١
򡤸˹ڣ˹յĹϵδҲ͡
˹һֱ໥˳ۣ˹Ϊ˹˵ĹϵһֱỺ͡
ˣô࣬ҲҪģϣҰҵѣұȽϲɵϿηΧ
˹뿪Щεʼ磬ȻЦ˵
ԭҪԼģ˹УȴҪոô࣬ɲҪЧ
ħĽѧʽȽϿţϰʦѧѵĸоôĹŰ塣



һʮ ˫̥ã

⣬Ǻ񣡡
һɵħҩν󣬹ͽĽںԼ賤һģһ£޶ͽˡ
޶ͺһʼţſֻĳЩЩƣӡ۾ͷ
糤Ƶ˺ܶ࣬һģһǾ˫̥УҲټġ
ֱὫó˲ŷ֣Ǽһģһ
Ѿˡ
˹ؽڲ˫̥ðɣ
޶Ƭĸף̲ס²
ҡҡͷ
ҵн㣬ˣǸ裬賤һ㶼ǡ
˺ü꣬˵˫̥κ͸׵£㿴Ҳһģһ趼ֲ
޶ԼǶ˫̥Ӿ˳
˫̥ʵƵˡ
ȴǵĲ룺
ܣˣ˹ؽϿεʱҲ˵ǵһӢôܺ͹˫̥
Ҳֶ࣬Ҳ̫ɺ˰ɣ
޶
⡭
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ҲͰˣ仹һҲһѲ뵽˫̥
ȥһ²֪ˣ㿴˹ؽڲǾ
˲ȥֱһָָǱں˹һȥĸ˹ؽڡ
֪˹غһĳ࣬˹սڣѧУĽںЩʶˣеԾ
Ⲣʲô⡣
Ϊûʲô֤ݿ֤˹غйϵ˹غֱӾӵǱߣ˹صм䶼Ǳߡ
ǣ˻Ź͸˹صͷȥѪԵȻȷ˵ѪԵϵ
ʦǵԸǿǾԲϵĿƼֶΣǶ֪֤ѪԵϵֶΡ
ʵȷϹ͸˹ѪԵϵҲûʲôҶΪ˹˫̥á
˹ûʮһǰļ䣬ĸĸҲȥˡ
û˻뵽Ȼص˶ʮǰͷ¡һ򣬲ɳɳڡ
ԣ𲻵κȥ͸˹ѯʡ
˵Ļ򡤸˹صĸӦǽŶԣΪǽ
ϵЩˡ

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ȻѧϰɼôȷҪͬ䲻١
˹սھڸ˹ؽԱߣɻǹȥʳһ
߰ɣʳÿԳˡ
װ޶˵һҲ˹ȥ
һ·Сܣ˸˹غ˹յǰ档
ǹ˹üͷһ壺
أʲô𣿡
ÿο뵽ղķ˲ͻʧУ޷ıַĵĸо
УҲҸ˹ؽڣһ¡
˹ޱӣĻŵõһȣȴǿװ򶨣˰ͷ
Ȼһֱ˹ԣȴԸͷ
˹ոѵȻĽ𡢺ɫ˲
ʱ˹ȻҲԱ˹Ц
ȥðɣ˳ҵһը
ڹΪʲôԼ˹ʵҲġ
ϾԴԽÿһĻȽڣɴӣֻû˹ôŰˡ
УڡĿԺάڡħε¬ƽڣݵĵ˲һ°͡
Ҳʱ֪ԭ˹ûпţĺ˹ʶһŮ׳ĺ񣬶Ůƺͦġ
ԵȻҲרŻʱͨ˹˽һλŮ׵Ĵ
˵ʵ˹óλŮ׵ƬʱԼסˣʱ˸̾Ȼһ˻Լô⡣
лһ뷨ǾԼ᲻λ˹ŮףʲôѪԵϵ
ͬò֣ͬͬ䣬ؼ֪ԼǱģڵĸĸֻĸ
Ϊרڿѧǰ죬ȥһ˹׽ңǸݡ˹˽һ
Զ׼ݵĸĸֻӣûʲô˫̥ʱȥݷʱɰݺɷ˸
ˣ˹ĺʱȻҲµɻ
ոϿεʱע⵽һֱڶ
˹˹صĻһ£ǵ˵ͷȥ˴á
Ȼ׸˹ز򣬵ֻҪǸ˹˵Ļ֪Ϊʲôû취ܾ
ңʵҲ֪ҪʲôΪ˹ȥݷõ˼һ£Źȥġ



һʮ ڶĿʼ

˹ءڣһ£ʶҵĸ˹Ϊǡ
˹ˣڴĿ˸˹ء
˹Щźҡҡͷ
ӣ֪ҪʲôҲϣǣǿϧǣҺĸײûʲôϵǰҾȥ֤һ㡣
ʵԼ˹ȻЩ⣬ȴҲر⡣
ΪʮķǳҸĸһֱûѪԵϵҲˡ
ȻǶϣǶˣҲǵˡ
˲֪Ϊʲô֮ǰһֱ⣬ǰǿԳƵϱȽġ
ڴӵ˼һȷûȥˡ
ǹҲȥʲô

ԭڴı˲仯ʧ䡣
Ҳ֪Լڴʲôڴ˹ؽ˫̥ãǣҲ裬衣
û裬ûѧʮһ꣬һֱסңֻһҶһֱöѡ
ҲֻΪ˹ؽں賤һоаɡ
ȻҲ裬ħҩѧڣ˹У˵ħҩѧɼһֱѧĲãʲô⣬ʱң
Źʧı飬˹¶˸Цݡ
˹˽⵽Ȼ˹Ǹúӣ֪ΪʲôǸоӺԵ
۾һ
ڣһúѧϰħҩ
ˣһȥԷɡ
˹ЦЦкŹͺĽˡ
ֻǣĿɨʱһ¡
ϿʱһμܸоƺԷʮϤĸо
Ҳʷɣ
һɾӣﰵ
ԭΪ˷ħܶ鶼ƫԭĹ켣޶ȻҲԭѹôѧϰȻҲ͸ӵĲˡ
𶼵ܲԭҵħΪޡ
ħİ޿ɲô׵ģ˹Ӳʵս֪ʶ͸ƵѧϰɼͬҪ
ʵսռʦԳɼĻҲ޷ϰޡ
ԭܵϰ޲ʵʺܷħӢʦ磬ҲкܴĹϵ
治˵
޶ԭһʱ޺ȥοЦϵˣʺϸɰޣѧȥҲν

ħҩνڵĵڿѧһʱĺ䶯ܿ㱻ѹȥ
ΪǿĵڶĿʼˡ
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ԭסڰ¥ĸҶĿ͵Сʦǣ𴲾ͨں¥
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ȻǺܿάһ򹫸棬֪ͨСʦʮһںں¥ϣۿڶĿı
㷢ıˮħĿ𣿡
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ȻŽħʵαĵصˮóĴħƺҲ𲻵ʲôá
ģģǵһףͿˣ
˰֣һʤȯյӡ
ͬڹ޶ںѵĵģλСŮѣǶڽһıġ
ԴӸŽȥһ磬һʱعܾͨ˽⵽һЩ¼󣬺ʶǿѾԶԶ
ľǵ˲࣬ʵҲҪȽ˺ܶࡣ
˲û취ñ䣬Լɰ׸ߵľˣȻһС
ֻЩܣҲú͹޶˵Ϊ˵ˣ˹Ҳš
С㣬鷳һ£
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ȥںǱߵ¥СҪһܹȥ
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Ȼ֪ô¡
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ֻΪŻͼλʿҲΪǿзΧŽĸʧܵĻԶʧȥ
ıָλʿˡ
ʿûоȳôǵİ˾ͻᱻɱںںС
ʵϣ˲ͶԺں彻ˣʿλʣȫûκΣյġ
֮ԻᱻڽߣΪǱѡеĽǸ



ٶʮ ħ䷢ҽ

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İı˺ںУڶݣڹ涨һСʱڣҵǸİıȫĴϰ
λʿѵʱ̣ôõĵ÷־ߡ
ڣʼʮӣǿǰЩ׼
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м˵¬࣬λȫ룬ʼ˵˵ڶľݡ
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ȻΪȵķ˿ģŮ˿ǻȾѧУҲ١
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ȴ˿ûҪѵʦ۵жŵվһԣʹһ￴˿³ķܽص
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ܽͬƵĻп³ķֻҪһЩýħȻԱ֤·ŪʪٶȲһķ졣
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١
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³ķܽͬʱ̧ħȣʼԼʩչħ䡣



ٶʮһ ˮ䣿ֺ䣡

ܽõͷ䣬ʩչԴֳһ͸ݡ
͸ݲԽˮ棬ˮɵĺ
ͷǸ߼ħ䣬Ƕڸ꼶ʦ˵ҪѧᲢѣѵˮάﳤһСʱϡ
ͷʹаСʱѾˡ
ܽʱŬĵط
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ǰЩˮҲԶˮ߷ֿ
мˮеܽغͿ³ķһ߰ѸֵľһĴںںѰŸԵı
·ʱΪˮԭں͸ֵˣ˲㱻ǿзֿˮ嵽˱̺֮ߡ
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ҵĸоͲǱˮǷֺˡ
Խʵںںʩչڴʩչܸ˵ĸоǷֺˡ



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ԭ˸ЩսʿΪ㳡ϵˮֵ߶ˤ˵ϡ
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ԣö֣ɵ˺ߣȻֽ⿪˰ӣ⿪˵˲ϵħ
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𣡡
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ķԽԽˣҲÿȥСܼˣ
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ڳ˺ܶħʦħʩչħһոӵĸǽ忴ǸԹ
ȷ֪ǾǸԹΪ汭ĵĿԹ



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ԹҲǹͺͺ߰׸ǽħֲ忴ȥƺȻ
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Ϊһӵļʱ䣬Ѿ㹻õǿˡ



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һӵļҪˣ¬׼ڶĿ³ķԹ
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ƺİеħŮУƺûгֹɫ
ȻܺͿħǵȷͦǿġ
֮ǰһֱÿȻǿ󣬿ԼҲ١
Ⱥ׽пƣ͖ŷдŷԼ˼Ҳ١
ϴ뿪ʱʵȫȲϿġ
ΪʱʵһЩĖŷԳƺͿȲһΡ
ڣô編򣬳ɾ츸ʵвάļӳ֣ǾԼʵͿˡ



ʮ ħŮı

ǵģռ˵ֻҪԸ֧ȼ۵ƷôͿ԰ʵκԸ
ţҪȥҵȥԼ·ӦҲ԰ʵ֡
ŷȤ͵

Ҫ֧ȼ۵Ķûʲôɡ
ΪԼĸг̶ȣֻҪԷǺܹ֣֧
ҪħƷĻղ˲٣ΪһʦԸݶԷҪ
ҪƼƷάɴһҳ޴Ǽɴ
֮ǰָսɵңñСС󣬵׹ħϡ
ҪǮĻñĻƽ鱦ֻһЩ΢ħˡ
ֻ֮ҪԷǿġ
ĲʨӴ󿪿ڣô˾Ƕ£ҲԿ
ûĻƺ磬һ磬֪һȥ̵ħ
ֻûʲôҪʵֵԸһֱûʹù
ŷһ£ȻֿٵĻһʮָӵħͼ
һ۾ͿһܶλռħֻҪ㹻ħͿԽħͻƿռ䣬ǰλĵط
ͻƿռڽ˵ʲôѵ£ڿռ䷨⣬ʱͻĿռݡ
ѵǼʹͻ˿ռݣûо׼꣬ôȥʲôûе֮أһ硣
֮˵ٻʱ䣬кܴԼǰԪ硣
ΪҪͻݡҪʱǿľȥ֮̽ءѰҺԪꡣ
ðܶһСķ򡣡
ŷħﰵԵ˵ͷ
ŷΪҪҵصԭķҪȥԪ磬ʵֻҪȥС磬ռЩСķ
ԣλԪħŮԸæҲǶһС꣬һСķ
ڽ͖ŷ潻ʱСӣҲƵսﵽ˸߳
Ʋǿ൥ӡһƣƾһ֮ͽСӣпȫǿжȡҽСӣȫˡ
ڣƺпһԼ˼룬аֻΪӡô̫įҪЩһĿԼߡ
󣬻СӣС֣ðлȻСӣԴİںϳһµСӣơϣ
ⳡսСӣСҲ׿ĵĺߣ໥Լ⣬ȷ˹ϵصĽ͖ŷ¶ϸװοЦݡ

գħݡ
ŵѾȫõĿռ䶨λħ󣬽˿ûԥվ棬ʼħħ
һҫ۵İ׹ħʧˡ
ƽձִ¥ŵģһصŷʽСԺͻȻһ׹¶һλɫͷ˧Ӱ
Ȼһµ硣
Ǵħ磬ħԽĽڳֵĵһʱ䣬ѾȷԼȷһ硣
ΪܲһЩźܴ
ˣӭ٣
ʱͻȻ򿪣߰СŮͯͬʱ˸к
ǴԪħŮĵ𣿡
СŮͯ¶òԵ΢Ц
һ۾ͿСŮͯ࣬Сɺһħħ
ǰⶰϢǿħıʮִϵ
һ񽣺񽣵飬СŮͯⶰħķ֧
ǵģֻҪܼ£ʲôԸܰʵ֣
СŮͯıܵǰȻߡ
ҲûпܣСŮ߽ͯⶰǿħֵıڡ
ȻŷʽͣڲװȴǷǳʽذ塢ǽں컨壬ȫľƵģҲʽš
߹հ˹֮£ܿͱСŮͯ˿һȻ˺ɫǰ
ͬʱҲӦǹʮǿҹħ
룡
СŮͯһһҵĽľ¶ľϵǵˡԪħŮ
ֻλԪħŮһĺɫۣʮʮӣֳһϸ̸ˣ޳ʮֵĶˡ
ʱű򿪣³̣Ťͷָָǰӣ¶һ˿Цݵ
Ȼ̸̸ϣʲôԸ



ʮ Ҽԭ٧

ãҽн𡤿ţ
΢Ц߽ϣҽܺʱ⿪ϵ䣬ͷųԼӴħ
λħŮɢħǿ󣬵ԼҪ˲٣ľûбҪʵˡ
ǿʵҲöԷһʱڴĿġ
ȻӦһǿֲħڳϵĴŮħŮͫһ˲
ǿħ
ǿħ֮ǰҲֻǿܹڵĿҲûôǿħˡ
ԭԺħʱûʲôΪħʦͨħԸ
ֻû뵽λħʦȻϵǿ
ԽҼԭ٧ӣ٧С㣬֪ǿ㣬ҪʲôԸ
٧С㣬˵ʵκԸ
ûش𣬶Ƿһ䡣
ʵǶʵκԸ˵ͦģΪǲܴڡ
ҪõʲôҪʧȥʲôеԸֻܽڶԵȵϲɡҲʵԸֻΧȥԸ
ϾҾӪҵĿģʵҲΪʵԼԸ
Ҽԭ٧һе̴Ŀ˱ϡ
Ҳǰ˸Ŀʵ̫ǿѾԼԷҪɵԸȻ򵥣δɡ
ôɼпԸԭ
һǿʵͶġȼ۽áһ˶ڽףҲĳ˵Ըһͺʵ֡
ǰ죬ĳħԸܹõ㹻Ե
ΪǸ⼸˻ºĶ쵽ȴûд㹻ʳ
ǡãһƼĳܵԸܹõӲмķ
ǣħʵԸĴۣǸһƿƲмħҩǸƼ缯ܵĴǹʳ
ʵֻǼ˸м̣ͬ˵Ը
Ϊм̣ȻҲ˳׬ۣȻ󴢴´˵ԸһδνУռֶԿԼԸõĶ
ˣҲԸɣĳѾȥˣôҲͬ
Ϊһ򣬾ܸͿ࣬λƶ޷ıķ
ԣڽ⣬ûиʮֿ϶Ļش
Ե˵ͷҲûȥȦӣֱ˵ԼԸ
Ҫ֪ȥдԪķ
ȥдԪ磿
Ҽԭ٧һ˲һ¡
Ը̫ѣЩϵļ򵥡
֮Ա֮ΪԪħŮΪ԰дԪʵԸȻ֪ǰдԪķ
𣿡
Ҽԭ٧һӣüͷ΢΢
Ҽԭ٧޷ʵԸһС磬ɾ̫˷ʱˡ
һ¿ΪʲôҪȥԪ𣿡
Ҽԭ٧ûش𣬶Ƿһ䡣
ûֱӵԭ
ΪоħıʣҪǰԪ磬۲첻ͬ編Ĳ֮ͬеУ
Ҽԭ٧Ȼħ˲٣ʵҲһģûбҪ
Ҽԭ٧Ե˵ͷ׽˼ΪûҪ۷ʱڣɹͬ¡
ҲΪˣŽʶͬдԪеλ۾УȻ˴ĴȻҲֻǾһƳ
ͬҲ˽ǿ
һʼ̽Ԫ磬ħʦѾ˵ﵽĶˡ
Էħǿ󣬶ħҲԵ˼ĵز
ԽԪ磬һֱǷǳѵһ£Ȼ֪Щ磬Ҫ㴩Խ磬Ҳôס
ͬҲҪ൱Ĵۣ
Ҽԭ٧۾һתȻЦŻظ
ȴ˿ֻҪԷ֪ǰķ۷⡣
˵ɣ٧С㣬ҪʲôΪ
ħƷƼƷħҩħͻƽƱȵȣֻҪҪģҶ㣡
ּ䣬ֻҪ΢еյĵطȫָƷħħȣӵиħЧħߣ¿˺ɽ˵ȽƼ
Ҽԭ٧ӿ˲䱻Ŀ̲ס˳顣
ԸԸ
ĻӳƷҼԭ٧ΪԷǴԪħŮԸĿˡ
ͯȫ¶Ͷ¶Ǻܿģ˷ܵĳһѵƷ



ʮ һվѰ

ҲҪЩƷΪۣԸһСæĻôҵǿ԰Ը
ûǱ˵ȫ¶Ͷ¶Ҽԭ٧˵
ü
ҪʲôСæ
ڿ˵ܼ򵥣ٹ£мλͿһԸߣͬҪȥԪ硣
ʱһһǰϣмæչһǵİȫ
Ҽԭ٧Ӱ˰ֿЦ
˼ĵ˵ͷ
û⡣
ԸоûҼԭ٧˵ô򵥣Ҳں
ԼʵģɵԸ˵ļһֱ·ǣռԪķǼ
磬ҲҪʱռһķ򣬲ôżȥ硣
Ǿ뿨ٵµʱ䣬ĻҲסﻹкܶŵķ䡣
ͷҼԭ٧ӱȻʮֵȻʵȴʮֵļ
εʱֻ֮УͨӪҵ꣬ɸԸŸַı֣ϧÿζǿķƽ⣬Ȼٴνֻͬء
һΣλڿħʦĵҲΪƾֵĹؼ޾ֻأͿµĴ
䣡
ڴʱͻȻһ죬ķһֱͨյĴ󶴡
СࡢСȫ
Ҽԭ٧˫һУһɱʱ
ԭǸոͽ̸ʱ¶ȫ¶ӸոյһƷзһڣȻСİ˿ڵİť
пˣпˣ
ȫ¶Ͷ¶֪˴ϽӵеڣȾͳ˳ȥ
ʱҼԭ٧ӷ·ҲӦʲô૵
ûʲôżȻеֻǱȻˣ
л룬ºһٹ
ûдӦסⶰϰߺͲϤסһǰ˵ħôǿ
Ҽԭ٧ǸʲôˣĿǰҲֻ໥ãѶ㲻ϣСһЩûд
ǿ̫ϧˣһʱȺȾƣһһħ
ȣʵҲǲУһµĵطҷҲǼͦ鷳¡
һӣԼĶջصָ磬Ȼվ壬ٴȥ
£ȻԸסǰħŮԸ̽ħǾһ˵ˡ
ȻԷħԼ廹һɹŹֵʱ䷨ţȻܺͿħˮƽ϶͡
ˮƽħʦħħʵȻżĺô
ԣԷĻ͸ı⡣
Ҽԭ٧Ӽ״һЦЦ
Ǿͻӭסˡ
ΪʵԸĴԪħŮԼһν൱׼
ӽڣȻ˲û˵ٻѾЩϢȫȷϣһǳħоħʦ
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ĽҼԭ٧ӣһεİֽ͵
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Ȼ˰죬ͻȻԼ͵ЩͲϳһ˿Ҳţͽȥ
ʱҼԭ٧ӣŸȴһЦݣ
ΪǽĽ磬㵽ҲǱעˣڴĶóҰɡ
һ£Щ֪ͳڴһɫݸҼԭ٧ӡ
Ҽԭ٧ŽɫۣȻ˻
ʲô֣ʲôʱ򣿡
һվѰһգҵı
ԼֺգҼԭ٧ӾȻĻæ֡
ȴʱˣ
٧СȻпˣҾˣСȫС࣬Ըȥһ·𣿡
ȻȻ
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޸
һָ뿪ǰ˳޸䣬޸һ¸ոձ¶ȫ¶ںĴ󶴡
ллˣһһȾƣ
Ҽԭ٧ЦųŽ˻֡
ʱλʮ֣һվѰĸѾˡ
ոսʱ֣ΪʲôķȻи󶴣ȻȴǸˣַųһɫĹߣǴ󶴾ȻԶ޸ˡ
ҪԼͲƽʱ֣ܿӦˣڹѾŵİȾˡ



ʮһ ټ

㣬ħŮĲڡ
Ħãɱ
Ҽԭ٧Ӿеһһ¶ɫ
ԱߵľѣһɫǴͷһħҲŴͽȫĵϱ
ĦãĦã
ԱߵĳڣǸһվѰĸŬŸּȣȻȫ¶Ͷ¶ͯϲ
һվѰԸΪʲôˣҼԭ٧ӵ˵
λһվѰԸȥԼֵʣΪû㹻Ĵ֧ͱǿˡ
ԵĴҼԭ٧ӶһվѰ̬УЩܾҼԭ٧ӺһӦԭʶ
ҲûȥҴʲôϾ˲֮ǰʲô£Ҳϵ
㲻һ𣿡
ٴθԼһ󱭣Ҽԭ٧εĿ˽
ˣҸϲϡ
еϣٴξܾҼԭ٧ӺȾƵ롣
Ϊһֱڸ紩ǰڳڽٻȥȾƣټǰҲʲôȾ֮ˣ£ԷǺϺͲǺȾơ
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Ҳ˻ľˣܹҪе㰮ãҲȽϲԸʳ
СʱҼԭ٧ӿԼٴο˵ľƿһڴոմӳ⿪Χȹһʵ
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ĪΪҵĴУĪıȥӶ˵ġ
һƣȻ٧Сһپͺȹˣֱ̫ˡ
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Ҽԭ٧һûˣ϶ʱ¶ĵɫ
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ȫտյʮƿȻٴαˮ
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ꡢ䡢У翵˵ȵȣԼ󣬱
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Ҽԭ٧ֺ𿪿ʵ
Ҽԭ٧ӵϢǖŷӼ̳еĿļҵģô˵Ӧúλ٧СʶĲŶԡ
˵ʵڿΪʲôҪСɺ£Ȼ²ħתԼȴ뿪ǰԭЩġ
ԵĻҲϣռ;Уλΰħʦ
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ܹһ̽һħİǾ͸ˡ
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˵ͷȻҡҡͷ
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ԭǴǸģѹֻôֵħ
ʱҼԭ٧ӲŻȻ
ȻΪԪħŮ˲֪ҲȷԷǴĸԪ
ΪǸħɢÿ綼УֻҪҵƳȻ㹻ħ߿ƼУͻᱻ͵ĵſڡ
ЩֱͨɢڸħߣԸ
ճʱĴŴͼķװҲȷԷĸ硣
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ϸҲǣһħɱΪ޷ӣǱˮħĺͿЩ
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٧СȻʶ֪ĸԵĻ̽һħ
Ҽԭ٧ӹȻʶ࣬ʱȤ
Ҽԭ٧ͣһ£̾˿
һ¥ĵطֲˣ˳ĻڴԪеҲܼ



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תۼ䣬µʱȥˡ
ϽڵεδۣŤͷһԭСꡣ
𣬻ħϴ·ƿ˷ţűĲ˹ȥ
ûʱĻӦþҼԭ٧Լǰӡ
µʱ䣬ѾȫСķȫϣ˵ʵ˲һµʱ䣬Ѿ˷ռ
Ϊ֣Ȼħ粻ͬڵͼȴкܶͬĵط
Ҳ˵кܶĵͼѾħչˡ
ҲΪħ磬ڵԼҪǰ磬ʵͬһ˻ͬһﴴġ
˾ǲͬ磬Ҳкܶͬķڡ
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ص硢ħʦѧͽ硢β磬ǵĴ߿϶ʹħĴ߲һ
һڸռĵͼܾͻ֮ǰԤڵٺܶࡣ
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Ҳû̫ʧΪռͼС绹кܶ࣬ûȥβ磬Լ³ֵС硣
ĻڵʵҲԻص紩Ԫ棬ƽռ
һźܶƽڣΪλ֩ͬ棬Щ֮ģͬһ档
ʵȱٲɼĵط
Ϻð
͵һѾ׼緹ǵ٧СںȾƣȵĲƣǽԹĻơơ
µʱ䣬Ҽԭ٧ӺͽĹϵѾķǳ
ҪǽȻȾƣǿħָҼԭ٧ûȹľƣԹصľƣ԰˹ӵµľƣβ͵ľƵȵȡ
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ЦŴ˸к˳㻹һ䡣
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µʱ䣬˵һ£һֱУڿԼռļƻȻ˺ܶࡣ
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Сʱ󣬿Ҽԭ٧ӣЩʵ
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ԭִʱҼԭ٧Ӳֻħһڷһ塣
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ҲûзԣֶԼʩһħ䡣
ȻǱ䣬Ҽԭ٧Ӧ˵ǸħʦҲܺߣҲûҪͶԷͻȻһʧɱ˾Ͳˡ



ʮ СǺСӣ

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Ȼ󣬵һռħԺӰһ׹Ժ
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ϸһ˵ݣЩɣܿ۾
СǣСӣ
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СǺСӣ֣ħͬʱԺ
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С˵ǸĹ١
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Ҳýռ˺ܶ಻ͬķָڹķϵΪӴĲͬѾҪƵһˡ
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ոշ֮һµı飬ΪǴʱмǧħʦڵĳǷ
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Ҽԭ٧ȡѪ˫ӵĴۣǿԴʷɵ׷ɱȡʷɵĴۣʷɿȥ׷ɱѪ˫ӡ
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ϿգӶͬԵħŽȥ
ĽǼвУ䷢ħȫһһƽ⡣
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ԼոշʱħסԷɱԷִƣ𾪵״̬
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ͽܣ⵹㲻ϣҵȷоħ㣬塤ֵ࣬࣬𣿡
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ԣʹЩħȻѲʲôá
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޴ħл¶һѿħĵħħϣƺЯһʮ־ֵĻϢ
ħֺ궼ʱͣ귨ħϵĻϢʱɢˡ
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Ϊ֮ǰһֱڿһ⣬ǾǵĽָ編ﵽٷ֮ʮϣռ㹻ȥάгת
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Ҳиƻֻƻڵʵôıա
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ħʦͬһѧҡ
ҲΪʲôԸСӣСǣǻһҳϵ¡
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ڱǷǿ࣬Լ֪ȻǴԼֳȥģԼµĴҲµĴ
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ͺͿึ㹻Ĵۣת٧ڵ磬žۣʼµֻء



ʮһ ȫ

תĸСǺСӣΪ˰ܷ˿Ը̽ĿĹӡ
ڷѾȥȻҲͲҪˡ
ʱ俪ʼˣҪˣ۾㱣أаչ˺һǺӣ
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𼱣Ҿ㻹оȣûô
ۼҼԭ٧ӵħҪɢ֪ٵȣֱǰ򿪽ָ磬˽ȥ
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Ǵڽ飬Ǵã俴Ҽԭ٧Ӿȥ罫뵽ԼĽָ硣
һ츸ĸ֣δļƻвٰġ
ĿɲҼԭ٧ӣǰλָʵֻǱԲһĴħʦࡣ
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Ϊ˽ָ½һ



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ɱҼԭ٧Ӻ󣬽ڸռë
ΪпİܿͶλëλãҲռķ
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Ҫ뿪磬Ϊǿħǻ˼ĸ˴ѡ
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Ҽԭ٧źİҲΪҼԭ٧ӵѳ
ô뿪Ҽԭ٧ӡ
ЩʵҲڽԤУҲͼƻõģȻҲȻͬˡ
ˣѪ˫Ҫӱ׷ɱͰΪ䣬ҲΪԼҵ˶ûȥ
ΪԸʱ䣬ѾĬΪBUGֻвڲͬ紩ܲĨ
Ľָ磬ͲٵıĨˡ
Сǽ룬СӣȻҲҪ룬Сǵĸĸ渴СǺСӣԼӽ룬϶ҲҪ룬ôǵһһҲѡ˽롣
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ϵķذť»ص硣
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ڣ΢Щʶǿߣ֪һάжôĺôܿԼ֮١
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Ժܶάħά磬ʵԼһ㽨ȡɼ̳лȥġ
ķİάȣԭʹУһά磬ķԼںϣŻƿȨ
ī˹صĵάȣҲԼıƿĵħղŽԼС
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⿿¶ʵҲôıգϾ¶뿪˹ӵºʵҲ½١
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ʷٷҴӼ뿨̩ڣһʱ䣬ʹһȫħСףݷʦѾԳĪ֮Ʒʦյʱħ



ʮ һ֮

͹һ̸󣬽ʱ˿̩һȴžƵķչ
չһĻ˵˳Ȼͺá
ΪʷٷȻڿ̩ѧϰħĻǵȫú󣬻ȥҽ
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ֹ˴ԼСʱʱ䣬һռħŦԼʥɢ˳

ƯڳϿյĽǰһǳԵչľռħϻһԹۿķ϶ûƻɿС
ʱľռڣʷٷҺĪڷӴܣѾ˴֮Ŀ˹ˡ
ûгְæΪʱһѾ˾ռڡ
ƺҲ˽ĴڣڵķЦЦͿ˹˴
Ƭ̺󣬹һ˹һ͸Ӿռ˳ȥݺݵˤ·ߵĽֵϣ˱״̬
һֱŵ鷢Ľ𣬲ۡ
ǿһ̫ˣֻǸоһԼƵʵЩûۿ
һǺͬ츸۷ĴڣǳǿнһƬάħħǿֻԽԪ档
ˤҲ̫ˡ
˵Ǹ͸Ӹ¥ˤǱж˿飬⽴оһ
ԽڵֻҪ겻ʮַȻָܻ۷ʱڡ
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ʷٷҰһΪĸԸĵʦҲǲģ
ʷٷҴŴĹһԼ֮ǰϰҽԺҪιһ𻺻ҽԺķ



ʮ ǿ

򡪡չ
䵽ҽԺãչԼ򣬽Լ
ΪʱһѾԼΪǿʱħʱʱȫˡ
չϹһʱħôҲʱʱħС
صҸҪûʱˣ
ʱԵģ㵽ڻûӦʦݣѾʱ̽δҲֹµѣڿעͦȥˡ
һʱħ󣬽ҲƾǿʷٷҺ͹һĶԻ
һԼʷٷʶʦΣȻһͨϴPUAʷٷҶҡ˻ȥҽ뷨
ܽһ¹һۣҽֻܾһˣʦȴ硣
ʮʷٷǼĹһ֣غȫӦڹһ󣬼̳ʦλá
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źˣ
ҽԺ¥ųԼԱߵĹһ꣬Լ
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һȥ׷㣬ˣʵﵽǸȻҲӴʱټһ
ԣҼ츳ħʦû֮һ
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˵ĺ嫣˵Ӵ˵Ĳɵֵ·ֻҪһܽеһУȫһɶ
ƴȫŤͷȥһʮֹС
߶֮ܳΪֻǿȥΣʵϸͿݣֻӴĺӰпʱʱǳͺڶ
֪Ӧþ㣬Ԫ漶Ķڡ
˵ԪĻÿһжһ㣬ÿһе㣬ֶǶԪһϸ
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ֱڣ㣬ֻܻǵ㣬׶Ԫ漶ǿߣǶôǿ
Ԫ漶ǿѾǿԼûб˲ĵ壬λ᲻زסĳ̶ȡ
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䣬ӴӰҲ֮ԭʧˡ
ڿĵһۣȷƺЩ̫ԾǾﲻԾû
ҲûȥᣬȻǶԪı壬ľͿƿضԪһУһЩԼҲ㲻Ķ
飬ʱҲ뵽һЩУҲļֵܽóܡ
ڶԽͣͣΪڵöԪܹķչȥһЩάǱ͡
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㷢һֽĴʱѻ᲻еѹԼ޷߱˵Сܡ
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Լά磬ͻȻһߣȫ֪Էνģôô죿
ԸǱضȻ̿꿽ʣôԼûʱԼ硣
뵽ͻȻЩ
ϴʱû㣬ÿ˶Ľָ硣
һϢ˱㿴ʵֱӾֲܷԾ



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ʱֺȻ뵽һֱ˼һ⡣
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Ȼ˿Խ͵С磬׼˶ϿɵݣôΪʲôʱô졣
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ǰãҲǾ˵ĶȤζѣڣͨǾ仰Ҳûô򵥡
ֱȥС磬Ȼ󱻸һڵݡ
ΪߵʵȫЩС紴ߵʵ֮ϣı˻ô汻ˣЩСĴߣҲֻܳԸưͿ
Ŀǰļ磬ءħʦѧͽħСӣβͣһĸС硣
飬ҲŴ˵е񣬵ûз磬ҲǺܸߣֻһڡ
Ʋⴴ߶Ҳǵ漶ĴڡħʦѧͽҲˡ
ħкܶС磬ӦǴﵽ˶Ԫ漶ǺӦҪĺԶҲǸոǸż
β磬ǺȷȻĿǰ֪ľ磬ħʦ޶ȽϸߣԴ߼пҲǶԪ漶
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ٿ磬ĶԪ漶ǿߣкü滹г漶ͥȫ漶OAAԽߡ
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ٰʮ 泤ղؼ

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ٰʮ ߳ĸ

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ԣʱ仹ǶооԼڵ֮֮ߣײ
ȻĨ֮꣬Ǿڵ֮ȻҲʧ
ոոǾЩҲȷʵֻҪĴﵽ˵Ǹ̶ȣʱУǾ㹻¹Ŭ
ҲϣǾܹԼ֮ЩǾԺҪӻӵĳԱðգⲻ˻δ֪Σա
ƿ֮ܶЩԱֻкôûл
ĻǾֻ۾ʱŵݣЩħؿλÿ˹ȥ
ǱڰοƵĿħᶯ£֪ΪΣɫƤϣȻ΢΢͸һЩı顣
ǾҲæǺʹһ뿪˽ķ䡣
¼ȻԼܽǵȻǿԼΪʣΣֱѾЩȲҪϽ᷿оԼ֮ˡ

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ԼͿħĹϵѾһûԶˣ˵пܻдͻơ
ô椵ľ飬Աɱ֮ʱпͿħ֮ա
ΪһҲǿħⱲ־ĴڣֻǿħΪܵͣûб졣
Աɱ󣬿ħļͻ򿪣ǸʱֻҪӣϾˮˡ
ˣҪӽʱϤԼڵ֮ȡ֮ǰ֮ǿһԼڵһξӦҪеҪ
ǾŵŵܻԼķ䣬ڳˣħ֮⣬оԼǲǻˡ
ǾΪ˱սԻطŬһ򲻶ûмƻõļƻŵľԼٳӦ
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󣬽ţŴЦ
ӭ߳ĺнгҲδĸأ֮أ



ٰʮ ӵ

ҲˣƵǱ߱ϢԺҪϲܵǿԺͿħһڸ䡣
ڣ˵
صϵʷٷ򣬼и߳Աµͼƻ˵һ顣
ڶһ磬׼õĸͨŴ֮أټӻӳԱһ˸ᡣ
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ոճǰÿ˸һֻֻﶼ㹻ңȫӻˡ
Ҳ淭ǿͬԣͨϰ



ٰʮ ɯĴ

챨ϢɽΪʦԭ򣬳Ǿͨǳᡣ
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ɯôණܳԵȥ˹Ǳ߿˳һЩԵģ
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Ȼϰڷɣʦд漯ϣܶǮ˼ҵĹӡС㣬͵͵ڼ˽رӡ
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˵ЩͰ͵Ľ͵



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ٰʮ 磬Ҵˣ

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ĵˣɨҶʵǿƽС
ԼҪļˣǾֻȡˣһˣʲôš



ٰʮ ԾϮ


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̱ȲʵʵҲȲδڼҲֻ۸۸СĲˡ

Ժʵ𣿡
Ӻ֮ͻȻ鿴ͷӴ󽢶ӣ·һ֮Ͽա
վھƵſڵĸˣ̧ͷ߿еԾţȫ¶𺳵ɫ
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˵漶ǻϾǷͬȼ޷սʤĴڡ
ǼеĽӣԵ漶ǿߣҲûκοսʤ
֮ǰһֱҴſ׻ĴռޱʯҪľͺڰ̽Ϊ츸ĹһͰ¶̫ɵ
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˵ΪΪ̺ǿĲôʷٷΪʲôѣʲôۣʲôĶ֣Զͷľ



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پʮ Ϯ

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С編ƶȣҲڴ70ʼѸţ717273
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ȫָľϣ˿ûͣЪֶļ򰵺еķ
Ҫľ־ָ£ҲǶԷĶֻ֣Ҫӵ㹻ʱ䣬ҪķĿꡣ
䣡
ָϿշƱãһ޴ĺɫͷ­ڽָϿա
˵ľ޴󣬾޴½ϵļ̌ͷֻоͷ­Ѿռյһλá
ͷ­һ֣ҪĽȥȴһ͸ϵǽָľϡ
ȻƺҲ⣬ʼͣǾײ˹ȥ
һ¡¡¡ʮ¡һ£ײһٶʮʱǾ֧Ųסˣʼ˵Ѻۡ
ۿǿֲĶҪͻգ½ϵо񶼹˵ϣϵĺŽ֣ϣõȡ
ǵľҲȫ˽µǾ޴ħС
ȥ
ֻǾȫ֮ʱʱֹͣ䷨˫͵Ϸһƣ޴ħնǼľһ
Ϊħļ룬Ǿֹͣѣȥ
ɫͷ­ڽЩ⣬ûзŭ޴Ϸ¶˸ӹЦݡ
ͼžײ
Ϊֻ֪Ǵˣĵס
ʱĶͷҲðЩ亹ɼᶨָķ
909192939495ڻ5ܳʱǿž޴ĺɫͷ­ײ˾Ϻħһڽȥ
ҡҡΪҵˣ㽫㽫еԸ
ƻĻڽԺ𣬽оľڶľѹūۣһôͻΪĿܡ
Ȼڴʱҧûֹͣڽָ編ƣָʵʵ÷ƶһֱ
ûõġûõģ˷Ҳô׵漶ֿңɣ°ɣ޷Ҵ



پʮ ף漶

ȥ¡ҹȥ
һŭޱʯͻȻϷɳϱһɼǿľӽ˳ȥ
ԭͻСϣҲζСʱϵһҲʾڿʹޱʯˡ
ޱʯΪϱҲʱκβá
ȻõűʯûõģҲҶá
ǶԪ漶ֻʱסҪ˶ãͿƽ⣬ǿдɢ
סһ͹ˣ
һӺ󣬾ޱʯ˲䣬ٴһڱһǿΪ֮ɫĿֲ
ޱʯӣһֱûзĽͨյķ򣬽ԼķƵ˰ٷ֮٣γһά硣
ڷƵ˲䣬㿪СתСĲ
ոڱǿСתɵʮڵСǣ㹻Сòʮڡ
ܣ
ڽָ編ƣһάȿռ俪ʼγɣָĿռըһ㣬ⲿ죬·ûоͷ
γɵǿֱӽľǿ˽ָ棬ƾײ޷ڽָڷֺ
ΪָˣҲܵĪĺô˴Ӿ嵽ħڲͣͣ
ʱڽ׵漶
ʲôǵ漶ѾԴһĴڣĽָһγɵĵ档
ʲô޾ģԽָѱɺĿռҲ޾ģֻΪɣֻнһŲƽǡ
δҪγ򣬻ҪŬȥ졣
ʲôʱָܽ磬ôʹﵽ˵۷壬Ԫˡ
ôҲ벻ԷոûƣھȻʼֱӽ׵漶
Ҫ֪ıɲΪάɽػʹҲֻܹ͸ӣͶСֵľ
Էֻ츸츸۷壬Կסľջ
Էﵽ漶ôҲöԷûа취漶츸Ѿһˡ
ߣˣԺǻټģ
ۼŽҪ׳ɹҲ޷ͻƽά磬ֻһߣֱͨ΢ľϵ˺飬ʧˡ
ߣάͣҲ۾
Լ˰ٱǿħųɺǿĽָ磬¶һ˿Цݡ
գðĻֵõģ
ðοܱʴķգĲ֪Ҫòܽ׵漶
Ҫ֪¶ô꣬˵Ŭڶû׵漶
ضԶ
󣬽ǿյһƬֲҡҡͷ
ȺĵͶڸдûУδҪʵҪ취
˻úݣֱûʮڣ
ȸ㶨Сڵº󣬽ٴδ壬ϣֻʣڵСǣν׵漶ֱӻʮڡ
ССһ£Ҳûоᣬǵ㿪СѡѡβС硣
֮ǰһֱɵβǸνԥûнȥ
Ѿ׵˵漶ʵ֮ǰʵӲλҲ̫Σա
ȻλǶԪ漶漶Ѿ֪ͬͲͬʵಢôһ
ͬ츸Լά츸ͱûά츸ǿ¶ԡ
ûбʯҲ츸Բǰ¶Ķ֡
ͬʱ漶еûеʵҲһͬ
Լĵ漶ûԼĵ漶
Ȼǳ룬еĵ漶۷ǿߣҲǴ򲻹ġͬǳߴﵽм飬Ķ֡
Ԫ漶ͬˣΪȥС磬һ⣬ǾСĶԪ漶Ҫܶࡣ
Ϊǵķչ;ڿٲͬ磬ӶﵽԪǿһ棬ϵĲɲһ㡣
β񣬿磬ȻĺܸߣСĶߣ϶ԷȻ˵ӮܹУҲӵˡ
֣Ӷѡ



پʮ ƽ崩ԭ

ǰȥβҪռάɣѾҪٲҪСķҪ͸һЩ
֮ȥβΪβĺܶħǳħǺж֮ģټҪΪԼά磬һЩǿߡ
Ľָ̫յˣԼ첻֪Ҫ²ܴﵽǿȣҲҪĴڡ
˵ܸ㵽һѵ漶ĽԼά磬һЩ츸ͽӽ츸ĴڣǺϷġ
ʵҲ֤άһЩǿߣҲвٵĺô
⼸սԶķ츸ĿҼԭ٧ӣ˲Сĸá
λ̬ȲĻַָ̽̽̽̽ԶĹ;飬Ǿòˡ
룬һǰľɫʼ任忪ͨβĴ͡
һΣеĽȴһЩͬķ֡
Ǿǽ׵漶ľڷҲһ󲽣ʱѾôı
˵ǰȷǰСʱϾʲôҲˣֻܱı崫͵ҪȥС硣
ڣϵ⴫ħѾǰôǿȫжϣ뵽ĻĴҲ޷ǿƽȥС硣
ڴβСԼȻܹλ֮ǰλá
Ҳ˵ǲͨ巵أҲԼÿռ䷨򣬷ص档
ڴ˴տʼдʱܵ˺ǿʱħ
һêʱħêһʱ㡣
ҲףÿС֮䴩ԭνʱ侲ֹľʱ䱻ͣˣֻêһʱ㡣
ÿηʱ嶼ὫͻصǸǰêʱϣӶγһʱ侲ֹļ
ҲǣҪ˵ֹСʱ䣬ǻ˵ĹȥǾֹʱ䣬ҪǿҪĵǿֲ
һ㲻Ҫ壬ҲƾԼСˣ
һ󣬽϶ʱһϲ
ÿδ磬ҪһµȴһͻȻʧˣҲȥСˡ
ԤϵֻҪڽеС綼һߣͿԽǵȫգԼȥȥؾͻأҲơ
ԣ
վԼβԼķڣûд壬ƾԼȥӦո뿪ʱЩģ꣬Ȼо񣬻һ봫š
̧ţһΧĻڻʺıһλص硣
ֻһΣȫԼħɵ紩
Ȼĳɹˣ
ɹԼ磬ý֪Ĳ²Ⲣûг
̧ͷһʱӣʱʾʱ䣬뿪ʱʱ䣬Ѿӡ
Լռ䣬ûͬʱêŵʱͻͬ
ڵ˵Ҳʲô⣬Ϊêʱ䣬ͬҲ
ֻҪٴ뿪ʱǰêһʱ䣬´λʱȻͻʱ㣬ʱŵ
Ҫǿռ꣬СĿռ꣬Ϳȫ崫ˡ
ȥСȡêʱҪһ£Ǿǻȥβɣ
ֻ͸ոͨȥβ꣬Сû޷ͨԼȥ
һµȴͨС磬Ȼס꣬êʱ䡣
ˣǰԭƻȽβȽβºȥС硣
ͨԼβ壬βһµʱ䣬ȴһµʱͲͻ
ǰÿλصҪȴһ²ٴδԽǿԼǰβ
βһºһµЧһģȴʱ䡣
һºβԼ뿪ص磬ܹһС磬ڵõظͬĲ
ĸºܽĸСȫգʱԽδû壬ûСǣҲ˿Ӱ졣
Ҿָһ
ţٴγβķ䣬ǳĲ
ǿͬҲǿƣܹѶܹһԼࡣ
ﵥ漶ƽ˴ԭôﵽԪ漶漶ȫ漶ǲǾζǸĴˡ




پʮ 

ŵǳǣβ͹ᡣ
᳤Ϻã
սᣬͿվڹ̨䣬ЦԼ˻֡
ûʽλ᳤һְ˶Ѿ֪һεĻ᳤ԹһЩħʿеĺһ᳤δĴ
þò䣬᳤˽𣿡
ЦЦ
һ£Ϊʲôż˵þòҲû̫⣬Ц
᳤ȥɭȥˣ˵ҪʲôµĻһ㴦ͽ
ͷ͵
ҡҡͷ
Դ޷ΪӰ˺󣬳żȾƺ͹ţƣ϶ڶɭѣˣɡ
Ĵ󲿷ڶ˽
ʵҲû£ΪһЩС»϶һȺŻҼΪƻ⵽ħͶ¼
Դˣ˲ƹȥһ޸ܽ
ǼȥȼöȼȥˣԹỹǺܺƽġ
еȥһˡ
к󣬽ֱ¥򹫻ĵ˹ȥ
Ϊȥҵͼݿ飬˵ͷͼʼΪѵĿһ
¥ңûȥͼݣһֱߵ˵ҵײ㣬һħصĴǰ
ϴ뿪βͽβȫһ顣
ԵȻҲ֪βܣҲβձǻҲΪ֮񻰣߽ࡣ
һ֮ƵĶӵݽߵԣ޵ĵͷħ
õ࣬ںϽ֮Ȼ編ӦԣӦþͿԴһź̫Ƶĺǡ
ĿǰĽָȻѾγһĳΣֻһԼġ
Ųƽȥģ̫ĿǰҲֻһŻ
Ҫָ緢չ棬̫ǵȵȿ϶Ҫġ
Ƕڵ˵ܼ򵥣ԷֳǾҪ鷳һЩˣҲѡдľ飬С綼кܶģʹá
ѵǴ̫޴ӵĺǡ
ǰõ֮նضо̫ƳĲ
̫֮ĹŴ˻֪
ǼˣҪڽָ紴һ̫Ҫ㶫Ҳֲһ㡣
ȵԴһ̫ǺٴڶšȻҲͺðˡ

һ᳤÷˹άάŷ
ӵ²㣬ǵɶ᳤ȫķħֱ˷ڲ˱ɫˮӡһ᳤÷˹
ʵν࣬Ѿһ᳤÷˹ʬ塣
߸ȷе˵Ĵ߰ɪķ䣬˶᳤ʮĸָħһħṹ
ǰܶҪȻȥĵܵȣʼоħŭ˰ɪķ񣬱ֻҪȰͻɢɱ䡣
ǰһ᳤÷˹˽ܶ򣬴ѧϰ˺ܶħ֪ʶħ
ķΪԣɪķעͬһ䡣
Ϊԭ÷˹ɢɱ޷ĸף޷ԭԼͶ뿪˹ᡣ
ٴܶమܶ÷˹İʹڵ䱬Ӷɱ÷˹
᳤˹ҵ÷˹ʬ壬Ϊû˼ʮҪȻڵࡣ
Ҳ֪᲻𰲿ɪķĹע
Źǰַǿӡ÷˹ˮϣʼԼ
ΪάɣԼ׳Ϊ漶ڵҲǽȡ
һչȻ޷ڽָٿз򣬵Ҳʵż
ڽ£ǿɫˮʼڻħṹ÷˹ʬлɳ۳һŵģ
סţ½һ£㽫ӽԼĽָС
ûгҾʹˣ
ԵƬ̣ûκ·÷˹壬һţһӰڵʧˡ
ʵⰲɪķԼĴͻȻʼȾָԼеȨЩʹ졣
뷨ǣҲҪ÷˹ͽֱܶԲм츳ģͷǣú
ȻɪķҪɾͲȫյԼά磬δðˡ
ɪķԸ⣬ǵʱ̸
ڿƺҲ



پʮ һ

ǲ𰡣ǲ𰡣
ŵϿյʱռļзڣһźۣһͷβ͹ķεҡҡͷ
ͷǱˣǴ찢˹ء˹Ĵ񰲿ɪķ
ڽˣɪķô᲻֪ԷһѾˡ
ȴʲôΪͶԷĴڣǲĴڡ
ֻҪԷֵ̫£ʹģҲԷ֡
β͵ʥأǵ᳤÷˹¹ڣǰ÷˹建֡
֪÷˹ܶϵɱȻ᳤ˣȴǵ˯ں᳤¹ڣС
˹ӦҲ÷˹İɣ
ǰµ¹ڣﰵ뵽
˹ʥʮħʿ£ĸѰ˹羫Թıˡ
ΪѰSܱһͬǰǵʶ÷˹һһϵðգӺħʦܶϰǿħ
÷˹β͹˹뿪˷羫Թβ͡
Ĺƺ÷˹ĸ飬ֻʵȢӣ˹¶ǵһӡ
ã˹÷˹ҲỨѼʮʱȥоθ÷˹ɡ
㡭˭
ǸܵԼ壬һֱ˯¹ڣе÷˹꽥ѣķ˳
÷˹֣ЦЦʼҽܣ
һ᳤ãҽн𡤿ţβħʿҲǵĴ᳤
ѾĴ𣿿ҳ˯˺ܾõӣףĴǿѽ
Сһ÷˹˵ԼǹĴ᳤ʮָȤʼ
ǣ㱧ҵʲô
ֿ򱻽ŵԼ壬¶ɻɫ
Ҳûӣֱ˵ԼĿģ
һһЩħԽ㸴ιΪ˸㡣
ң
÷˹ƮڿУ¶˳ԾɫȻĶԽ˵
Ĵ֪֪һȥˣһɵ£˷ҲҪȥԣܵܿµ䡣
ΪܶͽܼӰˣ÷˹ڽܶʵһЩ˽ġ
֪ԼͽܶǴ˽ɣܵ˰ɪķ䣬ǴķɣܶǴĽޡ
ĴһҲ䵽һ³
֪˵ǰɪķ䣬ûϵӦԵķ
ûб÷˹Ļŵ
ɪķ֮ԿԸܶ÷˹䣬Ϊ˾ﵮˣױķӰ졣
ټ˫ʵ󣬲ôǿЧ
ǽɲˣΪ漶ǿߣԼά磬ԼķֱӶЧ
ʮֿ϶ټ϶Էɢħȷʮǿǿ󵽼ʹԷʲôʵ
÷˹ô֣Ž˵ĿԸĻˡ
ˣɻҡҡͷ
ҲҪ
÷˹֪Լ䣬״̬ܵӰ죬һ϶Ϊһ佫ٴμ
ΪԼúܶ޹֮ˡ
ҵ˿Խİ취
ȻĻ÷˹סˡ
ʲôĴ˵ҵ˽İ취𣿡
÷˹ɵǰһץסԴҡ
Ҫ֪Ϊ䣬Ƕôľ
ѵӸСȡ֣ΪУɱѵӡ
뿪һ·ˣ֮ȫɢСݵᡣ
۽֪ˣ
һץס÷˹ӣ÷˹꣬÷˹壬Լڵά硣
ɪķ䣬ҪԴ編е򣬶ֻҪ÷˹뵽Լ磬ôȻԸ編Ӱ죬䵱ȻҲʱƽˡ
⡭
÷˹ӣһĴЩĽ
ǣҴһ򣬰ɪķķ޷Ӱ쵽ϵҲЧ
÷˹͵
÷˹Ȼĸر˽⣬ȷоԼڵǹʧˡ



پʮ һ᳤

᳤Ӧ֪ɣĻ԰ﵱҴһĵط
÷˹ףһӡ
÷˹ɵУľɫ̲סһ̾
û뵽ǹĴ᳤Ȼô
һ磬ĿΪǿħʿܶҲ޷顣
ѵ˯ʱ䣬ħѾչز
᳤ʱԺȰ㸴ɣ
һ֣÷˹˲䱻˹Ȼٴαסӡ
÷˹һ·޹Щ
Ĵôһ£ȻòǸСӣʵѾܴˣ
˼Ȼ֪ǿܻʶİ㵱ɺӣǸǸ
Ըæɿ÷˹վԼԱߡ
÷˹ĸĸǵɫħħʿһ÷˹ڹӡ
÷˹Сᰮħ飬ͽħȫԺ
Ҳһ꣬ɫ汻жԵɫϮȫԱûֻдӹ÷˹Ҵ档
ǵʮ÷˹ںԼеЩħ֪ʶΪһʵħʿǰѰҡ񡱵Ĺ˹顣
˲ʶΪѣһǰɫڵĳŵǣҪɫöǵġ񡱡
κɫû᳤ʵ˱Ķӻصǵ
Ҳͬһ꣬˽ܶ򣬰Ϊʦʵ˾޴
֮սɫãһٽܣΪĴ⣬ɫõĶħͷš
÷˹Ϊ˾ó˵ʱûɵķɣҲ޷һֱͣʮӡ
֪Ȼ÷˹ʵ䲻ʮ꣬Ҳû˵ĵô
Ϊ÷˹ʱX696꣬Ƕʮ֮꣬һֱ˯ڵX784꣬ѡ
ʱ㣬÷˹һһʮ꣬ʵʱʵֻжʮ֮꣬һֱڳ˯ˡ
Ҫ䣬»ǲʮꡣ
˵˼ʱҲܵ弤صӰ죬ȻӰ̣Ӱ쵽һЩԸжϡ
ʱᡣ
ԭʮ꣬ʱҲʱҲ⡣
ഺܵɶӰ죬˺ܴı仯Ҫ̸һЩԭ²е뷨
ԭʱڻѧѾʮ˵ǲԺԵĺøС
ΪʮഺڵӰ죬ʹ̬΢ı仯Ż˺Ľչ
÷˹Ҳˣһһʮˣʱֵĺʮû̫ϲʳ̼ܵޣʱϲ硣
Ҫʼˣ
÷˹ǿ곤򣬽Ѹٵĺ϶Ϊһˡ
ֻҪڣܸο÷˹꣬˵͸Ӽˡ
ʮʱ䣬ڽĲ£÷˹ͺȫںϣٴ۾
ҾȻĸˣ
÷˹ıԼٴ¶ȵ壬˷ܵĽ
ȻǳǿƷʳζǺȣ϶ҪϺܶġ
ĴҲܵӰ죬뿪ǲǻǻܵӰ죿
˷󣬴÷˹뵽һ⡣
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ûΪֻҪذ˹أڰ˹ط£ͻٴγ֣Ҳûа취׽
Ȼûа취ααİ취С
һ㣬û˵ѣΪǰɪķ䣬÷˹ֻҪص˹أͿ϶ǻᱻӰ졣
ʲô취
÷˹۾һʵ
ȻҲ÷˹ȻҪȥĹᷢչôˣȥǰѻڲڣǸȥ
ҿԶʩһǿ䣬ʱϢð˹ص޷㣬ǰ㲻ڰ˹ض̫ǿħ
ķ߲ȥΪǿܻᴥɪķĵߣ÷˹ϢǾҪ򵥶ˡ
ֻҪɪķһֻ۱һֻۣⶼ
زɪķû¶棬öԷҲЩСϺȥˡ
ʵӿʼڣһֱ̽Ҳԡ
֪ǳڶ屳˵ļɵΪͽǿĴڽ񣬰ɪķΪûκεķӦ
ҲּɣϾӲʵĻҲɲԷ



پʮ Ů

ӴС䣬ƣ
β͹ᣬһԾ̨£ɺ⡣
䵹һ󱭴ƵݸЦ
ԴӽӦκ󣬻᳤ƺһֱܺá
ҲȺ߶Ϊʽ𷢳ܲ𣬶ˣأ
ӹӣĴһ
ָָͨҵ¥ݡ
᳤ȥңӦȥͼݿħˣ
ȻԸʺϵ᳤סͣÿ춼ðգ˹˹ĵҲᵱôĻ᳤
Բһ̾
뵱꣬ԸǱȻҪ𱬣Ҳ˻᳤Ϊ˹Ųò˺ܶࡣ
ʱ䶼ǽֻǹʽת𣿡
˵¶һ˿ǡ
֮ǰ˦ʱĴûжˡ
᳤õģǹʽôġ
óһ˱ݸ
һ۾ʱɵֱ
ôôô࣡
һи᳤ڣ᲻ҪǮһǸ᳤˵ǮûʲôãͶڹˡ
ЦŽ͵
˱ٴηĵĸ̾
ѡΪǹĴ᳤Ⱳǵľ
ո̾꣬Ϳͨҵ¥ݿڣ¶˽ӰæЦŻִк
һ᳤
кմһ룬˾񿴵һŵֱӴӰ̨
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÷˹ûԼߵ޷򣬹ŽѾŵŵŵܹȥĵͺͺĴš
ʱڴȾơ죬̽ĹħʿǣһʮССһǻ᳤ԴҲ˲侪°͡
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ȵĻսУ˿Щȥǿħôֱֱ˵Ѿħˮ԰֮
ϵħ˺ڶһ˲ȫʧӰ٣·һ㡣
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ڽҪߵ԰֮ǰʱһͷŷɫСëͷ׳ճɱ˹ˡ
ѻеSħʿɣոճûһ̵˴ĵȣȵĻ֮ʵ˲䱩ǡ
֮ǰ񣬾ֱӹҪӵʱͿռħĽȸɵ

״ͷûأֻ³һ֣ԭҪһɣԿʮٶȵ˻ȥȻص˵ϣһڽڵȸ˳
ԭոսʵһֱɢڣĻԳʥּǶԷűߵʵͬ
ȻոմЩħλSɣ̫Զ
SɾȻ˲䱻һ־ɱˣڳսħʿǣ԰֮β͵ħʿǶһ¡
ǿʵʵŷǳսSǰèȻô׾ͱɱˡ
ؼ˭ûп𵽵ʹʲôħҲûиܵǿħ
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˿ɲңСֵôʮ꣬ϸͿˣ
ŽһӣɪķҲûķѡ
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ǽ𸴻Լķˡ
ǣȴ̲סˣΪѾҡĸĵߡ
ֻҪ磬ʹħսʹħʵûйϵΪħӸϲʧֻתһ̬滹֡
ĳɳֻкôûл
27ħħˮһŲԼգͻõʧ27ħ
ϸ磬ͻȻ֣ʲôָ𣿡
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϶ܱʾԼ֪Ϊ֪ȡħҼܴ
Ȼʱ磬ҲĺͶԷϼأվͿ϶Ǵ򲻹ģҲߡ



߰ 밲Ľ

ȿȣָ̲ҵҪһСֵܣأҪҪ˭ԣֻҪҪ̫࣬Ҷֹ
ǻϣСֵЩħ飡
ɪķߵ԰֮ǰһ㣬̺27ħ԰֮˲飬Ϊħعˡ
ŰɪķĶûгֹ
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ҪħĻܸ㵽ħ취ɱЩС̫ˡ
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ȻɪķС񣬵ôҲǶԪвٿԽĵطͦ˼ġ
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¶ɯһƶϴʮֿɰٱȣٱȹ¶³šèŮȡ姬÷١
ҶǸɫз飬һڹ鼤
вŮħʿȫչʾվһ׼λȷյʤʱһʱ˵Ȼ̨
ңҲңҾʹһУҾıɣ
˹£֮һİŸգһɫĳȹŰȿߵ̨ǰ˱Ļڡ
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Ÿճ֣֪˹Ǿսˡ
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еļжУ˹ڶΪִS񣬲ûֳ⼸β˺ܶ³Ա˹ҲŸջ
ؼڵʵȷǿԤı͵ϮSҲУ˹˶ԼʵäĿš
Ÿգʲô
ڴһ㲻尬ŸͻȻҪʲôʱŸѾժ۾Ժ޷İ¶ɯ˷Լʯħ
գۼ䣬վһŵİ¶ɯ¶ʮλŮħʿȻȫʯʯͷ
Щͨڼ״ʱŵɢӳ˹ᡣ
Ÿóľ˫ʯħֻҪ۾ϣSħʿҲӹʯˡ
Ȼ΢עһ±۾ôʯħ޷Ч
¶ɯ䡢³š÷λħʿΪͬβİŸûκνģκһ˶ԵܰŸա
ȰöҪһǣ
ۼ¶ɯʯβħʿǶʱסˣҪǰƷŸգʯħ
ʱ˹ͻȻʯİ¶ɯԱߣв˶׼֡
еĸºͱϹ˹ޣҲ˹
¶ɯ˱ʯ˹ȫȵλ϶ûжһ¡
Ϊ֪βʵԳ֣˹˷ⳡβսܿͻᱻǿƽ



߰һʮ 

ϸһĿǰڳĽһߵħʿʵȥΪԭ޷ȫĽܶ÷˹
кųƾͨŽħħİٶ긽ħħĴʼ˰գְͨħʧħĶ᳤ϣ١
ԼȫSʵģԭħั᳤߾Ա
ǰԱʥʮħʿSİɱħʿԱ
ЩԭβԴȡ׵һħʿ
ԣոջ˹ڣܶڽ쵼µβħʿʵûһ֪
ˣ侲㣬үӣ
Ѿϵ˹ַ¶ͷϣ
ҪһϷϷݺܼ򵥣Ǿͨսѡǿߣδǿ쵼
ЩʯʣһҵϷôҾͻһʯҾ
ףͦ˼ģǾ㣬˹
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ȻЦûнͺȻȻֹΪıѾ˰¶ɯŭ
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¶ɯȻSӦҲܿԼ⿪ʯħοȫ⿪ˡ
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ǰյĸħȻԸ˸񡢸ò仯ħӷ룬κ쳣״ֱ̬ܡ
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ȻˣҾȫǵΪʣүӣѾڳϿտ˽ħǲҵϷŵľҪ
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ο䣬ȻŴ򹫻˳ȥ
״еŭҲȥ˲٣Ϊ֪нôǿħʿڣҲʲôΣ



߰һʮ ռս

ϲ˹Ϸȣ尡
ָǿȷ𣬴ŹȳԽˣһ˹ţ٤³͸׵˽
ƺ˹νвûзϣһҪ˹βǿħʿĳƺš
Ҳ϶˹ܷ
״ҪѣЦű졣
ѣѣ
ײڴſ
׺͹ȳ˴ţȺ٤³ݺݵײһεħǽϣȺС
ħǽҲ֮¶һƬ֣
ֹʮħʿ뿪ᣬֹʹκοռħ
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ͬʱҲþͨռħĽ޷ʹóĿռħ
ֹʮ꣬Ϊʲôˣ
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ٴηɻĹȺѵ
ȣܶ˵ˣ٤³ǴİǰģѾİٶˡ
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ڣ᳤ϣѾ»صᣬϣٿǰħĴʦڰʽȻҲмо
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ħǽɣ
ھͨŽħħϵħ۾ֻ廯ħ˺а״ֱ̬ӷٿ׵ħˮ
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˳ĳϷһ޴ħͶӰ˶Թۿⳡβħʿսʢ硣
ſ־ɣõģֻҪΣգһһʱơ
ͶӰ󣬽βħʿһŶ衣
ǺھռڿһλŵǳУһβǿħʿͷսʼˡ
˹սǾβ̫ˣҪΪ᳤ǿ̭ǿᡣ
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ڱΧŹſº󣬽һ˾ͷŵ˴󲿷βħʿʥʮĽ˸һֱûзֳʤ
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ͶӰϣΧ˹ʹķɣ
״ȴЦЦ
㿴ħûЧ˺ͬ飬ֻӲѣûҪˣӼSΪֲͺá



߰һʮ غµļƻ

ķֻҪͷ϶ΪˣͻܵǿĹ򹥻۵ʲôħ޷
ͷĲΪԷǵˡҪ˺ԷǷɵ˺㡣
˹ڷɺ󣬽¶ɯȵûһˣ˵Ŀڲһ˵ҪɱߣʵĸͲ˺βͬ顣
ԽȻҲûӦľ
֮󣬽β͹Ĵ᳤Ҫ˹κҲ˹»
ʵҲҲ᲻ÿ˹ֻ˹ЩˣΪ᳤òȥ
СӴֶѣûҪ档
ʱ᳤ϣ٣ҲΪ˹˵˻ԭսΪСӴ֡
˹պӣϣȻҲϣβ͹ᡣ
÷˹һŽܶһħΪռİ¶ɯ˼ʹ
˹ˣµжϣⳡʤǰ¶ɯ
ͶӰڵ˹ΪʩչɶڴħǱһǱŵˡ
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ȶս٤³Ȳʤ¶ɯս𣚣¶ɯʤ
սβ󲿷ħʿΪħľ˳˾ռ䣬ֻʣ°¶ɯͽ˻վš
Ϊʵʵʥʮʵħۺħ޴󣬶¶ɯΪβħʿѹơ
Լս˻װʱĵħ󲿷ʱǿǿ;Ľܵˣ־üֵ
ۣһȭٴ˽˶Թ
žռڱ¶ɯһȭɳȥĽܶһЦ˳
ԭռֻʣ°¶ɯͽʱ򣬰¶ɯȻóһڸ򵽵ջ֮
νջ֮ʵȤ¸ɵס
׶ǵãڽȻҪΪͻĶࡣ
ڿ¶ɯջ֮˾ͳκκûκεֿȻ󱻰¶ɯȫһȭŵˡ
ŮŮŮ
¶ɯӮʤйۿľȫԾΪ
ò˵Ǽջ֮˲Сá
˴۸βСѡβս󣬼ĵջħôҲʽʼ
ƻָƵβħʿǸչԼħÿķʽͷųŵǳħñݡ
ħôеβ᳤λô𣬽ʽΪβ͵Ĵ᳤

뿪ˣ
ʮ󣬽Źڴӱ¯βħʿǣêһʱ䣬˷Ŀռ֮š
һδԽȴʱֻʣ¼죬βĿҲﵽ
βС磬ԼĿռħûʹĹܣԲСǣܹβˢһνСʱ䡣
ʹ彫С綼һ飬֪СĿռ꣬ʧûһСǣҲԿԼħС硣
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ռţԼ֮ǰêʱ꣬ٴλصڻʺǶڡ
󣬽Լҵɳһ߿ŵӣһ˼δԼοٵʵ
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ֱһԷչԼڵһ취µĵ棬ɾͶԪ
ǵһֽ׵ķ
ڶ־СӣǸβĴһȲȥƺԼά磬ֱӿٵڶά磬ɾͶԪ
һڽ˵Ӽ򵥣һָսһָһ̡
ڵһַڶַȻӵļ򵥣ҲܸӿٵĽ׵Ԫ漶
ڵһ֣ڶַ׵ĶԪʵܾͻܴ
Ÿմﵽ漶ΪάĿ㹻Ǳ㹻δֻҪչһ棬ûн׶ԪһҲԴʮ񰲿ɪķĶԪ
˼ȥΪ˳ԶķչǲҪȡɣʵʵѡһַʵ׶Ԫϲߡ
ؼҪԼάڣٵ򣬹⿿Լ֪Ҫ²ɡ
ҲʱԶԵǸ̥ˣ
˼˰죬վûҪðһգҲðյıǮˡ



߰ٶʮ ¶Ը

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ڣڵڲһûоѵ̥
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Բں˹ӵƽİȫܺĸ׸εİȫ
ӹӹذף¶ãȻɫ
״û˵
㲻ҪֶԸɣ
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ѳĺذףεĽѵõԵܵܵĺ⡣
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ڳû͵ϮֱӱħһķذףݺݵĲ˽¡
¶ǶˣȻһͼı˪ӣȥ¶ɡ
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Ȼڱǹ֮ʱȻһƿԼ嵲һ
ӦʱѾҹ񽣴ؿһô˵ϡ

û뵽ƽʱôԼĵܵȻͦΪһ
ٵȵȣͷ͵ܲô񡣡
ۼ˴ɻûг֣ڿйۿ淢һС
¶ԸϣͨвֵܼĸңĿǰȻѾﵽԤڡ
ʱͰ¶ĽҲˡ
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ڵʵˣֻҪֿ콫ʱסʱٰ
ΪѣϣʵԸһ
ʵҲ㣬ֻǲ֪ΪʲôոЩܿƣ¿ҵ˰˹ӵµˡ
ϣԺܳΪһϸҪôױƭ
ѾˮĻ˵ԣ˫ۡ

һʹĴ̧ͷ͵Ŀ˶ĺ
״ǺЦ
ñˣһ㣬Ȼ˹ӵ£ʱֻҪ˶ͬ³
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ڵϣ˫۱棬Ҳ
ˣ
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߰ٶʮ 

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һԾ𣬱ڸվѵ֮񱩵׵˹ȥ
һӣʮҹͬʱȥҪǰһջ
ʱȻ֮ǰҪǿֻ̫࣬˫͵һļʮҹ񽣣˲䱻ǿǿдм䲦ߣû˵ֺ
䣡
Ǻֱӱʱȫǿ֮ݺݵ˳ȥ
ɺΪһжˣص߽ٴα˸е˵
޴ĵܵܰʵҲΪ˹µûĻԸ⽫λ㡭
Ҫ˵ĻҾҲһоȡ
ĻԭѾ۾·عⷵհ۾
㡭ţ
ٴۣʱ
Сص
Ҿ㲻뵽취ңٹһҲҪˡ
Ϊ˪һӣȻ˪˰Сܶ࣬ɲһı˪
һȷ͸ؿڣȴñ˪ı˪֮ס˿ڣһ
ԸոĻ˹ȥֻװѣôǿ϶򲻹װһ٣ԺҲΪ
ոһ£ʶΪȻ֮ͺˣװôһС
ֻû뵽ȻʵͻȻһ˺Ҫ˹ӵµλøȻټװˡ
ԣϴذ˹ӵƷʦҽ㣡
ԸϽҪٻʺţȻһĮȴ
е㱾£ϼһȣ̫Զ
ͷȥԭոձȫɵĺʱȻ˿ٴվѽĳ˹

źȻûʱɫһ䡣
Ҫˣװƶװˡ
εĳ˳죺
Ҹոʷ㿴ͷûеһ
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£Ҫˣ˵׵¼Ӷôʱ䣬ûʲôܰæ𣿰ˣҲˡ
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ѺǰǿĻȥɱʱв׵¼Ӷصķȥ
Ÿս·ȥġŶƵġĺǸıѲʦС
һ۾ȻһľԴ˵û뵽һ硣
Ϊ˵һԱʵǿѿɲ٣лһϹƷĴڡ
гϢҸ裬׵¼Ӷѧ衭So Beat ItJust Beat It
ڳĺȻ֮ǰǾ˵ԼݵżС
һһѧ̫ղһ߰ͳħ
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˸ħոһֱ¼ħȻ뾵ռ䣬ͨƵ
So Beat ItJust Beat ItءŶڽͨˣҪİæҵĽҪɱҡ
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һߣеħĻ赽ڵԭ򣬵ٳɣҹ񽣾ͳȥ
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׵¼Ӷصʦ
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ԺʣЦŵ˵ͷҲûȥ͡
ȱǽ΢˿ǱܣԶڽʵϿɵġ
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߰ٶʮ ô

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㽫̥ΪУȻԼĽָſ˰Լµ
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ϼǧǿ꣬߻̥ٺʲ



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˼ȥҪⱻ鷳Ҫȡ£ôǼ˾ͺҪˡ

Ӣ׶ϿգһֻèͷӥͨèͷӥԴ츳׶ϱߵһ˹ȥ
ӺǶ¥ĴǰͨһŮӣڸѧǽŹ̬ƽ֪ⷽʶ
Ůòʮ֪꣬Ȱ¶ǹԪǰ5000걻ɪķʮλ֮һɪ
ͳɳҪ㹻ǻڡ
ǷһֽɱЩʳߣֹʳ߹Ĳʳӻֵĳ֡
ѱ䣬ƣڽгΪǿʳߡ
Ϊ壬ڶԱ¯ȻƺʹԶ޷ݻĺϳ壬ȥɱ壬˳֡
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ɪе죬ȷʵʮλϲģҲǵӰɱµ塣
ԣΪԼһӴ壬ҲǽƻΪҪһ



߰ٶʮ ɪˮ

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һǰˮŴӲᵽ׶أԼʷڵݣΪһѧУڿʦ
ʱһɪС㣿
ɪ߳ʱһҸдԵȻĶ
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սʿͣһȫħʦǿߣֱóʱ䷨ͣ˰ɪķռʱ䡣
ļӳ֣ʱ䷨Լʩչʱǿ
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һ򷨣Ǽʶˣ
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߰ʮ ȫĽ

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ʵ϶ڽ˵ȫͳһռͬ򣬻һôǾǸ׺ͽָںϡ
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δ¶ҪԼŮˣҲԵĽָ翴и롣

ȴԴԽˣ
ҹʮ㣬ȴʾһʱ˹С磬Ȼڼס󣬿ԼĿռħһˡ
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һ֮ǰӦ˹˹ҪؼҳԷһҪһĴߡ
ħĴǳĺĦһĶԪ漰βĴǰɪķǹ綨ȻҲԼĴߡ
ſ֮ܲǰͰɪķһĴ߽һĹϵ໥һ¾顣
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ԽҲȷСĴʲô



߰ʮ ռʥٻ

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ԭΪ֣Щ¶ڽĺƺ½𣬲ŷСŽֹ
Ǳߵ°Ͷһ£ȨԼû
ǾͲλˡ
֪𲻴飬Ҳԭʧˡ
ձûãúͽһѹ̫ˣһñֱһٿɾ̫ˡ
ڵ֮ǹһһЩƼ£ȥ˳黨Ͽȡ
ƯĻ
˲ϿȱߣЩˮһɫ黨̲סһûƯĻ
Ժ뿴Ļٴ
źĵӣͷҲЦ
ôһֱڸ籼սΪԼҲΪԼҪɵԸ
ŤͷøжȻ촽Լ۾
ԱߣӰصһڷڵԼᡣ



߰ʮ һ

ҹʮ㣬ƸưɵķڣѾ˯ŵĺ֡
׼ŵԼʱƺȻ뵽ʲôֽٴαһӰΣʧ˷ڡ
иΡ
ҽСĽԼĴϣΪǺñӣͷĶͷһ£һתʧˡ
ʧ󣬺ۣ߬߬ȭͷ૵
ȥ֮ǰϴ˸裬һƯ·ľͷ
뿪ûлƸưɣֱӳ⣬µһͬ
װ˯Ȼ֪Ҳ֪Ҫʲô
СЩ嶯£ɲܲ£δʱ䳤ţҪôż

һº󣬽ʱ뿪˹磬ΪҪȥλħʦѧͽĿռ꣬˳㿴ܲҵǸĴһ¡
ףҪһµ磬ܽɲһ׵¡
Ⱥڰ֮ޱ޼ʣʲôûУһƬڰûоĿռ꣬ҪѰҵ磬һ궼һһ
һЩĴ񶼱ȽϾ裬ЩʵԼĻãʵԼǿģܵĻ϶׶༪١
Գ֮ǰɪķΪȲѣ˭뿪Լڵ磬ڰ֮Ʈ
ĵ漶ͶԪ漶άħҲ٣ȴûҪԼ뿪ȥڰ֮ŻĴ㡣
Ȼһֿѹ֪ĺڰ֮أУ¶һǲġ
һڰ֮Ŀռ꣬ʵķǳмֵ
ﲻò˵λߵǿӦ֪ܶںڰ֮꣬û취ͨṩȻȥ
ħʦѧͽĵһʱ䣬ɢԼǿϢϣ紴ע
Ȼȴ⣬Ĵûг֡
ֻʱѰҴĴڣûκ
Ѳ΢Щðյķʽֱӳϣħʦѧͽĺڰ֮ء
ħʦѧͽĹϵҲϵ̫;Ŵǣһ̫ϵ
ֻһ磬Ҳ˵Ϊ񶥶Ҳǵ漶ǴĽ׶Ρ
ⶼ֣ѵǡ
ħʦѧͽ磬ûиӦ˳֣жʱ˲²⡣
ԼĽָȡ£ֱӵϿգȻ˺ڶģʽ
Ȼ룬ħʦѧͽ˳ָ˽ȥλûг֡
ԣ͹һĴҪô뿪磬ҪôѾˣںڰ֮ء
ԭΪͬǿߣͻˣû񻹻Ų
֮ǰ磬λߣ뿪ûͲ²ǲѡħ磬ʵûдڵ硣
һôŪ̫Σա
Ҳã׵һ磡
ȻûҵµĴ˿õһµ磬Ȼһõ¡
ȫͬħʦѧͽ磬ʵֻвС
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µ磬ļƻлãõҲǶںڰ֮أںܶഴĶȫ£˽⡣
֮ǰͰɪķвٽ˽⵽һЩ
ɰɪķҲβĵһߣҲֻǸ絮ɳ룬ռ͸β硣
˽βߣѾɪķɱˡ
ִһĴǲƾճںڰ֮أһǴӸ߼ġ
֪ԭǸ߼磬ĸ磬𣿻߻᲻ԼǸ磿
ûҵħʦѧͽĴ񣬽磬ٴη硣
ֻܼϣһħ磬Ҳħ磬֪ħĴ϶ڣΪ٧Ӷ
֮ǰȥħʦѧͽ磬Щɵħ紴ʵ
ϾڲǰԼĵ󣬾ħĴ񣬼Ȼô磬ϵƽϵϴ졣
ʵԲһʼеô򵥣˵ʵڶԪ漶УҲǱȽǿĴڡ
ڵƸǶ֣¿˺ٻҲһΣյġ
صΪ绹ڷ٣뿪ѧһ£Խ㽫ӵ档
֮ǰǴӦ˹ͱҪԷ



߰ʮ ֩

һº󣬽𽫺ͻѾĲĹ硣
ΪڽҪѧˡ
Լк󣬽ûêʱ䣬ǽָкʱ䵥趨ʱͬ
֮ǰêʱ䣬һΪ˺ֹԼһ뿪Ǻܾã綼˽ָУʲôʱȥԡ
ҽʱʱͳһҲúÿ綼ʱѸС
Σ˹ǸоܾûȴþϴŦԼҲû̫á
һ棬ʱĽҪڻѧоħȻѾȫûҪ
רȥ˹̸ѧ飬˹Ȼǳ᲻ãͬˡ
Ϊ˹Ҳ֪Խڻ汭ϱֳʵħ֪ʶѧУѾûĸڿԽ̵
ȴڽˡ
ӽָгԼ壬ϴȥħʦѧͽһȴʱٴȥħˡ
ҵСѡѡħ磬롣
Ƭ̺󣬽ȵվԭأû˿ƶ
ô£ˣ
ִ;Ȼûпʼٴε˼ϵѡûκζ
ħŮӣԭλãʱ޷룬Ϊץȡ꣬ĵȴ
ϵһ˵ǲ˳顣
ѵϴ뿪ħλʹĶԪ·㵽λȥˣ
ħ⣬˽ļƻֵ磬Ҳڴ
Ȼĵʱ䣬ɻǡĵȴǼ֣ûиԽ硣
Щֹ
Ҫ֪֮ǰץȡʾʱϼ˽
ξȻ컹ûӦһ֪Ҫȼץȡµ磬²εͬɡ
ȷţǼҵĶԪƻ
Ȼ粻֪֮ץȡǽҲٵȥǽͼƻõĶԪ洩ճ̡
Ԫ棬ȥƽռ׳ԼĽָ棬֮ǰе뷨
ʱã뷨Ѿƣʵʩˡ
ͻȻðץȡһǰѾ׼жˡ

棬֮أ򸴳ܲ
Ѿȫ֮أ̲ס̾᲻ǿƼУҲǹӪţҲпҪСϡ
֮زǰôĻңÿ춼ڽ䣬ºܶ࿿֡͵Ĺ¶
ǱȻ˺ܶɫĻĴóг
ɯ˵ң
Ƶ֩սµС˵ãͷ˹
ΪǿصĳӢۣԼļҾˣҲѰɯĸ磬˵öڽǷǳ𾴵ġ
ô裬ֱӽ־Ϳԡ
תű˵ã¶͵Цݡ
㣬еҪæ֪ԸԸ
Ը⣬Ը⣬ҷǳԸ⣬˵Ҫʲôһɡ
Ҫæ˵æ˷ܵĵͷ
ܰﵽǿʦ𣬶ϸеı˵˵һôҵ¡
ãҪʲôֻҪվﲻС
ЦЦȻǰַڱ˵õļϣʼÿռ䷨;Ӧ
֮ǰħʦѧͽ˽⵽ϢĶԪкܶ࣬ϸĻһٶ档
ҪԽϣ棬ָ棬ڲ£һô׵¡
ԣҪҪһýȥλˡ
˵磬õýȻÿ綼еĳӢۡ
֩첩ʿӳȵȡ
ǽֲҪЩȽϸӵĵΪҪĿҪԼĽָ棬ȥǸάħ̫࣬ǾͲʡ
˼Ǿ֩Ϊýʡ
첩ʿΪý飬Ӧܽ벻ٵ棬Ǵ󲿷е첩ʿΪʦ͸άħǣ£鷳
Ըӳ֮࿪ĶԪ棬󲿷ֶ͸˹һ𣬶ҲǺ˽⡣
֩Ͳһˣܶ涼֩ȻһǱ˵ã֩ڵУ󲿷ǱȽϵġ
µĶЩѧҡ𲢵Ȱɷӵȵȡ
ĵڵѡ
ҾֻҪһֱվ𣿡
ŽִԼϣһ˵ҲҶֻЩԼܰʲôæ
ҵһˣ
͵ۣȻٵêʱ䣬ݸո׷ǵ΢ϵʩչռ䷨˲ԭʧˡ



߰ʮ һ֩

ʱ2004ꡣ
ŦԼͷץһŷڿеıֽʱעԼű²µԼĸ֩档
Žձ֩ӢۣʵϵĺȺ֮Ӣ۵Ϊ
һߵڰ׵Ļ棬һŽǶȷǳ֩ڿ˿Ƭ
˵ܲ٣ܲپ͵
սеĺŽձӽԱߵͰͿǰһ֩սµӰŰ˺ߵ˹
Ա˵Ϊý鶨λ棬Գֵλÿ϶֩˵жԶ
ȣȣȣ
ʱ·ߺȻһ󼱴ٵ
ԭ߰ͯΪͻȻܵ·룬ʱһʻ١
ڸ߿еı˵ȻҲע⵽⾪յһĻæеıӵһ̨ϣѸٳͯҪԮ
ճ嵽һ룬ͿһӰȻм䣬Ȼһһ˲ʧٳѾڰȫ·Աߡ
Ǹ˵ԱߣЩ˼ʵ
Ҹոա㡭
˵Ȼӵгǿ˿Ϊ֩ҧ˷˱죬ѧķΧڣǿѧԽ͵Ķ
ɸո˲ֺ˲ʧЩԽˡ
˵ñһѧѧԣǸ˸ոʲôҲѧĿƼƷ͡
ºԷʵȴֿտա
ǰ֩˵ãһԶ̨ϵǰ˺ÿռħ˲ƵУȻ΢Цŵ˹ȥ
ڿûʱѯЩһɾҪٵˡ
Ŷԣֻа˷ʱ䣬лл㣡
ѣ˵öʱ󾪣ԼʵٵղǮȥᱻϰ忪
ҲٹĽΪʲô˲ƣΪʲôƾսԼԶ¥̨ϵħһ䵽С
ӹһִ˿òŬԭٵĳԶĺȻʦ˹ȥ
Ӧǿ֩˰ɣ
ű˵õӰʧڸ¥֮䣬аԸ̾һ䡣
ûдԽǰϵеĵӰУ˱ͬȥĸһֻ汾֩
ʱѧ͸о˵̫ˣΪ˰̫Լʱ䣬һֱôƶ
ԼϲŮ˸ΪܲˣüΡ
Ƿǳ˵ãʱҪԺҲһƵˡ
ϧʵĺѣԼ֪Լ޷˵ԼֻҪһˣǾͿˡ
Ҳˡ
Ȱ°ɣ
ع󣬽˲Ƴڸ߿УչʮԳԼٶȣʼΧŵ
ĸĿģɲΪ֩Ҫе̫ϵָ档
ҪǰһĵǲǺ²һûʲôĴڡ

󣬵ٴγŦԼϿʱѾЦݡ
Ϊÿһ޲ľ̽飬еĵȷϣǸͨĵ
ﶼûоͷߡܾ֮֯ûпûзʦҲûάħڡ
ȻˣǾͿʼӡɣ
ȷԼĲ²⣬ħ䣬ǿħӿܿһг֣ٷ߿գȻʧˡ
֮ǰ³оħӡ
֮ǰħʦѧͽ粻һ൱еĽָһһ塣
ֱӽԼĽָС
ĵ̫ϵ壬ֻһֲ֣һĽָ档
ĹУͻΪû̫⣬ٽ̫ȥȻںλãҪһƬˡ
Ϊܹȫû˿Ľ룬ʹˡӡħ
ӡħҲܼ򵥣̫ϵвͣɢľӡ̫ϵеÿһ䡣
һֻҪӡͿֱһ̫ϵ뵽ԼĽָС
ֻҪȫӡ̫ϵҪһµʱ䡣
Ǿ͹һ2004ŦԼɣ
ʩչӡħ󣬽˲ƳŦԼͷϱһ׷ִ·Ȼڽͷ
ͬʱвͬɫ2004Ȼû2019귢Ҳһĵط
ҲͬĵںܶϸڷҲôһǴҲ磬ͬŦԼͬĽ
㷢ԭϤĵˡԭϰ壬ڳµϰ壬Ҳͦ˼



߰ʮ ħʦ

٣㣡
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Ťͷȥһб꣬ȥҲڶʮңһ۾ʮֵ˹ġ
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Цʵ
ͨϢѾֱ꣬֩Ҳı˵áˣûֱ˵
ҡʶֻǸоȽ졣
˵ø˵ʶȻǰһμԷʱԼ֩ս֩ݣĿڡ
Ϊĳ֣ʹ׼ʱʹ˱ûбϰ忪ʧǷѵõļְǷǳлԷġ
ֻȥȥ벻ףԷô˲ӣ͵䵽ԼУǺܲѧ
ҲΪǸħʦ㿴ҵıݡ
˵ЩΣҲûڶʱĸһ̨£ȻѺõ֡
ã𡤿ţԽҽ𡣡
ԣҿħǳ棬ҽб˵áˡ
˵øæֺͽһ¡
ʱлȻԭԷǸħʦһƺܽ͵ͨˡ
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˵ã㿴ƺҪμʲôҪġԼ᣿
´һ±˵ãűͷбϴ·ȻʲôƣҲ·һĴӣЩ
ʱߣ˵Ӧûϴѧĺ׾ݣԲʲôҪӦòĴ硣
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˵Ҳû˷ܵĽһʼǳʵ鷢ᡣ
ϵõֵܹͶʣѧʿأһѪоĺܼ
ֻҪʵ鷢ֳʵɹôͱضԻŵѧʷǡ
㲩ʿС̫Ǹʵ顣
ű˵õһ1䣬¾֪ôˡ
һСɪ¿ά˹ѧңͼѧԭ̫ӶԴԴΪṩ۵Դ
ϧʵʧܣ˿ɥʵУԼҲԭʵеֱƻ񾭣Ը䡣
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šȥĻҵԴһ𣬲ʱɲ˵
˵ԥһ£ǵ˵ͷ
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ҲΪѧʦ˹ںͰвʿѣֵܹǰ˹Ŷ³űȥֳιۡ
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ҲͬòֱԼ֡
Сħ˻ΪԼĸױ֩ɱ˵֩ݣ±˵û˵Ҳûкͱ˵÷ĿȻѡ
Լ̳˰˹ųΪ˸߸ϵĶ³ûпһֱƶı˵á
±ڻı˵ը˰˽Լ壬Ϊ˵õ˶Һ
Ȼ˱˵ãˣҲȫΪͬڸʱھͰ
ټԸͺһרһŮˡ
ǽȥɣٹ˸СʱʵҪʼˡ
￴һֱϵʱ䣬Žͱ˵İʵҴ¥ȥ
й³ڣȻΪѣ˶Ҫʾ뺯ͼ飬ֱӽ˴¥



߰ʮ ̫

ЩԱܣҪ𣿡
޴ʵڣææµµԵĹԱԱߵı˵ú͹ʵ
˵ڣ
˵¶˲ɫϣԱƺЩ̫ðɡ
Ҳһ£ܿͶԱߵһԱԸ
ȥܡ
Ŷô鷳Լˡ
һһɫıܱУȻһΣһ˲
Լһֽʣ˱˵ú͹
ȫĿýƾձܵı˵ú͹ʶĽӹܣȻ۾²ͣĴŽƺҪҳܵĵط
ְҵϰߣʵһͨСħǸոſġ
ЦЦȻʼ˱ܡ
ͱ˵ЩħʦǼöˣǱܻͷһΣؼǲǵſڸܵġ
ֻܸ̾ħʦħַ棬ԼһǸħʦ
Ŷݮζģܰζ
ҵɿζ
ͱ˵øһԼıܣ۾ʱһǴûԹôóԵıܡ
ȻǳԵڶڡڡĿʱȴֲԾˣΪÿһȥǲͬζȻûһظġ
ζܣ֡˹ƵƣһֲͬĿζ
Źͱ˵öеıܷЦŽһ䡣
Ե˵ͷ
ҳԹóԵıܣδԱܵʱһҪ֡
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ЦЦ
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ؼҲϡеԪأȫֻ25ҪлĴ
ӹĿ£нӹ۾˻Ŀʼť
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Űť̫ĻԪؽСܿԪؽСͿʼӦ仯һСۺ塣
ʿںϷӦɹﵽһߣ
СֺǱһֱʾʵ֣˾ϲ
ٴμĹƣεȸոҪֱܶ࣬һֱƺۺİУҲ¶˴Цݡ
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̫£Ȼ֪ôĻ̫Ϲҵǿһģһ֡
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߰ʮһ ˵ãҪȥ

ѧħıͬģֵֻʽһ
ΪħңԴ󲿷ֵʱ䶼רħѧҲԣǼ٣֮ǰΪоʦǿҪԵҲѧص֪ʶϵ
쿴һͲһεԪأ˸΢С̫Ȼ̫˺ܶ࣬ȷô߰˷ֵơ
ý𲻽һµ뷨
Ҫ֪һȫʺ深̫ܵ϶ǲɻȱһҪһ̫͵¶ԣһ׵¡
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֮ǰǿ̫ΪѾ֮ףŴĽԼʱ䡣
ħÿѧǰִ̫ļǲǾͿԴĽԼ̫ʱ䡣
ֻҪпڵļôͿñ佫ʵŴΪһ̫ĳ̫
νϡԪأҲ⣬ħתһ£ħ޹Ӧ
һֻҪһ̶̼Сʱ֮ڣһµ̫ͳˣ̫ڣֻҪſ˴Ϳˡ
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ĿǰȻռƻɹͨС֩ƽ棬Ҳʩչˡӡħûгʲô⡣
ʵûеһ̣˭˵᲻谭
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ĺһ˳δյĶˣҲ֤Ҳһ⡣
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ееۣǾȽ˹ܺ;޴ͬʱΪʵĹߣ滹ֲ˸ߡ
ԸںܷӦֳԺܻи졣
ŰжԺܻʱǺܾۺľȻĲôˡ
ȻڰΪԼҪɹʱȴͻȻ̫ʵȻ˲ĳһѺۡ
ԭͨĻ޷סܾۺԽԽǿ
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˵ߵԭʵλãſտҲĵ棬ڵ
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еһжˣԲ𣬹ͶʻĭЦ
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ʿҲȫ㣬ֻȫûϣ𣿡
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ֻɻҪ֪̫ǲĲС
ȱǮͶʰе˹̫ƻҲΪǮֻҪͨ˹̫ƻðȱ磬ǡ
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ͺ˵ãÿı˵òһ֩Ǻˣٳ⡣
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Ϊ˲ðɯԼ䣬һ㶼ǽɯԱߣŵǿƬ
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Ȼ˺ܶ꣬ȥܶ磬ܶ棬󲿷ʱ䶼оħоڸԼʵ·ϡ
еʱ򲻹ˣһ·羰ʲôġ
ưȥǶԽƸưɺͻĪ´ͷưɡɨưɣʮ־ɫľưɣǵһ
ҵˣмϣǸɫٱŮ
˹ʳָ̫ѨλãӦܿȷ˾ưڱ˵λá
ûԵ粨ɢǣ˹Ѱұ˵ķΧСǸư⻹ǲġ
ֻҪ˲Ҫ뿪ʼȷǸλ̫ԶǸλǼһ߹ĵطǲ˹ͱ϶ҵ
ȥкɣ
һʽľưɣҲоЩ棬ͷߵмӣԱ
˹ͰһЦҲ˽ߣҪơ
ҵһҿԺܴıˣԭƵҲ˺ܶࡣ



߰ʮ ޸

֣ȵ赸˵Щͷ
Ĺ󣬽ָоһЩֻ˵رϲֻ֮ǰûԿʼʱŸое˼
°ɣ
еİ˺Ͳ˹𿪿ѵ
˹Űʾһ£ЦŴӿڴͳмǸŮӻ˻Ρ
ŮӶʱ۾һŤˮһ欵Ķǰ
ƱӵĴ˧磬Ե˽赸Ŷ
Ů˵ʱ⽫˽ˡǸҧĺأƺڰʾʲô
Ǿȥᡣ
Խĸоﳳ֣ȥᰲһ̸Ҳá
Ůԣ϶ʱЦ˻һĲأưڵĴ˹ȥ
ͬͨİᣬǴɳɫưɰװονʮСڰһʺɫĴ󴲺Ա߰ڷ˸־ˮ
󴲶Ĳ͸ӵģ˵ǰ͸ӵġ
ڳŴĲȫԿгȴ﷢һС
ʱҲᵽʲôˣŮ˵ֻ˽赸
һһһǡüǮ
Ůӽ󣬱ߵ촲ǰȻŽ˿Ц
ˣ̸ɣھưǡ
죬Ůӵ񶪸˲˹Ͱˣ߳˰䡣
ûãھưɶ濧ȵȿȵĽ𣬾Ϳ˹ͰˣѾƤµǸŮ߳˾ưɡ
ɹˡ
״Ҳ߳˿ȵꡣ
Ůıˣʵܼ򵥣һλĹѾ㹻ˡ
һʱڣͲ˹˳ûڸУѰŷıˡ
пԸݻĺ˾кԼ˺˶ԼؽС꣬пԷĴѧ
Ȼڲ˹ͰΪһ˳ʱȴ˵һ¬
ôˣǿƺЩģûҵ𣿡
һҽͷСưɵſڣɫ̫õĲ˹Ͱˣ¶Щ졣
Ӿư̫ողûкһȥ
ҵˣǼһﲻԸǡ
˹ε̯̯֡
üͷٸưɣŵǸֿ״󺺣ʱ
þӦѧڲ˹Ա񣬿ҲѾ130꣬ϱսһս͵ڶս޸ˡ
㽲Ķô컨׹ӲԸǲԸ⣬ٱƱƾŪ㡣
Ĳ˹ûɥʧ޸˵塣
צǽģҸովͻˣ
﷢һߡ
ոҵںȾƵĿ꣬ǵĶ飬Էֱǹû˼Ȱ˵ֻĹצѾǵ°ʹ
޸ŶӦûǽղķ˹أ1832꣬ǿ˫ֳĹצɱ˵ˣмǿƲ֮
սʮַḻҾãٺúȡһ
޶鱨·˲˹Ͱˡ
õ޸ʱͼ˲˹Ķ飬ҲǷ˸ı䣬ôҡ
ʱɱԼ׸罣ݻһ𲻶ս̶ֱʷ޿˸ƭʵ顣
ɥʧŮûһģ껹ΪĽжʧɱ
ǵһңɷǡ
˹ʱӵ޸޸ĳǿսս飬ȻԽս𵽺ܴİ
޸ڻûбֲ밬Ͻ𣬻Ľǣ;սУ־һı˻治֡
Щ˵ȷǿ󣬵ûǿȥԦͨ˶ԽƷ
ĶԺܶ˵ľ˽⡣
˹Īζ
֮ÿγұˣҪܵŽһ𣬾Ϊܹھ˵һЩǲ֪ȴʮֹؼ鱨
һıȽϾõԭ򡣡
ʼ磬˸ںŪ˹ȥ
˹ǴˣҲû׷ʣŰٴν˾ưɡ
Ŀǰ˹Ӧֻܴ¶ȡ˵ҪȡԺļ䣬ҪַڶԷͷϲС
ԣող˹޸ʱ֪޸Ը;
ڣ޸ϵȫһ飬ѧʦĲ˹Ȼ֪ôķȥȰ˵޸ˡ
ȻڶʮӺ󣬽𿴵޸Ų˹Ͱˣһ߳˾ưɡ



߰ʮ 漣

ŵʲô
ֿƼ¥أЩ˹ʵ
˹ЦЦ
ƽȽкҴ㽫ǱѧУֻձѧԳΪѧУʦںսԼ
⡣
˵ͷ
ѧУĽʱ򣬾Ѿڲ˹˼ƻ
ò˵˹˻ͦ׼ģ޶һ׺ݵӣʵԼĵߣ˺޹ˡ
Ѿսɱ¾ϣƽ
һ뿪˵Ҫȥ磬֪ܲܳɹ
˹дЩڴ
޸ĸ޸ƵôǶԸо͸аˡ
Ȼȴҡҡͷ
Ȱ㻹Ǳ̫ˡ
޸ĸŽݻսûע밬Ͻ޸Ҫǿϼ֣ԸŰ߱ɱ˶Եܵа⣬ûʲô˵ĵߡ
ˣȻʺڲ˹Ķ顣
Ļ䣬Ƥ£ʴѩѵ޸ʹӴſ˹
ô
˹ǰʵ
޸ҡҡͷ
Ը뿪ӣҲԸƽǴһܣˣԺпһȥġ
ûϵҲԺˣҲһѡƽ
˹ʧȴδֳ
ʱһӰȻ˹
˹ҵеˣ
ŮعĪ
˹ŤͷһԵĽҪڣȴѾ͸˼Ľǰϡ
˼еҪȥŦԼһˣû취һ𡣡
ðɣ
ܾôɴ࣬˹ֻô޸ĪȥҰˡ
ڽ𣬲˹ʲôҪһһǴӽܱĳһЩǲ֪鱨һǽʵ
ȻĿǰΪֹƺûչֹԼʵĲ˹ѾӶ෽ϸУ˽ʵĲһ㡣
ȣȻܹ赲Ӧô˵Ӧ棬϶١
Σϴν˵ĺܴȴ׾ͽ˺ĵĻ޸ģǵڷı䣬ͿԿһֶԱ˻Ӱǿ
Σͬһ㣬Ѱұ˵ĹУûʱ˺Զ·ͰѾȴûһ
ҽ͸¶ƺ˺ܾãܲ޸С
һ㣬ҲǷǳϸڵһ㣬ǾֽÿóǮֽԵġȵʲôƾձġ
Ҳûз֣ΪǴӿڴǴʲôطǲעóģǿȴ֪Ǿǽƾձġ
²⣬ܻһֿռҪôǿռ䴢Ҫôǿռת

ǣͦѽ
ڲ˹ȥ־ֳ˶ץƻʱ˴¥󷽵ع
ʱˡĺЩıڿ񻶣չʾŸԵԺﻪʢٵͭ񶼱г롣
һ裬Ǹ˸µţ漣ΪҺͺ˴漣
ļֹ֣ͣͺ˼裬ܳ𷢳롣
Ҿһ£һ˹ǹɲ̫á
ûǰȥĶ裬ǡžĴһָ
ȻʼֵˣƻĻʢͭȼյĲƺѵĲǽ߰Ϣңʱ䵹ȫָʼģ
Ŷϵۣ⻹漣̫ˣ
Χı仯¼ıˣ̲סһ̾
˺Ķɴ۾Ҳûó
ǶΪȡţ
һжָ󣬽ƿ߽Ϣҡ
ڼ˵Ŀ񻶣ûʲô⣬Ƕʮ䣬ÿ쾡ܵĽԼء
ѵòأܺͬһףһʵҲûʲô
ǵģҽħŮҰޡ߶ʹǺǴġ˹ߣǾв˹Xڡ
ָµģɳϣһһǸո뵽š
ͦģŶ˹ˣϾˣ
˵ͷ·ʲôЦ
Ļûã˹ˡ޸Ī˱˲⣬ƺʲô
Щӻû׼ãҪѧϰѵ
ʵսѧϰѵЧãֲͨˡ
ҪԴڲ˹Ͱˣ˹ı˶죬Ҫִ
Ϊɱֳİȴͬ⣬ʵսõĳɳ;



߰ʮ ˹ĳǱ

ô
Ϣڣ۲µĲ˹Ͱˣһ˽
ָˡ
ҾãӦһԼ뷨
Ըμ񣡡
ĵ໥˿ȻͬĸԼĴ𰸡
ǶʮͣһֱصҲҪһ֤һԼ֤ǶмֵĴڡ
ϣǲڡ
˹˴ҵѡ
ʰԼСʱǳȥץФ
ףǺˣ
˼ķط䣬ԼҪĶеɳϣΪͳף
Сʱ󣬵˹ź˿ĳٷɻ뿪ʱҲʧ˻ڡ
ٴγʱѾŦԼĻʺ
֮ǰ˵ҪȥŦԼǹ˹ҪŦԼһˡ
ÿȥһµ棬رæĻȥŦԼʺһûй˹ɯڡ
еĻҲĻͻ뿪
ǵ̫õĻְæΪṩһЩ
˵ͬĹ˹ͰɯĹ˹Ͱɯǵ껹ͬģ˳ְһѣҲġ
˵Ҳʲô¡
󣬵ٴηػʱ˹Ѿִ񷵻أûץФץФұ۰׻ʺ
Ӱ׻ʺĿУ֪ʮµףФڼձȺʽʵкƽƻշսͨ˷ˡ
ڽͲ˹뿪죬ФҲͻϮֻء
ԭФĿģΪǰܻƻƻĲ˹ͰˣΪûҵĿ꣬ɱ˲عһݻ뿪ˡ
һٶҲ׼ŭֵи߲㣬ڲ˹б˵صĵصѵҲܿ׼ˡ
֪ȴûȥܡ
Щعֲѣ˾ˣФڻɱ˶ԷŰ͵ΣĽܷı䣬ʱӰ쵽ٵĳͲˡ
ĳֺһЩ϶ıһЩ˵δ纺ˡħŮ޸ӦФɱı˰
ЩֻǸˣʱڲʲôӰ졣
ФͲͬˣڳФǲӰ쵽˹Ͱ˶߲֪ùŰ͵Σʷ¼ֱʧ
ЧӦ˲ȫ
㲻һٸĸʶ٣ܵЧӦӰ죬ˣǾˡ

ôάĳƫԶ˽ǰ
˿Ǿ޴ĳǱ̲סźûѲ˹˸ۣ
ҵĺѲ˹˵ˮȵҺڻ治ף
ʱѡѵ˻ʱ˹ƵṩĶѵǼѡʹԼĵط
ֻû뵽£˿еķӣȻôһű֡;޴Ĳƺء
ĸҵŲ֮һʵٹס
˹ʼ硣
ΪӢᣬĿǰʣһˣ̳еŲʽһ𣬾󲿷ֵĸ
׼ǱʱȻ𣬳ǱϿա
Σ
ֻ˫һӣһĲԳǱΪģܷɢڽƬȫǺ󣬲Žɢ
ȻԷɣ
𷵻غ󣬰Ǿȡ
֮ǰʹĿе֪ƺŽƷ޸û뵽ֶ˸ˣ׻жǲ֪
㲻ҲԷɡ
ЦЦ
ԶʱǿԷɣΪƴųǴԭĿǰҲûȫա
ƽͷУԴһ
ڷк֮ǰӦ޸Ʒȿɲһ
ոʲô
ʱ˹ʵ
ڸ֪ոսͻȻɵǱϿգʲôԽ˽⣬𲻻ù
ΪҶƬʩչĳӰ£ֻھXˣܹǱ
ЩûX򣬻˵ӵ޷ѵXˣԶ޷Ǳһڿʱܵʹ뿪
򵥵˵һ£ոƬʩչħá
ʵϣʱ޸䣬ʩչǱϡ
䣬ҪЩûħͨˣ޸ĺħ䣬ǽʶħĳʶXԭ޲ͨ
ǵδѧУ֣ѧҲαץȥʵ飬øѧУӸ䣬Ӧ΢һ
δ١ٳҲѧУ̵һʱ䣬ȫҪעһµġ



߰ʮ Xսһս

㵽ж
˹̲ס˳飬ڻǿʳ˴ʱУ֪⡣
ʵһ֣ҳΪħ
һشҲûϸ˵㳯ǰĳǱ˹ȥ
ħ
ж¶ãɫǲ˵ġħʲô˼ָħһô𣿻ʲôĺ塣
߰ɣжվһߵġ
˹İ˵ļ򣬴ŴҸ˽Ĳ
Ȼ޷͸ȷһֱڰǣոʩչҲڱǺδıˡ
ͦãǲȵĳǱ
ڲ˹ĳǱڹһȦֻԼѧĻȣȶԣǾûȵĳǱһЩ
뵽˻ȣȻ뵽˺
ҲռһЩ֮󣬾͸ûȥͺˡ
ʱôƽ棬˲ٸӵԼͻȻ䣬ԼҲȷһŶ׷һļˡ
£˴󲿷ֵķ֮Ҫָ׵ԪҲҪܳһʱ䣬١ǧꡣ
ܲһֱȥêʱ䣬ҲҪһƣʱͣһ¡
㣬ĲСˣͲǰټȥôƽʱ䣬Ѿܴˡ
סĸѡ쿪ʼʽѵ
ڲ˹£ĵ˷ܵԼʼȥѡԼϲķ䡣

ʱһΣܿ͵ʮµס
⼸µʱ䣬бˣ˶ڲ˹İ£˲С
ǰ˽Ե粨ɢɹ˶ò˹Ѱұ˵ķΧӡ
ֻٻûг˹оַıϣҲûͨԵ粨ɢѰµıˡ
Ī磬ѾΣʱ̣˫սۼձȺФ±ض֣Ǹóˡ
ǱĵʵڣںͺоνԵ粨ɢ˹ɫص˽
Ǿͳɡ
һΣûѡ
Фڲ˹ǶǸУڽ˵Ǹǿ׳ϣºЧӦ̫ͳֽĨˡ
ȥһ£Ȼ󽫲˹Ͱ´ѧУҲͿʽˡ
١ٳ1963꣬һ£Ͳ֪ˣҪ˹ͰԺûѣδȥҡ
ûоܾ˹ıʱ˺ܶࡣ
Ӱ׻ʺ֪ФһԸͷһͶФ޷á
˵Ȼǿ˲٣ԿպͷźܵФʤɲ
𵽵жǿ֪Ͱǿ϶ģԸְæѹʱȥ˺ܶࡣ
б˶ƵսжĻأڵڶһ磬ĪĴ£ųս˼ձȺϿա
ʱձȺݣװһվսͻȻ뽢ӣӳ˹ȥ
սͻƽߣ߻䵼ʱս޷ֹˣ
Īڸʻ
˹ַԴϣֱӿԼӦ
̺ϵĴԱѾħȫɱڿƴʻФı
֪ФһʻźǱͧڸ˹ǿһվԱ䵼ұħʻսըˣԻĹϵ
ȻÿԷĺλǱͧλãͨȫİˣǱͧӺ˰УҪֱӽ
ıȻҲǳصģò˹˳ķɻͺǱͧһ׹˸Ļĵϣ߷˽
ФպܣͼͷȫĪϵ߾ǳ롣
ӷɻĲк˹Фͼ
Фң
֪ФǰĺǱͧڣûȲ˹񣬰˾ͷŭĳ˹ȥҪΪʧȥĸ׸
취ȥͷϵͷҲܰæ
ְ˳ȥ˹æŤͷ𣬶֪ʱѾһƮ˵Աߡ
æָħŮԱߣ޸ȼ˲ƵĺħͼȥæԸФ
ҿ
Ǳͧǰһֱ˺˺ǱͧʵĴţȥһʱص˺ܷӦװõĿء
ûк˷ӦպܵФҲֻôͷ˳
Ϊʲô

ФҪϴԣȴһ֣סФ˵
˺Ͳ˹ķĿФǰһϴ˲СãĿǰǽ뿴ĽҲθԭ



߰ʮ ʱչˡ

ԼȻʧȥ˵Ф˰Ľ
ΪڰʲôǳһǸڰǸİġ
ҲǺ⣬ֻһ־ƻԣҲ޷в
ͨ˵ˡ
˵ʵڰСӣǷǳ͵ģҰ˺ֻǷŲǵС
ɱ˵ĸףΪ˰˸õľ˾Ȼ޷ģԡ
ȥ
Ф˲䣬˷·ֻĸ׵Ѫеĳŭƴųȫ汬
ҺǱͧϵĽ׷ԭλãɱФڵķ˹ȥ
ФһˣôӭģǱ⴮Ľ֣ϧǡ
ۼЩĽϮФ¶һ˿мЦݡ
˲٣̫Զ
ʱФȻûȫǱͧڵĺܣҲ˴룬ʵΪ۷ʱ̡
ֻǰһƣڶʱͷųһεЩϮĽȫķ顣
׺ǱͧҲǹǿನֱ𿪣¶˵Ŀ¡
Ȼ̧Ӧİǰֳһ㣬ǱײһѪݺݵĳźĽ˹ȥ
˵޷˵ФѾɱģȽɱټļƻ
ȻȻеô˳
ΪΪԼһɱˣԼǸͷžıʱⷢˡ
Ǹ޷˵ıˣȻɾͽס˰ˣŲûƶֺ
ֻͦݣ
סײԼİˣͷѾ飬ȫλǱ˻ȳǿһЩڹѾˡ
ˣ
ͬʱΪǱͧɢܣսսĲ˹ˣҲߵ龰볯߳˹
ħͼһһıˣκβ˹Ǳ˶ڣп˱ΧŹû
ôˣ
˹һϢİˣʵ
𽫰˷£˵
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˵ֻʣӣһȡǻ۵Ĳ˹ۿһӾͺ
µദ˹Ѿ˵һõѺ֪
ӣ
ԼѪȾ˫֣ѵץס˹·Ҫ˵ʺ󣬻۾
ԭΪԼ󣬾ǵҲӦòФ١
ȴû뵽ڵФΪ˴ĺʵһоͽˡ
Ѿжϳ˹˾֣Ҳûʤ㣬Ф̫ǿˣ
౬սⷽ氣˸ͲģɱФҪΪ˸𣬶࣬ΪΪ˹ѣФҲ
ˣ
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˵ֲôĸ𡣡
㲻˵ֻʣˣ
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ЦЦ
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Ȼ
ȫָİˣǱߵФɴ۾
ܹ֮˼ܾȫָǲЩ̫Υˡ
Ƿһ
˫֣ɫ֣ص˵
ǽովˣѾоԼҪ뿪壬һǣ
ڿɲиʱ򣡡
սḻ޸ٴФצһȵĳ˳ȥ
˼״ҲʼФ˸ֽĪγԼǹФһ
κΣФǿκϵĶܺܵȵȡ
޸ġĺͺ˵ĽɱФЧߺʹԶҲͬᱻФա
Ф㽫ӹյˡ
취ȥͷ
ʱһֱվڽԱߵĲ˹ҵд
ΨһܿסФľǲ˹ֻҪȥФͷǸͷ˹þסФ
ʱĪȥɱФ
ô鷳ǽҰɡ
ʱǱӴĽ֪ʱѾ࣬ǰֶ׼Ф
ʱչˣ



߰ʮ ʩ

Ĺԣ
ŵħ˲Фͷɫݺݵĺϡ
ûõģЧ
ɫУФϲԼ󣬷ͷǱȺܻҪǿ
ոհ˴ԼպܵļƻڵϵརӣھȻô˹
ȥֻԽԽǿ
֪
·ФĵĶף¶һЦ˲ʮ
ФȷܹһӹȥҲᱻֱӵյڣκá
ǣΪһˣЧ޵ġ
Ϊʲôֱ˵պܣרŽһǱͧԼΪ滺ķʽȥպܡ
Ϊܱը̫ǿ޷ôһա
һ˲佫еĺȫգʣĺܣͻὫȫݻ١
޸֮޷Ф˺ΪǲﲻФޣҲˡ
ɽԲͬǿ˶Ҫ˵Ĵħ
ȫ䱬һǷַӵ¡
ȻԸФȫãǰֱ˲ԣʱȡйͲФܳܵˡ
ôܣ
ȻǿʮФԭϲ˲䣬ֱӱյ˵ϡ
䣡

һ죬ǿ󵽿µФôɢ˾ŵħµУҲû˴ڵĺۼ
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ٶֻǸܣҲױƷж¶֪ΪԼҲѾ˺ܾá
èŮᵽԼϹٶеһ
ڼңҲΰλƯǧһ𡣡
ǿ治ɣ֪ǵ黯Ʒž綾ɷλãһȴֻһЩۡ
èŮһ˦ٶеĸ߶˴ɣȻ˹ȥץס˫֣ǿƽ䰴˴ϡ
״ûг֣һԾҵɳϣſﾲĹ
ٶȻΪͿ黯ױƷȫ죬ҲͷǿʵǴ򲻹èŮģҲõġ



߰پʮһ 

ŶҪô³ȻΪӣӦñףʱ˵ȷʮֹ֡
ڷǴƵ7520䣬ȥĿĻҲץԵĻҵֻƬÿԽɱĻ
ԭҪٶèŮȻҪε鷳ʱһԹèŮ͸¶ε١
ԼϹΣȻҵھȻ˸Ҫ鷳ģ͵ôܹ
èŮɱãɱֻҪֻҲ취εߵèŮϡ
ºèŮ˵黯ױƷжһɱ˷Ļ˭ţ
˵ôһҵĹأɲǳصġ
㻹һƬ㲻һлõϡ
èŮٶôʵټ֮ǰڹ˾ʱٶ˵ǱŹԱϵǸֻ𣬲ԼĿǰ
߰ɣ
èǰèŮſɳϵĽк
Ȼȴû
һʱƿԼϹλã˭һʮˣûô򵥣ո˵Ĵ󲿷ֶǼٻƭ㡣
βıǣҪɱΣȻǮ
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ԭèŮȥٶǸЦݣ𾪡
èŮһװ񾭲ֱȽϺһЩе⡣
ֻſɳϵèȻ˵һﻰȫ˵˳ɾǼˡ
ڽĻèŮȻʮֵΣԶ˵תͳ˹ȥ
ŭСҰèǷǳΣյġ
ȻֻܰǶɱˣ
ٶѾ¶¶׺ݵɫҲװԹǺèŮŤ
֪ĺ֢ٶûзʹãҲû뷽跨ȥƣӱʹãԼƤıʯͷҪӲ
ΪҪΣҪȨͽǮֻбĸǿ󣬲ܻһС
èŮٶȡͷӦԶˣٶǶ֣ӲƤʧȥʹ񾭣޾幥
һʱ䣬˻ʹ˸൱
ڽſ￴ŮŤ˿ûȥæ˼
һ֪èŮ䣬׸ֶȻԶˬ
ҪèŮһֱûпæ
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һٶԼվèŮĶ֣ȻƤӲûôӲһֱܵèŮԽ˵ػͦܵġ
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ڶ¥ֱˤȥҲˣܵϣèŮȻ޷׷ɱˡ
Ȼ뷨ãȴǱ߻һֻ˵ֵè
ѾһɳʱͻȻƮ
ӵķά
ԭǽ𲻻Ųæĸ˸Ư䡣
ҪƮٶôصˣڽ˵ͦħģֲǳʱƯֻҪݵֹܾС
ȻǱ߷ӦèŮһ˦ٶסȻݺݵק˻ȥ
Сʱ
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Ĳɱ
ٶվèŮĶ֣Ӹס˿ķϡ
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ҾýУҲһЩ
ⳡսѾèŮй˻еĳޣҹ˼ԼദĶҲһλ죬Ƿɱˡ
Դ˵ҲνٶּνδӼӳˣҲв
ǣèŮ޵֤ݣԼסٶһӵ˾ſڡ
ԭҪٶпʵ֤ݲǼ׵£ϾһҲǸˣȫ񾭻ûʹ
ڣԶġ
Ϊħԭ򣬶ȸߵħòԾΪĶǿõġ
ԲùٶشֻҪèŮѯʣֱӴٶ֪𰸡
գٶα黯ױƷжϢ˱ֽͷϡ
ٶڹеèŮͻ˵èþһΪͿж黯ױƷʱ̫񾭣ӡ
󣬽Ϊ鼯ŻȡСǶתħȫգ˫ۡ
ȹһˣ
βһ˦һ³ħںϹèϡ
󣬸ħͷ򱻽һһ䵽
޷һ棬ΪָһЩħһװ汾棬⻹ǲġ
װз򣬾еСֻʮƽס
ûϵħҲ󲻻Ľָ١



߰پʮ ǰ̷

κĳ꣬һèֵܽã뵽ԼϵУȻһʲƵǮƣӰ뿪˳ꡣ
黯ױƷ¼ħǻָһЩʹûӰεȸ߼ħѾ⣬ֻ˲Ƶ̫ԶףԶħͲˡ
֮ԽèֻСèһΪ棬ǡҪ뿪κǰ̷ˡ
κǳ鼯ţûʲôҵΰҲܲʺϰٻָʵ
Ծڷ֮䣬ܿ»صèŮǼ乫ԢԢڣ̲ס졣
յģ£
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ȻʶһڣҲһ𣬵һ򿪷ţһ㶼Ƚ㣬˾Ϳʼû˿ܾɢˡ
èŮû֮ǰֱȽϱصķ񣬴ѧڼҲֹһѡ
һ㣬ͱȽϲӢˣΪˣӢⷽĻҪغܶ࣬ŻԺкøС
һҪͣغͿŶûдһص˺һŵˣע޷һġ
һŵ§§׸£û¾ưƤҲûʲôһص˵һǿ϶޷ܡ
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Ϊռķ֮ѾռɣָĴڸٷչ׳Խ𷴶˽󲿷־ڷֻ
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DCһ磬DC߹˶ãǱ߾ͻãDCߴ꣬ǱߺҲͱҵˡ
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ڷ˰Сʱ󣬼ķ뿪Ԣ´Ӵ˷䡣
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ҲǣèӰ죬èŮԸȷʺȥһѣ⼸ʱèŮÿϿûȥ͵ԡ
Ȼ͵ĶΪʵĸ̣ΪڷԶϿɵģǷɵάߡ

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𣬲֪ΪʲôеĵһۣҾ;õӦûܰ
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ԭҪһֱɻ䣬̫˷ħˣԻñèͼ֤
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èŮҪȥٸƶ͵Ŀ֣ҪȥЩﷸ׬ȡСתħ
һһèҹĻٺ󣬿ʼ˸Եһζڸ̷֮ǵ̽



߰پʮ 

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ʱڸ̷ĸ߿УһС۾֣۾м仹иɫʮ֡
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ĿǰʵûлָŪһô۾۲쵽̷еôҲˡ
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¥һԾ£ڸķϣںҹлһ磬è俪ʼΪ̷ɨڰ
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ҪЩﷸͨˣҪôǿħͿԸ㶨һֻè䣬Щ˾㿴Ҳо衣
Խˣ
һʮ¼ջСǺ󣬽鿴һڵħ̡
̷һ죬Чͦ⡣
ٶȥһʱ䣬Ӧþָܻ츸츸ʵͲȥˡ
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Զ׼˭ܵҲ˭˰ǹܺ͸̷еĺڰԡ
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βͣʩչħԱ䳤ս
צӣҪʱԱ䳤ʮףÿһ涼ӡˡ綾͡Ӳħġ
ħľħèһҲĶ֡
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ѵʲôʵҳıè



߰پʮ 㲻

˵ֻè˵Ҳ
ǵɵϴ۾̲ס˸Ц
³˹ΤǸ̷ǮĻӣﷸ
ڲ³˹˰ɣﻹͦ͵ġ
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ֻǸͨˣûʲô
͹ͣԲ³˹Ͽɣɱ˵ԭ
Ȼ֪ǲ³˹Լɱ˺󣬻ɥʧߣΪ̷ﷸҲΪסе塣
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ʱ򲻹⺦ΧҲһܵۡ
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ս뷿䣬èŮ˷ܵĴ
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֪ΪʲôԴӱèʱͲϲʵɳϣϲɶûеָ
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߰پʮ ɱ˿

ҪҪһȥ֣
峿ױõèŮСֽĽʵ
̧ͷǾ̾èӽǿ˵ȷвͬȻҡҡͷܾˡ
ȥɣҪ
СתħǸʡʱ䣬תͺĸǿԼչҪԼʱŪ
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ոջˮǹͺɳ̲׷档
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һȥɧĽ𣬱ħ˷һҹ޷˵
ӦèŮ뿪һһ߽ٴγ뵽ǰè
֮ǰֻǴԵһ棬ܶණƣһпվͻȥһЩ
һЩľֲЩ̬ϵȵȡ
Ҫǣһǻ塣
ȻΪܹҲһٶƽܴôǻ壬̫ħҲû취չ
ҪǻֻϴС
һ㣬ǿԽ֮ǰںǾʱֵĳ塣
ǵֻϴСҲʮƽףȴչ˹ҺͷǳȽļ˼
ʱץһЩоǵĻʮ˽⣬븴ƳҲѡ
ΪʲôҪǻ壬⵱ȻҲָħϢϢصϵ
ħô죬Ӷ˲ֶķħǣܴһҲΪħ
ָԽԽ࣬ħҲԽ࣬յϢҲԽ࣬ħٶȻͱʮǿֲˡ
ȻŸո𲽣Ϊ֮ǰľ飬ȫȴһϴСǻ壬֮ǰĲ
ýֻèһ£ʱûչȱǸˡ
ڵлèֵܽãΪ껨èƷ֣ЩСèǿǻԾĺܡ
ȡʩһ£մСɲǵĶ֡
ħϽһΪһֻèһΪ֮ء

ҹ٣èŮƤСƤ޳ȥѰģҲſʼһֵ׬ȡС֮·
ոɵһڰﹴĸ߹٣ö䷸֤ʬϣͿһ˻ڴ⡣
̷֮ԳΪһֱ޷ɨ֮ǣľĻ˶࣬ҪԭһЩ߲ĸܡ
ΪʲôַŽֹΪǶһЩʱ͹Աйᡣ
ֻҪ棬ΪðյĺҵҺ͹ԱǸ̷Զ޷ɵĺƽãԶһ̲ʺ
Ƕڽ˵ЩﷸĻĺ֣ҵҺ͸߹٣ǡܹṩСǡ
ɲ˼ʲô߹١ʲô塢ʵôǿȵȣﶼϣṩСǵĲԴ
ֹһЩʱҲö˳ҵǱĲ߸ƲãССҪЧʡ
Ψһһ㣬У³˹ų
Ҳ󣬵ֲ³˹ֱӾһи佫ָȲ³˹ҹʱѾȥһطˡ
һɱһڣ˻ȡ˴СǣʵҲԵĻָ
ֻɾͿһֱ׷Ĳ³˹ľѸǡ

ҹ̷оִ¥¥ǽĴ˿ٻơ
̷вУһֱûƽַУһҲ̫ƽˡ
һʮĴܶʯ鱦ߣĿ߳ƣǴΪʮҵŮԣƤ´ֵèͷס
ҳΪèŮ
ǡèŮĳ֣ǻʲôЩʯ鱦ѣЩ岻ǮֳѹҲûô
ǣһڻһɱ˿ħ
̷еĺܶڰӺǵͷĿԼһЩӵﷸȵȣȫԸַʽɱÿȥϻһдŹе顣
ؼǺڰӣһЩʮֲҵҺ͸߹٣Ҳɱ˼С
˵µЩ֤ȫģΪȴŭ̷еĸ߲㣬ǷеĹϵʩѹ֣ǽ֡
ǵĻ˵ЩȻҲӦýܷɵУӦñֱɱɱ˾ΥǷҪץ鰸
ֻǴﷸɱˣǻܽܣⲻ֪ײУ̷оݲ



߰پʮ Ϯƻ

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㻹һӰȥ١
˲䣬΢΢˿
Դ̷ֺеȷ˲ٵĸı䣬ٺܶڰﶼһЩҲʱҵæ
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³˹øııֱ˵
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ʼʱ˻ĵһЩ棬ɴ˻ҲԷټˡ
ڣ׵µİͨһЩҵֻè֮ء
ԭǴԹȥڰ·ÿһ¾Ⱥ͸ߴкһ£һЩ
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ΪʲôҪèʿѵǸèŮһˣ
һǸоԼƺѾҵ˴𰸣èŮɱ¼ֵʱ࣬һֱҲʲôϵ
Ȼ沼³˹ȴʮּᶨҡҡͷ
ǣΪһֻèһֻ˵ɡħ껨è
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ǰһһȥѶԷ⾯¥ȥ
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˵һֻ߱èȻ˲ٿɱˣܹ΢һЩ
һۿ뷨Ĳ³˹Ҳ˷ѿֱͣӴóһСͲԼһֻèԼ˻ĵèɱ˵Ƶ˳
ȻԼèȻ򵰵ػ棬Ѿɾˡ
ǿŲһĻĻ棬ҲǽŴ¶˻ı顣
û뵽治ǿЦɱֻľô׵һֻè
Ƶ󣬸ǻ˺һ̧ͷʵ
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һǰһҴκǷ̷еĺ࣬ɻһư˿˹ŮЯһֻ껨è뾳
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ҵĽǣȿƳǣȻͨ
³˹֪èʵȿסèӣôһ̸вɹǶֻèĶ֡
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ãʲôƻһж
ǶǷǳεģֱƶƻžԱж
˵ͷ
ϣôʤҪܶˣҵļƻȻ

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ʵѾָ˺ܶ࣬ȻܿʹûӰΣڸ̷ǲѾġ
ҲΪʲô죬³˹˻Ĳĸԭ
Ҫ÷ȥܶʱĿֱӻӰιȥȻһħ㶨ٻӰ뿪Ϳԡ
û뵽ҵ
һصƵ귿䣬ѾָٵĽ𣬾͸Ӧ˷ľ죬Լ¥



߰پʮ սèŮ

𣬽ҷ˺ܶҪץס𣿡
ȽһؾƵèŮ֣ԼСƤޣ·û˷ܹܵС˵
ȻûнǱ״ﻹҪǿľèϴĵ͸֪Ҳõ˴ȵ
ԸջصķûãͲЩĴڡ
󣬻һֻ𣬲ᣬʲô
ϣƽĻһ䡣
һǰܻҪСһЩڣЩŻͲ̹˹һ˿в
ڽèŮ˵ʱʮԱ¥ݿڵĸǣҲһ߿еʾһöԽ˵
ĿһšѾǷж
ԭϺüƻ󣬽ϸǾѾþľԱЯṩ˾Ƶڡ
ͨ˻ȷû˺Ǳڷڰװ˼أȴһһè
ж
ԽĻӦǻ˻֣СèŮڵķ˹ȥ
ˣ

˭
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ͷ񣬷ķ·һЩȫҪʱȥϢǱǸˣ
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βһ˦Զ򿪣Ȼ¶һ϶
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ǿʾĳ΢΢ü·˽źš
ԭҪڶԷŵɲǷû뵽ԷûƶžȻԶˣ˵ֻèħҲֻǿˡ
ž
űݺ߿ȻʮԲԲһ׼˽èŮԱߣ

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ԭϸֱһ£Ⲣʲôǻèɡľޤ١̶Ӳݸʹ߼
ǰÿһֶǿè˷ܺͲþĲϣȻΪ˶Ըֻèר׼ġ
֪³˹ûܣð͸Сèʵ顣
û뵽ڻԸ˿˵УȻԸԼˡ
ܾ֮ǰԼڻѧʱΪϲ˿ץЩ£ҡҡͷβһɨʹħЩ˲ӳ˴⡣
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ĲӵΪṩĵǹʮǿĵס͵εˡ
Χܴ󣬷ǳʺϲ׽èһжݵĶ
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ʵԽڻָʵһȫӰ䣬սҲˣշֽЧʵֲϷõЧʣȻҲûˡ
ھԵʵǰǲħһЩԭҲԵֵ
ûҪֲɱ
֪ҪǰõսҪ㣬ЩҶûУð׷Ļˡ
ˣһֱûиҵ֣ҽн𣡡
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βһ˦ӳһ䣬ǶǶǱεĸǺһȺԱ
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Сʱ󣬲³˹Щ૵
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磬кܶ޷ܡ



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ϴβ³˹͸Ǽ˵Ϯֹڡڲ³˹ƺͨʲôûٳֹɱˡ
ֻһֱͨΤӴľʵø̷еľãΪ̫Ҫ־ô¡
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绹Ǳèж̸ֲͽ飬̽ʵʲô̬ν
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ͷСҲڼǶ£Ȼ󱻹ؽ˰ķԺ
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ڰ˰һ ˸֮

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ԭǴλֱҵ˵λãκֶԷһֱƶ޷׼ȷĽжλ
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ǰǶԷҪΧĿƶͺѶλ
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Ƭ̺󣬷Ŵ򿪣һʮϸɻĳǰ
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طˣãһĶӿˣڼ𣿡
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ط˺˿˿¶˿Ȼֿ˿𣬽ոյĻشٴظһ顣
˲ڣ¶˿طѯ˿Сʱľط˶ԴԵʮ־裬˵ֱӽŹˡ
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¶˿ܵľӰ죬Լľ˵˳
ԭһǰܵô룬ǰĳرһھֵǰǱˮͧš
һҾ޴ɴĻˡȻ˳־ͻػؿŷɴ뿪ˡ
ºɴĴڣֹ£ص糤Ҳû֤ΪɣǷɴı
㰵ԼĹϵҵڿ˵˿һ·׷Ѱ˿˵ϼңҪеࡣ
¶˿˵󣬽ǸԼDCĸˡ
ڰճߵľ飬ǵӰ˸֮ľ飬ϵһ𣬾ǵӰˡ
ҵʵӦúָܻܿˡ
֪ǵӰڵ棬뵽ĸк͵ķʽ
ɶǿ̺ͼеķյ棬ôʵȻָܻ롣
Ȼ˵ʵôǿҲָܻ뵥漶ǿȡ
ĸʲô߿ƼĽᾧԽ泬Զ봫ͣӵ޾
Ըıһ֪Σաʵķӽṹ
ΪʲôԸԭĸʷӽṹĹܡ
ÿѧķʽͣĸӵлָӼ໥õƷݱջ٣ݵȻڣֻɷݵӱɻҽӡ
ĸʷӽṹǽҽ±ɷӡ
ڵķʽǱĸлҪֲĴڣֻҪ˷ʽͿԿ־
ûôںϽ棬ҪٻָЩʵõҲ޷ƿء



ڰ˰ ħ

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׸ոԼô£ħһǰʮֵΣȻʱľ͵Ľȫ˵˳
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ٴγʱѾĪСĹǰ
Ȼ֪ڵȻҲ֪ӦôӱĹؼȥɭء
Ŷϵۣʲô
¶˿ֻоǰһΧĻȻʹٴξ
ʱǱڶĹǰĿҲת˹
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Ѿϳźɫ·ĽŮ촳ɴߡ
¶˿ŤͷˣԭľҲת˾ϲ
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㲻ӦңҲӦھҵĹ£ڵ磬û׼֪ҵĴڡ
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ӱ˷ɴУѾ֪ԼʮĵԼС˼롣
ĴڣһǻӭпǺºż
ǾˣҲһֱԼݣñ˷֡
زסģ˻ĵƬµס㲻پˣƺѡ񡣡
¶˿Ȼô
ҡҡͷȻĿתһֱվǿֵĽ
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ԷֻһͨˣҲǺ⡣
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ҲʶҵʱſڣȻֵֶ˵Ĺº󣬾ʹ৵һ³
ûͣ¶˿һ˵˵ĵվ˿˵
׷ʱֿһֱھˣһˣɶǰǸһͲ֪Էûˡ
ԣüͷ΢΢
״̧ʾ˷ɣ
Ҫôңûж⡣ҽһ£ҽн𡤿ţһħʦĻֻҵħԤԵһЩ飬Ҫȷһ¡
ħʦħ
¶˿ϲ˼ı顣
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Ȼ¶˿С㣬ûеô򵥣ħʦи顢ħʹǹˣڵҲֻǿһ
Ϊֶ֤Աߵһʯͷͷ˱䣬һֻɫС
˺¶˿ڵķɫСʱԭء
λħʦʲô𣿡
ع󣬿ٴʵ
ʮ꣬ȻСڳˣ֪ϻǵ֪Ҳ֪Լ
ھȻһħʦҵЩ±ơ
ո˵ԤԵ򽫻һʮشΣⳡΣĸԴ㣬Թ˹
ɷнµĻص
ΣԴңħʦҾӦŪˣȻˣһֱڵ򳤴
ҵĵڶ磬ҲΨһĹ磬ֻҵ˺
Ϊ˵ǸΣæڽ
Աߵ¶˿ҲŰǻ
ҿ֤һֱڰ࣬к֤ܶݡ
ԭҲΪΣҾòǣӦÿܺйأҲ޷ȷʲô
ںߣȴʮĽһ澵ӵݸ˿ˡ
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ħˣֱһӰʧԭأ¿˺¶˿
ҪָںĸкͷʽʵǾͿ϶ҪôСתħ½Ĳ£ǸСԴ
½Ĳ볬һҲˣΪҪ𷢶ѱ䣬˻ӰشĿǻ
ǳΪؽŲҵ˵ҪӿõĻ౦䡣
ȻԻΪۣɵڶǡ
ԽЩ˸СǣԲǸ̷ССֿԱġ
Ȼ˵ʵ͸̷ﷸͬһ
ڣûǴĻ˵ħôͿֵĻӦò̫



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̷ʼҴƵķڣӰ˲֡
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ǽ𰡣ǻûڷ䣬ټЩ鲻Խԡû뵽Ŀͬһ࣡
èŮһ߽һ߾̾
Ǳ߲³˹¶һζò΢ЦͬʱٵĽԼ·´
û취ոЩˣûס
״ҡҡͷ
ˣôżһԼһʵǺǴк̷߻ⲻҪ뿪һʱ䣬ͽˡ
˵ǰ׼õħӸèŮͲ³˹
ʵʲô˵£ħϵңֻҪҵ־ͿԣڵĻһ㶼յ
̷½ˣȻλҪҲǺèŮ𣬱ϾҲڴһʱˣôһ˿ڵġ
Ҫ뿪èŮűǰ¶˲飬ڸԸѵԣǳټ
ʲôʱ
èŮ˵ҲǸĴڣһֱߣ˳𣬺һ˸̷
ҽֹҹȥ͵ԣȥ񻶡
ȻҹɸģصƵ귿Ҳǻϼ䣬һߣһλ֪
ʱȷʱһ㡣
΢΢һ»ص
ʵϣĲٻظ̷Ϊ̷ΪСǣȻṩʲôõСǣȻҲͲ
ҪԸ˺ͻԭЩһèŮҲﲻʲôæһСĿܻΪĸ
èŮʵʵҲͱǿһЩӰòսǿóȡ鱨óǮϵһóսָӡ
Щسڽ˵Ҫ˵Ҫ
ǮħǮ鱨֪֪鱨˭ࡣսָӣϲʵǿѹǿʤ
ļƻУèŮҪ룬Ǿڸ̷Щͨķӣͷһ²ˣȫ֡
˵¸ϹܼҰԸ
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һµʱ䣬̷νѪɺӣȫӦ֮ˣҲĵȷȷ̷Ļ
ԭϣ³˹ͬҲýûа취Ǹлø̷ĸãΪһֱԸ
ǳĵ¹֮ĸǹɱٺ;֪ﷸһ鶼ΪڷɺԼְֻܽͷš
ǿĸڷͥͳǹǹʱȻͬľԻǸ˵ġ
ĸ׿ǹɱﷸȥʱľֹᣬǶԴ˵Ĵֱ
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̷ﷸܳ׸ΪܶﲻɱĶЩɱģ޹ѪļһЩﲻģ뿪󣬻ǻᶥ֮ǰ˵λٷչ
Բ³˹ĸԣΪά̷ָĺƽãһһֱںҹﷸ
èŮͬϲҹȥεģʵǿģĸŮ˿Ų³˹ҹɼܣԼɷÿҹﲻڼңʱпﷸĿ־塣
ͳ˻һٶȵϸĹܰΣ¼ϰ๤ᵢŮѡ
ҳڵϣϲõ˺ȫָߣŮ¶˿õ쳬˱ǹ
ʵϾͨˣÿжǱˣ˵һγжͻزˣֻҹж
ȻҲΰ֮
һģ
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˵ǻӣҲйŮˣǴΪݣӪġϲˣǱȽרһġ
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ߵĴŮˣ϶ǳΤ쵼ߵݺǮģϲҲ޷е뷨
״Ҳû̫⣬èŮͬͨŮˣͲ³˹˰һֱһȻá
èŮԸҲǳѣҪʲô
Ҳ˵һ˵
ˣ͸ǣʱˣ
׼뿪ǰȻ뵽ʲôִͳһǰ׼õСӣֱݸèŮͲ³˹



ڰ˰ 

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Ǹʲôõģ
èŮһеСӣһɻộҲɼܰ
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ƺ뵽ʲôè΢΢һᣬȻ󻺻͵
ʵΪƵħֻҪܸǵֲͬʽս£ܸһЩ
սȫħ仯Իûвķ
ϣֻҪǵһⲻ󣬾ǵһӦҲܿסĻҪһʱջָ
ħСǽֳģʲô̫ӵĶ
ֻǼ򵥵ӦһβĵĻװħԭԭСӣħԭȵȡ
߲ҪʲôħħԼտеħֻҪͿˡ
ٱʱСԼһССĶȤζ
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ôһħСӣԺͲô鷳ȥ·ˣҰȫ̶ȴߡ
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ɫڣŵıʧһèŮʱĺɫƤ³ϣͬʱСҲһƤޡ
һʱ䣬ɫɢƤ޵èŮ˷ڡ
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ѵĻû䣬èŮٴϾͱùˡ
ԭҸոűһţзǱʱŲ绻ɳȹ
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ҵħʲô
³˹èŮﲻͣ任ϵ·еͷСӣҲ¶ʮָȤɫ

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ͦ˼ϧҲŮȻ͸⾵опͷ
˲ƻص󶼻Ľٴð˹Ȼڴ󶼻һҾƵ꣬ʱס
ʱߣֻҪ̽ɴ½˾ͻյӦźţȻ׷Ѱźҵ
ӦҪҪʱ䣬˵ķɴͻήٴ󶼻Ͽա
ֻҪãӭ˵׼ͺá
ȻħͣĻָȴǼǿǵ쵼½ΪΨһľ쵼ˣõĿǿսģ塣
ĹħȻѹǣҪɱǣҲûеô򵥡
Ҫ֤󶼻᲻ʲô̫ʧܵĽСǵ󻯡
ܿһڵʱ͹ȥˡ
Ӧòˣ
վ󶼻λãúһħģĵ˵ͷ
Ӹ̷󶼻һڣÿһʱ󶼻ħĵĲá
µϮʱͿԿһǿ令ֵ֣˸ҷɴĹҲܱ󶼻˺
Ϊǰ׼ħ󣬲ԼʱħͷŵħҲԼħɢľ
Ҫ֪ڵеٶȳʮ٣̫ٶȽ죬ıͨˣܻɷӦٶ۶˽
ڵèӦٶȺͷ϶ǱȲ˵ġ
ǰʹøּӳԵħҲ
ˣҪԸˣҪħǾħ˵ӰЧӦûҪΪͻһЩ
һҪⷢⲫ
һ㣬Ҳо飬ôսУóľԶʩս
ѾԶÿռʱħ
˲ƣǶʱʱ侲ֹЧıⱻ



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ھƵ귿ڤħǰĵӺȻһ϶ӵﴫ˳
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ҲΪ׷̶ȻȡСʱʵóĽۡ
һС͵׼͵жԼҪóѣͬʱֹСͬ
󼴽óʱֹСࡣ
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ڱ֤£ȥȡСǣжĻ׼
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ҪָôǲȱٵĲݣȻνˡ
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طˣ𣿡
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ܺãǳɹҵע⣬Ҫһ£˭Ǹˣ˵˶ǡ
˹ά˽³˿ߵĽֿ˿ұߵĿˣ¶ɻı顣
ڶڿУߵǸ˴·ò̽ԱǸ¶˿һ
ұߵɣһ·һͲô·
Ҳ㲻˭ˡ
صָӹٳ֣˺ͽ𻺻˵ϡ
ҾҪҵĿҲҪҵǸˣҵĵѣˡ
ҽܵ
Ҳڸһ䣺
ҽн𡤿ţˣһλԸ̷ħʦոտƮڿУʵһħַƯ˵ĳ
˹ά˽ǲ˳飬ɲŽոʲôħݡ
ƯڿħݣǶסʮ̽Աʹһ˲뿪Ҳħݣ
Ȼ׷ݵʱΪ½˵ĶʮСʱѾûжãǱҪѺ͵ָص㣬սķ
Ҫô
˹ά˽ſ˱ء
˻ص
ԸͶҲᷴǱҪӦҡ
ʲô
˹ά˽΢΢ɡ
ֻҪԷԸͶͳɹһ롣
Է˶Էɣлһ˲ƣĲԸͶǿҲ
һҪȷº¶˿鷳ȡѹ
ڶҪҵһ𡣡
˻ص
˹ά˽΢˼һ£͵ͷӦʲôϿƽȣǾ͸΢ˡ
û⡣
̸˹ά˽Աߵĸʾһ£ܿһȫװʿ˿˵ǰ
ͷĶӳóһֱӿ˿˵˫ϣ˼״ҡҡͷȴûз
Ǹкֽûʲô𣬲ȻλཫеһЩҲ޷
˴λӳóһףҪҲϡ
ûпôõƢֱӾһָǸıֽġ
ҿɲˣҲûзԲҪǶҵɣҿǻʦǵġ
ҪùϵԼȫҪͨץҲûʲôӰ졣
ȻøȺʲôɫ
ӳֽЩãȻתͷ˹ά˽˹ά˽ǳ˳飬Ȼҡҡͷ
Ȼ½ʦıͳʱΪİȫԴ
ڣԲʺϽ֦ҶԷҲǸӣһìܣӰ쵽½ĶԽӾ鷳ˡ
ǺڷָӲĹУ˴ʿץס첲ֹܣǴҡڣоͻԼһ



ڰ˰ ս

Сʱ󣬽Ϳ˱͵ԼĽ׵ص㣬󶼻һƬĵء
Ѿ˴սӣ̹ˡͲսսֱȵȸ洦ɼ
ȻҪÿ˻ȡƽҲû浽Щ˵ĻȫΪ棬Ҳ·ںһս׼
𿴵ǰЩǿսȴ̲סҡҡͷΪ֪ĿƼ̫ˡ
Ϊµ˲ʹκԼʵܴݻǰеװ
˺׵Ŀľֻǿˡ
Ȼ˹ά˽αװĻԸ֣Ҳ΢ֻһﹶĺܣӰ󶼻ᶼ챻û֡
ڻԭǱԤеҪԽٵ򣬲ˡ
ˣ
Ϳͬʱ̧ͷ
һСڵѸٱ󣬺ܿһǼ׿ǳһСͷɴӷǰĿյϡ
źɫװսˣСͷɴ
Ϊ׵ǸǸŮˣͷϵĻеף¶֣ߵսµĿǰ´һ£
ǸָӹٷŷҴ½ʾӭɣ
˵꣬תʿɴ˻ȥ
ǱԴӣûпһۣѹ͵ǲڡ
˿˽һۣû˵ĬĬĸ˷ŷĺ棬̧ͬǰͿ˲һ
˷ɴĵǻڣŷվڿԱߵĽ΢΢üͷ
˭ֻҪҪࡣ
ңǿڵõѽ𣬿һǵ˸ʲô¶ϲһ𣬱һ̡һȾơһһʺ˲𣿡
ʼЦ
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ǳ˳飬Ȼʮֿ϶˵ͷ
ǵģǲԸýңôͻ뿪Ӧ֪Щû취ôԸ£ȫΪҪ֪Ҫʲô
໹һС֡
ŷűӵһ۽սﴫŤͷԿ˻ص
½˵ˣԴ
ڷŷλǸָӹһͱӦְλϸԼְλĹ򣬲̬
ֻ򣬷ֹȷ֮䳤ҪΪǽ̶ȵͼ֡
ǲĬ
ҡҡͷͿһ߽СǷɴڣ޴ս˹ȥ
ǷɴڵĿʺϵ档
ڷɴǰս;Уŷóһָͷϣװͨӣǳϡ

㲻֪ã
սܿڣһս׵½˺¶˲Цݡ
˿ˣҵ䣬ڵ򸴻
£
˼ºûôˣǰˣɱˡ
Ȼ˻û仰ͻȻ³һѪһ̱˵ϡ
ųɴڵĿ㻨һӦ̬ȴûӦǵġ
¼״˿ԭдֳ
ʱһժͷǸ֣˿ͷϣٴλָ
Ȼǿ󣬵ħ죬úҲ棬ԲκλӰ졣
ȻӦǵĻ
ժֺĽ𣬾ȻƨûУ϶ʱ¶˲ɫ
£ͨսĿҪ˼ͻѪǽʲô¶ûеӡ
̯̯֣
ҴСӦԾͱȽǿ
£
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ҲȥһˣΪʲôӦսڵĻŤͷ⣬˿˻ظ
Ѿˣˣǽлģı佻㣬óңҪؽ
ؽ
һľ衣
ָָսĵ
ǣñ·ܳµˡҲˣκһؽ
׸߹ңķչѾ;ǴģӦٱؽҲǻ򡣡
µȰ˵˿Ϊʮֵļᶨ
㸸һ޴Ȼֻǿ˵ˡ
˵Ļشɫһ׼ǿжÿ˽䡣



ڰ˰ ʱ

λҪҪȰȰֻһʱûͨõѣҵĻˡ
ʱͻȻվ˳ʼԲ
ҪԺȴ˽
˵ôʵϣסǣǽô˵
ڽ˵µ˻ûжԵչ̫վͽǸɵõСٵģ㡣
˵µĿͿ˽µ˽ˣҲܵĸм
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ĴĻص
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ܺãڵרһطļ
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ŷ˸Ǿ񣬴żʿѺſ˺ͽսϢȥ
˺ͽ뿪һͷǿѧСĵĽոտ³ѪҺռһǼС
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ţǸͿһĵ⣬ҪҪȸ䵽
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ҪǣԸ֪Ǹ˶ƺûһ㺦£̫ˡ
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ҵи²⣬Ҫһʱ֤
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ʱ䣬һῴܸܲνǡȸ뿪֪ôӦ
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Ҳǣսʮˣһ˾ܴĸʮҲûס
ĿǰΪֹڿһħħʦΪʵԼǿ
Ͼڵʮ꣬ԼǶôǿ

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¿ĻһֱڶԿȰ˵Ľ¶ֵɫ
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ô˵ֻҪǾܴڵϸȡеǻ򣿡
µŤͷĻĿˣ۾ѾʼŹ⡣
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¶ڿ˲ûʲô⣬ڿ˵ĸҲûʲô⡣
ǳϻỹûоǰͿ˵ĸʵǺܺõѣֻΪǵδвͬ۵㣬˶
ǺǵĳϻԴľʱѡ˵ȴΪչѾ˾ͷ˴ӳδǱ涨õģȫûϣ
˵ķܶǿűĻȱʲôְλˣ͵ȡܳһͻһ
ΩһһȻˣǾÿ˲δϣ
²ΪǵʽģǵԴȻѾľǾȥռһµ򣬽µǡ
ںܶǰǾѾӵȽĿƼ׳ϻΪʲôҪۿ
ǼֻҪԸ룬Ĺ



ڰ˰һʮ һ

ȻѾ֣ǾͿʼɣ
֪Ļڿϸڣ»ֹصӽͿ˵Ļʻսսʿ
Ǭ棡
µһ£ԭװսײĳ޴ͻȻսŵӡȥս壬˴󶼻ķ
Ǭռиװá
ֻҪһһͶ棬Ȼһ߷еĻӰͿԴͬʱʺӻ
սľٶȻҲһֱǼǵĵϤ
ʱף˵ĺƽȫǼٵģ˵ս޷⡣
ͬһֱװȰ˵˵ĽҲǿľϤ˷ɴ﷢һУڵ
ˣֹͣ˶ǵļأԿʼжˣ
սļƻ˷Ĵţվſڵķŷʿ˹
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ŷոýӵ½֪ͨȥʵȡ䡣ʹʬȥ
ڿ˼ȻԸǣҲʡˡ
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Ȼ׼ѺͿǰʵʱһ̹ͻȻӽзɳӭ泯ûбս±˹
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ŷսʿڷָָӹٱϮҲ˷Ӧ
ΪʱǿĿ˺ͱö˼ķŷ
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ˣǬѾǵӡսҲ쵽󶼻ϿգһӰͻᱻ졣
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ڿڵϸԲ϶ˡ
ǻٳ˷ŷȣŷȵսжλƾŶλ׷ٵԷλã黹вȡ

һߣմſ˺ͷŷ˲뿪ͿҾ޴սȻҪ䵽󶼻Ͽա
¿Ӱ󶼻Ľܲ˻Ӱɴ
˿ͣڴ󶼻Ͽգ׼ս¶˵ǵɫ
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սͣȵͬʱ½ѾʮսʿͨλŽͿڵķλ˹
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֪ʱҲΨŽǺͱƵķŷӭ½ˡ
ǱߵȻ࣬Ǹ򣬶ڵ߲ôӦзŷ֣һ⻹ǲġ
Ҫ֪Ӱﳬ˿һ˾ͽˡȻҪͨӰײĿռŤ
ſ˴ŷŷ뿪Ҳٴ˲ʧ
Ӱ
սڣǿѧڴﵽԤλú󣬹ϵİ˷䰴ťһɾ޴սײ·Ĵ󶼻
ԭһãȻſսĴ󶼻ǣʱҲ˲׷׼ųԶķɢ
ӵЩս͸ΪȽսʱս˺
κεĿƼƲսķЩеɻ䣬˿ûκεá
ۼǾ޴Ҫеĵ棬һӰȻ˹·



ڰ˰һʮһ ǿƳ

׻
˲ս·˫͵һ󶼻ĵر˲両ֳһ޴ħ
һħԽΪģ󶼻ɢͬʱҲӲĽս¸ȥ
ôܣ
սڣǿѧҺһսʻԱűȫ¶˾ı顣
һû߳ȥôǿʩ
ܿǾ֪ΪʲôˣΪһϤӰǸзɳսǰ档
ǸͿһϴǸָӹٵĵ˽
ȻһжһλĪĵ˽ɳġ
ɱ
ȻҵԴͷǾͺðˣֻҪɱ˶ԷǲȻͻʧͿԼȥˡ
ǿѧһ£սڵǼʻԱǣٿսĻе˹ȥ
սĻеĿƼɣٶ죬ʮ˱ץסҪѵ㾢ѡ
ķɻ̹ˣǸǱǶһ˲̴ܴ
ڵ岻ҲսĻеһܽӴ
Եѧֳŷٴʱֱǰһռ䴫ţŵĳڣս
䣡
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ķչУԶǹҪǿ
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ͺǣսȨޱ˸ˡ
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ԭո˺ͷŷ˲ƳͬʱѾֳһսĶս顣
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ڿ˵Ǳûȫ
ǺĸǱȫĺɫս³ˣһ˾ܸ㶨ʮˣڵĳʵҪϲ١



ڰ˰һʮ 

ӰΣ
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ڰ˰һʮ 

ħҲ̫˰ɣ
ڽԣǰӵˮͿԱɺľ޿ӣԼһϢµˣҲ¶˲˼ɫ
ԼѾǿ޵ˣǽոͷŵǸħǿЩˡ
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ħҪǰ׼סôãħҲû취ӳô
ЦŽһ䣬Ȼž޿µһָƯǴӾ޿ﻺĴ˳
ħȻ档
̲סһ̾
ִһͨսڲĿռţſˡŷ˵µˣٴγָӴڡ
ոյӦҲĺˣȫɱǣԲҪηĵֿ
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֮һֱ޷׶ԪҪΪİڿռ䲢Լ죬޷ȫƿء
ǰȻܺ˶ķķȥڿռı嶷ʵǺѶģ㶷ĹҲһɱ
ڲͬѾﵽ˵漶۷壬ȫƿԼĵ漶۷壬ʵѾķ
ÿԽȫɱİڿռ䣬ԴԼӵн׶Ԫ
ҵˣ
ܿ죬һڰŵǰ
ͬķҲ˽λԼʵĴڡ
һȻܵҵİڿռ䣬㣡
ı渡ֳһ״ĿֲݣŽ𷢳˷ŭ
ڽһķôʶΪɵصɳһǰ
ܣȻˣΪ֮ĳ衣
˭˭ɻһ
һеĽָ˶ķİڿռ䡣



ڰ˰ٶʮ ɢֻ

ܣôôǿ
ڶķŵУ涼ʼָ滺С
벻ǸȣֻʤһļһȻѾǿ
ʼײУİͱԷȫѹơ
浱ͨɵԷӶΪʤʱȴֱԷֱӴĲò˻Լİ档
Ϊ֮óľǰħ
ȻͨħÿİħǶԷյĺݣȻԤеҪ壬ǰ塣
ʧɣİҽˣ
ٿָķ򣬽ٴμǿ˶ڶķɡ
ԭķһֱİﲻðͷҪɻûôףԷȻ֪Ҫ塣
Ҳ˶Էһ׼õģ㹻ħԡ
ħԣ˶Ԫ漶ʵǿһأǹϵħȻҲͬն
Ȼģķ˵ɢֻǿŲȱ֮ӻԼİ֧š
ϧ˶ڴƵʱ򷴰Ϊʤ󲿷ʱʵһֵҲͽ͡
ķˣҲȫɵԼָС
ͳڣԪ
Ϊ䣬𵱻ϣħʼ棬׶Ԫ
ָʱ䣬ڴ˿Ҳȫ˾ֹ״̬
ֻҪڽָеĶʼ˷ѣȻһʮʽγµ棬µµ
ֻγʱͿʼ˿ٵݱ䣬ݱԭĽָ棬ںܶ෽ҲһЩ仯
ʼԪ棬ڲͬ濴˲ͬ֩ͬԼͬİɯһжϵһ˲ͬ
ɺ󣬽Ҳɹӵ漶뵽˶Ԫ漶
Ȼǳ룬㡢άɽЩǿߣվͬһˣʵڵ漶Ҳ˼
ǶԪ漶ǿ㣬ףҪɱҲˡ
ԭĽָ֮Ϊ棬շѳ֮Ϊһ档
ﵽԪҪǿǾǰʱ䣬ȥݻ桢桢ĺȵȡ
ѳԽ࣬ʵͻԽǿﵽһ̶ȾͿԽ볬漶ҲͥǸΡ
ټѵܺԪȼ磬Ǿܴﵽȫ漶Ҳ²紴OAAǸ
Ȼ볬漶Ҳ֪ҪѶʱ䣬ȫ漶Ǿ͸ˡ
϶ôʵʵȥһ棬߽ݾ˼·
˼·ԴԪ漶ֻ
ĿǰͬǿDCѾѳһֻ꣬ȵDCķֻﵽԪ漶ںϣЧҪȷǿĶࡣ
ͷֻȻһ壬ǿڽȴֲͬںϲǼ򵥵ķѳһµԱġ
иķֻ꣬ͬǿгɳһһںϣ³Ϊȫ漶Ҳôңɼˡ
ֻƻ
׶Ԫ漶󣬽Ӱһֱ뿪磬޵İ֮أȻ˲ѳֻ꣬˷ɢȥ
һΪȡ磬֪Ҫãҿܻܵơ
ѾﵽԪ漶֮ǰ˽ֻתķҲһЩĵá
ãֻҪڰ֮ҵµ磬ǲ˰æתԼҲ͵͵Щתɹ
Ȼķ϶û˵ķȫһļʿܻתʧܣֱӷֻɢ
ûϵڴﵽԪ漶׳˺ܶ࣬һοԷֳֻ꣬ÿֻõ͵Ļ
תʧɢˣʧҲ
ΨһͨԼֻתķ϶û壬ûСǿԿٻָʵʲôͶҪͷʼˡ
ԴҲģ֪ʶתʲôֻҪЩʱ䣬Իָǹһѡ
ҲͬʱٲͬҵתʱҪ߲ܶ࣬һ죬ǱѾʮ궼пܡ
Щ⣬ֻҪڰ֮ҵµ磬ôܶһɳ
ҵЩ㹻ǿ磬ֻںϺʵŻǿ
ȴˣ
ֳֻ֮̽غ󣬽ٴη硣
δǼµ棬DCֻ취ԼԪɢķֻѰµ磬Ȼת



ڰ˰ٶʮ ˾ۼ

Ļͦ죡
ڵʮӤȫˣոԻﰲŵְλ빤Ҳڽõʱ䷨
һһȻĵҲ٣ʱάʱԲǺ¡
£Ƿչôˣ
칫ڣȻֿʵ
ݱЩϵһ£Ǹпĵ˵ͷ
İʮѾָ˴룡
ڽ˵ϴǸƷղŹȥʮ죬ʱ䷨ڵǣѾʮꡣ
ʮǱˣӵĸиҵ츳֪ʶȻܿܽٴؽ
ֻЩѪսʿ
ǵ츳ûһڻޡķ֮츳ͼܡ
ܽʮڱ󣬵ȷʮֵĲס
ȻҪǱǿϲ˺⣬ǿʲôܳԡ
ΨһҪľ򴲡ʺ֮⡣
½оһЩı䣡
ȻֻǼ򵥵䣬ǺܿͷµһЩ쳣
˵֮ǰ¾һսɱսɱ񡢷ɱôڵսʣ˺ܶɱ
Ŷֻʱ룬Ҳǵ뷨ҲȫǴġ
һ£¶˵Цݡ
ǰǴսʿĴսǡʮ꣬ǿʼʮ꣬ӽһ̰֣ʮǵδ
ݵתĵһЩ뷨Ҳ˶ҡ
ʮһγ֣ǲսҪʼˣ
ԣ׼һ£Ӧþ⼸ˣ
˵ͷ
µҲû⣬ϾⱾʼ˵õ
ÿһսʿǳսʿʱԽս״̬
ãǾ͵֪ͨɣ
´к󣬽뿪棬ĸз˵
ĿǰѾĸȫо͸ٿĸиǱ߷ųźţӦҪ˶þͻɻԭǹͨĸд͹
ԭǻòǴԭǺĴ£ҪǴˡ

ҹ̷УΤĴׯ԰
ħɱ
ڰ֮ںħ
սºèŮսµķ˴̨һԾڸ¥ϼԾ׼ʼҹĻ
Ȼǻû뿪Τׯ԰ԶһӰȻסȥ·
ȡ³˹þò
𣡡
ӰȺͲ³˹׷¶˾ϲɫ
Դӱ뿪ǾҲûмֻǴӵϿͳ˻š
˵žžٳˡ
鷳ˣҪǵİ
ȺͲ³˹֣ص˵
ȺͲ³˹һͬʱ˵ͷ
գʢٲڣСĶһ׽޸ŮȻ˲ŮԱĺ
ȣǸ˧ˣ˵ڶĿ㡣
Ҫʼˣ
ȷеĹߣ¶صɫ
󶼻ձܲ¥
ƯĽǰ̨С߽ļ߰칫
ˣһ㣬˵شҪ㣡
ãϾͳȥ
˷˷Լ۾ڵ¶˿˵
١
עⰲȫ
¶˿˵ͷдһĨǡ
Ц¶˿ͷ
û£֪жôǿ󣬿һнڡ
ĳǻվĳֿڡ
׸մ򿪲ֿţһӰʹӲֿڵɳվ
ãףҽн𡤿ţҲԽħ
ŶϵۣҼħ
￴Ž¶Ǿϲɫ
ִһָһС
ʱĻģ
Ȼʱ䣡
Сװĵ˵ͷ
ףDCұȳ˻ҪĳӢۡ
Ȼ䲻ԸҲ죬սͬḻתʱ䣬Щ̬ˡ
Ҳʱ䷨صȥDCʹãΪǻʱ֧𲻱Ҫ鷳
һ㶼ǶסĳһƬʱ䣬߶ԲһЩʱ䷽Ĳٿأûġ
󶼻ĳ»ڡ
˹ά˽ͻȻǰĽһµʵ
֪ͻȻҵĻڣʲô𣿡
ˣĸ춯ԭǺʹ¿ҪˣҪ𣿡
˹ά˽Ц
˹ά˽˿ԥƬεĵ˵ͷ
ðɣҼ롣



ڰ˰ٶʮ ԭ

ȥ
󶼻Ͽյľ޴̺ϣﴩս£һ߳ŷ̺ʳһ߿ŷ̺ŵļλżСʵ
ŶȥҺ˹ߺ֮
ű̲װ
˹ǲе𣿡
˫۵ɵĻԲ
ԣںһжĻ顣
ָָˡèŮȻֱַָŮͻ˽ܵ
λӦ֪ҾͲˡλǴȣѷĹ˹Ůλ˹ά˽ԻǵĻˡ
˹Ůˣ
ٴࡣ
ԭŽ𿴵ĳˡèŮѾеʮֳԾû뵽˹Ů˶ˡ
ڼ໥Ϥһ̺Ҳ˹Ͽա
ɪǵˣ
ӿڴͳħ
ǡ
ħڴʢ
ӺԭƽĺͻȻӿһֻ׸ߵľͺƺ֮ǰڵİػƽꪵֻޡ
ɪֳֻƽƽս£վں޵ͷ룬ϷĽ֡

ЦЦٿŷ̺˺޵ͷ
ԼȥͺãûҪһˡ
ʱ֪ͨɪʱǴñˮȥ׵˹ɪȴҪԹӭӡ
ɪԼǿ׳ش󼡡
æĸҲþȣҲ޷Ϊߺ֮
˵ЩˣЩҵѣæһԿ¡
𽫳˵һһܸɪ
ɪҲһһ֣ıʾ˻ӭ
ȻĹѾᣬǳɣ
ڽ£ɪ޴Ŵٳ󺣣ǻӶƽꪣɢúˮ뺣ͷƬλá
ȻӴ󣬵ٶȴǲܿʹ˺׵˹
ʱ˹ǰ棬ѾȫȽĺսͺ˹󱴶ˮĴǿľŶˡ
ڳȥ庣𣿡
ɪ췢󱴶βʮ׸зһˮһŸԵӭ
飬εֵĵص㣬Ƕ˵İ
ս˼ʧܻܿĻƽꪰȫ룬óǧײеĺסڡ
飬Ҳûзԡ
ʵﶼһΪʹµľսڵڻԭǺȷ沿ӣ

ƽꪵ˵ͷ
λԾҪȥ´ȴֱĹǰһͨİĳš
Ϊֻܴ˲ƣȴֻ֪Ϊ˷㣬˶Ļֱӿš

İСǰ𡢳ˡèŮˡͺվڰߣ氵Ĺ
ǸоӴƣԭСϵĿȫ뵽С
ʼɣ
ͷǹĴȣһŻ֮һڳս̬
˺ͻ˸Է˰У˫ð⡣
ħ˻װֳֵǹèŮһСƤޣһַèצס
ڳʱƶơ
˻ƽꪣҲ׷ת״̬
ã
Խĸȫ˳ѷ屣ܵĸڷҵ𶯡
һǰҾͷҪͨĸпռ䴫ͣħסˣһҽ⿪ħռ䴫;ͻ֡
ʵϽûѣֻ©һǰᣬǾǰĸзźţǴµע⣬ȻǲȷٻԭǿĸеĿռ䴫͡
Ҳ£½²ͣ棬ǻҵڵ档
ټʱڵԹصķʽ
ֻǰǰΪ
ֽ⿪ĸеĿƣһǿĿռмѷػĸϱ޴ĿռͨĸϿո֡
䣡
XսºͳͷĻԭǣӿռͨеСɳ̲ϡ
ħɳ
ĸеĿǣȷٻԭǣҽΪǴ־壬ҽðǣ
ԭǿǰĽˣдһ˿žеĳͷ

ϻֱӷ˹
˲䣬ĵߴԭǺݺݵĺſڵϣǳ˵ߺͻ˵Ļǹȷ˹



ڰ˰ٶʮ ΧŹĻԭ


߾ٻƽꪣļ˹󱴶սʿЩӿռͨзɳħɱ
ˮսʿ׷׳СԼӲļ׿ЩҪǰԭǵħ룬þ޴Ĵǯӽг롣
ռֻͨôħȻӴ󣬵ͨ޷һԳ
𹥻Ĺռơ
ǿȷٻԭǣʱҲӢİڵһٿŹ
ڵĿȻûĸĺڳʵҲȻԭǲ٣ټʵͬµĻˡ
ûԭǴ쳣
ؼԭҪԸĿɲֻǳ˺ͻˣսӲĵŮͽ˸ʵ
ûױĴһǵǹһ֣èŮĬСƤ޾סһֻţٴν
ŭþȫԭǸҪ賤սèŮŻƽꪹЮŴˮصĽһηŵ
ӵлƽꪵĺʵȻ֮ǰʱǿ˲һ㡣
һεغҲûΪʵͲĳ˺ͻҲͬʱ˽ѹơ
Ůеǰѷ񽣸ǿս˺ۣۿžҪˡ
ûս׵ıҪ˶ͻᱻЩ˵ʬ
³ĴŴ棬ĸִµĻģջؼҡ
û뵽մ͹ͱ˸
ҳְ
ĸеĿռͨ󣬳ħͷĽ𣬿űΧŹĻԭǣ°ֻֽͣҪϷˡ
ĴˣУá
ȻõĸУȥǣҪԭָ·
߻Ѿû⣬һĸУȻĴĸпͨȥǱ߻ԭ档

ǻ
սͨһߵ棬ͷһп
˵ûħѾܲϢ
Ҳ˵ѾȫԭǴħɱֻʣû͸Դ
Ҳãҿ԰һЩ
Ȼ׵˵漶гǺԼ򣬻ûü
ȻԭˣһЩԼУӦòʲôֵ¡
û񣬿Լȥ򣬲֪²ܴﵽ׶Ԫˮƽ
ÿ´ռһȻ˹̫ΪӦ̫
ֻҪȡСתȥ޸ͿԿٵﵽָˮƽ
СǵԴδɱºĴԲ١
ʮŲԼк󣬽ٴη˵İߡ
̰࣬»棬澭ʱ޸ɻָõ̫࣬Ҫ˶ͻ鷳ˡ
»ʮ棬ÿʮţҲ㹻ˡ
ǲˣ
ʱսѾβħĹ岻ϵĻɱ£Ѿ޼ǿȷٻԭҲ˵ϡ
Xĳǿս±ƽꪺͻ񽣲󣬻ԭǵķܿͱ˺ͻִˡ
ɱ𣿡
ĸͨرգŮ񽣵ڻԭǵĲʵ
׽ΪʲôŻԭǵ
ĸУߵڵϵĻԭǰ
ֻǸСɫĴ£ɱɱ¿¶ֵ򣬵ʱͲģˡ
ǲܽսڵ򣬷ܴӮ͵ϵųɶᱻ𡣡
˵
³˹˲˽Ҫ˼
Ȼսִģս𲻵ʲôãȴǼӢõġ
ʲô˼
˺ɪȻûס
˼ǣҪûԭҵǰǵķսϣͲԵӰ죬ˣҲ˻
³˹͵
ؼԭǿɲǻԸǵӡ
èŮָָڵϵĻԭǡ
ԭϢ΢ĹЦ
ƾЩ˻Ҫǣֱ
ҲǵλúȥǵķǵԼ汻ɣ
õģңһڣȻȥţһŪúһħ֪ͨǡ
˵ǰԭ뵽ԼС
ǰͨĸоͿԣڻԭǲԸ˵ɾ̫ˣֱԼͿԽĵĶС



ڰ˰ٶʮ 

һº󣬽ϴֹԭǵõСת½ʮָĽٴν˼λӢ۾ۼһ
ָ漶СѾܰʵҪƲС
СǿתκָЩ´½µϵһвСá
ľǼټǺսʿ𣿡
İɪŻƽꪣʵ
ȥǽµϳǼδҲ̫Ϸ˰ɡ
ãǺ󲿷սʿֻںзʵȥ˵ʱƣ˲СģѾ˿԰սѡ
ĸóԱߵĻԭǡ
˵ЩĺĺˣǺսʵҲﲻ̫æǴ𵽼á
ɪȻ˵ˣ϶ʮİա
߹ɪļ
ЩУΨһ֪ӵԼ棬Ҳ֪˵ʮ˵¡
ôôġ
ָŴӳ־һֱڽ棬ҳһĻԭǣ¶һɫ
ҲҲɻ
ŶԼħһϹħʦԼħҷֶڳ֮ˣȻҲá
ЦŽ͵
ĽͣǱ߻˳˳죬ĬĬŲ˲³˹
˵ȻҲˡ
䣡
һ죬ĸڻԭǵĲٿںһ𣬿ͨǵͨ
߰ɣóˣ
״̧ͨ
ˡˡŮèŮҲ˹ȥ
ˣĸпĿռͨܿͻᱻ²Ҫ뿪
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ǴµĸݵأֻҪûгȥսʲôȻӹĸ֪
Ǵ±ͶĸзϢʮϤ
ƵĻеһĵ棬ԭʵ
֪µħʦ𣿡
սʿǿǴǿҲѱսʿǿȥµĴڣ϶лħĲӡ
ʱǾܵħҲ鷳
ʱ϶ҪרĶԸ£鲻֣ԳڶԷûȫӦ߷ӦҲ̫ӣȰѴ󲿷ֻħļһˡ
ˣһ֧ʮ˵ʦӣھĻأҴȥ


ϵĴ͵˫ۡ
ԭǺôĵӣȻûҵ˽Էǣ£ȥѺ
²֪ԭǱˣ֪ԭǿĸзǣʶľ;ǻԭѾǸ棬Ȼĸе͵͵ؼˡ
һŶñ߰׵ľ޴ӰƮǰ
ģһɸ˿ȥ
µ˵ͷٴα۾
˿ֱ˿ŲݴʦһԱ󽫣˲ٿص˵˼룬仯Լū͡
ʦӻأһſ˵ӰӴһһ֡
ˣ
ԭԼĴͷʱ׼ս˵Ҳһˡ
ȴ˰֣
ãԶ֣
ĿǰҪսپڴȫӦǰв
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ЩʦоΣս٣׷ԼΪǿħܣҪ赲Ĺ
κ䱾κλԣټϺھθ˿Դ͸ʵʣԼ׷ٵԡ
ЩʦûһסĹ׷е˵ϡ
ȻҲʦȫҲôٲֿǿӲ
еʦȻ󲿷ǿôʹǿʦǵħܵס䣬ȴԿǿ
ԴˣҲ⣬ֻҪǴģķʦսʿʲôвսʿϵս£ͬԵħ˺
Ҵ󲿷սʿⲫ⣬ҲʹȽĿƼԼڿһ£Էߡ
ԭǣ㾹ȻұΰĴ´ˣ˽ǣ
ʱһȺȻڽ˵Ͽǲٿشʦ˿²Ӹ˹
ԭΪԭֻ̫͵͵ǣû뵽Ȼǿɳܵıѡ
ϲľֿһ͵ġ
ͷĸ˿¶һ˿Ц⡣



ڰ˰ʮ ɱ

ݽ鵽ϡ
ӵŷЧӦʵ쳣ǿĴ⣬ǻһЩǳѲĽɫǱ֮ΪڰӢ
Ǵս£ľӢÿһи
ЩɫҲ˵ҲʲôǶǾ˵ܾͻɼ鷳
ǰλٿشʦĸ磬ҫ긥׵ļһǿ󵽿Զݿһࡣ
ǿǴƻûͻᱻɱˡ
һļһһˣһκ˵ħ
սǰЩھӢԸһͣȻò
ҲΪʲôһǣͽǴųԭ
ҪͶԷвУô¸оǾСɫŲһʱԳ֡
ѾҵˣȼˣҲǰ
Ը˿ʣԭһŭԼĳսҪ롣
ԭȻԼǻļԸ񲻻ı䣬ֻıԼǿЧҽ
Ϊµ壬µū۾ˣϾ㹻ǿ󣬿ɾ˿Щµ¶ҿܲŭ
ҿ
ԳԼĻԭǣ˿˿壬˫ðһŰ׹⣬ǿľ˲佫ԭǰʼū顣
ȻԼĸ磬óԵ˵ƣǻԭǣ˲Ʒ

һҽУԭɿͷͷӰе

һӣһųڻԭǰԭų˽ԱߣԭǶͷһ㣬ӻлָ
ոո˿ҪþūۻԭǣԭнԼ໥ʹ಻
ڽֱӽ˿ľӻԭǴи˳ȥ
εߣ
ԭɢԼľƣ˿¶صɫ
ԭǲ£ǸƤĺǸһзŵʦӵļһԲʲô
ǰɣ˹ά˽Ǿ鷳ˣҸո̫ħˡ
ûж˵ʲôŤͷ԰Ļˡ
ո˲ʮʦѾ¶ԼһСʵҪǲ׾˸ոǾǿʵļ
ȻǰöпԿƶĻˡ
˿ӵǿԭΪԼԭ򣬸ոռֲ˼룬ƾҪԷˡ
ԼǿߣǳˡèŮͺûƵ
˲ͬӵӦ˼άӡƵ˸еٮٮߡ
ȻƸ˿ֻֿǿġ
˿⣬巽沢رͻ˵沢սʿ
˻˶ս˿Ľֿ֪
Ļ˵ͷҲ֪ΪʲôԼķŸ˿˷˹ȥ

˿һ»㱨һ˷ơ
Ȼ˸ûܵ˿Ӱ죬ǰֻһͽеĸ˹ӷϻȻ˫ðµĹ˿¿ɨһ顣
̽˲ʮʱ䡣
ǿ𣿺ǿô̵ʱ˿ҪΪơ
˿ԭǣ˺ͻԭǵһӮȴ˿
ô죬ɱ𣿡
Щħűεĸ˿˽ǰ
һ£ڸ˿Ķͷһ㣬Էӡʱסꡣ
ŰɣڴѾڵ˽⣬Ǿǹ
ֳôĶǸ˿ϵȽĸ߿ƼƶѾ﷢һд˴
ȥ͵ϮӪѾû壬ЩȫԽǴһŭԳ֣鷳ˡ
Ŵ˹
ߴԹҲ취ȱսӽЩвǴ˽
壬ѾһӦļƻ
ӵŷ٤ЧӦռ鱨ʵСѾָ漶ҲһĿӮԷ
㵽ʲôƻ͸ףȻ⿿Ǽ޷սʤºĴ
³˹ǰʵ
սһϲƶȫƻſʼȫһͷˮܣֻǳǿ



ڰ˰ʮһ 

ڶڴµļ£ǵԺﴫƻġ
Ե˵ͷʼҲȷûıҪˡ
Ȼ˵˹ǳ䵱ЧҲȫûãһԹЩԻõġ
໥˿˵ͷ
Ƭ̺󣬳˳⣬˵ж¶˲ŵɫ
ʲôȻʱٻһǿսʿæսǷ˵Ļ¸ƨ
ô죬Ƕġ
³˹ͷصҲ˵ͷ
ͬʱǴڡ
ԭѱ䣬˿Ҳˣ⵹˼ˣû뵽ʱǸطȻܳЩ
ŵ»㱨¶Ȥɫ
ĸĵǧǰֹһΣʱ֮ҲŸꡣ
ʱΪеľӣˣ˿⴩ĸС
սǿ󣬻ŷ٤ЧӦҪһѩǰܣȴΪʱͨĸд棬֪Ǹľ֮
ĸ˷ӦԼݺʵȥЩ̧̫ٵԭ򣬾˻ԭǰȥ
û뵽ԭǾȻѱ䣬ǱߵǣķʦӺһλӢ¡
˷ģ˹ȥǵͷ­
΢΢˹塣
Ȼʮʦɱ˿Ҳܣ²ûκλŵ
Ϊ沢ĶôǿֻΪסĸУټϻԭǰͻϮȡڵս
һսʱʦΪ಻ǿںŸħǰдħ͸սʿš
ǸħʦһɱʮʦֻΪʦûκη
Ҫ֪£û˭ͻǵķ˶ûзӦ£ֱӹʦڵλá
ĸе
ǸħʦħҲûôǿʦ΢һЩģ
ɴ˿ɼǵħʦħʱǵսʿӣƸɱ˼ˡ
ؼͨ˿ҲǸħʦǸħûħˣҲǶǿ
ڸ˿ֻ˿Լˡ
ϿǣֻҪɼӢһЩǿսʿͿԸ㶨
Ȼȴǰ˰֣
Թȥ
ˣЩС㻹Գ֡
¶˲ɫ֪µǶôǿ
½һ䣺
ֻ֪ԭΪʲôеѱ䣬нкڰӢһȥ
ԭ²ҪԳֶһҪԼλѱԭ򣬶ҪкڰӢ֪³
ʮ棬Щ˱ҳϣ˵ѾһЩ뷨ʱҪôôˡ
º˽£۾һתµһЩæص
ǣˣټкڰӢ

Ǳˣ
ſгֵĺѹѹһƬԼȺôһǿ¶Щصɫ
ĺ´Թ
ڣҲӦļƻ
ã𾴵֮´ˣԵķʦ𡤿ţ
ȵ´ǰ𲻵ȶԷڣʮòԱк
ڸյϣͷĽȻֽɨһ飺
෨ʦˡ˹ˡӵһѪѷˡ˹ˡˣͨʹо࣬λ׳һ塣
Һܺ棬ƾǼôеֱӹǵģ
ǣôᣬ´˿϶ˣ棬ѺõĽһ¡
һ޹ı顣
ޱָָ˺ʦӻأԼϻԵĸ˿
˼ԣǾǡƭأ
ŶʵǸᣬոյʱΪֻ̫һ£Сķ˸ħʧʵǸ
λŮʿһҲǽ;͹ֻȽˡ
Ϊ⣬Ƕû˺
ͱ鶼Ե쳣ϣͷ·˵ĺһ
ǳ˳죬Ȼ˵
ȻˣǾɣÿǵɲսʿҵ壬һױҴ£ջжôҵ³
䣬ЩͣǳĺڰӢҪǰȫ׽
´ˣĪĪºйڷʽϢŶ
˿ţ΢ЦżԼ׼õɱﵡ



ڰ˰ʮ ս

ţ
ȻʽϢһ֮ǰĮ̬ȣֹ¼
˵֪ʽλģ
ǵģΪһʦҾǰͬżȻһΣĳĳϣ˴˵еķʽͱǿı档
֮ǰԭ´ƺѰҷʽԽصع
Ļѻſھ
µۿ
һ棿һ򣿡
˴ʵ֪ԪкǿߣԼǿ˴дڣߡάȵȵȡ
ҪͳһҰģ⿿ŷ٤ЧӦԶԶҪշʽС
ȿȣұ˵ļЩãЩ벻ˡȻ´ԸҴһССĶԼôһ
˸ӣۿҪߣ˵ԼʵĿġ
ƾҲҽ
´ƯվǿƶʱŽ
װֲ
´ˣֵĻȻȫǶ֣Ϊһʦȴ֮ǰֱӷԼ꣬ȫɱǣҲò÷ʽλá
Ȼô˵һ٣Ȼ
˵˵ĶԼʲô
ȻһİգڽɱǰͽƷһһʽ̫Ҫˣðա
״֪ˣЦ
ʵܼ򵥣ģǵǿӢۣҪʹµľӢս
Ӯˣô˷Źǵ棬ŹǵĵˣôԸʽ׸ˣԸЧҴˡ

»ûлشȺ¾ѾЦͷ·ڽһȫ˼Ц
⼸ˣ͸սʮӢǿսʿֱǲ
Ȼ뷨ҸоܿЦԸᡣ
´׳ָô£һĵ˵ͷ
ͬǰ⼸˲ԼµĶ֣һЩôһ˿˿Ӯ£ֻ˵̫Ҳ
µ߼ܼ򵥣ԼӮˣ÷ʽλã漸ȫɱȻǵ
ԼˣǾǿƻȡʽЩȫԼµĸǿ£ȥԼ档
Ӯ϶ҪõʽҲǽƣʹӦ
ȻҲɵ֪ԷսĿľԲֻ˵ô򵥣ΣھԵʵǰһıƶûκô
ʲôıԼʵӦ

˿ûõĶȻܸȺͼļһǶǺڰӢ
սʽʼ󣬴±ɳһ͸˿ƵˣǱȸ˿Ҫǿһصĸ긥ףҲǸ˿ĸ硣
˹ά˽
ٴοˣûκԥӭȥ
˫û̫ϻڿд
긥Ȼȸ˿Ҫǿ̫࣬ûмǿԵĻ˶ЩסʱʱҪͣϡ
ȫոԸ˿һ˿ûκθо
ΣԼǿľжϣ徫ȵȡ
ҲȻˣҲȫ汻ѹơ
Ϻ󣬻˾ȻΪʱʱͣ٣·硣
㹻ǿ黯۾˵ļֲ˶á
ͣߵһ䣡
սеһ룬ųٳٱȲʤˣֱӿ䡣
ζսĹ˫ˣ̨̨Ӯһֱֱһȫ֣һʤ
ôˣ
¿Ž¶ɫ
ǻûȥԼȥ
ͲСˣȥܲˣᣬɡ
˺Ǹ긥ʽȥ֪ʲôʱֳܹʤʱһ³ʡ
Ǳ߸䵽ԱߵĻ̲סüڽ֮ǰ˵õļƻҲûзԡ
ȷ꼶СˣŽصħʦض͸ֻǱϿѡ
һǿһϡ
긥׿ȥ˽ʦ¶мЦݡ
óȺƣΪԵҪϵĻһͻᱻūۣʱ򷴶ʵ



ڰ˰ʮ Υķӡ

ƣ
սһʼ긥׾Ըһ𷢶ҵ鹥
ȻƬ̺ɫһ䣬Ϊӿֶپʯ󺣣ûκεĻԷҲһֱЦǺǵӿ
ΪһʦҶ鷽滹ЩеģɶԸҡ
漶ǿߵľɲһ긥׿Ա⣬ϸһȼǽû
Ǿ
긥׵ǰ˲۳ǧѾŽ˹ȥ
۵ͨЧҲۿۣոջ˶ǿǿӲ
ӰΡߴ
ϻֱ˲Ƶ긥ױȻһǿ佫䵱ɱ
ɱʦŵǷһݣȻСĶ࣬ڼɱ긥׵Ĳûз֣صּǿ֣֤һ
㶨һ
ɱ긥׺󣬽ת
˼ոûס֣һ
긥ֿԴΧٿļһΪƣȻҪȽ
ȻᱻɱôͱʾûмֵҶ㵹ЩȤˣ˵ʽλãҿλá
긥ױɱ²ûĿ¶˼͡
УǺڰӢûõļֵҲʱսĴУҪɱ¡
´˵ˣҾӦûЩʤġ
ʼ硣
۾һУ
ãһϣ
ǣˡ
һɫսף쳣ǿ׳ˣӴµı˳
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һпЦߵǰƺ˿Ľøոɱ긥׵ħԼ
Ϊսʮ棬ûκ˿ԹķǶôǿĵˣ󶼻ȭ±
ȭͷԼ룬Լ°ͣȻ΢΢һЦ
Ǿԣ

Եķֻ̫ˣǾԷôܳΪµ¡
Ŵµŷ٤߾ͿƵľԷ
ֻҪ㹻󣬾ûʲôԷ˵
ڲðǣҲֳܱ̫ǿȥƳľԷһµľ衣
ߴ
٣
ը
ȷ𹥻һɱףִڳеĹħ룬װһȫԸħȫӡ
ڸ𣿡
Ϯĸħ㶼㣬ǿԼԷ壬ʮɵȫ£޴ȭͷſֲķѹŽ
ӰΡ
æ˲һҵ૵
գգҪǱҵˡ
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ŽʧҲͬʧ
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ۿ뼱ٳԼٺһЦִóһĵ緹ңȥ
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緹ҵ˲䣬ϹǣȻ󷢶˾Υķӡħ
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ķȷǿĹԣҲƳķ
ȫҪƳķֻҪӡҪԼʹ¾սʱɱ˾Ϳˡ
ȴµһֿ˵й߳ûܴĹ

ȻΪһʱ⣬ӡ˵緹ڣ̲סһֿڡ
ʵ̫Լ˵緹ܾô׵ıħӡ
̫ˣҪôżҾ䶨ˡ
緹ӽ棬Щǰȥ
Ѿˣһ˭

һ嶼еǵ˳
ҵħˣٽΪҵĶȡơ
Ҳϻһ䣬ʼħ
غϺͬóΧƵĻҲʿΪѡսռħʬ



ڰ˰ʮ ʮǴVS

׻ף
ŻϢĿֲһ׸ߣֳȻȨȵɫ˺˽̿
ɫ̩̹һ̩̹˷ʦӵб˻Ҫǿͨ޴ĻħҲǴ˴ζĶĵڰλڰӢ
´ˣⳡսӮˡ
һ罫ɽ̩̹̿ʦɢת£˵ʺȻ˱仯֮ǰαװСĽȫʧ
һˣڴµ£˵ʦѾȫû
²սһѧҺ;ʦó죬ħġ
˲ûʲôвԽѾҪʵˡ
ʵҲû뵽ô˳ΪԼɱһ˵ʱ򣬴¾ͻֲᷢԾֹû뵽Էȴʼûж֡
ǵģӮˣܺãܲû뵽ǸطȻܳ
˵ʵҺ㣬Ҳ㣬ʽ־ڱصã۶սǷʤ㶼Ҫʽλøҡ
ֻԸͶңڿԿϣŹĻڵ棬ҵ˭Բλ͵һ
УҪвңҲŹĻ棬ʱа취ɢȡҪĶ
´ַɵǰһ͵˵
˳սӽϿ̫ŵ㣬ǿ壬ѰħֶβԼǱɵİ˸еȫС
ֻҪԸͶԼô¾ͻһͽҲΪʲôھӢһɱȴһֱ޶Ϊҵԭ
˸˾ˣ˲ţһҪչ¡
µĵĻҲһ¡
û뵽¾ȻأҪ֪ʱĳ裬ȻԸΪŹֱӾͽεֵλá
ܳΪ֮ʮ棬Ҳǹ⿿ŷ٤ЧӦ䱾е˸ǲ͵ġ
ĽһʵǿķʦΪ˱Լ棬˵ʱľͬˡ
ϧǣҪĿ꣬Ǵ±ʮ
˼Ҿܾ
΢΢Ц
һ䣬һЦ·ɻԼ¡
ǾͿֶܼˡ
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ҪýʲôǾǾħ;һֱ첻еʱٳֽƷֱֹԱ
˺öడҵҲ٣
鿴ͷװ˲ͷ亹Ȼһӣװʮȫ˳
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½ǰЩͽˣ
ģҵʮȫ̫ʧġ
һ֣ԴʮڴսֳָȽˣǣϰڵ˹ȥ
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˵ǿидսʮʱûٺ˽֣Ѿ𣬲д˶Сèֻ
ʹˣҲܸɲС˺ǿŰھӢֲܽ
ڣȻһðʮˣôܲԾ
ͻȻЦ
ܺãû뵽ȻһֻǾţǳ
ʮ˵ȷһǶ֡߿ɲֻǰԼ
ΪǿټŷЧӦʵԶˡ
ֻҪԳ֣ټİʮҲʲô̫ѵ£ʱ򣬻õʮ˵ʬ壬ʮħ
Ȼͻӵһֱǿħ
βеˣ
£ԼŰ
µĻܲôġ
ȥ㶨Ǹ£ֹʲô۶ӣ½ҡ
ĳ˵˷Ըһһ˲ס˽ҪսĴǰ
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ÿǴҺܸˣҪǲǾͱԳֻˣ
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ǲѣǲҪɱѵõ˲š
Ǿ԰ɡ
΢΢һ



ڰ˰ʮ VS


ŴðѾŭ˴£ûֱӽɱ¸ˣȻʵ϶ήͣ
ŷߣ
ɫߴӴŽϮ
ʱ䣡
𵱼ʱ䷨򣬶סºĺߡ
Ȼʱ䷨Ӱ£Ǻֻͣ˲0.01룬ͼ˹
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ĺһ
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ΪŷߵϣѾˣֻû뵽ôǿ
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Խʱ䷨Ϳռ䷨򣬶ŷûá
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ⲻܣ
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ӵоħ룬һҲˡ
һΣһ˾ȻԿŷߣܹƽ
㵽˭
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ھԲŽֻǸͨķʦ
ңһֻͨħèѣ
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ȻƽŷߣµĹֶοɲŷߣ̬ʵ޷ȫʵҪɵ£Ҫǿè̬
è
һֻèǴ£ĳˡԼڻսµ˶¶˾ȵı顣
ΨèŮûκβ죬˻һɻĿ˵ˣ
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βһָµͷ˾ŵ޴ħȵʱǿϰٱĹϵħݺݵĳŴ˹ȥ
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Ҫɱңûôף
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䣡䣡䣡
Եȫ֣һֱһӣǿ򶼿䴩ˣźľˡ
𣿡
𷢳ôǿĹǱ˺ĵһ뷨Ǵˡ
Ψнüͷ
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ΪеǿߣûŷЧӦʵҲǿĿ£Ӳһɵԣûġ
Ҫ˺Ƭ
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ڣпԼǿķȫϣȻֻ׳ķצӡ
ͬʱһĽɫڱǿ
ŷЧӦţħ޷ã껹塣
Ҫɵֻͨ
ڻָ漶èҲǿ˺ܶ࣬ټһϵзǿħӳ֣Լ»õĹá
˵µǾͲòᵽʮǰĳɢںڰֻ֮֮һͶ̥תǸˡ
ǵģʮǰһֻںڰ֮ؽ̽ʱһʮɵ硣



ڰ˰ʮ ħ

ʱصʮǰ
ڰ֮أһֻڲͣǰ̽µ硣
Ȼĳһֻʲôͣ˷еĽŲȻʼʩչһʮָӵħ
ͬ
ԭǸӦһµǰ׼Դͬħ쵽ת
ֻħɣķֻ꿪ʼ͸ɢһûκʶĴǰƮ˹ȥ
ͬһǸδ֪硣
ս磬͸֪ʱٵı仯ʱٱٶ౶൱һ꣬һ졣
Ѿﵽ˶Ԫ漶Ƿֻ˼άʱٶ౶ҲӦ
Ȼʮ棬ÿһ涼Сߵʵǿ
ĴȻߵǺһĶԪ֮·֮ǰСӣĴһǴһһ硣
Ĵһ׶Ԫֻûô࣬Ҳǿϲ١
Ҳ棬ȴѾʮ
֪ǲǴܸоƺûڱֵô򵥣ͺǿ󣬲ֹʮ棬ȴֻʣʮ档
ȸϽתɣ
Ϊ˱˱߷ֱ֣ѡһ棬ȻƮ˹ȥ
Ǹ󣬾ֽʽת˴˳򣬽˿תĵط
еת޷Ǿ֣һɢתһתͶ̥
һʹá
Щ˽ֻҪƭ߽磬˳ӦߵתȻݵ
طǺ͵ظЩ񣬲ôôִ
˳ת֮أת֮أӡ񻰴˵еĵظЩ񣬲ûеظɭֲĸо
ҪЩŶǵǹļһȻŸﺰţֱȹǸΡ
ˣλŮʿŶǰǱλ벻Ҫӣųһţԣ˵ľ
תͶ̥е鷳Ҳ󡣡
ȻתģʽǵڶתͶ̥ģʽ
ڽ˵϶ǵһģʽãΪģʶתۺȥת
ڶҪ鷳һЩΪмܻרŸкĨȥͶ̥
ֻǿȣҲͱһͨǿһЩ϶޷Ĺ񣬵һ·ȥԻ󣬻ǿġ
ԣЩǹһע⣬һ׼ӵ꣬ڴȵĽк£ЩǰС

ˣ࣬ǰ¼񼫣죬ȸȥת
ڽǰһ꣬һУǹһƻŽķѺ˳
һ
߽ӣһĳǰ
һʮӴĿռ䣬ž޴ĺ̺̺ľͷһжʮ׸ߵĴ
ϰڷһ͵绰һװŸֱʵľͲ豭Լһдħĸֵӡ
ĺ棬һʮ׸ߵľˣͷţñɫڷһ޴ıӡ
ףôû֣ѵˣ
ħһ߷һ߿Ľʵ
ʲô֣ĸ򣿡
£ÿֻҪ½꣬Ȼʾ͸ǰ¼оûµ
ǣոȴ⣬ʱȻûκηӦòֶҡ
ҽн𡤿ţԵ򡣡
۾һתص
ǰǸ˾Ե˵ҲǴڵġ
ˣ𡤿ţҡ
ħ飬Ȼ۾һ㱣һҳϿ˹ڽĽܣ
ҵˣţܲĹѡãֱȥת
ˣҲãҪֱת
ЦŻص
ո¹۲һ£Ǹһ־ֻħʱĲһϵķαһŲڵϢ
ֱתҪãõĻǷǳѵõģϣҪʲôʱתԡ
ħЩѵ
УõҲǼģ󲿷ֱֶȥתҲвСһҪȥͷ
ǵһμȥֱҪתġ
ãȻˣǾȥתתɣ
ллˣ
ǰħʾл󣬽һǹĴһСγȻȥνתء



ڰ˰ʮ ֮

оϤѵǸ磿
СγϣŸոտһУﰵ˼š
ǶǹħЩһʮϤĸоǰܾ֮ǰĳ綯
ƾŸոЩƺȫȷϣҪһת󿴿
Ǹ磬ǻǸ磬ϵǶıԣŲСİ
ˣתأȥͿתˡ
ǹͣһǰòܵ
ԭת궼ҪŶӰĹʱתʸõˣתȻҪһЩרͣںʱ䡣
鷳ˡ
Ҳ³˵ǰĳ
Σյģһǿ߹עкܴʻᱻʶꡣ
ֻҪתͻԶϢɣԺ籾Ĵ棬Ҳһܷ쳣
ҲǸոΪʲôֱӾܾħãֱѡתԭ
һתһ㰲ȫ
ȥˣתװãӦתڴ֮ңˣˡ
תأǹæСԱߵĿǰһۻҵĲ󣬰ť
ҲǸˮͰһ־޴УŽʧˡ
Ҫҵļ䡣
оԼתĹУһķʼãҪļȫûзԼļһʧ
겻ֻ꣬Ƿֻ꣬Ǳɾм䣬ֻҪ䲻⣬ͿԻָ
Ȼ⵽ѾȫҲ漴ʧ갴趨õ·ߣ˳򣬿ʼת
תۼ䣬ŸµʱȥˣٴָͨʱѾһҽԺӤϡ
Ȼ硣
һºӤϣһڽϱĽѾȫȷԼĵ硣
֮ж磬ʵкܶ㡣
ڵн֮ĿƼܷкܶС¿Ӥдܡ
࣬࣬йˡèˡ˺ͻ˵ǻ࣬ǺദǢ
Ŀǰһˡ
ЩȷǱ·ڵϾͱɳӵܽңɾֻһˡ

ڤָʵɡ
ڴӤڣ۾ʼճڤ룬ո
ͨ磬ֻͨԼںڰ֮ҵ磬Ȼû壬ûСˡ
Ҫָʵֻͨڤһ
ŷⲻǰ˹̫̫ôû㡣
̫̫Դ꺢Ӻ󣬰˹ûָڼҾ⼸ŷҴС
С֮ǰ˵ĺȡͲ𣿡
û취Сһƺ԰ͲֲϲһֱҽзӦҺͰ˹ţ͸ˡ
ɢ·ϣһĸװ˹̫̫ƺĺѣȻ·
ԴˣҲû⣬Ǽװ˯ڤ
תļͥƺǳǮҲʡٵ鷳ֻҪÿ찴ʱӪרڤָʵͺá
˹̫̫ҼɣѧһµƷʽζǳãÿԽССʶ
һͨĺ󣬲̫̫跢롣
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꣡Ƿ״Ůꣿ
һ£ĸ׺ǽвҲǷܽ缼ΰѧң֮׸
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Ҳǣ֮׸ļͥҲǳǮͬһеǮ໥ʶҲ
ǿ̫ˣ̫̫㣬ҳԹóԵ㡣
Բĸ׵룬ĸ׺ԥľͬˡ
ʮӺ󣬽ĲԶһռԲν֮׸ʿĺլ
ӭ˻
սţһΧȹɨѵܻˣͳ˵ǰ
Ͳأ
̫̫Цʵ
ָָܻĻеţ
ʿС㶼Ժ
̫̫ͷŰ˹̫̫ͽǿǽһĳԺӡ
Ժȥĸֶ˹̫̫Ц
Ǽһôĳ
û취ϲûϲЩè˹Ұ֮ĴԺ
̫̫ۣЩΡ
̧ͷһֻ׸ߵһĴԱܹҲǳ˳顣



ڰ˰ʮ ǰ

ڵĲ꣬Ҳ˵鿪ʼʮҵʱ䡣
ϣӤĽһڤ룬һ߰˼š
ڱĸ״ȥͺҲڵĲ꣬ͨλĸ׵죬֪ڵĲꡣ
У״ȥ飬ҪԸҵδİӣӵƺӦʮʱ
ʮҵʱ䣬ӦùָһЩʵˡ
ûСǸ⿿Լ㿪ʼָ϶ûDCôˡ
ڣǰ磬ƺҲûʲôѣҾ֣ܶŶԼȥ
˵ʵҵ磬Ǻġ
ΪڿֲԼȱݣҲˡ
ʵǽ׶ԪԺ󣬵ħҪĲһ㡣
һǿߣһҪսʿ涼ûС
֮ǰԼʵʱҲһֱûкԹһ飬øоǿǿڤʱͨǿַǿĻƽס
ǣվǴﲻĳ̶ȡ
ʱҲ룬һһħͷ޷̫õĶ֣ڵʵ
һԽʵﵽ۷磬ǿ
ȿŻǿԼﵽޡ
֮DCķҪȥʹսˣµŷЧӦԻħ
ҪܺɱҪʮѧúǿķ
˵ʵڵģ綥ǿߵƻǺǿģɳǸ𣬾Ϳｫ䱬
ƻʹʵǿֲ
Ǹȫһ˲佫ʮȫĨıҲ
һתۣʱȥˡ
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죡
Ĭ˵֣һ߼ʻһóèͷӥλ
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תɹ󣬻ָȻҲͺ
ȻʼʱȽ鷳ȺʵָԽ࣬ôָٶҲǿ
ͱһʱָٶһʱΪǿˣָٶȿܾʱܾߣǶʮ

ĸСʱ󣬼ʻŷĽ𣬰èͷӥλһƬ룬ҵǸӵС
ȻúõĶѧϰãô϶Ҫҵһʵʦָ
֮֮ʦҲǹˣĿǰʵѡ
Ҳ˵ʵںڲʲôʽľͶãûмܳ
Ĺǵ׶ΣҲһֱյʹá
Ҫǣ˿ǻħⲨ綼BUGһʽ񶼿Էӡ
ǰӡˣõĶǷӡħħⲨȻЧƣϻǲһġ
ٿŷСϣһԾ£Źݴ˹ȥ
ˣ
ڽְ塣
ʣʦڼ𣿡
Ȼ˼壬ûյκλӦ
̽һ˿Ƭ̺ǲ˳顣
ͷȻͶһɫ
ʱľ֪ݿŮٵĽѧƵ
λѾٶͺͷĴǣھӻ׵λãŲӣɫеĺǺţ
һһ̧ȣŶ̧һЩǶȼֱһһתѹȣβ̧ߡ
ſţȻıѪ˳æֽϣȻ
Ҳý̲ס̾ٶ꣬һֱֳģҲͦġ

Կ׿׵λһָݵĴ򿪣ż˿λá
ʱ˵ĻȫڵŮУ˿ûвĵ
ߣҲѾֻǲԸʱɢԼľһЩõĻ档
ҲûȥŹ˵ġˡԹԵɳһ̲
ŸϿһС
ˣ͵ټ
ʮӺ󣬵ٵŮָ˹ڡ
ܼܼ
ҲĹϵӣվ
̫ˣĿҪܴһһθΪһһξͺˣ



ڰ˰ʮ ˵

ʣʦ𣿡
̲ϣɳ¡
ǡףС˭ôҼң
˴˴ԼȻһζһƨʵ
ҽн𡤿ţҪΪʦѧϰ
ǳֱӵ˵ԼĿġ
´һ½𣬰˰֣
УУͲͽˣ㻹ôСĻؼҰɣȻҪˡ
˵꣬תıȥƺҪԵ㶫ոıѪ
ڹ˵ķӦԤϣΪһӵ֮ôո֪ݵСΪͽ
ΪͽΪǹ˵ĺӣƶԳ
ȻԶȻ˽İ취
͹ûʲôϵ߲·ߣǿ߿·ߣù˵ԼΪͽ
ʦҸһȿ
žĴһָȻжһԸеŮд漯
˴򿪱䣬óһ֭׼ȵ㲹ѪŤͷÿед漯֭һӣһӰ˽ǰ
һѽед漯ȥڵϿʼһҳһҳ
˻ˣŷɲˡ
ʮӺ󣬹˿д漯վ
ȿȣнǰɣû뵽СС;˶£ɽЩֻϷһ£ϷΪ֮񣬿ɲôͽ
ô
֪Ϸٴδһָϰٱд漯
ż롭ż롭̫ˡ̫ˣ
һɣſڵһ߷һ߲Ϸ˷ܺ;
ǰСʱɫѾЩǱҸĴԲŽָҲƺʲôĿ
Сոô£ôһָܱôöҲûܽңѵûȥʱ䣬ֳʲôµĿƼ
ҳеĳֻҪҿĶ󲿷ֶԱ
װĻص
˵ɳõ˵ǣΪϱһЩߡ
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ҲΪӵгͽչֳĳ죬£ĸĸû̫ԣȻҲûá
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һ˫ð⣬ٶ꣬Ȼ֪вӵĳߣеĳǵһ
ǸǸǸС𰡣㿴ܱܲһŮӣֳĻáɰഺŮӡ
˫ֱSΣϾɫеڴ
У䲻
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ĿǰָʵԴһʻ࣬Ҳô
ԸΪͽҿԸģʲôģĶԡ
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˲䣬˵ϿձһһģһԸŮɡ
ֻλò·־ͬŮɣûֻһ߸߷Ĺ轺Ʒ
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סŮɵ˲䣬ĴкǿҵӾù˴ӱǿıѪ
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ڽܹϸĹѵ壬ѧϰڵ

賿ĵ룬ڤеĽ𱻹˵ѡ
С𴲣𴲣Ҫʼϵˡ
ˣ
ӴһԾ£ŸŹ˷ǰĿյϡ
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ѧϰĿĲΪ˴ܶŹΥΪ۸ߣҲŮӿ˵ѽǿ󰡣һǡ
ѧϰҪǿ壬ȻĿ꣬ȥһЩǿ֮ˣݺݵĽѵǡ
Ź˵Ľ⣬˵ͷ
˵ʵ˳ɫôһ㣬Գ֮Ϊһʦ
ûչ֮ǰ˿˵ǿ࣬ûԼΪΪСһͨСͷ
ҾôĺɫҲǿŮʲôǱһͨŮ׷ŴҲȥ֡
٣Լ̶ֳȡ



ڰ˰ʮ ʰ֮

ܺãôȸܰɣסֻ壬ĳ
һ󣬹ԼĹ
룬ĬʱӡԼеħ
ȻµȻҪסħħڣܶѵЧܶۿۡ
ʲôʱΣգʱԽӡ
һǰһ˺ܿ˵ϵһţ̵꣬ţ̵ϰǸţͷˣţͷţţ̣ܺ
ˣҪţ̵Ŀͻͼ
ţͷϰóһŵͼȻһţ̰˳
˽ӹͼ˿ססַ
ˣͽǰɡ
˵Ĳֱ𣿡
ţͷָָԱߵСֱ
ã˾Ͳˡ
˰˰֣ȻԽ˵
һţ̣ȥĵһҿͻ⣬ȫ̱ķʽǰС
˯ǰжԽһЩ򵥵Ĳԣ֪Գסʲôѵ
ҲûԹԣǱţ̾͸Źں
ʱ䣬ȻڤʱħͬʱҪһţ̽˵ɲô򵥵¡
Ҫ֪ǰкܲǰУѶɲһ㣬οһʮţ̡
Ϊ˶ǿȣѧϰãЩʲô
ҵĽȥ֪ķ
ԾǰĹУʱʱһЩָЩָƺͨϸ⣬ʵǹļɡ
ʵڽ˵ϲĲħ
ǰСʱһľɨײ˻ͷϴѧ磬ѧϰȭȻҲֻǸҵѡ֣ĺϲ
ԽΪԭħ֮·ΪһħʦԴ֮Ĺ϶ħԷ
ٻڽսżôһΣҲֻʵ޴󣬰ٷְӮŻöԷ
˵ѡûдֻЩź
һΣҲķֻ磬ʰ֮ģֲԼһĨź
СԶеǿֻļⶼ⣬Ҫѧܷӳǿ
һҿͻƿţ̺󣬽Źýǰһĵڶҿͻֻһ·
ҪҪǰС
ͬУھһЩָοƼ⡣
˵ָҲȷýࡣ
־ٶָ֮ƿԽԽǿܷӳҲԽԽࡣ
˵ǰԼעҩħǿȵЩǹ˵ָϼͻơ
ԭ1ħǿ2Ǿ˵ָܸõü⣬2ӵ5
ʱıʻ2ȴܷӳ5
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Ҫ̨ףһվˣ̨ףţ͸ɽϵܣߵľС
Žһͷĺ˹Ц˵
ܾûͽˣһλ򷹺ţħСӣҲ֪˹ô֪ʦ
ﲻżߣúø壬вһ顣
ӹݳѾСʱ̫ո֮ʱů⡢µĿͽķ羰
һʱ䣬Ȼȴϵƣͣ۾һǰУҲģĸӦڣƺй֫ٺӿ֡
ûмһڷӡħȫͬ
츳ôãŵһξиˣ
ǰĹ͵ͣ½ŲһԾĿۼǰеĽ
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Ҫ֪ʱ򷹺ţħǻ˺ܾãԼ꣬ȿȣá
֪ǣȻڵǿľɲټϱҲǶԪ漶꣬һ˿Աġ
˽Ȼؼҳ緹
һվ󣬹˴ŽܷعݣȻ߽׼Ϊһٷʢ緹
˴ȻҪḻӪά
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ĳµʡ²ٵѡ
óͣ˶ʱ۾һ
ΪһΪҲû̫



ڰ˰ʮһ 

緹󣬹˽쵽ϵĴׯͽְũأأɸֹȫļ⣬˳ѡ
緹ϢһСʱֽһžʹĺ׷ɱ£ںﷴӾ
ѵӦ棬Ȼ󵷵ϵķѣĹ
ЩѵʹħĻȻڻ£ӡħֻȥɣ˵ʵʱȷ۵İ
һԸоĿ˼ǿҲӦһĴڡ
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ʱɳĮʱʱܵϣʱڱڵĺֵθѶȶС
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ѵҲı仯ı䡣
ڿӦһѵʱָ˶ʮĹǣӦ˶ʮĹǺ󣬹ָ˺Լһʮġ
һ󣬽վڹݵſڣһ
𣿡
һԼѾ˼ƿأҲڼԽ۳
ԣÿһڶڵֻҪ㹻ƿأͿԽͷų
˿ŽеҲǲһ̾
û뵽ڶ̶һʱ䣬ܽѵ̶ȣȫ۳
죬ҾͽһУҲǹǿһУѧͿ뿪Լȥˣ
˵ţԼĹǣȻһȣԭɿݵȻ˲һͷ
ꡪɡ
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䱬ʲô̫ѵ£˳һħܺ䱬һԲٿʯˡ
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йٽɱ˼ʮϰٱ
ѧУǿı۳óɱ۵ĹС
ҪĹĹħʩչĹһϵܵһЩħķӰ졣
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һº󣬽óܽһӣɷ˽ȥ
ѵѾȫգҲѧˣĶ⣬ʵսħʵս
԰õȥƿغͷǱ
ȻڤָħԼȳÿ춼ҪֻЩͰͿԣϾѾǵˡ
ħҲͬĸǿ
Ǳ͵ģˡ˻Ѫˡɳûȡ
ħʹȷʽıô⿿ҲǿߵĶ֡
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Ҫһǲˡ
˵žҪ·
ôУ̵ܽĶ̸ˣҪҪȥôôûϢ
һɫһ䣬װĳ
ʦ˵Ķԡ
ЦЦã˷Ŀء
ŷʧڿк󣬹ǲ˲ͷ亹˷ܵĽԼĹһӣܽӣšžһ¹ˡ
СһˣϺҲȥˣڿԷſˣ
ӵӻµͳһɫĺӣȡܽҰһӣʱһ޴Ĺӳ˿
ڣһýĳʮ߲ͬòĵĹ轺Ůɡ
仹СټϺ궢ţΪʦ϶Ҫ˼һԼӺͶԽӰ죬һֱţûзݹ
ڽˣϺҲȥˣôŽѵҲڿԺٺٺˡ
ϼһ¹ƿˣ
ʻ֮ĽҲ¶һ˿΢Ц
ôǿܸӦ˸ոոûʲô
ҲǣСӼĹˣÿ챣ôֹ۵̬ȣô׶Ƹеˡ



ڰ˰ʮ ǰ

Զɵ󣬽ȻһӰԭʧ
ֻǾкսʱܲʹħ߽ݾճУħȻҪħ
ܽʡʱ䣬ܸħΪʲôá
Ӱʡʱ˷ʱ䣬佫ħӪḻʳʱ䵽УһЩħҲħƷƴ·ȵȡ
һˣ
֮ļУƿţһڴ˸к
ǵģڽ꣬ĸĸ˶̥
ҪԭڣʱҪȥ׶԰飬ȴ⵽ڤĽֱӾܾ
չʾԼĳʵǱһЩħԼҪĳΪǿߵ롣
ĸĸȻǲͬģϣ̳Ӵļҵĸ׸о̫Σգϣƽƽ
ʵ֤һȫĸĻ뿪ĸʱĸúһ취ûеġ
ֻЭȻҹţ˵ڶ̥
𣡡
磡
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ȵձ󣬹Ϊ˵ʦѵõĴһ¡
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ﰵԸ̾ǵ뺷Ůˣǳ򣬹ƾûбʲôˡ

һľս򷹡
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֮񣬿Ǽһ￴Ų˰Ԥһ£ǲ֮ǰԤԴˣ
³˹ָԤ㲻˵˵
Ԥ׼ȷ㣬ȻιʳʹһμһΣûУ
⵹Ǹ⣬һЩ
һԵά˹Ц֡
ôԣ
ԤʱŵĴ˳ȻʼԼԤ
Ƭ̺Ԥ۾ڵ
ڲúͻһλУֽнܡܡѽ˴ҵԤ
˵һ룬ԤͻȻԤģʽ˳
³˹״ʱһƽ˳ȥ
һڣÿֻ׼١
һְҿɰﲻҪһ֣Ҳܲ鵽λá
ά˹³˹Ŀ⿴ԼЩʼ硣
³˹ֻòټ⣬ǿ˵
ȻǾȲˣҪúݸ裬ٳԵʳˣ˯ʱ䣬ɳǼһô
ƻְǻΪ˲ͣͨ𲿷ĸӽ
³˹ȽҲȽ˯Եһ꼸ʮϰ꣬ԼĹ
ڣЩгһʵ㲻ĸɳԵĵƻҲһЩ
֮ǰԸ𱴼ǵҲִеĺܺá
ά˹еȨʩչˮˮ˱³˹ϲ¶ȡ
³˹ȥ˯ڳ
ߣǸռͷռ˾ȻԼѵڶͷңΪҲ֪
ȳʳȥɳɣ
Ȼû⣬³˹ˣÿԿǱôõʱ䣬ûҵʲôµʳ
ά˹쿩Ц
ͱ³˹ʦͽ˿ŹͬİãǾʳ
ʱջصĽ𣬲Լ°૵
ոԤԷѵΪǱʱĶʹƻע𣿡
Ϊ漶ѾǶԪ漶ԤԷȻʮ
ԵԤԷԤ˺صʱʩչӦķ򣬽Ԥˡ
ö룬ʹԤԤԵģҲʹƻǸײˡ
ԭ飬ƻѻҪʮʱ䡣
²⣬ԼǱǱǰƻˡ



ڰ˰ٰʮ ɳ

ҲãÿܲܽӴһ£Ȼʹѧѧڼ⹦
ƻѣûʲôŵĸо
ϾھͲħȫǱ壬Ҳƻʵ㲻ûҪ߳һЩ
ϵҲû£ķͻչʹƻ񶼲ɱԸϽһӡ
ҪǸز˭ӡ˭һء
ؼҲᵽǸز³˹ƻ⣬ֲ񣬷ʱͦò
˶ʮ㣬Ǿʳ
ԱʳҪӦòʲô̫ѵ¡
ʮ󣬲ڤԼĽѡ
ˣոտִӴǱ߹˵ǸɳѾˡ
Ŷˣȥɣ
ռţٴǡ
ʱյȫվڴϵķſڣĿĳλһʮǿа
Ϊ֪ɳӵˣѾȫе˴
øҽ
ȿ˸Ӧһ¸ɳȻŤͷա
ɳԱڿǱǿϲ٣ԿȭʵҪǿɳܶࡣ
ǰղ֣ܲþûʲôˡ
Զʱԭ
ȿҲ̫ƤˣǸŦսӶһ˽ģҲҪ͸ɳǿսһ¡
ȿ۾һתûлش
˸ǣɳҲֿԱǿʵ壬ڸܵûбǰɲҪŶ
ʱߵԱѵ
ɳĳսʮ򣬵ȷȲȭıȿˣڶ̬ս͵һ򣬱ȭıȿֻʮ
̬սͽӽѾճ̬µĲˡ
ؼ⻹ûнܼ̬սֱʮǧϣȰٷְȫź󣬸Ǵﵽһǧ
սȭʮҲ޷ɵĹȫʵĸɳ
ʦ֣
ֺ˲˿ֻҪнڣôܸɳô£ΪǾýһȸɳ
Ҫָ̫ңյʱҪҪάǲΪ͸ɳս𡣡
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֣վп޷ˣͦоһ³ģʽܲħһ£ʱԼϡ
˵ıҪ˵ĻͷŭЩǱֻҪһγ˱ħԭ
ԭ󣬾ܷħʽֳô񸽼ħһһ̬ħ
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һ˲佫ʵʮЧǷǳɹ۵ġ
ǿǴӦϣҪǺˣҪǺ˶սлˣǴܸɳҲûˡ
ģһܴܸɳ
Ѹٵĵ˵ͷȻڽĻŲɡ
Աߵıȿǳ˳죬һ䣺
ô
˵ǣҲֻ˲ŻţȿһҲš
ʲôǺ˵ƽڣֱӸɵɳ͸Ҫˡ
Ҳ׽ǣûнҴ
ҪҲǲҽҴʱͷ鷳ɾͲˡ
ѾܹԽ𣬱һСʱ۸ĳΪȫûϣܳԽվѾĿˡ
ˣ
ӺϵĸɳŻ̵ĺƤǺɫƤԼʮɳսʿ߷˹
ǶսԿܸܿսĶ٣ҵյڵλá
ȻƽʱʶϵԸɳսʾսǴˮġ
һǸɳɣұȿ㣡
ɳճ֣ûü˵ȿֱӱͳȥ
ռ״ʱԭأգ˰ɳҲһ¡
˫棬û˵ֱӿɣҲ̫򵥴ֱ˰ɡ
״̲סҡҡͷ֪ȿΪǰȥսɲǸɳĶ֡
ȿˣôʦѾ˵˸ɳҽ
һΡ
ȿһ߳ɳһߴЦŻص
˭㶯´Σ´ø㣬ȥЩСධɣ
׼׼ȿ˲ǸɳĶ֣һϡ
յļ򣬶Զʱһɾһ¾ˡ



ڰ˰ٰʮ һָ

ʮսѹܴܻŦսӣþûļһˣרһˣ˼
ɳսϱȿ˵ս¶аЦݡ
ܿЦݾͿˣΪȿھвʮʱһóȭսֱ쭵һٶʮ
䣡
ӦĸɳȿһȭصĴϣȻֱӴԼϱ˳ȥ
ɳ
ɳɣǺʱ󾪣Ҫǰæȴֺ򷹷ֱ
ֶԶǣģ򷹵սսҲȫǶ֡
ںһȺɳ£һǧǧʵľͽһսԽ
ɳҪΪϼսʿмսʿ¼սʿ
ϼսʿսҪǧϣһЩмսʿսǧǧ¼սʿսǧ¡
ԸɳܳưҲûԭһ¼սʿǰĵǶǿĴڡ
׼һ£ȿһŲסˣ
Ǳ߸ɳŭıڶ׶ΣһСǿ׳Ĵ߸ͱȿս
Ťͷĵһ䣬Ȼʩչ佫е˱ԷֹǱನ˵
ôһ򷹡ּҲԻ˶֣ص˽ߡ
ɳĿԱǱȿ˸ʤһ
ɳɲֹһΡ
͵
ȻĻ䣬Ǳ߸ɳٴαȿ˴ɺ󣬲һǵѪЦ
û뵽ȻܱóڶαܺãôҾͻ֪ʲôĿ־壡
ֻһٴη仯׳͹𣬵İɫǴ̴ӱ󳤳սҲһ˽ӽ
飡
ɳһɫߣֱӴ͸ȿ˵ؿڣ˲ˡ
һսٷ֮ʮѹɳڵսѾ˱ȿ˰ٷ֮ʮһ򵥵ȿˡ
ȿˣ
ȿؿڱȥ˶ʱ󾪡
û뵽ոջȿѹŴĸɳڶαȻǿôࡣ
ιһɶͺˣ
һ죬ȿ˵˲˷ڡ
˿Զ֫ʮǿȿ˵ȻֻҪʱɶǿѸϻָġ
æӴóһɶι˱ȿˣȿҲ˳ָ
Сģո˵ԼԱһΡ
֪ˣܺĸֽ֣̫ˣ
յ˵ͷһ˷ܵĳ˳ȥ
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ԭΪɳɱõѿ֣һεĿ޷ٴ鸴ڣֿ϶ˣֲΪձɱһΡ
ɱһҲУΪֻûõ鸴ѵͱȿҲɱˡ
Ҳûãǵ飬һǿԸ
ǽڳ˶ɱ֪޷ٸľԷŭΪý飬ɹ
ҪûħˣձȽϵӦûʲô⡣
ˣŶȻǸˣһôЩ죿
ɳյβͺĳ࣬˵𱴼ǣǸΨһһڷˡ
ҿɲΪƻˣҸϲˡ
ղͬڱȿˣȻɳʮ⣬ǻشԷ⣬ٽսҿʼǲϲȫ
ս˾Ϳʼˡ
ջǸɳ̲סȱ˵״̬սǧ
ռ״Ҳʮȭսǧһɳڲͷˣٷְս˲һǧ
˶ʮȭսҲﵽ˼޵ǧ
ǣȻǧһǧĲ̫Ѿﵽ˰ٷ֮ʮܶԿ
ʱ״֪ʱˣڸɳҪ˽ʱͻȻ˵м䡣
һָɳ˳ȥ
ʲôˣ
ɳոձеĶͷǾɫ
Ѿսȫ״̬ǸոսǰʱȻһ㶼ûв
һƼ򵥣ȴ쵽ڵ޷㿪Ǿˣڵ壬һͷҪѿĸо
ͱʾһֱսսʾΪļһʵʵսܱߡ
ԸɳʣֱѡӣȻŤͷգͷһ㣬ʩչһողűþĻ
жͷ۾



ڰ˰ٰʮ ְɣˣ

Ȼӱ
ԷԼȫԼɳŭˣһָһɫֱԷĺס
֮ǰٱĻͷһνӣΪ֪ԼҪǱ־ͿŪ֡
ڣѾսȫȻһָͿʼЩʧˡ
СʱоЩǿǷǳµĴڣԼһܱŪ֮䡣
ǵΪЩ¶ǸǿĶʱͻ֣ᷢʵҲûʲô
һš¡Ъ˹ġ
Щηˣʵٺ١
߸ϣһЩսʿŵõЩ߼鶼ͷ۵Ĵڡ
ڷֽʵܱԼҪǿ̬Ҳ˱仯ǸĮ飬һжƿеӡ
ž
һӣֱӽߴɣڱ۵ǰųһħ
ҪվѳΪʱԭħ
ڵģ
Լɳ̧ԼָһɫʼѸٳ֣Ȼͣͱһֱ׵ľ
ܵǺɫ̺Ŀֲڵıȿ˵˺˵ɫȫˡ
ôӴһҪ䱬ˡ
㣬һջǿСȻȥɴؼ˯
Ūýħ󣬽תŸɳ˵
ǿڸɳƻ³˹ôһ˿ĹϵոֱӾͽĨȥˡ
ʵֻҪɳδٶǺ͵֣ûҪΪȥɱɳ뷨
Ϊʹɱ˸ɳ淨򣬸ñһᱻƻ𣬲ûʲôͬ
ٿЦˡʲôЦϲбҸǿˡܣ
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ڸɳԼĸ׿λƻ³˹Ӧû˱
ʵԼóȫ׿һԼǿƻ³˹Ҫ˵ˡ
ǾȥСлɣ
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ףʼˣ
ʱ𱳺ͻȻʼȲķŭڵҲǷʲôѧӦٵ
ˣȻͰհɣ
ջԭɱɳ̧һɳſֲĻֱӵɵУٴתħϡ
ԭšȷͦ˼ġ
յͷƣսһ·Ƶһǧ򣬽Ҳɣ˱ĸԭתһ̬ħ
Ǳ߿ŽɵԼȫĺɫ򣬸ɳᵽʵĲࡣ
ͬʱڿһֱ۾Ǹͷƣʵ˲ֱѹƵĸо૵
ѵǸ˵ģĴνĳˣ
ףô£ôҶţ
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ǵøոս˲˸ɳ˭֪ɳȻֿʼˣ˵̬ɱܡ
Ȼɵ̬̬ڰ̬һֱֲĵһ̬ڴΪԶܱܵʦ֡
󣬵һ̬ĸɳ棬ɱ˰ڵˡ
ͱȿʧʧ뵽Ҳûа취
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׼һ̬ĸɳʱǰֵ˵ʬȫʧ·ʱ䵹ָֻʼӡ
ʵոտЩǼٵģΪ˼ûбǣǱĻ
ܺãûʦʧڼȥɳɣ
һοյļֱ˲Ʒ˱ȿ˵ԡ
ԭǡ
˺һŷӦתͷɳٴαķŭ
ȻһжǼٵģԺлŸɳŰɱʱǲ̵ӣͷŭһûм١
ô£
ǿ󵽿ֲļһֻȥˣȻܱɴ˵г˵ǸˣҪ˵Ŀ⿴ԼɳһʱҲЩˡ
⵽ΪֹĶ£Ҳ̬ըˣһû÷ŭӦɣ



ڰ˰ٰʮ һ

ɳ
Ͻɫ͵һǣҪķŭɳɱ˹
ɳҲǶͷǣϷɫ
̫ˣҪСң
һǧսĳһգһǧսȫ帥ɳ
յĽԶ׼ոʤһûøɳͱմˣ˵ϡ
߰ɣԺҪˣ
ȻɳûɱңҲͲɱֻǾһ䣬Ͳٹܸɳˡ
ӵĻɳоԼ⵽һ㱩
Ǹ֪ĿֲҲͰˣԭɻģҰһˣȻҲҲͷϣ˵
ɳ˵ʲôҲʲ
Ƕȥǰɣ
ɳ۳Լûд뿪գ͵Ĺ뵽˵¡
ʱǿʼ𶯣ؿѣİѷɣ·ĩһ㡣
ǿʲôãˣҿ棬ǿ𣿡
䱬ǵĵغˣɳվĴЦ
ʲôˣ
ʱеȨһöʩչ޸ħ
һ˲䣬ѿĴغ£ľָΪսըһӣٴƽˡ
ǣص˸ɳǻûнǰӡ
˾øɳЦȻֹͷϲ˼ε亹
ҵ˼ǡȱˡټ
ʶʱΪܣ֪һʤ㶼ûк󣬸һѸٳԼķɴ˹ȥ
ʵеģû
ȱסȻȥһʱ䣬ʵٻ
γôĿǾԲܾô˵ġ

ȻԵѾԵĶ⣬ôܲ
ڸɳʱŸɳķһ
䣡
ǹӽзɳ˲仯һЯŸǿѹСͷ籩Ѹ׷ܵĸɳֱӷֽ˿
ȻʵǾȥɣҲʡԺ鷳
ʵħֻǿܹɳĵֱӴ
ԭɳ뿪ű治ɱȻɳûôʵ
ɻƽɳȻҲʲôвǷҲ鷳
Ѿ˳һԭתħݺ׾Ϳݳȶֿܡ
ԺͲҪΪģˡ
ֲ̫ˣ
Žһɵ˸ɳͬʱһ̾
ɳѾǿˣձ˳˸ǿȻǺͽȣͲһˮ׼֮ϡ

ڲڴƻ³˹ԳԽٵٶȷеʹά˹ͻȻһɲͣ
ôˣά˹ͣŲˣ
Ϊά˹ļɲñ³˹һͷײĺϡ
ά˹һԼȻص
š³˹ˣڸոգҪҵĸɳѾɱˣҪȥ𣿡
ɳɱˣ滹бȸɳǿˣǽǳˣ
ɳɱ³˹ȻǳԾ
˵УɳʵϻҪСڵڣ˯ĶʮǰӦû˭ܱȵϡ
Ų²ǽˡ
ڵĽȻϹʱڵĽʵʮǧôȸɳҪǿϲٵġ
ֻǽӦ֪ŸɳĿģӦûֲŶԡ
һ£
ά˹ԼȳмȦȥص
ǽǵβõϽĸɳ
ССȻô⵹ͦټ
ƻ¶Щɫ
ϵǵλ͵ˣͨǴÿϵѡνΣʵ󲿷ֶܵ͡
ףȻˡ
ʱά˹Ҳѵõ¶˳Ծ顣
ΪԸоŅ̀ͷǿľԽռֱӶλƺҲ͸ȹ۲¶һò΢Ц˵ͷ
ʱϵĽ𣬸һɳȻӦڹ۲Լ˳ǹӵʹ⻷ά˹ͳèһƻ³˹
˳ſռŻȥɣеȥȥ
յ˽һ䣬⿪֣Ӱһʧԭء
ٴγʱѾά˹ͱ³˹ߡ
ά˹˺ͱ³˹𣿡
Ȼ˲ƣ
³˹ͻȻǰĽٴ¶˳Ծɫ
ά˹ڽֺƺӦʲôһֱĶŽ˫۵ͫ׿ʼ
ڳΪǰѧһЩħ
ЦЦ



ڰ˰ٰʮ VSƻ

ɱ˸ɳʵӦúܲʲô֣
³˹´Žʵ
³˹˿Գƺҽǵ񣬵кܶʳά˹˺ͱ³˹ʱĻԹƷһ¡
һҽܣһ
³˹Զʱ۾һ
⵹Ǻܲҿɸ㣬ʳ⣬ҿǻὫֱӻֻȥظħǸһﱨˡ
ţСеġ
˵ͷ
涼Ϊɶõʳı³˹ʳҪѾǵ͵Ĳ̫ˣ֪ʳǶôѳԡ
ڴʱά˹ȴͻȻı³˹ļָŽЦе
³˹ˣҲµĲĻλ𣬾ǸҪҵһٵļһ
ʲô˵ССʵܺҲࣿ
³˹һĲš
Ҳڻ٣δ˵ˣ
ά˹Ц
ά˹ô˵³˹һӶԽȤ
Сдһȥʳô
⡭СҲûе³˹ˣðɣ
ҪǴȥõƻ³˹ˣ۸һСǲҲЩ̫˿ˣǱƻ֪
۾һת˵
³˹Զʱǳһ¡
Ȼƻ񣬵ȼߵ񣬵Ҳ϶ɱ飬ûз¡
Ҫ֪ƻȻ۸һС񣬲óЦǧꡣ
ɣֻҪԸͱ³˹д裬ܼʮӲܵĻҾָôҪ֪ҿǱ³˹˵ʦŶ
ʱά˹ƺʲôͻȻЦſ
ôСֻҪܼʮӣͿһλʹָУ֮õĺ¡
³˹Ȼͽ֣Ա߼Ȱ˵š
ȻǺðɣʹָУȷˣ
һνûѣֱӦΪⱾ˲ƹĿģֻû뵽ô׾ʹˡ
ʵҲÿʹƻ󣬶ڱѰҳʲˣȥһԤƻ
ĿľҪһƵƻ󣬾п滻ġ
ܶУʹǰɫԤƻȥ浽Ϊֹά˹һֱûҵһʳΪԤƻˡ
ĳϣ
ԭϵʵոӦһ£ȻȷԳжѾﵽſ
ھͿһͱ³˹ʵʵսˡ
ڲȫʹȫı³˹¼ʮӣΪԤƻҲ˵ʮģٵ̵̣ͻûˡ

³˹ˣǾ͵ˣ
أһνԼȫǱǿ޷˳
ǿ˲ñ³˹ά˹һ¡
֪ƺǿû뵽ǿزѾʼԤڡ
ܺãе˼ˣ
Žǿ󣬱³˹ǳ˯˲֪õʤٴȼ𣬱ǿƻ˹
Ҳʾֱӱӭȥ
³˹Ȼ·磡
һֺվԱ߹սά˹ϵЦԽԽԡ
Ϊֽںͱ³˹սУȻռϷ硣ȥ³˹ȫ˵ʮӣһСʱⶼ
ʱںͱ³˹սУҲԼڲʹħʵˮƽ
ħֻĻʵҲ׵ĵ漶۷ˣǶλһҲ䡣
ֻǹʽȽϵһûħĻ࣬Ҳױơ
ٸӣֻԺͶԪ漶лأԵ漶ʹħԼͺѴ
˵սʿȷǿսҾͿԱǣȴҲױơ
Ȼȱڽ˵ǲڵģΪԼ棬ױƵħʦ͡
ڵ͸绢Ҳûκ㡣
þûдôˬˣ㲻Ҫȫˣ
һ߷ɵı³˹ȥһſƻǿȻЦţʼսٷְٵͷ˳
ܵ³˹˲䳬ԽԼҲԼԴϿͷ˸ħ
Ƭ̺ת˽ɫͷҲȫȾ˽ɫģ͸ոյĳһʮơ
̬ħһģʽ
ĽϢٴ³˹ƽһս
ʮһӲʤͻȻ⿪һħӳ֣Ȼװ³˹˵
СѾ޷άָոյ״̬Ǳ³˹˵Ķ֣Ҳ˵ļֵʮӡ



ڰ˰ٰʮ 뿪

޷άֳһ״̬ȻǼٵģ䳬һֲĵԼ
ħ˳һԭһЩԼϡ
ά̬ħһǴյֻҪͿһֱһֱάֳһ״̬
ûҲڵħ档
ֻûǸҪ֪Լսʲô̶ȣɼʮӵС
ҪǺĵƻ³˹ˣŭ˶ԷԺûʲôô
ֲս񣬷ҪһʲôģĿĴﵽС
þûдôˬˣܲЩˣȥǸԷɣ
Ȼȥ룬³˹Ҳͣ˽͵۹⿴˽
ƻУǿĴڣܺʮһӱֲܣѾǳˡ
Ǳߵά˹¶˸ζ񣬵Ҳûж˵ʲô
³˹ˣǾɣ
ֱӴһͨĴš
ռ䴫ͺ˲ƵħǺܷ㡣
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ʱĿڴ˵صĶʹԼϱλ״ȫ˿ȻȺģʽǱ
УͽְǴȻָǸӵķ׳
ÿοƻ񶯲ͻһڵȻ֪ķ򣬵۲ѡ
ÿƻ³˹˯ѣǶľƢһЩٻЩ
û뵽ǱߵȻôܺͱ³˹˴ôá
˹ˣʱҾ;ʲһ㣬Ҳʮ־ĬС
ҵϸָ£ڵĳɾͣҲҵҡ
ޣҲ˼Լ츳ãʲôϵ
С˵ʲôǼʡ
ӣ
ˣˣͽ˵һ£ǧҪдñ³˹ˣʹúѧϰܵǵٱٵ򡣡
ǣˣһ֪ͨ
̤Ľ˵ͷص
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ʦ֣ǣ
ʱյˣŴӴƻʹά˹¶һãȻɫ
Ŷǻûȥѽλʹά˹˺ƻά³˹ˣҲ顣
ЦŽܵ
⼸λҵʦܺѡ
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ĽܣȻλĺ壬ȻͬΪȻҪһЩòĻ
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ΪϵˣȻƻĴ˵֪ǶôĿֲʱһһȫڷŶ
˵ʳ
³˹ҿֳһʲôûС
һ֣һԲǰʳϺƷһһ֡
³˹˺ά˹ãӦҲˣһ԰ɣ
ҾͲˡ
һûûεյһֻӦ
ǲ
Ȼû߹ͱһסˣͬʱ˱ȿˡ򷢡ľ衢ֺͽˡ
λ³˹ˣ飬ֻҪһľͻֱӻٵһһҪסҪģȻɾͱסˣ
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³˹һһŲԽ⡣
ǰ˰ǫص
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Ȼܺͱ³˹˴ʤֱ̫˼ˣ
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֪Ѿǿǿǿ֪ǿ󵽺ͱ³˹ȼ硣
൱ʶһѺһȭܽ˴ɼԶԶԶĳʶһ㷢ˣʵԪʼһ
յ˷أ򲨲˵һһ߷ά˹ͱ³˹ǰƻʼڳΪԤƻĸС



ڰ˰ٰʮ ±Ƶı˭ǿˣ

Ⱦ˼ӦٶȾͻޡеԣپ񾭴壬Ҫһʱ䡣ÿλܹжϲжܶκΣա
ʮһºƻά˹ͷɽɫը״̬Ľһɶܹһָ
ʱ𱬷ʵѾʱͱ³˹սʵ޷ά˹
֮֮һڼ⹦Ȼ
ʹڼ⹦Ĵڣʱڼ״̬Ͽκα仯
ǣʵȴǿĿ£ǽħݳɲ֡
ʮһºά˹ѵҲûЧȻûڼ⹦Ѿħά˹״̬̳ħ汾
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ۿŻ޷ųģʽά˹ڵһʩչˣоɵħڼ⹦
ֻͷħһʱ仯ɽɫɫͷҲͬˡ
䣡
ά˹һβڶܣ˵ܶܣֵ̧˽Ĺ
Ȼ
ŽȻħ̳ڼ⹦ά˹Ҳѵõĵɴ۾
ħʹʵҲһЩ֮ǰڽͱ³˹սʱħı״̬Ѿеʮ־档
ʱ䣬Ǹı״̬ħʵѾȥ˯ı³˹
û뵽ǣȻħ̳ڼ⹦ģʽжûй¡
Ȼڼ⹦ҲʵЩŵˡ
һս󣬽ǰħڼ⹦ƣ򲻹Ѿڼ⹦ά˹
滹ҪٻʱĽĽ
ܲʹħܴﵽ̶ȣҲԳΪԤƻˣȺһʹƻ
ֺͣά˹ĵ˵ͷ
ôѧڼ⹦ҪþͿԣٽħʹúʵѾƵƻԤƻ´ࡣ
лά˹ˣݹ
һһڳɳġ
ά˹һס˱ӡ
⡭ƺЩ
㣬ϴγԵϷһ
һı֤
Ƭ̺ά˹֣
һݣȷ㣡

ͬʱڵĶϿգԲεķһߣ˽ĳũС
ĲŴ򿪣ӺĸǰͣһķУ˵
˯һʱ䣬о嶼ҪˣȥǸͽǰȥǰлɽǰɣ
һȻָǰ深Ķ֮¶аЦݡ
ɳСͷɴƹܣڽʱüʻԱ˯ģʽ
껹أڽ˯ģʽļʻԱоֻмʱ䡣
ǣʱڷɴڣһʱϻǻоʮֵĲ
Щǿսʿԣʲô˵£ǰĳУֻǵҪ̽һĿƼʵô
ãǾ͡ף˹ˣսܣ
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һս˰ɣ
ǰ͵ǲʿˮΪڸոս˲䣬ʾֵѾߴ
ЦսҲֻһ˺ðɡ
ÿٶȣ
ſǼٱļӰɫ̲סЩ
ǲսҲȷǿȷǣԽԽЩ˷еٶȺƿֻһǧս
ǿأ
ΩһβͣĺмƵգȻ˫̧°ʵ
տ˿ǰͣȻ˵ͷ
ҽգڵ֣ڿأԸƺҲСǹֻҪǣǵʵǵĶ֣Ͻ뿪Ժ󶼲Ҫˡ
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ʲô
ǧսǰͣȻǸ׾һȭŵͫ׶ʱһ
ոոƶٶȺ͹˵սˡ
ѵȿеǸСӹͷǵǿսĵǿ࣬ͷĵˣ



ڰ˰پʮ ľһս

û뵽Сĵ򣬻ǿսʿʸԳ֡
˵ڵϵǰһۣȻĿľϡ
ľҲ£һص
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ͬʱĽҲľʱսһȸմǻʱǧ
գ֪ܴӮҾһԣҲĳԣ֮ҿܾʹҵİ˶Աˡ
ļ̧֣̌ᶨĻص
ٴƴ˴꣬ľ̵ʶԼļҲˣδŬҲ٣ȥԼϲİ
ֻô꣬չ黹Ҫ֤һ¡
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ֻȭľٴηųľͲһľ򵽵ϣȻ˫ֿʼ۴͵ĳŵػûľ˹ȥ
£һɱѾʼЩߵľ衣
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˵Ȼģгˡ
ͣظһ仰ԽԽŭ
ƾʲôƾʲô˵Ļ¼սʿأΪ츳ˣȴ޷ƾʲôƾʲô
ιûУϽ뿪Ժˣ
򱴼ѾָһЩǰͣ˸ϵơ



ڰ˰پʮһ 򹤼

ӣǸϽ߰ɣ
ǰǰҪı
ոտر̫ˣԶȸɳҪֲǰͲ㵱ˡ
Ҳ뿪Ҫڵҵر˵ܡ
һƿǰͣߵǰ
أҪھɱңҲ뿪򣡡
ĻҲЩΪѵͷ
Ҫóģʽ֪߱ȻԸ뿪ˣΪˡ
˵Ϊɳ£ˣϾûжԵʲô˺ɱ˱²ȥ֡
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ˣڵŰɣܸɻ£
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ռ״
Ҫڵɻ£ʦֻ֪ʱǾˡ
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ʦֻǴһȫĸɳˣģ
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û𣿡
عݵ·ϣЩǵ˵
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ռȫ뿪ǰͲЩľս򱴼ʵ
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ʵҲ⣬ΪһֱǴڵһ̬ĸɳսֻʮ򣬶ոյսӽڣȻĲһ㡣
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ҽ˵ͷŻʿ뿪˷䡣
ӣ˴򹤻ծȻＯ·ǰ֮ó̡



ڰ˰پʮ ͬʱ׶Ԫ

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DC磬ȡʽĽͷħٴα仯ԭɫĳģʽ˲˰ɫڼ⹦ģʽ
һֻըëĽè˰׹è
ΪȫȡʽѾָèԱ㷢ӳȫʵ
ٴʵԴԴϵħԼķǸڵķʽҲû˵ֿһ뵽ԼС
ʱ䷨򣡡
ʱ䷨򣬽ڵʱļȻʼо˷ʽ
Ҳ粻һСʱʱ䡣
ԭˣǾҵɣ
ĽŪ͸˷ʽʷDCԪķʸ
൱ƿ棬ĸҲе
κֻҪʹͿֱӵ൱ڶԪ漶ʵ
ҪĿɲˣҪշʽΪϣֱӴ߻Լĵ棬ӶDCķͬ׵Ԫ
ڽǿѹ£ʽһ򱻳룬뵽У濪ʼѡ
ʽ̺ķҲȫ֧зѡ
ͬʱΪ͸˷ʽĸҲĶԪһõƣԭзѳ
ʵҲӶԪĳ룬ֱӽ뵽мֱƸ߼ںܶƵĶԪ漶ǿߡ
ͬںά˹дķΪܵӦ˲۾ʼڵ
ΪǸ棬Ҳڴ˿˲뵽۷壬ʼͬѽ׶Ԫ
ûзʽΪ䣬ֻܹԼȥȡ㹻õס
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ԺףҲһֽ



ڰ˰پʮ ټ

ֻǸӦ˺ǿԹҲ𣿡
ȫ˵ͷȻߵǰʵ
źɫ⻷Ĵٺ
ǵģȫˣСǵ񡣡
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ΪʹĸףλȫȻҲܲʵȻʹȴ̺ǿħ
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ȫЦЦȻֻС֣˫̥ǣȫһʧˡ
ˣҲˣά˹
ά˹˵ͷͬһʧˡ

һյ㹻Ľɹѳڶ棬׵˶Ԫ
DCĽҲ˽ס
DCĽΪ˷ʽֱӷѳ棬˶ԪмʵΪ˷ʽķ󣬽׵˶Ԫ߼
ͬʱάҲ
DCȻάƽļߣڽշʽû˵ʲôֻҪԼԶԪƽƻ
ҲˣǾ͹һ
þòһʦ
ٴοһɻĴкʱһǿ󣬵Ѿǵһμʱɲ⡣
ڽʵȣ϶ҪһЩҲһ
Ҳ˵ԳҪɱ򲻹ȴѾԵֵҳɹѡ
þòʦû뵽ôѾ˿Ժ˱ȼʵ
һŽǸп֮ɫ
ڶԪʵʵҲ˲٣ĿǰҲǳ뵽˶Ԫ漶ֻǵԪʵͽû취ȡ
һʦι
Ȼˣȴһû˵˹һ
һԱ˼֣Ȼʼ˵
Ԫܳǿߣ˷ǳ⣬ҲҸ㣬ȻѾʵôþͲҪٲָķչ
Ϊ̫ǿֵĻԶԪвӰ죬ҲӰ죬ǲ¡
Ὣе֮⣬޾ĺڰƯ



ڰ˰پʮ Ľ

Զĺڰ
һָ֪İ֮ء
ǵȻ˽ҵģҲ£и󣬲֪ܴܲӦҡ
ʲô󣿡
һͷһۣȻʵ
ЦЦ
С£С£Ϊĵ˺ܶҵѣԵĻҪŵڵƬϵ뵽ԼС
ȻΪҿ԰ɵǸһֱ
Ҫ616棬ΪǲܣһеĸֻҪеϵ
ϵߺ黨ʱȻ½˵ûʲôӰ졣
ԶԣǸһһֱͣĲʳڵ棬Ĵ󻼡
ʵѾԪԼ⡣
ԼĶԪΪȣOAAԪĴߣͺԼһʵҪΡ
һ£߲ȥԼڲ飬ԼҲٲԼԪڷ¡
ͥԪĹߣ൱ڴܼҵĽɫֻҪԪ治⣬Ҳȥ֡
ɫԪеĿˣֻǿʵͥС׼ס
㣬Ҳ汾嵮ʶǶԪ汾ͬʱͬĻޡ
ֻµģ㡣
ʶĶԪڻûУԺǿˣҲͬᵮ
֣ڣҲԪڳֵµǿߣߵOAA·Ҫ߽ݾ뷽跨ڵ棬׳ԼĶԪ档
ȻӦ൱ڸ⣬ѳһµɱǴҪ̫̫ˡ
Ҳǽڸԭ
ȻӦǾˣһûʲôʧ
ĵڵĵطҲкܶѣ㲻ͬ⣬ԺҲ͵͵ƬȫյԼС
ΪܾδԼ϶û취ôݵһֱ硣
·ǳ顣
ɱ͹һҲȥ
ͽ𣬵׵漶ʱҪ˼룬ɿܡ
ǲҪԭ򣬱ϾʱҲҪȡħ֪ʶ˫⣬ڳԺڵΪһ
˵ӦһЩŶԡ
ҪɱĸԭҪĶԪ棬Ļ֮һͻƵ漶
ԼĻҪܾúܾã˵ͻơ
Ϊ˸µС磬˵ԼЩֻҵµС磬Ƕһ⡣
µ磬мԱDCӵн޾ԴķԽ׵㹻ʵ塣
ҵ˸ƹ磬ķˣҲ͵漶еС׵漶ԴûС
ңֲڰ֮صС磬ôҵġ
ʱ䣬籾ûٷֳֻɢڰ֮أҲҵһ硣
׶ΣÿһС̨ףѶȶǼαӡ
û취ֻܽϣ˭ʵǿ˺ɱҲΪԪκκ鷳
Ҫһ¾Ͱһϸ¶ɫ
һ¾Ҫһϵ616ϵôܴӦ
ȻƬ̺ԼˣΪıԼԿˣ
ԣҪɱܹϵʲôʱɱʲôʱߣ
û⣡
˵ͷʮʹĴӦ
Ҫһ䣬ɱҰﲻʲôΪı岢ҵڣ棬ÿжǷųαװ͵͵Ǳ롣
ҷɱҲʲô˺ûз֣ͻϴƻһЩˣ⣬Ӷ̵ߡ
ǳĽƻټάɽȥɱı壬˶ӣɱ޹
˵ʵڵʵЩֲɱ
˵ЩŹһʧˡ
Ļ󣬲ûз¶һı顣
ԭ룬һôſ񣬶̵ֱ棬ôЩͬԪ漶ǿ׷ɱġ
˰Ǳڰ֮أÿζɷ顣
ҲǣһߵĶԪҲǿĽ׷ʽ磬Ҳһڰ֮ؽԼ硣
άɽЩԪ漶ǿߣǽԼķֲУѾȫԼһ
Խǿ󣬷ֳԽ࣬ǾԽǿ



ڰ˰پʮ VS

ֻʡ
˼Ƭ̺󣬽һʧԭء
ʵͣҵټŲߣǻ
Ⱥʵô˵ûпԷľܵûӰˡ
ôİ֮أҪҵĶصܡ
ɯ˹
ֳصϿգλѸٵŮװɯλá
ҪҵλȻף¶Լλá
˭
ĳɭֵСڣץͨΪʵϣоħŮװɯͻȻԼǰ࣬϶ʱ¶˾ɫ
ûκβ³ָԷʵԲѵǿ̩ķʦ׷ɱˣ
ȻȻٶаŮ˵ʲôֱӻһϵħ侻ˡ
Ӧһ£һħҵԼҪҶ顣
ڵϲֹһ֮ǰõٵǱڿҲиһ飬ֻǺаŮװɯ͵ˡ
ֻҪ˰飬ôýϵ
Ȼһ򿪰飬ľͺľϵһ
ף㣬Ȼôǿ󣡡
ڽľȻʮӡֻû뵽ô̵ʱ䣬ǸŸոս׵࣬ھȻҲ˶Ԫ漶
ǰĳҲʱˡ
һŬľȥλλãһĻص
ȻҲһ㣬ûжϿҲûߣǾôƾλ˿ûκλš
ԷȻ׵˶Ԫ漶ڶԪ漶ҲѵõĴڣȣҪһЩ
ŵķ⣬ôܻŹ
Ҫ̵֪һǿߣʵǼ޴ġ
ҲɵάɽЩһʵ͵ĶԪ漶ǿΪնȻ˶λλãҪһټ¿ûٸɡ
ȻҲԼļⷽȷǸ½ĶԪΧûƶԪء
ܿǶԷ֪ǿΪԪͿԱ𣬲޴Ϊ
ʵڵʵ˿ǱЩУ֪ò͵һ⣬ʵںлɵͬȼǿߡ
Ϊʵ͵ĲҹʵǿĳȺҲӦս
ôѵõĻᡣ
ǵϴɵԪǿʵԪûãѾǲ֪ǰˡ
ҵˣ
λλú󣬽ֱ˲˹ȥ

֮أɫųԼǰĽ̲סЦ
ǲ֪ز㲻ֱ֪ӳĴǰζʲô𣿡
ҵȻ֪֪ҹȴûѡ뿪ζʲô𣿡
ǰ汻ֵ֮˿ûκεĵӡ


ͬʱ˵
ΣĻĿռħ޷ֱﵽǰΪڽǰ֮ǰѾ뿪ˡ
ռħȻԿԽ֮޵ľ룬˲һĳ֣ɻʱĲࡣ
ֻʱ̫̫̣ڵ͵ȼĴ˲ƣȴǡ
ͬεǿУռʱĸǲͬġ
˵޷ɱΪάɽЩͬȼĴڣֻҪĺۼ˲ƹȥҪΧŹȫǰ뿪
ͬͬεǿѾվһôͲߵˡ
Ϊһշռ䷨һȻԲҲͬʱܹռ䷨ֱԼĿռ䷨ԤԷĿռ䷨öԷ޷ߡ
֮ôˣΪһ˲ƵǰѾܰ׷ɱ
ʵֱȽһȿԳͬȼǿߡ
֮ԸˣΪֻҪûߣôļƻѾɹˣֻҪβɵ̵еһС
ʵĲ࣬Ȼк֡

ڻûʶԣҲѣֱԼӴĶԪ棬޾Ļֶ֮
ѾȲ½ŵĴˡ
㲻ɣ
׳ԼĽָͬԻԼĶԪ棬ĶԪݺݵײһ
ͬȼĶԪײԭ޵İ֮أΪ֮
ĶԪʱãȸսĽĶԪҪǿһЩƬ̺󣬿ʼռϷ硣
ƺ죬ҵĶ֣
ԼĶԪռϷ磬ӵĵ



ڰ˰پʮ ں

Уȥôò˶ãȫԷͬǿĶԪȫΪС
µ棬½ײһΣҲԶ
ʱټάɽЩһ֣Ҳɱ
ǿɲһ
ԼĶԪ·磬ûеģǻּħͣ˹ȥ
硢סȸԪħռ䡢͵ħԼóħ·ҪħһͷŶ
ѵˣҿǱǳڰħ֮񣡡
״ͬһ֣ħͣħȫ
ʲôƣȫɣҹң϶ֻЩ
ҲɵڶԪ·ʱԷֵܱ򶨣϶Ϊз̵Ŀܡ
ڼ⹦״̬
ڿֲ˲䱬Ȼıֱɱ˹ȥ
׵⼸ʱ䣬ķҲѾɽףȥȫУĿǰѾڼ⹦
ǿħƵİ汾汾
ұ
ûʹÿռħʱħΪͬħƽ⣬ǿ嵽ǰ
䣡
ֻһȭĸֱӱһ󶴡
ʲô
æĻħջأȻȫת˷ħ棬ͬʱϸѣ˿ȫϡ
ֳĿֲҲǵһ
չħ
ȻҲϣлħʱչ˽ħ
ħЩΪ˶ԸһֱоЧǸħȻҲԼħ
ʹħ
ʵħǿϸ˵ҲǸħΪĶԪûںĶԪ潩ֵĻ׾ͿöԪƵ
Ҳ˵ħԼħ
ڴʱȴǡôΪħͿѧڼ⹦ƴⲫˡ

ƴǰɣҾ㣡
ӦԼĻħ޷ʹãһȻʼͣȻһţǵʮ׸ߵĶħ
Ϊһħʦͬע⵽㣬ռ˸漶Ķħϸ԰ħԼ˸졣
ԣҲѷЩԪ漶顣
Ǿ԰ɣ
ӰһٴǰȻһȭ޴Ķħͷ­˹ȥ
䣡
ħȻûбͷҲֱӱ˳ȥ
ȻĶħ֮ǺǿȴȲڼ⹦״̬Ľ
Ҳ˵ڼ⹦ôǿ˵ʵǴҲԲǶ֡
ΪǿĶԪĶԪǣƣһĻħҲĽħʱ
ԼһҪϵǿڼ⹦ԿȻǶ֡
ؼ𲻹ǿڽħʹ
ꡪɡ
һȭ󣬽ڵȫһȻųȫǿ
ôܣ
˼ľУĶħֱӱˡ
û뵽ôȻˣĶԪ棬һҪݺݵĥꡣ
Ķħ֮ʧǱĶԪУҲһŭ
ɢȥħûие⣬ֻǿɻƵԼĶԪ棬üͷ૵
û뵽ǲ
ԭΣֻҪԼĶԪû£ǾͿ޸ֻ´϶ûԭǿ
ұҲԶԪ淢ӵһӰ졣
ҪͨɱıԪʵԼĶԪзƣȴû뵽ǲһ㡣
û˱ĶԪ棬ɱҪǿһЩֻǴ֮ǰѹƣڵ΢ѹơ
ʱһãĻ
ĵƲ㷭̣
ʱһڽǰ˵
һۣûȥɱʱɱҲʹٽԪ
ҪںˣֻںϺ󣬹ƾ޷ٹȥˣҲֵˡ
˾󣬽𻺻۾
ʱDCǾ˷ʽ׵ԪмķҲͬʱ۾



ڰ˰پʮ 

֮أDCʼռϵ
Ƭ̺ԭڴDCķ˲˱Աߡ
ںϣ
ͷͬʱ˫ۣӰֱӺ϶ΪһԭҲԻ˳Ԫ濹Ľָںһ
ΪںϣϢǣĶԪʵҲ˲䳬ĶԪ棬ʼзѹƺ
ʵϽ𲢲ǺһطΪһٻطںϽ뱾ҪȥDCͲˣΪϢѾ汾Ϣ
ʱǱߵϵֻۣΪߣֱӱˡ
û취ڷDCв֪òܽ߼ںϷȫĶԪ棬пһֱӽ볬漶
ôô
ʱڵһ¶˾ŵɫûϵȻôǿĿںϵͬȼֱʵϳ
ҴˣŹңҽһ͸㣡
ǿ꣬ƻħԼҪȫɵΣʱҲԼϡ
Ȼô֮ˣԼ̧һħըɿԼľġ
ţԼеƣҲͬԲܷŹԼ
ôôԸȥȡͬ飬ȥջ󣬽˿Ϊ
ôĶԪ棬ԼĶԪһĲʳȫ¡
ҪȫںϣƻҪһʱ䣬㽻϶ǹˡ
ĶԪȡ꣬ٴν뵽档
һ룬ֱӳǰеֽ꣬˹ȥȻ͸¶ϲã
ܺãû뵽ȻİŶܺãܲϵԴˡ
˵꣬ʧˡ
״ҲԼԪ棬ϢǿһĽָ棬ֱӽϵȫ˽ȥ
ڼ䣬мǿϢΪľٶ̽˹ƺܵľ棬ûʲôľٶ
ȫˡ
ϵȫ뵽Լк󣬽ΨһĹǣҲȫʧˡ
ڵȫ뿪磬ȥ֮ؿһطٵһOAAݣֱĨɱ

µ类ץȡ鿴
ȻʱǾδʹõ壬Ȼһʾ
ЩĴ壬㿪һ
µ磺Ĵ硣
̹ſٵءŮʯ죬һӵ޾ͱ磬³ʥնʬʥʥ֮ڶ񻰹£硣
³ֵ˵ļ飬ĬĬĹر塣
һֱ˵˭˭ֿȥOAADCϵۣɶȫ漶Ĵڡ
ʵǿڷ˽ҲԽԽ࣬Ҳ˼ѡ
ʵ㹻ǿرóƵʵҲôࡣ
ȥȷһ°ɣ
۾һգλȫλãֱ˲˹ȥ
ף˭
ʱĵȫеĽԱֳط۵࣬ͷ¶˺ɫ
վԱߵĴɫһ䣬ò˼Ŀ⿴ı塣
ΪǴͻȻðϣоһɼֲֲȫ޷
˭
ٽȫʵ
ЦЦ
ٴˣҾǽ𣬲õģûж⡣
˵Լķ
ѾˣҲջɡ
Ǿ߷壬Ȼ϶ΪһĶԪҲȫ뵽˱ĶԪС
ڷĶԪ룬ĶԪٴμǿںԪٶҲ˺ܶࡣ
ǽ𣿡
ôһ˵һסˣΪò³ֵ࣬ȷͽ˵ʽȸ涼һ
ҲӣǺýһЩ
һ䣬ģ
ٿűĽ𣬰Űɵ
ǽܽһ⵽ô𣿡
ȽϸӣٴˣģҲûж⣬ֻҪһ´ȫˣҪһЩ⡣
ϢȻһ˵
ȫڳ˯Ҫܡȫˣˣ
ĻüͷҪѵ⣬ȻԱ߶һӰ
ӰȫһģһֻŴ˺üĴ񣬴ȫ



ڰ˰پʮ ֣һеԴ

šп˵ãȻ˯ˣȫȳȥ½Դɡ
ȫŴٵ˵ͷȻ˽
֪ͻȻҴ磬ʲôָ𣿡
ԺԼʵĽ𣬴ȫԵʮò
ոڳֵһ˲䣬ȫѾȡȫʹٵм䣬֪Ǳ뵽磬ֻһֱֵĺܺãƺҲûʲô⡣
ûж䷢Ǵúһ¡
ȫ˸񣬲ſ˵
֮ǰðǱ磬ʵǱǸҵȷûж⣬ֻҪȫһЩ⣬˴𰸺һ뿪硣
֪Ļһ㡣
ȫ˵ͷûоܾ
ʴȫˣ氵֮صγɣԼֲڰ֮صô磬ʲô˽⣿
ڴĿȫ
֮ǰôǴǵڶǴ񲻼ˣҪOAAϵʡ
ĴȫӦߣҲӦǵһҲԽһֱɻ
⣬ȫ¶˲ɫ
ʵΣȻ֪Щ
ڴȫʵѾҪߵԶһ㣬һǱ磬Ȼֳ֪ʶԵ⣬ʵЩ֡
Ž׵Σǰһֱ
͵
ȫʱȻʼ˵
ȻĻҾ͸㽲ɡ
ⰵ֮أʵǰǲڵģǰֻһ磬ǳ֮Ϊ硣ڷֲڰ֮ص磬󲿷ֶǿߣ֮ս硣
֮ս
¶ɻɫ
ԣ֮սǰ֮γɵԭ򡣡
ȫ˵ͷ
λǿĴڣOAAϵۣԺǿOAAϵ۲ƶĹս
Ϊߵʵ̫ǿ飬ڵİ֮ء
һսΪӦ֮أ˸ݻԼ磬º󣬱ĳ˯С
ܶ಻ɢǿߣģԸܵڲĹԼ֮ԴԼ磬׳󡣡
ҽ˺ܶС磬ΪʲôЩп緢Ĺ£
ٴʵ
ȫЦЦ
ܼ򵥣ΪȻ˰֮أɻϵǸԴ緢£Ҳӳ䵽˴С
ˣллȫˡ
ӴȫеõһҲȫ⿪ˡ
ȻĲЩĲ𣬵ҲȥԶ
ˣ²ʥˣǽ׼ˣҲֻ⼸˲ƣ彫硣
ñĿֻܲһҲƵĴڣϾDC档
ֻĳɳ˵Ԥϣɳ̫죬ѾȫƿأҲкܶѾڸ¼ˡ
ôڿ磬Ҫҽӻȥ𣿡
ʾĺ磬ٴ˳˼
˵ʵû壬ҲûڵһҲҪлˡȥĴȥʥ˵ţɣ϶ҲǲԸġ
ôͺþۺɢɣ
һǿķ֮ӿֱ֣ɢһֱӡе塣
ġDCʱȥǲȥˣҪڰ֮ҸطúԼĶԪ棬ȥĶԪ档
̻Ҫʮʱ䡣
ȫĶԪ棬׵漶Ҳʥ˵ľ磬ȥߡ
ֻҪOAAϵûѣôһ
ΪʲôҪ壬Ϊ壬൱һλĻʱҵͨΪý飬Щֽš
Ȼ˵˾һǺˣֻΪԷһ
㹻֮ʵȥˡԷûж⣬ôԳΪѣԷж⣬Ҳ¡
˾󣬽˴ȫȻ밵֮أʼѰʰԼԪĵط
ʮ󣬸ǰɢȥķֻ꣬ܿҵ˺ʵλá
úԼĶԪһ߿ƼںĶԪ棬һ߽ԼԪйصǸ硣
Ǻӻȱҵ󣬽ħְӣҲͺӡ
ææµµô꣬һֱʵ·ϣҲ紴ܳһʱеˡ
죬Լеѡ
и˵гԱлȵʦͬѧħѧͽİͶάݿʹ򸾡
רõ͸Сӣ˵ħƷλλãѾСӣСǺ֪
Լȥβ磬ѡ
ٰһŦԼŽĸڵŦԼ
һ׶أźĸڵ1997׶ء
ڽԸͬ磬ڼ仹ֳ˲ȤЦ
󲻾ãڽ͸ţܿͻ˺ӣԼĽᾧ
ʱţеȫȥȻǵ걻Ϊ飬ŶԪеĸ硣
ǵһķȥ
֮صʮ󣬽ȫĶԪ棬ټʮԼԶԪơ
˳漶
ʱ򣬸ȥǿĺĴ翴ˡ
Ԫڣ֮ǰȫ˵ĺĴڵλ˲˹ȥ
걾


걾
걾ˣлһֱǣлǵ֧֣Ϲ
ʵⱾ黹ܼдֳȥЩҲԼһͬɳٻдʮ֣һ֡
Ҿû̫˼ˣ̫ˮˡ
ҪڵѾ̫ǿˣȥ磬Ҳһ
Ҿþ걾ɣиõĽҲͦá
󣬺һ顶ӭȢ糺ŮסҲͬ͵ģѾʮˡ
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