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ħеļ½ҩ޷Уڴ޽֮ʣѰת֮·
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˾ӿǬ½һСǣƮҡݼңһꡢػʧĻج꣬һҹѡ
ʹˣͻ䣬ط˵
꣬ػ˻ɱԪ
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½һֲħӰʵĿ֮ԴţİûһС
صһ˻ţ׷ԶͷżӲء
һҽĻɽڣ߸һϼɵͭͭգԶ͸纣ŨѪζţб̰ǣţɽڳľŵҳ档
ŵ棬ֱӵػɽŴԴ̶˿类ǿקסֱͭû
ڣԳһ½Сء
֪ѤԶŷģ͸ĹšãԶصϢ飬ڶйȻ衣
һöʵ˶裬׵罻֯ڣо˿ߣͣ
費Ť𵴣ʰ쵵ļ㣬ÿһһĻĻ֣һζ
ڶ㣬̻ת˲š
ʦֻ֣صҩЧԣ
ͻХӵڲһģӰ
Хȳž£ŭǾͱ
Ȼԡӳ೾ɫĮȻö˺лӡֻص˵ټˣҵĺʦܡ
˶裬ͻļ˿Ȼ˺ʱա
գΪС͵ųĿâ󣬾ʹʧ
պҩ£ҩʧأɢ
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ҹɫ
ҩҡݼҵլܱߣХҶ׷ɡ
⣬⣡
һ¿ţҡͭ壬ΧߡͭġŲʱĵĵХڵص׾Ŀ
ĽǣֱĸлᦣƮ̵ĹצҪѶ˶ɡ
úĬȻֹݼ̫үҡͷʾΪ
ǰ˫۶ϵ̫ү貣̱ľڣϣҲزô
ͭ壬һĬΣ졢ء꣬ػ㼯ż䣬꿪ǻۣ˻꣬ƿѪǣһоٶС
үڳˣж꣬Ψ˻
ڵػ֪꣬ԭʼδ֡
үЩһֱԼסǰ飬ǲס̵Ĺκѧҵػ겻ʹ䣬ӡۡ
ڻجج޳δǻۡ硣
ȻػȻҪ˻֮ؼ˻ֳꡢ꣬˻겻˱㲻
ǻجج֪˻꽡ڣүȻȻɹʮء
񣬳˴ģ˻꣡
ÿһ仰Уѣʹݺᡣ
ԴӶӶϱ£Լ˫ȱӲϣѾָݼһٴλԻֻͣϣȱݵܳɹãݼҺˡ
ڡ
̫үүȻ֮°ɡ
һʱ˵ĵͳͻأһСߣƮȻͥԺվǰԾ֮󣬷Ӹ¸貣ٴοڣ̫үڰ˳䣬˭ү£ˣΪݼδɡ
ӰһĽǵĸлᦣצ׶ƺͻȻɻΪһ˿Ҫѵļƣķ׷װ
ϸᷢЩ̵Ѹٵ̻ī֭ˮϴ
㣡
ȣҪʦͻңֻĵƵлڵ
ۣ
мܲסһѪ쭶˵ľ̼ɫ԰ף
ϸ磡
貰ε֣ŭȣʲô
ͥΪһлᦣҲл󷨣ΪڰүػꣿСһһӣҶ飬ƾʲôܣ
ݣݣ
ĵտ⣬磬ڼĸлᦡ
ȻķѣонŵĶ飬ʱɢ
Ȼ̱ڵأ麹죬۽ǺͶ䣬Ѫ俴ŲҲ̶ãǰڵ
̫үҲˣλΪǳǰһ̾һүҸԵķӣѾԹˡһֲܣ
үǱǺģ
ͥԺ֮⣬һ۵Ѿߣðͷָǳ⣺Ƽģ㣬㺦ү
󵨼澣ͺȡ
һĻ磬ٿȻָƮɭ֮Ϣһػɢ翪ɲǼ㸡ѾͷŤ
ɫඥ룡
ѾߣͷţۿɼٶѸٱ̶̼ŮٲȻѳһһԱʱⶳ
沿飬·㶨ڷգ˿ϸ΢仯

ĴΣͼȴ۶ϣʧ֮£㣬ȻڵڵأͷӲʯؿƣǱ
γֵŲδȻԭأǡˤǰ
̫үӣ˺αߣģҼС㣬¼ݼǳɵ޶Ϊ֪ݼ⻼֣ҼСһһ⡣ҼС㣬ݼѼ
СΪݼңװް֮꣬㻹ǲϽСȵüǵȲˡ
Ĺ𣬺ͫȻɡ
Сǹ˸ܹǣġ
ŭ棬ɲǼϨֻöͷ类иһа־ǿдü͸
Ȼ㲻˵ôҾԼڳ
ȣüĴһϸѪߣ˺Ѷɣ
ͫɺѪɫѸ·һҪ
ϣס֣
ݼլ⣬ͻһƺȻǻ
һֻֻȻ鶯ȸɴۻûɣݼլε
꣡
Ѿߵļұȸĵѣһֻȸһů΢¡أѪָ
ȸɶ֮ʣȻΪʣӯɢլԺ
һѹаȵطγɡ
貣̩ͨԡɱУģ崴ˣڽת
ͷ̾һջأҹƮȻȥ
үүūһϼӹ̣ܽڰ˳䡣ڻԼ֮£ȻԨѾһҸף˫棬
ڴڼ䣬һΪݼңٷһЩ˼ܿ෱鷳
ȥߣʼնû
󣬴財Ѿƻָ룬ĪķٴλһֻֻȸԶȥ
̫үĻ£
Ѿߺˣ買֮󣬻ͲסߵĽͷϹݼңҪˣ
˵ˡڣãȻڷʧǵ૵Ҳزô
˵ûҾΪǳͥǿڳϣܿ͸СүԺһжߣʩչֶͨΣֹСү˻ɢε
µ۹мƮƶˣһǧɽݼңʸȥύйʣҵ˵ˣǶұǻȥݼҸᣬҲύǣ
Сĸǽж԰ͺۼɫԣѾʹһɫ
̫үȥϢˣСүϢڣδһ˿תɱ벻
Ѿ߲ɷ˵أΣҴҵشͥԺ뿪
ﻹһ˿תȥ֮ĬΣ૵עǰġգҡҡͷҲȻ߳
ͥԺš
ҹլϿգͻƱãռ伱Ť𵴣
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ϣûбҪȥıԨңٵһȵġ
ɽˮ֮䣬ҩԳһϮµޣĹ񣬾š
ذ˿е·ɽ飬ӡ
ίʵ벻ͨҹ̫꾿κͿŻΪԨָΪ顣µ۹ǰĴ壬պգݼֻССһ³ǣǴ˳ǿ
һ£ң㽾ηֵС㣬չ¶Ƿ츳õԴ½ߴ֮һĺڴ࣡С㣬עҪ졯ǰԴ½Ӱң棡
̫ǰ˺ٻԼҪӦԼ¼޸ݼңôİ
ü΢壬ҲҲ֪
ڵҺݼңµ۹ĵλر
ҵ֮Ů飬ñ㱻εʦУԴںڵڰʦָԽ
ԣڵĴϣʣֻͥԽԴ½ʽΪ״ӡ
Ǭ½۹ˡ
ȻܵԴ½ʦԡ족̤Դ½ߣǧ֮һ
˶һǱԴ½ߴڵĺڴϵġ
һעҪƽƣֱġ
ңԺ
ƫƫҵ̫ĸ̥ʱͲ˷ԣݼλδԨ
֪ԭ
̫Ҳû͡
ñ㱻Уעһʱ³ǱߴݶģԨĳɵ޶֮
ҶΪ֮񣬾νĻԼǶôĻƿЦҲе衣
ӶԨֵĥ̫ΪΣ
Ҫˣ̫ҲƼˣŸһӦǶˣȻ󡭡Ըķ䡣
ңΪֵ췭ظ̫ڹǰȻسŵҪԼԼġ
ڻаʱǰżͣݼΣ֮פһ߿Ԩԣһݼǽѡ
ݼңӴԨ֮ٲһ˿룬һҲ֮ߡ
ݼ̫үжΪݼ֮£̹ϸ֪ݼҲһĺԨǧرǺ
سŵںԨɻ飬ὫǿǺΪƸС
к֪Ǻԣѵĵر
Դ½ͼ½Ǻ챦ڻͥ¼ʵлδںڶӱѹͬЩν콾
²ŵڣ̫ͣԸԨɻǡʱǺҲ˳֣޷ǾǶһݼϱݰˡүүҲ˵ˣκ¡
һ뵽ԨҪҲķңһΪãҲĹʵԶ
£ɺԨ޳յļһз֮ߵĻɫ̤Դ½ںڴʱ»ΪһĨ۵㣡
һֽԼѾܴ裬۵ˣοʽɻ飿
ԨɵӣһΪ㽫Դ½ߣңҲǺڵ˼
ңֻǷ£
ͺȣɱҪ
ڣҲ˼޾㵵
صͷڵ˼ҪԨȷǿǺҪ
Ҫʲô
ҪݼңӰ³ǣµ۹ߣɾ
ˣ
Լ֮ϣδʦаšԥ룬ҪĨȥȥһ۵㣬Ҫװˣпˡ⣬ǿǺҲǹʵ飬ȻҪĸɾ䣬˽ѣ˵˵
׵ޣһܳƽһνӴѪȵһ档
飬ԺڶԣŽҪһӡһ³ǵС壬ϰĽɫˡĮݼҪ֣͹Ԩú㳶ϻԼ
˳ǣЦ⣡ݼ̫ү֪һɵӣȻ츳ҪΪݼҼ󣿳룡ݼҵˣҪһһ
ϣ㣬㻹Ҫ޽תּС
ţҽС̹Ȼ˵ϣСʲôҪܣװʲô֪ľȻ˵İɣһŪ׵ֻܵЩʱգǱǺȻúУȺڴǰǡ
ôʧǵ૵
ϰпҲãȥ˺ڣ֪룬ͬ
䣬ͻһѾߣһ·Ӷ
ڶҩԵҩݣļнҶ׷ɣ֦ɶѡ
Сƣ㼱ʲôȡ
ϣС㣡ݼҵɵӣȻҹûлŶѾߴСУЩֲ̿ˡҺǣĻˣ
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Ԩ˵Ǻ棬ûϵγѣ֮
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ػԨӻЩجڶµļ䣬ҪԺ
Ǻ棬ҲԨԨתңֻתڼ䣬ꡢػٳδܹλŵһңʼչĻ硣ǰ˼½ҩڵʼ޷С
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ԨͻȻֿЦ
һðֻصı鷳֮󣬾Ȼȫʧˣ
ȷţһûģܹ̤дġ
ʮ󾳽磬Ϊͨ顢ͥ΢񡢻ΡڡԪ
ΪһʼδܳΪߣͨûС
ߣƣʱ⣬Ǳ࣬Ӷš
ķڶ浤ҩȻδܴƾֱͨҲûܳΪߡ
ǲĶҩڵ棬ȥƸ鵤ҩϡ
ûϣǸʱ׿Խҩ츳ճҩԴǬ½ڶź͵۹ľ
ĩڣҪֻصһʱƱʦӳ೾Ӻ
˻ꡢꡢػ꣬תǰ룬ֻ˻ɹƿʱϣӻٶ󣬳ΪԨ
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Сү㣬𣿣
ЦѾߣһƿţͼԨҹƽ̯̬
ҡԨ
Ѿ죬ʣϲСү㣬㻹Űң㣬ôĽ
ǰԨ۾峺鶯ûһ˿



 
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ԨۣһִֻŶͷȻǰЩ꣬·һجΡֱգξоѡ˵˵ǰңôһӣ
֮꣬Ҳغδд
ؼĵػ꣬һޣ΢ԺɱΪ
ǻ۵꣬ڵػɱܻ֮仯ɾΪ
˻꣬˵ꡢ꣬ڴ£ɾͣں󣬷ΪԪ
Ϊ飬ΪʵԪ㲻
ڵػꡢոջع飬Ԩһǰľû̫ļӡҪǰѾ
ҲҪŪԼʲôݣʲô
Сүݼҵүѽǰɵɵģ˼ġкܶˣҪı㡭
Աİ磬ߴߴģ֪һУϤԨ
ڼ䣬Ԩʱʱ廰ϸһЩ¡
һһ˰ʱ⣬ԨһԼ˭ʲôܹٷ飬ֱ˰
Ǭ½µ۹ݼңСүָΪδޣҪĶ͡
һζȫµļ䣬⣬Ժػ꣬һںϺ󹲴棬ֱ˴ˡ
ݼңֻµ۹һССҩңֲҩݣҪ۸۹ռҡ
ռң˵۹ڶĴ壬ڹҩʦ۹нʿߵҩ裬඼ռҡ
ݼ㣬ռݡҩĵļ壬µ۹
⣬ռҴǬ½ĵ۹Ҳڶҩģҩ
һΪ½ҩԨȻ֪ҩʦݺεȵ֪ͬҩһ;漰㡣
ҩ˵һӴҵݼҲеײѡ
Ҹĸ
СүãұϲΪὲ㸸ĸΪܹ㿪ϣѰ鵤ھĺԨ̫ү˶ܴڰ³ǣݼҶ꽻ĻƼңûѹ˸ˣү˫ϥϡ
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˵Ʊ涣͵͵Ĩᡣ
Ԩۣޱ飬ǽ
ûϵһȻ˶ĲͶѡ
Ϊһĸĸ˫ߡ
һǹ¶ʦҩں󣬱ûҩһν顭δ򵽡
ȻꡢػλͨζŴң޿ܣҩһ;һϣȥʶ۷壡
һźһҪʵ֣
֪صԨûɥй緢ĥȭ
֨ѽ
űƿɫҰܵһͷ˽һȷԨȴѵִ
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ٴιֽУָǰԨͰ͵˵㣬ػꡢˣ
ԨЦͷ
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Ϊĸлᦣѹûȥ
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үүأôûԨĪɣҵ
ѽүأõۣһȻЦݣ˵СүѡĺϢҪϸ
һܣ޷Ϣ
ΪΣԨü
ҽȥʱ֪ҹȥԺ󣬾ĪȻ״̬Ҳ̬ƺͨĸաЩ󣬡ܵƣ룬˵򵥷纮Ȼ԰
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Ҳѹִ󲮳ܲסСԨûãζŴһʹ˾˺󣿡
СԨûˣλСĻԼҲԶ˰ɣλһ뿪ݼңƲ˹ϵƼҿ»һʱ°ɣ
үѲ廹ûĹǣǺã
ݼҵˣ۷׷ףֻݼҿºܿҪ;ĩ·ˡ
λ岮ĪţүүǲѣҾݼҵĹǣ
һʮʺͻȻ¥һλȻ꣬롣
㣬ǣ
ɫ㵣㶵ضԨһʱ䶼ûзӦ
˻ǸˣǰԨɷת䣬鶯Ƿ˵ʣ͵ػꡢδǰֱ֮
ֹ쿣༸λݼˣҲûһӽǰԨǸɵϵ
λ岮ԨҴѲˡԨȡ

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㣬㾹Ȼˣ
ô£ϣ׷ʲô
ݼˣ׷׼С
Ͱˣӳݼ˷˼Ŀ£ǽǰԨѲδѵĵػꡢ꣬ѣڳ׵׵ĳΪˡ
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Ԩ岮ɵ˻˵ǰԨǼٵģ˾ԨǱʬˡ
λ뵥үүһᡣԨһʾʱȻ˵֪λ岮һʱҲѽܡ˵ˣԺԼҲûججҲӦ
үүȺүү̸һ̸Ҳϸ롣
ģ֤ҾԨǲģһһ𿴿үүδ˵ԭ򡣡

ĺ˵˵֮ǰۼ¥ݼˣһɻ󲻽ʱ˳
磬ҲҪ棬ֹڼ䱻˴
ϣү費̣Ϣأͨ졣
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ҹţϢûˡ磬ڳˣүүȴˡǰһּһ貵üͷ˵žͨĸգΪλôá
ԨŸղ˵үӣ˵үЩܵίĺ񰮺ڴɬ
ڸĸԶĺԨӴѶȫ֮ݼһذδģΨүһˡ
ΪˣүӲϧðյңҲҪ޵ĻԼ
ңȻѾˣͲ¡ԨһתͷҼѾ˵ҹүү֣
ǣܿͱδֹˡңδ޻Һүүָ˴󲿷ơ
үүʱ֣ʲôһ״
üĴϸѪߣڵʱ˺ѵġδ޵£ǳ˺ܶܶࡣϸ
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ԨͷүüĴ淢һϸ緢˿Ѫߣ͵ȥ·һͷСüУƺһ£ͻ᲻ˡ
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үүǸջԣǱѪţڵػģļ䡣Ԩ̧֣үüģָ˿ϸѪߣ㿴ѪߵģǳѪˣ
ȻѪʲôУΪȷţô֪ģ
ǰԨʵ̫ˣػꡢѵλݼС̫꣬ϳˡ
Ԩǰ˵Ǹ֮ʵһˡ
Ѫ棬඼Լ½ĲκֶϸѪ˿һüģгػ֮ĹЧԨ˵֮ǰ˵Ҫڳүүļ䣬ʵ̵Ĳ磬ǳѪ棡
ԲκȻ
½ıΪֲ׿֮أаħڴˡ
Դ½ڵǿߣҲ˵أŭħ
أ½зƫƧ򣬹ϼ½Ĳκһ涾ĸԴ֮ء
һ˵Ѫ棬ȻԴڲκ֪ѿҪ׶༪١
ţѪǱߵһֶ棬굤ġ굤ڵػȫ䣬ܱȫѪ棬δƣֻܳȡΪļ䣬Ҵ˳쳣ȣᵼȶ
ܻȡټ䣬ȫͿߣֶܼò
Ԩŭգ΢
һĺڣٳ޷;ƿһȽû֮
굤Ƕһ֣˵ܾȡ񲻳ɵ߼䣬ھǱܡ
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µģͨ顢ͥ΢ߣûӻػ굤аҩЧᱻȡһܣ㣬ع˽
˶棬ɱȡ
ʱȥ룬ΪԨ֪֪ĳѪܣֻϣһɵԨܽѵ鷳
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ȥվֲסȶ
𣿡ԨͻȻʡ
һ£˵ػꡢѵ㣬ЩŹ֡㲻ıүүϾЩܵѣ𡣡
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ʩߣ𣿡
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˭
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һݲĹͺͺɽɽһ˵ɽʯڴ롣
ɽںɭġ
ʯڶţе飬ÿÿһļ϶ͻƳһ˫ϥǰȭʯ
Ө͸ɫʯڲһѪߣѪǷŴٱһ⣬Ӹڡ
ѪߣѪľͶӰһ㾫Ѫɣ⣬貱ļ㡣
ߵʦ
⣬ͻ
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Ѹڣӣռ̫ռ䣬ϲ
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νҩԨҪռʮֶҩݣ򼡢Ыӡߵʬ壬Ϸһ㵷ĳճ
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仰Ԩע£ԹԵȥ



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еһΪͨΪʮ졣֮ǣ鲼ʮΪʮתеţӦͨë壬ʮһһͨ衣
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ϢеԨ׵ظܳϡĴڣȻȻأϡ븹ٳŵ
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ģöǽݳ絶Цݣǿıһ£ǹūţһĽѵ



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ԯϣûзֻŨŨ
貣۶ϺʼձƼѹţЩ겢û춯ݼҵĵ̣ӦҲ벻ҩʦŶ԰
ú֡
ֻݼҵĳˣѡԯüôף
ԯҡͷ֣µ˵Ҹ֪ĶŪģ䵤¯˲䱬ĻͬСɣ֪ˣ׾ΪԴ˵¯ڵĻͼ

ԯڿͼĵ¯ҲӡŻͼȷʵ֪ݼңؽ𣬹һ͵ȼĵ¯ֻǣǵ¯󣬴ûκݼˣܼ¯ϵĻͼ
ȷţ˳ɹأǵ¯ϵĻͼ
֪˸ףһӴ¡
һλҩʦڣԯͻпѸٽ𶾣ҵػݱ
סԯ̾һǻ𶾣ɲһҩʦܹ޳ġ
գԯƮȻȥ
ųȥڶ϶˻ٴ

Ԩһö븹С
ҩʼɢʱתҫ֡ԡԪ̥֮ڴ˵صϡ
Ÿţ䵤ͥһȦȦΪһʱҩҲɢ

һ⣬ھǣԨԲͬ
ھܡҩӰ죬سͨٶȣ̫̫࣬ҲûܵʹС
٣治ǣ֢ҩĵҩ
һҲԹ뿴ܷԵҩ֮ͨľ
ֻϧÿζ޹ÿζʹȥʹȥǲжչ
ˣʵܵˡ
ûзáǰھɰʯĺӵˮʱΪѡ
á֮󣬷·ӵеļӲɰʯɳȻͺȻ
ңҩҩֹֹʹã޸ϸ΢𴦣ָ
һԨͨЧʣȻʹߡ
Թ£ڡİ£ÿһεͨЧʶҪ߰˾ű
Ҫǣܳϣ
֮ǰͨʱʹ֮£ϸ΢Ҫʱܼ
ĴڣҩЧɢݣ˺ѵѪάʱˣӰ
һöҩЧͷţܳʮʱ䡣öƼõĻԾҫֵӦܹҴִͨʮ죡
Ϊ˲˷ѵҩҩ֮գԨѾ߰Ҫʳ⣬еʱ䣬ϡ
貣ǸԺǾܵĸҲ˴
ǣԨ˳ؽҵ״̬
ĳ죬ҹ
Ԩ͵شӿоѣ
֮ԾѣΪëϸɵУţȻ
ЩԴŵıԣеġҫ֡壬Упˡ
ֹֻܱͣ
ޣλĹūţ
ԨüͷɫأŽյŴȻ󲻻Ųæأӻȡһöҩ
һöɰƷġμӹγɵġѪ
ѪõģǡþǡѪ桱Ļҽ
ҽԨԸ඾ʬƵţˡӶͳöѪ
˵ΪΪ׼ġ
ѪȻҲܽ⿪ǵˣҶ˵Ե⡣ǵˣǾ͡รɡ
ͻȻҡΣʢšѪĴƿ
öѪھҡ£͸ĴƿڣػΪѪ
ԨȻվƲڣƿһǣסƿڵšƿڳ⡣
ѪٿһƮݳƿϡ
۲ɼ΢СأڿУҺȻأλöȥ
зͨߣܿϸ΢ԷڶӬСٱģ΢СĳѪ棬ſڣССʾ״أѪطš
⣬ǡѪӷ֮Ѫ
Ѫڸ֪ѪϢ˹ȥ

¥䣬¹ҫĵطһӰӰΪһ塣
һҺڳ۵ͬɫڱֻ¶һ˫ӣڰ˶ɵĶߡ
Ѿ߰磬ɴۣһľͿ־塣
ȴ޷κ졣
ǰǰ㣬ɫ£һα֫塣
Ժ˼Ҳ򼫺Ϣ͸ת
澣ɱɵӣŪ㣡Ų̺аĹâȻ㣬Ȼݼˣǡ
һСɫ㣬ɫө棬ͻϴʮָָɡ
ɫ㣬ͷųϢΧԨ¥Ƕ㣬Ҫҵ϶ȥ
ϴβɣ㣬͸һΣ
֪źâŨɱȻ֪ԨȥǱ߶Ȼˡ
޵Ҳ̺ڴµһƪâ𡱣Ƚײߣвٸãеһġ
ɶԣѾܵõˣϧ
ΪңΪ˲úʧԸȥκ飬ȡһСâġ
ͻȻ䣬ɫޱ䣡



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Īأû
ңƺƤ棬Ѫ⵱У
ʶأȥץץƤû𵽶á
֡
ֹһ䣬ŴеȥѪҪڵ
ߣΪšеԴ򿪣Ѫ֮
еǻλŰ澭ܹеѪ֮԰澭䵽Ѫอǡ
ߣֻеִʢļ޲ܱٴġ
£۷ˣߣܻꡣ
һܴʮ꣬꣬׾١
žľܼö䣬ǧ꣬пʵֵġ

ͼеѪ֮ͻȻһХ
ХȻֹ
Լס־ط֣еһ΢СŰ澭˲е
еģƬѪȻ˾κˣ
Ѫ͵ʧأ
ľʹеѸӵȫ
ѪҺٶȣؼӿѪҰĴҴܣʹ
Ҳ޷άϵâ𡱵ĳʩ
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͵ָڣҰƵʹ־塣
ʹʶģǰȻ¥յķţ򿪡
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ǵӰھʹ֮£Ǿš
ˣݼһҪıһΪɹλɵү
ֻǣ˿ȥɵСӣţҿĿ⣬ĺеļ²
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ҵشϢţʹϣͻ׶飬ǿȻΪѪʧأŵʹŻҰο
ѪĶأŴ򿪵ߣЧΪ
Ԩںһ۱ⶳİ磬ľû͸อζҪɱǻбĿġ
ĥһ£ζ˸
ѪʴܻģѪ֮ѪеѪĶ͸ͨ澭ʱӵִʹУֻԽԽǿң
˻һ۱ͻռ
һ͵صҪԨɱ
ͻȻһɸǿҵ˺ʹอ͵ر
˲̱ڵأɪɪֲеѪµԷӿʼ˺Ѫࡣ
ŵĻɢæҪԲдУҪݼҵˡ
һ̣оԨͻȻ󣬲Ķ¡
һ˫޳֣Ҳʱǿ³֣Ȼεظסſ͡
أأ
ĺΪ˫ֵסʹǱһưͣ޷ݿ
ͱıǿףȻܺ
ҹˣҪµġ
Ԩ죬º͵˵Ҳ²⣬ѪĶأѾ͸ˡڵ㣬อǱϸ΢Ķţһʹɣţţ֪֪Ѿʼˡ
ٵȵȣٺúøܸܡ
㿴ûаһţû˲ϢΪ˶ʱ䣬ȥúø𣿡
Ԩ˹أϸ
ȻУÿһ֣ħķָһµأԼ࣬ꡣ
ܵģӻӿֵʹ࣬·ԨĻӾ硣
อ˺ѣѪܾŤĴʹҡ
Ѫȴ۾ǿףͿУԽ˿Եޱȿɲ
ȻͻԵرѿ
ɺѪǼݺͲӣŵؿڣøɱʳţС
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Ժ
ԨմѪֻ֣ʹƿȻѰľģһ顰׾ȼ͵طˡѪ綾
Զİ磬ͷβʲô

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ҹԨ¥⣬о綾
ԨݼҸ˵ǣǺһλҩʦ˳ͻȻ󱻶ԷԶɱ
˵֮󣬾綾ȼճ˻ҽ
ݼҵүѾߣǻ˵λҩʦԨʣǰ׼ͽġ
޵Ѿߺƣǳ£侲ݼǱ߸Ϣ׼ȷظһ顣
һ˵꣬ƾִٲСĵع۲ԼС㡣
𾪹Ѹ侲ȻüţĬ
ҹԨ֣ô˵϶⡣
ȻףһܺڵĳʹҹȥԨȻǲġ
Ϊ̷ˣΪѲ˸ϵ
ڣȴˡ
ھ綾¶ɱߣһĶҩʦ
λҩʦԨʣҹȥԨͽ飿
ôɣ
⵱Уʲô飿
˼ǧһʱҲ𰸣ΪҹǰԨΣҲռȥݼʦĵû
ͻȻжҩʦУ֣֡ͻȻ䣬䲻ðһͷɱİɣܣ㲻б£ɱ

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Ԩ³һڵھȻ
ˣͨھ죡ӿһЦȻǺã
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ǰס
ǶϸʱͻȻͷĿѣʶģпࣺˡ
͵عͿȻɺڰ㣬ֱȥ
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Ԩ
һۿģǺʯУϰԯ
һԯסıüͷһ壬ʶ˵㣬ҲǱģұжˣ
ƽõԯⷬŹ֡

һͻȻǣȪӿ
У׭ΧһĻСˡ
ԯϴϢţͺţѹŻ𶾣ѵرǡ
ԭǳħڵʿԨȻ㣬Ҳ̫˰ɣ޳ħڵȻ΢޵߻ħл𶾣
ҡҡͷǿǰˣΪħڵˣ޵߻ħʴϵҲͰˣȻڸˣǹ˵ˡ
ħڣ˼½ħڣʵڶҪǿʢ
纮ڰģԴ½ߴڣڼ½򲻸ǳħڵġ
Ǭ½ڵʿ˳ħڵˣҲҪСĽ
һԨڵҩڣҲڼ½
ж֮ʱʱǰħˣмԨԴ
ħǱߣҲоѣԿԯеĻ׭һ۾ϳ˶Է޵ԴԳħڵġħ
㣬㣿
ԯһѪҪ̲סıҪ
Ů˵ݼɵСӵļһ˿̿Լôһҷϣ
ô֪ħڣô֪ħ߻ħл𶾵ģܻݱе㲻̫ԯԼ侲Ȼȵ㵽˭
ҽԨ
ԨԯһתתͻȻ˵ǰãģ
šԨ˵ͷٴʵҾǱڵ˭Ūģ
Ϊɱ֮󣬺³ǵλ֣Լ֮󣬸ܴ
Ѿʾ֭ȥ룬ʲôúڡ侲侲ɱ֡
ҲǱΪܻ𶾵ĥԼħʧأԱסԼԯһ£͵࣬Ȼ̽Եѯʣ˵ƳСһֶ
ǺڣԨ˲ˣһͻȻˣһΣʶ̽ģ㣿
ҡԯûзϣؿһϣ˵Ȼ֪ħڣ֪еħ֪˻𶾣㡭ûа취
Ȼ˵꣬Ԩ͵ͷˣھа취ѹƻ𶾣ʱʯҡ
棿ԯϲ
档Ԩ϶𸴣Ȼ˵ȿȣȻ΢֪һλڵʦڳڣɣ
֪ԯӦ
ҽһӣʱѹƻ𶾣ʱ߳ʯҡԨţڣºǻкܳһʱ䣬״̬𶾣һʱȫģҪܶ׼
Ȼԯѳ׼лӿȼգ㣬ܸҵĻ𶾣
Ҹվ˵ˣܸĻ𶾡Ԩ˵΢Ц˵ڴ֮ǰϣ㣬һ顣
£
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ãҴӦ㣬˵ԯһӦңʲôӣܶʱѹƻ𶾵ģ״̬£ܽģҪɥʧǰٷش˵ء
˵㽫ڵĺҵĺ漸Ѩϡ
Ԩ˵
ڣһ⺮ӦӿԯڵѨϡ
ޡħԯȣ˵رעͷйѨλʱͻȻ;ñ֮⣬ʱԺĿ񱩻ң
۾ʱģʼΪԨ𶾵
޳ħڵܻڵѨڵıҲһ̣ʱ㻹ܱǡԨϸһ˵аʱ䣬ǻģڶֵʱ򣬻ֻܵʹ࣬״̬
ԣֳŵ
٣ڵλ֪֮ˣԯشЦλ飬ǰˣɱף

һͻش䣬شһţһʯͻԳ
һץԨ˱ʧʯڡ
κ
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أ
һ̤ңֿһ˺ͻȻˡ
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룬ҲѸʯҪҵԯѺҲҪѺ
ԯٴɴڰ³ڣ
ûʧȥǰͲʲô࣬һħ񱩣ڰ³ɵĺ붼ͷƤ顣

⣬ͺͺİɽ
ʯڣܱһ麮ʮ׶ںУű˻˻
ЩƬֹٵˣҪݼңǻŽס
ЩӣѪмҪ׵Ķʳڻغֱ֮ӽס
Ƚ׸ߣԾ͸Ҳܷǿ
ͻأʮ׶ȫζ
һ䣬ʶɢݿӡ

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ɢݿģʶٿһʯ˲ҽˮ
ʶյʹֱʹҲ˲ףͬȣ߼ǿߣȻ룡
飬ʸ˭æߺ

ȼյ棬ԯԨȻʯ
ڴЩڵʯԱԯĳıѿ
ڵʦ䶨֮ԨǿŴԯɢĹˣһ麮е⣬СݼңԨŶʦǵãСӾָʹҪ֮λݼɵСӡ
麧Ȼʧɫ
Ԩٿԯٴף߲ˡ
ݼңݼұô˸ˣоУͻȻʼԹңӿʱϽ˵ҽͣ
ˡԯֿЦ
ӿĳڣһСĻ׭ӲӵǳȻХ
صĻ׭ųҵܣ̺ſֲħǰܱߡ
ʮȦ׶˲䱻ȼ˻Х
ÿһ类ػһ£ʹذţĵħڵͬ룬ˡĲ֪ݼСǳħйذ
֪֪޷ԯûнͣȰĻ֣ջ
ͣ
һɳ۵Ļ浶ն䡣
̫ȣȳȥˡԨȥתʯ
ʯڣХȸ߰ȻȻֹ
ԯûǰΪ΢۷壬ų
ʧ֮󣬵䵽΢ڣϾǳ񾳵֮սǱȳ΢ǿ
飬Ԩ۹ǲŽ΢á
ңǰ黹Ѫ桱ɹѪȦ׶ʹսٴν͡
飬ʯڱԯסˣܻл·



ʮһ ǰǰ
ԯվڶڣӵأ档
⣬Ԩûս·һʼԤϵĮġ
ԨȻɱʱһֽϣרдʲô
һϳħ֪ħڵֲǰ
ԯ˼һıһ²⣬̤ʯ֮ù࣬ǰǰ
Ѿ϶ԨǱĳϹԷֻˡ
ǿߣȾﵽһ߶ȣ깲棬жǻۺʶ
֮⣬ǿ߻Թٴηѳֻ꣬ԷֻռǣȥĿġ
Ȼֻ꣬ռǣ߱׵
ֻ꣬Զܺͱ껥ͨܽǻۣԶȥɻһЩ顣
ԯУ˿̵Ԩ̬
ԶԴ½½ֻһƷֻûԨԨ֮ڰ³ǡ

Ԩתһζ񣬶ԯ
ԯϹϾ
ⵥӸ㣬еĶ㾡ռԨݳֽЩ㽫𶾸֮ҡȻҰѻ鷳ҪΪ顣
£ԯæ
Ժ˵Ԩ΢ЦţܶģЩ飬Ȼ²ˣͲҪ滨٣ʵ㣬ҺͳħԨԴȻ޳ħڵֻҪȥħڲһ£֪˭еǰ취Ը㡣
ңԯϽ̬ǰܷģֻҪҽ鷳ڰ³ڣҶȫϣ
Ԩ˵ͷʾ⣬ҵ飬ֻ֪ţң
ףԯ֤֮󣬲ŵǰλϵĲ
Ԩӻ֣ʾȫ֣̽˵밵³ǲԶҪ㻤ˣԼݼҡУҪңмҪϴһŪʲô󶯾
Ϊõģǰ֮ˡ
ǰġԯĿһ·Ӱɽ䣬Ű³ǵķȥ
ʱ󣬼ĿҪըԯѰٶ
ʱӸոսһа룬ʬ𼣡
״ˣ
ԯŭɶֱӾҪˣ˵ٴΣǧ뿪֪ǰ뿪ǳ˶鷳Ϊ˴Щ飬ҽͷöڲס
Ŷ˰ԯ鼫ѣЦ˵ģϵĻ𶾣Ӧн;ˡ
ԯɲ˭ѵǡǸݼҵɵСӣ
ԯû飬Ҳܶ˵Ȼ鷳Ҳû֮ĹϵӦò²ڳΪҴʯ뿪ʱע⵽ЩҪֻҪ֪һͺá
ʲôԯһͷˮ
ˣͬСɣԯһ֣µ˵пܽҵĻ𶾣пܣħڣҳħˣ֮ʼûҵˣһسħڣ
ܳΪĽˣ½ĳħڣԯһ˼
ԯصͷĶʱҪʣʱҲûڣݼңҪ£
ãðɡ

ʱ֣ϼ졣
Ԩɳⷵأ;һֱ˼ԯΪԼı
ڵˣԯᴦãԼʲô鷳
ڶʱڣǱߣӦҲⰲ˵ִ
һвԸմȾ˿
⣬ԯҪĶܶ඼Լԯģֻٲ֡
ⷽռ˴ˡ
Ԩ
Ԩ

ǱĳǰȻһߣӶ
Ԩ˼ڳվųſڵЩˣ΢΢ü
ΪЩˣһʶ
ҽлƱ
һλ꣬ɫ£ţֱ˵֮˹
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Ԩü
ƼҺݼңڰ³ͷүԨϵȣԾǻƼǿԮŪġ
Ӵ֮󣬻Ƽ䱾һֱѹݼҡ
ˣʼսעңںϣûȥƼңԶԻƼʲôˣ̫
ʲôݼүӷʮպ󣬾ҪʼǳսԨҲҪμӣ
ɣǳսǾ³ǺܶȨģˣ֣³ܱһЩֳճɣͨʮպս·İ
Ʊ˻ƼҵĽԨΪλᱻŲ룿
Сˣѵүүɵ˲ɣ
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٣ҵȻԨûʲôη岻ƱȲȥˣ˵ʮպҾͲˡҲμӣʱҿܻ㡣
ңԨͣЩЦؿ𣿡
ƱָԼıӣ㿴ң
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šҩЧԨԡҫ֡ޡ
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Ĵȶغδ꣬³ܱġķ䡣
ĺüȶУݼҵķݶ𽥱СܻȡԴԽԽ׾ˣҲݼҵʵÿ¡
ʮպͨ顢ͥıȶغδļ档
һֵԨ˼ӦöЩʲôݼҸİ
ʱͻȻĺ
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Ժ󣬺ʶȻذ磬ǳţһ·˽ˣˣ
֮ǰҹ飬֪飬ѱճɻҽ
ϢԨºģɻ󣬻ѡԼү
Ԩվɫ䣬£
δ޵ĸףٰ³ǣҪԼ߷߲ƽ̫޵ĻԼĸ׺̫үµģ̫ǰ֪ˣԼǲϳģ
ⳡԼǣҹȥɡ

үӣܱǸϣԼڽϣ
ҵڣԨڰĴ£ŵ⣬һʴʡ
δ𡣡Ѿѡ
ԨһЦͷʾס
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Ҽ֮λģԸȵϴԣ϶ԸֺǼĺѡ
ֵܹϵǳãûλãκεִ
񣬻жĴ½͹ͨߡߣϴԡ
ҪͷģǺҶͷΪ
⣬Ͷ
˿̣ݼҽԼһµģϴԣ
ζʲô
ݼҵˡſ̤ͣãǷء
ˣԨ¥ǰߵţǱļҡ
ԣȹĹ
ȴĪˣΪ˵𣬽յŮĴ飬ٰ³ǣҪҪŪࡣ
Ԩأ˵Сˣңߺȡ
СӰݼˣԨڵ⣬ͻȻһУ󷽷á
Ѿ߰磬ԭ򣬲ʸڣֻȺ
ڣȻһݼҵϡ䣬һԨ岮ùá
ԱߣһŮΪ쿡۪ү׵ܵŮϴԨҴҼû̸ཻ̫ʱӡҲ
º󣬲ŴӰĿУλ岮ùи˽⡣
ݼңһ貣һܵЩݼѰҸߵȽݡֲʱˣ˸ɱˡ
ʱ쿡۪Ѿ꣬ݼңû
財һСãΪֵܺСʱͱһλУȻݼҴߡ
ȻʱգСãȻѶǻ֪
ãǱүչ˳󣬶үӷǳΪ׸һ㡣
үҲΡǣںܶ飬ǴԼӡϱھĺԨ֪޶۲үӰѴֶ쿣ݼһƶ
Ҳ˽֪顣
үү壬ùáԨ貣񣬲ֱߣתһ˵𣬻λϳμδޡ
˺áʿ磬Ϭɫ
󣬲ޣۣȻһЦμ棬ָ̡
ǰŮͤͤɽϪ͸ССͱдҷ緶ѹֺڽһҪԴ½
Ԩһ۹Ҳò˵δޣòʣ֮ѡ
񣬻ᱻ˵ţԸж۵覴ãҲ⡣
ԼĴڣ۵覴˰ɣ
뵽ҡҡͷȻʧЦ
ڴ޵ʱ򣬸ŮҲ
ޣֻƳһ£ۣûȤ
СԨִģֻ裬ֻ뾡˻ԼרУһЩ̤뺮ڡ
УԨˣҲעһˣǿһĿܡ
ۣȥ̬ȡµĮӣ
٣ȻˣҾ˵ˣԨ䵱Ů
һᣬͲͷˣƺǰԨԻʸûֱӺү˵̬ǿӲӦҲ֪Ǳߵ̬ˡĸ׵㶨µĻԼǰû˺٣ӵģҲΥ
㣬ĻͲΥˡ
ҾǵˣӦôݼҲõѡı
ǰŮͨ޵˵ԨһκүӸ֪˺ڱѾˣӦԸ⽫Լ˺ٵġ
үӻô֪˺ڵĴں̬ȣԨ⣬Ρ
ŮжϣҲԼݵλȻٰ³ˣ貾͸ʶȤ
ʱͱˣȴüûȷ̬
Ҫʶ̧٣ߺȡ
ݼˣ䣬仰ҪҲסˡ

󲮣
ݼҵ˿䣬׷Ҫ貸Լ̬ȡ
Ԩ۵ķ϶ڣ
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֪Լδޣʱ򣬻᲻Ȱ˵䣬ȻһһӲʩѪеأ˻Լһ½
ޣ·ûע⵽׵İ棬ȻڱĿɮ붨²ؼ
̬ȣȻ磡ҪӲģһ˼û
ãܺãԨЦ

ڴʱ貳̾һͻȻع
ǰȼϣҹԨ¥ǰ类ˮ
֪ʵߡ
ȻǱָʹģȻԡѪɱˣֻҵһūŰ
ڣԼɹʵ֣Ҳʲôϡ
Ѿˣضʦֻ֮ҪϤ࣬СĽԺ˵̤½֮ɾ͡
ΪһֽԼΪԼִⱲӶ޷ԭԼ
һˣƺȻֲһأһıΣݼ˵Ŀ⣬ͷ˵ҲΪͷˡ
ΪܱܹڵȺΪܻȥ
ٶ˵һ䣡ͻȻȣֱأҪ˵ĻȻݼһŭĿ£ư˵ԼǱҪģ֮⣬һϣݼöǺСŮ
СŮݼңǵͷƼңְǲٳһЩȡ͡
ǺСŮУΪǳʣ
貣µ۹ĵλԼľΪĺڣֱҪǿȡˡ



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ԼҲͰˣǺƾʲôҪǣ
ȫȻݼҵϷ׷վָ϶
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һ£д꣬ССһ³ǵưܼ壬ǿ㣬ֻǻͥڡļ壬ƾʲôӭȢҵŮȰǺúÿûȤ
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ڱʵǰȻãǻѪʵ岻
ȻЩүӣòѿʼչֳ츳ֶ
ùģɡҲ̾ϢɬԨҡҡͷʾԨ½յĳ衣
⣡
ʱ͵ؿԨĹҪˣΣһԭ֪йأݹҲ
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˵˵ţͽʢšѪĴƿȡ
ݼˣ䣬Ȼɫ
һĿ⣬һ̣˲ۼԨϣ
ʲô
ԨСӣѵ˲ɣ
ҳϣɱǵ˵氡
ݼҴϵ£貣۪ЩϿ䣬žް԰ĺںңѾѡõʱΪƫƫҪôһ
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һǹԼˣȻҪ׷ȥݼҶŵù
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һֱԨ
ңµ۹Ľ
СŮǼǧ谮һȴΪĸһų裬ʱί͵͵
ףɲǰɵӣ
һɵСӣ˹ʺˣͻȻϣΣ
Ȼҿڳԣ˵ʲôƾһöûĵҩܶɱԼҲУ
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ڣһݼҵˣſͣľе㲻֪롣
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ֻҪҳԣҾǸŮܻ뿪ݼҡŷ׼ŭԨϵĵȻЦݣʧ˺ó侲
侲ģɱ
Į侲ʵһ֣ӹ͸ľʡ
ͬմȾѪȵԨⷬ˿̵飬ȻһͬĹŹֱ
ǸŮԨĮҪи̵̣ҵˣûĻ϶Ѫϴҡ
һǰŭǿ
˵ʲô
Ժɵ񣬶Ԩ۾ȻŮѯʣѪʲôѪ
ڣҴʦ˵˶ߣѪĵеͨ澭ɢݵۿ侲޼æͣףҪѪĻҲԵֵ
ѪȻ̫ţĿ⣬ȴԨϣתƵʢšѪĴƿˣ˵Ǳɱģ
ıҡԨ΢΢ۣԺƽ͵˵һΣһ˹˵ڶΣˡ
ſҪ͡
Ҳ˭ָʹ֮Ԩ˵ʱȻŸŮһЦ
ЦݣŮ˲
ȻԨͻȻҵҡƿ

ڶöѪڴƿڣ͵ػһųѪ
Ԩָססƿţ·Ҳס˸ŮĲ
һ֣ºƺûϳûϳͣݣأޣȵǷӦչǸ⣿
ҡſڣȴû˵Ļ
ģָܺʹףʣ治֪飿
ǣԼԼҸɣԼܲ˺ڣԼ˸ף̬һ淢չ
ôԼԼǱʶҲǡϣԼ
㡣Ԩٿ𣬡֮飬Ҳ̸ҪڣүүǸ
һЦԷǵı飬Сӣвң
Ԩһôı顣
Сӣٺ٣Ϊ˭
һ
ûеԤ׵ģƿڵţͱԨֱӳ
ƿҲͻȻ޸ŮڰУ顱һըѣ
Ѫʱɢݿ
·ǻԣЩһûѪȫӿޣһ˿ϸɺԡ

ڣͻȻɹ
ݼҵЩϺſֻͣĴܣ±Ѫˣ
ǣ˵ҪΪʲôŵһ͡һãȻ
ѵֶǸӣ۪תٲڵý䣬ȥ󲮣
һ磬˲貱֣ƶΣҪܿ
ģСӣһʼʹͷѪľ綾ɥĲ񣬼ֱɥĲ޷죡ŵĻɢҲǿˣ֪λֶӦ¶˾ġ
ν֮ǰ˵ǣʲôʱ䡣
Ʃ磬ǡѪѪֻҸŮ͸
Ϊ˴ЧԲņ˰죿



ʮ Ӧ
ݼҵãҳһ࣡
šѪĶأɱٴαͷ֮оӿڵõݼϡſֵͣ̿ɢݡ
ſڽӽߣֱӾ˵ã
ˣɢݵƫƧ䣬Զ˺Ԩľ롣
ݼҵˡſͣ񿴴ԨĿ⣬ǿһİķӣһ񾭲
ôң
˵Ĺͬ
ֹ貣ãŮҲͬ뷨ôң
϶ҿµ۹ǰĴ壡
ޣǺյĵӣעᱻԴ½֮Ů
ԨǸŮ֣
ƾʲôʲô
ڳˣһӵɻô벻ס
ۿŴƿѣѪĶɢݵţ޸ŮԨֻһ͹ӳǴƿó˺һµĽۡ
һʼԨͲвǣ
ǣҪԡѪŮľ
Ǹɻ󡪡ôң
ֻʧЩϡſͣע⵽ӱƿɳѪΧǶԸŮʱѸٵóһۡ
ԨԤı
ҲҪ̫ţѪѪֻҸŮ
·Ϊ˿϶ǵĴ⣬ʱԨȻϵػݼҵãݼˣҵĳݼҵĵ̣ŵвǵȻҪӦ
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һĮȻأλţȥѪҸŮûõģǵľΪûܽѪ֮⡣
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ʵӦѪѪ΢Сĳ춾棬Σ͸ƤѪ⡣
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ˣΪʲôѪ˭Ѫ˭ڰоɲ
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ΪѪԽǱѪҺԽ죬еﳨڶصɢ
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һѣﵽ鼶սԨ΢΢ü

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ſűʯһֻֻƲӲӵĹ۾͵˿˲䶢סˣЩԨݼˡ
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ԨУ֮䣬·ͻȻһ߮ŵĻɫ
Щ߮Ļɫ˺ҧиݼ˵Ļ͹֣ѪյĽѵ
⣬гӳսʹݼҵЩϣԵʵ̫Ԩ°ͣɵľɡ
ʼģݼˣλ岮ùãܲܵס˶ˡ
˿̵ڣݼûһλܴﵽߡ
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ȻԨ㶣Ťͷʲô飿ǲҪһס˵
ΪԨˡ
ǵǡԨҡͷָָޣ˵ѪѪԽǴ󶯸ɸ꣬ԽǾһؾ͸Խ졣սǿ󣬿ľʱûеǸ̶ȣùòȱңרȥԸ
۪һ£Աĵ񣬵һۣⲻ̫ðɣ
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ڣһжˡ
ǣϣ䣬硢ʹһɫҪȫסԨ
ԼȻ˷ƿ𣬷Ů
Ǹңŭ
ԨľȻˣǻʲôҵģ



ʮ Ѫ
ԨԼΪʲô
ңѵԼ⣿
δ߹ҪԼأ˺ڵָʹ⣬ȻҲѲ˸ϵ
ûӣǸоĬ͹ôΪ
ˣٰ³ǣݼ´ҫ
ҪүԼҪǺ׷
ҹɱԼģ
ƾʲô
ƾʲôݼңҪԹԷҪܴ˵Ȳ
纮ڣңߣ㲻һѪյĽѵֻ޼ɵ䱾أŲȵϣ
ˣԨŸҹʹɱ֡
ɣ
ʮףۿͫͻȻñס
ĺɢݣŵһųѩ׵â
ڲӬͷС֣˲ʻ
һ̲ڱеӬͷС֣Ȼʯڲ˳̼󣬻һذס
Ȼ󣬱ذףΧ֯˿
Ҫһͷײ۪Ȼʧɫò͵ֹһ鼶ңǲƴ֣
ҡ˺͵޾ؿͥΪͬȼ֣ƲġһкڵˣӦȻ
ֵͣͣ룬ڰ³ǸӦкڵĳλǰѹ󣡡
۪ɫ䡣
кǰѹ󣿡Ԩ˳ǣжǳЦʵ֪кڵˣָ֡ǣУҹȻǸǸˡԼ֣װʲô֪
˿̣Ȼˡ
ˣǰλϵδޣôˡ

ŭɶķѾӺŮô꣬ѵӺһɣҲģ㱳˭㶼ע䲻ŮѪĽҩұֻ֤ɱһݼһ·
䣡
һɫǻӿȻٴοһء
ͬʱһѪҲ֮
ǿȥѪ֮ѪѪ͸อܵ˳ͷ˴ۡ
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ӡ¡ŵâǻ籡ɫѪһ̵Ѫɱ
꣡
һͥڣϵݼҿ䣬ͻѣɢΪһ⡣
λݼҿ䣬Һûü
ƲӲӵ⣬ɫѪ֯ۺϣʹá¡ǣһ־޴ĻɫҪոڳݼ˵
̬ӵݼϣЩݼҹĿ䣬ԸεѣŵĻɢ
쿺ֵܣֱΪͥڡΪżȼΪۣҲҪɱڳ˵Ҳапࡣ

̾ϢţֵܻҪӲͷƤȥӦҪʯٵ
Ԩ˿ֿԶԺʹ۪޴ֵޣͻȻߺȣϷǰѵһֱȥ
ʲôˣϣļٵ貣ĴţһĽڵĳϣĪʼնڣ

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ÿһĳֳ쾧ʯиɣӨҫųĿĳԣ˲ֱӡ
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ԯ

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𱩺ȣ貺ȻһݼˣǴϲ
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ӦģңѪѪԨһ䣬Ȼµؾ񣬵㣬ǰ³ǣڰ³ǣݼףֹ
㣿ԯǣһĻȣƾƺЩ֣ҿڰ³ǣĴ׵Ǹˡ϶ͱˣȶ֣ͷųģݼҵɵүɣ
Ժɱ˵׺ɱ飬ҪѪɱҸŮ˾ʲô
˵ģйԨ£ԯֻǰŰɡ
Ϊʼվãħ߻ħĸף˵Ļȫš
Լ۾Ԩõʵ
ԩԨߺ㣬ҵ߹ıңҪңδŵϱ֪ȴδֹҪҸͱˣǰ³֮ݼҳ
貣쿵ˣСУһֻĵС
Сӣѵ֪ǰԯܳΪ³ǵĳƫܣƫ̻ǿߣѹȻߣһλ
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ⷬ޾ŭ
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ͬѪѪޣ֮ӯ
ѪĽҩԯҡҷţԨ

쿵ˣæߺȡ
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ԯһãü俴һۣǳÿ
ÿ貳
ڵģеݼˣʶȤط׷ÿ
ŲδͣЪԯôվԨǰȤضһۣ֣Բݾܾ˵ѪĽҩóɡ㲻룬ݼҸһ꣬ȰʶȤһ㡣
ԨûʾֱĿ⣬ƽ˵㣬㡭в𣿡
ԯҪ˵ǡͻȻǰһвѾอûнҩۿҪˡ
͵ؼвԨ֮ǰǸҵģԸƵľ
вȰ˵һƬĵȰ˵ԯʱԵģıҪ˵Ļһһޱº͵˵ĵǳĻǾһȰ𣿡
һ𡱣Ȼŵ㰧ζ
лŵݼˣ䣬ɵۡ
ʲô
˺ɫأԨģǰ³ǵĳǶġѪ



ʮ 
ֻҪǰ³ǵˣ٣˵һЩڡѪĴ˵
˶䡰ѪܳΪ³ǵĳνմѪȡ
ԣ³м̵ֲĴɱǳֱʡ
³Ĵ壬ԯλΪǰλޣʵĺ׺Ůˡ
ԼңƼңݼңĳԱ֪û˵С
˿̶̣ġѪȻԼǰԼλɵү
˶ãշڵ飬ϣ
նҸ㷨ӡԨͻȻЦԯ֣
ԯʯʱûʧȥʶ֪ǺңӦþͲڳĵصס
գ˸޺Ѹٵжϳ°뺮ҵģλл𶾵ĳħߡ
ǰλ³ǵĳˣ
Ȼˣл𶾵ĳħߣȻмԨԴ
ҪôҲԳħڣҪôܵذλħڵߡ
һ֣ԨΪĿǰ׶Σλ˶ȻվԼߣѡڹؼʱ̣Լ˺
õġ
ԯһЦҸŮĿ⣬ҲĿ⣬ҡҷؿԨҲԨ˵ǰ㣬յԨʹϴ
ݼһģЩ֪롣
ү貣Դƺͷе
Ǳߣôճִ֪һ鷳ĳС֮ôô°
ʵҲ򵥣ġ
Ԩ΢Ц㿿ԯС䣬ѹ˵ֻҪ㣬㣬ǡѪѪȻܻȨһСѵˣҲǸӣȻˡ
˵𻯽ⷽʱ᲻š
˵δѪҸŮѵʱͶȻ߰
ҸŮ
ǱѪอʹʱǻŭҲʲôˡ
ޣ͸Ӳζˡ
ѾţǱԨɱ
ڵڣԨַоȫڶجεĿ¸С
һجΣϣܿ
ૣ̬أںͽεԯЦԨֻûڣ˵ܣȻѪѪҲ͸Ƥˣ޺޵롣
ⷨӣе񶾰𣿡Ȼ䣬ԯŹֵصͺƺЦ⣬̫Ըȥš
ʩΪɣҪ죡ȻԺ󣬿ܾûˡԨ
ԯ룬ͷ˵ãң͹һأϣ㣬Ҫ鿪ЦȻ³ĻѪɺӡ
Ԩߴ٣ȥɡ
δ꣬ĴȶܿҪʼˡˣҺȻݼңһЩڴԯһݣԨ㣬ڴءŶˣԺգʲô飬ʱҡ
仰Ȼٴγ֡
ȻƯ
Ҳҡ
޵˵ͷȥ𱻶ţβƮ
޽ǰԱ̹ǵ񣬿Ԩһ£գҸŮܳ裬ն
ҵžˡԨ΢΢ۣ˵Ҹϣǣܳԡ죬ûгǸŮʲô³Ӧ
Ҽˡ޵˵ͷʹȥ
һߣڵݼˣٴը
סڣһߺȣмλѣ϶ɱǵʬ塣
֪ˡ
ˣЩϿʬǣȥռᡣ
ңһδͱˣҿⳡԼίʵûмıҪ۪վʹ˵󲮣ˣҺݼѾ˺ˣ
֪ϣ΢Ҳ뱨𣬿ɡ
ģ˼㲻ҲҪѲƤԨһ˵үүԼȲҪǡңһΪõĴ֣Ӧдۡ
˶ȻĬ
˵Ŀ⣬ϣһǿİˡ
Ϊı֣ʵ̫ף
ңҾԨӲͷƤ֮ͣԸôȻҵĵֻǲ˵
Ѿͷ˵ڻһλʦڰѹ󡣡쿵
λʦΪԨûϸ˵үү۶ϵȣһ취ҿԱ֤ľ磬ָܹġ
˻һȻˣҲü٣ģ
šԨͷֿ쿣۪ˣ룬˵ݼδģǳĴıȶҪиӣ
гãͥҲκˣ۪Ȼ
ôԨ˼أ°ͣеģԺʲôУҷſİɡݼңΪңΪССһƼңڰ³ǵ¡
׷ԵɣԹԵ߳ȥˡ
СԨô£
󲮣ֶĻңΪʲôôİ
δȶˣͨ𣿡

Ԩɻ뿪һԵغүӡ
ү貣ҲûףɻǹȰ˵ңģԺ󣬷ǱѰĿԴɡ룬ܸǣݼҲϵشϲ
ϲǾŰ
죬ˡ
ôңô޼ɵأҸŮʹɱ֣ңºڵѪȱ𣿡
費δš
ֻмʱ䣬ô죬Ťתǳıȶŵ⣬үԼҲüѣңҲưոݰһ⣬βܻ⣿
ݼңܷ𣿡



ʮ Լ
³ǣĴ壬ֱΪԯңԼңƼҺݼҡ
ֹǳڸ棬Ŀɽҩ֣ҲĴ干ͬС
ڣ³ǵĳҲĴַᡣ
ԼҺͻƼң֮ǰ꣬ȡԯңƿ˰³ǵĳȨ
Ĵ嵱УƼҰѿɽʯɵϡرĿʯڻƼҡ
ݼңŰ³ܱߣƬҩֲֳҩݡ
ԼҺԯңҪڳڣ³Ҫ֣̽඼˳ԯҡ
Լңڰ³̣ڵľ¥ཻϵ̣ܶ඼ԼҰѿš
ƼҺݼңȡʯϵķʽڳ⣬׬Ǯ
ԯҺԼңԸ棬ķʽȥø档
ˣɽҩݵȫ棬ԯҺԼңҲͬռһݶ
νĴȶռʵ·ɽʯҩԡֳı
ڳڵģԯҺԼѳֵģƼҺݼȴǼѲġ

ǶԯҵһլԺ޴ľͰڣֱŮ
ʢľͰİɫҺ壬ζ˱ǣܿһЩƯ
ƯĶ棬ССĳܿͱüӲж
СѪ綾һϢشͷǻܸܵеλã඾ۣ˱ԴڡѪѪ
Ŷص壬ĵķŭȴʼδʡ
һߣǿųζЩ渽ޣ˫գ
Ůû뵽ݼ˴شδܵóԸ
Ԩ
ŭȡ
ңǴݼңԨдŪⶾķʽǸŮѾˡԯȰ㣬䲻
ɫˮ
¹µһխȹۣȵΣһŰ۵㡣
˵ⶾķһЩ࣬ϾҲЧԯĿ⣬ŮƲܱǰ³ǣϣңҪ
ڵʦڳ⣡Ҫǵ֪СŮ˶ѣưոݣ
֪ǰŮˣ񣬵̧δؾѹƣú˵¡
ŶˣиϢ˸֪ǡԯ˳ǣЦݹŹֵ˵һɽ˼սĺۼλڵʦӦѾɱʬǶûҵ
ʲô
Ůȡ
ʵҾԨиԯȻλʾԺЩ뿪³ǡңúŪˣƽϡǧʲôĪڰ³ǣһҪҺͺڽ
һѣвĻ˵꣬˱ڸŮˣޱȾĿȥ

У鱦իԺ
ͽ˶ԵЩӷ׵Զ˶ʮָöǶĽָݻš
ǰʯ̨棬ڷһѼһƣһߡ
䣬ͷų⣬Ѱ
ٰƷҲߣƷѡ
Զ˹أһںڼһĨڹ紫˵еڼڣ͵ؼѣƷڰ³ǲ㶥ҲܳۡҾãСӡС
Цݣӵ񣬴ǰ̹ͣ׽֮Ը㣬ֻΪ˵࣬¼
䣬Բԣûȥǿƺߣûв´ҪģҲɣ

ԨͦΣأԼҵĵڶƶߣҴ֪Լ鱦իʺҹùáԣҽչľʱȤ
ͣ
鱦իϵƹذסЦ˰ݸߵվԶԣԵ˵⣬ݼСүұҪһ䣬յ鱦իʱù۪͵һʱˡ
񶼼ǵãʱӣ֪Ϊûܹ𣿡
ԨشذԹԵظ˴𰸣ۣ
ԶΣѷȿŵҡ鱦իɲʲôƵأû㹻ʯ̸ȥҲûʲô塣
䣬̧֣ʾذͿ͡
ˣˣģҲѾˡ
ݼλѵСүУȷЩֲ
Լ鱦ի׬ǮĵطɵˣֻҪ鱦իûȤ˼ȥ̺
ǰԨʢʯĲƤûȻǿֶ
鱦󣬾ѾζǶԼҵĲأ
ţܽľ磬龳ͣ͡ԨǰһֱԶС۾ССһ꣬˵龳ΪҲˡҶ֪ͨ׼죬лᣬδһ㣬̤ͥġ
֨ѽ
ҡεΣͣ
鱦իϵƹذ鲻ƣҼСУθɣ
ԶƶС۾ͬ䣹âһɻɽȻֵԨϡ
Ǽ䣬Ԩֱͦı
Զ֮ͦ󣬾ȴʱԨ߳һͷһΡɽ˼ǿѹȸС
СŮһ£үġس˳ǡ
һɰȻѹȶ
Ԩƺһϥǳܲסأ͵ۿҪʱͻȻͺȵ壬˵ν
ֲѹ̼йȥ
ԨһٴվֱĿأԼҵڶƶߣҴų֮Ըڿ֣Ϊ֪Ҫʲô
˵ʲôذ
ȥǰԺκ˽㣡Զɫöָ֣ʱգʱɿֱźԺ᷿ȥ
ʯ̨ԼֵƵƺߣû࿴һۡ
Ԩβ롣
֪
Ժ᷿УԶԵЩЩľǽУҵһɽˮĽͷųҫ⡣
ֻһۣԨ֪᷿ܸʶ̽졣
ߣûа취ͨʶ͵᷿ڵĻġ
֪ڵǣûеõԼҵɣԨʣ⣬ǳؼ
Զɫһ䣬㶼֪ʲô
壬Ȼشҵ⣡Ԩ׵ѾΪŮ鷳£λԼҵĶߣķˡ
Զԥãͷ
٣ԭǵõɵġԨȻһЦô˵ԼұĿɽˡ
ô˵ԶҲȻ֪֪νġ֪СŮܽٵվǰ̸
Զֱؿڽ棬ΣϢֱôûһ˵ǣҿ¾Ͳ뿪ˡ
ڴˣһƾڵӦѾˡԨ΢Цţ̬ɣ֪Ҳ֪δ֪棬ֻʣһƾ֪꣬һƾ꣬ǱѪɣ
Զɫ糣ʾ˵ȥ
㣬Լңܽ뱳͵͵ʵСļƻˣԨȡ
ΣԶֿ죬ٺЦ
Ԩʱη⣬Ѿ׼ʹɱ֣Ԩɱڴˡ
ԼҪʵʩġƣ©֪»֣֮£жⷢ
ǡ𣿡ԨЦһ壬ңܰ㣡



ʮ 
鱦իǰԺá
ͰݸߵƹذԨںڵӺԺȻ
ݷá
Ԩӻ֣ʾذԶͣȻźԺߺһл壬ĴȶСֶٴεšŶ˵ˣȶͨСֶҲǲսߣ˵һ䣬Լҵĸ顣
ƹģ߶߶ˣ͡
ذĿ£Ԩ̤鱦իƮȻȥ
ǿֶЯض飡
ң
ðΣذŻعע⵽ԶҲɺԺ߳ԥһ£ʵǰ鼶Ʒôˣ
֪飬ʶģԶӲռԨѶϢЩ꣬ʲôˣʲô飬ҶҪ֪ԽԽϸԽã
ǣذӦ
Զӷ׵ǣſڶµʵʵۣԨȥķкߵȶ֤Բʵ㣬ݼңҪ꣡

ҹǱݼҡ
鼶Ʒ
ǰں͸ļŵн洦Ƕŵǿű飬Ԩ˼˵Ƿ飬ȴϢӦֱˡ
Ǭ½ͼ½źڶܲĵֲնصشڡ
ĺԨ䡣
صġҲǹΪ֪
ǰΪҩԨȻ֪ĴڣҲߣԡߡ͡͡ǫԼ
ߣطԺ͡ϢϢء
ʩľߣˣǡ
ʽġ
ߣֻǷЧ
ԼңصģǬ½һС塣
ƾãĳɳҲ൱ǵľѡǱ˳ٻĶ࣡
νǰһƾ꣬СຢͯڣຢͯĴϻ죬Ѹٿǣʶأνʣʵ֡ͨ顱
ǣҲܷߡߡδܳΪߡ
Ȼ⣬롰ߡڵǣطûߡ׳󣬴Ӷ꣬ѪȥѪܣ
ܽǵõһͷġߡ
ͷ˳سɳɱ䣬һףܽ棬ΪһߣΪνġߡ͡͡
صʵԴ½ߴڣҪǿʢһء
ܽй̹̹ǰ;ǰȥи߽׵
ֻǺܿϧͷص֪ԭ֮⡣
ʱܽӦ֪ԼҵԼӦñԼҵȡͷ
ԼңûԼ
ԼҲˣı֮ƣҪܽûͷľ꣬ɾ
£۳ɻ򲻳ɣԼҶѾ㱳
Ϣһ©ǱߵߣȻִһҹ䣬Լ˾
ܽҲᱻߣܻ׽֮󣬴׼ķʽȥͷ
ұԼұȻѰٵ¿ɽˡԨѩȻԼӦãܽԹ
ţָĦŵн洦Ƕķ顣
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ǧ˿ƵĵתȻƮݶ͸Ŀڱǣëϸףµ﷽λۡ
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̼䣬Ԩᵽ˿˿ǿŷɳڱָݵڡ
ֱµĻͥѨ϶
ͥѨϴŵСţ͵׳գâĿ
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ŵţգŻͥѨϷţγһ·ںѤ磡
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ϢҩЧԡҫ֡תŤγɵѤʺ磬侭ȻʹҪѣ
ȻͨЧʣҲٴδ
ùãֶʵ̫ͣϢ;ҫ֣Ҹһ¥Ԩһ죬һ߳سֻϢȶǰǻύϡ

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׸ߵĽɽĶڣһ㡣
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ʯֻǷƷģ֮γɵĽҲֻܶͼ
ͨͼģˣҲһ롣
Ľɽÿ꿪ɵĽʯǻƼҵһ档
ˣɽҲܻƼҵӡ
ɽһɽУΰڲʯǶ飬硣
ϸ磬пǻƼصĽɽŵֱۣʵ⣬ƤεͬΪΪǴϣȻ¹๦򣬡٣Դǰ³ǣפݼңûٸ鷳
ͣһ£ŵƴǲѾˡͻȻĪɣҪǻƼңȶϣݼң
𣬿ֻɫЩ԰ףΨԼףѪĶأȻѾеڲСأǧٿףҪܳʱָܻս۷һ롣
ѵ
һڻǰʯ衶һ
ϸ磬Ǻ⣿衵ͷ˿ӲðʯɫЩʯֵϽɽճˡ
ǻƼңûʲôϢǰյģĿŹ֡
ҡͷûС
ԯʶȤӦݼұ죬Ϣֹһ䣬Ȼ˵ҪԨĴģȶϣ
룬ʱֿһʯϵʯ֪ģǰ³ǵȶʱ򣬶ֻǷʤġ
Ȼ֪ǲս˫ͬĻҲġЦĸԸҲĿŵΥۿԼϣԨֻҪˣǻƵĻԼȻҲˣ
ԥ
ˣƼұҵѣҲǷƼһС顣ƻ
ڵ顭
۾һ˾ãҴӦ㣬һҶӹͨﻮһ£Ԩȶ
ãȡ
ˣˣԯ˵Ԩи˳
ԯҲңڰ³
£ѡŮȳ밵³ǣԯġ
Ȼҵ衣ҪƼҵڲþеȶϣɻƼҹأԨɱ󻼣



ʮ ʮ
ͨʮ죡
峿ճԨȻۣһХ
ǿŷ飬ӡҩЧɹڶʱڣ俪˵ʮӶ̤뵽ͨĵʮ죡
ȶɻʱ䣬ľͻƣȻִ˼֡
ϲ
ԯƫƫʱ򣬹һͻأ
Ԩ΢΢ɫ͵ŤͷǽյĴڣһ޺ȹεĳˣЦˣ
һˡԯһûΪ˵ľˮ߰֫һŤӰԨǰ鱦իıôҪֵģҺǺ氡
ҸŮأԨʡ
ķӣŮľ綾һʾͱͳ˰³ǡԯ˼ֱȣ㽻ľϣһֵֻ̨򦣬ЦԨ
ԨĿ⣬Ļڡ
еΪҪûв´ӦǸ߽ɣߣͻԨСµ﷽λݼңģûκθõĸ߽Ҳڴˡ
ؼΪͽסн׺͸߽ףȻϸΪƷ
Ǭ½ĵ۹ңеԵͽ׺н׾Ӷࡣ
߽׵ֻһƷҲΪ
߽ζٶȿ죬ͻУܹ鷳ϣںԪ󾳽硣
ߣʼնֻеͽ;䣬ûʶ󾳽˿ܡ
нֻ˵мСϣִܵڡ
Ԫ񾳣ɲнȥġ
Ǭ½ߣڳʼʱֻܽӴͽ
ȻھͻƺõĻܵõʵнС
ϣδִ½Դ½õĴڴ࣬Կ䡢ݱɣлӴ߽
ԯԼеҲнƷѡ
⣬һؽѣһؽػá
ԨͨΪеȻǸ߽׵ģ
ζʲô
ζУԨҪܣʾ֭ȥȡµĿǰеģ
֮Դ䣬Һݣֳи߽
ԯԨϣһȦȦع⻷
ҲĺģҪһȦȦع⻷Ūλݼ꣬Ŷܡ
㣬㿴ˣеͨԨɫأģСµתЦ㣬񣬿λܵܵģЩҰ
Ҹƨԯһ䣬ֿЦˣȻʲô˵Ҳǿ
ѵ
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ɫ
ϣԴĻ𶾣ܳʲô鶼˵ƭʲôʱͱֺˡ
ģϣҲ֪ȶҪʼһʱ䡣Ԩ
ȶԯü룬ͻ㺰һķϣҸһ顣ʲôͨıȶ㻹ǳɡ
ΪΣԨֵʡ
Ϊã¡ԯ룬˵Ҫսֻ˵һᱣ֤˲
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ף
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ү
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үѽʵ϶й罿أһۣŽ˵ֻǰΣûүţҾֻͷˡ컹ˣһͷүڴڿˡ
ոգûпһûʲôԨʡ
ûаôˣ
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رգԨѸ߻̨ԯĺƿޣŪ˴£ⱻƼߴߴʸûꡣ
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ˡ
İ׵ԨߺһŷŰ롣
罫ͭ裬ϴ̵ëڷ̨Ҫ̷Ԩࡣ
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ԨЦЦʾⰲÿԼ֣ȥòա
ү˵ƼҵĻƱ𣿡ͻȻʡ
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˵
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У粻о磬Ҳûи֪ѽͨʮ졣
ү˵ǻƱųҪǵҲսȶʱģ˵ЩżƱˣܶΣֿɺˡүոû̫ãҪҪү˵һ£ɴսˣ
ƱԨ°͡
СԨ
쿣ҴҶһȵ֮ȶ㻹Ǳμˣһ꣬ȥμӣ龳ս
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ƼǱߣ˻ƱҪ֮ͨս֣ŭ壬үӵȣǱƼҴϣЩҲƼ۸ĺܲҡҲˣûϵòˣʼ̤֮·ǱҪɱ㣡
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˫ͬ⣬ǿԵġ쿵ͷ¾£ʱƼҹ⼤ŭ㣬ʧȥǣ˼ӣӦʵ˵ǻƱȻͨսȷʵ㡭
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Եģս̫Ҫ̫ؼˣСװ㣬ͷо磬սûõİ
үүʲô˼Ԩ
үҲΪȱս顣쿲ãԲμӣҪܿƱеĻƼҶɡĵùǻƱˡ
ȱսôԨһ䣬˵󲮣ǳͨıȶƫƫҪμӡڻƼҺͻƱһʶһ£Ǿʲôͣڴͥɱң



ڶʮ ɫ糺

ԯڿ޵Ͼ֮ɫ
һλףͦɵΰ꣬ϢУŵѪζǳɱȻɡ
³ܱߵĴʮڣнԻͽ׳ж޹ʧ١Ѳ棬ԯҵɽͥΪɳƵĵͳٵ׷Ȼû˿
ԯ˼ţںͳ⣬ڿ쳣İ˳ûУûʲôر鷢
û쳣İˡҡͷ˵ƼƿصĽɽڣɽڲα¼вٿũʬڽɽڲʬ׻ûŪ
ɽԯü
ɽصĽʯɶ꣬ҿҪݽˡͣ濪ɵѶȣԽԽ̲еķˣڼھ̫׳ˡʯļֵҲֵ붯߳
ˡ˿ũڻƼУʯֵǮԯ˵ͷ˵׷Щʧߵ䡣


ס
صңԯţֱԯĳΣЩѾԨҲӦңȶʹݱػĻ𶾡Ŷˣҹ衡
ԯ³һڣӲϷɽĻһ
Ҿ󣬲ҹضԨֻ֣û衰æˡԯЦ˵һû뵽϶ԨСϡҪҳ棬ҿݼҿܻˣ϶ŮҲҪԨɱ
סһ㣬ԨԳ˶Դԯɫ£УҪȷȻ
ǰ³ǣҼȻѾ֪Ƽɱԯԥһ£˵ʮȺнԻʧ٣¡͸״ûйϵ
֪Ԩǻط֮ԯڶʱڣ밵³ǵġ
ޡħԯʧʱһѪɱ𶾴Ŀֲѹ
Ҳˣ֪аԻʧ٣òԯΪ
ҡ
ʲôأ

⣬ݼ

дػ֣һشţײԨ
¹µԨǴشŲ崣ʱײţ类սУƺһűʮ
ݼլ̵ʯ壬кܶ飬ѱ̤ѿ
䣡
һţײԨǻӰȻء
˺ˣ͵ɡ
֣ҹɫĽų죬ɵԨүǳͨıȶαôӣ
ͱԨӲϵԨҪιС
˵ǰ
΢ѹûսԨԴ˿̵ǰŰ
ʱͿҪҹˣԨǲͣ
ܿԨǲǰûоսĥ£ŲַƵʵĵԨֲڵĺܣǵǺǳͨս
Ԩǳ˺档
ΪԨѵж鷳˵˷ݼҵõǳҡ
кܶɻ棬貵£ݼҶ
ңԨںݼʱĥȥԨĥսա
ү㻹Ҫɶã첻˵е㵣ģɴǰеôˣڶסˣˣҪ̫ۣϢɡ
ҹɫ̫ԡ
֫Ԩֱһ£ϵı飬Ե󣬡үүע⿴ɢĹΣǲе㵭糺죿
̧ͷ濴˿Ԩ˵ͷŵĹԣе㵭糺Уżڵı仯¹Ҳϸ΢ı仯ⲻǺ𣿡
̫Ԩҡҡͷ𣬵֪ΪʲôҸоеѹ֡
Ĭ
֪Ԩܡ
ԸݼңȻҲ˽ġ
˿̣ԨչֳĹŹ֣Ҳʼ˼
Ҿãܻ鷢Ԩ۲һɫأүүҪһֱߡ
ã
ʱ䣬һһš
ԨˣݼլڵΪлͥԺ
һӵʣȴѡ죬Ԩɵȡ
ҹͻдƶĤȣݼܱߵĴ䴫
үүңһȥԨȻ
΢΢ɫͷһӰͻȻ᲻Ǻڲģеĳı
ڣָʹҶūɱԨɣŮٴⴴпܲһе¶֡
˵أ˰³ǵĳ⣬ԯҲ˲ãòΪԨİȫǡ
ΣҲǺڡԨۣһɫأ糺֮ɫŨ˼˿

һףһͬɫì棬վڴУĹ
ʮ³ǵЩڽÿһ˶û˿ڽ
ѹ
ˣˣһˡ
һվǰѿ䣬ϻʮ˼ңʮˡģҲԻҶ϶Ŀ֮һХʱѵһʱ䷢ѶҲˡ
ǡ
ǳ鴤һ£ǿĵıʹͿֻţǸʱͿһˡϼļӣҶСĵļλɩȫˡô̵ʱ䣬Ҳг׳ô˵Ͷأ
ۿʪˡ
³ǵһĴ壬Ҳв٣ǴӳĴѡ
ֻҪܹ߱츳õϸѡ֮󣬾ܳΪ³ǵܹڵ͵Ƚ׵Ӷ̤е·
ֻǣĳһľ磬ͨͻ̫ͥпϣ
ͳԸĴ䣬䲻ǰҲڴ
һ뵽컹Ĵ䣬һҹ䣬ͿһˣͶµûš
õķ롣

ƿͻХ
ˣߺȡ
ڵ˲תʣӭս׼
ҫƣտ಻ͬɫɹΣЩڣеͷųССĴ䣬쳣ҵ
Ԩݼ
Ϊ˱ʮԶԨԱš
Ԩ
棬ЩŲɫ㵡
գʵ׹
ûˡڰ֣ʾ˱̫ţԨ䣬ϸԨһۣ˵үҹģ
ԨڴڣĴ˼ۣǲˣȫʧٲˣ
΢΢ɫ֪
Ԩɫһ䣬һʱգûбʧ¼
һ纮Ƶʧ¼кüˣһٶλԻӰհ㣬Ů٣ڶʱʧģǵһ𡣡
ԨҲƳ̬Ȳƣˡ
ݼҼ룬ݼ߶šΪԨƲϵʱգүݼӼݼҲǽ硣
㣬֪Щʲô˵
Ԩ糺ɫȻ³ǣд



ڶʮһ ִ
Σ
ЦһŨѪììֻʧһЩԻͷӶѣΣ³ǣ
Ҳ졣
Ǭ½ĳǳغʹÿһʱ䣬ܳʡ
ˣһЩʧһЩᶯҡǳظ
ĴУӦа񷨾ߣ;³ǣһЩӼ
ߣӰȥ٣ᶺ̫ãⱻϡ
Ҫ˵ǣڰ³ǺΪ浱ԯĴصģ
浱µ۹ˣ
ҪǻسǣˣӾ仰˵Ԩ
Ϊ˭ˣ׼ģ̬ȲƣСӣݼøҰһ㣡
ǰݼҵõǳҳͻԯ買Ϣ
ˣǻƼҵĻ衣ǰ棬ڵʱĵãԯ׿˵Ԩʱȥ
Դ˴ΪģѰԲʮﷶΧĿߣеİˣҪϼӿ죡üͷӵĿ⣬࿴һۣ˵һЩϢ֪ĸл졣
ѱ顣ɬ
˵ͷϣ㣬Щ죬һЩǵ
㾡ȥǡ̯֣̹
Ҳһ˵ˡӻ֣ôɢѲ飬˵˵ˣо磬ڶʱڣһĸжʧĸɸɾеѡ
̹Ȼ˵
Ҳǡ汧ȭڣ³ǵĳⲻ̫ƽλءһǽǣسǣʲôⷢ
Щ֮һ뿪
糺¹£ȥ¥յĴ䣬类һ㵭ѪɫͬԨУү㶼֪ЩʲôУҪҪһĽ飬ذ³ǣ
ڣǳⲻȫҪ˶ãӦþǳˡԨҹգüͷ̫ӣʵǵżˣԶ밵³ǣһˮ
Ȼôأ
ءԨ̾һ΢˵ҲδضšˣһУæ뿪³ǣҲ̫ʵǡ
ʲô
ǣ뿪ͿҪͰ³һᡣԨҡͷҲԥ˵ϣңڰ³ǣĶϱķϸϸҪȷеǸ²⣬ǲġ
ã

һҹߡ
ͬ£ԨķѴʱ⣬Ű³ǶϱĽǣ߶һȦ
Ǳǣ
ڶ磬ɫԨָһСɽ
ɽݼҵͷƼؿɵĿɽͣƱĸ׻衣ӦþڽɽݵϢҪͨȶϣɱˣǻƱ
ɽԨۣ˼ʯͷڿյϰڲ۵ķλǽɽ
н磬ɽû¼
¼Ƶܾȣ£ôƶϳģ
ؽɽģȻǻƼҡԨ⽥䣬ôƼңǳڵߣǶԷˡ
˭Ҫڰ³֣Ҫһѽ
Щٸ㡣ԨһддˡھͻسǣҪȥԯҪҲ²ĽɽڲѪɺӣʬˡ
ɽݣΪ˷ֹѪζɢݣֹˡ

ɽڲɽ
һ𮳤ʯݺύ棬ڶʯβʯεضʵ
Щʯڣ˵ذڷʬ
ڶ෢˿ϸѪߣ͸ЩʬʬڵѪ룬Ѫʡ
ɢɺâѪߣ󷨵ľ磬
ǧѪߣŹ⣬ǧ˿ƵѪ۵һɽײģľ޴Ѩ
Ǿ޴ѨڣǧĴָϸѪߣ֯һŴѪ
ѪڿգռѨ
ÿѪ߽񣬶ųӲѪ⣬һѪ⣬ҫĶѨ
ֻѨѪɫ

һѪӰŴѪڣϵشš
ÿѪӰһѪ߽ŵĲӲѪ⣬ȻϨ
类ûһѪ֮
ѪӰǽ׳š

ǰ
ӼԨģȻǴӳ档
ڱչؾ˼ȶ֮ǰ̬߳Ӳ˵ˣң֮Ҳûܼ
磬ܲͨһ˵ԨرϢҪ֪ΪܼԯԵ涼ˡ
澪һ£̬Ժã˵үҶ㲢ûʲôɼˣĲ˭ġñչأƾڵ̬ȣҿ԰æͨһĲС
ĲУԨٴȷϡ
ҡͷǲС
ϣ㶯ְɣִ󡣡Ԩˣ˵ģµģʰо֡
ðɣɥ
û¡
ɴۣ׳հ㣬ԨǲǷˣǰ³ǵĳһֻǻͥҪڳǰ֣ȷ𣿡
ʱвٰ³ǵˣҲ⵽˵֣׷׾ۼ
ͷʹޱȵأԨ˵ҪȻݼңүү˵˵
үҲһҲŭˣ˵ȶǰҪǾǣĲκ˴ݼүӣ
ֵԽԽãܻʰо֣Ԩͷرȣϣҵжϣһ㣡
ã
ӲͷƤڳ⣬³ǵ֡
Ԩ¡
⣬൱ԯң³ǣ



ڶʮ Ѫ

׵磬ֳֵĶì񱩵
⣬һ򵱹أìָ򴦣羪ˣ
ͥΪܴ֫壬籡ɱС
еĶìΪ硱ǿΪһƷ
һƷȻҲ
硱ڲԿ̵ͼעʱ䵼ľӶì⼤ʱһɫ磬
磡
ս಻ԣֻбķݶ
ֵ޽ᷨӡÿÿʱһܡ
ܣɫٴᡣ
ŻͥΪ澳Ը߳һڴսУȴѹƣûл֮
ԨһţҲЩΡ
֮Է֣ܴԭԼϡ
ˣ֮·Ҫͷ
òջл죬ҲΪԼʩչлʱȥҵܷɡ
ûƻûȬټ֣

磬ôս̤
ǳǣƽˣ
ܶవ³ǵŴ棬Ǳˣһɷ翴Լδ
һƽûԺռ
ûֻ̹Ϊ츳ѡγΪ³ǵʱڣлͥΪ
ֱ־Ŀģܿüż
Ĵڣ·Ϊ˸ǣֻҪŬ̿Уǳ΢ҲΪΪϣ
һգҲܳΪ
һλͨΪƤڵ꣬սȭͷġ
һ磬ƿܣ䵽ؿڡ
һ˵ء
һûгʤ׷ԭذȻλذɡ
Щ˼أԨЦһ¡
࣬ΪίġԨ۾峺
˵ͷĵϣûۻ軨Ķˡ
ʱ䣬ҲòˣϾҲСԨûǣܱڶĿ⣬Ավţʼų
ߣü
ڵˣҽȥԨЦ˵
ȥΪðˣѺȥ𣿡泰
ԨҡҡͷЦ
ڶΧߣԡ
棬Ԩ
ʱӳڣԯƣұչǰ˶һˣҺԨʵԼġ

仰ģЩ³ǵΧߣɫãȻ
Ҳ죬Լģ
Ϊӵ񣬶Ԩ࿴ۣӲͷƤ˵ܱǸүɡ
ϣԵƬ̡ԨŤͷ˵һ䣬͸һȥ
ֻ֪Ҫڳ⣬Ū㶯ܾԯλħڵš
˵ľΪܱߵķ紵ݶδؾܾǡ
ڳĴ򶷣һܲ
ħڵţֻҪ־ƬѣʶݶϾ֪ˡ
ԯľ徳磬ţǸŮ˵ֶκӦҲ
ʵ֤Ĳ²Ȼ
Ƭ̺Ĵ£ϵĴҲٴμˣλӺݶ欵Ůˡ
㣬ּˡԨ΢Ц˵
üͷһɫٴβơ
ȥԯ⣬ȷԸ뿪Цӯӯ˵ʲôôżҪô󶯾Ǻǣǲ˵˻ƼҪɱϢˣ
ҲǺ»ƼɱҡԨǰһףᵽƮݵʱͣ£Ǻ»Ƽңɱ˰³ǵߣڶķˡ
ԯȻ˵ʲôأ
½ʵͳħ൱ѷħѪ̣Ӧ֪ɣԨ
šԯϣЩ񣬡Ѫ̵Ŀڱɲ̫áǺͳħսˣʵ൱˭Ҳκβ˭
ô֪Ѫ̵ĽͽػɱʱʲôĹ⾰Ԩʡ
һЩ岻ꡣԯüͷֻ˵ЩѪ̽ͽؿŪѪɺӡ
ԭҲ֪һ㡣ڣԨ˵³ǵĳ⣬Ѫ̵ĽͽȻáѪ󡯣ЩʧԻΪǵѪǰڿӡѪ󡯡
ѪΣ³ǻᱻ糺¶֣ڳˣ󷨵С
һɣģǾߡ
ǿߣλģ޳ħߣǵһļƷ
Ȼͥ龳ͨԴơ
ߣһ̺Ѫ龡֮󣬲ŻֵѪķˡ

Ԩϸأԯ͡Ѫ󡱵Ŀֲ֮
˵Ѫĸʱԯı飬ûɹ룬ԯɫء
ˣԯҲû
㡭
һӣԯһڣŷԼôļɬ
ҲʱףѪ̣ԵġѪ󡱣ѱֵ侲мɰգ϶³ǵ쳣ѪΪ
˾ųɰɡԨóʯͷԯǰڲȻָһλã˵ǽɽҶѪ˽⣬۾ڽɽɽɻƼأ¼Ƶʮа˾ΪѪ̡
˻һԯͻȻ΢΢ɫ
㣬뵽ʲôԨ
ǸÿһεȶĴսԯһ䣬ǰ³ǵĳڣҲǸصĳ⡣ˣȶĵص㣬ֵƼҽаš
ɵǣƼǱ߸ңѡսǽɽ
ԭŰɵһ̣Ŵ롣
ʵǣ̫ɺˡ
βѪΪζѪ˽⣬ҾͲ׷ˡԯܴϻۣ֪֮ʲôһϾֻңҪŬð³Ƕȹ˽٣



ڶʮ յ
⣬ɽ
Ĵ壬ÿٰһεȶΣɻƼѡַڴˡ
峿ɫ谵ӽյ̫ǲ֡
ⱻڳģɨĿտɽȣ̨
ĴԣкĵսϤ룬ɢžۼڸ
ÿһ̨ɼӲʯΪսá
Ԩںү貵ΣҪ
ԯǱߣ棬λԯյ٣ÿһλϢԶһ֪ǡ
𿴳Ůģǰ³ǣľ磬ʵǳһġܣҪûӦ΢Ϊ³ǣӦöΨһ΢
ۣᣬ̤뵽΢ԯпܣΪңռĵ۹
ûб˫ȣûеǰҲֻ
ԯľʣǴ硣
ԯңûô򵥡Ԩ˵
λħڵţǲԯԹϵǳڱڳ
ʧܣҲ΢ڵΪϵľ飬սʵ൱΢ڡ
Ҳˣնɱڵ飬Żǰɡ
ΪԯǿԯΪԯ֮ǰ³ǵĳ˽»λħţԨ֪Ѫ̵ĴںıʱҼͳյԭ
ˣ֮ǰǿҪȥˣν£
ʣǻƼҵŻҪȶʱɱңܲܡԨȻһЦ˫ַүӼʾſģ˵ˣԱ֤ҾڻƼСС
ı֤Ǻɡ
ԴյϢŻƼҪԨɱ֣Ͳ޳ԨսԨļ£ջӦˡ
ģȻ硣
үү㰲ҿ϶¡ԨȰ˵һ䣬ŤͷƳһ۹ù۪˵Ƕ𣿡
ҹ۪ͳ
۪üУϲɫȻãСӣһ֣ģ˵Ļͥȶ˭ҵĶ֣Ҷʤ
գĿ⣬Լҡ
˶ɽԶԣһӣվţƺĴȶ
ϪͬΪͥڣ˾ĵˡüͷ˵ԶܵܣƹԼûȤһҪǬ½Ӫû츳һ;ϣҪԶ
۪Ȼս⣬֪ǿ֣
ԼǱߣһλŮˮɫȹݣ󷽵أ۪һЦ˵ݰ̣ҪС彻֣鰡
Ѿͷǵú㣡۪ջģݺݵصһۣ˵㱻龳ٳٲͻƣ
ԨȻ࿴˼ۣԭܽ
ͬڰ³ǣֶĴ֮һݼҺԼҲǵжԹϵԼҳ꾭Ӫ̣ʱ
ԼҺݼңھˮˮܶ˱˴ʶ
۪ȻϵܽǰҲҿӻ൱Ȼ˽
ܽݴ硣
һأԼλͤͤŮһ˫ҫĿӣԨԺС߶ݴĵطݴĪ֡
һԯҡݼҺͻƼңԼڲкܶ˾
ԶΪĸףѾԼĬϵģһ
ܽԴӳ𣬾ͱѡУֲһ꣬Ǽпפġߡ
ԼҺˣΪܽԼδӵŦ
Լıһ£ԼڲҲ֪Լ˶ڹ
ΪĽδġߡܽԨ˸߿ǺǷѽ⡣

Ԩ⣬΢Ц˵ѾͷҲ۸ˣ̤ͥƫƫѹž磬Ҫ龳ĵһΪı𣿡
ܽһЦݴЦСңԵҪΪ御
˶Ǵˣ֪飬ô˵
˹գƼǱߣƱɫһܽһԨˣӦòʶŶ԰
ܽƱԨڣʵͬˡ
ĴҫĿλܽ
ССͣѵִ龳۷壬ֻһܿ뵽ͥʲôʣ
һͥޣµ۹Ľںڵƶ£˾ʵ
һѡ
ͬĻƱҲǱƼҼˣɻƱͨ۷壬ˣһ󾳽磡
ڻƱУԶ飬һ󼰵룡
ܽƫƫȶʱǸոɵԨмӣһһݴ磬̬ȶС
ƱˣζҲᶨ˻ɱԨľġ
ʱˡ
ʱ㽿ʺĳˣȻ䵽һ̨
һڣͷӶĴˣʱ̸ֹͣ
һĿ⣬̼䣬ϡ
ȻÿζһôҲ˵ˣǶԯߣͷϣһǰӦҲսˣϣٷʲô񡣡
ջǰһԨ
Ԩ΢ɲصͷ
ô㿪ʼ֮Уͨıȶԯһˣڸ̨Ӹµ˵Ĵ壬ÿһҵĲսߣˡȳǩҪĵļ壬ټǩҪٵĶ֡
Ĵ壬
Ϊԯֻ֮ҪѡԯҵĶ֣ʣµҲֻ໥սˡ
⣬ǰ³ǿߵϣ
ԼҡƼҺݼҵǩ衡쿺Զ͹Ͳڴ֮ԯϸָһǩͷһۣһЦԼҡ
ЦԶ
ӷ׷˶Զɥ̾Ϣǵù
ˣǻƼҺݼսɣʤļ֮󣬲ֵǡԯһνļƣӻ֣ʾ쿺ͻˣʤս̫ʱ䡣
Ҳǩˡֿ죬ٺһЦҶƱԨȺԨһս֪ɷ񣿡
Ƶأ쿡
⣬̫ϹذɣԶ졣
ɫһƼҲ̫Ȳˣ
ͬˡԯЦһֵԾԾԵĻƱָԨ˵ͨĵһսˡ
ŶˡԴƺȻʲôսȷʤҲ



ڶʮ 
֨£
͵ذľΣҪȻ𣬡˵ʲô
Ԩ֣ϣ˵үүĪҪż˵
ãȻŤͷȫ󣬡˵ģӦ㣬ᱣ֤ƽµģ
үү㲻ҪʣҲµģҡԨ˵

ƼҵĻ衣ȻҲסûɣ
ȷʤҲҪӦԼҪ
ƻǴ쿣ûƱŭԨԽϴ䣬յԨսġ
ΪΣɳԯ˵˳
ϹذϹءԯǱߣ棬ҡͷԯĿ⣬ǲ졣
˵һжҪϺصİ
ǩֱѡսѾΥˡ
㻹ָҪ
ֱǺְ
ͷۡ
Ĵˣԯָ̬ԨƱһսУҪǷ֮󣬶ը
˶ڴۡ
³ǵȶٰһδΣûһΣΰƣҶϷġ
԰꣡
ԯ̬ɢҲ֪ʲôطŪһľԲβֱ೤ǰ̬󷽣ȴŭ衣֪ǻƼҵ飬Ʊӣ֣֮ɴӦ
٣ȻӦ衹Ц׺Ŀ⣬ͻȻ쿣ϣʵ˵ûг˵飬Ҳ飡
֮սҪ˫ͬСԯ˵ͷ
ֻ֣ҪͷӦԨʤһƼһпɽδ棬ɹݼҡҪԨˣһսǻƼҷĲҪأ
ԨʤƼҸ棬Ԩ䣬ƼҲҪҩݵ档
⣬ֻҪԨ
ô˵ԯһЦ
ͬ⡣ľȻ

ڶݼˣý쿣ķ
ףô£ޱİ쿣ԨǲǺʹ̸ʲô
쿵ı֣̫ˣȻ𣬸ӲԨ
Ԩͷ
ˣʡ
үү㿴þˡԨֱ֣ϣᰴһ£˵Ҹûô
˵ţĿ֮£ԯȥ
еߣһۼ
λݼүڼˣ
ģͦݵģǻƱأ
ججʮ꣬ŸոѣҪˣҲͨǻƱ֣
ҿ쿾ǹģҪˣ쿾ȳΪݼҼ
үӵӣ֮Ȼв쿵ļλ
ıߣ쿴Ӧԯͻ衣Ǵ˽ģ뺦ԨԨڽвĵλ
Ԩ磬ۣ
ԼǱߣͻһöĹ
ԨȥʱͼܽЦţػ֣֪϶ӮģСûһЩء
˵Ԩ˵ͷ
;ʱһۣ˵һСġ
Ԩšһûкཻѯԯһսսһ̨
ŵԯ̧֣һĸ̨֪Ӻδͳһѹӣһྐྵӣһ˵ûི̫һˡ

ƱһԾǸ̨վ룬һȵԨǰڳǰ˵ʱȥ㵨Ҳ֮ͨսǲңĻ㣡
ǡϪ̧ͷۣһ»Ʊ㰵ҡͷ磬ܽǲʲôң
ûԶװɵ㶡
δ⣬Щ̫ݼɵСˡΣ͸ΰϪأܽǣϲǸɵСӰɣҲǵãнӴ
һμ档ֱ̯̬ܽͻȻһЦҶԨӡܺء
ӡãϪü棬۲Ԩ
ͻƱͬԨ˹أ̨ףķ̨
ʼգԨֵ쳣ƽ
Ʊƣ£Ӱ㣬ѹ
Ϫͫһ΢䣬Ź֣
ʲôˣԶȤ׷ʡ
ƱܻңߣսǿȲʤȯһϪüͷѹ˵Ԩ̫ƽ̫ˡƺУעҪһսʲô
ţǰϷѡԶعһ
ʲôϪʶգܵظоһѹָУ磬Ϊʲôںӱ㲻ʹ
ҵܵܣֱԶ˵ͷɡ
ôһ˵Ϫ飬ˡ

С۪СԨ°ɡ
ۿԨ̨үϰµأ۪׷ʡ
۪ʹͷӦûµġ
㣬С쿣ǲʲôңеɻԽԽˡ
ˣҲСԨŪһİš۪
һ
ˣȥˡ۪ˡ
̾Ϣ

룡
Ԩ̨еվȣȻĿ⣬ŻƱסģǱˣ㸸ףүү
ƼǱߣһλݰͰ͵ͷ
ͷۣһʼֱڣûн
Ƽҵһоߣ˶ӻ衣ԼǶ⡣
һƱЦһǳɵĹֲûα
ϻˣҵȺܾˡŹӵĳˣͷشߴ٣ʱܽ𵢸ˡ
һ仰ǶԨ˵ģֻûмˡ



ڶʮ һս
ƱлӭԨʱȭ
ı۰򣬷ɫƣһļӲС
Ԩ̧֣ĵֵ
أ
صȻײ
ԨһŤŵš˼پĻʹۣؽڣС
Ʊûгʤ׷ͣס俴ʹ𣿡
Ԩ
ϵս
ҵһսҪ
ͨ΢ľ硣ڴ˾磬ߵĻͥδҲܽѪ⡢อһһĥ
⣬ͨҲ޷ɢݳȥ
ȷˣͨߣֻǾͣͨľ֮ּΪǿ׳
ƱʮͨٶȣҪ߳һء
еġڽȻֻһֵͽͨҲСǿܱ߼άܸ
ͬΪͨԨʮͨƱʮ̤龳
ϵʵƱȵ
ɡԨȻ
ûתҫ֡ڡдҩЧظӦĺͼؽڵУҩ£˲١

̨£衷ȣȻڻƱʱ̵أʾ⡣
ƱһٿԨʱɱȻӿԲˣ
Ԩۣٴʱɫ浭Įɡ
ԯֱһӶ촽ϸϸ׽
ɢڸ̨ܱߵģĴˣһ̣Īؾѹ֣ԤеѪһĻ
Ϫ̧ͷŹգ΢΢ü

Ʊţһȭ
ȭֻСۣȻýӲӣƤµĽɫһ׶бĸо
ͨƼҵڽ޵˵زҲһĿջأٴιעսϪŴ˿̵ĻƱ˵ͷۡ
ֻǿϧˡԶ̾
ɡ
ֶͬΣӭӵԨȻӲ
ʵŵֱۣûܿƤ⼡ΨԼ֪۰УһѤ⣬貲ʺţ
ڽǵͽ׵ѡ
ǣһĻȣ磬ȫսվڽ۷ߣ̵ʶ٣
ƱĽɫȭͷ㣬ȻʱԨģͻоŸţ
գԨģȻҫ
ҫ֣
Ԩȡ
ôһеĹߣֻٿҫ
䣡
һ̣Ʊǽɫȭͷġ
ɫȭͷӴƵǣͻήеĽƹ类̼û
Ʊ֮ȭԨģ߬ס
ȻԨ
ڴʱ־ظӦԨģ䶯
ڽɫȭͷ֮еһ붼ûסȻɢ
ʧȥ֧֣ȭͷʱâû
ҡҪ֣͹㱳ļ壬ָʹǸˡԨһϧأҡҡͷ
꣡
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үү
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ء
ƱȻأôˡ
Ԩ֣˼
˲ķԯӽ
ʱһվڸ̨ϣŻ衣ŻƼҵүӻƷ֣֮ǵͷͬġôǻƼˣҪڲɣ
ֱڽսĺܶˣȻʲô
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ԨӭӻƱһƣͻȻҫľŵʲô
⣬Ҫ˻ƱģǻʢǶѵǣ
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һ˫ͫΪɫˣˣǲӦøһ
ԯСѪĳƺţѪӡҲеģľѪӻۺϵ޽ɡ
ѪӡΪһöҲǼġ
ǰʹͺѪԵϵԯССá
һöѪӡԷԨڣˣɱԼǶĳޣ
ɱҶƱģԨɣ
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ڳܶ˵
ƼҵУһֱݼң˽֪
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ԯִԯңٵǰ³ǵĳʱԻƼҲǹмӣ˫ƺûбҳͻ
ΪΣ
ΪԯһöѪӡķԨڣȶʱɱƱ
һֱŽصôѵף
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ңҡ貽η֣ŵģ˵ȫ
֪۪㵣Ҳǣ죬ôˣֻǱԨһЩ飬̬ܱ䵽󣬻ᵼʲô
ү簡һͬİ磬ȸԾֻ벻֪ƵϾƱ촩·ѿˣñ

ƼǱߣȡ



ڶʮ ˺
ɫɳϸ꣬ӻƼһ
ͷ죬غѽ
ݣ
ҧŭȣ㻹ҪҪ
۪һ䣬ۿɫɳ䣬æӶ

һ⣬ڻս
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ƼǱߣΪݵĸߴߣһɫƤڼƷ֮Ҳⲽ
ǱݼҶ
Ƽ֮Ʒԯʦܻݣǳݼҡ
ˣ
ԨѴӸ̨£Ĭأվԡ
үǱߣ쿳
貣۪ˣԴ
Ԩ΢Цûµġ
ŵ飬֪ϸڵ쿣һŵģȻˡ
ǰֶձֵŹ֣ء
ȴҲãԨĴڣĺܶ⣬ѲҪԼڼϡ
Ԩڰֵ
ǻƼңô磡ү貣ֱ£ƼˣǱҪ췴ҪԨأ
ԯңԼҺܶˣ㵣ƺ̫״
ƼңѵҪԯңư³ǵİ
Ȼ˺
ɽɫĻţΪģǻƼҵˣԾǲУ
һۼڽɽģĻƼˣҲ鲻ơ
Ƽң췴ΪƱˣڶݵľ㵺ͻرɫʶϣ
ԯԯҳĬԣڿȰĿ󣬲̵ۣ˵ƼҪĻôȥˡ
ҵҪݼң˭ܵңݺȵ
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ͻһΡӰƤ㣬ھʧݼǰֳ
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ݻȻͣס͵ðĴӣջ˵ƼҺݼҵľףԼʲôϵ
ԼǱߵϪŤͷѯʣѾͷǸɶ
ܸɶȻǰݼңԨܽ
ΪʲôϪɫŹ֣Ԩ޽ԼҪȢɣ
С壬ǹ²ܽЦţݴ޵ĻԼûнء
ǣԼƾʲôȥݼңϪߣ۪ŵʣУǰô£
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ڴ˿̣˲׵أȽڻƼͷϣƷ㻹ʲô˵
ԻƼҵμԯһĻƷֱѾþˡ
ǻƼһأ
ƷŭЦصģǳɣҪΪǰ³ǵĳͿΪһƼȴԲ裡
Ҿ㣬Ƽˣԯúȥֱ˺ˣҲô³ǣҾʹԯ֮ҪڽգƼҡ
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ܶƼˣأŻƷֵܣĿѯʣô죿
ҪݼҶֵĻݣͻȻԶԼңҲͷ̧ۣͷգ鷳ޱȣʱ䣬ûеıȶͨĵһսŸոս
ˣŪ⾿ô£Ʒĸ꣬ۿƲɫδ䣬ҲܼǻƼҾʲôҪԯҺԼ֣ǴӰ³ǳ
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Ʒ衣ݵĺݶĿ⣬Ǽ䣬Ԩϡ
С
Ļ衣Ҳû飬һƵ⣬
ƷһԲͻȻͶסԯ
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ˣҲԥǰ
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ͬʱɽͻȻضɽҡ
ɽвٶѨ籡ֲѪɫ
ѪɫʺȾϣգʹɫ糺죬ѹܡ
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ƼңˣҪѪϴ³ǣԯɫһȷԨжϣûκεĴ
ԻƼңҲٲһ˿롣
һʺĽŵ貶Ŀ


һʯŻ衵ľٶѵض
ڵʯ飬ڵ㣬Ԩ
Ȼʯ飬ͻΪ̶Х
أ
߿нʯ͵ر飬ʯڲеεѪ糤۾㣬ԯȥ
εѪ解Ө͸ֲܡ
Ԩ
һǰӿЩĽʯ顣
衵Ŀ꣬ҡԨ侲ҵĹֻһӰˡлƼ֮ƷҪɱ



ڶʮ ҾǸ⣡
ԯǻƼҵҪĿ꣡
ԯҲǻƼ֪ģ³Ψһ΢
ߣʵȨӰԼҡݼҵľߣһԨһöѪӡɱĻƱ
ȻҪ
ͨԨѶ
ңûб˼ңﰡ
Ľʯ쿵ĺ£Ϊʯм׷ɣԨȻһЦ󲮣ʱݼҷ԰ȫԯҺԼңǻƼҪȲġǡ̫˰
Ƽ֮ƷΪ
ܻܵݣڣ
ƼҵڶĻ衣ᣬȻҲڣֱ׷׻Ʒ
Ƽңλ
ǿʵȻٽݼҵһ£ЩѹƵݼ̧ͷȻҲеġ
Զԯڵĸֻ̨Ʒ衸ӣȻûǣϿ˵
ȥݼǱߣԻΪ׵ĻƼˣʼԶԯΧ¡
Ƽңûоȥݼҷѡ
ƼңҲʮ꣬ͻȻġɫݡ衣ڼ䣬뵽ġƷҲڴڼ䣬ڣ뵽ڡһУү˫۶ϣ֮󡣡
Ԩһ£ͻȻүүȣ˵ǻƼֵģ
쿵ͷү֮ǰľ磬ҲڣͻƷ൱ʱݼҵʵȻƼֻǿͬȾ£үӱȻƷӦǿһ㡣Ƽ붯ˣү͵Ϯ֣ү˾أ
ˡԨһ䣬ӦѪˡûϵʮǰƼҾͱѪ̹ƻˡ
Ѫ̣쿺Ȼ½˵еǸѪ̣
Ԩͷ
쿺Ѫɫ

ŶʺԯĽŵ׷ɳͷ
һεΣ觰Ѫ飬ըѵĽʯڽ俪ԯʱŶʺ顣

Ѫ飬ֻɺѪ
ɺѪʣƮȻ䡣
ǰ磬ɽȵ񷣬ȴ糺ɫ
һɿֲѪȵѹɽڵˣڡ
Ѫ󣡡
Ԩɫ𽥱óأüͷҲȻ𣬡̫ԾλħڵţӦڳķԸ£ƻ⼸ǰ죬Ѫûܷá
ˣ
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ԯŽҲֳʹ֮ɫ⣬ƵƵǻŷλ
ѪŷѪ֮΢ΣݰͰ͵ĻƷڻƱʬڵ̨ǣӶ
꣡
ĶɽеĴأƹâ˺ѣһʯ
ڵµĽʯڰըѣиѪ飬һѪԯȥ
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˿ƼѲֺܶ꣬Ϊ˽죡
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ȳ£ԯҡԼҡݼҵʿ˲䡣
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ݴ硣
ԼҵܽϪͬ£˴󲿶ӣͻȻԨԡ
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ͥڵϪӻͥڵ쿺棬˶ۼԨܱߡ
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ң仰˵󣬷·ΪӦԯҵԯӻ֣ԯҵĶ飬Ҳ߶
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ԯվڸ̨֫ŤȻһ衣
ӲӵĺȼյĴ㣬ײƷ衸ӡ
䣡䣡
Ʒ衸Ѫ쭣ĵʮס
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ѣȻǰԲѡԯЦ͵Ŀ⣬ԶԶһԨ˵ΪѪңʧء
쿴˵Ԩ㲻˵ûĻ˵Ѿʧر𣿡
Ϫܽ棬Ҳ
Ƕע⵽ԯˡ
񣬰˵ܷܲѪ֮ѪӰ죬Ԩйϵ
ˣôˡԨɫָָԼıӣ˵ңǸ⡣



ڶʮ һ
̨֮ϣԯˣǣŶ衣
ž
ʯΪʯң䡣
νķѪ֮ûȴûӰ졣
ͻȻһ磬ӷѪַ֮ΧɳȻڻƷ衸ǰʯء
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Ѫ̣
ƼңѪ̣
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ʼʱԯԨ˵Ѫ̣ǻûӦ
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ԯһδεظȻȷˡ
ƼҹģѪ̣
ǣҲΪγԯҪƻأһרûƼҿҪƼҵļơ
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νˣȻԶѪ̣
֪
ϪɵأԨͻȻܽѾͷҲ֪
Ԩܽһۣͬʱͷ
üңٿȻһͻǾȡ
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ǰݼܱߴ䣬Ԩðȷ³д
ʱ˵ԨΣ
ڶգԨӲķʽҪȥݼԯ
ܾ֮ڣϧսԼ
գֵ̫澪ԯ
ѵ˵
أĹؼ硪ԨȷֻƼҺѪıǸˣ
СӣôģٿԨʱ鶼ˡ
㣬л˵Ԩ̲أһοѣЩԽԽáʵ࣬鷳ĽʵûôҪ
غѪֹĻƷ衣ôһ˵ݶĿ⣬˹
Ԩʼ磬һνʲôϾˡ
ˣԺ󲻻㹹вԯһЦǾѣ˱ʻƷϸڵͷ
Էҹζ࣬ɱ˵

ػԵģʣгѪһһ䣬ŻƷ衶ȥ
ÿһȼźӲӻ棬̺ޱȿֲܡ
ǣ̷Ѫ̵ūͣҲܶģ
ͻмĹХ˶Ĥ˺Ѷ
Хܶླ΢ߣòͷŶ䡣
䣡
ɽĶѨʯɡ
һ߾߱龡ѪɰͰ͵ʬ壬Ҳ
糺ĻصѪƣȻѹ
ԯģƬѪ֮һγһѪɫʴ
һѪɫʴԯͻƷ衸м֡
ȻѪɫʴ糤ް㣬ĳץסʼһѪ
ѪɫʴţɽĴƮѶԻƷ衸ӹв
ƷҲ̵վڲѪգɫӣ̵ԯԨϡ
ԨЦһѪ󣬲óɹġ
λħڵţķӣ³ĽǼصص׵ŦƻѪ಼õѪ󣬾ͲܳΡ
ûѪλҪѪ̽ͽ޿ܳɹ
ѪɫʴԯƿصĶͻȻת
ݣ
һѪɫʺ磬ʴЩΧݵԯҡԼˡ
ۣۣ
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ѪɫʴٿشԶǰ룬ͻȻԨ
СӣϻǶడ
Ѫ̵λʹߣƾ



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ԯʱ䣬Ҳָ
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ԯﵽ΢ͨʶĸ֪ܴķλ˶С
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ԨԲסˣѾߵҿܹ˲ϡԯ룬ͺȻ˾֮已̥С֮ȻҪ뿪ٳ˪׺ɡ
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ү
һߣѾ߰磬֫ŤԨ
·һ峿ͭ裬ԨϤǰ㡣
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ʦֵԼɹԨԯܵʹ࣬ĥѣҲ᳢һ顣ʧܣ壬Ϊػꡣ磬Ϊ΢ƬѪɫݱ

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㿴Σ



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ڲʳѪڰӰˡ
ô죿
ܽͰ͵ѯʣſǻ



ʮ 趫
һߵе⡣
Դ½ͼ½󲿷ֵţƲһ
ԭڣһǡˡ̷
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أھԶޱǿʢ
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ܶʱ嶼ˣЧˡ
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ֲڵģһͷ꣬ʳѪţ꣬ɢݶ΢ԨţСôɫѪߣľ磬ٳδ龳š
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ԨƣأʱҩңŻ𾧵ĻҽŹ£̫Ѩ
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үүˣ˵ݼⷿʯԪ鵤㹻һκˡЩ߿ЪЪˣüˡ
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ռҵˣѴӰ³뿪˵ûʲôԯңԼǱߣڷʵ
һʱһġԨ˵ЩԪ鵤ƾԯҺԼңȫġռҲģᰲ̲飬֪Ԫ鵤Ǵݼȥ
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֪㵣ʲôԨ˵ͷϣܾӳռҶϤʱ䡣ңҲץ㣬ҵµĽ֮
ռңԲҩϣвǣĺ͸
µ۹ҩռϸѿء
ⷽռҶſߣ³
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λǱռҵҩʦֻ·ѡ
ҪôҪôΪռҵһӡ

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ڳԯĸۡԨܽݷƷƣԯҡԼҡݼҵӵܣֱ۪Ϫţ͵
׼ԯԴ£ȥμǳʼģ۹һʢᡣ
СԨ硣
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ףЩù۪ʯһöԪ鵤ԨĳģȻĳݵģҪԨ׽׽
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Ԩ磬ӦҵүүģҲҪӦҵġܽҲ廰ЦеؿӦ
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ԨĹܽЦ֮ǳ۹ʢᣬҾ㡣
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˴ԯͣһ£˵Сǣҳʹ˵³ǡ



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һͨûеִṳ֮̂·½أΣ
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Ȼ˽أҲᱻµ۹ѳ֣Ϊ۹˵ĥµص㡣
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ǳصĶ飬һУ嶼ɢ
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أԨҲϰˣҲߴߴûû˵ãʱвˣԨӦ
ϵܣǾͲҪֿ˰ɣԯ
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ԼҡԯҵЩСĽϣǵģӰ۷׷ס
Ԩôһ㷴Ӧûԯ
˶ھֻ̾𽣬ĽʱֻԨΪӣûǵĻ
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ǸϵܡԯЩ˼Ҳˣǵо͵ˡǵģʱı㻹ûϴɽǣԲҲ
ԯһۣĵǴ
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۾ĴתѰƽ֮
ԯԾȣ»
վڿ񱩽Ϭϵı뺷꣬һߺȣջع
ߣϵջأԨ
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쵰
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Ī֣ļ񱩽ϬĳҲֵܵ
ԨܲҪأɴ棬ֻ޳ܵأסĺ󱳣Ǽƣֱӽˡ
ԯ˽ʱ̣û취
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ԯ΢Ϊһ˲ϢԶ
쵰
ԯû취һָһͷ˳ȥ
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ӲĴأͷ񱩽Ϭһʯ
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ԯոҵ»üͷλֵܣҲԯˣ
ϣŲεıġ
Ů˱ʲôˣ
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ԨԨ³ǵݼҡ»ֹţͻ۾һɫù޵δ򣿡
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ԨͷɫϬţʧȥӰ˳ǣʱ·һ㡣
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أҲѵʯ顣
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ԨֻһۣжЩʯϵķģԭģһַ
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³ǵЩߣʱߺ裬һ룬ˣҪʱ꣬תԸ
˵ߺƾʲôͷ棿
ԯС͡
Ԩ˵ͷôһ˵ҲˡǶ³ǵļһָҪСǣϷҶԸǡ
ţĻҲûԯ
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ģٳڣٺǸ룬Զ䡣
Ϊǰͷ֪Ŀ֮ŲԸգԸΪǿ֮Ƭͷ˺
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ԨȻɵ϶ֽ׶Σ˺ͷս
ܽʵʤǰλ³ǵͬˣ³Ǻߣһս֮
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ܽһ£ʱӦæĻǸϽߣ
Ԩüһ
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ߺɫܽʲôҲҺǳң
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أ룬µܡ
ʢȴԨ̾һ
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Һһȥܽ֡
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ԶԶһ۶ĸߺ裬ѹҲЩˣУлᣬҽѵǡ
㣬ٻᡣ
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ߣ翴ˡ



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ˣеĲأҲŰա
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ۣ
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׻ˮĻУûпʲôر֪֮λϽΪͻȻôһ䡣
ԨƾͻˡϽЦ˵
龳ˣЩȣе˳Ծͨ۷壬˳ͻƾ磬Ҳֵ˵ɣ
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˵ҲˡϽΪпұΪ̻ǿ֮ƬϵģһεͼеĻԵ
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Ϊֳ޷ͨ׻ˮĻ͸ţЩڵĽ꣬漫󡣡
˵ţϽƺһΣԨȤ
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֣ҲЩͼ֮ǰɷŹ⣬ûˡ
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ԨվмʯףĵЦ⣬ڴ˵ɹңҴƿ
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Ԩо㵣ϻЦݣȥˡ
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룡



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Ԩʹ˵
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ԨȻûѡ
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ԳʹΪۣڼţšһӡ

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죬ԨעҪ

ˡ
شϽһ˵⻵Сӣȷһ֡ԨʱĽԼڣ͵Ԩڡ
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Ͻпϵ⡣
ҲʾͬͷţҲϲǣҾ硢ʵλ൱ҵĵˣҶͷۣҪҹ


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ס³һѪ
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ԨںȻΪϤУ



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ԶһʯͷܽԯˣҲС
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³Щڵĵطһƺˡûһ飬޷׻ˮĻǱߵĶ򡣡
ڴһָңң׻ˮĻ
׻ˮĻֳĻ棬ϵ𶯣ȴʼղܹǰֵĻ涨һεسǰ
ǰܹӻУ³ǵһˣɢһڻܱߣа
ó淵ʱѾ
Ͷ϶һģһö飬Ȼ⡣
ܹ֮ͨ׻ˮĻƬų½ӳնΪǽ˷ÿһӶÿһ֮Ƭܷһöö顣
飬һֻֻ۾ܹܱһڵĳ棬֡
⣬Ҳһý顣
ؼʱ̣λϽܽ׻ˮĻ飬Լ־ݡ
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һö⣬ֻҪľͺáϽأɹ̫˵Щ飬ֲǶôȹ̵ڶ飬мöԶһҲ֡
ҲƵ鷢
ֻһöĻҪУ󿴿
˵ЩСһǸоں׼ȷλġԣҲȥƻ顣
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ལâӡڱ۰
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Ҿۼڵ£ϣĳ֣ʵԺɱ˵Ļղһ˵ߣ϶Ҫɱӵ׵ļߣϾ˶ࡣߣֻһλҪѡĻȻҲ¿ӵס
ǷֿӲͬʯݣʣȻʹĶˣ𣿡ղջ
ıģԨԼĸоģΪıȡ·ҲƵѡ
˵Һθɣ
ǵܻȡҵҴ棬Ϊʲôȥ
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ղߣ˵Ҳ緮ˣ
㣬»ƺ治⡣ԨŲܣ᲻̼ҪĹĻҲڣһеôǱˡ
仰Ԩ㲻ٶȻӿ졣
û̫ãͺ͸ߴԯݷƷƻϡ
û°ɣԨʡ
û°ǶͦõġݷƷڶڣ̽ͷ̽ԣôϼҵ˹У֮ǰǲйս̫Զˣǿ˴һЩš
ķλӵ̫ԶѲɼ
йֵļһ»ɱˣصġԨ˼䣬ʯʯӱ𴦺󣬲ŷղԼѡ𴦣Ҫ̫ӽ
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ǰңʾãҲҪķҪܴԨУЩƾոо
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СȻһ䡣
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һҲǲ³ǵˣڽؿʱվڷܰࡣ



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ղһ£˵ֹǣҡϼҺռңбĳǳߣ档
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ڲһˡ
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Ԩ֪ˣŰ³ǵȴ粻ѣʲôģҵԴһӲղ򺫻۱ԹǴǣڲʱŰ³ǵ˶ݣ
۲ӻ
ղһ˵Ԩǵģ˵ĻûŰ
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뿪ѵԨ翴Ű׳գôãҲʧôã۹ûж˵ʲô
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ؿڵͽѾˡ



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ǣԴֻܽܣܰ³ǡ³Ǻ³ǵ뿪

κ
ϵ֤ܰԼľ׼жϺͶҪԣ»δޣѡղһߣһ߷ɧ壬ڹؼʱ̣
ǵУǳصߣһɢɳֵһᡣ
ǿҲֵߣ˼С
ȴãһЩ棬δǿĹ㡣

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һԣ죬ֻԨȣ˵Ԩļֵ
ԨϾֻ龳ڵΪ
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Ȼ䣬һ֣Ԩȫ͸Ŀ¸У·Ԩܶϸ΢
֪ΪԨͨۼͻһö񵤣Եʡ
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ĿɬֻԨֵԽڣң裬Խ
ܾã˿ңĿ⣬⣬ŲļЦ
ħûлɢ֮ԼҴ룬ΪҲܿأħҵµĿܼޣһκˣµħһοħٴγ֣ӽ
һ㣬ħһֱڱǿ󡣡
ħ֣ȼзܰʱҪֲࡣԨʱ򣬲֪״̬Ρ
˵ôһζѾϣնɱħΣԨϡ
Ԩָĳ̶ȣڽڣܷȥ
û뵽ҵȨɲңԨҵķ룬ԳЦЦҡͷ˵ǿЦ
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ȻȥԨҲȥ˷ܰһ룬ֻױӻ
ħĿ꣬Ԩһⲻ
ķ룬ڶУƺڴˡ
ȻûϵȻ䣬Ϊʸ֮ġ
´ˣħ֣Ҷ߾ȫϽ̬
ңħʱ뵽һȻ˵´ΣԨִһǰ
δҪҵȻ΢Ц˵
һδľһܾˡ



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ȻǺҹžĿҰҴߣץʱС
ÿһˣһʯ
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ԯݷƷƵȰ³ǵͬ飬ȻҲ˵УҲ
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ȴԾԱΪֻ֣ƺѪ⣬Ҳһ˲Сơ
ϸ룬յһɽ⣬ʮ
ܰѪ⣬һСļǱ˺ɷ顣
һǵĻͣҲܼ
Ԩ룬ͻȻʶǵçƵϵĽ⣬뵽ͥ򿪣ܴתԺ󣬶Ȼǿ
˽⣬ʵ壬Ի飬гǿɱ
ǣҵǱֽ֣ͻ϶Ϊһնɱ죿
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һϤڶ
Ԩֹͣ˼룬أ򱳺
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Ԩٴζģܽղ󣬾Ȼϵδޡ
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ħ뿪ǻҵµ壬ٴϣ㹻ģŻ³֡
ԨԺ󣬺飬һһʮؽһ顣
գżһ⡣
ԨۣȻ˵ɡ
ʮǲװɵ㶣ʵһֱúõģ޵ȻˣװɵҪңҪѿñ˾ã޵δǸɵӣ
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جʮ꣬һܸı䰵³ǵľƣõԯΣ
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ݼңͻȻĪһ֪ǲҩʦ۶ϵ˫ϥѾָ
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װɵˣǿѹŭ𣬡ǰͱֳ˲ܺǣңңôԴ㣬ôԴݼң
ǸС㣬ҿϵĳ٣ʧˡԨһӻҪרĻָħʱԣ㲻Ҫ
˵ţͱۣᡣ
˫϶ԨݼҾǹǲԼɣȻԨװɵұ˻顣
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ʱ߹űĿԨĽޣ˵ǿǣҲһö񵤣ݴԸٶȣĵľ񲹳䡣
Ԩ͵ۣ֣Ǿȴ֮ˡ
л˴ҵӦõġ棬̬ȺܳϿңСǻ߳½أȥԺһ游ף֪³ʱطƫ
ңʵûʲôޣֻǴһЩˡ
ݴ磬ԷģЩССᣬһƴã
˵ţӨӨС֣㽫ö񵤷Ԩġ
ķ꣬ȻվץǱµ飬һ仰û˵ֱ뿪
ôˣҪңѽ
˰ɣҿֻҴ鷳ԨƲƲ죬ȻؼʱҲסɱϾ񵤡
˵˭鷳תŭĿ
ЩΣ㣬û˼ֻǾҪͬ飬ݴҪ񵤣ԡ
ϣδԶ㣡
ŶԨǸһЦתȥ
ԨıӰ˼أЦ
һߣŭյޣǲᡣ
װûŭ⣬װ֪ռŮоҪҪ



ھʮ սս
ѾͷαطҪң
ճΪ֮һѯʡ
ռһߵУһֻǻͥڣԺ󼸺̫ɾ͡
ֻܹΪϳأڱ𴦰ﵽ
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ʱָ񾲣Ҳ˹ǺУЦݣ¶һֳľߣǴˡ
ճüһ㲻ıʲôɣ
ҪӺݼҵĹϵɫᶨˣԨҪڽأʲô䡣ˣ߳أǾҪԴݼҵĹϵ
ոգճ
ԨȥĶޡʼ磬ͳһö񵤣޲ʹ죬˶ѡ
ޣϾϵδޡҺͨˣδûعںõĿܡճ
ԣҪϾֿܡ˵
ճȻѾͷῴ˰ɣ
ǵǡҡͷֻǾãԨڵ۹ȻһҺռңͲ·һֱ볬ԽǡǰǶݼԣҲΪ޵ĻԼ
ǵģǻԼ棬ݼͶҵĻ
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һħسĬˡ
ðΣĵҵȷˡĵ۹˵ʵҲá
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˵ʱûиݣûʮİաԨҲָֻоڽصĳڣŴգֲ
ǸĸоûʧղЦ



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̤ĽؿڣԽǽӽԨеĲԽء
Ƿ񵤣ٴξˣҲӡڱ۰Ľ⣬ĸо
֮ñе۹ǿפصڣ񷴶Σء
΢΢üûκݣ
ţ˵ĸоԨ
ңҲʱԽԽţӦǽؿڵķ˵ָоԽ˼İöʱңӦǿĻ鲨ؿڣȻǿ飬Ҳǵ۹֮ˡ
㣬ȻҲƸо档
ͷ
ˣһ仰׷ױɫ
ԨԨоޱϿߣҲղ󡢺ۡܽˡ
ߣֻⷽҪס
Ԩ˵˸оΣգǻĴԥҲ˱̬ǶЩˡ
ǸΣδ»ű˿ڸոս裬ʱЩ٣Ȼں֮ܶأȴھ޴֡Щ֣ǵߣԽ
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ǰԯҲ˵½ص֮Ԩˣ򵥻ͼǽصģ
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ң֮Ƭʱ򣬽ر˺ѣγ
½أʵһ飬ڻԭ֮ء
Ӹ߿ոֽᷢǶԭؽֻмλûжϲ㣬ͻԭӡ
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ڣǽغ֮һͨµ۹
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£ڱβϢ΢߶ӲԻħ
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ܶ˶ʶأղ󡢺ۡܽԨ»ˣҲתƵԨϡ
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ʲôõĽ뷨
ĬΣͻȻҲԨǿдȥڽأ
ڽأ취ɵħԨ𸴣зܰħȷʵǿٴʱȻ¡Ƚ϶ԣһǾħöԸһ㡣ؿǱߣҵĸоá
ûпܣҵݵħܽʡ
ѽݵħˣҵµļߣӦҲѸٻָ۷塣ۿڣҪǷΪڽѲҳɱͰȫˣ
ѲħеļӦáٴοԨն꣬Ҫ㡣ԣ״̬Σ
СɷħԨڶҪղУʵ
Ԩôִһ
ȷҵħһᾡܿĻָսԨֿ죬΢Ц˵һģǾˣλУ񵤹ЧƵĵ裬ϣܹ׳
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ǰ룬Ƿҵԣǵ趼ûѣղԨǳζͶһӣȰ˵Соó
ĵЦɥΣ̯֣СûС
ҵļҵףҲ̫˰ɣѹ֣ѹֻĩˡղ棬ǳζȥ죬ͱղҸȡˡ
ղҪ̺ʵҲû취
ඣҲ㣬ǡԨһתδޣôأǺڳϵδͽܻһЩɣ
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û֪ˣһȺǡղЦԨô࣬ôأֲ¡Щģ˱ӻӦóѣȻƾʲôնɱħ
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ɡе㽩ղԽ˵Խ֣ܶԲˣԲԨҹɣʱӦްħ´֣̫һͳһö񵤸߼ĵ裬ָ
㿴Σ
Ԩͷа
ղм仰뵥Ԩ̸Ǳ߹ղԨǰɣ
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ղ󣬲ԨԶȺ
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ħǬ½У۹ͼ壬ҲʲôƫԨȻҪڡ
ħĻҲ̫󡣡ͻȻ˵ö㣬ǵģǡ
ԨЩ㵣㣬ȥ
ֻһۣɫ΢䣬裬ǿĵģ
ö裬״࣬ʵɫʣ͸Ũҵģ쳣ȶѪ
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һԴѪĿȻԨڱĺЩ١
Ԫ̥֮Էëϸ̰أȥЩήɢݵģǻ𻨺͹˿
ģϸ̩Ϣʡ
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Ԩֻ֣·һöĳĻ

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ͷտһԨ
ңȤζʡ
ڽ֮⣬治ġԨȻһЦħûнǰҶġԽˣԽġ
ͷһؾ룬˵ͷȼҲö˵Ϊ˵裬ǣܶ߰顣أöΪԼ׼ģã͡
龳ҪѪ
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Լеĵ裬óԨҲǺˡ
֪Լ׼ġԨֿ죬ģһﾡáտһһɲָ
٣öһɣҿ뵽龳ڡ
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о仰û˵ԵޱȵġɷħöͬԵҵ̶ȵķӳơ
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һӣѪ̸ָ
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ʱأɫ˿롣
ĽУ𽥱͸󣬷âҲ
ԺȻ𣬲ؿԨô죿
ˣڵ򣬽ħŪԨ



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ڣԶһӡ
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ԣһλ½ŮĵĹâһȦȦš
ɫâ߰㣬͸Ѫ֮
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żˣһߣһǱߣĿġ
ͣ
ٿȻҫȻԶȥ
Ԩˣһȣȥ
ԨСӣ˹Ŀ࿴ղһԨԶȥˣɵظ̾龳ڣһδǺҲûٶȡ
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ڳģѪļͣҲֻܽᲢۡ
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һʯһشػɫӰ޹
ɫӰһʯʯѵĲƬڷ룬лᦵƬк֧Ĳлꡣ

ԨˣɫĮ߳ʵ
ҡͷֻһЩла
ȥƺЧʲ̫߰ղ򦣬˵ʲôǵķ紵ݶᵽΪơҲƣֻħ
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ǿƿصġ򡱣εʱԤˡ
ʼʱҶٴУȫע˺ħѪս׼
Ȼ󣬻ᷢ֡򡱴˽ӴģưڵĲл꣬Ǳݻڵа飬ûеȴҸϵͱ򡱸ûˡ
ǿš򡱳һ㣬ûκαı仯˵ûĲла飬ԺԲơ
һδεģ򡱴ҵģǴС飬˿Ҫˡ
о磬δִܵ΢ѺͼЧͨҲЩΣһԿ϶ֻҪħڸܾܲ׼ضλ
ʱûʲôð취̾Ϣһ˵ǲܹڶʱҵħħпָܻ۷塣ʱͲˡ
ˣһطʯУսħƴһ»ƣΪĴûлָ˼򣬻ûбİ취
ҡͷûС
Ŷ»ЩʧԨڴ˵أħпƵİ취ûʲôֶΣԲ׽ǣǸ¶
նԡԨ



һ ħ
žĿҰԨ˻Х
ҵ磬ķ籩һš
վ
ɷħ
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ҹ㡣ЦݿɬңǬ½ȥԪˡΪ˵۹Ѿܴȥ㣿
ߣעҪߵġҺ㲻ͬмʹУб뾡񡣡ܲԕF΢΢һЦҹ¼ҹһ
۵ס
½Ǳߣرעעڼ䣬ñµ۹ͻܲԕF飬Щսļ壬ҪúõȰ侲侲
ػָƽôô
أ۹ҲǿߣͶԷƺýصľơҲ֪ʧأѹĶ׷Ժ󣬽ʲô󶯵
ܲԕFȰ˵
ʦԣԵǡ۵˵ͷЩʦÿһν飬֤˼ֵŹʦ˵ϸԼǼ壬ҪǱ£
һ£ٴʵҪͻƣ
ˡܲԕF
̾Ϣ
ףܲԕFƾ֮Ҳ뿪Ǭ½ʱˡ
Сʶս꣬ǾҲֿѡ
̫̫಻ᡣ

ڲ
Ԩһδֱ۵ȣļ¸Уһӿͷ
գ»Щȥʼûһ
˵أسڲԶǸ·գִܵڡ
ҪԨ˵ǰȥӳ۹ڣ£һ꣬пܡ
Ͼգ˭Ҳ֪
Ԩ˵оǸڣΣɽѵûΣ
ǵľ磬Խȥһˣȥ۹ľڣҲǴðˡ
Ҷδ֪գΪҪԶҪȥһߣ
ȥڻû۲ݡ
ԨȻ
һߣʶأͿ϶ʡ
ҲٵǵĽߣԼĽԨۣת˵ҾˣҪǰ۹ǸسڡǣֻҪҪҪһˡ
ⷬ£ن£˷򣬿粽ߡ
ҵХıӰ˾Ͱһ˶ۣͲκӰ졣
³ߣܽԯݷƷƣĬĬʰţæϡ
ղһЦ׷Щˣһۣ˵Ȼ϶Ҫȥһ㣬˵ջ񡣡
һˣҲ仰ѡԨѡһͬС
أˡ



һ ǰŽ
ҺͬУ
ϼҵ»һЦҲ뿴ʲôħѣ۹򽫸棬˭֪᲻ʲô䣬ڽ
˵ţӻ֣Ԩ
һӣѾȬ۷״̬
ָоͻƣӦþڽڡ
ԣ쳣Ϊңڵߣء
»ѾǣڽѰһأƾʽ̤
һʱദս»ԨȫʶԽԽãĽڣԨһܴʡ
ڳˣָս
ľԺܶ˶ԣǵ߸Եġ
ǣҲͬС
ռҵɫ񾲣ӯӯһЦŤͷޣ㣬أңѡڣص۹Ǽһ㣿
һԥ
ûħвȻˣ̤Ľؿڣص۹
ڡ
˭Ҳ֪ǿħǱںδһͻȻðǣ
Ŷˡ
ʱԨͻȻͣסͷˣ˵ʵǲصħλǿħҸоħѾȷţҲҪĿꡣǸ˵䲻ĻħǵӰ֡
˻һɫЩ졣
ǿԸλԨ棬ڽʱõһЩǶܿħҲħƴҪҡԣһģٷְٻٴħҷֵˣħǡ
Ե棿۾һ
վԶһʱգʹҸ롣
ΪѾо˶żڰԶ
֮ԺƤΪһԶȺ壬ΪħĶ󣬶û򡱣ûնɱħ
˿̣Ԩôһ˵ħһֻɱԨ֮ǰһսǿħͻȻתĿꡭ
ħҪĿ꣬ħֻᾡһеֶΣɱҡԨٴα̬뿪ңܱܿħԽԶħĿԣͻԽ͡
Ǻá˵ͷԨ֣ǡ
һ䣬һǰµ۹Ľؿڶȥ޷ˡ
ǵһͬѡˡ
ޡ
õԨ±֤ޣҲǣȥʱڡ
ˡ͡΢Цţ˵ףǣһ·˳磬ƽƽ
ޣˣнԶ
ûˣѡ뿪
ľʣµģЩǳص˵Ҫ
۹ǱߣҲʲôҲã쳣һ£˵ҺԨһ
ӭԨǰߺȡ
޵ȥԣһɡ
նԵķ룬ڴ󲿶ӵУһӰڲŽᡣ
ޣҵˣһֱԵЩȺԺ鷳Ҳָϣ侮ʯ
ԨǲԤУղǰƤЦ˵ɣʵ˵ǲԤУ
ֻǾãǽʲô쳣ΣҲ˵Ԩص
֮ĺܳһʱ䣬˶ڿҰ·ָ롣
˹εģԽصĵΣλһЩӶʲôȻ
ûԨûԨõǵϽְ꣬ϸ䡣
ħٳû
֣ԨڼСɷħڼ䣬ҹҹޣ񱩡ҵһϴѪ⡣
ޱزأĹͷҲӲ̫̫ࡣ
龳ڣǴǣѪ̥ǵĹؼڴ˾磬ʯļ̻Ժ档
պϼҵ»һк󣬳ɹ̤
ˣħĿֲѹϿĻȻҲڷ׷ƾ
ˣӻͥڣ뵽ڡ
ˣ龳ִﵽͥ
ѹֲˣôƴУ໥֮䣬еľϡ
Թʱ̣һָ㡣
ڷȥʣҴɵĶ飬ħвǰŽᡣ
磬Ԫ鵤ˡ
ݷƷҹ˼أԨԣ˵Ҳƾˣ龳ڣҪԪ鵤Ҵء
Ԫ鵤𣿡ԱߵͻȻ廰
Ԩɻȥ
Ӿ״̬ݷƷƣݳöҩռƵԪ鵤龳УѸٻָ
ݷƷȵԨԨͷżæлС㡣
ηģΪţ֪ĸףռһεļ
ݼҺռദСռҰŹݼҽӴˣֺ
óöԪ鵤ҷȡκβǰ붼ġ
ÿǴ̫࣬Ԫ鵤ѣҳݡڰ֣Ԩԣԥһ£˵ԯҺԼҵԪ鵤ôһ£



һ 
ռңܹµ۹λȻ̵ľǵҩ
ҩռĹؼռҵĸ
ֽסԯҺԼҳдԪ鵤һ£ռͨԼϢѾ֤ʵЩ裬Ǵݼ
ݼԪ鵤ζʲô
£ԭѹﲻ˵뿪أص۹Ժ顣
˽½أħѣ۹ܳ٣£ľ˾޴󲨶
̲סˡ
Ԫ鵤Ǵݼٴѯʡ
Ԩֱ磬Įۿ
ǰһ̫֮
ÿÿԨ鲻ԽǰǸ͡ŮӣҲΪռҽ֮Ǻ֮ġ
Ȼͬһˡ
ڣȻʼ׷Ԫ鵤һ£е㴥Ԩˡ
ռռ۹ĸݼȾָһ£ռȷˣݼҿ»ᱻռҲһе
Ҳ˵ЩʲôԨ̬ȣЩƣռҪݼңûûҩʦƺҲռ޹ذɣ
Щɬˡ
᣿
˵ݼƵ裬ʵǿԺġͣͬˣ۹ֻ羿ôһҲ֪ռңҲһƽȹ˽١
£ռҲο½أܷ߳Ƕ֪
ռ̬ȳϿңЩº͹ȣԨ
ָʲôԨ㶣ָ뿪أڽأ
ѽȻЦһġݣϾкܶ࣬൤ҩռҲһЩȱģԶ辫տҩʦݼңкҩʦǿԺġ

Ԩ򦣬һռǱߣ
ҶҸ׵ӰһЩġ΢΢ͦأüҶһ˿֮Ҳռңݼҽ˵ǳֱһ㣬ԸԨԨɺǣ
ŶԨͷˡܻ뿪أ˵㸸ףҪԼһ棬ú̸̸лìܵķȻϴݼҶ򣬳вˣҪǸ
ԣ
Ц̧֣ԨҪƵ̬
Ԩ£Ըڰջơ
ž
һΪЦأԲаɣҾͲˡ
ȥ
ռڵأЩҴռˣȵĿ
˵Ԩ˽أҸ׼һ棬ú̸̸ҵ顣΢ЦţЩ˵
Ԩʸ㸸ףֱӶԻ𣿡ռ˵
ʲôݵλʲôΪ
һռҵļ岻ѡ񾳵Ϊ
龳ڣڰ³Ǹո¶ͷǵԨԻȶҵˣ
ǻûס̾һԨĽעԻͣ뿪أԺղ»ֿѡ£ռҪѹݼңѹءݼңԨڰ³ǣڵ۹ĿռҾͶһĳС
αأ
ǣˣ׼ݼһݻóһ棬ǽѺùϵ
裬Ǽ˽е
ҸЩ۵㣬һͬԨа취ռҳǰĵ˵

һǰĽ롣
һҴߣû;ûȥ̽ЩӾ޶
Уڸ·Ҳδħ
ҹûΪǵ룬иҵơ
ǰһƬء
ָԶһߵͲȵʯЩʯǰһսӴץ˳ȥ֡
˵ʯγһƬʯ֣ԽȥǱ漰򡣡
ҲǣνĽˡ
ԨϸЩʯߵʮףСļףС߶ȶһ
ܶʯϣԵĽۣսĺۼ
ӴӣץʯһƬ˹ʯ֡
ʯ֣֪һս÷񾳣ǻξ֮䣬Ȼ֮ƬܱˣֱɴŪ
ǰʣ̫羰ˡԨģһҪúֲҪ̽½ء
߰ɡߺһȻС
ϡ
ʱػȻʣҲʽ̤룬½صĸء
ڵһʱ䣬һˡ
Сã

󸣬ͬһʱ侪Уòš
ǣȻţ棬ûЩħ𣿡
ˣǾôˡʱһԨ



һһʮ 
۹Ů󸣬¸أâ
ڽأĻǿħѹƣҲ¹ԣһ·ۣŵִߡ
֮ǿħʧ١
ԻָģҪðջͷȴѾܷʱƬʯ֡
δ֪磬½صƬǿи
һߣͼԽʱȻһ֣ҪĿֲС
δִ񾳣һ룬ֲⷽأ³Ȼá
οһħȺ
ͨЩʱյ˼һҲ뵽Ǹ˵ҹħѣ۹桭
ħЩСػдϣ
ħ׷ģ˰

Ϣ󸣬纮ȻԨϣɵ
Ԩδ𻰣˶ڵͷ
ѾԣȻֶܿ˵٣ħߣǵڽؿڣЩֵݼСү
ûڷܰλħٴȷϡ
ˡһ˴𻰣ܰѪ壬Ԩ˺飬λǿħǧɫ㣬ûˡ
һ󸿴ԨĿ⣬졣
λҶǶ֣Ҷȵģⷽءľʧˣ㲻龳Ϊǡ
ף
龳ڵ㣬˼Ͳеʲô
տѵִ΢ܶ΢ʶϸ΢֮
УʶĸӦ£ԨѪǣǧͿӲӣɢʯ˹
อŨҵѪţÿһεǿ
ǣ龳ڵߣӵеġ
񣬴ûпκ龳ߣܹǴ˷˼ĵز
ˣ˵Ԩ龳Ϊƾʲô˺ѷܰ;ͱ˻⡣
еģǳħǼΪԵǿħ

ħҲûôſֲġͬӦħߣֲûղе񣬿ղ龳ѪǿȣҲԶԨ
Ԩϣء
ֶˣͻȻĬ
ڳˣΨ꾫Ԩܾһ쳣
Ԩװ֪ȻʱĴεţʯ֡
ף
Ƭʱʯ֣УȻƲ
ɻ󾪲ʱȻģתʱķλȥҪȷƬʯ֣ʵڵġ

紩Խһ㣬۲ɼˮĻǼ䣬ֻصƬʯ֡
һ糣ûκα仯
ʯ֣ȻڣǹһƬ
󸡢еߣͻȻԼΪķƼҪʲô
УܽһԾͼ
ܽնĽײһǽϣ͵طȥ
ܽƨɣأĪ
֮ܽ»ղ󣬲аأҲҪӽҲʲôţ׷׵ȥ
أȻͼһն
ɫޱ䣬æֹ򲻿ɺ
ȻԨע⵽Ǳߵ˶ԵЩߣƲܿʲô
Ԩǰһأ̤һء
ٿȻ顣
Ԩ
Ԩ˰
Ϊʲôܹȥǹȥ
·һ㿴ǽڣ޷Խƴᷴ
һ˾ըģ
Ԩٿ棬ȻҲƲƬʯֻ֣ããģŰصӿ
˲ȫ˹
ڷܰħû׷ɱףֻǱҵߣӦ˵λħҲͬزȥƺʲôҲĿꡣ
ҡԨ
ʲô𾪡
ҪҵˣҪģҡԨ϶𸴣ǿҪɱ㣬Ҫ̫ྫ̫òֵãûбҪԣֻǱ㵽㲻ܷ
Ȼ㼯оҵңնɱҡ
ԨԼĲ²⡣
Ϊʲô㣿ѯʡ
Ԩ΢΢һЦûش𣬶˵ҡ
Ƿ⣬λӦûǻ֡ˣеħҹ
Ƭأüͷ˵ǲ֪ûµħ
֪ΪΣִ˵غûȫĸо
ãһĽأŸδ֪
ͻȻǰС
۰򣬽ȸڸָ
ܱжҪĨɱ



һһʮһ  ն꣡
¸ء
Ԩħ㱵أǰ롣
ˣԹؿԡ
û̫á
ԨһӶʯףȻ䡣
ղˣĬظ棬Ҳûгѯʡ
Щһ̳ƣָָԨֱۣʾУŹ֡
ᡣ
ڰʱԨǿӶұ룬һССĶѨ
˶Ѩˡ
Ѩʯڣ⻬ûκ쳣ûκͼҲûκص
ȻԨһ̤룬ǹ⻬ʯڣҫ
⻬ʯڣȻоֳų֪ĻӰ
ӰᵽϢƴأҪǱ
ɹ⻬ʯڣƱԨ۰ȽâӲ¶㣬аյ
аĻ飡
һڴ΢Ϊ󸣬絶է
ǻ飬нұڣϢǳаҵʶֻ֪ǣļ²·ǲʱĲ֪н˶ꡣ
һ˽ԺȻɫ
Ԩһֻ֣ұڡ

۰罣ұ綹˲û롣
çƵϵĽ⣬ǹ⻬ұڣȻ
⣬ұڵСأ⻯ɭɭâݺύұڵл飬޴Σ޴ӡ
ˣܿЩųĻ飬Ǳ֫㣬˺顣
ܿ죬⻬ұڣͻָԭ״
Ԩֻ֣Ǵˮ̳ұϻ˲
ֵһǰЩʶ㱵ʱȫѣǰұڣǰΪüͷ
ӡڱ۰Ľâ̺Ľ̤꣬Ƭغ仯
ʶ֪·𶼵õǿ
ǵ⣬縺ʹ壬۰Ϊնɱ͸ѹڴ˵а顣
ʧȥĽ֮꣬ΪǰĽ꣬ѹҵ꣬ҵǣʧˡԨѸ֪
ط֣ȽռʹɱУƣд
꣬Ϊֵ˴󲿷ѹ
£ԻӽնΡ
ǰǿħһ֮󣬱ʲѡ
㣬ΪҺã
Ԩ׹ɫһ䣬кȵҵǺʶֻҲϣʶͷ֮ϣϣףǸ
ǽ꣬ܲףܲҪ̬ȡ
꣬ħܰ¦ǣǲ
ǿôһԺûпܣ֮£꣬ǽ
һˣԨһ亹
Ҳڴ˿̣ʾ˱һԾһ磬ԨڶѨվոյһ㲻ԾһӵģĹ־ƺˡԨ˵
־һȡĽ꣬·𱾾½ءԨûΪý飬Ϊɱұڷа顣
Щħȷ
ħԨһ£˵һ֣ħҪϵĻ顣ǻҵĸоҲ֮ꡣ
룬ٴ˵ָо½أǱŸƵĻ顣ǰδ֣δҵӦڰҹ൱
󸺧Ȼ˵ҹħľѣһ¼Щ֣Ϊޱ䷢
ҸоԨ
󸻹֪µ۹ڣаУӦӲϾ
ԨǷ²⣬ʶ½ڿ䡣
ţܴħѣȻĹ͡ԨɨɨĿ⽥һ㣬ڽҲҪ㡣
ȥ۹ɡԨ
ʲô󸾪ȡ
ȥ۹Ϊǰ۹·ߣȷġԨͻȻ÷ǳţһã½صⳡϯ۹۹Эһƽⳡޱ䡣
㣬ģ
ġ
ȷһ̤۹ᱻԷɱ
ᣡ
ã
ССʯڣԨˣѸٵؽһ¡
֪ΪΣ󸽥һָо
ǰ³ݼҵСүһ൱ܹڹؼʱ̣סƣŤתƵļһ

Ԩڽʱʱأֱ۶ȡ
꣬·֪⣬ûǰ㣬ԼʶһС
ÿÿԨͨԤڶѨĳĳص׷϶ĳЩͼ֮УᵽаĴڣȻһն֮
ÿλӽԨƣͷۻ
ûлԹ
ԨףһδεĻӽһδεĻָ꣬꣬Ծ˵ٶǿ
ԼӽЧʻͣĴȴġ
龳ǵĴĥնɱ飬ϴӡⳡ֮ã·ϣؼһսΪҵĽι̵Ļ



һһʮ ؽ
ԨǴɺã
죬ҵȻѰֹһվǿ˿ڡ
Զһ⣬ڿҰ
Хҹգĸ֪ȻԨĶԻ
οǰĶ䣬ƻ˶
һ΢Ҳһѩ磬ܱ߮
Ԩսһ֣ɷħУϢܿһЩѪʲô
ɳƶ˵ΪУһ⡣
Զղ»ˣĬУһһƴƺҪٶȣսóΪ
ҵԨһ㲻ġ
ʱ˿̵ԨٲȻΪⳡ;ĹؼֻҪû⣬ȥıԨ
ģȫ⡣
Ǹ
һڣе㲻˼·Υԡ
ʶأһ󸡣

Įĵ󸣬ֶ֪Ƥѱ¶Լδ˵óڣ֮£ֻ˹˵Ԩնɱа࣬ǻ顣Щ飬ʹڷ״̬Ѳ
ȻأԨ
м򣬴û顣󸲻ڣа࣬ҷ𣬵Ȼû⡣дĻܹɣпܷʵķԾ
۾Ȼ
ȻףöǺģ߱
򡱽Ҫģû顣
ֻҪûʵģлǴڵ֮Сһ㣬ܱ
ûĻԽ࣬ɱϣԽ
ⷽصĽأ䣬а긡ֳ
õϿɵԨնħߣ縺ţаһһɱΡ
ԨЩаĻɢûгܽ򡱣ۼл꣬áȥס
ΣԨܸӦĿԽԽǿҡ
֪Ӧôڽ׵ĹؼԲеؿ顣
˵ֱ̫ݣЩла׵𣿡Ԩɢǣִеڶ׶ΣԼû
ͷּæģҲæֻҪôǳȥұ
Ԩӽ̫ݣҲļ󡣡æȰ˵ƿҲһֶԽĥ¡ɢɢܿ
ԨۣЦˡ
µ۹Ͼǣ
㲻вҰɣԨһ㶡
ȻǡҡͷֻҪ˻ųȥȻǵ۹ô˵Ҫ㣬ӦҪҵꡣ
ԴϻۣȴϲŪЩں󣬾Ͳôˡ
еڴ˵̫⡣
ΪԨһ£˵ֻΪ
һӦˣ
ǲҴӦһˡԨ˵ͷԺҪҪرԺ˵ɡ
һá
ͫһ˿ʣȴûж˵ʲô
պ
½һޱȵľ޿ڣһСȵ֮ʯһ߾ʧȥѪĤĺǡ
еĹͷһ壬ɻеĹͷʮףͷʵɫɫһǷ˵ޡ
ޣҲ½̽ҲߣѪս
ӣ鲼սĺۼжϽƬ
ӦҲʲô
ԨϰԵأǰ棬վڱشŲľ޿ӣ˵ڹϵ﷢ҵĶս˲˰

ղһХųȥ
ܿվһ˶ιǺ£̧ͷţһ⼣߰߾ݽͷ­ľ󣬺ȵλ˽ֱѪᣡ
ĺ᣿΢΢ɫȷ
ǳȷղ𰸣ͻȻǾĹǺ¾¡
ϵģͷƱѪ䣬ȻýӲӣҪĳεأƻ
䣡
¹£ĳƺȻƵĺ
ղƺһӲӵͼڣͻȻϨˡ
Ԩ۰ӡĵ㽣â̵̲סʹղƬأпֲ󷨷գ
ȵʹУڴߴԨҪӽȥնɱղ
ƣûʱ̣ӳһ
󺡹µղҲŭ֮ƺһ³һѪ
ͼڴ˲ѪڲǱѪָ
˭ܿղΪȻˡ
㣬ող㣿ԨĶвΪǰԨϱĽ⣬Ƭأ˺Ӧϡ
·ֻҪԨӽϷƺήһɷ֮
ֱɱղ
ղԨзǳͬһˣȻԨһӽعղµ
ѹ֣أǰ۹󸶼˵⻰ʱЩɬ



һһʮ սַ
ղһҪ˵ӡ
ͨϵͼȥͨңԶʵĽ񣬵õ
ĺᣬȻأҪٴιͨ
뽫ڴ˵飬ĺʬǣһһ֪

ǿҲƬصķ֮ƺ⣬־ܴ͸Ʋ㣬ٵϵͼڡ
־ٽⷽأȻȻ˵ִ
־ֱӴɢ
Ϊͨý˶ܴ
ֲǣոԨһȣǱصĳɱУһ飬ܵͷĸо
ãûзʱ֡
ҲڣԨûгӳһ
Ȼ
̫ðʧˡ
Ԩһӵղԣõ괫ߣңǱˣǰˡ
ղɥ֪վ
꣡
Ҳڴ˿̣һͷĺǣĺըѡ
ټһߺǣڶ̶ʱڣ㻯һͷ
ͷأըΪһصĽɫǷۡ
ǰѿޱȵľݽʱҲķѣΪһؽطͭ
ͷֱѪᡭղһźдһܹӺڣ㶫ҵʵӦþܱǡ
ԶʱʴӻĴĥûʲôŶ޳ȣЩɫǷۣⲽԨǰһץ
һؽؾݽƬġ
ϸԸӦһ˵ǵȽ׺ܸߵҲܲסǧؿϢĳϴ
ա
һݽƬѣøΪ飬ָڣ˵ϡ
Ԩ֣ѾˡĮԴղʱûжҪľһ㣬ͱͷԡ
ղ˿̣Ҳ£ڨЦ˵Ҳˡ
ʱ»۵ˣҲ½½¡
һ߾壬޵ĲͬǣɢƬлС֮ƬǶ档
Ԩղް㰵моȥͨ۰ڵĽꡣ
ֱУ㽣âȻȡ
һ޺ǣȻҫ
ޣǰӦһ־ʮףͷŭӲ񷡣
ͷǣƱĳ־޴ˣͷǰݡ
һɿֲͷǣֱѪ⡣
Ԩܿ޺ǵҫӾͷǵ£Լɼһʯ
ҫģһ
۰ڽâȵģҲһʯĹ
ÿһ
Ȼݣ˽󣬡ͷһŷһ͸룬Ѫ飬Ǵ𡣡
ûȫͷ޵Ĳл꣬ǵסԨһۣ㳯ǵȻ֡
ͻ
Կ
ԨźͨŽ꣬Ա۰ΪУңңȥ
âһ̵ֱۣպ
ݣ
رҡӿٿطۣһɺ
ײҫͻȻͻ
̬޺ǣһǽ壬ȻΪķ۳
ҫ˵У羧ӨԲ壬ͻȻѡ
࣬ȭͷСģĵĻӰƴҪѡ
ЩӰϸȥһͷͷС㣬ɢбɱѪȵĶζ
л꣬ͷųζˣɼǰࡣ
죡ȡ
ڣȻɳųɵĹĻЩС̬Ĳл꣬һһס
Ȼ󣬾ͼһͷͷС㣬类˿߲ţ
һš
ٿڲƼ΢СֻβָָͷС㣬ײȴѸٱС
˿˿Ƶ̣ЩСɢЩСĻ飬ڱ

л
һץǿż·ڣӦһ߳أȻڽԨ顣
˵˵ԨЦ
»ˣ˵ĶԻǰϣȻ׹Ԩ֮䣬ĳĬԼ
ݼңϵĻ治ܵˡռˣİпࡣ
ԨʾãЩ
ƾʲô죬ԼԨƾʲôռҪݼңȥ׵棿
ССݼң龳Ԩ
۹һĿ£ԨԼҸ˳ŵŷص۹ö㰡
»ϼңղղңкۣټ
˭ݼ֣Ҫúõǲܵºͱ
㣬΢ʶһδξаɣԨͻȻ䣬Ц󸣬˵
ڵ۹Ѫȶ󸣬ãȻȴѡ档
Сӣ«ʲôҩ



һһʮ ͸
βԨƬս֮ء
һ߾庡ǡ
Ԩͣסվڶ庡֮УЩʬˣǰ񾳣ϵΪ
Ϣ絶󸣬ļ£͸ŨѪζ
üͷ⣿
㣬Ϊ磬˵΢ڣнΪĻԨ̤һʬꡱһǺǵĹͷˣˣ
ȥĳӦл𾴣
˵λȥĳǵѻаأԨ˳ǣ˵ȡĽ꣬ߺǣܵС
ڽأаꣿɫ
һ²⡣Ԩ룬ⷽأֻ½ء֮أħֻ֮һ
Щǣģ޵ģһЩ˺ǣֻħ֮⣬ϵаħͬѹš
ڣڽָ£شɱһЩа
ЩС
һЩаĸ֪Уǿ
͸Ϣֲףⷽޱ
֮ԣ׵Ĩɱаǧķѱĥ˻ܣ
ˣŽٽǱУɱ
аû;ƿݣȻ۷״̬ûпܣа˺ġ
㵽˵ʲô󸲻
ƬأӦ÷ţħµĶаԨһҲ֪ںδӦûţ΢ڣûڴˣȥǿнף
ʲô
Ȼһ𣬡񾳵ĽףɶϷ̤Ҫ׼Ҫ˱ӻҪϣ
ƬҡĽأУôʺĽס
Ӧѡȫĵطиǿ߻ġҩһһŪףŻðȥס
ڣ
ڱ𴦣Ұﲻ㡣Ԩ࣬ûһҪЦ˼ⷽأһ֮⣬ػɱʵкܶ෽ġҪĻҪ׼Һֶܰæ
ⷬ˵꣬Ԩ;
ûһ㻶ϲ裬㣬֪Щʲô
еѪ޹أףҲҪ׼ԨٺһЦʵѴﵽĻۡٳûиƾǣΪ׼Ļʱûҵɣ
仰һɱ䡣
һʱ˸Ӧ͵ؿ
û£ļ䣬ġԨߺȣۣ˿ηأ󸣬Ӧýʶⷽأʵܸ޴вġԣ㲻ҪԶ֡
󸣬ͻȻ𲻾ǰղԨϵĳ
ĵһ̧ͷƲ㣬ƾƲ㣬ӿ׷ܱԨǣɱн顣
һˣȫ侲ôģ
ħǬ½ģǽɷ
Ѫǰ㣬ԵػΪҪ׼ĻطǴˡ
˵ˣĻ飬ɾԼ񣬻ᱻħߺ߲ݡ
Ϊٳٲҹƾһ⣬һ棬ȻҲĻ顣
ôģ㲻ҪܡԨ˵Ҫһҡ㣬ΨһʱͻƵ񾳽ߡ
ɫȻ
Ƭأڷ״̬֪̽Ԩ΢ЦŸ飬ɱǣΪáѵã񾳵Ľףûбѵĵط𣿡
˻һˡ
ڽأص۹ȥ񣬺ױ¶
Ԩ˵öԣпⷽͻƣˣ˭ܿߣ
ܰң
ܰ㣬ɹˣɾΪˣҪڽأڷص۹ǰҪұֹ̬ȵһ¡Ԩ
Ҫģ
ô˵Ҳֻڻص۹ǰΣ
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һ̸ʧܣնɱЩۻһҲɱ㡣
ⷬԨ˵赭дȻӡ
ȴһ
ڣĬȻţѿ̫ΣԨĿޱأһشرƵĻ飬Ļɢ
ֵȻľеļ¡
³ݼҵСүأ׶쳣Ļ飬ǰ̬Ĩɱ
Ҳɹɱңٴȷϡ
ʧܵʮа˾ڽأܱɱĶԨʼ磬ĻȻǰ˵óɹȻͱˡ
㲻ӺҰɣ
ԨһЦԩ޳һҪûݺ㡣
ǺãҴӦ㣡ҧгݵص



һһʮ ƽ𺡹
¹ˮ
Ƭ֮Ƭɢʯ֣վһˡΪߣǱǿħģλ½Ů
ͫĵģӨ͸Ƕۿ
һ߱ķܰ϶ȸߣҲʹԺսʱܱǿ
¹⣬ǧ˿Ƶıߣһ£㱻ɡ
㣬ܶ΢ߣһۿƤµĹһؽصģһɫ塣
ӲӨųâ
ͷֳ״ζʱ䣬ĴѵһΪµǿȡ
ţٴԨԨһλӳ֮ǰһʯǿ̵Ѫ壬Ӳ
ѪɣֻҪ飬ְܱ˾ųս
԰˾ųɵսնɱҲ޷ӽԨһС練ơ
ˡ
ڳ˼ʱλ׷ߣʯֵĺ󷽣˵ڣͲһϤˡ
һλ׷ߣĵǧǰƬؾǽǣλӽӹնڴˣΪ˲ȫѹǡ̤һǾпܻǣǰ;δ
صġǿħӣ͸˷ܵĹâѹǣǵİǺǣûʵʵĳͻǣվҪġ
񷣬һֲȱ廳׷Źȥ
ˣ֪ڹǷҴ档ħһ壬νħУƵһļ԰ÿÿΪߣ֮ء
԰ƣ˲ܳ⣬˶
ӿֳԹޣҪûء
ⷽأƱҪƿЩǧа飬
ĳаܱߵĺ磬Ӧ
Ǭ½˼½Դ½Ļʯ½Ϳ̿½ںܳʱ䶼Ҳµͽ
Ϊ˹ΪȥˣҪ½Ѫɺӣ໺Ұ
Խʯ֣̤
ˣಽβ档
˽ʧ

»ˣǾ޴ӶڻţѰŻԵ
ܽõһö׾塣
ö壬ԶأԸ߾߶ԣʵ;
ϾЩ̽ߣ½Щ˶ֶͨ죬񾳡ξߣȱȽǡ
˵صһö壬Ҳûʲôֵ
ɶܽ˵öڲȻһϢƲɢͨѪһϢڣ档
㣬ߣࡣ
Ҵߣȫһ󶼾Ȥ
һǣʯ֪Ӻδ
С̤̤ĳؽŲһҸߵʯ˶ɫ䡣
Уж
ԯ͵شӾվʯϽͷȥ

һҵأˡ
˿̣ڳ˵עߣ
Ԩ۾һȻ˵ļһһСϣҽ𴦡
ûд𻰣΢ѯʡ
Ԩͷػ飬ȱȴʺ㡣
۾
ԯʲôղȵ
һ߻ƽ𺡹ǣεģԯµ
﷽䣬˱㿴һߣ׸ߵκǡ
˺ƽͨӲӣͷ­üĴĳж
ǿյͷ­ڣȴһذ磬һһģвȼա
磬͸쳣ԵϢҲڲٿŻƽ𺡹ǣʯĳһ˳
Ǵػ磿龪䣬飿
磬ƻȼգ͸ϢȴǱ䡣
һ㾫ٴɡԨţ˵ˣǰǿߣֻϧжԺ񵱼ĨɱҲ˺ѡһƾûȥ
ϧһ񾫻Ȼѹʯĳ
䣬ƺһ񾫻Уһµʹѣܵع塣
Ԩأ飬ԼɫȻŹˡ
Դű۰ڣϢѯʣҵģ
ûӦ۰Ĺͷȴ
㣡
Ԩһǻƽ𺡹ǣһذ硣
綸ȻҴܣ
ƽ𺡹ᵽеϢͻȻԨƺ֪ɱԨؾĻǣ
㣬



һһʮ Ӣ
е׼ʱԵĺۼ
»ЩСļ壬Ҳδܽܣ޵а
˶ӣԨѰ֮ء
֪Ȼ档
ں󷽣»һ䣬ҪСĽ㡣
ȻҲԨ
ǾƽĺǣˣֻǴԨ
ͷ­Уһذ磬ҡҷ
ɫ꣬Żƽ𺡹ǵ߶ڵء
ʯӲĴأǽɫ̴꣬ĴָСĶס
е޿ݹǣմȾǵɫ꣬һ촷ۡ
»ˣˣæԶǾ߻ƼҺǡ
һ񡭡
ղңֿ죬͵͹Ц
񾳵ǿߣǬ½Ϊλ½̽ȴʬڴ˵ʮа˾ųԴ½ͼ½
һ񣬱廹٣
üͷ­ߣǸΪǿ
񺡹ǣ˶꣬αǽĶҪͣ
һذ磬һ񾫻ĴڣһУ˰Σղڷһʵ
΢ɲһ񾫻صأƽ𺡹ǡ
ƶеĻƽ𺡹ǣĽɫֻ꣬ɶѡ
˵һĺǣһ񾫻Ĺ壬ٴξӿϴӹ
ûţ񺡹ǣԽԽǿ
ųһ̶ȣѪֵĿܡ
󾳽ߣͨ£پۣȻǴԣ
ղȻңʼԨᶨغһȻͿ񣬶˵ء
ǿߣδǰȥģǳο
񣬺ǣ񣡡Ŀҡ

Ԩһ·ɴܣӲ߳ӶҰ
󣬾ͷ塣
֪Ǿ߻ƽ𺡹Ϊһ񾫻ĹոտʼǺҪܳʱ䣬Ǿ߻ƽ𺡹ǵ鶯ԣܴﵽ׷ĵز
ԣһ㲻ġ
ĵģԺ
񺡹ǣһƾ̤֮·
һƾ꣬һߺǣλǰ񾳵ǿߣҪָ۷壬ؿҪ
֮ûбĶӰϣ
ֻһλѡ
᲻㣬䣬Ѳлߣ
ǽ֪˵ع죬ɼŵǿߣǼпܳ䣬Ϊа飬ݱߣȥΣ
ҪƽʧصĽأ򣬲۹Ǭ½ִܳң
Ӻһվ
ңΪҰܶӶڵʯǿߵļս֮ɢڵرẮΪı㡣
ڵıң羵Ӱ㡣
ˣһֱû£ͣסһҲڱסɻ

ԵЩ֣һıң
һʼеķӦòӢɣԨ䲻أôһ䣬ʱתӢģ
ȻɫСãеģӢ
ɫ䣬ȿԨôܿôף
оӢԨ
Сãʡ
սףһ׺ɱĵ۹Ůԥһᣬͳ۹ս꣬һΣұϾҵĽ춼ˡңҲ۹Χˡ
ӢܾӿսĻ飬׼ķʽһʼճӯ
ΪʤΪ˻ȥұ㳢ţȥӢ
Уϣʹ
תӢãҾͷ·𿴵ҲսĽʿдƬսĲлǣƱȼңǻѡ
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ɬ
ԹѡͬĲд׼Ļ׳󣬱սһ۹Щ֮ʿ֪ĺѽܡ
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ΪӢΪ˾Ĵɱ¾ÿλʤ᲻˵оͶȫɱɾ
սҲ⣬սӢԽ࣬Խǿ
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ӢֳھĺۣǱλǿնɱ
ǽǿߣҲͬشع齣ں󣬾ʹ˳š
ڣԴ½ţʩѹ۹ӢΪа񷨾۹С
ӢҲճɻҽ
󸲻֪ǵӢھʱ͵͵УѴ΢ڡ
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µ۹ܱǣ
֪Ӣʱ˾壬ĵ׵ĸо
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ˣ׼ɡ
䣬һӲӵ񺡹ǣӳ
Ԩ̧֣ңңָ



һһʮ 
Ԩ۰ǽڣâһſǳҫ
ųޱȶĿĻâ
ɫ䡣
УԨֵ̧һֹǱ۰˶Ź
ĸܣΪ̺֡
ãԨٿһ̧֣·һλݺĴɣƾս٣ĽҪⷽأɱаħ顣
ƺȻҲڷ绯ǧ˻Хء
صĴ⣬㣬ڵصȥ
Ԩֻ֣ӡڱ۹ǵĽ꣬·ִأеԿ׺Ŧ

ŨͻȻӲӵ񺡹Ƕ
ž
ϸɫ磬ǾߺǵĹͷڣ
˲֪꣬վãûôϴӵĻƽ𺡹ǣͻȻ䣬ķѡ
Ϊһǡ
Žɫȥǵɫ󣬻Ұס
һ˿ʺ졣
δأѳ촷ۣɢɾ
Ψкͷ­غըΪһؽɫ⡣
ǰƾ˵һذ磬ҲܵᵽΣȻ롣
٣
ԨЦһȻֻɢģһƾȻĻ͸ڿҵһǱ
ѣ
ȣ۰У߰˸âȻâӣΪһƽ⡣
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ţҪİ磬ͻȻѡ
磬Ϊһ㰵â
׼ŵ˼꣡
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ɵĹĻˮ㰵âû
ڴ˿̡
Ȼ˲Ϣ䣬ЩɵĹĻ¡
ͷǵķһԴʶ֯һһ۲ɼ
һȡ
׼ջؼǾö׭Ρ
ͷģʶ֯ǽһ㰵âһһס
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㰵âʶǣٴλۣںһ
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˵ÿһֽڣӦţڤڤĳֹǸո۵Ļ飬Ȼȼա
ȼʱ⣬ͷĻܣꡣ
ǵػꡣ
Ԩ羫տԿϵʶڣػΪһھϽžˮ
ˮ׼λһƾ꣬Ļ
˿˿ƣͬ۲̣ݶ
УλĲʣ֮ⷽݱԹ޺ͷ
ڡӢ׼֮󣬱޳⡣

ţ׼λһƲл󸣬һʼ֪Уһ
ţҿ
Ԩ֪֪ôһľ꣬񣬡Уһʱ
У
ȻΪѡԨȻһЦ˵Щң
ң
ԣ
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УһɫЯ̺ɽİԵƣײһҡ
¡¡
ұıС⡢⵽䡣
УһƱ⣬·ŶʶĵضصףҪû롣

һУҪȴԱߵ󸣬һػ꣡
ͷʶ绯ء
̹ǵĴأꡱ죬ȻͼһƱ⣬Ǳʲôסˣͷ
мԨ꣬ܲ׽һ
Ϊҵļ򣬶Щ⣬һĻ飿
ңǣϢԨȻһЦ˵УļĵȽףʱߡ
ǻƽ𺡹ǹʱ۰ĽâȸС
һȷţӨӨĻ飬ұڱΣСϢ
֪еıӨ飬Ӧöһˡ
ˣĻɢеĻɢڴˣȴûأЩҡ
ûз䣬˵Ļ㱻һ˿û
ڣħľѣɶ˵ĲдҲѣǡɱ
㵹ùˡ
Ԩֹһ䣬ʾ֣λĲдСһһ׼߰˳ɵİգˡ
˵ţۣһλȥ
Ԩʲô⡣
λǿħӦóˣȥԨ
ǿħ㣬㲻Сȥ
ħһ壬Ϊ塣û֮ǰأҸɱƫƫҪ׷ʧǲ֪Ƭ룬񱩵أҲߣ



һһʮ Ѱ·
꣡
һأӽն顣
ÿһңһƵıӨ飬ûҪ롣
ƴ󸣬㽫ʶ֯ЩӨ顣
֪εȾǿߣɢĲһһ£뵽׼֮ȥɾ󸡣
һӺеıң顣
ࡣ
ʹͷ˵ôһ䣬ûж
ֻʣʶ顢׼ػꡣ
ԨԶȥķܸӡ
ʱλ³ݼСүۡ
ǰȻСѣںԨ
֮ǰأԨıĿҲֻͣԨΪµ۹ȽȽĶ
ڡ
̤ⷽصԨ̥ǰ㣬ƿһеţΪ֮̾
·ͻȻ䣬ݼҵСүͱ˵ҺȻأҪҪСöҪ
ǰԨǱģʹ£Ըվִ֡
ڵȫһˡ
ϣ׷ʲôޱ䣿񣬡Խأӳ۹ҲġƬأ˽٣ǿħ۵ˣ
һڷܰϵħѹƲˣҲ޷նɱͷۡ
ǿħԨӦ󣬾Ҫȥԣεȵţ

·ԶʧһԲ£վǲˡ
ձʵƲڱΣջããģʲô
Ԩں̹ǵĿҰͥŲ
ΪģŨұγһС
㣬ҡأ಻ȶâԹޡŵɷ
ٽԨģԪ̥֮ëɡ
ɷħķ˿̵Ԩֻ龳ڵΪȴһΪɹ۵ƺս
ǿħħһ壬Ц
Ԩڿ񱩵ͻȻͣ£һأǰ
ƺ˺ܾãƺֻһ
һģЩŤȻ𣬡֪ˣ
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ԨЦЦݺ㣬类Ʋڱε̫⣬ӳȥ𣿺αأҪħһ峹׶Ͼ
ӣŮͫ䣬ӳȥǬ½ܣôģħһ壬˵һδλӽ䣬ڴˣΪҪӣҪӣҲҪǸۣ
һδλӽ䣬Ԩ׽ǷüһЦֻħһķ֧ѡûмǴħһҲࡣİħһ岶ɱʱֶҲ൱顣
⣬Ҳɱ¾Ҹ˵
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˵սܶʱûоԵĶԺʹ
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Ůһ˿ɫţ
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ħ׷ߣͻɫ⡣
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ȺֱӿԨԺ
١
Ԩָָ֣סüġ
۰ڣһ㽣â⡣
ԨԺģλħһ붼ûסͱ˺顣
Ԩ֣һ
߿Ʋ㣬ͻйӦ

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̫󣬶ôӴ;ͣҪתƿش񾳽ߣԵǿ
Ǳ֪٣ֻõԨ꣬δκһɱ䣬ôô
ϵħһ壬Ҳ֪ϵģɡ



һһʮ 
㣬µ۹ߣ㣬˭
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ȻħĴڣǬ½̫֪
ֻм½Դ½ЩǧţںԪ֪Ĳܣ֪ħ
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ܻӳһΪˣڵ㡭
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ڰŮڵǿħ̵ɻء
ԨȻһЦ˭ѾûбҪ֪
ŰŮȻ̧֡
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ƽ𺡹ҲգұڷаҲãܱĨɱ
ǰνħһأвͷۡ
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λڰŮڵǿħͷͻȻͷһҪɱĿֲС
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ӵأȻԨǰ󣬡Ҫ㡣
ԨĿޱ飬лȥļֵ𣿡
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ʱǵѪ̫֮ڴܲסİǿյĿֲ;ˡ
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Ԩҧ˵仰ʱ³˼Ѫ
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Գơλħ׼ᣬͻȻϮɱ
һУϵԶ룬
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ԨȻһ㣬һĹͷҲ㡣
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ΪǣǱǰ̽صߣġ
ǣֻǲȱĲ֣ȫ
ڽ֮⣬ǧʱĻۣʢָ˲ֵǺ
һأһֵϣǵս
ʱССµ۹Ǭ½ǵ԰ݺ۳ҵԳԾժʵ
Դ½ͼ½ǿߣϤִһɢԶصأֱӰ⣬޾

ڹͨܽںС
Ԩȡֽȣʶε㣬򡰻ۼͻһأȥꡣ
Ԫ鵤ҩɢţϴѪ⡣
Уһ֮ĸо
ӡڱ۰ЩâСۼͻʱ·һֻֻ۾ڰй۲
ȷе˵ڹ۲ţꡣ
ܹŹֵĸо
ǵĿڤڤУҲһֵĴ
ЩââڲдĽ꣬Ȼ׽
Щâ֮ǰѡȱ߾ƺԭ
ÿÿͽ깵ͨԼ궼ޱ˳ӣҲΪôǿ
ΪȻ׽Ը
ţ
ԨȻվ𣬹һˣһȥ
ۣһҲû˵
κԨͣסһƯڿյģ׵ĳۡ
׳ۣţԲΣԲΣ̬յĳ¹ҫ
۲һأĵĻ硣
һյɫ
׳ۣӽԨʮף;ͣٲҽӽ
ң׳۵ļƣ·һãҪ룬жԶӶԶ
㵨Ӻܴ󰡡
Ԩų۲һĵĻ磬֮ǰһأҲʶôģһΣ
Ϣ̫ϤˣԨͷֱ洦µɫ飬νǿħ
֪ӺδһֵĳۣȻٴѰ
Σú̸̸
ͼڳҫţȻޱؿ˵
зܰǰ½Ů˵ҪҪö
ۣԨȻ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôɢڽأӦħһ˸˵ˣҪ̸̸λصػߡ
̸ʲôԨЦƾ㣬Ҳʸ̸
νĵ𣿡
ʲôڣ
壬Դ½ĵڡ



һٶʮ ŵĵ
ڣ
ԨԺ˼Ȼҡ
˵һһûԴ½νĵڡ
һֱڡԪںͽڣԴ½ڡ
ǧߴڣͼ½ħ߶š
ĵڣ
һҩڼûκ츳ҩֶΣƾΪ
أ½ܶص飬˽⡣
ʦҲϸΪ
û˵Դ½еڴڡ
ǰλħȻ˵Դ½еڣ
ԨĵһӦΪħں˵˵
ⷽأһֱɵѹ
׳۵ɫ飬ȻҵҡҷԵΪңҲۣŵ֪ѶϢңѶϢҲڵţû취֪
ۣԨһ
Ӧϻ̵ģÿһ̬ӡһζѶϢפ֮ȥ֪̽ӦһЩģƬѶϢһ֣ǹħһ壬һ֣Ƭأڵڡ
еڣڣ
ƺѾڡ
ڣ
š
Ԩü°ͣɫ粻
һڡԪڡڰڣпֲ̣Ԫֹһλ
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ǡ
Ȼ뵽һܣëȻɫ䡣
˵ʾ⡣
Ҵ۵Ϣ֪νĵڣó֮ϣءⷽأѹа飬ǵڵֱʡ
ڣһѹЩа飬һߣУǿ
һǶ˵˵а飬ǵЩߵʳ
ħһ壬ʱ֮ǰڶ౻ͬ塣
ۣҲǱǽٸǰĳλͬ
˵νĵڣ˺⡣
ԨǱһĿࡣ
˵ڵĵڣƬеаΪʳŵУ꣬Ԫ
ǣھǺأжΪѪ̰
еӢھ߱Ƶԣǽɷһ֣ˡ
԰
ԨһӣͻȻȡǵ⣬̺ڵĽ꣬һֹϵĽⰡûκΣغеģصķ
λԵڣ͵ڴԨԴҲ˼ţ·ڻȥҲڵڸ֮ڣΪⷽصģµѡ
Ƕһ£ӽն£ŪģԨʡ
ǡ
ʲôǱʲô

Ȼ֧֧ᣬûмأش⡣
Ҳ֪ħһ壬ƬأǷҴߡһת˵Ҫŵħһ壬һ·ңƬصħټҪĨɱǡ
ĻرأԨ۵
ҵĻرǡ
Ҫ𸴣ͻعХ
ֻ׳ۣһɫ飬˲ƮԶ
׳ϣԲΣԲΣ̬һĲͬͼҫ˲
һεץ׳뵱е飬ʹ
׳۷ŵ̫죬ԨûзӦʧߡ
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ͬʱӴ׳۵ԶʣӿһɭĻ飬ԨݳƵ־
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붼룬Ԩ֪ص䣬ǿ꣬ǻƽ𺡹ǰµǧĽѳˡ
λӦʱ벻ˣ޷̫ԶģȫԨ
ԴʱԨλûԵİգѲˣֻýɫ۹ŵߣ˵̫࣬¶̫ࡣ
λӦûԼϳܽǿͷţյԨ١
ڣ޻ж֮ѹ˵أƫֱڡԨֹţĺأڵȫûмأԴ½ͼ½ŶûƵűʼǣѵ˵
ڵĸ𣬸в룿
ֶΣΪʣ
һˣԨֿ죬ٺЦԽԽȤˡ
ʵʧ˺ܶĵڣʮа˾űԴ½ڣм½ħ֣пȫ
Դߴڣ£ֶֻܴѡ
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ֻϣһ꣬ŵĵ޹ءԨԶȻ鷳ʹˡ
λߵģĳʱѲֵǿ꣬Ԩǲ
ôãҾͲţ㻹ܾ߱۷֮
ԭһΣܵأȥͨ۰âڣ̺ŵĽꡣ
ҪƿⷽأĽ
Ҫ֪Ͼĸ֪ʶ



һٶʮ Ȱ
꣬Ԩĸ֪УǾǿǾ߻ƽ𺡹ǵġ
ͷ߼飬Ҳ֣ԶԸ
࣬ڹϵнƵѹ£ôѣѾȷأƵ־
Ϊ̽ӻصִߣԨԵҪ
̣꣬
Ҫͨ꣬ȥʶⷽأ֪ܣҪĴ͹λƵǿ꣬Ӧдۡ
ͷһ𣬱۹ǵһ㽣âͱóޱȡ
ֱۣĴϺͨͨġ
Ԩ깵ͨܿʹӽâ̺Ľ꣬ᵽһɱꡢϢ
ϢԵȻǰƵģߵꡣ
ȻǼۣһռʱ򣬽ҲȻӦ֪ʲô
ֻǡ
âһȺ󣬾ȴȥٳͷš
һ޵ģΨԨܴ֪۹ǵĽڣȻƮݶ
͸ģģȷѶ
Ȱ˵Ԩ֪Ԩ԰ꡣ
״ȻǳϤѺѲǿ꣬ȻҲ̵ʶ
Ҫ꣬Ҫ˼Ҫһʱ˳λǿ⣬ǰƬ
ȴǿԼ
˵ڵңԻɱλǿꣿ
Ԩʱ̫ǿʢ״̬һҪʱ䣬ꣿֻ㣬ҲƬأĽ֮ҲܸõĴ
ָģӦĲǶԵġ

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֪ⷽصϢǵڡ
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޿κεԨҲֻܣ罣ϣǰ㣬רעС
λܴħĵġ
ԭϢ
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ʽʼˣ龳ڣԼ⡢ѪĴĥ
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Ѿͷ
ԨȻʧЦͬʱȻע⵽ͫ£޵ʶ纣ݰƮš
ʶɢݣ˳񾳵ף˵绹ûι̡
Ȼ޵ʶϵ衣
㣬ϲΪ񡣡ԨȻһЦʲô鶼ûз˵Ạ̊́Ȼడ˵ģӼҾ֪ƣĵĴ㣬ҡ
죡
δһ˵꣬شϡ
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û㣡һۡ
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سŵһʼ֣ͲᡣԨɫݣѯ
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ϲԨͷ
ͷβû˵ĵȽףԨöصڵؼƷƷ֮䣬ͨʱʳ飬ĵȽףпܴﵽƷͰƷ
˽֮нɹؼƷĳ̶ȣʹ׬ˡ
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šԨױʾףأ֮ܽ䣬׷ʲô
ó󸲻ܽûɱͷˡ
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̯֣ܽһΣʾⲻö˵
Ԩ׷ʡ
պ»ղΪ׵ˣ½½
ֻǣƺ˼ˣЩˣԳĬɫʹ



һٶʮ Ȩ
磡
ݷƷ˹Ԩ½ǣȻ
Ԩüͷͷʵôˣ
ע⵽ԯᴹͷƲҿ
ף
ܽһǱߣӵԯǱߣѯһλԼˣԺ£أ
ˡλԼ˲Ȼ
ԨҲ֣ԯЩԯˣͬ˲֪١
ֹǰ³ǡ
ϼҡռңղ󡢺۵Ķ鵱Уٵģ˲ټ
ټߣʮа˾Ѿ
ԨȥԺǿӵף飬뿴û©ղЦҲ֪ô£ͻȻһȺаӵɱĹУǲѡ
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м󸾳羫տԨǽصִߡ
һҲôǱװ׶ôˡ
ƬأԽԽΣˡһ𱬵»Լմ侲ԽԽа֪ôͿʼ֡棬ࡣϣλ뿪̫ԶȻ
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ԨʲãվȨԼС
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Ԩһ󣬾ͷͣһȫĽܵļơ
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ԨԺͽ깵ͨһ£ѭŽָѡһ
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ξھĴߣԨʱһ
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Ϊ˵Ԩ˾һɨ֮ǰʼִƴȨˣͷųƺͷɣȻͬ
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Ԩ֪֪ķλǽҪʱܿģǽ°ߵǿꡣ
ԨѡãҲû飬һΪ
պڽһƬããŨ
ٽʱ˶ᵽ쳣ŨҵŨϱϼı⡣
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Ԩһߺȣ侲
ȣɢǶӿӶײƯԨɨһۣ˵Ҷңʲôĳȥƾʲô
⻰˵ʱ⿴һۡ
Ϊ󸣬жģʱˡ
ҲΣգԲš
ҸѹһˡԨһЦѹˡǲţԿ֪񾳣ȹҪ壿
ôһ˵󸷴ԥˡ
֪Ƭأ˶ɣԨһ䡣
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ôɺһʱ
ƬŨİȻɢȺˣȴְ̲ص쳣ķ棬ҿֱɡ
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ɢǰӿӶƯһ֮Ƭ
ģ͸ǿӨӨʯڲƲеۣųϼ⡣
Ԩ챦η䣿ȵ
˵ô֣ô֡



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½أԹഫ˵
˵Уд챦на飬йϾʯӡһ͸ܴƾ
ˣǧƬ߷ӵ
Ǭ½
Դ½ͼ½Ĵߣξ񾳺ھľ뢣̽в̶ͬȵջ
ˣڴƾ磬ǵ
ͬˣֹ͵ʹ֮صķ
ԯڴ֮һ
ۼһεģӨҫľ޴֮ƬشӿӵƯ˶
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ӨӨ¹⣬ɫʺ磬ʯͷڷʡ
ʯͷڲ·пյġ
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ãİɢΧ۵ˣԽأǿ鸡վʯ
ԨҲûٴκ
ΧӣҴĽߣ۰Ͱ͵ؿǿ鸡վʯۣžʯ̫
ϵųϼ⣬ҫ۾ʹ
󣬰Ƶڴݳ
ˣˣ
ˣڼӿ죬Ѫڷӿš
໣
ղͻȻһҰް˻Х
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ϽЩߣȻԶ룬ؾղҪ񣬱һ
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ֻƤ̿°ղ󣬴˿类ƽ֭ˮһ㣬Ӳӡ
ͷɫĴͼڣԽɫѪ̣أһθ֡
ˣ־ûн١
ɴղڣӿֳŨѪȣһ˫۾ǽɫı飬תɡ
ͣ
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ոƾ˲
ղ󣬱ڵ۹µУ϶ΪҪѷһģڶݵš
أ
൱ղǵǰͻȻƻͥļޣʽ̤뵽
ᣬ˳أִǲ֤ѾԽԼˣ
뵽вЩɬ
ղСһ㣡
Ԩڴ˿̣ߺһѪ֮һ㴥ǿʯвףջأ
ղͷȴûйӦ
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ǵã֮ǰǾ߾ĸມ𣿡
ԨЦˣ˵ҲÿˡǽɫȭףǸֱѪᡣǾˣսȭףô֪ղͬͬԴϢŻǿ֮ƬƯ
Եղ󡣡
֮⣬ǵеκˣܵõǽɫȭ׵Ͽɡ
ͣҲˣ֪ǽɫȭףֻղУܷӳ
ղңղСڣǻڽӱ֪һ㣬ɹƾĵʱ챦ĳϡղңλǱĽѽϵ
ûеǰ񡣱ǵ侳磬ҲҪһԱͽԨԴζղңͼ½˹ϸ𡣡
ǺڡԪڡڣħеǿ
ղ˵Ŀ࿴ղҼȻµ۹ΪŮʱµãȻҪ⡣
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Σ
ͬ⡣
ͬ⣡
û⣬ͬ
̵ͷ͡
Եһղʱ̫ãҲٻָָԨ΢Цţ˵ǲԶһأǲ¡
һҶ۾



һٶʮ طᱮ
ԨܿĽĳ
һ˶ԲοӶƯһޱȵͭᱮ˷ᱮͽڴȣ˰ٱֹ
ͭᱮı棬رģӬ಻
ᱮڲһģľ޴꣬ʱһ¡
ͭᱮǧСĻаȳš
ʱʱأǷᱮڣɳһĨĹ⡣
һаĹͭᱮɷᱮڲλ޴ĵСʳϸʵ̳ԡ
Ǽ׳ۣڶаһҲڷᱮܱƮš
ڣĻ飬ɪɪ

޴ͭᱮͻȻӶ񷶥ȥһҪ˺صıƣӷᱮںȻ
ıģ㣬ӱ䡣
һööģܻµϵ䣬ʧа
һž죬ΧŷᱮģǧСĻаĴ͸ȡеĻԿ̵չ֡

ͻȻ䣬콵ٲ磬ӵѤý硣
һööģһа˲ҷ
ʧıģƲ֪٣ڱȻֻ֣ǿӡԵǳ
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е飬ҫɫ磬ž˵˵Ŀ־;
ͭᱮһӣ³һЩ
ֱģصӽɷᱮڵǿ괫
лꡣ
Ȼ󣬱ɢɢģεڱ𴦵ĻаӽȻط뵽ӡ
ʮ٣ǧĻаԽԽࡣ
ӽֹͣǣĻаͻȻָѣԿ־岻أɪɪ
ȴûһаѡ
ͭᱮǿּ꣬ʱץһаᱮڣϸʡ
˷
׳ڵӶڣͭᱮһδεأӿаһ󣬱㳢ųȥ
ÿÿ磬һ衣
аǧͭᱮȴһ˿ƣݷеǿ꣬ƶأȻڼš
ǿ꣬ƺֻ֪Ҫȥһ죬
ǧüģƺһֱ꣬ǧ꣬ˡ
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ʱޱȵİûڣԼͲΪ׷ɱԨƬأ̤뵽
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ͭᱮڣǿ꣬ĸ֪УңɼĴڡ
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뵽Ȼɱķ֣νŬû̫塣
ħһ壬ڽֻǲһСɫ
ôͶˣħļλڣǱ̳Եġһֱ뵽СӣҪٳٳٲҲûʲôֵˡħһ꣬ǿɿڣȷʵЩˡ
һĻ飬ҡ


ĳһԫϱڵĹ棬Ԩվ룬ܣ˵ҿɡ
ڣ˶أƬ档
ΨղûżжͿȻվԣȻһЦԨлǰ˶ڣҲö˵ڸ㣬ܻ뿪أݼڰ³ΣգҶȻ֮
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༣˵ǣĲǿЦ
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ۼͻʧĵڣʲôϵɣԨһ֮ͻȻɫĪɣܵõΪеĻ͵ԨԴ



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лҰɫĹʯԿŲ֪ħ֡ͼҲͻȻʯԨХ
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ۣ
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ͯӣͯӣϢȻ෴һһȣһһƣһһڡ
档



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ˣǺˣİĺܣΪ㣿Ԩ



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Ūһ㣬֪ǰĵˣǵˣŴӼ
Ԩ˺档
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ԣǱȥǽڣұѹƵͭᱮƵ
ǲܼĥˡ



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׷ɱԨ˵ģνǿħǼ䣬ΪһʶĿʳ
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죡
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ֻǣޱȵͭᱮȣԵĻа̫С
ʰʣںصĺӣվ͵ͷˡ۹Ц



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ͻȻ䣬ԲʮضɽҡǧѤõĹ˷ӿ



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Ԩ̧ͷ翴ǧѤõĹʮ߮ţȻ̽ĿӶ
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Ԩľ΢ǵõǿͭᱮҲûԦ
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녺ͬʱĶǿͭᱮǿҿ
õԨͷ녣ȷơ
֧һ֧һ֧ĵҵĻǣǰͺ̵أǿͭᱮ
녵̬ζʵʻ
ֻһ녣ʮ׸ߣo㣬վš
녣녣Ȼͬ
ʮ׸ߵ녣ް߰ף̬ӣһᣬüëϸİ
壬һ˫ͫɲ⡣
񣬷·ݣֻ̬Դͨڱʵ֮ģ

녵վڷţһƵĹž
ֻһӲӵĹģķɳѸ
ģĵһǣ̼䣬Ʊǣ

Ľɫ磬ĵǽ俪
ȥ
녵ĵӰһߴ롣
ĵӰֱĻǣʹĵǣӯֲ
녵ǽС
С˽һ࣡
ףеŵ
ǽ̤ͭᱮȭһȭȭͭᱮŤĺۣĿԲ죬ĵ̾һ䣬ҵСˡ
ͭᱮڣȻֵʻ飬ӿţԤеҪᱮá
ֱֳͦѪ󸣬Ҳ¡
Ԩͷˡ
֧ʵѪͻԴȾ֧Ļǣ
ڣͭᱮʱ΢
ΪһĻâ
ͣ
һ֧ȾĻâͭᱮһöĴ
ţһ⣬ڱȼ
һƺߡ
ʣµ֧һš
ͣͣ
ͬһ㣬ͬһĴö뷢
⣬֮ȼ֮󣬱ڷ⡣
ļһֻһ㣬ԽԽ
磬녵һСһ󣬼С
̬ҲѸٵأõĮá

Աߣλڵߣļ٣
֧ص챦ѪǴǴͨġ
녣ԴԴϵأΪ֧
ͬģľģҲ녱񣬶˿ݽߡ
СãǷĵֱס
սλڵĿǰν㾡ȫˡ
ˣ
վͭᱮϵĺۣȭͷ˰ͻһ
һ
Ǻ۵ü쭶һĨĹ⣬ֱ俪һ㡣
ӴɽĺۣüĹ쭳˲䣬ɫͫϨˡ

ͷһ졣
ʩչλʱƴնɵĺۣ˵Ƥӵ£һı䰫һ߳ߵ
·еѪŨҵӿĻĹ⡣
Ҳһ̣ͭᱮ౮ģƿصأŷᱮһǾӿ
ĵ£һǿ飬ٺٹЦţѸɡ
ЦſԵȻǺۣ
죡
ʵŭХͭᱮıģʱҫʱ
벻ɣ۵Ļ飬ҲͭᱮڲĹأλħضԻᱮΪ壬ͨᱮͷš
˵ûǾʱǣɲȫ
㣬ǧķᱮȴԳҵǵսڲˣ˿̾ڷᱮ棡

۵Ļ飬ϯıģ־͸ڣЩĳΪС
ɱȥ
ۣ
һ㣬ǺĻâӲƳ
㣬֧˿ϸ
֧ɶأüš
녵ǼλۣƤӶڶԨ˵ۣǺ⣿
׼ʱӦ󸣬ſӶڣţ̻ͭᱮԨ˵ļƣҲãͭᱮҲգƺҪΪС
ԨüĬ
ԼͽƵϵ磬Եص׽âұڷƣͭᱮѹ
녣ƳͭᱮҪţ俪һڡ
ǾߴǣеѪΪһ壬˳ƴǶڽͭᱮڲ
һУ;ȡֱģֻƿͬʱǿ
ʧȥᱮƣڲأʺսôơ
ʤʱӢûͭᱮ֣
ԭȸĳŵԹأ
˵ͷβֻԼˣɱʣնһУͷᱮǴΪеģ
ģȺϹ֣ûһʡ͵ĵơ
Ԩֵ˵



һʮ ħ׹
磬âȻǿľ޴ᱮ
ں۵Ļǣͨһâᱮڲ֮ͭᱮǱӲι̡
ž磬͵Ľâ㣬Ѹᱮѹơ
ǿصͭᱮڲǿ󣬶ǿᡣ
ᱮڣı˸š
ۻĻ飬λħɱţܻ¾ÿһ붼ǧεĻ
ֻǣڷᱮڵľս˲ܿ
ݣ
ӿڿӶڵģа飬һһȥ
ۺʵսʹǰɡ
ҲԵġ
һĹ򣬴Ԩɳ۾Ȼ
ͼһС꣬㱻Ǽ͵ţһ롣
£ɷ۾ġ
ȻѾƷףǰͦһףҲ֪Ǳ
ԨЩ
ήҵ녣ڶа飬ȳɳæȡ
Ԩͷȡ
۾һ
ǰһ񣬴üķ
С˺ܶƯڰУ󡲶׽Ӭһа飬ţ
Ҳʾһʶſ
֩ʶ룬ĴεţҲһа
ʵĹӰ˷ڶа飬ںᱮʾһսʱֲٱᱮٱƺ⡣
Ƿ׷ѡ
ֻϧӶ֮⻹녡󸡢˵ȣйʱ
а飬ձ녵˵ĻǱûǱ󸰵Ӣ
ү
ڵλ΢ߣʮף˵ǳսҪҪһ£λۿܺɱħʡʣӢٵõͭᱮ
ͣһ£߲˵㵱滹Լƺ⣿
Ԩһб˵˵Щ
пܣǷᱮڵĺۣħʣһڵߣܺĵؽ飬ڵ֧Ѫӡǣܱƿصġۺħʣ㶼Ԧˣԡ
Ԩˡ
λڵߣҪۡħͬھôø녣녳Ϊߡ
ҿûб£ȥı亳ۺħʵսԨ
ʵеġڵ΢Ц
Ԩ⡣

һ䣬λڵߣԨ֡
녺󸣬æڲ׽Ща飬ûܵһʱעԨĶԻ
ƶ䣬˲녡оԾ
Լᣡʲôȡ
еҲ룬һ
磡

һѷ磬˲ϢƽΪԼߣһնΪء
Ӱ
һΪԼʧһԼᣬԨվţְԨĺ󱳣ǰһơ
Ԩӡ
Ԩɫ䣬ԼƲͷͽƵϵ˶ݵʧ
ֻб۹ڵһ㽣âѰĳȣ
Ҫʱֻһɿֲ֪Ӻζ˲壬á
ֻܱأȺԼĳ֡
ԼᣬӶԽӶεĽƽʱֻұϿӡķƣס
ڿӶϷǴͭᱮʮ״ն
㡭
Լᣬű۹ڵȸУɫء
녣µ۹󸣬ֹͣаĲץٴеأŽȥԼᡣ
λݱ˵Լᣬ΢ЦţȻſԨ
Һͺ죬һҲƬѹЦҵǵһЩضҵѹƣҲǡأҾһЩˣȻżӵˡ
أࡣ
녿ԼˣⷽصβսκͻȻǸԳΪ׹ļһ
׹ԨüһɫⷽأڶаﵱУ׹ƺҲǰʮ
¡Ұ׹ʣҲ纳죬ǿǿǼǰʮСȡԼİ׹ЦݽòҰףħҰ׹˺ħͷƺΪħ
أ嵮ꡣ
ħͷҲΪħħħħǿգħɢ½ֲа֮أƺΪħģħߣ۾ڼ½ħ
ħħǿʱڴ½أõħȥⲶ׽ħ
ħֻڴ½ӣ־档
ǰλԳΪ׹ĵħܹⷽرǰʮУʵࡣ



һʮ Ƕ
ħʣħ׹ۣ
λϴڣԨڽӴ֮󣬽ǿҷӦ֪Էͷ
λⷽأ֡Ѳģǰеа顣
ǿ࣬ÿһݱߣ
Ŀֲڣѽعأǻһƽ٣Դ½ͼ½ţð
ܸı½ľƣ
Ʃ纳ۣǽħʣع鵽ĺ۹۹µ۹ıǷ֣֮
ħʣɹǺӣ᲻ڵħ֧˲ʵǣ
ħ׹꣬һع鵮أȻҲġ
ÿһλѹڴ˵а飬մѪʮ⣡
κһͷţѡ
أ
ԨţЩ׭ƣΪס
ںͽ깵ܹͨһεأܵⷽؽơ
Լİ׹ңңֱۣһֱΪ
ž
ҵ磬Ӧơ

ħ׹֣ЦǺǵأϵŲ崣ϵأϸ΢رŷλ
ģԨָֻ֣ʼ޷
ԨӦģⷽصĽƣȻҲܾ׼λ
ǵħ׹ֻСȵأһ֮ƶһδεأܿԨĽ׼
һߣ녣󸣬ͬһĳȵס
ǵ񣬺ȻҲ޷ħ׹
ħ׹֮ڣɲ녣󸣬û취Ļ侫׼λ
·ǵħ׹ֻԼڣڲͬĿռв㡣
׹ˣ֮ǰһս㴿ֻϷŪǡȻһ̾޹󣬾ȻˣΪԼ㣬ǣûϵֻѰ·
ҪԷƱԼ˳ʱҸշѾţ֮òװѽ׹ٺһЦʱң쳣˺ȷʵûмס£ֻ辶װܣǱԼѨ
ľѪݽ֮ԹϢʽʱҲĵأһأԼڣ͵͵ɣΪ
Ҳ֪ҪĻǣļ䣬ʵͦʱġ
Ұ׹Ϊóǳɹˡ
ħ׹Լǣ̸
Ȼڲ˸š
Ԩط֣ûа취Խ꣬˱յļһܼƣ

ħ׹ûڴأ˲䲻
ϢеĲʧĸɸɾ
ܹͨƬؽƵԨҲһ޷ӦȵĽâָԭ
֪ħ׹ȥ˺δ
ˣǿҵĲÿܻͷ
ħǱСһ㣡ڵ녣ԥһ£ն˵ҶԵħ˽ⲻ֪ħ͵ϮǷǳټġ
׹Ϯ˭˵ţͬɹĴ
żڳŵģʱ̣ʶȤأӽ󸣬׹ʱᱻ˲ɱ
׹ӣ˵ϣۺħʣڷᱮͬھԨĥţ૵ˣҵĴڣĽ
һͷˮʱûס
׹ʲôã
һҽУʮ￪⣬Ȼ
ҽڵ۹ϼҵ»
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Ԩһæ㣬ǣ
녿Ԩǵħ׹δǶ֡ңҸո̫֧͸֧ҵ
ħ׹鷳ллˡ
ȥ
˵һȥ
£Ԩߣֶֹ춯
³ǵˣտãԨ
ٺ٣ˣͱ˷ʱˡһηĵħ׹ӵصӰȴƯʮĿУһץһˣҡڵس߷ҲκΡ
ץŵˣһݷƷƣһޡ
һãһδŵš
ħ׹ֿ죬ǺЦţת˲䣬Ȼٴλع飬һĴһ󸡣
֯һģ⽦䡣
Ԩ»ֻǱش˷ֻ˻šҡҡλε󸣬ʯ£ԶԶһǱߣѡס֣ǵħ׹㾿ʲô
磡磡ݷƷƺС
ץŲޣɫңȴҧ촽һԲ
УӯŰĪı飬֪׹󣬿û˻·
Ԩ
ҪʲôԨɫǵħ׹ǣҪвʲô°ɣ
֪ͺáħ׹Цеأ˵ҪʣһڷᱮڣҸô㰴ҵķԸ
˵Ԩ侲



һʮ 컯
޵Ԩ⡣
ݷƷƣһ·ô塣
ħ׹Ưţһץһ޺ݷƷвҲ֪׹Ҫʲô
Ժַʽúۺħʣͬھ
㣬ͭᱮȻý֮ŷᱮءǷᱮһ롮ءбҲᱻϴ׹ⷽصȻ֪֮飬Ҫⷽȶҵġ
أԨü
ʲô֪׹ɻ
һԨֻ֪ⷽأɵأ
ڣ
ĵڣ
ڵ녣ˣ
ħ׹һۣԴ½ڡԪںͽ⣬ԭһڡصĴΪ컯󡯣Ǳڴ죬ܷⷽڣһа顣
컯ĺģ˵ǴԴȪǻء
أаƵǻس⡣
ֻҪܽص⣬컯ȹһվɣа飬纳ۣħʵĴڣٴݷ
׹򵥽䡣
녡󸣬ǺȻ𣬱Ƿµ
Ƕǵһ˵ڣ˵ڣ½أǵ˽УҲûʲôֲ̫֮
Ȼðһ컯󡱣һ纳졢ʰĹϴڣͼ޾״̬Ƕ̿ˡ
˼ͭᱮ뻯أػָԭ״Ԩ
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ʵսǳڷᱮڵĻս۽ΣŷĻܣ뻯ء
ҲΪصһ֣⻯³ӯܣꡣ
ڣ컯󶼻ȹɽӡ
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׹Ԩ͡
Ԩ㶣ͻȻأ
ңħ׹Ժһ£ǺЦңһ᲻ںʵĻ飬뻯غҲٴα컯
Ҿ֪δе棿Ԩ
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ԣʤֳʤ߻ὫҺɱȻټԱǿа鷢ս
ҲʧֻܳǵĻսûнǰ֡
㣬ͭᱮ뻯أؿʼͭᱮһ̣ػٴɶһЩأͻǸʱ򣬽ãδ޶£ٶȣƬعҵĵء
Ȼأ˺졢ʣ½ʱͲˡ
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ݣ
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ԨôϵأһδδѶ
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仰βͭᱮ˹ȥ
еޣңʧǡ



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ͭᱮԨУħ׹
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ֿ־壬裬ô޷Ρ

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һذӨָͷͻȻƤѣѪƳ磬ָڷš
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ݷƷƿأͷ׵ġ
һҪ޳顣
ڵ녣ήҵأҲǰüĵİɭɭӡǣһۣ˵ǵħ׹سŵԾ޽ӡǣꡣ
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׹ͫȻͷųĵа⡣
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ԨСľĵıǰЩڰ³ǵྭԷ׵Ĳ
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ԥһ£ҲҵӰ첻ľߡұУӰսᰭְšһ;ĳ룬ԨĶڳЦ㡣
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ͭᱮԨȻԶǰ
ͿҪˡ૵
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޵ĵħ׹ͻȻˣ߷ΧֳҪ죬ᱮںۺħʵսڼˣͭᱮͻᱻʤ߰ռʱ˷صĽƣδᱮڻء
Ԩ˵ͷüͷһ壬ޣ˵˰ɣ
޴˿̵͸Ϣ
һ⣬ǻţԼϣԨĪҲ
˵ģġħ׹΢Цţţܳ㡣ţһûԺ۹۷壬ܺ죬𣿡
ԨȻʧЦ֮Ӧʲôˡ
㽫ᱮѸٳ䣬ⷽʱһ񡣡׹ץޣһ޽ӡת㣬Ǹٹ̼ѻ֣Ȥ



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ԨһݸЦЦҡͷ˵Ů˵İ±Ⱥ޻Ҫ¡ˣҿ޸ܣԸҡ
Ҿ֪Ʋ׹ҲǿЦŴߴ٣ʱȣ㻹ǳ磬ͭᱮɡ
׹ˣǵ÷һ·Ԩ
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տ۵ͭᱮȻֻͣЩڷᱮϵģžһ
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ħ׹رɫһ˫ɭͫͭᱮԨҵҲᴥƣԡңᱮڵСأҲǺʵĵ֡
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Ҫ֮̽ǿĽ֮ᱮǿҷߡ׹ȵ
ԨĿ񣬳ţٴιͨꡣ
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ԥһ£ħ׹еķֻ͵Ͷ
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ԨһץסֻֻⲼƵķֻĳء
ŷֻǳ
˷ֻ»ǿԼҪãǸңȻ
Լãڡ׹һεӣУֻܷӸǿŰɡ
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ܵĸеǵħ׹ǳڴֽڵĺڰͯӣϣںΪһĺڰͯӣݳǷֻ
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ڰͯӣ˷ֻ꣬󣬻ڽأı仯ףǴ󿪣ΪһĻ顣
Ϊ޵ĺڰͯӣͲԸعֻ
Ԩ乵ͨΣǺڰͯӷѶϢϣڰֽȣܴܿӰֽȷ롣
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ڿУָͷ޷ôأɵɵԽԽԨ
Ԩûһֻۣüͷ׹ˣǺ⣿
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ڣͭᱮͣ
ħ׹˲ͣڷᱮϷһƬǾºεأŷᱮµĳɬ˵ϣûѡ
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Ԩһֻۣ꣬ҪѪ⣬ҪС
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ٽصĴһ˾޴ͭײģû顣
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ͻȻע⵽µͭᱮڣɳһööģһͭ޹ס
һڣͷ·ͭ޹׵һ֣ڹײĵĳ両֡
ĺͭ޹һ塣
һԨ̬֣Ȼɫ
һʵͭ޹ûй׸ǣµͭᱮ״ʹС
͵ص׹νͭᱮѹ棬ǿڹײĵĹײĸǣ
׹ĮȻͷǿˡ
һԨֻ˵ıŤܣоҲգħ׹Ҳãûж˵ʵ
ƺǹײĸΪͭᱮͰ׹Ҳ˳˵
Ͱ׹ʣȻ֪νͭᱮǿͭ޹׵Ĺײĸǣ֪ͭᱮͭ޹ףһġ
ûû˸ܱߵĴһھ޹ס
ΪһͭᱮصһǺͭ޹ױϵһ·أֱ䡣
ִͭ޹Ϸſͣס
ٹˣңǸȥԨϵԼ侲ǿѹŭˣ÷飬ˡϣػָԭ״ǳɹҲν
ֻԸͭ޹棬λ޷Ƽݣаڱεļһǧ
ͭ޹ڣȻλ׹ƺΪֲħ
λа鵲ţ֪ιʣûðͷ
δͭᱮıģѹԹ޹ס
ۺħʣ͵ʴףδܶȡᱮƿȨԷڷᱮڡ
ȴ
㾡ĵħ׹Ҳֲ̿ԥʲô
Լúȥδӣ

ħ׹ȻԽͭᱮǿ޹Ϸʮףչ
һɭɭĹӰԼͷɳ
ɭ׹ӰȻǵħ׹žȻϸûйɭɭſƮݵ̬
ŮġһͷԨļ
ȻͿ׹Ļ飬ͯӰݷ𣬳ǿͭ޹׹ݡ
׹ӭ˳



һʮ ƻľ
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аħƴҪԽľ޴ţ˿
أа飬Ҳˡ
ڽ죬ͻȻ䣡
ǿС౶ͭᱮ绯һ磬ֱš
еаħԲ쿴ȥ

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ͭᱮı棬౮ģ緱ҫŵЩ꣬Ķǡ
һǿͭᱮ治
ǿаħ׽ǿķᱮֱȥ
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ڴͯŹţߵĹԳ˵ǺĪɣ˽ǰʮ
ѩ׵ĹԳۿͭᱮȥ˷ܵĻ
Գɫʯģš
ž
ŵ磬ӹ
ԳѪ죬໺ϵسŹ
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ԳЩаشúа侲
һε׹Ʈͯǰӵ׹ڣֳһӰǿͭ壬͸룿һͷӵ׹ڲ
ͯ俴˵׹һۣҲ֪ͷ
ħȻ֪׹ڣǱһλħһ˵壬֮ǰڽػˣѾϣҵϣвͨˡ
ͯ˵ͭƽ룬һסҾãǷ컯󣬾ͿҪʧЧˡ
һڶа飬ȸԾ˷ܡ
ڵȺţؽʧЧһ̡

ǰʮУʷƾõİ׹Ϊʾ⣬塣
׹Ȼδ¶ϥĤݣһĶûˡ
Ԩľ
׹ӭ˳
Ϊˣ׸Ǵ˵أƿؼա
λ꣬ԨǵõϿɵ̽ߡ΢ͷ컯ϲΪ塣
λҽŮ˿ʱҵǣ˱ǡ
ʣ׸Ƿڲ磬ʱѲˡˣԴͨܣҲãɱҲգ˭⡣
ˣ׹֪λ֪ΰ֮󣬾һҪ׷档
˳֮󣬰ǰа׹һϯ֮ء

ħ׹Чҡ
ԨޣʣĿж˵ʯΪֺλڵ׹ѾҪˡ
λͭ޹ڣûѣĿǰ֪
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Ԩʱ۰ڣӡŵĽâ̵ѾͲס
׹ûд𻰣ûпһۣеעͭ޹ס
ԣ
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¡¡ݣ
ӿƲͻȻ£ٵٲ硣
İҹգǼ䣬磡
ԨѾʧϣ۾ѣģʹ
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ΪʼٸߣԨ£Լ̫С
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ÿһâӡһֹϵĽһʧĽС
콵س壬ºϻ

Ԩµͭᱮ΢΢һ𣬽ϵĲдһһΪҽ⡣
ᱮħƿصľͶƣͭ޹ϷŸھ޹ϣֲٲ
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ԨȻ֣Ŀֲ磬ڷᱮıǣ˲ûڱУʧڲء
ᱮеСأۺħʣһ磬ֻܱεأʩչͨȥӲš
׸ǣɺʣȥ⣿
ԨΪ죬δ뵽δλȻֶΣ񷣬ֲĺתӵ졢ϡ
ʣҲǽǰʮǿڣұ˴á
ڹ׸ڲأٳٳλǰǸˡ
ǡ
ԨֿӵصһðĽâ
ݣ
ħ׹ɭ׹Ӱ类ǿҷԼڣ׹Լ壬ûϣһɫǿŵĹײĿڷɳ
һɫʣһööıģһشа顣
Ǽ䣬ɫǿԼüģ衣
Լᣬ߰׹ƺһȻŤ
һöö챮ģϵĴ㣬ԼƤ¸֣
ԼΪͫڣиرģӬɶš
׹л
Լ֮ħ׹һͷ·ͭ޹׵Ĺ·λ
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ۣۣ
һ󣬾ͼһĹϽâԼᴩ͸
ԼѪ壬˼룬ػΪѪ
ѪУħ׹ɭ׵ĹӰһɫš
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ҪĽâ׷ᡣ
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죬׹ʣλصǿڣűߡ
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ͬʱԨܵ괫ݵģһ˿ͷ
ȻԶ
Խԣͭ޹ףõǹ׸ǣȻ
λٳûгѣȻΪȱһ
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·𣬴ǿҲŶһӳߵ
ǿ飡
־ޱȵϵظ֪Ԩ
꣬ҪϧһдۣŶģǿСͭᱮ׸ǣƬ



һʮ ޹
ݣ
һĺ磬ӽ֮⣬͸ŶǿͭᱮѸٽӽ
ǿͭᱮԽԽʱطŻٶȡ
Ԩɼ
Ĳǿͭᱮ·ͭ޹ٻ
ƺΨһ飬Ҳɹִͭ޹׵λܳ
飡飡飡
۰ڣ־ش
Ԩ۹ṇ̀պԺ˵ģȫ־
壬·ѾԼġ
վڷᱮ߽ǵҪֱֻ̧ۣңָԶ
ҵǼ䣬ùƽ
һ
һ̣һ貹
ӡԨ۹ǵģ㽣âٿȻ룬һööָ׸ǴСĳ쾧壬貹
貹ʽΣԶǿСͭᱮ
еڴʱͻȻˡ
ԨȻһУ·ǽ꣬Ҳһȥ
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̺꣬дལâɵ貹а黯Ϫݱš

ԣһֻŶô貹
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Ԩķ֣ⷽؽƵϵжˡ
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ԡ
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ƿһСǧٱķᱮͭƣͻͭ޹ס
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Ϣͽ͸ĸо̫֮
ɸ˵ĸоȴӯ޾аħͷҪͳҪǧĤݡ

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ħ׹ɭ׹ӰܿƵأ͵رקС
׹ţţʲôı䲻ˡ
䣡
ǿ޴ķᱮ׸ǣոͭ޹ס
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ԨŽ£·һǺӣһööģ˸ľӨǳǺԡ
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һʶͭ޹γɣӿռľ룬ǿнٶ
ԨȻɫ˲ףȻλڵҪ΢أ֪һС
ף
һɳƵԺ
λƺΪ죬緢ʲôܣֹһ䣬ԭˣѹĽ꣬Ͽ㡣
ԨʱȻ壬ĳиն
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ûҪɱ
úûš
ɳһһ㣬ܵóԸңӦûټһ졣

ͭ޹ɴǱ㣬ųԣЯſֲ׵ƣֱ߿Ʋҡ
һأνķ컯
ͭ޹ԵǿƵ̬ƿֽյĽ磬ǧĺѿʣǿնȥ
Ԩֻͭ޹ɾ޴󣬱һСĹ㡣
Ȼһоͭ޹ף°˺ۣħʣеħ׹һʱ˺أ̤Ǻӡ
ңúûţ
Ժһ飬ǽϿɵ̽ߣͭ޹λǱѹߣΪξƫƫŹԼ
ͭ޹׵λһ䣬ͻ
գ֪תܣϣһܵóԸ˵ټ졣
Ԩһͷˮ



һʮ 
ʲô
ѹͭᱮĿӶԣŸ߿գȻʧɫ
ߣȻܿȽȽյͭ޹ףܿҫĿԣ
һھ޴Ĺײģ
ڵ녣Ӷ״̬Ȼһ龧ͻȻΪҰɫʯͷ
˰Σͷǿͭ޹ףؼ⡣
ҲɺܿͷݷƷ״㣿
ݷƷüĵӡǣǳ˿̾Ѹٵ
ǸǸһϢ
ݷƷûȥյı仯ĸţʼղģԵħ׹ĿӸУ׵ʧˡ
ˣöӡǣҲü衣
ѨΪϵ֮
޷е΢ʶɣ޷ϤѨϵġ
ݷƷҲֻܸоһöӡǣ衣
üоԺ飬һЩ
ǣ̽ϵڣӡǷڣкΰʱġ
ħ׹Ȼķһ·
󸰵棬ңͭ޹׷֮أüԨǱߣʲô䣿׹˵ʲôأѵĳӯ˻飬ʹ÷컯ٴת
ǡ
ҡͷҵĿ෴Ƿ컯ٴתˣǡ׵ʧЧˡ
ʲôһ
ֽصؽ磬Ѿɢˡûٴ龧ȥָսȥԨұ֪Ǳ߷ʲô
Ҳȥ
ղҴߣ׷վ

½غµ۹֮
ӿڴ˵аħ飬Ȼ÷
ɫʯĹԳһ빰ţ󣬺񱼡
ڣлĽ磬Ѳڡ
ҵĸоûǷ컯ʧЧ
ͯӲȻһЦǹŶ룬һϪӣ·֡
нâӹֵĵصܳȻضɹ֡
ǿ꣬շţһ֮󣬾͵½ء
оۼģаħ飬ûнƣûҪΣա
ǣӵ

Ʋ㣬ʡ
Ԩվ˪ǵĴأŸ߿գ½صʧЧ
Ȼҹɸ߿еƲǰ䡣
ֹĺҹƺͭ޹գأǿ֮󣬱ʹֹ
ţǡ컯󡱵ϵѲڡ
ⷽأȻȻ
Ԩ
޴ĿӶһˣͤͤһ˫
Ȼδޡ
ͭ޹׷ɳʱλħ׹˵õļжƺֱˣûбһߡ
ħ׹һ뿪ʩڵĽ֮Ȼ޴档
޵ԽѣҲͭ޹׷죬ע⵽Ԩû
֮⣬һ΢ĸӦ
ǰԨÿÿʱļ²ܵľ¡
ֽʱ̶ĸоȻʧˡ
ãԨѾв
·ڵԨһ龳ģͨͨߣҲܽⷽصĽƣƲ˭Ʋ˭
С㣬ϲ
ͭᱮҳĿӶԨջ񣬶һЦⷽصĽͻȻĪʧЧˡҾòǰµ۹ȥ۹ʲô谭
ͣһ£ٴ˵ֻҪʲôǿа飬Ӧþް
û˽ƣǲζ㣿ͻȻʡ
ԨЦŵͷҲ޷ȥصĽƣʩκϡ
˻һ޺سĬĵоǶԵġ
߰ͷþҹգַ֪˸¹⣬ٱ䡣
ʱǰ㡣
ؿڣа飬ᴳ룿ʵ
Ԩʼ磬˵Ҳ֪ǿͭ޹أȥʲôһľޱ䣬ҵ治֪
Ща飬̤أһһأ޵
ƿؽƣȻδֹʣǵħ׹ҲѶˡԨɬһЦ˵ͭ޹׵ĳѾȫʧЧǷ컯Ƿ񻹴ڣǻأûС
仰Ԩһ·ƿǿӶǰģ׹˵Ļطλȥ
;еȻ񱩻ңû̫Ӱ졣
һ޵̬ȡ
޶ԭأıӰͫ䣬ɫӡ
˵أֻʣԨ
û˽ƿãԨһ龳ڵߣѾҳкڴµ챦
ԨĴڣңı衣
ɱԨǷڸһУǷһٽܾһ鷳
˶ļƣԺá



һʮ Ů
ء
Ԩ֮ǰͭᱮ׹ָķǷ컯νĺĶȥ
Ȼ񱩣ȴȻ
۹ڣâĻ̺ʧֻʣ´ӡǡ
ⷽؽƵӣʧĸɸɾԨ䷲Ҳͨƣȥƺ녡Ĵڡ
ԨͻȻͣס
һӰٽܵᵽһΣУֻһ˼⣬Ȼ
ǺһЦת
ྻɫ䣬յƤӨòڵͶ䣬·ָķɡ
䵭Įû̫ԵС
仯ܴ󡣡
Ԩۣڣԭ㲻ӦġݼʱҲݼ࣬
ǰޣԽԽİƱһˡ
֪ұ׹У󣬱ʱһֹؿɬһЦ֪㣬ʵ쳣Աġ
ԨĬ
һΣܻصݼʱ֪
޴ͷ̾Ϣһȥ˿̵ԨͬѡҲ㡣ԨҪϣʵų
ڵӺܴ󡣡ԨЦ
ֻ沨ϰˡ޺Σһ¶ʹʲô֪ڶ֣ͥԺڣҲֹұǺڣǺ
ҲãҲգԺҪ̺ڣû취ġ
Ҫ֣Σ˺ڣ۹µţǲӵеġ
ţһʼֻǡ벻ҫۡ
ԽҫۣԽü壬Խҽ֣֮ұӰС
㣬ѹԴѹҴ
ԡ
̧ͷԨᶨ
ͣ
һӨĺ⣬аָͷݶͿӴǣΪһؽر⺮̡
⺮̣ͷŷĵĹâȾ
ԨȻһЦһ㣬Ǵˡ
ʲôȻ
ѵһޣûпɱҡԨҡͷۣħʣħ׹ĹϴڣңԿֲѹҡҽ龳ûǰƾõǵϣܽܡ
ҪǺϣ㶼䣬Ҿͽܲˡ
ԨڣǶɱ˵ģҲɱ㣬һĺúõġ
ԲѡЦûⷽؽƿã龳ΪΪʤң
Կ
ԨͻȻתɷħɾǿоȡ񱩵
Ǽ䣬ܱЩӿ㳯ۡ
ʱڣΪģΪһתֹĴС
أʣԹޡ𡢾ɱ¾ġɷ
ڲǾͨԪ̥֮ĻëϸףѪ⡣
Ѫ壬Ǵе룬ʱͣʱ΢΢һ
Ƥ⣬ƱŨӯѸٱѪ
Ԩֻû̩ʹ꣬Ҳزصġɷ
ͷٿȻһ

תڴбصģɫɫɫİߵ㣬ű塢ɱ¾ԹȡɷȻ޶
޺һֱӨɵı⺮̣£Ϊ
һն
һӨ⣬ѤöʣһããĹơ
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ʣ඾أǰӨնĴɽ
ȻġɷǲķָͻȻǰը
˿ӰΣôܣͳӡ
޵ĸ֪УЩ̺ű塢Թޡɱ¾ͷĵŤǣʴۻ꣬ⷽأ׵ݣνа顣
֪ʮ㣬νǵ۹ԨЦأ˵еտ澭ܹѪอϸ΢ѪϣɱǣļޱƣܸܳϴӣӦԴ½Ļ
㣬δٴϴޡ
ԣѹԵأѹңЩ뵱Ȼ˰
ʱԨһ͵ؿ޺󷽡
ǵҹգһҹɰӰӣѸӽ
ӰӣԼͷͨ
ԨȻһЦĵǲá
ڵ֧޵ӡԼһͷ˲䱬
ؽʧȥ޽õ£녻Ҫ
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ڣ˵ˣ컯ʧЧĽأҲ
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½أѾףӦоľ䡣
녣˳ӽпܣڻع۹ǰٳɶأСа飬ξ
Ҫúıһ¡
ССвֻһСԺһ飬Ͳˡ



һʮ 
̬녣ҹա
Ԩʶչϸ΢ظӦ޺Ԩܱϸ
֮ǿ亱
һۣжáɷħԨĴĥ򰾣ͬȾߣܳҡ
논̫νţµ۹۹бĵ۹֮ӡ
龳׶ΣǴĥǿߣǰԨ
֮ǰûȥֻǾԨܹͨ꣬ؽơ
˿̣֪컯ѲڣԨͨ꣬񷣣Խصˡ
ӣͬСɡ
ૣһͷȻ䣬ʹˡ
ðճԣܷһϢ䣬Ԩ꾡
ܳɹԨţʩӡǣҲ֮ɡ
δܳɹԨһ˿ǣ˳شӡǣ֧˲ش
Ԩ֮Ϳֲɵ֮ġ
תһ룬ԨʵûнⲻޣܹõؽϿɵԨȻҲй֮
ܷڷ컯ʧ֮󣬻һַʽദ

녵ӰҹȻӶ
һǣڽսԨĿи֡
΢΢һЦ
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䣡
ֻãԺһľħһŲ¡
ѻƳӯʶһ̾Ҫꡣ
⣬۷һϢѹһ㷴û
ԨЦһ
ĨɱĿֲһ˲䣬ʧɾ
תԹҡνɷͻߣӿ
ʱû
ͫе䡢ĵԹޣ׶񣬷֮ɫ
ԭصɪɪ𽥱ĵа񣬸һʳ
λϵδޣ̬ˣпΪаħһڵ녣üͷ۵ϣʲôҿ˵Ϊ󣬻ᱻڵĴϣԽԴ½ġ
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µ۹һ£̫Ŀ۶е㵣ǡ
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˵ԼĵģͳѺۣȻˡ
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컯Ѿ֪µ۹Ǳߣûдͨߣܶأɱ֡
ңѲΪ塣
ΪĶ֡
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ɫأ׹ǿͭ޹ʲôԨԴ
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Ҳ޷ý꣬ơԨһЦһϣһ֮һ
ã
κصͷ
λʧǵޣ˶Ĭأûж࿴һۡ
Ԩǰ·ڵΨģⱣ־룬ʶ
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һԲεģڴصĸɺԳӣ汻ҵ
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ӵұڣԽ̳ܶĽۡ
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⣬νĻأ
녴ͷһۣһȻ˵λ׹ˣڲƭǵġ˴ªһӣûһ˿춯ûرĻۼ󷨵Ŧ
ԨΣҲƲ棬˵ͷǰ׹˵
ڣԥһ£µ۹Ǳߣڶа飬ӿ롣ҽ飬һͬǰ۹ڳ۹ǱߣٻеӰа취ƽذ³ǡ
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⣿Ԩ
СС³ǣδؾõѡ㲻Ը㡣˵ⷬʱǳϿңһᾡȫ㣬ڣһǰ̡
Ԩ㶣ͻ۹ǵĽâ



һʮ 
۹ǽâ춯ģǳرϣؽۡ
ԨЩӡܼ۵ĺ壬ڽâȵһ˲ʶһ¡
ۣǱ̻
ӡ۹ǵĽâһ̺ǱĻ
ΪдϵâӦںľ֮һ㡣
Ҳֻһ㡣
Щۣе˼
ע⵽ߣҲǻأرܼĽۣ΢Ц˵нҲһλﵽ񾳵ĽʦһڣӦܹš
Ԩأһۣ˸߿ң
Ȼ녺صͷµ۹ĵ̣ʵǲǳ۹ģڹʦܲԕFճ֮ǳ۹ڸ棬ռڵİ³ǣµ۹ĩˣݼӦҲӡ
ʱΪڵһӣԺĳɾͣԱµ۹á
ľãǺ츳ȳνµ۹£ڣȱˡ
논гģԨ롣
ĺ֪ˡԨЦЦ˵һ£Ժ˵ɡ
녵һá
ԨһЩرڽۡ
ʱԨ㷢ɫ㵣ͫֳ־塣

ͺȴţһ㷴Ӧû
Ԩɫء
ϣ쳣ԵĻ
ۣ
ͻ³һѪһƨأƣӣ·˴
Ԩʡ
녻ɫ԰׵أɬһЦǳرڿĽ̫꣬ڿֲֻ࿴һӣ·ڡҺòѣˡµǣһл㱵ģ֪ʲô
ԨȻҲ˺ܾãһ㷴Ӧû
Ǹľ绹ܵ΢ʶû녵̹ϣ㾳ﵽ΢Ӧþͻһˡ
ԨҲգ˵ͷԭˡ
ݣ
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νķ컯ʧˣﻹн֮ҵģԨЦ
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ڳ۹ֶΣڵĵλ֪һġܽҲԸصʱб˵ӡǡ
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ԣԨ֮䣬ƫ̻ԨҲվԨһߡ
㣬֮ǰҪпĵط˲С˹¡ԨϽҾɶѾʧȥԽƵĿƣҪֽѵңǾֵġ
ǰΪܽû飬Ҫܽɱ֡
ԨҪƣɱܽǰ
Ϊ˽٣˫졣
ûϵʧԼ֮䣬ôģվԼߡ
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ﰵ˼ҪˣԨս
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ˣµ۹󸣬ݵԨһͻЩۣ˵Щۣˣ
࿴Ԩȵ
󸣬녻Ҫ죬·ڻݳһͻȻС
˲侫㱣ʲôˡ
Ԩ۹ڣӡŽâǽ
ǰ˺ܶ࣡
녣ˣĻҲС
Ԩ룬ͻȻЩۣûھ녣֮ұ۹ǽâȣ֤



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Ԩɨһۣ⵽СݷƷüĵģħ׹µӡǣʧ
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ݴ磬ôˣ
ٽ֮ûѯе˵Ǳħ׹°𣿡
Ԩ﷢ʲôղҲѯʣǿͭᱮûѹ
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ϸûϸ˵
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Сã
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Ԩ۹еĽâȸУֻһš
жϳΪĻ߮˵ڽۣȻȡŻϸ΢Ӧ仯
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ԨҲڳĶǵ۹֮ȰȰ˵ģƾǶЩۣʲôȻҲ͹ԹԷˡ
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ԥ룬˵㣬տǣҪС
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ҲûȰ˵ʲôʾԨ⡣
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᲻ᡣ֣ǲţҿʱԶȥʱٻ
ǣԶһɣȻĲ
ĳ⣬û뵽С绹Ųġ
˵ţ녻ȥ
ԨͨӦȥ˺Զ֮ŷڻһǣȡֽȣ



һʮ Ů
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ӿڹŴԳа飬ӵʱпƬصǿߣ֪
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ҹɫƲڣһӰȻ
˴½
Ӱ̬·𽥽ΪʵʣΪһݷǷİ
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ŷӿֲųܱƲ㶼ɢ
ͻȻ䣬˸Ĺ㣬֪Ӻζɶ㣬ӿţʶľۼ١
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󣬴Ũڣ߳һϮٻӰ
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ʦˣ·½أ֪٣µ۹Ůʣͬų۹ܲԕFΪӡ
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ƫƫۣѣû¼ɡ
ܲԕFĸĸ£۹⻼һһ޳۹ʢǿ߱
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ܶϮɱ㣬Ȼ䣬˴ݻ⡣
ԼڽΪĸʱѾɳԼü֣ɱɱС
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λ۹ĹʦˣּޣΪĸ󻼣ְ塣
ֹһ˵۹ǿƣֻλʦĺճ
ŮʱµľڣѼ֪һСܲԕFЦݲãµ۹Ѿӿ½أЩ׳󣬻в
ۣҹԸߣǽפء
ֻŮʱ£Ҫҹĳ⣬ҪеʲôŪ˫졣
ܲԕF˵
ǿͭ޹ףǺµ۹Ůѯʡ
֪ܲԕFҡͷɫΨһܿ϶һ㣬ǿͭ޹ڣһޱǿĻݷλӦǵĳᾪԴڣħżȥ
δߣ
۹Ĺʦˣֱ̯֣ܻӵ˵Ƕ
˿ֲµ۹Ůʾ
ţλӦǺأǿһشڡܲԕFͷƾõħͷҵ;磬ʱԶҲؾȲλһͼҴЯ޹׶Ǻӣ˵Ҳмɵ˻
µ۹Ůʳãת
һ㡣
ɫ⣬īհ㣬ǿհ׻
հ׻ȻȻԣռӳյڻ
Ȼ䣬󸡢Ԩµ۹ߣǻ֡
Զڵ녣ȻҲڵС
еˣȻӳճȻԼ磬ڴĦЩۣԨ㣬С
µ۹ͼĪ⡣
ܲԕFȻһЦ°ȻأҲǽõͼŮʱ£µ۹һ˹Ŀ࿴ֻϧԸڵ녣ƺѣ䡣
һ˵µ۹Ůʣбһʹ
̼ǵãǰ漸ҲһȺ貣
мӣûزۣġ
ǰܲԕFǰǱ½أܹ׻ˮĻ׷٣ðʹɱ֣ոڶӣȫˡ
ܲԕFһս۹һνţ
شĵ۹壬ԪˣǱ۹ѰֱܲԕFɱϼˡ
۹˥ܣ·ǴһܲԕFѪ֮·Ҳһս
ʱ꣬۹촹࣬˵ˣһγĿһٴ⡣
£Ϊβ٣һأܲԕFʡ
Ϊβٴ˵أŮʱ·ʡ
ƸǷǱŴգҿɲ֪ܲԕF΢ЦţҺϧʲôðաͭ޹Ȼȥֵڣûгһмܲס
µ۹Ůʣ̾һδ֪գΪֲ
٣ֻЯšͼ֣ǵҲһ㡣
ʧǱڰа飬ؾޱ侪ѣûѹ£Ӱ߳
ðȻ룬ܲȫ˵
УǻȻʧķ᲻壿
ԽӸλԽҪȫ֣Ϊµ۹ŮҲãյܲԕFҲգǰڣŪ˵
Ща飬ڳӿ
ܲԕFһָڻУԨڵĻء
µ۹Ůʱ£šͼڵãЩǡ
Ӹ£ͼԼ׽һɹǿ·շŵ⣬Żض
Գͯӣ׹ȵС
˵ʵִ֮ǳԱߵҴߣǶ
ڵ녣ǵһʱȻһڣҲѻ뿪
Ůʱ£λµ۹ˣܲԕFָͷңң򻯻ؽ䣬һհֽȵӰʱãܱˣؿ
۹Ůʱ£Ծд£
㲻ϸܲԕFҲȤ֪ΪΣܾӣһ



һʮ ڵ
Ԩһͷڰֽڲأ衣
ֻ꣬ڰںΪһͯӣ˲ûƲڡۼˡĸӺ֣
Ԩͷ·ֻʱ޶ڡۡ硣
ۼͻҲ֪Ǻ龳꣬ǻۣʹͷͨ͸
޴ڵıУӯڡۼˡκһӺ֣Ԩ⾳š
֪˶á
ԨһͷǿҸӦ͵ؿһ
ֵۡڲأ·һţȻ
ں֮ĺڰͯӣǴһأ롰ֵۡ磬Щѵ۳Ρ
ڰͯӣͫһһףڰ䡣
֮ǰһǣһ̵Ե쳣һüë廯λ
ڣⷽأֱӿ³ԣ
ԨһʶȻҪ꣬Ȼ֪һ㣬һħ׹ͼҪֻ
׹ڰͯЦһС֮ˣ
׹ۻħʣԱԭˣǺӡԨڻ磬Լͷ⣬׵ر׹ԣͭᱮǿͭ޹׵Ĺ׸ǣ˱Ǳڹײĵס
ˡ
ڰͯ㱣ڻȥ£ѳ׹аش֮󣬻ûлָܶ飬Ҷǲˡֻ֪ԭҵķֻҲ˺ܴ仯ֻ֮ҡ
ңɣ뻻һַʽ
ֽȣһʱĹޣһʧȥļ䡣
ڰͯģݣڷֻ
ħ׹ħʰ㣬ǿ飬أǺڡ
ֽȣڲĸӺ֣Ԩ棬һʧȥļ䣿
šڰͯͷ˵ҲΪʲôˡֻãĸ֣ڲСأ̲УһϤҾÿ̻ĸֵˣҵǾʶͬţ
ͬţԨɫ䡣
λݷͭ޹ڲǿڣνǵڸĹؼ
ֽȵĳߣ̻ĸӺֵˣͬţȻҲڡ
ҵһУ·ͻȻ䣬һĻڰͯüͷ˼ˣӡۼĸӴ֣·ľѪꡣҸоۼĸڲأϢͻܻ
һԨٴξ
λڵĴڣ̻ĸϺֺѪľӶڲ޽ΪĸСء
ǣֽȵˣȻֶͨΣżΪֲľ߶ȡ
Ҳھ
ˣۼͻȻҲڣڵ
ڣûиǰԴ½ĵڣ
һˣԨȻһң˲ӰֽڵĻ롣
λһȻ֣۹Ů󸣬ɫٴеأĳ
ȥ򽣺۵ģڶĵ۹СҲǿɬЦݡ
㣬ԺˣԨ
۹ߣƼӦڴʧ󣬴̤롣һ˵أµ۹ңԶǵҪҵߣķѵʱҪĶࡣ
ͣһ£ֵЩа֮󡣡
غµ۹ĽԭȾӿڶЩȳ롣
µ۹ߣں󷽣;лܺЩͻ
۹ûⷽ鷳ͱ׶ˣϾȻ졣
ֻǣô׼ģҵ˻صģ
˶лһɫԶֶ
ɫʮ׳ͨɻɫ죬ųأŵ౦ʯ˸ҫ۵Ĺâޱȡ
ϣһһŮеߴӢŮĽ绨Цˡ
һһŮͬһš
ɫ棬ʮλ粻ȵʿշţݣű֡
ЩʿֻһۣѹָС
󸣬녰ģǿߡ
ڶ࣡
ҵ죡
Զͣһı顣
ˣ鲻ڣϳһЩ˵ݡ
ڵ녣ڼԶ龧ָæǽɫִ֮ǰվүС㡣
ĸߴ꣬ȻһЦȻá
녵үˣ
Ǹߴûд𻰣ڽɫͣºЦŻڣµ۹һߡ
ЦŮӣҲߣͶ
ڶླߣĳ۹ߣͣʱѡѸֹ
Խˡ
ԨڻأһһŮϸ˿֪
һһŮԴ½Ԫڵʽӡ



һʮһ Ԯ
۹ԪڴԨԴ˽֪
ȻˣԪյӣҲڳ۹
ԪڰԴ½ڣѡӵϿ
ֹǬ½Դ½Ǽ½ڶ츳Ƿ꣬һҪԪڡ
ǰ㣬õߣѾǴˡ
ڣԴ½ֻߴڰˡ
ẉ̂ĴߣԶܺԪڱ⡣
Ԫڡڡڣħҵӣٮٮߣ콾е콾
ƩǰλŽɫģԪڵʽӡ
ҲкΪߴ˺ڣòŮӣҲڶѡ
ǣ녰۷ǿߣҪʾǫ
Ԫڵݣ֪λפԪںҲ⣬ȻΪǵݳȻ
еĽжιŮĽīڵļ壬ڳ۹һ
ιīڳ۹ĵλϼҡռµ۹λ塣
ιī츳ڣʱ򣬾ͱԪѡУʹöμҺң۵Ͽɡ
˶֪۹Ļ壬ԪżԨԴ
ιīˣִ֮󣬷׷ױԪڽԴ½УԪڴ¸߽׵
ˣ˱Ϊ飬س۹
½ͻޱ䣬ԸµأҪһ̽ʵ
Ǳĳ۹ǿߣһ֣ǳԶμҺҡ
ˣҲõۺ͹ʦָʾҪڽڲҪտˣ򲻿ɳʲô⡣
λǵ۹屦ԪĶ󣬲ܳ¡
µ۹һ磬ߣԶʤιߣɨһȦЩʧţҲ˰ˡ
ԱߵīЦһ˵µ۹ѹƶ꣬òðͷһνţɱ̫𡣡
µ۹ᱻǳ۹ͼι̬ȻƺļᶨΪʦˣ¡ӭţΪԹʦ˺ʹ۵Ľ飬Ϲһսµ۹ҪԹͶ
ȽģӦŮʱ¡īЦ˵
⻰һ󸣬ˣɫ䡣
ιīԪڵʽӣ棬ҲҴʴʡ
˿̣˷ȻΪʵۺ
ңǻǷ½
λµ۹Ůɱ˲֪ٳ۹ˣûһ۹ˣġ
õĳ۹ߣĶų⣬ֲΥۺ͹ʦֻӲͷƤ
ˣҲأϣǸô˵ô˵
۹ܲԕFճƾʲôµ۹ͥ»һȻǵһģģǳ۹Ĺʦû۹ȻǬ½׵ĵ۹Ǳµ۹ѹţ
⻰һЩ۹ͣˡ
ܲԕFǰѹ۹ͬʱһأ˽֪
Ȼµ۹ǱߣΪ۹ǿʢҪ鹦ܲԕF
۹ڲȻ˿˵
һܲԕFڣͬһˣҷϲɣ
ƫƫڳģŶιīЩߣǺܲԕFһʱȻе޹ߡ
Ǹų˵
ڵ녣»ôһ˵ҲĬˡ
녵ɫͬеѿ˲ˬ
Ԩǲǲ֪ǵݣ
ռҵȻվеԨԣ˵λжιǸīЩͱԪУҡιī곤꣬Ǳ۹϶ΪΪܲԕFĹ֮
ԨЦС˵ܳΪܲԕFۣ
ԴǼĲм˿Ρ
֣ǶιīȲˣ츳Գڡ
ˣûпִܵܲԕFĸ߶ȣԺԴ½¶Կ
ԪȻǿʢںҲ½ħͬǿ߱ǶιīƢ԰裬ҲǬ½µ۹磬õͲ
Цʲô
ī»һ꣬䲻Ԩ˽ԨԼͶι˵ļЦ̡
龳ĳûڽأѾˡǽʱȻ˲֪Ҳ֪ʲôСġü˵̡
ûп¾µ۹СļԨȻһЦٴ˵ЩӿͨҹĽؿڣҪͷλ
īЩɫô֪ǰҪǺԸЩꣿ
ԨЦ˵Ȼǲµġ
˭
ι㶣ָԨȥѯڵ녡
녺ԼһҪɱ£ǰΣι֪ģԲдһʡ
ΣԨʱҲܱŤ³ǣݼҵԨ޵δ򡣡
δҺҮīҲЦˣЦݻãǲһ𣿡



һʮ ڿӣ
Ԩ֣ڳ۹֪޵δȴ
ޣϾ飬Ϊµ۹һҫ۵
ڴУעᱻԴ½۹ӡ
ഫԣΪ˽ֵλµ۹֮ŮСһָΪδ
δƫƫǸҷϣûʲô츳ջجج
޵δ򣿡
ιһ¶Ȥ
ͬīɫеľŨԨԵޱ
Ԫڣ˵һš
һλصʦ֣еһճҵҪԼ֮кѹƣɡ
λʦ֣Դ½ţĿ
ͬԴ½ڵߣƫһѪҲΪͬԣļϡ
ι֪ͬǬ½ޣڴϴµ쳣ء
صͬʦ֣ศɡ
ڵĴϣʵṳ̂Դ½֮ǰͰаźһС
ֻڣԼ衢ҩθһأ޺λ档
ޣΪλʦֵа£λʦƽͳҵ
֡
ιֹһ䡣
Ժλϵ˽⣬źΪޣװ׵سΪλʦֵа£
Ҳ˵µ۹δ򣬲Ӧûڡ
˵ĻԼҲˡ
ԣ
Ů󸣬һ䣬ī˵ζֻ£ǲһζã
īη壬㣬ѵã˫ƾУ
ιīڶ۹ǿߣһԲ
ƽҹĴߣȻҲڡǼȻڳֺûֻ֣ԴǣȻۺ͹ʦǰԸˡ
Ȼǲ֣ڣʲô壿
īһʹһҲã

ԨͻȻЦԪڵСǰɣΪ꣬Ǭ½ĳ۹һ
Դ½ԪڣҲͨӵĴûʲôʵĵط
һ㣬ʤ츳ԪڵӣӦñȱȽǡ
Ԫ㣬УԪںͳ۹ʹȻ
û㱳ļ壬ûг۹Ĺգ㼫Ԫʲôǰ
˼˾̹ϣϲҴ
ԨҾ
ǰӴ̫νţԴ½ڣʲô׶εߣʲôŻõӣѩ
һܹţÿһλšǰЩǿ
ߵɽٿιīһ࣬ϡѰ
ƫƫҲ֪Լǳ֪ڲвԽͬڡ
ֻǬ½ȥڰųͽЦ
īһŽһƬ࣬Ĺ
Ԩʼ磬ۺ͹ʦķԸҲΥҲ֪ⷽزֻ֣ܶǿ֮Ļкβң
ƬزУԺأī䡣
Ժ󣿡ԨȻʧЦô֪Щаִܻȥģ츳ٳڣԪҲࡣ
Ϊӣ䲻ϣ츳
һϯ˵꣬µ۹Щߣƽкá
һ뵽ιīݣ뵽Է˿̵ǿƣסˡ
УǶΪԨ
󸣬Ŀʣͷ
ȲԨǷ³ç᲻Ӱ֣һǿڳܶˡ
޾η
īҪ𻰣Ԩһοڡ
ˣιī󣬴ӳ۹νߣһֿϿҵ˵λɿЩرϣ̻Ľۣ
Щۣ̲ŽУԻʶ룬ܿ̽
Ǿ粻㣬޷Щ۵棬Ȼۺ͹ʦķԸݹҾͲˡ
Ща飬ʱڣ»ˡλǰǡÿԳʱ䣬Ϥĸһдջ񣡡
ԨָЩۣԴС
ڵ녣ʶأŶͷɫ졣
Ի뽣ۣѪѣڶûָ
ҲòȻ֪ԺַʽϴˣҲ˲ᡣ
Ԩ֪ЩָЩ۰˾ڿӣЩ۹ͨ
֪ûܾܾ
ĴߣֻҪ֪̲شգǻǻ᳢Բ
ûˣܾܾջ
·ϣճ飬һٲ
ǰߣ֪һ㣬ðա
ԡ
ȻԨǷ׳󣬴ӳ۹һ·ŶЩߣ۷Ź⡣
Ե棿
ۣ̲Ž
СӣȻĳǲ
ܽûΣգ˵
۹ЩߣţԽιī׷׳뻯صұڡ
һʶ̷ݶұڵĽꡣ
Ǽ䣬Ԩ۹ǵĽâѸٳ
գ



һʮ ǹģ
ұڵĽۣܼȡǿ߻ʶԨ֪
²⣬ɺԵĻأӦľ߱ĳ漣
Եħ׹ԣˡ컯󡱵ۺģԴȪ
ǿͭ޹ףһѹȴλͬڵǿѶ
һ̣رʣĻܣһա
صĻܲ棬Ӧģⷽصġ컯Ҳʧȥá
녡Ĵڣǽ۵Ĳ͸ұŻܡ
۹еĽâķӦ
񣬳۹һڴ٣ӿڻء
ƼõĻ
С硣
ڵ녣ɥҡͷαأ
˲⣬ѩҲ΢΢üЩұڽۣĪ⣬Щ۹ߣ׳ڡʱ̫һĶһЩаִǺã
Ȼ۹Ͳˬ
ɲˬ鲻ˬۺܲԕFּ⣬ǰ۹ĴߣЩаִ֮󣬶縺ŲΡ
˿̱Ԩƻһһųʶ򽣺У¶ҪѲƤ
ʵڶаִǶ֣Ǻã
Ϊ˳һڶƺֵ̫ðɣ
㣬㲻öܣջǲ򽣺ۣȻҵĴ㡣ԨۣҲ֪ܹ
ۣ
ԪڵĶιī˰ΣҲʾ
Ԩ˳۵ļһʱ֮Ժѡǽܱߣ̲صĽС
Ԩû˵
ιīڳ۹ν֮ӣСԪѡУ¾
ûȥԴ½ṳ̂ǰǶýȻŵĴӣᱻ
Ȼ
ǳɹԪڵʦţǲףǸ죡
Ǭ½۹ǿھ
Ԫڣһ㣬Ǭ½½Դ½ѡеĵӣȻ࣬ȴޱȳڡ
ˣֻеλѡ
ԪڣûиһȣͬһʦֵУ
ͻĴʶһпʵֻǳ۹š
أڵԪڣʵϡѰֵ㾡һࡣ
ȡвϣԪҲݸ˵ľ硢츳Ź׻֡
ԪڣõԴʵ㡣
˻ع۹뿴ܷͨļ壬һھĺ͵ҩܹѸٴ΢׷ǰʦֵܵĲ
½Ǭ½ضʢСأ֪˾ǸԵƴ˵ĳײ
Щۣһųǿ
ݴ磬ǡ
ЦӯӯüĿ续öǹģ
ԨͷϤֲǰһλô
黵죬ЦסûЦͦõġ
򽣺۱شѪС
Ѿ֪۲Ծ΢ϵߣмɱǾ΢ǣӰ졣
Ԩڿӣ۹Щġ
ٿԨʱ΢;ÿţ˳۲١
Խأޣλĵ۹뵽ʧǵأ߶߶Ķȥ뵽޺Ԩľ
¾ģֻҪƽص۹߾ȫɺݼҵĹϵ
ƾһԨֵռңͷȥϸ
ι
ԨһƲīԣЦأû˵ͱ˷ʱˣľΪǿ͸ġ
С
Ԩɨ˶ιһۣҪʱĿԲ졣
Ƕιɫãͫг˸һҫ
λԪڵҵӣųرһ齣ۣȻӦƳС
ֻǣ޵ڵĶιͫĳ˸ŷеаţ͸ŵŹֺɭ
īû취Ƴرڽ۵İԨҪ쭣ҲƳԾ
أʦͬŵĶιʼЩ㯣һʦ֣㣬еʦֹİ
ԪڵߣȻ͵͵УħڵĳħԨͻȻˣħڵĳħǴڿʼڿ΢ǰмʶٺ٣Դ½ԪڵӣȻ޼½ħڵķȤ
ιΪ׷ͬʦֵĲгħһ£֪
Ӧǣǰɼ˿ʶȻ޷뽣ۣ֪еİ
ֻǣһ¶Ԫھû֮ˡ
ϧˡ
ڵ녣ϸһۣҡͷ̾
֪Ӵ֮Ԫھûжιˡ
㾳΢ȻءԨƤЦⲻЦأī˵ʦ㣬᲻һΪ˾ףҲ͵͵иħĻȤˡ
ۣ
һڳŨѪӶιӿ
Ȼء
ү
ͬʱμһǿߣǿаѽ۵ɢ֮ٴؾ
λյǿߣĸߴһϮ쳤ۣ⡣
ؾ۵һԨһЦҲһ·Ӱ
յߣֵ񣬺ȻҲǳħħ޵̬



һʮ ٿȻޱ䣡
ħħֱΪħͳħ
ħǡѪĴ죬ͥĹеŵѪԳܵƿá
ħϴӻǣʶ
ħศɡ
³ǵԯħͬޣɳħУ;ͳ⣬߻ħʹû衣
ǰĶιӦûгħֻʱΪ죬ļ޳ħ
ħ΢ǰӵʶ
ħ޵ĺãǰʶܽϿ΢
ִ΢תԪڵһЩϴʶħĺۼҲһ·ӡ
ֻǣԪںͳħڣҵ·ӣһһħˮݡ
ΪԴ½ڣԪȻǿħһأ½ѪսʱԪڶѡħڹ
ԣب֮ǰԪںͳħԨԴ
ԪճΪԴ½֮һħȻδڼ½ΪħȻʵͬС
֮ԪںͳħڣǳĲ·
ιΪԪڵӣ͵͵бܶһ١
޳ħڵħһԪڵ֪ɡ

λͬԶμҵߣɢ󣬻ȼյĻħģٴξӿ
ôһƳԨ֪λ޵ħҲǳħڵġ
Կ϶ڶιħģǴˣ
һҲ۷Ϊѽ֮ܵƣĶࡣ
ˣ·Ҳһڳ۹ǿԮУΪǿݵλΪٵλ

녻Ȼ𣬻һ⣬ٿȻ
һ֧֧Ȼǻеð׼λ쳤۵ĸߴߡ
䣡
녳ƺΪߣһġ
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ͯӰڰ֣Цݿ䣬Īٵȵȣµ۹ЩߣѾ;ִܿ
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𣡡
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ҵԣüͷһ˵³ǵߣԼҵܽͷ˵ǰΪѸ;
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Сӣĺͷ컯޼䣬Գ뻯ء



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صĳصףԨЦ档
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ͷһ֪Ҫе飬ϫǿ꣬ڶʱµĻأȻܵõĻ֧š
ʱ컯󡱽ٴת
ҪӣѪսֲǣҡ˼⡣


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һͷˮеŪ׶μңڳ۹˽֮Уʲôɫ
Ҳ᲻г۹ߣǱǺϫܾ֮ʣ֮
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쿴һ䣬ԯ޺Ȼʧɫ

޵ĺԯԸе͵ҷһѪ֮ڡ
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ԯԸˣǶ޺϶£ƯڻϣԨͷܿİա
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ۣ
һѪ⣬͸ԯ磬Ѫɽ
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ֻǶԷԨ̸һ



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а飬ѻȸ㣬Щ֦Ϣš
аֲı۾ˣھǣϫԨ̸ʱ
ռСֹ
ħϫŤͷȻһЦ㲻ŮˣϾĻ
͵ͣס
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Ҫϫ仰ðȻǰԯˣǰٿĪ硣
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һѪ⣬ͼԯڶ
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Ӷ֪ʼնڣڰ³ǣڸ
⣬ǰڰ³ǣݼѾ߻ԭ

ԨЦݣɫƽͣһأŻʵǡ
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Ԩϣֵָͷأʼָħϫ
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׹ϫ£˲䷴ӦС磬ҺͰ׹ͬӦ֪ħһ壬ǧٹ֣ÿһͬ
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ϫɫһ࣬һ˵治֪ڲʲô䡣ΪηĴ󣬻ͻȻʧЧ
ҲţûпԨָָ񷣬ǿͭ޹ף½ѣǺӵĳû

ħϫ˵ͭ޹׵λֱǵȥأ
ģԨ°ͣ˵ģָ
⼸λأ׹֮⣬أأϫλ̬Уηس̶ȣȻˡ
ĵףΨλڵĽɣֲĽɫ
ǵѪӰвԶһޡ
ħʡħ׹ͺۣƺҪϾ׷ϵ˼
˵ͭ޹׵λ棬һͷ
λûи֪ıҪ䣬ԨѼ뻯أͻǵѪӰ˵ǸûŪǰţӦýаɽʩڳϵģѪ̵طѪ󷨶԰ɣ
ѪӰ޲
С磬׹ʣҲȤҺֽ֪ںδϫСвֻǣûʧļ䣬ûа취ȫֻҵҲ
˷ˣҸ㡣Ԩ΢Ц
ǿɲСϫҡͷһϢȡһҪĶĶࡣ
е뵱ȻˡԨͻȻ˵
ʲôϫ֮ŶŮȻΪ㡣Уʵû̫Ҫˣ
Ŵ˻ԯȻȴû˵ʲô
֪Ԩᣬʵĺ
ؼʱ̣Ԩһ㲻⡣
˵뵱ȻΪһж֮УʵЦԨٿϫٴζǵѪӰɽǰ㲻֪㻹жԼļʶϣ㣬ҪħĹƻ󣬷뽫˸ˡ
ϫȻʧЦС磬ǲеġ
ݼңѾݴ˶İ磬ֱϵá޵Ѫ󷨣Ӧ˸Ӧ֪ڣѪԴͷԨֻǣֱؿǵѪӰѾͷδӺңܳںĿģ̷Ҷꡣ
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ϣŵҪڽػõĶһ㡣
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Ԩ͵֣ס֫Ƚס
лǰ



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³ǵĳˣڶ޺и£ԨС
ԯķ֫Ŵɢݵ㣬ԨȻһǵѪӰ⡣
лǰ
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˽ʱԨ۹ڵĽâͽȡ
£īɫĻܣӯٶȱ죡

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һӰǱĳǣǾʬȻӶֱӱקرڵĽۡ
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֪ΪΣܾãڳа飬ޣΣյıǰɽ

仰ɽλͻȻµ۹롣
ص׵Ԩֻܿգɽµ۹Ǳߵɱ޷
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ûнԼµ۹ԨΪ׵ģһµ۹ߣ޸顣
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ɴ˿̣ӷ·Ŷιһζݡ
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УһĽɫǻ

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ֻԥһӣ͵ͷ˵ߣ۹룡
뻯زԶģЩµ۹ߣҲҹҼ


ʱʱأһ飬һشرƬ뻯صĳرڡ
īɫܣԨĽţؽӯ
ħϫڰգҴصĳصס
ţµīɫܣߣϫҲǲأϷƯɣصףгرڵǼɵͲ
Ԩ۹ڣâȡ
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С磬һæ뿪ɺã
ϫȻһڰУԨҾ
뿪뿪½أԨȻ
ǡϫҡͷӺ뿪
Ԩһæΰˣ



һٰʮ 
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ؼ䣬Ψдﵽ񾳵ĴߣΪʵʵǿѿռڣ̤뵽Ǻӡ
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ռ䷨ĴڣԴ½ͼ½ߣһ䣬ִǬ½
Դ½ڣ½ħķѾʣ˴ռ䷨󣬺ŵĵӳϣǬ½츳ĵӣŴڷΪڻ
ռ䷨ÿһҪʵģ֡
ܽռ䷨ţ֮ۺ񣬾ޱȳڡ
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һռ䷨󣬰˵ܹ˵ͨġ
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ɡڣ½ߣһšһ뿪ɡı޼ɵǬ½ûͻ֮֡
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֪ʲô֪ϫҡҡͷҲ֪ռ䷨һˣʲôֻǾãⷽأԶûгͷ֮ա뿪ˣڣҲһ
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ϫδȻе緢һޱڴ顣
㲻֪˵ӺڣǺ֮⣬ٳ󣡡



һٰʮ ռ䷨
ݴ֮⣬ǺӹïҲСء
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Ӻ߳ڣԪǿߣǺΡɽĴڡ
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ħСǿߣܹΪ١
ڵԴ½Ĵڣ֪ԭ򣬱ɨ
ΣڵĲдߣ뵽Ǻӡ
ʱ꣬ڵߣǺӣĳЩδ֪֮أٳµ
Ϣȷ𾪵Ԩ
Ԩ˲뵽λǱͭ޹׵ʡ׹ͺ֮ԶǺӣҲҪڵؾۡ
λǿټʡ׹Ǻͺ۸Ǻ¶ǼΪѲĴڡ
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䣬֮⣬µ۹񾳽ߣͰɽֺɱ

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ԨָԼıӣռ䷨ܰʲôæ
ǽʱռ䷨ʱýƺϫȻüչʵ˵̤УҲûסȻõ󷨵ĽϿɣҾô󳹵γɺ֪
ԨȻĬ
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Ԩ꣬оصĵصףһš
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Ԩֽȣԯȡ
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ϫ󾪡
Ԩ·Ŀռ䷨ʲôԨԴԯߣʼոǰѰֽȣܲ飬һռ䣬ء
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Ԩһ
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ϫųصףɫǰĻּ̿꣬˷ܶС磡ǰӣƺ˻سص׵Ŀռ䷨󣡡
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ԨȻɫ
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Ԩ΢ֻԼ֪޷ӽݡ
Ȼϫǿڣȴܿǿ쭶Ľ⣬һ͸ĹŽЯŲͬĽϢնɱ顣

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ԨĬȻ˰Σŵħϫ¶һЦݣܵĳӯҪ˵ģϣǽӡǺϢĶ
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Ԩŵħϫ΢Ц˵
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׸ϣħͼڣûɣᵽϤϢҪðɿ
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һöɽĽӲӵ裬һСĹ㣬ٿȻð
ԿţĹģŽɫ֭Һ
ǽɫ֭Һ̲Ϊ貵Ѫܻˣ׹⡣
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ǣǺðɡ

ħϫûһӰ뻯֮ȻܹҴ档
ߵ⣬һֻĻӰնɱ
ͼƻԨǱڻصײռͨͯϫջһɫ⣬Ҳرڽۡ
Ͻ⣬׷ɱ飬µ۹Щߡ
дģ뻯ԽԽԶҲҿ
һˣѪӰеİɽûܽ׷ɱ
⣬ܽͬȻ
ݴ硣
ܽڳϣСЩУ˵ɲԣҪɱλطǰ
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رڵĽ⣬㣿
˵仰ʱ촽
ܽްǵǰԨĬѪӰɽͬûбѾ˵˺ܶණ
ԨӰЩ⣡
Ȼˣ֮⣬ڶµ۹Ĵߣǵ
֮޵Ĵ󲮣ı𣬺Ԩûйϵ



һٰʮ صİ
һԯҲ޷
Ԩ˰³ݼӵܣ
Щ⣬ܹΪãµ۹ߵ㵽ͷϣ
ٶһ֪Ԩµ۹л·
ݼңҲ˶Ѫϴ
ոտڵܽԯı飬Ȼ
ܽһף΢Ͱ͵˵ˣңҲǸ˼ҡ
ſ磬ȴʲôԽڣ˿̶ò԰
Ĵɽɽ֤
ԨӰЩرڵĽ⣡
ôԵڶµ۹ߵԨ˵壡
޹ء
Ԩ΢΢üԯ˵ԼЩ⣬ֻܽԼϲãһֻ˵ҪˡͷܽͰɽǰûб
ԯŶͷɬ̾һһҪȫڡ
鷳Ԩۡ
ԯ˵һ¶طµ۹º׷ͲС鷳
鷳
ɿ۵Ԩԯĵףһɺھðˡ
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ԯĺе㲻˳ˣԨСӱҪɴ˭ס㣡
ͻȻ䣬е־Ԩ
ЩӳرڷĽ⣬жôĿֲոĿá
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ڶལս֯ŰЩնɱµ۹ߡ
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ڶīɫܵľۼ컯󡱱ȻʱŽԨܴɱУ
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ԼôŮʱ½ô۹ǿɼţµ۹ʵ˲󽵣۹᲻ᱻ̲ˣ
ԯԽͷԽۡ
Ժ飬Ժ˵Ԩһϣ۹ЩǰܻĺúõģҪڽ棬Ϳʼ˵˵
ͻȻ䣬һ޾ıˣӻصײӿ֡
ǰǿҶģѰؿռ䲨ƣƱĸƽ
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Ԩȥ룬ľֻ꣬Ϊһʶ͸
гرϣڶལĴڣк޾⡣
֪⻯ڣЩӳر룬Ϊӡڱ۹ǣǰȫġ
ûˣܹնɱ
Ӳܡ
ΨһвģԵԯ
ţλ³ǵĳˣʱ̣벻Ĺ
ˣ۷ɳһʶ㰲ĵأǱ䡣
īɫܣûκεִ
ǹʶ紩͸һˮƿһεǽĤͻȻ䣬㵽˻صĳصס
ħ޺ĿֲǵϮһʶ̼
ۼˡĸӺ֣Ŵ򱶣һƬ谵ţλبʹĽǣѹء
ĸӺ֣ϸȥ·Ŀźɫ̫
ɢīɫĻ⣬䵽·
˵УĻһ·谵ѹš
ħ޺ĿֲǱ˵£Ʊࡣ
ԨʶҪȴĸӺֱӻţв㣬ǿشš
ڻصµأ꣬ǳرڵĽۣƲá
Щۣ⣬ĳֹƺ⣬޷Խ
Ȼһ֡
⣬ЩرڵĽۣұ۹ǵĽ꣬һϵأ֮µģѹռͨԴڡǰӣĸӺ֣ڣ
ƺһӾͷӦ
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ʶⷽռأ翪ۣƾ߱ʵӾ
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΢Ŀռ䲨ʱ
ÿÿħ޵ĺУİнħƴأҪ̤ⷽأһ١
Ԩ
ڰλͯӣֻ꣬Ȼʱ̣ӡǸϵĺڣƮƮس
㣿ԨһǰƿذֽȵģҲ㣿
ҡڰͯӣ˵ͷǸħƻ㣬Ϊá³ҲǸʱ򣬽ڲأȥ֤ͨ
ֻܣҵķʽȥѹµͨ
ڰͯӽ͡
㣬λķֻ꣬λѣԳռͨΪûȥɻԨȵȻ½أȻڵΪʲôû
ҵˣ˱ӡڰͯӺһģħֻ˵ū۰ˣáˣܿЩħܹǣ档
ЩһΪܹһҲħСϧʵã粻㣬ħƻΪħ
̤Ǻڵ¡ɣڵңֻƬأҲְء
ֹħ롣
ڰͯӣ˵



һپʮ ע
һߺڣһ߰׵ͯӣգ۸·
ħֵĿ޺һƬİĿռ𵴣Ȼӿ
ÿʱĸģ̫Ĺ֣ͳ·ʩѹ
Ԩһʶע⵽콵أ
νأ˿˿īɫܣ
ϸ֮󣬾ͻᷢ˿˿Ƶīɫܣ㣬ϴ䡣
ⷽռϣǻصĳصס
īɫܣȻҲڻأ˳رڵĽۣնɱµ۹Ĵߺ󣬻صס
īɫܣ֮ע롰ۼˡĸӺ֡
̫˶ĹӺ֣ɢīɫ⣬˵һƬݵ죬ѹȥ
ĸӺ֣𵽵ģƺýá
ռͨȻӿ춯
Ԩ棬ܹǺӵͨǧǱأ컯ѹ
ڻӿͨһˣħλһҪɵͯӣģôͣⷽصĴ󣬾ʱὫأ׽
ԨȻأ
ܶ꣬컯Ȼڣǲ˽ġͯϸͣΪ컯ȫʱĻܡصĴڣܵĳ棬ѹռͨ
ˣ컯Ӧ⿪Żʹء
ˣڵħ׹ۣ׷ȫ
컯ȫתĻܣټⷽأصĻܣٴһءߵ£ռͨһˣǧӿǬ½ħ˸Ӧ
ԣŵ¿ռ䲨ݡռ𶯣ЩħʩչͨӿͨҪ
أرڿӡЩۣᵽΣŻᱩѡ
ΪֹЩֲħ˿ռͨ޲أնɱܱܳӯص顣
ΪֻбŻصĻܷ棬пסռͨ
е¡
Ԩܿ׹ռͨһˣҲŴ򿪣
Ȼͯӵ˵ͷȻͲлصĴˡţӦϣͻˡ
˵ħϫǺأħƻţҪӦԨüͷֵǰҲðɽ͹Գȥµ۹ߣܣ绯ذ
ûѰֽȣûĸϺ֣ЩڵĻܣⷽռ䡣ָָͯͷ˵ǻȫ컯󣡡
ʲô˼
컯һ񷶥ܸ⣬ڱĸ֪·ռ֮ͨʣ᷺ӿĿռ𵴡˿ռ䲨ûз컯ڱΣǬ½ﵽξǿߣʱӦ
ȻأԨʡ
ȻϢͻ˲䴫ݳȥԴ½ڣ½ħ۷ߣ½ӵĴ˲ִˣЩħܽռͨ򿪣
ͯһ룬ǧħ֣̤ءǺûͣʱǶռҽǬ½ļá
ĸҲߵĻʯ
ΪͯӣԺأ壬ħľףȻʶ
Ԩٴѯ˼䣬硣
ǰѰֽȣȻľνԿס·ռϵ
ûֽȣܵħϫƻնɱµ۹ߣĻӯء
컯ߣܲصص׿ռ춯
ܣעµռ䣬ħͻ컯ΣնĿռͨ
󣬱Ƶħ࣬ǿսڣ˲併١
Щħ࣬Ǭ½۹ߣ已ˣΪ֮
ǿħ࣬˻⣬Ǭ½߻׬⡣
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ö֮ؾͻֳƣ̬δǺ֮ħռ
пܣȫݺأⷽˡ
ԨʵЩ
һʶţǡۼˡĸɫӴ֡
ף
ͷһңĸɢīɫܵĹӴ֣Ȼ׳š
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ÿһԳһСأûϷܣϵţһǧڲеС
ĸ֣ѯʡ
ۼĸ֣Сأһѹͨͯӽͣĸֵ⾳֪ôȥӡǰѰֽȡֽȵĸ֣ⷽռ䣬ĸۼ˱ʹϵ
ֽڣʧȥ⾳¹룬ĸʹڵСռ䣬Ϸܣٴλ죬ռͨ塣
ҿǿռͨǧ֮ڣ¶ѱƿ
ͯӺǰȻ
Ԩϸ֪Ҳĸ̫ĹϺ֣ôڡ
ǣһԻܣ½صĲӶɵ
ʵʵڵ
̺ģĸֵ⾳;֪˰磬ӡǰѰֽȡ
ԼԵǡ֮£õѰֽȣ룬·ĿռͨпĿܡ
ûĸֵ⾳;ⷽռ䣬ĸ壬޷Ϸܡ
תһ룬Ԩ־ãܵõϿɣҲšۼͻЯǰѰֽйء
ڤڤ֮У·ע
ˡ
ͯһƴԨⷽռ롣
һԨǵʶͻع顣



һپʮһ ͨ
سصס
³ǵĳˣʼԨ࣬ٴС
ߣأŰɽ
ԨһѪ壬͸򻯻سصףԯ֪ġ
Ԩǿߣܹ֮󣬻ܱɻ
СۼͻԨ꾫ܹһע뵽ص׵ռ䡣
ռ䣬ֺͿӡۼˡĸֵˣԨԴ
ˣģԨСС龳ȴ£ܿӵռ䣬֮
һ뿪Ԩ˿̻Ǵڻ״̬
ʧ˻ꡣ
ԯ͵ģλһѪѪ̳ϣᵽԾԨ֡
ǰɽûκ춯
Ѫǵİɽ죬ͫѪɫ罻֯
ֱأŻصĳصס
ܿĶԯĶࡣ
ҰڣصĳرڣһӡŵĽۣȻԨӡ
Ԩֱۡ
رڵĽۣݳν⣬һߣǣԨֱۡ
ƺֻҪЩԸ⣬ľż㣬ٿԨֱΪնɱһڡ
⣬ۿɼʶܴĽ⣬Ҳڰǻ
вٵ飬һ̣ٴصס
ɳɳɳ
ͻ촫
ɽͫһѸٵ
Уһñ񣬲֪ӺδǿմӲơ
䣡
ݻ֦ɣǼ䣬ҫԡ
ţһƬƬҶӡŲľƣȫʵʻ
ÿһƬҶڴ˿̣ȻĶ
ԯһݣ̧ͷţһƬƬ޴ҶŻƮ㡣
ϢЩ޴ҿֲҶоδ֪Ǻһľǳҡҷ
ԺУ
ֻһѡ
һ˲Ľ⣬貹ӣ֯
ƮҶһƬһƬ˶ǳȻ
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δصףȫɢ
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Ҳնɱˡ
ܽһϲͲܣȥѰλǰ
ˣѲ֪١
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Ҫ˶ãԳλǰͻᲽ󳾡
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໺
һ춯ңԶմ
ܽͰɽԶԶȥ߽ܿ׵ĹԳڸ߿УŤϲ
⣬ӨӨĹϴ
ͷԳʳɫѪط϶
꣬Ҳ˺飬һƵسصףֱĽǣ뻯ء
ʱкܶ׷ɱµ۹ߵĽ⣬ͺȻˡ
ٽ⣬׷׻ع顣
ԯҲͻȻע⵽أīɫܣ͸صס
صףҲûзһ˿ռ䲨
档
һ̣ȥԨͻȻ
һԨǵ۾ͱ鶯
ЩҲˡ
һХһλֵĺڰͯӿдԻ̬ӳصðͷͯӣԨ
Ԩ˵ͷӦõġ
ڰͯӸмأЦЦȻɳء
úλֻ꣬ȴӹԳ꿪ʼʳƻȥ׳
Ԩ
ԯһرڷݵĽ⣬ɱˡǹԳҲɱصףô£
Ԩ
ܽͻȻһУߺȵ˺λǰ
ʱֻλıδ󺺣һЮţҷڻϷ
ݵ˴󺺣ӵⲻ財
⣬ֱģףĽ⡣
Ĵ󺺣ֿ죬ȻЦСѾͷҡˣͱˣֻʣڡҵһѪǲˡл꣬ⷽأֻҪһãϣˡ
ϣҲǲڵġ
Ĵ󺺣ѿڸУһЩ֮
һ죬ɳ㹻߶ȣͽһЩ飬ɱɾ
еһЩʱĺ⣬κΡ

ԯһߣ̷ߡӦñǵһߣ㣿
㻹ûа취ġܽ
Ĵ󺺣ҡҡͷ졣
ԨԯüͷԵԨͻһɫã죬е۹Ĳдߣڽ֮Ѱˡ
³ǵܽվڳϣҲ
ɽУѪһҲ
Ȼ
Ŵ󲿷ֽ˻أųص׵ġۼˡ⾳ǹǴĿռͨͱѹ
رڵĽ⣬ڵ壬ǿռͨܳҡ
·û춯Ȼ
һ˻أµ۹ţԶԶˣȻˡ



һپʮ 
رڵĽ⣬ڻȱ֮ʣΪзܣȥѹռͨ޲ġ
ߣɱĿꡣ
Ϊռͨǧħӿ룬롣
Ȼ㹻Ļܣע򡰻ۼˡĸӺ֣ܱ֤ĿռͨתЩɱ¾󣬾ԡ
ȣǹԳĴ֡
ڽĸ֪УҲãԳҲգ塣
ࡣ
ܶ࣬Ǳ½ѹģȦ
Դ࣬رڿӡЩ⣬ȻȻɱ
ģµ۹ߣڻܳ£ˡ
ˣԽӽʱܽСģð
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ܿ죬һˣؾڻء
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Ѿͷ
ϽԪ꣬ܽԣǵͫҫ˹âӰ³Ƕܽǰɣ
ܽͷæүү
ǡ
Ԫ۾һɨͿЮƣһƽâźġ׵ģıδ󺺣ʲôϵ
һռҵ죬༸λǿߣҲ˳ƿ
ܽСǻңͰ͵˵ҡ
Ԩ
һλСŻҺɫ۵壬ݶأͻȻصףҷҵķ룬ڽسڣǰһöһѶݻ˷ҡ
ԯȻǰ˵ʲô
Ԩü⣿
µ۹ģдλߣ˿̾ۼڻصϷûмں
ǣĿǰҲŪ״
ǰģԶѾλͬߣҲĨɱ
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Ƕ֪ʲôô¡
ͻȻ˵ǰһȻǵĺ档
죬㶣˵֮ǰδ
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һߣȻԨ
ûнӵѪİɽʱЮƵλıδ󺺣˵ħϫһйԳǱرڵĽɱҸǰѾͷ˵ϣˡ
һۣλĴ󺺡
ҺͨҲ˵ƿ½صĽ飬󣬡кܶħǱɱġôĻⷽϣô˵صġ
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һﰵָǵ顣
һͻȵôرڵĽ⣬ǷһãλѪ̵ĳǰɣΪʲôû
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ǵ۹εļȴնɱɢͻȻԨ˵۹Щɼߣûжϵ
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Ԩ㣬Կһ½⡣ۣλĴ󺺣мһѪİɽǶڵ۹ܶѪȵࡣңǱڽأ㡭
ôԨ
ʹЩ⣬ɾɡ棬СҴкԺ̸һ̸ռҺݼҵСףС鷳ѡ㵫ɷģص۹һطȥݼңүүŵǸ
죡ȡ
ڰ֣ʾҪ֪ǵ۹ſѾˡֹܶ۹֮ӣкһ̤ͬģ˲ʹ
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ڹؼʱ̣쳣侲û׷Ԩûиϵ
ģǾ͵۹޹ص
ӶȷԨܹܽԣ˵ƿ½ص󷨡
ȷһ㣬бĲԡ
̣㷮ҷһʱҲᡣϽһ˵Ե쳣ѸԨҲûʲôϵ
һˣڣȥ̻ԨƺһʶȤر졣
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Ϊλɽ󵹸ܻ꣬׽ԯԨУʾˡ
ʵ
ԨڳصףλؿڣһϽ֣ȷʵӰЩ⡣
Ԫ죬¶ο֮ɫӿɽ̣
ңý⣬նɱλԨֵ



һپʮ ˭˭
Ԫ꣬͵۹δ죬ɫȻù졣
еοȻš
ڵ۹СҺ֮ƺŵԯŽ޵ͻȻɫ
д
ݼҵãвԨķокһڳڵɱ¾̫ˡ
κ˶ԨţԶͬ˵ͺ
ƫƫֻ龳ƿֽƵԨⷽأ߱ſֲɱ
Ԫ꣬ԳķʽȥԨͲԡ
ݴ磡
ܽҲѣȿλĴ󺺣ָϽȥԨ˵ǣǡ
Ļʵ˵ڡ
ݼңԼңµ۹ļ塣
Ԫ꣬죬ԴŮʱ£۹
Υ˵־ǲӵ۹Ǻ͵۹ΪУ
ܽٴһ뵽Լңˡ
Ĵ󺺣ֲᣬΣԼ٣˶ǰ£Ѹѡ
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ΪΣ
ǾȣǵһʶԨλɽǵ۹ˡλɱ˵۹ˣ£ΪβɱǣΪһĬһܽУ
ܶ飬Ȼģ֪ʲô
֮ԱԨôһѡҲҪû˵
Ůй֮ͨãŮԨԿԨ۹⣬Բͬ
ռҺݼҵСص۹󣬻һ仰£
ԨľܾǱŤһ⣬˵¿ηεĿɬ
λλǻڽرѹ
ԨΣ˵ΪǰһЩѡԿԲػɢܱ֤Ѳ½أڵ۹ɻˡ
Ԩ
һ֪ħϫԳѪ⣬л۵ؿڵ֮ǰڵ۹һѪ¾
Ѿ飬޷ĵģԣǾӦڽأǱѹ
Ԩǰɣ³ǵģЩ飬䣬һʹɱ䡣۹ΪʧʹкܶߣǶܶෲˣһҲͿ̿
ԨȻܽЩ⣬Ȼǵ۹񣬾ӦΪ۹ǣ
㣬ڵʲô

дŵģµ۹ߣ׷׳ԡ
˵ţϫЩ̤ǰйٶС
ңڵ۹Ĺʷϣ׹Ѫ⣬ͻȻΪ۹
߽ʱλĴ󺺣ֻǲмЦ
ڰɽҲһ
ԨʵЩ⣬ҵãŲǡ
﷽䡣
˾ǣλ󺺵һ⣬ٿسصס
һЦµ۹ȷʵɱˣµ۹ʱ򣬲Ҳǣ
ͻȻָϽңδµ۹ڶӱ㵱һ㲻֪
ԪãȻ
ߣŵشЦţһЦһ߻գʱǣһһӽ״̬ѡҲⷽأµ۹ȽȽǵĳŵһǣعأ
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µ۹ǿʢ֮ûسŵϵ½ߣٴѹ
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󺺺Ͱɽ͸ѶϢ̫ھˣԪꡢˣҲһãȻ
۹Ĵֽ̫ңԶҵµ۹ǶǼǰ顣
˭뵽µ۹ܳΪңЩĹͣ
ҪЩƻ󣡡
̱һаħ࣬ΪóƻĵĻԨΪʲôûЩûж
еԨλ󺺣ֿ򰲌ɽ߰˳ɡ
Լµ۹Թߵ̬¡
󺺵ͷԣͨԼ֪һ㡣
׺бɱԣȴͰ׹ϫͬǺ˵˵ˡ
ô˵Ķʵǣֹǵģµ۹ҵȱ档
ǽֹµ۹ɱ¾ǲ֮µıˡ
뵽Ԩ侲צķ̣ε˵ǱǸʵЩ⣬ƿز˵ġ
һ⣬Ӵ󺺱ġ׷ߣΪ֪ľı仯
ûɱģû˶Ȼ뿪
Ϊ̬仯ΪԷҵķ̣񡭡
ͣ
⣬ջ磬ŷ̶ȥ
ɣ

Ԫ꣬ɫ䣬
ԯ͵֣һѿסԨ۰򣬻ʧɫȵ侲



һپʮ Ի
ĵ飬վǷˡ
ԨԣԷ֣ڳµ۹ߣ⡣
ԨԵ۹ԾӣǵԼµ۹
ǰ³ǵĳŮʱµء
ڵ۹֮ʣԨٲһеغ۹ܳܣ
Ԩ㹷
ͻȻգأչһ鼮
ÿһɫ鼮תŲӲӱ⣬ڶСĽɫ֣Ҫ
Ӱһ·һ޴Ǿǰŵһɫ鼮ư㡣
ΪתѪƿȫ
˵һĽ⣬ôĿ־塣
ص׵Ԩɫ㵣ǷĻȡ
ҲûԤϵֻı仯涯
λĴ󺺣û˶ɱģ뿪
÷̰ۣžӦŤͻľı仯Ҫ
졢ԪԯѾЩ⣬ţ˵Ĺϵƺôڣı䲻⼸˵뷨
ԷңԭԭûøС
̵ԣҲ겻ѣۿŽԣӰһ̵һ
ԲŲʣɽ
ͣͣ
һ⣬ԴӳرڵĽۣŶ
⣬ٲϡ
иϸ緢ĽâУؼ
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⣬һУԴڽȥĹϽɡ
صģֿѺţÿһâͷŶ
һӲӵ鼮ͻȻ˺ѣŲȻֽҶǱɽ֭ˮȸȻɢ
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ѧ峵ľӴ壬̵ͯΪʶֵũ䣬ڹµ࣬ѧϰι
ǧɫ֣ЩɳҫⷽأԡڲӲӽС
Լ䣬ɼһλ壬£ƴʱѳ鼮ʶ顣
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ķѣٴۡ
ĽɫģӬ㣬ռռ䡣
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ӰձɢţڻΪһйӰʧ֮󣬹վڿС
֮䣬ֻһɫ顣
Ǳ飬˷ĳλ棬̤Դ½֮ǰͻġ
飬νǷһ´С
ԣⱾɫ飬Ƿλ׫Դ½ĺܶλŵķ棬ҲԴ½ء
ۣ
һѪӷ̿Ǳɫ顣
ɫ飬Ѫɣâʢ
̣
ϽԪ꣬䣬͵ص˵㷮ҵĴ֮Ѱ㵲һ٣Ҫ
üͷ˵⣬Ӧø֪㷮ҽɫϢˡ
˶ӳرڽɳĽ⣬λ´֮轵
ƣǷ污棬ûٶԷɱ֡
Ǳɫ飬ֻһЩѪϲûصƣû
ɡ
ɷƺף֮ûˣֻΪԭ
³һѪʩչطҪôұȫܵһжԨĴ
ҲԨϡ
Ԩµ֣
졢Ԫϣһۣλ³ǵСӣЩججǱˡ֮ʣģǽص飡
仰ʵ̫ڶ񶾡
ԨʮĻجج£ͽصϵͰɽĴ󺺣Ϊͬࡣ
ʵˣԨݼңΪԯ԰Ѹϵ
ֵģңͷϡ
Ԩڳصףʼ磬̬ݵǳرڵĽۣ⣬Һθɣ
û˺ǰƲƲ壬ڳµ۹ߣչ¶ԵģҲͷһλ
ˣ˶ĬϿ
Ԩкţ°ͣһλĴ󺺡
ոſЦģٱâƺĴ󺺣һ̼䣬Ĭ
ĪԨֹһ䣬ɽǰڣλҲˣΪʲôƫƫң
ͷ죬Ԫ˵ɱˣԼᶯָ֣
ˡСҾ΢ʵСﲻʲôæ
ͷʾ졢Ԫ꣬ܶĴ󺺣԰ɽ֡
УȻ
ƾǣδؾʤλ



һپʮ 
½ڲܲղ
֮⣬̫գҲӺ졣
գһƬտɫֻһС򣬰ƶ䡣
۹Ĺʦˣ԰̬ʱ̹ע·
ڷ컯ûгγǰԼӦ쳣ռ䶯
ɺܿ죬ǿռ䶯ʧӰ
֮˸ķ컯ûӯܺٴκ£
ٴ·ģǻɫƲ㣬·ء
͸ˡ

ȵ£һȻ֣Ѹٽӽ
УȻһλˡ
ݿ£һͷĺ췢磬ͦȼյĹУܲԕF
Ԩڴˣһϳ߱ڰ³ǳ֣ԯߵķҫ
ͬΪξͬԶΣҫһޱȳңһ籡ɽӿ¸С
ܲԕF̬ϢڣΡ
һԵңһΣǧ
ôˣ
ܲԕFڷҫ֮󣬷е㾪ȣȻأԻв˷ûᵽڶϢ󣬲Էġ
Щ꣬ˡ
ҫЦݺǰŵĴӣδ֮ڣİɣ۹µ۹û˭ҶԻ̤ԪڣԪڵطҳħڵİںϣһε
ܲԕFʱЦֿ࣬ܲܳΪħڵҲ⡣ģֻҪԪλܼ档
ۣûпʼ㣿ҫ
ڣȷʵһЩˡܲԕFɫݣۣҲϣңܹԪڣΪһλĳϡҵӦò׷ȥ֪ΣҺԪڵ顣
һҪǬ½Ϊ۹֮ףھ
Ϊ棬ЩͣͲǰԺǱ
ۣűȻܳɾܲԕFЩ뷨ѹ
ۣʶȤҫ
ʵ綼߹Ԫںͳ۹ĹϵܲԕF΢΢һЦ˵ԪУ۹ǣֻеСԨԴˡۣ֪ҵݺҲʲô
һգڳħڵǶΪħڵΪҸˡ
ʱ۹ͻأǳħڱš
ԪȻԴ½ڣڣҲһǳħڣЩǿ߱ΪͨߣԽԽࡣ
ҳħڣڶ֮ܺħ¡
ԪڣпԴ½ߴڵĳһǿʢȡ
ִ£ִۣġ
ܲԕF̸
˭벻λ۹ĹʦԪмӵģڳһϯλȴˣȻԪڵͷħڡ
棬ʲôҫЦʡ
컯󣬷һУʲôܲԕFüͷڶʱϸ΢Ŀռ䲨ѸƽϢˡ֮Ҳоˡ
ŶˣǲиԨСӣҫ
ԨܲԕFȻôһˣǳħڵĺܶ飬ǳμֵеķ̽ħָơôԨǬ½յͽܰɣ
ǣǸй򰡡ҫҡͷǰʱ䣬ڰ³ǣŷԯˡԯңĻ𶾣ԨġҪ֪޳ħ߻ħܻʴģжôŪ
ԨܿĲԾ֢ܶҩģ𶾸ʵ֡
ԯҲңϣտԨһ
ԯ˵ԨСӣпǼ½ĳλħͷݵһ꣬ɡ
ҫжϣλӦúǳħϤ

ܲԕFȻɫһ꣬ԨڣǬ½ûε񣬲ֻһ㿴͸档ǣ
עԨϣûпĴޣĺۼ
񣬶ĳһȻפӰԨһеĻǶԷ;磬ɲȵġ
ԯ²ǰ㣬פԨ꺣ģǳħΪԶҵĴҫЩΣҲΨ֪ģǱ½أк绽꣬Ϊ
ܲԕFŴԣȻĬ
ϵǰʱĹ۲죬״صϿɣ˷ҫжϡ
Ԩѱ½ħλڣƻᣡ
ˡܲԕFͷʣµ۹Ůʱ£ǲǼˣ
ǰոռҫһЦŮҰĲСҲΨҰģܳΪµ۹Ůʡ
Ǳߣҫʡ
Ϊáҫ
ˡ



һپʮ 
Ԩȷ̬ʹرڽ⣬԰ɽλ֡
αأ
ԯһԣϸȰ˵
ԨΪ
ãúã
ӷҶɫ飬ǷЦ¡
ĬĬ
һεΣӨѪѪǽɫ䡣
Ѫɫڣһöö֡
ȥ壬ڹžڵĲд·𱻻ѡ
Ǳɫ飬˲âǧɣ
Ҫˣ
ϽԪ꣬һҪֹ
΢΢üȻһ̾ųص׵ԨҡҡͷƺΪ
мλµ۹ӲͬǳؼǿߣٴοԨҲɫá
Ԩ̫ڿ
СС龳ֻ꣬԰³ǵݼң½أýϿɣһ컯ӦöԵ۹м㣿
صģǵ۹Ůʱ
ݼңܹڰ³㣬ܳΪһҲ̵۹ӻ
Ϊ۹񣬲Ϊ۹룬۹Ůʱ½ЩĲԣ
ԣܵ棿
ģΣ
ף
صīɫעһӺ󣬺˿˿ܣԨüķ
˿˿ܣ쳣ľ⣬κλǡ
Сۼͻһʱеͨ۹ǽ꣬ܳЩܣ˻ص
ƺصռ䣬·ġۼˡ־ǣۻܣѹĿռͨһ޴͡
ռͨѹ꣬ǧǡ
ǰٴξӿĻܣ컯Ļܾӿݳһ˿ƣһδξ֮ΪһʹͣԨʶ
Ԩֻ꣬꣬ԡۼͻܽ
л
ĵףͷ
һǣظ֪ص˿˿ܣꡣ
ͬʱ
ӻصĳرڣַ۲ɼĽâ
˽â˲Ѫǡ
Ԩһǻע꣬˲䣬õ翪ۣܿ
·ڴ״̬£΢
΢
ƼâѪ⡢ţϴĥǣؽǿ̹ͷ
ȥСɷħЩϽâϴ£Ѫǣڷ̥ǵı仯
Ԩ
ԯһ쳣硣
壬ڽŷޱԨ𵴣Խأץۣϲɫңû£
꣬صĻܹעǣâϴӶ
˫£Ԩ֪һӣ·ϣʵĻ
Դ½ڣǼ½ħҲûΪЩ˵ӣϴ裬ڵ͵Ⱦʱ
棬棿
ԯָŻأһӲӵĴ壬Ƿ̵Ľɫ߳ݵأҪ̤뻯ء
Ҳ
ԨӦһ䣬վվסˣô
һ£۾ϣľףʡ
ͨ꣬ͨеͷѾ֪Ƭ컯ڱεأҪ̫ãֻš
ʱؽ䣬䵽ɼĵصס
컯طҲܻӿڻأάϵ
ڵĽ꣬ڲúȥ
ӡ۹ǵģһ㽣â̺Ľ£ֻδ뵽΢֮󣬷Լʶа
ĻܣǵĶ죬ǽ꣬ǻأǳرڽۣĳл
лնɱһλλħɱڶĻسӯܡ
ⳡ컯ҪúõãڽܷΪ۷ڵҪء
֪
һӻԶĴط϶ͻȻ
λֻ꣬ڰͯӣƯһɫĻӰУ俴򷮺̣˵Ԩ˵㡣
ɨ죬ҪԪһۣˣŴ߳
һ䣬㿴ص׷϶һֻֻҸƬ飬ǣԼǻ
ЩҸƬ飬ǱؼȻ
ο޺һأλͯڡ
ͯอͣݾ׽ܿͽ飬˺ʳɾ
컯ٴûڼ䣬ԶԨ֣ǾѰ·ûѡͯ˵һ䣬ԶƮš
Ʈŵķ򣬺Ȼǳ۹
Ĵ󺺣ڸ߿ֱ۱磬Цһ㣬ỵ̂ڵϽ֡
ۣ
ɽģǾԭҲµ۹޵Ѫ壬ͻȻը
ɽһѪӰ
ѪӰĴӣֻ֪ӺζܵħϫʹģΪǿ飬׷ױץ
д飬׺թ֮кܶǲ
ȻûбĨɱɼ֮
ԶԶģЩ飬ô벻ͬİɽȻѪ壬ԻѪ̬ȥɱǡ
ûб¾ģЩ飬׷ײ
Ԫ컥һۡ
Щ׵飬ҲһԵԪ˲˾ģȻͰɽһԶ֡
ΪʵѿڼԶ֮Ҳôȥˡ
ڳرϣԥ֪úȥδӡ
ƴָλݼ棬Ҫصס
ɣ
һμȣ̵ַһӦ
Ƿ̣ûǡ


һپʮ ɻ

һɫģǴеĹ飬Ʈɶ
ʶ쳹ؼ䣬Ʋ磬Ҫ
ڶС飬ʶǱշգ̼䣬ҷ
Ϊǿ꣬Ҳ˻Хţͼ롣
ܷԴ½ʢһʱķҴ壬лԻ֮ͨߺϴؼۻ࣬
飬մȾҺۻ࣬ǱϴӵĿꡣ
һ淢׷ײܡ
һǳ⣬ֹӶ
ɽһѪ⣬ڳûЩû
ҵԪ꣬ͷ޴ĺɫ꣬أҲڷʳڶ飬Ҫͷɫ꣬ǿ
ֻ꣬˵ôһɽԪ꣬ѡ
µ۹ߣһ㣬ھ䡣
ıδ󺺣ڸ߿մͷ俴ỵ̂ǵЦݣζ
ȥ
̵һֻ֣ͻȻָ򻯻ء
λξ޴󣬽²ӲӣɫĴ壬ǻһλԶһƮͻʥϢ̤򻯻ء
һɫģһɫӣע롣
ӰһҲڻذ䶨ͷŶȥϴ跥ǵԨСӣˣ
֪ʱ˿̵ԨҪн׶Ρ
Ҳ֪ⷽأԻܣһƽ⣬Ԩ壬ȥ̥ǰɱ䡣
ֻŷ壬Ԩڿ־塣
ϣȰ
ص׵ԯҡͷң㵱ôȥˣ³ȵħϫá
ڳˣû˭ԯԨڽصĿ֮
ѼʶΡ
ԯԨǰ³ǣһλܱ࣬ƫƫ̻Цҿԯ㣬Ҳ⡣
һԯǵĸЦʱʧ
ܺԼɣ
ôһ仰һȣ䣡
´ķȱһŽɫ򣬺Ȼ䡣
Ҳڴ˿̣ӳرڵĽ֮УһȻ쭳
ط϶ڣнٵƥ貽âӦһ⣬类˶´塣
ϸȥ·Ӵط϶ɳһǹꡣ
ͣͣ
л־ֵģλ´壬Ľɫ򣬶Ȼ
ٵâһǣţǲӲӽش
´̬˲Իһδ֧顣
һģĳֵ·棬λ´壬дģһ˿Ǻ
ȡģǱʵĽɫ飬е֣һĵ
ֱʧ
û̫ãһӲӵĹ飬ͱͻɫûһ˿졣
ŵ汲뷮ҵƱЩâ䷲ΪһϡѰ鼮ûԡ
αأԯ̾

ٽâһ⣬Ȼһ罭ӵĹ⽣
⽣͵ն䡣
̵Ѫ壬Ժ꣬Ǽ䣬ͱնϡ
һĹ⣬ڷݶһţ˲ڻصĳرʧ
λͱˣҪԨ˼崫ұôԵģ˵
һֱţĹ⽣նǣԮ
ֻϧڶֵһ̣ӹ⽣ܳļµ
ңĺԪȰ衣
λ۹Ͻɻ
ѡԹۡ
Ҿ˵һλ񣬾Ȼص߶ɸꡣλδ󺺣ЦⷽأŶǿ²֪ɣ񣬻Σʬء
꣬ħ飬ҪôԹѹҪô
ʮλ뿪СƫƫˣôȰ˵һ
ںˣˣҲ徻ˡ
ЦģŻصܱߣ죬вдµ۹ߡ
죬̧ͷ
ҡɫ糣ڵȣⷽһ뿪ѾȫԼʧĲ֣Ȼֻǻ̬һܹܾá٣ֻҪЩһҵҾܻĺܺá
½صģֻǲֲл꣬ˡ
Ȼ컯ѹ
ɼȻԨִߣǰʮ׷֮Ԩ־Ӱһ´
ǣ̬
ţλڰķֻ꣬ɽĶһ
ģԼѽء
ǺϫһûаͨħҪռͨħڵ뷨
ȻҲϫô
ħӿ룬Դ½ͼ½ЩߣƣӦԣȻ޷ǡ
԰ɽ֮ǰĹԳ˵δĲʢǸ޹ء
ֻΪԼ
꣡
Ʋͻը籬
ģɫ񷣬ڱ˺ѡ
컯󣬶죬Դصѹգڶʱ



һپʮ ϴ跥ǣ
Һɫܲ񷣬类俪һ
ҵ̫⣬ˮк
εܱߴط϶ģһƽâһϽ⣬һݷǱڵص
ӿƲ߮ţһִ
вд飬˲
ԵģǽΪǿ飬Сģֱӡ
иཻ֯磬ܴĿƣֱʣûڲ֪ء
ʷƾõķ컯󣬵سصףĿռͨѹƲԸ̫ܣѡ񲿷ֿ
ܱߣŷ̵ʣµµ۹ߣذ侲
ҲųĬʱ򻽳ɫ꣬ûزдԪ꣬˼ţúԨιͨ
ѾͷҪذ
ıδ󺺣ۿգһȻܽһۡ
ԥ룬һ죬˵Ȱһ䣬ԨСӣ
һ䣬೤Ȼ
һǣĲлͷ
һ߰Ƿֻ㣬ų۹ķȥ
УֻʣѪ̳ϣɽһѪ⣬꣬Ԫ껽ĺɫ꣬ʳŽصĻʳ
֪ΪΣ½ؿڣµ۹Ĵ꣬ѡ۹λȥ
صס
Ԩۣ꣬ǾĻܣϴӾ
һƵ΢СâͷѪอڣطš
šԪ̥֮ëϸڣȻ䣬εκ顣
ǣÿһڲƴڴʡ
Ѫͷӵ𣬴ӿʼӿʼʱͻὥʡ
ֻҪˣı䲻ˡ
Ŀ븹ʳ࣬ɵᴿ⣬ɡ
龳ǿǣѪʱҲһϴ跥ǵḶ́ҪڣѪͷΪһɡʣų⡣
Ψˣǲܸǿ׳תŻӵѸݡ
龳к׶ΣǣѪ⣬Ĵ
Ԩƽ⣬ڽǡอڵĻ֪һ׵ϴӡ
Щ⣬อģʮ겻ɻӵۻࡢʣһų⡣
ڻʱ̣ûпתɷħʱ֪ȫλķϴ֮龳˳ٽһ

ĺصĳصףһ˿˿âȻŶ
ӽԯؿ˿˿Ƶľ⣬˲ڱǣëס
˿˿⣬̺ѰѪ
ԯȻʧɫ
Ϊһƾ֮УܵԳѪζ
ԳǰһɱɢӴķ֮ڴط϶
Ҫָ߼ĹԳͻأҺԤס
˴֮һѪ֮󣬻ǰѪ
һ˿⣬̺ŹԳζǲǣ
һˣ³ǵĳˣɫͱòˡ
ָһӣһ䡣
һ˿˿ɫľ⣬ϸ緢˿Сߣ鶯أԨıǿףһš
ɫľУԯظӦǿϢ
ϢȻľľܹһ顣
֪񣬴ӺδشصģڶѪΪʳɱ֮ͬڴط϶
ΪĻ鱻رɺһܣɢⷽء
δϵصĹ֣ûʱ̣һַʽȥԨǿǡ
ⷽأƴһתĴųС
ԯ˰ΣȻ;ΪִߵԨⷽص£龳Ľ׶Σת˲
ֻһӣ͸ӦԳѪ
ľ⣬ʧԨڣ֪ʲô飬֪Ƕôķϡ
龳УһƶḶ́һอŵĽ⣬һƻĹ̡
棬ľ⣬޸һδµĵǿ̡
һƻһ޸龳еĺĺ;衣
Щ⣬ЩѪεȵεȵİ棿
ԨĴϴ£龳ѸԽҲᱻⷽأǹϵĽϿˡ
ԯ
رϷã˵һ𣿡
ʱ˿̣вԯ˺꣬ʧ
ڻصĳصףҲﲻԨʲôгرڵĽ۴ڣҲⷽأûκˣκε꣬صףԨ˴
̵С
á
ԯͷŻϷȥ
ЩŵأŻسرϣӡŵĽۡ
ûһ쳣
һԯһһƮڳ⣬վܽм䡣
ǱһѾͷ쿴һۣµ۹һͬˣֶܽ΢΢һЦҺԯм仰е̸һ̸
Ŷܽ뿪
Ǽλ۹ǿߣ֪Ҳͷɢ
뿪֮һȵԨĻԨ𣿡



һپʮ 
ԯ΢
⣬ͬ
֮ǰԯͶ϶ݼλСү
ԨӦĳλ½ĴޣһĻǶռݡ
ԨӴԨԺܶĿ׵жϣǲ׽Ӱ
ҲãԨпײ²졣
ռҵ죬ҲоԨĲͬѰдһʡ
˵ʵҸ˴𰸡
ԯĬãЦݿɬ˵ֻ˵һ㣬ԨȻᣬǰ³ǣΪû̫಻֮ƼҵǻƼԼԭ򣬺ûʲôϵ
룬ֵݼҵãܵв裬ȡ
ˣ𣬽Ϊμһ̾ҵλѾͷҲ֪١˴½أңңش۹һۣʵԳ۹ʱѹذ
Ԩԯһ۳ӣ㣿
£һŮʱ£Ůʱᡣ
Ŷԯٶ˵
䣡
صĴأȻҡͳĻأܵصͻȻԾٶȣѸصס
ͬʱ
һЩĽ⣬Ӵط϶ܳĽâ׷׻ӿ
ڱõգʡ
أ
һ֮ٿ·ͷĳ֮Īʧˡ
أ·𲢲һɲ䡣
Ϊ컯󡱺ĳɻܵأڵصŲƣǱ½صĵصκһ
ôһ񹦷򣬳ص׵Ļأһټû
¡¡
źǰݵĿӶʯ
һı仯ԯľ
Ϊ˸ո۵ԨҲƾʧ

س۹һӴӰȻ졣
Ӱڰͯӡֻ꣬Լ
Ӱ͸δɢƲ㣬֮ǺڰͯӣշЦ
شҰ裡
ʽ½أ˷컯֮Ʋ㣬Ҳ
֮һ۽ҫӰҲȻ졣
λĴ󺺣ͯӻҪ
ƬƬۣԲӵǣѪԻӡ
ôʵǳܣţһͷŲˡ
źļ׿ǣ߶ۡ
Ψһô״̬ǳͺɱ
ǵģ̬֮ǻᱻⷽԣ
꣬뿪δܳɹܵصѹ
ĪŷԹΣ£ԲŻ׼
ˣһ·ȥλεģеȺãûκ췣ͽƲ

ŵЦڽظ߿գ¡¡
׺ը
ˣĻ̬ѣûѪûĿܣҲһ̬ⷽع
Ŵֺ⣬ɢűɡ
ǼĹХţ
ΪХģλĴ󺺣֮󣬱һ򣬳ų۹һɽȥ
Ƿ档
󸣬ڵ녣»ݷƷһµ۹Сٽ۹ͽصĳڡ
ǶͣãȻա
ǿţλڰͯӣյĻɫƴأ͸
Ȼ󣬱ԳХģλĴ󺺡
Ĵ󣬻ûпãôֲˣ»һȻźڰͯӣƮɶȥķǿҵʧУǷǳĶ׺ֵ
йֻһӵͯϣӦϤϢ
ȥ۹ԤУ۹ǡ녶ͷ̫Ѩֱ˵ԨУỤǣ۹ء
һ޵ĻȻĺ
Դڳ۹ĹʦħڵĴӡܲԕF
ܲԕFķԸԨһ¡
Ҫµ۹ЩС̤۹غתһֱӻµ۹
һ·ڳ۹ĸأͣ
ʼ˽ս
ԶμֵԣܲԕFָʹ˶μֵܣ۹Щߣڻء
μңгħڵħ
ôصĹʦˣͳħûйϵ
ͳħйأӹʦ˵ķԸӴԺǲǾͰѲ˹ʦ
㣬Ԩ»ͻȻڣôܲȷԨǷ񻹻ţ
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Ǿͺá˵ͷ
ԥ녣ͻȻ֧ԨӡԨϵ಻֮Ȼ˾
ͬʱ
̬ܲԕF񣬲ٶزأȻ䡣
죬ԯǰ
λðһ䣬µ۹Ԩںδ
ܲԕFѯʡ



ڶ 侲
ܲԕFٿһ£ԯȻ
ܲԕF
ԯһһʺȻݶӲӵţ使⻷ơ
̼䣬ս㡣
۹Ĺʦˣµ۹һУǵ۹ߵجΡ
ԴӴ˺ճĳ۹һʰ죬ѹµ۹
Ůʱ£ܲԕFļɵͲۡ
µ۹ߣÿÿλʦˣҧгݡ
ƫ޿κΡ
µ۹죬ʦˡ
رΪҫ۵ĹâͻȻģ÷â¶ֱͦɢƣһʵʦδϵܹ½أ档
ܲԕF֮ǰҲһ֡
֮󣬱㳤ʱչУ۹ĺܶ񣬶ٴ
֪ģ飬Ǵռҵμе۹Ůʱ¡
ǰλʦҲǰ塣
㡣
ܲԕFһۣȻһЦ˵٣Ϊ㡣
ţǻصķλǸԨСأ
ͻأһʧڵصԯ廰ص󷨣һص׵ĳһʧ
䣬ѺӽԴ
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ܲԕFֹһ䡣
һҹȻڷɳƻܵĻӣطصףһϢǧװ㣬ڴ
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ԯˣһ԰ţ
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ܲԕFҡҡͷɫ󣬡ʧĸɸɾһټϢޡ̬׷λԨ꣬ʹϣȴЩ룬ӦķΡ
ʦˣҪ˵ԯȡ
Һ˵ܲԕFȻһЦȤζһۣ˵ͷ˵͵Һ˵ɡ
ԯܲԕFͳħڸӵĹϵ
ҫ˵ԯѾħڣƾһ㣬ԯҺͳħھʹӴ˰Ѳ˸ϵ
ˣܲԕFУλ³ǵĳѾŵǰԼˡ
½أѻָԭ״ڣòޱ䡣ܲԕF룬˵Щⷽذѵģӿ˳۹ҪæһˡǸԨС֪Ҫ̽
ʦˡſԡ
̬ܲԕFûټ˵ʲôһɫ磬˲Զȥ
ⷽأѰԨԯ
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ξҪ졢Ԫ񾳵ǿȼ
ܲԕFǿҪǷſڳµ۹ߣѲء
ǣҪҪԨԯ
ѰͷԨźܹ֮ܶʹϣвͬѰ񣬴Ľƽ⿪ʲôأͳһʧ֪ˡ
ã
дµ۹ߣûиԭȵǱʳɾ󣬷׷ؾۡ
Ҫ£Ԫڵĵ۹ߣʼʩֶΣͼҳԨ
۹ĹʦܲԕF̬δҲѰ
ʱת˲ա
ܲԕFµ۹ߣûջ
ԨǻأǱڽĳƫƫεһһ飬Ҳ˿
أָֻ״Ƶ¶
һǰеأݣ򱻽ƺɱ֮ⷽغȻų
ĿռͨҲѹ֪ܡ
أһһ٣Ѱ޹ˣʧȥȤ
һӣٴιͨ£֪ŮĻ£ֻڳ۹תһ£µ۹أҲ
Ԫ꣬µ۹ߣڽػһûзʲôԵ½롣
ʦܲԕFȻεһӣصأǻǻûзκǿϢ
ⷽأʶ֪ŵԴ½ڣżԨԴ
գҲѡȥ
УΪؼʱ̣ڳ۹಼úıܳʱϡ
תۣӻغԨʧѹ¡
ĳ貵ҹ
غͳ۹ĳ䣬غ¡𶯣һ϶类ǿ
ݣ
һӰҹȻ˦˳



ڶһ Ϊ
¸ǹӲӡ
½ҿ꣬ⷽҲκ飬κ쳣
۹µ۹ܾͣǰ뿪
ɫ£һӰվš
ǵ˺ѵķ϶أٴϡ
ƽ
ǹ貵ҹգעĿһ£ૣƺһˡ
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˿˿ָƴš
һ䣬ܱ߿ӵ

һΪģʰԲεѸγɡ
񱩡һȦȦػţȦŸฺسҺɫʣ״ĳ
ڲһֵؾޱȾ
޾ˮһͼЩ绯ȪϸϪȻڡ
꣡
Ǽ䣬졣
ֱۣȻñӨӨһʵĹС
ɷħ
֮䣬ܿЩ¶ŽͷอѪ⡣
̩ԡȪҩˮ¶ϴĸо
龳ڣ
ŵһſųҵС̫¸ҫ
Ψܸ֪һ
ҫ֣
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ѤöʵǹʴžͼǻͥѨϣ俪
ڲһء
ʹУµͥѨϣȻŷ
Ԩƺһµ˺ѸУɵصһںֹ
ͷһߣΧ˲
һɢ
ͥһ
ۣԨĿǰ૵֪ԭ򣬻ʲôܾҵĻͥҵµѨϣ̫ƿ
ڻڣⷽصУһϴ衣
Ԩ龳ǣѵõ츲صɱ䡣
ʱ䣬ԣʵ㹻ˡ
ķٳɳ£ʶܶʱܹ΢ʶ㣬ȥϸ΢
ܿһĹƤ£Өޱȼ̣Ĥ쳣ԣٶӰѸ
ǣʱĴĥźղһսԴǿȣղ಻ԡ
ղѽýղʵ൱¡
ղ󣬸һͥġ
ɷħŴ˵ؿ񱩵ӻصϴӣ龳ѳͬǿߡ
ãԴ½߼½ͬ龳ߣܹʤ
ϧ꣬عⷽء
ӱ۹ЩâҲܲ˿ʶЩԭĽ꣬뻯صĳرڡ
㽣âȻڱ۹ǣʶǿԨ֪â
꣬ʶ뵽һ㽣âͻᷢһ㽣âڲһۡ⡣
ǽ
㽣âӡرڵĽۣؼ䣬һֲּĽ
Ԩ²⣬˽ǽˡ
Ҳǽۣӡڻصĳرڣǿգӽնµλ
λѲ֪٣佣ͬʧ
Ψнǻصĳرڣһ㽣â΢֮Ľӡֱ۵ı۹ǡ
ϧṳ̂뵽΢ûнû취ȥЩš
ȻҲ޷С
֪ˡ
Ԩ¼ŵأվ˺ܾúܾã˼ţȻµ۹ȥٽĳ۹
ڳ˼ʱû׳꣬Ӧ
۹ĵ㣬ңңӦ
녣
˲ףӡڵģЮ녵ڳ۹ķλλãҲңԶ
ڵ녣ţԭͼȥ͡
ߣΪڵˣһλ޽֮·ǰڣúڿޡ
ʾֻҪͷԺڵϯλġ
녻ڣշڡԨһӣͲ²녻ڽĳҲ֪ڵȺ
ȼһ녣Ū˵ڣӡӦòҺ
һ£۹ȥ

۹߾ٽ½صһƬɽ
һпյĴڲڵ녣ƹš
֧Ͱ녵ǰһɫװš
녵ģδ
֧Ȼҫһ¡
ʸڣȼ
녵͵һƹ磬ž졣
녵ҽţ֧ĵԲסˡ

һλƾոֳ֧Ц춯λԨޣðͷˣ



ڶ 
׳пյڲҲΪ
녵ѪⱾ壬Ѫɺԣɱһ߱ɵʬ壬¡
ϣԲīģ򾣬ĳЩ棬ʰ쵣֮η
м½ߣһϳȻԹڡ
ҲΨйڣ֣̻ġ
ѣڻع;УǹϮãһֱڴˣδԨйκνӴ녵̬񣬿̬ӣĺػӦںδĲ֪
ǰĳңֺ־塣
һֱ֪ҳڳûǬ½Ϊѡʵ˵ӣС
ڣڼ½ڳħڡѪ̣Ҳͬһݡ
Ҳ񾳺Ϊĳң;к͹λϣϻã壬ڱʷ½صˡ
֪ͨʲô;ھȻ֪½һųĴ󣬱³һλƿء
Ԩƺ녣Ϊܡ
Ϊ녲֣֮͵Ϯ󣬱ܻ׽
ڳ۹һǿɺͼ½ĹȣǴ硣
£Ҳغ͵壬Ѫ̰㣬ڱѡ
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ٺ٣녰녣޵֧Ѿˣ㻹ҪӲ
ҹЦţצָһ֧˵Ԩֻǰ³һλ֪ʲôʺ˵Сһ׷ǹʣαҪά˵ˣֽ֧ţҲһ֮ܵ裿
䣬ǼצָȻ۽
֧ץĵȻɭ׻ա
ģķģȳ桢֩롢ߡ棬Σ׷֧
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ȻХ

ͬʱ
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ĸӦǳ۹ķһԴ꣬Ʊա
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ҧһͷһʹǿԼ侲
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ڣΪṩڶ࣬亱ҾĶ档
ΪڣΪЩ棬˵ģף涾Ըֲĵ衣
ڼ½ʵ޷ͳħڡѪ̱ȼ硣
ԣóħȥᲢۡ
ĴڣƵ൤裬˹ھ޴ùڵڶʱͻͽ
ܹͳħڡѪ൱ţû
ǰʯͷԼĽţûϵһĹڣȻҶ֣
ԺģЩԶ澫̻ķģĶ棬Թڵġ䡱ʩԼϣԨһӵջ𣬡ѵǣλڵĳң
ţʹ㶯ɱڲ춯֧˲䱬
녲ҲҪش
ڵġ䡱õý飬֧һ֧żʸڲԼԼڵϵ
ֻҪͷʧ䡱Եƽ⡣
ȻҪʱֺȻһĻ档
녵һڣɱⶪڵϡ
̬ţҲķգ˴
Ǽ䣬׹֪Ҳܺߡ
녣ûгֻǱţڵˣһ֧ԡ䡱Լ֡
Բסˡ
еͺһԨǽسڣ͵ؾ
Ķ澫꣬Ժ
ģԨ꣬ͷų
꣬ڱ˵⾳£·һλСˡ
СˣԶʶֻһСС壬Ҳǰʵʻ
ɾСˣڻڣ˿˿մȾĽ⡣
ͣ
СˣƻһС
Сҫֻʶ֡
СͻȻնЩֵģʶֵڶ඾档
ȷе˵նһöö̬İ

ǧ֮⣬йڵĳңͻǺ



ڶ ѵһ
Ԩʶ桢ߡЫӡ֩ȶһҫСնѪģķѡ
඾棬Ǿӡɵķ䣬԰Ի
һֶꡣ
ʶκһλ΢µߣ֮֡
΢ʶδᣬӦʶ쳣ԡ
ۣȥ̽ʶĶ궯ˡ
СۼͻԨһбߵĵ·
΢£ȴǿ󵽲˼飡
꣬ûصһϴӣ䲻ʵʻԳһ壬Լʶȴ߱
Ʃ磬Ϊй⽣

ǱССҫ⽣ʶӽ
ʶڲݺύâƥ貹ӣ̲޾
඾û֧꣬飬ɲǼ䣬㻯̡
ÿһֻ棬ǰԻȷе˵Զ澫̻ɵķ
ࡰԨʶ̫ˣеǷԡ
ʶΪ⽣֮С
һööѸٻ̡
ǧ֮⣬ڵĹңҽţѪ
Ѫԭϵģһ
ķߣѪ
ͷ޺š
һ֧ȼŵ͡š
ԨӡһȼյĸΪʢҲ녵һϢǴԪ
ÿһ֧ޣȼ녵˼
̬녣ֱţһ֧ɶӰ죬
ע⵽ڵĳңȻűҪʹʱȻֿ
ãûϵǧԨȻܴ
ã½һðͷԨøΪǿˡ
ڵĳңʩչ䡱֧ΪӣⶼûشԨԹԹ

ͷɢ̬ɲָףԼĲֱۣץһѪۣԨֻ龳Ϊ龳ʶᣬһ˿ãƾʲôܷң
أҾƣһöö䣡ҵĹ
ۣۣ
֧ȼյڲһƶ澫꣬
βǿɫѪȻء
ӵȻֹԪˡ
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ӿȼյģ֧ССٿ녡
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ڣʹϾ
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ݣ
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ҼˣҲɱ֣ó
ұǹڣϮģ⻹λڵǿߣҵ汻նɱھԲưոݡ
ۣ¶ѱססڡ
ˣٶԹҲǿ
ԨСӣǵ죬ѵ֪ҵͷķɻ󣬡ֻǰ³ǣݼҵһСүôڣκһλڵĳϣֻҪȥ˰³ǣݼҾͻᱻŰ
Ŵ뷨һ򣬾Ԩ
кܶ£ҪԨ
ҲţԨע֧ջؽ

ף
ٴγŵԨֻˬԺ徻
źǿգһſǳƱࡣ
ԼƼǳʹ״
˵ߣĸԶΪϸ¡
λǿߣԡ䡱ʩӵĹն󣬻ӷ̣·ûɢ⡣
ǣɢڣʶ
⣬·һ׳꣬˵ػͱꡣ
оˣҲе㲻ȷ
ۼͻ
ڱ⾳ʶһҫǣһһ
Ȼ䣬½صģĳһصϵ
Ȼһ
ǰѣӡšۼˡĸֵİֽȣʧ
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ΪСۼͻû뵽һǱ⾳֣֪꣬ز֪ռ䡣
ӶȥСۼͻ꣡
ȫأȥأ
һԨ͵ͨصĳڣ̤뵽۹ĽӲ
С磡
녵΢֧ݹذ³ǣµ۹ˣһȥڰɣ
ΪΣԨĺ
ĹңӦòӭ㣬ݼңҲ㱻ۣ



ڶ ʹ˱
µ۹³ǡ
вûڽȥߣѾسǡ
ݼҵݷƷƣԼҵܽԯҵԯӵܣлԵ
תۼ䣬ѹࡣ
ԯŮʱأ侳ͻͽҪٴͻƣȥ΢ڵϣ
ûпǰֻ΢Ϊ
ԼҵܽĿѾΪ
ڷ֮ܽΪµ۹֮һ
ҵޣ촫˵
˵½ʧˣûзҡ
Ҳ˵޳ɹ߳أڽûлعңֱȥԴ½ȫµȥС
صľ䣬һĺ
ԣڻԱߣɢ
޵ĸףΣȻΪҵμ
ңȻԵ޵Ĳ֪٣Ԫˡ
ղĿղұʵۺ񣬽ȡңΪ۹ǿļơ
ʱ³ǵݼңΪһ쳣ֵĽɫ
ԭǣݼһλСү½أ֪
СҲգղ»Ҳã̸֮ܽ࣬ԶԨмѣ
۹Ů󸣬³ǵԯҲԨܴۡ
Ȼ̤صģЩﵽΪһ˵ԨʱǺܶĸۡ
˵֮ԵԨԴ
Щǰ˵ԨڽʱûΪ۹ֻ̫࣬һζΪԼ룬Ϊ顣
λȨأǵĺܶ˵ǣŷ
˵ۣݼҴܴѹ
£طٰ³ǣݼүǸҵĹϵ
ռϱһŴ£Դԡ
ոٵռ֮죬ΣֻҸá
ǱߣλǵҵżݼңܵأݼӲù
ǣ³ԯԼĬĬ֧֣ݼǾٲά衣
졣
ڳԯԽӼһϮȹĳˣ̬ǧ次
ûԨϢ𣿡ᣬ񾲣˵Ӧûһʱ䣬³Ǹϰɣ
СãܹԯЦأ٩Ҫǵãû޵ĻԼƺûн
ԯ㣬˵ʲôѽЩŭһۣˣҪĵġ½أӻܶࡣûң»ղЩһδܻų
СһӦм֪Ϳ¡
κΣǱϾֻСǵ˼룬ʱûа취һľߡҸףռҸոλϵ֧߻
ǷǳϣطܵŵǸռұ̬
ϧ
̾Ϣ
ԯ㣬ݼһתʡ
ԯϵЦݣ̾һ˵ܹɡ
Ϊңзң
ҲбļԯҲΣҡңһ³ССǲ˵㡣أݼڰ³ǣٻǳҽڵõŮʱµټ
Ȼݼڱĳǳأǻᱻϳȥ
ҲǾ棬۹Ůʱ£ΪͻȻذмӡ
Լԯ˵ϳڵʱҲͿ๦ߡ
ԯ֪µ۹Ůʱ£ͳħڵķҫӴͨҫ֪ԯѱħڡ
ͳħڣпʼϵĵ۹ŮʣȻȻؽԯΪһҪӡ
Ҿڰ³ǣԨ
ԯһȻ㲻ǰɣ
ҷϾ£ʲôطжУԱڰ³ˡ̬
ԯ㶵ؿСѾͷ㲻ϲԨǻСӰɣҿɸ㣬ǻСӼǻţҲһѡ磬ȻǱ֮ǧĶ
˵ֻǸжɫݣڰ³ǣռһЩˣٲҪ֪ռһЩϱүӣǺܶġ
ϲͺáԯ˵ͷ

۹ڻʱûмᶨغһΪ飬һܶǿߣΪࡣ
С磬㲻ȥڣұ֤ڣһϯ֮ء
ҳ۹Ĺõѡ񡣡
˵ܲţ۹Ĺʦڰػء
Ϣңܿն녣ɫ԰ףʱڴϢȴɷأԨ롣
һףڵһ̫ţնɱȴҪ˵ȥڣԨҡҡͷʱ̫ˣῼһ¡
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㱻ܣ񱻳ᣬɱ֡Ԩͬ飬־ÿЦڵҲһǰС
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䣬ת
۲ܵĻâڵٿطŶ
ʹ˱
Ԩ֣ͷҲصأ۹һƧȥ
һµһ֣֪᲻ỹڣûб˸֡
ૡ



ڶ ҩ
̷ɽڳ۹½ؽ֮
ɽһ߰ȵɽ壬ɽⰻȻŸʽĻľ
ޣԾڸɽ֮䣬һӸ߿ոĺ
ϸ̷ɽκιȣ˵ϡ٣ˣѳڴ㡣
ڴ˵ؽΪӽ۹ڴ˵һţںͳ۹ãںܶУ̷ɽڳ۹
ǸΪҩڡţϣϿ˵
ҩڡȻͳ۹ãɴȴûڱ̷ɽͷӴ޽ӴֻǺһЩߣһЩң
Ǭ½ҩڡһشڣԴڣǬ½Ψһһܶ켶š
˵ҩڡͼ½ġҩڡżԨԴ
ҩڡںأԴ½ͼ½ǳȻţ½սӰ죬㱣
ûڱ̷ɽġҩڡǬ½ڡҩڡĽɫ
۹Ҳգٽµ۹Ҳã͡ҩڡѺùϵ
µ۹ҩҡռңÿһ¼١ҩڡܹõҩڡϿɺף
֮ˣΪռϡҩģֻڡҩڡչ
ֹռңǬ½ܶңռȦҩʦΪ۹ļ壬͡ҩڡϵܡ
̫̫ϡݣȱҩģֻڱ̷ɽ
̷ɽɢģҩСҩڡտϽ˿ɵġ
Ȼ̷ɽʱвĿͽѰϡҩݡ
һЩΪտŶº͡ҩڡߣҩڡҲ޼ƿʩǺ
Ѫ̡ħڡ֮࣬Զ½ͣҩڡ͸ˡ
Ʃ硭
һͷȣվһɫǰĸߣǹһǺͳһԳĹڡ
ͣɱ⣬ֳֵͷȣһɵĳߡ
Ϊ𷪵ߣ۷壬ֻһܽΪξ
ڹڣݵλǳһҪ߳һء
˿̣˫ȣһ˫࣬ٵͫǰЦݡ
ͷȵֻ֣𽥱¶ϸߣƤζ
˿˿ĵѪߣǻеƮݶɫߣתµ̽Ѱʲô
̶ƯһŮɫɫɫķ۳
һŮǹڳ״ӡ
صףʱ桢ߣȻһ£ѸǱ룬ڵص׻ţ⼸λڵͣ̽
Ƭ򣬶˱ǣƯյĶᶾʱΪˮΣϸꡣ
һ⣬һƬ͹Сɽ
ɽϣվһλƮƮŮӡ
ŮţòһƿüңŹڵʦͽüҶ
ŮӳڡҩڡΪֻ΢ڣҩ費
ڸҩʱżȻλʦͽ⣬֪ԷҪڱ̷ɽѰҩҲ޿κΡ
ڣ˼½ǿţֶκݾǡҩڡǵġ
ڱ̷ɽҩСҩڡֹ
ֻǣԹ۲һӣͼ𷪺״ӣɼҩ֮أǱ̷ɽۻأڽ˳ûʱЩۻ֮أζ죬ʼ־þɢĶ
һƯ𴦣ǡҩڡֲҩݣƬƬ
ŭ֮ǰɵϢȻֻ䣬Ҫš
֪ҩڡȻǬ½ųȻλǺԴ½½ȣԶ
ڣ˵кͼ½ҩڡһصŷǳĹϸ
ҩڡһٵϯλãҩɢ𾪺ء
λڶݶִٵһȴ̫̫ľ֮٣ĺڣ׹аħһƵĶҩͿ̿Դ½ͼ½ڶޣ־岻
ڣ˵ҲΪˣСţһԾΪͳħڡѪ൱ģ½ǿʢ
ڵġҩڡõĴ͡ҩڡԨԴ
ΪָʾŻԶԶţϢ͵һʱȴҲڵĻ

Ȼһ΢ʶӦһɻ鶯
˺ܽʲôˣһڷ֣Ҫùԥһ£ٿȻԶȥ
ʱ
վصĻƻǰһλεĿ꣬ͻȻȣֹ
ͣ£ǴЦϸһۣͻȻҩڵģ
ǺˣݷݷȻǳ۹ĳʦţѵûи㣬̷ɽҩڵأҪȺҩ˵һҪõɵ𣿡
ҲǴӳ۹ҡҡͷЦ˵Ҵµ۹Խ½ضҽԨµ۹ݼҡ
ݼң³ǵݼңݷݷ
ԨЦ˵
㣬Խ½ضȻʲôݷݷȻɫ½ǰЩʱ䣬ƺ̫ƽ˺ܶء
̷ɽ½طǳǱش֮ҩڵ´Ͻκ̤룬ʶ̽½ص쳣
ˣݷݷҩڵߣֻ֪½ط޴ıʣȴ֪塣
ǣԨµ۹Ǳߣ½ضǸеԾ
Ծǣǰ꣬ݣ԰³ǵݼҡ
ܺãûʲô쳣ɴԨЦ
ݼˣǣϵݫiݷݷһ˵
ݫiǼҸ




ڶ ̷ɽ
ݫi㸸ף
ݷݷ죬ʧһĲš
Ԩͷ
תꡢػӳٹλЩججδ
ҲʹʵͷβûĹУûнݼңΪԼļԴ
ź貵ĽӴŽݼЩͬ
λϵĸĸȫȻûм䣬Ҳû̫й
ֻǴүүСõĿУ֪һ㸸ĸ顣
ǸףүүСõ˵۰쳣Ϊܵõҩҽǲνɷѿġ
գĸʧھĺԨδ֪
ǰҩڡŮˣ֪ԼݼңȻѯʸ׵ţѵʲôϸ𲻳ɣ
ͼҸʶԨ
ʶݷݷɫԵΪӣ㸸ף̷ɽҩڣйܶεĽӴ
һԨԾˣ̷ɽ
ݼʲôģݷݷһۡ
Ԩ򦣬ʱݼҵһЩҩݣĪɣԴԱ̷ɽԴҩڣ
³ǵݼңûҩʦ򣬵һֱŸҩݡ
УкܶҩΪϡµ۹һ޶ġ
Ϊ㣬ռҲŻݼ׳֦ǩ˳ԼݼҴݡҩ
ռҺݼҽռļҩݣֻҩڣչ
ʵɱġ
ԨꡢػλãݼȥԪ鵤ʱЩҩԿ֪һЩҩǴӱֲ
ֻǣûҩȥ롣
񿴰ݷݷ̬͸ݫiʶȻʶҩڣ̷ɽºҩйء
үүûк˵ĸ׵飿ݷݷһת
ԨȻҡҡͷûС
㸸ףܹӱ̷ɽҩݣֲݼңҲմĸ׵Ĺ⡣ݷݷһҪȻƾһ³ǣݼҵݣҩƾʲôЩҩݣ
ĸףҩйأԨۡ
һ̣ķޱ
һΪҩȻ֪Ǭ½ҩڣҩԨԴ
ҩڣ۵켶ҩҩƳġ
ÿһҩڵǰҩڣȥҩҩڵĽ̻塣
˵ҩڣҩڵں͸ӹһëû
ߵعϵԴ½ͼ½ǿʢţ֪
۹д˵۹ԪڣҲͬ
ҩǬ½ܹ۸սӿ̷ɽΪҩںҩڵĽϵ
ʵû뵽һתĸϵһҩйء
ҩйأҲζźͼ½ҩڣϵ
޳ڤڤ֮УԼѾע
İ̾úȻ󣬶ʱƫСĿ¡
Ϊһµĺ֣ڱ̷ɽҩڵء
ڵĳңƫƫڴˣѵ֮µĺ֣ѿʼȻ֣˹ڵӣ
ԼĸףҩԨԴҩݡ
ĸףȷʵҩڣźϵݷݷ˵ľ⣬Ҷֻ֪ݫiôԸӵġô̥ӣֻΪѡ

ݷݷ̾ţ겻ѡ
ˣ
Ҳڴ˿̣𷪵ȹڻ֮أϷĶڣͻӬĹХ
ԶԨȥĶ棬ųǶζ˱ǵĹУ˺š
ֹˡ
ૣǶ˷ڴĹâ
ȻԨǵĺӣͳ̷߱ɽ
ݷݷ΢΢ɫ˵ҲǼˣһ£ܶĪˣҩڵسûһڰ䣬֪Ѫ⣬ǻļһһĴ󺺣йڵˣ
ܾã̷ɽҪˡ
ݷݷԨ½ָһ˵Ǳתǳµ۹ǰ³ǰɡ
ԨΪ
ݷݷˣ⺢ӣʲô龳Ϊڱ̷ɽûҩտҲ޷񲻶ԾܶߣǼ½Ĺڣӿ롣
⣬۹ҩֲݵļ壬Ҳڱ̷ɽ
ڼ䣬ƵһȰ̫ʱ䶺
һ⡣
ֻϧ̤½غûµ۹Ԩ̷֮ɽͼ
ͼģЩµĺ֡
ֻǣҲδ뵽ת꣬Ҳµĺ֣Ǳٶꡣ
׽㣡
Ҳô
̫ˣ
Ȼ䣬һ򣬴ϲĻ
ԨŤͷһͼܶҩʦ۵ģŮЦӿ˹
һЩˣźͰݷݷһӦóҩڡ
иˣɫʽɫԳԱĵ۹ļ塣
ɶǬ½ҩʦĿˣڽҩڿˣԨһ˲Ϊʲôƫƫʱ򰡣
һգܹȥҩڣϰҩȻҪһءݷݷ
Ԩ죬Ҫ㡣



ڶ ҩʢ
أҩŷֹ࣬ҩһ
ȻҩҩʦĿУǵ֮ʥء
ҩڣǧһֱҩʦĽ֮ء
ҩʦţҩھ꣬ʼ޷ҩڣҩʦһĵλ
ҲˣҩʦĵȽ׻֣ˣҩƶ
Ǭ½ҩڣںҩڵĹϵʸ˷鼶ҩʦġ
ҩڣҲͨҩڿ˵ģЩ鼶ҩʦ
Ȼӿֵģ޵ڶŮԨԶԶһۣͼؿڲ֣һ棬һҩݡ
ҩʦһΪȼΪ鼶ؼ켶񼶡
ȼϸΪƷ
ÿһȼҩʦͨҩںҩڵĿˣõ֮ͬ󣬾ؿڻƶصı־
֤ҩʦͳݡ
ؿڻҩҪĵһ磬ŷһƷҩʦ
ؿڣҩʦϣоŶ棬ǷƷҩʦƾƷķ裬ͨ龳߷á
鼶ҩʦؿڵλҩΡ
һҩݣһƷʸ񣬾ҩݣ鼶Ʒҩʦ
ؼҩʦ־Ϊĵ裬ö裬ʹŵؼƷҩʦ
켶ͼΪ¯
񼶣صĵ꣬ӵʶǵĵ衣
ҩǬ½ʸ񿼺˷鼶ҩʦҩݵҩԣҩ򣬵ϰԷ棬ʡ
գԳεĵƷʣȷҩʦĵȽס
ۿһŮؿڵλŻҩݵı־ټǷڲͬĹҺӪԨתһ룬׹
ҩڣҩʦĿˣҪôսҪôҪʼ
Ȼ˶ҩʦַͬңڱ̷ɽ
˵Ҫ⣬ָʲôݷݷǾȣشԨ˵Ҳ֪ڱ̷ɽҩʦĿˣ㣬ҲμӰɣԲţԽ½أҩڣ
Ȼˡ
ΪԨҲ֪ҩڲúҪҩʦз鼶Ŀˡ
ԨǰɣݷݷüڣλĺӵķϣҲòһ䣬ݼҡԣҩʦġԨ˵µ۹ֻһССļ塣
ÿһλҩʦĳɳҪӴҩݶģҩһ䣬Ϊķʵġ
԰ݷݷݼҵ˽⣬ݼҼûи߳ҩʦҲûг̣֧ҩʦĽ׺ϰ
µ۹ҲռǱߣϧһд۵ģͳλҩʦ
ûҩڣҲ볢һ¡Ԩűӣһ˵ҩʦĿˣԡ
ݷݷɴۣһ㣬֪뿼ˣҲҪʯģ
ʲôˣҩڽҩʦĿˣҩڶɵġ
ҩʦÿһοˣҩҪ׼ʽġҩ¯
Щ޳ġ
ܶСļ壬һҩȤһģΪҩھ޶ıãϢġ
Ϊۿ˵ĽΣɵʯǲ˻ġ
ҩ費㣬װ׽ʯҲͱҩڡ
ʯ԰ɣԨȻһЦһڣšһλεҫĿ壬𣿡
龧ݷݷȻʧɫ
龧
ףСУȻ龧ڣ
龧Ү
ⲽģ۹ҩ̳Ԩͳһ龧ʱ;۾һ
һ㷢ԨģһʵҫĴۡ
龧߳һȣʯָ߳һء
Դ½ͼ½龧Ǵߵı䣬Ǭ½ǿߣӵдിȵ龧
ԨУͻȻһ龧Ȼע⡣
Ǽ䣬ЩŮŮͷӵ
ݷݷ
ںԨĸоɣɲԨͷ࣬Ϊһ龧Ҫ鷳
οǰЩ۹ҩʦı̷ɽ͸죬в֪Ǳ˶߰ߡ
һߴȵ龧пԨɱ֮
𣿡
Ԩֿ죬ٺЦš
ˣݷݷͺһɫã
Ȼ⻪Ȼ
ǿ龧䲼Ԩȥһڶĸҩʦ
һҩʦ඼Ƚᣬгʮġ
ȺУһλŹ°꣬ؿڴȻҩݣ鼶Ʒҩʦ
꣬վȺУΪһֺȺĸо
Ԩ¶龧ԣƺʲôϡ֮
ϣŵļڽ·Щµͬ飬һЩϲ̨ˡ
۹ĺˣСӽغӣ鼶Ʒĵ衣ݷݷע⵽ԨĿ⣬˵غӣѱҩСˣû̫Ļһͻᱻҩڴߡ
Ԩ΢΢ɫҩڣҲ˹
δִ;Сݷݷ
ٺ٣ȤˡԨ˵ͷ
Ҳڴ˿̣Զ֮ͻǺҽС
ǹڵЩˣݷݷɫ
ԨľȻһԲ
У⡣
ǶȷйڵĲֹֻ͡ϧǶң֮󣬹õΰˡ



ڶ ǿܺóԣ
Ƶİգɫࡣ
УǧӬ桰ˡ˻ХţƴţҪ롣
ɫĽҺÿһֻӬ涼š
ֻӬ桰ˡХǲκһֻܴӶߡ
ЩӬ棬ǿļֻ˽ԾѪɡΪͷߣǿӬ棬ڱ̷ɽǬ½ܶطļһȺȺͬࡣ
ǧӬ棬Լɱﵣҩڵġ
ɴ˿̣ͨѪǣͨǼֻǿӬ΢𷪵õһϢ
Ӭڴ
ȷе˵ڶӬ棬еһҧû
ͣ
ҧָ⣬һѪ͸Ө
ǵѪصذüġ
ȻѪ⣬üš
Ѫ͸˳˿˿Ѫ߽㣬֯ţΪһķġ
һɺЦĹ
Ȼ䣬ڽ𷪵ʶҫһ̡졢ɫĹ㡣
һ˸㡣
ÿһ㣬ӦѪģͨӬǿʮ档
ֻа˸
ɫ䣬̫Ѩͻţᶶ
ԭʩչطܹʮӦĹ㣬ʶֵġ
ֻʣ°˸ˣ˵
ʦ
ûеϸͻȻһ־ļУֹط͵ؿУԼһλ״ӡ
λ״ӣΪѪ棬еŴһö塣
һŰ컢ͷϸȥͷкӲӵѪƣϵķݳ˿˿עе
ͷ壬һѪеŲ
˿̣ǿ黢ͷųӲӵĺ⡣
â壬ڲѪƣһͷѪͳ໢
໢ſݰչҪڳ

һǻͷУĳ໢Ѫ꣡
Ӿ˵ǣ໢Ѫķ룬λ״ӵе翪բĽˮһŨѪһйע
״̼䣬龡֮һûѪƤңء
ͻȻ
С
ʹظߺؿ໢ľ꣬״ӵһעͷĶƴء
ǧӬ棬˷ܵССڵأŴ·Ѫ
Ȼȴ־ظ֪ǿ棬̶ʱڣĪʧ

ʣµλ״ӣһһŮͷŲӣͨ졣
꣡
˵ǣǱ˿
һҫĿѪɫǵͷǳ˲ӿǶ
λ״ӣôһ͸͸ġ
ƴڣµӬ棬·ɱµӬ棬ŨѪѸٵ
Ӭ棬໥ɱʳţͬû
ͽ΢ϵģľѪӬ棬
һɣ𷪶ľϢǶƴڣȻ
Ϊڵߣؼ඾桢Ľ𷪣ܵʶǶƴȻǿǱš
״ӣ֮󣬽ûѡб
ԥһ£ҧҧɢݳ
ˮ˷͸
۾Ȼһ
ǣһ̵ĻȣƮƮڷɶ
ֱԨݷݷЩҩʦķλƮŶ
һһشƯϣɫޣȴǧӬ̲ڵĶţ·ǻʶҲβ
ʱͷǶʱǵıЦݣ顣

ˣˣˣ
ͰݷݷźܶǬ½۹ҩʦԨԺڣ·ӬڹХ
龧Ժδ㾹Ȼӵ龧
СӣҲǲμҩʦأۣҩʦҩ۰ؿڣҲûκεı־ǵһΣ
ֵܣ龧Ǵģ
ĻͦģҲСչء
һȺΧŮǬ½۹ÿһڵļ壬ռ൱
ߡ
ǾӿԨͰݷݷ㱣
Ψбݷݷģλغӵģ۹꣬°վԶӵԶԶ
ˡ
Ԩһ飬ƴĳجУȻˡ
ͻȻݷݷȵˣҩڣ
ݷݷȻʲô
ڵһˣֻӭˡԨе
ʱٶ꣬µĺ֣ʹʱ䡣
Ԥʱ䣬ڷת֮ʮ֮ʮ꣬Ǻҳ
û뵽ʦֿӺ֮תʱ䣬ӻ˽ꡣ
꣬ǶѾɳΪµĵز
ڶûаգܷ֮ɹѱǶҰѹƣ
˵ʲôݷݷãȻ
λδصҩʦҽн𷪣Թڡ
һĹЦȻԶȴҷӳˣ𷪱ƮȻڰݷݷԨǰ
ṪȻڰݷݷϣҩڵģ
ݷݷǰʦͽܾˡ
٣֪㡣𷪵˵ͷ⣬ЦſЩŮ翴һɿڵʳǿƺܺóԡǶӦûϲ
˻һݷݷڣ˶
֪ʲô˼
ֻԨҲһ׶û
̫ˡ



ڶ 
Цζ
״ӵûӰȻ죬ڴ
ΪڹڵҵʦҲԴ
Ķʦ֮ǰŸ֪Ǭ½ı̷ɽǱһ档
棬亱һ޶
ʦҩһΣλħҩʦİ£Ѱ½ֲ̿棬
棬Ǳλħҩʦ⣬͵͵ڱ̷ɽ
汻صĳɳҲڶʱѡ
𷪵Ķʦ֮·Ͼ桢ҩɻеĶ̫ڿֲѪอԱ͸ӴѵҩΡ
ĩˣֻʣ½һλӣࡣ
ǰ¶֪ܡ
ΪʦֵܣʱУҪôԼҪôı
ֻнһš
֪𷪣棬Ϊҩλħҩʦ׼
ϧλҩ߻ħɢ
ģλõĶУڵ֪λ֮󣬽𷪵ʦ±λĺıװ׶
һֱ꣬𷪵ʦҪˣʱ̫̫ãǱͳɳԼ⿪
ԣŽ¸֪𷪣Ҫ𷪳ţûпܵõ
һλ״ڹڵݵλ˲ˮǴߡ
ڹڵǶȥһ
𷪶ʦһ⣬һֳſ־壬֪ʦһӶգҲʦжϡ
ˣ棬ҲǼ
״ӶѣѹںֻҪܹõϿɣʦ˵ǰ㣬ΪԼ½ʶĻһֵõġ
ǰЩǬ½ҩʦĿɿʳ
Ҳ뿴ϸ㣬Ի֪ŪƢԣص㣬ǲʦ˵
Ȼ󷽲жϳٶ󣬾ﵽʲôز
ʵǿ󵽣һ㶼ûаյĳ̶ȣԼҲҪǰ׼ı
ڽУǰһŮֻ˰ˡ
ڣ
ǹڵˣ
Ǭ½Щ۹ҩʦڽԱݺ󣬶΢΢ɫ
ڶãֻҪߣ֪һ
ǰ
ݷݷɫã˵ҩڵأʦͽˣڴҲͰˣΪλҪ˵˵Ļ˵ģܺóԣʲô˼
ٺһЦ˵ûʲô˼
ڳЩҩʦŹĽ𷪣Ҳûס
۹غӣĬأĺ󳷣Էҩڵڡ
ѾԾˡ
Īߡ
𷪹ЦŲغӵĳͷſھ³һ
ƣѤãȻͷغӡ
һռһĶģ޴ĹʹչǼ䣬ִغӵͷ˷ơ
غͻȻ䣬;Լһ鿴ʯͷΧס
ʵʵûһ϶ܹͨС
ʯ
ݷݷɫһ䣬ܿ࿴⣬һʯͷͷţ˷غΧм䡣
öʯû̫ʩغϣ۹ҩʦѲ˵ġ
۹ĺˣݷݷе
۹㶣˵ͷ˵ȷʵһû뵽Сӣôһڡ
գ
һץһű̵⣬Ȼ
ʩغͷģһšʯȻۣΪһһڣȥ
ĺˣұһ棬Сӿˡ
𷪻ӻ֣ǲԸأغӷˡ
̬°غӣֻǹ֣ǴһкûжֻƬͷҲصشҴȥ
ǸʶСӡԨֹһ䣬ѯʰݷݷ
ݷݷɬһЦ۹һε׵ܵܣţСͱħУͳħ䡣ǰǬ½ԻξڵΪ̤½
ħ񾳴ޣʮҲûǬ½
ڣͬΪ½ţȻѾǬ½ĺˣҲǹڲԸǵġ
ħڼ½ΪΡԽľ޷尡
ݷݷ̾
˵ûҲԸǹڼ½ҲħıҲӲбۿһ£ʣµһСǣˣ汲һǼ½Ҳһ档
үүԴ½УѾǻξΪһȹŮµ
ڣЦԴ½ߣǼ½Ƕͷвͨ
еСҲʼ£ҲҪǰš
ˡԨ̾



ڶһʮ ֣
һŶƣԶƯ
δִ˱ǵȳζһ
ݷݷڳˣǻƣе㲻˳
ûдﵽ΢ʶδҩʦ
ȻҩڵİݷݷԨߣǶƽӽʱ궼һϢѹȸС
·һа飬˵ǡʳ
ݷݷëȻȻǶƣʧǣǶΪλƶ
ƯƬϷĶƣ⣬ΪڵĽʦͽڶǱû
ҩΪŵ㡣
֮ˣΪҩвˣһժ̽ҩʱо綾ζ
һ򣬶ᶾֲգۼŴĶ档
ҩڲƶ̲صĶ桢綾ҩݣԾͳҩ˵ӣ洦
о羫տҩʦ̽Ҳֻ˵Ƭ򻷾죬쳣ӿصȻγɡ
ԣƬأҩΪ̷ɽĽ֮һ
ݷݷ֪֪Ǳչ죬ԿڵĽʦͽ˻һ߾ع۲죬ʵһ⡣
ϣʦͽԸȻԹԵشӱ̷ɽ˳
û뵽˳֮󣬾ȻЩƣҲһƯ
ǣҩڣ
ݷݷڳʼ𾪺Ѹٻָ侲ָ۹ҩʦ˵ƣо綾ҩڣʮˣǾ΢ᣬزڴˣ
Ԩһ£ߴ٣ҪԨߡ
ұأ
뿪
۹ģϵһȺҩʦҲԾ
û𷪵вҺͰݷݷ󣬱ͻȻ䣬ɢӡ
һЦ˵ûߣ͸

һ˸죬ܼķģӽ𷪺ںХ
һŸ죬ϸ棬ֱ棬򼡢Ыӣߣǵľֵ棬֪ޡ
죬ɢĵģɫɫĻ⡣
ɫâչһƬѤõĹ⺣ͷ
أأ
ͼģЩҩʦײĻϣ
ֻһλؽ󴦿ӡҩݵģȽ鼶ƷҩʦʱͻȻһɫ׶塣
俪Ļ˲䴩͸
ϣֳЦݣʹ㷢񱼡
𷪺ٺһЦ
һȻ糤ìһɫ磬һ
ȾѪ죬ɱ֮ƮƮطɻٴκ˸
ҩʦѪעʬĳǣƶţնֱӾͷ򽥽ƯĶơ
ʬɵ·ʱƱʲôץסһӳ˽ȥ
ǣ
ͷʳ죬ǶƴȴһѪˮе䡣
ۿλҩʦѣҲ׷ȡͼԵˣͻȻɫ԰ףԥ
˵һʵɱǣ練ơ
ʲô
ۿЩСʵӹµһתؿ˿Ԩ˶ӣôһ
ԨķӦʵǹ쳣
еҩʦһɢ㳷ҩʱԨʯûжҪӵļơ
Ԩ峺鶯žͲɵ
Ȼˣ֪ΣձƽΪʲôӣ
𷪾֣̲ס࿴˼ۣˡ
⣬ȻŻˣ뿪ҲûáԨע£ǵ֪Ӳӣһܣλְ㣬ĸ죬Ծ͹һ㡣
仰һ˵ԥļˣȻɥȻͷˡ
ڵǰԩ޳ɱǿɺã
ҪңҼ棬۰мӡҼҵĺɽҲȦһЩϡ棬йڵأ
ǰҶԷһҲΪóڣʥأҪǰһЩҷ裬ʸķۣΪͽܣ
ӻߣۿ߲辶׷׸ʩֶεġ
𷪺ٺٵЦϷʵأЩʾ֭ĵҩʦϿ˵ʵǵУҷߵλĺˣܿǵҩ裬Ǭ½һ£Ǽ½ҲϡѰ
׷ĻˣǲΪҵ״ӣҹڡ
˵ˣҵλ״ӣոնһǶƣǶ̳ˡǵһ㲻ۣοǣ
һɥ
СӻܿɨԨһۣϧ΢ƺҩʦû̫Ǳҡҡͷź
ǰϣƿغǶԷ٣ԼȥԨƤЦⲻЦأôһȻͿʼĲؿڴڣȥ
½ǰҪ̷ɽȻһЩ׼ġ



ڶһʮһ Ⱥ
𷪾ԨЩ֣Ҳ˶ѡ
Ԩ˵Ļʲô壬˵̫Ҫˡ
Ϊ֪Ԩܿͻ
Ԩڳİݷݷһҩʦڷ
һúӣֻϧֵʱԣ츳һ㡣
𷪻ͷпһ䡣
㿴ƣȻƯĻɽ١
ͣ
Ÿ죬նɵĻһӴ类ǿḯʴ
𷪲ϲٺһЦ󣬱˵λء
һ䣬һĨӰ˲Ÿ֮ء
ƣʴĻĶڣһشƮݶ롣
˾ǣһشضƣڲ֮󣬾ȻֿĴƮɢ
һذɫճҺ壬ͻȻһλߴҩʦϡ
λ龳Ϊؽ߶䵤־ҩʦУž
ĵĻ棬Ƕڵȼӿȼա
ֻ˼ûж˽ˡ

һλȹŮһţüһȻֹ
ŨѪζӿ֣֮Ż
ĶƣǸʴƿĶڷ룬ɢݿв׽ѪڲѲģЩ۹ҩʦȥ
ʮλ粻ȣҩȽײȵҩʦ׷Ϯ
ҩڵİݷݷҲ޷ѣЩ룬һ̣ϵر÷λܼѱܿ
һƬƲ㣬һشصط͸սǾŸ֮ء
ʱݷݷ޴ӡ
ǰݷݷУУΪڵߣұ̷ɽҩΪҲýɣ
ҩڵļලߣ˿̷̾ɽ;УкǣҩҲҪʣ
˽֪ҩںҩڵĹϵڲҩڣɶ½˾ηҩڣȻҲҪӦе𾴡
ݷݷ֪ܺͳħڡѪ൱ҩڹû
ҩڣ
һЦ˵ҵҵʦ̷һҩڵҹнյλ̵ģҲҩڵһλٺ٣һҩڵǹڲ·ӣûȥ½Ȼ֪ǺڵҩڣʵͶ
˵һҩʱǾηͿ־塣
ΪʦλƳ˵λȻṳ֮̂·磬ֶΣҩ츳
ŶʦľηһЩ¼ý𷪴ݾηλ
ŸڣԨ棬̸Ľ𷪣ǷһЦݣû뵽ȻǼһͽܡѹ֣ѹ֮󣬴˻̷ɽ˵·񣬲̺ݶֶΣǼһҲһޡ
Ȼʲôˣ̳ʲôͽܡ
ǰڵǼһԨȻЩ廳
㡭
üͷһ壬ЦصԨΪû£
仰һݷݷȷӦԿ񣬿Ԩ԰ԨôȻ
ˣҲ׷һһ龫ʡ
ӿģһشصĶƣк׷ͬ飬аݷݷΨûκһأȥӽԨ
еĶƣԨףͺȻÿ
·Ԩͷſ˷ЩƣֶϵǷԶԶע⵽ÿȥ
쳣˶ҷѽ⡣
ң졣Ԩڵ
Ȼûš
ݷݷ룬ŲƱõһȥӽԨǼ䣬ӵԨһס
һأŵģɢζĶƣȻȻƯ
ȻԨнʱһضƣͣ¡
ڣ·һֻ۾ĴԨԨжţԥš
Ȼһ׷ݷݷᶾƴأȻôƹ˰ݷݷѡĿ꣬һҩʦ

дˣڰݷݷ֮Ҳ
ǵڶһеأԨҩʦ
һ߰׵ķΧһغqqĶƣͺ֮ǰһذ㣬˲ֹͣ
һغqqĶҲѡĿ꣬ŲƵ𴦡
һضƣżȻأͲżȻۡ
ͻȻ䣬˾ͷӦŵģڱЩƸǵģдҩʦСţƴ
û̫ãԨܱߣվλ£أɪɪˡ
ŸУмҪ;綾ţ˿ҪôѾҪôǺĲҽС
ٽԨģʣҩʦԽأֺԨվһ㡣
ƺֻӣİ㡣
ܽţԶƯƬƲ㣬͸ʴĶڣھӿ롣
ŸĿռ䣬𽥱ƴΨԨƬؿճһ飬ΪһСĿհ׵أմһƬ
СӣҲƳԾۣɫ䣬Ժδϣʲô챦ЩƣûΧɱ㣿
֪Ԩӣ㻹ǶԼ
ʲôȻ
һ̣ͻ



ڶһʮ ࣡
͸ŸڵģһشضƣӳƬ
Ԩվ룬Ȼ
ΪģҩڵİݷݷλҩʦӿСķ
δܼʱأӽˣѾ
ӿţƯŵĶſѪڵĹû˺ҧѪ⡣
ĵѡ
ڵĽ𷪣⣬Թֻۣǲ
ԨʱԨһת㻹ǶԼ
һʱ䣬ûзӦ
ͼһƬĶƣʧȥĿ֮󣬺ȻŸ죬͵شȥ
ǰӿƴأٴηɢ̼䣬һֲֻֻĶ顢ħһ׺ɱԵĿ¸С

һƣ˲һ졣
ڣԿ֩롢棬һδ֪Ķ档
ظ֣ڵХţ󷨵ΪһȦȦĻ
ͻȻ䣬ֳһĵơ
ƣǿ¶쳣أڲ֩롢棬δ֪棬Ǽûǡ
е֩롢δ֪棬Ȼ̶Х
ХУ˶Ĥͷʹѡ
ݷݷԨòŶ䡣

˸죬Աһشض룬ƿһأڲĿռ䣬ʳ˺ҧţԿϵ涾
ʱأ˶ĤʹļХ쵱еĶﴫ
ŶԨɫŤͷһ۽𷪣ٴ΢Ц˵˵ˣ㲻ҪԷ٣Լȥ
ݷݷȻ
Ϊڴ˿̣λڵͣ۽Ѫ
ǰ·һжյеĽ𷪣ԾŸ첼´޷Խ
ֻܱأȺŶƵ͸һһк
ԨһĪ󣬾˲תƵƵ
ǣԨȻأЩƵֺ
ȻֻҪӽԨߣ·˻ٱ׷
ʼٸߵĽ𷪣ͷųľŸ죬ȻЩƵĹĿ꣬ڲɱԹطȦڵĶ桢
Ÿ죬˽ɷѿƣÿһ죬עѪ
ھŸ죬ͬʱ͸һ𷪾͸ͬܣ·Լ壬ǿֲ棬ֿʳ
㣬㾿Ǻˣ
۽ѪĽ𷪣ƺʶףо
Ԩͫл˿֯Ҫ޽ΪĹ
貹âͻͫöܿ͸ϸ΢Ǽ޽ᣬƼܶ΢
ؿվھŸеԨڲϵطɳɳСܶ౶ķ۳
Щ۳꣬˸΢⣬ԨڷƮɢԨ߰׷Χû׹ڵء
ĳʵ̫С̫С۸
Ҳڽܿӵϸ΢ޱȵķ곾
һ£ٴȥŸ졣
Ȼ󣬱㿴Ƶ棬һ֣ͬϸ΢۲ɼģΪɫ쳾
һΪɫһΪɫ
ɫһشضƣٽԶԶÿ
ɫЧȻ෴ħ㣬ָ˷ЩƣѭϢ͸С

ڽͫڲĶ桢ϲкΪʩߵάϵ
ǣҲѾѩ
ԨԨǰɣ
һͻȻ³һöһĹԨ롣
ĵģ͸аϢܶѻǡ
ǣ
Ŀռ䣬죬类
ݷݷȻɫŭȣ޳ܣ
Ҫ
ͬʱһЦƮ
һ䣬ӲӵǾޱ䡣
˽ɫǾޱųʥΡĹϢٿһ֣ͻȻ˵ע⡣
ӲӵǾޱɲɵأǹ
а䣵Ĺ类ڵѩ򣬾˵ע£̣εġѩˮ
Ȼڼʱڣ㵴Ȼ޴档
޽Ľ𷪣˲ϼˣһѪס쭶
ŭأͷһ
Ԩݷݷһˣεһǣ䲻أðһŮ
еĺˣǱó룬غӡ
Ůģĸɫɫɴ¶üĿ续һ
۾ϷʵЦ⣬ƶʲô飬ںҲ֪־壬һŮ
վԵغӣԭȹ°䣬ʱЩִٺͽš
Ůӵ磬ͼڱ־߸¡ؿڣоҩݣȻ鼶ƷҩʦغӶҪǿһء
ŭɶĽ𷪣Ҫһģţʲô͵رɫ
𷪣Ȼֵ侲
ߣƵߣǴɫɴŮӣǨŭغӣ˵ĺˣڷ뿪Ҳùһ㡣
غԭȣǲ£ţ÷ĳͻ
վǸŮԣ·ƺŮӿװӲ˵ڼ½ֲħòǿܹͳħڡѪ̽а壬ҲǬ½Ϊ
Сӣƾ㣬Ҳѵң
ŭХȻԨҪغӶ֡
ĺˣܻ£ټɵ
һ
ԨһĪԵİݷݷ˵֮ٴιǴɰ
Ȼְݷݷûд𻰡
ݷݷдļλ۹ҩʦλɫɴŮӣһȻˡ
·˶裬Ĺǡ



ڶһʮ 
˭
Ԩɻ󣬾ţλɫɴİŮӣڵĽ𷪣ĺˣҪɱˣҶ
Ƶ𷪹ģͲغӣλɫɴŮӡ
ûжŭתƵغϣʵеĪ
ݷݷдλҩʦʱ翴Լ˻Ĺͣ·𶼱Ĩɱˡ
Ԩۣ޷ƼŮݣֻüĿ
Զ꣬΢
ӦҲģλɴİŮӣȻ΢Ϊ
һԷӦҲȻأ
Ůӣеľ棬һ㲻ѷɫ
˭
һתԨغѯʡ
غһãȻ
ʱҪغֵĽ𷪣ͻƺһӺͶ䣬Ѫ
г˿־壬ٿһ˸죬Բ̽ʱЩ棬Ѹٶϵ
ҵı
һХҲ˲غӣôԭ¡
һһͷƤĶ桢޵ķ䣬λɳ
Ǽ䣬ʮΪʵ
ֻڶĶ棬֪ſϣ綾߲䣬Ưͷ׷׳žŸ죬˻Х
Ÿ죬죬类ʯǣţƮ
Ҳʶ
غأԨ˿ҡҡͷ˵ˣҩڵİݷݷƺʶϳ龧ƺµ۹
µ۹ռˣü
֪غӱ̬
ֵļһЦһ֣һ¾Ө˵龳ѣṳ̂뵽ȻôӿĻУ龳ѪȻʢ˿ֲĳ̶ȡ
ʲôغ
ֻ龳Ϊǣ̺Ѫ絽Ժа塣棬û޵еûд򿪣澭ͨѪġ
ȴһ࡭
Ҫ˵Ǭ½Դ½ߴڣڣҲǰһࡣ
غ֪⣬ежϡ
ҲˣغٿԨʱࡣ
ԲںԨôӵ龧ģΪ˵ݣ龧ر𺱼֮
ǣܵõ߿ģȻв֮

Ÿ죬ҡҡλεأŽ𷪶ȥ
һȦȦĻǼ䣬ɢ
һشأĶƣûоʹ룬ڵ˺ҧţһֻֻĶ˴
ݷݷһƣʱٴһȻŵ˵ʲô
ʱüԨ
λ˭Ԩָ֣غͬŮӣ֮ΪʲôǾþͰȫˣУڵĽ𷪣ԸغӣҲν⣿
г棬۹Ļ塣ݷݷ
۹Ԩ򦣬۹ȻǬ½ǿĵ۹λŮʣƺҲƺΪǬ½ǿߡɼˣҲӦû°ɣ
Ǭ½۹۹۹۹µ۹ҫ۹һ۹
۹һٶһֱǿĵ۹
ŮҲƺΪǬ½ǿߣǳ۹ĹʦܲԕFһ
λŮʣԱԴ½룬Դ½
ŮʣûмԴ½ڣ޳֮εǺ֮⡣
ı꣬۹
˵УŮʵ񣬺ڵĴߣһնɱħǿԴ½Щһߵ𾴺
ˣ۹Ǭ½춨˶һ޶ĵλ
˶ףֻҪŮʻֻҪûս۹Զ
棬۹Ļ壬ɱϾֻС
𷪣
ʦԴ½Ľǿߣھڡݷݷһ˵λڽڶ࣬аϲĴħ˵˵Ĺϵ
һ£ݷݷ˵˵λ͹ڣҲеԨԴ
ԨȻڵǿߣħôǣ͹ڣôҲ˵Ĺϵ
ݷݷ˵ģҲ
λʲôʲôԨʡ
ռ͡ݷݷη˵
ͣ
ԨȻһ
ڣռͣħڣԨԴӦôˡ
ֻǣѾھΪ𣿽ѣ㣬ǿ˸߶ȣôĪ𣿡



ڶһʮ ־
أԱ
ʱСĿ¡
ݷݷһ˵ǳʦ˽ڵǿߣռͣħڶԨԴԨʱӦ
׺ɣգۼ䣬ѹꡣ
츳λҫĿԴ½Ϊ
âѹͬʱߣȻ޹⡣
Ԩһ߱еҲ˶Ա
ټϣУǱ޷õעݡ
һе׷Ѱת֮·ϣػлǰԵ
ת⣬ꡣ
ٴϢʱȻӵھΪ
ھ֮󣬱Ԫ
Ԫ񾳣أǿգǽ۷Ĵڣ㲻
ͽܣǬ½ûڣ𷪲
𷪣Ը޶ĺˣλغ֣´ĵߣȥͽܳ档
ɴ˿ɼںصӰôĿֲ

ͻȻ䣬һ죬ʱ͵˺ѿ
컯һ鲼Ƭ
˿˿ƵĶǲƬɢݿٴΪһض
ʩչŹڵطŸĽ𷪣˲³һѪɫס
ǻֲ̿

ţʣµľŸ죬һ˽һˣڲ˺ѿ
춼ǲƬ裬Ȧڵģ桢һƲЩƲʳû
ش޵ĶƣӿһٴλΪһƬӿŵƺ
ڵĽ𷪣ϣ¶ı۰򣬿̻ŵһƱѪ⣬˿ɼǡ
ͷ֮ϣƼСģķ
ı𣬽Ȼش壬Ѫ⣬Ѩϵ񣬶ήҲ
з⣬е̺ŨѪ桢Ÿܵӡ
˿̣ǻеﲿλѪӲӣп桢дѪܣԷš
ЩдѪܣһƬƺױȵ
ᵽ˲Ծ
ȻʧɫҲ˲غӣҲ˲úԨȥֹ
ˣ̼䣬ƻһöݷ
ݣ
ڻѪɽʱΪһöиӰأ̷ɽһضȥ
һƬΪƻĶƣβƯȥ
ƵٶȣԼӿ졣
Ƭ¾ӿ֮ɫᶾζޱѹֵĶƣռʮĶ
ԨݷݷͷƯʱһһ仰ҽ
Գ飬ͣ
أǶƾҪƮȥʱͻͣ
˽Կ־أſС
Լ䣬ƸӦһʶǶ͸Ѫ꣡
ʶȻ࣬ӯźεģʹ޺Ͷ⣡
ڰݷݷЩдߵĸ֪УǹʶʱɱĨɱǵꡣ
Խط֫嶼ܽӲ
Զɫɴĳ棬еϷʣ֮ɫȡǾأһƬơ
ܵᵽһǿʶ飬һضơ
ʶŶ˼ѿɱŷǿʳĴֽüΣա
Խ
֪𷪲Ҷ֪ݷݷỤס
Ϊһλʦ
ǶƵģǱŵδ֪ԲȥЩǶɱ
ĺˣ°غӣǶƣͷѳֵεξӨ顣
ڿ־塭
ڳˣֻԨɰֱۣͷ俴һƬƣŵЦݣζ˲ˣͷĬ

ͣһӵĶƣ֪ԭ򣬺ǰĻѸټӿ졣
ƣԱʱĶٶȣβŽ𷪣ƮȻȥ

ݷݷѰ㣬һ³һ
Ȼ󣬱ԨԣһȺ񾭽и֮󣬺Ȼߡ
ˣˣ
Ƕڣжһǿģ֪ʲôͷ飡
оˣǶողɱˣ
һ߲źһţ졣
ݷݷھðȫ󣬶ȷ
ֻԨȻֱվţǶŵķ
쳣һߵĳ棬ˡ
ȷǶƣвĶΪҪĿ뿪ڷԨⲽ
غ£Ͻ͸ˡ
Ӻζµ۹ռˣ
˻ûеһ˫ʵֱΨһվŵԨϣΪģЩ۳ʲôУΪʲôΪЩ۳ûжй
˸о쳣ȴԭ
ǽ֮󣬵ڶ쳣ߡ
֪ݷݷܻЩ۳
ܿЩ۳ԨڣһɳƯڿ糾£ԨٽԨˡ
⻹зɫĳǰھŸ졣
𷪵شΪǷɫ˵Ԩһɡ
ֻǣ͸¶
Ҳ֪˵ʲô
ԨعЦأ˿شһ䡣



ڶһʮ ͽ

ʰ쵵Ķƣڱ̷ɽŽ𷪽׷š
;УһѪ飬桢ҲգҲãᱻ붾ơ
ãЩ桢ޣһ춼ûˡ
֪ԭǱڶƵǱԣǷ˿
ϵأϮɱ飡
ɥ֮Ȯڱ̷ɽĴӴܣרѡƫƧģ̵ĵؽ硣
Ϊ֪ŸԼѾˡ
к˲ٲҩ׵ģ۹ҩʦŭ
֪ҩڣǸ۹Щߣһ
£ش֮£Ҳֻܼβˡ
ô£
Ҳ˼⡣
ζ벻ףڵĪع죬ܹԨԨߵһС
ȷţݷݷƺΪԨСӣڰе
粻ֵһᣬ΢Сӣƾʲôãʦ˵һΪ̷ɽĺƽ٣

Ҳ֪˵ʲô
һߣԨɫݵЦأŹ˵ͽܣ۹Ǵ½һڵĴߣǡ
⳶⡣
֪Ͳ֪ɡ
浹ҲѣûҪͱˣһҪԨ𰸵뷨ͷ
ãֻҪԼôһ£ɡ
ԨǷϣ˻᲻ţʵ⡣
ֻԼжϡ
С㣬ҩڵİݷݷҿˡ
ݷݷڵϣǿһЦݣڵĽ𷪣λͽܣǱ̷ɽĽأ֪ʲôһƬƣľֹȻƶ
Ұ˺ܶˣܶҩӣ𷪺ˡ
ǽ𷪡
ĺˣλԸ°غӣһǶڣĳֲֿڣƮʱ궼ڲǱ̷ɽôµĶ
⻰һݷݷ͵رɫδǱ̷ɽ
šɣǶ֪ʲôǴӱ̷ɽҩҲһйء֮治СأȻ
С˵еݷݷϽ͡
ҩǬ½ĵ۹ż壬Ҳǡ
ڣλȻ⡣
غӣʵҩйأôȥĸҩʦҪҩͷϡ
ҩڣɵ
׽㣬˭Цʡ
غӿУʲ࣬辶
Ŷ˵Ԩݷݷⷽ棬û˵Ԩµ۹İ³Ƕֲҩݼҡ
ݼң󣬡û
ɵأֶԨ࿴һۣ㲻ҩʦɣ
ʱǡԨ΢΢˵ҩڣΪ˲ҩʦĿˡ
㣬˰ɡڿڣһЦ˵ҵĸоͲǸҩʦ
Ŷ𣿡Ԩһ±ӣԳһЦ
дģǼλҩʦɴڱ״̬
ǵУͬ飬˱ǶƵŵˣڻûлָ
غӣɫЩ԰ס
ֻԨͳ̸̥·ǰȥЩˣʲôǣһӰ첻ǵľ
С㣬ǲǸãݷݷԻָ˾վ𣬡㣬үȥҩڵűѰɡ٣ڱ̷ɽƵǲϣ¡
濴ֿ˿ԨͷҲá

ݷݷ̧̱ڵصģЩûо̫ҩʦ˵ܸǵһǰںͽ𷪣Ȼ׷Σ
ľսģҩʦǣ
Ԩȴ֪ںҩڣѾڽ״̬ǽڱ̷ɽ飬ҩڲͨҩڣʲôѵ
ԣݷݷⷬ˵Ҳǰ˵
ݷݷңһһҲԿο䣬ǰ·һˣ̷ɽҩڶȥ
Ԩ
Ԩݷݷһ£˵Ϊβߣ
һб飬һЩٿҪҪȥҩڣμҩʦĿˡԨ΢΢һЦСո˵еʵһҩʦҲûɶ츳˹ֻ˵֣Ϲְˡ
㣿ݷݷЩ
֮ǰߴԨϽȥΪ̷ɽԾ
˿̣ڼʶ˶ƵĹ죬ԼˣԨڹȥ;УͻᱩжԨһȥҩڡ
˭֪ԨҾܾ
죬Եټ
ôһ仰ԨȻһЦޱأȥ
Ƿ򣬺Ȼǽ𷪣ǶƯλá
λãҲǱ̷ɽĽأ̣ء
ԨݷݷС
Ԩûлͷ
׽㣬Ȼذɣҩڵλã֪ġһãȻѡԨҲˡ
ƻһ̣ôƮߡ
һȺ֪롣



ڶһʮ Яͬ
ԨǰС
̷ɽǰһ
Ǭ½ڶֲҩݵʵİ
һʱд㣬ҩڵӴΪ̷ܱɽغ֮
Щ䣬ӡڵػԶĥ
ˣ˱̷ɽ֮УԣȻһݣǹʵΡ
Ӧȡ
üͷңŶƮ֮أ૵ȣ˱̷ɽĽأҩϽ̤㡣֮ˣΪڣҩʷϣλƶǰ
ȣҩҩڣõķͽ硣
Ƕβ𷪣ᵽȵĲԾǰ
ԨҲĥ͸
Ȼ䣬裬͵ػͷ
زأɡ
һ΢΢üǲ졣
֪˭
Ȼ
ɫɴĸĳ棬Ȼһ磬һ˫ľ˵¶棬ȻܸӦң
ΪβܣԨʡ
㾳΢ʶûᣬճ˵̫ܷҵġס֮Ŀķλ·бһ£˵ȥȣ
ԨȻ֪
λȡԾԾԣг˷ܵĹâ̷ɽüˣֻ˵ȵšҪ˺üΣȥȼʶʶҩھܾ
㵨Ӻܴ󣬾ȻһԵأҪȥȣ
ԨûпֻЦݹŹֵأô
һɺã
СԨҡҡͷǱߺ֣ҲŴգҴ㣬ҺȣӺҡ
쳣ʵһЦ̲סݺ㻶öЦһȣԨ˺Ȥ㲻֪˭ɣ
֪Ԩƽ
ҲҲ֪ڰ֣һ˲С˹ļƣҲƽϣΪʲôֻ֪㣬Ǭ½ڱ̷ɽͬˣֻҺȡ
Ԩ΢Цţ
֪ġ治˵һǵ΢һ㣬еΡŪķ۳ð׽㣬Щӹһ١С
ͣԨ
Ԩģе㲻֪룬ʲô
ƬƯȥģ׷ŹڵĶƣǱһµ顣ڱأǶҶܵؾ岻㣬ҿ㲢
ԨĵĶȻẦ¡
㲻һƺҲԸ㣬ȻͣһӺԸٶȥһָоڱ㣬Ʋһ
˵÷˼ǲԼˣ
ǰµ۹³ǵֻ꣬龳ѡ
ǵѪŨ̶ȣȷҲ쳣ĶǲͬѰĸߵȽǻ顣
ħ缫֮Ŀħǿ顣
ߵȽ׵ǻ飬ε۷ڣܹߵģֲ߱˼ͨ
࣬ǰСӣ
˻ԼЦԷǣûֻ״̬һˣ
һ̣ľͻҡ
һֱܵһֱܴݵİ³꣬ɫأг˾档
Ǽ䣬ԼֱжϣҵĸоǶԵģ
˵˵Ԩ¶ɫ֮Ѹٻָƽ˵Ƕ˿£ҡ
߿˳漸֣ʵѾͷͨʲôжϳǶϵġ
۹⣬ȻһĺãѡͽܣҲǻ档롣
Ҳûϵ治棬ڷЩ۳ԨԺûٸʵһ˵ֻϣһǰȡңͽ飬ұ֤㣬Σ
Ԩǣ΢Ц룬ͷˣðɡ
һϲôȻӦôʹˣ
Ѿͷе˼Ԩ̹Ȼ
⡭ѾͷȻӣôʦһŶûоӦñһҪСһ㣬㺰Ѿͷ
ʦԨЦЦʦǰ˵𣿡
ҡʵˣǬ½ߣûһˣô˵ʦԴ½ͼ½ܹʦƽƽģʦһصģҲһ˫֡
Ԩͷš
ţ澪
ţǽ˾㣬֪ͷˡԨپᣬ߰ɣһȥȣ;УҪҵġ
Ϊʲôҵģ
Ϊڱ̷ɽһЩ
ûмʶҵĽɣҩֻҵһȺðˣеĽɱܿ£
Ȼ֪ȺҩҲʦĶȤζڱ̷ɽսǺʵΨһ
㣬ô֪ҩʦĶȤζ
µġ
ٲ²±ģ
ˣ



ڶһʮ 
ɫһĺӳ
εɫ죬ƶ䡣
ԱߣģɢһЩ
ϣľ֦Ұã㣬˵ζ
ʮŮŮΧ̸Ц
ԨͳˣǺԱߣЩΧһˣһ㶡
˵أѾ̫Զƺͽ𷪣ѵûо
ԨǶʶ֮һѪ飬ͻ᱾ܵҪʳѸ׳Լ
Ϊ㣬Ŵ㾡أǶٴѱ
ڱ̷ɽΪºƽ١
۹ߡ
ԶЩ˼Ļ£һ۱Էĳͷҡ
Ԩϸע⵽Щ˵ļ򣬶һɫʨͷĻ£ķΣҲͬС졣
۹ҡ
һҲ֪˶Էݣˡ
ңǬ½ҲǼļ塣
ֻǣҲҩ

ں۹Ƿأƶ񤣬кܶɽʱ·˶Ǩȥ
ҾǶ֮Իõ½ڡָ㣬͡ڡʼձŽܵϵ
½ڣ£ɺҩȣڻһء
ڣȻƺΪʦۼ֮أȻħԴ½ĸţͬ׿Խʦ
ڵʦûܹ֤ǲǿߡ
ˣȻھӿڶʦһĵλԶܺҩȡ
ҩڣÿһƺΪҩһˣ
һŵ춨ҩڶһ޶ĵλκţκˣ޷ҩҩһĳȻλ
ǣһߴӲ꣬һѳ£Ȼһأų棬˵ǣ۹ĳС㣿
һλλΧ˺⡢ĺҶɺߣԺȻվ
ڶߣ˲ڳϡ
˵У¶˷ܣͲεĳݣ
棬·ĿеŮ
ԨΪ֮ȣأҲ濴
һۣһЦԺ˵ҡ
Ȼ㣡
۹ϻ壬棡
λ״ͽܣ
û뵽Ȼڱ̷ɽλ˵е콾
ҵЩˣĪԵ쳣˷ܡ
ų꣬ԱݣҽкԺ۹ĺң̷ɽҲҩڵ롣ǺңҪҩڹһЩҩҩ֮ǰίǣƵһЩ¯бҲ͹
֣ĻһԵ㣿
滹ûд𻰣Ԩ˵ͷȹ
һֱǰԨͣ£˵磬ˣ
ҹӪģԹȥҩڡؿΪһλ֡
ʶȤأһ̵ȣ˹
תֵԨ
ԨҲһѽӹҧһڣһ䣬㺬˵ûڵһλߣУûпһƬƴأͷƮƴأռʮĶǲɫġ
ǣ֬ǻڣҲ⣬Ȼˡ
λǣ
ҶУһڳİߣŴõԨ档
˿̣εģҲ߽˹
ҵһѡ
ڴһ䡣
ˣȻ𾴣
棬ƺΪѵģҪô۹
ҪôԴ½ڵߣ
С磬ͦϲҿƵʳһλŮЦӯӯأǰ
һʵĲ̣ڣβտõ㣬һֻҰá
ҰãĽƣ֭ð˱ǡ
Ѳϣŵкܶء
л
Ԩӹź˵ûм
½أִ龳ڣǾһִ󣬾ʳ
ѪԪ֮࣬Ѫĵҩ
ħȻȻأҪ̳ڶ̺ŨѪࡣ
ϺҰãţ⣬ֻġ
õѡѪУзѪޡޣĶ棬Ѫࡣ
˵ˣѪ̲صѪԽ棬龳֮Խ
ǰѡʱ䣬ʳѹţ߳½أ̷ɽʳãѹơ
˿̣õζĿƲˡ
ˣѯʺʱڴسԡ
أڳĺҲգ۹ĳҲãֲ֡
龳׶Σʳﱩǣе˵֡
ܿ죬ǾͱЩ֡
ڣԨԵģʵֶֿࡣ
ƺûмҹʱ򣬶˯ˣҲ֪ûй˾˵û⡣ҡҡͷ̹Ե
ȥҩڣΪʲôԨ˺⣬ٴʡ
ǱҩǱ˵ȥһȣȣҩڵˣӴǡӦ
Ԩ˺ҧĶȻͣȣҩڣҪȥȣ
ǰôˣʲôԾ𣿡
ܲԾ



ڶһʮ Σ
ȡ
ü΢һ˫ʵҲ
ȱҩΪأΪˣҩڲûж͡
󣬼϶ҩһȤ̷ɽȥȼʶʶ
ҩڣûԸ
ҩڣܾȵ⣬Ϊλһǰ
ôԾˣ
Щ֪룬Ҳ֪ҩڵĽأˣڲ˵롣ɽعأҲҩڹƵİͶ£뿪ˡ
ȣûô򵥡Ԩҡͷ
һһںҵˣȻĬ
@
ų룬ƤߣǰԨ˵Сֵܣ֪һЩʲô
Ԩ⣬ֱɨһա
ҽк¡
ŮһЦŤתȥܿʢ̣ٴӭ˫ַϡ
ںУ۹ĳ棬Ǭ½߸ϵĴ
߹츳ھ۹类ʦУνǵòˣ˵Ƶһ
ѣѰ
Ϊ㣬ǺҲ൱߿Ԩ㿴Ԩ硭ֻ龳
ȱҩΪأΪȵĹڣżλжģҩǰͽԨšһβ㣬Ժ˵Щҩʦûһ򵥵ġ֮⣬ȵ磬궼ɢġ
ʲô@Ȼ
ʲô磿Ҳ
ȵ磬磬Ԩ
磡
ˣ΢΢һȵ磬ӺζȣҩΪأ²Ϊǰɣ
ţΪ˷ֹԨͷ
Ǳߣ»еգǺңҪҩڵķԸԥһ£Ȱ˵ֱȥҩڵأǺҴģǰƵĵ¯£Ȼӱ̷ɽ뿪
Ҳʶʶҩʦʢء̬˵ѵùһˣ뿴Щҩʦο˺ͽ׵ġ
ҩڵķԸΥˣ̫áһΪѡ
ֻǺ@Ԩһɫء
̷ɽʲôԾģ@룬ٴѯʣȣǲǷǳΣգǺһ˹ȥѵ⣿
ڵı̷ɽкܶ鷢Ҳкܶڵ˳û˵ͷҪǣǱߵȷΣա
ԨҲһ⡣
Ǻúһ°ɡ
涪仰Ԩһۣȥ
Ԩʢʳ̣һͬߣű̲ĺ棬˵硭
㣡ȻŤͷССİ³ǣô֪磿Ҫû˵Ҷ벻ڱ̷ɽȣȻĳ֣
Ԩǳ˺档
ǰԷ۳ݷݷ˺ְԶϷɫĳŪڽ𷪵죬ش
龳ģֵһľΪֶŪڹ֮䡣
ֶǰϤ֪ν磬Ȼǿֲ硣
ˣʲôͷ
غӣԨһ졣
ôˣҲ档
ԭʱ۹ĺغӣȻҲˡ
غһλкµŮȻͼ磡
ֱ
ҵĺк@ˣغ֮ҲЦݣƺǾʶ
磬ϵ𣿡ǰߴߴأױƵģ棬ԨǷ˵
Χغӣһȸǻá
ɵӶܿǶôϲغӡ
غɫ·һ˵꣬ü³ݼҵģһСүжʶȥȣܻΣգΣˡ
³ǣݼңü˵µ۹³ݼҵģ
غӵͷ
ôСļ尡ɫ֮УȻһЩмΪͳ½һ۹ſءԭֻһٻļһˡңһȻ˵˵
̼䣬վغһߣԨָ
λ@ҲغӵĻ
С磬ǰ³ǣݼҵӵܣ@ԥһ£ͻ
ԨЦŵͷ˵ûҳµ۹³ǣݼҡ
е̷£ȻһЦлд
ûں߶ͣҲûкͺҽʲôԨأźߣȷȥ
۹ĳ棬Ȥأʼչ۲
ˣɴµǣһĨЦݣҲ˹ȥ
С㣡
˵Ľ£ǳţȫȻӡ
غıӰԵЩãȻʧ䡣



ڶһʮ ĵ¿η
磿磿
غҡҡ֣ٴغӵע
@ͺЩˣһΧ˹
Ԩ֪۹ͺ۹У۹֮䣬ʱ߶
Ϊ˵غӣͺ۹ĺң˫廹Լ
ң۹ܶƣԴںҡ
غӣҲȥΡ
µһΣڼݵִغӣ㷼İغӡ
óҩһ츳Ƿغӣֳ۹ң˱ľѡ
ǧϡ
ֻǱߣغעҪ׿Խҩ츳ڱ̷ɽ½ҩᱻҩڵġ
غӣҲûб̬ԸȢΪޡ
£ûб̡
ңͺҵѺùϵҲûʲôӰ졣
غӣλԨͳС㣬ʹӹϵ@üͷ˵ʹӣҲɵС۹ŮʱµʹλͽܡСԴ½עҪġ
ͷδĺأһϯ֮ء
ʹӡغһڷɫ䵭ֻ;żȻˡҲ֪СʲôʺˣȻȤ
Ԩ𣿡һλҵĿѯʡ
غӴ
µ۹³ǣݼңԨ
λںҵĿ䣬׽һٺһЦ˵ˣ˵а³ݼҵСүƺһɵӰµ۹µޣϵδޡ
˻һһЩ䣬ȻЦ
Щ䣬ǳԺ۹еǰµ۹ˣµ۹첻ȥ߷£ȥ˺۹ںΪ䡣
صģ˺ҵֶΡ
һЩˣ֪Ԩ˭ȴ޵δ
ʲôºѯʡ
ҵЩ䣬һһʮأ˵Ԩͷ˵µ۹гɵţµ۹ΪЦ̸ȥЦݼңޡ
꣬ƲƲ죬Ȼһһһô߿
ˣĽ飬ȫԲǡп˵
˷׷׵ͷ
ǣǺܿ;ԨĽ顣
ȶȥ

ԲԵɽּ䣬ԨͻȻֹ
Ĺ⽣͸Ҷ϶˽ҫڴء
رһ⽣̳ܶ㡣
ԨüͷǰһؽذӨӨͷ˵Щǽڣһ࣬һޣӦǲ̫ױθͱ³ˡ
ԶԶһۣü󲿷ֹͷˣֻٲɽڵޡʲôʳǵѪ⣬º鷳ͷ³
֪𰸡
Ԩűӣⲽǰ˿һأҰɫĴͷ˵˹ǣĳ޵ĺȡѪǱȫʴˣĤʧɾ
治ֻಽظ档
Ԩܿվһλ˵֪Ϊʲôܾ棬һս
ս澪
ţҩڽģЩʷϵĶҩʦԨۣ˵̷ɽģӦòֹǽһˡĶ棬ޣʵΪҩʦ
κ˶ڵ̵ʲô
ת֮ʦֵĸԣڵһʱ͹Ʋϵ
ڣֻķڱˣЩס
ҩڽȵģһλλҩʦֻ֮ҪŹǰ½ܳΪڵǿ
⣬Ƕ֮󣬽סȦҲҪҩʦ
ڣڶ˵ִҩڲӲ
ҪһһֱԨͻȻʡ
ģҲġ
ǺáԨ˵ͷ˵ҵˣʲôغӣȣΣգҲǡ
˶٣˵Щ⣬ֻܻȡһѡǲţͻѰ·ˡ
㲻ؽͣҺͺңغӣûʲô顣ЦҲ⡣
ã
պ
ԽԽԨȻУһλĴ󺺣¶ïܵҶ֮ϣҡҡڰڵأȶȥ
λıδ󺺣Ҫͷӹʱ͵ضס
һأ·ҶµԨŴͣ˵ô⣿
ٴУһΪֲĽ⣬š
ܸӦǴ󺺱֮ǰڵĽ𷪣Ϊǿ
ȥԨһ˵һȰȥȣмܲס



ڶٶʮ ʶ
ХڰѰڶţһƬƬۣƽ졣
ʱ£λĴ󺺣øΪǿˡ
ʧȥɫڵХ֮УԼѪӿ
ԨиӦһ׹½Х֪ʲôǿˡ
Хûʱ̬塣
˴Ļ飬ûѪ⣬ܶеǿѪͨûʩչ
ֻʣХֻǹ
ڣȻ̬õеѪ
ͺñȣǿߣɱΪԴѪΪһѪ塣
ХеѪζӦҵһ·Ѫ֮·
ХǴ壬ˣ˵ĻѪ
辶ִԡˡһ֣ȫµķʽֶΣѪ塣
·½ʱǿˡ
Ҳġ
ȻԨһſھ˵Ҫȥȣ˵мܲס
½أ֪Ԩ֣½ʱԨһ棬һצȥͽԨץˡ
۰۰˵ֱۣá
Ϊצܴʯ˺ѻǡ
ССһ龳ߣû½ص󷨱ӻڱ̷ɽµطһץ£
ôˣ
ХֱۣżԹ̬Ԩ
ע⵽档
ХͻΪɫۣ͸Ӳӽ⡣
Хһһ⣬ͻڱŷ
Хɫͫһٴζ࿴˳漸ۣ鶼࣬ǿĽ⣬˽Ӧʦų͡
治ҵͷʦԽڡ
ˡХüûк˼ٴοԨ½ʧ֮󣬲˶㡣ȻˣԹԻµ۹̷ɽУȣ㶼֪ʲô
氵档
λҡХȽ֮񣬶Ҫǿһ
˸߸ϵ࣬ôʶԨ
˲ݣʵر𣬿ХԨƺƽȵģʢˡ

ҩڣȥμҩʦĿˣʱı⡣Ԩһ䣬ȥȸʲô
ҲǱе㲻̫ԾХҲȸвĪͷɢһءܱߣ󷨣㡣ɲ֪ôʧЧˡ
ȣһֱǱ̷ɽΪصĽأҩʵʵ
ܶ˲²⣬ҩڰڷϡ鵤֮أ˵ҩڵĲر⡣һУܶĺҩݣȥ
ХֱԲ䡣
ԨΪ֮Ȼ
ҥԣһױʵԻġ
Ϊֹ硱ȣУȻҩڵĲر֮أХ졣
ˣûʲôҩϡҩݣֻ鷳Ԩ
Ҳ鷳ХһЦСС̷ɽҩڣҺΣ棬ʲôܣԼȥڳ
ԨСԼأû½أˡ
ûȰ˵Хһ·ЦţïܵɭϷӹ
нԶ
ôϵãƢôãԸĺ㽲һӷѽ⣬
ƢȷʵЯԨЦ
ûһ滰淭һۡ
˼롣
ȵٽ˻ХȻ
ţǷĺХ޵ŭ𣬺ǹŹ֡
ۿȽֱĳ棬ԽطŻŲ˵Ԩ˵ĿûǷһս
ܸоԨ档
оʲô𡣡ҡͷԶԶȷĿУĲǳӿƴʦڵطжϳǱߵսӦòˣܲͽȥġ
ԨͻȻͣ£ɫô˵ڲǿˡ
Ӧˡ
ݣ
һλһĨӰڰ䡣
ӰУӲֹס仯
գΪ½Ϥģλڰͯӡ
Ԩ
Ŵ죬ʧɫصԨȵǱΣգǧȥ뿪ȥҩڱѣһƬƣ治֪Ǳʲôɱ䣡
˭ˡ
ǰڰͯӣһȫȻİѽ̬Х졣
Щ꣬ôʶԨ



ڶٶʮһ һ
ȷԨҲء
Ƕѳɳ˵ز
ͯӵ˵ڴɱ䣿
Х죬ǰͯӣǱȽǿһĴڡ
Ľɱ䣬ѹһλԨ֡
ǣХ죬ǰͯӣڶǿ߶岻Ԩˡ
֮飬ҪΪʱ䣬ܳɳǿ
츳Ԩ֪Ҳ֮䣬ǿ˵زˡ
ǣбĻԵ
ѵִ˸߶ȣȽ׵ĽȻҲԤϡԨ˼Ļ׼ЩֶΣƣǷܷã
ǲǹȣյ룿
Ա㣬ȻɱңԾ󻼣װңϵɺ
һͷԨԺ
פԭأ
ѯʣȻҲûᣬţúȥδӡ
ԨԨ
ڰͯӣӳ״̬ѡ
˵أ½أ㲻යɫϿң˵ѿȻ롣Х첻ǰ֪ؽȥˣҿҪ˶ãԴйڵˣΪȲر
˭뵽Ӳ½ҩڣȻȦа
ֲɱٳɳһ֣ܳΪǬ½جΣ
óΪɵǶ
Ԩ룬˵Ҿ䡣ҡãúһ롣
ͯԾȵɫ˵ˣҲȰ㣬ϣΪ֮
ûٶԣλ½أΪֻͯӣһâԶȥ
˭
ȥ󣬳һѯʡ
Хһ㣬½أҴԽƬأ̷ɽʱλһ顣ԨȻ
죬㻹ڽύ
Ԩ
ǣȥѯʡ
ȵȵȿԨ°ͣ˵ʲô˽룬ٿʲô˳ƵĶҪʱ䣬жʲôΡ
ƺʶ˵ǰҾ;ã㲻һ˽ϰԣȻ㣬а׽ǣǱߡ𷪣Ҳļ޻Ųˡ
ԨĮȻˡ
ϣˡ̾һĵҲܣǶйأôҲ˵ͨҲںˡ
Ԩٴ𻰡
ȣһؾˣԶڵĹХԾ衣
˽룬ֻ΢кڡ
ҩڵĿ䣬ΪҲ̤ȣ
һˣһλԦȣ

֪ʲôÿһʱ䣬ѡ
ֻҪǿߣȣӦ֪Էľս
ЩˣԨԼ׽Ǳߣһ֪
Σȵˣʶ̽ߡ
˸Ӧ
ÿʱͷһƽ⡣
һп̽ߣ˲֪ݣҲûĲ鿴ʶͻһš
Ԩʶ治Ǭ½Դ½ͼ½ߣҲͷС
һ֪пߣϢġ
Żˡ
һΣڳͷŽ⣬֮Ԩ̲ס˵
ҡЦŻ˵ģҵʦ
Ԩһ䣬Ů˵ĳƢʵ㹻ǿʱȷʵˡ
˵ʲô
ûʲô˵ʦԨ
Ŷ
һӺ
ɪɪУغӣ@µһں˿䣬ղֳ
С㣡
@Ȼ𾴣ЦԶ˵ˣٴμ
ͷ񣬲ûж˵ʲô
غ۾һѸΪҪڣ㡣Īɡڵǣ
üĿЦȴҡҡͷ˵ǡ
غЩΣԴǵ֪ôӻ
ǽԨ԰ɣһΪ۹Դ½ģûϵ㾹Ȼ԰³ǣݼңüǳŲм
˼СطЦˡԨȻ⣬ӣó·Ҫȥȶ԰ɣƺֵͦģҲףһ˳
һرĻ쵰һۣЦ
ڣ˿̶ôտֲ֪
ԺЩˣغӵľΪðȻǰ
²Ǽڽһ䣬Ԩ·
˵һ·
ն



ڶٶʮ Ϯ
ܶ˽ȥˣء
浹Ҳûˬԭأ˵ҩڣûжǷ룬ǲģҲ̫ʡԣεε
аԨ̬ȣҲǰ⡣
ԣҲãغҲգ⡣
ܶˣ
@һüͷһ˵ôкܶˣУϣʲôˣ
ҡͷꡣ
ԨһߣӣʾС
ٴʱû˺ϵЦգǺ¶ģǲм
ó·üȻԽ
ͷˡ
Ҳã̲ʲôգԨǰʱͷ⡣
ԨֻЦЦעⰲȫ
֮󣬺@кҵˡ䣬½Ԩǰ߹
غƲǰһͬУ
΢Ц˵ˡ
һĻ˴ҲӦغȰ
ΣеЦٴҡͷ
غΣе̾һ֣ʹ˱
ͺһѡǰ̷ɽĽأȥصȡ
֮󣬴һ˾ʧҰԨ˵֮·գһߴٲ
ΪȻ·ϣκһˣ⣬ֺƺġҪȥƫƫ
ôоˣԨбһۡ
ֻǸпѡ
û⻰λĺˣЩҵˣԺҲˡԨһ£ͻȻԭ¡
ȡʯһԲأȡʯڵԼС
һԣûȥСɷħСۼͻⱻλŮˣƳ֮
أЩرڽĴ壬Ѵ龳ڡ
ĿǰģǳµͥһͥѨϳԴԴµ
ͥУҪһء
ܴͥʱʩչྫա
˿̵龳ֻǿᣬĤǿѡ
˵ˣս̵Ļ
ߣ̫磬̫ķ򰾣ֻħߣڴ˾ûܾá
ԨһСɷħֱصĻطϴ裬֮ǿ̶ȣѴﲻ˼ز
ֻԽ˹أµﳨ·ϣҡ
ͥԴ½½Уߵؼһŵı־
о˵ͥߡ
ͣͣ
ŵ貹ҫҵС̫ΪӲ⣬µͥ
ײ壬⽦УԨٴ޹
еһʯҺɫ۳һء
ߵͥߵͥͥѿ
Ԩиһ䣬Ӵ˼ͻָ˴ݣ١
ܣûпӰв죬ΪѾͷı⣬ٺһȥȣĵطˡ
ҲźվҪطܷ꣬׽УǶĶ
ôȥʱһ˺ѶĤļХȷȻ
ХǼ䣬ġ
ôԶԨؿһʹɫ΢䡣
ȻȻظӦһλλ𵴵ǿߣͼ롣
ֻϧЩǿײڣĻ֮ϣ׷ױȥ
ܣӦЩǿߵĿ־;
Լ䣬ХĺԨңӡ
Х·ھ̬£ڿʼˡ
ȵͻ䣬Ԩһʼеͷԡ
ֱ
ٿȻһĨ磬ɫɴ¶ų֮ɫԨ磡ڣ֪ʲôѨȻð˳ֵǣȥģӻŷȵ󷨣Էγɣ
һԨȻɫ
ףЩӿȵǿߣƴˡ
Ϯ
ͷŵģ޾磬пܣʹģһԺԨͻȻˣˣӦʱ䣬ǿ󵽣ڶǿ߿־ĵز
磬ټ󷨡
Ԩüͷȣ˽ս
ҽ飬Ѹ뿪ߣҩڡ⣬ԶԶ˼ۣܶˡˣһ˵ɽȣӦȫˡûнȥģѾƴˡ
ɽȣƳߣɡ
ṳ̂ߣٶݣһ
ȥȣ
ԨһͻȻӿ죬ȱȥҲ֪ҩˣûȵĻңԴ½ؽڣȥʦаɡ
ľһ·ԥ֪롣



ڶٶʮ ȣ
Ȼ֣ȫ
δ䣬̫ƽȫʱһֱСǻȺ
ٳٲ롣
λĴ󺺣Ȱ˵֪ա
񣬴ҷڶǿ߱ƬƬҲԤ֪дֲƫƫȻǰС
Ĺ۲죬Ǳ˵ľ
Ȼ¼伥ЦҪͺȥ
Ϊˣ
ˡ
գֻҡҡͷ
ˣƮƮظһƤʣ羫Ƴ
ʣҲֻǽʶѣ沢ûн
ɲƤʵ㷢һ˫ʱһѳʵС
Ԩ
һȡ
ɽּ䣬񱼵꣬Ȼͷ
ݣ
һԶǵִͣͷ
֣һ̡
Ԩ̧ͷȿƤʣžƣеɭȻ⣬Ĭ룬˵ͷ
ż⣬ų֣һקն
һ˲ҲƤʣڳ
׶۰ĽʣɲǣͻȻٴοǾƣˮ
ԨɫУûֻǿ󾱣һ㡣
š
һڣסͣͣٴ˵Ҽ򣬷һ㣬̫˻ˡ
ԨǷЦá
ֻ֣ڳ˫磬ȡ
ûüĴ򣬽µƤʣһ磬ƿն
ߵһоۣѸʧˡ
ƤʵԨЩ㱣ԽǰҲǲƤʣԴ½ͼ½ɽ󴨷š
ͬǣǰģǳʦ
ʱֻ֣ҲǷ򣬶ǡ޹ǵ֫
ڷ۵糸ʱ§һ㣬ƽỺʱһЩλǽڴЦ

һ̾
С㣡
Ҳڴ˿̣µĺغӣƴҡּС
ʵķٶȷŻ
Ԩͷܿһʮˣ˿ֻʣˣ£Ǻ@ԲС
غӣҿ䣬ͷɢǻѪ
͸֧ѪҪݣķΡ
Σգ
ɫҰǱʹ֮ɫСã壬Һˣ̤ȵǣѲҩΪǬ½ҩʦʥ֮أȻȦֲӺǣ
ҩڣֱǴ½ĶҰģһλŭɶ
غƤӣ΢΢ţҩڣȻк½ߡΪصȣ˿ֲаûκ֪
С㣬ϽͷѸ̷ɽٴȰ˵
ллǵѡ浭Ȼ
Ƥٴηɳ
ѾǱ̷ɽΪ֮صȣԨߡ
ȣѱɫûԶԶȥ·Ƥĺͯҵī֭ͿȾɽȡ
ǺХɽеڴ
ƤԨ£ͻȻͣͣɽȵڣмʮԶʱԨһͻɿڳ˫֣һԾ¡
ɽ֮⣬̧ͷ˵лһ̣ڿԻͷͺغӻϣԶɽȡ
ҺȻˡ
ԨΪǽʻ壬ܰȻͲ
һ䣬֪ǽػң
µġԨ䶶˶
ڶɳ΢Сʮķ۳Ӭ㣬Ͳɳܱߣڡ
˾ǣЩ۳أƯš
Ԩߣķ۳ʼΧɢҲҡ
濴һ˵Ȼ㣡
ȣ
Ԩߣͫаﶷ־
ʱٶ꣬ٴ̤ȣⷽⲼõĽأϤĲϤ󷨡
޹
һ𣬸涼ķ۳΢㣬ȷӿȥ
ȣɽȵĵصҶͨ˻ǶѵĹХ
ŨŨҶƯ͹ڵĶƻӣֱ˴ˡ
ƵƴЩҶڣȡ֣Ѹٵ׳š
꣡꣡
εĽϣԨڷ۳ķݣȻζ
һ޴Ķ쵰Σɫ֣쵽أȫС
ɫĹ֣ϸ磬˿Щ
ûɽȵģƣҶڵһֶصɫī֭͸Щ磬ǹ
ϸ˼ۣͻȻνġɫī֭ؼĸ綾֭Һ
綾֭ҺڣҶڣΪ
һһעɫĹ֣Ϊ󷨵ԴȪ
˹֣붼룬֪涾ɱ



ڶٶʮ Ļ

ɫĹڣȼһشزʴ硣
һۿȥǹǱȼ͡죬ճ
һλ֪ͷ΢ߣͻɫ֣ŤжǾһеس⡣
ݣ
ɫڣؽ
˵ؽ˲䱻š
Ź֣ԨؿһŰƴСĻȼ֮£̶ʱ仯һ̯Ѫˮ
Ȼͷอյڡ
ƤӣȻһ£ȣԨ
ȵĶ˵Ŀ£龳ΪԨ˿̻룬ʲô
ûµġԨȻգͷ΢΢һЦ
Цݣ˵ĴݵóЩ㯡
·ԨǰȥѼͰ㡣
סȵ󷨣ļģ㲻󣬹ȥȵ
أ½ĸʽ󷨡
ϵڡԪںͽڣµǬ½һЩ壬ħгħڡѪ֮࣬νаħ֮ж
󷨣ܱӻţأǿС
Ŀ󷨣˼縺εģɱģйؼ汸ġ
󷨣Ϊ߸ȼ
ڡԪڡڣŻѪ͵Ĵ󣬵ǧػεģģ߼Ĵ
󷨣ҪʯάϵҪʱάйѲܡ
߼Ĵ󣬴Աھǿߣһ֮ڶʱ乥ʶ͸
˵ȴָ
ȻģԴ½ߴڣʥأɷѿĵعʹ
󣬻ξ硢񾳽ߣҲƿ
ڼǿߣпͨص֮ٵȻ롣
棬弶Ĵ񾳵ߣкܴܴƣǿд룬񾳺ͻξԣء
ļĴ󣬴΢񾳣Իξǿ˵вѡ
ΪλͽܣԴ½ĽУ󷨵ĵȼкܸ߼⡣
λ΢Լһ£ΪȵĴļ󷨡
΢񾳣ļĴУأܼ
ΨеִξߣڣСĵػ
ļ
ǰԨЦһ˵Ҳδ⣬̫Ļ˰ɣ
Ļ󣿡ãȻһֶȻ֪󷨵֣𣿴󣬾ʲôȼ
Ӧ弶Ԩ˵
Ӱһ𣬡Ǭ½弶Ĵָ۹Ҳֻҳ¼ң弶Ĵػ
۹ĳϣ˻塣
۹Ůʱ£ΪǬ½һˣ
¼ңҲԱΪǬ½ǿļ壡
˳¼ң弶Ĵӻ
ҩȻ⣬Ǭ½أڳУУҩںͳ¼ȻԱġ
һҩΪصȣȻ弶Ĵ
ʵ
弶Ψдﵽߣпƿɳ롣
һ弶ĴҪķѶٵģάϵһ弶ҪٵʯҪ
ҩڣܺ۹ĳϱȵ̣ôŵס
Ļ󣬼ټ磬ȣǻΪǿ֮ءԨһ̾ͻȻ롣
ɫĹ֣ʵľ磬ȼյĻ磬ԺΣա
ڳ澪Ŀ£ֻһʹӹʧڹڣټ
ƤʣڹվţԨϢʧĸɸɾһ˿
弶弶Ĵ񼶱ǿߣܱ֤ȫġ
ţͷƤʣԥ˺ܾúܾãǲԨ㣬֪һͷȥ
ֻȡ
ף
ȴʱعͷʱķλ
ϧ
ģغһˣغ⣬˽
к˺Ϳ䣬Ƕ˸ɾ
λѾԶȣû룬һʱ䳷ˣһӺˡ
춾룬͸֮󣬻
ֻʣһغӣҩʦԭҲµģӻõĽⶾ裬촽࣬Ǽѵػ
ԶԶȥܼغӣûʬֻǳҩڶȥ
Ļ弶Ļ硭
üͷ󣬡ʦ˵磬˵ĺޣûϸʦֻ˵Ӧʱ磬˵Ǭ½Ҳܳ֡Ļƺƺʦʲô̸ʱһ䣬ϧҵʱСڴУûϸ
ԹԹԼûܹһãûŪĻ
Ϊʲô֪

ڡ
һĻ󡱵Ԩһ磬͹ģżĲ졣
ڣе򣬶ɫû
ֻɽȵգǺģһƬƬһشأһģ񷶥Ʋ
ɽڵĳ൱ܿһصʬ塣
ܿװڲͬ۹ͬżߡ
УԴ½ͼ½ͣ
Ԩ
ХȻҲڹڣԨ֮ͻȻ໺
Ǽ䣬ڻҴˣ
㣡
ڵĽ𷪣Ҳɽڣһ䣬ָԨһԹ˵ӣǻǹںµλ



ڶٶʮ ȦѪʳ
ȣ
վڹڵԨһʱ䣬ϰԵȹ۲컷
ͷһʱ֪Ϊʲôȣ·𶼱Ƹûˡ
ΪǡĻ󡱵ɫֻ֣ɽȵĵһ㡣
֮һ㣬
ЩɫĹ֣Ϊڶ㡣
ȥ͸Ĺֺ棬ӿģɫƣɵĴȣû
֮ԽĻ󡱣ٿЩƣִڲ
棬ڶƴڣҲû취ĳ档
֪Ļ󡱣ʴʶЩƣˣڡ
ͬģڵХ𷪣ҲƵĴڣ档
ɽȣ㱻Ļ󡱣еڶƸա
УźģΪŨ
ǱС

һеĹǽڣӨŲӲӻâӿеŨɫ̳
һ䡣
ڴϣһ߸ߴʬǰ뻡εİӨǽڣͰǻ
ʬն˲ûյĲʴ
꣡꣡
ʬǱʳ׽ģëȻ޼ɵ
ɽУǰָԨǳģڵĽ𷪣ͻȻĬɫҰ׵أٶ˵ʲô
ƺѾ֪Ѳˡ
ȻˣȥԨ𣬻ʲô壿
ݣ
ХŵԨ࣬ǿɬҸĻͲӦ̰ĵʹȡ
ûڲѡ
;кԨԨȰȡ
ƫƫֻȲҩڵ䱦ΪѰѪǿԨȰ˵һͷ롣

ҵġ
ԨƳһۣͷֱ׳С౶
ǰХףϰ̬Ҳͬô˴
˴⣬Ϊ;޴ȳΪĿꡣХҲÿɳܣСһ㣬ǼһͲὫңΪһѡ񡣡
ָָϵơ
ԨûмŽֿڵı𴦡
ɽȻǿڴϣѾмʮŮŮʬǣһЩڱ̷ɽޣݣļ弶ĵȽס
У@һںҵ˿䣬ҲЩʬС
綾
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ǿХࡣ
Щˣɢɽȸܿɽ
ɽƱжԱߵɽʯڣҲ俪ڶපڡ
Ҷ͵ص׶ڣð뵽ϣСĻ󡱣ǵڶУṩάϵ󷨵
ԨΪδ֪ص磬֪ǲǱţǶƣûڹڴ
ɽȣ˸ԺͻжȻɣ֡
Хʱͣȴҷ֣״ɽҪ뿪ʱƺȻðҲһ̣й紵ԻǣŹιǰĿ˺
ƫƫѪǣ޷赲磬ֱϵʶ
һƬǺУܶѪ˺ѣ޷֮
յУһؽذĹͷ絶и
Ƕɱһ֣صʬǣǵһֱɱߡ
ʳޣƺһԣ̫ʬǣ̫ܳࡣԣЩ˻ţܼ

Х˵棬Ѿ侲ô
Ԩͷ
һһ³ʵࡣ
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ϵЩʬǣҲҪһӣȫɾ
ˣݣһѪͻȻš
ĻסɽȣĹЧصأӻŵٶȣҲȫתع
ˣһȻţɱ
Ҫһأ󻯣ļֵեɾ
һˣʳˣֵ𷪣ȻХ
Ļ󡱣ڶĶƣ磬ЩҴߣܰȡ
ȥȦѪʳ
ΪԽˣԽ죬ɱġ
ǿģúãԸʱȥȡ֣Ѱһֵס
꣬ʱ̫ˣҶƿء
ԨҲϰ£Źڵľƣʾ֭ţȥ
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ת֮Сʱε˲кδ̤֮·ز۶
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ǶϣǶոճɳʱԼ࣬ԼΪԼһػߡ
жǶ̷ɽӦֻļ
ܸܴʼƿ֣Ϊá
ûԤϵת֮·ӻꡣ
֮ǶǿģԶ
ܿƣʹܣҪҪţһֱķʽദ
ԨĥţŶƣͷۡ
Ԩ
ߣһλͻ̶Х
гԹӽ𷪿УʳԨݺ
ʱԨش
Ԩһ
˿̣֪ǰ꣬ȻǴ½߳Ԩ֪ҲɱԨ
ɻǵ
أԹأԨ



ڶٶʮ ˭
ҶԨνǺ֮ǣ
ͨ녣֧ͨʳԨ䣬Ԩش
Ҳ
Թڣ˵̷ִɽܱߵĹǿߣֻһ녶ɱ֡
ԻָǱڱ̷ɽͼıȵĶҩʦδϵԨ
Ԩĺ⣬˽𷪣
ˣӽ𷪵ĿУһ֪ͻȻ꣬Ԩ̲סˡ
٣ԭӡ
ԨֿȻһЦͷڽԣ֮⣬һԱģֺߡ
߷ҲԹڣĽɫۣкܶͭǮķš
ߺͽ𷪡һ㣬˹ˣǴЦݣԨ˵ͷ
һ̣ұ˳
ɽУ˵ߣͻȻڳϡ
Щˣ󲻽⡣
ҶΪǶѪʳֻһһѣαػҪɱ
벻ף

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߸ȭͷһСĹ˲ڿƯһ˹
ͬʱҵ̰Ѫ塣
̰ĳ񣬾ö֮УƿعҪɱԨ
Хֿ죬ٺһЦҡҡͷ
𷪣һλԱĹͷһХЦݲ̣ͻȻв
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ХȻ
ԨͷһŨĶƣȻڵ
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صˣҪĨɱԨһֻϰף
Ԩƾʲôҳȥ
ƾʲôХ֣
ڵСǿģ޴һλҫ۹ߣҡҡͷԴǵУǳЦ
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ڣ٣
ԨһХ
˻Х
ɽȵˣԺȻңұڽȥ
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ұɱԨΪؼʱ̣Ӱεԣ
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ڶٶʮ ս
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ɽУһλŮӣʧС
ŮòֻѰҲСϣ½ǱأźܶС
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ԨðͷԳҵĺĳ֡
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ΪǶãǶǱڶĶҩʦġ
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ԨãΪȽףѽͻƵһΪǿ߶ȣԼһЩ˼룬׽
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ΪĴڣǼġ
ЩӡǣҲԼĸӹϵ
ֻǣףĳɳҲʶԼͳǻбĿġ

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Լں˼ϵʱҲڿǣжϡ
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ԨüͷʱһֱܸӦƵĿӡ
ת֮Լʲô״̬ߡ
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ɱԼ
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ԨʶڣֻҪڣǲκˣɱԼġ
ԼҪҲֻᱻɱǱˡ
ϣҪХס
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Ը࣬Ҳˡ

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ܶҶݶЩԺо綾۵Ļ󡱣еڶơ
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ȶֵģǵȻǼʶŮӴӽ߳ɱʳţ֮ǿҲǰ취˺ܾúܾãûѹЩƣϵв
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Ůӱͷ俴ХһۣĮȻ˵һ֣ļһûʲô档
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ХλˣΣҲǲܺᲢۡ
ȻڵڣҲѹ˰裬ͱˡ
ΪԴ½ڵУǱⷽصߡ



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ڡԪںͽڵߣȻԽУҸٹ̡
Դ½ڣڼΪͳһֱΪħаħ
̤֮·ںأ֮ǧߣǿĴʡ
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ִ壬½мĹɢɢĵ졣
ڶĺŮӣչ¶֮ԴǺɫ֮УǶ˵ꡣ
Хӣһ㲻
Ҫģڵݣ
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ɽһǣһλǿߣ߳
Ϊˣθߴץһƺ«˵۹˵۹ڣʥĴϡ
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ҵȴӳ۹˳۹ˣԸʦһ
ҵɻҫ۹ϣܺʦһ룡

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֪ʦȻԴ½ڣðԨԶԶųȻЦݣ˵о綾ǵᱻֺˡСҲһ⣬ֻǹż˵̬Ȳá
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Ůһ£񣬺Ȼº࣬ڰ֣˵֪ˡԨʲôµ۹԰ɣ
ԨЦŵͷ
Сӣɷħǿ֮ġŮۣ˵ɷħڱ֮ɷħѾʧӺεģ
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ɷħ治Щƺη塣Ů棬ָԨԽļض˵㷴ƺ嶾Ͱ̽̽·ȥģúð£ٲĺô



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ͬŮӶģһʥߣôһ˵϶ǲ⡣
ȵǰÿɵһðݵľ綾
硣
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ЩԻʶŸʴ
Ԩ̤ȣʵҲЩضһֱұں󣬷ͣ
˿̣Ůվ棬ȻָʹԨȥ̽·
ţ·ͻûȥƽԨçײʵҪԨȥ飬ҪԨȥ
Ů˵³ҡ
ЩипԼϵվӣͬһߡ
ԶХֱ۱磬ţȻƮɫأԨ

Х롣
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۹µ۹ߣħϫδָʹԨ¡
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÷ݡŮɫ΢䣬
ԭ÷ʦԨͷЩΪѵ˵ʦɷħɣҲǰٶ֡Ұ̽·ǵضС
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Х͹ڵĹơ𷪣аħߣŹ֡
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ʵߣȳΪһֹĶ
֪ˣǾ㹻ǿ󣬼ҪҲһԨȻ򣬡Ҳ£ڵˣӦòֹһӦǣ㱻ڴ˵ϢѰдݳȥ
֪ͬŻҹƵС
㣬Ϊ㹻ǿ󣬻ᱻϮɱãܵȵͬŵԮȶܻȥ
һ˵꣬ԨЦеؿ÷ݡ
÷΢΢ɫ
ҾͲˣ㼴ʲôֻҪĵȴмĿܴαطҪ¶ڵݣָֻţԨ
÷ü
㣬˵ڣͼıȴ˵еǡЩĶҩʦԨһ˵˵ͼı
ָָͷ
÷һԲֵֻٴ
Ԩη
÷ݿ˰Σҡҡͷһϻ۵СӣϧɷħôϣܹΪšǴƫƫְ
ָ£һСԨһ¡
簵ƾ׵磡
һӵҫĿ⣬ֱָԨǻ
龳ΪҪʶֻҪ౬ѣҲĲˡ
ҶڣȻεɵԨ΢΢ۣǻЦݡ
ۣ
һ貵⣬ٽԨǻʱͻ;
ضУԨұڵҶݶ΢ЦɼĹâص޽ϣǰγɡ
÷ֵһָƿϣбɢ
÷ʦΪĿꡣԨЦЦ˵ˣǷǻ˼룬ġ
˻һ䣬÷ݺȻգ



ڶʮһ 
֮⡣
ɫɴĳ棬Ƥʣһ˫۾ʼɽȡ
ʱҴš
ԨȺѸ֪׽򣬡Ļ󡱺͵ڶƣߣʶĿ̽
ֻܱصȴ
³ǣԨ
ɻѽ⣬ûż뿪һ𰸡
ֻԨų֪𰸡
ţ
Ȼתüͷɫ
ӦкܶѸٽƺ֪ȳӡ
Умжȥغӡ
һͷڣżΪӣ߳֡
ѩɺףһϮۣһˡ
ʯ塣
һתЦ;ϲôԹˣ
ʯҩ񾳺Ϊ켶ҩʦ
䣬һʱ
ʯأٿһִ׳һ¯
¯ӭǴ¯һشɫƣųӲϼ⡣
ǵ¯ڳע£ʱƻһ߰ɵ¯ɽڶɫƵи£¯ȼա
¯ȵգ·˺ģŨĻơ
ͻȻ䣬꽵䡣
ΪҩڵʯһͲɷ˵أҪƿĻ󡱣뵱УŪ״
֮½½кܶӿ롣
ЩˣеҩڵߣҲкܶ˸۹ģͬСҩʦ˵ǰ
һЩİˣ濴²Դ½Ǽ½
дϢѲֶߣҪ˽֪ˡ
Уĺغӣһ󲡳ģظһ
ڳ泯ʱغɬ̾һ
кҵˣҲѲ˸ϵ
ԨѹҲȰ˵һ䣬ֻϧĳ֣ѡԣĹƻ󣬼ȥȡ
ºҵ˺Ϳ䣬ȶߣŶطҲˡ
غӣűֶΣ⡣
ûжΣ

ɫƣӿţǵ¯Ļ꣬ȻϢػ⡣
ʯϾüͷ
ƵϷľӿʹ츳ĳ棬ԼԼأƼһЩڵټ
ΪĻ֮ڶ㣬ϡ
ܿһ
ڹѰԨȻ󣬱ע⵽ȵǸϤȴԵΪģӰһҶڣεȣɵأ˵ʲô
Իˣƺ
۾гһߣܿϸܵĽâҫĿ㣬ϸţڵ÷ݣǸС۵ŮˣΪʲôȳ֣УԨ˵Щʲô
ҲԴ½У˽ΪĿĵӣһЩʢϣ÷ݼ档
ϳ÷֮Ԩ÷ݣΪڻὣš

ڡ
Ʒӿɢڱصʾ綾ա
һ꣬ʵѾ䣬ֻǹ˲֪
ܿģ춯һͻȻһ䡢ĺ־ס÷ݡ
÷䡣

һɭɭĵ⣬л
÷Ӧһ߰׳ӨĹǽڣа˹

ͬʱŨֳһ̣һڣһϣϪӣֱ÷ݡ
һ֮
÷գͻȻһߺȣҪʥλǰ׷Ըߣһս
û뵽ڵȻĪظıԡ
Ȳܾ΢ߣȽΪĿ꣬һ
ⲻ֮ǰ֪
Х
÷ݷʩһˣؿıˣǶĿ꣬ĺ֪㣬еֶΣǣһӵġ
˼ҿ°ĪХԶֿٺһЦ˵һŪˣҪҲΨһĿֻ꣬㣡ҲûиоĿǰжĶ⣬Ȼһ۲۲졣
ɻԨأҶһ䣬λһȻĻڵȵȡ㹻ǿӦúܹܱ
ǿ
Ԩָ⣬ģӰӰ´£˵ҩڵˣƺѾˡģȵȵĻ˵ܻȥ
ǹ䡣
Щǰİͽ÷ݵߣΪôһԥˡ
л˭Ըȥ
÷٣Դ½ڣ˲ҵ
һ̱أ
ԥʱ÷ݣʩչڵӰһӰɽȴܶ
ÿһӰ÷ݵѪϢѷֱ˭
еλ÷طչʱҲڵһʱ䣬Ūһġ
Ҳܼ򵥡
ϪӣϣӹصĶڣȻݳʮ̣е÷ݶȥ
÷ֱ٣κһΪɱĿꡣ
Ԩ
ڶ÷ݣͻȻλ÷λҶڣɵԨ
Хɫһ䣬ԥͻȡ
һ÷ݵĳ֣̫⣬δȫ
Х֪׼÷ݣһҪԨֶ̫̫Ρ
Ԩס



ڶʮ 
÷ݣѺģһֹԲͬ
һ÷ὣһȪӶ䣬תҫȻĹ
һ÷ݣ´Ʈݣŷȣ
һֻȻչĽıãѪͻ޽ᣬӲӡ
ʮ׿ҫŷĽ⡣
÷ݣ䣬ͣԭزֻǿ
ҶأεȵԨǷЦݣ˵ڣ٣
꣡
Ҷ⣬ڶѰ㣬ðŲɫ̵Ҷ
Ļ󡱵ƹ֣Ǽ䣬ǣ
һŻ棬ǹƾɣȻƮ
һӨӨĻ棬žȼţ;ȻûΪһͷĵȼչ֣͵ὣ÷ݡ
ὣ÷ݣꡱ죬нˣʱȼ
Ǹ÷ݣʱڣͱȼմ
ڶ÷ݣöɵĽչ߷ɣһͷײεĽϣŭ
ԨȻһЦ
ƲĽ磬ͻŹڶݺύϸ
ϸȻ
ֻȻĽǱסڣǰһ
ܿ죬ֻȻѱΪĽɫꡣ
÷ݣȻ֪ȻԨ
һ쳣ǿԨͷ֮أɡ
Ԩ΢΢ɫĵ
۾ģдĴָİ㣬ԨͷʡƷУԳһ
Ԩʶꡣ
ܸὣ÷޷ԽĽϣԵ÷ʩչġûЧ
ھøʢĻ÷ʩչЧͼӰ
ԨٻεȣƤӴһͷںڵķ˿еܡ
Կʹڸ֪УһֻĴ֣ҪԼ꣬һץ
ָоһ壬ǡ̼
һֻĿֲ֮ħߣԡɵѡ
˵УǳڣһŶڵһλ֮󣬾һλλǿߣŻѪĸͻڵĳǿΪ˵С
ҪʩչһɹܽԷ곶
޳ɴλԡһλλһһ꣬˲Ϣץ
˵ɣʩִܵھԷ񣬶šĨɱ
ΨУɱΪԪȫӡ

ԨҴϢ񣬺͵÷ݶӡ
ۣۣ
ڣһһ÷ݣͷŵ׷𵽣ɻҡ
ÿһ÷ţд÷ݣϢ͸Ϊǿ
˵÷ݻɻҵӰֻǽɢݿһμˣڱĻӰ
㡭
÷ݣáĹУɫ΢䡣
ʱХѴӱķλ
û˿ԥ÷ݣһ
һͷ
һ÷ݣ俴
䣡
һ׸ߣԡ߲ʱĹ֪ôʹ÷Ͳ롣
͵
ХĲҵģˤڵأΪѪ˿ߣѸʧˡ
ٴգǧɣo֮أХ
ЩһգХǾ壬ԡڳµıѩȻܽ⡣
Хʹ˻ХţҲ˲ԨͷҲصأߡ
նĹųĿ貹âݡ
÷һץǹģһӡ¡
칬ӡ
ǱߵĹƣɫأһ뷨ȻӲ
칬ӡһſ飬ӦڣǼƯ߿յĹһɫҲˣ÷ݣǺͷǰûڣôһﰡ
ֳһ칬ӡ֪²գ˵ѹ޿֣ѹָȺУԭлһ칬ӡ
칬ӡ
ŵģڴ˵еģſ칬ӡ֮һ
м٣
ʥߣǰһߣͻȻˣÿһӡ£ѡ
˿̣ȣֻʣ÷ݡ
һ÷ݣáȥԨҪǣʹ˸ɱ
һ÷ݣֳǿӡ£ͶԨֵǸԱվڡ
ӡµŹˣϵĶƣû̫⡣
칬ӡ֣ʮ㡣
ҶڵԨͷƤ飬÷ݣҲˡ
ʩģ÷ݵΪĻ壬ǰһЩѪֻǻӡ
칬ӡӡ£Х˴ӡ
ûк壬ڼ칬ӡ֮󣬳ͱ칬ӡ׾ٵشɢ
綾֮ܽڡ
칬ӡ
ԨͷʹѣѹʱҲڸߺȡ



ڶʮ 칬ӡ
Դ½ڣ˺ؾ漣
ڣھɾɡ
ÿһɽΡ¡
ڣһƯڿգ칬ıơ
칬Ҳһ󡪡
ߵ߼
ڴ˵Уڵľÿһ칬һӡΪŦž
ſӡ£Ϊ칬ӡ;칬Ӧš
ԶֻҪںأֳκһ칬ӡˣͨе칬ӡһӦ칬
ݳӡ߾ĲͬӵеȻҲͬ
ڣΪԴ½֮һǧֻںͼ½ȫ濪սȫ
ʱſ칬ӡ뾡ڣÿһ
֮⣬ſ칬ӡǷɢġ
κһ칬ӡڶǷܳ칬ӡģȻΪº͡
Ψһ칬ӡ
칬ӡҲ֤
칬ӡߣֻҪóӡܶ鶼ɰƽ
Ǭ½Դ½ڼ½ĺܶطܶʱ칬ӡһЧ
½ϲҩڣ̻ͨڣҲ൱칬ӡ
ӡߣܴڣڡԪ֮ͬȼţἫӡ
ߴڣǬ½ĸ۹СĶԴ
ֻгħĴħųӡߣŸҲӣΪ
÷ǰԴ½ԣƵ˶δ
ˣҲ벻УȻѳһ칬ӡ
ǿ칬ӡХˣ÷ݰȻ֮ȵ˶ͻȻһʵ÷δؾеǶ
Ϊһ칬ӡ
칬ӡһ˭棿
ʦԭ£
һλԻҫ۹ߣ칬ӡڵأǻ
ʾǫҪ÷ԭ֮ǰԥ
ʦ˲С˹
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Щˣܶླս÷̫ࡣ
䣬ҪϺܶࡣ
ڣǿ칬ӡǾ˲һ淴ͷޱȱ΢̬÷ݵĿˡ
һߣƺͽ𷪣мλֻԹ۵аߣĬˡ
ֻڣһλߣδػôɵ塣
칬ӡֺһжͬˡ
÷ݣǰԣܳһ칬ӡڱȻŶصĵλ
÷ݣԷͬСɣ
ԥһ£ĶԽ˵칬ӡˣǾͲҪȣЩҩʦˡС
ָָͷĻѳҲһʤ칬ӡ÷ݡƲϵ˵֪һС
𷪿ɥ̾һεͷ
ΪԹڵǣλ񾳵սڱ̷ɽΪΪ
ϾҩڵʯҲֻ񾳺ڣǾʵֻ൱ѡ
˭ϵͻôʳ
ڣڲðͷͳһ칬ӡ
ȵľƣ˲˶ŤתǶеΪΪȫȻƿصˡ
Ԩǰɣ
÷ݵǰͣ¡ת˿ڱó칬ӡ֮Ե쳣ɣҺ֡
ҶڵԨֻ꣬ȻֻǱס
ûҪ˲ĸо
˶֪÷к棬ͨԼ֪һЩ
ֲ̫Լ꣬һ壬УǼ䣬ɢ
һ˿ۼ
Ļӡڵػһм䣬ᱻĨʲôС
÷ݣҲͨҵʲô
֮ѻ֮
Һֻ֣龳Ϊ͸ôŹ֣÷΢΢ۣӦõģľ磬ܳôá
ڡʩ£˵龳΢ߣܳԵ
꣬˲Կǣ롰ɻ
ԨȻ֧ôá
ԡųǿĵô벻ף龳ԨΪλܻţǿǵ꣬ʼʶ
ⲻϳ
䣡
䣬ǿ칬ӡٴֶΡΡϹʡ

ؾӨǽڣǹһײĴ죬۵Ĺâ͵ơ
һʱ䣬ûµĹǽڴ䡣
Ǳе칬ӡһιûյЧƺҲ֪ɱ÷ݡ
칬ӡڣڶ̶Ҳ
ԨѣҪĿ÷ݣͻȻһ⡣
ƺеɱ
ХԸһū̷ңΪڵĿ䣿
ꡢ÷ݱ壬ͷ칬ӡ俴ıδ󺺣֪һ㣬ĳ֪ѹΪˣû뵽㻹ţȻţеֵá
칬ӡĹХȥ
ɹâųҫХ
ȾôХڵأֻһСƬ
칬ӡĹâ֮أХ໺ţСֱ˽׳Ľɫ۲Ӳӣʵʡ
Хԡ칬ӡĹâУʹ˻Хţ衣
ҧǲŻĥ
㻰
һߣ÷һĶãԨʲôꣿ֣ڵ֪˶ٴˡ
ľ
ԨüһͻȻеġۼͻҼǵ½ԺֻҪרĹ룬Ҳۼͻ
ңܹ·ĸӺ֣΢ϵ
ڵġûܽǣΪǿܶǹұǵĲҡ
ĳ˵꣬·Կơ
ۼͻԴڣûиǰΪտ֮ĵĴڣؾڵĲ
һ⣬ͻԺ
ԨһʲôܲʣʼСۼͻ֪ء
ͻȻ䣬ޱȵĻ֮ϵĸӺ֮䣬ս



ڶʮ 
칬ӡ
ڣһ칬ӡ֣ӡߣڵλʦ
Ȼ칬ӡ
⣬һڴӱ̷ɽӿߣƵĹڣΡ£ųǧʥԣƶ޷ڸǵĹھС
ڣȻгӡߣǱȣ
ҩʯ֮һϵı飬˵Ǹ˻ǻš
ȻΪҩҲ֪ڵߣǱ̷ɽ
ڣڣڶǿߣҪʲô
ӡߣڵ÷ݡ
Ƥʣվԣһ䡣
˿̣޷ӵݣڲϸ״Ҳ֪ж
칬ӡڱΪΡµĹ󣬹⻪ʢʵ̫ˣܱ
ˣƲġ
ڣ÷ݣʯüͷ˵֣İĺܡΪܹһ칬ӡУʲôΪʲôͷ
ΪξشԺ䵽񡣡ԥһ£˵ʯ壬Ҷ˽Ⲣࡣֻʦ˵ЩΪȥĳһЩε飬˶
ȻˣƺҪ飬ˡ
ǺȻ䣬ڳˣΪ˽ڽһ칬ӡԱ֮Ѹطξ
ӦڼǱ޲ŶԣΪʲôͻȻڱ̷ɽȳ֣
ǳѯʯʯ壬ڣײʲôôôߣڹڣУӻɽȵ󷨣Ϊ˾綾ҩڣóа
һ˵꣬ʯǶǿɬΣ˵Ȳԡ

ڡ
ǧڱ̷ɽȵԨСۼͻʱ꾹ӦصײѹͨĸӺֵĴڡ
ϵǼ佨
һɱ⾳Ԩ;ĩ·ۣľͲᡣ
أǡǣӰģԨ꣬ԼʶҲһ˿˺
еãң֮ǰľͲȡ
ô÷ݡ
ף
ϵ÷ݣɫ΢䣬һûзӦ
ıХٿ칬ӡĹ
Ĺ֮£̬ХƤѣð
ǻĻӷڣ
û棬ХѪǿߣͻǿ칬ӡ֮£ձһ˿ԼĴںۼû
Ļ󡱵ĽҲѲȣֱǹš
Сţ类Ż飬ʹХ
ԱʥߣڵĹơ𷪣Ҷһ䡣
÷ݴ˾٣ɱӺ
ǿХ칬ӡĹѹ£οǣ
˭ģܹǿ칬ӡɰȻ
ˣˣԷϾڣһ칬ӡΪūҲǳ衣
в£ХȻһ̾б˾÷˵¸߰ū͵ݣȥ̷÷ݡ
ֻһ·
ɾ׼ʱ΢
ע⵽÷ݳϵһʩչֻ֣ھҵضš
ХҲط֣ոջʹ಻Ԩֿʼεȡ
Ԩ̺űɭɭɱ
ŨƣȻӿͣһӵƼԦźƴأȻ䡣
ɽ¸ʵĹ
ųģҫĿ貵ĹԣǼ䣬綾ûڱΡ
ХһֱɢĻͻȻֹס
û걻յʹ࣬ʱ޿̣ĥ
һӾͽˡ
ϣ
ײĴ̶죬ӱƹŵĹ
÷ݵıڱɫæߺȣλ
칬ӡ뽫ܣӳع壬תѪŻʩ
ȫֺ÷ݹܲԨˣҪڡ
ֻǡ
Ȼ־ط֣ǳϵԨѪʱǱԨơ
һɳⱻĹϢȻ䣬񣬵񣬾Ȼܵһʱǡ
ǹϢĴڣ񣬺Ѫ⣬޷ϡ
÷һǷͬСɡ
ҵģں棡
վҶڵԨ࿪ӣֿ죬ٺһЦ˵÷ʦúóζ
÷ݺȻɫ
һ̣ӦһֱɵѣȴҲ磬ʹԨʼմŵҶڴ
Ӱȴڣ籼Х
㣬Ǻˣ÷С



ڶʮ 磡
ɲ÷ݲ𾪡
ġԨϺȻʧЧѾϳ
ʹ񣬲֪ģմȾһɱ⾳Ȼܽλȫƿ칬ӡ
ҲͰˡ
˭뵽ԨŵǸҶԴ
·ܹιʴ磬жôĿֲȹھ˶
ˣηƵǶ±к
Ȼֳ칬ӡʵǶνĸ綾ƣû̫ྴηͻš
ձģһֱ磡

Ӱε磬ԨÿҶ
һɭϢԶѸӡ

һλԻҫ۹΢ھߣԨ֮䣬ȱ紵
δɵŴ죬ҵشϢţ缴
΢ϵѨ˳롣
ʶ˸ű׹ȼɭɭĵĹ
˻ţѪҲ̶á
ֲֿ磡
ҵ죡ӣ
ǸԨСӣΪΰȻ

У÷ݿģǬ½ߣҲ˲ɢá
һϮв£ѡ÷Զȥ
ΪǶóĿ÷ݡ
磬Ǵɱ
Ԩֿ죬ЦɭȻǣڶԸϵѨϴ򿪣޳ʶ죬ߡ
Ȼ֪Ӱε磬һմȾ飬չֲֳ
磬ԴھĺԨ̺ĺԨıصصǧνס
ĺԨġסеģɼ׳صףԻſĹЧ
סУžĺԨļʹӾˡ
;׳صײͬɱԵִ񾳽ߣЧ㲻
ףһδδ֮󣬶񣬶ڣԪ񾳽ߣһЧ
Ȼγɣ̺ġסֻѲɼ
ԣ׷ϵ裬ʶлԵƻ
ĺɱ类ߣϴӴĥס
ǣµģ΢񾳺ͻξߣȴ׵ɱЧҪĶࡣ
÷ݲҪ˵Ϊ񣬾ȻڻξҪ
ӿɽȵģеߣ缸֮䣬ǡȫơ

޷λ÷ݣۼͻȻͱһХķλȥ
еԨԶ
÷һãһʵӰ붯һ˲ʮɡ
Դ˶硣
һ˶ڼɹǰĵĸ۹ߣڵĹơ𷪣һЩаħͣҲ
ÿһܵأܿ÷ݣⱻ꼰㡣
ġ
Хò״칬ӡĹâҫ°ѣһӶ̲ס
÷ݣƫƫȻΪԨе㽻飬ĴǳƬģڻ
紵ҲܲҪ÷һĿֲ
÷ôϣԨ֮ġ

ȶ磬;Աһ·򣬱һ˶ȥ
һ˲ڵĽ𷪣ͻȻҽС
𷪵ʶ˲ͱȼʶȼţ׹âεƻţһС
һһϢǧٿ׵ʶ֧顣
У𷪵۾ͱӣѪ˿˿Ƶɫ̡
ǲܿͱնľȻ
ͬԹڵĹƣ;ı䷽λһкûд򣬱ϢԶ롣
˽𷪡
ȻһλüͷĮȻŽ𷪵ģŽ𷪱
Ĭ룬ƸճԨ˹֣˵࣬ȻҲڹڣһЩ꣬Ư⣬֪ŵĶˣҲǳҺͽ𷪴̷ɽ
Һͽ𷪣Сֵܵľ˽Թಢ֪飬Ҳͽȥ
ȻƲϵ
ۿͬ޹ڷϣ˵Һͽ𷪵£Լ޹أҪԨѳޣϡ
ôһ˵ʵμ͸¶һʵ
ƿߣԨƵǶ
ԨңЦºͣȴûд𻰡
Ƭ̣𷪺Ȼأȼ
ƾ겻ʼĶ򣬴֣ǻǵ磬ûбʱһ
Ȼ
ХɬһЦ÷ݵľ岻֪ڻˡ
˵ԨƿأǴ˿Ķ򣬾˵ûΪѡŹ÷ݡ
һһ
Ȼû׻šĻ󡱵ıضԶ÷ݡ
÷ݣһһΪҲܡ
޷һǿĹͲܺе⡣
ŨĶӶŰ׹Уôʹÿһȥ÷ؿڡ
÷ݵıӴʱʱһ¡
ʱʱ̶ܴ̿



ڶʮ 壡
Ļ谵Ҷ
ԨǰҶڣεȣ̸ۡ
ڣԨҶڣֻǲ࿪ӣ˳ش
ҩʦ
Ҷ΢΢üȴأһͨص׵Ķڣ֪
ҩģһλλǬ½ĶҩʦǷȻڣ
˼⡣
һХ͹ƶŪˣ˿ƿģеλ
ֻǣλ÷ݶһĬ
֮룬λܵһʱ䶴˳Ӧ
Ŀ꣬ȷʵΪϵص
ʵʵĲٿߣ
ڵ÷ݣֳһ칬ӡͻȻȳ֣б顣Ԩ÷ݣһ߰˼ţһ߼šۼͻĸ򣬱źͻص£ռϵ

ȣһ롰ۼͻռĸӺ֣ϵһǣ÷ݶõġ˲ʧЧ
꣬ܳװѡǣεʶ
̫ڷ˼
ĴɱСǰţ֪˻֪ڶħǡ֮£޲ߣǣ̼
񾳵÷ݣʩҲζ
ΪΣͻ·ռڣۼˡĸӺ֣һϵڵһʽͻȻʧЧ
ԣǳڣһšڵһλͣżȻ˴ĥپڵĴߣǿܱΪΪڵĿ
һţ
Ԩ˼һӣƷζصİ
νһţûĻڣ
ǷЦǼΪԴ½ڣûбǰŵ̺ʵ֮ǿ󣬻ڡڵĸʽΪ˼ǿ½
ڵĳλͣʮа˾Դڣ
ȻԴͷڣ°ֽȣ¡ۼˡĸֵģǿߣҲڵǻ۽ᾧȻܲƺǣ
ϾĳлۼͻԼҲڣΪڵͳ
ܿ죬Ԩóôһۡ
÷ݣΪʲôȣȵĲãΣ˵Ӧò֪ѵΪҲԣƬʱ̣ܶڲôʱõϢ
ڣʲôڣ
ѵǣЩ֪ǻĶҩʦ
Ԩü
ʱ÷ݵıȻڲ֪䣬Ѫ
÷ݵƤѳѪۣ˿ģֱҲ̶á
Ũ֪ÿһιƴϣ޷ܡ
һ߶磬û취оȥΪ칬ӡʩӷ
⣬ʴط壬ͣԽ칬ӡƿء
ʥ
Ѫֹ÷ݣһȻʥλߡ
ˣĿע£Īĵһ
÷ʦ
ĸߴץƺ«λߣڨڨЦ˵ǲԮʵΪ
ԳΪʥϵָǸƺ«÷ݵͷ
µ÷ݣ䲻ˣˣֵıƵǶϣӶ˲Ϣ
ǻԳġ
÷ݱڷɴܣһͻȻһ⣬ʥĴ϶

ͬٴʩչ
˵Ŀ꣬ԨʥĴϡ
λϺȻɫΡΡ˵ʦǺ⣿
䣬ŵǸƺ«Ҫ
ȻǸ÷ݵġ˲ҳ÷ȡ
߸İ㣬λͷ֣һ̳ǵ춴

ͣ
߸İ֮£ͷķ֮أŤֲĲơ
ϵ类סһ㣬ͻȻ
Ӳӵ񣬺Ȼ߸İ㣬һš
ȻδɱԪ꣬һǰһ̱ӲҲһϢ䣬ǡӰ

δʥ˷Ӧ÷ݵıͻڴǰ֡
ʩչڳʩ
䱾ǹһѶǸƺ«һ˵˱ֳʥûв´ĻӦǴ
λʥߣʧɫ
ȻʥԨԴӦںڵĹϵ÷俴ˣʥ˵һϣǲܽܡλҲʥĳϣǽӹλüɡ
һ«ʱͽһã
һ䣬ȥĴؿڣȻһŻֽ
Żֽװ㣬档
Ǽ䣬нɫ⣬ǻָֽڣˮһʡ
«ӣǿˣȻץź«кµ
¡
ҫ磬űѵǺ«ð
˹ˣҲҪﾡá
÷ֹһ䣬λϵؿڣȥһ
һѪϣȴ̲űϢĹץ˳
Ǽ䣬÷ܱߣҫ磬쳹ѶĤ
ž
÷ܱߣͻâ̼Ϩ
÷ڵһʱŹʱ˲İ
亮䣣ӡס磬ͳ׳صģڶâײױ
÷Żƺ«λʥѪ龡൹ء
ûжǸ⣬ֺأȥԸʥˣǺúңȳʥһ
ԵЩ޴롣
ʥڣںڣ˶ѣ
÷һֳ칬ӡż˴ǰ̷ɽҲ縺ΣҵһˣᱻͣǱߣֻҪ˵ûھͻͨʥ
ˣΪҶΪϣᱻʹ̣ͣº׷˭Ѳ
ա
ʦּ
λʥߣҲ񾳣ڴϱ÷ԡɱڣڵѹ֮£Ȼ˲˿ı֮ġ
жٲջǵͷ­ʾԸķԸ
أ½ڶŴ۸ӵԨԴϵͳ˿ֵľ档
ǿţԵײŵƺ⣬˵Ŀֲ
ʥţںڵĹϵ÷ݵ裬ȻǲҷɱŵĴϣֻ
磬ٶҹв
Żƺ«÷ݣһʼٻ
ԨѴӴĶڳ֪ô·һͨص׵ĶڣŶڣ૵жҩʦѪζţоƺеϤ



ڶʮ ĵȺ
ȵĵضңҩʷϵһλλҩʦ
֮ԽɱΪЩҩʦûתжҩǰҲҩҩʦΪشס
ںԭ򣬿ʼȥжҩ֮ҩҲԸϾɱ
ǣܹ꣬ȻȹҩǵĹͣǺ
СĻ󡱵ĴڣҩڽΪأǲġ
ڲ֪ȵ飬֪ڹڣҩʷϣǬ½񹲷ߵĶҩʦ
˲֪ǰΪҩ֮ԨȻ֪
ٱ̷ɽʱΣǡĻ󡱾ָʹ£ҩںҩڵĹ
硱ҲΪڳ
ˣҪ˵ȵϤҩʯҪʤһ
ڵضڣ֪
֪Ƿ롰ۼͻԭ򣬻ںͻصϵĸ֪ȺȻ
˶жϳصңûлˡ
·ģҩʷϵĶҩʦΪʬ
һѪɾ
еѪζӵصţϤС
ͻȻͷŻƺ«ܱ׵绷ƣ硱ѽ÷ݣڣֳ칬ӡڱ̷ɽ֡
һٴεͷض
ϣ
ͻаײӲӵĹâҫĿ
칬ӡöɵģΡµĹһ׹ء
ӲĴأҵʯ׷ɣյĹ׹֮÷촽ѣѪ䡣
ȥ
еĻƺ«ָ
ž
ҫ׵磬Ĺ⵶һ÷⣬һƲ˿նϡ
÷ı֮⣬ϵɴ˸ߡ
÷ݵ˳أ䵽
פһ÷󶨣ͳһöɫĵ裬һȥ˵ҩȣȦаڣ磬ҿǬ½ӹˣʼкΪˣ

ͻȻ䣬ӿƣȻۼ
Ԩڣ˵ߣſС
ȵİУȸֳģһؽؾӨǽڡ
Өͷɫɣâ貣͸һۼ䲻ʵС
һؽ߲ʹǽڣӰչ߲ʿȸ
ĿѣԵâҫһؽ߲ɫӨ͸Ĺǽڡ
ɫƣӿۼģЩǽڡ
˶һʵЩµĹǽڣڲ̲ſֲ׵ľ綾
ģҲġ
ȸһؽعǽڣмĳһСݣɱСŮ
СŮֺСӣһ˫ĵ۾͸Ĺâĵ׷
ֻʮ꣬ǻλ羧ļ׿ǡ
һؽۼģȸľӨͷȣôԵóªһ㣬䲻ϱεһؽͷ
ڰУɫȫȻĮ
ɽ£һλλߣХƣ÷ݡ
ÿһˣĿ⿴ɫڡ
λŻƺ«÷ݣոջ緢һҲе㲻Ȼû˳Ȼĵ
÷ݺһŵһֻ֣һץ
صʱСٴγΪ칬ӡġ
ȣΪ㡣
÷ݿڣŰڳСѾͷҼ縺Σ̷ɽҪұĶǡɣȣǱڵصҡ
СѾͷûд𻰣ԥ˺ܾúܾãԨ
˫ĵĮǼ䣬Ī⣬ڶ
·޾ίԹޡ
ֻһۣӵһһ͸
ʱΨĮ
ӵԨſɬΣͨ񣬽ЩԨβѡ
һֱڵԼ
ԼΪߣΪ
һȣٶ꣬š
ãǱˡ
ٶ꣬󷨽ƣ겻գȥһգܡ
Լĳ֣ȥ´뿪
ֻһδεʧź
ÿÿ;˵أϣΪԼˣɽ
ڣڴٿٻŽ
ٵȡ
ʼѪأʼԼķʽ£ѰѣҪ߳ȥҪʸ𰸡
Ϊʲôڣŵȴٳû
Թޡ
Ŀԣ۾˵һ仰Ԩ֪˼룬֪ٶľĸϸ΢仯
޾İûΣԨļ䷺͡
ǲֻתʱ䱻ˡ
ԨǣҲſɬȻ䷢֣ݰСļһȻԺԼĲͬʽسɳ
ɳΪŵĸ߼顣
ͣ
ͻȻȥĽ𷪣б÷ϮɱʥĴϣڵѪݳ
Աߣͨص׵Ҷ
ȵ£ʲôȡǵѪ
Ԩӣͻ״ǿдϡ
Ҫҵģ÷һҪΪôãܴ½ذȻ뿪ɽڶغδ֪ͶҪɱ㣡
ɽХһ
ԨһǰǲҲóˣ



ڶʮ ˭
һߣ˲ͨص׵Ķڡ
̰֮࣬ͼصߣĪ
ɽǺˣ
ڵ÷ݣЯһ칬ӡȣΪڣҩڵıأûİɽ
˴Ϊ档
ȸ㣬ӨͷεĺѾͷɫûж֡
Ȼ֪ȵĵصңаɽڡ
ƿ磬ܵĻ󡱣󷨽Ƶˡ
Ը綾Ѫų᲻֪ڣһصĹǱ
ʵϣڴҵİɽһֱš
ɽԭҲǸĿꡣ
Ĵ㣬նɱʳХ÷Ժ󣬴ǿ״̬ʱõص׵İɽ
֪ɽ½ʱԨйʱĺ
ȻҲ֪ɽܹ½أӡ컯󡱵ķѹɹ뿪Ԩû
ǣ
һȺ÷ݣХԨ̿ں󣬺Ȼˡ
ǣôʶðɽ
Ǳ޶ʱ½ص䲢֪飬ֻǱ֪½صİɽûĶŰһˡ
֪̽ɽ֮أǱ̷ɽ
ֳ칬ӡǰ̷ɽǱŰɽ
ȣλѾͷХԨˣ⡣
ְ𣬲ǶȡأǺһԾ綾ĺСѾͷΪУҪɽ͵ٴѹ
ڣɽɹ½ٴγΪѪ̵һӡ
Ϊɽ͵ѧڵطǻǲȫΪ˵ڣҲЩطڸѪ̵Ľͽ

һɺɫѪӰڵصɫ䡣
˶ͻȻӦһ쳣ŨѪ֮ǽԺأ򶴿ڡ
ۣۣ
ͻѪ⣬ӵص׵Ķڣаܳλ΢磬ӻҫ۹ߣ͸
Ѫ⣬ȥʱһѪߡ
֮Ѫɽڷ䣬ླ΢֡
һʱ䣬ٴҡ
ɵλСѾͷõģӸߣΪ˰ɽĹĿ꣬ΪɱĶ
ѪӶģ޴Ѫ
΢ҲãҲգߣԶѪһ취û
ʲôʲôǿͻѪ⣬ֻؿѪ⣬Թ۵ķʽţո
ʱڣ˱ɱ
ХԨ÷ݣλݵСѾͷѪȹĿ꣬Ѫ⴩ŵĹУ˰ţһһ
ԨǣɽϢû¶
ɽĻѪϵڵصס
ţҪɱɽ÷ݣһסƺ«һץ칬ӡٴУȴûмж
ûжѪ⿴Ƕ
·Ʋİߵǣдв
ͬʱ⡣
úͺһȥغӣĴӻУȡһö裬ѸС
ɫҺ֣һųкС࣬һɫ룬֮ǰƮ衣
ֻһ
ɲʯǳ棬˲Ӧ
мλҩڵҩʦɫҲ΢䣬һغӣһ˾ȣе裬Ժδ
ưĮغӣһ˿ңͣ
ܣʯɫ붾ĵԲļ裬ĺҲ漰غӣҩ츳ǷӦڵ£ǰҩУôƫƫ;
˹ھ綾Ψ̴˵һغӵ
ֻ㣬˵˭ʯʡ
غҧأĬ
ʯ壬غӽһáͻȻ˵
ʯȻʲô
ûеӦŵƤʣͻָغӡ
Ƥڣһ͵Ľ⣬Ȼ
ö붾ĵغӣǼ䣬ţųֱӳ
һ˲䣬غӾͱץŰƤϡ
磬֮ǰǰԨӡ
ߣ
һļͷ
һҺɫ룬㣬غӵƮ
룬ʵʣغӵѪš붾ĵĵͷŵġ
һֱվڹڣĳ棬غΪһìͻȻȡ
룬ӽĻ󡱵һ̣Һɫ룬͵طӳǣغӣƤʣҪ˻ȥ
Цһָ£Ϊ˵㡣
ͼ˰׵룬˲ðʵҲ춯
غӣôһӣȧݣȻһء
·侫񣬶һ룬˱˴롣

Ļƹ֣лܳ
룬ĽأεһشػӴȻϨ롣
Ƥʴغӣ͵شȡ
ڣԨͻüһ
һͷ
ֺݵСѾͷ΢΢ü鲻ԸأǷСһ
һƬλľ綾Ȼɢȥ
ݣ
һ󣬾ͼƤʵĳ棬ЮغӣҲȻɽȡ
һɽȣľ綾ٴӿţƬհס
ˣˣݵʱ̣ܿ˴ˡ
ԨʯйҩڵҩʦǬ½ߡ
ʯˣҲڣѪܣХƺ÷ݡ
һվͨصҵĵض̬Įģݵꡣ
˭



ڶʮ ͷģ
˭
ҩڵʯһԶԨɫ΢䡣
ҩڵȻ֪Ԩ˿վķλͨص׵ĶѨҵڡ
ڣҩʷϣ񼫣һλλҩʦ
ЩҩʦܻţҩĹѫǰꡣ
һ㣬кܶĶҩʦѪŸĵҪɱΪѣޣжء
ڶѨҶڶ࣬Ԩƫƫվ
Ԩǰᣬʯעһ£ͷȵڶߣΪ
棬ȵһһʱ俴ˣҲ
ΪΣ
̫ʯʻʱ򣬾ͼڳ桢غںϡƣٴλӿ
ȣ±ڱ
Ťͷŵλϣ𿼽ҩʦˣǸȵ˭
˶ҡͷ˵δ
ʯɻ

̷ɽȣΪһˣһء
ڡĻ󡱺Ũƶ˫谭£ʯð㣬ƫƫЮغӣһͷ˽
Ԩ
һ̤룬ԨϣɫɴµƺЦ⡣
䣡
ƤʵغӣȻأƤӴɫ԰ס
һҺɫ룬غƤݸɱѪƱ龡峺Ҳ
صغӣŹˣĵ׷
ۿĻ󡱻ûǰһλλ˿䣬̤ȵǣʴΪѪˮ
ת˲䣬ɭɭǺ
ҵЩˣ֮࣬Ϊ̫ͣʵھ綾ʴ
ߣ붾Σջ
ܹһ
Ʃµġ붾ĵ
òӳȥֱЮţٴδҪأᡣ
ΪҪô
۰Ͱ͵أڵų棬
Ƥ£ţһߣԨһкغӵʻ˵ֻΪҪһö붾ĵ˵壬ǡɿ춾ͽһˡ
㲻λ棿غӵ
һЦ˵ȣҵʦţұʦ𣬱涼ҪǿΣֳ붾ĵ˵ͲǺö˵Ǽ͡ҾãƲϵ
غӶʱƿڡ
붾ĵӺεҲ⡣ûٸڵĻᣬรɣҲȶҲ
˵ţֱԨķλ
Ѫ⣬ܵصװɽأɱŹڵߡ
Ȼ壬Ƥʵڵ÷ݣۺЦ˵÷ǰɻǵң
һץŻƺ«һֳ칬ӡ÷ݣ𣬾ڿ
Яһ칬ӡ˵÷ݣԴʥߣԴڡХˣҫֺ
κ˷۵ס
ڳ֮÷üͷưĮ
ԱŤأų漷һǿЦݣѾͷһȰ㱣ԼǧҪ
һۣȸ㣬԰׹ǶѳεĺСѾͷǱҩڣȦ࣬Ǳ̷ɽĵϸʱ͸һǾ綾㶨ҪСģ
⡭
÷̾һ
ȵصףһѵаޣͬ൱֡ɱ˵Ѫ⣬ǳаޡ
ǽڣͬΪԴ½ڣҲǳʦǸͬ顣

Գ棬ͶԴ˵̬ʽȻͬ
ȻףսԶΪԣĽڣһʦһ
л÷ǰϵȣֻҪʶֹݣһݺڵСѾͷǺ棬ƵǶ֮ǰһأڴɱ䣿Ԩôʶ
ţ÷ǰǼˣңҾԹߡ
÷Ȼ
ڵصҶڣ̤ĳ̸ԨɫŹ֣ȴûпڽ
дߣ岻أʱעɱ˵Ѫ⣬Ͼ棬ʲôݣνҪʲôǶ⡣
Щ˶ԣɽƿأոѪ⣬ֲġ
ΨкݵСѾͷԼʱȥһĮ
һۣһֱĳ棬ͷƤе㷢飬ȻԨȥĳ棬һء
ܿԶԨȥ
÷һ߿һ߲ϵأѪ⣬ļ١
ԽǸСѾͷСıܿһðŶҩڣԨʱ÷ıɫϵã
ͷ󷽷˵ڹոսʶãӦһͬȣֻĶ£Ҳƽⷽʽˡ
սʶã÷ֹͻȻɫѾͷǸԨСӣе죬һͼ½айءȣڣǾ綾Ҳû
С
ҩȦĴаָںݵλ˵ҸоУԨҲһ㲻岻ǣѾͷҽԳԴ½ڣҪСıаƭƻ󣡡
Цһ΢΢ͷ¶һСذĲ
ĲɢɰӨ˲Խؾãɫɴµ˼ɫ
ԨƬʧֻһذĲĿϾӡ
÷ǰġȻ䵭
ڵ÷ݣôһ˵Ȼ졣
ͷ̫ˣ֪ʦƢǶôĳ͹Ź֣ԴƣͳûдóҲò
ǳһ칬ӡǾΪԶ棬Ҳȥƽϡ
Ϊ֪ڽڵĵλĳɾͣûʲôĻȻᳬ
Ƶλ
ѹԨվشźݵСѾͷԨǲʶܽȣΪ裿
˿̣ȵĲдߣȻΣڶѪɱ
Űɽ÷ݣˣŻƺ«칬ӡûż֡
ڵȴʲô
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ʳְⷬСֺݵСѾͷһ˫ͫȻ
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Ԩһ̣ڲƺȻһů
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Բ䣡

վâ㣬һײԨǻ
ԨɲǼ䣬ٺɫû类ɶֵײȻһأײںСѾͷ·ұڡ
Ӳʯڣزѡ
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ˣ·ƾʧһĺۼƺû¡

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ۿȥƺĻУһ𣬼æ˵˻ţϢй¶֪ģʦͽڱ˲ͬڼ½ǱߣȻԵÿ
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ԨǸìХ֮ʣ֪䣬ȻǸûݵҶ
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̤ҶԨץһìŤͷֿЦ
Цݣ˵ĺ죬ͥȵĲ
벻ףΪʲô͸ŹֵСӣһֱԼòڣžܣܾðشΣա
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ԨǸЦݣȻӦץŶìԨͻȻҶʧ
Ԩʧһͳì΢ϵ˲жϣ
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û֪ԣǸì޵챦ǱԪ𾵸ҪҲ棬ǿĵڣ
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˶ѪᣬҲΪ˹ܸìȻ׼úóìԨ⧲رС
ԨҶӰʧһͶì΢ϵǱնˡ
һǷͬСɣ
Ԩ
ͥˣԪ𾵶ˣһѪӰֱҶ
ǰɣȻӿȥԨУǼŭյ濴Ŀɿڴ



ڶʮ ԡ

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һǻɺѪͥؿеͻȻ쭶
һǻѪķ룬ΪغӵѪ壬Ѹٱøɱ£˲䱻龡ܣϰꡣ
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غ̫ѪĴĥ첻㣬ܳصͻޣ»ξڵͥһֱš
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뵽ǿɬȻЩ߳κһλ϶ȫ֣һӵƣһӵĻˮ
Ϊʲô۵׵̬ıãԽԽԶ

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Ԩվͷ£ǸìǴ˼ΪˬЦݣ
ͥһĥ֪Ҷͷ俪γɡ
ıǣϵĿ׶Ķһûϵͷ˵еĺԣʬڴˡҾ˵֣ʼղ֪飬ͷǣˡ
ԨĿһ˿ȣףҲͷĺԵĴԣ
Ȼͥһ˵ͷĺԣڴ˵һֱھĺԨһɱסߣһͷͷǰĺԨҪôɱҪô𡣡
ǰͷĺԶǺԨ࣬ȻͻȻʧȥӰ
ĺԨأܶ˶Ϊͷԣܳһֵɱ䡣˵ͷٴʱ»ǿ֮һ
û뵽ĺԾȻˣĪȵһҶ
ͥ档
磬ǴͷĺԵǿ׶ԨȻһЦ˵£綼û̫
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Ԩ˵⣬ʹ壬硣
ԼȥľĺԵǣһͥСӣҸ̸ۣ
ԨΪûп־壬ûоη
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һϢ֮£ȫµͥһ㷴ضûǼ䱻һ߾Ө
⣬žĺԨµĺ⣬͸
ξ񣬴ʯĻᡣ



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ȻͿһİˣӴ̵Ư¶һЦݣ˵ڣͻƵεĹơ
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ҵܣΪһȼյĹӣȻΧס
ȼչһöڲпյĵ裬ͻȻð
ƵӦپпֲǵڲɡ
һͷѾпյĵڲ
Ϊ˵ĺġ
ڣ۷񡣡
ֹһ䣬ɫº͵˵ҿڣ׷ʲô顣
һָͷڵ衣
ڵĹ񣬺תԼĻŤֲĲ
͸һĻĻشǵı渡֡
ƺͽ𷪡һȽȵǵ̸Хĳ֣յƯԨĵغӵΪͥ
һйǵ棬쳣س֡
˿ŵ裬֪ڣ顣
ԭôһ£³ǵСүԨڳ棬ڵ÷ݣǱصص׵İɽѶٴǱ˵һѾͷ
ǣݳЦݡ

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ĺԨߣڶǿߣιͷԣɫĹţۿն
Ѫͳȴ⡣
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ͷھĺԨĺԣ⡣
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ڳ֮ʣͷܺԨڼϴӣʹͷӦĺԨԺܽǿ
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ԹĺԨʹڣ֪ٺأǺӵĿֲڣ̽
ΪֹҲûκһˣκһ࣬˵Ū˾ĺԨһС
ԣɥھĺԨԶŴڣгħھ
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ʬУȴ³һںϢ
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ںԵ׵£Ǿͥı񣬡Ϊܵ磬Ⱥˣ
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ǸìԨֿ죬ЦɭԪڵģѪ̵ģȻȣΪǱɱ
ìңңͥڵüġ
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һѪӰҶ⣬ٿȻƮŶ
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÷ݣѪӰڵϣǿ칬ӡ÷ģųâ⣬÷ϡ
ŵĻƺ«Ϊһ飬磬ˡ
һǱص׵ХСΪһ鶯СߣŤӰԵü䲻ڡ
Хͷĺʱȴ˲伤ƴأҪӽͷԵǣҪǰ
ɽѪӰȥ
Х鶯С߰ϣֻХСߣ˲أ÷һ龡
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ǰ
Ԩۣȿһ±ֿͥ˿ѪӰ˵ΪѪ̵¹㣬ܽԪУûżؼ½ûзѪ̣ڵ
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Ͱɽһ½ѹХǽػͰɽͬ
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ɽû𻰣ֻǿ򱻱ͥһԨ
⴫
ҪҰͥ㣬Х칬ӡԨ˲ףüͷ˵ͥѪ̵ģĬڻѪʱһҶ⡣
ɽǵѪӰûһ˿Ե쳣ȡ
ǣУԨһ仰ðɽǵѪӰ˲Ѫ⣬ȣشҵһֿѡҲܣôߡ
ɽǵѪӰȻͷһƻ˳档
óţҲɽ³롣
Ԩɫ΢䡣



ڶʮ Ƥ

ƯȵڣɳǺСѾͷȻء
µλãڳǰ
ȻɫʶأеƤսǾص
ͬڱұʱԨγìط֮ôݵʱ䣬ƾȬ롣
ǻļ׿ǣٴȫµģһؽؾӨĹǽڣҲų⡣
ԣͥ͵Ϯܵƣ˴롣
ǰ˵ôأ˶ʱ䣬ָô죬ʲô֣
֮ʱڹڿ壬ҲԴ
أ˳һۡ
ЩŲĳ棬һۣȻطŴ죬ȻʲôҺһȥҶ
СѾͷܴһ⣬ߣ˲䶴Ϥ
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ɽһѪӰȻҶ¶֣ɽν룬ûƼ
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
ɽһƻ΢ԨҪ˼ǣȻֳȻɽȽ
ɽĻҪͥߣΪ˿Խڵ칬ӡԽХг档
½뿪ûз컯ãǼưɽġ
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˵ͥ԰ɽѪ˵ԼҪ
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ԨȻͷ
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Ϣһڱͥڤڤ֮УᵽһϤѪ֮ζЩج类ǣѸѡ
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ԨȻ֪ܶͥΪɽԮ֣ǰɽͳѪ̵Ѫ֮¶ļ
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ļ磬ǱɫԵǷɴܳ۳ô룬ô²⣬һһƤʡ
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һˣԨˡ

Ȼ䣬һɺϢͥϷߡ
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ȥΪͥͻȻ
ڴڵشϢżҡͷܶ˦ڵأǴ˵ĺԣϢǿ£
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仰һڣԨ֪ɽͥĬ֣õǺСѾͷֻһĿģĿģҪԸڡ
÷ݣڲǴŵǿ칬ӡȴͬСɡ
һ칬ӡʧӰ߼Ŀ󣬽Դ½ͼ½ȫ濪սû߼ӻڣкܴܱƣΪħֵĶ
칬ӡ
ǿ÷ĵķӡԨһ̰û˰ɽѪӰһۣӡʲôҪҿɲҳУ
棬ΣǸϽɱ˰ɣͥ顣
Ԩų棬ƤʣٺһЦ˲ŵ֮ڡ



ڶʮһ 
ͥٿһתһԨҪ֮졣
Ԩ£ܵظе־塣
ǿƣ÷ݣХйڵĹƣһԶĺСѾͷ
Щˣûжɵ
ΨԨʱôڣﶼ
ͥϸ󣬲֪ԭ֮ڡ͸Ԩ
桢÷ݡХ֮࣬ٸߣٴжҲе֪ôӦԡ
ƫƫӰ³ǶǰûԨŨŨôƲݡ
ңźĽӴָоǿң
ޡɷħֶҫ֡ʹ磬ܰγǸìҶܽĺԵǣ³ϢԼ˲
ӣʲôͷ
˼Ϥ
մ½ѣǱڱ̷ɽ棬¸صȱǻǲȫ˵ڣؼá
Ԩϵ棿
ͥɻ˵Ǿ䣬ϽɱԨĻͻȻע⵽ɽڵѪӰƺû˵ʲô
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ĸ֪УڳеƤʣһͷͷųϢĺԣ
ٶ꣬ܶΪݷںԨײɱͷԣڳ䣡
ΨоĺԨĺϢƤڳӳŽʵֱð
бɫĹ棬·ӳڣȻ
̻棬ȼգ͸ϢɭĿֲ
ߣǼ䣬¶轵
Ũƴӳͷţ˹趼ҪֻϽߣжԶԶ
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ԴԳ壡
Ƥʣͷݳļ磬·ֻһӣһӣڳڵı̻ȼ
Ƥʵĳ棬˿ɫ죬ĳֲʵξ
üԵûЩʹ࣬ͻֲ̿
վģݵСѾͷŴ˿̵Ȼȴ
·𣬲ϴͷŵļѼı̻棬ǺСѾͷò̫
ԭˡ
ŵ룬Ԩų棬һӣֹһ䡣
꣡
վģԵǹǽڣ촫
Ĺǽڣһһ죡
źԵǣƤӵ£ŹֵĻţһ⻷ţȻޱȸӷʽá
ԵǣСãһڣ͸ҫϸ
˽͸ĺ⣬ǾĺԨζ
ϸɺԵǱöɣ
ץУΪƤʣ·Ϊ˳Ǳֶδ
ϸָ̣һҡ
һȥϸһϪӣ峺ס
ɴϸ͸ĺ⣬ȴ˶òֻϸ궼ĺ⡣
ɲǼ䣬Ԩͷ־ĺԵǣӰ
ǱϸƤʵǣΪһ⣬棬뺣㣬Ƥʡ
ϸ뽣ʣͷأھĺԨĺԣ϶Ϊһ
ͣ
̻棬ӳڳƤʣ˽ڲ
Ա̻棬ȥǱϸ
ۣ㱣еľٶ·Ǳܡ
ʧԨվ򶨵ؿų档
ݣ
һӰӹںݵСѾͷԨԱ䶨
СѾͷӹʱе䡣
÷ݣǵڵϵ
ãûһϢͣðŨ̡
÷ݵѪ壬ŨУһ̯Ѫˮ
ɽöɵѪӰƿһ÷ݣѪˮûʲôٴ롣
ͥһ£ȡ
Ԫ𾵣ĺһâǶ
ԪͥУ÷ݵʬһա
÷ݵ꣬ʹǾʬڵأ룬Ԫ𾵣Ǳͥѹ⡣
칬ӡ
ͥһŵһֻ֣һץ
÷칬ӡ˲ͥ
䣡
Ѫ⣬ͥţطӡ
ڣ滹ûۣȻ˽Ƥʣֻڳ̻棬ȥϴţɺԵɱɵϸ
ɽûʼձž裬֪ǡ
ͥõ칬ӡȻڱĿ״̬жͻ̽ѯʵ棿
ɽѪӰӰȻҡҷĻҲɡ
ֻǣͥδܵһʱᡣ
ĿǱĳ棬ܵأᵽͥĶ⣬۾ûƤʵֻ֣ͳָͥһָ
һ̽âǽʷɳ
ߵĺһ䣬ǵ̽â
ͥȻʧɫ͵Ϸɴܡ
̽âһţâ͸ģĺԨĺ֮ͥٴη
꣡
ԭȺԵϢͬǱǵ̽âĺҪѪͻ
Ƕѣ

ͥ̽âѪ⣬֮Լը
һһ䡰СƤҪʩչʶ֡
Ŵ磬ƽ޲ʶԻΡ
߶صѪ壬ֵܵס磬±롣
ڣѪ屻һ̽âǱڣĺ֮ѪĶѣ˳Ƴʶ
ôһָôһ̽âĺ֮磬ش
ͥţλһѪⶳѱʶľұ䶯־ؿų档
棬ǱۣȻ֪ʲô
ѪӰİɽ꾯棬ͥû˲ᣬ֪Ҫ㡣
ձܸͥӽһָɽײ֪ôͥҪù
ɽֿ˳ۣûݵٴת
Ԩ΢
Ԩ΢΢ü˵ʱͷѪӰһƬѪƸͥϣͥԺ󣬳ȥ

⣬ƷӿҪ谭
Ԩ룬ˡ
Ƶ춯ʱͣ
ںݵСѾͷգ۾ؿ
ɽסģǿҪδؾֵˡԨͣѪ̵ǸͥҼˣҪ
СѾͷͷټ֡



ڶʮ 縸Ů
ɽѪƣҶݳԺ󣬲ûȥ
ѪѰһͨصĶѨ˽ȥ
ӿƣԨһ䡰ˡСѾͷӶٴΰ
ȣɴŨƵû״̬
ʯҩںǬ½ĸߣû취롣
ֻҪ飬ǿдȣʯ
ʯֻ˵һ䣺Ϊ
󣬽ȥˣǱһˮ˲侲
ۼȵ鷳̫ʯҲ֪ڱβˣ˵ڣҩʷϵһλλҩʦ
Ҹ֪ǣҩڵİ£һĻ󡱡
µߡ
˵ȣв֪Դ磬ʱ䴵
֪ߣտֲ˱˸Ŀ־塣
ǣڹߣ˵롣
ֻܱأĬĬصȴȴɽ仯

Ҷߡ
Ƥʣڳ̻棬ϴǱǻϸ
ɽͥ칬ӡѴҶ롣
Ԩжϳɽ֪ڵصǱػʱӦҵģܴӵȥͨ
ͨΪԼġ
ɽˣ÷칬ӡҲʧڶԣش
ϲͥûнǺСѾͷһȴ룬һĺ֮Ҳʶ
ǲȫڶɱİɽѳɷ˵ڡ
˴ڣԨҲ͸
ȴ֪аɽͥλѪ̼¹Ӧˡ
ˣɻҪѲƤ

СΪߵģХĻ飬ǰɽȥڻָһ
Ťţ̰ǿ־أų档
أԱһ㣬ɽʩ򰲌ɽнԶӶѸټ
Хܿڽ֮󣬵һ˵ԨѾͷеĽɺƣ
ԨƳһۣһ˵ûȰ㣬Ҫȣ
Х˴صͷȰȰ˭֪ССһȣȻô֣ڣԪڣѪ̣ЩԴ½½պǿɣôһȣ
͵͵һǺݵСѾͷ
СѾͷʼվԨԣͷգ۾б̹â΢شԨôҲ
㣬Сӣʲô࡭
Хֹһ䡣
ХǰԨȡ
ڣХæӦ
˲ᣬڱ̷ɽҲû̫ջڽܹѩޣҸָһ·֪ԸԨ˵
ʲô·Х
飬ָ򶨣Ե쳣

Ԩָ档
Хһ£һʼЩ㵣ãȻ⣿
̷ΪԨۣĽ飬Ҫٹ⣬¸߰ū͵ݣӴ̷㵱ʧȥһУܹһǰңҲӺ㡣
Хų棬񣬡̷ʦĸԸ
۷ʱڵ㣬ǹʸ̷ʦХʲôأѵԨЦ㣬屬ֻʣ²л깶ʸ̷ʦ
һХͷɬ̾Ϣˣȷʵ񡣡
λ״ӡԨɫһһȻ״ӣԺ˵Ĺϵʦѡ
ʲôХһ
һ䣬ǻڹˣأѵһ䣬ԨٵҲһѪͳܸӦͷԵǿѵ֪ϵ޾Ǳܣ
Х㶣˵ֻ֪Ǳ˺
УӦǳʦȻһУͷǱھĺԨĺûɱˡ
ԵľꡢѪ˳еƤʣʬڴˡ
ֻǣԵʬΪλߣ
ͷˣԨʡ
ѵ𣿡Хֵأ˿
һͷȥĺԣɵһһشͥԨһͥΪѪ¹󣬻ξΪʲôΪӳһشǿߣ
ôһ˵ХȻһ𣬡ԣһֱǻ룬
Ԩͷ
ԣǸԸ룡֮󣬺ԻΪΪãХĥţڣԷӿֵı̻棬ڣǱ̻ĺ֮ھĺԨײ㣬
Ԩٶ˵
ХУͻȻޱ˷ܼĹâ·éٿ㣬Ц
ߣػɡԨ˳ǣ˵ҲܽػֻܽеȴΪıܣΪǰѽػˡ㣬Ҳ̫ˣػ
㣬أХһ
ҪˡԨӦ
ǣ
Х㵵أһۣǺںݵСѾͷ
Ԩ΢Цͷ
ںݵСѾͷüҴǳǳģЦ
Ԩ㾿ô£飬κͳѾͷ˵Хæʡ
ʲô˵ֻ˵ɽͥ칬ӡӦȥ½ˡôһ仰ԨҶȥ
СѾͷಽظš
ХأһԹŹֵŮֲҶȥ
˰죬ǱӰţХ츴ӵĸоˣǸŮһ㡣
͵ҡͷΪԼͷ뷨еЦ
СѾͷǷ˵Ĺ֣ǻûΪΣΪСŮ̬ҲȻŰ꣬䡣ô㣬ԨľãŮУӺ˵𣿡
ХһЦԷǡ

պ
ȵģɢ
ˣϡʱܿЩɫƣʵصףұڵҶ֪δ
ɫģǡĻ󡱣ʯˣûʲô顣
ָʱ
ܿƣʯ׼ġĻ󡱣·ٳܣȻҲʧЧ
ȣ˳׿ų
ʯһȣ̤ɽȣһĨӰڹĴŻ
ҩڵҩʦߣǬ½ЩˣҲѰټҪҵһЩ˿
ټһȣһ߾ʬһ߾ûƤĿݹǣӲûһˡ
֮ǰ÷ݣ棬ԨйƵȵȣȫʧˡ
Ҳ֪ˣϵĳһ߿ݹˣǴĳͨȣӱ̷ɽȥ

ʯһض·ҡ
û̫ãȥɽȳ֡
ѯʡ
бģǰЩҩʦԻݹǣ˸ɸɾʯɫڳ˵ûо綾ĵطҲûǿҩڣûʲôа
ⷬɢʩչط֪̽̽
ڣûʲôջ
ȵսĹ죬һⲻţˡ



ڶʮ 
ҹԲ̣財
½ء
꣡
һʯѿԨغޡ
ٴδӳʱıĿɢԵʯ飬ȻһЦ
ŤͷԶ
ɫ£һƬռĶģʰ쵵ţƯڰգɢ
ӿ¹ҫ£Ƽ߲⽻֯ҫǳĹ
֪ǸںݵСѾͷǱС
СѾͷ֮ʣԱ̬С
Լģÿһʱơ
ԼӦһڵȻɱ䡣
ÿٴμ£վԼǰԨͿһؽطľӨǽڣϵر̡
и̵ģֱڡ
ſȸĹǽڣȻ̫࣬ʺϹĵ۹ߡ
Ϊ֪㣬ʼһֵĽɱ䣬˵ڵԼ֮ˡ
һĸߵǻ飬ǿһ̶ȣÿһͷÿһ鼡⣬ÿһԼ⣬ʺԼķı䡣
ڶĴħһȽ׺Σͬĵ
ԨҲţҪ̫ãȫû̬СŮģͤͤվǰ
ˡ
һµ۹λãüͷ΢塣
ӱ̷ɽȣͨ뿪û統ЩһתһȦٷµ۹
Ϊղܽȥʱ½أǿ껹
ˣ녵İ£ѡƿ½أӱķµ۹
ȻҪˡ
½ػҽ컯ʧ̷ɽĿģҪ
ߣ½ûпֲĴǱ
صص׵ģصĻԨԴȻѡֱӴ½أױݵķʽعµ۹
ôãҲ֪ˡ
Ԩۣµ۹Ű³ǵݼңΣҶǵݼҡʱôãܶ˶ã˰ɣ
Ӧ벻̤ͨңٴ¶棬ӽ߳ʱǻͥɣ
ӽأڣһʱ䲻
ôݵʱ䣬ӵִͨͥڣн׵ٶȣǹˡ
ңսȾҪ
µ۹³ǣݼңδ֮¡ݼңϾҵɳ֮أȻû̫޸УɻҪȥ˵ġ
ţһиӦ
һ֪֪µͥѨϣСأơ
Ƶҹҹ
ҫ֡Ԫ̥֮½أеһʯȡ۵µ
ͥµܴҹҹδӯ
֪츳ȷʵǷ
µľ磬һµСأ
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ѨϣԽǿɵԽ࣬һĽչԽ
ڳʼʱֻȡ½صͷ֣áɷħ£½ص̺ʺۻࡢ̫ࡣ
ͥУ龳һҪеشǡ
ɷħܹƻѪʱ½صıһԴʺͶأṩܴ
ͥͬ
µСصܲӶʺͶأҪ
ҫ֡½صҲǿеģֻҪϴȡ뵤
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ʱʯͳһõѡ
ǰ½صʱ׼һЩʯ󸡢ղ󲢼սջʯ
УиߴȣƷʵ龧á
ֻǣΪֽľֻǻͥڱ龧еĻʵ˷ѡ
ԣеʯеµ
ˣµɴСأûбӯкܶռá
ͥо磬ǿµǶξһҪӯ
һУһ硱
ֻȡҪ硱֮ʱٴοµٴξ
һġʱ䣬û
츳ķǷʱ򷴶ƺ⾳磬ͻƣ졣Ⲣǻ£ֻҪĻۡ
һĮ䲻
һԨȻɫ
ٴ̤½غһ·½ضȥûʲôߣҲû
Ȼ˳ͥԨ;
ԷĻʶһʵڰй۲
һ죡
½أͻػϵ£֪أĬĬع۲Ȼ
Էʲô߶ȣ

ʵƣʱҲӿ
ڣûȫ¶צأԨһ
мʯͷ䡣
һλ꣬ʹһʯͷ棬̬˳
ܲԕF
ЦԨԱ
۹Ĺʦˣ
Ԩһ󣬺Ȼüͷ˵ûмǴĻƬأӦô
ֵ̬ܲԕF׵ͷʱ档
ָָա
ʦ˵ʱҾĶȤԨó浭ΪңżȻһϿɣܹͷ컯ϣ
ȫܲԕFЦŽ
һö裬ȡ˳пյĵڣһػӰһֶ
ڣƣ
ԨһȻûܳɹ˹ʦС
غӵö붾ĵʵҸġܲԕFֵ
һԨһĬĬأȥͨء
֪ų۹Ĺʦˣλµ۹ΪеĿֲڣֽûʲôŵ
ǣƵû̫ʤ㡣
ʵкܶ⡣
ƿ˼ܲԕFȻһЦֻǶе棬֪½أȵĺܶٶǳʲôԵɡ
У۹µ۹ǵжԣңѾǡ



ڶʮ ħ֣
ܲԕF֣Яһöڲпյ裬Źơ
ʧȥ컯ػ½أǰĴݵ·һж֮Уûκķۺͼ㡣
ţǽѰľʵϡ
ֻ۳۹µ۹ǰܲԕFӦһǿߡ
۹ۣȻ۵ĸսҪѷܲԕFһ
ܹܲԕFаģܶУҲŮʱˡ
ŮʣʵҪ곤ܲԕFһء
ңõԪܲԕFעҪ߳Ǭ½Ԫ¡룬˲ܳΪԪڵһλϡ
ŮʣûбԴ½ڣħӡ
˵ܲԕF˳۹µ۹ֽнĵһˣ֡
ǿǿи棬ܿӣԨЩˡ
һӿƣء
ǱеĺСѾͷʱͣˣѽѽأɬԼĵǺ͹С
޷ġ
Ԩֿοһ䣬ٴοܲԕFİ꣬ʦˣ֪㲢óƵ衣
ܲԕFȻһЦº͵˵Уڽ꣬ΪҩһʱҲнӴ츳ϡѰ
ô붾ĵӺζԨ˵УΪʲô㽫붾ĵغӣĪɣغĹĶҩڣָǰȣ
Ƶ񣬼ȻǵڣԨ֪ȵ£ܲԕFҲ֪ˡ
ôͥĴڣغ֣֮һֶΣܲԕFǿˡ
ܲԕFȻڵˣ;ʵҪͥҪһء
ȻˣͥǱغһ£֪飿
ͥϣҲԪڵĶɽһܲԕFΪ񣬽Դ½ģԪڣ
ܲԕFͥǷҲ
ͥѪΪѪ̰Ԫһ£λ۹Ĺʦˣ᲻Ҳ֪
һɻӿͷԨһͷ顣
ȱҡ
ܲԕFЦЦ˵ȵ£ҲƲȥţ󷨽⿪ԺҲȥ̽ˡˣʧһټûҺ֪ͥǻ÷ûлţ
ͣһ£ٴʵнڵĳ棬Ƿ
ԨôûȥңΨҵң
ʵ༸˾ϸߣ֪̫̽ѡܲԕFؽͣ˾ͣоҶĺģʵһЩ
÷ˡԨ
Ҳ£ҲˡܲԕF˵ͷһ㲻⣬أ
棬ӦǴλХȥˡԨ룬˵ͥ
ԥҪҪͥѪ̵Ĺϵ
ŶˣΪ˱ʾһ⣬ҿԸһ¡ܲԕFǴ󷽷ͥ񣬼غһ£֪ˡ
֪ͥݣԨȡ
˵ͥѪ̵طܲԕFޱȵĵЦһ˵Ҷ֪Ҳͨơ
ǹԨھˡ
ͥѪطһ£¶Ժ󣬹ƲŲһе롣
Ϊ֪ͥȻҪϾɱ
ΪܲԕFѹιƵ䣬֪ģûϵ
̷̤ͥɽ֮ǰҵҡܲԕFɫһ仰ҵĵһ仰˵ԼѪ̵ݡ˵ˣѪ̵λ棬ڱ̷ɽ
һԨպȻʧɫı÷ݵ칬ӡҲǲߣ
ǲߡܲԕFҡҡͷ˵ƻƶˣͥɽΪҵཨ飬ѡȶ֡
ȵ
ָָǰĺСѾͷͥ˵Ҳҵļƻ֮ڣҵ룬á֮ͥϡ
ԨɫȻ
ΪͥͰɽıڵĻˡ
δϵͷβûĳ۹ʦǼƻƶߣһʼͺͥºҪǺСѾͷ
λʦ½ʱӺԼ۹ڶǿߣЧҳħڵĶμֵܸԸ
ֱԪڸ߿
ôһ£
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գֿһۣʵơ
Ԩĵһ俴ô뽫飬ľƾ
ᡣܲԕFȻһЦʵҺͥǰɽʵһĳļƻͰţӦø֮ǰڳ۹ԪУͥİɽ㣬ǰڵԪ
㣿Ԩ
ҳԳħڡܲԕF˵ͷƻϲϱ仯źڳ۹ŸаұһֱˡҺҲ̫ˣõ۵Σ˴˹Ĺʦ
ۣңʼղϷȥ
ң̫ˣԪڴµĻһ·ȻΣҪˡԪڷ֣ŵţȷʵԪڵΪ˳ϯλ
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Ц
Ҵ𣬾ǳħڵħ֣ԪЧԳǰԪڣµı仯ҲҪˡ
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ܲԕFԼ˵Ϊν̬һŪͷСӣ˵ôܡ
ħڣħ֣ͥ簲ɽ㣬͸ԪڵĴӣ
Ԩ񼤵λʦ˵ȻʣȻͨˣ֪ǶμֵΪ¹죬ɱԼҵߡ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôܲԕFˡ
Ϊħڵħ֣ͥɽ֣ȡһ칬ӡҲǴ󹦡
ô̫˿ݱ¶Ԩȵ
νˡܲԕFѾ㣬ȥԪʲôˣҪ̫ãҳħħֵݣͻ˽֪
㣿Ԩһ
ЩʷˣиҪҪȥԪˡܲԕFһ꣬Ҷˣﻹں۹ֻЩۣûԸˡ
ҶԨüͷ㱾ڼ½




ڶʮ ¶
½Դ½Ӥͯĸߡ
һ˵ֻҪڼ½Դ½ĺӣ츳
һΪ߽ϣĺӣͷǷ
⣬½ΪŨӤ̥ʱͱǬ½еơ
ˣ½ĺͯΪĵӣֱӾǺġ
ңԴ½ڣħΪ׿ԽĵӣҲԱЩߵĺá
㣬Ǭ½ߣνëǡ
ޣղ֮࣬νǬ½µ۹֮ӣҲ类Դ½ͼ½Уᱻ
ǣµĴ½̤ѡǵţҲͨӵܡ
ܶˣֻǻѳźġ
֮ǰĶιīڳ۹һſ类ԪѡУ뵽Ժ󣬾ͱԪС
Ԫڣιīˣֻͨӡ
ԪڵźģʱЩ꣬ʢˡ
½֮Ǭ½ѡӣſޣԭ
߰µʵ̫ͣ
йƣžӣ꣬ǧꡣ
ƾõߣͷ˰㣬һ»ᵮá
Դ½ͼ½ź嫵ߣȥϷ½Ҳ᲻ظҪ˶꣬Ǭ½㣬ϡ
ҲǣΪεִ񾳵ߣѡȥǺεԭ
񾳣̤Ǭ½ǺУʵӶ˵Դ׳
ħЩǺֶԣĴߣߡ
࣬Ӷϴǵа
ڲƺ֮һһ̤֮·˫Ϻļѳ̶ȣ
ңԽߣԽ
ټϣߣУĵ¶ҪԴ½ͼ½Ӥͯ١
ȻԴ½ͼ½ߣֳǺӣħսž޴ġ
Ϊʢںˣͱͽ
Ǭ½ķˣ½ͽĿ꣬ڶķ֮УҲᵮ㣬½ȻſֲǱܵĵӡ
֮Ǭ½ķӵܣ½ͽʯ
ɾǬ½νǶ츳õ½Ƚͨ
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ܲԕFȻڼ½ԣǳħڵħ֣˾żŵ츳
ԨΪħ֡ģǱħδġ
ħûеǻȻ۹һݣȥԪǱͼıȻ
ħڳı£ʱֹ˵һиҪ鷢ˡ
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ɽɹ÷ˣ칬ӡ䡣
ôܲԕFıǳɹˡ
Ψһ⣬Լĳ֣ԼǺСѾͷȴߣǱͥú󣬽С
ڣ½س֣ѵֲƻĲ
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ܲԕFֻǻξһԶڴ˵δǿۺħʡ
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ܲԕF̸ʱʵһֱĵأȥ۰Ľâȥͨꡣ
ĬĬأšۼͻȥͨĸӺ֡
Լ䣬ܸ֪صĴڣҲ꣬ᵽĸӺֵϢͷԼ⡣
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³ʱԯѪλѾͷǱݼҡѾͷ뿪ʱżڴȰɽӦѪǱߣֻܶޡ
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ԨĬ
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ΪˣĬĬ˺ܶ飬˺ܶˡ
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ɽҷͥȥʱֻ칬ӡûȥǸììͱԨ档
˿̣ܲԕFҪˡ
ûһϻԨǸìֱӶ˳Ȼüͷ˵񣿡
ΪĻ̬ѳ
̬ܹٶ󻯣أһ㲻ܰѳʵ
ܲԕFŵ裬Ͳ̫
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ǽӹìԥһ£ذ³ǣ
Ԩͷ
һ䣬Դ½йأǺǼ½ԨԴУһ죬Դ½ͼ½ȫ濪սˣһߣܲԕF֣µʵ
վڼ½忴Ԩ˵
ðɡܲԕF˵ͷףˡ
ⷬ£񣬱ƮȻȥ
ԯ˵Ǽ½ħԻҿôãǶǣ޷ȷǻǻټģʲôҶн
⣬ݼֽĴ̫̫СΪ֮ɡ
ӰûϢ
Ԩվ¹£ãһֱܲԕFǷܲԕFΪֻҪǸìûж֡
ԯǷܲԕFй˼ɣŭǱڼ½һԼ
˵ܲԕFбͼı뷨
ôߣ۹ܲԕFĿǰһ÷Ƿ޷뷨
ݼң̫
ָһӣüٵ飬ٶȹҡ



ڶʮ ߵҩ
µ۹³ǡ
ڻƼҳ֮һȻɵݼңٴ˥
Ԩμ½ɥڵϢѲܡ
һʼ֮ܽ࣬˵Ԩûֻ½УʱԽԽãʼûԨϢҲʼɡ
½ڣԨ˺ܶµ۹Ĵߣ˵ӡá
ǣҵļԣЩµ۹˵ֱԨ
ҲһЩ˴ģ˵Ԩйء
Һͷңǵ۹壬Ȩ졣
ңټϼҵѹʹݼҵľ⡣
ԨϵǳģղһҪôйؼʱ̣ʼչУҪôСʱܸıľߡ
Ҳɣݼûеõ̫֧֡
½ʧһӵޣ֤ʵڵǿߴߣѾʽԴ½Ϊ˺ڵĺĵӡ
û֪ϣʲôԴ½Ϣ뺮ں󣬷ʳУǷ츳¶䱻ӡ
Ϊ㣬µ۹ͷȻθߡ
кڵߣ٣ҹ֧𣬻ϡȱҩġ
ȥ󣬱粻㣬ִٽ峤𣬴Ծ羫졣
ڰ³ǣݼҵĴ֪ԵԨϵĪ󣬱㴦ݼҡ
ݼңֲĸҩݣܾöҲҹá
ڵݼңڰ³㣬ֻΪԨڵʱƵһԪ鵤ԯҺԼһȡ˲ʯ
ԨںݼҲƲԪ鵤ģ
죬Լҵ鱦իڡ
̬ӷ׵ԶһʯںԺʯ۪˵ǧʯݽݼңݾͲҪˣ˹黹ɡ
۪̬Щнϵһʯ˵ǲ˼
ںܶˣھĹؼڣҪʯͻơ
ݷƷƣкܶݼˣʯ
Ԫ鵤׬ЩѾľˡ
ܽչǰҵѣȥԼԶ
ܽԼҺ󣬾սŷԾͻơ
еĹͣԨϣ˵Ԩξ
ԶҲ飬ﰵʵݼһЩԮ
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˼ӦҡԶ΢΢ӣ˵ǱǸԼڰ³ǣǿļ塣ԼҲҪȫ֣ҪΪ˿ǣԺܶҲΡ
۪˵ϣֲҩģԼһȡʯ
ҺͷңһЩݼҲģͷŻȥκμ壬˽ȥչݼҵҩݡ
ռμĸףˣ񶼲µ۹
д˵ܴӦȥԴ½ͼ½ҪĳС
츸ŮһߣռҵĺܶˣҲذʹȥݼҡ
ݼҵĴˡ
ʩѹ£ԼҾǴݼУҩݹùҲҲ¼ҳۡ
ҩݣʱѻţɢͬƷ
ȻˣҲ޷ɢȥԼûҩʦֺαصˣ
ˣԶ۪飬ԸȥݼҵҩݣΪԨĶ飬תʯ۪
ģչҪģЩҩҲ·½
۪һʯüҡ
һʯأڵЩˣʱõˣ´أ
´ΣԼ
ԯǱߣԯҲڱչأȻҲ֪ˣҪƴݼңݼҩҲ·󣬸ˣվسӡ

⣬ݼ
˵ݼңݼҵҩԣɢݼܱߡ
񣬺ܶҩԵҩݣͷá
һЩҩԣɴͻˣֲµġ
һЩҩūɹ̫ҲЩҩݵһûһʱ˵Ҳɥ
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ҩֲҲǿα˷ʱ䣿
ȻûˣٸչݼҵҩݣɴͲˣҩԻ߱ǡ
ݼڰ³ǣܿû֮أҲ㣬ȥĳǳأЩռصļˡ
ҩūֻݼ򣬺ܱ߳ģݼûйС
ǵְҲֻǿҩԣݼҵԼˣôЩҩԣǵȻӲˡ
ܶ࣬Ȼˡ
Ȼһһҩм
ɹ̫ҩū֮ûһб˿˿̸
Ԩվһ֪ǰݼҸҩԣӦǲܸˡ
Ȼ
ԱߣǺںݵСѾͷ󱳹ĹǽڶˣŵĺȹӣҲסǻļ׿ǣƲߵġ
ҲѧԨĴţӶ˶ƾúȤ
ڿȻûʲô˼ġԨЦЦҵʱ䣬һˡ˻ҪݼʧȥԺҲȲչҲͲǷݼңİõȥˡ



ڶʮ Ԩˣ
³ǣݼҡ
صʮɣһܲ͸ʯ룬ڷһʯ
̨ϣһص͸ʢһ飬͸顣
Ǿ飬ʲ״ͷųտɫ󣬲ðݳһ˿ϸı̡
̣ǲɢʯҡ
ʯҹһſűʯҫ£ǿгͷ­˶ľ壬Եôҫ۶Ŀ
飬ǾĺԨıǺ𣿡
Լҵ鱦իЩʯص۪ǿľ飬ҲĿѣԣ⺮Ǽ
Աߣү貣еڶ쿡ҲȻС
ݼؼңǿ龧壬ɫء
ĵ衢ҩݣΪ顢ء졢ȼÿһȼַΪƷ
貿ڣʱҪƵؼ켶ĵҪͬȼҩݺҩΪġƩ磬Ҫһö켶裬Ҫһ켶ҩݴףٸһЩ͵Ƚ׵ҩݣгɹܡ
Ҫ켶ĽҲͬ켶ΪʯټԸྫ
ھĺԨ֮ıǺΪԨڼ֮Ľᾧ亱
ǺΪ켶Ʒϡģݼص飬ͷΪġ
ôһǺڼ½ܶϢĽ
ʦľ㹻ɹĵȼ켶ģ
үɫ
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ǱߴϢ½ʧޣʵǱڵҵֱ˺ڡ
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үۿһ죬Ȼ˵ȥˡ
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ԨԨ֮һ֣ҲеޱȵοҪչȭţݼٴڷʱجġ
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µ۹ҽǺģΨе۹ҡ貳
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󸣬ϴ;³ʱҹһء貵
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СԨۼߣܼʱ֪ϵʽҵѣæҲ벻ףڵ۹ڣѵλŮΪλԨԸΪԨȥݼҡ
ĻǿС۪˵ͷ˵ǣԺأʼûȶʯԴһǺȡģкľ֮ʱ
ԺԺ˵ɡҲеΡ

ˣ
ڣ棬ûؼףߵ
տĵãȻƮһӲӵ
Ӻ£״̬Ȼſֻʺ룬һڣԵ欵Ӱ
Уѵԯɫõ˵£
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Ԩʶʱֻ΢ڶѡ
ܹڶ̶ʱ䣬΢ڣ½صйأȻ⻹гħڵİЯ
ԯҫħڣԯҺͳħھʹߣҫһ˰³ǡ
ҫߺ󲻾ã΢ڣ뵽΢ڡ
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ϡǰ׵Ļذ³Ǻ󣬾رҪ飬С
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ûسǣݼݼǱߣδõϢͣϾݼûרѶС
ݣ
Ǿ仰û˵ȫͷλչã˴ģ޶˵ĳˣʧȥӰ
Ԩк֮
㶣ҡͷ
ԯչʱûرҪ飬ط
Ԩ˵ȷĹԨϢҪһʱ֪
ǲڱչؽҪ״̬

ݼ
˼ңôԨЦů⣬˵ȥˡ
һֱڵ㡣΢ЦҼţ㶨ȻܻŹ



ڶʮ 
ԨꡢػλػԺ󣬽Ӵĵһλкøеĳ
үүѣԺ󣬺ܶطλеܷ
ңݼ򣬰Ϥ壬ǡ
ݼҵˣɹѣȻȥ½ʱӦ뿪³ǲŶԡ
Ϊθôãڣ
ڰ³ǣȻݼ
ĻɻԨţϸ˿ɫȻˡ
ޡۼͻ꾫һۿµͥѨϲλ˿˿ƵĺƲɢ
Щ·Ǵµɢݶγɱ˪䶳
Ĵڣƺܹܴܳأµ
ͬģҲ޷µͷš
ͥΪµͥѨϣߵ֮󣬾ȻãǶϾ׵Ŀԣ
˲УĴڣ˿˿͸Ѫอҹ˺
ȥ½زμԺҼݼҲ죬үүˡɫ糣΢Ц˵ȥ˱ĳǳأ˵һЩϢæҵ飬Ѱ󾳽ͻƣ̤뵽
ˣұ׵еţѪ棬อӯܴļޡ
лͥΪֻһϣ̤
ɡ
ͻȻһЦ
ңչسʱһɺ롣ڵҶڻҰ̡һɺҲͻأԤס
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Ǻҹʴҡ
ɫȻͳҺ˺ܾãôһˡ
ڣԨȵ
Ӧˡһ̾į˵룬Ҳݼңݼйͻǻ˺ڵĺ¡֮ҺһǱڻģˡ
үүݼڰ³ǣλչĳǳڣݼ֡ҺͺڣҲڰ³̫أֻһɢޣֳƯ⡣
ԣұ㱻ڣͻ֮ʣһĽѵ
ȥ
عǰԨӳ۹Ĺʦ˿У֪˳ħڵĺܶ¡
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µ۹ͳħڣУҺͺڣҪػĵ׼򣬲ڰ³
УʹһЩֶΣǿ϶ġ
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λߣûƾԳĺƻҹܺĥӦأͨñ֪ҡΪе³
ݼãԨʡ
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һ˿˿޷ḷ́µݳ
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صֹסزţð亹ΪӨ顣
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ϣݼңԨܿࡣ
Ԩɫ֣µѨϰȥţԿܷ㻺һ¡
ѽѽѽ
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Ԩޱ䣡
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ߣԨ֪֪о綾
СŮ裬ΪߵĺΪ
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ĺµѨʱ;ҫγɵѤóҵʱҳͻ
ֲĴʹУ˲µСλԨƺһֻСѪ䡣
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ͫԭɫ˲Ϊɫ
һ
Ǳ׶֮еľ綾Ϊһװ߲̣类һקţӲ

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ԨѪģµС˿ֻƤˣҲûˡ
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ݼкܶ˶׷׾
ˣ
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ݼҵҩԣ˳ڱչأΪͻȻˣ
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Сӣ
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˸欶˵ԯǺ֮УŲεϲɫſ֣ȥӵһԨ
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Ԩ¸ͥѨϴѪ쳣ԣɫҲܲ
ãٴμԨȻˣԯûɵʹ½ҲͰˣɴ˵ǰ³ǣҵƿطΧ˭
üɫ֮Ľź͹УûһαԨһů
һĻĻ㣬ԺӣԨЦЦ˵Ƥ˶ѣڰʹ˶ֽ֣綾طʽӡһɺϵĵ˭ˣ˭Ҫк
ڣԯһ䣬ǰźڣҲҪ˼أҲپ£ǰ³ǣǺڣҲ
ݼľòƺҰԨ
ɵܵܣֽ㲻ģҡңЩ˶ݼҵֶΣһַʽԯΣڰ³ǣֱݼ֣ҶȻˡ
õģǼƵѹƣݼҵҩû·
Ҿû취ָˡҼǰ³ǵĳҲЩˣǿչݼҵҩݡ
ԣǽ㲻æⷽҲûʲô취



ڶʮ С
ԯЦŽ͡
ݼľΪ³ǵĳȻ֪ġ
ȷʵҲûа취
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ģֻµ۹мݼݼҩݡ
£ԯθ棿
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һֻ۱һֻۣȥˡ
ţһͬǬ½뿪Ҳܲݼҵˡ
ռǱߣΪֻԹ˶ݼҲĶ಻
һߣЩռҵˣѹݼ鷳
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ݼڰ³㣬µ۹ĸЩҩݡ
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ڻƼָݼҵʵҲɲ̫ʯ
ݼҵ״ԯ֪֮ڣҲʵΣﲻʲôæ
ģڰ³ǣƿصڣ֤ڡңзҵȵжߣĿŵݼ֡
ģΪҲȨ¡
ֳˣѾΪݼңġ
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ھʹ֮£ʵ̫ܣֻ֪Ԩİĵͥλóȡ
Ҳһǣһɳһָֻԭ״
ĵѨϣϢࡣ
ȻĺϮҲʱõ˻⣬ֻǲ֪´ηֻǺʱˡ
㣡Ȼ䣬ע⵽ԨĻͥѨϴѪ硣
΢΢ɫȻʶںʴʱȻʲôȻλݼҵСүڴˡ
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ԨЦЦٴγһۣ֪λ񶾵ֶΣѾȻ⣬ѨϵĺҪ赼Ȼʴġ
Ѿͷԯ̲ע⵽ǺݵСѾͷ
Ц⣬ı̲ȴȻʡ
֣ǸںݣЩСѾͷ͸һɣʶԶõΣոС
ܵظоλԨһȻݼСѾͷǲ򵥡
ϵһСáԨüͷ˵˵ǣ˵룬Ҵ½سذ³ǵʱġ˴䣬ܶǲˣҲ˵ȫ
ںݵСѾͷԨԼʱԵúܽš
Ԩһ˵꣬۾ǹЦݣƺȻˣ·˵ˡ
룿ԯȻôݣ
ȡġԨʼ硣
Ϊʲô룬֩Ǹ룿ԯʡ
š
ԯ棬֪϶ΣԨȻԸͣҲǰٸʵ׵׷ȥСӣѾ̤ͥˣ˻⡣
ͥȻһ𣬡ô죿
ȽϺáԨ΢Ц˵
һ㲻档ԯǧĵأһۣղЩһ½صɹ뵽ˡ½شôã񻹻ų뵽ͥʵ̫ˡ
λУ͸Ԩ˵һУΪǿġ
ղ֮
ĺϿɣ㣬ʼռԨ½أһɹأԷǳõ״̬ų
ԣڱչǰָʾһԨϢһʱ֪
ʵ֤ǶԵġ
ôң֮ԨȻһЦ
֮䣬˿ԯЦţǰܻأһı۰ޱǵ̬˵ߣǻذ³ǣ
ԨȻű۰Ϸ崥ıʱҲسǡ
ΪΣԯ֣Ťͷ˵үүùöܵ㣬Լҵ٣Ҳǳ㡣ȻˣȻҪȥ³ǣȻݼ򣿡
ҾǴʱݼ򡣡Ԩ̬
ݼ򣬲ǰ³ǣԼˣ¡̫ȫԯüԥһ£˵ûг֣ݼ򷴶ȫ˺ˣǾͲһˣ»벻ļһա
˼Ӧ޷ġԨᣬָһƬƬߵҩԣ˵ЩݼĸֻǲݼҵҾŤתҪ˼һ󡣡
ǣܸıʲôԯ⣬ҩݳ˵ճٺãû˹кã
᲻һġԨ˵

ʲôԨСӻˣ
ݼңү貣֪Ϣ֮󣬾ϲ֮࣬ŭȻˣΪβؼңϴ
ֲҩݡ۪ݹŹ֡
α겻αߺߵ˵ݼ⣬ҩֲĲãǱ鷳
һû˵꣬µȥݼ򣡡
ڶݼˣݷƷ֮࣬һɨܻ
·ԨĹǼĻʯ
ڶ쿣кܶϵݼˣҲС
֪ʱλجʮ꣬ҡһ䣬Ϊ˼Ĺǣܾ˥Ĺؼ

Ԩˡ
ԼңԶҵպȲ裬ɹ̫µͷӣܽѾͷ˵ûһԨ
̬Сŵ۾Ȼһæ˵һȥݼң
Ԩݼ򣬶ǳڵݼҡԶ͡
Ǿȥݼ򣡡

³ǣֺ׳ĳղս졣
ۡһľңʯһͷӲӵľɽأղͷ֣ͷųֱĻܡ
һʯ˲仯촷ۣӴܺϣղڣ塣
ղ󲱾£һͭȻ̶Ķ
վһеղͭϲЦҾ֪Сû£
˵գͳϰȻƿʯţµҪȥ³ǣ



ڶʮ ڵİݼ
³ǣµ۹ǳУ̽Ϊ
ǳصλãʵҲΪƫƧ
ΧŰ³ǵݼܱ߿ʪʺֲҩݣݼҵķԴأݼһ
ݼıïܣ࣬һЩޡ
УƬһֱ򱱣Խڶִ֣ܵ۹ء
ֻվ۹ʵңԶʹµ۹۹֮䣬ͨƬϵ
ΨкܶླǷߣܹԽϿٶȣܹնأƬ
ͷգס
Ԩݼ򱱷Ĺľվţ۶
ȡΪĺСѾͷ۾˸⣬Ĵ̽ţʱ΢ڷֱرζ
үôߣ
һͬĿҲǹľȷʵܹͨ۹ģ·;ΪңԶ۹ôǿʢûԽƬµ۹͸֪ʲôԭ򣿡
ԨЦЦ֪һ㡣
ĿɫҲ֪
šԨ˵ͷ֪ݼ򱱷Ƭ򣬷Աޱȡֻǣ඼ǹľԣиһЩط񶾵޺͹ֳ棬ѶԸأ൱ӣּϡʺϷʺ
ġ
Ƭ򿪱ٳҲûʲô壬ϼӵĻö֮һЩߵĶ֮ءԨֿ죬˵кܶµ۹۹ˣڹڷ񣬾ͻ档
عϡϲľïܣһȥͺѰ
Ĵߣε˵ﷸСǲŲãºܶ棬ܶ׷
ʵ֪аħᱻѹ½ء
ݼ򱱷ӹȥģҲûʲô˲Ĵ

ҪµأΪҩԣֲµҩݡԨĿǰжƣݼܱߣЩߵҩԣǼ߰ɡǱֲҩݣһЩϡѰģǽȱģġ
Ԩ
һߺȣһǽһͷ˶İ׻ϣһ·ľԣݵس֡
ǽȻܽĸסԶ
ӵأЦţĴſµİ׻嵽ԨԺ󣬷ͣҾ֪Сû£ҵݼˣǱߵȺˡҹʱɿүүùǣݼ򡣡
áԨ΢΢ܽС
ĸѾͷǳáԶգգۣص˵ʱµ۹ûһʱ㡣
Ԩͷʾס
˵Ҫ￪µأֲҩԣԶüͷһ˵ȷߵ򣬾˵ʺֲҩݣݼҵȱЩԹʧˡУֲҩݣҲ
ֲҩݣбݼЩԨ˳ǣ˵ֲҩҽϢųȥͲû·µ۹ĸ壬ռڣǵʱҪһδؿϳ
ⷬ˵ĿԵ
ԶһۣͻȻСӣŵģҪֽˣԼʲôط԰ģ֪һͺã
ҲݼʱͷˡԨ
ҲûʲôæԶЩݼٵ鷳˽ˣԼҲһڣԼҵļҵӻʵһЩܼæҿְ
Ǳ㹻ˡԨ˵ͷ߰ɣȻݼ򡣡
գȵͷ
ţҵүүǶϵ㡣ԶЦ
أŴԺ󣬱־еֵ롣
ƱԨԸûһص˼Ԩͷ󣬻롣
ԨصںݣֳĳСŮкܶɻ󣬲ԨûнͣҲûʶȤϸʡ
װʲôûԨһȥ
뿪һˣľ롣
ǰػεţ֮ЩïܵģƺܺõĹľһŵص¡
ľԵ£һؽؾӨĹǽڣľϡ
ƬƬĿյأͱ׾ٵ
Ǽ롣
ʪصף˿˿ƵۿĲɫ߲㣬ƯȻʧ
кֲڵصģ˵ĶأԱӪ
Ԩ֮һֵأҪⷽ򿪱ҩԣΪڡ
ΪĵߣԨκ˶֪죬ӱ̷ɽҲǳⷽĿǡ
ڣⷽؾ޿ܡ
ʵҲȱ̷ɽȣʺ
̷ɽ󣬶֮أֻһСƬѡ
ﱻҩΪأƽǷƣʵԴⷽأǱһԨռΪŪ̷ɽġ
밲ڱ̷ɽΪҩڵҩڱ
ʵʺĵطƬ̣ڰ³Ǻ۹֮䣬Ĵִ

ݼլ
ļٵأƵƵ򱱷ѹû˵Щʲô
ֻԨʱ
ͨϵҩūѾȷŴ½صǻŻˡ
ȻҲϣĬĬȺĳ֡
ڣԶѾһȥ֪ͨԨѾȲֱȥߵǷļ֮ˡ
үӣ˰ݼ
Ȼ۪Ȼ߳Կǽ̸貺˵
˰ݼ˭ݼֲǰ³ǣôô죬֪ǳǣݼģ
ˣԳںڡ۪
ڣ
貺ˣԣɫ䡣
ڵߣϴڰ³һͿغ󣬾ûгֹ
ΪͻȻðͷΪʲôôɣ
貳
ССһ³ǣССݼңССȻ˲
ͻ𣬶ԷССʾݼң貵ĲмͲ貵һ䡰ǿð˳



ڶʮһ ˣʲô磿
䣬һλ׷ͯյţȻ財ǰð
һɫ߽̽ĳۣһ˦䣬ϸܵ⽦俪
ٿһ貺򣬴ֵվסһۣݼҵμ
ϸ磬ŭһºһ
Ȼ󣬾ͼһ£ϢºֹͣǷˣһ⣬վ
ҽμԺڣҪݼҡЦݣָָԱߵţ˵λҵһϸ磬ڶ
ɣ
һ˵ССһ³ݼңĵԴ½ڰݷãҾ֮ˣ
Ǭ½ڸ۹ڶļͻң¡ضԴ
Уμ˵ڵԺ֮С֮͸õһʱӭӡ
貵һ˲ͼŭֱӳ˽ȥ
ɶ貣һۣ΢ʶչжϳ貺ˣֻΪ
һ֮
μ΢ڡ
Դ½ںͺڣμڣеġ½硱Ǭ½ҪȻ̲ˡ
ڣ
ΪԼҼ΢΢ɫ
Դ½ߴڣֱΪڣڣڣڣ̫ԨڣˮڣŻڣʵսȺơ
ڣߴڵϣȺø߳һء
ڽЩ꣬ǿ߱гԽڣһϳ̵ͷ
Ҳˣ߳ߣʮǬ½Ϊ𾴣Ҳڵˣֺ
ڣ
貾ɣȻǺڵˣڵʱҲһ
֪ڵǬ½£ȺڻҪ裬Ҫ
һڣѾͷ۵ˣټڡ
ϸ粻˰ݷãǴһμ΢Цţ˵ôһ䣬Ȼһأ˵үӣݼңһǺд£
üγԣ
ٺװ⣡ɲȻŭǿǺݼҲ˷ѣˬ㣬۳ݼңԱֶڰ³ǵѾͷҪǿǺѸٿĹؿ
ѾͷݼңΪһҷϵĻԼԴ½˵ĵģݼǷģ
ףһڣ·㣬
ߵģƺݼҿӺޣһ޾ίС
Ǻ޵ľͻơμ΢΢һЦ˵ţݼҲⶵ۱ǺԴһƬ
ȲݼңǷһǺһǿӲУҪóۣ涼кڣ
ôүӶǺڣʲôɼμһ졣
ɼȥˡ貺
ССݼңǲСɷЦЦУһ磬ʧذ㣬Ĵ俪
ϸϢŭμæֹݼҲڰ³ǣ³ǵĳԺͳħڹϵܡǰħڵķҫƺڷҫȥú󣬾ͺһ㣬΢Ϊ
ħڣҫŴԣûƽϢŭ𣬷ꡣ
˺ˣȳȥɡμǿקɣŪߣүӣ㲻࿼ǿǡǺڣǴһ
һ˵ţһɣݼլ̤
һ뿪ݼլɾͲˣϵܣʲôССһݼҰˣôŵģ
ݼ򣬿ɲǱģһϢμüͷһ壬ҪڽһչЦˡ
Ű׻ԶݼĿֵϣޱ۵ð
Ԩͷ׻档
ףһͷļɿͷ׻ſ񱩵ѪӿЩȣ˭
ú󣬱Լ֮μѹ͵ҵõɿϢԼұЩԨԴǰЩ˵Ǳ߶ԼɱģͼԼңӰ³ǳ
Լôɺˣ
ҾͲ֪ˡμɫͷٽʱûٿԶֱضԨǴ½عԨү
Ѿͷδ򣿡ɺȻŨȤ
μ԰̤꣬ǰ
ںԨʲİ꣬ɫһ겻ɢ
ڣɫ
ϵԶԨôһ˵ƶС۾ء
μܼԨү֮μԶ;һ񣬡
ԨԯѪ̵İ綷ʱڰ޸Ůһ⡣
˵ڣû˱˽Ԩ
ҵˣ޵ĸ𣬶δǰԨ⡣
ڣμҼ
ԨظӦһԴڴ˵ģϤϢ
ĥһ£Ԩͱ䣬Լ̬˵ݼ򲻻ӭ£Զ롣
ˣݼˣһһ裡ɺȵ
ǣԨ
ڣɣ
ô䣬δҲʲôݼˣʲô磿Ԩ̡



ڶʮ 
ػؼ䣬ǻͨ˻Ǹ
ۼͻģһֱꡣ
δִ΢ʶûоۼԨֻ곬ĸ֪ɲεʶ飬Ͷ϶ɵʵʾ磬μһֻ΢
΢ʶܶ΢Ȼ
һ֣μʼɺμˣʶĴ̽Լ
ʶ١
ļʶѪӿ沿޺̬ϸ΢Ҳܲ³Ѵ
ô䣬Դ½ڿޣĿǰֻ΢Ȼʲô˲Ĵ
Ҳ̸һ
һվ½̷ɽһĥ£ӴˣȻҲ΢ɣʲô˲ġ
һСӣ
ŭЦ۰һǽڽ֮ʱըѿ
ž
ǻе﷽λҫҪ
ڵμһŭſԡ
ֻǣƺʲôμȻ
˵Ϊµ۹³أ
ԶӷɽķȻͷ׻䡱һǰվ
ԶɺԨ֮䣬һ˫ƶ۾ͻ˹â
Ǿֵ̼䣬Ƥ㣬ٴһ֡
һɰԵĲ񻰵İѪɽǰĶԵĻҲ
֪ӺʱսǾ߿ӷ׵̬Ȼ̲ſֲս
ף
߳һ󼶱ɣ˿ͺɫء
ڵμ룬ͻȻûϵһСС³ǣȻԻϡ棬ϡ棡
ԶԨҲɫȻҲ
ݼ򣬵ȷǰ³أǾ͸ԯңħһ档μһЦɼ򣬡ϸ磬ˡ
ӭͲӭɡ࿪ӣתԨλС㣬ҺڵĴΪ״ӡǺΪⰲһ£ϣݼܽһֽԼʹϡ
Ԩ΢ЦԼ˵
μЦһҪˣ
ԼһҪһ£顣Ԩ˵
ҿСӼֱֶŭˡ
ˣˣμһץסȥԨôʵܲǡóǻԼǺ۸ǺڣЩͽˣα˾ǿ
ԨӦ
μҲûмȰ˵ӲǽڵɣݼŪߡ
壬Ӻʱת޼½ˣ
뿪ԨȻһЦԶ˵԰ûмǴĻҺʱ㲻ڶѡôʱ䣬ڣڶʱڣȥ΢ҹĿ࿴
ԶڣһԾ̤ڣҲһʱ䡣
ôʱ䣬˿ľͻƣͬСɡ
ħ龳ǴϣҪԽĳħߣǿ
½ʱֻղû뵽󣬷ԶҲˡ
Ǹ˱ĻԵ˳ƸˣȻҾȻʺϡԶͷ̬ЩΣ˵ʵҲմҼѾͷĹ⡣
ܽСãԨһ
Զͷ
ԨȻᣬŲ²ܽ½ټֲ츳Ӧǹ;УڻصԼҺ󣬱½ĳֲˡ
λǳĻ
ϲ塣Ԩ΢Ц
Զ֪ԨӦǲ³棬ָͷļͷļս൱ϻҲġ
ˡԨ˵ͷޱȵ˵ϣոǺڵμ㲻Ϥ
˻⣿ãȻ
ҹʴĺģǴ˰Ԩ
Ȼһһǻŭڣ΢΢ڣμ
šԨԿ϶𸴣ҴϣӦϤϢǰҰ㻯⺮ʱ캮ȻǺڴϢμǻеģͬһζ
μҧгݵصͺȡ
ȻܿɥˣȻ̾
֪Σ
ǾΪǳܺμȡ
ڣµͥ֪ʱͻٴηܽ׵ͻᵽ£ʹȥ
μ΢Ϊ
˲Եȣ֪μʹѵбϣ
ģڵһɺҲںԺûеＫǰ뵽Ƴ˼Ԩ쳣ŵĿ˵ݼңԨǷģỹ㡣
۾һ
֮ݼϢפڵңԨЦˣȻңҼʧ
㣡

Ԩ
Сӣڿϻˣ
ͺãû¾ͺã
½أʲô飬ôɺ㣿
ݼլ貣岮ùãһ֣Ȼվضը
ǳǳ⣬˵ϣУЦݡ
ǽʱҲ࣬ƺݼͷΪԨĹһɨա
ͥѾǻͥΪ
ԼҵμǵͫȻ⣬غȵ԰ȥ½ʱֻͨΪŶã
ͥԨִͥˣ
Ȼǻͥ
ݼҵˣһϲĽ£ȸԾ
콫½صľһһʮص۪һ˵ģܹѱ棬ֻ˵ġ
ԨʧЩӣĸִԣµ۹
˵ᣬҵԺɱΪ˱Եĳޡ
˵µ۹ĴߣҲ½Ĩɱ
˵ͱаħᣬԲʮĳźͻȻѹһı˳̤½ء
˵аħҪ½Ϊý顣
˵˳۹ӣڰͶϳ۹ڣ녵ĵӣװɵ녵ķŻ½Ҫɱ֮ĵ۹콾
ԣڵ۹ǳش˵׷ףѱ档
ܽղһССǵĺܶ˵ǣû̫ŷ
ԣö֮ױš
ҲΪĸԣݼڰ³ǣµ۹˵ӡ󣬶̫á
ԣҡļݼʱҶȻ
飬ž
˱£Ԩ򵥴Եأ˵һ½صڲȥ̷ɽȣ˺ܶ
ģҲ׷ˣֻǾ½صĻʺҵУͶһӡ
˻һתıǺǴ㶵ۣ
վŵ貣Ȼһ̾һƨεֻʯ棬һлʧȥˣĸʱ벻ĳ·ֻܽǿǺóȶɹѹ˵
Լһܰġڡ
Ͼǳ֮ơ۪̾
ҩݣҲ𣿡ԨЦݺ㣬ҼȻˣȻҪӸϣһݵؽ鷳
ˣҪݼңӴԺͥУЩչҩݵļ壬ƴӿݼ򣡡
ңµ۹
Ԩÿһ仰
貵ˣӳⷽ٣ЩãȻʧ롣
ˣ
˵ֻû˵ȥԨ
һʱ䣬ǻῴЧῴֻµ۹ĵ۹ˣҩڵҩʦݼ򣡡Ԩȵ
ҩڣҲԨ˵ģ۪С
ĿԴɡ



ڶʮ 
µ۹³ǡ
³ǣֵ¥
ǳһƬ¥߰ǽ
ǵ۹֮ڡ
ң̫ԺԽӹܼ֮λ
УϣǷ
Բ½ս׵ܵ˳ƵǶڵİΪڵ˳΢
ֻǣֳȣľΪࡣ
ڲһЩĶԹʣž˵𾳽ʵ쵼Ի͡
״¥ֶԶʳǷλ
һҵͣһҳҳںֽţڵ񣬻дӸϢ
ڵμѶͣһҳֽμڰ³ǡ
ͻȻعתμڰ³ǣ
šͷֽϵݣɫ΢䣬ݼҵǸԨСү
üͷһôˣ
Ԩӡ̫ˣЩ䣬˵ò
ˡһ˵ûжϢͻȻ䣬ݼð˳μ֮ݼҳ֣Ϊע⵽ٹ죬ݼƣǱ֪Ԩ
Ԩ
ɫȻ䣬ƽ飬÷˵ȻţţһֽԼͲϣޱ뺮ڣܴӣҵϢϢأ
μǰʹϢ֪ҴΪⰲһ£
ԷԪһλ֮ӣ
һջ𣬡ôˣ붼½ˣΪƫƫųˣ
ҿ
һ
һҪ壬һ
һֱλ˽ԼΪԨ޶׵̫ûȥ֮ǰҵߡ
̫ݼҾߣʵǿߡ
µ۹ϯλڵһˡ
ˣе壬Ը׵׵ܵܡĺ
ĺ³ķԴ³ǳ꾲ޣ񾳺ΪĺڳԳξȷ̫˵ûҪ飬Ҫ˴
ĺϴ³ǣ̫ȥҪ֮Ǹλãܶ˲
ĺȻ³ǣΪԳٱʵˡ
ԣĺΪصˣ½Ϣ󣬾˵ĺ³Ǳߣס
֮˳ƳΪ֮ʱĺû¶档
¶棬ΪĺһֱƲ֪Ůõ˺ڵȫ֧֡
ұˣҲΪ㣬ҪǸλʱûԡ
ֵ֮䣬ĺһֱģʼնԣǵܵ
Ϊ¼ģȥ³ǰݼ
ĺȴܶ
һҪĺǷԸ
˼ңǲϼ
Σҵģ˵ֻҪ֪Ҫͼ˵¹ؼɣУԨٴݼϢҲһ
ãðɡӦ

۹ռҡ
طִʣһŲɹ嵥ϣгļţǸݡָŲõǰ˵Ϊʲôݼҵ֣嵥ϣҼǵãѹֹһΣԺҶϣݼҵ֣͸ҵ嵥ϣ
Ԩڴˣһϳ鱦իֵλ
зƵ졢ŮʧʱߣҪõҩ嵥طȥ
ÿһΣݼڡ
طǽݼҵ֣һδεػ
ҼСǱˡҪرȥݼңԸġƲÿһεĵӣݼڡݼҵҩݣʱ۲ĵӼɹݼҵҩġ
ݼҪưݼ򣬻ܱƬҩԣռҵģǸãطһݼǱͣаţҿţҪ˶ãǱԼͼǮݼеҩռҵģ
˰Σ̾ԭˡ
֮ǰɻΪطôݼңЩһֻ۱һֻۡ
طȻ֪ЩˣҪʲô
ıݼңݼƿصʺҩҩԣԼͼǮռҵģȻȹݼҵҩݣҪĻ㡣
Ϊ˴ĿģʱĵʧȻʲôˡ
ǰ£¾ռ֮죬ԨԺΪռҵĴֿǣ춼пĬ
ϾԶĻ̲ݼҸռҵǿʢ
ռҸ飬о飬кܶɹ

ݼ򱱷ء
̺ϣڶľǺ룬һССĵ
ĵǳͺͺģĲһľ
ССĺĵϷȻһƬҩݣεضСɲ¶ǰ㣬֦ҶʪŢȻ¶
ҩݣֻʮ֦꣬ΪϸܵĽ˿ƣһȦȦػš
ҫʱЩɫƣչ⣬ԡ
ҹ̵ĺ棬ڳɵЩҩ㣬ݵһ֦ɡ
չ⣬ҹּȡʹʮҩݣ׳ɳ
ÿգҹʱ֣һӰɽȻǺĵһҩεһȦٴŲ
죬һλŵŮӣïܵĹľԣʱ΢Ŀȥ
Ůҩڵİݷݷûڴˣһ³ǴϢһѰ
֪ݼ򼫱֮أо綾ȻӶмֺݡ
ǱŶݶ
ǰĹľԣ⿴ССĵʱͻȻס
΢ΪתȻһ
ĵĵϣʮصҩݣ˲
ʶأ쾪һ۾аأٴȥ
ʮҩݣССĵеûб仯ҹЩҩݷȡź
ݷݷ˺ܾúܾãȻЩţսݣؼƷȴ亱Ǭ½ֲĿսݣΪλڴˣ
սݣҩڶĴѰҵݣ˵ֻԴ½ͼ½ضط
ȽײߵĿսݣһֶ鵤ĸҩݣġ
ǵҩȱ˿սݣȻƳɹĸʣͻȵĽ͡
ҲˣʹõȽײߵĿսݣʵʵļֵҪԶĵȽס
ҩڣÿ궼Դ½ͼ½һЩˣսݣҴδαԷʹס
͵ؿȻпսݣǰĵ֣ݷݷô



ڶʮ 滨ݱأ
𺳵İݷݷӰһҪǺĵ
޲ĺ棬ͻȻ΢
峺ˮȻûǣǺϷԼɼӨӨĹɵ
ݷݷرɫ
ǱĵӣǿֹȻһصأˮ
룬´ڣץһɫɳӣ˳ȥ
ɳɢƮ档
ͣ
һ䵽棬ЩɳͻðŨ̡
ݷݷٴαɫվںϵͷ΢ĺ棬ĬĬһ
ٸ춯
ʵһӣע⵽ֽƽˮٴα峺
ת˫ҫźˮһӣͼĺڣûһֻϺˮݶû
أߴĹľԣĵïʢ·ǿڱκҲ
ȻγɣΪĺۼ̫ࡣ
˰Σݷݷζüͷ˼Բڣҩֲֻа³ǵݼҡݼҲڸԶֻǣݼҵôֲսݣ
ɻ
ҩڣǬ½Ѱأ˳ԣܽսֲɹֳ
ݼôܣ
ˣŪ״¼Ǻ˵
󣬰ݷݷٴ˵سʱ䶺תȥ𴦲̽
ʱ
һ쳣أƺѿУðʮĻݡ
δһ֦Ӳӵģתϼ⡣
ϼ
ݷݷҲ̲סʧУʶأҪȥ
Ȼͷ֣ѿڣݳ̱ζ
ȻɫȻͣסʮûгġϼ૵ϼֻھ綾֮أϼأϼĴأǱ쳣ʪðݸʴ˵ľ綾
ϼΪؼƷҩݣҪѰ֮
ֻǣŵĵ伮Уϼ֮أӦⷽظն֮ء
λݼ̫ڽӽľ飬֪ǲ̫гϼġ
ǣһĳϼͬһ׶Σûһʢһ仨
ڱ𴦼ĳϼǲӲģеĸеѾеľҪή
ǰ㣬ÿһϼڸ׶Σûһ꿪ģʵ
ǡ
һͷڰݷݷԺԼһ
ǰĳϼȻγɣΪ
ֻΪĳϼͬһʱ£пǰ㣬Ľ׶Σͬ
Ǭ½Ҳкܶаŵҩʦҩݵֲ棬û˭ֲܶϼ
о޴ɻİݷݷ˱֮УȻֱ
ܱ߻ε
Ȼ־ط֣滨ݣܱͬߵأո¡
ңƶ
滨ݣͿսݣͳϼһǬ½亱ǲֲܱġ
滨ݣȷһʵ
ֲ
Ҳ˵ܱߵ滨ݣȻڡ
֣Щ滨ݣԾ
ʲôˣܹڸЩǬ½ֵ滨ݣɹŪ

ݼլһҡ
Ǽңϵǻţʱפ㣬ϣڴأʯš
ү貣ͥԺľΣŷǵ׺ҹա
۾ҹգһ˿˿ݵҲǼܱߣܸӦҵ¶ȣʱ쭣ʱ轵
Ԩ棬Ѵ˴졣
֨
صʯţڲƿ
貺ˣȻʯţɫ
ʯţɢݳʯŷ϶ڿܿպĵ¯ڻԴȡ֮ȴ
¯棬ϸָܶӵĻƣ𽥰
ͷƤ¶˵Ԩˮʪȴ¶ظĲȻЦݣ˵Ҳ
ϲˣ
һöĵ裬ԨţģǬ鼶Ʒѣ˵û˹Чֻṉ̀Ԫĳ浤ҩԪںͳħڵ˵ֻҪΪ¹ͣᱻʹǬ
ԪںͳħڵߣǬĥڵĳϴƤǣеѪķ
˵ԣ֮
Ԩ˵
Ҳ£Ԩ棬һڽǬ¡
븹ã˿˿ƵµͥѨȥ
µʱȻȻѪڣѪ
ȻҵǱͥѨȫɡ
һͥѨϣĿϲɫ
ӦЩǱͥСصģԼܳһƺܣȻǱϡ
¸ͻʹС
ϲɴۣԨ˵У
ԨȻһЦ˵ȻС
Աߣү貣⣬ЦǺǵ˵֢ܶҩһ޳µﺮܣҲͷˡ
Ԩָָʯң˵ϣȥ֮ǼʯҶкô
Ҳƴǣ˽ȥڲʯŶס
Ǻڵμ
ȥԺүɫأ˵Դ½Ҳߴ֮һֶ˱޳ܣ
˵ߴڣԪڡںڣŵӺͳڶ࣬Ҳʲô˶СԨ΢΢һЦ˵λޣ뺮ڵĴϣΪ˴ﵽĿģֶεˡ
ǿǺ̾Ϣ
ŰɣڵĴϣ̫ܽעݼҡԨܵȻμݼ֣ӦòֻΪǺݼҵ£˵Ӧֻ˳һ
ߣֻС£
ţǸμĺߣɲ򵥡Ԩɫ΢еĺͨ˳ġǱڣͬѰμǾ粻ߣںڵλȻС
ⱼݼңΪʲô𾪡
³ܱߣΣܶطܶණЩ졣ԨЦЦָűƩ棬źܶ
Ȼ
ţݼͨ۹򣬱ϡʺϷ˺ߡԨ񣬵ɹĵطȻɲС
˽䣬Ϻȳ
Ԩͷȥһɫ޵񣬴ƲȻ֣߸
ˣ貱ȡ
ֻɫ޵ĸ֪УѪ磬Ӧļݡ
ļݣΪ൱ϥ侳һԺһŬҲڡ
սδؾֻɫ޵Ķ֡
ɫ޵ϣһš
䣡
Ӳӵľ޵һ󣬲û£ײϡ
޵ϣһ˹䣬ǻͺ󱳴Ѫֹ
ղ󣡡



ڶʮ 
ڵصģȻǺԨ½زսղ
μߴǳſõԨͣ׽ģ»֮࣬ǰղ
ϣõôģܽ⣬Ҳղ
Žɫ޵񣬲Զǧղڽײغ󣬾˵ĵڵϣԨΪ𶯡
ǣ
ղҵүղ󡣡Ԩæһ䣬ղԣһۿǻͺ󱳴ȻѪ硣
ѪǺںɫ
ֻɫ޵ǰδܿƨɺ֧࣬
ӼʸƤУʳѪҲǺںɫ
ղү貵飬ʱ˵ƲᣬȻʲѡ죬һΪֻɫ޵񡣡
ΪжŻԲѡԨ
Ȼûղͽɫ޵ƣҲжϳղǿУڻԲǰӦǳŽɫ޵ߡ
Ľɫ޵ֱ˼ղһش
ɫ޵һ·ղҹȴȻ׹䣬ӦǼʸڵľ綾ȫˡ
Ҫ
ЩںɫѪЩüչ˵£Ҫ֪³ǵó֪
ղң³ǿļ壬ȡңΪ
ղţ½ص
ղңý񴫳кϿɵСӣ
뿪³Ǻ󣬾ݼϮо綾֪Ҫһʱԯ֪
ȻͨڣصĴѶ󷨣ղ֪顣
үүȥͨϢҡԨ
һ£ϵľ綾
ҡԨ
һۣ˵ͷ˵ԼСġ
͸صӣܶط壬֪ԨΪΪݼҺá
㲻ٶʣһ죬ῴף֪ô¡
뿪Ԩվղֻɫ޵м䣬һ귢
Ȼǵȴ
ɫʱȻ㣬㲻ء
Ԩ˵ͷ΢ЦҪˡ
ųªСģƴڲųϻгʪζһ˫Ц⡣
ͫɫѸٱãɫ
һӨӨĹǽڣ㣬ġͻ
ӶһؾӨͷ⻮˼£ղǻͺģһɳ
ڽɫ޵ļʸ⣬Ҳ޳
ǽؾӨͷ֪䣬ȻɺںɫȻġ
ٿղ󣬺㽥ӵĶأʧٶӰ졣
ɫ޵񣬱ʸеĲλн硣
ˣЩ滨ݣ⡣ԨĿ⣬˵עһ㣬˶ϡܾãڿܻʲô鷢ݼ򱱲ҩĵط
μɺȻ֣ղˣ衣
ɫͫһ㣬֡
ҩڵİݷݷӰأͫ
ӷֿսݣǺĵ𣬰ݷݷһһܱߵĹ켣֮ͫУѸٵһ顣
Ԩ㵵
֪˫ܹһ֡
˵ݷݷûǺĵʱѾڰжˡ
ҡҡͷ
ԨüҩڣѵΪʧΪңݼЩҩݣȻϵãǲ뿪
֪⣬㲻صģȻȥ
ʱղ
Ԩ
һղУݼ;УϮ㵱ˣ³ǣԯƹܵΪʲôİˣεڳɱˣ
֪ԷԨ
͸һˣؼףߣϢ뺷ɭ䣬ǳɱ¾Ľʿŵߡղ˹ˣԩ޳ģᵽټԦŽ£ѯʱǱȻɱ֡
ؼףߣɱ¾սʿԨ˼ţ˵ǵľΪأ
лͥҲΪߣ΢𡣡ղһֶΣһֺϼ֮ұ֮ϣͿĨŶҺ˲ãо֪ˣ͸Ͻ뿪ˡ
ϵĶѾˣݼԨ
˵½سˣֵһ㡣ղֿ죬ȻһЦǻλ˿ڣֱѪȻˣȻЦ˵԰Ѿ˻ͥսǽأкǿ̿డ
صͼԨȻŹ
ˣղҵЩˣ˵Ԩȥʱηϣܹϣǰ㣬ݼһЩԮ
ֻϧղҺݼǰûйӴû
ҡҿԣռǱߣѹ£ղҹһ£ûΪһѾȥԨûΪԨڽصĽ飬ȥԮݼҡ
Ϊˣݼһֳì
³ܱߣвݵؼ׽ʿȻû
Ԩۣܾýڲ̫ƽӦʲô飬Ѿڷˡ
úˣ˺Ժ󣬻Ǿ³ǡԨ
û£ֻҪ綾ʴҵǣҪ˼Ȭղһ۽˵ҲָܿҲ³ǣǰûг£˱Ϯڳ⣬ôưոݡ
ԨҲ֪СƢҲûȰ˵
гһӣȫ̫ʱ³ǵ棬ͺһɫصع
³ǣղҵүˣô£
ǰ³ǸؼףߵİˣɱԨüͷ磬ڳ⣬Ƿ˵Ȼ
ûаôһ˵Ȼ£һ׷鵽ףԨҪݼ򣬻ǻذ³ǰɡڳڣܶһ㣬
ͣһ£ٴ˵Ҳǳ˼
һ˵죬ҲСԨҪȻسǣ
ʱԨҡͷ

պ
Ԩˬ뿪ݼڱε
һöǬɹ⺮ڴ˹Уû쳣˳سɹˡ
Ϊеﶴڣʼ̲Ѫ
Ҳζţ伫ޣͻȻһء
һƬƬƽĴأйľȼյĽںۼڵУԨֱ֪ʡ
ͻȻ䣬üͷһ
ô緢
鷳ˡԨԥһ£˵
ãȵ
ʱһƬϡϡּ䣬ԨһˣΧҩڵİݷݷ
ˣؼףߣ͸ŨѪζ
ݷݷ룬һ֧֫һ˿ڣܣϵѪ
Ѫɫղǰȫһ
ֻһۣԨͶϺˣ֪ǰˣϮղģ㽫ղֻɫ޵񣬶ڳɱ
ݣԨ
ݷݷ䲻ͻȻһߺȣӣӻݼ򣬸߰³ǵԯұϮˣ
ӣԨȻһЦΪʲôҪӣҪӵģǲŶԡ



ڶʮ ѹ
һˣؼڣִꪣճìץų
ŵߣؼ׻Ȼһ壬ֻ¶Ѫɭ
ʮףԨͷ·ᵽɢŨѪζ
ϸȥܿؼϣа߲Ѫ
ꪣìͳ׳
УԨ˽⣬ʵʺʹá
ֻгսĴսĸʿŻϰıУսĳƣеͷš
˶ûսϵؼףΪڳأʵΪ׸ӰǵŲٶȡ
ֻǱİݷݷ΢ΪʵսٵĿ
ʩչĻ⣬ϵؼףֻȻ𻨣Ƶз
˻ӶıУų⣬š
һˣֳ䲻һ£в
Ѿ˼Ҽʸ㶾һԷǻ˲ʧȥս
ˣǰϮɱղֶ֣ںҩڵݣν׼
ԨӰݷݷٴκȵ
ٴУһˣ˵Ԩǲµ۹ģ۹ĺⲾ
һ˵ֳִꪵˣĵԳ졣
ƺ֣Ȼϵǵ
ⲾԨû
۹սǿľţ˾żǻͥǬ½е۹ľУⲾɫأ˵Ҳǰԣ˵Ⲿ죬ѳ۹
۹ڶߣȥ׷ɱλԡ
ⲾΪγڴˣ
ʱ⣬Ԩʹɫ
۹ĺⲾϡ٣Գάڰҡ
ɾͰ˵ĺⲾǬ½ĵ۹пֲ
˾ľųҲһ˵ֻ۹εΪ˲бѪȣ۹Ĺں͹⣬˵С޵ˡ
ͻȻѹķǳͻأûô¡
ҲΪǰӰ³뿪εڱĳǳأżȻ֪Ϣ
ΪɽҰޣЩӱ;ȥңԶ۹ҼⲾ£ϵļкߡ
۹ѹľš
Ԩ㶣ʹ²²νĺⲾѳ۹ǵ۹׷ɱʱӦƬ׾֮ء
վӣԹµ۹۹ߣӴܵѡ
۹ݼߣ֪ôңԶⲾΪδԽ֮󣬳ڴˣ
ȻףһղҩڵİݷݷҪ֮죿
ѵ
һλųìĺⲾʿн䣬дײ죬Ƶõ⣬ͻȻݷݷٶ
ڼϣȻѪڣ
λʿߣƱѪѪɫеĳì̧һ̣ŨѪΪһͷſڵľ
ѪΣ
ɫ΢䣬ߺһԨϽ˱ܡ
ˣΪսս飬ǸʵҪԨһء
̤ãѪĲ㣬һ׶û
ԨֻǻͥǸӲǵ֡
ĿЦȴڸߺ֮ʱӰһԨǰ׼ԵС
أ
ԨЦһȻ˳ȥ
֮죿
һ˲סֱԼ۾
δӦԨ鶯أױܿλʿĳìŲۣ˲˺ðͷ
Ȼ󣬱һȭλʿкġ
һֳ̫ؼ׵ĽʿƯԨȭͷŵĻâҫ۾һ
ɣ֮డĺ
Էľ磬һΪڣԨĻͥ߳һټϺⲾؼףǿޱȣԨĻȭЧ
ѵ
㣬Ԩһȭ˽ʿļУ⽦䡣
˱Ԩһȭǰײײģ
ͫһ䣬͵ػعͷһѪѪǻţҪٴιעгì
ͥԨһûƵзɻΪˬ
٣
Ԩֿ죬ȻһЦ
һ䣬һԨһαܹӶĳìҲȰ¶ͷ
һȭ£
ѣѵ
㣬ԨΧλⲾĽʿϵػȭ
ÿһȭ£ƳɽҵλųìĽʿŵˡ
˲תͷŷ򣬿ɾǲܺԨӴʼڱ
ûٿݷݷλⲾսעȫԨϣ֪ܿԨȫŸ٣λⲾʿմ
λ߳һأΪϧļУֳֵĳì쳣ء
սսܹؼ׺ͳìƷӡ
ûսƫƫδؼ׺ͳìûװ󣬵ƶٶȣȼ
Ԩٶȣűߣ
ϧ˰죬ҲδƿǼеķλʿеͷת⣬ûʵԵ˺
ұվŲΣ
ԨŪķˣλⲾĽʿɴԭͣųìԨ
ͥΪ㴷ƵҵĺⲼ𣿡䡣
鼶У㻹浱ͭǽˣԨЦٿȻٴһȭ
䣡
ܱߵȻ񱩻ңһŨɷƴѪ͵ӿ
Ǽ䣬Ԩ绯Զŵħ뢣ŵȭͷųһâҷŻɵλʿĺġ
ɷħɷħ
ǿĻ˴ӣ͡죬Ϣҡ
Сģ
ڹݷݷģ΢ΪĺⲾʿͻȻᵽԾѡ
ϧˡ
µȭƣҷĻһײλⲾʿļУͼȻͷųڹ
Լ䣬ɼ±İ߲Ѫγһͼơ
ͼƷŸ֣ͱǻɵײ֧顣
ͼǼ䣬Ԩ̲ȭͷڵɷħɽ㱬͸зй롣
λⲾʿĺģڼ֮£ѳ۲ɼڶ˿ڡ
һѪܺͽֱӱѿ
ƺһܿƵǰķ
ܿҧǿžʹѪȴǣסʣôֹס
Σһ飬һ
ԨЦЦҡͷ˵Ϊһ鼶ףܻȫһأƫƫʵЦ
һ䣬λĺⲾʿҲƲסȻء
ѪС顱ð
⡭
ǾȻؼ׵ĺⲾʬ壬е㱣ûзӦһĺⲾʿôˣ
ѵ
һλµĺⲾʿһԵؽףٶȵģ쳣صĺⲼףֱڵϡ
沿ߣҲһӵ
ȻһӢˬŮԽʿ



ڶʮ Ůʿ
Ůģ
Ԩ΢΢üɫȻЦ˵ͥ
ŮԽʿԭļУʽԲû
ҲΪýߴû³¼ףûȡǰŮ
Ԩһ£ӦλⲾУ͵һλ
Ҳֳִ㶾ȺشղͰݷݷ
ͥΪѾɱһͬ飬Ȼҳҽ£ӦöԼźǿġ
ҲˣԨʱϸ
ŮԺⲾʿ˸ɫװ˵ĵһӡһͷýĴƱͱըС
Ҳ£ץһںذףȻԨ˵ͷǻӦ
λȥĺⲾͬ飬ûж࿴һۣĮļ¡
̤
ǰһȻԨսǺⲾѳ۹Ҳµ۹ϽںΪ
Ȼüɫ֮䣬ǳŪ⡣
һߣʣλⲾʿΧݷݷ
УһؼԺΪλ΢ĺⲾʿȻ΢΢һ
·𣬶ǳġ
Ԩ
ѾмİݷݷԨעżæСŮģȱɱǸҪѲĶ࣡
ݷݷǳ˴ͷ
Ԩһۣ쵽촽ķϣ̬;ֹǳŲ˶ãͻᶾء
УӦһ֪Ѹٽӽ
³ǣԨָ̡
ԨȻ֣λⲾŮʿֿȻһЦǣ
ҲֻǻͥΪϸµľ磬ԨʱжϲŮʿĶζ
ԨΪῪڽʱȻˡ
ɳƵͳⲾκ
ݣ
䣬ضںذףֻ
һںڵâȻ䣬â֮վԨԱߵòһͷ­Ҫ뿪塣
ȻʧɫܵرÿУСģ

Ԩǻ½ѪⱻںڵâиѪ䡣
æ䣬ܿҪԨһأͷؿڣŻʹУУ조˻һں
һ㣬ںڵâиģͷ­
ԳκĺⲾŮʿһ֮󣬾Ȼ֣ԨʱҡҡںذףԨؿڿһۣҡͷ
·˵˶ѡ
ˣԨõһбУо綾
ۿԨһ棬ͱκﻮؿڣѪֹидİݷݷɾˣ˵Ӱɣҡ
κôһ˵ͷԨ
˵ӵ
һԨ侲һº˵κǰɣǰǸܶ࣬еıƷǲ͡һأںⲾĵλĳɾͣҪ𡣡
Ůʿеںذף켶ҾȻͨ
ͨ˸ƷףҪеķǸ߶ϣ
κֻǻͥԨĸоУеǰذףҪȱٶȺɱλǿһΡ
ߵͣǾսΨһء
л
κﲻ䲻ȵأֻӦһ䣬ٴλӵ
һںڵâĪĹ켣ͼ٣ɲһ֡
Ѿ׼ԨâδǰÿɻһʹںڵâʧͿֶһɼǵ˿ڡ
ڶںڵâǰٿ֣
Ԩɫһ۵˿ڣѪ졣
ǲǣǰҪ죿κϸһ
һ
Ԩֱۣһ˿ڣһС⣬ɡ
ȷʵöࡣ
ǻֱۣ˿ڶѪʹдʱɲֻô򵥡
Ȼ͸Ѫ
仰ںذεκͻ΢΢üĿɫЩأԨֱۿ
κе㲻⡣
ȥԨӦ۰նϣѪﰧ
ϲģһһжϵ˵֫ŵû˱۰ȣԼ֮֫䵹£زҽġ
ɵڶȥֻԨֱۣһǵ˿ڡ
ۼڶûЧӳʱּϣһ۰ܹնڵء
Ȼٴʧˡ
ʲôʱԼѱذףˣ
һ켶ƷУȫ£вһͬߵı۰
û㣬Ⲽװĺؼ̼УǰٷְٰѪ֮
һʱĥ͸κûлӳĵԨ۰˿ڣѪɫĸı䡣
һĵö͸
ң
ȻӶţһİ⣬𣬳κ˹
κһһ
꣡꣡
ٴλӶںذףǰȦ
һһģqqĹȦ֣ܳţն
ͻȻ䡣
һײأϸķâȻһֻ֣ڷɳ
ۣ
Ǽ䣬ͱâ͸ɶء
һλԨչˣòߣԨµأһ˿˿Ѫëϸ͸
ѪΪںɫȻѾж
μӺⲾ֮ǰ׶УԨλŮʿ˵ڼ½׶ֻǲɣڶ硣һ׶̵;Լˣ
κͫ䣬Σ



ڶʮ С
׶̣
صңγ鴤
½׶ߣ½˵ر
ΪͨĴߣƲ׶֮
ڣ׶̣ΪС
ڵķһܺӦϣܱ֮߿һЩ
׶̣ɼ桢ҩУЩ۸ڶǿУڲС
һ̤ԴѪһǵߣͲپν綾
ھԪ񾳣ܳѺأǺӴεĴڣӲܱơ
ˣЩ߶ѣ׶ѹֵһᡣ
ȻǬ½۹׶̵ĽͽأȴľëȻ
׶֮һʩھ粻ϣֲ
ڹս׶֮ɱֳ󣬸Ǿ춯ء
˵Уһλ׶̳ϣǰε۹Ѱһζҩһ˷ִ
λ׶̵ĳʵãδӳǡ
ºǳصз˺ߣһҹ֮䣬ж
ºţ۹ŭҲԴ½½ħԡ
ˣԴ½ͼ½ĸ
½ѵĬλ˶ֵ׶̳ϣ޴ӣܿ챻Ѻ˻ǣǵĳǳأҹ꣬հţŻȥ
Ƶģ׶̵Ľͽս¾ʿ¼಻
ҲʹãԴ½½ǿߣһµ׶̵ĽͽֻҪǬ½¶ݣͻ𶯡
Ʃ˿̣Ԩ˵κ׶ʱǳ
Ȼɫ
ۣ
ΧİݷݷһѪϢתֱ£Ȼ
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̼䣬׶ӵ֮อάϵ
翴κϰ׶֪ʱ䲻ˣæ䣬ȡһơ
ƣҩڵݣӨӨģת
Ҫӡһͷڴ˱ⲾΧԷնɱϢڲϣܹ
Ⲿλ΢ߣߵµͫâһ
صڴꪣһͷֲ͵ݷݷ
ˡ
ݷݷ̾һ÷ǳźûüŪЩսݡϼĪֵĺⲾˡ
ͻд̶Х˺㣬Ȼ
κкⲾĽʿĤʹĴ
Ԩ˳ǣײأٺһЦĵˡ
һ䵶Ĵ̹ͷ貵Ĺ⻡ɫ㣬ƿն
ͷ֮·ر翪һ׵Ĺ֡
׼ޱȵأһ䵶ĹͷںⲾλʿĴꪡ
ѪɵĺɫǽعͷһΪΪѪɢ

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΢ΪźغⲾĽʿŴꪵ֣ͻҲ
һɽһɵǧڰ㣬˹
׵µֻ֣˲ѣѪģ
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һֱۣ̫ƤͻȻѡ
ƺһֿ۹ƴһ˿˿ʴ֮ϣҪ벱˳ƳԺ
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꣡
ϱۺףһڵϡ
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ݣ
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ãȻأһĴ̹ͷȻһϤУƺʲôطһʱ벻
ף
ѪеؿǻЩëϸװ˿ڡ
м΢СĹ㣬Щ˿ڷɳ类Ĵ룬Ȼ˳ȥ
һƬ⣬ǳͷ
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λСԱʹ֣֪
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ˣһͷܻ׶̵Ĵ㶾֮
κȻĻңǲ֪ĹͷʹͷˣǿҵļɵͲ
ģذףɸĵһĶ
ûƣս½԰ݷݷʲôơ
Ⲿ˲
ʱԨ̾˵˹ϣնһ첲ⶾԿǣºǾ塣
ʱ۰ѲѪ
κ˿ڣĶҲϢ䣬μ䡣
κﾳ粻׶ѧʱӦòʩڱϵĶأԨԼϣɷħĥ͸ĥˡ
ԨɷħղⶾΪԼⶾǺ׵ġ
ٿ۰˿ڣѪֹסѪάŴǧ糤໥Ťᡣ
˿ڣķʽȥ
Ⲿûиǿһнƿ֮УȻ㵭ˡ
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һоأӸ첲򲱾Ժû̫ɣֱѡϱۡ
ⲾĽʿˣ˾Ȼֲ
˾а˵Ǭ۹ǰУȷʵʵ飬Сӡ
˭ڰ
κǿԼĴţҪǱҵ
ʱԨ׼š
ǺⲾΪʲôҪӴأǰ³ǣԨȷʣֻκ˵֮⣬ɻбĺⲾСӣ
Ⲿа˳ԱκӦֻһ֧
ļ֧Ҳݼڰ³ǵĸǼ
κһ֧չֵⲾֻҪһԽضͻ³ǹв
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㲻֪κ
ûԨעʼܱߣ
ⰵеˡ
׽㣬ϣţȥɱⲾλκｻҰɡԨԸһ䣬ĸɱˣһκУʳҪϢ
㣿κü
ԨЦЦҡ
ɷħȻתΪģһʱֳ
׶̣νĶأУκβҡԨܴݣ㿳ΣҲֻƤ˶ѣôʤң



ڶʮ 
ɷħǿƣֽǶ㲻ϡ档
ص½أֻǶϿĻɷħĴ
Ϊͷ컯ϣûغͳرڣѪǵķ龳ʱųϵĸֽǡ
׻ͥµСضʵսо
֣κǰѴ㶾ذףѪĶأܹͨɷħĥǿġ
ϱ۵ĺⲾʿžʹ΢ʶչ
ʶɴڰе롣
Ǽ䣬εѡ
ʶһ룬͸ӦƺƵѪ󺣡
ѪϢʶܡ
룬֪һعͷԶһ첲Ǳߣһ֧Сܿġ
ʱУκ
ԨϣԴǴĵκ
׼ˣϾ˵
Ԩһκս꣬һ֪Ծ
һʤûУԲġ
κ˵ͷʾᣬһ뿪
׼
ֿһۣûȥܰݷݷԨԸȻҪ롣
´ͬǺⲾһλʿҪ죬ȴܳ
ǸҲźⲼ׵ĽʿΪ¼ף·ţȻųҫâ
һֹУϴ
Ǻص¼ףһӶݣķӶصӯͼ
Ӷٶ졣
꣡
һɭ׵ĹǴ̣˺ѳյ磬ƥ˲佫ķζ
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һʹûѸλⲾʿͱɱ
䣬Ŵ㳷λ΢ʿ˪Ӱ㣬һˡ
κҲס
ҲڴʱԨȻһЦȫ֡

ģɷħӿģһشػұѵȻκ
κֻܱȻӶذס
ںڵâƣǰİղҫ
ЩԨֻɷħǿ۳ŵġɷƣɴɢݳġɷȴŸฺϢؽӽκ
κֻ龳δԨǰ㣬羳СۼͻԾ꣬Ӷӵޱĸ֪Ͷ
ӡɷġɷûʱ޴Ӳ
ЩɷԨⴥͻȻʱκ֪
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ҪЩѪҪָࡣ
׶̵Ҵ඼֪ѧһЩ׶̵ķЧˡ
ܡɷʴӶʧκԨ̧ȭ
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Ԩֿ죬ҡҡͷ˵ͬΪ龳ѪĶ죬̫ϡѰˣһ
׶̵ĽͽעѪǵĴ򰾣ǽѸƾ
Դ½ܶţҲȡƵķʽֻȻ׷Ԫ
ģڡԪڡڣߴڵߣÿһ磬ȴ
һ˵ÿһ͸ʵпִܵ˰Ԫռ
׶̣Ȼš
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쳣Įôһ仰κӶںذס
Ԩرɫ𣡡
κһѲˣֱԨشȻûһԥֱӾҪԾ
Ȼ֪Ǳصģλ΢ʿ־˶߳һء
ڣûнҿܣɴ͹Ծ

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ںذ׾ʹأκֻ֣ôڲ·
ЩãȻأһǴ̣ڷɱδһݣҪҧԾ
ⲾһȺˡ
ԨһҲеûˣȥˡ
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ˣ
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˿żᣬԨһۣ͸оǷǳۣǳγԶţǬ½ӵܡ
ԨȥĺⲾսʿɱģ
μһĴС֣ŵصʬ壬жϱ۵λⲾĽʿ棬һ֧Ⲿʿһ㶼׷ôãҲûܻ׽ǿ԰
ڵɣݼǰ쳣ԨҲû˿⡣
һ̣ɶɫأƺԨĿ࿴ˣôģа档
һоˣ󣬶ϱ۵ĺⲾʿҲգдҲã¶̹ǳޡ
Ⲿμˣ·Ųޣ͸ĺ⣬ԨǺ޲ȥμɸˡ
ⲾͺڡɣʲôϵԨɻء
ҩڵİݷݷλǣݷݷȻ˵
ҩڣμ°ͣ˵ͷº͵˵û°ɣЩⲾû˵ɣ
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ݷݷͻȻˣлģû¡
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лҵġԨҲЦݡ



ڶʮ ɱӺ
μЦһ
κκ
λ΢սĶأԶһ۵ĽʿȻߺȡ
ߺȻͬѰ
һʶĺκ
Ԩܷǳ׼ȷĿʶΪ˻κκﲻʡ
ԨüƲκﱳ󣬽֫һ£æ
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ڵɣλʿߺʱһˣ
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ʯҫҫͼܲ
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¶ڼĺⲾʿһԣͨ졣
۵ɫ磬߳һ㣬ϣѸս
λʿڰУήȥ
أأ
Ԩ󣬿Ųŵκٿһһۿģλ龳ǿߣŰɱĻ档
ȣԨɱλͬκûôĮ
ɺɱˣϵһ㣬ǼкͱϧԨ֮ʲôˡ
ⲾŹǣ
дؼ׵Ľʿһ̣ԵأɺμģЩŵȥ
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ǼϣڣܹЩ۵Ůɱһˡ
ֻǣûʲôλڡڵĵӣԴ½ֳУͻ
ⲾںͺڵʽӣȻҪӲƴ֡
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μƾʧܣºҹʴ˺
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㲻ΪκгޣͲף˰ɣ
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ԨôҺּۻۣ
µˣҪǲӦÿۣԨ
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һ·;ڱأҲ½һЩµ۹۹
ӣսʯ
ⷽأϽ˭ܲˣ£ֻԼϲã̫࿼ǡ
ڣǱ𣿡ԨΪ죬ѵ˵ҲѪ̣ǰ㣬ֻҪ˿ܺɱˣ
仰һڵЩˣɫЩΣ
μ㣬̹Ȼ̤֮·𣬱㴦գīسɹ棬
ҩڻءԨָݷݷ
μ޾⣬Ҫڽ΢΢ü
ҲأλҪҵ棬Ұ³ǵɱ𣿡
ԯĽʱͼһȼյƶХ



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ԯն
ȼյĻͷž˵ĸ£С̫㻷
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µ۹кͳħĬ֮ʹԯãҲʮ㣬ںͺڵˣη塣
ԯ
μüԺɫ粻ľһ£ָЩⲾʬף˵Щ۹ѹߣܵ³Ǹְǽ鷳лң
ЩǬ½ģŮԯ档
һԨе̾ϧ
ڰɡμЩڡڵͣһ¡
ԭҲǴһԣ
ԯһҪϢأɡμնɱѾʵ
츳̫籩¶ע⡣
ֻϢġ
ⲾϮµ۹ˣǶ׷ȥԯƯԨԣȻ£˿ţŲŵκǺⲾĽʿ
Ԩͷ
λκĺⲾʿڱصãμһͻȻԨ˵㿪۰ɡ
ԯûʱǴǿȡᣬκֱӴ롣
Ԩţ˳ƳԾ󻼡
ԯˣ֪ҪǺµ۹ħڽԹ¶Լ
һ£õòʧͻһַʽ
³ǣղҵղӣɱԯⲾλڰ³ǳ֣ҲҪŪԨκĺⲾŮʿܷ񽻸ҴãҴذ³ǣ
Ԩ㶣ѩͷ˵ġ
μˣԯôһ˵鶼Ϊá
Ǻãǻذ³ǡԯϡ
Ҳá
Ԩ£˫ڱκһѿڼϣʾһ£˵ǻȥ
ⲻȥμ˹
ҩڵİݷݷһ£Ԩ˹Ҳȥݼңݷһүү
ǾһɡԨͷ
˵ţκߡ
Ͱݷݷ֮ಽظ棬Ψԯһôƽμ
ɣںͺڵλӣҲμ
ƺֻҪμһ仰ͲԯݵλΧԨ˻ɱκߡ
μɫ䣬һԲ
ûôԯ
ԯΪ
ʹ˱
һӣԨȫʧˣԯŶμչһЦԦȼյĻҲԶȥ
Ҳ뿪ˣɷüͷ˵Ϊʲô֣
μ
λӢΰŵӣֱһ³ǵСǺͳħеϵкξ壿ϵʵ֮£ѵʤ
ʦõδ򣬻ʲôҩڵģǶȫס
ףԹƵμôš
첲𣿡
μָָλⲾ΢ʿԼնϵı۰
ɵô
ǰһֱۣκǺⲾǴ㳷ġμȻó侲ԨҩڣǷˣƾʲôһ֧ⲾˣⲾˣκֻһܡ
һʤĿܣǲŻ²ߣ
ʵһֱھţðлбˡҼŭԨ뿴˭ܷ
ľȻԯ
Ҳã༸ӵҲգĪ²͸뷨
ԯ
μһλһͷķζĺⲾʿ˵ڰУƵúⲾҪӣκԾģǰ³ǵĳˣ
仰һ˵ɲŶʱ򣬡ˣ
ţ϶һˣμ˵ͷˣͺⲾϺţһ֡ԯĹʽǺⲾߵƽȻͬ˵˻ڰ
ңʵʼհ⣬Ȼ첻ԷĴںۼԯӽʱȴ˲裬һ֪ǰ³ǵĳ
λڵӢΰ꣬ҲˣˣԯҪ£ң֪϶ǵѣ
μ
˽ͣЩڡڵߣһ˼Ȼȥ̽Ⲿʿƣȥӡ֤жϡ
ܿ죬˾͵óۡμĲ²
նɱλⲾʿǿߣʹõĹʽһ˿֮ԯûʲôϵ
ˣ
κﱻԯˣô죿ͻȻʡ
ԯҪǻҪ³һǹôμһԽƬصģֲκһ֧ҪκԾȻеŲֽš
ԯܵϢݳȥⲾ֪ɲ¡
Ű³ǵķμжǱ䣬ⲾȺ׼ķ蹷ײϣʲôܲˡ֪κﱻ³ǵĳܣЩĺⲾʿݣ
۹Ƕ£οµ۹İ³ǣ
μĻ˵
ɫһ䣬ⲾҪǴ³ǣֲԯĳݡ
μµ۹ͳħڣȻǣǻ취ⲾǺĿһˣ
㿼ǵȫڵλˣóϷ˵ϵ

κһδԨͷ˸
ԥ
뻹ڰ΢ϵͷųܹӦ
룬ǲӦָʹ룬Ϣɡμһˡ
ڣμ˵ľ룬̫ڽӽ
һ붯֣Ǳ߱âĶкܴܾԯԯȥ
룬ԯ֪̫顣
ĬĬţжž룬밵и档
Ȼ䣬޵Ļ֮ߣǱγɡ
һߣƽ츳ܣɺμĽ̸صģΨԨܸ֪ɣŸ֪
ԨֹȥӦŴһ㣬Ҫ¶˼
Լ˼ʵûôӣԨ֪ܺ
ģ˵Ľ̸ԴǣķʽתԨڵ˵ҪӶˣԨҲеѡ
Ǵˡ
κܴذ³ǡ
ԯ쿴Ϊʲôͣʱٴο˵ŮںⲾ⣬ںǱ֪Ⲿд߲٣ƺλųҲšҪǽذ³ǣⲾ֪ˣ»³Ǵ֮֡
һԯһ˼
κԨҪô죿



ڶʮ 
ҩڵİݷݷؿˣɻ
ԯΪ³ǵһ֮µ۹ͷԶڱ̷ɽš
ϻۣ¹ңޣݶ
˵ǣǰ̵ĺһʼͽ³Ŀİݷݷԯ֮̽ġ
ԯӺڡڵУһ˴룬Ҳݷݷӡ̡
ãԯʢʵ顣
ĽĽԯԸеΣ˵ƣǷս
˰µ۹עĿŮӣ֪ٳ۹µ۹ȨﴹΣԾԾԡ
ôôǣôأѯԨҪô죿
Ԩεºܣ
ݷݷ벻ףֻǸоѹ쳣ݼңԯĵλݲԵȣοݼҵһСү
ͥѣҲһ㣬ԯʵе졣
ֲ֡
Ѫ̲áѪͼı³ǣԨԨԯ֮ĹϵͲԳ
ͶԻ͸صԨźܶ²⡭
Ȼ֪ԯӦһ㣬ͿԨĲûнԨΪСԸ߸ϵ̬ദ
һȫȴκУŪȻ
żϵĺⲾŮʿûô򵥣ȻμɲҪڣǧ׷³ǡ
Ⲿжˣ·ֲںδΪγڰ³ǸҪ֪УںҪģǻŵ
ԯͷ磬˵ʱذ³ǣѰһȫط˵
áԨ
֮ϵʼδϡ
ûż룬´µּ⣬ֻĬĬڡڵЩˣ֪ǵȷλãǺʲô˽Ӵ
ܾãⲾͺڡڣݼ򸽽û顣
ûŪ״ǰ
ӱ̷ɽ뿪ݼ򱱷Ƭأ뺣ʵʵսڱ̷ɽҪǿһء
һоŸںڵ٣Ҫɱ֣̫ѡ
һûﹻɱģ
ԣż
һʱԯȺָͣһݼ򣬻кܳһξ£˵ҵʶ͸֪ںͺڵЩˡͬģҾ൱ߣӦҲʧȥǵټ
ԨͷʶȤؽκ£˵һֱҧԾ
°ɣѾӣҪҲûôסԯ΢΢һЦ˵Цݣȴӯ˵Ķ⣬һָͷκĺ˵ɡ
һ޵΢âϢأκ͸
΢âκͣ£·ֻҪκһȻκҧԾܡ
Ԩ򵥴ֱأһƳκա
³ݷݷü
նһҲǱüʱͷ­ʹӲˡԨȻʧЦ׽㣬ֻǳһͶѣѵ֣ѾˡΪˣѾʴˣ
׽㡭
ԯһۣô˭ǽѽСӣ㲻˵ֻһ𣿡λ³ǵĳˣû
ԨȻЦҡҡͷŮĪ
ݷݷô˵һ䣬κǰֶΣоԨҲ֮ԯôһ˵е㲻˼
Ҫڻһ£³ǵĳˣЦ׽ǰɣҩ͸۹и֮ľסأҾð׽㲻ʺ֪̫飬Ҫ鷳
ԯǸˡ
ݷݷȻΪҪô˵һ֧ⲾɱңҪ֪ԭɣ
Ҵԭ򡣡ԯЦЦݺĮָ˵̬ȣԵĲˡ
Ⲿݷݷ˵
ѹĺⲾڰ³ǣһ֮Ұ³ǵ񣡡ԯͷˣ㣬Ҫǰ³ǵ񣡡
ݷݷһ䣬ٶ˵ʲôվˡ
ԶˣԯȻһЦԨĵգգۣ˵ҪϽ㣬ôһ㣬ѵ𣿡
ǱʰɣҺͰС˵һ䡣ɿһȻ첽ȥŰݷݷ
ʶడԯ΢Ц˵
κ
֪ŲŵؽлҵĮȻԨԯ
ϣûо£ûһ˿
ɡ
ԨһѳеĲţûкԯȥΪνݷݷ֮£ֱκ˵ֻʣˣ㡭
뿪һκоͷܶȥҧ
һʹȻϮеɲʧȥ
Ȼ;ȵĻƽסͷʹͷƺģʹˡ
ԯһЦһ£κغ
˿ķâķؿڴܵغʹͷַܵ
亹Խͷա
òͨ˿ھʹ֮£ģʹͨͨ˺ܶۻ
ԯᡰסһϵۻõ¶һųҰϢ
µȻԯǰòȴҲƵеĮᣬһζԵòôͨ
ֱɵݼաԯЦһ䣬ʵòҲôƯαطǸ˼ȥݣ
ҪڵģòݡԨڣӦϳ
룬ںͺҪ֪˭ԯģԨָӡİֵضԨ˵ûûصģ㿴ˣ
Ԩκ˭
κͷ죬Բ
ոֹͣԯٴη΢âκڻţøոͣκһΰХ
ɥʧԯֺҧԾûˡ
ǲԯڣôա
Ǹ鷳ļһԯԵЩͷɺңû񣬲Ȼϣֱӽʶѻ֮ļ˸ץ浽ײʲô
ûô򵥵ġԨ˵񾳵ߣҲҪַпܽѻꡣѻߣ־ᶨǿ󣬳ɹĿԺܵ͡ﵽξԵ͵Ⱦ֣ɹܲŴЩ
Ҳ˵˵ԯ
һҳԵĺⲾӦйⷽѵԨԥһ£˵԰ɡ
㡣ԯһĿԴı顣
ȥ𴦡Ԩ
ΪʲôԯԺܱĵ񣬵һۣ֧ңҪʲôСӣ㲻ῴʵӣеıҪɣ
߲ߣԨƽ
˺ü룬࣬ԯ˵ЦѣȤļһ߾ˡ
գƮȻȥϢ
κǰɣⲾΪѹģԨͻȻ
Ծûκôһ˵նãȻֽۼ˹âһλع



ڶʮ һ
ԺⲾԨ˽⡣
ʵϣ𣬽ͺⲾͷû
۹µ۹ңԶ۹ʶ֮ͣǰ
ǰ۹ĵڵģûʲôⲾ
μκκƫƫڱݣ˵бȻԵɡ
ݵκҲԯǰֻһҰаˣһЩȺ
ûбҪƫƫҪô˵κݣӦú
ⲾĽʿ罫ѡĽʿҲöضȺر
ţԨֵʵ㲻ĺⲾʿɣ
κȻãһЩôն
׶̵Ľ壬ֺ֣һǶǵĸоԨţںذȡ£ֿףţͼҳĶõжϡ
κ䣬ܴ࣬Ѱҡ
ڼ䣬κɫĮƽ
ʱԨƤڲزһ
һơ
Ƴأ΢һöҩÿһöҩ˿ߣ˿硣
ЩҩӤ㣬һֻ֣ʶС
л꣬ǵ꣡
ö꣬Ʒҩʦݣ񼶵ҩ
һλƷҩʦ
һ½ҩʦĴڣԪ񾳵ߣѿ
ڴ˵УΨм½ҩڣųҩʦפ
ɾҩڣҲÿһεܳΪƷҩʦ
ʵϣҩڵĺܶƷҩʦܴﵽƷģҩڶǷǳġ
ҩڣػܵҩʦָ
ף
һԨúϤ־ú𾪡
תƣֿһ档
һ棬ֻһӵġ桱֡
ԨȻһ˫ŵĹâɡ
Ƶ֣ڼ߬
ľʹޱȣȻӦ
ںڣȻ⣬һö裬һġ桱֣͸¶ϢԨ뷴ƽ
ô᣿źǾ÷˼ƿҪֱǲǴ
ʶãκ˵ôһ䡣
Ԩֳļ𺳣ôΣβ˵ġ
ƣӺε
ԺԨƽѯʡ
޹ءκһͷʲôûգ񣬡Ϊװ𾪣ҵĻ
Ԩ£
Լ𾪣ȻΪװģ
֪ݷݷҩڣҩڵҩʦԨٴһƣҪûԴڼ½ҩڰɣֻҩǱߣƣϵĵ꣬ƵˣΪƷҩʦ
ѵǣҩڵֳֵ
ôʡ
ҩڵӳ೾˽֪κĮȻһ£⣬½ĴҲ֪ӳ೾ҩһϵ츳ϵ츳һڣӳ೾ҲֻһƷҩʦȴר֮ھĸ߶ȡ
һԨ
ת״˵ʦ֣֪ʦֽľ磬ҩϵȼ
ʦ˵ʦֲҩĺӣרעС
ȥˣʦҩһϣֹǰ
ϣȻѵִھ
ڣԪ񾳣
أִܵھǿߣÿһ½أǺӵħ֪֮顣
ҩڵʷϣûһλܹϴﵽ˸߶ȣ
ʦ˵Ȼ̤ҩһ;ҪרעڴˣܷĽྫϣѵִҩ߷塣
ԼһޣרעҩʦΪʱ
ʦ֮ûܵǶΪҪˣΪ̫˳ʦжΪ֮š
һμ䣬ȥû뵽ʦϵ츳˿ֲ
ھ
Ԩѧκ㣬Խţʲôûգѹ
ϵĵ꣬һöƷҩʦκһεҩӵƣ
Ԩӻƴ򿪻ϻӵκ˵ƣӺζ
κٴ
Ҳ²ΣԨһ£˵Ƹˣǲкܶ˵İ̺ۣϣǰ󱳣кܶİ̺ۣǲУָ֣ͷ
κ۾Ȼң͵㣬㣬㡭
ô֪Ķ𣿡Ԩжϣ˼룬˵ˣ
Ȼţκ
ʲôϵԨʡ
κţĬΣ޿ɷ棡
Ԩ˵ͷʣͺⲾйأ
Σκͷˡ
ǺⲾ³ǣѳ۹㣬ûйϵԨʡ
ôʶƣκﲻٻش𣬶俴ҩڵİݷݷʶǰҩڵȥ̷ɽҩڽеҩʦʢᡣҩڵˣ˵ʲôҪҩ
һ˵κԻָ˵Ҫٴҧࡣ

ۿԨٴδ
ǿƣǱС
κԨɫأԥһӣҵݷݷ׽㣬ô³ǣݼ򱱲
һûһĵİݷݷһ£˵ڱ̷ɽʧˣҺ㸸оɣݼүү˵һ£û뵽㾹Ȼعˡ⣬ݼıѰ
ҩ´𣿡Ԩɫһ
ڻɣҩڵʯǲҩڵָʹ֪Ⲿκʲô£̽
˰ݷݷ᲻ỹҩڵıˣ
ɻǸƵĳ֣Ԩͷɲ롣
ʳʲô𣿡
ԯƮȻ°ȻǸⲾѾͷʲôͷ
ݷݷ棬û뵽κģȻԨ
еüĿˣϸ϶˵һҪһ룬Ԩ˵㣬κܲ򵥣ҪšҪ밵³ǣⲾ֪ˣ»ð³Σ
ԯҿŮʱ
Ⲿ֣ǰŮ˵һ£Ҫ۹ǿԮٺ۹ͨӦúⲾԲ˶ߡ
ҪԨҡҡͷԥһ£˵κܷʱҴáģʳһ֪㡣
һǰѪ̰вã³ʱҲԨʾġ
ԯ½أԨأӦõģ㴦õȻû⣬ֻǵĺںǱߣưոݡ
ʱȲݼ򡣡Ԩţ˵ԴѶȥһڣ˵һⲾŮʿٳûлȥֻҪúⲾĲд֪κУҲڰ³Ǽɡ
ԯ㲻ںͺҵ㣿
¡Ԩ
ԯãڶΣͷӦ



ڶʮ 
ݼ򱱷ﴦ
֦Ҷïּܵ䣬̫⣬ֻϡϡҫ
ȣԨκﶪһԣտԼרעС
ԯΪ³ǵĳ֪ܱкⲾĲдֵǺڡʹǰ뿪سǲá
ǰһѶͲԨվͽա
˵ˣֻҪа³ǵһʱϹȥ
Ҳܣͨ³ǵѸٵõϢ
Ԩ밵жμһˣӦûʲô⣬ǴѶͲʵûзϡ
ǰ
ݷݷһߣ͸𿴻κݼǲǺϤ
Ӿȿһκκбһ˫ֱţŲţʱ
԰ݷݷ΢΢һЦڶԷҩڵҩʦݣݼһӣҲ߶ϤɡС㣬
ݼ򱱷ûв̽ݷݷʡ
һ£˵ͷһݼǰ߶
ע⵽һЩΪֲҩݣݷݷ
ҡͷûС
ݷݷˣжϺ÷һָǱߣʮƬһĵǰ𣿡
Կ϶𸴣Ȼʣô
ϣʲô
ʲôûϸţش𣺡ǰ;ǱߣʲôûпĵĵϣҲǹͺͺġ
ǰûС
ݷݷֹţȻʣݼ򸽽³ڣûʲôҩʦߣûжֲҩݵˣ
֪ԯҡԼҶûаļҩʦڶֲҩݵģֻݼˡɻ󣬡ݼĿǰľӦҲ֪һܶҩԣˣݼҵĺܶҲЩĻˡ
ݷݷ˵ͷٶ˵
ʱ;УͨҩڽõһЩݼҴ
ռڲҲкܶ˺ҩڳڱŽϵµ۹ҡΪ׵ۺƷ壬ݼҵĺֶܶΣ˵ˡ
ҩҪ޷ֲ֣ܳڰڷţܿͻ
ݼҲͨЩҩݣռļ廻ȡʯȻͻиҩֲ¹
ݼңƬֲ滨ݵģֻ˭
ݷݷͼѰҳ

һ龧ӨʯѸɻҺɫѡ
һصʯ飬ԨɳʱǱϲӡ
ϲǣ츳ȻǷȻ̤ͥԺҹޣȻûܹӯͥСء
ǣζĽȻٻеʯȫľ
룬վֱݷݷ
ǱߣͷκһʱȻĮ͸ŨŨķ
ûһƴСӨ͸龧Ԩֶڰݷݷš
ǡһ̫ҫǿ龧
չâ£龧ʣڲ·Ѥùâ֯ҫ۾ˣֻǿ龧˵Ĺ졣
龧
ߣȻһ𣬿ǿ龧壬ĿϾӡ
κҲе졣
龧ڵĻͥΪѡԨŰݷݷеҩʦǲƴ֣طḻ׽㣬龧㻻ȡһЩʯҲС
ͬȴС龧ܶһͬȴСʮ飬ͬȴСʯٿ顣
Ϊһ龧̺Ǳͬʮʯİٱ
龧ϡٺԸߵȽ׵˵龧Ǳ֮⣬Դʱ򣬶һʱ򣬱ܸһЩ
Ʃ磬ʮһ񣬻ȡһ龧һٶʯһһ龧

Դ½ͼ½ǿרŵĸ¥רŵĶһ
Ǭ½Ҳ٣ʯ㺱龧١
½һ龧ʵܶһʯ
ͥΪ龧ȷʵ˷ˣҪʯݷݷ
áԨЦ˵
ݷݷһ£ȷ𣿡
š
Ǻáݷݷ£ĲڣȡһжŴСһʮݸɣ
Сȣʮصж龧൱
лˡԨЦЦ࣬ŲĲ˵Ӧװٶ
ݷݷʶأǸؿ
ԱߵκĲ¶ĽĿ⡣
֮һݷݷΪݷݷҩڵݣΪǸ
ϵã쳣Ĵ
һԨ˵ٿݷݷôţҲ۾һ
ΪֻͨĲû뵽ȻǴ
С㻹ǲƴ֡пһ䣬˵Ҳ̫ˣ㾳Եͣ챦Ҳ֪زغá
һ˿ġݷݷ͡
ںСռֻͼģʢŵĶޣǬ½Ȼϡֵǡ
ȴ߼ڲռɸණڼ½Դ½Ǵ
ģǬ䣬Ǵߵı䣬Ҳݵλ
ݷݷֻ΢Ϊʵӵһ˵ҩʵݣӦ÷ǳ¡
ǾڻĽҰģʲôˣνԨȻһЦָָκҺ˵㱻ɱˣǸҲйϵ
ֵǮĶɱ⡣ݷݷʶ˵Ҫãҿ԰ҵġ
СԨ˵
һţκ˵ϣ׽㣬ͷȥ𴦣л
ͰݷݷʶȤԶ롣
ԶˣԨԥһ£еĲ£ô
ûԯƣűȡʵѻָһЩκֻҪһ㣬ܹԾġ
ûô
ԴԨϳ˵˵Щʱ䶼˼Ԩƾʲô֪ʲôӡ
Ϊôһò𰸣ԥˡ
ôˣԨ䲻ȵʡ
֪׳ôһ˵ĻֻҪκʱ䣬Ůӣһż
׼㣬Ÿԯȥ󣬲ãֱӺκԻ
Ҳţ侲˼ǵκкܶɻкܶҪʡ
ˣ׶̣ͻȻʵ
ڣͱ׶ˡκĵ
ԣԨһΪ
̷ˣѲҩڵǰͻˡκͷ͵ûˣ׶ôӦֻı·ӳ೾ִҩԺڼ½ﻹг·أ



ڶʮ 
ĺ룬ǶһСС죬սȻ
һزɫڰƮ
ţҹ١
μΪ׵ģһкڡڵˣ֪⣬ģƫƫѰٵˡ
ϴμĴǺСȻһ
ɴ룬ʱӦЩǿսݣ
ǿսݣʲôμȻЦ˵ԣȻƬأеĿսݡ
λĺڡڵӣսݡԺߴߴ̸
һεأŻںĵһҩݣļЩҩݵļֵժֳܱɶʯ
ƾô£
Űգ˵ʶ̽ȴ쳣ֻǣƯһ·ѰǲƵ֪ʲô
֮أμ̹Ȼʲôȸ棬״˵㿴⾪ϲ𣿿սݣʱûг죬ɴΪϡǬ½κε۹ܻһ񡣡
ɵ˵ͷ
Ȼ䣬һزɫĵƮ䡣
£ɢѸûӰ

̤̤
ޱһĴضڲ
μ΢΢ɫȵʲô
ǺⲾɺȻ

һͷͷؼףߴ񿥵ޣڹľԿ񱼡
޻ףͷ­ǣͫʰɫ
Ϊޣ۹ĺⲾ֮Ϊޡ
ڴ˵У۹Ļȼ֮䡣
Ⲿ˵ޣܵģ۹Ǵġ񡱣ǩ˹ϵԼŵӵнͷޡ
ʮͷϣһλǿĺⲾʿŴꪡìս
ǿеĺޣᵽһŨѪζȻ񣬱㷢񱼡
ʱ
ʮͷޣЩⲾĽʿƿľԣҲϱߡ
Ȼһ۾Ϳȵڡڵľˡ
ۺ졣
ͷĺⲾʿ߽ףһͷ׳ܣɢıϢμɣĵ׷
ˣֿ죬ЦɳѪȻ˵ɡ
μڿһ̣ǿЦæͣûκֻ˵κﱻ³ǵĳܣѴذ³ǡ
⻰һΪ׵λΰʿٺЦҲյϢκﲢûбذ³ǡ֪һ֧СӣС
ɫޱ䡣
ʹ˸ɱ
׳ޱȵĺⲾʿеĳìָμ
һ˳ìȻһɺϪӡ
ǵѪΣǻļڷɳһεϪӣϪ˲ڡ
ÿһѪΣϪڣſŻǳ
ս˲ȼ

³ǵĳۡ
շزã洫ѶϢĴõԯòŪһУŴϢһ£衣
һʯĵãȻðһƮƮӡ
ԯڿһʧС
һ΢΢ʦˡ
ܲԕFЦºͣ˵ҫң
ԯ̹Ȼ˵ǰȥʱ˵ǼʦˣԸ
һ£ֲ䣬Ůʱº֮䣬Ҫġ
ܺáܲԕFͷʾ⣬֣ڵεţݼСӿǻˣ
ԯԥһ£˵ջزá
ʲôܲԕFʡ
ʱûʲôرģֻҪıݼ״ԯ̹Ȼʦˣôר
ܲԕFûлشһʯӣκ﾿˭У
ԯȻһʦˣôκȤ
ҺͺⲾľųоɡܲԕF΢Цţ˵ܶǰҺһȥ󣬼λ񡯡ҲһΣ۹ӻڣؽͷޣӶ˺Ⲿ
ԯʧɫ˵λĻһͷɣ
ܲԕF˵ͷһͷǺĺܶȣ󡣺Ⲿľų֪ҽںµ۹УѶңϣҴΪտһκ
κԨУʱӦûµġԯʵ
ôʲô飬СйϵܲԕFȻ½أ̷ɽȣһǻʲôطʲôطͻ¡֪ãù
ԯĬ
ÿҺλȻˣⲾ㲻ڰ³ǸܲԕFת˵ݼ򱱲гˣߣڶҪȥǲҪǷ鷳
ΪΣԯ
Щʱ֪ˡôһ仰ܲԕFƮȻȥ
ԯã֪ô¡

Ԩκˣϥ̸˵˺ܶܶࡣ
ͨκ֪Ƶˣ׶йһӡ
ӳ೾ٵҩڵӳ೾ѹ׶̺͹ϵеţ׶Ϊ˱鷳ͽ
·ȥǬ½ѡ۹ĻǱ
̸ûнʱݷݷҴҶŵ˵ԨϢ
ϢԨһ
Ϣ߿ӦݷݷУһö裬˵ңöϢӦǳС
ԨһۣüͷĻ
öɫͨĶģӰĵ裬ɫ΢΢һ䣬˵ߣӦڸ
һԨ˵Լģ
Ԩ˵ͷ



ڶʮ ˪
ԼҺͨѾһǰˡ
ܽɹ½عһɳǱӦþ֪Լҽͷܽڵ꣬ˡ
ͷز۵ʵҲ¶ˡ
Ȼ֪ϢŻԼңԼţǸġ
ֻǣʱͬա
ߣ²֪Լڵ״ԨǣЩߣԼ֣ײͷѪ
ԶȻû˵һԨ;ת޴
ܽԺ󣬾ûԨҲ²⡣
ûĻԼӦʸϸǿɽˡ
ܿܣܽĸ
ǳӲô³ǵԼҺйڣҩڵİݷݷеĵ裬˵;᲻֦
Ԩκ
вű£ֻκɫĮȻⲾûʲôǳڴˣ޹ء
ǾͺáԨ˵ͷ
Ҳڴ˿̡
е΢𣬽ϵȻ֪Զںĵǳս
ս
ֻ֪뷢һ֧ǿĺⲾȻ󽫺ⲾĽʿͺڡһоŪһ
һҵսҲˡ
ȥĺⲾʿش˺ڡڵߣ߸ߣ˲
μȫشֱһŵӣǱӴܡ
ⲾУһ쳣ߴֳֳì˭
κԨͻȻٴοκںⲾУʲôݵλʵʾΪںβΣ
봫ѶϢɲ꣬û˵ر
κһԿħ񣬶㲻˵˽ǺⲾô֪
ҺͰ³ǵĳжصĴѶԨſڿӣ³ǵõϢ˵һ֧Ⲿʿʹ˺ںǾˡӦú⣬Сɺμ˶شĿǰӡ
ԣκһ⡣
ǽ䣬ݷݷеĵ裬
ߣӽˡݷݷЩ˵ĽҰ룬Щһ£ʡҲ֪ǲǸ֪ǡ
ԼңХǱ߷ѶϢԨӡ󲻼ѡ
һٴ򽻵żȻˣҲûʲôɫ
֪ࡣ
ǱԼҶ֪ҵݣе鷳Ԩһü˵½ʱҺԼСùϵԼҺݼңҲƼҵİ䣬ѸٴһƬ֪һ㣬ҺԼҵ顣
ǣݷݷ
ۣԨû𻰣óԯͲҪҪѶϢ
̫ԶϹ޷ʱ
ԯͲų᲻ʵ䷴ֱ
⣬ܱ߾ǰ³ǵܵס
Ϣҵطڡ
һ£ԨȥκּѰҲ֮ء
𣿡ãȻ
Ԩһ۰ݷݷеĵ裬Ҫݷݷ˵õģֻҪС
ġԨ
ݷݷȵأһۣԨʲô֪
Ǳߣпյ֮ǰ̽㶣ָ򼸿ãҪ˺ϱĿԨ˵档
áԨȥ
ݷݷˣҲͺһ
𣿡
пյڣκнǳŪߣﵽ΢ʶ͸ˣ
֪ݷݷʲô𣿡Ԩ
κҡͷ
ѰԨ΢΢һЦҲ֪ǰݷݷεѰд˵֣ǾһȻıɡԱߣ˵Чѣɶߣڱá
ֵ裿κ
ȻʶƵˣѵûи߹һЩʽ裿ԨȻѵ̵ֻЩ߰׶֮
κһ˵ˡ
ʱ
ڵԨͷͷɫȻء
κ￴һ£죬̲סг
һͷɫԣ׵ĳͷİշ裬ͷϣһߡ
һߣɫĬԡ
ĽԶԨУֻͷҲգЩҲãպء
ߣûûȥµïܴ֡
ƺʶûͷųȥ̽ʲô
ֱʲôĿꡣ
ԨκУֻһСʧ
Ƭ̺ݷݷˣֱ߳
㿴𣿡ݷݷȡ
Ԩ˵ͷ
һͷӦ߼˪ݷݷһ˥û䣬½ĺ͵Ǳ߼˪ͻξʵ൱ôһͷ˪ڶߣʲô
ֽ壬߼˪Ǻǿ
ôһͷ˪Щߣʦˡ
Լңֵ˴󶯸ɸꣿ
߼˪Щߣɱ³еˡ
ӦòǱԼҡԨҲҸոһ£ͷ˪ķ򣬿ɲǰ³ǡ
ݷݷ
Ԩüͷκ
κﲪȻɫǱߣ
˵壬ǰ˵𣿡Ԩѯʡ
κＱæͷ
ƺǱߡԨ



ڶʮ 
Ѵأһÿó컨ݣѿط
ϼڴ׳ɳ
ʮͷޣصͺţɢڸɺԴء
ÿһͷԱߣվţһλڼеĺⲾʿ
룬һͷ쳣񿥵ĺޣȱԴһִ֣ͷĻߣ̷
ͷϣһλףɭȻĽ졣
춯ңԶ⵴
Ľ죬һ˫ɫһ
һλȻһֱ̡
ҹɫ谵µգܲ
һشڣؼ׵Ľ죬ɽΡ롣
һӰȻ
ò
۹ĹʦˣԶΣӰ³ǵĳҴҸϸڴˣǲЦݣôλ۹ĵֲ£ǰΣ󣬸Ҷ㿪ˣ
ܲԕFܱ߸ƺͶָƣܶ˲Ļ֪
Ҳ뵱۹Ļʺ󡣡
һɳƵͳȴԵŮߵ´ƣˣͲǬ½ˡؼ½ңվҲҪȥԴ½ȥŻڵġ
ܲԕFһ̾һسħڣǴһҫᱻ¡ؽӴ㣬ǱŻģĻع֮·ûôס
㹻ǿˣŻڲɣҲҪɡŮǿƵ
ܲԕF˵ͷκﻹţֻǱ³һԨСӣʱˡ
³ǣԨŮ
κʱ䲻¡ܲԕFܿ⣬ָһһͷ߼˪ߣ
۲Ŵԣûٵǵʱ͵õꡣĮںڣҲżѰҡ۹ڲνǿߣҲ蹷׷ᡣ
ܲԕFװԾ㲻ǾܾʾԸȥ۹ĻʺǼһ˲ɣҪ㣿
ؼףŮڸǵĺⲾľĬ
Ҫȥ½ɣܲԕFЦ΢΢˵߳ɰգܳΪһγħڵħڵˣ۹ĻʺǸ磬ⲻûɣ

ڳ۹µ۹պյĹʦˣӣһЦһ㲻Цѣ㻹ǺǰһȤ
гϼŮ˻һתֲġ
ʦ㶣Щ֡
ֻ˪ߣΪ塣ŮԶӦ
ܲԕF˵ͷұԶ֮⣬١ֻһսޣܰĲࡣ
ıáŮ˵
κǰ³ԨУȺһҪȫһ㡣ܲԕF˵ԣ赣ǡ
һ³ǵС㾹˸߿
˳ʶʱΪҲܵ΢ڻ½εʱһӺǿĶĴޣ
ǸСӣܺ͵Ტۣ
ҿԡ
ˣκһҾͷˡ
仰ؼ׵ĺⲾľˣһ貶Ŀĺ磬ֱͷ߼˪
⡣
߿հ˪ϷЩߣȻɫ
УԶ֮⣬һѺ磬ƽĻ俪֮ռͬҪѿ
ƽ˾ҹգꡣ
һϢĿֲѪǧͷΪ˳Ҷ
춯صͷ˪𣬶ŵߣ׷ȡԴ
һش
ڵɣͺڵμˣֱһŮ˿̲춯Ȼ졣
һ貺磬ͷӹ
ƺһΪԽԽ
ƲڱεҹգȻֳһſŷǣ
ͷɢμŽҹգ̾ʱ꣬λŻڵͽȻͬʱĹŻ״ӻҪǿʦʧܣԶδ飬ѱħΧŹɼţ
زۣǻʤɳ
Żڵ֪ܷݵμۣ˵ֻҪλǾͼ¡ǱޣԶǬ½Դ½˷ˡ
ϣشɵ
˴ҴҽָӦ޵ıЦһٴ


ԨżԶգĶǵ죬˲úκԣԭؾ
ڹرǣǹģɲǼ붨
۾ȥܵ꣬ȥ֪߿յ
ţٺϵҪǱ
ͷ߼˪м˪ǿߣԨпвġ
ⷽأ涼ðǱӦ¡
ǵ
ǻ۴룬ȻúⲾڡڵĳޣȥ֮Ϊƫƫˡ
Ԩͣ˪λȥ
꣬ں˻ǣȻȻģӵ°ȥӽ˪δ֪ǿߵս
ȥ
Ԩʶ봫ԼͷȴȻһ



ڶʮ Ͷ
ү
һϤȻԨȻһ
녣
Ԩ̽ѯʡ
࣡ϲõ
ںδУΪҵԨ𾪣Щ֮Ļô녵Ŀӣ;ء
ڵ녣뿪½أһ֮󣬾û
녲Ӧڳ۹
үܼܲһ棿
֪ںδ

á
Ԩرģ衣
ݷݷκֵؿ
һ⡣Ԩһ䡣
ڵ녣һ֮½ʱ۷塣
Ǳڽɱµ۹£Ȼ½صͻƵξ
ֻϧ½عܶ䣬ħʣۣħϫХɽȵ׷׻ִ
⣬ܲԕFв֣
½أûֵˣһ֧֧ҪôҪôǿӡǡ
뿪½أֱڳ͵Ϯ㲨Ԩ
Ԩӽ߳ȥ̷ɽǰӡ⿪˫Ƿ
δϵ녾ȻѰٵ
ѵ£ȥУôģԨЦԭȵ飬һȤû
˵λ񾳵ߣڵڣʸΪʱš

̬녣һ£Ա̬֡
һ̬ӣһ˫۾һЩҰϢ
Ȼ񾳺ڣԨĸоУ녱ȵ½ǰʱƺһ
һȥˣѵδָˣ
ڣ녣
ҩڵİݷݷһ΢΢ɫͺ
̷ɽͳ۹ҩںͳ۹һЩţҲ
Ϊ۹ڣλڵݷݷţҲΣȻϵá
녿һۣûʲôӡֻǿضԨ˵үͶ·ˣͶġ
⻰һǺⲾκһɻ
ʲôʱ񾳵ĴߣҪȥͶһͥСʿˣ
˵ȥѵ
ԨݼңѵǬ½۹Ļң
ߣԨħħ֣δѵ飿
ʲôԨüڳ۹úõģԶУô
Ǿ仰û˵
녲ҪڣԶգǲѰĴ󶯾ˡ
Ҳ鿴һ
˵ţϢ壬ƮȻԶȥ
Ԩܲ׽΢İݷݷҲܸ֪һ
κ޴Ӹ֪
壬껹ڣӰ녵Ľ˵ӡĻǳˣһеطһ˿һ˿Ӱֺ㾳粻㣬Բ
ǽһ˿Ҿĸ֪ǡᵽӶطţ㽻̸
녰Ҹп
ͥѣȻܸպԶڰģһδ֪ĻγϵԨֶΣò
ҲˣᶨǸ˼
㾹ҽҵһ˿ͷԨŭ
노æǸ˵һͷ߼˪ʮλߣһλؼ׵ǿߣԶɱλ
һ󣬾ȵλӦ۹Ⲿ˵еľ
һκ΢ͻԼĹâ
ԨҲüͷһⲾľ
ͨݷݷӶ֪۹ⲾľǼ˲õ
λǺȻ۹֣ȷֲǻӵ۹ĵϵȻֽ۹ڶѱ֮һһѱʹ۹Ʋ٣ϡ
ˣأǷ۹ĵ
۹ݵλܲԕFڳ۹һ֮£֮ϣȨ졣
ǰԨ͸оͷ߼˪ǿ֡
ֻǲ֪ݡ
һȻ֪ˣҲߺ˪ǱڡڣǺⲾľˡ
녲أκһۣƳⲾݣȴûжһ䣬ǿЦţԨ˵۹ݲˣλãҲȡˡûзѾĬ۹ˣˡ
֪ڳ۹ᱻΧɱ
˵棬ڲֺô۵ļλѣȥǰѾıˡ
Ųϲٵ녣ϵҡͷпԶ۹ʱ˵֪Ϣ;йν棬ٴαһ֧
̾Ϣһ˼ȥǡֵϢͶˡ
һ˵꣬ҩڵİݷݷԥһ£Ԩ˵˵ģǰҲų۹Щߣ;ҪϮɱǰ˵Ϊǰ½أɱ˲ٵ۹ǿߡ
̯֣Ԩ˵֪ģҸɵġ
Ԩ˵ͷ
ֵǶμֵܣеָʹȻǳ۹Ĺʦûʲôϵ
녣ֻܲԕF
˵ͶԨ򦣬죬㣬һȥڵ𣿲һ꣬㾹ı⣬ҪͶң⣿
㲻Ϊݼҵһλ乩˵
ԨĿɿڴ
񾳵녣ҪΪݼҵĹ
³ǵĳԯҲֻ΢ڣδܽΪ񰡣



ڶʮ ҲǴ˵
أͼ顣
Դ½ͼ½ǿ޵񾳽ߣţë
Ǭ½һλ񾳵ߣκһ۹ƵϾ뢣ʦˡ
ڳ۹ʱΪڵһ֮
ӵλڣڳ۹ʵΪǿƣȺܶνļŷ̶Ҫ
µ۹ҡҡռ֮ļ壬ǿߣҲϹ֡
һλ򣬾ǿĴʡ
논δϾ񾳺ڵĴߣȬˣʶξ
ԸΪݼҵһλ乩
ҩڵİݷݷ̫ѨԴӽӽݼԺ󣬾̫˼Ĺ¡
κҲһĪʱ녣ȥԨɻ
Ψ𾪣ȴ¶ɫ
ֺγˣ
μشʲôطûȥƫƫطݼ򣬾ȺԨĹΪΣ
ƳԨĲ
ǰûкҿЦɣ
Ԩ˰Σ˳ǣ˵ڳ۹ȥľΪкܶطȥȥ½ţԸ㣬αǰ³ǡ
ûЦ˵
üͷԨ룬£ں˵ɡ
ûӦǲ֪녺«ʲôҩҲǲڳ۹񣬱۹׷ɱ
ݼҽڣǶ֮ٶأǸ鷳
녻ͷġ
ԶҰƺΪµĲŨصƣҵɢʹǿ֡
ʵڹԶ˵ľ粻㣬⣬˶޷С
Ѹ֪սϸڡ
ԨѯʣսΣ
Ժͣڸ߿노ܿǱߵĶ֪˭ʤ˭
߼˪ֵĻξλ۹ĺⲾں˪սȻǷ
κ
ⲾľԴϷ硣녻Ӧλ۹Ǭ½Ǵ˵еصٿһ֣۹ڶ߼ɵ֪ûսܹ
ͷ˪ǿɼڶߣ´Ҳס
ս̫ԶֻܿһЩߣк󣬷׷׹ء
Ӿû̫⣬ȻǲҰܡͷ߼˪Ҳᱻˡͷ룬ⲾľӦҲס
һ˵ͬȼսһר룬ܻ¡
ֻ˫սȫԵȣһѹһʱʹһӶӲ
ڱ֪ʵԨ˼ţ˵֪УҲҪλ֣ھԵƣżˡһλλߣĴ䣬ˡ
š녴һ˵Ūôƺƴ˲֪ƵģȻбֶΡ
⣬бǿҲڸҲǷ۹ɱλԨ˵ͷ㹻ĶһĹȥпܣЩѾڰȴںʵʱ򣬲ⳡս
κһҡ
˭
ע⵽녣üܹĺⲾҲǴ۹Ǳ߹ģ
ҼʱҲźⲼףֻûźްˡԨڽһ䣬˵дá
үҼȻӳ۹ˣһƬġɫ£õҵĵطԸҵľ
½ʱƳԨĲ
˵һЩڱ̷ɽȵ¡
֪оޱ䣬в񾳣΢ǿߣܶѶ
ƫƫԨҲȳˣңúԨŻݼϢ
ҩǱߣ룬Ԩʵֵ̫һᡣ
һ
֪ȵǳޱ䣬ԨȻֱӲߣһķᡣ
ַԨϵ쳣ڳ۹Ͷ·ʱһ˵ľͶԨ
һģҲ֪䣬ǻӮ

һҷһߣ˳
ʮף߰ףľͷƳɣأ޵ë
¹£ëʣƳӯܣǷܰա
һǷһ˵µ۹ķƷ
Ʒ
Ԩֹһ䣬ͷǷ˵Ʒģܳ˵ķϡ֮˵ⶫ۰µ۹ƷƺҲֻҰɣ
ܷеƲףҼķġ
½ڣƴķҪʦʱܶ࣬ÿһҷҪȡʯ
͹ﲻͬķһλʦԣʵļա
ǾСɵģɽ߷ơʦĥ֮
ƷķԽǴ͵ģԽҪʦϣҪһߵȽ׵ʦָʹһͽͽϸֳԸʲôۡ
գдʦȥԿӡӳһеͼ
̫ʱ䣬̫·࣬۸Ҳ
һҷƷ֣˵ǳµ۹ԨͲ²λⲾľս̫ң˸µ۹ǿע⡣
ף
Ʒϣ½ɹ̫Ԫ꣬һ
װϣվʮµ۹Ȩ֮еᣬеĲϣڴأλս
Ԫĺ˻ͷϽôһһէģ
һˡ
Ԫǵû뵽ȻٴСӡ
½ʱԨӡʵ
عͨ󸣬ͨԨ˸˽⡣
ҲΪ½ʧٺܾõԨǲܻˡ
õԨٴϢҲܾȣԭʹпУһ˰³ǣֻ̫࣬һֱ顣
û뵽;ż
ˣ
³ǣݼҵԨԪ
һϵĺܶˣ¶֮ɫ
޵δ򣿡
½أԺᣬΣ۹Сӣ
ôڴ˵أ
˴Ϊ档
ߣԪһҲв̽
۹ڵһ녣ȻҲڣ



ڶٰʮ 
µ۹˵κһλԳ۹ǿߣǴС
ˣг۹ĴߣϵЩˣ˽⡣
ڵ˳۹ĴȻ֪
λսԶۼɣҪżٽ
ԪңԶ룬

һӣƼһ㣬ïּ
Ʒϣʮλ;粻ȵĵ۹ȨеȻעͷ˪ͺⲾս
ҲˣͶԨ˺棬̽ͷͷ
ּԨɲǼ䣬Ӧǧ˿ƵĻʶϸƮ䡣
ڷƷĻеâеůᣬеĳ亮⣬еͬϢҲһ
֪ǲڴһ£Ǳ¶ˡ
ƼԪӰ֮£ʹ󷽷վڽΪտ֮أԪȻ׹䣬йСԨڴ˼Ͻ
ǰλڵ۹ңڽؿװ˯Ͻ
ҲûʲôøС
ȻϽԨоƾ󸣬жİλԪò
Լݣ˰³ݼҵģҲǵ۹֮ˡ
ţԪѺХ
Ԩ׵ͷȻκͰݷݷϣһϣڴˣ
ڳ۹Ǳߣԣ۹ڲʿżȴӳ۹һ£Ĵ˵ʲôܡ
ԪֵǣôֺԨһ

ɫΣԪ棬Ҫ˵ԨǰѺעͶϣԼΪԪ겻š
ǣ녻һ˵ǡ
۹ǱߴȥˣʹڱεһҲ֪ģµ۹۹ˣһԼѡȥǱһӡڨЦһٴ˵ҺԨ½أҲǾʶǡˣ͹һ
ԪһɣüͷȻ˵Ԩλǰûж㲻ɣ
Ԫǰеˡ
󸣬˵һЩԨ½Ϊʹϣ޵ȥв¡
뿪֮Ԩµӡǣƺû
ԪΪԭ۲¼Ժ󣬽Ԩͷϣڳ۹ȥǰʱǱǰԨѰ
ǰ൱ѺáԨ̬
λǣԪ꿴ݷݷ
ҩڣҩʦݷݷݷݷݣŽڱѰټҩݣǡɺԨ
ҩڵ˰Ԫ˵ͷɫºͣȻǶҩкøС
ֿɱ󣬿ûٱŵκٴʵ˭
κĮĬ
ԨҲЩΪѣ˼ŸôԪ֪ͣκԺⲾ᲻Ὣκ˲վ
Ⲿڰ³ܱ߳ûϮղһ£ôãй¶ȥ
ԪΪҸ߲㣬ߣ֪ˡ
۹ĺⲾκ
ͻȻ䣬ҩڵİݷݷһԵκݡ
Ԩһ俴ݷݷ
ûʲôڵġݷݷ̬ϽļʶһӣҲܿⲾݡ
κ
ԪһãȻ֡
ȥ
ݼҵĿ䣬Ԩ͡
Ԫ˵ͷ˵һϷ
˷ԵĻᣬȻһӣһشޣȻԨݷݷκһס
һˣ˲ڿնƷȥ
Ԫ귴棬Ԩ˷һأ֣µض˵ͳ۹ľףǲᡣԨ½أйʲôͻϣ
Ԩµ۹񣬶ҺԨԴ
Ϊ֮Ѱ𣬳ȥǱǡ
գų˷
֪ˣЦҲ⡣
ţʱԪȥˣǰ³ǣݼ
Ϊʲô
ŰƴڣԨɫأҩڵİݷݷ
ԺⲾµ۹ˣɱҡݷݷԾȵ񣬻˵Ҳ֪ˣо˵Щʲôҽĵ⣬ԽԽˡ
ԯʱԨԴκ̬ȣӡ
ɺݷݷҲ֪ʲôԭԨν̸󣬽κеĲţˡ
ңκҲû̫ͽ
ͷβԨûк˵ԭ
㱻κⲾɱˡ
Ⲿ۹Ǭ½ԶݷݷϲڷԨȻı̬Ⱥ󣬶ΪԨκƻˡ
ǽκݽҴ
ûңѾˡԨΪǵ˵κҲܵģδãʣҵ£ô£ϣ˸棡
ݷݷһ㸸ףô˵
Ԩ

ܿ죬һ˱ԪǣţֱӸƷ
˶ӵȥǽţ
һλӼ׵Ĵ󺺣һǹߺһһơ
Ԩ˼£ᣬƶƶƷһС䡣
ܣʲô



ڶٰʮһ ۹Ȩ
䴦һλӣɫá
ŷΣµ۹ľʿߵģ
ɫۣڽԱ߾ţһ˪ͺⲾսر⡣
ԨһˣԪ·նҲĮġ
ģֻӼ׵Ĵ󺺣ԨŪԣӰİС
ϾдƬλõġ
ţŤŤסԨ˵һߺȣ֪߽Сܡ
գ
ԨЦסƺ󣬱侲ͳĬŷƷľ
Ʒ˵ôӵ
ʮ׳ķƷ߰׿װʵΪɼʮ˶ûʲô⡣
վϷˣʮ˲һɢš
˵˶ӵһǱأŪһС䣬ǿԡ
Ԩɫأص㿴ܡ
ûԽĿ̽еķĿ࣬Ӽףһǳս֮
շʮа˾ź͵۹ķйء
ʱܵͭĴۣҲݺݵص
ԨɫأˣŴƷʮˣµ۹ȻǷǸ
ΣϵĻ·ͼ磬󷨼ӳֵĺۼá
λָܵӣΪᡣ
ֻǴֲ£ŵŲЬûжֵǮۣûЯʢŶĲ֮Ķ
Ҳû֡
£¶Сֱۡ
¶Сۣᣬһϸ
ԨĿ⣬Сֱۣͣʱܳ
ע⵽Ԩʱעӣںǳ˷ܣĿ֮ٴۣɫسȣСӣ㿴ʲô
ûʲôԨֿ죬ȻһЦ
Ҳڴ˿̡

논˵ϽƼƷ룬ָԨˣڽһ䡣
ûκֻ˵ԨͰݷݷ
ϣλеӣΪ⣬Ľܣ˵񣬶Ԩε
ȻǶԨȤ
ݼС½ڣֶӷ룿ܺȻһȣ˵ֶڽصʱ򣬺㲻·ӡ
Ԩһ޹Ԫϣ˭
зܣҵˣڵ۹ְԪ΢΢üƺǷܣҲûʲôӡ󣬲ΪԷԷңɵĺǳ⡣
ŶҰԨ˵ͷˣڽʱͺǷֱŲдķˣǰص۹ˡ飬ǲ̫ڽؿڵϣӦ֪һ
ͼӽؿڣ³ʱͭᱮĹ׸ǴɱǱڡ
ĻǣͭᱮĹ׸Ƕԣֻǧ鵱еһǺۣܲΪСࡣ
ɶԷҶԣǳش
Ϊ֮һķ룬̤½Ψһȥġ
ˣΪµޣ󶼱֤ʵڽԴ½ƵƵϢ
ˣ»̤½غ󣬶Ϊ
ղܽˣϣʼâ¶
½صľ֮䣬ܶĴ߲ħŰߣһˣ̭
Ҵߣڽֱ棬Ǿпĥ£߳׷ƾ
Ůʱ˵˵۹֮ң
ԴߣΪ۹δ
ɣһϲҳ
ңʧصļ壬ڣȫ
Ϊ˵ķܣ֪ͨ˭˵ǣΪڽΪԨѹ˷룬·뱻Ⱥʹ󲿶ӵ
˷
ңһμ壬
һȻվ˳бۿԨȻԪ˵ϽԴ½أᡣ۹ǱߣҲ˵ǵĺܶߣΪ˶ССᣬ˼񶾣Ӧϼʣڳࡣ
Ԫɫϲ
ԨЦһ˵۹ܶߣΪҶѵǵ۹Ǻͳ۹𣬲ͨʲô³۹߶Ůʱ¶ýҡ
һСӡһλͬУڷŮԽ죬ˬһЦҽܵϣڣ»ҵֶ
ԨЦһǰá
ʱЦ»һʼľˮˮһδεĲսҲЩ顣
ãڼȻϼңԳ»ĳٲ緮ܰԼ
»ۺܸߡŮ壬ԸжϧǻСӻϼҵˡҲһ㣬˷ЧüˣԷƱϼҵˣΪǵ۹δ
ȻӰ³ǣð㣬»ô߿ǴΪˬ
赭дأ˵ڵĹ£ݼɲУڸգ³ǵԯû֪ͨ㣬㾡ڰ³ǴţҪ׳𣿡
ûСԨ
ԯڵǴˡڵ¼ףƺסģʵò㲻ΪЩ֣˫°ʹ򦣬Բɰǰԯ»ǽСģ˳ͷŵÿˡ
ԯƺйڣ³ǵĳ䲻ȵġ
ϽҪ˵ʲô
Ԫӷˣһ½ʱҲֳûԨ𣬾ûʲôڽأɳԹŭԵ۹飬ֵϢһ¾ˡ
ϽߣڷƷϵϣɨһȦ˵ûԨڣ۹ֻ󣬲ôҴߣȻӽع
֪Ԩĺܶ˲ˬ֪Ԩ춼ԣҲΪ
֪ͬûԨĴڣ󸣬»ܽղȵȵ۹˲ţʬ½ء
ŮʱҲڶʻеΪԨڹ
ԣԨһݼʱܳͨ衣
ǵ˵Ŀġ
Ͻ俴˷һۣ˵ʦڶΪżԨҪλսµ۹
˵ţܶ˵ߣ׷״ԨŲʼԶ
Ƭ̺һǵĹâӱĳػȻ졣
â֮ž죬һŤ磬ƱΪޣʳȥ
ǿߣһɫݣǱߣӦҲӦеȺߣºܿͻ֡
κȻأͷ΢



ڶٰʮ ս
𵴣â֯
һѩӰʼС̼ɽ
ž
һɵĳޣӱ䣬Զ
ɽѩӰһ
ͻȻ䣬յҲ͵ؽ䡣
ԶҪɱ顣
꣡
ͬڱأһ໥ײţ
ըΪҫĿ⣬ӡż
һСӰÿһ֮УƽԺ󣬻ǧֱ֮࣬費ͬС
ƷĴߣϽԪǵۣȻâ̾ඡ
һۿںͺǱλǿߣͷ˪ڶߣԺⲾľ
ֻһͷ˪Ȼλ˵еľ֣ڶߣҲֻڻңˡ
ݲڡǿߣȺǱ״̬֪߳λˡ
Ԫ̾ϢƳһκ
κﴹͷɫįȻΪλǡ
ȴ޿κΡ
أսĳɽ£ɺμˣ
˷ֱһλӵܣ񷣬ͬͬԴĺƵӰĳޣǧ۶ɵĺ⡣
֪֮󣬷Դ½뿪ͬţȻӦʮա
ںͺڣ۹ãȻ۹ĵȻʧ
λǹŻڵͽںͺںΧˣıŻ׷
Ⲿһ·һ
գһǰڹŻжôʧȥẉ̂䵽Ǭ½Ϊһʱûٵλοʦº󣬹ŻͲˡ
ǻزȥˡμһ
Ǻͷ˪֣֮ǰ׷ɱǵĺⲾʿͻϢġ
Ⲿᾡ
ɡ
һƨ£ȡһö£ġ

Ԩ
ϽԪ꣬վڷƷıأȻһ
ۣȥԶսȴû취еԨŤͷǰкָ̣
¶ͷںͺǿߣ۾ȥ֪Ȼǻξ
ξߣǬ½ĸ۹۷ս
µ۹Ůʱ£۹ĹʦܲԕFλˣΡ
ںͺڵˣҺ˪֣ȻҲǴ˵Ⱦ硣
Դ½ͼ½޵ξģҲǷ֮ˡ
˵ȼսƷЩµ۹Ȩ󣬸֡
ܱ򣬷ԲﷶΧ˵˭ܹӰϵս֣Ԩ˼ȥҲˡ
ֻǣ¶棬ձ¶
ǲȥ̷ɽԪߣԶսȴѯʡ
һ̷ɽԨ
Աߣҩڵİݷݷ˳Ԫ꣬ǵ̸
µ۹ˣڹλˣ˪ڡǿ֮սûǵĵ
½뿪ڱ̷ɽεһܿҲˡԨûзϣôˣ
ǰ˴̽ϢԪ˵
ˣԨ
һλ۹ճµѾͷԪ
Ԩһ£׸ǳ棬֪ͨʲôʽҲԳ棬бԼ
ŶԨ˵
ʶԪ΢
Ǻ졣Ԩ
Աߵİݷݷɫ죬һѻûһġ
ԨͳӴԺһǰȣ֪ˡ
Ȼҽ֤ʵ˺ܶǿߣ񾳺΢ȱȽǡ
ƫƫԨʧʱµ۹ڣݼ
һûټģ۹ĳ棬۹ûлأʼղˡ
Ԫ껹ʱͻȻüͷ壬ȵ˹
Ʒڣһµ۹ȨٴУ
ϧûʲôӦ
ԨҲأĴ˿ûоʲô
Ԫ겻˵ȻǸ֪ʲôŻдһʡ
ţֻżˣкѡ
һһ⣬ͣ͵ķƷǰۣһԨϤͯӣɫѣԺֻԨɣּˡ
ϴμ棬ȣǴҴҳ롣
ʱһ꣬Ȼٴγ֣ҸԨĸоǿһء
ôԨȻ
Ԫ΢΢ɫ½ؼ棬֪˲׶ԸҪԶһս
š
ڰͯͷ̲أ˵ôµ۹Ҫ棿
Ԫֻ̬ǹǳڴˣֻϣⳡսҪµ۹ϣսҪתƣ
ǾͺáڰͯӷֿԨأ
Ԩʱɫƺһ㣬ѯµ۹ҪҪ棬Ҫ档
ֱӵ£Ʒϣµ۹Ȩ󣬶Ī



ڶٰʮ Ͽɣ
һһף֯öɵͯӣվڷƷǰ
µ۹һǿߣԪڣɫ£ء
ӷֻݳڽأһںϣȫ֮ͯӵ飬ǿ
֮䣬ڶࡣ
ˣɽˣλͯҲˡ
ֻǴ̬ͯӣټԨĸоѽȻͬ
λͯӣڳӯѰ
ûѪǰܺ;Ļӡ
ڣгɵ
µ۹ߣ֮ԲΪλͯӣûѪǣƫƫӯŻ񴿴
˵е񣬾ǰͯӰ㣬ɴΪʵ塣
Ʈ
µ۹ߣͺⲾûйϸ𡣡Ԩ΢΢һЦ˵һڴ˵أֻǴɡ
µ۹
ڰͯӣһ䣬ֳĬ
һһ׵ֻۣĵأƷˡ
ߣͻȻϡ
ڵ۹ϼҵڣһԵýխ¼ףĽ⡣
һͷȥͷԿ¼ϵģֹ͸ġ顱ͼһر
顱ͼãǸǿߵĻ͸ֹ񾳼ǿߣǿʹʶ
ɫɫ˿ߣꡱķɽŹâ
𶯣֪ʲô
ͯӵɫһֻۣȻá
ɫӣµµתţڣҺԨ˵仰
Ԫֱֻ̬֣ץԨڡ
۵ŤƷҶط·ߵ
ԨˣȻʧظУƮƮأ紩͸ƷȻ򷫴ײһƬãƴء
һ񣬻ج֮У͸оСء
ԨѣͷȥƼããĽ£˴ĻĴס
ĥһӣ
ˣ˿ͷ£ڷƷķײˣСǧٱһڡ
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ʮ׳ķƷڱ죬ⷽռĻ
½صķı仯ܴ󡣡ԨпһСأֶͨΣܶﵽξĴߣҲ
Ūҹھ
һһͫģͯӣ¶Цݡ
ЦݣȻǶڶΪ㲻ǵˣ
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ڰͯӣͻȻӰ䣬һһȦȦڰ磬ԨޱϤķֻ
ڴУǸӣ
ͯӲȻһЦѽǸӵ갡
ֻ½أҵȥշת»У»ϼˣҲǡ
ʵϣֻУżȻõԺֶ»ġ
ʵֻ֪ʱȻѡ
ǶλججδȫյǷǳġ
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ǸֺأĦŷֻעһѪɵɵڡ
ʱڣֻϼңһòڣԱСѾͷƬӡ
ģǳԺĺÿһ㡣
ץŷֻŮʮ˱ΣŵȽˣͻòϿɣܱĳӢĴӵܡ
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ͯӱͳȥ»½һֻǲȫǻ۴󿪡
ͯûڶ׳Ժ󣬻ʱ𵱳¶δ֪ʱǸֺѾͷһʶ볤ڵϢ
㣬ôںȻˣѽһӰûģ㣬㡭
״ˡ
ҸԼȡһ֡ͯЦݿ䣬˵ΪգΪ飬ҽ顣
飬顭Ԩ˼
飿ϣΪС»𣿡ڵ
ǡҡҡͷ˵Ϊ»Ϊڣ㣬תܾ֮ǰӦǴ󿪺Ϊ»ûеõңͬ
˵ΪԼȡΪĺڰͯӣԵ쳣˸ѹ
ҲĪᣬګګص»ϣϼҵδңĳȻҪõøҲû㵱ʱǴ󿪣ԼʶֻǾܷǣ㡣
»츳ڣעϼҵĶǻεġ
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ʱǰȫȻͬĵĻϲԨδġ
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ˣȥ͹ȥˣҲܺáǳǳЦݣԨĴڣ˵Զһսġ
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Ԩ½أҲƿط컯޷תأֻһͥС߶ѡ
ΪǴϵЩˣƲƲ죬Ҵǰ뿪žͽȥˡȸƽ⿪ݹǱأĶ΢񾳣лĴ
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û뵽ǰ̷ɽȵľҰԨʲôϸ
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˵ȵľ䣬֪˺ܶˣ֪ҩܵ顣
˵ںԪڵˣȻ٣Ѱ˿
ԨҲȣһˣ
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»ֱԲأϵ棬˵µ۹һµˣ
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Ԩ
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һȺ۸ڶޱظִֵϼϱ»ΪϼٴβʢĹؼ
Ƴһλڰ³ǣСݼүڶϷ׷ŭ
Ԩڣݼһѵ»ԨֵĿޣϼݼҵԹۡ
ûԨû˵ǷǰҲԨʲô֮
ڣӣΪ˵֮£ʼֶ̬ȣԨԾ塣
ڣڣⲾλԨһ£ͻվһߣ
Ҳվκһߡܳ࣬Ҳ˵Ҫͷ˪꣬мڣڣǸʲôⲾľǻҲġ
Ԩʼ磬ͣʶһҲ뿪ģϣúõġ
ڡڵλǿߣͷ˪һӣұǰ֣Ҳû̫աȻ¶ԵЩĵЦݣԨϥ˵ټһλͬȵĴڣʤʹˡ
ԨɫҲ֪˵ʲô
һͬ뿪ģֻ֪㡣ϣ˵



ڶٰʮ ֮ر
λʲô
ƷļװϣԨȻʧԺ󣬷ܳѯʡ
µ۹һ˵ȣɫ
½أꡣԪһͷת򣬷Żָ˵Ƭأи鱻ѹţԴ⡣ԭֻǻ飬ûʵ˼òͬˡ
½أߣҾ˵ͽصᣬλĳָ֣ռѾ˵ܶ⡣
һһ롣Ԫü½أܶڵ۹顣С
ͣһ£Ͻٴ˵ӽ̤߳۹һ̣Ǿ͵õϢˡκ˸ľٶߺ
Ůʱ£һ䣬ղҶ˵
µ۹Ůʣϲ£һһжźƵŵ۹׼
Ԩһ£Ůʱ¼Ȼ˵˾ͱӡ
ܶԨٶ಻ҲֶֻΣڹڣȡж
Ʃ磬Һѹݼҡ

Ƭ̺ԨڵӰȻڼװ֡
һֵĺڰͯӣûټ֪ȥ
Ԫ¶ڣԨϽλѵоɣ
Ԩ飬֪ģԲ֡
ںλƺʲôϸôҲˣ
Ǹ¹ϼ档鵭Į
Ԫһ£ٴοԨλͻȻⷽʲôںͺڣͺⲾǳս˵Ҫ֣
ûк˵ЩԨ̯֣Ц˵Ͻһ㾡ܷģµ۹ûʲô⡣ǳսУվһߣҲ̫Ψһҿ϶ǣǡ
ϣˡʲôûʳԪ꣬鲻ѣɫ
֪Ԩڶܣ͸ŹŹ֣ƫƫԼҵ󸡢˼ҾȹҲָʾ
ЩƵϽ֮󣬱ûм׷ʡ
ԨſڷأۣԶǳս
սһˣͨ۹գһɫӡ
ҹĻУɫޱĿҫۣҷŽɫǣȻֱأڵķƷ
ϣµ۹ߣ׷ײĿ
۹̽𱦴
ʶߣ࿴˼ۣ˲ת
̽𱦴
ҩڵİݷݷͺ˵ۣȷƷ࣬հ裬ӡڶ๥ͷͼ̽𱦴½Ҳϡ֮
ͬΪ̽𱦴ļֵһҵֵҷƷ
Ʒֻܳˣշ裬һĹߡ
̽𱦴ͬؽ̽𱦴ٶȸ죬Ҫ̵Ķ࣬ϿӡУʯ޽ĴųȦҾ߱һЩǿĹڡ
۹Ҫµ۹ǿʢܶ࣬ȳ۹Ҫ
Ȼ۹Ҳֻôһ̽𱦴
˱˹֮ر
Ԩ
еκһ̽𱦴Ȼɫ
ԨȻʲô
ߣκ
Ԩûд𻰣ϽԪ꣬ѳ˵У
߰ɡκ󣬡ҪôߣҪôɱҡ
Ԩ֪ܶ˵飬Ծˡ
̽𱦴֣κȻˣٱ¶۹ܣߡ
Ԩü˼š
κ￴ԥͻȻˣһݣҪҧԾ
ɣԪһһġ
ֵ̫࣬һģκﶯá
壬ʶͷǧ˿Ƶ
Ҳڴ˿̣һԶͱڣžͻ̽𱦴ʮﳤգȻ
ҹУ̽𱦴ȷƷ·ɻƽ졣
ͣڿУ̽𱦴һͷɫޣͷŷƷϵµ۹Ȩ󣬶ɵԲλࡣ
˱ˣˡ
ΪķƷ̽𱦴һȣȻСˡ
ֻ̽𱦴ҹУӲӣһһͼ󣬿ŵʣѤù⻪ʣ֪˴ȷƷ߼ȼ
ԨǱŴϵļӳֵͼϳ˺ü֡
Ҳɰͷ֪۹ĹƣȻǬ½ǰУµ۹ܱġ
Ц̽𱦴
ڶЦ÷Ʒϵµ۹Ȩž;ô̶
̽𱦴ܷɵĸߣ֮ͣҲڷƷǰϵĿУֱӵ·Ʒϵˣֻܿ̽𱦴°벿֡
̽𱦴ϷжˣʲôЦ۾ǿġ
Цһ𣬺ʮʶһ߰㣬Ϸ
΢ߣ̽𱦴ϣ޼ɵǡ
ڹ֮䣬Ǽ䲻òǳľٶ
ԣ̽𱦴ϵ۹ˣİ񣬶ȱ𾴡
κڣ
һϲޱȵͻȻ̽𱦴



ڶٰʮ ۹κϣ
Ʒڵκ̽𱦴ľлеĹʣѸٱҰ
¶һĪľ
ʱӦ˿ߣ΢ϸ㣬֮
֪Ծɥʧ
ʱȻԹԨ
Ԩϣĺ棬ȻȻ̤Ѱ֮·۹йϸ
ˣҲûô鷳ˡ

һλƽսףֳֽӲӳǹӢΰӣ̽𱦴֮з˳
ӽüĿĻƽս׿ƺأȴӳڶӯͼֻΪߡ
һ̤һɫ⣬ڷƷǰ֡
ųǹӣΪôֵأվµ۹Ȩǰ
ųȻЦݣӸµأŷƷڵһ˵ȡ
ſκûӵ
һѣĿĽɫ⣬ǼƽսͷųеλӢΰӣһλƽսݡ
һ̽𱦴ĴأȻðʮˡ
˴źһĻƽսףе¹ŷűЦݣԿ񣬿µ۹ˡ
Ԩü
̽𱦴ðͷļλ翵ġ¶ǿߡ
оЩ̽𱦴۹ˣʵ棬ѹµ۹Щˡ
ȻݼϽ۹Զϸ㣬ʵκһ
֮·ꡣ
ս̽𱦴۹ˣµ۹ˣѸٲ
Ҳѹ֣һƽս׵ӢΰӣΪս׵ӯգֺض
ǣ
ϽԪ꣬£ȵ
۹κ޽
ֿ죬ЦЦȻ̤
һأŷƷ
ÿһ£ŵ£㴫һը׺
̤
κ޽
Ȼɫһ֮Ͼ
Ʒ֮Уµ۹ĺܶˣκ޽Ժ󣬶ȻɫնΪ֮ء
ҩڵİݷݷ۾΢֡
ЦһҲƺܴ
Ԫһԭκӡ
κ޽̤Ҳµ۹ˣǲǻӭôƷ뷫Ժֳκ
ãǱģ
κ޽ȻƳһԪ꣬ȻЦݣȴ䣬κң۹Ļաҳߣһµ۹У
Ȼʦ
ԨЩ㵣ģૣκȻǳǸκҡ
۹κңǬ½ŵϺŵǿ壬κ䣬˵츳ھƬء
Դ½ͼ½ڶɣκңÿһκҳĺͯᱻص㶢š
κң׳š
һʱ֪кܶκҵˣ½Դ½ͼ½Ϊٮٮߡ
ֻǣκҵҲ൱֣һӼߣԴ½ͼ½УͼƲϵ
бͬκҵˣ໥ɱ
κŷ⣬Сʤ̭׼ˣһǿѡУԴ½ͼ½УҲˡ
һ飬쳣ļ塣
ڣ½ķˮϣҲչ۹ûʲôġ
ȻκǬ½Ǽпܺ۹¼ġ
κⲼףµ۹İ³ǸϮɱ³ǵһλүԪߣκＴǳκңǵĵؽˣҲҪǵĳΡҽк⣿
κҵˣֻǵˣûɱξ˰ɡ
κ޽ȻһЦд˵ãǽؼҵġκңһ츳ļ֮һΪһЩŤֻģҪͺⲾȥ
˵ţأҪȥˡ
Ʒ֮ϣµ۹ˣɫÿ
Ԫ궼ˣκͺⲾɱղҪκղһҪάµ۹ϡ
κ޽·ѹû㣬˵棬Ҫκߡ
κԪƺ󣬿񣬾ȻĮһ˿ײĿ־塣
ûļ
¡
Ȼ䣬Ԩ嵽κκ޽м䣬κﵲ
κ޽Ȼֵ˵ʲô
ڸʲôԨʡ
Ҵߡκ޽Ȼ˵
ֹߡԨ
κ޽ͷƺһûζûмźԨ˵ٴοƷڣߣԵԪ꣬ǰǵ۹ˣǲǲ̫״
Ԫɫ粻
㿴𣿡
κ޽ָ̧֣̽𱦴Щˣ֮أĹٴ˵أνǸˡκκҵˣֻǴȥûûŰ
һ൱ˣĲΪһЩᣬ±
ͣ룬ͻһ䣬ȵҲɣ
̽𱦴֮ϣоϸߵЩ۹ˣ֪ڷƷȤ£仰ԺһɹǿϢȻŷ
Ԫһ𣬺ԥ
ڣкܶµ۹ˣ˿̶УҲͬܵѹ
ѹԴ̽𱦴
Ϊ˿һܼڣŽǶȣǡ
׼һ֪ˣȻᵽϢϵëϸף˵ܺͲ
ܺأԪԥʱͻȻκˣղδ˼ҲˣҪɣ۰Ͱ͵ؿԪꡣ
Ԫ꿴һ·ϣһλλ۹Ķ֮ţԺʧ㰵̾Ϣţͷ
лκ޽̲أһ䣺ǰ۹СӶʢ
˵ţȥץκŵ
ҵġԨͻȻ֣һѿסκĲԪ˵µģá



ڶٰʮ ³ǣԨ
ûпκ޽ԨֻԪ꣬Լ̬ȡ
סκûп־壬ȻһԨ񣬻쳣Եĸм
ƺԨУҲùڱκ޽ĸߡ
ҡ
Ԫһſڣȴ֪˵Щʲô
һƽսףݵκ޽䡣
κԨУסԨ治һеغκ˲
ԹҪŵκء
κˡ
Ԩ˭ʲô飬һ֪
̽𱦴Ϸһλλ۹Ľʹߣӹ̬¶ݡ
һλɫۣ֮ߵӺݹ󸾣̽𱦴һ
ӺݻŮӣںڳ߸ںǿɣͣڸ߿գӵһֻ֣յƷ
۵ߣʧ
ɫ£ӿ˷ȻŨΪɡ
ÿһձãΪһɾ
·𱻿ǣããأΧŷƷζͷų񱩡ѪĿֲϢ
Ʒڣµ۹ߣֲܴؼ䣬ȡһ˿
ŹˣŰЦֻԪꡣ
Ԫһ£²˶ԷݣϲɷЦ
ǻʱһеľ֮ɫһ㶼ڲˣæǳԨСӣڸʲôκ
ԨκԣͰݷݷҲ𾪲ѡ
ôң
һµ۹ȨŴ˿Юκ۹κ޽ŵԨΪ֮𾪡
ǶǵһνӴԨǰֻ˵һЩĴ԰ˡ
Ԩˣ˵ڰ³߳Ϊ죬ܶȫӵ۹棬
ΪۼΪʵһ鴫
ֻǡ
ͥΪ۹ǿߣκ޽ֻǵӴľ
Ͻһ飬κõġ
ԨݳЦݣûΪΧƷƷζ־壬ҲûλȤĻˣȻֻǺԪ˵κǽҴðɣ
㣿𣿡ܱŭϽǰѾͷѾӦ۹κȥ
Ԩһս߷ڷϣ˵ʲô
ңŭЦδɵСӣΪ۹սʱ㻹ûгأҷңǹ֮һҩݣҩݶȥݼСȻҺ˵
κ޽µ۹Ԩ룬ˡ
Ԩڼ֮£ŭκﲱ
̧֣ԨֿЦЦȻ˵ʲộڳµ۹ߣҪᡣ
һƷĺܶˣٵ
ոջֳĬźչˣһ˵ԼȻκҹˣҪôȥȰԪ꣬ҪôȥȰԨ侲
ܣԨͱˣҲȻӦˡ
Ԩ㡭
ϽɬһЦҲΣ뵽ԷǿƣΪһκ˵ϣôֵãȰ˵˰ɣ֪ղСӣ½սսѡ
úõģѾްˣǴӴ˵ػȥѾȬˡ
ԪΪԨĺӸ棬ΪԨղ꣬Ϊղͷ
ҵġ
Ԩٴһ飬κ޽ܲڵͳӦڵ״Ӱɡ
ֹ״ӡҩڵİݷݷ״ϣȡһ֮ıġ
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Ǭ½ܶ콾Դ½ͼ½¼֮󣬴ֻŵӡ
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κ޽ֹ״ڵ״
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۹κҵκ޽ǰԶ󣬲ڵ۹ڲڣӦöӵߡ
Ԩ³ݼҵԨ𣿡
κ޽ٺһЦȻ˵˵ţ۹ʵҲȥ³ǿ
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仰ذڵƷĺܶ˶ˡ
Ҳڴ˿̣λӺݻģɫߵŮӣҲü΢üһ䣬³ǣԨ
·Ź֡
κʶңԨ
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˵κ޽ЦݲãκһҪߵġϵܣ֣ҽ۹Ǿˮˮκ޽ϣǷһ顣գȥ۹ҲãԴ½Ҳգܻҳʱ򡣡
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۸ڶκӣڵ״𵽷ƷԪ궼û̫һ³ǵСӺͺ
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ͻȻ䣬Ԩκ£ٿκ޽˵ͷ͵ؿ̽𱦴ϣλ˵
է
꣡
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κ޽ҲȻʧɫ
УһҾٹ֮̽𱦴ʱأʱСܵļҪѪ
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ΨԪ꣬ˣռʱǰϤУ
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ʼհŷƷ
ԨĮȻκӣذɡ
ججκ޽ãȻʧأʶصͷ
һ˲䣬Ȼ̽𱦴߶Ϥ˺Ԩκˡ



ڶٰʮ ͱˣ
κ޽ɫ
̽𱦴װ϶ڵâѤõˮ
֪֪̽𱦴ڲһٵ󷨣ʯȫת
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ֻһãʹӷƷڣ˲Ϣ̽𱦴֡
صλɫ۵󸾣ڱĴβɵĳ䲻˦
Լɼһϸߣڷɳһ׵磬ڴβռ֮
ɫأɢݳĿֲϢ̽𱦴ϵĺܶ۹ߣеš
һٷ˦䡣
̽𱦴ĸ٣ҲԻһתκ޽˵û°ɣ
̣û¡κ޽ڨЦһոգ
ոһλǿ飬ӦԨĻתռ䣬ӷƷ˹
κ޽Ȼɫתռ䣿
ţλʩչֶΣΪ¡ϸüëȻšϽȻԸ֪׼ȷλã֪Ǳδ
ԭˡκ޽˵ͷʾףл̡
³ǣԨǸޣƺ̫򵥡˵ǣκʱȻһڡںǱߣˣȥԪҪˡʱ˰ػԨҲΪ塣
κ޽Ҳա
жϣȻڰеˣԨĬվԨ󣬶ûʮգҲΪżս
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ݺƲƲ졣
޵δ򣬾Ǹո̤Դ½ڴ¡ضԴλκ޽һЦμںڣܴأĥ£׷ⲾҲޣȥԨ鷳˼
ôݺһм˵ܰԼˣ֤ԼļֵǸܰˡ
Ȼ廰ڣħ߸ϵЩһȣ˭ǿܣ
κ޽ݺԣسĬ

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һ𵴣ӽͱ˵κ޽Ȼ޼
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ΪΣָԨķܣذ
µ۹ˣ˼ţʲô
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ԨЩԹζȻʹλαزҴţǰװ׵ģ
⻰һڶһ
Ϊֻ꣬ԣǻָĳڣģֻԼԶԼرС
֪棬Ԩ̸ʲô
Ҳ֪ԭʼڰ
Ԩ֮䣬ĬıʲôȫȻ
Ͻκƽ⿪ȻȥɡԨûлشԪĻǳϿҵ˵۹ЩˣδػưոݣⲾľڡں£ɱǻ
Ԫԥ
÷ƷɡͻȻ
Ԫ꿴򷫴ϣµ۹ˣԨ˵۹ڳȻΣա
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Ԩصͷ
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Ԫ겻ټָ֣£Ʒ³Ϸ
ʩκϵ£
ԨɴأֱӽκҲ⿪ֱ˷ƷϽģһĺúõģ۹鷳
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󣬻ҪκԹԷϣӹһٰɡ
ȻȻ´
ҩڵİݷݷʱ򣬾ȻȹǣҲҪһ·Ʒ
׽㣬ͱˣ
صԨЦǸǾһҿɲϣߣһͬĵˣ



ڶٰʮ Ůʱ±Ӱӣ
κԺⲾһ£ǰݷݷ¶Ԫ겻֪
֪ԪδػὫκһŪϴ
ȻݷݷԼԨ㲻ԼƬء
ݷݷҪ´ƣȻһȻκＸɱң
ԨĬôĮأ
ҩڵˣµ۹ǻӭġԪʱشԲС㣬ǻµ۹ռ֪¡ؽӴ񱱷أأͱˡ
ݷݷҲΣ֪й¶κһ£ʧȥԨΣǿֻùϵǱȻȥʱҶڰ³ǼɡҺݼңе飬ȼүӡ
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ϣµ۹ߣҲɫ㵣֪ΪʲôҪðգԨȥ
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ڶΣ¾ûϴôˡ
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أԼ̬ȣֱԪꡣ
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ˣɫ£̤ЬֻԨ˽ʱŷһ䣬֮һڽС
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·ڵС䣬һֱжڱţ˺׺ԡ
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Ԩ˫Сĸڵ㣬ͻȻ
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κҡͷȻҲ֪
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ҪǸᣬԼݺ˵۹ӣ˺ӣпá
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ڶپʮ ƾ
飬룬ȻҰ֮ڡ
ݺ⻰һԨΪҲΪԼŪʯԼ˵ôκܡ
ǣͨڵ켶Լ顢ߡ
㶼˶٣Ԩȡ
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Ԩ㶰Σζ֪Ŀɲ١
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£ԤƵĺӺ㡣췳



ڶپʮ ؾ˵
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Ԩһˣεּ䣬˼Ʈɡ
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ҲΨڣħ㹻Ĳܽռ䴫
Դߴڣ½ĳħڡѪ֮࣬û
½Ǳߣħ⣬ں̻ͨᣬҲԼĿռ䴫Ǭ½Դ½
Ԩ֪ǰĹŻڣǿʢʱڣҲһռ䴫
ڹŻûռ䴫ԭͣˡ
ʱ꣬ھȻҲΪһңӵ˿ռ䴫
ңڵĿռ䴫󣬻ûŵء
ڡںڣ̫Ԩڣ˵ִûŵأǰ۹µ۹ռ䴫
ÿһδͣʵҪڣɲƵʯ
ǰҪۣݺϲɻǷǺڵйء
һռ䴫ڳھ˺ܴƣҲѹִô
ռ䴫󣬱λʦ̽ؾ֮ţʵûŵص֡
أ̲أħ飬Ρ
أмСܻͳСأԳɶռ䣬죬Ϊؾ
еؾȻγɣеؾԪǿƾմ졣
ɵؾΨѷԪ񣬲ʶķӴ
ٿռ䣬СأԪУ
ؾǴȻϲֱʡ
ûŵصؾؾǺؾԨ֪
ɵؾĻһȻӿ
˵ÿһؾ컹Ǻ죬Ѵģڡ
ǣδֵģ̲档
ؾֵ󼫴ǿ˽УͻΪǿŵľ޴Ƹ
ڣħжǵ˽ؾǾ޿̤ģڣŵĵӣ롣
ȡŻڣһԾߴ֮ףķѾûŵشһռ䴫ͼѵؾ
ڡڡ̫ԨںڣҲһ
ⲾľˣΧòҪֱӴɱˣģ
ĵ˲֧ڱ֮ʣȥѰؾ֮ţӶ¶˿Ȼ˳ϵأؾλȷ
ݺЯ߿ոûŵأҲǶ
߶֮أķΧݺƤӼ¡
ܣݺȥĵطԴ̽һֻǻûŪؾ֮ŵλãԼ
ڣĿǰֻݺһˣĵؾ֮¶Ǻܿͻִ
һؾ֮ţϵ̫Դ½ߴڶڳıˡ
ڣʱѵ֪Ϣ
ΪֻǴԣûʵǰֵͶྫ
½ħûеõϢ᲻ں棬ǰһ̽
ؾ֮ŵĴ˵λⲾ·ûŵأ͵ر˽㣬ҲԨЩ
ֲҪĿսݵ滨ݣδ
ΪϢأٳһƬƬҩԣһƵݼĿǰΪݼҵ춨ҩݴҵĻ
ؾ˵Щ滨ݣǻᡭ
뵽Щͷ۷ꡣ
иԼͥĽչֲЩϡҩݣԺһ浤Ѹپӿĵҩġ
Щҩݻû죬ܿͻᱩ¶ߴУǸϡ
ĽҰ룬ûŵأЩ˶ϣˣԼķݣ
ѡΪ˵ʺ˼˭֪λĵִΪһؾĴ˵ͻȻ˴֮ء
Ԩһջ𣬲̧ͷݺݵصһǿա
ݺµĵط룬녵ˣңԶȥͨ޴Ӹ֪
ݺۣǿʯߣ֪ʲô
Ψһ֪ǣ֣˿ԼһһݺƤӵ¡
ָоҲЩ̫ˬ
ʱܿ٣ʱҵεıһӺԭ
նԺ˼óʯɿʼС
һ˿˿Ƶµ
ʱ֮£תҫ֡ȡǿʯͨëϸףûŵڣϸ˿
ûŵص½̫ࡣ
½صֻǽΪң̫ʺͶأʵϣԶûŵء
еġҫ֡ɷħ½ڵʺͶء
Ҳʹã½صУ졣
Ȿʺڹ겻ûŵأʯãϡУ֪£ڻͥͻˡ
УҲɼꡣ
һѩӰ纮ҹȣƮȻ
Ԩ͵ؾѣʦˣ
ˣȻ½ģйһøĳ۹ʦܲԕF
ȻȻȻһȻǷ棬Цº͡
ּˡܲԕFЦ
Ԩҡ
ܲԕFҪ뺦֮ǰ½أѾˣ˵ôϻ
ʦˣҲͼǴ˵еؾԨȵ
ܲԕFҡҡͷҪλ
Ԩˣʶ
ܲԕFšһȻ˵Ҫҡ
ңԨָԼӡ
㡣ܲԕFԿ϶𸴣УֵЩҩݲ



ڶپʮ Ҫʵʵģ
ԨһĿЦ
ڳҩݣؾ˵ȻҪ˾֪ˡ
ô㣿
̾һԨӲͷƤѯʡ
Ҫæɱۣ۵΢Ϊ˳һ֣֮гɹԡ
ܲԕF˻ξޣǬ½ֿȵҪæĵط
Ԩ벻ס
Ǹؾ֮šܲԕF
һԨһʲô
ؾ֮ǰ¶ͰȫˡܲԕFΪͷҲáҲգλ۹ĵģǲûŵصؾͷ߼˪Ҫκ
ֻҪؾ֮λȷϢ˿ΧҪشҪЩˣͻϢġ
ҶؾûʲôȤҪúûš
ִ̫޿нؾ֮ŵķλ֪ˡأϣܹӸϣ鷳
λ۹ĹʦˣϿҡ
Һεºܣ԰ҵؾ֮ţԨɻ
λһͬȳСŮûŵʱȻΪԣǵ֮ĵͷߡܲԕF΢΢һЦţһأܱʶԽˡ
Ԩ۾΢
룬ⷽأȷʵܲԕFԣܱߵϤ̶ȣ³ˡ
ҲŴԣûŵشһδ֪̽ؾԨ
ܲԕFͷӦò١Ѳϵ伮ȵļأⷽ򣬱ϡ
Ԩһ˵Ϊؾ
šܲԕFƺΪȷţҲ²⣬δ֪ؾʼûŵص֪£ؾûŵصɣʱûŵأϡ
ԨĬ
ǰת֮·ʱΪ룬Ҳ̽
ʱʵᵽܶ಻Ծ
ûŵأҲӿ˲۹µ۹ܵߣвƫƧ֮أʵŨ
ֻǣЩŨǺ㶨ڹ̶򣬶ǲϱá
һ򣬿ܻŨȻգº󣬾ͻԷɢ
ٹһЩʱգֻὥӯ
еȻӿţ֪δ
Ϊһ֪֮·Ͼ׼û
ûϵ֮£Żڵλʦڴϸ̽춯Ѱԭ
ؾڣûŵصʹƶ񤡣
δ¶ؾȻ̲ŷκԨһؾڣ纣γɺܶ޽Ϊȼߵ龧ˡ
ܲԕF΢Ц龧ֻġؾڣȻ֮
Ԩ΢ʦˣĶؾûȤҪҰңҪλ
ܲԕFͳħڵĹϵ֮ǰ½أعǰܲԕF˵
˵ܲԕFܴħڡ
ڴˣûгħڵ˼
ħڣѪ̰ļ½ɣ˵Ҳδ֪ؾΡ
Ȼ֪ˣֵˣ
λڻǳ۹ʦǰԨһĿǰģƵˣһһд⡣
ڱ̷ɽȵǳ󶯾Ҳ֤ʵ˹ʦһı
ڵ÷ˣһ칬ӡ䣬ӽܲԕFѴȫʤ
һΣûŵҪԼæû˵ô򵥡
ʦˣҪҰæĻҡ
ԨһҲŤŤ󣬵ˣܵõʲôǧңֻܵõꡣ
ܲԕFݸһЦҵ꣬ѵ󣿡
ԨٺЦҡͷҪʵʵģ
СӡܲԕFָ֪۹˿ҵꣿ
ΪҴ½أƽµعҾ͵õˡԨ˵
ܲԕF㶣Ȼ΢΢ףСӴ
ǣԨʡ
ܲԕFȻ𪣡
ɫۣ߲Ӻݹ󸾣ȻЦŵүּˡ
ˣȻ̽𱦴ڣǿ𪡣
κ޽ĵҲԴ
ƺԪ˶ϵ֪
Ԩô벻λź۹κңżԨԴ󸾣ȻܲԕFʶ
ң񻹷ǳϤ
ǣԨ档
㡣ȻһЦѩףԕFʶ飬Ҳҵġ
Ԩʱһ˫Ŀ̲ʱܲԕF
ɵӣƳλİ¹ʦ൱кøУԨǰڶû
ƺԨ֪ϲܲԕFԨ˲׵Ĺϵ
ܲԕFڨڨЦΪΡ
ҶˡԨȻ֮ͷ
㶮ƨܲԕFЦãָ˵СҪʵʵĺô屾ڣûЯ̫
Ҫʲôʡ
ܾ磬һͥǰͦĵ裬ԨǸɴֱӣ⣬Ѱؾ֮š֮ҲҪѡȨ
θڲС죬ܲԕFܰﵽǣ
ȻܲԕFЦˣѾͷʵڱΣֻԼ֪ˡ
Ǻ鷳üǶͷϣܾò
ڱΣԨȻ
ĿԡܲԕFٴظһ䣬𪣬Ƕͻ
һӲӵʯͷȡЩ۵أ˹ȥɡ



ڶپʮ 
ʯͷ貣͸
Ԩӹʯͷǣֳأ΢΢
ϸ͸ʯͷڲİߵ㣬ɫǳ󣬱ӡʯͷС
ļʶδܿãȻ
ǲᣬǿʯͷֿ԰¹ʦԹԕFҪѰؾ֮ţʧеء
ֵŮӣ
ܲԕFгԲæСӣܰѰؾһȥȻᲹ㡣
𪽿ĵأһۣԹ֪ҪĲĲ
ӣܲԕF𻰶ˡ

һ̾ûмҪӦʲôŤͷһԨȻ˵С˹ʺ˶֪ļʶݼҵĳʶôҲ㣡
Ԩǿʯͷ̣ǿ磿
ͥУһأһ˺ߣڣ費ڻͥСء磬ȻȻؿͥڡʱһ
ʹ侫һһֵġͨߣξ󣬴˳̤뵽ڡ
ԽʾˣܾĴԽ࣬ΡΣܳš
ڣܾ˾Ŵεľÿһ羧˿һǱʮǾǿš

ͣ
ɫϣߣΪһҪѳ
ԵѪɲǼ䣬ɫӿ֡
ԨԾ
ΪظӦߣأǴǿ飬ʯͷ
Ҳ͵ʶɫ۵ߣװƷ
ѰѪͻ鲨˵ߣĺѪͻŤᣬʵʻ֡
ǰƷʱѼʶһ
ʵһ㣡
ߣ޳֣ͷأĴɫۡ
֣׼ȷڣߵͷ
ߣĴţһͷһͷȻɫʧƱĳڵؿռ䡣
ǰһͷľѪ֮ɡԨ󣬡ͷ൱ļ֣ǽ߸ŽնɱȻѪǣҲ߸ֶʳ֮ˡ
ͷһѪҲûд߸֮󣬱óɱͷʱ߸࣬սңǻ̶ͬȵĸˡԣǶζǳС
ƳΪ׼ġ
𪿴ǿ飬ԨսЩźĵ˵ˣˡ
ллԨץĽģЦʣʹã
ӵ֪еȻԴһͷľѪ״ɫʯͷ֮ˡ
ǱĺףѲɱ
նɱһͷ˵սǿ⣬˵ͷȻС
κ޽һ֣ͬ۹̽𱦴۹֮䣬ĬϵǷ
նĺúõģѹԪˣ˾塣
Ԩ㣬´ټ녣ԪǣҪúλ󸾣ʲôͷ
ʱµͥѨϴ֪
Ԩ۾Ȼһ
Ҫһԣ¹ʦȻü𪣬Ȼһط̫Ԩڵ˹ѾͷҲҪѰ
һ
һɲǣԨ硣
ɵһ½ߣ
һյ蹦ԨͷʵڽӽţֲսݵĺĵҲǱ֮
ľݣԲϷɴܡ
¹ʦһûͣϵļ両
ݺѳֵӸ£ܿ̽ϸ΢ҪʱڱҲ鷳ʵ㣬ͬӵţܹ޷졣
½һ֮Ƭʮٴɡ
ǿ֮Ƭ޼ģǵˣն֮Ľ
һ飬ʯڶȻλĽ⡣ʮ꣬Ҳδؾܽڣ˵Ľȫ
ʵϣΪ֮ǽĽ⡣
Ԩ½أܽ轣֮Ϸ컯أܺͳرڵĽ⻥ͨ˵˺ܶ⡣
꣬һɲôġ

۵糸ʱܲԕFĻΪԨ
Ԩܱ߾ɫĻͽжϡ
Լڱ̽Ѱ
ȥ˼ԭʱܺȻӦۣܿҲһԭ
۰򣬹ͷ֮ӡĽۣδĥ
֪ʵǴڵģֻĿǰݷ״̬
Ա۹ǽ꣬ѹȷпԣ
֪˶ãһ£ŵȻֹס
Ȼ;ط֣Ǹֲսݵĺĵͣµһ˲䣬֪ںС
󶨣ȻһЦںĵ
һʯȡһǱŷµͥѨϣȥʯڣ
һ쳣ϲö



 ŻĿս
µʯٶȣȻӿ屶
εľڲڶâתʱԷζ
âһƬƺضĹɣ
Ԩ֪;ǿһУ٣ʯڵɵͥ
ڴˡ
ûŵƶ񤵭ҲΪǿĴڣԽϸߵЧʣӿ
һ֣һʯ⣬ʯǣС
⣬ֻһöѡ
Ԩۣ˫һЦǺǵأлȻһ֣һͥĽҪĶࡣ
ҪǸԕFӣҲ᲻ýóƲ졣
ģںͰ¹ʦ
ܲԕFһ̾ȴȰο˵ֻҪҵؾ֮ţһжֵõġܺúûţԺʦǰ㣬ѺصƮȻǺ
ҵȻҲϣúõġ
̸ͨԨ֪λ۹ľԭз硣
ܲԕFһԣûзſֽţԾҫ֣Ԫ̩֮߾ܵȥ
صϵ빵ͨ
һʱܲԕFӦͬʱ˹
ɲʲô¹ʦݸһЦˣȻ֪λӦñڸ
𪶫չ
һɫڵߣȻһ֡
߹ɲãĻ֮ͷεشڷɳ˷ȥ죬ף̽춯
Ƭ̺ߵٿȻ£üţȵû
ľΪĻ֮Ȼûи֪쳣ûᵽڵĺۼ
ܲԕFȻ
㣿أ
ҡҡͷܲԕFҲС
ľˣⷽûŵأ飬ܹ֪
ڱʱܲԕFһ죬ݺѾͷܹ׽ԨϵΪԨ¶ˡһ޼䣬һĲ䣬˭Ҳ
졣
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ƽ޲ĺ棬˿˿޵ȻۣӿΪһš
СӰã֡
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ֺݣСԳ룬ںһ˫鶯ɷֻԨ
ԨһЦֳˡ
жů⣬üëһ䣬ıġ
ܲԕF𪣬һ̣Էǳ񣬿Ŵڵ룬𶯡
𪡣
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ȥնɱͷʱ߶û쳣
īɫ⣬ڵڣʡ˳
ΧųĹľԣƮһƬ򣬰ɫɴĻһס
īɫ⣬ںչһ޴ľӡ
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һöö˶ӿŻصڵ䡣
߼˪һλ쳣ߴɫ۸ȫŮӡ
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޹Ż磬Ͷ䣬䣬ʱ䷴¶
ڵķλռʱͣʱʱ輲軺
һ޴δٽȭ׵Сһģһըѡ
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ʱ绹ϾӲһǵĴ͸Ťռ䣬λλһöö˶ӰĴɵ
λǹŻţޡŻĿսľս˪ڡǿȻս档
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ܿĸ͸ǼⲼ׵״ܱ쳣Ƴ⡣
Ԩ粻㣬һṳ֮̂·ܶϸڿ
Ե̾Ҫûв´ӦǡŻĿսɣⷨΪڰԵŸֲķŻͽΪˡ
㾹Ȼ֪ŻĿս㵣Żû֮ΪԴ½ߴĩϯɽ·ĹŻĿս֪ˡСӣڰ³꣬ûȥ½ô֪ģ
ܲԕFǿǿѪĸ̫󡣡
Ԩͷǵģ˵ŻĿսѪͻһռ䣬ӣӰʱšԽУԽԽ󣬶ҲҪ
ʵߵѪǣΪ
ÿһʩչҲһκܴ˺Ѫ֮סʱյŤãһͻ˲ش
Ԩ֪
ͷ˪ںͺڵǿߣǲȡһġ֡
֪ⲾľеġŻĿս𡰺ġ֪ĳһ̣ͻȻͲ֧ˡ
֪Ļ治١ܲԕFϾһۺľԥһ£ңңһָһƬλÿ쳣
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һİģӦҲûŵصں¶
λˣ˪ڡǿߵս˲ʧ
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췱ȥֻһǳԡ
ȻǳݺԦڻٽźĵ
ԨǺ棬İĵطҪ֪룬Ҳ쳣
Ҫݺ¹ʦüɫţƲǣֻܿһƬã



һ 
ҹĻʾ
Ӳӵգأϸ
ճҹΪ۵ΣҲ۾
ٽʱĵԨƾҲƲС
棬ԻĺľܲԕFһָã¶һء
һսַ
ݻƴأԫϱڣһؽؾ޴ݹǣʯ
ԨһۣüұһкԻͨ
ѯ룬֪Ƿ쳣
ûŵأǱʦġ¹ʦĽӽݵ֮ԱŵأΪʦֺܶսɱĺۼҲ̽źܾúܾǰûŵڰ³ǰĺΰǳصġ
Ȼ۹µ۹ûⷽļء
ûŵڣɢɢߣصĸֻǣûûŵڣôǿ֯

ָţսַĺľżȻֵһأ㿴Щ޴ݹǣˡ
ʬԨͷ
ǴĹǺܲԕFȷһ£ǰ޴ǺζŲս壬ȻδΪصǰ壬壬޼ɣưǬ½
ûŵдǺսַпܡ
Ļûм˵
Ԩ룬˵ûŵشڵؾйأؾеԶˡ
Ҳ²ѡ¹ʦ΢Ц
Ҳڴ˿̣ݡ
ԨᣬܲԕF˵̽˵ȷ֮
ܲԕF𪣬۾Ȼһ
㹻͵İʱѴۿɼŸ˾޴ѹ
㲻ܲԕFüͷ˵һ䣬СѾͷٲʶȤʲôҪȥҾ
ԨͻȻеͷۡ
ݺкøУʱҲ̸
ڵãݺˣиΪ̸ҼпܲԕFǰݺĬ
ݺҲ֪룬á
ڡ
۹İ¹ʦǳħڣ𪣬һǿ׳
ݺڵˡ
ڣڡڡ̫ԨڣԴߴڣͬ顣
һǼ½һԴ½ûս˫ҲȻ
񣬻ؾǾ͸ˡ

Ϸ
ݺڣǿ۵ʯ
ͫΪһ壬ܸ·ĵԲʮһһľ
Ϳμɣӽ̫Ԩˡ
һЩǰûмܲ²ݺͷߡ
ƫƫĵããƸţͨȥôŪ塣
ڤڤУûŵصΪٿɱࡣ
ִ£ףпֲޣתСأ˺ĵĳֺͬȼС
֣
ĵ䣬⡭޷ݶ롣
̸һӣ³ǵǼһ伣ˡֹҿܱΨһľĵƫƫĵϵĿսݣйϵ
Ȼڣ

ããĺĵ
ʪŢڣһ֦䣬ϸܽ˿ƣȦȦŵĿսݣҷչ⣬âĵק
ãİƶֹˣһսݶչû
ͷ۷ԨƳһۣһսݡ
ͻȻ
ŻڣŻĿսսݣ硭
һһͷ㣬Ժ
͵һŭŰ¹ʦǰ֪Щҩݵͷ
ܲԕFȻֲ½֪Ҿͨ黭գΨֲľûʲôĵᡣ
ҲһĪСôˣ
˶Ԩɫ鲢á
ЩҩݣսݡԨȵ
սݣܲԕF룬ûսݡҩݣôͷĹŻĿսôһֵ֣
ǰҲˣսݺ͹ŻĿսѵʲôԨԴɣ
λⲾľԶɹûŵأԨˣǲαɿɬһЦǣתѪʩչŻĿսʱ֪ƬսݵĴڡ
˻һܲԕFʱӦ㲻˵֮ݼ򸽽֣Ϊôһĵĵпսݰɣ
ҲԨͷ
ɣ˼飬ݣֺֻеķƶѡΪЩ꣬ûгݣҪЯźⲾд沿£ƴˣ
ԨˣΪǣ֪Ƭսݣж󣡡
ж󣿡ص
ŻĿսı׶ˣǲܳսĳһٽ㣬Ȼ˲شԨ˼·ԽԽƬսݵĴڣһ̣ܷش
ڴˣƬҩȫȥٴνսһأ
ҿǶ̳ܲģҪСĵģͷ˪ںͺڵΧߣ
ƬأΪԼѡսҲڵȣ
Ԩһһٵأ˵һ˼Ĳ²⡣
©ܲԕFԵ軹е˽⣬ΪҩݹЧһ֪ͬˡ
ʲô
ڵȳʱսǹŻĿսģһɿֲķԨһջҲòһƬսݣܹǹɷΪãڶʱڣսһأ
ܲԕFȻһ𣬡ҲУ
ǿеġԨ˵ͷȻ˵ǹɷľͲôˡܾʹ˳߲ѣ㷴֮ûѪⱬѣΨлǱ档
һԨһ̾Ϊֹ˵һλⲾľʵѾΪԼı˺·
ؾ
ܲԕFȡ
跴սݣʱشɱ˪ڡڣийߣȻڼʱؾʹʧ
󣬻ʮȫʢǿ״̬̤ؾ
⣬ǺⲾı㣡



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һսݣΪμ
˿һȦȦƵݣϸ΢֮ϸëɫ
Ѫûɡ
Ǳںף첻˰ֽţʵΪŻĿս͡սݡһξڣϵ
ʩչŻĿս磬Ťʱգɱˡ
ͷ߼˪սʱѪһŵϸ죬עЩսݡ
һ꣬ԨֲںĵĿսݣٻҪ졣
Ĵ£ʮԨֲĿսݣʵڻȻ䣬ͿҪ졣
뵽ƣԨҲ
ɢѪЩսǰ졣ڡǿߵսһŷһҲڵȿսݳ졣ʱΣܳ©ȻͻṦһ񡣡
ڰ¹ʦע£ԨƲЩսݼ䣬׷
Щ֦䣬ɫƾĿսݣԨɫﻮƵĺܺãɹĿԼ󡣲λˣǲ˺ҴкֲĿսݣţһɨգе㲻°ɣ
ܲԕFĬ
ôʣԨ᲻Լ뷨
ԨȻһЦ΢һָʾ

ĺˮһӨȪӺɳ
ٲ㣬һȪЩսϷҷΪһƬˮĻսݺء
ˮĻԼɼʰ쵵Ŀ㡣
ſŹ㣬㶾ľ
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Ԩһ֣ɫãǲҵƾղ²⣬Ǿǡ𣬿սݵĴоҪȽֹ
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ԨźľؿһĻĻĻ棬ʱǰУʱˡ
λˣɫ۸ȫ˪սոհһƬӲӵģ޴
һ䣬Ƭ貵ۣ˪ؽ
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Сٱ˪Ѫɵһ̺ͷ˪ĳصѪܡ
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ĵĵߣ¹ʦܲԕFС󡱳ƺŵ𪣬Ԩһķӳ
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Ԩ𪣬ܲԕF
ܲԕFնӡ

ɺˮǣûŵصȻ̵ĺľܲסܲԕFĻһѡ
һľױѡ
ѵƬһ̯̯ˮĵ
¹ʦЦݿɬиһ䣬㣬ȻҶҪ
̧ͷʱϵĿɬЦݲõ˵ԨǶԵġһƬսݣɶ㿪۰ɣ
ԕFһ𣬡ϣ
˿¹ʦ˵ͷԨСӣȷʵûпۣ̥һöˣǶԵģͺⲾ֮ԳڴˣΪսڡշ˵սǬ½
пսܹǬ½Ǭ½ĿսݣͻԴ½ͼ½ģҪ졣
ҲǺ֮һ㣬ΨǬ½ڵģǰĿսݣġŻĿս
Դ½ͼ½ģЩսݣûЧ
ܲԕF죬ʱʼնԨ
ҩǬ½ġսݡ½кβͬ
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Ǭ½ֲҩݣһȻ졣Ԩ΢Ц㲻ҩ˵ٶ࣬Ҳᶮ
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ԨɫλŻڵѣҵĶһк򣬾ΪУĲԡ
ΪսȻû뵽֮ܲԕFæͣ˵Ǭ½ˣսΪûŵص죬ؾй¶ĶĿսݡ
Ȼ֪ˡԨһЦǰҪƬսݣ
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ͻȻŭָеĲô㲻֪һƬսݣѵ
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ܸѸ㡣ԨЦЦ
һ䣬һˣȰ֡
𪿴һ£Ʋ֣˵Ҿ֪
λ
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Ϸݺſ˰ΣֻƼԨһˣվڵϣЩҩ֮С
ԨЦ֡
ݺ˺ðΡ
һζϸһںĵкڣûпʲôҲûи֪ˡ
ԥһӣݺЩСĵأϽ䡣
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ٿһأݺͿżɽҽ㶪ڵĵط̫ԨڵЩУ֪ʶġ
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ԦȻ˲ϢԨûô죬ִģ
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ԨȻһЦƬĵ˽ءúΧƬĵһʢ硣أϿɵˣǰϵ
һʢ磿ݺʱ֪ʲôطͳһڻӣСһˮ档
ˮʪֽҲһ£ֳ
˵ԨЩսֲôǸССŮأϿġ
ԨЦЦϵÿսݣ֪սݵУλⲾľˣе
ŻĿսǽҪȷݺ岻սݡǡŻĿսܡ
ֻ֪սҩġݺλˣ֪ǹŻڵͽģ޴֪ˡ
һԨ͵ˡݺʼһûһġ
κκ޽ץȥˡݺͻȻ
ԨһҵЩˣûд󰭣
֣ܲԕF˻ʱݺȻܸأӶƼܶ顣
ģǶԹԷˡݺ˵Ķ
Ԥе鲻ڣκ޽̽𱦴ٴιҵ녵ˣҪκߡ
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֪УټԨߺκﲻ֪ʲôߵõʲô֤ȻԹԵأ̽𱦴
ݺĻԨһ˼⣬κﲻżԾҪôǺⲾı֤Ҫô
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ݺԣȫӲпǡ
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䣡
һ춯صľ죬Զս
ͼһưܵӰ㼲
еԨݳЦݣҲˡ



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Ⲿľˣ磬ƻưϼ
֮һͷ˪׷ᡣ
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ָ׸ǰСĺⲼ飬λϣ䡣
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˪ۣ˸ŵı䡢˷ܹâȼյıڰգԵ쳣ˡ
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۹κ޽ڵۣȻվڴס
ۣһ绯ĵ磬ܡ
κϵܣûŵأͽؾҵҸˡ΢Цţ˵κϵǴ۹ڣ
κ޽վŵĺܶߣŴԣʶ
Щߣ۹ˣûйϸ
κ޽Ϊκˣ۹ӵܣƫƫ״Ȼں۹ã漰ؾ
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Ϊ۹ң֪ؾΪ۹룬Ψţвϲ˼Ҫ¡
κ޽ӶǳϿҵ˵磬ڵڣԴ½ŵǿߣûŵطĺܡûŵأ۹µ۹ڴ˱ؾ۹ҲûȨȥʳ
۹κ޽Դ½ߴڣ޿۹һ
ҪǴ۹κң۶˵ʲô
Ҳ֪ͼıûŵصؾһˡ
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ɾڣֲĵֻ̣ߴڡ
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˹ȣƾʲôҺţȥؾ

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һֱһƣȻͷŶ
΢΢һЦףͷּˡ
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еĺⲾսʿ͵վ𣬽ųìǹ
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룬ԨԱߵģһĿսݡ
ԨͻȻһЦΪ׵ĺⲾ׳ͷ
ϢҵܰĽʿµӥ顣
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µ۹ռҵμ죬ʱ򣬿źĵڵԨȻ˼ΪıŤС
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ʱԨͷ컯ϣܵûص裬²
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ڣһԨٴι
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£۾쳣ƽ
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Ԩ΢Цţ⡣
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һƬƣһ˶ҲȺִ
Զ̽𱦴ҲںХ
аصģߣμɰߴӵܣѭ绯ĺ⣬ƴ



 
ˣźĵϣǵСŮˡ
кܶˣ֪ⲾľȻôһλŮӡ
ĺⲼףʵΪʩչһ¹ŻڵǼܱһʹչֳҪȳӿŶ͡
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Ԩɫ㵣֪طⷢˣȿȣǸǰ
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ǳıôãսôãҪҲ

̽𱦴ڷŶܹ˪һƬƣһ໺ͣס
κ޽ˣȻվڴͷ̽ͷ̽Եš
˲ûнֻǳƣһ
˪ǲûӦеأӶ
ںڵˣǺʿԴ½ܵϴȻԽС
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󣬾ȵĿ⣬˺ĵڣһԨݺϡ
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ڵˣԦҪ硣
ѹ벻򡰹ŻĿսشλԶľˣںĵ֡
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ԣ̫ԨڵȪüһȻ۾ؾ֮ţĪɾںĵ
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ڵμڵɣӵܣҲΧ˹
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仰һܶ˵ɫˡ
졢̫ԨڵȪμɣ̽𱦴ϵˣԻɫ졣
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鷳һһκ޽ô˵еͷڰ³ǣҺеֶΡ
ȻʧЦ³ǣ
ԨҲЦˣڣ
ɫһ
ԨЦ̽𱦴˹ָͷ
˵仰գգ۾
·ҪԸɱۡ



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ұڴˣȻ٣Ҳ֪Եɡݺ죬̫ӣϵƬƣΪĹͣλǰܸ֪ܿġ
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ŵĹͻΪ͵Ǵ
Ǵ֮¶ڵһλˡ
ݿ£ݣۿݣǼߣһͷϵӥͫӲһĸ̬߰
ΪͲڲں籩
ȥᷢͲϺСأڲѩۣб׹ȡ
ڣ誡
ڣī⡣
λξޣǿɫԺ󣬷׷¶ݣǿɫƣԼ
Űɫ컢ݵƣδǰȻܽڣӦ쳣Ϣȴûء
ңǰ˪û˵ʱǶͬˡ
ͬİ˪ȥ֤ܽʵĲ²⡣
ܽĽǿɫͳǰ濴ˣͲװ֪ˡ
ɫ컢ĺƵܱӣ
ļǺӣ͸ıտ޺;Ϣﵽξˣ֪ǷǺͷں֮⣬صһƬǿա
ɫ컢ΪǧͷΨһ½񣬱Դ½νͳߣҪӦеء
誺ͽī⣬Χ磬Ͱ˪ʱưͷ¶β
¶棬˾ǵļ͵Ƚףڳʱ
ɣֻǿǿӡŰɫ컢ƣȷϺ󣬶ѡڵһʱ䣬ڱεʵòƣȥ¶ݡ
ʾ
֮ˣΪ誺ͽīⶼ֪ﵽʮźεȿֲ
Ǻͷɫ컢ܽܽеɫƣߵϸ΢
ڣȻһΣѪ
һѪڣɫƾܳΪۣĸ֪ԽռĽޣӶ
һѪ΢أͨ
ԺΪģɢŵһڸߣĿࡣ
ˣŷƷڣǿ鱻ܽץУ߸ɫơ
ںͺڣλξ޵¶棬ɫƵʻǰˣҲ
̽𱦴ڣ۹Ϊ״ӵκ޽ɫѿ˼㡣
īԱʱƳһۡ
κ޽ᣬεأ̧һ³ơ
̽𱦴¡¡أһء
Ʒһء
ɫƴͷ컢ƣ
̽𱦴¶ʱڷƷ֮ϣ
пЦţκ޽˸Ĵκ
Щʼλã֮Ѫ£᲻ᱻͷɫ컢֪
֪
һ뵽κ޽Ͳڡ
նɱ۵ԨȻ͵õ֪ᣬ֪ܽ£ĿǿɫƣҲȵԸӡ
½عܽĸףԶΪƿܳƿо˲²⡣
ģԼҵºֻ̨Ǽ½ĳλĴ
ڼ½ڶУȻһͳǿһ
֮⣬ͬҲжضУԸܹĴң˻ġ
ԨΪԼǺĴӴ
ûϵܽʵģȻڣλ½񡪡ɫ컢
һʱӴܶ࣬ûۼͷ컢
ͷ컢Ŀֲսȴ̫̫֪࣬ûнʱͷ컢ͽս⡣
ͷ컢еģħ뢴ɣ֪
ңͷɫ컢һվǿգ̾ţػҵС
ںͺڣӦҲ֪֪ͷɫ컢飬ػأе͸
Ԩ誺ͽī⡣
˿ǿɫƣԱȴһɫˡ
λξĴޣƺõʲô֤ȷͷɫ컢ûŵصΪȤ
īĿ⣬ǿɫջأ԰˪ͲҪȥ³ˡ
߼˪ձɫ۸ǣݡ
΢΢ͷšһ¡
ʵҪīѣȷǿɫڰɫ컢;Բǰ³ǣȥѰԼҵĳ
ʱͬգҫڵ壬ǲ
˪ģѪκûбɫ컢ϣûб¶
κȻδġ
ĳޣԶԶͷ½İɫ컢Ϊ˲ᣬ˵Ըա
Ͼɫ컢û룬ǳıѡ
мλԶĴǽ壬̳ף
ܽһЦȻǿӡŰɫ컢ƣ뵽½ڡ
֪ΪΣڳǿߣһɣгصĵӣǵʶȥ
ԨҲ΢
ۼͻ꽥ҺͻسصףСռϵظӦʲôڣѪڣȻš
ʮռ䣬Ǻǿɫƣ΢أ
һԨҲȻ⣬ʶأΪ۷Ŀֲڣӵźεͨ쳹صֶΣźεȿŵͨ
ףڶʯͷеģһ鲻۵Ķʯڡ
飬Ͱ¹ʦʶһۡ

һ±ӣⷽݴСأͷ컢Ƽʲôϡ棿ֵʲôҺһˣҲװġ
¹ʦܽȡʱ֪֮أѱ¶



һʮ ģչҪ
λ컢ͨΪۣʲô
ܲԕFΨһĵǣ誺ͽīˣɫ컢ͨʱλû͸¶ʲôѶϢ
СأǵĴڣǱ¶ıͻṦһ
һݣλϾҲԷĵ㡣
תһ룬¹ʦͻȻʵҪ磬κߣ֪ԼѾͷҪ
ȣҲ֪Ѿͷλ컢ʵ˵
ܲԕF˵ͷô˵Ǳκ
ͷ磬ҵѡѣҹʲôףֵأһۣȻŵκȻλѪǡɵ֪۹°ߣ
κ֪͵ϵܲԕFʡ
ҡͷ
ܲԕFɫȻһ䣬ȣˣ

ĵС
һսڵģλ۹ľˣ͵һ
һ쳣Ե޴䡣
ǶĵСС죬Ȼ׹֣
һȦȦǵأĵ
Ѫӿ
ƽ޲ĺ棬еĿˮ
ͽСľˣһƤ㣬Ȼ
ѨϣͻȻ䣬ӯ˲֪ԴԺδĹ
Ƭռݣʱٻͣˡ
ÿһˣʱ򣬶ޱȱŤĸо
ˣǰ·һʱա
꣡
һϸҫѰУھմͻأ֡
꣡꣡
Ȼ󣬱ǸУһһ
ԨһۣϳУ˺ѵĿռ϶
أܺͨأпռ䴫ʱƵĿռ϶
еĿռ϶ϸ絶УеĿˣڲޣ˲ɢĿֲ
磬еġŻĿսµķǰ¿ռ˺ѡ
ɫ£ڵĽī⣬ڵ誣İ˪Ȼȫעһ˲Ƶأ硣
һϸֵܶģаĿռ϶ȡ
ĶʦǹŻһλСŻĿսߣֽ֮ˣܶ쳣Ŀռ䶯ĸӦ
ǶԲ²⣬һʦûŵڣᵽֵĿռ𶯡
Ӷ϶ûŵشؾ֮ţҵ˽ķʽ
û뵽Ȼô졭
ߵԨλˣԻ䣬Ҳݡ
˶磬һ꣬б磬ЩⲾѪĿսݡ
ע⵽ֲԱߵݣЩռ϶ԻҲ䡣
һĿսݣʵڼȡţɢݵ
һսݣƲһаĿռ϶Ӵս˲䱻Ϊĩռ϶
类ռ϶˳Ƶ롣
ϸĿռ϶أԽԽ
˫۵磬һսݣ촷ռ϶϶˺ѵһȻĶˡ
֤ˣģܹǬ½Ŀսݣȷʵܰ
ڴ֮ǰûгԹ
Ǭ½ĿսݣеġŻĿսڵǣ֪ٵʦ֪ġ
ʦ˵У˵ܹսͶķսһ¥
ʼհŰɡ
ΪʦԼ˵ⷬʱ˵⡣
ǣʦԼҲˣʦҲûԹ
ûԹ֪У
Ȼһ̣ȡѪ;д֮õһսݣΪ촷һռ϶˵
Խ˺ԽԽԽĿռ϶˲
ӡڿսݵѪ;ǣһռ϶ݵļϡ
˵˺ѵĿռ϶ĳУ
йɾǰûƵĸоЩӰ죬ֿռ϶󣬱ЩСĿռ϶΢֮ѨϺѪ⡣
ʹ˲ش
ƽһΣȻط֣ЩֵĿռ϶ûвǴ
ҪĶشųѨϺѪĥشΪã
κ˶֪Щ˺ѵĿռ϶̲Ŷôµɱ
簵һۡ
һˣͷ˪ǻξڡڴޣԨȻ˵ͷ
սݣԨֲһ
Ԩ֪ЩսݣеġŻĿսศ
ңڻϤһкûƻļƻڣҪ֮ˣͳͳŪ˹
ԨλԹŻڵĴĴмġ
ԨƤ䶯ȴûпڡ
˵Ҳˣɱ
һ£һεͷ

δ˿һС񣬴ͷƮɳ
ҲⲼ׵̬ݲɼ
֪ܲ˷Ҫݣ
ڵμһ壬ΪϤд㣬æߺ
ݣ
һ˺ѵģλεĿռ϶籾ڷߡ
һն¡
΢ڣһ֮ңμͻһΪûһѪ硣
бŷΪص壬Ѫ类ռܹţһ㲻䡣
Сģ
̽𱦴Ϸ۹κ޽ȻУǰЩγɵĿռ϶䲻ȶ˭ܲնɱ
ԨЦ
κ޽ȻΪμֻ⡣



һʮ Ѵ
Էռ϶κ޽ʱת
ݣݣ
μĺǻģλڵӣλ΢ڵɣһλڵӣ˲䱻ռ϶˺Ϊһؽ顣
֮£
ֻ̤뵽񾳣󣬻ϣͿܡ
μɣλڡڵĵӣ屻նΪأѾ͸ˡ
һ˿ϣ
ԨǣݳһƹŹЦݣԶԶһۡ
˷ܵģսȭͷ⼤
ڳʱģǺڵμ
ΪⱲӶμֻμμľԽԽߣ뵽񾳣ںڻ
ã
ڣΪеμһˣ
ݣ
նɱμɵռ϶ûͣЪЩ߾ۼ֮طȥ
еߣȫ񣬼ɹ
ҹУںͺڵλδޣɫء
μɵ˵ûҽī誵ľǶžǡ
ǰĻξߣԴμһ࣬ûн׵ͬţʵû̫ӡ
ûڡǱߣǱԵ
Ͼμڣֲݺ㾪žޣֻҪ;زۣעҪ̳֮Ĺؼ
ˣЩ˼ͬţҲˡ
ī誣ֻ񣬰н䱸ţҪʩط񣬲ܹضߡ
ʵ壬ҲǵԤС
ڴҲһ̣
壬ζѾ֪Ǿ֪ܡŻĿսķɣͶ·ˣҪȫҡ
һܸҪؾɣ
ͬϣ߼˪ۣһռ϶Щ߼߮ţе
μߣ᲻̫ɣ
ͣ
һλεĿռ϶ΪһС
ռ϶ԣһһ¡
λεĿռ϶ʹԱߣ˲˳ȥͻȻնκ޽ڵ̽𱦴

쿪
κ޽۹ļ壬СУɫ԰ֽ
䣬ʹͷκɫ򾲴ݡ
ڴš
Ŀռ϶һ޴ĹУն̽𱦴
һң۹ķѾʴķǼ䣬⣡
һ㣬ճˮĹâұ
һһԿڴȹУ׷׿
̽𱦴ҹУų˸еĿĽɫԣܿʮ츴ӵͼһһֳ͸Ρ£ַϢ
ǿռ϶նʱеȹͼԿ̽â籡ֽ
˲䱻˺ѿ
꣡
ʮֽɾǧɵĴ壬ǿռ϶и
۹̽𱦴ʹˣڿн壡
Щͼдնѵʱκ޽ʹϵˣݡ
ͷû˹˵κ
ڽκŴ屻ռ϶иţһ
λεĹУٽʱ򣬺ص˽Ƕȡ
ռ϶ʹǰ׻ҵ۹ΪķиΪһ飬䡣
κһ⣬ˣɵƯ
̽𱦴ķ˹⣬ĲƸҷ
ŵ۹ٹ̽𱦴Ľ£Ⲿľ˴ݻ٣ʱı֮࣬һйڡ
ȻЦ⣬һѵĴ壬³ȥ
ǲء
ԯֻĸпԨ
使ĵġѪ֪ʱվԡ
촽ţһ˫ǵɲڵ⡣
Ԩʡ
ڵۣšĽףûԨ֣ռ϶ʧʱ;ɱԨ˼
ֻŪ״ֻ뾡ܵأԶЩҪĿռ϶
ԯȻʱһ£ĺˡ
ʼģλ³ǵĳˣԨɱ֡
˿̾ƻңĹܣƫƫڵǰţΪռ䴫֣ȲʤȯûмŲ͡
û˻Ľڹؼʱ̵ӣĲҲ
һ뿪ԯ˵һ仰ԨȻЦ
㿴ǳ˵ĸͽôһҪµӣָۣԨԯ㣬ûŵصĹطûؾڣУؾҪˣ
ԯһ£ѹҲ֪ؾ
ԨЦŵͷ
ɱ
Ҳڴ˿̣λⲾܣһȡ
ź޵ģһλλⲾĽʿͻȻïܵĹľԣȥնɱԶ֪İߡ
˭Ԩ
ڡ֮⣬һЩͬ˵ִĻ졣ԯشһ䣬һ˲ƵأĵڣǸ磬ûʲôϵ
زʶϹ롣Ԩ
ݣ
󸻯һ⣬ҲһվԻӵĿ⣬



һʮ ɱ
ϸҫĿռ϶罻֯磬˷ߡ
ѵĿռ϶ȻûһСѪǣɢε
ⲻˣԡŻĿս֪
һ꣬ǰĿսݣԻ촷ĩ
ֻǣע⵽Ϊ촷ۡĩĿսݣѿռ϶ʱֱΪСľ
㾧͸解̺žѪ
ŻʢʱԳģǶصǶ֮
Ϊߴ֮ףһźڽаʸ񡣹Ż̵ģܹħǿ󷨾
ʢģǡŻĿս˷棬ħ񡢴̾
еģѱΪġŻĿս
ÿһѪԷƣε̲͸
Ѫ֮Уӡ⣬ӴܣʹÿһξѪħѪ֮
Ѫռ϶ΪõĿռ϶ı۰ָͷ
ãϸ΢صǶȣɱ˭ȥɱ˭

ռ϶УĴո
ߣ̽𱦴ݵģһλλ۹ߣڡڵǱͣΪ¾ĸ
ʱһѤùâһѵʬס
һͷ֮أֹ
ΪڵĿռ϶ͱ࣬֯һŹ
˺ѵĿռ϶ɣҫӡ
ѰĿռЩ϶͸øڽӽߣͷŻдߣ׷׿ʼļ¡
վںߵԨ̬д⡣
ⳡ𣬰бͰ¹ʦѪʢ磬ȻѾʽĺܶ飬ͲҪġ
һһңֱµ۹Ů˫ڡ
λڵ۹øʢӴѵŮӣԣ
ı֣ʵ̫ڷ
ԯ󸣬йĽӴǳϤ
ԨΪֹ͸¶ţ˿̷ŵĹ䶯ǲߣҲ֪ߵף
ЩҪĿռ϶
ԯ˰Σһζ΢ģҵķɶ
⻰һµ۹ŮҲ򣺡ƿǣ
ɲǼ䣬лڰеȴҲǰڴˣ
磡
Ϊ˪ͷ˪ŭٴλָ
ۿţһλλͬߣռ϶ն𣬰˪ŭ
ߺһĹϵ
ϢھƿʱƾϢߵĻѪߴѪ⡣
еķ塣
ͬģߵľҲܷ塣
԰˪ΪЩУܳ񣬻ξѪӿƶǿѪ
壬иǿʢĹ죬ڶǱʱһµĵ·
ߣ˵ƣѪ
ɱЩߣһѡķϢѪϢͻӡĺۼ
ЩߣûüûǿѪͱɱһ
ƾãԼѡµҲҪٴϢѪӰȥ
µһߣҪﵽЩȥߵĸ߶ȣҪȥٰ깦
һһĿȥ
һδӻ߼Ѫʱƽף
һ˻󣬰˪һ˦λƬƬӲӵۣźĵ磬³һں˪
˪ֱµĿɫٲɫѪ𣬾ӡѪͨ
ںͺڵλδޣҲڴ˿̣Ȼݡ
˪
ţһϢ˪ڣ˪Ѫͨ
˪ٲʱвߣѪ⣬дδɢصĻԱһں˪
Ӱ˷ĽǣɳһɫѪ⣬һƻҰĻߡ
ǿ龧ɫٲ֮ʣͷĿռ䣬ҲһӲᡣ
񣬻ͣȻ˪ơ
ֻһǡ
ŵĽС壬۾û־һȭ
ȭͷ죡
һһһѪĹ
Ȼ;໥֯ţΪһɡ
һ类䴩
˪³ϢڵѪͨǿڿɫٲӲĴ䡣
ͬʱ񣬳ƶǿռ϶֯ҫ˪
һ̣˶ȷϣƿЩֲĿռ϶
գɱ
׵磬ӰǴ˲ϢɽԶʱ߳ѳž޴˪
˪ǽ׳ģɫԵһ󣬾޴
ǧʱ⣬ǧѪҹûɫۣɲǣͷ׷ըѡ
ǿռ϶֯ľڣŤŵİ˪ѣѪ䡣
ͷ߼˪ʱֻһ棬ڣͻײŪıˣֻǼˡ
ī誣λںͺڵɫ쳣ء
ƿſռ϶磬õϢԡŻĿսʶȻͬ
磬ܷɣӣ
սһ¥
ܺã
ԨƴЦ
һεѪһ⣬˺У˲ûӰ
֪Ǳںڵ룬ʩ֮£ͷ߼ÿһѪÿһ⣬ﾡá
һͷ߼ǱڣҩʱѪǡ
Ԩ˵ʵ֣µ۹վıߣʵ



һʮ 
Χƺսݱؽţÿһ̶
ͬΪԴ½ߴ֮һ̫Ԩڣһࡣ
Ĵ߮ţնɱߵռ϶гɱȥĺⲾսʿܹ̫ԨڣȪһ˵ȡ
ŵȪڴ䷢ʱô㵲⡣
׵һɳ죬ܵĹȥɱͷ߼ʱȫˡ
ݺύ֯ƥЩռ϶ܱƿأ
һͬСɣȪҲ
ܿͷ֣̫Ԩڵߣûܹ
Ȫ㶣˲׹ҪЩ̫ͬԨڶڵӣ

һע
Ϊµ۹ռһƶߵ죬˿һɻ󣬡ô
㿴Ԩô˵
һֱע⡣ͷڵݺӴˣǰšⳡ䣬ԨҲǲߡ
۾һĺ͸ѽ
̾һ˵½ʱҺӴ½أôһӡ
ʲôӣ̫ԨڵȪŮ̸̲סһ䡣
ԥʵʵ˵޷졣
޷죿ȪȻ
ȥԨǱߡȻ˾ûʲôɣҾǾãһ㣬ȫ
Ȼͷˡ
ȻͼǸأ̫ԨڵȪ֮һ·СţԨǱߡ
ͬʱ
ڷƷղܽɸ߿պȻ£ܹ߮Ŀռ϶Ҳ㣬Ԩ
Ԩ
Ȼ󣬾ͼ۹κһХҲѰ˹
ܿ죬Ԩ֮أ녣ԯ󸣬ղκͬ۹ͬӪˡ
Щˣе˽ԨеĲϤ
𣬾Ʋ£ǶѡԨһ顣
Ʒϡ
ҵķܣ³ǣݼҵһСүεºܣԾӿ˶ĺܣ
ԪҲ֪
Ϸµ۹ȨʿЩǰֻԨĴԣֻûŵأǰ
ǵļ壬Ͱ³ûûʲôԨԴ
ҺͷңݼʩѹʱǵļԹۣ侮ʯ
һ̣ݲԨ£ǺȻһؽӰݼδľ
˪
ԨɫĮֿҹ£ںͺڵλδޣλǰҲѡ
ôܣɷס
һͼԨŵأ˵ôһ
𾪵Ըӡ

ƺΪӡ֤Ԩͷ֯Ŀռ϶˪εѪ⣬䡣
˪໺ӯű;ʹХ֪ӡ
˿Ľ䣬ѡ֮ϢѪȦߣĺⲾʿһһҵնɱ
ԶģǱѸݵĿռ϶Ѱķѡ
Ϊ˪ͷ˪ܿͱ磬ƿŽ֯Ŀռ϶˺Ƭ
Ѫ⣬գӰĪʧ
Ŀռ𵴣ӺףȻ
īλξĴޣ粶ɱ˪ʱҪЭȴһ¡
Ѱؾ֮ôҪؾ֮ųѪ
˻ֻڽī誵ʶ
λؾĻδޣ仰ѡ񾲹ۣŰ˪˺Ѷ
ΪǶӦڣȷʵĿռ䲨
磬ûŵԸǧˣѡǺСţλߣǸ
ףһϡѰĶʯ
ͨСص飬ǣһ⡣
һĻں£ĺˮһΪ
ʹãߣҲڵĶ򣬿ס
۾еģ峺׵ĺĻ谵ڲӿ쳣ռ䲨
ĺףţһ⣬һεɫԲѪ
̤ǿʯվںףʩչЭʼ⡢Ѫڣ˪ľꡣ
˪ѪطѪĲл꣬İ
ֻһƷ˿㾧ɫÿһѪÿһڷɳӰ㣬֯һ
ãģͶһ
߼꣡
ֺ£С
أһЩѪд⡣
ʱһߡ
֪ˣֻȡҪġʶȤأȱ̬ȣ˵ԨǼһڰЭԺûŵشпΪǲ֪ûŵشؾȥ̷ɽ˹
仰һڶʯڲСص𪣬ȵؿ¹ʦ
ܲԕFü㻹˵ѾͷǱŪġȻһţûŵصؾǿᡣ
ʼǲԼԨƵС



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ԭĴɻ󣬲⡣
ۿŸܡŻĿսɵ磬ûش֧ԸǿԵ̬նԨ˼
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ǿʯͷԨ֮ӳ
Ԩ࣬µ۹λŮӣһ䣬һ欣ǼΪŮˡ
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ڵ죬̬СȴΡɽħɺľˣʹţ˯ѡ
ȱʧʵܷȫս
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ÿһḥ̂תգתʱ⣬Ե
ۣ
ԨûڣСصĻܣʹ˫ҫ
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ϸ֮Ԩ֪ڶĻڡŻĿս֮£ĬĬȡڶδ֪Ǻܺչֳ˰ԵĴֲ

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ԯ󸣬녵ȵˣȻԨĻ
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·ϴǶռһƬռ䡣
ǣԨʳؿ£ٴιע˵ƺƵͥ
ٴȥϴôܶʼһһ顣
ȴʱŵԨŻͥСأ·Ŀռ䣬ԽԽľš
ôƺ˺ܾúܾãƺֻһСᡣ
ǡҫ֡£֮׵ռ·ռ䡣
ı仯ʹ˷
мޣܸ֪ͷڲͥСأصĽޣϴǿп٣
·ĻͥСأһҫ֡ϴעǳˮ
ˮȫע˳ʱгˮˮȻ硣
ȻǳǴˣ
֣Ԩǳֱ۵ؿԭνĻͥνġ١ͥôһˡ
ÿһߣͥСصĴС
ͥµһܿͥĹȶ϶츳
Ŀ٣ֻڻͥʱŽͥСصĴС¿
ǶԻͥСصĶθ졣
ԭԨͥСصĶθ죬Ŀ٣ʲôһ
ףֻھһӯȻȻػܣûͥСеؿ졣
˽㣬С
Ϲעµҫ֡ϴע·ռ䣬ŻͥСء
ͥСأ类򣬲ϵعš
һӣһֵƺڽڲСأǴ˿
֪˶õԺأȻ˹ˡ
һֱģãã쳣Ҳɲʧ
˲عʵ
һĿ⣬׷ϣ̽
е۹ȵûˣǾͷ졣
ҹգǳȻڡڵĻδޣ֪٣֪
ң˶ããȻ
Ҳʹʱ̫ԨڵȪڣ΢Ц˵ݼҵСӣĻͥСأ
⻰һ˶˾
ոһѡԨ̹ϡ
ȪЩʧһʲô
ʲôԨԯλⲾľأںڵˣδ
ںͺڵλδޣӦöˡԯ
ԨҪϸʣ¹ʦӺݵһ˦ǣȥŵѰؾ



ٶʮһ 쵺
䣡
һ죬С
Ƕڵĵ죬ն
죬类ǿСγ˺棬ͷ
Ưڿеĵ죬ײ˿ſѩʯ飬׶۰ɫ죬⵺ѡ
ɫɢģȻͷ߼˪Ϣ
ƺҲû֮ѪˮԺʵ
ϣŨ
̫ԨڵȪλ粻տߣŸڰյȻɫ
磬Ľ֮أ
λȥĵΪĪ춯
ȪӦյĺУϢĿֲܡ
Ԩ졣
ĺģ룬¹ʦ𪣬С
λʱأĺٹ
Ưڿյĺʵ½ع󣬱Ȼˡ
ûŵأవ綾עУ˽أΪá
˰˪߼Ѫ⣬Ѫļӳ֣ɱ䣬ܱնС
ڴʮ꣬ʯ˺ȻԶԶ
һĳΣʵѾˡջµģ붯ûŵصĺƵϴһܽΪ켶
Ϸˣ
ûʲôڸеİ䣬䲻أðһ仰
һƮȻ䡣
īɫƣڲ͡죬ɢ˻ڵĿֲζ
ƮķλԨվ֮ء
ȪˣᵽԾá
ԯɫ΢䣬ͻȻһһӿȼյĺҪײȥ
Ȼ䣬һֱ֣
۵
ˣҲŴ˿̵Ԩ
ֱԨǺЦ̬д⣬ҡͷ˵㣬Ҳ㱣ҵġ
ʱȷӦһǽİɣ
һĿ⣬ȡ
յĺƣ
ֹŹ֣սֵλ³ǵСӣʲô
˲˼ע£һīɫƣȻԨǰĵϣȵͣס
Ԩ̤һ롣
īɫƣ̨иƯŵĵȥ
оӿԨԵˣЩ㱣ƺԼ۾ССһ³ǵүд٣
˭ڵϣȻǴܹûŵشߡ
˵Ԩ
ܿ죬ԨīɫƵĽ£Ƶĵ졣
ںĵĵ죬ûдκ󷨵Ȼ롣
򣬸ûŵص

ԯָͷɫЩ
ѵףɫð۹λ½أһĺڰͯӣһģյУǱűǿߣ
Ԩеһӣ
һ仰Ĳ²⣬Ҳ˿ɼʵ
Ʒڡ
µ۹ϽͬŲ֪ͷĸպûŵضȥɫĪ⡣
λӵ۹ҶķܣİĲ֪Щʲô
кܶСˣźȥǿЦ
ССһ³ǵү󵽵ʲôͷֵǰĴһͬȥ
ݼҽԹǣ
ɫ£ҫŵϣݺҲˡ
۾ڣŽʯ飬ګګôƯϵϢ˾Ķǣ
ϵŽǶȣǲܹ͸ƵƼڲʵ
Ǽ亱ġ
ҲûŵأڸԶκ޽ۣмλ۹壬ʡ
߮Ŀռ϶һɳ죬ѡλδ޾һսʱ;£
ˣκ޽ˣѡ
ⲾܵȾʿȫ׷ɱģڡڵǱߣûжǽ׷ᡣ
ǣȥӽǸԶԶǱ
УȺԼŵ˵ִ
ûеȵǰȼ֤˽ī誵룬ȻǺĵķ죬īɫƴԨ
һı仯˴ľʼ
ɫ࣬財
ƯŵĵϣһϮµܲԕF΢ЦԨ˵˴δǼµ۹λŮʱ£Ҫķͷ̫ˣûɴ룬һطУ
ԨȻһЦʦˣҪȥħڣ
䲻ܺħͬȣأħҲȷŵϺšܲԕFЦȻؼǣڳħڣҲ˵ϻ
ڣԨ͡
ħڣһѡĿԺúÿǡҲȰ
£ݺ˵ԨΪ˵
Ȼ󣬾ЦӯӯأǸڵϣı롣
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Ҳͷܲ
Ԩ۾΢
ʵӱ̷ɽʹôһ˼
죬ûŵشͲľ
ǣûеȵһҩֲⳡغؾľޱ䣬ʹúܶ鶼һˡ
죬Ư죬ɷ֪δǻ¡
ؾͻȻ
ڻ֪ܲԕFüǸѣ磬ѽΧȲȥؾȥء
ȥδԨ
ڣռ䴫ڵأ󷨣ֹͣת˵



ٶʮ 
ûŵ
ɽ룬һҹУűΰ׳Ĵ
ΪķΣĸĴʯš
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ǹʹܱߵĿռ䣬ݡ
󸽽һŰСľݡ
ʮڵĵӣЩľеŴʯɵеС
ǰһ̣ţȷĿꡣ
һΪīɫۣͷڵӣϷţԼ˽
ǼˣڵģҲкڣͱߡ
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ߴڣڡڡڡڣ̫Ԩںˮڣٵģ˺ͳϵִ
ƫƫӦĹŻڣһû
磬ǹŻڵͽӦñŻɱ
ʦֻţûκˣ֤ʵѾˡüͷڣѾ˼Ŀռ䴫˵ŻǱߣ»ǹ˼Ĵڣֻ˵ͽͽ
仰һЩ˶һ˼ı顣
λԴ½źպûжǰιŻڵ֮λֵĲɿ
ʧܺһŭ֮£Զ⣬ûй
ԹŻڣһش
ڹŻڣţŻпܴߴڵĩβȥһġ
ǰˮڣˣŻڳԽ׼
ᣬŻڴԪǰʱ˼λǿһЩ˶ûܻع顣
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ˣŻΪŵ棬ĵմ֤ʵɢˣӦòֹǱ
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ۣһ飬һģһƵġ
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ûŵأֻһලߣ˶ſռ䴫ѡ
ܾߵģʵۡ
Ϊûŵܱߣµ۹۹ûˣӦҲû˸ҶԸۣŰ
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ûжƣòʲô⣬ŭ˳ˣλڲԶĳ١
պ
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ִӳ˼Ͻȥɫ£һƯŵĵ죬¹
ǵУɢϤϢϸ飬ԼܿһеεڵѪ
˪Ѫ⣡
ֺȻɫ͵һУСġ
оӿڿռ䴫ģߴŵߣһ仰Ҳ

Ũ߲ƣͻȻɳϮ
߲쳣ӿѪܿڣԱɱעǡ
ڿǣһαɫȵ𪣡
Ϊûŵأռ䴫ߣ۹µ۹ڣûЩߣź˽⡣
𪣬صעĶӡʵ̫ˡ
ֻǣλ󲻾ǰ̽𱦴ڣǺκ޽һ

δףЩƣɱ
ͬʱƯĵ죬Ҳڿռ䴫
Ӱһ˺ѿĿռ϶䲻ð
ŵϵԨ΢΢һЦȻͻһɫĹ⣬뵽ĸ޴ʯģںķѾʴĿռ䴫
ķΣʯɵУط߽֯
ڣͷŵĽɫ⣬ˮʡ
黯ĺɫĹ⣬һУݺύ֯Ľɫ⣬˲䱻Ⱦ࣬ұǿиıŵ緽λ
Կռ裬ȥһռ䴫Ȼǲܡ¹ʦڵϣԨЦŽֻͣǵƻռ䴫ڶʱڣת磬ġ
˵ǹƻռ䴫ʱܱ˸š
ܲԕFһЦ
һǵصĿֲǧУӺ١
ۣۣ
ڣЩۼڴ˵ߣ궼ڱ



ٶʮ ħ
ߴڵˣʲô磬ʲôݣǶ
ģλ۹Ĺʦˣֲ׻ǧȼŵлì
ޡۼͻʹ쳣еԨҲ̸Ӧ
֪һߣ
ʱڡ
վڸպԨͷٿʱƲһˡ
ܲԕFԳ̫裬ֱԻ׷ɱ
Ԩһλ̬ݣЦİ¹ʦһ˿ء
λʦ˵ĺպڳ۹µ۹֮䣬µ۹еߣΪĸ󻼡
ԨӴܾãֻı׿Խûмչֳǿս
ԭԨʵкݾ̶ȣһЩɡ
ûһ˿ɣ
ǳħڣΪħֵĿֲڣƽչֳºţֻǱѡ
Ϊħ뢣ܲԕFڸóʱȻûʧ
ɱңֶΣŷϳħڵħݡ
ռ䴫ܱߣûŵصļӲأ俪ڶĻȿ׶
Ԩһ£֪ܲԕFĻ̺ųܣںɱߴڵڶ󣬻͸ص
𪣬֣γɵƣѹûзá
ֻԻ˷ֵߣǵעעߣ͹Ĵ㶾Ӷ˴֮ɱС
ˣֻһĺݶء
һصʬףܲԕFһۣԹߴڵˣ֪˺ָǺͳħڵɱ
ܲԕF˵û˻֪
˽ʱԨߣռ䴫
ϸܵڣ黯ĺɫ⣬ڵռ䴫һռͼӵ²
Ϊʲôݻ٣Ԩ
һܲԕF𪣬һ¡
˵һ˰㣬ķӶؽĿռ䴫󣬼ʯҪݻٺܲסλѣտռ֮أƻʱֹͣѡ
ǰռ䴫ھ޵ļӳ£ųɹܲԕF廰ıͼ磬ҲλءҪݻٴҪλھ޺пܡ
ǳħڣǿ߾ӿ룬Ȼû취
ܲԕFȻһЦǵĿģֻûŵصؾݻ˾޴Ŀռ䴫󣬲ǵΧ֮ڡôˣںǳħڣǲ֮١ɱǼߣǱ֪Ҳڲݵս
ûϸ˵ԨҲˣ֪һռ䴫ȣֵ˵ʵûôҪ
黯ĺɫ⣬ʹռ䴫ڷ롣
Σڸյ죬˵ڵˣ֪ռ䴫⣬ҪҲҪܳʱ䡣㹻ʱ䣬ûŵػѰؾ
ܲԕFͷһ롣
ᡣ
ӵߵƣѸپӿ˵ôһӵͣͣһϢշ
Ԩ֪֪紥Ľƣ׼ȷλá
飬źܶڵĿռ䴫޷ֺûŵصĴϣܸ֪깵ϸ΢仯
ܲԕF𪣬ҵõİⷽأ̫̫ࡣ
Զʣһҫ⣬˲Ϣ롣
ܲԕFü羹Ȼʧˡ
λڵļһбȻ״̬ķ磬߲ѵġһ£˵᲻ʣ
¹ʦԥ룬һ飬һ֮
Ҫɱ誣ʡ
ûѪȥ硣俪һִܵͨҾܽסܲԕFŵ
ֻѣ誺һ㣬Ҳǻξ֣ص˵
¹ʦȻһЦұȻͬǻξɺܶණǲһġ
룬ʾ̾׵á
һײӲӵ⣬ǿҵĿռ𵴣ֺ£ķ϶
ѿռ䡣
£۸˿ռ󷨣Ȼһ
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¹ʦЦţΪһⲢţǰĹ⡣
⣬ĳһ̣ͻȻ£Ϊһ
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ڵռ䴫ڣƺջķᰡ𪣬Ž£̯Ϊ׹ʧ飬˵ڵռ䴫󣬿ռǱôȡˣ±ҵ
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ðһ䣬ǰ½أʲôۣȤ˵ѹ½صҶ˽⡣ҲûҲûмĴڡ
ɫһ䣬޿ɷ档
ֻǺѣ⡣ЦЦ
ڴ˿̣ԨԱߵ룬ͫת⡣
һƣԴԨĺ
Ԩ˲֪Ԧλţڸ߿УҲ˽ڡ
ңһִ
ݺǷҲɱˡͻȻ
ɣæ
鲻Ԩ




ٶʮ ն½
հɵһɽֹ
£һưܵĳǳأԫϱڣǽһء
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Ӷֻһ˶ͷǣ׽죬»ǹҫ£ͷӨӨ
˶ͷǣֻһۿ滹һֻȭͷСĺɫ顣
ͷǣţǣһǷࡣ
һƤڽʣ糤㣬ͷǵϷ˽ȥ
ʿڣ⻪ת̲ء
ڿӶߣվڵݺأǳǳڵĿӶͷϵĽʡ
ڽڣ̺Ľ⣬
ǽ¶ѹעӵûŵ䣬۵ưܳǳڣðһӶ
ŽʣĪϤУ·Ľ⣬ͨĳصĹϵ
ݺأĳ
ǰӰٽ𣬺ķʮ꣬ǧ챦ԭ½أһ鱣Ϊʯ
½أһʯ˵ǿеһ¡
ǿߣն֮½صĴڡ
ڴµģΪնˣд治Ľ⡣
ʣ˵ע⣬˵ڣǵд潣ע⡣
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ǽڣδеϤĽ⡣
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ԨƮٿȻûܾ졣
ȻԨ͵£վʱȻҫâ㣡
𾪵أԨ۰򣬸Ľ⡣
ϣãƵĽ⣬һޣ
ѹ֣һʱøУҹ̸롣
ԨȻһЦָͷ˵һλޣն¶䡣λѹ½ضꡣ˸ķ컯Ҫһ֣ǴĿ˶ʯ
ݺ
½أջһ⣬˫ۡԨ΢Ц⣬նµλޣ½ءѳΪһֵڲдĽ⣬Ҳˡѽʡ
ͣ
ʱ粻֪ʲôʹ۹ȣĪرãã֣Ӷ㣬Ƶǿйע
ʼղԭ򣬲֪۹ǵĽâΪλͻȻ
İ£Ȼٴ˲ƳǳأſӶڣǲھ޴ͷǵĽʣźȻ˵硣
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ħһ壬Ĵޣ˵񽣺֮ʯһ½أȫ˷컯죬ʹúۣħʰĹǿߣѲá
ɽʣûһ䡣
Ԩ֮ǰҲûǱնµ񽣣н⡣
ңûŵأһ޴ͷϡ
ѽʣʢǱն񽣵ģݺһϸţԨ۹ڴĽ⣬ˡ
Цԭѽ
һˣʹһԭ
ʵϣ𣬴Ͷ˽ܵء
ʱҲӵܣ⡣
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ֻˡ
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ݺУ˵һ仰Ị̄ˣΪһΪ
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ҲǸӦڵ⣬𣿡ɫƽỺָǰѽʣ˵ҿ˺ð죬̫ҽӽҪãԼԿҲ㡣
ԨȻʧЦ
˵֮Ѹٹǲ뿴ݺ
ҲãܲԕFҲգԳ㣬ûʲôøС
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գǺ˺ѿ
ϸҫķ϶ǵ磬ȿֺߣһ
ˣ
ݺȻɫҪӿӶ롣
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Ԩҡҡͷ΢Ц˵ģ㽵ĵʱ˵㿴һʢ硣

żٽľˣݺš
û¡Ԩ
ݺһɣͰʶأ߽һ㡣
ͷߵ磬СպȻ䡣
أŵһ͵׹
֮󣬸յĵƵطˣ̽ͷ̽ԵأſӶɫ졣

Ͱ¹ʦǶͬʱ¡
ԕFλڵġ𪼱
¹ʦ鵭Į赭д˵Ҳ
½ص飬ԱߵĹʦˣɵ
飬ƴ誵ʦ˵᱾ԣƥǿս
ˣյ죬ҲȺ䡣
̣ݺ
΢΢һЦûпڽʲôֻʹһɫʾԨ׽һ㣬˵
˶ˡ
ԨƤЦһָǸ˶ͷǣѯ۹ľˣǰԼؾ֮ųǶһݡ
⻰һݺȻٿԨʱħ֡
Ԩεºܣܺʹ˵Ⱦ뢴ɣıؾ



ٶʮ ˷
ݺ𪡢˰㣬ͨ죬羫տߣȻԨйϸ͹ᡣ
Ԥϲ۹ľˣԨϵ
Ϊڵһ콾δڵˣݺ֪ɲֻͨ۹
ڵĳϣʦ̾
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츳ףŻξΪбΪġŻĿսǿȨԵŮսΪνԨԣ
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£һ
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ȷʵɡ¹ʦһذƣ·䡣
ʵĽʿڣһƽ⣬ش
ͣ
ѵģϸܵĿռ϶ͻȻʧء
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ܲԕFľһΪʵʵĽ⣬ȻĹ⣬Щѿķ϶磡ķɹ˺ѿķ϶Ϊã
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һ䣬͵ضԨȵô£
ŻĿս͡սݡڵشٽãʦ֪ʦʧ⣬ûй
Ҳϵϡ
ΪʦġûŵءȻһƬսݡԨƫƫ֪ŻĿս͡սݡ֮һƬսݡˡ
ڣԨ۹صĽ⣬͸ϢҲǰڽʵĽ⣬һޡ
͸ŹֵСӣʲôܣ
¹ʦ𪣬飬
̫ɺϣ̫Σ˲òɡ
УΪ棬Ϊ𺳵ݺ
ѸӦɣǰƿţɱķռ϶ڵľ󣬱Щ֡
ԨһȻ
֣һһçϡƵĽ⣬֮ŷ
ͷɣڶϸܵĿռ϶ܵʹ
֪ģ翰޵еռ϶ͻˣΪƿء
ԨСӡǲˣܲԕFĵ
̬Թԣ䲻ʹ졣
Žӽǰ׽ͷǣ˷Ӧ壬ĪɡԨ⡣
⣬
λ֪ͷڣһѽʣԨΪԩ̫Ѩɥ˵ҵڶؾʲôںδ
ֻɫ۾һ
Կռ𶯣Ϊʶûеִǰȷؾνؾ֮ţǰ׽ͷǣۿڵֻ
룬Ҳио
ˣܲԕF仰󣬲ȷϣͷǵ򣬷ΪĹؼڡ
ʣնɱͷǵˡ
ۣһ֯һ˵һǲҪŪˣţǵģ˶ͷǣ˲⣬ҲǺصĴͷǣ̬ӡܶԵϺŵġ
ʲô𪾪С
ԨҲȻʧɫ˷
鼫϶صͷԴ⡣
ħһ壿ɳȵ
Ҳҡͷԥһ£˵ֻ˵壬Ϊϡٺħǧ֮һΪΣǲ֪̫࣬Ҳ͸¶ＫѱɱǶԿǣδ͸
նɱߣҸȼԽڵĽ⣬ҹϴ
֪˶꣬ˣдǡ
ֻͫżΪĿռ𵴣µȷؾ֮ţɴ̤һռ䡣
Ҳܣִĳ־׵أһ㣬ͻУ޻عϣ
Ϊֻ꣬λͭ޹֮ڵˡ
֮˵ͷݣΪǶǵڸѹΧ˵ġ
һ˵ţݺͷпܾʹ˱¶
ʱ˵ڣܲԕFĳħڣħѭ˿Ѱ
Ͼڵĸ𣬺ǿаг
ڣΰ죿
ͫİΣյϢҷѾ˼ѰҪҵؾ̤Уڼ֮ʣѰƽķ
Ԩȵʦ˵ʲô
ǰ֪ңͶ·ʱѰؾʱûڣ˵аˣҲˣѰؾ
㣬ҪԽ򣿡Ԩĵؽ顣
еŭ˲
ԨæģҾţ
ҵģЩҲҶѵĿռ϶ᣬҷ̤룿ȵ
ûҵЩսݣڡںͰ˪׷ɱ£˲֧ȻܷɡԨһ޹˵Ϊң˱ˡҲΪңɱ˪ͽī⣬ش誣ʹùʦ׷նɱ
ûЩսݣҲգȥǺǻûŵεһȥܣŭҸܣī⡢誣ͷ˪شҵĻᣡԼվ
ͻȻʼҵ
ǸѰˡݺȻӵ˵
˭
Ԩ磬𪶼ȵ
а䡣



ٶʮ 
ݺĵֻ۾
ͨʱ̶ŹҰգӸµظء
ǿ磬ֻ֮࣬رԵϢиӦ
һˣڴأʨ֮޳ͨ𶯣ĴϢ˻Хǰ֪
ϰĳȻڲݴ䶯δؾ
ˣûв䣬ΪϣѪǻ֮Բơ
Ƕԣİ䣬Ӭ档
ӵݺܸд쳣ܸ߿΢ۡ
ȻҲͿ͸
Ȼ
ݺĻ﷽䣬̬Įֲ£纮λرûڸеӣ·ײأһͷ˽
ԨļȻֹ

Ԩüͷ΢壬Źһ˶İ䣬Ƭ·;ңԶεִ˴ģ
ţ͵ߡվһߴ𻰣һ߿׽ͷǣ棬ګګ˶İ޵ͷ­Ǻͷɫ׽˵˰ޣ˰׽𼶵ս񡣡
ֻ̧顣
Ȼɫºˣ
ոգԨ˵ѯ£ûеͷǵ
ֻ˵壬ҲǺصĴνħ
ΪһۿͷˣӦòûŵء
٣ʱû
δϵ䲻ðһˣֻһ£͵ͷǵͷжϳǰ޵İ׽ս
Ű䣬ͻȻ𣬴˾ڷƷԨһġ
ʼնû䡣
Ϊ䣬ûκر֮ѪͻϡѰһ֮·ķӡ
ۣ
ɾôһڸеĹˣٿһ͵˰׽ͷǵĳ˲侯ˡ
ޣ
ܲԕFİ񣬱أĴ˵ֻ򾳽粻㣬ʸȥûܼ
ͣ٣ֵ˵ޣƺѱˡ
ڳħڵĹϾڣйڰ޵ļأֻȼˡ
Ǽ̡
ޣսĿСأΪǬ䣬塣
˵УǱˡ
΢ۣ鵭Į˵ԶֻǴ˵δõ֤ʵͷǾ޴İޣ˰׽սʵս൱ǵھޡһλǿİޣͷ­ɱڴˡ
򦣬˼
£Ӻε֪޵ͷǰһӿŹŹУҲ̤ؾ
ԨûֹͬأŰ䡣
˵ŮʱӰӣΪֽı£žɱ˳۹ŵߣŮʱ
䣬пܾŮʱ±Ӱ֮һ
ӰӣںδΪΰŮʱ£ʲôľսһûн⿪š
䣬һλûŵѵŮʱµ˼
Ů٣ǰӶ̣ҲѺ˵ļӲ־
¹ʦܲԕF磬飬κһľδѷɫŮʡ
ܲԕFŮʱںް취֤Ůʱ»ҪѲ
ȥƶϵĻ伴Ůʱ±һӰӣóǱϢû㹻ľսӦҲڲʲôˡ
Ԩǣ侹Ȼܹһϳͷڰޡ
ǻԻͶݵһҲɽۣǿһû޵
ɰƫƫ֪
𣬰䲻ΪɫĮأ˶İ׽ͷǡ
ڿǽʱüɫ֮Уżļɵ
꣡
һٽԨʱͻȻȼš
Ԩ۹ǣ˲͡
۹ȵһԨɫ䣬Ű䣬Цɱң
ЩƯͷϸҫĿռ϶ͻȻָ䡣
֮ռ϶͸ƥ⣬
ǰ׽ͷǵĽʣ΢΢һӿڣ
ݣ
ʮֲ⣬绯֯磬Ҫɱ䡣
ͷİ䣬ɫޱ䣬ƺһӰȻģ
һλźᣬֲµİ䣬ƾʧ
·𣬴δ
֮¹ʦܲԕFֿ죬һЦѹһϢɲ飬û쳣Ѫ٣
½أ©֮㡣һͰ׹ϫͬһ·
ħԨ㵵
һǰͷţ۹ǲдĽأδִϣͱˡ
һɣʩչħط˲ϢԶ롣
ħԵħΪóǱƶˣݡ
ǵħ׹ħϫϣмʶ
ûϵƷھͺһİ䣬ȻҲǵħһٸΪƮ׽
˵УλŮʱ£Ӱӡһ£ɫ΢䣬Īɣ̵ģǴ
⻰һԨ΢
½ʱʹӰ׹ϫУõһδ֤ʵϢ
Щ˵µ۹Ĵڳʼʱǰų켺ٵǻ屦
ºĴѹǣֱ˵֪
˵ǰ䣬Ůʱ±Ӱӣ½µ۹Ĵֵζĵطˡ
½أʷȷѵǰ伫пһܲԕF
û뵽µ۹ı󣬻ЩӰҲ
۵ģӦö߱廰ڵģ϶ǺŮʱĬµ۹½ΪӽÿһЩ꣬ȥûеġ
ѹ֣û֪ǵͷݣ֪µ۹ңˣ۹ܻһ
ˣһһģ˵Űµ۹ԨԴ
Ԩţ쳣ء
Ʒʱûжɱ֣Ҫôǲ֪۹ҪôҪЩʲô
ڿӶܲԕFǿߣ侹Ȼûס
ΪǵϡƵĽ⣿
ǽ©ĵħ꣬λʮа˾Ҳˣµ۹ǶԼ⣿



ٶʮ Ծ
ٿȻƮȻţԨͷһ˲Ӱ
䣬Ůʵ
Ϊħһ½ص©֮㣬ô˴ԵŮʱ±ӰͬΪаħ
˿ͽڵµ۹𣬾ͺͽشй
أǿƵصȥġ
µ۹ͽаħᣬϢǲֶߣǻԡ
ͬģǵϽڽڣǡ컯֣ЩнѹеԨǵˡ
ȥĻλ۹Ůʱ£ǲпЩаħĹƻ£ɱˣ
ݼң᲻Ϊµ۹
ض룬ǵ۹λŮʱ£Ǻǰ𣬸Ҳֻð䡣ܲԕFǵȻûôءħǳħڵĴޣվأ׽ħħڵãҲǺܳġ
ھޣ۳ǿ֮⣬ץħͨħ񷨾Ҳûʲôɻġ
ֻҪаħƻʹǣūΪԼãδɡ
ⷬܲԕF˵ĺȻ
ڳ飬ɫȴ̫ÿҲˡ
Ԩ֪鱾Ƿֻ꣬λͭ޹׵ˣʱ
Եʻ֮£òѣлΪһ¯˽յ
˽صķ򣬻ΪйһʱΪ飬رɻ㡣
ˣʲô䣬⡣
Ԩ⣬ָǿ˶ģν޵İ׽ͷǣֻ۾ؾ֮ţ˭ȥһۣ
һߣȻϡ
λˣµͫԹŭãɳƵûǽʣҶһ̤룬ڡ
ڹŹֽ⣬ԨӦ±Ѫռ϶һصġ
Щ¶Ľ⣬
״£ļƻƣţȻˡ
ѹ֣ûŵص˵ƶ񤡣ֹһ䣬˵ޣһֻ۾ĿߵȼǬ䡣ÿһöǬ䣬Գһռ䣬ѵĴء
һ˵ÿһޣһٺأĿɷԲ
İޣֻҪںǱܽƺƵѸǿ󡣡
ΪڵİƺɺԿݽˡǼѴӰѣÿѳѰ̺ǳأߢǿ
ħ壬ƺΪصģڵĺأʥء
ܵûб޲ŵİޣԿֲٶȳɳ
ˣǵĶĿܳûźƵبŲıܣǶĿǸٹ̣ıġ
ڰޣûбǰֻҪһ٣Ų᲻Ϯɱǿ鷳ء
ص˵İޣ˺ܾúܾˡ
һ˵ָǺɫ۾˵ǲʲôؾ֮ţһСءڲĿռ䣬ʲôȷʵҪڽȥԺ󣬲ܹ֪
Ԩȥγʡ¹ʦȻ
ңԨűӡ
ܲԕFЦŵͷɨһˣ˵ҲˣʺԨԴ飬ʱγ֮󣬱˽֮ҿ飿
ͷ
ݺһ£ͻĽ˵Ԩǽʢһֲ񽣡ڣž⣬ȻŴ⽣ʣһԵݴ
Ҳ¶Ϊеϲ
ǹһЦ˵Ԩ㿴㣬ǲṳ̂ؾ͵õһѼýʡǱ񽣣䲻˿֪㣬ܵõʣΪУϣ֪Ǳ񽣵ټ
дأȻܱ֪ܲԕFһնµ񽣣Ҫ֣ɷˡ
һ䣬һ䣬˵Ǳ񽣵յȥν
ԨĻǾͲ£ʰγ֮νİޣû͸Ȼѹ
һҶͻȻĬ
̫ܰɣƳһۣ԰Ϊ˽飬ȥˣڵĽ⣬һֱ׽ͷǣ͸˰ɣ
ЦҲ֪
û͸Ҳָܻ۷սɣ˵˵׽İޣ൱ھޡɱ˶꣬ҲӲˣٷ֮һɣݺҲ
ԥ˰Σ˵ҲƭλҪǣλ׽𼶵İޣǴͷǣʧȥѹָܺܿսġؼǣĶĿջ۵ģӿ˲֪ôֲܡ
ֻĿ԰˵൱ǵµͥѨϣĽᾧۡ
ֻҪת޵ͨĿصܣʱʸ߷塣
һλս۷ģ׽𼶵ս񡣡
ĻڳĸλǺѡ
ѿܷû©أһһڳ˵˸͸㲻ٶԡҪȥ
ٴγĬ
ھĴޣѹԨȥνʣȻ׵ġ
ھĴޣÿһ춯أڸų򣬻չؿޣ⡣
ħڣҲûôʱ䣬һλھ޵ִ
׽ͷǾǰ˲̫ܵãȻڷֲԾͨ;ûŵء
ʱǾͲɣҪߴڵĳѹ
ҶеԾ
ԨãȻһЦ˵һλû͸İҾãûҪôţڲԾʱûŵأЩصĴȥͷۡ
ˣھȥγʣ



ٶʮ ħλ
ǳҹĻȻʾ

һҷƷкХţٶΪѸ
µ۹ϽָŷƷǶȡ
ѶԴ԰䡣
ڣ󸣬ԯղܽ죬ڣ۹κҲڵС
̫ԨڵȪͬ󣬽˷Ʒ
ƫƫڵ녣ԾӵС
ǳԱεķƷڶ࣬쳣ӵ¡
ΪԭȾзܵȵ۹ȨҲ档
ЩˣûڷƷ밵³Ǻѡȥ
ûŵأؾ֮һ£Ѳʲôܡ
Ǻ룬̤նɱī⣬׷誵Ķ˶
Ƕĵ죬ƺƴķ׳٣ҲԤܶ¡
£кĵˣȥһЩΣա
οǾӿһҲ
ˣʱͷ·ϼߣܿЩⲾĽʿڳɱţǱڰĺڡߡ
ռ϶ȥкܶʬףԶڴزݴԡ
˭û뵽Ƭ߶꣬ʽأΪؾĴ˵ôˡ
߼˪ڶͬߣλξޣڶ΢ߣЩⲾռ϶Ϯɱ
֤ʵ϶вͬѰ֮ûŵڲ
Ͻǰ֮أؾ֮𣿡
ҫżľ⣬ݴ磬յȥĿͬһλã
Ǻܶ˵
ԪͣǰͨѶŤͷ
̫ԨڵȪ΢΢һЦ˵㲻ñܻҡ
м£Ҫ˵һ¡Ԫ꿴ڴˣ֮࣬Ĵ룬ߴڵǿʢޣҪǣ¶ڣûָˡ
һȪЦˣǣڽĿռ䴫󣬳£
ˡԪͷؽĿռ䴫󣬱۹Ĺʦˣߺɱλ½Ԩϵеӣ۸󷨵Ŀռ硣
ȪأܲԕFˣ
Ϊλ۹ĹʦĻᱻԪļԳϵݣΪȥԪְԪ
Ȫü˻
λ۹Ĺʦǳħڵħ֣λߵħ֡Ԫء
һʯǧˣ
֪ߣԺȻɫ
ܲԕF۹ĹʦˣԪĿǿߣȻԳħڣλߵħ֣
ħڣħ㣬ħֲֹһ
ڲħһλ
λߵħ֣أѫߣʸΪˡ
ͬڷƷڣԯҫأӶͳħйϵԯεգᣬأԪꡣ
ʵڲ֪ԪΪҪ¶λʦ˵ʵݡ
ħڣλߵħݣԪûеǰû̫֪
ʦˣѾ̫ݣѲԪںͳ۹ڲ֪ܼ࣬ȥ»ǻкܶ
ԪˣܶͲһˣʦԺ£Ҳܶ鷳
ܲԕF˵µ۹ͳħڣѾнˣŮʱ½ӼίΣҲϿ
Ԫ꣬ҵˣµ۹ı£֮
۹ͳħڣܵʱ̣λϽΪҪʦ˵ĳ¶̫Ԩڣ
̫Ԩ֪ʦ˵ݣ½֪
ʦڳ۹Ĳãڿޣ᲻ᱻԪԣȥݺ
ԯͷƣʼԪ꣬Һ͵۹
ͬڵģԪ갲ŷƷôˣ녵ҲˣôҲûϣ
۹κɶа
ܲԕFȻǳħڵˣ
λߵħ֣ǣпڽִƳħڵİ
û뵽۹һѹǵĹʦˣȻڳħڣԪҪȥС
𾪣
ϣ顣
ǵ֪ȪȻĬڵز֪Щʲô

ܶڸµ۹ķƷλ侫׼λ͸¶ѶϢݺһҹɫʾһ⣬Ѵһҹȥˡ
µ۹¹ʦЦһù⡣
һЩǰħڣǰħݣѾ¶ˡݺ
ڶԺܶ飬ûôˡ
𪣬̽𱦴κ޽λȴܲԕFһ繲ıؾ
ԨǵϽ⣬ϿɣЩ뢲
ܲԕFΪħڵħ֣Ҳûôˡ
͵ġ
ܲԕFһЦ˵㣬⼸仰ķϣҾɱˡ
Ϊħħһ£ۣͬᵱ治֪
οͲڣ׼أħ޵ⷽأֺξ֮У
ͻȻ䣬
Ϊһ̣ڿӶԨվǰ׽ͷǰ
Զ˶ģڰ޵ǿŰ׽ͷǣȻԨˣҪߴ
վŵԨֶǽʡ
Ԩͷȥͷϣǽʱεǿȭĺɫ
һ£ûżνʣһֻ֣ͻȻǺɫ
ʲô
ŮӾ磬һĶȻɫֹ



ٶʮ 
Ԩѹĸߺȡ
һֻ֣£󣬵׽ͷУֻɫ
ָָ
꣡
ͷ߮ӶϿյģһҫռ϶Ȼƥ
ͷǵĽʣʿתһЩϸĿռ϶ϵ
Ԩһر۰ͻ㣬̾ڹǽڵĽâ쳣Ծ
ϣڵģǵçϡƵĽ⣬۹Ʊһ㻽ѳ
ӿ̼䣬ȡµͥСص
һ̣Ǻɫǣһⱻ׼ҪǺɫصڲء
ĽСѪɽŭأҪӶ
ǣжʱġŻĿս˺ѶģĿռ϶һֲġңָ
Ȼ彩Ӳ
һָţе꣬ƺһٶʱն
вæͣ¡
嶯
¹ʦ侲ûЩռ϶ΪãʧȥǿսҲͬˣµķɡЩռ϶ɱ˰˪ɱ˽ī⡣ңҲ㽫誺ɱ
磬øлԨġ
ܲԕFüͷ΢壬֪䣬վǰڿӶϷͣһ˵Ԩָͷȥǰ޵۾ѵʲô⣿磬ʲô飬ǣ
ҲƳԾһʱעԨһ˵磬ҺͲԕFǲϣ¡Ӧսݣ㰵׼û֪һǶڵ㣬ȴ˺ܶࡣ
ûԨָսݣǹŻĿս֮ܣҲڹ
˿̣Ԩǿ˶ģ׽ͷǰȥ۾ʱȻкֹԵЩˡ
ǲɵĲ²⣬绹Ǳ顣
룬ʱɫƣ
˵ļƣֻҪԨ֣ǽ˺Э飬ɱλŮӾ
ûЩռ϶Ķӳ֣λˣδؾǵĶ֡
οܲԕFɫҲ˻ɡ
ؾǰ޵۾
һԼּ˵ѵûиоûָȥǵͽϵĽ⣬ȻţҪǵ⣬Яڶռ϶ӽʱ᳹׻ؾ
ҿٲؾֻؾڣĨɱʲô
⣿¹ʦˡ
޵۾ڵСأʲôԨ۹ǵĽ⣬ԨвСһ˵ңǽ˽⣬ɫйĶûڡ
Ԩڰγǰ͸һ⣬ڲСأնɱһ׵ĺ¡
ɫЩ
ɣλ׽𼶵ģ޵ǲл꣬νؾǱأ
仰ɱͷǵĽʣԨ۹ǵĽ⣬ͬͬԴңǱԨ۹ǵĽ⣬нĺۼǻۣи֪ȻٵϢŻԨӽ
ˣ
θߣغ;衣
ǣ֪û͸֪вдǺͲлɣ˵Ƕʦλ޵Ĳл꣬йͨܵԼѰؾҪͷ
ʦ꣬ûôĪǰ޵Ĳл֪꣬ʱδҪûŵصҪʮ꣬ʱ䣬ܳ£
룬𪣬а¹ʦڵݺⷬȻɫ
ٿʱʼɡ
룬ῪЦ
Įͷǣʲô֪ôܺй᣿˵ˣȥһλ壬ʲôôҪûͷųػҵ֮أ
ЩмƵص顣
ܽޣɹ㻹ѺأԶǿ֮ʦᡣ⣬һλ׽𼶵İޣսط۷壬Ҳٴλع⣬һ֮
޸ݣ˵˵
ȷʵǺ˵һͨûʲôݡ鵹Ҳϣһ㣬ǧҪԣȥֹԨʲôҺҲ
ԕF𪿴
¹ʦü磬壬Ǳͷţ޷ŽǺԴ½ڲìܡ⣬ڶԴǿĳʱ̬һµġ
ԣ٣ǡ
仰͵춨˻
絨ӶܱߵˣὫìͷȫָ
ģҲġ
˵ͷλŮӾ˺󣬲ȥǿӶȥԨʲôԴգǴɡ
˻
Ԩһ
Ǵɫָ⣬ôһ鼫ı飬һ˿˿ļºܣȻָ͸
źѰû쳣Ϣй¶򣬾ڴǣ˵ı
ֺܶ꣬궼ڲ
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ԨȻʧɫ
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ԨһֱۣȻɿռܣǱ練ѿնһռ϶
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ԨԼҲæӦͷֱ۹ǲû쳣ٴ΢֮Ŀռ϶ΪһΪĽ⣬˱۹ǵĽâȥǿһܡ
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Ԩֻһýѡ廰Щռ϶Ǹʣȹע۹ǵܣĶԴȪ˿̵ԨʱһǵϽ⣬նɱ޵С
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ԕFôںȻ𪲻ˣȻͨսݣⷴ鷳뷴ɱ˪誺ͽī⣬ΪβҴţԨʶƺֺǴԼıؾ
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ԨָžĶǵĶײɫϾרעһ˿и
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ԨָͷӴļС֮أһʱϸֻۣܴ¸Ӧսʵݱؽš
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ԨֱһεѪӣ峿Ҷϵĳ¶顣
ڰֱֻ֣ѣȻϣС۴Ҳʼ˺ѳϸ˿ڡ
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ͣ߿յ󷽹
ڣͻȻųһǳ˵ע

޴ʯڸ߿ջһֻۣҫԡ
ݺܸӦϵɫУƵǳܣ纣ûˢ
͸ҪץڲСأϸ΢ĳ
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˾޴ɫˣɳڵСظϢ͸һǾ˶Ϊ֮ĿѣԵĺƴܡ
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ڣСѾͷڿǡ
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ݺͨͻȻͿһȭͷɫðЯŤʱյĿЩûеܣɢ
â㽦䡣
ݺƺһݳһѪССȭӡԻһѸٵȥ
һƨ£ȻͻȻɥ˵û´˺Ͱ䣬档
ɻʲôɫ
κݺ̾һκڵѪɫģһεαұɫߣˡ˵ԭʼ̬ʩߣǾˣҲ֪ʲô
κҪģκľѪ𪾪ȡ
Ӧˡݺͷܽղ󶼲ͬܽղ󣬶Ǵˣ츳ǡһţ˸һ󣬺ȻôޱȵѪ
磬Сκӱˣ̻ԭΪϧźʹĵ֪κʵģ˵ѪһֱģǼκڵѪӾ
ںκǰûб˸֪
ֻҪЩѪȥԼĿ꣬׳Լȥɲɸ˵¡
ݣ
ܲԕFӰִӷƷڻع飬ҲվڿӶڡ

ⷽԫϱڵưܳǳأһʯͻȻĪѿ
͵͵ĿӳµĴʱͿһλ׷Բԣ̬ӵŹȣӵص׸˳
ͷİ׷ͷգڱ
˿϶ڣԼֻܿĺ
ӣɭɭİ׷ϸȥͻᷢͷϵа׷ϸСߡ
ŵĹȣһذɭɭĹǽڣ罣ӫת
λ֪ģҲŮʱ£νӰ֮һܲԕFһۣ˵ǺͰһ֪ʲô½ָܻȻǵõҵİ
׷̧ͷɭɭ۾ϸ緢İߣ⣬ʦˣҲǵһμʱ½ʱҡֻǣ㵱ʱ֪ңңҲû뵽ܴﵽյĸ߶ȡ
˶٣ٴ˵֪ڽʱҾ͸ɱ㡣
ܲԕFȻ˼ڤãͻȻһ𣬡㣡ǽڤޣȥ΢ʱһаħƻλаħ㣿
׷ٺһЦŵǸɿݹǴĹȣͻȻԨĴȥ
ϸߣǧɭɭ磬Ҳ̼ͷϣӴ֮ڣԨȥ
ɲǼ䣬ڿеɫУŴٱ͵Ʈ
ȰӰڳʱȷɳ
׹ʱ飬ͬΪͽúһǰǸִСӣ˵ħ㲻ҲǷ֮
㣡
롣



ʮ 
ҲǷ֮
ǰԨڱ̷ɽҲܽѹٳٲƿ
һȳٽߣϢأڶ̷ɽ̰Ϯɱ
Ԩĵسŵ뿪
һȣꡣ
ڰյ档ֱʱʱ̶̿ʴǳ飬ͱбɱ¾顣
գԨԼˡ
٣ǳһ㡣
Ԩͣת֮·˲ӣԸ־ȵľ֮䣬ջѡ½⣬Ԩ
ԨΪͬԨعƬϵŵء
֪ûŵزĵأֻԨ̷ֽ֮ɽ
Ϊ̷ɽҩڵأʱԨҩ֮
ԣ̷ɽʱԨƿС
淢飬ԨʼδûԤϱʦͱһת֮·ӻ̫̫꣬ࡣ
һɲκ˽Լĺ㶼ȥһһʶ
ʿ̬İ䣬ŵħһ壬ΪóĹƻ֮
αرһ΢Сūۣĸߵȼǻ飬һɳ죬鶥Ĥݵġ
ѿƾٶ룬ֻǺͯ
ڱ̷ɽ֮ڣûк˽̸ǻǼ򵥣úױƻ󣬱˵
뵹ûŵص£Ϊ˳
ʵϣԨһ£֪ôһڣҲϲ
û룬ڲƳǳصײģ˶İͷ­ᱻôȷλ׼ȷŪ
ҲͨĴѶܼʱϵ
Уûŵشϣûŵ룬ǵħһкܶ๲֮ͨ
ϧĳϿȰ˵û¶˿
ۣۣ
ǧϸ緢˿İߣԨ˺ҧʱһػɻҡ
𪣬ӺݹӰԨ֡
ľΪʵʣѪ͵شܳ
ɢȥʳϸߣԵǽζ
նһذ׹ǹȣʱ΢ЦŴͳһѡ
ĵӣٿһ֣ʹ˺ѶĤХ
Хֻλ׷
̳׹ǹȵֻ䴦Ű׹⣬ĪؾӿȻס
׷ƺһǸ罣İ׹ǹȣԨĹ켣
еѣӳ
һտտ⣬ɹһײǰ׹ǹȣǰ׷̶
һ
ѣ̴˰׷ĲһȦֻصС
ѣ΢΢üùɡ
֪ͷİ׷ǺͰһ㣬Ǵ½Ůʱ±Ӱ֮һôġ
ܾﲻԾ
𪣡Сģ
¹ʦ¾ƮƮ̤նУ졣
һҵǰ㣬ֱ졣
գͷųҶӿĻ֮ܣɫж
Ŀ꣬ȻǶڳڣκѪ硣
ף
Ѻһüͷĸ
Ѷİ׷أЦ
Ķڣѷ֮ûһѪ磬类񹤷֯ôת˲䣬˿ھϣ˵ĺۼ
Ű׹ǹȵӡ˿µ۾Ϊɭֲ
͵͵عЦ

ָͷڰ޺ɫԨ
깵ͨԶڽأصײռʱ쳣
ڰ޵ĺ־͸ʱʹʹ꣬ӵľ裬ԺȻоЩûϸߣ΢ĻȻ׳
ߣ壬ѪǿԼİߣ˺ҧûľ
Ԩѡ
𪲪ȻɫҲ̼䣬֪ʲôطˡ
һǰ׷ͷŵϸߣ̫ױɱ̫ױʳȻϳ
𪣬֮
׷ǰ׹ǹȣ䣬ܹϿɣ֮·ԶȷһѪȦҲ׳١ڣ֮֮
֪˭ˡһ
ԨʱҲز廰𣬱ѹڽصһߣХһΨд꣬Ǹ׹ǹڣ֪˭Ѱӽش˳ȥ
۾һ
Ԩ˵ǰ׷ǣ͵óһѶϢڸա
꣬ɢԨ۹ǵڶལâ֮ڣɢġ
ٴξӿ֮󣬽᳹Ǻͼ䡣
Ԩܣһʼ֪׷ͷȻ֪
ǽ꣬ʱһһξѹ
Ȼ󣬽Ӧǰ׷ѪͷѶϢԨ
ǰǰŰ˼۷Ѫͬ񾳺ڴޣСĶԴԨʱֱ۵Ƥ⣬ѣѪֹ



ʮ ʹ
ֺȻɫ
Ԩ׷ʱϲܡ
ѣζԨǲһܿն
һն޲дǡǣûҷ𣬳׵׵ɢûиĿܡ
ֻҪλ޲磬䣬ǰ׷ͼıͲʵ֡
ۿţһѣһγɣԨ첲ȴѵѪֹ
鼫䵣ģȽ걬ȫâ⣬ԨǣͻһըΪĲ֫⡣
Ǳؽûŵأλ׽𼶵İޣҲή١
취һ֮뵽ģ㣡
Ƴһ룬Ȼûеκζһ͵ߵʱհ㣬ǰŪǰ
Ͱ֮أʣռΪ఼ۡ
֪ܣЩռ䰼ڣӿ
ͨռ飬ֻǧɢΪӰţڹһ͡
ħ䣬أվݵĿռ䡣
ֲ£纮ۣʹڵȺʲô
һȻ⣬ٿ
ԦĽģλ۵ڵӣŽ½ɫ۴ɫ֡
ʦã
֪ۣӽһۿݺʧС
վֹʱ׼ݺ䲻һ£ãȻ
ңҲ
ָǱڽŵ׵ģӲӵġĽ齣
ݺҪ𻰣ħ䣬Ŀޱأһۡ
ӣݺѡ
ۺȻһ
һԲ̧ۣץȥ
۵һžضţǾ߻ǽ˶Ѫǣɢ˼ܰ㣬ô̱ڡĽ齣
ۣۣ
еűһǻʺѪǱĽ𡱡
üģҲɲǼըѣͼһööӬͷС֣һɫģüڷٱ顣
ɫһ۵겻ٱӻѤ̻Ѩը
ԵģԵħһİ䣬ӰһܣΪһ⣬Ľ𽣡
۵ʬһѪţĿռȥ
һУǾʬ׾ͱˣѵĹͷѪ꣬⣬Ժгˣӡڵ
ƬݵĿռ䣬һȥʬöݡ
۰䣬ץǱĽ񽣣͸ڣѳʩӵĽƣһһ⣬񽣵Ĺ󣬱֮ǰҫʮ
ݺ̾һ
ĺƵܣעӿ
ٲҶλڼδ֮ŮѨϣȺҫ
һâ˲ʹǿ˶ʯߵȥ
ֻ㹻ߣߵµߣ󼰵ĸ߶ȣܱ֤Ȼ
һ֪ſӶܱߣһڴɾħǵ΢ľ磬п۰㣬
λڣ˵İͽ֮ڰУΪһѡĽ𡱽Ϊá
ƥ
磬䣬ǰ׷ϣҲһ٣
ۣôˣ
Ʒڣգգۣ·ǳʣ߽˵ǳ˵ĸͽ
Ǽλ˭³ˣȪɫص˼㣬
㱵󸣬һ㵵ؿ
Ʒµ۹һ˵ȣŪϡȪܵأ˲֪飬òٿطƷߣԶǷ֮أ
˿̵ķµ۹Ȩ󣬻Ȫһ̫Ԩˡ
ԪŪκ˰䣬֤ʵ˰䣬ǼɺĵħҰոɱۡ
κΪŮѪ⣬ôԼһأ
һƻɰ¹ʦݶ޵ĲлӿҪߵꡣǣڻţֻΪǸޣл껹ûдѳ
ȪȻȥ
һϮµܲԕFųҵƯڿյɫУȥ硣
ǾĻ꾯裬ȥǰһȰ档
˵أ
Ѷ֮ȪҲҳɣߴ󸣬ֻҪ֤º޹أҾϵܴ
޴룬֪ξ
µ۹ԯȡ
ˣ׷Ȱ˵󸡣
ƷŦֻУÿһηƷĳΣ򣬲ȻŮʱ²ġ
ԪȥҲƿطƷŮʱµá
ˡ
ԥ룬ͷƲһǣطӰ촬棬ֹͣ˺ܾõķƷٴж
δѯʡ
۹㣬ȻͰΪ飬µ۹ķ򣬸ǻбĲãȪȵ
ŶӦ
䣡
һڵĺâͻӵӿײڸշɳһ·ķƷ
ңµ۹ؽķƷ̽𱦴ĺ󳾣ҲǼҡҡ׹Ƶسȥ
Ʒڣ˶ڼУš
ïּ䣬Ӳϣżܱ̽𱦴ڡ
̽𱦴׹ЩھȻռˣڴңָƷڷʱʹ
۹κңڵΪ״ӵκ޽˿̱ܰŲ
λΪ٣ư꣬ɫ԰ףǶѪ
ⲾܣͷһڣʯƷ
ֹһ䣬ͱܳģӵǶѡ
ܱߣһڶ۹κûøеĺⲾʿɱڣһ˫˫µ˸ҰްĲĿ⡣
ƷˣŮɣһɱ֮
͵һ֣Уκ޽Ĳϣûüֵκ޽Դֱնϣս󣬾ܷΪԾţϴ裬۹ùŻڣӦдۣ
ⲾĽʿȻӦѪȼ
ŷΪǣֻһˣҪǾҪȥǲƬ̳ɣȻ
һ£źޣʼת׷ɱƷڣдˡ
ɣƶ



ʮ ׹
ԨҲ˲Ես
ǰ׷Ͱ䣬ܲԕF硭
ļɱ۵ٹʡ
һڰ޺ɫָͷһ˪
˪ڣǱļšڰصĺݶָͷᶳжľˡ
ʵϣҪоֻƵĴڣֻֻԼˡ
ֵĴҪȫʧȥ
һεΣƤڣѪ飬Ѫ
ЩϾӿţžĽâ̺еռܣӵ¡
۲ɼܿӵֹڷײ
һԴںɫӨ
һǴӱ۹ǽâſռܣ;⣬쾧˿
ͬĸ֪ڣǧ֮࣬顣
ֻƣɱս
â̺ռܵľ⣬δٴ͸ɫ򣬶ΪµսĿǰľǰޣڻռϷ硣
޵͸ġ
һأҪ۹Ǿϲʳȥ
һݣ޵а˳ϣСۣȻǴۡ
ܣȲ곹׸գȲһӳͻ
۹ǵĽ꣬Ҳء
ޣָȫʢս
ûŵأµ۹۹Ǭ½λޣѪϴͿ̿
ԲںˣںкܶһõˣλֿѣҲڵϦ
ҪǣòĻ飬Ҳ
㣬ڣ
ۿţ۰ѪѣֻƱ˪ǣľģʧȥ˴Ԩרעģȥڽ֯âڣйĽꡣ
Ƽ߲㣬âҫ
Ѥù㣬ǽĲдǱݷʱɢضʱۼ
أǹϡƵçϢڶѤù㼯ţᡣ
֪ڣȻλ׷ݣȻӳػ꣬һ̼䡣
ֻǣȫѵٶȣǹˡ
µȲ
꣡꣡
۰Ƥ⣬类ǿ˺ѿɼǡ
һؽعͷ쾧ҫѣĿ⣬ʡ
ϧһؽعͷŹͷĴͽ˿̶Ҫزǿֲ⣬ѿ
һѣ飬һ޿ܻӳ
궼ɻҽܶޡ
ļ٣˼Ÿλ⣬ζȹ˽١
δ
Ȼ䣬һӲӵĹ飬䡣
ϸ֮󣬷ֹɫѪں֮Ϣ
Ѫ
˪˪Ѫ
̧ͷ죬ͼյ죬ƯϷĿС
һ˨˸յڵ·Ű˪Ѫ⡣
ڲɰ˪Ƭƶɡ
һεΣӲӵĹ飬ǰ˪徫Ѫ
һ徫ѪûƤı۹ǣȻͷųӴѪܣ
Ԩı۰ͻ׹⣡
һҪѵĽٴαüеԣٴαѪס
δ𣡵δ
ѪǸյ䣬۾㣬Ԩֻ֡
ÿһѪŰ˪ľϢѪ⣬һ룬ûŵƾ߱׹ǵЧ
Ȼ󣬾ͼԨظı۰ǵεѪûб
߿ĵطӰɫڡ
ڸյϷ
˿˿ƵĻܣµĸյûģͷ߼˪ľѪľ񣬵Ԩ۰
û֪ôжôĳôʹࡣ
˪ѪֻаѪܣҰ˪֮
е˪ֻ֮ȡеѪܣٸһ˿˿ͷѪ˴ΪۣһεѪ߱׹Ч
ǰ˪ѪûĶӳֻ֣Ԩϼˣá
ղٶ
߸ϣڵݺŵؿһӨӨʯͷһĻĻ
ܿնɱκ޽Ʒ׹Ĵݵµ۹Ȩ
ҲźޣָʹЩڼ׵Ľʿȥ׷ӷƷµģͬ壬ͬӪߡ
û¹ʦȪĻܵ
һתС΢䡣
ԨֱѪѣڵĹͷ¶һĴͽ֡
ȻͿһӲӵѪ£ԨǾҪѵĽѪǡ
˳Ѫĵ׹켣ҲȻˣȫʩڱθյ롣
ڵ룬ںݵӣž޴ʹ࣬ҡҡ׹
һ˿˿ѪߣؿȻݳ͸·ЩѪ
ĿѪѪٿһӴʹĻ
ѪĨѪ˪ֻ֮ѪھḶ́ԣιǸ⣬ʹ
ðУϣ¶ʹ֮ɫ
ˣȻţȥһεεѪԨ۰Ԩ׹⣬ȥѵάϵŽľ֮·жϡ
ͨݺܿһһ˴ΪۣȥԨ
ݺȻж
࣬飬̺ɱ
㣬ʼ䲻ӡһ綾࣬ǰĹƻ²ΪԨ֧ʱƴԼУ߾ȫȥػģǰ
ļƣԼҲҪԨް
ǵնǿߵꡢ⣬ԾԿŰ޷Ԩ˿ʹࡣ
ȴΪԨŻҪʹ࣡



ʮ 
һóڴ˵ӰȻڸյð
һλӼףһߴĽ졣
۹ңܡ
ͨʱ̹עŸյڣٶݺȻ
̽𱦴ʱͨϵ˷Ʒ
ƷԪ귢ԨһˣԨ˴Ʒʱĳ
ԼǵãԨƷʱǱǸзܵˣһѡ
ƶķ򣬾Ǵ˿̺սģλħ䡣
ֻǣʱİ仹ûչ¶ݣǸǺģ
ɰ䣬ǴȴһƽĵĮľͷܷΨһһִ
䲻ԼһλعƷκܴʱܾȺУٺͰӡ
󣬰¹ʦ͸ԪѨϣλϽħԺ̫ԨڵȪµ۹
Ƿ˵ֻǵ۹ңŮʱµľߡ
ȷƷܣָʹκ޽׹䣬һڵ۹Ȩһɢʱݺûˡ
δϵλͷβԨͰйͻһͽŮʱϵķܣȻ˸յ
΢Ϊλ׳˶Ĵ󺺣Ӽףչ±ڣһͲǷ
Ƣ꣬ҩͰһըλҽ죬˿ǸյϢɽ
ԭչ¶ĽȻͬ
ѹѪŽż⣬鶯ҹèȰӽ롣
һɫİⴸճ
չҫ£ɫİⴸͷȻḥ̂һɱѵϢǴͷҪը
ɫİⴸ͵Դ
ɽͷ䡣

𶯣ͷдɫ⣬Ĵ䡣
ʱǶͷƤѿڷ˵ɫѪ
ʹƺһͷѪƴеУҲҪԨɹѹصѪֹ
͵Ϯϼˡ
ھʹ֮ʣЩãȻ⣺ûŵڣĸյôᱻ֪͵Ϯ
Ȼתλ֮ͣӨӨĹ˸
һ£ûķܣûоȣƺ֪ˡ
λӼ׵ĵ۹ʿɫȰ棬ȥġ
Уһ˿ԵĳŪ
ڳЦǰķܣ΢ΪҲ
ɾóɱʱԨͨͻȻ
ֻ³һ
ڣʮûŵصľ綾ڣɱС
ܶȥٴģָͷһǻȻУеķ϶ڣֳһƾѪ¸յѪ
׶ʹ࣬СķܣѪΪԨ
֪˿̵Ԩû
ٺ١
ֿ죬ŹֵЦЦǰⴸηشһ
ǼӼףڲྫ磬ת
ʮֶأȻٽʱӼŵĺ⣬⣬ǷܲӰ졣
ٴλӶⴸ紷а㣬롣

һһȥκ͵Ƚף߳һص룬㷴ټҪͷѪȥεѪҲǿ಻ԡ
ͷѪͲƯСɲ
Ӳͷǣǰⴸػ֮£Ҳѡ
ڷܣһӣҹʱ򣬺Ȼһ͸ϼȻ䡣
ڷϣմ׳˶ӣȻƤ
һӰѨ˸ǳâ£ǰķܣ˪˵ӵĹ
͵ضסݺһۣ˵ȰҪ¡
ݺ˱һӵ˿һӵջ𣬾;зܵˣݶ񶾣ΪóԼɵ
ɵô࣬ôãҲˡ
ΨһйִģԪƺҲϲģؼʱָ̻ŮʺҵķܣǺͰ䡢Ԫһ֮ѣ
Ԫ壬ǰ壬صĸԱ֡
ҪѪԨž޴İⳡҵս֣зܵˣڰ
Ȫ죬ԯЩˣָʲôʱͱ㣬Ӻˡ
շЧŮʣµ۹ķң֪飬վŮʱһߵļᶨ׷ߡ
˵ǷңҲǷܵĵٴ롣
ʩˣҡ
ݺһѨڵܣ
ѣ˲仯һǺǧǣ˸âűŷλ
һƣɫҲˣҪƴ֪λڵ֮Ůûкˣֹ
ݺУǰǰڡ

ƳǳؿӶڡ
Ԩ۰һεӲѪĵ䣬׹⣬Ѫ⣬˽͹Ǻ
ĸӦѪ⣬ųѪ̲ء
һâͿռܵʣ类ٴδϴӡ
һؽعͷӲǺڵ
֪ܻţûбΪͷյ롣
Ϊ˿ʲôʲô
ۿţֻɫƣӨû͸һСۣսСתƣ֮ʣʼĻ
֮
ңˡ
һΨܸ֪ģĻȻӳĺͻ꺣
۾Ȼҫ꣡



ʮ ѣ
ݷһ֮ãõΪѲڣΪ뻯سرڵĽ꣬ȫѣ
һ̣ԨȷŽڣ
ڣཻ֯ĽâǵϡçƵĽ⽣꣡
лڣǵŻᷢӳȫܣ
ͣ
۹ǵĽâڲ磬Ȼʮֹ
ԨǼ䣬۹ǽ֯ĽâڣͻȻǧϸ糺콣⣡
⣬ҧȺȿֺǰͺ̵أڣĳȥ
󴦣˪ȻΪâ
糺콣âܼǣ
ǰ޵غܣʴľ޴Ȼóȡ
˲ָ
糺콣⣬أǧǧ֮࣬һ·ݿأŲдѪĿռܣƾ⡣
޼᲻ݵ糺콣⣬ֻƣ
ƣһصף̹ǵĺ͸ǰڣغܵļᾫ
꣡
ըѿĴ죬Ĵ
һ貵糺ţ类ģɿֲ׵Ľ⾫ɡ
ԨУ֪ǹžһ񽣣չɵġ⬡
âȫ⣬Ϊһ㡣
糺콣âγɵġ⬡֪̽꣬Ķǡ
ֱεĽâţκλξϣϣޣϦ
һ޷ݵԣձĲȻ
ռ䣬ǳɵ콣⣬Ҳ޷ڱѹ֣

ƵĺըΪ㣬ڼӲأĵĿ׶
ռϷģǺɫӿֵаĽâŵıѣɾ
Ҳһ̣ʱʱʴԨԺʹƺ⣬Ȼȥ
ƺа޲дӨаը٣Ͳ־롣
뵽ǿŰ׽ͷеĺɫڡ
ǽѣһԨϲܵһ̣ƵҪİܾ֣ͱתˡ
䣬ռϷ磬Ȩ
ԨٿûһСƬ飬ƺСֻۣ˿˿Ƶаߣˮ㣬ǿźɫ
л겻̴İޣһʽ
ԼڲСأûǧ֮õģûŵصĺƺ޵طȥǵеĲд潣⣡
Ԩ
Ԩ
𪣬ڴʱ̣׷׾ϲߺȡ
ǰͰ׷סսˣʵҲڵԨܲסһ
սǰ֪һʾһ¡
벻ڸյƵѪͷѪһε̲Ѫ컯֮Чİ˪ѪעԨı۰򣬽ԨӲԨ˳
Ԩƾ־ô˹ȥ
һضɹ곹
ྡ
ݣ
һӰͷĸյ˺ĵɳ
Ѫǹӣϸ䡣
ԨͷֻһۣͷֱӸյ˺ˣڵݺ
ᡰסһ
ڰ޵аʶ˳ܷģ͸յ빵ͨǸյϣʲô
յɣˣΪζԸݺ
ѵ˵ݺʶôڵĸͽԾӣΪߴı֣
ͷһͺ˻֮ڡۼͻ£۴򿪣һͷϡ
Ȼһǣ֪һС
˲֪ݺǷܣҹϸյķܣӶŰⴸһδεػԿǡ
ڣ򲻶ϵذͷѪͷ˪Ѫ룬ش˴ڱܹš
һͷǴĥ̵Ĵͷأͷǡ
â֮ʣӲͷǣһ顣
ϣͷɫѪģҲ̶á
ܣ
վ·ӶͷѪҰް˻
ͻȻףΪ룬ΪػһδУϧƴԼشһε̺ŷ澫ѪᱻܸϮ
Ϊ벻иһ̣űһһεع
޷ڳϾ֡
ش룬ֱǷ׺ݹǹŹֵİⴸƺΪ֧صѪС
һݺƴͬܺ˳ȥ
Ԩ
һǻݺȺ޹⣬һâʱԨ˵Ϊ㣬˺ءͣƬиһֱ˴򡣡
취
ٲ㽽ȹơ
յеķܣһģɱ롣
ʱ˿̣ǰ׷ս·磬䶯ӰԵü
ڣϸİߣʳѪ׳
ͨͬܡ
ܴʱѣҫϼ⣬ǰ׷İ׹ǹȣϵײţɱ
Ͱ֮սǰնɱۣȡˡĽ֮󣬾ȻҲǰռ
ڰ¹ʦܲԕFɫڣûϢ
ӷƷ׹ģµ۹ߣڱĺⲾ׷ɱԹ˲Ͼﻹģ
ҡ
ۿţ糺콣âֻɫ룬ԨεأŹͨ꣬ݼ
Ҫ



ʮ ֣
̫ԨڵȪŴص𶯣Ӱ
ܵıѪӰΣʼջ㼯ϡ
λⲾĽʿھŵλ磬۷ǿߣƺֻһܽԶΡ
ȪԴ½ޣҲͽʮûŵ߶ܵ
˵УܵĽ죬Ľ磬Ĳ
Сɱ¾гɳܣ곤ڻڻʱڣɱΪԲбѪ
۹Բ˿ҡ
۹˸جΣⲾڰ׾֮£Ϊ
ǿȪҲҺźޣȥͷ
̫ԨڵطĶʼڱá
Ȼ䡣
Ȫһհ׻ڿиţ졣
ɫЩǿհ׻ŵӿֵ쳣ռ䲨档
һ̬˱ģΪŮӣǿհ׻̤Ȫ
Ůɽͼ΢Ǭ½ɽ¡

Ůӣк
ᶯɳƴ֮γԱȡ
ڵһɽͼȪȻһˣŵĻɢʧŮʱ£
ŮӵЦһָָǿհ׵Ļ˵ˡһհ׻ҪһЩ䡣
˵ʱָڿлԲȦ
һһӲԲһԲ£侫ܣĻѪɡ
̶룬Ÿ貵Բƾնɡ
Ȫӣ֮
һհ׻Ĵڣ˷ռ䶨ס̫ԨڵĶѾʩչ
ŸɫԲԲ£ȪŰΧ
Ȼ󣬾ͼȪ类飬ɫԲ֮£Ѫһ䡣
ȪݳʱŮӣһָ
һȺʱĿհ׻ȻƮŶ
ڣ
Ȫǵ񣬺Ȼ뻭ī֭ͿȾǻڲһĻӰ䶯š
ŮһЦת
һλް߰ףѣݿӣЦأϹϾ񣬡죬Ůʱ¡
ŮģƲݣɸ˵ĸоȴΪ䡣
ƺܸܹ졣
죬㶼ˣ΢Цѯʡ
̾һ£ҿҾͿˡ㲻ҿҿԵûпġ
̫ԨڣΪСҵţŮָͷ㣬ȪɱɫԲһɫ˿ߣһָͷתָͷߣ˹˵ǸҲҪĻ顣
룬ҵأ
Ůûд𻰡
ģ³ǿɬ˵ˡ
Ůӻû
֪ǱµĶ֣Ѳ쵹ҲһЦ󣬵ֻ֪ôΪΣΪԼΪңΪ˵۹
Ů⣬ؿһ£˵㹻ǿҲ̣۹𡣡
ΪˣϧаħΪ飿켥
Ϊ£ֻҵūۣΪ˵ŮЦЦ˵죬ΪصǸˡ㣬Ҳɱ͵ʲô֪뿪ûŵأҲع
½µϢԼжϾƺƽϡ
仰ŮȻȥ
ץǿհ׻ƺܶ;ռ䣬һǸӿīĲдǣһƵһ¹ʦϮɱģλڵ課д飬Ҳ£
һأ˺ܶӰ¡
£
һӼԶȣӻ
Էܣ
ŮȻˮ͸һǧ
յ·Ԩͷŷܣŭ𣺡
ͷβŵһֻ֣ңָƯڿյĵ졣
ı۰ѪͻȻѣһ۰ֳģ糺콣âռȻһ
˽Ӧŭ
һ糺콣⣬𣬴Ӹյĵײ͸ֱ﷮塣
ӶŰⴸػķܣԨʱУš¡ϣõŮʱµԮ
֪Ůġ
ֻǣǳˡ
糺콣ִһǣŰⴸķܣѪը
û޳屬Ҳζ
õλҽ죬ѹû뵽ȫעػǵ֮ƿСصԨȻֳܷһֻԼһ
Ŀ
ϷݺҲ¡
ƵܣָʱԨ˻ţŷ֣ܵҪ
ΪԨ˻ֻǲ԰ӡ
δϵһ˲䣬ԨȻԿŵһֻ֣⣬ӳһ
һնɱ˷ܡ
ݺ۾ȷǷܣ͸ˣŵ͵Цĺãӵļһ͸ʬ޴棡
ȻˣԨڵµĿЦ
֣ɱ㷮ܣѴ֮



ʮһ ʦ
Ůʵһö壬֮յõӦбӦ
֮ʣŮʱ¶δͨһʱִ︡յԨнȡ
ʵŮʱܺȣҲע⵽ԨĽ⣬ɾû֡
Ԩһֻ֣ǵ糺콣̺ŵĽ⣬Խĸ
һܶѣˡ
ܵܶһԨǡ⡣
κһλ̤۰׹ǵģǲΪϷ֮
ŮȻҲ⡣
Ϊ˴ĿģҪġ
Ԫ걻ܲԕFɱʱڰҲһ޶ԡ
οܣ

ŮٻӰһûһƮȥ˱أӿŲлꡣ
ǷûŵĴεִݺѰټ֪ȻԵûŵء

ưܳǳϿգ˺ܶ౶ɫУųĿѣԵ߲ϼ⡣
һǷնɱԨЦϼ磬Ȼͣס
ﰵܶ߿ɫС
ڣһشصɫţǰ¹ʦ󣬽һƬƬĳ죬ȼտ
֪ȻܲԕF磬ڲСɱս
˿̣ɫ߲ϼ⣬޵ɫ˳еÿһ֮ء
ܲԕF󣬶ĳɫɼ
һɫڰ
ƿޡ
һֻչɵģ޴ɫˣǳڸ¶
ƲеɫˣȶſɫϼĴߣ±մȾ˲ɾĶ
ݣ
ͻȻ䣬һƥİ׹⣬ɫڷ롣
׹ձãΪ¹ʦ
ʱʦ˵üΪҹУһַһͻɢΣ޷۵ĸо
񵫷е֪һ۹ʦ˵񣬾֪ش
ֻʦش񣬷ɫкһԥݼķȥ
ɫڣ̾ϢһƺЩǸ⡣
ĿŹʦ˵Ԩɫһ䣬˲ס
һĻҲ֪ӺζͻȻðβŹʦ˵һ׷ᡣ
֮ռ䵴ͨķʽڿռз
¹ʦģ񣬷֮죬ֻܿӰ
ĻƺҪ켸֣ǹʦ˵кԶ룬ȴһ̣˲ࡣ
ǼƣҪ̫ã۹Ĺʦˣͻᱻ׷ϡ
Ԩأʼλħλħ֣عħڣͱǻ
Ų·Ӵܵ󸣬͵ضס
㵵أͷҹա
ܲԕFһ񣬾ڸոգͷзɹ
֮ͿһֵĻſռ䣬ǰȥ
ڵ۹ûʲôλŮͻȻĬˣͷ˵˵ĺаħᣬǰ䣬Ǳָʹô룿Ժô
󸣬ûгƺ㣬˵
Ϊϳˣһ׷ɱ¹ʦĻŮʱ޵ǿɱ֮һ
ȥ׷ɱܲԕFѾ˵ܶ顣
ңҲ֪ͷ
µ۹һǿߣҵĽǱµֶӡ
Ůʴ缺
۹ִƣһеԴȥá
ףȻ츳ڣɱϾŮʺ׸硣
ףŮʱºİǺɵġ
Ҵ磬۰֪ġһ̾ǿɱ۹г񣬾ǺͺصΪУᶨأվ󡣶ģû
ͷ֪
ôأʡ
Ҳ֪

һЯŻµĽ⡢ʽᣡ
糺콣âǧ֮࣬ӿֻɫ
ǿŰ׽ͷǵĽʣ˵ӦţһƵ⣬˳͸Ҳȥ
Ԩڽ£Ϣ񣬺ͽ깲
Ȼ䣬һͷڽ꣬ǽǣָı۹ǽǧ糺콣âڣźɫȥ
룬˵ܲԕFڴģνؾ
ؾһֻ޵۾
һƣԨͷʶ͸һ㿴ıĤ
ۣ
һ˲䣬䡢İļŵϢ޴ڣ
һİء
Ԩһͷʶȿռأ糺콣â
ǧ糺콣âδȫ¶أһϪȪʮףȴǧ
ǧϪȪ糺콣âֱԶİ
İĺ˸Ӱ˷ӿһţγɰ޵Ĳлꡣ
ԨͷʶܣֻÿһϪȪһĽС
ǧϪӣ糺죬ɴ⽣۶ɡ
ٴϸ룬㾪ط֣ЩϪȪЩ糺콣⽣ԭ㣬̾ͷϵ֯Ľâ
âһܻУǹϡçƵĽʵ֡
ǵ˿̱ǧĽ
֮꣬ԽһͷʶǣƺҪֱ۵ȥȥ
ȥ򽣣



ʮ ԡѪս
Ԩ
ããһӿڱء
ҹɫˮǹڣһǳǲۡ
ǲ
ʱ˿̣λڵŮҲЩֱ治ƣ״
ҰҲֻܿԨ֣ȴ޷ӦԨĴϢ··ڱʱء
յԼѪ룬һ
ȻСС죬ȻͿʼӿûŵصƶ
⣬ûŵڶվ֮ص̶ٻʶǻ۰㣬ڿеĵȥ
ѪڣӨӨѪȻٴС
ССӰţţȬ֮·
ⲾĽʿܵ£Ĵ׷ɱţЩƷ׹٣Ӵܵĵ۹Ȩ
һ㱣ݺ㿴һƬ֫ǡ
̫Ԩڣﵽ񾳵ȪҲԴ½ܳһϺˣͽڡڵĴн顣
Ȫˣ˭Ȼû
񾳽ȪһݵĻк֮ܶϣġ
ǣȪƲ
ע⵽вٱⲾɱǰռ϶ѵл꣬Īʧˡ
ƺʲôˣһ㣬ܹҰռŲлꡣ
ݺ
¹ּ߲䣬۹򣬳ûŵһ˶ȥ
ûк޵һһ޹ͷ
򣬺ⲾľˣŮʱ£Ĭǰ֮ǰͻͨ
Ůʱ£ŵὫŮɱ׷ǵĺޣܿû
˵Ϊ׵ĺⲾܹͬŮʱ¹ͨ
Ůʱ·Ըˣ´ЩⲾŻֹͣ
ףΪβ̫Ԩڵʦֵһ
üͷصӣ˵ľߣѷλбǺ̫Ԩһ𣬲ǻĿܸ󣿡
һ̾ûŮʱԳ֣ѽȪնɱн
ۼһ׳ΪĿ꣬ҸŮһ۲Ȼǿգҹǲ۹Ȼİ취Աķʽȥ̫ԨڣԺ󡭡Ҫˡ
ˣΪռμҪǬ½Ϣ
Ů͵̫ԨȥУڵ۹ĻС
ŮʱºаħһûŵΪվֽסᱩ¶Ӷ½֪
ʱµ۹ʲôһ᲻Ḳ
λŮʱ£úȥδӣʲôٶ²
ǣռӵΪ峤ҪΪռȥЩʲôܺŮһ̫Ԩڡ
˼½µ۹Ĵ㡣

λźޣһɺ쳤ǹĺڼսʿںϣʶųǹ
˳ǹѪΧԯ
ޡꡱģԱѪĿ⣬ԯ
˿˿ѪߣȻӺ޵ͫҫ֯Ϊ⣬ԯ
ͣ
ԯǾԸеͪ壬ܱ߻磬һʶͷ顣
΢ڣʶ͸һҺǶҺȥֿ˻ĳǹ
ʶɻ硣
ҺȻʧȥƣαӻ
ԯͻȻ˻֮ɫ޵ĺ촽Ҳƺò԰׼֡
ΧλⲾʿλҲ΢ڣһλ΢ڣóϻ֮ǣʩⷽѡ
沫ɱ֪ⲾȻ鴫
һ˳ǹ͸磬͵صɻȥ
ȻӯƣȻóھʹϮʱǸ˳ǹڣոͻȻһ绯֦ļͷѪ⴩͸
ʹģͷƤ飬궼ڲ
ΧλⲾʿµͫûи飬һͷͷޣࡣ
ԯ
һ貹ٲй䣬
ϲͷ졣
һ̣貹Ľ£ڽڸСǳ㣬
貹ͼڵλŮɫҪ԰ף¶һȿ޶ѿЦݡ
ֻһۣ֪ǰŮҲᡣ
ΪҪң
Ѳԯһƨ£ڽͬʱȡһöζŨı̵裬һȥ
ҾãݴͦҪġݺ
ԯһ㶣˵滹кܶˣͬⲾ׷ɱҪҪ
ݺҡͷ
ղ󣬻ԼҵܽҲڱ׷ɱߵСԯ㡣
ⲾĽʿûж׷ᡣݺӦԵѾͷŰɫ컢ơƾĻⲾĽʿҲãҲã봥ùͷͲ
ԯûȥħڣȻ֪顣
ݺΪδڵˣʦܶҲ֪ǿ鱻ܽڲϵǿƣζʲô
ڲܽвڲԵ
˵ѾͷԯĽ˵
Ҳʱ
ӶϷƯҹյµɫУŹ
ǱкܾúܾõľˣǾ߽СӰôֵأվɫ档
౶ɫУϼɣʣĪ⡣
Ȼֻţɲߡ
ȭ˿͸ƣ춯ء
µɫУԻ¶ģһֻչɵģ޴ɫˡ
Ũɫ⣬ʺ㣬²ŵĳڣֻɫ˷ɳɫϡ
˵Ѫҽӿֲס
شͷĿԨ



ʮ ŵа
ӶܱߣƳǳڣܶ˶
Ͱ伤ս飬ɫ߳һɫͱˡ
˿̵磬ֲ֮Ѵξ۷壡
ֻڴˣҶ϶ɫеľˣƾˣ
ĵʱľֻǻξڣͺڵ誾൱ֻη˪誺ͽī
򡰹ŻĿսǡսݡѳռ϶ΪãսͻȻθһء
ʱθߵֻսֻΪռ϶
ľ磬Ȼֻǻξڲ䡣
ͬ
ɫ̤ľˣ˾Ļξڣ
ң϶Ŀֲƣһڴ˾ѽû꣬˺۷壬Ϊĳ̶ȣ
˵ȵȺκιߣ
Ҳ⡣
սģλħ䣬ȻĿޱ飬ǱΪĽ𡱵齣͸һͷܼĽ
һƬƬĽɫۣҹ£ҫŶĿԹ⡣
սʿɷ俪һһûɵСأݺ۳ҡ
಻ԣ̾Ϣʶؿһۡ
ֻһۣΡ
СһţڰţԼǧϸСİ߻иϸ΢ս
Ű׹ǹȵЦɭʱأʱðͷ
Ϊߵİ׷Ǹİ׹ǹȣ͵ôӲ棬ʱն׹䡣
ʱӲʯ۳͸
׹ǹȣźصܣɲ⡣
սһ´أͿվ
λ֮ҳɾĸߵеѣХܹƻģܴ͸ǣȴƫƫ޷˺
ͳֻԭ򣬱𣬺ѹ½صİ׷ʶܶ
ˣ;տһЩܿ𪡣
һ㣬´أĳա
룬תͼ£ʯ飬ܲ͸ˡ
𪵱ϣƮѡ
ѵĶڣȻʳһƣ̺Ű֭ܵҺ
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ıͻȻ޹ǣôӴءΡ˳
ģ֮㵹õ졣
׷ЦţǸصİ׹ǹȣݺݵأִء
ʮĵش̣糤ìѵضγı̵Ѫյġ
֭Һɵ𪣬Żָԭ״ͷ±ӯ
ɫҲƣǰ׷ط£ҲƣӦԡ
磬ɫ̤Ͼᡣ
飬עӣͬӶ
ֻ֪¹ʦǳ֮ѾѸԶݣɻǱһϣͷŻ֮ȥӰ
һ̣ĵˣֻܲԕF
û׷ƣڳҪɱļƣǰһУԨʲô޵ͷ­ֻ׷ܲԕFסȫС
磬Ȼ飬ֺα⣿
һͬƵ¥ûŵĳ֪֮أХ졣
ʯĹԨڵȣ׳ԵùھɻҲС
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¥շţֱǿӶ
¥ǰˣվһֺţŴųϹ˸ʽͭǮǬ½۹ͭǮӦоеأϡ
Цеأһͭƺңǰ
¥ڣһ񡢱񡢺ᣬݺݺĻЦŮ졣
̤ɫУľˣ¥ʱ΢
·Ԩ˻¥
ϡ
ݺԯˣ̨ڣͻȻð¥ҸʽͭǮŹͭƺȾƵš
̨Уӳճһ䣬ݺݺ໶Цģ񡢱񡢺ڣֻдشصĻӿ
ûлˣ顣
֮ǰû֣һŵԯһɻؿݺǴ˵죬ϸϺʹһ𣿡
ҲһǷƷݺ԰׵СԵúǳأλҸʽͭǮţ˵ͷƺʦ˵ûŵأ롣
ԯ΢΢ɫ
ݺʦڵ֮Сơ
Զδŵľ磬һ˾¥󣬱֪˲һ㡣
ԯǵǣλͻȻðţѻǵУ
ֳһ
ݺɬһЦ̨¶һ档
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һͷƮݺ췢ޱĿŮòɱõ֣ȴûѪİ׹ǡ
ݺһ㡣
̨ڣҫ쳤ȹڣһӨĹûƤอ
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Թ۹µ۹б׷ɱͽаߣͳݣûŵСڵռ䴫ߴڵߣʼʱʱЩһ伣ˡ
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ηģߴڣ˰񣬻иھޡ
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ֻǲ֪Ǻ;ˣǵħ䣬µ۹Ůʣǲһ֮ѡ
ݺ֮䣬һˣ̨¶档
ҹУȻһͻƺ«
ƺ«ŵɽͣһһͣһһС
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Ӱģץ˼ѣ;нʮֻĻ̵꣬ȥ
һͭǮţתһۣ˵ǵǷµģĻ飬ҪһЩ
˵˵ӰЦòգޱȣûĿռ䴫ҵȻʲôþµģ



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ŵֻͨصʯС
ǰڵĿռ䴫ûнⷽ߿ݼ֮أҲûбʦʱһʽʺĹط
Ҫ˵Դ½ͼ½ߣ۹µ۹û㡣
ǡаħǱرء
˵ûǰûŵأӿǬ½ܶаߣԴ½½ħ޺棬Ҳݷ
ʢʱڣûŵصаħӿһɹɲ
ȻеһУڵĿռ䴫ı䡣
ѡַڴˣռ䴫񾳵ĳڡڡ̫ԨڵڵߣΪĳϿ䣬׷ͨռ䴫ӿ룬ıûŵصĴơ
ߴڵߣûŵأΪͽء
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ܶʱڣûŵصаħͱɱ˴롣
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һȻԾڴˣЩаħͷͬ伣֪١
ΪаħͷҲҹ
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յߣһݺ˵
һ䣬תӣźҹա
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УŮʴһӣ¶ȥ
ץžɹ״ĻͼԥӶȥ
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Ԩٴεõһ֣ǽͷ֮ԨΪý飬Ҫڰ޵
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ǿǣںⲾĽʿڶޱΪѪʱˡ



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ŮУӿֲֳ̿ŻͼͻȻðˣǱ侲Լڻͼ
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а纣Ļܣ㣬עꡣ
ͬԻĻħǷ·ΪʵʵԨţԨӰĿֲϢԸӡ

ػܳɱ䣬
ͥһӡۼͻԨԶûдﵽɱĵزԨ꣬һӣħ궼ϢĻ֮



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οԨܲٿЩ糺콣âܴԵ˺
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Ůһ˫ӲӵӣҹУųţԲλĸ߹â
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̳ϿֿأԨԳƻ˵Ԩµ۹ܲԕFǰĹʦԸ⣬ӡңڵ۹Σ



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ǵ꣬еġۼͻһ׼ƱػƶΪ
³ǣµ۹עҪߵġ



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дħϣһ̣
Ԩġ޻ꡱεصĻλħڵأĤݡ
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ʮ ȼ
Ụֻ̊һ㱣Ȼתﻻƣʱյߵ
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ûŵأܶϸ΢֮ı仯ռ쳣ص𶯣ǺںݵСѾͷ˲ϢӦ
˵룬ûŵصССΪ
ǣŮʱ²ڰУΪһȷء
ԨǴ㣬âڱ۹ǽҪزʱͷѪϴ˪徫ѪȥֲԨ˴ʱ翴̣㰵ָʹ˷ܡ
֮󣬲зܵı¶ĹҪֹԨĻָ
ˣĺݳѾͷʵκ˶ע⡣
ΨһǸԨ㾡УͼرҿΪ֮ˡ
ܶ࣬飬ᡣ
ôһ࣬ԱһѪ߲ưţͻȻڴ˷֡
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һصľܣţѸٵŨһִС
ŨٴξһεΣˮ顣
ˮ飬ǡѪ飡
һεΣɫ죬Ө͸Ѫ飡
ÿһѪӯһ޵УԶԶȥųĿĹԣĿϾӣ궼Ҫڡ
һνһΣʮεѪ飬ô
κڣѪҲͨͼͼӣΪһġ
Ļ̵Ժ
֮â飬Ѫûоʹɢֻܣصǧ˿֮ɢݿ֮پѪѪ⡣ˣжܽɢݳ΢˿Ѫ߸֣ΪΪѪ顣
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ÿһɫѪ飬󣬶Ϣ
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Ѿͷƫƫܳܣ
֮ˣΪѾͷûŵصĴ֮ԴǷɡŰ޵Сأǧ꣬ûŵصӦ˷ء
ⷽ޾һС͵ȡˣѾͷ˺ܣ˷ء
Ƭأܣ˵صأռ䣬ûŵصζ
Уڵľ뢴࣬עѪѪɳɱ䡣ޱĨȥʶĲлֱ꣬λ
ӮңⷽصˣعûŵأҲˣ



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ûŵأС
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أɫӰ类ǿжס
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أɣ޾ĳУɫڵķ˴ݳֻһۣ;÷ޱȡ
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ںأһ꣬
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λеʷҪֽʱϵľҪϡ
ΪƾãϵĽѵ
ˣˣͼıɣۣҲԤ֮С
ţѾԸˡ
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Ůæµı꣬󣬰װ׸˼£ǸںݵĳѾͷ
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⣬ͷ
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壬һǣȽȽ𣬲ùâҫء
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Ѫڣꡢڣû˵
ڣȻãλİ¹ʦĴʣеء
ǼѰ
Ůаⷽˣ飬ƺ˶⡣



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ҴҹΪҪһȾ棬ҪˡܲԕFȻһЦ˵ԨСӣһ֡
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ү

ԯ녣վڿӶԱߣֱ
ԯֱү񾳺ڵ녣ƺΪԽݣūԾˣ
񾳣Ϊڴ˿̵İ³ǣǾ޽еġ
½ؾͿ׼ʱڳ۹պҵ³Ͷǻ棬¹ֱӡ
㣬ܻſ㣬Ǻá
ԨȻһЦȺԯкȻŶ΢Цͷ
ҲûмڿӶǽʿڹ⻪תĽʣһȽ´أȻ˳
˵֣еĽ⡢â񶼷·¶һ˿â
Уֻôе΢Ҳء
䵽ӶʱԯˣǷ׷˫ۣƺһغʹ
ͬʱԨͻȻеĽʣúǺ䣡
һף濴˿ʣ֪
ΪϢڽײӦ꣬ԽҪ򺮲
Ϥâ⣬֯ɽŽʵײı䲻ӽʿΣԼ
ǰޣǰ͸ļ֮
ԨʱӦ֪ǰ޵ᾧ𣬱˲Ƿڱĺ֪֮ô뽣ʡ
ţ޵Ĳдǣǳ׵׵ػɻҡ
ǹɣǱļ֮뽣ʣǱЩصĽ⡢âЯţӶڽʵף
Ԩǰѽʲô
Žʳںģһʶ̽ԯƤӶе㷢ףǶôΪʲôҲŸӦһ£꣬Ҫըѿ
ǺڵĻδޣҲ˼ҲЦһ˵˽ڵļ֮㾹ȻӦū
ôһ˵ԯҲˣһ¶û
òƣʶԻȥͰȻԨЦݺ㣬ʵݸ녣Կ
£녰Űɡ
ôˣҲû£ԨЦ
ԥһ£녱֣Сأǽʣ뿴ǲԨ˵ֽӴûʲô¡
һָͷմڽϣء
ָ˺ѳһ˿ڡ
˿ڣȻ֮ᣬûһѪʳ
˦ָͷԹҺòã
Ļ磬طȥָһɸڰ޵ı֮Ľ⣬˲ҵָ˿˿֮Ǽ͸ã׼ûȥʡ
Ȼ첲¶Ҫȥ
£ʱرܿ˽ʡ
һҲһѵԯһ̬һʶȤջ֡
ԨҲŹ֡
ǽΨáԯܿ˹ȥЦ绨˵ܺã⽣ʣҵǰʧĽǰѽ뽣֮󣬲֪öôֲ
һԨ۾͵һ



ʮ 
أΪ֮أ˾ĺԨ
Ƶ˵ھĺԨԨףᶳںµıкܶԵޣȥҲв纮ǰߣҲȥ躮ޡ
ʵײĺ⣬ҵĸоУ;ĺԨĲһ
ҪΪļţֺڰı䡣ûĻӦ˵İޣǿ֮ĳۼɡ
ǰڵʲô򡣡
논ʶ֪κһּ£
⽣غڸ֣ǻἫȡѡ
үݼһһǺҲǺҪΪ޽õġôһ䡣
ԯ죬Ц
ʱգ֤ҵжϣش
½أ̷ɽûŵرĿԨȻڷɡ
ڷɣۣκ޽౻ߴΪеӵģһ
½غͱ̷ɽǱߣνţͬһ
Ԩţһķǳã
ңƲԨѰ³ǣүӣ޵ĻԼ֤޴
Ҫ˶ãµ۹͸Ϊħµ۹ĵ۹ڼ½
ңѸûȥ
۱ĺڣȥӦģı䲻עĽ
ڣռңҲ˶ܵ
Ϊѡ̫Ԩڣ̫ԨԴ½ߴ֮һħµ۹ܶ·
һˣԯԨ
Ҳʱ
Ԩһ۹ڣ괫ݵ΢Ѷ
Խԣܼʱ䱣״̬ǾһսҪʱָܻ
֪ԺҪĥ꣬ߵػ꣬ʱȥܽʵ׵ļ
ļ֮Укܴ
ǺལѹţԶ뿪ʡ
ܳһʱУܽǹɺѭ򽥽أȥǿ
ԭá
ԨãֺͽȥͨŪóģǾ޴û龿ʲô
ɽ꣬ûлӦĳȥ
ԨڵѾͷ㣬ӦĶ࣬㡭
ԯתָָأվŵݺûԦǽȥǻΣա
ȵͷġ
ôһ˵Ԩһ£ͺЦţݺȥ
ŻԨݺ飬Ϊĸӡ
ʵû뵽ǰλ԰³ݼңʼʱ͹۸в꣬ȻûŵⳡҵУ˾ԵЧ
ԨȻõλն´޵Ͽɣڴһ꣬Ӷؼʱ̣ɱ˰޵Ĳдǣһٵ춨ʤ֡
ŮʣͼıȻ˶һͿء
ĺţһеģǲǰϷ̸۵ꡣ
Ҳʱ䣬ٿԨʱľòһˡ
ݺлл㰡
ٽԨſ죬ЦݲޱȣûǣǵеĺܶˣᱻⲾ׷ɱɱ
̫ݺ졣
ͷͷһۣһԥȥ
Զںղܽ𪣬۾һ⣬ؿһۡ
ʱݺҲȥˣ
۹һӣݺйӴȻ֪ƺദݺʵʲôں
ֲںҲˣˣ
ݺһֵĮֻһ᲻ˡ
Ӳر׽κˡ
ͨżΣʱһЩ˽룬ҲΪ˱һЩ˵ѡ
ûΣգǹؼʱ̣С
㣬룬ȥģ֮١
ݺո˵ģǡ
˵ֹһˡ
Ѿͷѵת˲ɣ졣
ðȥ̸Ԩнʾݺ
ǹٲֱ֡
ܶĿ⣬˳ƾۼ
ǹ⽫˴صȻգѸʧڴҵߵС
ʱͣˣݺԨˣطϴڵء
ǵôӦʲô𣿡ݺһ۽£һ䡣
ǵãȻǵáԨܱߵĹǣƤ˵ңֳϾԡţףǷġ
գգۣԨٵڣңֲϾ˰ɣ
Ҳ㣬Ҳݺָһ㡣
ķλϷһ̨
棬˲ǹ磬ã˸յ
˿̵ĸյƺƵڲɫĹ⻪תݡ
룬ɴȥ۲죬֪룬ȻһУӰŸյûŵصĴ䡣
벻ǵõԴǸݺ˵ʱأȻĵͣΪ㣬ľԼľѪ
ԨĬһ£˵ͷ֪ġ
õ㡣ݺ档
ȻԨ΢΢һЦǰŮͻȻ˵Ϊ㣬ҶкøС֪ڷܶʱԮ֡Ϊ㣬ΪԺڣӮĺøС
ݺ΢𣿡
ݺԺûŵػкܶڵˣҲеȨԨ϶𸴣ݺܹΪڣڵˣڵߣڽûŵûû̫ơ
⻰һݺȻ
Ԩ㻹ûмʲôɣҿԴȥڵġ



ʮ 
Դ½ߴڣڵĵ̺ʵڡ
ڡڡ̫ԨڶҪһЩ
ңڲһƾõʷԴ½½Ե
ںͽڣ꣬ҩڡ̻ͨᣬҲϵǳ
ڵ̫ԨһǵõϿɵġ
δޣںڱϽɣΪ״ӡݺЦϵ˵ڵݵλҴ̤ţܸҵһ޸õĿɽ
΢ͣͣ
Ԩû¶ĶӣֵҪǾڵзʽĲһһ԰ʦȥڡ
ӣȻ
ڣõȥ
Ԩŵǰѽʣ֮ǰͷʱɢĽ⣬ǳĹϣ֪ͷЩȻбԭ򡣿㣬϶ʺڵĽ
ΪԨı·ҲΪֵطǸʺԨ
ڽУڽңõĽڽڡ
Ƿû˵ȥ
УΪԨõĽʣλն´޵Ľ꣬ʮа˾űڽڡ
ԨֻҪʦһ£뽣ڸ׾١
ǱߣȻҲȥԨԨΪԼ״ӡ
½ȷɷɣڼʲôţʱԨǸһЦԺûŵأͻֿᷢ϶еطֲŸˮʱֻҪԣҾժ㡣
ݺЦü£һΪ
ţһΪԨͷ
֮˾Ϸһӣ˵һЩķ飬¡
Ԩ߹غܶطŹܶܣϣʱݺ滨ݣڸطףϣҪԶԶݺġ
ݺһ̸Ҳ˺ܶʶ֪½ڣҲкܶޣɢɢɾۼ
գݺҪһ۹ңԨҵ
ǰ˵ԺǻûŵأڵĿռ䴫ɹ޸ڵ˳ϣûط
Ҳ֪ԨǽȥԴ½ȥ
һӣУ۹ҡ
ԨһһӦ
ݺ£Ԧ۹Хȥ
طرֺԯ녡̸̸ԯղܽˣȻħµ۹
۹ڲޱӦѾڷˣΪ³ǵĳħڵ۹ĴˣҪȥִ֡
ղܽҲأһȥ
¹ʦͭǮһ̸ͭǮԦš¥ƿյȥ
ǰƮڱȸյ԰һشл
ħʱֻԶԶԨһۡ
ڰ޵ڲСأģԨģǾ޴Ŀֲ֮
Ǿ޴ĴڣԵɱ޵ĲдʶŤתһС
ħÿÿٿԨ뵽Ǹֲľ޻꣬񾪼¡
ƺ֪Ƭûŵشѽúߴڵˣб顣
µˣ׷׳룬װûгֹ
УߣȻذ³ǣû⡣ܲԕFЦ˵ȥһѰһռ䴫»ָתǰҪ뿪ڳڣݼˣ㾡ܷģԯӦġ
ʦ˵İţǷĵġԨЦ
Һ𪣬Ҫͺܶ˹ͨҪȥ飬Ҳ뼸աܲԕFָָ룬ڣҲõİΣ
ͷˡԨ
Ӧõġ
䣬ܲԕFʹ𪣬Զȥ
Ҳħµ۹
Ԩһ⣬ʣһˣЦݵأԡ
ߣΪûŵصĺܶ飬Ҫݼңү֪һ貵Ը񣬲̫ű˵ת
Ļһֱ԰ɡ녹
ʧȥڵ֮λڳ۹ҲȥúѡͶԨ֤һǾˡ
УԨǰ;
ҴûŵذɡԨ˵ͷϿԺҪ
΢
ڿеģĸյ³
Ԩ녣˵
۾һϲ
ӯźƵĸյԨڵУÿһκĿķ˵̩
ܿ죬ڸյ䶨ȴûпĴڡ
֪ڵϣڽĳɱ䣬Ըⱻ
ԨҲ⣬ƬֲսݵλãһƨʼֽţͥС
ҫ֡һа־ඥ㣬ֱӿڡ
Ԫ̩֮ĴڣȫëϸףܣĻͥСأҲǼ䣬ãã
ûԥУרעС
ܿ죬ͷⷽյٲȻһеʥأ
ԴԴϵڻͥڣܲϴµȥһֵľ
ڻͥڣ֪һΪؼ
УǽʯҲ޿ڰ㣬ѸٳӯȥϴѸٵΪ
ڣ룬յȻͿˡ
еԨ֪ʱţеעڻͥĵ
յķţȻ
֪յԶƳǳأͿƯţǸĺ֮ء
յأǶǸ
µһûŵأ·Ȼһ͵һ
ԨȻڿޣ֪ʲô
ͬڸյ녣ȴڸյʱһɴ˦˳ȥںߡ
վںϵ녣գԺΪģԲʮڣʽĻ䣬ѿһƬȻ
ļŵĴأȻ䣬㣬ˡ



ʮ ڶ
³ǣݼҴ
ĺˣ
үӣϢʱɫ쳣ĳء
ĺ֣һɽؿڣѹ֡
ڣү貣۪λϣλݼѣûѡĿ䡣
֮۴Ϊҵĺͬ£ٰ³ǡ
ûŵصľޱ䣬ݼ˲֪飬֪ܱߵûŵأ˶ٵĿ⣬öǿ߾ӿ
ݼңڵ۹ֻС壬û̫ϢԴŵڲ״
ǻĵģֻǰֻԼ¡
ҵ½μûеõĺϿɡ
λҾߵˣǰȻڱչأȥξ
Ȼ䣬ͬ£˰³ǣݼȻš
ϾĿɽ̨Ҳڼڲõľԡ
ԣڶ½Ԩ֮֡
ԼǱߣһϢ
Ӣˬ۪վڵڣеȺļƣüͷһ壬˶Žš
ܶ˶֪ݼλŮӣڲǰƾʽ̤
һζеŴ򿪣Ѫת澭ܴļޣӶ޿ܡ
쿣츳ҪߣԺǼĹؼ
貿Ŀ⣬Ҳο˵ͷ˵
Լ˵кڵˣһȥĺ۪üͷĺǲϼģΪޱкڵһĺͬ⡣
ͣһ£ֵ۪ڣƺĺʲôŵ˵ĺ
ĺѾʽļݣ˱Լ̬ȡҲ²⣬ڱȻĺһϣʲô
ĺ񾳺ڣѾ̫ͷˣչأҪξ
ɻξͻƣ䲻ףĺ˺ܶ꣬ǿ񾳺ڣƲ
Ǳߣܹھͻṩĺ⣬Ӧûͬңȫ֧
ǱߣΪ츳ѣͨƿң϶Ǹʲô
еѰˡ
̾һǽڵľѾ㹻ˡҩݣֻܶѻţ޷۾ˣҪȥĺϹֵĶ⡣
˵ĺ˶ء
ԨȥݼƬļ֮ش˺ܾˣôûϣƺҲݼˣûݼҲûسǣô£
ǻļ֮аɡ۪
ֹطʲôеģϡĺܡһλݼҿ䣬ûŵش̲ס˵ûߣԸⳤʱΪЩûκΣмֵҩݺͿʯ
ҪǣҲûʲôǿޣֵȥɱ
˵ʱһλݼˣɫŵشҴҽ
£쿳ȡ
һλˣһŹ˵õһ·ǰеżϡ
貲𿪣һۣɫࡣ
ĺϹдģҪǽСԨҪСԨĵػ꣬½ڣζ
ү˵ⷬĻ
ԣСԨľ磬ԺεһǲҲ͵һٴλجج۪ŭ
ĺϹ֣˷Ҳ
ҡҡͷҲ֪Ϊʲô˲ʱ䣬ҪǰСԨ
ȥҳˣ۪ȵ
ԯڳڡ̾
ô죿˳ˣԼңҲְ֧
ĺôҪˣȻ̣
ԨСүҲǻļ֮أʱûл˰
ڣҲҵˣ˵
ڣ˳üչ̾Ϣ
ĺĽ٣ҪԨŪһ£ֵ˶֮ݼңԵú

ҹɫһ̤㰵³ǣѹ֡
Ůˣ̫ԨȪһ˺ڷֺⲾûм׷ɱʹȥһûŵеݵаޣܹţȥ۹
۹ǱߣҲˣӦ
һˣ񾳵ΪܿƬ֮أһ·ط³ǡ
ռ֮ڵ۹Ʈҡ֮ʣΪҪڣ
һִﰵ³ǣһ֪㱻
ڸ򣬼ļй졣
һشصֱӿڲͬλдٰ߽³ǣû̫Ρ
³һǣΪƼҵƬأϢΪϤ
ɣ죬˼顣
죬
һӻƼҵķλȻ˲ӳ
棡
Ȼɫ
ҡ
һִԺ
棡
챻׾տտˣ񾳺Ϊռµ۹ǿĸʯ
λ¸صռˣԭʼվͣ񾳺ڣûҲͻơ
ҲˣǰͿΪռҵδξ飬ټΪռ֮
տտ𾴣֪ΪΪ˼塣
ǣռˣȻٰ³ˡ
Ļž޴ɻ죬õλ˵ָʾȻڵλȥ
ԭƼڣٴα𾪡
ĽˣŸоҵĺҵķvȻҲС
տտĺvһǿߣҲֽǿߡ
УȻ˵㲻ԤС
طָţȥʱò׵
ȽԭƼҵĵãһۿģȻǱܻ׽󸣬ˡ



ʮ ĳ
Ƽƾɵڣһʯ
۹Ů󸣬۹£λǱɫ˿߱֯ʯϡ
ϵĽɫ˿ߣһˣżβС
ǼβС㣬Ӳӵģ˸űĹ
ֱµﴦеŴܺѪڽ׳Լ
һöº׵ıͷѹϡ
ʯϵӢŮһɫϣǰͳг߿Ϊš
˿̣Ů޳˫ȵֵأǿͷüĿƺ
ߣһĿη塣
ģһʯͬĵ۹ǵʹͷɫĮһԲ
ܱߣվţţʮ֮ࡣ
طĴ£һͱˡ
տտĺv⣬¼𣬷֮ڣռҡҺҼλĿ䳤ϡ
˵õóģǿһˣ
ʮˣɢڱǰ³ǻƼҵĵã
쿴һǰˣ΢Ȼᵽ˺ԵѪζ
Ӧڵ֮⣬СĹߣڻƼ󣬹լӵѾɱ
죬ã
տĸߴӣһһ
еߣ˳ƿ˹
ʯ󸣬һ֣һ⡣
ʶأҪڽ
ʣںδǲǻûŵأɱ䡣
һڣһӲӵҷͣݺݵҧȥ
ӯ촽ʱѪƺһ;ϵѨϣ˿˿Ļһ˼ơ
󸹱ķڣۣһЦؿ
ڵӣµһתսԵüΪ׳۵ǰͣͣһӣſ۾΢Ц˵аħΪ飬Ӧк֪ܶ飬ִƵ۹ңôһ嶼εġ
޷ɿ򷮳ʱ֮飬ǲεġ
ĵѩǰҵӣ˼һˡ
ڣֹһϣӭȢҺͷá
֪ȷ̬⣬Ҫġ
ŮʵʱҲûӦ·
ʱ̣ǵ۹ŮʣȻǵ۹ǿļ壬ǾԲܣҲȥΥŮʱ־ġ
ڡ
һ뵽ûŵصķоҲڵǣ֪ŵڲʲô֮١
ˣŵع̤밵³ǣͷֱˡ
ռҡҺͷҵĴߣ뽵٣ǽǵǣϮʱͱܡ
֮ûеһʱѣΪԷС
죡ûŵعģܸܲǣǱʲôտк쵽ǰ˵ǶõȷϢ֤̱ӰӣҶȦаħеħħ
˵ͷ
һͷ˶һȻʮ㡣
Ȼ󸣬׵ˣտһݣȵħһ壬ħһ壬аħҺǺǺصĹУԴ½ǱߣǼ½ħҺ
еˣ׷Ӧ
쿴żˣ뵽뿪ǰŮʱµǿƾٶĵ΢ǿ֪ںͺڵλξûŵزһͷ߼˪Ҳɱˣкܶߣˡ
⻰һ˷ܵˣĬ
Щ˵޹ءŵķv̧ͷ˵ζΪʲôŵءǣֻҪڵ۹ڣ鷳ұǲܸԴ½ͼ½һ
ĺͣҺаħᣬֻб壬۹ܲǣ档
տտͷ
ˣѴĬҪҿԴ½ͼ½ţаħĹֻңûйϵ
ǾǱȫµ۹ķõ۹Ƭء
Ǹ֪Ůʱµǿ֮ǣһ̾ŵأŮʱ¼޵еġǾۼڴˣŮʱ٣һӲѣġ
߰ͷޱȡ
ҲãûкаħΪ飬ֻҪڴˣڳһС󣬶ȫʬ
̵ʱѾȥˡտ΢Ц˵
Ȼ˻
ˡȷϢԴ֤ʵҪôˣҪôҲˡտģ죬㲻ضǣ̻ġܵģѹܡ
⻰һԳһ˿ҡ
ҡͷƺôš
۾ҲȻ
ң³Ǳߣѱʽvӻֵϼңţϼˡ
ʱͻȻֿ죬Ц
۾˵׸磬۰ҳŮʱµλѷˣ
Ȼ˺ѷεĲҽС
ҲȻɫʯϣ
ֻǣһµеȴڳûʳڵܺѪ
һһ߰㣬
³ߵģݼңҪǱҡ
ҵĺʱ򣬺Ȼ䲻ôһ䣬ҴӦ˺Ǳߡ
տտзvˣɫ糣
ǶԣһССݼңʲô
ĺΪǿߣŵ۹ĳݼҸˣһⶼû
ݼң
Ȼɫĺһۣ˼С
ĺ˳ǣм˵һݼңҪʲô
㡣Ҳϸ˵
ĺ֣ȻӦ˺ڣһȥ
֪Ҳֹĺı䲻ݼҵľƣտտˣҲβܵ¡
ǣǸԨ֪ˣԨûŵû֪ᷢʲô



ʮ ͥ
ûŵأϴ
װ녣һУʱĵ
ˮ峺ףĵ죬ŨŨİС
ɴ㣬ŵͺ档

һͼãã޾ˮ㣬ڱǣͥСء
˵ѵֵڵڣʱգȻΪŨ
һĻͥСεһ΢΢ۣЩأǰĵ졣
֪ܼͥ
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һɫɫɫĹ⣬ȻһϢұ쳣ܣطӭ
Ԩ͵һЦƸ
ų⣬µѨϴ꼻һ֡
һнеԨ磬һٲĹȻײط
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ⱾǡɷħԴħ
ֻһ׸ߵġɷħ鶯طèͷӹɵ»
վطķں𣬶ɷħʱطѪ졣
类俪Ƥ⣬һ·ȥ



ٰʮ ɱɱ

طʹ˻־꣡
ȻͷûŵԹɶ޾ں޶ɣۺԨͥСܶĳΡɷħȴΪ
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ĵ⽻֯ǰǹǶȣȻȡ
ѵǽڱطңôƫƫԼֱ֣Ӻ͸߳һطȥս

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Ϊ֮Ȼǰ꣬صڣô͸
طɱɱˣСʲộ
ѡ񾲹䣬Ԩϣżͷ



ٰʮһ 
𣬺ЦݲõԨγԱȡ
谵ĻƼҵãԨնɱط𡢷ǰֱͦһʯصĽâ¶
ԣطʬеͦӢΰ
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֪Ԩ⣬˭Ǳ档
ʶԨ֪Ԩı֮˷ؽطɱˣͷǰݣ̡
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ԨȻʧЦᵽС٩ˣͻƵ΢ʶֻǣ΢ɵʶܸӦģҲͬ𣬻ߡ
ֻҪ㣬ڱϢܸ֪
ֿ죬ٴδЦѵ㲻ãһԷľΪҲ㣿
˵䣬ֵأԽֱ
ʯϵŮüһ۾ˡ
һߣҲһ
⣬ҵμֺķڣüͷšΪһأɫõأؿǷЦ
Ľɫ˿ߣߵǺ궼סԨƾʲô⿪
ںЩɫ˿ߵԨļƣҪѣڴ
ڴԨЩɫ˿ߣԸ
һ𣬷ԨֱԽһ£ҲԨͼҪ󸡣
ȻһûԨĳЦȻŭһ˿㣬һѪ壬һѹꡣʩߣ񾳺ڵķvǰ㵹Ҫ㣬ν⿪
˿ʮ־ɣߣִ켶УնϡԨ֪˱˿һǣԽյԽֱ͸Ѫ͹и
㣬͸ΪˣֹѹϵѨϣ겻뿪ܲʳ׳㼫ѲȦΪףϧ쳣ϣѹҶ⿪
ӷ׵ķڣȻЦĿԴļơ
һ˵꣬ϣɫȻȥ
˿һЩŵģֻ˽Ĳ
ϸ˵£֮ȻùǰԨܽ⿪֮
ʯϣ۹ŮǰغԨӡ
΢΢ͦأϵĽɫ˿ߣתڽ⣬еԣ͸Ѫ⣬Ѫܹͨ
˫ӣı䣬ȴڴ
Ļܳɹ𣿡
½ڣûŵʶԨڲ֪䣬ʵԯ㣬Ԩǳεġ
Ԩãľȼϣ֮𣬾ûͨԨػ
ɱ˿Ŀ֮ʵܵģʱ޿̵أ֪˿ɺͶѪͻ
Ԩһغ£ɱϾֻһ갡
ǾΪ켶ԨɶǷȱİ
ţλ۹ŮʶأԽأ֮⣬ƺøбˣȻ롣
Ψˣ֣пƽ⡣
飬ʦˣ󣬱녶пܡ
˿㣬ȷֻԨ΢΢ۣɨһۣһββӲӵֱµͥеŴֻﲢǹؼɣ
С۾ڣһ
㵣⡣
ԼЩãȻͷµеӲӵɻ룺ѵ
ģ֮
Ԩָüģöº׵ıڵһϵõģ˷⣬ðȻȥƱ˿㣬Ӧʱʶ³
󸺧Ȼʧɫ
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Ҳвѵԭڣ
öڵ͸֪뱻ѡУڿ֮ȥо·ģ
Ԩĳ֣½صĺΪ˺ܶˣҶ룬һ
˵ţӰһΣ䶨
ָסһɫ˿ߣһǽɫ˿߾ͱק˳
Ѫ䣡
һɫ˿ڷ͵رñֱɫޱ䣬ѪɫڲѪȻġ
һѪ⣬ڴеŷɳʧѪɫ˿ڡ
ʯ󸣬ӯ˵ˣۿɼٶȱøɱ
ϣУ
Ѫڷš
̬ӷײķڣһıýýݣԲǷӢ
Ȼ̫ţһҪ׼һ£а취Ƶ
ڵľٶǽ䱸κⷢ
ΪԨˡҪĵط
񾳣һƿʧȥѹϣпԨİ£ָ
󸣬֣û취ѹƵġ
ĺݾЩڵ۹֣ŴӻƼҵ뿪ػᱻɱ
·



ٰʮ ׾ķ
ڵͺòԲ˼ٶȣ˱仯
仯νýߴ絶̣Ѫڣһ˫۾Ҽ㣬žȻǷ
Ԩж˲ʧȻֵļһ
ˣԳªò̬ʾˣǰķڣôһࡣ
ԨҲ֣ǷòڣΪ丸˷ֺͳª
ڱ仯֮ٿڣͷֺͷ߰˷ˡ
ӢӲʵķڣƤЦɫأšѪɫ˿ߣԨ˵Ҳǰ
ʯϵ󸣬ȧǶݣѸ
㵣Ҳ򷮳ڵı仯⣬Ȼʶܴʼգ˽ⷮڴˡ
λҵļʲôҪƽӹͼòʾˣ
ԼչֵĴѺͰĽģһҪҽõ̬
һͷˮλҵļ˿ǰİ
ˣˣ
ԨͻȻĪӿ졣
һʹţؿڶʹ
ǰץһѪ˿ߵķڣò֮󣬴ѹôڣ
ڣҪѲĶ࣡
ݣ
Ѫ˿ߣӷзɳһĨ硣

ʯϵ󸣬ȻʹУͦηʹһѪ쭶ѪɫȪ㣬򷮳ڶ
λָ֮繳һѪ߬
һεξӨѪ飬觡
ۣ
Ѫ˿ߣǼ䣬Ԩ磬ߴ͸
Ѫ˿ߴһԨȻɫɫĿ£ȵѪ̣
һ󸣬ޱ䡣
½ǽѪ̣˽̵Ľͽ½Ҳ˺Ľɫ
ΪҵļȻѪ̵ķ͸Ѫ̵Ľͽ
ͬڵ۹Ӵ𣬶벻ֺģɫԵļһѪ̵Ľͽ
֪ĻߣΪҵĿɽԴ½ڡ
ңҲƣ
ɷеģȻѪ̵ķ¸ûж֪
ص
п·һʶڣٴοǹ졣
Ѫ֮ӡ
һڣѪһεξӨѪ飬Ȼʩչ
εξӨѪ飬۵أı
ԨѪ˿ߣ类ѪζԨѪ͸
һϸĽҪǿԨڣԨһ֡
󸣬ѪķţӯɱĿ¡
λ۹ŮһַǳĸоԼ뵽ԨѪ⣬ԼѪҪ㣬뵽Ԩڣ
ԨĻͥΪеδ˶Ѫڲ塣
อѪ⣬ᱻѪŵը
ԨȻǣڱѪҲĺľĶϾ
һ̣Ȼ֪ѹں
չֵģ͸¶ģĴѣαװˡ
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ˣѪǹʸںġ
Ѫ̵ķǱѪϿɵĽͽ˶಻ϲһħħͷǰ㣬ƴϮɱ
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·룬һԹŭ飬һĳͽ䡣
Ѫ̵ĴڣѪ̵ĽͽϾɱԴħħ㣬һ֣ȫɱ
ô˵Ҿͷˡ
һЦ˵ҺͼλϣطѶڴ˵õģطһ£ѴݳȥǱߣյѶˣҪ̫ãִڴˡ
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˶ţԨһиͬ
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ԨֱڣѪ̵طѪתӣڲѪ⣬
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ۣ
죬Ԩڴ
ÿһ΢΢һƤŤһ¡
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ţֲڵѪ˿ߣŨѪĹڵ໥伤ҳͻ
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һ۰ⱻâתȻʹ

سȣ͵ؿ󸣬üģö
֮ϣӡŵº׵磬Ȼʡ



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ͷҫ׵磡
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λ۹ŮһʱҲ͵س
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ѨϣһɵػɱɵʩչӢ
һشսʿĲл꣬ߴɽһɭаɱС
ͼ͸ʡƿƤ⣬Ѫ
ɾ죬δʺ񷶥Ǽ䱬塣
һ£һգ紮ƾѨϳ֡
£׵ᣬǵĴɱ
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һöǰͷüĵķģѹǣƣۻѪ޷תĻԴͷ
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һ㱣ͷԼȻʯԨǰվš
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ӢȻɫ
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ѹˡ
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㣬Ӧ֪Ӣɣ
ںϾأĲ²⣬ˣһڵģɱ᲻ʲô鷳Ϊ˵ˣ˵̺аħһ£ֻһΪҲ֪顣
ȻӢζԴ㣬ɱ㣬º˵ˡ
Ѫ֮ӡݵĲλŮһʤȯյ̬ƸĻ⡣
⣬һ̣
ͣ
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Ԩ֮䣬һ糺콣âӹ
âڡöȻѤӡڷ׭ϵ£ʱ޹⡣
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ؾ֮񣬲谭Ȼü˳
Ѫݽߣ͸ɱݣ΢
һ񣬲û˶ήҲս

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Ѫ˥ߣڷں֮䣬ʱǵǣʱԻʹǵüѨϡ
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ڷִʱʩԮֵԨһƨأ¡
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ĺ
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ǿԨ״̬ҪæԨѪ˴ѷڡѪ֮ӡƺ⡣
Ѫ֮ӡֻҪܽ⿪Ѫ֮ΣܱȻ⡣
ľѪõеָܻ
ȥѪȫʧѪǣλҲûˡ
ԨԼһը
Ѫ̵Ѫ֮
ûлӦ飬ڵأźͻȻٴʩչҫֻ֡СͥѨϴŸָͷСҵĹţȻҫ
ͥСأٲйŽ񱩳
ҫ֡ȫ֮ܣ߶ţѤõ⻤֮£ݿӿѪ˿ߡ
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Ԩ꣬ؿâĿܽϣ쾧նѪ˿ߡ
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֮νѪ֮ӡһ̣ѡ
һģϵĽɫ˿ߣһββӲӵᵽΣգ֪ûѪˮѹեֱӾʹϷߣ˷ڵڣʧڡ
Ҫҵİˡ
һԨĺΪź



ٰʮ ҿЦ
Ԩദһֱ
ֻҪԨʵʱԨر
ˣܹԨǷ飬ԶĻв档
㣬ͨ½أ̷ɽûŵص¼Ѿεõ֤ʵ
Ϊ½֮һҲڱѹ֮Ԩִơ컯󡱣뿪
ڱ̷ɽûŵأͨԨջ
˴ܲԕFУ֪Ԩݼңܻ鷳ʱҲӧԨһ
Ͼ£³ڣֲвԨһ⣬һ̣飬ֲΪ

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ʯϵһйâһ֪Ʊܻ⡣
ûŵڵ飬չֳǷֶΣǿԺ𪣬ܲԕFɫ
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ҪҰæѸٻָ𣿡
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һڣ¶ӰںˣͷӰ֪
ȻȻ̣
λ۹峤ʱңֱûƷߣͫӰӿţݳѪ
㲻ǽѶô
ߺһӦͳŵ롣
ȥĺտտ֪ʲôӶƽⳡҾ֡
ţϢ̬Įأݣ˵οʲôҵͷҲ޲
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˵ţں֣һӡ

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ڵķأʱռֺȻ͡
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һһֻͣš黨ʹѪֹû
΢ڵŻξս飬лأ
ڽң
񣬺˶Ļ֮鲻Ҫ֡
鿴һԨ
ʱԨѾӶ̬վ𣬻һֽţ򵹵غѪֹ
һߣһЦе˵ˣСأοεĵѣԼҲͰˣ붯ΨһϹ֣ôˣĲ࣬ô
ͷ˺ܶ࣬อѵ𣬲ѪһɫסڣԨΪ˳ڵ۹Уĵ۹ʲôŮʱ£ס㣡
һڣ鵹ǹŹֵЦ
ҡҡͷ״ǸˣӦ㡣ǵ۹Ůʱ£ȷܣıơħµ۹ҲǿԷʩġ
λҵļԨϵеҿЦˡ
֪֪ûŵڲйôһޱ䣿֪֪ԨڵУ˶ôҪĽɫ
ˡ
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ʱһΣһ࣬Ҳ֮£Լǰ
Լһ䡣
ϣ仯ˣĪڴˡ
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ҪԼţۿû䣬˵ԼıŮǰ
ֻǬ½ôһС۹
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ԨǱߣͷϷܸӦλڸۡڡ鲻أţ˵үүԼҵʲôˣڳǵ۹Ķڸǳطţô
³ǣĵ۹Ҵ̫õġԨ
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æˡ
³ǲԨ֪ľƣ̫ʧأҲǺż
ͬ£վϤĳ
ȥʱĺȱʣԨСƱҪεʶǣ



ٰʮ ûסˣ
ڣԡ
տտͷvѰʵҪŪûŵص״Ҫͨԯ֪ŮʵĴϣԯһҿ
ԯ˰³ǵĳųħڣһսߡ
ͨ;˵ûŵо䷢ŵߴڴѵؾ
ڣΪ˽Ϳռ䴫Դ½
³ǣûŵأһҪ
ܵõԯŵǽᰲźܶˣڰ³ӶûŵأؾߴڴһƬ
ĺҲͬͷ
⣬˽ģҪŸĳ֮ʣﺮڣңԨݼ鷳
Ǳ߷ˣǰް˻£ԷԪڸͽ
޵ĻԼãչ۵㣬ᵢ¡
ĺΪҵϹ֣Ͳ޺ԨĻԼȷԡ
Ʋ𣬿ɶڵޣСΪ۰Ӧ𣬾ټΪ峤˺ǱߵһЩŵΪ޵ĸס
ޣҵǣǼ֮ϣ뵽񾳣ʶεĺ󱲣
ҪޣǬ½ƽ·ԨİܱʣӰ޵ǰ;
ˣտտvˣԯһϴĬĺᣬֿʼ׷Ԩ䡣
ͱ˵ĺɫʹͷֻ˵Ҳˡ
Լ֮̾Ϣݼ⣬Ǻ沢ûȷ֧֡
Լңܽճɫ컢Уҹ
ϵڣվڵڣ˵
տˣҺȥ
ħڣǶԴԯʱҲǲָ
ΨڶԴʱĺŸǰưտտͷvλ񾳣ûзӦöֻС¡
Ԩûŵأ㾡ȥѰ١
ԯЦӯӯأһΪ貴ԲȰ˵ǰǰ³ǣ˳չ£
أĺЦĵ۹ǳضһţÿ죬ÿһҹµĵǰûʲôؿԣأһ֮ƶģûվûеǶ¹أ
ԯгħڣҲֻǸ㱡棬Ůֻ΢Ϊû
ԯʸƽƽҲû̻ݼҺ財
ССݼңֵ̫աvʱ򣬳˳ǣȻһЦڵ۹ģλŮ˿̱ڻƼңңӵ۹ڴ֮£СΧ⡣
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ԯɫ΢䡣
󸣬񾳵ΪӢȻסˣ
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ף
Ȼ䣬տüͷ΢תһ
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Уռ֮죬һԼѸڴĿ⣬ż
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ˣǺȻˡ
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粻ڹ
үӽ٣İȵĿ⣬ԯҡͷλˣܹʶѶҪԨ
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ԯ֪ʲôҲ֪ʲôһЦٻʢ㣬޶ˣӱ´úܣ̶ܹѨûŵػοССİ³ǣ̣˵ʲôġ
仰һһãȻóǲɵˣ
ޱȣŰɣЩڴ
Ǽλ񣬶ΪȻԯ˵ⷬʲô͸ݡ
Ԩûŵڳʲôˣ
УҲֻ½أûŵطԨйӴ죬˵Ļ
ʼճĬţ̬죬΢΢ֱͦأڴؿſڡ
Ŀ֮£ԨͥŲأ̬ѵ˽
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߶ĺϣЦɣ
ĺֿ죬Цݲ̣ңңѰһˣãã
ǸڻƼҵһӣȻܸһЩġԨЦЦ貾Ȼ˵үүҡ
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Ƽң΢΢һһ䣬ȥƼڻƼңǼطں𣿡
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ҾͲˣ޷ҩݵһЩɡ녵



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ܻ棬׾ҲҩݣΪ
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תǰҩֶΡ顢ӡڵػڣ
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˵Ϲհһ£Ԩǲ⣬һӣС
»չһЦǽ֮Уһ
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ҩô򵥵ģǱиţҲǸѾͨ
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أ˲Ļأռ˺ܶ飬׳Լ飡
ЩԪ鵤бһЩ裬ͷݼңֽүүһԨ˵ȻٸһҪ뿪һӡȹʱ䣬һٻݼ򡣡
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ŵĻԭ£ͷҷŶ׷ͷ
ӣԭϳĶڡ
¶ѨһλΪɫеӣʲôħ󣡡
ţҵġǷȥˣһ˵ҵľΪֵóħߣ׷ɱûŵغܽǱ߲̫ƽͭǮµˣ͵͵ȥˡ
ħλãӦҲǴûŵضҪԽ۹ȥƬ򡣡
붴ڵߣһͷĻҰͷ겻ϴˣ벻⣬̾һ˵۹º󣬱ûŵأ֪ƬֵĵطΣء
ʲôΣգɫеϢʵ
˺ܶˡںͺڣλδޣͷ˪ûŵضɥЩ˱ȣǶӬĽɫҿɲ룬Ī氡
ûŵأ׷ʲôɫдʧɫ
ֻ֪˵Դ½ߴڣܶҲɥˡڴĿռ䴫󣬻ƻˣʱܴ͡ͷߣǵǣҿǻǻһȥɣȶԣǶʱ̫ƽ
⣬лڴˣԴ½½ţҺ
ǣҲаɡ
̸ţӰԭڵĵضϢ

ħ󣡾Ȼħħ󣡡
ħ󰡣
ʥǣħôӹ򣬴ӳշţ
Ȱ³ǣģĺΰǳڣܶվڽֵ㳡߸ͷ׷󣬴ӳǳϿշɹ
˳ǣûŵأ۹ǳ֮һ
ʥǿļ壬ңҲ塣
ʥǣҵķԴأһ۹Ůӵڴˣ׵ܵܣҲڴˡ
һ۹պǿǳأڶǱ
ԣǿĳǳأǲɳ۵ġ
˽֪ģ۹ġ̽𱦴ķһأʥϿշɹ
ɡħ󡱣ںʥǵĹأ˷
ħħҵҲħУ˺һħķʥǷɹ˭Ҷ˵һ䣿ֽı£֪ģħ鷳ɣ
۹ʢҪˡκȡϣΪ֮ɾ˵ѹⲾˣѹ˵һң鷳ֹôǿ󰡣
ǰκϣ治ϡ
۷׷ס


ħԽʥǣڳһС䣬ͣ¡
һǾţеʯеԨŴ˷쳣ۡ
һ۵ģ»
»ֿ죬ȻһЦ˵ȥʡ
գͻȻħڵĴնȥ
ܲԕFѸա
ֱǰһҡħȻͣûŵأϷվ»롣
ܲԕFУЦͷȥǽ
ͷβûмħڵħߣҲ֪»⣬ҡħϻжˡ
ȴ֪ħġħ󡱣ħĽƣ
ħ󡱴ħؼ䣬κ۹ħӡ
ôһҡħ󡱣˭Ǭ½۹֮⣬κεĹȳǳأȻ裡
Ҳ۹εŮۣ̫ǿ󣬶Ժ˶˶ѫħη
ħġħ󡱣۹ڣŮƶĹأ
Ҳֻ۹ֻŮʣдȨ
ħͣҪһˡ»ܿЦЩ죬Ҳˡ
ˣԨ
Ͼ֪ˡ»Ц
һ䣬һƬĺħ⣬·С䡣
Ԩվڷأͷȥ
ĺħµһһˡŲ֪ļŶĴ䣬ƺһ˺۷ʱԡ
õĴ䣬һ¥ͥԺ滨ݱء
һ¥ڣȻ߳һٻӰ
ĺħ⣬Ǳ
ħٿȻţ뵽ħ󡱣»Ԩǰ

Ԩ
С
ѵ֪Ϣ֪ħ󡱻֪»Ҳڡ
֪ħڻԨ
ԨӲ֪Ҳ벻ᱻħ󡱽ɣһͬǽ
Ǳ̫ԨУкŵ½ӡ
̫Ԩڽύķ棬ħġħ󡱹ϣĳԨ֮⡣
˾ʱħٴζڸ߿շš
ԨڴˣⲾĴ׷ɱ֮ûŵطʲô
һɫȹվԨǰ΢Լѯʣֻ֪ϼңħµ۹۹ڲһЩ飬Ҹ״Ѷһ֪һҴûŵ뿪󣬺飬Ͳ֪ˡ
ʱ£ûŵصı仯ѷ츲أ̾Ϊֹ
޵Ǵ䣬ΪǷǹʽһЩĳ𺳡
ʥǣûŵؽεԶûŵأͿµ֪ŵصŨߵּ䣬ݱء
ˣҲƫ֮ˣͼȥߢʱһӴʶ档
֪еǸԹ˳
˰ٰҲûŪ״ֻĬĬȺ
Ҳûʲô۹Ĺʦˣε񣬽ٵŵءˣֻǵ۹ŮʣǱܻ׽Ԩſں˵Ůʱ£Ǿ˵ıȻزˡ
˵ģ֪ġһԹ֪ЩҲʵԨ֮ǰǿܶණģҾͲţ˵ô򵥡
Ԩʼ磬ֵ̯;ˣ治֪״
ˣһšֵأһۣû׷ȥǽǱߣҲȥİɣ
ţȥƻƣܷײʲôԵ
֮ˣڡħڸԶżȻļ䣬ʱ򣬶С
ʱҴңҡħʥȥ۹ȥʱĳͣһ
º
ħϣֶһŮΪ
һŮȫԺ۹ƺħУѡĵӡ
Ҳ»㣬ȥǽ򣬽ֱǰ½
һŮڶǺ۹ģħӣ˴Ϥ
»ġϼңһŵһˡһλݰͰ͵ӣбԨһۣ˵³ǵݼңû˵֪ʱž˵ġ
ɫˣռңεļòƺ̫Ԩߵýɣ
š»
̫Ԩڵˣƾʲôǵħϣ˺ߵ
»ٺһЦָָգ˵֪Ϊʲôȥ棬ħʹ
ħʹ
һŮǰΪڡħ󡱣ڻ
»ôһ˵˿˿գ鶼ЩӲҿˡ
һӣˣȥԨˣŻͥôȥǽ
ƨࡣԨͷػӦ



پʮ ͬħ
ݰͰ͵ӣԺ۹ĺңк
ҵˣԨ治İҲûʲôøС
̷ɽʱĺ@ͺµˣȫǺˣֻϧغӹƻ󣬲Ȱسȡ
գ˹ڵһѶѿݹǡ
ңΪں۹ĵλܸߣء
ǰĺȻҲҵˣƺѹ˴С츳ͱħѲʹУԴͳħ̤֮·
ںңСע̤ħĺҲˡ
ں۹ܱ۵ˣࡣ
Ԩһƨࡱں󣬺һʼЩ㱣оǲˣ
ء
ͬԺ۹ʩ˼ЦţΨ²ңϽ͵˵Ҫûһ顣Ӱ³ݼҶˣ˵ƨ࣬㷳𣿡
ʩң˺۹һǿƼ塣
ʩ˼ͳ壬˵ΨһŮӣҲСġ
Ƿӻû̬簫СţؿڡѨҪƬľװ
ʩ˼СҲСڼá
ǰȴĹͣΪ׳ۣͺǲ
Ϊͺ൱СζǱø󣬴ħǸӱء
㣬˵ƨࣿ
շӦ˳ǣӣڳһƣ˵ҿʲôʸ˵ƨࣿ
΢΢¶ʱܱܷͻȻأƣȻ׹
ħ󡱵ļװ壬ƾһ硣
ڵĹΣӺҸƤչ͵ؿȥɫ쾪档
ħӣϰһԲϣֱӿɵķʽ
ħ£ҲĬ£ڲӵĳͻս
ߣǿߣħǲĵĹء
ԨΪħӣԨֻǻͥʱӦл𾴡
Ԩ˵ƨ࣬ǿߣħĹأսѵ˵ùȥ
ħ
»һԨЦţ˵ڵΪ߳һ󾳽磬ҪҪ
ȷʵҪһľΪȻ˵ƨ࣡»֪һ£Ŷԣħµ۹ġ֪ʶ֪չҲ̽ŵĹأ
ģ϶ԨҲħеӵܣԨ̫ͣħĺܶϤ»վˣҲûͱ˵˼ˡ
Ҷһ밲Уûû˵ķϻҲ»䣬ǰ̤һվںǰҪҪҲ̽ңôأ
ϸ΢Ѫ»ָͷӿ
Ϊһȼյħ棡
ħɫΪɫͷųءİҵϢ
ħ𣡡
ʩ˼һվ𣬳»
һ˫۾ǽţ»ָͷӿĻ棬˵û뵽˵Žڲ̫ãȻ޳ħѹͬľ磬ָء
˵У棬Ҳۣؿ
ңں۹ֻС壬Ȱ³ǵݼҶ硣
ңΪһ棬ں۹
Ϊ΢Ͳһ棬ڿһ̣ȥħǱޡ
ΪһЩ飬ǰħغ۹ħ󡱣ǰǽ
棬ǡħڵСڣȥħħеˡ
ħ𡭡
Ŵ»ָ⣬ݶĻ棬ƵϢҲˡ
ħ͡ħ𡱶ħĵͽֻһףһǰ˽ס
ںأΪͽסн׺͸߽ףÿһȽףַΪŸСȼ׼ȷ˵˷Ʒס
ԽߵȽ׵ԽףȻҲ
ϸߵȽ׵кܶƣƩߵ츳磬ûкʵĵҩ︨ûⷽԣࡣ
ħ𡱱ȡħСȼζšħ𡱸޳ɣܸ
»ڣͳڵʱ䣬
»޳ˡħ𡱣
ͬȾ磬ͬΪڣ»ǵĴȺ̫࣬ƾšħ𡱵ܣʵñȺǿ
ħ𣡡
ԼһƵɫħ𣬴»ָݳҲ𾪵
ƲƲ죬ĲҲ֪ò»֣СֹϼңȻǺҵĵ񣬱Ͼħµ۹ˡ
⻰Ǳ˼»ǵõۺ֧ţ޳ɡħ𡣡
˵˵һǷˡ
ԨħӵܣҲͰˡԹֶһԣЦԽԽˬ̫Ԩڵĵӣȥǽǵħ󣡡
ȻԽС
ңбռҪǿħӵܣֻԴ½ߴ֮һ̫Ԩӵܡ
ô
ԨһҲŵӣԼˡ»ҲͲˡ
ǰ㳰Ū񣬿ֽŭˡ

»Ǳߣ˿ȻһЦûҪͷ˼



پʮ ħʹ
µ۹ʱڣռ˽Һϼҵģ۹塣
ִƵ۹ʱռҺϼң
˵ռһϼҵĶͷ˫
һμ䣬췭ظľޱ䣬Ȼ
µ۹ڣħµ۹ϼҸƿ֡
еϼˣüٿʱһֻʤĸо
̫Ԩڽύռңͺڽ˵ңע˥ȥԼңħڿõԯңƶ
»ȻŮ̫ԨڵӣϼҲͬ·
ǰϵͲãԺ󻹻ὥнԶߵ̫
ռͨʲô˵ħʹáħȥʥǣϣ»֪ʵ顣
ţռΪˣȻ˲ƵĴۡ
ãƽ͵ǽͳˣ;бħӵܣԿ༥䣬˴š
ħʹأǺҲ̫
ˣѡԹۣơ
̫ԨӵܣȥǽʲôҲһѽЦݣϸ˵ңΪܳħġħ󡯣Ȼԭġ㲻֪ԭΪ㼶𲻹
̲һת˿գ֪ΪΣħʹѽ
ɲʾҵĵӣж˲
ǱħУħӵܣħ󡱣ҪȥħǱ
һҪ
ħڵĴմͻϸ΢Ȼ
װϵħӣ棬޴ӸӦ
ֻԨһ۾΢
쳣֪λصħʹǾ˺
Ȼ
ſҪа죬ͻȻֱˡ
һԼһǣȻĬĬ
ں۹Сںҳͣζħʹľ档
㣬Ǭ½ħӣֲڸ۹ÿһЩͷһؽħС
ܹħʣѸ;ո¶ͷߣϾֻ
ҡħڣ»ʩ˼档
̣츳ֽĳɾֻ߲ͣ͡
½˶ţΪ屦ħֵģһЩѹʲô
ħʹ֤ԼǰޣΥ棿
ǣħϵħ֣ȻǹһΪ
ħ˵أô޳˰
ʩ˼ûлصԼλãյ»ǰ²أָصɫ棬˵»һ֪ħУҪⵤϡʵҽǲǵõֵ裬Ÿдħ
Ԩǰ»˸ԲԵ˵ûʲô裬츳ãײأ޳ˡ
ʩ˼ţûû˵ѯʡħ𡱵ϸڡ
λ۹ŮƺҲԹħ𡱵УϧûܳɹԼķΣֻתбħ
ԡħ𡱵ģûԼͬȼ»޳ˣȤ
㲻ȥ磬ȥŵġ»ɿָָ棬ڣ޳ħߣȻ١ԼԹӦñҶĶ࣬ȥɡ
ľһʲô˵Ҳǰʡʩ˼棬û̫ྴ⣬䣬ֶ»ʸͣ
»һͷۡ
ԨЦЦֿŴȡʯԼС
΢Цۡ
Ȼ䣬Ԩ򴬲գüͷһ塣
µǣħλصħʹųһƻƮȻһֻħ۰㣬ͷ߳ߴĴ
ȿһ۴գǻλãԨ㰺ͷ
ֱأһƻ
һףԨĺ
һ룬ħʹһƻ˻شա
Ϣ֪ģ·ѹûͷŹ
ԨԼҲûбˣᵽԾ
ǣħʹˣûʲôÿġǰǽ˳ħܲԕFİţҲֻǹȥײײѡ
ʶѶԨĺڣ
ţħλħʹȻ
ڣδ¶ħʹûлѶ
ȻһЦԨҲûԣתɷħȡʯڵϴѪʱͥСء
ħʹǰáҫ֡ⱻġ
ҫ֡ϾԪڣλɽԳħʹƼˣָô롣
ɷħԱڵġɷħڡڼ½˾
Ǹˣħħڵˣ˵ɷħڡҲĴָԴ֮䶼ǰ塣
ˣСɷħڡħħʹУʲô뷨
պ󣬡ħ󡱴˺۹ʽ
뺣һ̣ʩ˼»ˣ׷״״̬վħأ˷ܵε
ˣƺҲǵһΣʱǬ½ޱ޼ʵĺ֡
ǰιصԨ޶ԣȱȱ
㲻ӵܡ
ͬû棬ȻڣԨ



پʮ Ԩķ
Ŷ
ԨŤͷԸɵ̬пڴ塣
һصʯм֤յУûһ͵
һӣɢԵʯĩȥ
ǲħӵܣҪ𣿡
ȻһЦԨȡһöµʯģȤأ棬ڣһʶ΢úŬȻ츳ʩ˼ǵĴ򰾣˹Ŀ࿴
Ȼ
Ԩ˵̬ȣЩŤǸо·ųѧ̿ӵС
ԨǾ磬䣬С
֪ǵĴǿʩ˼ͺֵ֮
ӦҲˣɷħڵġɷħɷ࣬ڴǷ棬ɷħһֱ˽ֵԨҲ̹ףᵽѪڣ̲صıอǿ̶ȣԶʩ˼ͺ
ͣһ£ֵ»ʱҲҪǿһء
ħĸĿ಻漰ǴģǼࡣ
ǰ޷УȻħʱнӴûлѾȥĦħЩ
֪ǰ棬ȻҲ˲õħ
˵֮ǿֻǱ»ʱһأɫƽͫȴȼһɶ־ҪϾ˼
ȥħ޹Ԩ̬ȣ»ṳ̂½ҲһħħЩ֮أúô˽ǣг
ȻţƺΪ
һЩŶѡԨ̬⣬ûйͣûٶ࿴棬ǰʯű顣
ĴԺУк»ĽϾ⡣
ֻţǽ̽飬µ׹䣬ǰˣ뺣ס
ûô򵥰
ͥΪЩκͷۣﶼԹ
Թ¹ʦĺҰš
ǰ˵ͥΪȥǽ
⻰޵
ΪҪ뺣ףҪ̤
ʱеŴ򿪣ѪҰ澭ת磬ˮУɺ
ͥļ𣬰澭ֻܱںˮڶݶ
ԣֽľ磬ȥǽҲ޷»ǰ㣬Ǳ򺣵Ѱ׹ǳƬ
Ｅ˵ͣȥǽʲôˣҲǺ˵
ǣһЩ뺣ˮڵΪá
Ҳرϡ󣬼½ڣܶʦơ
ǰʱùһЩ뺣ڣ֪ʹá
ڵвûܲԕFǰҲûи
е㷳ˣŵȵǽ򣬿ܲ˭ʲôţʯá
ôˣüչģ
ƮȻǳЦӯӯأԱ߻¡
Եͣȵȥǽºе鷳Ԩʯͷƣ˵ŵǱߣʯö뺣ڿ
㾳Ľףܿ죬ôţڵִǽǰϸĺһϮµţ֪ǲ̫ԨԵʡ
˵Ҫڿڱǣںףͻˡ
ҡͷҾã̫׵õķǾƾֱţʺ츳ֿܵġ
ĳԨġ

ԨȻʧЦħ󣬷Ǭ½뺣֮ʱ䣬ִܵǽ򡣰ʱ䣬ɻͥڣֱСãҲδ̫˰ɣ
ڿЦɣ»ЦһҲٶʱǡԨԻԨ֪ģҲʶҪڻͥѸٵִҶ֪
Խʲ迪ٻͥСأԽѸͻơ
ͥڣһ죬򿪱СءҲ£Ԩ츳һ㣬ڻͥڽûͣʱ䣬Ȼܳġ
аô»
⣬̽һ£֪ԨͥѨˡ
˵Ԩ³ֻǿͷ˳ϵʳԨڵ״̬
ͥܿǱܣ˽֪ʵ
Ǽ棬Ԩ׼Ļͥʻ
»ôһ˵ûϷˣҲǰʡ
ħʹˣǰս
Ȼ䣬һֱſŴأ۾Զ·ʩ˼ָһСĺܼأǿ쿴
ոչ»ôһߺȣȤ
棬̵վȻҲ֪ʲô
󺣣ȥ½ԶԺ򲻺档
Ȼðսʩ˼˵ܼңпͷˡ
ף
ħش»һ£˳ǣЦݲãԨǰڰ³ǣǲǼ֮ڣ
ôԨʵ
ɱ޹»һ۴գ˵ڴӰ³뿪󣬸һ·Ǳ뺣ڹڵЩûкܶൺ˳ûû˻Ҳе죬ŷˣߵġ
ûеһ˵꣬Ԩվԡ
࣬Ԩ̧ͷ
ħٶȻŻħλħʹǿøϸһ㡣
ĺСȵĵ죬ʡƷηֲţдһģĺϿգѪܲ
λԨӷף̬֮ͦ׳ӢķڣɺѪϡ
ڵϿգѪƣ͸̱ǵѪζ
һѪ⣬磬ϵЩߡ
ʱߣѪ⴩͸صǣɱ̺ܡѪѪװᡣ
ÿһѪƾͱ񣬶ϵķڣɢƾԽǿ
Ѫ̵Ľͽ
˵Ѫ̡ʱɫ΢䣬һ˿񣬡˽̵Ľͽһ֣ǸϾɱⷽκε۹ɱУǵǲģӦû̫⡣
Ǭ½ͼ½룬Ļɢĺ
⣬С
ɣСԴ½½ĳȻλҲЩж֮
ţСɵӡ
Ѫ̵ĽͽڴˣЩǾе顣
ݰ¶֮ؼ½ȥѪ̿ޡ
;ЩɺдɱѪΪ˻ó񾳡
ԨѪ̵ݣ˵Ǳ¶ģ
ҡҡҡͷԨ˵бˣ˳ۣ󸡢ʱͻ֪УֲֻýǱصֶóӶ¶ݡ
Ѫ̫Ϊڵ۹Ϊ»ۡ

ͻȻӡħڷ䣬·ĵֱ׹Ѫϡ



پʮ һү
ԾµһԨһۣڵħʹ
ΪӦԵ겨
Ҳ˵ħ󡱣ǷħʹΪ
棡
ﲻԣԾ֮£
ͬԺ۹ʩ˼ʱ˼һתͲ³ȻصħʹˣԻ⡣
̬ڡħϷŷڸߺȣѪ̵λֱ̫ݰƬɣܹɱĴ޵ġСĵ㣬˸ˣɱ˾Ͳÿˡ
Ѫ֮ϣɫ΢
ħ󡱳ֵʱˣ衣
ΪˣѪ̵ĽͽȻ֪ħζħ֪бǿ
²һҡħ󡱣ȥħµ۹Ǹ
³ڣƶѪطݱ¶֮֮ȥ̵ľѪ̵
ΪѪ̵Ľͽʵзִ磬ʲôǣʲô˲ɵ
ħ󡱴ħħӵܣǵġ
ǡ
ʩ˼ĸߺķ䣬ڻڡħϷƼ»Ԩ
»ͱħУħնĵӣ֪
Ԩô£
Ԩǿ̣ڵ飬ɫò̫ÿˡ
ڰ³ǵĻƼң׷ױԨ裬Ԩɱط棬ݰ¶òӡ
ûԨ֣ͶѪ̣Ѫ̵ڹħµ۹ˮ㡣
ڣѪڵ۹Ĳֺıֻܱزۡ
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ͬĻݺҲںڵһλŮԳϽͣӦòħӡ
λͷ߸𣬶ŵڳϣ΢΢һЦ˵ֻҪħ϶ĵӣԸûʲôġλϿݺǳ硣
ͬʱ
ԨظӦµħ󣬽³
ڵ졣
ħλħʹܲԕFЭ飬ҲֻǽԨƽǽ򣬺沢ûš
ǽԨַħӣЭҲֹˡ
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һ۴գԨԴδħʹ֣Ȼ»˵ˣȥݺǱߡ
»Ӧǳħô
ԨЦҡͷ»󲻽⣬ʩ˼Ĺ£һԾ

ӡħ󡱷ڣ;Ҳû֪ޣԪڵ꿴ԼҲ⡣
СԨûŵʱݺ档ԨȻһЦЩڵĳϵӣؽԼǸݺϣҾǿһѰɡ
ܺúܺõѣݺǰվһţЦеأЩڵ˽ͣûŵأȹ
ļٵģû˵
ʦãûŵأǺ˳˵ûŵصλҪõѰλδ񣡡
ʦ㣬ں˵ˣ֣˭˺㣿ƾʲô𣿡
Ǿǣ
ڵˣߴߴأΧݺĻ˵ͣ
ݺأƳԨһۣɫЩΡ
˵˺Ǻѣ˵˺ܶ飬˺ĹϵûйǰԨ
ѩ֪ԨûǿɽΪǱ¶鷳
ԨЩ
»ڡħϷ֣ħգǽڲħפصĵȥ
ţͷԨҲ
Ԩͺһȥסݺ˵֪ģҵҶкܴơ
⣬ûкħһͶԭ򣡡ԨЦ
Ԩ
ڵĵϣƲߺȣ˲˺ܶ˵Ŀ⡣



İ 
Ʋθߴòʣںѡĵ죬һ亱ʯ
䣬ɫ׹⡣
Ʋ¶Ĳнɫҫ쳣¶⡣
˿ʱЦԨٿȻʶ
Ʋӵ۾ڴ˿̣˵Ĺԡ
ܶླû޵΢ߣֻͫ˲仯ҹ˲ֱӡ
Ԫڣɽһ
̫ԨǱߣ˾
ƲӵͫȻһһ죬粻ͬɫĹ
ͫֱнɫɫĻ棬ȼ
Сߣ۾پһƬŵ⾳Ϣ
ܶ˵˶Ӱ죬ϽϢ񣬲Һӡ
΢ڵƲӣʶʶãȻҲޱȡ

ڵݺƲߺȣĿ⣬Ԩ˳ƿȥǣ֪ƲӲ⣬æѡ
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Ԩ۽ǣػ⽦䣡
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Ԩħӵܣ
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Ԩ۽ǻĽһ̣ʲô˲İˣٲ
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ԨҡҡͷȻһЦҲҴ
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ԨҲ֪Ϊʲôûеִ΢񣬾ԡۼͻǿ꣬ܺ͡ءջͨ
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ԪڣһɽͷɽǰŲϡ
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ڿʼеˡͷ
˶ɽƲӣáȥѵԨѹûռˣ
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ᣬߴڵ೤ϣ񾳵ͷߣҲ档
ҲƲδռˣֻ޵Ƿһ̨¶ѡ
ͥΪðƲӿǶ֣֡
Ԩԭȵµ۹Сʲô



İ ڶ
Ԩʲôͷ
̫Ԩڵĵּ䣬ڣɽӿɽһλϣسѯʡ
ӿɽ۷Ϊ̫Ԩھ粻ߣΪƽͣһ
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ǽҪģѧں桢УʶʯͱֵܳĻݡ
ȻмսԣֻҪӿɽͷɡ
⣬ںڵѰ̽죬ĥ£ħάӿɽȥҲ޷档
ԨƲӵĽ棬ƲӶԨʶûܻѹơ
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ǣܹС»ںϵߣǬ½
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³ǣݼҵүҲŹǺ޵δ򡣡
˵ԨδʱƲƲ죬һ˿ЦǱôһȵıòáûǴ˵УǸճɵɵģζ䲻޵ˡ
Դ½ߴڣ˴˻ʱ߶
޺һǰµ۹ȻᱻȽϡ
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ܹңǰľΪϼĺأɨϰԨ鷳Ҳˣ
ŮΪԪڵɽɽϱĪҫ

ڵ졣
ݺһЩŮٶԨʼߴߴţǽĺףʲôģ
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һңһĺһգһᡣ
ӳãķʣߵǽȻͬƫƫศɣǻɾ͵ĵ·
Ԩ˳ǣЦݹ졣
׿Լ̸ƲӺ޻ǰ䣬νɲŮò֮ϡ
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Ըһʵ⡣ݺЦţ˵һᣬȻӦҪŲߣȥ˵ˣħУҲ³ħǱߣȻҲҪɡ
ܲԕF˳ħڵħһ£Ѵء
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ħڣǺһԨ
˲һݺҡҡͷħڣҲڵһݣõħɣħڵˣһ
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ƺСı仯ʵζԶ
ħڣѵأҪһݣ磿
ħڣЩȷԽԽǿˣܶ˶óħڡݺ֪ʲôһܲԕFݱ¶׳٣Ϊ½Ϊħڣ˺ܶ󹦡ħ⣬ǿͻƼޣƺΪԪˡ
ԨһԪ񣿡
ݺصͷ϶Ԫ񣡡



İ һݣ
ԪǺɣǲǳڵģһҪ׼
ʷƾãԴ½ͼ½㲻䡣
ĽڡԪڡڣҲֻڡڡڰڣ֮ΪڣΪԪ
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˵ߴڵĹŻڣһλԪ֣ùŻ˳ΪڵĿܡ
ϧǣŻڵλԪ񣬱֤Ǻ
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ΪˣԪҲʹۡ
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ͨ۹ԪУΪܲԕF̫Ŀˡ
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ҲħڵȷҫڣħսնɱԪڵߣԪں޵ˡ
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󷽣з̺Ʈ
һ̿ķ̺վźڵЩߣһڳϺͲμĵӡ
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ԨԾȣҲԶԶͷǴк
𪾹Ȼǽ죬Ϳݹ¥ޣƺһֱڽ˵
ԨӦͷһħ޵Ļͬʱɨ



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ħλǽĴޣôտԨ֪ͷһʱӦ
ħ޻һյɫʶ͸
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˵Ļμ˴˼ɵӲӴ
ܿ죬һյɫһŻ棬ͽұ۰
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Ҳ֪λ޾ʲôûС
ߣݺỹ˵ڵЩߣͬߴߴأȻ쳣
ỹѯݺԨôʶ𪣬ΪκߣҲϵ
ݺ˵˵ܲԕFˣûŵسֹԨҲ󴳽й档
ԨܲԕFĹϵ֮飬û˵
Ҳڴ˿̣Ԩ΢
֪ħ޺λⷽ۲ӣԼĸоޱ·˺ܾúܾá
ʵϣֻǵ䣬ֻһš
ɿ𪡣
ǿݹǸ¥ġ󡱣ԨԿЦʾ⣬Ҳֹħޣλĺ棬лĿ̽
˻ξǽ򣬶ֹλĶ˵һʵ
λĵȼ͵λҪ߳һء
˼
ħλһλޣ
һˣԨΪݺᣬһ֪ˡ
񼶱ħޣ˼Ĵݺľ̫࣬ǵĻС˻ξԸܣ붴죬Ҳ̫ͬࡣ
Ʃ硭
ԨȻע⵽λаڡȺУոջڸ̸۵ĳħڷҫֹͣ˵һ˫ȼյͫҲ
ҫ飬е󲻽⡣
Сӣе찡ʲôطôһһע⣬׷Ի飿Сʲôͷ
ҫģԨжô⣬ֻħλޣԨĹ۲졣
ԨĿЦ
Ҳû뵽һΨһһҫģΪôڣֻħλ޵춯÷ҫӶɻ
º
ħĹڣһ͵
һҫЩаڡڵ˵ӣǶĳߴţһڡ
ͨͨ
ѪǱߣҲһӰԾ뺣
󷽣ڡںͺڵߴڵߣҲ룬ͬħ޷ŷĽͣѡһλֱ£ͷ£Ǳڡ
Ҳȥ
ݺȻһЦ˲һأһתһЩʦã˵ǶںҲùܵġ
գͿԨһ𡣡
ȥɡһߺȣԼȷɳ
뺣ѰһСĵ죬Ϸ
ڵϣȺЩߣ½
ڵЩӣʱ򣬺ݺȻһ£ָһλͷ׷׽룬ں֡
ǽǰԴ½ĺ򡢽Ӻˮľ顣
ݺͷߣ˴ϤһԤݹԶš
ϷֻʣԨݺʱ΢Ц˵׼𣿡
ԨӽڣǺ״ĺȡڿڱǴͳݺ˵ͷʾû¡
ݺ֣Ҵһ䡣
Ŷõġ
ԨҲСڣǣȻ֮һͬԾ
˷֮ʱѸǻһСʯͷٳһǹ⣬ݺ뺣һڡ
ݺɣڵǸѾͷǴ˵۸ڶСӣͬʦֵô
ǡˣûκڵϢǵ·ӣеɷħڵζء
е졣
аڡڣ֮ǰļԶû״ĹŻڡˮڵߣ
վһϣҲе
Ѿͷѵתˣ
ӱڷ֣ΪϣѾͷûжʲôˣҪ˵ʲôǵĶΪλԨº
ԨεºܣԵõѾͷ
У屦ݺʲôõģڵδ
ݺӣº͵Įʵǧĺܡ
Ԩ쳣׽Ἣѽ⡣



İپ Լ
˾ֹΪǰ
ڷ̺ϣƲûż뺣ڣΪǽ֮УֻͬޣûκĿꡣ
ѾͷԨ֣ӵһ뺣ƲҲ
ԪڣƲӼүүĹϵҲԳһĵһ
ΪԪڣпţͥѨϣĿ
ƲӣҪ硣
ݺ۹µأǱȺ򣬼ǹӭĳ
ƲԪڣһˡ
ݺǵ֮ڵˣ
ڵʷϣûλܹݺ㣬ӳʼȺ貣ض
ݺߴڣֽԴ½ʵһˡ
Ʋ֪׵ԪڵżӳɣݺȣҪһء
ԪڲλͥѨϣŹϣδɾԪߣ˵ݺĸȤ
ݺδйʲôɫû¶¶øС
ˣԪڣߵ顣
ݺ϶أΪڣһƶߡ
λܵݺݺģԪھ൱ڱѪУС
б
ˣλݺʾãԪ¶Ρ
ֻϧ첻Ըݺ˲Ȥ
Ϊ˵ĴڣƲӶݺûκ뷨ݺǽĿ֮£Ԩ֣һ뺣ƲҲһִ̼
һΪݺλɫȷܾʾá
ΪԨĽŮӣϵδ
ƲӦǣ޹лԼǰ˺󣬶Ᵽʵ룬Ӳ׽
ŮںڣҲ̹ˣ뱻ڱл
̫ںһֽԼĴڣ˼󣬲Ʋ֫Ӵ
Ԩں
ڡħ󡱣̸Իʩ˼Ρ
Ŀأݺüȥ
뵽Ʋһӻ΢ʦãͷβûںʲôԼԼ㣬ûж⣡ʲôԼԼ
޵ͷʦ⻰Ǻ⣿
ǲ㣬ʵһֱںģƲѪȣȵںһֽԼģ㴦ӣұž룬Ϊʼλõİɣ
˵ƲӼǱףųҵѪӿڡ
İŮӣͱлԼҲͰˣа취
ﻹűˣԼϣǾˡ
ʦ֣ǵģˡæ̧ͷ
ǲᣬֻ֪ƲӲԼ侲׼
һ̣Ʋɱļᶨδ֮㻹ںô
һһ棬Ʋ뺣ڡ
˺ˮһ滹ûˣ͡أǱȥ
Ķһᣬһ̾һ⣬Ҳڳڡ
½½ߴڵߣЩаڡڡѪ̵˺Ҳ뺣
ǴģɵĳϣͷߣеѰһ죬龧С
еˣ֪ʱ仹磬ƿնȥȵʱ㣬ٹ͡
ҫͼһȼմУƮȻԶȥ
𪣬ˣҪô뿪Ҫôתصǿݹ¥
ݹǴ¥ڣһֻ޴ѻ۾ؿ
ûڣֻѻҲûԻΪˣԱ̬ɢſŵϣɵչš
ټһ¥ֻôһ壬ϵζ
ӱ̷ɽŪûŵأѻԣ̶޵ɷħΪ
ʱҲɫ⣬Ц˵ǰġоǣܵõǰ޵ܹûŵصĴϣҲкܴ͡
ôһСһܰﵽ룿ѻе㲻š
ϸڣûк͸¶û˵Ԩõն´޵Ľ꣬˽ڲдĽâѹƣն˰޵Ĳлꡣ
ЩܲԕF̸󣬶ض
ˣħ֪顣
ħλ֮ûԨֻΪδԨӱ̷ɽûŵء
ħǰδе룬Ϊ½һɫ컢
񣬻صĴ֣ԶӰ졣
ҹԨħУһȷأ
Ҫúù۲죬ĽףǵĴ¡

뺣ʱԨΪӦ۾ˮɬܡ
Ȼһӣ۾ҲӦˡ
ں£ɫʰ쵵꣬ˮߣɺ
ҲһȻ硣
ź״ĺԨڳԺƬ̣չӣ΢΢һ
кܶССˮݣƤð
Ԫ̥֮
ɲǼ䣬ԨǾݳϲɫȻȻЦ
ͣӽȡĺ״·˽ȥ
ݺһæ

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ȹݺһקԨҲ
ʹȻԨܹڣ˲
ˮݣԨͬȹϵݺֻ֮üš
ԨĴΪУϴݺ֫ķ飬Ľ¡
ôѽ
ݺƿһ㣬ֵصܹ˵Ǻôں״
ûеִеŲ澭޷ͨתܺ
ˮķΣġ
ΪͻȻ֣ûǺʵҲνԨȻһЦݺܹڣĴ޴ڣ·˷Ȥ뺣ǣȻҵƤҲˮڵķΡ
Ƥëףݺ
Ԩͷ
ݺʱףԭԪ̥֮
߱Ԫ̥֮ߣëԿڱʱëҲһֽȻͬķʽȡ뵤Ѩϡ
ߵȽ׵ߣԺ𽥵ģڴ֮󣬺γԪ̥֮
мˣӵ𣬾Ԫ̥֮ë
ͬëףȡˮڵķΡ
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㲻˵Ԩһۣɿ֣˵һ㣬ں治ӦкҲҪǺˮܽϰߡ֪Ԫ̥֮Ҳʱºˡ
Ҳ֪Ԫ̥ܹ֮ں´Ԩһԩ˵
˺ˡ
ݺԼӴ֮ûܿߵȻԪ̥֮ҲôСӦˡȥ֣ںºܹ֣ܺ˺ˮγ֮أȥѡ
ԨҲע⵽ܹڣǸںڣûܳȥ
ңӣݺڳʩǿȻǻֱӸ档
һһ⣬ͻԶŶ
ҪԨ뿪ֵܹݺǻֱɫ΢䣬æȵȣԪڵƲӣ


İһʮ 躣
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ںڣԨ·ᵽǹ˵ٽ
״̬£ʹƲ֮ĺˮ·¶ڷڡ
ܿ죬ƲӾܹǰ͵ֹס
ΣƲϣںڣͷųҫ۵貹â
ɢĹΣݺܹ֮ͬҲܸˮ
Ԩ
ƲӾߣںڣ˹
ʦ֣ѰݺЦţ˵ˮ֮£ħޣҲ΢ءǽ򣬿ɲԴ½Ԫڵ˽ء˼ҵĵؽ磬Ҫ˼ҹµġ
ǾƲӣҪں
ħƶ˹أǽ̽ԣɱս
ǽĺ磬һΧƲ˵ʱûпݺԨϣ㲻ҪϹܡһܳض򣬸⵽ػߵļһɱҲû˻ܡ
ˡ
ʶۼ𾫵һιȻδЧҪһַʽ
Ԩٰǻͥߣ
ͥսο΢ر
ϴΣʶûֵˣпԨڣĳǿߴµĻʯ𾫷ա
ڣƻʶֵһλ
ɣҲֵֻܵһζѡ
ƲӲţ浶ǹսУԨܵס
Ǿ仰ƲӾͻһâٿطߡ
һɺˡ
ݺü͵˵ûǽĺأʵзΧġħֻЩΧڵˡԽЩȫΧȥԶѰħǲġ
֪Ԩ벻⡣
ǽĹأݺ
ǰǱ뺣׵ķֹһε̽а
ǽĺײɢǳƬܶмֵǳƬ亣׵һ̣ͱħѹδߣȾָĻᡣ
ЩǣڸңԶ֮أѲǽΧ
Щǣֵߣħ˲̽ҲƬںס
ǽߣԭϲ̫Զع򣬷ҪԽָȥΪңԶƬѲ飬Ѱ·
ǵħǲḺġ
ʵǽܣԨ֪ĸ࡭
ҩʱħһѿУ֪ǽڣΪ֪ء
פϷħޣħꡢĿġ
أ޷ȥ֪ӣⷢ˭֪״
˵ħأԴ½ڵߣ֪ɥ
ºڶ޷
⣬ݺܡ
Ȼ䣬ҪһӨ⣬Ȼ
棬һϮµޣ顣

ˮֹʱѸٻ顣
ڵŮ͸ıڣԨĬ룬Ө΢һԼδǰԹ˼һҵ档̲סϣذ³Ǻ󣬺Ҹȶ˺ٻԼɡ
ԨܹڣЦȰģҾӦ㡣
Ԩ㲻Ҫ̫֣ȵ
˭ְҿŹأݺüܹڣԵ˵ǲǹޣΪ˼ҵδޣһ̤뺮ڣƲӬ١Ūģߴڵˣ֪ƲĽ㡣
ȷƲӣʵ롣㣬ҲûԴǵأںȷܾƲӵʾðɣ
֪Ʋ˭֪Ʋӵʾãںڣܵõܶô֧ȡܶĵҩϣǲ
ΪûƲӵĽòôĺͣ
أһƲʾãôһ߻˼ɻԼ˱˵㡣
ʲô
ƺСӣҪƷ
ԨȻ
ݺĻػͿ̶˲Ԩʶ
ϵδޣͲԴǣҲǱҴʵ飬ĵǱı飬ѿ
ݺһɪɪָݺ˵Щʲôɱ˰죬Ȼһ仰˵
˵ģǲʵĳԼ
ݺֺٴγԨԦܹ֣޵Ŀ£ʹƯߡ
᲻
ԶˣݺϽɿ֣˼أͷ
ұûаһ£ĵǵСžţڰ³ǾͿˡԨҡҡͷûн⣬ҺһֽԼҾţǸŮ
ţ䲻ġݺۣǸ̫Ԩڵǿܶࡣأװ䣬Ķơһ߽ƲΪ磬ںŸԴһ߻װģʲô֪ںңΪЩݼң顣
ƲƲ죬ǲмԴһ£֪ڣɹʲô
ΪѾʲôˡԨЦһңħµ۹ġط³ʱҾûˡ
Ҳµˣħǰ㡣ͳħڵλûŵصĹϵ򵥣֪ݺ֪ҪǣǸѾͷѳûŵصˡ
Ľһ񰡣
˺ˣĽˡݺҲɾԪߡԨ˸ܹ뿪Ԫ̥֮ںˮڣӦһѧϰں档
ԼΪǣڸΣ͸棬úȤ



İһʮһ ̽
ǽֻΪҪܱܷͷ
ԨԼûŵ̫עĿᵼ£ߴڣڵˣĹϵйע
һطû࣬ûŵһ£Ͳһ顣
ǽⷽʶ֪أϷħĴޣԿ̽
ŵߣǽĺףѧȥʶģ
ǣģǿؼʶ񣬽Ǻ֮⣬ʲô֪
ɶԨԣǽ򺣵أʵ²ߡ
Ϊ֪ҲãʯҲգطŶ;УȻᱻЩפĴע⵽
ں磬λǿսܱߣгԸھĴޣػ
ңһλԪ񼶱ޣʱ硣
κصʯ꣬ʵЩ޵Ļ飬飬꣬һʱ䱻ɱ
еţ춯صʶݣأǿս֮⣬㱻Щ޸ֹˡ
˵ķݶ
֪飬ԶǽµԨʼȱȱ
УͥСصٴο٣ͻƣΪǽҪ
ݺһʱĶԺµɺʵżܼʯǣ͸壬ֵĲ⡣
ݺ˵ʲôҲڶУĵס
ûͷֵܹݺںˮ鶯չӣŵӿܣƶӯš
ʱأΪߣԨ˵ʲô
һǹ⣬࣬ʱʱңڷ⡣
һǹ⣬΢ǧ򱶵ںףҲȻݺ۾Ļͨ
һҰܿϸ΢ܸ֮Ӧ鶯ܽ̽졣
޴дŻ滨ݣһΧڣܸӦ
ݺ˵һܹкܶƣǺ˵
ǰȥģڵʮߣԭɢڸ񽥽أѭǹ⣬һһѰ˹
ڵߣҲ֪·Ǳݺٻȫۼˡ
ЩˣԺĿ⣬Ԩ
ûںεԨʼʱͷؽһε̬ȻûƽУ֪οơ
أԨ
Ԩ¶ƤðСˮݣǱԨӵԪ̥̺֮ܲںɻ
һƬ򣬶ǽǰڣҿ϶ʲôö¡
ݺתֻǹ⣬зݶٸө棬ţЩڵ߶ȥ
ˣڶɽǹУ˿̵ǺŮ
Էɢķʽڵºߣ
ЩҲƵƵͷȻţǶˣҪָǸǡ
Щˣ
ݺ˵ͷһ֧ǰ·ζʱܹĻﴫ顣
Ԩĺܽȴûע
Ϊ˵Щ;ĺܶʯԨ֪ұ˽ĻҪ࣬Ҫϸ
ԨģǽڣܲҵһƧطС
עģԡҫ֡ķʽͥ
ʱҴҡ
ݺΪ׵ڶ飬;Ҳż˱ߣϷħĴ򿴻кܶ۾ţ˴󣬶ֿ
ΪĿǰ򣬶ǽϵĵط
׹ЩǣƬ

ˮУݺζ˺һӵԨȻͣ
ܶڵߣ棬ͣˣҲʶͣסֵؿ
ݺҲӦ쳣ˮлͣ£ŵתâһۼôˣ
ݺҪȥЩµ׹֮أҴ֪λԨʱڿн䣬ϵĵطתתơȹȥҳЩȥˡ
Ĵݺ
ˡԨЦҡͷЩڵߣ˵֪ģħտʲô顣ƬǺܹϵĵطûʲôر֮ˣҲ̫ܺ˷ͻ
ɡݺЩΪѡ
Ԩһ뺣⣬ҪͨԨһЩָҶջ
ºãԨԪ̥֮Ϥںڻʱֱ
ߵͷߣܲŵЩߣеʱ侫Ԩϡ
һȥģ
ԥʱԨһЦ˵ôһ;ֱڵĶ飬ԼѰһλ˹ȥ
Ԩ
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ң˵غױħע⣬ֻҪսĺۼᱻһʱ䶢ϵġ
ôһ˵ݺĬĬԨ뿪̾һ˵Ǽɡ
ٴǰ·Ž׹֮ء
ԨǽнԶ뿪ߡ
ʱ
ԨһˮлͣסһҲƵĳɫרע
ҳȡħ󡱣Ҫߴںںڵģںװͣţһͷ˯ĺɫޡ
ѺۣǱи͸
кܶ಻֪ķģΣ̻ڴϣ֡
˳֮һǣڴˡ



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̽أٴһ
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ǽĻѻˣצ֣͵һקʹӿݹ¥һһ
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Ԩ
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λ˵˽⣬ûر飬λܻûΪΣȥԨҳ
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أµһ죬кصĴޣʬߣвд֮һһѹΡ
֮ǧ꣬ǽЩˣѳڵһЩʯͷƬӣڵĸɸɾ
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һӣƺҲе֣еȡˡѻһ֣µ޹أ㲻÷ϣҺ׳е㲻Ѱ㼶𲻹ûʸ֪飬Ҳ˵
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ɣѻַŭˣǳڣǳʲôģСӣҿĵطΪƫƫѡҴ

׳ڲԨνȥһǰɢ
İޱȵĴڣ۾һ˫۾Ź⣬ĴţѰʲô
һӣŵ˴β˴β档
ҳã俪ڣҲѺۣǴβȴȱ
ԲεĴβ棬һƳɵķ糵Ϊ˵
ԨǴβ棬źһӣžǲⶫ
ǰλħѣصغ˵ǽĺأ
ҳһ
أڲʲôʲôԭ򣬶Ҳ͸¶
ɴελѣָط֪ܣ˵طפߣ޷۾ͻ̽Ӧ
൱Ұǡ
ڳ˵˹ؼڴβ棬ɾȴ϶˵
Ԩڴβ棬˰ΣûƳرְ֮áۼͻֱҲûᵽ쳣
գֱǴβ棬ְȥŤת
ɴβƴȥŤȻ˿
Ԩ˰죬˺һӣֻͽκΡ
λѲƭ֮أȻڴβ棬ƿڣڳ
ֶһԨһݣȻĦ
ûŵأǰ޵˶׽ͷǰγģն´֮Ľʣǽɳ
ҳں׵޴ǽʴӽɳһ类
ԨŽʵ֣͵һ
ΪĸӦڽµһƽâȻ
ǰ޵ĲлʾΪУһƵĽâ⣬ͷ·𱻷ڽϢ
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ڣ⽣ڵĽ⡢âһ뿪ƺͱˣǷʲô
Ԩ룬еĽʣȻҷֱۣβ棡
һҪֹʱѾˡ
ʿڣƥĽâһᣬͷųҫĹâ
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ݣ
˴ʣ봬βǣʹ˲



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ͬʱգҫŴء
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Ԩվڿյ㳡һɫĴβ档
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Ԩۣϸϸ꣬Ȼ׹սᾧ֮ĺˣ
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ûԿףǽڵĽâԷǿСŶ롱
ǽ֮һ쾰󣡡
ţԨһھֻĿë׶·̩
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ˣһ̫׹䣬ھ֮ʱ뵽˻Ŀ£ŵëȻ˶ˡ

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ᣬͥСظֵС̫߰״ôƯţת
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ԨȻһ
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ͷųģĹ⡣
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Ԩ˿̣áҫ֡յģ̫
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Ԩۣתšҫ֡ʱһ̫ǸппƲûܽ
Ʋ΢ġ䲻ҫ֡£˵Ҳ̫߱
Ҫǽǵ̫𣬾綨ͻͽ
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ԨĻͥСڣƾնһɫ磡
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һˣԨֿ죬ٺЦ



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𪿴һۡ
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ѻڵãֱţָµСӣûнǽǰҾͿˡħħʹĻ£ƬħˣھȻң
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йڣǲȥġѻƽȻ˵µЩСһǿ԰ȥֻǡ
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ʷϣڣҲߴڵߣĪ
ħ˵ǣ뿪ǽ䷶ΧԼѰԹñˡ
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䱸ͷˣǲôˣ½죬ʱܡ

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еѪţ
ţԨĻܵԡҫ֡ȥǣ̫֮뵽ͥѨϡ
ڱ֮Ծ˵ٶȣȥͥѨϣ



İһʮ 
ʱƣˮš
ת֮䣬ǽѹ˰֮á
ײ̫ྪҲûĿĳͻƽ
ݺڵߣҲûҵ̫ܹ֮࣬
ջһЩʯģ飬ϡѰ֮ڵĲر¥еġ
棬ǽĺڣ֪֮ݺߣӦҲ̫ʲôն
ˣԨǼһ
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ˮ׺Уǰһһġ
ڵߣɢ俪ھܵѰ
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ʱԨ˵ܿѰǻϡ
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ǣһƬµǳ֮أͨܿƲӡ޵ˣǲƲҵԨԨںڻɱˡ
ںףħĹأҽӣȥķΧ鿴Ԩ
ˣԨûӽʱĲԨĶ
Ǽһ߶߶ģڹϵľɵأʲôְɣݺ˼ʶʱȻûŵصʱ򣬾ٶÿÿˣ⡣ûһħյģµص㣬Ҫϵ򡭡
ԽԽ档
ܱ䷶Χϸϸ֪̽ûʲôر֮ֵ󶯸ɸꡣ
˵ǽѱȻζˡ
Сǹ⣬ڵܹĻڽ俪Լ죬ݸЩߡ
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һݺԶܡ
Ȼǳ⣬ٲ룬ߺ׵ˣɴԶʱٶȣźԨֱ֮ضȥ

һ鰵ɫǳƬɹں׾ͣš
»棬кʩ˼ħߣǰģСɽľ޴ʯ
ڲûʲô쳣
һλ΢ΪԻҫ۹ħߣͷһųɫ顣
ͷŵı⣬ˮںڣƽأɺ
Ҫ԰澭ȥˮڵ
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һ̫ʲô֮䡣ʷϣʮεǽҲֻһΣѰ֮
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Ȼγʮףںģǿ鰵ʯͷŵĹâ·һ㡣
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ͣһ£ǣ̫ܻᱬ鰡ܹŸ鱬ģȻǼֲĴڣܣûֿܵģдǳƬЩޣһԻ̽лŵģܽأ

쾳
רעеԨ֪״κ
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ħڶᣬһ֣ᱻţ״Ӻ
ԨֽлͥѨϵĵѳƵ漣ˡ
ûǽڣṳ̂ⷽ쾳ǰͥҲͺ»൱ֻǬ½һ
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֪ԨҲΪһ츳ˣڿҡ
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ԨţȻֿһĲʯȷٴλζһ¡
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һľ޴ǣɡɡǰ㣬ǦɫĻ࣬񷶥¶
˷쾳Ǵ޿ٵСأǡ㸹
ԨȻһ𣬶ʱ



İһʮ ģ
һǣب֮񷶥ⷽء
񣬽оӨҫ
ԨȥȻЩǣ͸һʱĳϢʷĺζ·кͷ
䣡
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Щʯʱ;Щ֣Ȼʻˡ
꣬·ЩʯͻȻȥǲçԶŵȥʱȥ֤嶦ʢʱڡ
ģ壬֣
ԨһȻ
أͳߣ塣
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ǸʱǺ֮ǿ飬ħܴƽڣں˷ˣΪΪ
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ʱ廹ֻϣеķûֻ׸
𣬳Ϊһصƿߣһоͱˡ
ޣ֣أЩǺ壬ħɱϴߣΪӶߡ
ǹϵģⷽأȻޱƾʷ
뵽ԨͻȻı׹ҪŪ㸹ʲôΪʲôǽ
ݣݣ
ͻأڹ㳡Ϸһ͵Ĳʯ󷽲Ȼ⡣

ʱչڹ㳡һʯȻ𣬻ɻҡ
ټһ㳡ʯһ㣬ȫɷ۳ʯм
ԨȻʧɫ͵վͷ¡
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˲ף㳡µʯһӳġ
֪жٲ㣬֪жʯ֪һʯ棬ʲô
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ͼǣĹڣǲ˰裬£ȸ컭棡
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أһλָ˰͡
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ǣǺ֮ĳֲֿڰɣ
żѵûţ
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ǺӣһֻħƷ֮ŪǽڣΪ
Ȼǿޱȣˣ֪Ҫ󶯾
ţǽǲΪĴڣʲôر𴦣ر;
Ԩã㸹⣬ȻδʱѾٵġ
ưʱҵѹڴˡ
ҵ֮أȻ㸹ڣһǻġ
Ԩվһصʯм۳ڣɬһЦһ죬һأԥ˰Σʱͣ
㳡ʮʯ£֮䣬ǻ߶š
һһȻŸߵͣСϸ̶ȡ
ʯ⻬񣬵һȥϷûжӡ
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㳡ٴҲһȦֳʮʯûб
㳡֮⣬ããʲôҲƲʲôҲ֪
ĵطӦԨܽأûȥ̽졣
˺ܾãԭ·أٴվǴβ洦
Ψһܿ϶ǣʣâǴβ棬мܻصǺ׳ġ
Ļ㸹ڷһУûиϵҲԼװ֪
ѸУҲͽֹˡ
㸹ڵ𶯣󡣺ܿܣÿһʱ䣬ͻһ𶯣ʮʯչڵصʯΪѹƺǰҲˣʯͰˡ
ҰοҲãҲգԨԴ˷ص䣬Ӷ
ڵȺһӣⷽû쳣ٴοʼҵС
áҫ֡һ̫𣬶ĻͥСأе
һʱ䣬˷ص𶯣ƵƵ
ԭĲһѹĴ㣬ƺʲôˣ𶯵ļԽԽ̣ĵʯԽԽˡ
ǣԨ֪Ծˡ



İһʮ 
ܵݺŲȻ⣬Ԩ֮ء
ͨˮУ֪
貵ҫŹâҫصۣǻҰȴ޴ڡ
˶ĺʬսкǣӳճ
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ΪУû쳣ûϢûر
ԨĴβ棬ûᵽԾҲȻݺӡ
ݺܱⷽϵϸһ飬ûջֻһλ
һӺɺջ
֡
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Ļ᲻ᱻƲӶϣ
ƲںףħߣǿҪɱ㣬ӵõ
ò
ʦá
ڣȻһΨļХ
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ʯǰϵһʯɣʹǿʯͷ໥
Хһ𣬻ݺ⣬Ȼ顣
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ݺæ׷ʣ֪û״¶Ժ򶨣ûпܣԡʯԤ
ʦ㣿ʦ㣡
ѯʣλֳ֡ʯ¶ûѶ
ݺһҲ˲ѰԨ΢ǧ򱶵ȻΪһ龧塣
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ɽĽ⣬һƵľâҪƳʿڣҪǦɫ񷣡
ԽأԨԽָ죡
âǹӽ⣬񷣬һǡ
쾳ڣϷ𶯣ͻȻƽ
һҡŵĲʯٱ

ŽʵԨ˿죬ֿ˿ʯ㳡һʯһЦԷǡ
֪Ӻζϴѹڴ˵ġ㡱ǰѽʣʵˡ
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âδֻǽ͸Ľ⣬ɵ
ЩʯԿŵĹģµƺԶλն´ް
ԨɵظпеĽʣȻ⡣
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ﵽСصĽޣڡꡱ£ͻâĳ֮£ǿгųĿռ
ͥѨϣߴεĴ衰̫𡱵ĳܣϴ˷쾳ľһؽš
ʲǰ쾳İûһ쳣
Ԩ԰УȻ֪ǽѷ츲ؾ䡣

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֪ħ֮ᡱħġѪ̳Ų²ôѷǽ򽫻ʲôˡ
Ϊ˿ǣֻΪԼ룬Խ뿪ҲԽá
ΪǽĻңܹңܹӰˡ
ӳȥõġ
𣡱𼱣ң
һżҪ뿪ﷴżˣʮĹͼƻһһƵһٵͼھͺãһ𻵣󷨾ͲԲҾܸ׵ˡ
Ѹ
ԨŽʣбһ£ȻʵҪ㣬Ҵ㸹뿪Ҳҵǽıء⽣ʣһܶǡĻħ֮֮ߡ
̫Ŀ̫󣬷ҲҪĿꡣ
ҡҡͷ
ǻǷͷжɣģҪڽڵȥƿĻл֪ңħ֮ĴڣһСչ˺Լġ
˵ţԨҪ״β棬︹ȥ
ˣҶõģ
ʶ˲ˣСӣȷҪҵģ̫ҪİɣҪаɣ֮⣬Ҹڻкöģ⣬ǽĺǧˣʶһУ
ǿڵľް΢֮ͣ練ư
֪˶꣬òɵֻ⡰㡱Уʶӿҡ
˵ܴʲôԨ͵شߴ١


İٶʮ ΪӪ
躣ס
ڵΪصĴֻݺļԦ£Ѱɢߡ
۶Էʲôһ֪ͻᱻݺϡ
ˮڣŻڣѪ̣лڵߣϷ
ԭʼ̬Ҫڴʮںûô޴󻯡
ʮ׳׿
վϣźδЩߣҫĻţصĺˮ͸Ҫת
ˣݶޱȵĳء
Ҫô̤ǰ֪ײԾͬĪʧ١
ߣһҲ֪ʲô
֪عĻڱΣкµߣ̤档
Ҳ֪Ǳں£ڲɱţǰߣʳѪ
֪Ļѻˣħĺ䱴ˣҲ޼ƿʩ
ܣűǻҪĶӾ档

»վھڳξʯ̨Ŀݺǰֹ
Ļ꣬ʯ̨֪ͨŸݺۣ»˵ôˣ
ԨϢ»
Ԩһ̫ԨΨһҴħķࡢʩ˼ˣ¶ɫ
ˮڡŻڣѪ̺ͻڵʮˣɫ졣
ڼˣ
ħСӣΪƵƵݺԨϢ
ԨôҪ
ϴ磬Ҷ˵ü
ݺĻ꣬ǰʯ̨룬ŶͷЩͷ۵˵ں׷ţҪܿǿͻǶôΪ˷ֹǸɱͬļһ
㣬ͷǳҵľˡ⻹Ӧǣܹɻ
ǰ£ȥһѪͻ֮
˵ЩʱݺЩΡ
֪֪
»ЩΣͷ֪ۣ֪ķ˺ܶ;ֻǣҶԨһڣǻм󼫴İ
Ԩ˭ŻһλӲߣŸ첲׳꣬һ˵֣ҶҪˣ
һڷһСӣڼ
Ұʮ㣬Ų
¶ĸ첲߸¡Ѫʱɽ鱩һֻӻȭͷܿʯըѸС
Ԩ
ѪǱߣһλʮ꣬ݰףΪ
ȳƣ߶б곤Ľͽʼհš
ƺĶôһ֡
ţһ˫ʱѪɫͻȻ䣬аΣա
ʼհҵģЩѪ̽ͽĬ
ûôһ֡
Ǳߣһѻ̵ŮӣòͨϹźܶƿƿ޹ޡ
Ľƿƿ޹ޣڲУëȻļХʱ
»ħߣѾεأݺԨ֣СԨļһһܹﵽҡ
ҪݺѰԨĴѰɢߡ
ԹŻڣѪ̺ͻЩ˵֮󣬾ͺ˷ɢ
һµģͬʦʦܣпܻţĳطǱأݺв£ᱻ֣Ӷþȡ
»飬ԡԨ˵ӣӰǵ棬ǺܷС
ƫƫΪ˵ݺû»ƺĽ飬Ҳڰ»ԸģĬĬԨ
ǣӵĲӶԹˡ
û֪֪Ҫ»üվݺǰȻ˵˵ܰﵽңͿԣ
ħӣħ˺۷
ˮڡŻںѪ̣֮࣬Щ˾ǾߣҲȻЩ˺ɫ
˺ˡݺȰȰ˵ԨǱߣһֱ⣬㲻Ҫ
»ˣʱҪŽᡣ廰
»һټ£ֹһȺ֪ôļһ
ͬʱ
ǽһƬأƲӺޣʮλڡԪڡڣаڡħڵߣҲһá
Ⱥˣһž޴ı֮ڡ
ԲΣ쵰ı飬תϼ⡣
ڵһλŮׯϣȸգڳϼ⣬ǱһڵűŲƷ
ƲվԪڵУ˵ԪڵˣѲ֪ȥ
ԪڵߣƲڣһʮˡ
ʮˣԪڵĲͬɽͷ츳һ㣬ֻͨ˵ӣǺպ콾
ʮˣֻʣûģӦþˡ
ҲҪţǽħĴޣϷƲӰοǣ˵׵ľޱ䣬̫áЩˣ״Ȼ뺣ڵġ
ԣλҴĺڵӣﶼ
ֻ۰Ͱ͵أ޺Ʋӣϣܰһء
ûµġ
ҾãǸϽǽΪħһλͭͷĸߴ꣬ſɣ̻ǻӵߺȵڵã㻹ټԦϼ顯߰ɡ
նŮһۣ˸ֵۣħħֻԼ˽䣬֪˶ߣߣѵôȣ
ȣħڵλֿ꣬죬ЦȰԼ˵ɣ㲻ΪǲɣǶʱûǣûǣǻǸϽӰɡ
ôһаڵˣͷͲÿߡ
ڵŮҪڽüһϲҴԼˣ
ϼ顱ڣʮλŵߣ˳Ŀ⣬뿴ȥ
Ȼ󣬾ͼһ꣬߬һѽʣһ㣬Ƶش˹



İٶʮ ˣ
ݿ㣬һ£ڷ硣
ûκ壬ںˮζںЦݣյ˹
ǽĺľޱ䣬·Ȼ֪
һѹӽʣѲڣ߬С
һ׳Ĺ㣬ݣ㱳ϣһӰʯ档
Ŀһֻ죬һֻӨס
۹µתʱǹ㿴鶯ǳǼǻ۵أʱ˼ʲô
Ԩ
Ʋֻһۣһü˵Ҿ֮£Ȼܻ
ڣݺһȥļһ
аǱߣ϶ֿǺһЦ²˵ˣôûкݺһݺӦõݺŶ԰
ʲô
ħλ̻ͭǻͷĺգǸ־Ϥٴһ䡣
ƺԨ
϶򦣬Ԩ˵ǳħڣڣħģûߴڣڵݺº֮󣬲ŵִǺһĺڡ

϶ЦһԼײײգָָƲӣ˵ŵ㿴ǺڵѾͷûѾͷޣƺԨδءأƲӵĽǲе˼
϶üëϸͿĨüʣ촽Ҳ޺ɫ
аеܶ඼࣬Ϊͬ
ж϶ΪֹƫƫЩġ
Լײһµĺգæܿһأлأ´źӴĵطֵ˵˵˵ϴգٸӾͶ㲻ˣ
϶һԹί˵֪ˣ֪ˡ
ȻʶҲǽģҾͻ
Ԧšϼ顱½ײһҹ̬˷飬ϸ壬ȣһٻˮī㶯ˡ
ȹתϼƣΪһġϼ顱ӳá
Ӱ½ײ΢ΪΪڵߣԴ½С
½ײԴ½˶ϧ츳ʵһ㡣
丸ĸΪڵĿ䣬ãһսˡ
丸ĸͣǺˣġϼ顱һ챦ܱӻС
ٶȣ˵ЩˣЩڴǬ½ˣʱԽ
òȻڣԴ½ⲢǶơ
û׿Խ츳߾磬ھͻὥƽӹȥ
ȻҲᱻţǽ
Ԩ
ħڵĺգŶֿͭ죬͵Ц
һϼ⣬ӡϼ顱ɳѤùһֱԨǰ
ڣ½ײ֣ͷʾ
Ԩֿһ۱ڣӰ½ײ۾һ΢ЦŹ֣Ϳ粽
㣬壿
аڵ϶ۣ㱳һʯƲӵĹ㣬죬Ҽǵ뺣ߣûôһλ
ôյһۣȻӳħڵЩͬŵУ˳ߺȣϵܣߣҿ㣬һʣ˳ۣ
˻һϼ顱еĺܶˣסˡ
ͻȻ飬Ե̫ˣ˾⡣
ħڵĺգԪڵƲһ㣬Ҳ΢ΪûƲӵĸ߹ڳħڵһУҲһ
ǳģźͺ׺顣
˶֪ħںԪȻ
ԣһͻȻ飬϶˵ǹƲӣƲӲˬ
ǣͬԨ߿Ԩʲôһʡ
ǣ
Ԩ롰ϼ顱ɻؿźգʵ
һԹ̬ʧȥˮ֮󣬾ȻƯš
Գħڣҽкգ
ħڡ
Ԩ˳ǣһҲЦ
˵ͷ;ֱնȥ
һߣһ߿ƲӣɫޣЦ˵λɰˡӲⶼû
ƲӵҵӲ
ѡ񲻴
Ԩǰɣ½ײ仰ģҲ֪ʲô˵ڵݺһͬµĺأǱϼ߽׵ں׵ĴʣӦñһҪ󡣡
º֮󣬾ͷֿˡԨڴһ䣬Ϳʼע۲챦ڣͬߣǵţڵλãжǳԺδʲôӪ
ħںаڣһߣ˴һߡ
Դ½ͼ½Ȼμϰ֡
ԪڡڡڣħںаڣЩ˾ۼһħأݺ»ˣǲһ𣿺׾ޱ䣬½ײȻ֪ݺҲɣҪߣҪһЩˣҲǡ
Ԩţ˼Ÿϵݺ
ݺ»н飬ڳ롰ĻʱǶţҲıһ·
׷ʲôĶ԰ɣ½ײʡ
գҲⷬԨ
֪
ԨͷںţӦ˺ܶ˰ɣҺ棬и
ָָͷҲһ
½ײرɫҪ˵
ƲҲΣ
ǶϣħиɵĳϾ쳣Ӷǡ
Ԩ⻰һǶϾˣΨһϣ
˵ԨҡҡͷԱ䣬Ŀ⣬ЩߣȻ˵ںˣħ䱣ѻħڷҫ˭ǽ򣡡
ǻָǣºǣȰǱˡ



İٶʮ Ԩħ
ļһ˵˵ûûˣ
½ʦ㣬ҽ齫ˣ𣡡
ڱڣʴʣŪĻ̻̣
ڡԪںͽڵĲдߣԨϯŭĿ򣬷׷ָ
ħǱߣյʾãȻҲԨˬֻӲŲ
аڣ϶λߣͬɫѿ
Ž뱦飬Ԩͽȫһ顣
ڵľˣڴźϣħߣᵽԾӶʱԮ֡
ԨǷ൱ڶϾǵϣ˲
ӡ
ƲԪڡڵļ˵ѵΪЩܸıʲôʱȡ裬̫ǡ
ۿţԨһͰ˵ˣԨ
Ȼ룬Сʲôʺˣһ壬ڵһνӴʱУ
ûԨǿ룬ֻԨ
ѵֻૡ
ȻϤУֻص½أԨһľ磬ƫƫأԾ˵ӰȨͬȻ׷ĹС
ָ½ײʱǱߣһߣɫߣ
Ҳǽߵеͷߣпװڣ΢Ϊ
Ԩǽʣ롰ϼ顱𣬾ͳĬԵأʼǽʣüͷ
ʣԨڳһ
жһͷʯͻȻࡣ
γԣ
װڴӽڵڣ̤ƲӲУվԨǰɫϾ˵ݣ
ʦ֣һλŮߵ
װһ
ŮڣڵҴߣˡ
װڼԨûиݵ飬ɲܺ˵
ԨȻʧЦǰλͳһͬǽӵܵӣ˵ãǲΣ˵˵
װڿһ£Ҿòǡ
Ҳòǣմһ˵עŶ½ײ˵һǾ仰ҪٹܱҴˣҲ֪ϣǲԨ˵ϱҲѱ
ֻǾãʱں£Բǳ֮ƣ
Ƕһʱ˶
ħڣаڰļ½ɣŷǿʳĲпᷨҲ˼ʲôͬꡣ
УȥЩͬʦֵܣˣԼܡ
Ͳһ¡
ڡԪںͽڣԺһ㣬ͬꡣ
½ײܾúЩͬţȻûȫ⣬ѰЩͬţҲȵͷ
ںס
Ԩһοڣ񣬶ųЦζ
׵棬Ļţĺӣ֪ĻķΧô֪ǲǽĺףĻ֣
ⷬ˵һӵĺ
꣬ͱýӲˣɰͰ͵أڨڨЦЦ
Цݣȿ޶Ҫѿϵܣ˵ôҰɣ
֣һʣҲ㡣ԨȻһ̾е˵ҾǴǽı֮أ»ġʵ֮أҲĻҲӲġ

ħڵĺգһƨڲϼĻϣ̾Ϣ˵ˣӾͲǽڳħڴôã춼һҽϴӣʹ񾭣ǽɷɡ
֪ˣҾ͹ԹУʶˡ
ڵĿװڣԨôһ˵ٴγĬˡ
κҡҡͷؽڵЩҴ롣
棿
ڵ½ײ촽㣬΢ţ֤
˷飬ϼⷺҶ
˿ľ
ǧȷԨ϶𸴣Ŀϣһһɨϼ飬ƺڷ;ӿóԴûпƿĻλϣо춯صĹ챦
˵켶ƷϣɱģƽƵࣿ
ĹͨԡĻʶҪﵽ켶ƷƣпܶĻ
ǰѽڣĽâ⣬ġ
ֻǣЩâ⣬ն´ġ
һ㣬һ㣬ٴӿ
Ԩ֮Խ롰ϼ顱뿴Щڣħڡаڵˣû
켶ƷҪ
˼һֻߣеġ
ȥҰ
һȺ˰̾ϢЦҡͷȻûС
ݺ
ڵܴﵽ𣡡
ҵݺϣ
ͻȻ䣬аڵ϶ȷӦ
Ȼ۾һӦ
׳˵յȥ˼ȥϸԨİˣһ䣺Ŀ
ȥ½ײʱ¶ġ
ĴεѰܴڵߣԨڴǰ㣬ݺΪĿꡣ
ȻԨ˵ˣǽĺأʲôĻ֣ȥֻܼϣУܶĻˡ
ڵݺΪδĿף
½֪
½ײ޶ۣ֪Ļǽ򣬶ֻǺʱ;ӽ顣
ϼ顱ķŹ켣ڲ̣Ǽϼ⡣
ǱߣȻޣǸӣȻȻˡ
оˡ
һأ硢սڵԨ˴ͷʱӱñѭ뷨£ȥ
½ײգװЩˣһ硢λߣ
Ľ½ײƷ֮ǰɢ˵ͷԦšϼ顱ȥݺ
ݺ˴Ԩ뺣ߣݺԨ뷨ɣ
ƾʲô߽ħǴζƿζӿͷ
ϵܣǺú׽׽ģ
ЦݲȻһУͶԴ϶ȻͬԨϲ˵



İٶʮ ȣ
Ԩڽ롰ϼ顱𣬺ձʾã̬ȳϡ
֪λԳħڵļһǴܲԕFУ֪Լ
²⣬;ݺ룬ʱӡħ䣬ѡһºܱܿħڸɡ
ǽģ˰¹ʦܲԕFħڵħ֡
һͬºĶ飬Ȼǳħڡ
Ϊħڴеͷߣ֪֣֪Ĵڣһ㲻ϡ档
ܲԕFݣԯԯҵԯԨԳħҲкøУź׽Ȼܾ
ǣ½ײԦšϼ顱ں׳۳ңѰݺʱͺ̸
Ǵˣû˵֪Ԩ
ԨҲҴֻ˵Լں׵ľ
ϵܣո˵Ļ⻹ȷָָ֣棬оǣĻγɵģ
仰һаڵ϶ͬ¶Ȥ顣
϶ЩŤأ˼أִ˹
һָˣ㱣־룡
аںͳħڲǵжԣڼ½кˣղϲ϶Ҳû̫
⣬Ҳ֪϶򵥣֪аڵ
䣬ڡϼ顱ڣнڵĿװڣԪڵƲӡ
Ǳͻ϶аڣѡ
ġ
϶ΪίɻյǷûӽ
żȻ֪ѱ档ԨģɵĴ𰸣ŤͷһۣƯŵһҪ֪ǡĻĸǷΧǰǽĺסңգпһ֡
ձɫˣҪǽ򣬷ظɣһ裿
ԨͷܣĽͷµġǺ棬ƿһ㡣
㶼ô֪ģ϶ĵ
ԨȻһЦش
ϼ顱ںװ裬κ󣬼Ԧű½ײɫȻһ
ԳһɰԵŨ
λڵĿװڳȡ
½ײһָ
װԥһ£˵ϼ֪УʵʵӳͶ䣬Ǵس
һͭؿȡ
ֻͭаƴСԲΣڲ⵴
þ
ڵЩӣȡͭͷ
½ײһۣҲͷϼӳշ棬ȷʵǲþȻʶô
װڣѪһӡǣӡͭ
浴Ĳ⣬˲ƽùɼˡ
ССͭڣȻظֳһͷɫţ
ɫţںڣתŲȻ⣬ڶʱˮзֿ
ͷɫţĿһֳʹĸоںнʱҲԵЩŲ·淽

һ˵λͷߣǵһŶʮºߡţҪҪ
ħͳħڣһͬ亣ڣͷɫţԡ
壬ûдﵽضĵȽף߱Ϊ˵
Ҫ
Ԩҡҡͷܼᶨɡ
Ȼһû˵Ҫʲôء
ҪҲҪ
ٴοʱԨڵ½ײϼ顯ٶԶ
⻰Ѿŵˡ
½ײ󣬲дЩڵߣɫ俴
ԨһʴʣǺܲˣ½ײţӦô˱ˡ
ССͥһļһҶڵָֻţ
ң
½ײҲˬˣƢˣˣλͨ岻һ˵䣡ңǵľ벢Զܴ㣬ˣΪβܴ
ҾãԴã
⻰˵½ײԨɫ
ͳħڣаΪߣȻһ֮ѣѪ飡Լͬô̸࣬Ц⣬Ҳͼ½ˡ
ãô˺òãպߵ
϶ǲ⣬Це˵죬ǵз򣬾ˡ
ԴûԨۿţ½ײȰ˵أԦšϼ顱ѾҪŽɫţȵˣһȥɡ֮ԻţûбѲ׷Ϊ壬ҪĿ꣡
ʲô½ײȻ
壬ŨѪ⣬ѡħ޴֮Ԩһǻţûб׷ɱΪǶѡħ塣;ģߣֻǱ˳ѡ
㣬㾿֪٣½ײС
ȣǱȹĿ꣬ע⡭
ԪڵƲӣȻǰһ˫һɫһ죬أʼոԨƯڿյ㣬ѵ壿һͬҲĿ꣬ĵ
⻰˵˿Ԩı飬õˡ
û˵ǰǷû˵Ŀ꣬½ײȥͷɫţֻ㡣
ڡ
һ˵Ѫ磬ᱻȹìܣҪҸһ
˵
Ԩͷ˿û£ں׳׵̫ˣԺԲƵġǶܸоûʲôǿҵѪᱻΪĿġ
ģûŨ˵ѪֲǴΪʼգƲӺһܸܲһĽͣΪʲô
ûһһִͣȥǽɫţ߳ʱ䲻ԨѣЦЦ˵Ǻãߣ



İٶʮ ѣ
ˡϼ顱ֻΪ˷Ѱݺ
ԱڲǰԨʵ⡣
ħ֮ᡱħġѪ̳ҪѪѡȻħޣ塣
֮⣬Ԩ֪ǽصҲǡħ֮ᡱĿꡣ
ƴҪǺ׳ǲ
ĵȽסǻۣûʮʯƺ⣬ڱϢħ֮ᡱĸ֪Ѳġ
Ľɫţû
⡰ϼ顱ǽɫţ֮Ǳڵľ룬Σնܴ
½ײҪչȥǽɫţ
Ѱ·
ߣ
Ʋɫվںͳħڡа֮ȶ½ײʾһ£ҪԨ
½ײͷ
ɳϼ⣬һżӹõģϼڡ
㲻˵뿪Ʋŷ˵Σգأ
ָȷʵûŨҵѪǶ֪ûкˮƾʲôܸգֻǿ壬ܾ߱յҿֻ㣬һǿ
ˣЩŹ֡һ˲廰
ǱߣװҲ˸ֵͣĪһΣĻڣ˵ʲôĿ꣬Լƫƫһֻ㡣ǰԲĺ֪˵Ļһ棬һ١
ڵߣͬ飬ƲɺǶ׷Ӧ
졣
װڻͷѵһ䣬Ҫλͬʦܱ໰
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ڡϼ顱棬Ԩĺջӻ֣ߺȣллλһӣˡ
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аڵ϶һ޹Լŵʦʦãһε˵߰߰ɣҲʲôԨɺǼһɾԲɵ
䣬аڵˣҲɳϼ顱ϽϺա
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Ԩأ߱ˡƾʲôóħںаڣҲ뿪
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Ǹ
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⻰һ˵ӹϿԨԨжϡ
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Ȼ䣬ϼ顱ڣֻʣںԪڣټޣͺڵˡ
½ײأЩȥķ򣬺ðβ૵ңǲǴˣ



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ת˲䣬Ԩһһ㣬ƮȻȥ
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Ԩú̸̸ҽз࣬ħ


İʮһ Ѫ̳
档
𪣬Ԧ۵糸һӣȻײڡĻ
أأ
ʮ׵ľ˸ɽײ߻أ͵ص
;Ѫһ𪣬գֻеѨϣصĺѪȻʧˡ
ǣѪҲʹҪ
ǿжסϸƳˡĻĴڡ
𪺧Ȼǽ򱻷ˣ
ţĵرŷ򣬳ԴӱĽǶһƬ
أأ
ײںģɥطξΪܼӳ֣ȻƲĻ
ףʲô
һһѹȻԶЩħڵ촫
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ͫȻĹɫƼ֮һһ
ڸ߿գžѪͻԶ
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һξ޴ľ壬Ѱ𶯣ǣ˵Ļǣ
Զáͫȥ𪣬ֵط֣꣬·ɫţҪС
ݣ
һɫӰˮһλ񾳴޵üķ룬˲ɫ塣
ˮλŮߣҲڿУüĻɫӰ֮걻룬û˻ƿأӸ߿Ȼڡ
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ңµĿ겻ҡ
δأ૵ţɫɷס
ˣ״ɫ壬ǽϷգɱţЩ߶ĳϡ
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Ȼ
ĽɫţֵɫӰںӿţλŻڵĳʬҲǣڡ

ϼڡ
ԨݺǶܴ½ײ˵ܡ
ÿÿٿƲӣ;ò˳ۣΪΪƲӣΪ޵ĴڣжϳԨ뿪
Ԩ뿪һķӦаڡħںͽ롣
ʹǼˣûüͣ˲ֿ
ͻȻһܹŵ˲ײڱϼ档
Ϊٿߵ½ײУԼӽ͵رɫ
ͷĽɫţһƬɫӰû֪ɣӿܴѶһ棬ŭûдһ澯ǣҪ뿪뿪ǽ򣡡
½ײһڣжԪڵˣԨǶԵģ

ں׷ɳš
Ԩħ֮ᡱ塪ħ壬˶Ѫ̳Ժ󣬺ܶ˶ըˡ
֪ħ֮ᡱȴŹѪ̳ˣ׷׾Уʼָħ
ʱվָҪԨ̸
ͨ
ͻȻ䣬һʬ崩Ļ͵׹
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ڵĳ񣬿亣ʬ壬ɫ΢䡣
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ڵĳһԼ侲Ӧˡ
׵ģѪ̳ɱ壬ĴŵģѪ̳Ѫ̳ѯʣԨ㵱϶𡣡
ҪԨ̸ûʵǰϣԨҪſڿӣ˵˵
һѪ̳ǽĺȻħйأ˶ˣħĻˣҪվάħϡ
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ţħ֮ᣬħ̳ĳƺ
ԨЦЦָָͷϢǣħ֮᲻ٺ£ںϡ˿ں׻ģֻѪ̳ѡ



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Ѫ̳İ֎[˵У𽥸ˮ档
޺ʼսں֮⣬ħǺʶʹδ̤ⷽߣӳУһЩڣҲ֪һЩ顣
ħǺڶУΪǿ֧
ħȺַΪܶ࣬Ʃħħ壬ǵһȺ
ħҲǺӸ嵱УӺصġ
ԭܼ򵥣ںص塢壬ṳ̂ǰǺӵħ
˵ħǸǺӵİ
صǿ𣬷׷״ܳȽħȺΪĿ꣬ѹɱĥΪ
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Ҳˣħ壬ͺصĴ޲죬ݡ
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Сħ֧һѪ̳ûС
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Ѫ̳Ǻ֮⣬ħԦţûھ޵Ļǣ鲢Ӵ
ǺӾޣһУҲᱻûĹͷʣ
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ĴޣǺ֮սУ֪ԹѪ̳Ŀͷ
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ÿ塢ޣһʤħȺӵѪ̳һʱ佫ݻ١
ΪҶѪ̳Ŀ֮ħȺս
ںصʷϣû˵Ѫ̳˷أܽڵ硣
񣬾ȻһѪ̳ǽĺ
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Ӻζ
ֻҪеӣѪ̳ԲܣŴ˴׹䣬ܱܹԪ޵ĸ֪뵽أǽ
һѪ̳ƿǿսڣصЩ۷ޣȻҲӦ
Ŀԣûеġ
ôǱܴǽĺ
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ħΣ˺ص˾޴
ǣڵĹԼҲΥģ
ʦ֣»չڷ˵Ǹ¼ȻѾ׶ˣǾͲҪ˰ɣ
ǵģǨŭԨԨ˵˵
ǲѪ̳ӦҲд˰ɣݺƳ˷һۣһˣԸںˡħߣҲ֪飬ҲӦװϹӣ
ĬΣôһ仰Ȼųȥ̸
ԨЦŵͷ˵ˣħ֮᲻棬ǻˡѪ̳γɵġĻпƿġѪ̳æոµĴʬ׷ɱ壬һӹ˲ǡ
˵һȷʵһסŻڵĶ諣һͷ֪ʲôҲ֪ǰеķ򣬿Ԩ͵Ŀ˵ݺ»ˣĵĵ㣬ҶС
ţڣҪݺ»Ǹˡ
ǶԵġ
Ԩĳ֣֪ȥ֪ôӳ졣
λǿźܶСӵĹŻ꣬õŵ¡
ȷ»ݺû֮ǰҲǵһԼĴ
ˮڵҲǸ
֎[ͳԾ
ݺڰ֣ʾ⣬Ȼ֣µ˵Ԩǻųȥ



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׷š
϶Ԧžƿں󷽣ͬѸĵ硣
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ͷĺգһշֿٺЦţħµ۹
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ڣҫ۵λħµ۹򣬡һˡңں¿ҪӦ
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Ľһ£ʲôܣǸˣԨ
ġվ;ˣڿҪյģǡ
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ʲôо£֪ƿ֪аڣһ챦
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ʱԶԶһۣϷʼոԨġٴο˵оһӣˡ棬ûĸоҾ㣬Լ˵
ܰɣպȻоģҲǰ˼Ĵɣ
϶ͷ٣
Ԩһ
д󵨰죬çײ֮ĺգһԨһۣԵ̾ԽԽˣ

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ߣһЩʬ壬ǴǶųϡ
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صǡ
ԨУңаڵ϶ֻҪ·ǡĻƳǻ
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һ·ǰԨڴŮҵɫ£͵شս̽ͷؿڴһڷֱؽͿĨ֬ζ
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Ҳ˵ݵܵܣϲأ
Ҳܲܰﵽңо˶ģǴСУ˵ע⣬Ԩָ𣬡㲻ҪΪеã
ЩˮڵˣȻһģ׷׽
ݺһ䣬ףֱ˵ˮȥ
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ңҡ
֧֧죬˵߾ߣһ뵽Ӳǿסˡ
ȻЯһöؼƷ̻굤ʱòţ֪ݺأΪβ׳ԨĿ⣬͵ؿڣ˵̻굤ζֱܷġ
⻰һЦˣü
̻굤



İʮ 
ĵ裬֮
ؼƷ̻굤ʶ΢ԵػɱΪߣ档
ݺʵδִ΢
ΪʶƿʱķһЩ
ǽڵЩʦųûжյģòš
ˣݺʦûж׼ĵ衣
ǶΪӵݺǽֻ߹ɢɢûŵضŵľ
ϵǽĺħصġħ֮ᡱƳʩӵķ
Ҳ벻ݺںףѰԨʱ̫
ڶҴߣҪʱܱ̾ߺӽʹݺľҡ
ʱήҲ޹⣬Եס
ؼƷ̻굤һˣͼӰأڶ˲ָЩȥԸľʱ䱣ֹͨʼոдܱߺϸ΢ֹħѪ̳
ˮڵؿղһö̻굤Լʱòϡ
Ϊβ׳ݺ˲ָ츣ң
ȻݺƾʲôҪˮڵˣҪǻŪǽ
Ԩģᵽؿڴɢݶĵ̻굤ζûش·Ҫᱡǰ㣬ٽϸ
϶һö̻굤
̻굤
Яһö̻굤Ϊʲô˵
̻굤ҾԨûʲôе⣡
̻굤ݺѸٻָôҶ棡Ҳ֪ųʱͨжôĺ񣡡

ŻڣħѪ̺ͻڵˣԨǷ֮󣬻Ȼ
һĿ⣬˼ЦѰζ
ҡ
شͷһԼؿڣֺݺݵԨһۣԸ̣ǹô̻굤ĵҩζӦñ֬ζˣôų
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Ԩָ֣Ϊңָؽ󴦣˳ǣ˵ϳϣҲ˺ǲ㵥£̻굤
ǰͻо̻굤⡣
̻굤ٴչ¶̬ȣ͡
һúܡ
ݺֵأһߣԼһаָͷָزġָͷ
Ȼɫת䣬ҵӭˮڡ
һվԨ֮䣬ֵ뿪
һЩˮڵߣɫɥһ԰۰ͰͿ
ҪԨָָָ㣬е̬˾Ҳ
֪֪̻굤飬æڳ̬ݺģãҲ᲻̻굤ҲǲֻǾãʱûеٵȵȡȵִﺣأҪ俪Ļʱٽ̻굤ȡϡ
ĲСϣңԭҡ
Ͱ͵ذţǰ½ڣһöĴָĵƿɷ˵ӲݸݺãöҩҲһЩûڽؿڱ棬Ϊ΢ˣɢݵҩʶĴ
΢Ϊʶãһö̻굤ܸΪʶȷܰС
Ҳѹ֣֪ݺľ޴᲻ù׳
Ϊ̻굤ʱ̶Уʱǵɢݵҩӿʶᡣ
ٺ٣
ԨƤЦⲻЦأôЦ
ˣҲ
Ԩ
ס̻굤ݺתˣһ˵ô˵
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⻰һҪˮΪѡڻҡ
Ҫ٣ҪװˣͶˮڵˡ
Щδ֪򣬱Ҫ̽죬Ҳˮȥ
ã
ڵĳ۾һЦ绨˵ݵܵܣˣҾϲֶԹģ
Ѫ̵֎[㶣ǹݸŹЦݡ
ԨɺоԴ½νɣǲСΪϼ½аħڵķ롣
Ǻã
ݺӹö̻굤Ųأʹǰȥ
ûѯͬⲻͬ⡣
ܼ򵥣ҪôԹҪôֱ뿪
ɥҧԨ޵ˣҲҿڡ
̻굤ݺط֮ǰڵʯ̨֮󣬾ǵ裬еҩ
Ԩ»ˣֻһɫɵġ
𣿡
³ȹϢü΢С΢Ϊʡ
ԨȻʲô
ӷŹ⣬۶鷢ԶԶĹĵ˵ˮڵĽ㣬ؿڵζ㲻㣿
̻굤ζ㣬ֻǱȽرѡԨʡ
ֻǵζ𣿡ʡ
Ԩ˵ͷȻô˿̵ƺ
̻굤Լףֻؽ󴦵ζ㲻㣬ѾͷЩʲô
죬ĵ׺һ

ڵĳ񣬺Ȼ֎[Ǳ߳ҵƿƿ޹ޣ߶żײ졣
ã̵ĳ񣬴ĺ࣬ߵװ
ĺܸߴ󣬺Ϳݵ֎[һߡ
ţҲΪǿ׳
òڣֵܴüë罣ŶӲһ·ԨǰʱֹԨ֣ˣͬþ
󷽾ƿڣħڵĺգͻȻȻЦ϶Ҿûڵ񣬺ܰ㣬ҪҪǿǣ
аڵ϶жƫᡣ
ڵĳŮǿ׳
ھƿ϶ôһ˵ԶԶһ³ӣĵ˵𣬱Ϲ˵˵һ㶼ϲš
Գ϶еη壬ÿοܹ
ȿȣ˵չЦ·ͻȻҵȤ˵аڣͳأֻ໥֮俴˳ۣÿζܿԷǲ
϶Щаڵߣĵͷ졣
ס죡㲻˵û˵ưͣ



İʮ ѯ
ֵĳ񣬰һࡰվԨǰ
һĲȻЦݣ֪㣬еӣݵܵܣĶ˳ۣҲΡ
һŪЩĪԨ㶡
һͷӦ
λԻڣŴҰĸߴŮˣԼ񡭡ȴʼնš
һֱŵġǺӾ޵һϢͻħѪ̳һΧڶ첻쳣
ҲţӦûʲôˣᵽŨѪ
ɳƫƫһֱ
£Ԩ䲻ȵ
ݵܵܣ㣬Ӻζѯʡ
ôһ˵ϷܶˣҲȻȻͬŹֵĸо
Ԩһʱ˺ܶע⡣
ۣҲûŨѪĹ㣬ϲһʯ档
ʯһӣۣáˡ
أԨһ͵ħ֮ᡱ˵Ѫ̳飬˶ٹע㣬ص˼ţλȥ
㣬Ҳͱʱˡ
˿ƯŵĹ˵£ȷ˴ҵע
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̻굤ݺΪҪѰԨ鷳ȣǻʲôҲˡаڵ϶žƿں棬ǿȥаڡħһͬС
ڸˡ
Ԩ֮ͰͲصԽԽá
޲ûڣѪ̵ЩҴߣϽ뿪ͼ½ɲдߣһھƿڡ
ܴѹ
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̬ȣЦ˵ҷϲ㣡ݵܵܣ㿪ۣΣ۸
ԨڣֵΣ
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Ԩֹһ䣬ǰߡ
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Ԩһ㶣Ȼ˲
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ܶ˳ţȥ﹵ͨʶ
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Σ֮ʣܹʹ󲿶ӻϣ¡
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ݺоƿ϶գԴǵ̬Ⱥ飬൱Į
Եų⡣
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ƲӣںԪڵģڵݺˣ˵⣿
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ġҡҡͷѪ𵴣ûдԶֻСƬ򡣡
֮ҲΪģԼ϶ߣͿգǶĺҶȤԲߡ
Ժյ˽⣬һвʱԥ

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ħѣԨٿⷽҶʼԿɷħķʽ
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ˣԨǰϢչ¶ɷħ֮ѳ˳
һʬҶҪԨһֻҪɷħңҪڶʱڣ˶ߣ
㣡㾡ܳԣұ֤㡣һչֽŵļƣԼҶڣŶȥ
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Ԩٶԣ߶ɷħתħΪųɡɷħصĸʽ

˿˿Ƶ̣⣬ҶĸŶ
ǵģ֪Ĺ˸ȻҲԨ
һ̣ԨоԼһµĻͥСأһתħУţûţһܹɵ
͡ҫ֡ͬɷħ֮󣬲ҪκεϴӾ棬޾ˮ㣬һԶأӡ񱩣˴ڡ
ħĲ֮ͬźܴ
ۣ꣡
С⣬Ԩ壬͸Ѫ룬΢Смอ
иʴصܣһᶾ͸Ƥ⣬ʹ˵ܡ
絶Ĺâ˲䳶ͥСأڲĿռ䣬پҫֵϴֻĴܣ䵽·ء
ڵʣڻͥСصģأаѪ
ԡɷħͼɷħԨϸţظϸ΢仯
ħ꣬Ǿͥߣ



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ͥڣáڣִ˺ܾúܾáʱһԽֱӽѨϵƾ
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ϼڣԪڵƲӣȻһҶһֲħʯը֮¶棬ӡŵħƣ
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ӿ񱩵⣬ʣܱγһų
ɷħڳ忪ֱ֮Ӵǣ
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ͣУ͵ۡ
ֻɢʬǾѪ⻹ǹͷ˹Ƿۺͷɻҡ



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Ǳ¶ŵϰƤ棬ȻֳƬƬħơ
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Զϴǣ㹻ǿܳءɷħפ



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еѪ಻ɣͨʳ
ߣɣ壬ٳͥСأͽͥѨϣ쾫ᡣ
ǰҲͨάϵѪǣû̫ǿҵļС
Ȼһ뵽еŴ򿪣ҪѪ⾫Ѫô򡢴ĥǡ
Դ½ͨùƵĵ裬̷֮Ѫеš
еŵٴѪ⣬อӶǿǵá
½ħħڣаڡѪ֮ɣϰͨʳ
ǿޣûǵޣ޵Ѫ⣬Ϊʳֱ̳븹ѪİѪ뵽еš
壬ԹҲַͨʽǿ
½ʱУкܴ졣
˻ȡѪķʽԴ֮ͬ⣬ӳ̶ȣҲһ
ڣߴڵڣᾡأԽٴ˾̫ãϵѨϣѸʶ
ֻйŻڣŻķѴʱ侫ǡ
֮ˣΪ½ڼͳߣʼգѪǵǿ󣬲Ըϣķ̫ྫ
Ǹµͥϵʶ
ΪֻҪԵػ꣬ʶһ۳Ρ
ʵԵĴڣӿ֮γ龧ǡ
ܺ꣬һɾͳܰǿգ޾
ѹҪɼѪɱɣҲ͵ºܶνͳޣԸķ̫
ΪѸٵִ΢񣬽׵ξھǶ졣
½ħߣܶ඼ԸúýǴĥ͸ÿһѪ⣬ÿһÿһͷǧ
ΪܶǿħѪĽϣҪѪϻ
Ҫǻ
ѪǵϿ̶ȣɷħеٮٮߣ½
֮ǰڡɷħڣʱЩŶ⣬к̺ܶ࣬Ѫġ
񣬽ɷħеţںףԨʱС
һȺļһ
ۿűĺصʯȴƿҲûȺԨа
Լãڡɷħʵûж̫ãñ˻ȴ
ҲͰˣ˾ˣôݺҲˣ
ʮ⣬һƬɫӰںףӿš
ɫӰԭĿ귽򣬾ĺᵽѰѪſ·
ǣԨӶ߳Ȼԡɷħǡɷħ΢е֮ɫӰͻȻͣס
ɷħԨѨϣɢݵӿѪ𵴣ʱʧɾ
򺣵ɢĵǵʯĸԨڱΡ
ɫӰŰѪ̳ͣһٴθ֪ͷԨ֮أտյ
ûκ鶯û쳣Ѫ
Ѫ̳ͣһӣӦԶ֮µѪȻ
Ԩڵλýӽµŷλȥ˱𴦡
ú
ƯڱԨĴһӣҲûûз־ƿټ
ţ룬ͷͥСء
ʶһʺĲʺ磬̫
һ̫һֻ۾Ӧ΢ϵ
Ÿ֪
κ۾Ȼһѭһ̫һλ
ڣˣӦҲһ𡣡

ݣ
ˮеӰ磬ԭȵٶȣ߰˱
˲Цݣȥڻͥʱ಻ͬ
Ǵ֮󣬱ء
˿ںˮڣԼëϸ׷·ˮںڷӯһҲȻƯš
Ҳ亣ס
ŲƣɶֻҪתһѪԱԭȿٶȣһš
⣬Ǿߣܴ顣



İʮ 
ǽһ֮ء
ɫĹĻ֮ʵֳ
˴ġĻ֮󣬱͸ӨӨĹ󣬷·һܶ

𻨣ǡĻƺߡ
𻨣΢ҴߵʶӴҪ͸Ļ⡣
ϧʶһǱĹĻײϣ⡣
ϣ
һȼŵĻ𴸣ħһλͷţڡĻ
ĹĻû仯ǻϵģشˮĽɫ磬˲Ϩˡ
λħڵ꣬ɫ䣬۵ؼæջء
ۣڴ壬Ҫָܵ𻵡
Ӿƿڣ߳˺ܶˣǳʶƿǰıĻҪȥ
ֻҪ뿪ƬϾܰ⣬ٲõ¡
˸ʩֶΣǡĻȻ˿
͸ƿڣա϶ࡢ֎[ˣû뿪Ǿƿš
ħ꣬ɢڵϣҲУǿЩħ޹ߵɥ顣
ǣʱֺǺǵЦ·Ȥ
»ͷಢվţ꣬һֱ֡
ڣӷĿУҲֻ֪Ī⣬˼½ħı
Ī⵽ʲôͷʱħеģǲ
ûʲôð
ʩ˼죬ۿЩһ뿪ƿԺһδεضȫᣬɱĻʼղ䣬ʧૡ
ڵĳ񣬴žƿĥʲô
֎[Ǻգʱ϶
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϶˲ЩΣ˼ش˴֣ǸĪ⡭ħֹ꣬
ħ²أ飬ĴϣЩãƨͷţ
϶һ˵ûзӣƿǰĻط뿪Ҳ֪Ѫ̳Ĵǻ˵ʲôʱ򣬾ᵽǵټѰ˹ء
ҶҲĻۼ˾ƿ
϶λħʱԵΪСĽƺĲ
Īⲻ͵Ҳѧǳûʲôӣ
Ŷ϶΢΢һЦʵҿԵġԨ˵켶Ʒȫһƿˡ
ƿֻ켶Ʒѡ廰
ʱĪ񣬲ȥ棬Щ˶ԡĻͽ޹϶˵˵ɡ
ɹ󡭡ҲС϶
ɹ󣡡
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Ҫ֣ȫɱħ꿴Ǽһۣһ˵º󣬾Ѫ̳ͷϣ޹ء
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ܿƵطš
ݺ㣬ʯ̨俴㱾ô󣬴ִ֮أҲٿҵƿĻˡ
ֻ۾ֱ̫ǵû
֮ʯɵ˼ݺƿصٶȣں·ɳۡ
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Ҳǿ㣬ݺŶôһ仰
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ǺӶѹᡣ
ֲԨūͣԨֻǺϵҪԨǽʣƿĻӷгѡ
ôŮԼԨūͣˣ
Ȼ䣬۾΢
Ԩ̫𣬸֪ʱҲʱӦ
ݺ䴫ݻȥ֪ԨѴӡɷħҳǽӽ
ģݺȻˡ

еԨǰķѸٷš
ɷħѪţʱأ΢΢һɢݳѪ
СڣѪɷħĴڣڱţ¸š
˿˿ѪеݳŰ澭
һӣɷħڣ͵һ
𶯣ԨѪͻȻʹ
ͬʱһƺĻӡɷħĶڣһطħڣһ
ħĺ䱣ұˣ˭ɷħΪڣ



İʮ ˭˭٣
ӡɷħһħ͸
ˮзŵԨȻͣޱ䡣
䱣
ڷࡢ»˵ĿУѾ֪ħߣνĺ䱴ˡ
һֻ˼ѻ
䱣񾳵ħޣںϺ̳ݡ
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Ԩ֮ʱûһʱ𻰣š
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Ȼˣ䱵ĻӡɷħҪʲô
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λΪħǽĴޣںδͨʲôֶΣʲôط衰ɷħݵģ
Ԩ˼룬ûѶ
ܸоɷħѾǱħ֮ȡҲǱƿء䱳ٳٵòѶԼУ㲻Ī⣡ĪĻһǣͻӦ
㣬ӦҲǲμˣ
Ҫ֪ǽƻңҲסҪ֪˭ҪɷħΪңΪЩ飡
ħ䱵ʶһħԵüꡣ
ΣԨһͷеţԨ
㣡
䱵ĻȻˣȻɷħ㻹ںˣʲôһ״Ԩϣʵң
ҲңںףĿǰûбѪ̳ĨɱҴߣƿϼ顣ӦڳţƿµĻǽӳȥߵľ֪Ԩ
ţ;һԣÿһͷĥ
γģѯʡ
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ڣڽӽӦúһҪ߾ƿĻǽ롣

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䱵Ļþû
㾹Ȼ
ðΣ䱵Ļٴδǧ꣬Ժĳޣ벻жĻγɣΪЩ߳Ƕеĵڶư
ԨȻһ𣬡˵Ūң
һ㣬ʮͼƺ⣬ơⲻ㣬˵ѳ̾ϢһҪյ㣬ȥƿɷħʵǴԼȡ
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Ԩںףһ˵˵ǽĺףֻܷĻǱȽ׶Ըɣ
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ᱻǿɷħɷħУκˣƿĻ䱼ˡ
Ų²䱸߾ƿ֮࣬ȥƿĻ
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ĳ֣Ѫ̳ɫӰҪ̱ҡ
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Ԩһĵ֣ȫʩΪ۹صĽâ⣬ǿ̳δصס
н֣нꡢâ壬˵
ɺ䱣֪
ˣֻ³ç޴Ȱ˵
л䱴˵ĸ֪ԣҲȫšԨĵһ˵ǣһ˵֪ǲ˵ʵһȥ֤棬Ǽ٣Լһ𰸡
ҵĻ㾹ȻҲţȻŭСӣ֪һͻʧȥɷħ֪޶ۣҾͲú˵ôĻ
˵˵ҶȥأڻۡԨ



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Ȼֹסš
ȡȨӶɢݺ΢͵رɫ
װڣ諣ˣɫأǰ
ϼƬƬˮɢ佦
ֻ֧ġϼ顱ڵ½ײͷϣһϼע뱦顣
Ǳ飬Ȼڲϵţôֹˡ
½ײںµ½ѪСΧˮȾ졣

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һӲӵķһ
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䣡
ԪڵƲӣһſȼŵĹ򣬱ʽƿƿ޹޹š
׵Ʋӣһڵ棬ˮˡ
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׵ױȣȹ쾫滭ŵҽϪӡ
ͷĺգÿȶһ±ȣڵҽϪӣŻϪˮƺӿ
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ܶƿޣϷɳСȵʯ飬ײƲܱ߹
ɫͷ۳Щƿƿ޹ڷɳںڣ۳΢Сǳ㣬ҫ
Ʋӣʶȴ͸
żͷųģɵʶһӴ۳ʹؼС
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ѪǾ毺õΣһƬƬɱݣѪ⾫Ʊ龡Ե쳣ѿ
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ݺ̲סԨͻˣֱӵ
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Ȼһ˷ĲսħĪָ£ħħڡаڡںѪ̵ˣڶ½ײЩˣѪȵɱ
һ߾ߣˮڡڣڵʬ塣
Ϊʲôһ
аڵɹҪѪ⾫Ҫǿֻˣܺ;ƿţʲô˵ĻװֽһΣħǸ꣬˶½ײ˵ɱ¾ΪƿĻ
ôһ˵Ԩʱ˹
һӨӰ绯һ⣬·䡣
ſڣ԰촽£Ⱦǡ
δޡ諹˵



İʮ 
ںУ߾ȫأӡ
һεξӨ飬亹ܺӰ죬Ѹٱ
һɺ޵γɣ֡
ʱҲ˲û᲻ֻ뾡ܵأһ㣬Ȼٽһ㡣
ԭɭӯžºͿֻţ׵Ĳ촽䶯֮ʣڴ
ı־
ͬģλڵҴߣаڵ߻ɱΪɹǿ׳Ѫ
ƲӣǺա͹£Թ˲Ͼ
½ײԦġϼ顱ħħնıĽۿҲױ顣
Ǭ½ڵڿ̿УѰžѸͻơ
ǵһΣμӸһͬģ
ǽ̫ƽȫҲ֪㣬ŰʶҲûԤϵᾭ̡
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ڻɻ󣬻ڻ֣̿ǰһ̻లµ˫Ϊα
ۿţЩϤ˽ȥ֣ҵһݣҪƴץס
»Ҫ֪һ㣬һͲ֮飡
ħķ࣬ں׾ߣѵ»˵ѾͷǺһһȣҲԲ֣
ӧҪʩ˼ɱ޵ģ»
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Զǵһ㣬ӪӪߣȻħѡУȻħҪǰνľ飡˵Ԩǰħµ۹ֿѣֵܣñʱҲ飡
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ܣǺͱɱߣҲԼԨһĹϵ
ĪķԸ£ںա϶ЩͷߵĿУǻʹɱ֣ʶﵱɱ
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۹֮սԴ½ͼ½ԭӲпᡣ
»̾Ϣ
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ͬʱУȡƿȨݺѸٽӽѯʡ
ȻŤͷؿĵô
諺ͿװڣнڡŻڵߣͬʾġ
ʱ˭֪Ԩ޵Ĺϵˣ֪ȻǬ½񣬿˻Լʼûн
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ΪɽģԪڵƲӣѱ˲ޡ
ܻŽӽҲΪһξ̵»֮ģûиһ
Ψһǿǽ
ֻҪõֻҪܽĿԣͻ
Ԩ
գһ죬һӨ׵С۾Ҳ
Ҫܽ磬ҪԨƽ鵭Įݺ˵һֱԼ𣬾һֽԼΪ衣̫Ըݼ֮ݶūҵĶ㺦δඥѣֱȥ
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Ц飬ȻôԼұԸˣԼҲͽˡ
ڣһ˵꣬˶Ĭˡ
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װ㶵أһ
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ȻĺǸӣЩ֪롣
ݺ˴˵һ䣺Ŷ
ȦȻɢɵĹĻû¶϶Ҳܻǽӽ
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ˣһܽ磬泯ޡ
羧Ө͸棬ܿ˴ϣϸ΢ı仯
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ϣ˲䲼Ȼ;
ſ죬Ҫ˵Щʲôһֶ˵
У밧ԨȥӲ˵ڡ
ʧ䣬ԺУֳһĻĻ棬ڰ³ǣݼǸ߸ϵ̬ԨĴӲ࿴һۣݼ˵ӡ
ΪƲݼңƲجδ
ݼҵΪһ㲻֪
ιǶūͣ
뵽Щٿһ͸ܽ磬УٽһλδĵͰúޡ
һ㱡磬жԹ
Ԩ㣬ȥ
ͻȻ䣬պͳΧԡѪƲӣĺں׶˳
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ԶȻ飬ңڲŻȺ㣬ݼ֣޹أϵδޣһ棬һ·
ޣ΢ԽػͷƲӡ
û뵽λԪڵ֮ӣȻΪԨ飬Ρ
պͳɫŹ֣ҵĹ
λħֻ꣬ӶıȣȻͣ£ȤأԶԨ˵˺жϹһıƣ壬û뵽ӣȻһ֡
廰˵ŮˣֻǺΪѡĶ¯ˡ¯ʱԱǸ׾ġΪôһС츳ҲŮˣƲӾȻƴ顣
ж̫ҸжˣҶ᲻ɱˡҡͷԵ˵
ԨҲȻʧЦû뵽ءȻˣǾһԧˡޣôõˣ㲻·ɣţ߲ͣףǻȪԵ
仰ޣתݺ
Զ㣡



İʮ пɱ¾

ǱĪԦħųĿħ⣬ֲѪӿնҡҡ׹Ѥñ顣
ħˮһΪ
һİ̵ĺâħ硣
ħƣħǧãӳǺâ硣
꣡
½ײͷϵġϼ顱ħâڱ顣
һ̵â͸롣
֧ŵŮͷţΪء
šϼ顱Ⱥգ϶ž˼½ײô棬նɱ
ɹȻа½ײ
½ײնϵ壬ûѪ䣬ǡɹ󡱵ִܴ֮аǣٿط˹ȥ

ͬʱ֎[ϷŪõ½ײ־ؼš
ңȾǣ֪ˣ
۰Ͱ͵أźԶأˮڵطݡ
ˮɵˮӰ죬˲Ϣǧɡ
ڣ˶أĺİС
йŻںͽڵӣ¶Ŀõı飬Ҳ˰̾һ
Ԩһ޶ԣûĺУ˿ֻǿţ˦ޣҡͷ
Ѫ̵֎[׺ˮԨЦһᱲˡ
һѪâŤŵߣڷɴܡ
ӯǣۿɼٶȣøɱ
ǹ⾰ƤƤɵҪѿûˮֺѪ
Ȼ󣬡ɹû½ײ֮󣬷ŶҲʳѪ⾫꣬ܡ
һûн
֎[ɫһ䣬˫һѪⶸȻҫ
Ǿƿڣʩ϶΢΢һǸ⣬˵ֹӣǵҪƿĻһˮڵѾͷ侫Ѫж棿
ˡ֎[һƽϡ
Ҳ֪Ѫ̵طǽдѪûǡɹ󡱾һɾѪ֮ܡ
ͻӰ조ɹ󡱵ܣǵ衣
˰ɡ
ħĪ⣬ֹһ䣬ҿڡϼ顱ѣ½ײ֮󣬾ֻʣƲӺޡ
ڣˮڵĲдߣȫ
ƲӺ޻ܻţֻ»֣˿̵ĺպͳûоȫƲӵ
Ӧòˡ϶˵ͷǡɹ󡱻ڷɶ͵һЦüأĪ˵ƲӻûǸѾͷҲء
ƲӲЦţźˮȻޡ
ޣʧ˻㣬Ƭˮһ
ݺԨһ䡰Զ㡱˾룬Ǿܾ̬ԵĲԡ
ԨỰҲòȼϣ棬Ϩ
½ײ֪ĪЩˣǶôĲ̱塣
½ײΣ
ƲӵȣԨţӶ˵ûܾ
ܿƿӹǱħԴУ
գ
Īһȡ
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˷Ѵʱ䡣Īߴ١
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ҡŵıȣȻһƬӿ𺣣ƲӶȥ
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Ԫڵλ֮ӣӣ˲䱻ʽħаûںڣһ۶ˡ
ž꣡
Ѥõħ⡢аܣƲںˮڣײš
ƲҲֻܾȡһ˿ʱ䡣

ϷڵĿװڣͻȻ̾һ
ԨĮȻأײɱˡ
Ϊ˵֪Դ½ͼ½ߣڸصؾվ֮أ촦ʱƵѪ¾
Σ˼½ɻʤڡԪڡˮڵĲ߲Ұܶ
ڱأڱؾأԴ½ɲߣ½ˣϢնɱɾ
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˵Դ½Ǽ½ߵһ˵
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ʲôԨһЦ֣
ݺͷȷģƲӡ޵ħΪ׵ļ½Ҵߣìͷһתָ
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֪Ǽ£ѹûоȨ
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죬ںˮӿȼգһųһ棬໥ײţ𾧰Ĺ˸
Լ䣬Ҫֳɽ
諾켶

һħâˮϲ㡣
Ʋ죬ڲɽδ֣ͱħնĹâѿ

մϲЦˮڲˣ˱ȹţһͷƲںˮ
ˮ类俪һ
ȻͼǱħն˺ѵĽ죬һƬƬ룬Ʊ䱦û
ħںԪڵĳޣ½֪
˵˵ħںԪڣʱ򣬻һС
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ڵĿװڣ˵仰ʱأɽ谮֪ˣưոݡЩ۷ƶĹᱻƣƲˣ¶ᱻ׷
ǵǣԴ½ͼ½ĺƽƣ˶ҡ
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ΪΣ϶⡣
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϶˲ˣͷõģõġΥĪķԸ
ն˳ħǱ߷룬ĪⱳƯš
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˰ɣɱЩˣѾ㹻ɹ󣬶ĻˡԨ΢Цţ˵Ī֣Ȱҿ·Σ



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϶޳һ˫֣㷢ŵ
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϶ЦģָףĽذףҫűĹһؽص
ļƣֻҪĪһ£޾Ҫָףͷ­
Ϊаڸͽֳ֡ƿ͡ɹ󡱵жƫŮԵоɱıԣǲѷɫڳ˵ġ

Īⱳֻ̧һӣ¿ԨЦ˵ѾͷȻƲۣϾҲϵδް㿴Ұˣ˾ƿѾͷ裬δã㡣
ԭǰõġԨȻӦֵлһ䣬ֻϧҲ⡣ҲûʲôȤʵϣ뺮ڵĿܶû
ͷ
֪ģ½أԨɱޣԽ͡컯Լ׾١
ĲĪϵЦݣһ
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ҪǣĪߣڿװڡϣΣ㣬һ˹
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ϣƿڣԴ½ͼ½ĲдߣɫأĪԨ
ĪŶ䣬ͷʱԨʱɫԥ
ԨȻɫƽݣȻ塣
κ
ĪԨһ´Ĵָ˵ͷһԲصͷֱӽ˾ƿҷԸ϶λƿĻ
϶ſԣĪ俴һۡ
ðɡ
һӣұʲôкźѸٽžƿⷽȥ
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գ֎[ǳˣƵƵͷŹ֡
»һЦ̯֣ʾħҲ޿κΣӰ첻˷Īľߡ
ƿнԶ
ڣһƨأŲûеġաֽеүүˡ
صǰڵͥѨϣû뵽û뵽Ī⾹Ȼ˲ˡ
װԨһۣɷħڣʲô
Ԩҡͷûʲô
Ưڵһ죬һӨ׵ֻС۾˸ŹĹâʼնȥľƿ
ݺ侲ô죿
ԦžƿԨ
۾΢
װںͶ諣ˣǼʲô
ߵһƵƱػѪ̳ĪӦҲףԲҺǾѡ񾡿ȥԨһ䣬õƷɹ󣬺;ƿţмƿĻȥմ⡣
諵Ҳ𣿡
Ǻܴ󣬿ڡݺ޺Ȼأһۣ㣬ǿƿȨҺʱ̫ˡ
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ݺΣֻԣٴžƿȥ
ǣȻ˹ڵĳ񣬷ѽĪ⣬ЩһﵨӺܷʰƲӺ½ײˣǻҹ
Ϊʲô֣϶Թί˵Ʋ⣬ΧɱϢй¶ȥٻе鷳ħǿû
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ҲѪ̣ںаڵˣͬϸأ˵в
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϶ȻƲӺ½ײǣȿװڣݺ׶Ը˵ˣǲ𣿡
׳գĪһСӣڵѾͷǱƲӡ½ײǿչľƿҲǶ֣Ǽϡɹ󡯣һս֮ҲľǰѪꡣ
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Īһ㲻ѵ϶ѵ㡣
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Ԩ
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ǲãԨжôǿս
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ǣҲɣ
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࿴ǰħĪĻڱɫʶʲô
ʣǽʣ϶Ȼ
㶣͵˵뿪ϼʱ½ײƲӵǷҪ裬Ԩ뿪ġգԨԽʣָϼʱ½ײͻȻˡ
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ĪһƿڣЩ½ĲſȻɵˡ
ԨȻĪΪ֮ɵ
ôܣ
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һλͥѨϣֳؽʣҳħ󡱶ǽļһĪ⵱ȻҪضԴ
οݺͿװڣҲǡ
ҪǺˣɡĪַԸ뿪ҲΪ˷ֹѪ̳Ҳ֣սôãôˣѪ̳·δܵһʱ֪ûѸٿļ󡣡
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ԨҲ仰Ծ죬Ȼ٤ħ
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Ԩšһš
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ⲻ֪ԶľƿڣĪҲΪԨԨеĽʣûиʹɱ֡
Ԩڵ֪ǱħȻǡ٤ħ֮󣬾ͶĪ֪٣еǱħľ٤ħ
Ҳ֪ϤԻӦȳĻҸ߸ģ档ģҲ͸¶Ҳ塣һﹴĶ
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ʼձţʱɱݣʱɿֲɫʱž֡
ƲûѰѪҲûʶڣƺֻһ־
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ʲôȡ
ݺҲͨɫϸ΢ã֪λڵͷߣֿ֮
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װ˵仰ʱԨҲãҲգǰɷɷֻһ־Ѫͻ£ɷѸͲڡ
ֻһЩأɷܱӰ죬ſܳڶҲȻ𡣡
ʱ䲻ɢɷö֮ᷢı仯Ϊɷ顣ɷγ֮󣬻ۼʽǿ
ɷ飬ûǣûǻ۵ģֻбܡ
Ψͨǿߣҵɷ飬ռǣܸǣԼ¡
ǣöԸɷ飬ɷħ
װϸ͡
ɷħ
ɷħڣ
Ͷ諣Ԩȣɫ졣
ĻԨĺһߡ
Ԩ̹Ȼɷħڵִ֮ȻȻأӿոɷ
ûô򵥡װҡҡͷڣûжáɷħûԶǣɷоǣѾ뿪Щûǣɷ鶼ɷŹġ
ԨȻװڣ˵ʲô
ɷħϣװһ䣬ܶɷ˴ӰĶֻɷħǽ벻ɷħʲôɷԷۡ
һС۾Ŀ¡



İʮ ֮䣡
ԨΪ֮Ĭ
ɷħ£򣬶ɡɷ顱Ϊɷħķͬ
˶ֻǱԡɷħԺѪѡ
ָоڶһУͻƣ澭ĳͨܡĴʹ
ԡɷħΪ˽ⲻûע⵽ǷѪս󣬾ɷһ·β
ں£Ѫ̳вڣһʱ֮
֪ˡɷ͡ɷ顱𣬶Ϥ˽ɷ顱ɷħϸҲװһ޴ʿɱ硣
Ҳܣ׼鷢
ɷɷħ
ŻڵĶ諣һ˼Сĵع۲Ԩ
ôݺͷˣһװڣ԰֪֪٤ħ֪ɷɷɷħ𣬺˲𣿡
ݺΪƿ˺Ϳʦ˵һλŮŭȵڣֻߴ֮һſʲô
Ҿſˣݺʾ
ŮҪ˵Щʲôװֹˡ
ˡ
װüͷû˼ֻǵǣЩɷ᲻ħ֮쵽⣬ɷħڲԨϣǷʵ
һ仰ûü˵Ȼס
ݺȻʧɫ
Ȼ䣬ǧ˿Ƶаâڲתݡ
ݣ
һĹ⣬ǰ͸ʯ̨ڣ͵طų
˶δʶΣʱǹֱأ
ͣ
һСӨ׼ޱȵأǹڡ
Сӿװǻɳ
һݺȥ⣬Сն͵ر俪Ĺ˸ڶϣ໺ֽС
ݺȻ³һѪѪڣǹ˸
ǿѪǰʯ̨ıΪѪ
ǳ˸Ѫʯ̨ãһһǳͼǿжȡţĿȨ

̫Ԩڵɫ䣬ϽָƯĹ㡣
ؿһֻӨ׵С۾װ˵ɷħһ£ԽԽ
ģǹʱñ־壬۾ʹ
ȻƵ
꣡꣡
һѤõĽâԨŵĽʣƯĹȥ
ǧ뷢
˺ѶĤХһâȻɣĻڵһСأǾ춯أֲ׵Ľâ
һɲçƵϵĽ⣬Ԩ۹ڱ
۰˲糺ɫֱƤ£쾧ҽʡ
Ԩһ˫۾ţԶ½صġءǳرӡ콣⹵ͨ
ֻϧƺħ֮ᡱǡĻĴڣ޷ء
ǿնѹ˲֪꣬ӺԨӴչֵΪ˳һ죬һӨ׵С۾ӯŰѪĹâ
һ̺ҹ棬ڱõĽâʱصĽ˲ֶ
һ·ӡǬ½ӵͼĽâ۶ţ¹سΣҲ
һ޾ҪնɱħĽâӲ
໥Ľâʮ̬ѤûâƥأҲ
ͣ
һ죬ﲼݵĿд
һݣ̼䣬УֱȥأһĿֲ⽣â
ͬʱ̬͵ХţѸٱ̬
գ۹˵Ƥӵ£һλݵģθɱ񣬴һɫӵš
Ųſɫۣг룬ȧݣ
ֻ۾Ȼһ죬һӨס
󣬻һͼ
ֱ̧֣˼̣ųĽâʱֱļͻȻը飬âʧʱһֻҲ̵Ѫɽ
ݣݣ
ʮɫĽâӽкһâ⣬Χƻŵȥ
âڷ֮أܼعݽײ˺
ԽڵģеҴߣۿмʮâңλס𾪵Ĵľ
Сӣһֱڷҡ
ֿ죬ɰͰ͵Цˣһ̵ֻ֣㣬ǽâ϶ڴ
â֯ɵֱ͸֮ƱŴ˷϶ϡ
ۣ
ֻ˲ӳʮ׵Ĺ֣̰㣬һλŻڵŮɱ
ŮʬҲ͵קأ뵽â֯
һŻλڵŮͷѶѪƤϣ类û
þúþˣŮѪζȻɿڰ
´ڣȻɳ߰֫λŻŮѪ⣬ڼʱڲʳһա
ʮλŮ˵ˣһѪʣ
̫죬ˣʼδ
ۣ
һ֣͸â֯ɱǰָݺĽŮǰ
ͬ˲䱬ͬѪһѪⱻ˲ʳɾ

ŵĹŻڡڵߣŵĻɢԶ뱻âʱڷ֮ص

ԨŽʣɫأ俴˿װһۣȻе㷴дˡ
ҡ
ֱڣװҲΪʲôλǰᱩѣݺԨ֡
ɷħңҴȥӴǷ
ǿݵ壬λŮȻұĹͷ˾ԵŮѪһܱ飬СӣϿģҲΪİҲô
ɷɷħ
̫Ԩڵ˺Զһ·͵ŭӿװڣ㣡
û뵽ҵԭ򡣡
װԨһ䡰ʲô˼ˡ
ǹͼıģҪģɷħ
ʯ̨ڣƳɷĸ棬¶ԨСɷħʵñǱһӵĹ㣬Ȼʹɱˡ
ûǷװ˳ẕ̇Ըͷš
ŪˣûɷħԨɫĮԼ侲ʼսŽʣָǻŵֻʶѡУ֮Լֻ뿪ұܿѪ̳ĸӦ
Сӣû˼ˡ̵ػ֫壬ؽڡ죬·󻬽Ĥ̫̫ʱûҶ̫ӦˡԴӱЩ壬ѹںףЩֻܿţһδενЦ
ЩۿɿڵСѾͷӳһιֱˮ
ڣڿԷſֽţˡ
зɳݣӭŽâ಻Ĺƣ貵⡣
ãǱʣڲĽâҶã



İʮ 
ѹף
ݺޱȣⷬȻ顣
װ룬ξ˲˹㣬㲻Ǻ壿
ݺϵˣһ
Ϊĳλǰ
ħ֮ᡱΪΪǽߣ岻ӦóӦȹ̾ƣǡħ֮ᡱ侲
ǻ뷨ǵʱû롣
Լϣѹں꣬һδεУεأڳһŮι
˵壬ʲô
壿
ڽâڣԼΪмҡҡͷ˵һĺףʲôܹᲢۣ˵Ǻصĺ壬ʲôϢվǰ£
ⷬ˵ļԴҿкΪ
Ҳֱ֤ˣǺصԭ壬⣡
㣬ߵģȻȻǡ
ŻڵĶ諣ŭصԨһλŪȻʲô˵
ԨûԺڣ˸Ѹ˼ţס
ڣλն´ĽâҲ
㣬֪ڽâϣʡ
ΪŵѪʵĿѾ޼ɵչ¶վڽâ֯СڣԿΪȻֵܵâܡ
ɼһߣ
˵ǽĺ棬ֻܷӳɣԶ۷״̬
ΨͻơĻķƲѸٻָ
ǿ״̬ħ֮ᡱκβãԱħ֮ᡱǿᣬӶںΪΪ
ħ䱵Ļǿŵġ
Ԩĵ΢Խָһƽâ̷ɳϵؽ֯Ϊʱ
ûõġ
ҡͷʱЩڷɳʳλŮѪ֫ĵرأڡ
Ȼݣ¶Ƥѱ÷
ľ괺ٿ֦ѿ
һѪ⸴յϢɢݿ
ڱǿǺ׳Ҿһǿˡ̬ݣ΢Ц˵ֵĽʣڲĽޣкľʱ򡣴нܺľҺΣ
ǹС۾ɨһݺˡ
һ׹ߣͨ庮䣬Ƥˡ
ĽڡŻŮŵٴμУԽˣһ类ϣҪʳѪľС
Ψݺ԰׼䣬һѪ
Ѫǰʯ̨Ѫܱţһǿͼڣ޳ﰵʩӵ
֪ʱȻ䣬͸á
пܣӡɷħں򣬶ȡƿȨʱһأ͸
ݺģǶѪķȥӰ
л꣬빵ͨ꣬Ӱû޳
Ͼ˿̵ﱻԨĽâʱš
˿̣ӦѵʱԸ
Цƾ㣿
䣡
ǧ˿Ƶ⣬ʯڲҴܡ

ͼ׵ʯոոֵһǿͼǱߴ͸ǧٿףҲ֮ǰ
ݺھУһƨأѩ׵Ĳɣϸ˺ۡ
ǰ͸ʯ̨ʯ̨ڲȻİп࣬޿κεأΨʹధС
꣬׽ҪΪһ壬ġ
ֻǣʵ̫ǿ꣬Ҳ޷
Ѿͷʲô֮ʯƶɡں˰Ǻص쾫𣬿ǣⲢܸıʯıʡڽâָһԼӨ۾ֻ۾»꾫ǣ
ٺٵХţݺǰǿʯ̨ڲ˺ѷεزҽС
ݺڵѪŶ䣬ʹҲŰ
һʹ࣬ͬܡ
˴Ҳշӳϣĺ꣬һػ
󣡡
װۿߺţǱͨСȥ
дŵĽҴߣʣλ綼΢
ſװڵһλڵҴߣأ׷䶨ѨϣеѪһ齣
Ѩϵ齣غ֮Ҫ΢
ֻ΢Ѩϳ
ݣ
һϸ齣һɫĵ磬һλѸߣ΢ڵĽüĿ쭶
λȿװڴ󣬾ҲϧʮˣûʲôǱˡ
һ齣ɳȻ䣬з׼ơ
УЯ磬Ҳǽر˳Ծ
˳ԾǣǱѨϵϸ齣ʱͻ䣡
ֻΧһƻƲӲӽâӽ֯Ľâɻȥ
һƽâǱϸ齣Ǳɫĵ齣Ǽ䣬ʮܡ
齣˻꣡

ϸ齣ƿâ˲
һ׹ⱬһĻɫâа㣬ѪȥըһֲѪ
ѪڣһֳĽŤţһɫâɱ
һ̻еʹޱ䡣
ʦܣ
Ŀװڣűȴλߣ㵡
ô£һ
ңҲ֪Щнλߣ齣±޽ĽҲ޷ʩչãȻʧҡͷ
ǵâĽ⣬ͬǱ޼䣡Ԩϲ
Ǳ޵Ľǽһλȥˡװڳһ£ٴο˿ԨĽʣȻһ𣬡㽣⽣âеģǽڵȱ



İʮ 㾡ȫ
Ԩƶϳλն´ޣпܳԽڡ
ӡԨ۹ǵĽ꣬ŲçƵϵĽ⣬Ӧն´ĽĴ֮ڡ
ɴûŵأǰͷ­γĽʣڵһƽâһĽ⣬Ӧòȫλն´޲ġ
пܣλն´ްǺʱᵽͬһڵߣĽռ뽣ʡ
ôΪδڻعź󣬽Щ黹ڡ
ҲսߣĽǺӡ
һһûн̺򽣾Ǿ޿ܷӳǿġ
֪ߣ鼼ûӿֻ
һ룬һһ˲꣡
Ʃǰ
ǱߣѨϺϸ齣һƻƲӲӽ֮ɲǼʮ
ŵĴָСţ߼˼شѾܣ
ɫ磬ȥﶼڵ͵˻Х
ǲ̵ֱֻ֣Ѫץȥ磬Ѫ졣
Ԩ
װһͺȣԨע⣬Ԩ˵ǽʣӺζصĽ⣬ΪܹҽڵһΪһ壿Ԩ˽ʡǳҽڣ
༸λڵߣ˻ɫ
ԨѵǽɢĴˣ
ĳλڴޣǬ½ʱ;Ԩڵĵ۹ǳأԨ佣ڵĽ
ĻΪԨɷħܵõɷħϿɣ
ͷ˵
ʵԨֳֽʣֻµͥѨڣһƵľϵעС
ĻͥСأѸš
ǣеѪţûһѪ硣
޵ġۼͻǿ쳣ͷͬûбǣʲôӰ졣
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ҲͣҲ֪װڣЩߣǰѽʣն´޵һС
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âΧһϸ齣Ŀţأֽţȥ

󱳵ģһͼֹģ
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СڲأܺƵ¡¡죬ը㡣
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ֻ֣һ̣·ǣһͼʹǽĺˮƺͣ
ʱգͬĪľŸС
֣أ찴򲻶ϷɴܵģһƵĻɫ⣬Ǳϸ룬һϵ齣
ͼﱳҲ໺죡
ﲱۣȻų졢Өҫ⣬鸽壡
꣡
ѪǱ齣˲䱻ѡ
һؽضֱ̽ԼѪֻ֣סƬƬ飡
˿̵ɫλ֪ģڵߣͻɭȻһЦϰĶҲҷҡ
λߣüѣѨ϶ʱ
Ѫģٶš
ʦܣ
ʦ֣
װںЩڵĲдߣһģȺʧС
λȻ׹أ꣬Ѫ֫壬ɢ˼ܰ㣬ûһϢӲǱ齣ıը飬ܷɶ
֮ޣ˱ֻһϡСµѪͻ꣬һ
רעɱֲеԣ޵һһҲ˶شֱ
޵ߣ޳񣬺ԪߵĽޣÿһǿʡ
λֻ΢δ
⣬ǱһĹʱȻҲ֮
ľ硢Ǻ꣬ܲ˴˽ǵķҲһ䣬ͲеϾˡ

һĿߣɫɭ䣬ǱֱվȻǰ㣬
ǿнùͼǱӵн齣ƺҲ
ըѡ˿ڣҲҪʱ䣬Ѹٵ
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˺ѵ˿ڣǱߣѸٷ֯
̫̬ˣƻָٶȣȾżĴ
ŻڵĶ諣һŵĲдߣӿһ߶Ԩ˵Ҫİ취ӦҪ̫ãָܻҵ·ҶӲ
ҪʲôɷħˣһλŻŮӵ˵
ܱܲ죡ɷֺԹͷһУʱԼԵúʲôæﲻϡ
죡
ҲŮһۣһ˵ͷ࣬ѹô꣬ոյĲоҲˡѪǸɷħҲֵġǣħЩһһӲ
Ůɫɷף۾ڶȻħ֮ᣬôһħǽŶܣÿһҲǺúõİûй
ڣܳ걻شݺͬ˴ˣͽκΡ
λߣ齣༸˶ˡ
æ뽣âûϣҲ֪ô
ŽʵԨָŽâţҲڰż˼ŶԲߡ
ͷöе޼ƿʩʱɷħѪ춯
ħǽأ䱵ĻһδݳԨ㻹ţ֮Ӧ˰ɣɷħҲǿ˰ɣ
㣬Ԩ
̽ѯʣ϶
ô·¡ɷħˣѾ
ʶɷħĻȷķλ˳ϵҵ
һš



İʮ δ֪֮ɷ
׷ӵľƿ
ħĪ⣬ĦǱ״ɽġ٤ħḧİŮӵļж簮

΢СѪ⣬ָɳħĵ
ħʷϺպħûѪ⣬ڲȸԾػš
е߻꺬ߣֻҪΪӽħڵĻ궯
Īָʱħƣ꼻һ֡
Ȼ䣬ë΢
ͫйһųǶʧĹС
꣬ħ
ΪԻ֮Ǳ٤ħڴĪ·Ȼʧħע⡣
ı仯ҲֻǳһСᡣ
Ƭ̺
ĪȻһ𣬷·һھѹͷȻð˺˵ȣмԵı仯
ЩɵƤЦĪ⣬ϱࡣ
ƿת򣬵ͷȥ
϶Բɵ̬ȣʩ
Ϊʲô
϶һšɹ󡱣ڵͷջأǰ׹Ƶķָǰһ֮أϾҪ˰Ī⣬Դ˿̡ɹ󡯼ӾƿƿʲôĻǺаյġ
Ҳ⣬׹ؼʱ̣ĪΪθָʾ
һ飡ͷȥĪǿӲ
̤ɷħǰûһڰ㣬ôϾǿʢ˾ò
ͬħķ࣬˵飬Ҳɫ
ᣬûҪ鷳ɣ϶պ֎[ЩһûһƲ硣ľ߶ǷϴģЩ˲ŻӣԸҪжϴҪǼδػԹ뵽
֪϶յˣڼ½ʱʲôһֶκ
ĵģЩ˲Īͷħӡ
ոն˵ˣǺЩһսһֵˡչЦţ˵Ҳ˵ˣԨ׶ԸԼûաôȻı뷨Ҫͷɱ⣿
Ҿã֦ˡڵĳ뷨
Ī⿴˼һۣǻͷսǣǲս
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Ѫ̳ԨĹ㣬ǺӶĪ

㣬ǰȻǴ
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Īͷ
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һ䱣϶Ҳɣı侧ƿ
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Ƕ𣿡
Ī˵䱣ڳĺܶ˴Ϊϲ׷ѯʡ
Īüͷϵˣ⡣


ݣݣ
ˮУɷšɷֹͣѰ˹
ܹ֣ǹӣɷĽ롣
ײܹʱ˿ɷǹɽע⵽
ԨֽǱʣָǽڣʱɳһâŽâģĿȱ
ŵڵأ޸ش
ʹͷٿˣר־ȹơ
װںͶ諵ˣҪԮ֣ȴֻ֪ܸż
Ծ
ȡעʧȥƿȨݺȻЩͷĹĻ
ۣ
ΪεɷֳһȭͷӡǣײܹĻ
Ļǹ磬עеĹȻһ֡
ֻݺԸ֪ܹģİһȻֹ
ݺ۾Ȼһ
ɷȻɷ
ڵĿװڴ˴ҲΪݺǾ䡰ԾƳ˹Źָ֮һȭͷ͵һءɷ˵ƺǣεɷ飿
ȭͷСƺΪɷ顱ĶײܹܼΣûɢ׳Ρ
ݣݣ
ͬʱбɷȻȻسۣ
̬ϵر仯ţࡣ
Ƭ̼䣬ûɷħĴڣŶɷ֮ͱʯ̰˶
ЩĪɱߣʱɷ޿Ϊɷ飡ֿԣҲǿ
װɫ죬룬˵ֻһֿԣɷ鱾ǽĺףʹţɷħ֪ˣŴӱķλܡɷħк
أأ
ϱŵģ׳ġɷ顱ݺײĹܡ
ǹʱе⣬ʧ
ҲڴģȺšɷ顱ҵĹơ
ݺͻȻéٿǶƿпܾΪ˵ɷ飡ͷӣ֪ɷħĳɷ飬Էشӿ뵽Ԩڰɣ

ħ⣬ǰǺ£ĵĴ󶦣ȻԨǻѪɳ
ɷħ
Ȼɷħ
²ûԨȻɷħ뵽еţ
ۿСǧ򱶣ֻһСɷħqqأɢŹħ⣬ԨؿھƯţ˶
ңٿˣ
³üѪûܹʩӵԼ궼಻Եݺϲؽг
ǲ֪ɷ顱һδεײԼľ
âƣش侪й͵ۣ
һ죬һӨ׵С۾أԨ˵һ⣿Сӣ֪ʲôɷħǶ𣿡
㣬Ҫ
ȫƵעţܵĵȻԨ档
˻һȡȨٴͨݺ˲ס
ʲʲô
âʢŦŵǳʯһ鼤Ϊӯʱݺ֪롣
ȣȵȣ
װڴСУǱһųǡɷ顱ڵݺǧ
ݺæ깵ͨȹùĻΪء
Դˣǡɷ顱״ˣֹ̤ڲ
òףȡĿȨ飬Ȼǰһ
ԨǶܽ𣿡أԨһӷ飬ԶԶϣԼ̣ƺ̫ˡ
Ȼðġɷ顱ӦðԨ͡ɷħһԸ



İʮ ħɷ
Ԩˮû𸴡
ĻΪǡɷ顱ĳ֣ɷħѪŷ֮ѹǷҲȻʼ롣
ǡɷ顱ô£
װںͶ諡ݺǷǱżˣԽָȻ
½ײЩ˵ֻγɷᡰɷ顱
Сɷ顱γɣҲ޷ڶʱڣ׳ǿʢ˵ز
ǣǡɷ顱ʹǽĺףɷħĳᵽ󶦵Ķһ·β
˳ƣڶγɵɷľӿųΪ˿̵̬
Сɷ顱֪ͷǡ
ԼӻͥĽͻƣ澭ĳͨ᲻ʹˡɷ顱йأ
ǡɷ顱͡ɷħûʲôĹϵ
ոաɷħѨƯƺûоԼ񴫻Լû´ּ⣬ð˳
ˣȻġɷ顱Σգ
ͺ䱰йͨϢֻǺͨ٤ħ֪ĪλãħطĪ塣
䱸Ī⣬ǰһѹ
˵ĪִƵġ٤ħܾţԴͷ
䱲û˵һ֪ġɷ顱ȻѰײʩڵһһɢ
񣬡ɷ顱Ӳײݺǿ
ԨȻܵУ֪òһθС
Ƿšɷ顱͡ɷħ£֣֮ģ䣿
Ҳһͷ飬ʱڣûִ硣
ȣ
һ˲նԺԼ侲ȸݺһԸٿȵ֪
⿪ҳȥǴ󶦽ҡ
ŵعЦţԨ֣˶УҴӦ㣬һʲôƿڣһˣµĿ꣬ǿԻҿԣȡΣ
ȸңʲôԨȵ
ûн붦֮ǰ㽫Ǵ󶦸ңûʲô顣һǴ󶦣ӳ죬Ƕڴˣ
Ԩظһ飬ʲô
ֻǵ͵Цٴ𻰡
ڣһĿ⣬ϡ

ġɷ顱ԸΪֲײ
ݺֲˣһǳʯıѣܵţԨͬĸо
ԨͷŵĽâֻʱѲ
صǳʯ۳ܣҲֻǡɷ顱һӡ
ңǡɷ顱Ȼʼǿ
ݣԨҾáɷħĳ֣ʹǿˡװԥһ£˵Ҿ㣬ӦȽɷħ󶦲ʱǡɷ顯Ϣûгǡ
˻һԨ΢𣬾ҪʩΪ
ûüȥײɷħδ֪ɷ顱ͻȻͣ
ݺãȻô£
ˣ
ŻڵĶ諣ָǲϱţûжԣû̬ġɷ顱ˮȻԶȥ
ƿƿֻˣ
ݺһǡɷ顱ȥǣһ֪ͨʲô
ɷ顱šƿȥ
ȤԽԽȤˡŵڽâڣͷٺЦţȻõ
Ԩ͵ؿԶ
תűӨ⣬ڲĪ⣬ա֎[ȼ½콾ľƿȥԼٶȻ
飡
źܶˮġɷ顱ԺˮΪʵ壬ڱ̬ƿȥ
أɷ顱һˮɫ
ʲô
аڵ϶תͫ͵һ
ƿں类ҫ˲Ѥ
ͣ
ɷ顱ˮں¼׵磬źˮܣ˸еϢľѹƿ
ĪȻŵɫһףУɹ󣡡
϶붼룬ʼеġɹ󡱣ƿŰɭɭа⣬ӭͷɷ顱ˮȥ
ƿڣڣܶϢ񣬵ɴۿײ
Ĺâǡɹ󡱺͡ɷ顱ˮǽĺףغȻѿ
ɹһɲǣΪ֧׹ǶìŲΪǴ󣬷˻ǲĹХǡɷ顱Χ
ɷ顱ڲɳĺףһˮɫӰ
֧׹Ƕì˷ңңָ
ˮɫӰġɷ顱ڱţһΪŮԣһΪ̬һǾһ
ħñãħħ꣬ܽ仯
ڵĿװڣšɷ顱ںףı仯ɬ̾Ϣһ˵ɷ飬ħ֮󣬲֪ôγɵġ࣬ɵɷ飬ģħɷ飬Ҳδš
ħ諹ֽС
ȣħ
ʲô
ƿڣħڵĺգۿŲϱŵġɷ顱ͷ⣬Ȼֵܵסɹһźǲ򵥰
Īħ
ħ»һӱˣǽĺ£ôħÿһͷ̤صħӦñ𣿡
Ҳ˰Īʱźˮ
ȷе˵ǿԨ
ǽĺֻɷħĴڣĲģ֮ţձΪصġɷ顯ħܱġɷ顯̫ϡħûɱҽ͡ɷħֿѺˡ
ɷħĳɹҲͬ⿪ƣ˳
Ī͡



İʮ Ĵ
ħΪɷ飬ʵ漣
˵һԨһҲû顣
ǿװڣãӶħټԶھƿĪ⣬˵˵ǣ벻һġ
һλǽĺдľɷħħ
ʱ䣬ǿ󣬾ӿűɷӶɷ顱ѭ¡
ˡɷ顱šɷħĳħѹԺ󣬵һʱ䱼šɷħ
ڽӽɷħʱڲϱǿ
ȻӲɹһ¶ܼ
һˣԨУȻҲתߣעƯǻġɷħ
תɷħ֪ѪڣһƾѪѪ
һѪ⣬˩סɷħ
Ѫţ
ɷħؿڣҡҡλΣüΪأҲ׿ơ
Ǵ󶦣ȻûѭͷѪǣԹѨϡ
ڿУţڡ
ٺ٣
âڵЦ
ʹŵͷһļͳŪ֮ɫСӣ֪ʲô֪ûбħ롮ɷħһѹ
֪Ԩߡ
̵أվ
վʱɫ䣬һ
ΪǰƿģѪյĴ󶴣ѾȬһ̺۶Ʋ
ǿվ޵Ƿ켫ϣչֵ쾡£
ֻ֫壬ݣſĽâǲżȥǺϾأԨ˵ħɷḶ́ȻȻطΪġЩħЩħޣ֪ǲǿУŽɱɷħԡ
ΪģװںȻ
ԨҲ΢΢ɫ
ħޣڼΪħ֮ͳƣħħ֮Ҳͬ䣬ħޣںزɱħħǿǡ⣬Ĩɱħ֤ǿ󡣡
ⶦɷħڵĸ𣬶ˣûǻۣû
޻꣬ȻƷףƺѷӡ
ħһͱΪ˶Ѱһꡣнһͷħնɱڴ˶ԱߣԴ˶ħľԷɷΪɷ飬һǿ󣬾ΪΪµ꣡
ɷ飬ɷħʹϵ
ɷħɷħǿ󣬾Ϊһķʽɷħڣ˶طУ
ɷɱ䣬Ϊ˱䱾ҰԡǽĺףһδεÿζٶˡûʱħҲͶһЩڣ໥ɱɷ顣
ɷħħãʱȻ񡣡
ڣħ֮ˣƵɱ䣬Ƶ뼫ɷħ
ɷħͻᱻħ֮ûΪ̳һ֡
һеˣֱˡ
ԭˡɷ顱ĴڣΪɷħ׼ΪݣפɷħƷ׵ط񼶡
ڣˣҲûʲôˡֲһ䣬Ϊǰľ磬Ŀǰ裬ʸ
Ԩ
ݺɫ԰ף촽΢ؿһˣˡ
ʲôԤС
ˡݺС
ŻںͽڵЩдߣôһ˵Щ㯣׷
˽̼䣬ļȻ˳Ŀ⣬Ǹλ
ɣѪ̳װ̾
ݺɫӲأ˵ͷˣҸоĵ߽ӽ
ڽâڣʯƿУ֪ڽӽܣ
ݺԥţȥԨ
ҲʱƿڵĪ⣬ͬǰѡ٤ħӦѪ̳ٽһʲôʲô֣ˣѪ̳ɷħɷ飬Ҫһòųɣ
Ѫ̳ˣŵĻɢ
һֱҪǽҪѳĻΪ˶Ѫ̳ΪѪƷ
Ѫ̳׺ԨĪ˵֮˶¡
ôãҪִ֮صľƿϣơĻӹһѡ
ƫƫĪҪͷȥԸʲô
ںˣǧѪ̳Ҳˡ
Լ½аħŵһſ˿ɫԹĪɫǸŭԡ
ȥˣǻ½ꡣ
Ī֮£Ҳûʲôɫûסûȥˣ鷳󡣡
ڣǺã϶ʡ
ԨһߣݺˣѯԨ̬ȡ
ҶԲزأˡ
Ԩ˺Ȼǰ۸ӵľ£ٴƽϣѰʲô𰸳·ֱ£ˮڣѪ̳Ҫ

˾֮ʱâŵⷬٴξ
һţ˫ĴһƽâһߺȵСӣҳȥɷħҪˣ
ˣ
ԨȻޱȵʹ죬ָŻΪŵںףûгȥǰ㲻Ѫ̳Ķְɣָоɷħʸںһսɴ˶У
ģֻ˵ҳȥ
б£ѳƴвд潣âľͺˣԨƺ֪أơ



İʮ ǣ
ֱѪ̳ںҪĿ꣬Ǳˣ
оĴεţɱѪ̳һֱҪҵľ
Խȥ룬Խ͸
񺣵׵Ѫ̳ȿ壬ΪѪӴȻħޣ諰㣬һóĹŻߡ
Ѫ̳纣Ѫ
ǽĺףʲôܹѪŨʢ
ɫţ뺣ĵ͵ȼ壬ȣֱө棬±ȹѹһѪԴͷ
Ȼ֪ħ֮ᡱ֪Ѫ̳ͬģѪ̳ͺˮ̳ѵ֪Ĵڣ
ݺ䱵˵Ѫ̳ǲ㡰Ļǳʮͼ֮⣬ڶضʩӵơ
Ѫ̳͡ħ֮ᡱȻҲ֪ġ
ȥϸ룬֮żҪǺ׳ĴβƻƵһͼѸٳҲ֪ˡħ֮ᡱ춯
Ȼǵģǡħ֮ᡱѪ̳ķλҵҵ
˵ˣûĻ֮ǰǽĺףﲢѪ̳Ķ֡
ǣõɷħ߽ϣһս֮
˿̵ġɷħ뿪ԼĵѨϣƯǻЩܿƣȻԼѪϵ
Ǳâţ޷һʱѳòɷħ
״£ħĴѪ̳ȻʱҪĿ꣬˭
пܵľ
ͷһ㣬Ժһ飬Ԩھ֮ʣһ˼·ǲֿ죬ٺٹЦţ˵ȤȤҺȻãǽǾˣ
˵ţЦŲˡ
ֽյĽʣȻңңָҴӽУʱٴμһâ⣬뽣
ڵˣɻ񣬲֪ؿ
һ·˵ݺԣݺվţվ֮ڶᵽݺϵ㡣
˿ңɫ΢׵ݺԼ٣̯ܲ
ǳ˸ҫ㣬һһ
ֱ֣һƬǺſſžǣӦŽµӡС
ԨȻŤͷһЦû°ɣ
ܴһڿѪ£ľҵݺЦ˲ãֵ֮ܲʣĪİֵذһۣûµѪ˸߰˰ˣôû£
µġ
Ԩֳһ֣һ£Լֻ֣ݺһֻ֡
ĳϣƣ˸ݺ΢
һŷģãȻ޴룬ͷΪ֮һҡ
Ŀע£ԨûֽսʣȻֳһ֣ϵģʲô˼
ݺС΢΢죬飬ݺݵصһۣҪǳ⡣
һͻȻסˡ
ĵģԨֻ֣óޱȡ
˿˿ůԨȻ͸Ȼû谭ûиҵأĵƤ⣬ǣȹƣѪ
ůվܣеķ˴֮䲻壬̩ͨ
ٴϸϸ֪;ԨڣоŸ΢С̫Ȧ㣬ͷŹȡ
ŵܣֻȦ
ݺһУȻһ
ԨĬֻǳͷ΢΢һЦ
ɽġҫ֡Уһܸݺˡǣԡҫ֡ƶŵģһ̫ܣע뵽ݺڣȴܹݺˡ
ڣںڡ
أڲͳǵ춨ڵλĸ
Ǻӣ췱貣ǳ£Ҳгҵ̫
º̫ںΨһǺʵЩġ
Ȼ£̫ЩأεĴ˵Ȼǳ
ֻǱȽǳˡ
ڵڣеҹǳ⣬ʵҲܣڰʱ֣Ҳ̫Ĺԡ
ܣԨ֪ġ
ֻΪںأΨһȥɼ¹ԣЧʲ̫ߡԶ磬ǳڣǵǹ⣬һʵڡ
ܹ¹ԣ˵ڵҲ֮֮ܳ
ڵһ»ϣڲڡû̫֮ϣֲԪһЩС
ڣʤһ㷺֮ڣԿɻȡ
һԣȻǿУ
֪ţĻͥСڣһ㱻̫ۺԡҫ֡ķʽݺġ
ݺüչɫãԨ΢΢һЦ˵Ԧȥӽƿ
ݺ
ԨֵδһЩ㱡
ӽƿɡԨָֻ֣һۣݺס̫߬磬ҽâһᡭ
䣬ǵӨâ֯Ϸɴܡ
Ԩ֮ǣ

Ԩ͵ץݺֻ֣
ݺƳʹʱԨǽâڵȻ˻ţҪʱ
ܲ͸磬Һ˼ܹĻãƾնһͨ׶
֯âŵâһ˲ͨڷɴܳȥһӾ͵֮⡣
ͣͣ
ﻯеݣЩ֯Ľâɱš
ԺԨŭХСӣң
ǰѧġ
ǣݺֵԨͷЦݻأֹལâ춯Ѫ̳ѸٽӽǰʱڣӦǳġ
׽ˣ侲Կ̹ĵһһٵ˵
ԨȻʧЦҵš
ֽһݺ֣;ƿӽⷽ򣬹Ѫ̳ѡĿꡣ
ŶŶŶ



İʮ ͳ
â֯ںˮڣײ
ƬƬۼףѸǾ߿ݸɱͻܣҺɫ
һͼĿͷͷϴŭһȻ
վڽâ˿ͷųıܣ춯ء
֪ܻԤеѪ̳ĵҪ֮սȻˡ
ȻڽԶȥ
ڲһ죬һӨ׵˫ųâźˮԨ
Ԩɫž޲ûжη塣
ݺ֣˲еĿѣŮǳŮΪĺгɾһ㡣
Žʣ˵ԺܷɵЦ˵ֻ۾Ϊһֻ۾˳̫һֻ۾·»꾫ǡ٣ٳһӣİ档
ƣġ
ݺĺ΢ע⵽һ뿴ǡ
諺ͿװڣɫŹ֣˼
̫Ԩڵİɽ̶֪ʲô˼
ûˡ
ݺ˦˦ֻԨյ֣Щߵ˵˺ˣˡ
ˣɫһ
ԨЩâס𣿡װڸĴҵİΣλǰʲô
ƺһͷǿվޣ廹ûҵеķưԺصĹƿǿսڣϧڶ£ܺ󣬷ںס
Ԩ΢ЦţɿһӵģݺС֣µؽܣǰжǿһͼžܲ²âס̫á
еˣȻ񲻰Ȼž塣
ⷬ꣬ꡣ
â޷סѪ̳ڽӽħܱġɷ顱治֪ԨôЦ
ݣ
Ǳòġɷ顱ϷȻŹ
ƯԨǻġɷħ͵ضƺҪȥǡɷ顱Ϊһ
һһѪ㣬סɷħ
ɷħ֮£ԨĽڣǱŵľѪҲšɷħܳȥ
վɳ׵ġɷ顱һӯӯӰɷħ
һɭɭĹìѪɵĹìȻ
׺磬˻Х֮ܣ˲ʩɷ顱
ǵӯӯӰں棬׺⴩͸ɹ͸Ҫͷһֹס
бܵġɷ顱ûϵƿڣаڵġɹ󡱴ڡ
ܹѲ
Ȼƿƿ룬½Щаħ콾˲أչ
ˡ
ħķ࣬ȻĪ󣬳һ䡣
ֲϹ
Īⲻ䲻ȵأӦ˷һ䣬ֳš٤ħǾӨƿ⣬üͷԨ
Ԩ뿪󣬱âţԭˮ
֎[պ϶ˣʱ֪âסĿߣĪ˵
Ҳǣ˾ɵصĹ㡣
ԨʷģһƵĽâȻѲ֤Ī˵δʤԨ
Ǳʵʶˣ֪䷲֮ˡ
ʲôˣ
ĪһźˮԨֲ֪Ѫ̳Ҳڿ£ʲô㣿
ʲô㣿Ԩʡ
˿̵ľƿֻмɣ϶ݺʩ£˵Ľ໥
Ҫͨˡ
ںأ½Դ½ͬÿÿʱǰӵأȡů⡣
Թͳʹഫ
񣬲Ǻ֮⣬ڲδﵽ񾳽һСȻðħ֮ᣬɷ飬ڽͳˡ
Ǻͽصģâ֯ĪжƣԼ̬ȣٶȣִĻı֮أԾƿɹϣֱԶĻ
׷һֶڣǾѸԽ
ʱҲ˽â֯Ѿӳˡ
Īʱ˰˼ţÿԼߡ
ֻҪǽâ㹻ģǾͿֽУҪ죡ĪĦš٤ħأĺܿ죬Ҫ̫ãִڴˡ
ݺʣԨأ
Ī⣬飬ԲߡԨƳһۣѪ̳ķ˵ǶøˣĿǣ;ƿһܿĹҪ룬ҽͷӡ
ͷ֎[ȡ
ͷӣѡĿ꣬ѡףǺˡԨʼ磬ѡ˾ƿǵԣҪܶࡣ
⻰˼Ѫ̳ѡ˭һ߾ϣ
Ī̬֪ſڿӣ͵ص˺ˣʲôõ顣
Ʋ̫áԨһٿЦȶ»кա֎[˵˵ͷǴкȻ˵ҾãǲüУﾲ䣬ȽȤ
Īͣ룬ôΪѪִ̳֮һȺ
ôµġԨ̯֣ܹ˵ҾһģҵĲ²ǲʵ
ô죿Ī˵
˶˭ҲˡԨһѪ̳ĿǣʱӣҲδӵõоǣƿĻĻϣ֮Ҳܳûȥ
䱴ˣӦú˵ȥ֮󣬻жֻ
ԨԼжϡ
ƿڣ˶ʶأĪ⡣
Űɡ



İʮһ 
âݺύ֯ڣ˻Х졣
Ե쳣֪꣬Ѫ̳ڶʱִ
ɹѹƵġɷ顱ߣֺǰ׹ǶìײΣûֵ˺󣬾ȻҲʵ
ĪһŰɡͬԨ顣
ǣƿڵ½ߣɫŵأԶѪ̳ķλԴ
ɷħ
Ԩɫɵأϸ۲ƯǻĴ󶦣ͷ΢һƽһƵѪ⣬Ѫŷɳעڴ󶦡
˵֣ǰͼѵġɷħ˿Ҳ
ƺ֪ǡɷ顱֮ĽϣأԵҲżˡ
תɷħѪǣǴŤŤأӲǲ뵤Ѩϡ
ԨţҪͨɷħħٽϵӺ䱿У֪ڡɷħѪ̳ѶϢ
ɡɷħʼղѪԨЩ޼ƿʩ
䱵Ļһħƴ
ԨһȻıԣѪǣĶáۼͻ꾫ɵͷʶȥ
ۼͻһɣһɱʹԨ
Ưǻġɷħͫÿն·еʧʲô

Ҫ군ˣѪ̳ҶҪ
ǿվޣɷħѪ̳˶ĹŹ֮ۼﻹǵĻ·
˰ˣ͵صɡ

ں͹Żڵߣ̾Ϣñ۾
̾ϢҲԹó̫Ԩڵǽⳡ䣬˵Լ˲ã֮·Ͼ
ݺɥΣȾ
ڣֻǽڵĿװڣʯԨáۼͻʱ΢Ӧ
أԨ̣Ȼһֱ֣ǴɷħͷţǴԨϡ
ף
ʩչۼͻԨ΢𣬿ն͵һ
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ʶ΢Ա粻ڰ㡣
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ǲΪԼвɷħصʶ
һ۾أͷڴ󶦣һأСӴصʶ
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ŻһλдߣոնɷħţȻԨѨϣ̲סС
ڱˣҲڡɷħʧ֮󣬷׷׾ѡ
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ܿ죬;ѪСصġɷħ΢ʶڳţѰϵ
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Ԩ͵һԼѪͷΪ֮ɢҡ
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϶ȥƵޣһȺаħУɫȻԵ쳣
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ƫƫûлۣ˽յĽ

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ԨĶһһ߰
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ˡġɷħشħӿصħԹâ飬ѹǧĿֲϢȻ롣
Сǧ򱶵Ĵ󶦣ħԣٴ΢
ԨȻһЦУͼɷħȵأأġ
ɷħڶ̶ʱ䣬ΪСž磬һСɿɰС
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ԨźҲ֪ӽȥĽâ֯Ϊںܶʱھͺȥ˴뽣ܡ
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Ҫħӣߴΰ˴ͥѨϣǻᵮԪ
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ߣڽʱˣпܾζûдܡ
Ϊ׶ΣԪδҲˡ
תħĸı䣬ȻΪۣö˵бȻŴա
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Ī˫ħͫ
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˶ĪԺǴ˿ռĽޣ˲ƵģֱӾڡ٤ħλó֡
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صܣǱ٤ħͷţúе飬Ϊ֮岻
ħֹһǺ֮⣬һźعϵǳ·ƾս٣ѹĿ¸С
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ħħܣŤתΰ׳Ѫ̳ӲǳںףţѲѹơ
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İʮ 
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Ѫǣеųý飬ڡɷħ֮£ǣšħ̥ӵ
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ۿ޵âĻ磬ɫĶҺ˷ӿ룬ڡɷħʧ˲Ķˡ
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ƿԭ϶ҲһӦҲ⿴ɹǰİٰţΪԨĿ꣬Ҫܻȥħ̥ܾãԨҪ
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Īһ㶣ҲʱȻȵҲǣѪ̳ǽУѪ̳ԨҲͬʶļ̳µģӦԨƻˣ
СɷħšɷħԨǡħ̥ھۻ࣬Ϊողƴֹ
֣ԨáɹҪԸšħ̥ڱܣȻģ
ȼŵޣħ壬ħǴ̳䡣
̳Ѫ̳ǡħ̥һġ
ִšɷħСɷħԨֳʣΪѪ̳һв
Ǹв
Ԩй¶ڴݣܿƱѪ̳侲һֹͬܶʱһԨȻ嶤ѣн٣໥ɱʱɡ
Ԩܱ룬ֻܴ£ĺâ
ôѪңը֮ʣܶȡǧİ֮Ǳ
֪û꣬ҪײҪ
ΪǿվޣնԣѪĿ䣬Ǻһһϡ
ħ̥صģܡۻʣܺ˿ѪᲢۡ
Ѫ̳ʬǣຣ׾Ѫ֮
ҲԶԶǿվ޾ǧ꣬ڵѪ
һĴҴܣâƺĹѪѤʺ磬Ұ޾
ǣǧǻƽǱħ̥ʴãǱɹʱһ£屬Ҳѹ˻ʴܣҲ³
ݣݣ
һâ磬ڡɷħʧԨЦݲ
ħ̥ڵĸವۻ࣬ƻĽѪ⣬อѣһݻٵЧ
ȻǵѪӣһֵĺʵȴ̴˵ǻӵܹ
ҪԼеѪţѪҹĥ
µͥеţһǲһǴѪ
ɶ٣ж඼
죬۸ħûУ亱
ңںʱֱ׶˺ƣ޳ա
硰תħ㣬ıͥѨϣʱһãˡ
죬ǿиıеСص˵ҲУҼˣضҴš
ɷħڡɷħڡ֮ɡ
Ѫ죬ɷħڡ֪裬νǵǷ켫
ڼУԡɷħĶ֪꣬׶ΣеŴʱ츣˷ѪСء
ر粻棬ֻǺӵż
ϧǣĴޣ񾳣߾硣
ˣҲѻȡӲ
Ǻ֮⣬Ǻģ˵ӴģҲǿվޣ
׼ȷ˵ǿվڵģѪ
Ѫߣ׶ΣѪСأ
Ԩ˿ԡɷħռģڽĻâ磡
ħ̥صģӻҵ⣬纣Ƶʵʵļֵȴܺǿվ޵Ѫ⣡
⣬



İʮ ޾꣡
޾꣡
Īšħ̥˰Σͻʧͺȡ
ٸ߹һ̣Ҳ¶ɫ
ԨڡɷħڣԸ⣬ԡɷħǣӻͥڣһԾͻƵû˼ʡ
֪ԨˡɷħҲûա
񣬴ԨЩʲô˵޾ꡱĸʱļˡ
ʵģЩڱŽģһâ磡
ǣνġ޾ꡱǿվ޵Ѫ
Ǵ˵У컯֮漣һϣӵġ޾ꡱ
ǺӣһƬƬصǿվޣ˵ڻ֮ʱ絮ĵһǻ
ǿվ޵Դ壬Ⱥص壬ħ֪˶á
췱ǣδһƬƬǺʱǿվ޾ݷɣǺǻۡ
˵ǿվ˺ܶǻı棡
˵Уصν壬ĳһͷǿվޣ̤˷أӣܴ˷ؾγɵģ
ǿվ޵Ĵ˵еǻ壬Ųͬء
ȻκθߵȽ׵壬ħޣ壬ٵ˵ǿվ޲
ҲܣԴ
ʱգʱıǨǿվѽϡٵֻڴ˵С
亱ǺصЩھޣܱԵһ
ѪǻΪε
ĪʶЩâ磬ѪԨЩʲôʱҲʵҪѪ
ޣǳª˶ĵͷȻǿվޣ
ǿվޣôܣ˳ªѪײУôǿվޣ
˵أһʼԨʱľһ㣡
ᱻһͼѹǿվޣô˴
Ҵں׵ģʩ˼һˣšޡ֣ʶߣʲôĴˡ
ǺӴǳ°˶ڡǿվޣ
ߣһͷǿվޣ
ˣǿվʱ֎[ա϶콾ע⵽Ī˵ģ޾ꡱ֡
ꣿ޾ꣿ
Ѫ̵֎[ȻһɺѪȿ
޵ľꡭ
ħڵĺգǣʳζܱ飬ϧ̫ϧˣѾִﵽ΢ҳħڵħܽ޾úá
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Ѫ̳֎[ʲô磬ѪΪüá޾ꡱܻóĺô
֎[õ޾ꡱͻƾ磬񣬽Ӱ񣬶ᳵ·
Ѫ̵·Ҳڡ޾ꡱİ£޵⣡
ڣѪ̵ĵһνԡ޾ꡱһ
޾ʲô
»һãȻۿĪһȣܶ˶ħ˰㣬̲ס棬ںѯԵķࡣ
ʩ˼ͺҲæ
ǿվ޵Ѫж컯֮棡Ǻ֮⣬ǿվ޵Ѫ޾ꡯ̺ܣɫп˵ԨͶͷǿվޣնģҲǾ޾꣡
̺ܣ»ǲ⡣
ֻ˵һ㣬޾ꡯܹߣѪšߵģеСأá޾ꡯĹȣ̥ǵ۱仯һֲֻǾ޾֮һ

»ʩ˼ͺˣˡ޾ꡱ档
Ѫţǡ޾ꡱһãǴöôϡ
ף
ɷħڲԨáɷħŵâ磬Щ޾ꡱ붦УҲ¶ɫ
ǿվ޵ѪѤã磬ҫԾ
һ롰ɷħϸ飬ͷνġ޾ꡱȻҺ̬
ǣǧģ̬״Ľᾧ壡
ڶ׵ģѪһ飬ǳɫӨ꾧壬ɢ㡣
ֻζһڣĿë׷·̩
򡰾޾ꡱʵԨǰҲֻδۼ
Ҳֻ֪޾ꡱܹСءΪ֮·ṳ̂㣬û̫⡣
׵ġ޾ꡱǵһμͬþ档
Ϊõ޾ꡯѪСؽ࣬еġɷħȻܵǷ켫ɷħڣʷЩǴҲδؼң
ԨºģͣסɷħƯƣܵȥռ޾ꡱ

ˣעŽĻâʱһֹõӰٴں׷ſ
ڵһɫոΪӿ
֮ǰǡɹģ̻ӣӺɳɳһһȥ
ʲô
϶ˣΪԨʱħޣȴ
ȴţԨֳ
˭ûϵɹ󡱽롰ħ̥ʱһԹ۵ڡ޾ꡱ֮󣬻Ȼ
˲ǣĿ꣬Ȼǡħ̥Ԩ
Ī⣡



İʮ 
Ī⣡
ڶྪ׷
ԡ٤ħѹѪ̳Ī⣬ǳԨ֮⣬һҪ
ʵߣĪ⣬ƾһħѪ̳ʼ޷ҲԨ롰ħ̥ȡ˳ʱ䡣
ûĪ⣬ԨǰҪ׵أ̤롰ħ̥ܡ
ûĪѹѪ̳Ѫ̳͡ħ̥һҲ鷳
Ҫǣħޣ᲻նɱĪԺѪ̳һأ
ֱ̻ĿֲǶʶ֪

϶žƿںףҡ
֪ʧȥɹ󡱺;ƿԺûս֮
ģҲߺߺȣΪָ
ˡ
ħڵĺգҡͷ̾Ϣɫʹࡣ
ȣ
ޱȵıȣȸ㣬Ӻձ󻺻չ󣬺Ȼ޶ȥ
ڲһϪţ羫ȹǣһպɽͣž޴ıȡ
ȶȻǴ󣬻һƬ溣ϣȼŵ޶ס
žž
ȡγɵĻڣһӿı̻棬쳣ԣյʢ
ǡȡڲ̻һϪӣʵ֭Һҽ̻͸ʧ
С͡żµĺ⣬ӿ롰ȡ
ȼŵޣʱȡסˣɺյ飬һ㲻ɣóޱȡ
ȡѹסޣ豦ȵǱ̻ڣᵽһ⡣
ȣȻˣ
켶һƷֱӵƷ
գ㵹ΪƲӵķᰡ
֎[϶ˣۿޱ׷׾ؽ¡
ǿáȡˣ֪ͻȻףĽ
Ʋˣ֮ǰ𺣣յġȡǳƶ룬ǿܣЩȼյĻ뵽ˡȡڡ
ԪڴеĻ淨鱦ǡܱħû
ջ󣬾ͽȡĲֵԽСƷףֱӵִ켶Ʒ
ƷǧѣҪԵ
ħڵԸΪŵĵ̣áȡǰһ
˺ŵ̵һؼƷ׵Խ࣬ζԽǿ
ģƷ׸ߵҲڵĵӳϣƴУǿΪͼõŵʹ͡
ǿʱõܴս
ܶʱɼУ˶ҪҪ
ˣսҷﲻᡣ
Ʒ׵Ҳãǧµٵ
ֻɱ֮󣬽ռΪУвͨķʽۡ
۵ЩջԭɣǷ뱦⣬ϴۻ֮ٴиˡ
ԣһشУ
һλܴͬһˣͷš
Ʃ磬ͬǳԳħڣͬ켶ġһꪡǰ֮󣬽һꪡԯ
ҫԯΪе͡һꪡӦ
ԯֻҪһףִ񡢻ξԺ󣬾ܽһꪡͷš
κһ켶ᱻڼᣬֻᴫǱˡ
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켶Ʒ׵õ̸Լ棬Ȼصħڣɶ
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෴϶Ƿӣ飬ƿ˴ɹԨ֡
ɱĽĺգԼȴĺԨζ
ʲô
ڡ٤ħϷ޹ʱĪ⣬ɫһ䣬գ˵ʲôǾĺԨζ
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ħޣ΢ôĺԨļ֮
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˵
걻ǽѪ̳մȾĺԨĻ档ôĥһ£˵ԶƯϷ̳ҲûڶʱڣɵĺԨеı𡣡
ħȻžĺԨصģֱ̻棬˵
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յͷϳܲˡ
˷׷ױɫ
ڡħ̥ڣԡɷħԡɷħռš޾ꡱԨǵĶԻҲ˼
һĻ棬ȻԺ֡
·𿴵ǱںصĸħǺ֮룬϶ɵúˣѪ̳ĺܳǽѱ䣬ԸӰϢĵ˹
ħѪ̳һƿصǿսڣֱ⡣
кܶںĬĬܶǱħͷԭħã뿪
Ѫ̳ԶǺӵһҴ뿪ϣ
ȻԼһں¶ټʼǿսڣͻפ⣬ش޵Ĩɱ
Ѫ̳һħ̥ۻʣܹػߣ޼ƿʩ
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пܣںڲֲ裬ɽܲˣܹӦĴܹ俪ͨ
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Ǳǧħͷ½½أѾڸ;ˡ
ҡҡͷԨϣˡ
ҲƲ̫áոߺһԽĪ⣬Ԩϣ취ɣ֣



İʮ ʮͼ
Ԩͷ֮ʱĵ׺⡣
Īľ²纮̶ڡ
ۼ޾ꡱԣţĴ
֪ʲô÷ˣŻļ£˵Ĳ
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Ŀ⣬ɨ
͵پۻ
ٻǹᴩ׵ġɹ󡱣β
ļ˷âβİ׹ǣ·𳹵Ѫǡ
ݸɱţѣ͸һâ磬ͻȻĴҴܣڽʱ߰㣬طڡ
۾ţ˻һӵ֪ʱ
ߣ
ͻȻ쳹Ԩĺ꺣꼤
һɼΣյĸоǶŵڴԨֻԱߣΣء
Ҷ룬ʱֹͣɷħķתٳԳ롰޾ꡱǼԦšɷħȥ
ǣ꣡
򰾹Ĵ죬Ѫ
һ׹ɭɭġɹ󡱣һֻɰͰ͵֣Կγ
ۣһֻ죬һֻӨ׵Ĺͫâ硣
͵һЦЦ˷ܣЦݲѪѹҵģ춼󡯣ʮͼڣǽʴݻһʱ춼汻ơ
̧ͷⲻһԨЦ¡
֮ʣµģұʮͼʱһһΪҵıΪá
ϧϧݻһͼʣµʮ֡춼󡣡
ʮʮȻͲһɾǲܳ󡣡
ٺ٣Сӣҵ治ȱʲôʲôͽģԴƵġɹ󡯣ƫƫܱٴ֮󣬳Ϊʮͼ
춼ܹƿУڴˡ
Ц
һһʮͼݵıɳ
ʮʯһһڡħ̥ڲŲС
ʮ룬ƿ֮£ǽĺס
γĵġɹ󡱣ѤõĻâ磬ǧġ޾ꡱϴӴá
׹Ƿ׳󣬱Ѫ⾫ԿŹģʹ˻ʮͼ

ʮͼſЦзһ˺ס
̼䣬䣬ﻻƣգ
һֳҴգһ£ͬڡħ̥ڲس֡

ԨȻʧɫյ£ͻȻɵۡ
֪ڲʲôգ
յ£֮󣬳յֻ۾

ħ̥ϿգѹġĻظĴ죬ǱȻſҪܲסǹҪѿ㡣
ңҵ죡»죬쿴ʲô
һĿ⣬ʱڡħ̥ͼɫӰһ޴Ӱ״̬չӣС
ħ̥أ͡Ļ֮أз罣ˡĻ棡
һŽƥܶĻ
ͺ£ʼղͻƣ켶ﶼ޼ƿʩġĻʱ籡ֽ
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ռġħ̥ȻΣȻѽڲ
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һֱԨĹ㣡㣬ϵģ
гħڵ꣬ľأڡħ̥ڲһ󣬳ſˡĻЪ˹ؼС
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ħϵĪ⣬һ䣬ҲѪɫĻң𾪵ģʱ֪һôˡ
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Ԩ໺ӡħ̥ڲȻ𣬡ｫ춼սǣ־ɴ˿ǽѪ̳ΪĿ꣡ⳡޱ䣬ֻҪУ
ˣǱڡħ̥ûѣֻܷѡ
Ī룬ŭɵĺ£
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ŶŶŶ
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ӿȼŵޣʱҲ˲ǱѪ̳
ûĪѹں׿ӶѪ̳ٴƯ
Ѫ̳򡰻ħ̥ȥ;Уȼű̻ޣٿȻѪ̳Ϸ

һƬǽġĻ޴ޱȵһֻӴ㶥ţ˺ıΡ
ϡ
ȻɫĻ¡Сɽһ͹
ӨӨĻ˸Ĵţʹ˱
𪣬·գֻǧĺ˷εɫĹ⣬ƬƬر顣
һˮɫ顣
ըѵɫƬǸ߸¡֮ȥ·ҪȫӺڳ
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𪻹ûзӦһͷˮأǴλ
һͷǿվޡ
ԶĻѣӿݺڽʧ֮Ҳ𪣬
ǿվޣ𪺧Ȼʧɫ


İʮ ͽ
Ļ飬ˮڣ
ҹգȻҫ
·ǰǽ񷣬ĻʸڱΡ
ĺзӿĻʽ˺񷣬ⷽѪ̳ڱεСأݡ
ڿյڲ󷨺ǣܣ˲
𪺧Ȼ֮ӰȻɢٴ¶ʱ֮ϣվݺǰףô£
ݺɫףɫƣȻһЦ̣µһѾ
װںͶ諵ˣؼպ󱾸ϲãɴֺµţǽ췭ظʱ

ǧ֮⣬֪ӺζƺƵߣֱ庣ס
ܼһ߲㱦
ɭɭ̾һͷͷǿ飬ֱڲͬ㡣
߲㣬ֶһλӣۿյƸûѪǼܡ
ӷ·ǧ֮ʹű뾳㣬ź׶ȥ
ԶֻһۣʧУ־֮أĹ
һգһϼƯ
ϼһþ޴һʢ
һʢ£һžζжŮӡ
Ůᣬ̬ãֻרע飬ӾңԶƲݡ
ϼƮţ;ɫ̳ʱ˵ĶŮӣ̧ͷһ̳ͷ
һ̳ϼ
ʢĶһȻþӨ貣ͷʯĹ
ŮһЦժһһϸϸ׽ɫ䡣

ŮӣԦϼǿþ޴һ͵س󺣡
ŵĹ鼮ӳɽש
һööӲӵ֣类âĿŲУ˴
κһˡ
ɬɫҪѿжѿ
һֻ׺ףƮȻ
׺ϣһλѰ׷ӣܱŨǳڵУƲ֪˼伸Ρ
𪣬ϵôѵİ׷ӣɴ׺ʱɫȴ
ԶӦĿעӣֻ׺ףһۡ
׺۾һƬš
𪿴˫ۣ翴ķضѣĿݹʬ
ɲǼ䣬ѪȴȻ֪
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ݺɫݣֺȻѪ
ܺľҲݺ۾ľ̫ͣҲԿǧ֮쾰
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´ɱֻףͻѻУȻˣһšҲѹˡ
૵Ȼأ顣
Ĺһˣ׺ףдӣôɵأͬʱǽƫƫʱ
˭ٻǣǵ
ݺװںͶЩˣԴ½ߣѹ֪½Ŷ
кܶħеͷۡ
־֮صλĹκһˣ࣬쾳һСغһԼưԣԼ
ֻ׺ףΪֻǬ½ɱ̫󣬶ҡ˷˸۹Ůشɱ
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ڣģأǽϷ¶档
һˣϴѣ
ԺһƬجֻ飬˵ĹŹ֣ô˼֪ǽ򵽵ڷʲô

šȡĺգȻƿ棬һð˳
Űһۿ𪣬֡
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Ԧš٤ħĪ⣬ۿȼű̻Ѫ̳򡰻ħ̥
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Զĺ棬ƺƵһ߲㱦ƺ֮ˮ㣬Ѫ̳͡ħ̥ķ׹䡣
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ԨȻã֪Ϣٵġ
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ϧһţʼǱǵԼԹ
գɷħûˡɷ顱ڶڡ
Ƕ˵ˡɷ顱ǳأҲ쳣ǿֻɷ顱Ḷ́Ҳ棬׳
ΨһõĵطΪ̫רɷ顱ʱû취ټԨߣ޷Ԩʱʱ
ңԨԵʱҲܻɷħ
ֻԴ˶ǣԡɷħС
Ⱥ꾪죬ǴȥȺȥҩڣҩ
ԨЦ㲻ùô࣬жơ
ѹҲָ򣬲š갵˼ǣȥȺҪҴŰҪרǶû㣬Ⱥ⣬һҪ졣
Ҫ·дġԨ͡
ʱУʡ
ܿˣٵȵȡ
Ŷ
ʱˮ
Ԩɳ̲ɹ˼պٴαо޴ٽ
ɢԨȻɳ̲һԾЦ˵ҵȵĴˣҲҪӦңҵѨڣȥɷ顣ʱڣҲٺ㣬ҲҪɷħ
Űɣѡ
һʱһߣһںлɽľ޴ӽ
޴֮ϣһ˳Ʈݣ졣
ϣããһ߲ʽݣһһ׵أãã
߲ʽݣҪͨҪϡ
̻ͨģ
Ӫڼ½ϲ۽ĺ磬鲼½̻ͨᣬ˺Ϊһ
̻ͨᣬԴ½ڣߴڣħǬ½ĸ۹Żٵ
˵̻ͨͨ½ɺ͵۹塣
еǿɣ̻ͨӣ̻ͨ᳹׽
ڼ½Դ½һδսУ̻ͨҲԶ߲ġ
Ԩ׼ʱ䣬֪̻ͨĴһ򾭹ῪȺڴ˵Ⱥˡ
ιιιι
ɳֹ̲һ۵ԨִС
֪̻ͨľ޴ϷȻߣ֮ǰע⵽
ʣȺľ޴ͣ¡
ϵˣмܣĺһ¡
Ȼϡ
һٻӰǾ޴ХɳƼ㣬ת˲֮併ڵ죬վǰӵĿ⣬俴СӣӺζδȥôֻʣһ
һ⣬һٻɫϵĸʳ
ҽ棬ħµ۹Ҽ峤ҪһͬȥȺ;УϮ峤ƴҺˣзɢˡԨ׼õ˵ǣͷ̾ĳˣЩϵҲˡ
棬ħµ۹
ޣһöƽۡĸˣֹ˼䣬·ʲô˵ͷ˵Щһϲʹˮʧȥɳߣֹݡ
Ԩݿɬ̻ͨĹأǶġ
˵ţӽڣȡһʯţݸǸˣȥȺĴʡ
һʮʯԼӦòˡ
ձµ۹Ҳǻ塣ϵӵܣҲӵн㵨ӲСһЩʯڣҿ̻ͨᣬ˱ĲߣѾˡ
Ԩ˵ͷʵ˵ҲΪ̻ͨģŸ¶
СӴ˲ɸ߿һۣµ۹𣬲Ӱ̻̻ͨĿڱ½֪ʯǾͻᰲȫ㵽Ⱥ
ȺܻܲȥǾͲˡ
ԨС׵ġ
߰ɡ



İٰʮ ̻ͨ
̻ͨġδɣʮɣɫ
ÿһҡδΪ̻ͨ죬רʣڸεԴ½½Ǭ½֮䡣
δĴڲ˸ϣ籦ʯ־ҩݣȱ󷨡
ϣַΪ㡣
ÿһ㣬һᣬϢ
ײ㣬оʮᣬ̻ͨĳԱסÿҪһʯ
ڶ㣬ʮᣬפĻոʯҪʮ顣
˵㣬ֻʣʮ䣬פĻոʯﵽٿ顣
Ĳ㣬ʮᣬҪڣոʯǧ顣
һģÿһʯʮݼӡ
㣬һᣬֻ̻ͨڲԱˡ
ˣոʯҲפ
ײᣬװҲΪ򵥴ªһһռСҲ˯ľǽС˴̸֮˴Ӱ졣
ڶ㿪ʼһΣ䲻ڲ񣬴ӦоС
ᣬԿžۼУֻҪʯһᣬͳһصңڲ棬С
˵Ĳ㣬ỹаĵУʹ߶ʱ궼ܳ
ڲ⿪ŵĵ㣬Ų֪̻ͨҲ
Ԩɰʮʯнصĸˣˡδһװ壬Ϳܶ
δһ㣬ӵײ㿪ʼÿһפҪӦʯ
Ψװ壬ֻҪ˴ʣѰŵأҲܴš
Щߵײ㣬Ϊᣬ᲻øʯᣬɢڼװ塣
ԨɨһۣͿʮĿ⣬
Щ˵ľ磬̫龳ͻͥܶ䲻Сṳ̂ϣ
Ǭ½ͼ½֮䣬ҲɢɢߣЩ಻
ԨֻһۣƤڣ֪紵ɹʮа˾ǵϵߡ
мˣϣȻŽɫ
ͼֵƣߣζҪôãҪô츳ѣͱڴɸˡ
Ȼһλ;ǴᣬҲߵСӣŽȻЩ˵ע⡣
ԨȻһЦ
Ҳע⵽мĿ⣬ǲ⡣
֨ѽ
һ㣬͵ڶĴЩ˿
һ죬Ŀ⣬ҲͶ
һˣͼװϵȣҲ߲˶٣Ͼֻոһʯѣǳġ
ڶ㣬ɾͲһˣƿĴڣԾտ
еִ΢ߡ

ζأ͵һЦһֻķ򰡣ҲҺãǡδ̻ͨᡣ٣ٺ٣
񶾵к⣬ڵڶ㼸򿪵Ĵڣһš
ȻЩ֡һصغ
ˣƺЩŭŭԼ̻ͨġδڱĵطԨôһͷ
ǱŸпѪȣ֪ĺ޷ʬ
СߣںˮûױϣĪˡ
ڣҡδ̻ͨģд򣬲ȻҲпܱ׼֮ϣ¾ϴ١
Ԩ͵һЦ򡭡
Щ𽥹رˣŵùܣҲֻܹˣ̻ͨġδϣҽǼӣҲҺ
ͣһ£˵Ȼ֪أѡɣ۸Ӧ֪ġһ㣬ڶпõķ䡣Ĳ㣬һʮ䣬ȫˣʱ޷š
ǿԨŽλħµ۹ˣͷӦΪ£ܳнһˣ̫ʺ㣬ռ̫С
Ԩ΢΢һЦҪʱ΢Ĳ㡣
ڵĲ㣬֪ʱ򿪵һڣȻðͷһֺԱ⡣
һööɫͭǮЦеؿС۾͸ϲ
Ԩһ£㴹ͷĵɡ
ʶؾ
ʶ˵ҡҡͷԨ˵˵ģܺϣֱܷ
ţҲʶҲ⣬ҪʶҲôһˡˣû
ڶɡԨЩ۵أʼӽȡʯס¡
һʮʯݸ˽غǰ·Ԩǰδĵڶ㣬ѡפ
һֻʮĵĲ㣬ոʯҪһǧ
˿̣һװλľǽǶ鱦ʯķ䣬̴ơ
ֺͭǮغϴɫ졣
ãԲԣλ̬ӯòŮӣŵѣذ¶
ԲϣƣӨˮĸ㣬ӦоС
¶ۼλŮӣһ˫̥һһԸУȻΪ
ͭǮתͬʱӭһһҵزͭǮĸ첲´̨
һ˾ƱһšһӨˮЦӯӯĵطš
ͭǮ׽ſй⣬ʸ߽űڵĸƣһȻǽȥǵڶ㣬ϴλ䡣ǵһˣܹһҹұ֤˫˫˳΢
ŮһƲţϻȻڱ
ǽͭǮã׼ǧϣֻͭǮҡ
ħͷֻǺȾƳʳ̸˵أơ
ħϣռռˣɾǲ񣬲ŵԣýż
ǿ͸ħ˼֪ЩʲôôɺţҪˣû뵽·תͭǮȻôһֵ
κ欵Ľ㣬ȷӦ˷ܵǰԵ棿
ž
ͭǮصأβһ£ЦӵҲҪɣ
ҲңķɧĽ㣬һŷΣһߴͭǮһǽãͬأ
ÿһ鼶ƷҿԱ֤ʺǵģǺŪ֣ͭǮõգüЦ˵ҲСӣϲġ
Ĳ㣬ʮᣬÿ䶼иͻУı
ľ磬̻ͨĹأҲͻ

ǿɬãҲͭǮⷬ£
ʱ䣬³֮󣬾ǰҡͭǮӻ֣ע㣬̻֪ͨǵġ
Ŷ
Ů˷ܵȥ
һߣͭǮϵЦݣ˲ʧĸɸɾ
̵أЩƺ̣࣬ͭǮüͷʼûŵأԨദʱһĻĻ档
̶£ӻֱ̬ͥǣʯ򰾵ļʵ˳ԾǣһϢ΢仯Ҷе㿴͸ˡ
Ϊλڴˣǹһˣ
ǽǱߣ췭ظľ䣬᲻еϵ



İٰʮ 
ªǸɸɾ
ڴľǽԨϢڹ
綦ԣɷħѪСأ쳣
ΨжáɷħĸֲŻкԴݿļƣƻѪǡ
ǲУһ߶ڲأһ߰˼
뿪ǽں֪֮Ƿغʲô
֪ṳ̂ھûնɱûмԦѪ̳ǰĹһˣа׺ףˣɹƿصĽڣִǺӡ
ԣ̻ͨϢͨǽѯʣ֪һ
ֻǣ̻ͨϢ޳ġѯǽ򣬻пýɣʹ˴
ڶ㣬˼ʱоһξšδ
Ǿƴӵ䣬ÿһᡣ
·ÿһʶͻݳܴ̻ͨ׽
ʶͻ뿪ԼᣬͲᴥ
̻ͨ˲ã˼ܡڡδߣǾĴڣ໥ôֹܹ΢񾳵ߣʶͻĴεˡ
Ԩͷ֪̻ͨİţЧ鷳
Ȼ񾳵ǿߣ֪أ΢ߣնɱڵڶ͵һᡣ
ͭǮȻҲǰȺĴϡ
΢΢üͭǮľΪġ¥Լġ¥ǰȺڡδ̹
ǡ
һһ˵˵Ҳкܶླǿߣ֮Ըʯ̻ͨġδʵǿ̻ͨơ
κγ˴ߣᱻ̻ͨӻںڣõĳҵϮɱ
ͭǮ¥ںϣߵȽ׵壬ħħڡѪ̵Ĵޣпܻᱻɱ
ϾͭǮûɳһɢޡ
ߣһЩޣֻҪΪɱͲ
һЩʯ̻ͨġδЧر鷳
ɱͭǮˣ಻ʤǸ̻ͨģȴ֮١
ڡδϣǰȫģУõнʱ߶ϡ
ȵȺˡδҪСһˡ
֮ǰΪȺڶĵ֮УһССĵ죬ǰΪԼ׼ĺ֡
죬һҩңҩӦоС
תǰ˺ܶ׼ȺеǸ֮һ
ȵȺСط̤УƳĵ裬޾ꡱֲأѪСء
ˣˣ
ߵ䲻
˼еԨ͵رѣȻĵͭǮɣ
δֻϵͭǮһˣڽصĴפʮа˾ţͭǮ
δڣصɱͻҲû룬Ӵͽŵľų˭
⣬վһλɽü۵Ļͷ
ͷӣһαļЦ˵СϵܣӺζҪȥȺҽзӣɶϢǬ½ĸֻ𱬴£½ڶܱߺ嶯Ҷһ
ߣԨ
ԳƷӵߣĿɫСϵܣҲŹе
Ϣġߡ֮䣬Լ淽ʽ
ڶġߡ˴˽ѶϢ໥ӡ֤ȷٺҪ˶Ϣȡʯ
ࡰߡԱݣһڵߡˣ̫ࡣ
ǰ
ԨЦЦӣʾͷȻ˵ߵ۾ǿˣ
棬Գħµ۹˵ˣ;Ϯ˷ɢ֮󣬵ԨѱʯǽϢϣ϶׬
֪ǽǱߵϢԨżɽ
죬ǽ򣿡
Ԩͷ
ǽǬ½ͼ½֮򣬸ķһߡȺ½ϲܾãǰȥȺӦúǽĺԶӵ
ԨͣӺٺһЦĪ֣Īְϰˣӡ֤ϢαǸǸ
̼䣬Ͷ϶ոҽϢȫԨĺ
ǰԳƽС桱󵼽˵ϵСӣӦû˵һʵ
ȻҲ٣ֻ̻ͨʯܶԷͷ
֪ǽϢԨꡣ
ϢУǷߣҲʱûӡ֤١̹Ȼ棬һٿʯԸԸԨĽ
ԨԹԷʯ
ЦɣԼĽħغ䱣ħͷһѪ̳ڶߣдǵĳϼػѻԦһݹǹ룬ǽͻƵھѪ̳һ⡣
Ԩ͵ضݡ
䱾ȻɹˣĸѪ̳뵽Ǻӣ
ôࣿԨ
Ϣٳɷ̫࣬˵ҲδţˡЦ
˵Ԩߴ١
аɣЩϢ棬ˣ⡣̵һż˵ǽĺѹһͷǿվޣͷǿվҲѳǺйһս
˵ܳ⣬ΪǺӣǿ
פغصԪޣǡħϮϾȥǳѪ̳Ǻ䱳ɹƽߡ
˵ħڵЩޣڱ˻֪ȾѾˡ
˵
߶߶أ˵һǽϢ඼ǲ׽ӰѶϢ
ˣˣ
ߵ
Ԩü΢ʾӴססδҪѯϢ㣿
㣬ھż䡣ӺʶȤѯʣȥԨźһ㶣תԨһЦСϵܣ޸ǳ
գȥ



İٰʮ ˫
ԨȻ֮ʣһ˫ṳ̂ᡣ
ңȻΪ֮һ
ģСϵܣб⣬ǵҡ
ӹЦţһԽû󣬾Ȼ棬ţҡͷԵر߱˵Ľѽ
еһȴδզصᣬȻĽûƺȻ
ģʯƷһģһò
Ůòһ£Ҳֻ۾͸ζһֱܷ档
һŮ󵨣õɫȹۣڿĺܵͣ¶Ƭѩأ֮󣬾ЦأͷβشԨ
Ǽƣ󴳵Ŀˣˡ
һŮǽߣɫȹװۿˡ
Ԩ΢΢ۣż˵ЦݣҲźȻðһԽû
ŮΪĸоУѪʢ򰾵ģӦòڡ
ϵƷŵʯžӨҫҫŹâ
ʵڲûơ
ֻǷŮӣװεС⣬Ǽֵǣõ
λ£
κԨ˳ǣһʡ
ڡδĻͻŮϡɣȻΪɣһ㲻Ļʲô⡣
һöܿ
ֹţֻͭǮӦǺȻ˶ȤζԲ˰ţɲΪͭǮħͷʶԨ־΢û̫ʦűļһҽ
ָָʼղҺԨӣӵŮӣ˵ģϵʯõĲˣֲװϣЩĵ۾һ㣬Ͳǻˣܲǽպһӣ
ȵȺǽ֧һʯ㿴Σ
ɬã̧ͷڴ
Ԩ˫ֱ磬վڴԱߣɫ졣
δһᣬֹפڲפˣɵʯ̶κα仯
ֻǣصߣ˳ͬһɼ壬Ըͬһҡ
ͬһţͬһߣҲϲڸʱࡣ
˫޵ĵ¡
ԳĽǣòڣȷȺһ㣬пܸ߰ʯ
ֻǣŮȻѰҪͬһңеѰζˡ
·Ͼ£һãȻһЦȻӦңԱ㡣ȵȺʯˣǰһСæС
ʲôæܽǽþ΢ɱɱ飬ɲС
ľСæԨ΢Ц
ǲӦܲʯ֣ȷϡ
Ԩͷԡ
Ǿͺá
һת˩ϣĸؿڣһҵ˵Ҿ˵λܵһǺˡиŵĵضǼװպˡ
ǳǳһЦԼѰһ䣬Ƥȡһɾţһͷ
޴ڵϡȻӿۡ
Ĭأ͵شУûĻ
ԨҸϴʱûڼװϿǽãǣӺδģ
ˣһɨسˡһɬʱһˣûӦǡڴڣ㱻Ǵѡ˵ڶ㣬ˬʯ
ŶԨٶʣ˵ͷǽ⡣
գأǰûʱһпľǽУ˼ţӸ˵Ƿ
ߡģǽϢ඼ٵġ
ǣ䱳ɹͻƵھҼԦź϶ΪһѪ̳ɹƿصĽڣ뵽ǺӣĴϡ
ڣħ۷ǿء
Ūô󶯾ǽϵɹｫǿվ޵֣ⶼɹӳȥˣ
ھԪ񾳴ޣѵֻǿţ
Ϻ䱣ӦϡѵڣԶԣʩչڵĴСںؾڣǺӣҸȼѸ׳󡣡
ڵˣܰȻ뿪
˵֮һǺʱڵǿߣڹƻͶϡڵָ£ǽħأͼıѪ̳
Ĺһˣǰ׺ףˣûйϵ
˵Ǻӣú䱳ɹأʹںħ޼ƿʩ
ôڰصĻܵʵѼΪ

һͷɺ磬ԨԺȥȥ
ĵĵܵܣʲôӺζ룬СС̨⣬һ̲סѯʣҲȥȺɣûϤˣȥ
Ԩ˼ңЩãҴħµ۹ҽ档仰һû̸õ˼ʶȤҪʸûûˡ
ħµ۹ɫ΢ô㣬᲻ʶ󸽫
Ԩ۾΢ף
ɣҵˣͻȻȤԵúܼҵĶ˰
һָãϲأ
ڽ侲ŵΪ˵Ľ̸ۣһ˫·˵۾˸кΣ˵˵ҿɸʲ𡣡
ǰǲСϻӴˣʱͬգңҵ䣬ħµ۹ˣҲǻ壬ʲôʲģУһҲһȺ
ȵȺ˵ܼأ
һ̾Ǳݣ䲻˼ҵġ
ԨȻĵôɣ



İٰʮ 
ڰ³ǻƼң󸡢Ժ󣬾;ֱȥ˳
飬ûᡣ
֮˵󸡢ˣĳ³ǣӴ˲֪١
µ۹Ϊħµ۹ϼȡңΪ۹Ļ壬ҾͿʼϴ
ҵĺģⳡ֮£Զ֮١
û뵽ˣҲôɵģͬȥȺ
ңõ˼ʱӦȺһƬصš
󸣬ĶˣĽ
Ԩ򦣬ζ˼ԽõǷж棬жǼ١
һ㣬ȷϡʶֻ
ҵȷңأǲֻͬݼҵϵӵܡԨ̾ħµ۹ֻҪģᱻǣǱΣ˭뱳磬ȥյȺ
ϵ
̲΢ٿԨʱɫ֮䣬һЩӣҹǲƴأϵӵܵ㣬ССᶼ
£ôһֵǮҵԨЦ͵ҲڳϮʱ˽ĽҡЩˣǼᣬӾ粻ߣûע⵽ҡ
ͷڻǷĶǵľȻˡ
Ȼʲôħͷǹǽãĵװǰ忡꣬ԹţҪҪħͷ˵طǰꣿ
ԨвСͷΪѰ΢ͻƣǲԼӣȡ̹̹ǰ
̫࣬ǽð㣬ûǿɽŮޣмݣʸһôӶӵ˲ǰ̡
ͭǮоһúïʢܹǽóĴ
繻ߣĺҼҵӺʵ
ܵͭǮĻʣҲһޡ
ƫƫͭǮβȤȱȱѹȷıֻ֤ǽǲ·;˵Ķ
Ԩǰ˼ҪԨаڡ֮ӵܣǱʦںǽѾԾӣҲʧΪһ·
ֻħµ۹̨ģҵϵӵܣһöĻ
ѱҪȥȺܻǰ棬ҲֻڵΪŲرڡ
ϵݣȵȺͬʲôɻ
뷨ԺȻԨ£Ǻܴˡ
ôϵλλһĴ棿ԨȤѯʣ֪һ㣬ľ
żҲû̫̬ȴ䣬ϲȻЦݣԵϢһп˵ɡ
ͻȻ䣬õĮԶ
Ԩһݸ΢䡣
һҡδǡãʱȻڣ˵ȥȺġδֹһңһЩĵ;ͣġһҡδڵͣһӣǳһȥȺˡ
ǽ󸡢ʶϸڣͬû˵
Ԩ˵ͷҲûʲô̸Ȥˣǽ̬ȱ仯ϸ֮󣬴Ҳˡ
ЦһҲΪ⣬ɢؿľǽԹԵ顣
֮գãల£С
ԡɷħصıҡ֮һƻˢѪǵḶ́˺ѷεʹࡣ
ˣʱð亹죬żڴ΢΢
ʼʱ֣һӣֻԨȾزֻ缲
ɷħľǿ͸Ū׵ġ
ǻ࣬ãʱ¶ɻ֮ɫ·ԨеķǲʲôŹ֣
Ԩǽãǲȡȫ̬ȣǵľͷѰ
ŮȻҲԨʶǳʵǺ͵Ѩϣչܶࡣ
ܽӦûǽֶΣǿ̿жˮɡ
ûĻǵ֮·Ҳֹˡ
ٽһ΢ǽԼӦû̫ϣ
ʣòһҲԨۣҲùע

ڵڶᣬеԨҲо¶Ѹ֮ƣѸٵ
Ȼ
ԨױѣüͷƿĴڣ뿴ʲô
һӿȼյľ޴ڲˣٿȻ
ڣħڵĶ۷ҫɫŭ
ͬڻڣȻһˣԨϤĲϤˡ
޺ȹޱ欵ġҺϣǲȻЦݣͻƵ񾳵ϲãüôڲˡ
ҫˣ
δĵ㣬һȻѱã뷽ҫ˾ܷģǶȻԯȻȺ
ħµ۹³ǵԯ
ڷҫİ£ɹ׵ˣ
ҫԻδ̻ͨйͨˣ൱ӣ
ܹҫߣԲСӣ
λԯԽ꣬Ϊħڣºܶ๦ͣħǱߣΪصࡣ
һ㡢ĺܶരڣĽ
һĿ⣬űҫԻͶӻ뿪Ƿ֫ԣһŮӡ
뿪ħµ۹̻ͨġδλڵĳˣô˴ѡ
ͷˡ
ȼյĻڣҫԹǻ
ǽľޱ䣬鲻̫õķҫԻԯ䣬ƮȻԶȥ
ԯʱ͹ţЦĵ˵ҺδĲʮᣬһΪԯʱ
л
ĳĿУԯǺЦõأشţǵĲȥ
һ㣬㣬㣬ģᣬƿ
ͷشأܶĿаòö࿴
ȻҲûע⵽ԨҲС



İٰʮ ÿ
Ѿˡ
ľǽעԯҫʹǽһ·С̺ţĲ㣬ԨۺЦ⡣
²δϵλ㣬ڷҫĻ£ɹɱ
ǽʱҫ뿪ӦҲΪ
ħµ۹ħħΰѳ֡
½׵أƿǬ½һ۹ʷϣҲΪ顣
³Ǻûŵڣԯ˰³֮ΪԼԭ򣬺Ҳмֽ顣
ԤԺĽûŵأؽˮǴߡ
Ϊ³֮ԯԵҪ
ʲΪħ٣¹ʦЯһڳħҫĿҲȻȻ
ۿŷ޵ǶʧߣڶڣδͣЪ˽ԨȻһЦ
˼ţȥȺ;Уǵ֮ٺԯ
֮Ի桱ǵķǽЩ飬ԨţᱻӶħ˵⡣
ҪǼںԯ棬ݰ¶̻ͨһǻ˽֪
ǵһȣҸʵĻ˵š
ÿ𣿡
䲻һ䣬֮ɫһš
ľ޴ħڷҫĵҲ˾ԨŴڣȥԯʱڲԶͬ档
ע⵽Ԩֻ˷ҫһۣ߾ʼǶšҺƺģ³ǵĳˡ
ͬΪŮӣԯĽ˽»ѧϰ
ĺֹ̬ܶŴ磬ʵǸݴԣλĳѧġ
ոռˣԶԶ˼ۣľڵð˳
ʩЧ򭣬ϾǶʩЧ򭣬ļԯŷֶԷľ磬ȣޣλݣѧġ
Խλ֮£ٿԨЦеġûɵķ
ÿɺÿˡ
ԨعֽϣϸһƹЦ˵ǵţ̬˵ǵеλء
㣿Ȼ
Ծȣ濴
֪ģλҺĽǼʣ˳ڡδ϶̲סҪġ
ֻǣǱôΪʲô˵Ƚÿˣ
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ȹɣ˵ͺܶйһȡƤҺÿƻ󣬻̷ˣнյľλƲ죬񶾵أ˵Щ׽ӰĴԡ
΢ЦŵԨŵ۾ڣһö䣬½㣬˵ʲô
˵
죬Ҫһ飬ͻȻһĵȻ
ʹ˿Ԩӣ绹ҪԸһص޶ϣһش𲻺ãͻᱻ˺ƬĿֲС
ݡأǷӲû˵
Բ𣬶Բ𰡡
ͻȻһӶһѳסȹǣһԽ䣬ܽĻجæԨǸҽǴͣ˼ġ㲻Ҫƽϣ˵˵ġ
ҳԣҽԨһҰĽˣ»£Ҫûҽ
ģˣϵǸ
˽һ½⣬ʹѣһ£·˹ˡ
ӲǱŲأ˿ԨͲˡ
ԨȻú档
ʱ򣬶ǽ˵ʼӣδ뵽ؼʱ̣ܿ¡
ƫƫ㣬ʱ̣á
ԨַֱһȤٿһӣðȻǰʲô
δĲ㡣
ԯڽصİ£ոװλĿ£ûüһߵ
ɻԯţô㣿
ûŵʱͭǮ£ź«Ļħ
ħڵĵʦ˵أλûŵصʷϣйһħͷԯҲη塣
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ԯһͷˮӹǱǩʱͼͭǮٺٵЦţȥᣬȻŶ롣
ھӰ
ԯֹһ䣬ţоض
ڸУԷһпӡ
ͷбǩһ֣Ԩ˿ڵڶ㣬ڶʮ䣬档
ԯ΢

ˣ˺ħͷԼʱˡҲֻ˷ʱ䣬뿪Ŀɡ
㣬ʱ䣬ħͷҲѿйͷԲˣȺٿ
ĳСӣոտҵҶͨͬһңȻò̫ˡϧֻҵϵӵܣдΪǴѣҪҵ֣Աӻǽõˡ
е֣ûʲô⣬ҲûøУȴڰɡ
ħͷչѰǰѣ
ġ
һ˫̥طĺͨ˴˴ԣڸ
ˣʵ̤Ԩᣬ˽µĽûϹ
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ʱ˿̣˿ƸԳĬɰԵ̸һֱڽš
úȰҪҪ嶯ʵţһ߼۲ԨһߵȥȺ
㼫ԸǹԹ
ֻǣżԨĶԹ֮ɫ
ԨȻ
ҹ
ڴߣһԡɷħǵԨһţʲôʽȥԯŲע⡣
ԯͷҫһȥǽǱߵʵ״ҫȻ
֪ԼǽΪħгħǱʲô;ٶûҪֻءɷħ뷨
ܲԕFùϵ˿ܻΪ˵顣
ĴڣӦҲҪӡ
ɡɷħϾ¹شԻġ޾ꡱҲϧ쳣ħ⣬ӵҪͷۡ
Ȼ䣬¶
µͥСڲ磬Ϊһشػ棬ȻӿȼգӦʲô쳣
ظӦжһشػ档
棬̫
δȺλúУǱߵ쳣İ˵̫𡭡
ɣĶֻ۾
ɲô롣
˵̫𣬴ֻ۾ǡҫ֡ǣ֮
̫𣬺ֻ۾صϵǽĺףʵ֪ġ
̫ģпֻ۾
Ǳ˿۵ģֻ̫ӣԨãֻӣ
ˣ
ʱߵҹ



İٰʮ 
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һ룬Դǵʧ
һ޺ȹʩȻǾһױݴİ³ǳ˿վڷǰ
㣬˭
ԥһ£ӵѯʡ
ǽǵĽڵǸǶȣܿԯ
ֻĺͨÿǶ䡰Һһͽĺ֪
΢ʱӾ״̬Ƶǰؿԯ
ǰ
֪ԨҲҡδõĳˣڷųԺ󣬷ֵһۿĲԨһòŮӣҲˣֻͭǮ׽Ū
˼ţͻصĲ㣬ħͷʦ
񣬵õħ֪ˣҲͲηͭǮɢޡ
Ļϲ䣬˿һӲˬ
ӦŪˡ
ЦҡҡͷǸһҪתȥ
ԨڵŴٽŴڣԴţûƼ
ֻǰе֪Ժ󣬴ӽƹһĽһһԽû
ȿȡ
ȥʱһϤȡ
ʧ䣬жͭǮջȻϲâᣬɲǼ䣬͵رҫ
ӦһŻ㣬㼷䲻ᡣ
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۾绹ǵλǱòΡȣȻݵǶֹһ֡
ԨνźͰȻԯԼ˽¶ԱȺһͿء
ڴˣ棬Ȼʶ
ľȻĺܵľԻعһ棬棬Ҳħµ۹ˣҵϵӵܡ˵λŮƿص۹ʱмӡѵΪʶģ
Ȼ䣬ԯĵԨô档
ԭִҪߣԨ˷ʱġ
ϴʱƺƴȻǿˡԨЦ
ˣ㲻кһԯݺݵأһֵۣ˵ô֮ܵ󣬷ߺûˣ
˵䣬ӵأԨĴأԷ
ڶᣬոʯʮ飬ɿռȻޣ̻ͨṩľҲֻǵ˴
ҵĺβ貿Կһƨ£ľԵСˡ
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·ûпã˵أԨͬһŴǵ̬Ԩʦ
˫ûĿɿڴ֪롣
ȻǷɧǣǽûأǲǣһ㶼ںԷƲ죬ĺڸ̣棬ϡѰͳ忡һ㣬ʧƵϵħµ۹Ϊһ֮ҫԻ͵δô棿
ߣҾ;į泤ĻԼѰ
ԯΪֹ޷⡣
ԯӸλŮˣӦҸǿôԨûʲôëͷСӡ
ƫƫԯԨһڡ档
;ãԯĴûΪ³ǵĳˣɵĺܣֻʣ³ˣȻŹ
棬еͷءȻ³ǵĳˣ١ĺ˵
ʲôͷǲмһֻѡһöûʲôֵǮոʮᣬҲ఺̻ͨҲûŴã϶ˡ
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˳㡣εıʵԨһҲոտˣʵ̫̫࣬ЩһһҪˡСҾλʧƣˣ˼ʣƽҪ鷳
Ź죬Ҹҹ˾ʱȥҽ㣬һԳ
ô˵ţԨ°档
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˵Ĺϵ룬֮ǰֵĲ
㣬ԯأԼһͬŴн׽֫Ӵͷһء
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ҿأܵ»˻ôһඡһ˫ˣҿŶϲοѪյأԯɫأ󣬳Ԩһǡ
Ԩʹʱأá
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ԯص٩
Լûоⷬ˵ģǳ˴׵ŮˣȥԼҵˡ
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ֻǣԨȷǣĳԴģǰװġ
ҽǽñڼװ壬ܲЩ۹⣬ҹĶӣӴ˸ԸȵȺ֧һʯȡеʸ񡣡
ŪԯԨĹϵе飬ǰ˵˵ǣظһء
ݾӣԯЦݹŹ֡
Ԩ̯֣ԩ˵Ƽˮ꣬ĺãǽôһӡ
һŮͬһңϦദԯһ棬뿪³֮ͦ𣿡
桱֣ԨȻ²Ӧ֪顣
ԩԩԨæ
ǽãǲӦʶȤһ㣿ԯüһ˵ĹϵҲ˰ɣ˵ţأԨյĸһ㡣
ӣǳԨȥԨ֮࣬ҲֹҪҪ޸
߰ɡĺ
ҡҡͷͬ˵һ
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ᣬʯˣ̻ͨǲ˵ģǣ
ҲĪΪʲôãҪ
ڹؼʱ̣õжϣãȻ⣬İУ˵ôһ



İٰʮ ҵ
δ㣬̻ͨڲԱڡ
һڶˮݶοյķ䣬Ȼ΢ͷһλ׷ͯյĸ˵
ǶǴãȻȥ˵ڶ㡣
ȥǼ䣬֮ǰǴԳ棬˵ħµ۹ԭϵӵܵᡣֵǣһͼʸͭǮĽûƺħͷ˵ˣҲСӵķ䡣
ǶԽСӷ䣬Ѿ
߷ӣȥǶСӣǽϢ˹ա
ҲϢʱԼʱҡͷ
ԨλǴߣҲû⡣ϴ֮зӣһԽûԯŰݷˣʲô
ӾˣֻҪϴߣȥϢ
£ûκεֻβָһöǬĸˣվڶˮ֮䣬һǸ
һˮ򣬽ҫŸء
̻ͨǬ½Դ½صľݵ㣬ͣ׵ĳ棬ڲͬˮ֡
ϢԣžѰˣһˮ֮䣬ʱ
ǶԽû΢䣬ҡҡͷһתСӣҷѯǽϢ
ǵġش
˵ϵӵܣҪȥȺľȻǽϢĥһ£ҡͷʧЦڵ˰һ㶼ʵϣûһ滰ĻСӣ˾ˣֵ⡣
ԺȻԨͬһҵĻ棬૵ܲôࡣ
˵
ţֶǼٵġһν˵ùע̫СҲԵ͡ʲôͷݣ̻ͨԣҪǵտǶԺǴ򽻵Ӧò١
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ǰǰ³֮ûŵء˻عŽأ͵ħǷҫΪ񣬿ɲΪǸԯӡ
Ϊݣ΢
³ǣԺһء΢Ц˵츳󣬶Ҫʤӡʶ˵۹⣬˵Ľϸڣ㲻ֻ֪Ҫһ㣬Ƕδ
Ȼ𾴣ִ֪ˣ

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ԯȷأҪǶԽû뿪֮õĽ飬ȻӲͷƤҪŲˡ
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ԨȻʶؾҪˡ
ԯȻƺ棬ǺͷҫһͬкܶʣҪλ
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ƫƫƺʶȤ
ǣ
ԯ֣Ԩϣֽ˻ȥҵģúôš
Ԩһҵġ
ȥһ㡣ԯأߴҪڡ
ԨԣԣԼּ˼
ڴߵԯȻһЦ󣬾Ȼ̧Ҳ˴ϣͷͬƣϥš
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һƵأôͷŴһϣС꾫Ǵ֮ҪӲϴգϢȥ𣿡
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ԯ̲΢ǿ
̧ͷӡ
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Ҳա
ԯͻȻһЦ˵ͷֻȻһǣԨ֣ק´ҵģȻӦ˼ңҲǿиˡᣬҲ䲻ϵҵģȥɡ
ԨӲţǽþȵĿ£Ԩߡ
˷ţԨҪѯʣֹ
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һԨԯ˻֣ͭǮ˵
ͭǮЦŵͷҲһȥԯķ䡣
ɲ
֮Ԩһڲ֣Цۡ
þòͭǮͷҾԨкںδϢҸ֪ԯģĪ֣Īֹ
ԨҲ³ˣ˵ͷԯǶԽô£
һͭǮâһš
ԨʱһǶԽûҲйأ

ͭǮ˴֣һĲ˼ĿԯһۣС˵ϵûŵأҲжأˮ֮ӿȪ౨ǶԽû͸ϵŽ;įģлҲÿ
ԨȻ
ԯâ𣬡ͭǮûŵʱԨĶж㣬ôģǶЫãԼͷϷˣˣοӺԨ
γԣͭǮһԩ
ԨҲסˡ
ԽûֻǾЩ֣ûзϡ
Ůڵ΢в
οǡδûʲôµġ
ڣ˫֮ԯһԳӵĿ⣬ͭǮ˵ûŵʱʦӦþ㣬㲻Ҫ˵ԹʦˣԹʣӦˣ
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ŵأԨλӦɣ
ܣĶŭ
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Ԩһ齥أҲȻͭǮǰ̫·ӰûŵأûӺǣοںδıأ
Ҳ֪ڣͭǮȻ
ԯҲˣڣ޵С˶ϡ٣֪ģ
㲻Ҳ֪Ԩ
һ֪ΪСʱ򣬾ڵˣѰ˵Ȼ֮ĺӣҪڡԯͣǶûȤųΪħڵˣ;ܾڵ
Ҳʱ֪и۵ɣڡ֮󣬿ȥ˽⣬֪ŮӵɣкֶܶΣҲ׾
ǶԽûӦھϸѡ֮󣬴ڵ˫֮
òǻˣҲյߡ㣬ǱٿصĿܣججģǣߡ
Ǹ㣬Ĺƻ̷ͬˣԪѪԼȻļȡ
ʱʩýָ֮񶼿ߡ
ʼգ㶼ڹԵһ̷ˡԼеķͷ֪Լڵߡ
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ҧгݵأݺݵȥԨֱۡ
Ҫɫ˼ҶƤϣ



İٰʮ ѧ
Ԩų亹
ԯյأֱʱûκηӦ
ڡ
ƫɣ׶һ㣬ΪͳϿɡ
˵Դ½ˣ½ħħ֮ҲƲڣôڲѵǴ֮á
ǰҲڣ֪ķţδӴ
е׳Ƶġ֮Ҫϣﾡãڵط
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ڵġ˫֮Ԩ˵ģطҪѡĹ˫ãһΪߡһΪߡ
ߡеľǲɲ֮Լӣͨ˽ϣȡԪѪԼڡ
ߡǽߡɵľԪѪ֮вߢ
ߡľΪȡߡ߳һأһ綼
һԣߡΪߡ״̬֡
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ôͽòʶࡣ
ʵϣܿĲ֣Ϊ״ӳճ
ʵΪҪ߳һأ
ǡ˫֮ʵߣвٿŽ㣬ȡڵľԪѪѪǣΪȻ߳һء
ججأԼΪĿ꣬˽ȹ³ͻᡭ
һ뵽ǸԨҲЩ¡
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ԯһۣûмȡ󣬵һɫƣֵݸԨȵ㶫ѹѹ
ԨӹһڣֻΪ
ͭǮ㻹ʲôҪ˵ԯԼһöŰƱҡţ䣬㰵еĵЩƨ£Ҽˡ
ͭǮҾЦ˵ԩԩĲ֪ҪⰵϵܡҪͲὫںδϢ֪ˡ룬ǲ
ٸһףԯȵļʶῴǽõͷʲôĿģԨϢ֪ңǽȥԨûģ
֮λ޴ǡͭǮί
ȥɣ
ԯӷˣϸ֣һָţ
ͭϸ磬Ķ飬ҲˡԨֿ죬ЦԺᱨ𣡡
ͭǮ̾ϢҡͷԣֿɥλˡգȥҲûʲô
ҲԨԯ϶֮ôͶûá
϶֪ǶԽõݡԯ϶˵
ţҲˡԨ˵ͷһڽкɫ̨һ¡
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û뵽һСƹ
ԯЦһļѣžƺָ˳ԼҲЦݽЦƵ˵ûң
˵ʱһ˫ǵ·𲻾⣬ַ·ܿأƳԨһۡ
˼ҹ룬ҹ¡ԨϽͷ
ԯӣ·Цȴ˵²˰˭ѧһǻǽұݺò
ԨͷССڵƣ㶼֪٣
ҫ˻ҺδǰҼաԯ⣬ҿ˵ݺѾͷԦһңǲռ˼ҹˣֲ븺ΣʹšɷħǱˣ
˵ʱԨӣԨ¡
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ԨžƱɴۣҲؽ󿴣ĵϰ
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㲻صԯӾƣλʦˣħ˵顣֪һҲ׷оǣ࣬գ֎[ˣ˵ѳӹΰ
ˣħǱߣ㽻ɷħû˶ڣﲻ𣬲֪ħΪ˴󶯸ɸꡣ
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˵˵㼸ͥСأԯȽϹһغδĳɾͣ
ˡ
ˣ
š
ҵ죡
ԯڿھУɫ
ͥߣԴ½ͼ½ţ
ڣħΪƴᣬ˺Ӱ



İپʮ йŮ
ԯǰԨ翴һ屦䡣

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ЦݲԨƣƱһ£ýͽͽᡣ񣬰ǺʱǵðѽҲϰ
ԨֺһڣħûҪɷħ˼
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Ԩ󶨣Цţ㿪ʼԯʹ쳩
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ܿ죬Ԩ͵֪ħ󡱣»һǰǽԺħµ۹ͱϼεذѳ֡
ռң֮࣬ߴԨԴļ壬ﱻϼŴǴѹ
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ΪͳħڵĹϵԯڵԯңµء
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ҪݵǶͣͻȻת˹ָͷҪйŪԿ
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ԨԯһͬʱǶԽûʱע⵽ǵĶҲԶԶ
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ԶϵһЩɢޣѾ´ߣŮľֹĽЦأʱʱؾͿ
һڰԼԨ;ǴСӣƾʲôɧĻ

ͬǵĲ㣬һλݹᾣƤ԰׵ӣֱӷ롣
ɫưûһ´һ¶ƿշС
һ԰ĵ磬ע⵽ʱʧڴҵҰֱӳڷϼĳء
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ԨջĿ⣬ֹһ䣬ͭǮ㣬ӦҲǻξļ𡣡
ᡣԯ˭ʲô磬̻ͨȻŵˣڷϼӦǰȫġ
ţһҲܱܶ鷳˵ʱϵĽȻĻ⣬Ϊɱ֮
´֮󣬵˷ϼɱ̻ͨǲġ
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µĴ𣿡ԯ
ǰɡԨĵأںɳ̲ⲽĹţ·Ѱʲôַ·ֻ㿴
ԯ鲻ͷգź磬ߣֻĿ
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Ԩȴ֪̻ͨߣںδ֮УȻзܿԯһһ
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ԯȻ̾һ׳㣬Ӻ뿪
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ԯһǻ
ǲҶΣǣܶ
˴ЦţָԨưҵϵӵܣŽҡУⲻԼڴϣ̻ͨĹأǲƫƫŷϼǾԹˡ



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˺еĵġЦ
ԨҪһ

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ССͭǮٽʱѴɽӡŵģǬԪͨĸӽ֣Եط˳
ĸӲӵĴ֣ĵ磬·ڴ
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Ϊڵϣȥĵط뿴Ķ



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ܶɢΪ֮Ȼ
һ񣬴ӷϼȻͶ
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˵ͭǮֻСӣһдʣ
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ԯŸ첲Ԩ̬أں̵ⲽʱɳ̲פһӡ
ʼʱһЩɢް⡣
һӣ·ϼЩˣæ飬ɢˡ
ͭǮҲûţǽػءδԺ󣬺Ԩһ񣬾ԭһҡӳ
һʱ
Ԩԯˣߵϼһ棬̻ͨͣҡδѾһξˡ
ϣһСɽͷԡ

ɢǰĿֲСɽͷȻ
ԯ΢΢ɫ
Ԩǲ⣬֮ǰϼһЩ˵ġ
񣬷ǳϤǳӦԯ¶ɫʣ˵ӦҲǳٺ򣬵ҵĸоƺϤˡ
ȥǽ򡣡Ԩ͡
һġԯһǽħġϼǽȥȺûǿάֹЩģҵģǿʳҶһӦ
㣬ֵ̫򾲣˵ƽܾò
ɡ
ˡԨЦ˵
Ҳڴ˿̡
һݹ᾵ӰСɽͷɽۣȻֳ
ɫ԰ף겻⣬ɽţźХĺ磬裬񣬸·
̸Цԯ˲Ӧɳ̲ʯУ͵ͷȥ
ӳ˳ǣԯ綾һ
ԯȻɫС
ԨüͷСɽͷλ԰׵ӣ֪
ԯżС˵ӣԶɽۣľΪԨȻġ
ԯϳˣλӣͭǮһҲǵĲס
Ĳ㣬ոʯһǧݵط
˵ľΪȻҪһأ˼ɳħڵݣͻȻֵĻδػסԨ
죬ǲ£Ƿǡԯ
û˵ҪˣվôߣôۡԨƲ죬ӲȻŭӻ֣һЦݵأɽ˵ߣˡ
ɫһҪԾɱˡ
ԯȻɫԨɽԨʱĻ⣬ԨҪϽͣ˵ȥ



İپʮ 
ɽۣɭףݵĲ֪ӣһЦ
Цݣ˵ɭ

ȸ㣬һ齣󳨿˳
ʮ齣âҫԡ
ԯɫ䣬һȼյĺڣ䣬ƮȻ
񾳣ڣ
裬жϳλɽӣǱߣֶθɢޡ
ԷѰڳ̣ҲضԴ
ԼСģ
ٴеԯӿȼգüѨϣһĻҪ
һööתĻħ壬Ȼ㣬Χ
зҫ˼ӳֵطԷ۷壬ҲܴɱҡɫңٶҪԼҵɱ֣㣡
еǰ䡰ҺĵģԼİΣԨ
ħΣɽӣЦһ߻ʵԶһɢޣڼ½ħҺΣ
˵ţҪڶ齣ն䡣
ԨҡҡͷЦһ֪ļһǶࡣϼļɻ䣬̻ͨû֪ͱԼѰ
һ㶡
ͣ
һ磬СɽڲȻɴܳ
磬һߣ˲λӲ
ƺһ񣬰꣬һϢ䣬ͱס޷
߳·ɽ£һ
ӡءֽţָͷȥߣȴ͵ҽУָͷôء
Ǿݵӣţɽ¡
أʧСɽͷ
ʹХɽڱö϶ܿͣˡ
λ۷ΪפڡδĲ㣬ڷϼ£ɢޣƺڶ̶ʱڣ
Ȼ󣬾ͳСɽͷڵһʬǡ
һͻ䣬̫ͻȻԯûзӦһʱͼӱ߳Ųӣ뵽Сɽͷڡ
ˣˣ
ðΣŻعųҵĻ棬ǶϨŤͷԨôˣΪʲôˣɱ˭
޴ɻ󣬲ܿƵش˫ϣд˾治⣬֪
Ԩɽۣؿ˵֪
˵ͿҪˡ
淢䣬Ԩ˵񾳺Ϊʹͷһ齣նɱǵӣĪؾˡ
ɱˣǸողżôˣԨ
ԯһ𣬡λߣ
˵ͷԨ˵ߣһҶۣõߣһ
ǣҶǴߣ˽ɫԯջ
Ԩ΢Ц˵ҿ϶һЩ
һԯ
˺ˣҪˣȥСɽͷԨͣȳߵĵȥǵøңҪնУôأڿգȸ䵺
ԯں棬ıӰһ
ˣԨȻ֪һЩʲôɴͷβû˵ֻµɳ̲ͥŲ
Ԩǣͼ
ϵܣһ
ͭǮƮȻҡȣ䲻ðͷ
վСɽͷ£ЦԨͷҲģ뵽ɽͷǸԶ
ԨЦݻ죬ʾУ磬㾳Ϊһɽ۳֣СҾ΢Ļ㲻ҵģһ

ͭǮͷҡ˹һողһҲ뵱һ
ԯɫһͭǮ㶼ˣ
ˣһ֪ļһһ·ţСɽͷͭǮüŪ۵أԨЦϵôᣬ֪˶СɽͷֻͽУϵأ֪ģ
µġԨش
ֱ˿̣ԯŻȻ׹
ϼûҲǳȻСɽͷʲôҪĹֹء
ϵܣҰɱˣһ⣬ҪأͭǮüչʲôãĲͷ̷㣬ҲһȫⰡ
ԨŹߣһͬɽǡ
䣬ѵͭǮǰûʲôͣ٣һɽʯףôʵ
ԯں棬ͭǮǰͣͭħһԽǣûпǹҵĸܣ
ͭǮŴ죬ԩҪʱʱ㻹ûϴ˵ûŵصʱ򣬲ûУû
֮Щ飬Ҽˡԯһ֪ͭǮľͷһСС³ǵĳû취أһŵķҫˣйʦˣԺ˵˵
⻰һͭǮͲˡ
ֱ飬˲ʧĸɸɾʣµģȻһ˿˿ԥ
Ȱ㲻ҪͿ̻ͨߣڶءʯ׶ϵԨ˵ϼλԼĵ̣ΪʲôͭǮĪΪԼˣ
̻ͨͳħڣߺͭǮӵ
Ӧһ˿ɱһ
ͭǮЦϵܣ˵ʲôأҺԯ֣Щ£Һ涨úñ֣ϣӮԯ½⣡
á



İپʮ ɽ
ɽʼԨͺȻ£ұֳĬ
ɽ£ǰͭǮЦԯĸɸɾ
ûʯ׵һأֱɽȥ
֪ΪΣͭǮ·𶼱ȾͬҺ˵˵ûи̸ۡ
ʼҡŵȣҲ
ӷ׵ɽʱӯޱȡ
ԯԨͭǮм䣬ĴţСɽ³˺棬뿴ɽʲôܡ
ϼôһɽ½ϸߣֲܼ
ոɽԯȴС
ҵ⣬ҫϡ
оУû¶ȣ쬵ġ
޳ħڵħ񲻾õʯ׶ʱܾϼСɽ£ɭɭģǲ
񣬻ʱеĿɽڴ
ھޡ
ɽ²ʣҲңԨǷŲǺܿҪִɽۡ
Ȼ䣬ĬԨûԤ׵ͣ
ʯխһͣ£ԯͭǮˣҲͣ¡
һں棬ͷ
ԯɻɫ촽΢Ҫѯʡ
ԨҡҡͷһҪʵƣԽͭǮϡ
ͭǮһҾͲȥɽˡ
ԨȻһЦԯ˵ԵƬ̡
ԯȻΪʲôǶʱԨȻԭصȺ
ͷٽ͡
仰ԨٴⲽУһأʵɽ
ԯͭǮˣһֱĬĬ⣬һֱ
ڵǶǣӰȻʧ
ԯȻҲ̲סŵŵšؾҪȥ֪ΪʲôɽʱԨĪʧ
ǰλݣɫɭ׵ӣɽվĺúõ
ΪԨɽһ˲䣬˲Ӱ
ȥ
ͭǮں棬һģȴɣҪɽ
ԯ͵ֹסعͷСɽ£ײʲôܣ֪ʲô
ͭǮû𻰣ۣʯ״£ͷų֪
һöɻͭǮȻͷתһȦȻԺ
һЦ˵ˣ̻ͨˣӦѾ֪ǣǵ̸Ҳˡ
ʲôԯ
ϼĴ󲿷ֵ죬̻ͨλߣ뿴ܿͭǮٺһЦ˵㣬̻ͨӦ˳ħڣҪ㰲ȫ͵ȺȻҪ⡣
˶٣ٴ˵˴˴ɽ̻֮ͨӦþͿҲʲôˡ
ԯѽ⣬Һ桭
Ԩ˵Ԩ֣ûˡͭǮЦ
ǺáԯͷҺԨˣոɽ£Ǻߣɽ۵ߣˡ
һߣĲͻǣһɽǰɣͭǮϸڡ
ԯ
ͭǮЦô˵ɣһأŴʯʵǣΪ磬հ裬ķ羰ڵأһ¡
ԯ΢
λ֪ļһֵɽۣ֮أ˭ܸ֪ܿͭǮӣ֮ͣأԨϵɽۣܸ֪ܿġ
ѹƬأȻͬ磡
ͭǮ¡
ԯֻ㶣ͽζȫ˼֪Ҳ֪
ұΪ֪֪֪ˡͭǮ仰еֿڡ
ǣԯ󣬼ҵ𰸣æѯʣɽʲôԨ᲻Σգ
˵ʵĲͭǮɫ̹ϣȵȰɡ
ԯֻο
һˡ
һ̤Ԩֻﻻƣ˲Ϣá
Сɽµɽۣܱ߰ãã紣ɾ
ԨȻһЦ֪Եطˡ
λǰԼ粻շ֮ɽ񾳺ɢޣ˿ڵɽͬһ
ɽ⣬ԨͷϷֻĻڣ·Ѿֿɼ
ʵϣ⴦ɽۣȷҲǺأ֮һ
ɽۣһСС
ԨЦţƵСͷһۡ
ССڣһģǷϼ
ϼǳССϵһ˼֮ء
ͣڵߵҾ޴ġδСƴСһ«ȥһϳ
Ԩۣ룬ٴ
СڣڶӳģһƬкܶСĵ졣
ϼֻһ۵Сѡ
Ԩϸϸȥ𣬺ܿҵɹ̫Ⱥ򡰺δִ֪졣
һƬʮСȵĵ죬Ϊܼؾӿš
Ⱥ
ףԨϳһŽٵ죬ɢɵĵȺһεĿ꣬ǰ֮
һԨһαۡ
һαۣĬĬؼţȺһӡ
ٴۣٴȥСʱĿģȻ޴½أ½֮䣬
أԴǬ½
Ԩֿ죬ЦݲȻ
һ̣Լվھo㣬˼ǧ̻С
أ½£
ԨٴαĿ볢һ¼ʱһȻ𣬡ۣܿĺأѾˡҪˣ㾳Уٿۣ㿴һƬǺӡ
ġ



İپʮ һԿ
һ⣬۶ɵӰڴɽϷƾ֡
Ԩ̧ͷֻһۣҡҷ궼𵴡
һǧɸߣԡ߲ԣͷڣµľ޴࣬գ졣
ֲϣǵصɢƲʺ磬š
ţңԶʱˣһǺ֮ع١

ǧɸߵĹ򷨹ݣ͵С
ɲǼ䣬Сǧ򱶣̬СС䶨
һߣ㣬ϹᴩСС·һֱ䵽ؾģ뵽ϼĺ
ڣչֵ½ٴȻһ䡣
»ϼСɽ¡
ԨͷܿСɽµɽָۣͷѪյڵϡ
ߣӾǰٴϼɽͷ
һߣᴩأ
Ǻӣ˦һߣ۴˼䡣
Ԩ
λСǧֵ֮ӣ˷ڣССһ¹ᣬɷħڡ
أԹԵᣬûϸȥԨȴһڵ
ǰ
ԨЦžһ˿ִǣ֪ǰϼߣǰ̽Ҿ֪㶼ˡ
ߣǰ氲֮񣬳Ǳڷϼ֮¡
ǰ֮ˣ氲ںһʵɽ򣬸˼䡣
Ȼ氲ıȴں֮һǺӡھڵʵػһҪ֮أֹû롣
񣬱ִһ챦
챦ԨǰСС
˾յµķϼǺأϿǺ֮⣬켣
Ԩֱۣ𿴵ϼƬֱأǽһ㡰챦
֪棬Ծӡ
氲ɫĮȻڳߣǽɫߣһʦ˭Ϣµ۹İ³ǣһССҩҡҲã˳㣬ϵҡ
ԨҲվǡССŴȥĽߣһԩţȿֺ
ǰĽߣǰ˲ɱλ񾳵ס
˿ֱ̣ӴڷϼСɽµڲĿռ䣬ڶݰ㣬Ҫһء
ƻ飬ߣϸ㣬˳Ž߶ϣԨ
ãһĻ飬ڣ쳣ǿأֱﵽСС֮¡
·һ俪춥ִܵһˡ
氲Цһ
һ㣬ССˮ棬ϼ⣬΢
飬ϲ·Ƽ͵һܣԽݣ뵽һء
ٿȻãͻλǰɽ۲ӡ
飬˵񣬱קСɽڲأڶʱڱöɡ
òףӿֲ֮أоģů紺ıأΪ˴Եõľˡ
氲Ȼ֣ǻ߬ģһ

λӣʱ׻ҷ𣬽һǺͷ顣
˸͸͸
˵治ãԹñˡ氲Ŀޱ飬֪ϼĹأƾսɽͷѲ¡ƫƫΪܳΪһҪ
Ԩ͵ǰǰͷ֪ķȥȷʵá
һ氲΢΢ݡ
أ֪ϼСɽͷ߲
֪ԭ֪Сɽͷޡϼߣȴ֮١
ʦ˭
氲һֱһ̣
һԿסԨһޱȵ£ǰԿףٶǰһˣȺǰܡ
氲΢һ˫۾ҫģԨž;ۻҡ
ԨȱͷҺӣ𶯣͸Լ
ٶȥˣӺδôõҩУ氲
̷ɽȡԨ
̷ɽҩڵĵؽ磬ȡ氲ૣĥţԨ½أ̷ɽȷʵ룬Ȼҽ֮󣬺Ȼûŵ
˼
Ԩְĵصȴš
챦֣λھڴޣԱ˼أֻҪ֪֣ܽ˼֪ܶ顣
ȻһڽгԨ氲һǽ䣬ͨ;֪ģǰĻ켣
ˣɰ³ǶȺ½أ̷ɽûŵأǽһо氲ӦҲˡ
氲ģһλĸˣһ
Ⱥ氲ͻȻʡ
ԨԥСκҩڲ޸ϵΪŻΡ
氲ʣԿ֮ܽأڲأһʲô
¯Ԩ
氲˵ͷȷ󣬵һ¡
䣡¡¡
Ȼ䣬ƺӿ
Ʋĳһغ۵ƶ䣬ڲȻһƬء
ݣ
һѺͭԿף氲кһܷСռڣȻɳ
ͭԿףԨǰͣס
ԨɫЩ־ҪǰƯŵԿףԼĽ
¡
氲ȻڣǰѺͭԿףԨ棬һ޾꣬͵ٶ걣ܵķá
ԨȻ֪ĴУ֪ûڡ
氲ֻͣ֡
ԥһ£ԨӽڣȡһѪĹ̬ᾧ壬۵صݸ氲ǰ鶫ǷҵġΪԼҲҪκζǰԿס
ȻǾ޾꣡
氲һǿ龧ڵġ޾ꡱȻ롰챦Ȼһ˲䣬ϼСɽͷ
ԨȻ˹һС˵һ޾꣬ǲܾȻġ
氲Сӣ֪еࡣ
һ޾꣬ԶԶԨٴ˵
ٶˣܶණѾˡ氲һֻǴʦûиκҩĳŵӳ೾תʧܵʦŲ
ԨЦٵȵȣҿ԰



İپʮ ˵
ɽϡ
̻ͨ㣬߽أλͭǮǶɽȴ
ֲ£޵εĸˣҡδˡ
һˮ룬ĦһöǬ䣬·ڲأɽкֵþ棿
񾳣߾ڴˣܿףɢһ֩㣬Ի֯ɵͼ
һЩŵˮţһĶãʱ̸֪˷
ҡδȴҪϽţӼ½Ǭ½Դ½̻ܶͨݵ㣬ݹѶ
лξΪƻ˿ǧ
򣬵ֻÿһ˲۶ǧѶܻҲû취ҵʶ˼⡣
ҲҪרע磬ʱʱ̿̽ҡδǷϼҪнˡ
Ƿϼɽͷһѡ
ɫ΢ң仰ع
ͣ
С⣬֮󣬻֯俪
̼䣬ն˼Ӱ˵ͷ⡣
Ļʶؾעڵºǰ
ٴοʱ׻ػ꣬ʲô
֪ϼλݵߣڵϰ裬ϹǱ׵񣬸ɱ˲֮棬ԯͭǮһµɽ
֪أǰں󣬲ϡ
ԯͭǮˣڰɽפ㲻ǰǸ棬ռ絴һ̤죬ɷϼִϹǷ֮ء
壬ɽۣ˼ɽӣ̻棬·𼤷ˡ챦Ĺ֮·ι۲أ
˿̣ӦȻ壬Ϲһ
صͲֲ²⡣
һ࣬鿴ӡ֮ȻǺܶϤϼһ̤죬οռУֱ壬أѰ
صϣ̻֮Ūͷݡ
ĳ࣬ҿһۣӦʵò٣ٵֻݺ֡˵ͷۡ
Ԩò࣬ʶΪʵʣط档

һͷݣڵģһλε͸ˮ򣬲˴̻ͨ𴦷ֲݵ㡣
Ԩ֮òڼʱ䣬ڶ̻߲֪
̻ͨˣ˽ԨܿһգԨʵͷŪ
̻ϢǶȻԶʵ԰ħµ۹תַ£̻֤֮󣬶֤ӣĶˡֹڷϼ˺޹˼ɵأһӾֹǣмصģ֤ʵģһζѡ
̻ͨߣȥ̽ԨͷʱҲ˼
ҲãȻð棬ԯȻʶҹϵǳ
ԯ紫ǰ㣬ɧŵ
෴̻ͨϢʵװףûǸӣй׽ĽӴ
ͻȻֵ棬ϵĵһ
Сӡ
ȻһЦҡҡͷӲСǽǱߣڳô󶯾òڱһ£һ֣Ȼʹģ˺δˡ
ؾһ񣬡˭
˵ӦҲӡ󡣡ݳЦ⣬µ۹ԽԽ౻һˡӰ³ͻȻܳȺ󾭹½أ̷ɽûŵأǰִǽ򡣡
Сӣ̻˵Ǹ񰡣
½ħħһͭ޹׳Ӳ뵽Ǻӡۣħʣеħϫ֮࣬С
˱̷ɽȱңںԪλҪһˣһ֤Ǳصӣʹһö칬ӡ䡣룬Ҳ뿪̷ɽִûŵء
ûŵزãײ̡֣Ҫǰ޵İ׽ͷǣͼı졣ֱӵˣµ۹󡣡
ߴߣŵڣ֪˶١
ǽ򣬲ǰҸħغѱ䣬Ѫ̳ǿվðͷ
һ˵һ߿Ц
һΣҲŵĲᣬôĸ񣿣
̻ͨڲӰ³ǳԨƺΪ
֮ȮͿ̿
δˣ⣡
ˣƺǴȥȺ̾ϢϵҡͷȺɢңǳɱѪȲпᣬǹؽС̻ķ˺ܶѪά򡣡
СӣԴԣһӦ顭
λδߣȷԨʵͷ֮󣬾̾Ϣֹ
ҪڷϼΣܾǴ飬ĵڶ㣬ɵЩʯ˸ˣ
̻ĹزƣҡҡͷЦǶԽûҲϹ˭ãƫƫҵԣǶԽûϹͭǮͷһӻˮǶԽá
ȻԨ񣬻ܶɹɫ٣
ҿǽòģȵȺĿԴ˭Ĳҡ仰ζ֪Ԩݣ̻ͨĹ¡


أԨȥɽ۹
һγԯͭǮߵС
ͭǮƶС۾Ȼ˵ĹâҫԯӦ㼤ʲô
ûûʲô
ͭǮڨڨһЦޱȵӭȥԨһ棺úõģŵģûٿ⣬ûһꡣܴﰲȻˣɲ
ϸ磬ˣҪҪȥԨӣÿһС·ͭǮ롣
ͭǮæҡͷЦ˵ã죬Ĳá
ɻСƾʲôܵǴѵϹǺ֮ս֮Ҳˣû᣿
㣬ǻغδɡԨЦ



İپʮ ߵ
ش;УϵɽʱҰ
ССһϼҡδͣڶɢ޽٣в֪˶ɱ񶷡
עһЩ߰㣬ߣʬ˵
ԯλͷűֲܼСɽͷȻɭ졣
ԨɽͺͭǮŹ˵˵
ͭǮѯʣɽ֮ϸڣԨſں˵ûһ滰ٵԯЦ
֪ͭǮ֮£лش
Ӱһų̣һ
ԨУԯԭ·ں߻ⲽ߼ֻЦЦһ䣺ش˵
ԯҲףֶ̻ͨΣͭǮľΪԨڷϼϣκһ̸ܻᱻ
Ҳżѯʡ
죬ʱϼ졣
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Ԩ̾һ䣬ŲУѤϼ֮£Ե޲ɷԯԵ˵˾ͽ໥ӳģð
ǻӲӵĻЦݣ㲻żشϣ֪дһں߶ߣ
ԨЦ˵ǰɡ
еġԯЦ绨

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ԯ㣬ߣӰΣ۾ֻʶ׽ġ
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ģں·ڸ֪ʲôڵȴʲô
ǡδļװϣ߽أȻ֣鲻õأ𲻼ϴ񣬵˼Ҳϼ㣬Ҳûá
⻰һõ񣬷·ЩȻΡ
ݵһ£ĲһĴڣ뱾ڡ

ԯһ˽ݣֵһ
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һԯ΢ͬ˵λߣҲ񣿡
šԨ˵ͷ޵˰ľ磬壬Ʋ񣬻ǱġԼ棬棬м٣˵ġأոջȥλȻ֪˼ҵĹأ֪飬Ϊºܼš
ԯ˰ΣĻζһɽǺϺأ
ԨһЦ
ԯ˲򣬡ɽӵϹأķʽȥݼ
˵˵

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װϣصͷЦкԯҼ롣
ԯ΢ȡ
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ԯԳħڣ˰³֮ĿǰҲԷ
λ˵Ǵãûмһ档
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ԨЦ˵һãҪ̻ͨᣬΪԯŵǼߡ
һ£
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ԯԨˣӶˡ
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뺣ϹֶδλɢޣƿţһĺϢԨԯ
¶ˣҰ׳ۣܳԴСźܱŤ
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ԨƳһ£֪λɢģզأӦЩòȱݣûձ̬
ԯָԨɫ㵡
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ͬǽصɻ
㣬һ䷿ǰ˵ŸˮģһΪᡣ
ڣһ䣬˵͵ġ
ԨƫƫվǼǰ



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ⱦĿᣬǵУƥ
ص̻ͨߣڰ̨Цºͣһ˫۾ųɫʡ
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Щ䷿ҲӴ
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Ԩԯһ룬ħڴˣ³ǵһ֮ЩȻ
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ڣħ̻ͨᣬϹֱ档ΪһֱأػһҪ

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˵˴ҹԯŪˣŰݣϹ֣Ȼһˡ
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ԨŹⷽ档
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ûߣڷϼˡ
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ȡ֮ģƣ֮ɫ
һӰʱҪܳ˶ɵĶߡ

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ԴȺγɣ½Դ½ɢ޴ɣΧⷽ򣬳
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ˣΪȺ֮󣬲ͬĵ֮䣬Ҳͬ
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ǰΪһ׼ĺ֡
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ͨ
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Ҫ´ߣ;ȥ߳߷룬΢ߣºߣ̻ǲǵġ
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ģֻҪң˵ôԯ飬ת̵˵ȺЩʲô˵Ƭ죬Ҳɱ޴ڰ
һû˵꣬ߣǰһҽС
ֻҪ뿪Һδ۷ߣ뺣زͿܱ˴ɱԨüͷδĿꡣ



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һƤ¶䡣
ʹ˱
ΪôȽϺʡԨŤͷЦŽͣȺطˡʵƫƫҪûǰţ˾Ǵ׵ķ򡣡
ԯƳһۣ󴦣ǺƵ˳ħҪҪҲ
òáԨҡͷ񾳵Ϊôһӵġ
˽ʱδ;һͺͺ죬Ϸߣս
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ˣȺҲ˺档
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ЩսߣܿˣҲ΢
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䣬δѴʻ
˴ɢޣɼװ壬Ӷ㡢Ĵ뿪
ԨͷݳЦԯ˵ڵѾͷǶˡ
װϣԽûƵƵ̧ͷڵĴͣ
ǽõļƣ·ڼװţԯˣʱ뿪δ֮ȥ
С澣겻ɢԯһ䣬ɫһͻȻǰգԽѰߵţҪȷһ£סڵĲһᡣĻʲôģֻ̬ҪӴ뿪Ǿ֪ǡ
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ǶԽû˿ڼװľֹ֣ڵȡ
ԯ뿪δȺĳ㣬Ȼ˳Ƹϡ
֪סںδûиĻòװ磬ֻҪڵĴ뿪ȷݡ
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ԨٴεͷҪúüƽһ
ɡֻݣҵϵӵܣֵλʦڣš
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һˣԨһλã֪˭ˡ
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ô֪ģ벻ͨԨ˼ͻȻˣΪҵǣΪ󸣬֪һЩܻ֪֮ǰǽ飬֪ҳС޾ꡯ
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û츲ؾޱ䣬ѡͳħرңԶ
Ȼڶϣֲ֪ԷǳӳħתʧΪһߡ
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ȻҪһȺ档Ԩûϸ˵ڴ֮ǰиҪȻڣǽŪһ󶯾˶ϣͲ̫ˡ
ҪȥĵطҪҵĶҪνС
ǼûǰڣѾֵĲɿ¶ݡ
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ôˣԯϢ̤ȵʲô׾ոҸо㵤Ѩϣֳһ档
ûʲôԨЦҡͷǾͿҪħˡ
پޣ͵ȡ̻ͨ͵ľߣϣߣ



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δļװϡ
ԨбڴأˣǶԳڵĽû
ˣƵƵ̧ͷйעŵĲ㣬̻ͨԯŵǼᴰڡ
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˫·˵۾˵⡣
Ǵʼգδ࿴һۡ
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ħսֳںˮеĳħǷϼһЩɽܶ޵Ķž黨˵졣
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Ĳᣬһ䴰ڣԯ̤һƮȻ
ճӲӵ̫ҫ֮£Ů㣬Уųϼ⣬˴Լأħȥ
һĿ⣬עȥӰᡣ
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̻Ϣǽ򺣵ףһλ޵ĺڵӣħ塣֪Щˣæʲô֪ǲ׷ʣԹԵ˵λޣű̻档
ͣһ£ħµкߣǱֱ̻
Ѫǣ꣬Ամ
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ǵϢħھĺԨֱ̻棬û´ĻӦǾĺԨײġ桯
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Ůһͬϰ֮󣬼С˸̸ۣһۣźߣƧ֮ȥ
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ʱˣﶯֻһ̽Ѱ֪Ҫٴ뺣ݱܡ
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˺ü죬ŻصϵԯЩԻǺȻѾͷ˲ɣȷ滹ԼʶңôңԼ´˶֣
ٵħµԯ⡣
ħǱԨµĵϣ³ء֮
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Ҳ֪ʲô̼룬ҶԳħµ֣ѾˡԨһ㣬ҪסڶʱڣŻɱȻѾ˼֮·
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ĻǿĴۣȻͬСɡأݲҪڶʱڣ㹻ȥС
˵ʱѾ˳ʪɭ֡
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ԨȻҲ֣֪ΪʲôˣСּš
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κϰõ׶̵ķҪûв´ԸոλԨʱҲ𣬡նţж캡κʱʳ˺ܶ飬캴κطǼ٣ҪﾫѪ档
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ߣϵһǳħڣ̻ͨ᣿ԯ飬ˣŶȻŭһᰲŸǿߣѸħ©
ţħµִߣȻǿ
СԨһڷ
ؾغش󣬶Ҳ⡣
ħں̻ͨᣬǶ캡
ħڣ̻ͨ棬ɾͿ֪캵ͷпܣ˳ϵأ֪Ԩһֱڱεصء
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ڶڵԨɫȻһ䣬Ѱˣ
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ɷħڴûжܸ֪ڡ
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Ƭ̺ԨȻɫʧС
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ĪЩԹ
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Ǵ󶦣ȻеѪСء
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ߵԯںˮУԥأֽԨϣħתһʵĻϪӡ

һ׻㣬Ԩͨ쵺ȥ
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һħһβڣƮȻ
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ӿȼյĻԯ£ڣХ
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٣ֻ֪Է˭
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͵Щ޵·ԷĨɱ
񾳵ɢޣĪأȻѪ˲ͻʹȥ
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ںףСҺ֮ƵԯԨ񼤷
ԨƬ;УĪһһεأ䲻ð
Ҫô;ĵʯڣҪôڳصĴʬڣǲ۵ɺ׵ĳʯ
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һΣĪİϮѺ
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Ī⣬ǽʱشԨ˵ⷬʱ಻ԣħ޵ġתħ쳣졣ħȻͣȴͨ󷨣С
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Ԩٶ޷ִＫ£Īħ֣־ͨǱϮɱ֮οҲѧˡ
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εǣǰѵĶ꣬ûܳɹħġɷ顱û仯Ϊܱõġ˳ġɷħ
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ֲܽɷħͷţȻѶĸǿߣ
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ЩͭǮڷɳģһĵ£ֻܷӳٷ֮һһͬǵ꼻һֵأ͸˲ҲƺƵ쳣
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һСС죬˲Ϣһ
Щ̻棬ޣޱһֺ£ֻѵһƬ죬ںһӡ

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ڶģ۵ĵһһλЩͭǮ
ֻ谭һӣѹǶ֡ͭǮڶյͭǮУŶͷЦ˵Ҹһǣ֪ЩռĶԿһ
ӾĺԨŪļ棬һֺ£¥ҾͰȻ
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ٴοһ󣬺ȻŵЩɢ쭳໰ģǣ
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ãĻħʰо֣ħġɷħԻġ޾ꡱصһ£
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ĪһҡħȻ
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һЩͥɢޣںѰ飬ɺʱĪˡ
ܶ൹ùʬӺ£渡ȥ
Ȼʱ⻹һâǿɽ˶ӡ
ӬͷС֣ӡ棬ͻȻϨ˴롣
ڲԪڵλǿߣʹİ
ҲܷͨͬΪ֮УȻҲ˲ش
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ӡ뺣ĺˣһΡΡ׳

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ĵǣʼʩǡ̫֮ͫͨٴνһ̫âմ
Ҳܲױ
ͭǮ£̫磬ֳһɷħһ˸ɱ
꣡
ٴأ¾ӿı̻棬޵ʹҲǽʺƺƵӿȥ
ڣдЩĽâ⣬ѹڲĺѡ
ٱЩ̻棬뵽ڲն´ںأѹǿŰ׽ͷǵУ¾Ҳˡ
Ԩ
ͭǮɫ䣬Ͻȡ
ǽֶ֮󣬺ѸʮףֻҪԶͷͨʶģӲ
˵ĽâѹƲ˵ײǹɺ
ôһ£ԯŭ壬תŭͨ쵺ߣڵĵ죬˵̻ͨ˻ӦΪʲôںҩڵߣһ㶯û
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ںҩڵߣйעսλǺϾأǺ޵ѹûֵ˼
ҩںڣһˡԨ̾һ
ԼҩںŵЩޣֻԼҵİȫһĮĺܣԱ˵ٲ֡
ЧҩںڵĴޣҲɢޣֻϵҩ
ЩޣҩںҲûԵģֻǮ£ΪҩںڣȥƴԼ
ΪںҩںأȻȻɶͽᡣ
صʱҩڡ
ħڰҲ̫ҩںڵ̬ȡ
ףҩڡֻóҩóɱսûдﵽԪ񾳵۷޷Ƭء

شر̻棬ͷŵıӨ˿ߣһִǰѽʡ
ںĽâ⣬ѹƵײĺԨʹϵҲ·ƾնѣѸӦ
ޱ˫־ϲ
Խʵ̰ҲΣȻ
ߣͻһͨ쵺֮εĽ



ٶʮ ֮
һ⣬ǧɳԿ֮ƣӾƲ
ѤӣЯſٵصƣƿţ˲Ϣִ
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
˿ѣشر̻棬ٴλΪϸꡣ
ǧɽ⣬ʻΣޡ
ǧӨڽڵţǷص־ⷽռ䣬նǴ죬Ҫ
ͨ쵺ҩ񵺺пǽ⣬ܵߣȫŴ͡
ҵ죬
ûɣˣȺССۣᾪӦԶⰡΪ㲨
ŮˣʲôħˣħҲñӰɣǺӣµħаͲ˰
ˣƿˣ
޿һ۽⣬˲ɵұʱѿ
ۣ
һѪȻ쭳ٲ졣
µĺ¹ܣڲ̲صǾȻҲܲˣǴķ齣⣬ڲѡ

Ԧź¹ܣҲꪵϮ˲󺣡
齣âβ뵽¡
ˮȻ룬ͼһĵӣֱﺣ
ľڽڱȺµĴ󺣣类һĻҩǵضɽҡе춼ڻε𶯡
һ̣ȺдޣԱ
һǿߣ

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ʼδڵޣں£һ͵ʹ
һ䣬Ұ
ǱԵĳųѣĿԣ͸ص⾳пǳߣѹ֡
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̻ͨλŮ޶뺣ʱһԥһǱֳꪣͬ뺣С
ɷħڣͭǮڽٺʱ͵ؿ򽣵
ԯҲʶأŽķ
ǱߣһǣһҰףʯȻһ塣
ݣ
ƯڿеǱʣȻٴκԨϵ뺣֮·˹
뵽ɷħٴαԨ߬ġ
ڲһ齣âһĻѹŵײ
һƻԨĺ
Ԩ۾һ򶦻´һ
ɷħͭǮԯôͨ쵺ȥ
ѣĿĳڴǰ·绤ָ

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Ҳħ⣬ҫĿΪʸ֮ġ
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һĿ⣬Ǵ󶦣Ŷڵˡ
ԯ񱻾Ԩŵֻ֣֪Ϊν˳
Ȼˣ
ͭǮ˾ˣסؿλ꣬ʼڱչؾޣⰿ裬аħĴ
ԨҲЩò侲
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ͣգޱȸӵ񣬿ǱšɷħԨˡ
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̻ܶĴޣҲǳʧ󣬺˳
ڣߵĴɣȺǿߣ



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ͨ쵺УڶƼ
ɷħ֮أ˵챱Ĵ㳡㳡ţ¡
˵أ̻ͨдá
Ԩ̤󶦣һڴ󶦾һҫţѪСء
ĪĵħУ顣
ġɷħûһ˿һԨУƿصС
λǽĺףɷħûɵħɷ顱Ȼ֮Ľ⣬˲дǿ־
Ͷţǡɷ顱ĵȻ޴档
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ʽܣšɷ顱ˢԭȵͷԹޱ
ڻ֪ԨǽλɵķһǱصһΣĸɸɾ
һƽ⣬ĪⲼã顰ɷ顱ķҵĶأҷ
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Ԩ㡭ôϵλɵģ
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㳡࣬һű̻д͵ᣬðͷԨ
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ڵĳʱ򣬷ҼΪƳ磡
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Ƕ֮ӻԨͨ쵺
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Ǹƿż棬Ĵɱ¾ŮӣҲڵУ

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Ժ޷⽣ʣڹؼʱ̱ˡ
ԯһһ۶鷢λɣΪλݳһ鷳
ӦԨָʡ

ѽʣûŵأ岻֪١Ԩûһ꣬½ػãֱ۹ͷʣǱˣûĻҲԽڡǺӣħħһ壬նѡ
ҲԽʣѹλ޵İ׽ͷǡ
˵λޣӦҲǱɱͷ­Խʴ룬ֹлؾۡ
λȻϵýͷŻһ



ٶʮ һͷɷħ
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ԨڶСأûиӦκλͥСص쳣
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һӰȻˮ̬õظֳ
ֻһۣԨ֪ǰλ조ɷ顱ħıͨԻӡ
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Сأǡħ̥ӿģʽӻעڣϴ־Ҫ꣬Ϊ˶Ұġ
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ħΪɷ顱ҪΪµĶ꣬ɷħµٹ⡣

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ʲô
Яı棬̫ܽµӡǣѰĨɱ̫𣬲ȫ㣬Ҳ᲻ܿأ



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Ԩ㲻̻ᰲŵƧ¥һߺͶ깵ͨһ
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û֣²ΪΪͭǮЩˡ
ǣзôһڡδ
֪ѾͷΪηҪһеɱ㡣Ӵ˴֣ļƣе㲻Ľϵˡ˼ҿδޣ֮䣬˿Ȼ㵽黨ǲݣ
ʵأƺҲϣԽûͶͱֹ˳ħڵǶ㶼лԼ˼ҽãԯѾͷȺͬһңúΪԴףȺɱ䣬ȷѪ꣬Һѽ
ӿɫ棬ϵܣ㰡
ں󣬱죬һ̿ЦЦӡ
Ԩ𶯣ⷬһʵȵǰôãǱħ壬ǣ



ٶʮ Σ
̻ͬͨԨ˻ɫ㵡
ûûħ壿
ϵ壬ɻ𾪶ѻ
ܰɣ۾ͬ͸ŨŨ󣬡Ǳħ壬λԺڣԵѾͷƾʲô֣ǽܣ濹⣿ǿվްЭҲȻܰɣ
֣ǽܣλԦɫӣˮȴ̫شߡ
ǲǰֳꪣˮ֮޵Ůӡ
ˣǺͷһͨ쵺ء
޵ֽΪûбħĻܾ߱˾ս˿ŵأȺ
ȥǺӣħйս飬ϵϢ
Цɣɫһ㣬λ޵ѾͷôǱᡣͫʶĴڣħ
ħ
ӵͷħ
ƾʲôٵ
ƾǿվ޵ʩƾһĺ£ƾЩ棬ѱ塣ӵԼĲ²⣬Ѿͷǿվ޵Ĺƻ󣬱ŵʲôģҪǺΪˡ
˽ʱԨûп˵ֻ
Ϊͨ쵺λصķӣ²飬ıϡ
Σա
ӿһ̾Ъ˹Ůˣڶʱڣõ˺ľ;鲻൱ǿŮˣһɱǣҲġ
ӱ죬ʲôԽأһ
ϵܣ̻Ҫ֪Եɡͣһ£Ӽ˵ҪŪףΪζ㲻šţֻǱҪҳҪǲɾŰġ
˵ģޡԨ
һٺ˵
ӵǱҪġ
ԭǰɣ
ԨЦݣĥһ£̻Ӧ֪ûŵش֪ûŵһ޵İ׽ͷǡ
ӵͷʾ˵
޵ǿŰ׽ͷǣ俪޲л걬𡣡Ԩ˼ţһɼ֮Ǳޣǵĺǹɺڰ޳֮˽ʵײ
ӽǽʣ˵ĺѾˣûбõ֮⣬ǽĺڣһֻ֮ͫڣ˰˴̫𡣡
оǣľ޾ꡣشʱѪ̳ĵײħ̥ռ˲١һ㣬̻Ҳ֪
ںףĺ£ΧδܳǽҺĪ϶ࡣ
ҾãȻһģһɱҡ

̻ͨǼΪϤԨһ֣˵˳
޾̫꣬𡭡
ţԿְ񣬿ǰԨһ˳ԾҵͲȺ֮ȻǴġ
ʲô񣿡Ԩ
ûʲôûʲôΡ
̻ڲϸԨ֮󣬸Ĵºţʵڲóȥ˵
лӻȻ΢Ц˵ϵܣڵסӦҲ޷֪Ϣǳãǻġ
ûм׷ʣˣҴ뿪
ͨ쵺Ͻǡ
һ޺ȹԯһи൤ĵڣ˷ҫԯ
ʱ꣬ԯ̤뵽ڣ߻ħ֢״ûˡ
źԼһҲŮϻοЦҾ֪ѾͷгϢ˳ħڣڶѣ㶼ˡ
⣬۷ҫվһ̻һλŮѯʲô
ħڣΪ㣡
ԯϺ˸ָŷҫ˵ΪѡһЩʺ㰲ĵҩҩأҩΪóĵ裬Ҳҩڡ˽㣬һЩ顣
˶٣һתԨأ
̻ᰲŵͥԺԯ΢죬ż⣬ʱ̫㡣
Ѿͷԯ˵
ûʲôġԯæ˵
ף
ҪٴѯʵԯһͻſڣͻȻˣһЦɵĺܰ
ԯ˳һҲסˡ
ͬһ۹Ϊ󸣬ˣȻʱҲ̤һ۵ĵá
һ󸣬ɫף˿ң·վһս
ԵڣڴƱ˺ˡ
ؽλвѪ
һͬϰԵأԾĹ
Ȼһ𣬳һߡ
˳ӵأŽȥ
ǣԯһ̾ЩӣȺľŲرá
ˣܹúã֡ԯĮ쵺λС꣬λһţֻɵõڵĽɡûǷţҲܽɡ
ҡҡͷԯ˵ϧղͬա
ʲôԯ
˵ȥ쵺Ƿŵݹȥˡԯֻͣˣûм̴ӣˡ
飿ԯ̾
ҹаħʵˣ˽֪ԯһŮʱԼҺλŮӾЯ֣ҪѰޣǻǳˣ治֪Ҫء
һԯĬˡ
⡣
һȥͿһ£վһλӡ
˫ֳֽʴأһ˫ӣӰ㣬󸣬֮ǰˣȻǳɹͨ쵺
򴽽ǣЦǹֶˣǧҪ뿪˵Ȼǰųž
ûꣿȵ
ûꡣӴЦҾϲʹˮˣŮʸҵĳ裬Ҫǳ㣬֪٣Ҳֻйˣ
ǺãǾͺŰɣǲ뿪ͨ쵺˵
ٺ٣ҵҪ˭ĵ𣡡ӼЦ
ùãԨڵϡ˵
Ҫɫ䣬ǲǷʲôнգӹΰҪãڰ³ǣȹǣͰʲôģ
ԣͷˡ
ǵãûŵصЩˣǵĵˣ󸺮ԯϵԨʲôħڵܲԕFǣң˽㣡



ٶʮ 
յ¥ڣһشء̫𡱣̴ԨͥѨϷɳ
˴ء̫𡱣Բ̣ͷȻ׻ԡ
¶ȣȻ쭣
Ԩᶯ
ڴ󶦣ѪСطɳƯǻǰڶԿŵħƣʻ
ħӡţɷħḶ́Թ޵γɣǻ仯
մɢصĹ⣬ǧа

޳ΪЫŮӣɱ̶ɣǴڷ˳
¶ȣ֣͡½
壬ܶˮƾճ֡
ðźġɷħûеıͫǰ˴ء̫𡱣Ʊܵ
ͷԨĺ𣬺ϵؽš
ݣݣ
һϸ߰ı⣬͸ŰϢ˲ǰ˴ء̫𡱣ս
Ԩüһʹһ
⣬롰̫𡱵һͬܣһֱ룬üѨϵʹС
˴ء̫𡱣һŰš
㣬ĻۣʶļС
ֻĴǡ̫𡱡
˿̣İ⣬롰̫ڣڲڵģȻµӡ顣

˴ء̫𡱣ĳּӲ֮ͻȻըѿ
ĸоԨ͸Ӧˣɫһ𣬲ɻѯʣˣ
ˣ
ӦģǴ󶦵ꡣ
ǵͨɢϢġɷħʩֻ֮һطڵСأٴݷ
ûкԶðͷ

Ԩã˴ء̫أͷ⣬ظţ鶯ӶԼĸ첲
ǰͣԵĲУûܵ
ͨ쵺̻ڲԱڵ¥ΪɽˮıӻԨŸ޿ֵؽ˴ء̫
Ȼᵣһǰ˴ء̫𡱸ͷţȥ̫𡱾ͱܳȥˡ
ԭأƯգ̫𣬶ֽšͷǿվޣҪԼԸ⣬¡ҫ֡Ҳܣǿ֮ͫڣȡ˿̫𡣡
Ȼ䣬׹֪̫壬ѹĲá
Ϊˣʱʱ֪̿ڣ֪ǽΪ
ǽġ֮ͫȻܸ֪ķλ
ֱڣǡɷħЭ£ͨİΪ˿⣬͸뵽̫ڲĨµӡǡ
Ӵ֮󣬰˴ء̫𡱲
ڵңȻ뿪ͨ쵺δޣ֪ҵĶ򡣡
ԨһɵأӾ״̬վ
üˣԯ㻹ûл
ƤһƣֱſȥƿŵǣҪߵ
Ҫ㡣
ƺû뵽ԨķӦ˿죬Ȼ֪ԼŵĵԯӸ㣬ͷҫˣףȻһ˳ħҪڳħϵĻɽһħ
㣬ͨ쵺ȴ¡֮ܹȻһûŵء
ȥħħԨȻħǱߣµ߹𣿡
ûҫʱƿسħǳħڰŵءؽͣأкܶ㡣
ʲôˣԨ
ͭǮǱˣ˵㡣һ£˵ħħʹҲǣһ
һ£Ԩ˵ͭǮںδҴӦȼ
ͭǮڵϣ۸ĵǻգǶεЦһ¥٣ţռһЩģ¥µģ˵Ͳ̫ʵˡ
ȥ˵ͷԨڽصĴ£̻Ϊŵ¥뿪
ҽڶߣͷԸڵϿɻȡʯ˵䷿Ϊ㱣һӣʱأҪÿռ䴫󣬷ûŵأҪɹ涨ʯ
˵ţԨʱͷʾ̻Ĺء
ܿ죬Ļ£ԨʹӴ˵߳
һط·ȻʣԨʱ֪ɽˮַΧվͨ쵺
Լ䡣
ôһ仰·أ̻ĵöȥ
ں棬ԶȥӰ棬ûõķλҲûпѯʰӣ·ԵϵĲ֣һĵ¥Ȼġƺܶΰ㡣
µûǰԨ֪ͨ쵺ٻء
ûΪҩڵǰһӣڸڵҩҩƵĵ裬ֱ̻ͨۡ
꣬Ͼ֮࣬ϲķɷʽͨ쵺Ϲ䡣
ȥһЩдͼΣûϡҩһЩµĵҩѰ̤֮·
ڣԾޱĥҩаҲͨ쵺չŷɫĿ־
ͨ쵺Ĳ֣¥ȷġ

;һרųеĵãۼһۿڵĹˣһλĴ󺺶ţݵ˵ʲô
Ըǻһʯ̨Ϸ
λ󺺣ੲݵ˵Żľû취С
Զ̻۵ˣһֲֵ顣
ûֻ֣ԱɧңƻϵĹأǿ۵ףҲû档
⣬ƺҲ֪ĳ֪ڼҡ
ȻȺ
ԨݳЦݣǿнŲһ䣬ѸٱȥʮףʹߺСôҲֵͨ쵺Ӧ֪ҲڵģΪβ̻ͨһɰ
ʤϤһƣˣ˲Щ
ɼ֮ɫֻ룬
˹ùõǷ
һ̾ۿԨǶЩ޴룬֪Ӧԣ֪ҪҪӡ
˭
Ĵ󺺣ֳֽбԨһۣüͷһδɵСӣѵҲˣ
ţűЦݣҪСӵù



ٶʮ 
ʱ꣬ࡣ
о磬ѴڣԨҪ߳һء
ֻǡ
½أµΨһ
ʱһ̤³ǣȥԨδִͥ
ڵµ۹һҫǿǣǡ¡һְ
һֻ࣬һС磬ɳڡ
Ԩ»ղܽˣ̥ǰľͻƣݶ˷֮䡣
ľԤϡ
ҫĿͨ쵺Եǰǡ
ԨվǰȻЦʱɫԥнأƺҪܿҪӴ뿪

Ԩǰһ͵࣬õģ§ק̻۸൤ĵöȥôľͻƣʲôƿɣҪҩʲôƷף
ɷ˵أߡ
ЩӦŲԡ
½أ˹ؼʱԨҲûѺù
οڣ
Դӵ۹ݣӰ³һ·Ⱥ;Уν꣬ůҲ͸ġ
ǰЩԴǫƴͽһİ
Щ̫衣
ưĮϰ˱֮⣬ϰ䳰ȷϰ˱֪ԣϮɱ
ˣ綾Ыҵˣ侮ʯݵġ
Ԩ㣬ûбӣûľ룬ӲҪϴգˡ
һû
˭
ĳֱԨ˫֮ȻڼϣбָԨһŵĽ⣬Ȼ͸
ϸ̹꣬ǣĻ
Ԩһ٣Ųͣתȥ˭
ԭµ۹³ϡĺӣ⣬ңҲǵ۹գʢʱڣλ򡣡
ҧġԡֱ졣
һҹ֮䣬ұ壡Ůʣ䱳аħӰӣ𣬸׶һ
Ѫ⣬׵ңʦںУӹһ٣
Ԩɫ䣬һ
ֻǵҰй۹
Ԩ˵ͷʾȻЦ˵飬ÿǬ½۹ᷢԴҲۡҴȥأҪұҲ⡣
һˣɱ˲٣
ٴοڣǰǰ֪ĺܶˣʱ˽ػ񼸲ɱʮˡ
ûɱؼԨ
⣬֪ںδҶŹɭȻһЦҸλŮ򣬻һʱˡϴ󣬳ɹͨ쵺ҾͲţԶ뿪
أԨȵ
Ȼûд𻰡
ǻѰҩɣЦλŮ֮ǰˣϼˣƴٴشӵͨ쵺Щƣɲһĵ裬ûã
һԨ˲׹
Բһ£žͲ²ˣһ·ȺḶ́Ӧòǰ˳
ȺӦҲǱƳݣ֪ˣ˹
ԯһ󸣬ڵĵ۹һ
ڹٽ½Ⱥǿʳ׶֮أλŮΪǾͲˡ
׷ɱˣٱشͨ쵺һ̣Ǿͺܲˡ
˺ˡ
ԨЦ˵̫ģ½ûзص۹֮ǰ֪㣬ùãݼҶайա
ƤӶ˶лҪ˵ɻסˡ
˵ǣȻ֪͹ùãΰݼңռҡҲ̫ΪԨûŵأҪλ
㵨ǣͱ뿪ͨ쵺֮󣬰Ȼȡ
ԨһЦҡҡͷҪ֪ôͨ쵺ģӦòôš
գӲǳ۵ĵá
ɫƣҲҪȥҪȥҡ
һԣõһλִ̻£տһţ⣬ϸͷҪȥߺȵûû˵ģˡ
ɫ㵣ߴ磿
λִ̻Ǿʶÿͨ쵺ҴģĵݳһЩʯѯʵĻ
Ϊʹ˹ϵ֮ǰ󸣬ʱҲûֹ
ΪΣ
Ϊѡִ̻£һ㲻ҪˣҿûʲôˡǸСӣȻλʶҿŽ鲻ͱûȤˡ
ʲô˼
ǲ˻ִһ䣬Ҳˣƾʸ˼ң𣿡
һȵǣ
ϸ룬ո˵ǷɡִºһͲٴҲԨ۵ĵãŵǰĺãҲ㡣
ˡ
ˣúðΣ׽Ԩÿ仰ŶȻѣȻʧɫɣɣ



ٶʮ ʵ
ͨ쵺ҩ
Ԩһ̤У̧ͷϡ
ҩһ㡣
һ㣬۷鼶ҩ
㣬дŵĵҩǵؼ켶
㣬񼶵ۣ
ҩĵһ͵ڶ㣬࣬Ҳǵҩĵط
㣬Ҫ̤У񼶵ҩƵġ
ڵҩһ㣬ԨһʵΣĸоȻļ䡣
һٶˡ
ţڶɢޣͷߣ̻ЩŮӣϸѯʵҩЧλͷ÷ʽݳϲЦݡ
ǰ֪˵ضٻء
δǶҩڵǰʦٽҩҩʱÿÿͨ쵺̤뵤ҩ˳ӿ
֪ж۸ڶΪͨֶƵĵҩ
ҩǱߣдأ̤㣬ܶҩ
ֻϾ֮࣬Լͨ쵺ҩܼһ档
㱼䣬·𿴵ҩٴУˮ㳯Լӿߺţţֻϣ࿴һۡ
ſڣһ̤ĸڣϸͷش
ɻλڵߴɣԷһţԦšɷħǵļһΪʲô˹죿
·ֻڵҩͺܵӡ
Ϊ֪ԨͷΪ˱в۵ģǳļһٴɧڲŸ
ãԨڵϵĹ䵴ᴦ
Ҫ󸣬˱նߣݸ֪ɲֹһˡ

³һԨȻһЦſڵùڵڶҩ
ͷ
󸣬˺ܹĵҩȻǵؼ켶С
ڵҩ֮⣬˵Ȼڡ
¥ɡ
ûȥһ̨ƿޣļ򣬴¥ߡ
ŲŶ۾ȴĴţһ̨
ŶҲˡԨһԴһΪʵ軹ġ
˳۾һۣЦǵ
һ⵭Ȼֽľ磬ǵЧá
ʹ̾һӦˣͰҽǵ׼õġ
λż˵̤ȻὫ׼õĸ裬һȫø
ǵҪһֵ衣
Ĵ򰾣һƶĹ̡
Ѫ⣬ͷอҪٴξһ衣
ǵ鼶Ʒĵ裬ܰߣѸѹǺһӿٶȵá
һ¡
ļԨǳǰָһƿöװĴǵ̻λŮ˵ƿǵøҡ
һ񡣡ŮЦţǰ״ƿȡġ
һʮ͸龧ӽ
龧£ԨŮģǰ״ƿšתŵöǵһˡ
Щ֪롣
ÿġ
ԨӲУҪҪڶȥ
ͷԨ˸ɻ
Ϊˣ˾ȵġ
ǵѣٿļֵô˵ǣ
ȻҪ¾ˣ
һ·׷ʲôʲôλŮˣǵã
Ŵ˵ҩĵڶ㡣
ҫ۹Ӣ纮˪λŮɫ԰ףĻҲغִš
ԨһۣƳ˵ģǻǡ
۵ףûɣ˵ʱ򣬲бС
ָ߸ϣƣҲʧĸɸɾ
ùõܴһɱսһ棬޷ķɡմǵ¥֮Щ޵ݣɻѹԨ󣬡ûʵĵ裬Ҫָ֪Ҫʲôʱ򡣡
ɣԨĵһ
ӢİԵںϼ׾ķԴ½ͼ½ĵһɣƹ
˾ڽ϶ʱڣͳ׺ޡ
ǰǣҪûսʿ꣡
Ӣ󸣬һδξлʿȡ˾ͻͽ
ԯһ̤񾳣ҲΪӢ
ڣǿ󷨾ı׶ˣҲʼֳ
Ҫһ㣬һĵ裬ɲһ㣬Ӧ̻һŮĵĽ̻ͣ굤ǵؼƷĵ裬ĿǰöС˼ҳ۸ߣ̻ȸ˼ңûʲô⡣
ȵģ
Ů̬ȻѺãЦ˵ͨ쵺ûʲô󵽡ö̻굤ȻԷȫҪˣ޷㡣
ͣһ£˵ǣ۸ߡ
һɫˡ
ǵĵ裬ǻбģƷ׸ߣҪҪŮĵأָָһǶеĵ裬öЧԶ̻굤ȥġ
ҧ´ûп
ùãȱ˼ۣŴ빺ö鵤ʯͷ̾Ϣһ鵤ĸ߼ߣӲˡ
Ԩü̻ͨĹأȷʵλŮǹѡ
κεĵ裬̻ᶼۣһ̻ᶼȻȻأ۸ߡ
˵û˹ԭö鵤
ƫƫҲҪ鵤ԸԳ۵ļ룬ö鵤̻ᵱȻȻˡ
ö鵤ܷԸԺͬȼ룬öֵ
ǲôǸˡŮЦҡҡͷ



ٶʮ Ӣ귴
תͷԨһ¥ݿڣ
ƼԨһλĵ۹ŮȻһ䡣
Ȼֻһ˲䣬һɺȫ
꣡
ܴѨڣҪѿļ
ȻɫŵĲɢ
֪ΪΣŴ˿̵Ԩ·һͷ˵ħ
ԨϣһǿԿѹֻתӢȲӦ
ͬʱԨҲ΢΢һ
һ̣ѪСصġɷħħʢһӱҫ
ɷħҪѨϣҪѹ󸣬Щʲô
ͷʱ𣺡ŮˣŮϣҿĶеķأƺǣˣɷѨϻ꺣Լûа취޳ԽԽ࣬ǡ
ԨȻ
꣬ԵЩ͡
ΣԨζ˶Ƿ
еԱۣ֡Ӣսϣɱľʿ֮꣬Ϊ
ʿ꣬ǰпս塢ɱȵͷĻǡ
ЩܳɡɷԡӢʱȻȻرա
ӢѪ̳ġ̳̳꣬ὫǵʣаֵĹ޳ħֻ̥ĻħԼûɡ
ӢûоǽеһУһһա
ǣӢĺۣ˱౩塢ɱķʳǣӴ׹ħһĴսġ۹սʿ
˲боձѹ½أӢҲȥϽ
ǰ󸣬ͻƵ֮󣬡Ӣı׶˿ʼԻ
ɱĵ˫ʿǰԹɷʼݱɡ
ڴ˹Уûüû̫ྫʱ䣬ȥ
ˣһ·׷ɱţֻܷȥս
µĽķȻսʱ޷ʩչ
ͨ쵺ʱʩչӢһֽ֮ɹͬʱҲϼˡ
ԭ
ԨͶ깵ͨһȥһЩ̻굤ҡҡͷ˵еЩ裬Ҳֻα겻α鷳
ǣȻ
ﲻ˵ĵطùÿҵòƶĶ⡣Ԩĺһ£˵ȥƣҶţȳȥ㡣
գźܶˣʮɾ룬ֻ󸱨΢Ц˵ͷ
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ԩ·խ
ԨȻʧЦŴãҡҡͷ˵ôҪͨ쵺֣㵨Ӻܷʰ
ˣȤأԽû
ǰӵأصĺܺãԨ
˵˵ʲôأǶʲô֣
Ԩ˸ǣڵǰ˳ȥ
ȥ֮Ťͷͫ䡣
ڵϣȰǰһ㡣һߣأȻһ䣬Щ⣬ɲҪҴ򡣡
˵һ̻ء
ڵ˵ͷǾͺá
Խãǵһͨ쵺ʲôͷͱ˲ڿɶָơ
¥ϣЦ˵ҺλȺǰʶģġ
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ӦþͶеʲô˼ɣû֡
֪ھܾӦôǵ㵣ǣܴѱˣںã޿ˡ
Ļüͷǲܡ͸ոճŵλϵƺǳá
һ䡣
յôǼһ

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ӵҩѸ߳ЩԾ
һ󣬳Ṫһ
Ȼ󣬱ͷҲص뿪
ͭǮЦأ֣Цݵ˵ϵܣǳˣڵϣþã㲻֪Ҷô尾
Ԩҳ󣬱Ǵģֻ;ˣԵһ
ҵСӣͭǮʡ
š˵ͷԨߵԱߣǳ˵ЩʲôѵҲʶ𣿡
ҺʦʶأǿɡͭǮûʲô˵ңһ㡣Ȼأңһкϣ̻󸡣
Ԩ죬ƾʲôӣ
ԸǮͭǮһЦֻҪ㲻ܲˣԸһǧ㡣
Ԩ΢Цˣǳƺ
һǧСǮˣͨ쵺һŵĵؼˣɹ΢ʹá
Ϊνɷѿģ˱Ǯˡ
󸣬һˣֵ롣ͭǮЦЦأҲ˵ˣҿҲ㡣
˵һ˵ҵǼ¡Ԩ
˵أ̫㡣ͭǮһ˵ͨ쵺ʱһСطġ
ŶԨ˵ͷҪͭǮ˵ȵȣɫأǵҩ߳
ţੲݣ
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ȷأޱĮأܾһΡ
ûϵͨ쵺ڵҩ֡żԽûֱŮš
ھܾùΪ˴ͨ쵺ֱشȣҪСܴ빺á̻굤Ǯ
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οڵ۹ʢҫĿʱĮһžȥУҲʼտŮ֮顣
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λҪٸ棡գһ·Ԩǰ
һͭǮԥ˼˵ҹùã
ͭǮǰֻҡҡͷ̾һ
ź֮УЩյɫԨ²󸲻ǿӲܾˣԼ׳֦һ
ĽᣬҶ֪һ㡣ԨҲǿ˵գҶڵϣҪңԡ
ʣµĻû˵ںȻЦŲ죬ӣҪ֪һɡֻҪͨ쵺ֻҪ֮£Ҷġ
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λִ̻£ͽһ£ݸ൱
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ôһ˵ԨˣЦŶҵĻͨ
˵ͷ
ͨ쵺һδɧ͹ùʱλ̻ӣֻǿϷһ㿴ţͷβû廰Ȱ衣
ڣΪԨǷ˾̬ȴ䡣
˭뵽갵³ݼҵһС꣬ʱ֮ȺôһȺ֮أ˴
Լ
һˣȻˣ겻ѡ
ˡ
ԨļɱͻȻһ촽鶯³û֣
ͷ

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ͨ쵺һʯפĵãͭǮšһƣԼԨһ£Ҳԣ
Ԩһڣ˿ȣƺ
ϼҵһҾƣû̲أûҩЧáͭǮָԼƺϣű˵ˣʵǺġδʱȻƼ㣬ֻǾȤǶԽúܷ̽һ¡
ԨСڵأűоƣȥ˵
ûŵʱֻǾܺã֪ӺεĽʣֵܲԕFλ׷档ͭǮԹԵأ˵ŻҶ˽һ£ɲһĺá
ÿΣôãܻΪģջǾˡ
Լ̻ͨǱߵ㣬ҺܳסǱߵĵߣһ䣬˵ߵĶĶңһ⡣
˵ͭǮԼЦ
ԨȻһھƣһ䡰ѹ֡
ǰ̸ʱһ䡰񡱣⡣
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֪ûŵأͭǮаפȻܹػǰıأͬˡ
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ʮ Ůľǿ
߳ҩƳһԶʯ̨ͦɵֶ
Ȼͬһʯ̨ԣûг桱ڲࡣ
Զ毺ӰԶ롣
Ӱ֪ȥӰá
Խõͷ͸ֻƾֱԾ
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ˣ޹ûϹҲȻ뿪
Ѱˣ
Ļʧɥװ򶨣ֶȥ
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ⲽʱѨϴɷŵѿ
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ڣԼ϶ܹԦġɷ굼µĲͿʼ˺
ȥʱͫ۽ǣʵϸѪѡ
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ףȽվţðĹʵ¶һЦ˰ʱ̫Ӳ
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ڹһЦ˵ϣһֱӲȥ

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ԨӦͭǮûŵأ˵飬عŵأ֮ͭǮͳ顣
ԺͭǮŵУλŵ˵ĵؽܱΪߵˡ
룬ܹԼܸӰ
ԨĹϵûŵأǳŵδĴսУװס
ĳ˵ԨŵŵԨһ
ԯڳħδ飬ԨҲҪŪȺƣûż뿪ͨ쵺Ĵε
ͭǮΪͨ쵺״ţΪ
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мҩݣȱݵͼʢҩĵУֻѯ˼ʱˡ
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ʵҲȷˡ
УŮŮʣ󸻹λŮҲݼұʱΪǸ
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Ҳ˵񾳣ڻ֮ǰԲѣе㵣ġ
ûµģҲԱ֮ԨЦЦλǽ뿴״
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ϢλŮеģ˽ɵӢ߳һأԨˣ˵Ӣɣ൱൱鷳ɲҽΡΪʲôΪԨܾ
Ц˵ƺԨԼô֪ġ
˹աز̫ţԼΪܴôҽΰ
㲻Ҫͽȥվ֪ˡЦ
ؽŽɣǾͿɡ



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ء
شħӿҵλĵ۹Ůϡ
̱ڵأϢ΢󸣬۽ѣݳ˿˿Ƶɫ⡣
ԨڶУһԲؿ
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ȳɡɷ顯Ϊɷħһλ
ɵġɷħҲһڣѷɫħܱ䣬ܱɵġɷħ
ںأҫܶġɷħڡĽ硣
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Ӣͳ󸣬ͱġɷħڡϡ
ӿʿ֮Ϊ󸣬ǣڣѨϵĸཫʿġɷɷ˺
ɶԡɷħֵԨһҩڴ˶Ľǿ
ɵػɱ񣬰˵ֱڶѸٳΪһȫµġɷħ˶
·Ԩͷܴɴ¡
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Ԩҡҡͷûвɶ顣
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ɫȻ䣬һʱʲô
İĻԲѵԼԨԽ𣬵ڰ³ǵĻƼңʱλ׾ķ֮ԴԼ̬ȣԼ
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һˮĵת
ڲĻ棬ԨͭǮ˽ͷＸһͬĳ
ⶫǶԽλɵĽˡһЦˮзɻصһصأԼҲ뺣



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ȻӰȴ˲ư㣬ڲͬĻ
һööϮɱͭǮȻûûܸ侫׼
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Ȼ䣬ͭǮͬʱųĿԡ
һӵ֣ͭǮ룬һŵֳֽ֮ؽͼ
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һڴ󶦣ȻԾ棬Ѹĵ磬˲ƵĻ
Ҳ죬ž綾ʴԶӡУԴ󶦵죬˶µĺ֡

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£ԨӰһץšɷħϹеǰԿס
Կһ֣ϸ⣬ˮһ
ԨץеԿף·һٲ´кŹâ
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类ɨĻҳȫ֮¶һ⻬羵ġǡ
ǡһַǽδ֪ƶɣݺύأӡܼͼУž;ޱȸӡ
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󣬡ǡϷصͼУʹŹ
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ĴɻͭǮϣȻڻϷת֪
ԨϢʧĸɸɾ
յͭǮ񣬼ɵЩĶأȫ٣ֻĴСĵظӦš
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ͻһӰԤ׵أҲڻ͵س֡
Աֱӽ֮أһ̻źܶطѣüͷܱߡ
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ܲԕFѣСʱͰտħ֣Ȼ֪ܲԕFʱڣλо
ħֵ֣۵ף˵𪲻ˡ
ƮȻ䣬ԯ£Ƴһԯ޵ϲڣһλ츳Ƿˡ
ҫЦôҵħˣ
һСӣȻ뿪ͨ쵺Ŷͷ̾һ˵Ͳܰһ㣬ƽûգҪֳһǷǳ
ԯΪ뵺
֪ҡͷǷյӣںˣħʹԪڡںڵˣˣܵؾۼǲ֪졣
ҫɫĮҿˡ
ħ죬ͲԶħʹʦڣȻ٣޵ξڣɱ᲻֪
Ԩʧˡüһ壬־ڣڵûӰƫƫѰ֮ԹҪԯԨΪ׽һ·ִȺڳħ˱ʺҲԨѡ
ҫȻ˵֪Ԩںδ
Ҫǲ֪¾û֪ˡ
ٵգҫ̧ͷϸ۲һ£պħͳˣҲʵˡ

İá
һ顰޾ꡱѪСأĶǾޱԨϵı飬¯ӳյıĪ⡣
¯һǣĶţżವЦݣ켣һɢС
Щɢ޻Ȼ֪ȺǱһͷױɱǿվޣһչ¶Ŀ˵ǵϣħʹˣΣա
Ԩ޾ꡱľ˱Ӱ졣
δΪˣȺˣ
ãܶĸ֪𣿡Ԩ˼ָֻ֣˴ǿվ޵Ӧƿģ
Ȼ䣬Ԩ顣
񲻼УֱӵѪСأײġɷħѨϡ

ڴ󶦣ǻظ֣ͷĵħ⡣
ˣﾹȻţ
ٿһ룬Ҳ¯һǵľ˻棬ԣȺǱǷʳΣţ֮᲻ӦЩ޾ꣿϾ޾꣬Ѫ
Ԩɫ
ΪҪôˣҪô⣬ֻвлֻ֮꣬ͫвˣȻû޾ꡯʱӦܸӦ֪ڸʲô
˵֪ЩꣿԨ㤵
ǾͿãûڱ֪ˡԦڴ󶦣ڴİεţҲ棬Ǻδ棬Ҳ޷ᵽĶҲܣҲܡ
ΪȻλƽƽźܶ
Ʃ˵أôѰôֱܳ룿
ϼϹ֣ƾʲô֪˶ƾʲôܹȥ
Ϊѣûޱӻûڽɣô֪ô࣬صľźܣ
ܷ񿴵ҸЩ꣬Ҫ
Ԩһݣٴ̫ȼǿѪᾧһݳǵ㡣
ɷħ壡
һž죬еѨϣȻ
өѪ㣬׷ѨڣʹѪСڣٴڶʱڣƾնʮ̺ŷѪ⾫Ĺš
СѪ쵤ҩЧķֽڣҲѪСء
֪ΪΣɷħЩѪײȥ֮ǴۡѪѨϣȻûǰĿֲ
ɷħһ뿪ԴѪܱɵ˶Ȼ绯㣬컯֮ı˷С磬俪ʼɱ䡣
ף
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Ѫţ˶糵֣ƻѣҪ˺ƬѪء
޾ꡱѪܣԷºͣܳܣķʽȥи졣
ѹǶ꣬Ǳ˵ܳѪСء
ŪˣǶŪˣԨ棬Ѫ쵤ãֱ޾ꡯɣ



ʮ ᣡ
İãǳ財
ǹ⣬Ǵӡ޾ꡱݶ鲼ڵϿգԡ
šɷħ뿪ԨѪСأʼûκα׶˵أȡǵǹ⣬̺ɽ㣬һһ
ǹ⣬һѪСأȻޱ䡣
ʼʱ˶ŵľ޾ĴƮ
һ˶ţȻ˴˳ײϸ꣬γѪ⾫֮󣬽ɱ䡣
״̬ʵľ޾Ѫ⾫ںϣѪɫ
εΣϴ֮󣬱üΪճ
໥䣬£ţһεξӿ
ܿ죬ѪСأһƴСѪ͸
һѪӡ¡

˶ײţܼΣʱǣۼţԴѪ⾫ɫı䣬ΪѪɫΡ
һεѪ꣬ǿССӡ¡
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ʱǿƴСѪɫӡ£̨СҫŴѪ⣬Ө͸
ԨʱһĶĿȻŷ
㶣ͷĵһ顰޾ꡱȻʧ
޾ꡱôҽû¡
һء̫𡱣ûȼͷųҸ£ļȼա

ڶ顰޾ꡱӽкġ
˲䣬ǿµġ޾ꡱ㱻ȼһεطݶǳѪƮڰա
Ҫȥʩչʲôطϣ·ݳǵ㣬Էš
ѪСڣµĹ㣬һһ˶󣬳ӯӿľ޾໥ײţţܼѪ¡
Ѫɫ̨
Ԩط֣ڶ޵ľ㣬ѪСصģǱģǿ̨С͸Ѫ
ĪѪɫ̨ûţŸľ޾꣡
е찡ԣҪǿվ޵ľ꣬ſֲҲԤϵա˵ÿһ޾صѪֽľ磬ҵѪСؿɳܵġ
ڣ˰
ı仯ŵڶ顰޾ꡱԨͨꡣ
ûзõڶöѪ쵤ûеõ֮ȥƻѪС磬Ѩϱ
ΪѪСأûٴ𻵡
ľ޾㣬Ǳ˴໥ײһһ鱬𣬻Ѫꡣ
ѪʱӿѪ⾫Ѫ̨
̨󣬿ҪһĶعģ͸
һֹ󣬴Ѫɫ̨֣ԨԽأڿΪǷ
ҵļ䣬ǿվ޵ľ꣬򰵺컯֮ʵҼաҲɻ󣬴˳Ĳϳ᲻̫йأ̫ԴһֻͫҲһ֡
̫ЯϢľ꣬ϢĽᾧ
ߣͬһޣĶǲǲĽ
ԭʼ飬½صڣԻǰкܶ಻⡣
Ȼԡ޾ꡱ쳣Ҳһ֪⡣
ģйڡ޾ꡱ֪ʶͼ䣬һˣдһּ䡣
δؾǰٷְ׼ȷ
Ҹое֡
Ԩڶ顰޾ꡱʱָ˳Ҹ졣
ʱڶ顰޾ꡱģʧ١
ˣûиеʹۣѪСȹ̣ûѱ󣬾Ͳص̫࣬ʩС꽨顣
Ԩɡ
Ȼ󣬾ǵ飬Ŀ飬飬顭
ǽĺףǡħ̥ڲһնʮСȵġ޾ꡱֻһ鱻ϼϹҪߡ
лʮ顣
̻ͨԤ飬ԯǰҪһ飬оſá
Ԩ֣ԡ̫𡱿ʼ顰޾ꡱʱͷ֣ͣˣ
ÿһ顰޾ꡱȼͷų޵ľͻѪСɣ
죡
һ顰޾ꡱѪСأûܹϿٴȡµһ飬Ķԡ޾ꡱĿѹƣ
֮⣬ǲ׳ѪᾧҲͻȻòȶ
ڲصģصѪ缴
оѪᾧ汬֮󣬲ֹѪСأѪ壬ͥСأ꣬һǻһң
ѪСأû춯ûա
µǣѪᾧ
ѪᾧǾ޾ľ㣬Ѩڣ˶ź󣬶Ľᾧ顣
ȵòһ顰޾ꡱѸٵȡһ顣
û̫ãھſ顰޾ꡱҲˡ
ˣҼǵãӦ̻飬ӦŮһġʱҲЩһ䡣
ҲңĺܲңԨҧгݵ˵
Ϊʲô
֪
᲻
ԨĬҲܣĿǰ״ƺֲ̫
û̫ãʮ顰޾ꡱҲóȼ
ӣʮһ顰޾ꡱͬӽȡ
һȼǵ³İá
Ȼ󣬱ѪСڣǴӰƴС̨ĶأѪɫ½ذѪᾧѸûһգ
ڿѪС磬ƾն
һѪɫʯ㣬Ө͸Ŀ̨档
̨ռʮĶѪСأųҫĿѪâ
ڲѪӿȣ컯ܡ
·Ѫκ˴ڼʱ䱻Ѫ̨׾ٵ
̨γɣƺܰûѪ
ǰľ޴̨棬ӦеĶһϤУ̨ƺĶ
ðΣʧУ
ˣʲô㣬ûмȡ޾갡괫㻹һ޾ãüžġ
ոԨ˵ֹͣ޾ꡱΪ¾޾ľ
ǵġԨ粦˹İҡͷ
棬ʲô
Щ޵ľŸߵ磬ǲܿԨѪСر仯ģԲ֪Ԩζ𾪡
ĵһѪ⾫ĽᾧҵѪСأһѪ̳ԨĹֽǺ㣬ɫһ̬ҵĸоѪ̳
һѪɫ解䣬鸡ŵѪ̳



ʮ Ǳ
ʮһ顰޾ꡱԡ̫ԨѪСأһѪļ̳
ħ㾡ȫļ̳߰˳ƣ
ѪСذյ̳ѪӲӣӨ͸ۼ̲ؼ
Ѫ̳ԨΪ֮̾̾Ѫ̳Ĺ
֮̾࣬
ΪһѪ̳
Щ޾ꡱĵڡħ̥ڲڸۻʴֱаڵɹ󶴴ʱ衰ɷħǡɷħȡѪ⾫ɡ
ƫƫôһƵѪ̳˶Ρ
Ѳȥ롣
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Ҳˣһζλ纣Х㣬Ԩĺ𣬡ôأЩǿվ޵ľѪӦúͿٻͥСһһδεݣ𣿡
ȻԨѪСص쳣ҲԵɡ
ΪԨЩ޾ꡱ֮󣬰Ѫ⾫Ѩϣ翪ٵذ㣬ƾ
ѪСԽɾӿѪԽ࣬ԽԨС
ңûбȥû뿪ѪСǰԨɽģ˶Ѫţ飬ǰ㡣
ûϵ뿪ãһжˡ
˵ѪСأûϵǰ㣬˶˶ѪΪѪ
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ԨѪС֮䣬֪ƾõºͼϵû֪ⷽʶͼء
ûоòʣСѯʡ
ԨţѪСص쾰ĬĬһӣûκβʸУúܲ
ô˵꾪档
Ѫ̳ڲصΪáԨȻ𣬵ҴǣԿ
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ڴ󶦶ȻڴİڣԨС
Ȼ䣬ӴڱڵħѤܣ߲ҰĹ㣬ɫɫȪȳζ˱ǵ
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ԨȣһУʽ⣬ͨëϸףڱǣѨϣѸ塣
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ΪЩ͸ɷħЭ˴
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澭ӿĽӣӯŰѪ
澭磬ָЩѪอǣЩصƣٶѸ
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ʮڰ澭֮ҲЩѪ̳ڽ͹Ѫ⡣
֮ǵ˴ֱҩ
อٺѪ⣡
ûķ̫ʱ䣬ɷħĴ򰾣ɵ˴ѾȬˣҸΪļǿ
Ԩ۾ָӿ
ҲƳˣԨڵУڡħ̥ĹϴʱԨѪⱻƻĳ̶ȣ
Ҳû뵽ڶ̶ʱڣԨָܻ
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Ԩͷԥһ£ڶöѪ쵤ȡһ븹С
Ƭ̣öѪ쵤ѪҩЧȻѨڣ³ɵѪ̳ɡ
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·ǣѪ̳ڲŵѪΪţɫı䡣
Ũ䵭
Ѫ̳ĹģСû˶ı䡣
Ѫ̳ѪСأǳһˮء
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һöҩԹӦͨѪ̳Ѫ
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Ԩ˷ܵ
Ľףǻܿ죿껶ߵÿһףָơ
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Ѫ̳ȻܸԨƵټĴڣԨڴ˾ƣ᲻˼˳Ѹ١
ΪĽ׺ͻƣһƶ
ƣԽɷħԶĸ⣬أ׾ȵȸʴѪ⣬ɵȥƻݻǡ
Ǹһٴ޸Ĺ̡
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ѪСصѪ̳֣Ԩһ⣬ֻҪгѪ⾫ԴܱѪ̳Ѹٻ
Ѹٵ˴Ѫ⣡
ҲζţͻƣѸޱȣ
ֻҪѪ̳ûб⣬ҾڶʱڣͻƵڣڣԨǼҪ޵Ѫ⣬̲Ѫĵ裬ͨѪ̳ͨɷħѸͻƴ˾ִ΢
Ѫ̳ҪӯѪ̳תϢ
ֻҪгѪԴܾѪ̳һͻƣʱɡ
޵ɷħڵħѪѪҩĵ裬Чܶࡣ룬˵ǿޣ飬ĵ裬Լʳһ㡣
֪



ʮ 
ħ
һƬƬ꣬¼ԡųһԯһɽ籡
̤ҽ֭Һ㣬ڻڡ
һηİƣĵѨϱ
ھԪ񾳴ڴˣһۿѪСأһҽ̶
ҽ̶ڣ֭ˮӿţ̲űըܡ
̶ˮ֮УƮżұʢš
ħȻôˡ
ԯŰŮɽڣ̤˵ݵҲòϣ츳ϣԶ
ħ˳ħһ԰ħħ޴һͷų·һҽ̶ڶʱڣɺƴֲܿ񳱡
ħʤڶڱ㡣
ħߣҪѰڶ緢Ļɽûҽڣħ뵽ѪСء
ֽĳħڣħСߣҲ
񲻾õԯٴμҫʱˡħԳħĻɽҽ֭Һ˳š
䣡
ڷҫԯԣһƬƬĳ꣬죬ŵζ
ллˡһЦݲá
ҫڰ֣֪Եġ
ħ޳ˣһͨ쵺ˡԯһĻ꣬һƬƬչǾ֮ٴξۺΪʧĽһǰ³ǵĳûȥˡ
ǼŻذ³ǣǼȥͨ쵺ǸԨСӰҫЦŵ٩
ԯһ˵Żذ³ǣ
ҫŶһԨˡ
һԯȻһ𣬻ŵôˣ
㿴ҫָԯ˵޷粻ˣҾ˵ЩԣӦЩݵģ
ԯɫ죬ӻ
иܣδԷҫ˵
ڰ³ǺԨȽӴȻΪħɣܶԨǼ½ĳλϹֵһƷֻꡣ
ԨᾴηȴΪΪЩԶеϲ
һϹְôϣħʽɣλİŮ
ԣҫĵЦڶУģеӦ
Ԩôˣԯ
ŵ
ҫһָͭǮˣȥ֪죬һж캵ձˡȻأͭǮѷ磬ȴڵϲ֪١ħ̻ͨᣬԪڣںڵˣ˿̶Ѱ
̯֣ҫܾؼǣû֪ȥ˺δ
ԯ˳һ˲˴룬Ҳȥ

İá
Ԩ㵤¯һԿףһͷ
ȥˣ
Ưǰڴ󶦣Ͷ깵ͨţ˶֮󣬾ѪСأô޷פ
ոգɷħҪطѪСʱųˡ
ռǷصġɷħȻܹǰǰһ롣
ԨҲе㵲⣬ԣɷħ̤㲻ˡ
Ȼɵˡ
ɷħڸյšɷħ࣬ԶٷŹ
ɺȻ䣬շġɷħطѪСأǾͻƽܶ鷳
Ѩϣ󶦵ϢͻйױΪǿ߿á
Ļݾͻֱӱ¶ºܲ㡣
ӦǱ˴壬ĸӲ棬ΪĻҡ𸴣Ѫ̳Ǵ⣬û覴ãûʵģ֮Ѫ
Ԩһ㶣㱻뿪ҲΪ
ӦˡӦʵ˸áѪ̳ѪСأһ취Ѱһ֮ء
ԨȻ֪ôˡ
⣬ͷ۸γȥ
ʮһ顰޾ꡱѪСͳһѪֽ̳ǰµպãʱȥˡ
ǰûҪħ׼ĵ಻ʺϡ
Ҫڳȥ֮ѰҺзѪޣרŹħޡĵ裬ͨѪ̳͡ɷħ˳سˡ
ļƻֻҪ뿪˵ãȥͨ쵺һЩ
Ȼȥûŵҿû޹
еĻȥһ˻
ΪƵʥأޣеĻҲһͷľ
ҪģǱܿĸ֪ɱһЩްޣ˳ƾ
ڵľΪڻɱޣע⡣
ֻҪû캣磬鷳
ڡ
ǰ⣬İãǱڶǿߡ
ʲôëħʹмλۼҲһ죬ЩŴ˵ʲô
ǣҪͨԿ뿪ϸ΢󷨶ҲػᾪЩˡ
һ棬籩¶ã뱩¶ǰĹϵ
һ棬׼Щ˵뷨ͶҲԤϲɱж
һ߳ã˲仯սִ췭ظԼڵ;磬ָͱӺˡ
ҪӣϢ뿪ĳͻǶһ
֮Ԩ˷Ÿʲô취ܽìתơ
ҪìܣתƵϣ
֮Ϊλţһϣеصļֱ޷졣
ԨǽĺףźĽӴҲƲ
ħʹˣûᵽķλͶҲ֤һ¶㹻
Ȼţû˭жôµ
Ԩģ֪ǽ򺣵׵ͷǿվޣôеĿע˲תƵͷϡ
Ԩãħʹ⼸λǱߣۼĵ죬ʵĿ꣬Ȼ
ԼҲΪ
ͷǧǰٵأѹǽ򺣵׵ľޣӦòЩеĻԴͷ
Ǻӵ춯ޱ䣬пܺأ
βܣڴİãƵﱩ¶ء
Ԩ򦣬˼ڤ룬ҪѰһ·
һͷԼʣע⵽һѪɫ塣
壬ѪСصѪ̳ŲЩ
壬ͽһõѪ̵İ磬ȥǽǰġ
Ѫ̵ⶫ᲻ʲô



ʮһ ͼذ
½Ѫ̡
ճѪˮأȪİ磬񣬵˼糱
зţ壬½ƣţشš
ѪԵʯ̨ڷһϾףʼҫŲȻ⡣
ѪأԻ񣬾Ȼ棬ҲŨѪˮţһֲѪ¡
棬˴Ӵڲ©Էȱݣüֲ
ȻǼһԵɫףĪ
ǻȻףҫ
ݺύѪɫߣ鲼׵ÿһγɴССʮУ̺ȼѪꡢǿ̡۵á
˿̣׵ҫεңȻ˱Ѫ
صУҲ˲䱻ϡ
Ѫˮ񣬺һɲǺ϶Ϊһۣٴۣһ˫ɺͻļµĹâ
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зɳԹƯǰĿڴǶһѪϵ˸ţޣѷֱϢ
ȻʧЦүĳ
˵ţһָͷһѪ
ָѪһѶϢʱɫ
ѪӳƮ
Ǽɫףǻ۰㣬ķʽϣõΣ龫ֵʣг
һɲصѪأɺѪĻ
Ҫǰͨ쵺ţ

֪졣
ҫԯҡڵأͭǮڵ
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𪣬ԯأ۾һæȥǲٸʵףҲ֪ءǾҪ֪Ԩǲڵϣ
ҪΧԨԯ
ȻǡϽͣҪ֪䣬ܹؼҪͨһЩ顣
նԯأ˿Ī⡣
ħϷĪ⣬ʼ磬η壬ҲΪ˸ǳħֻعǵضˣǳħڳٳû˹Ϊͬħ˳㲻Ӧøм𣿡
⻰һԯɫˣٴĪ⣬ֻǶ˵ʲô֪ǹֵġ
ף
̻ͨһԶ
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һӵĻȻ١
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Ѫ̵ˣ
ᵽǹɷͬСɵĶһ˾
ʮһ˫ɺͻȻһϣһ켣ڶɢеš
ţأںһûһؽ
ͻȻĬ
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ħĲлܱ꣬ġɷħԨڰͫеģŮʳƺΪĹħ
ͬΪħһ壬һλͣڵ޾нڡ
ɷħλɭɭʵĺɱһΣõġǺٴξһ㡣
ԣΪȡΪ
Ӵ֮ͽкˣȻɣһƻ󣬴Ȼ𣬽ű籩һ붦Сء
ˣҪһЩʱ䣬ЩǺԤҪʱ䣬ڼ䣬²ٴΪսעһ¡
Ԩã֪ˡ
ĴӦΪŵ֮˵ûв´뱻뿪ӿûŵ㣬Ͳܺͨõɡ
벻ͷŵصӣɲù
ˣϹҪӦ롣
²⡣
½㣬ݼŵ֮
ޣẉ֮̂
׽ǣԸӽ֮Чŵ֮
һλŮһ췢꣬һͷ޽ǵΰӣɢںԱߣҲûһƬǽĴأȺߺ



ʮ Ͷ
ϵܣҪԨ
ͭǮͷһӰӹһƬ£Цߺһ
ݼ뿪ĸڣͷһͭǮô

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ԣڻͷˣȥԨ
֪Ԩںδʡ
ͭǮ˵ͷ
Ǻһĵķš
κ󣬾ͼһ⣬ڰ֮ţֱǰǡ
ڣξܣͭǮ͵رɫԨĵϴκ˵ǺĵһӣξܣȥķӦþ죡
ŵ֮΢
ͭǮ
ξܣԨͼıɣͷһ𣬷ٶȣʱһأڣӦûô󵨣ԨλܣⷽŵأξԨ֣
ξܴ˿ɲǡͭǮ硣
˲ٶԣɺ磬Ǻĵȥ
Ƭ̺
۹ϷĴ½㣡ͭǮһϪӣţɫһ½㣬߼˱ĺΪŵΪȥǺĵˣ
۹ڣ׽ǣڿһˣ̤һ׵ΰ󺺣׽Ҳ߼׵磬ôҲǺȥˣ
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ͬΪݵаħͭǮأûŵء
뿪ͭǮ߱Ǭ½Ҳʶ˲аħһ۾Ϳ½㣬׽Ǻͻ޵ͷ
Ҷͬ·ˣԴ½½ͳݣ˴˻гͻ
ԷĵȽսõĺܡ
½㣬׽ǺͻޣȫҲǲͳ̵ֱ֮ܽڱڱɭ֣ڳĮС
λ߼ĴͬͭǮĻξ׽ǺͻޣͭǮԸǵࡣ
ķԱ޺׽ǿƣš
ξܣѵǱǾ˵ģ
Ϊִ̻ͨ£ҲЩǬ½شλ߼Ĵκһλ൱ڻξǿߡ
ξܣȻŻξڵΪλ߼ҲԲ
Ϊξܵ룬Ϊͷ
ͭǮһҲִǺͼܱһƬҲɱĺۼܶѪϹǡ
йһսͭǮ΢΢ɫں䶨ȿһۺϷƮŵ߲ƣֿǻΪ˵½㣬޺׽ǣǣͺڵξ֣ܽ
ͭǮôҲˣͷ޽ǵΰ󺺣Цţµ׵ţһߣڸ첲ϣǰɽ壬˵ӡռˣҲ޼ҿɹ鰡
̬ĻޣЦţͭǮͷþò
½ǲһԡ
ͭǮֻʶûйʲôûŵؼɫ硣
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ͭǮ۾һ̻ͨᣬҪԸӡ
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ξܣͭǮһ
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Ԩƾʲô˵ξܣ
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ŵ֮ŵشѹξܣ
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ԨʲôΪĴһۣһ£֪ˡ
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˵˲ڣԨ
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ڴף׿͵س£ͼϪȪӲٲ
ϪȪٲڣһββ鶯ҫۣ;Ȼã׵ı

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˴½еģһµļ԰
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߼ˮڴ˷УЧң˭ܾܾ
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ѿӡɷħ߳Ԩɫ
ԨӴʱ䲻̣֪粻ߵݼүƢɲСֶҲ
ȻҲ˵е㲻Ϲذ
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ޣ׽ǵΰ󺺣ͬڴؿźĵ
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ʼվãŵصļ֮ԺƵѹξܵˣ룡
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ŵ˹ϵٺãҲˣû⣬ʲôʸң
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棬ɼڵĴˮ֮ܣеˡҡҡͷ̫ͬҪҲķʽɣ
ô˵ǲ룬ֽ
һδγ˶ֶֻ֮μҵ㡣½Ȼĵһ˫Щŭ⣬ƾñˣˣ֣

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һشصĲɫ磬ᶾ֭ҺĸʴζڵĹȻɳ㣬
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½㺧Ȼ̧ͷԨ
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˿̣ƿءĻ󡱵ˣλ˵еŵˣλݼҵү
ξǰֻǱڰԨֿ죬Цɭ䣬ξΪˮžտˮƫƫҪ
ξǵôĻ󡱷£λڵĳϣɾͲôˡ
Ҵˣ֪ˡʱ½ڻңٿԨֻǿͷˡңҳͶŵˣ



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ξڣҵ죬벻뿪𣿡
ţ죬Ϊ̻ͨӡķ
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ֻҪӡͣھͻ棬ؽɡ
ӡ̻ͨĹڣ֪ġ
̻̬ͨȣӡܷûŵ㣬ܲ˳Ҳܡ
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ңȲ֪ξҲеԩҪ֪ǺĵڣҾ
㣬ǵ˭
ݼңԨСӣɡξ̾
Ԩ

߲ԨԦšɷħá
شصĲɫ𣬴ӺˮڣӰУݡ·ɻţˡĻ󡱡
´ݼˣ̬ǫ㣬̬͵㡣
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Ԩ˼ʱ½ڴףڻŵ㣬һһߡ
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ţ߲ڵڴ󶦣ڵԨͭǮȻ;ãѡǶԵġ
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Զ벻ȳֵġĻ󡱣ǰԨķԸ£ҩܴ졣
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Ԩˣȴûз룬ǵҳЩҪôȥǣҪôڸޡ
գšɷħš
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Ԩá󡱣ѵ½Ƿûȫ
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רȹƣңҪڶʱڣ뵽ڣٵڣԨһҪ磬ⷽأĴȷʵд

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ԨںĵҪôѪ̳ԡɷħǣҪôȻɱһͷͷȽ弶ޡ
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ڣλ۹ֿͣȥħµ۹۹ǡںͷŵΪصĺͺ߲µĵ졣
䣡䣡
ĵ츽ĴأҵĶ
ףǽŵˣǱ𣿡ΪһˣŴضźĵϿյӿסˣǰļƣڵУĳϫ



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һˣŮΪ԰·򸾡
˵УΨһߣ񣬿ݲ
شźĵĻۣʵ˷͵죬ר˽ء⣬˸òġ
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ϣֻڡɷħеԨоص׵Ůʡ

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Ůʵʧȥǣʹ˹
Ůʴ͵ٴα鶯ٴξ
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Ҫ鵢飬Ϊ;֣Ȼסûŵش֡£ҵԭһͷ͡
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ӱ½㣬ɫ졣ͭǮҲȻʧɫ
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˵˭ءһ̾ǶҪ棬ȥԼЩĴҲûôྫȥ׽ûǰûŵصģõĽ
˵ʱɷħԶʥǣȥ
֮һʱ䣬Ԩ½½أֿһЩңֻ弶ںܶû͸ǳؼ߲ɱ
鷳塢ޱ뿪Ǭ½һҡ
Ǽ졣
ҪԨͣ£ָԶĴ󣬵͵ˣǰһ
Ԩһ£ͷ
㱣ء´󶦡
ԨЦЦɷħϹѨ롣



ʮ Ľ꣡
󣬶ˮɽҰ
˷أ۹ͻҫ۹룬
޲ڣӯڶǧٹֵϡҩݡ
ڴ˵Ļʮ񣬺ϵⷽء
һԨҲ֪Ǭ½ʵʺҩֲĵطǱ̷ɽǻ
ֻϧлڴ˷ҩȾָ˿
ǰҩڣͻûʲô
ҲһΣڴͬ£ڴ߶һ
ȻʱĴ޾̫ߣܵľ棬ڣֻȻȥ
λأ쳣⡣
ڣħûʲôøУӲύҲ߳
һԨṳ֮̂·޵ڣû뿪
ⷽҩڵһѹҪУߺͻύֲϡҩݡ
źǣ񲢲ҩڵĿֺá
һٶ꣬Ϊ˵Ԩ̤֮·ҩʦߵݣڴ˷

ʽֻŸոأûü࿴Ԩ͵һ
ȻԳ֮ɫ
ݷֱ۹ڣǱ˺ܾúܾõĽ꣬Ȼ̤һȻѹ
Դûŵأñ۹ǽ꣬ںǽʲдĽâ޵ĲдǣʧԺ󣬽ľңڳʱϢ״̬
ֻڰԡۼͻڤʱ֪ꡣ
ǽ򺣵ףʱҲȡǽʣԽö㽣Ϣﲻ
棬ýʵҲֻǳ
״ýϢǽ̺ĽâͷţԼΣ
ʱգʵײʧڲصĽâʣࡣ
꣬Ǳ
ͻȻ䣬·ӳ˯б˹ʲô
Ԩ֮ʣϢ֪
ڤڤУһߣ۹ǵĽϵ
ĳж˽꣬ԵǱõȻһɲ
Ҳһɲ
һɲǣ۹еĽ꣬Ԩδܹķʽصĸ
Ԩ˶޷ᵽԼı۹ڣôһƽڡ
ڿ˸Ϊ˼ۣ
ӡڱ۹֮ϣݺύ֯Ľ۽ӡȻ࣡
ͬʱϹѨɷħڵĶ꣬ҲһӺԨʱϵصĺͽһ
֪ʱͻȻ̧ͷ졣
Ļձɾһ룬ɫգȻǦɫ
죬һ˲䣬类ɫĻڱΣ
һ޴ڵƮʶϣڴڻÿһ䣬Ȼֳ
ԨŴ죬ͻȻΣ˰ǹ·ͷţϸ´̽ĸо
ָоôʵôĹŹ֡
һݳɬ˹
ʶ̽
ϵ˷ĻΪʮһ֮䣬ʶأ
κ˷飬Ҳգ壬壬ֻҪлǺѪ⶯򣬶ᱻ̽
ʶ
ͬһʱ䣬̤飬Ǽʮ֮仯ͷݳ൱ͷʶһһ
Ȳʵĸоͳ˺Сһ
ԨĸоУȴ׹޾ڰ尾
Ȼ䣬еգǦɫֱտɫ
ȻȻһƣ·ʲôûб
ɸУӳͷԨ֪ĸ֪̽Ѿȥˡ
仯죬ұɱε۾˵ͬһʱ䣬ܶҰˣĻޱ䣬ʵֻĺ͸֪ˣԨü
Ҳһ̣۰Ǳ䵭Ľ۽ӡָֻ
ϹѨĶ꣬ĵأϤϢ֡
Ԩ̼ףǶ꣬ᵽ˻ʶۣΪ˷ֹƳ£͸Ͻصĸ
Ӧãûбʲôɣ
йһûкͽͶȥϵ¶ģûбҪĻȥɷħȥĽʣǱ۹ڵĽꡣ
ף
üһоһ˿ޣ϶ϵڱ۹ǵĽ꣬ʹĳγɡ
꣬ƿ֪ϵĴʱ䣬һӡ
ŪλϵҲͶϾˣǱ
ʲô
ǸԨüɲҪǣλն´һѹаɣǺͰ޵ǰ׽ͷǰ㣬Ӿʹˡ
ɻʽ룬Ǹλȥ
໣
Ƭ̺޵Ӧص𶯡
һӣͷһͷͷļ弶ޣγ޳أ˴⡣
޷׷뿪ڲȻ˴䡣
ţԨܿЩȥȺϵѪڴڱн߲̽
·һˮ̶ŲԵ̶棬һȥˮԨ΢΢ȡ
ʱ
۵ϪԣһÿÿݻƵӣܶڲݡ
϶࣬ӯʺ滨ݵǰڣ洦Ƽҩݡ
ˮӣڲݣڴأֻǷ鼶ҩݶѡ
ҩֻҪĺܺã͵Ƚ׵£ǿ̡
ڣֽϵ͵ȼҩݣ׷׿ή
ıأôݽˣԨۣתͥСأ
Ԫ̩ܹ֮ͨëϸףʱʱ̳̿塣
Ȼ֮Ԫ̩֮δܺڱһȡ壬ͥСء
ͣԡҫ֡ʩɫúܹ졣
оûصشϡģһЩ۹䶼١ԨѹЩޣ׷״Ӵߡϡ٣谭޵ĽףӰĴ
ԽǸ߼ޣԽ
ԣЩż˼߼뿪ʱع飬ӦþǺı仯йء
͵Ƚ׵ޣЩǣܹΪ˵ĴҪࡣ
ɣҲҪġ
ҪǴڵϡļ弶ޣֻı·ӴǨƳȥˡ
һƣ϶΢ϹѨ괫
ûʧֻۼжѡƺе֮ӿȥ񣬽ɢ޴ڵΪһ㣬ˡ
Ψֱ֪㣬ǱأԨϵ
Ԩһ
£ۣΪڣҪʲô
ȡĴãЩֻ뿪
˾ޱ䣬Ҫãоǻ񣬵ʲô
ûиӦ
Ԩһˣڴ߶ţҪҩźܶ͵Ƚ޵뿪
ΪǬ½ѱصĻԳһ˥ܵ
Ԩ֪ӦֻǶݵģֻĳŵ³ġ
պȻҴԶУӲӣХţ޵ŭ
ԥһ£Ϣĵؽӽ
Ƭ̺һȺҫ۹ˣͼޣΧסնɱȻһͷͷ޵ʬ壬һյĽӡ
ޣȼߣ弶ӡ
޵ʬ壬ƿڣ˽ȥ
û̫ãͿһؽȾѪ޹ǣӽӵ˳ȥ
ˡһŮӽкȻ
Ԩ˱ܣ֪Է׼ȷҵ



ʮ 
СΣ̷;ҫɱ⡣
һ֪˲ķ
ڵŮᣬ崺磬ͷ·˼֡
ԨУǶŮѶĤ¡¡أͷʹѣϵδѨϣҪǰѿ
Ԩɫ䣬ҪʱһӰٿȻ
ˣȻ񾳼̬ӣ׷Բԣһλӵͷ
ʲôȽףԨܱ𣬿Ǭ½κε۹ߣСǹ֮
ħµ۹ĹǣҲ
ˣǰ񾳵ͷڻҫ۹ͷСݵλ
ͷһ̹ܣӣ¶һڻԨһЦС
̹ڣطɳӡ
ǣϸ£Ԩڷ֮Χס
ȴûһǣ䵽ԨϣûѪ⡣
ӣƯأө㣬ҫţͷŹ
ԨɬһЦ£ӣƤЩǣε˵ǰҲ;˵أǵĴһ۰ˡ
Ļâڽ̫ޡҫ֡Ԩ˵ʵûֳǰ¡
ֻǣͷɡ
ĻẦ˵ġź̵ͷգ۾Ŀ⣬ԨͷſһŤͷԺС˵һС̫⡣
Сԣмʮҫ۹зɫͼߡ
ҫ۹ĴӣߣǬ½ɽûʱΪ¶ϲ־۵
ܱܶ鷳ʡȴν
ɫģεĶƣͷŹâǻҫ۹Ķر־
ֻеõҫ۹ϿɵģˣŹʸ˷ʽؼ䡣
ҫ۹۹ͻԶͽŻֵ
ҫ۹ˣҪӦôһߣڴ˽Ȼ෴룬ǰһʲô
Ԩȡ
Ǵ۹̤룬ҫ۹ˣɴڵġ
ǣһҫ۹ˣ֮ǰ۹
һˣԨȤǲżˡ
ͷɡСڣٴ
ħµ۹档ͷʣԨʶȤԱǱߴȥˣ˵ҵļʶλˣƺⷽ󡣡
ź̵ͷ㶣ӵܣ
ֱϵԨ̾һҲΪǳϴУҲܻ֮ǰûŵأȻ۹ʥǴһӣ˵󶯾֣
Ұͷ°ͣŰɡ
һ·áСڣû¶ŮӣԸһ䣬˵ˣ·ɡ
󼸸ȾѪĹͷӽӵ£׳ȥ
һں̣ͷأ³Ǻ̹ܣԨ򣬡ԹҪɶ͸ɶ
ͭƵ̹ܣԨϣɽ
ɸովɷħϴӣǧԨǺ̹ûʵܿܡ
أƺһϥһ䣬һҪµļƣæŶ֪ˣ
ͷ⣬˵ͷ̹һ
еĻӣȫ̹棬ûмԨ񣬡ҡ
ѹԨӳģź̹ܣߵĲݴڣ̵󲿶ӡ
ǰڲݴԵԨֱͦҡͷһЦԹԸ˹ȥ
ͷųɷħٻǰˣֻᾪ
񣬻ʲôһ³ɾ͹׼ˡ
ǣͻλǰҩūӦҲڻ󡭡
䣬Ūǰҫ۹ЩˣͷˣЩʲôĺδȥ
֮ա
Ԩʱ䣬Ĭԣ
ҲŪˣճ麵̵ͷھ硣
Ǽңڻҫ۹һĴ塣
СεŮӣ˵ֻ࣬ʹˣЩܵļ弶֣նɱЩ˽ӡ
Ԩ۲գѿͷСǲ޷Ѫ֪ڲĶҲȷڣмˣǲǡˡ
λҫ۹ѣɫζƵӣǼˡ
˵ϣ΢Ϣ
ߣϢߵĵ
ߣݣڻҫ۹УСεŮӣ
ޣնɱ֮СΣѪⲻֻйͷ׳
ԨһЦĵһ²⡣
СεŮӣǺ͵ܽ㣬Ǳеģν˶
ܽŮӾȻߣʱá
ڶޱŽȥ֪ǱʳǱˡ
Щ۰Ժݵ壬Ҳ·Ԩĥţһͷݷһһ񣿻Ҫ



ʮ ּ
ԨԹڵġ
ܽɹӹΰ
λûŵ߼˪֮󣬱ʳѪ⣬е˪꣬Ǳá
λߣ֪ԨǲСεŮӣȥȴʵĻᣬҪʹɱ֡
뵽ԨһЦȻûľ
㻹Цó
һں̣֪ʲôȻڿЦڻͷҡҡͷСӿӲ̫á
ֹһ졣
ϡɫİһľïּ䡣
Ⱥҫ۹ͣȻּͣ¡
Сڣͻ
ҹɫһƬļïּ䣬һǼҺߣĿԡ
壡壡
ôͻأðô˷أƽ˼ֹɭ
һѰ˸յأһƨµԨЩëȻ
ҹĽҰ룬Сڴ̸öĤʹ
һŤҵζԨŽͷǡ
ڴʲôˡ
֪λСεŮӣַʽԼλñ¶Ȼǵȴʲô˽

һشػӰӰ˷ӿ룬ӰӰ´µȻ֡
ҹɫĺڣЩƾðĻӰּ¶轵аŵģõС߿񱼶ӡ
Ȼ̤·˵鲻˾ռ֮ϡ
СĻ飬Уʹ׸Ҳû
һͷ೤Ļ飬Ѷʱ͵ֹס
ͷ飬һĺϽˡ
ԨֻãϹѨɷħᵽ
ʱ֪ͷĻ飬ɷħؾա
ǰʮӰûѪʵĻ飬͸ԵϢǡܹɷħɣпɱΪɷħĻ
ЩӰּǻţʼη壬ҽӽ
ǶСεŮӣЩɻǵأ
ԨȻ
ϹѨڣĶ꣬͸ͷȻѶЩӰп־֮صϢһһںϣǿ֮
ɣԨǳ⡣
͸ڵԨԴޡۼͻܣõɷħͬ󣬶֪Ҫִ񾳣ɳȥ־֮ء
˵־֮Ȼʺϻڴ˽ףڶܹɷħĻ飬ʽʵ
ǿ־֮أѪ㣬ֻԻε
ԨͻƵ񾳣ɷħǰ־֮أնɱǿ飬ɷħô˶
ǽİĹͳźƺƵ飬ǳԿ־֮ء
ϧǰĹ̫ǿˣʱԨɷħһҲԶ˻Ķ֡
˿ּðģһشصĻӰҲӿ־֮ضΪСܱɷħ
ǣ궯ˡ

ӿڶ飬ܵĸӦǱصвСŮӵȻѸȥ
Ƭּ̺ûһػӰڡ
ˣͷС㣬̫԰
һλҫ۹ȴϢߣɫЩ飬Ӧñ͹׳ġټǣǹԹԵأӣǲȥġ
λǣҲô˵ġͬ󣬡˵Ĺȣ꣬Щ̫׵ԲŽصԸּ䣬һ죬͸ˮɵġ
ԨţݳŹЦݡ
һյλߣзѪ⣬Ȼײб壬СӣЦʲôʲôЦģ
һĿ⣬Զ˲۶
ǾȤѡԨ
Ȥλߣ𣬻Ȼǰ
֣ңңԨͷǹǣȻС˵ҪҪɱɢĲл꣬Щ
ģ΢Сγɡ
ѪӣһϸεóУһԨʶ
Ժ꣬ͬʱǱ˾нţҪԿǡ
ûͻƵ񾳣뿪Ѫ⣬һҲɢˡ
ڶǼˣЩߣĮ飬ƺҲʧΪһð취
еĺ̹ܣȻЦ
ͷǹǣֻҪ˷һ̾ͻԨͷλĳߣȻںǺЦš
Ԩѹ֪Լѱ֡
治֪ô޵СУλδ¶Ůӣһ䣬Ȼ˵ѪǣȻҪࡣҪŪţ滹дá
󡣡
вˬ¶ֵλߣһ֡
ԨȻЦԨЦϣ˫мڽ֮ɫ۾֪ΪΣ˵Ĺܡ
Ϊ˫۾УûƼһ˿źͿ־塭
лɱ֮ԺԨЦ˵
ñվҪһһˡת߿Сԣѹʲô
˵Ļƺ򣬲۵۹Ǽ֪
ʱСٴηɶЩ׷Ҳ׷ϡ
峿
һ˸մïּ䣬ͼһλŮӣ޵ѣ֦չأڵȺ
Ԩ̧ͷһۣסˡ



ʮһ ̻
ԨǣӢ׺ݵŮ󸣬ȻҲС
Ųɫȹʩ˷󸣬Щ࣬һʲλЦݵŮУҲԵø롣
˸ǰķΣģɱս
˿̵ȹϵأڿɣ滹źܶ໨Ԩһ£ʱ
Ūӣڵ󸣬ʼʱûע⵽
ΪԨȺ档
ðģǶСΣȻ򣬻λߣǼˡ
Ԩڶ󷽣Ⱥţۡ
󸣬ӦһĿ⣬Լϣſ͸Ⱥȥע⵽Ԩʱλ۹Ů΢ϵı鶼סˡ
󸣡
㯹󣬺ȻҲһվСԣͷԵ˵ôڻô
󸣡ԭµ۹λбĽ

ҫ۹Ǽˣλߣ
Ⱥʶ˲ࡣ
ȻǬ½۹ͻҫ۹Ǻպ
Ͼͳµ۹ľӣ۹ҫ۹йСģս
ʱҪͳ۹ɱڳ۹׽֪ǳײУ۹ɱ˲գ۵Ѫħͷ
۹ҫ۹ֻйνСͻ˲ࡣ
ƫƫǼй档
Ϊʱ̫ˣӡЩģɹһӣǼˡ
ۼȺǾޱȣͽͷˡ
Ǽˣߣ֪λµ۹ŮҲΪ֮𶯡
۷׷֮ʣһͷСУˣ
һ䣬͵ػͷеĺ̹ܣ󷽵Ԩ˵棡벻ɣڻڣܼҵĴ潫
СڣŮӵöЦ
ŮӣƺⳡȤ
桭
󸵶üëһһ˫۾˲Ԩ
ԨһӲͷƤֱ߳ȭҽ棬û

һԼ侲³Ǳߵģҵϵ֧֪㣬Ϊλڻ󣿡
ԨȻס
Ϊλ۹ŮһڽҴĻԣʵ
ûϵ󸲻ûнҴȻڡ
׼һ˵ǣòϣһӶ֪ôӻˡ
Ԩ˼ǲΪͨ쵺ԼƣŻˣ
һͻȻ֣һλϴ˵ˣֱ֮Һͽ㶼ԭԡ
λʮ̬꣬ĸˣһ΢Цͷʾ⣬ӦõģȻˣŰɡ
л󣬺Ȼȵ
Ŷ
һͷˮԨôһ˵Ͻȥ
¡
֮ǰڣλҪնɱԨߣҪ߳ʱ
ˣûȥһԨ
λĸˣָָԼܣ
̴ԧĸ΢Ц
ȥȻֻҵϵӵܣһСɫܷ񽻸ǴãһȻ̧ͷǸ˵;ܻ񣬲ܶ໰֪ܶˡ
Գ̴ԧĸˣЩԥ
Է˼̴ԧˡ˼ǲš
ʣѲ࣬ģ֮١ɫɭݺݵǷһۣ˵֪λ߼˪ûŵڣڡйͨ
̴ԧͷôһ
ܴ
Сӣɡ̴ԧǾ仰˾᷽ǶСε˵ûʣ¼ˣһӣΣ
ҪûȹȥңҾӦˡСεŮӣȻ̬ȴޱǿӲôУ
̴ԧü
֮ǰԨֻ֣ˣڵһ˵ıֱ
ڻعͷԨȻһЦСӣզذ
ԨȻһЦǿɲһ
Ѿͷ
̴ԧһµʧСοֿתȰ󸣬һϵӵܣֵʦڰɣ㿴ΣѪԵϡǴðɣֶǻúȻѸƾ

ԨվһȺ̹֮Ȼ·ѹ֪ΪŬ
ֿ죬¶һڰ׵ҫ˵ݣԨЦ˵ҵ㲻ᡣǼϣչ˺Լչ˺С
ţûŵصǳʣԼģԼ
۹ĳȪӺĵŮʵߣͨ쵺־ֶһصڳıʲôʲô˵Ĵ¡
֮ǰ󸡢ò֪顣
ڣ󸼫пܱ˵ˣԺ˵Ͷ·֮£ͶԷ
磬Ůʣ캣Ȫǰλ֪ǳ̴ԧЩ˵ı󣬻˭ЩʲôţԨֿСΣҫ۹ǼңѵҲŪˣ
˵
һȻСΣҪûǴӦǾʶɣ꣬һȹ㣬Ӷ
еŮΪһĹ⣬ֱСΡ
ɣ
̴ԧͷͬʱɫ䣬



ʮ ˵
˭û뵽󸾹Ȼᱩѡ

һŮԿǺ࣬һΨͬȼǿߣܿ

΢С磬ֵڵȼ
ڳеߣǼҲãҲգȻɫ
޵񾳣лߣظӦԼһƻסҪа㡣
ڲһشػӰȼա
һ£ָЩӰЩЩ飡
ԨҲȻס
ǰЩӰǲǰһɽڣСεٻɷħĴڣֿ־Щ
ɷħжϣЩӰڿ־֮أǱָţɢּ䡣
ӰĹƻһһСΣȥ׳ꡣ
ЩñСŮĻӰԺеȼ
Ӣ
зߣɫʧС
Ӣ
һ֣Ǽˣʣµߣȫɵˡ
Ψ̴ԧ޵Ůӣƺ֪ķţûдʧɫ
̴ԧֻǼߺȣҪ侲һ㣬Ҫçײ¡
λºŮȴΪŵСϿʱ͵׹䡣
شصȼĻӰţֻĴ̶ХƣϢİƣСζȥ
򣬻зߣֹ
໣
СκȻ
һͻȻǽζ̼Ǵ
ֺһӱʮɳŰɫںɫӴһƬƬѣܶಿλ˿ɼǣڲⸯãֱܹۿľ綾ڳ͸
һͷĿ꣬ˣ綾ĥ˲֪õ
˵̬һ
شȼĻ飬Ǳ޾ˮ㣬鲼ɭɭڣһ븹
һ˫ɫâԣ˿̾һ㡣
ɫľԱ񣬿żµ󸣬³һϢ
һɫӣ纣Ĺ󸡣

󸱻һϢײȥϢɫ⣬Ȼڡ
ˣ
̴ԧüƺǰĳ棬ԵЩѿˡ
գһơ
һŨѪӿһոоľƣɫ⣬Ĵķ׷ը鱬
󸱻˲Χ
̴ԧɫһ䣬ͷһƣɢž綾ϢһϢɫ˵㻹ҽƣĻʵһ㡣
ɫϣţԲȻҫۣӸµؿ˿̴ԧ
ȶ֣
ɫôһ仰ȻСΡ

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ͷûشͨ㾧ǼС
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Ԩոעһ£֪ͷȼӦҲ߼
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Ԩ̧ͷһֻǰϪѣһ鶯ĳߣ
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ȵ꣬޵ͫĬĬǧûŵض硣
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СеŮӣܹɵشӦˡ
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ԨۣѰӿεС
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󷨣ûп֮ǰžʮʵϪӣƲĵط
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Ůٴα̬һסԨ硣
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Ƭ̺Ԩ򡢷ˣصһʪŢأӻͳһöƵӡ
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Ԩ֪ȡӣǾ߱ɱλ֪̽
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һ㣬ҿԿ϶ǼΪǿܻӻ֪ģ̴ԧ˼صھޣ£
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ܻ׽Ҳ档ָָʱķ򣬡ҫ۹ǶСΣǱģڲˣҪХͷָһ
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ھͨռе˵ʱģԵνĻʣһЦ
ɲǼ䣬Ԩǰվϲڴˣ
ԨȻһЦŻоޱ䣬
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Ұܵأ͸䣬ųĿζ
ɢһƣĿĴأɺԿѣһľҲ֪˶á
Ȼ䣬һͷڵصľӳ
ʮɸߣɳӲĺɫɽԶ͸һĲбѪѪ
ŨѪ⾫Ǿɢݿȴδȫ
ĶͷȻһ̣䡣
ǾɲǣԨͷǽΪǺҶɷħĳ
һģһľһӴ̬һбϢ
ͬǣɷħڲСصľʱʴɷħѪʣһмֵ֮
ǰͷһ
뻹ԶһۣԨžĶǵĸо

ΧžҲԴھѪ⾫Ѫӿţ͸ĺƵ΢ߣоҪϢ㡣
ȹѨϣ
ڵ漣һҪСԴ
̬ӵλ顱Լצһֻ֣ڽųѪѪ
㣬ĵ΢ֻǿܰˡ
Ӧ㣬Ϊһƫƫá
Уѵģʵ
ϸѪȻγɡ
ʩչһ־ڵѪСأԷֹͷɢݵѪƺӰ죬Ӷ߻ħ
Ǻǡ
Żڵ̴ԧվھĶͷ£ͷȣԵúС
ǻһ֣ͣ
֣а㣬˲Ѫƺ쳣ŨѪ˾˰㡣
ʩƺһǿ״ϸ˲ɢ
һױҵѪȭ㣬·ǾѪƺ͵ðػڳ˵Сأ
֡
Щյأ̴ԧһۡ
Ȼסˡ
ע⵽λѹãûпһۡ
̴ԧֻԨжϷʵζ
ԭѪҪСֻǡ΢΢üɫ죬ûʲô
飬ҲؿԨ
ͷɢݿѪƺױ̴ͨԧԺϺɵĹγһˣܹСص
⣬ΪԨ
Ҫ漵İ£ް
ߣʵԶط쳣࣬ѪСػûܳסˡ
ԨȻһ޶ԡ
ǰҪ̽ң
ԨָԼıӣȻһЦ̹ȻأͷڵصľȥͷӦû̫ãȻʱţŨҴѪʧ
û֪Ӱ죬ĵĿ
ѪСأһġ޾ꡱͳѪ̳ǷСڣų˵Ѫ⣡
Ѫ̳һ̣ͷҪǿվޣ͸Ѫ
ֿѹֵ쳣࣡
Ѫ̳ɷħûŵͨնɱޣѪǣһϴĥѾɹִڡ
ٽһ˳ͻƣ΢
ΪǵѾ˼£Ѫ⹹ϼī
һ̣Ѫ̳Ŀֻ壬ÿһϸÿһѪÿһԾԾԣ
壬·մȾѪ̳ϢԾϵŨѪ̰
ɷħڵ˾塣
̴ԧȺΣԨȻûѪСزûԤڰ㣬춯صıң֮ʣ̲ס̾
Ϊһĺ֮㣬Ϊ顱Ӱ˵ĴڣʩչԺ󣬻ǳԲ
δִ΢ֻԨȻӲܵ˾Ѫس
ߵ̴ԧһֱãֻйŻڵĶǿ
ŻʱɷħڡѸ𣬲ˣÿÿùŻںɷħڱȽϣ
ֻǣɷħڿˡ
һ̣ҪѹԨһɷħȷķڷˣҲɷħڡ
Ļһ˿⡣
̫ǿ̫죬ϳ̴ԧԳ
Ԩþò
ͻһˣͷĺӰ͵ð
˺ԶԨˣȻȭҾЦ˵ǱŹͷѪǵģ飬ҿɲ롣
諣Ԩһ죬㣿ŻڣԼ
ǽʱԹŻͷݣ뺣Ķ諣ڹŻڵһҲкŵùŻء
Ԩס룬ѵŻڣ磿
һǷͬСɣ
Żߴ֮һ۷ʱڣʶڵʸ
ֱ֮󣬹Żڻߴ֮һ
Ҫɣ׺վһ𣬾ƾϾˡ
ңŻǹŻڡЩΣͷ˵ǱʦСģʦôԸҾô
仰һζʦ磬̴ԧվһˡ
ʦڹŻʦ̴֡ԧ΢΢һЦѾͷǰʱͬŰ㡣ΪˣҾӲǻˡҲˣĺܺãΪˡ
ʦأ֪һţͰŶˡ
̴ԧأ˵ŵԵɡ
̫û£ԨƶһֽĹŻһҪ̴ԧˡ
磬̴ԧ֮󣬱ԣȻӡ
һԹŻڵˣԳһ˵˶諵ʦΪһš
Żڡ
ԨͷŲͣأ̴ԧ֮ǰվͷǰԽǰ󷽹ϡɵּ俴ȥ
սĲкƬּɢĵǣûйâ䣬кŹ⡣
뵽ɷħڲСصľҲһս
һ֣Ͳ²Ӵ󣬲бѪľǱĳǿūѱϹؾʯ㣬ЩսǺɱ
˵أ⣬ǻ󣿡
ԨתͥŲĴ飬ʳеĴɻ
Ȼںأ󡣡鳶˳ǣЦ˵ֻͨ󣬽ǺӣĳصһƬק˴˼䡣
һԨںؾͺá
ΪǰŵĿռԽ֮󣬾ʹӺأǺӡ
û񣬲ʸ⡣
ڵ̫ˣԶԶûдﵽ̽ǿյĵز
ƬڱŪڣֶοء齫Ŀջأۼ̴ԧϣ˼ˣͷСءͻʲôϵΪ
ǻ񣿡Ԩȡ
Ȼǡ̴ԧ



ʮ ɽ
˭
Ԩĺ棬֪˾ֶ߱ͨΣһƬŲˡ
ߣȻ֪ˡ̴ԧЦºͣүɷģǲẦ㣬һĶ㡣
ҲšԨ
ŲţҪô̴ԧվǾԣ˿ں棬಻ԵһۣȻһ䡣
ӿľѪƽϢͱˡ
һǿһЦ˵ллˡ
޷еĵӣȷʵһ㡣̴ԧܿ͹۵ۣһζѸͻƣ̫Ҫĵطǣ񣬶Ҫһء
ˣУٲġһãǽȥݼڵϡ
Ǻðɡ̴ԧǰ
ԨȻɫڣϣλ
˵ڵΪһλھޣΪħħλȶأȥء
ڳƺǡϡ
ѵ˵ȥعݣ
λھް
ŴԨüͷšһЩأ̴ԧǰߡ
ԽǾʬʱſ諰ĹŻڵӣֹһλ
ЩİĹŻڵӣɢھԱߣڵأùŻڴطŨѪڴǡ
諣ȻҲС
طĹŻߣͱɲһ̤󣬾ͷѪǵ졣
Żڣɷħڣ壬ںεȾ磬ѪǵĴ
Ҳˣλ۹ľˣûŵأȭͷɱķڡڵĻξǿ߷׷
Բסˡ
諿ɬһЦ̯֣һεơ
ǽʱܹԨĶݰۿԨʦųЮƣεȥҲûޡ
޹أؽ黳Ԩӻ֣ʾⲻ
̴ԧ룬Զͷ
ã˸սкʬǣҲ洦ɼ
ؿӿݣǲսĺۼ͸ļ²ɱϢ
ޱȼҵɱսߣ壬ޡһ߿ţԨһ˼š
ʱ
һλΣͷ»СɽͷȻӳ
һۿȥ;òӦ̫ĿˣܵģҪˮ
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СλˣվСɽͷ£ȷûŵʱ㻵Ҵ£û뵽ڴٴɣ
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תԻͥСصľܣлͫٴȥʱž΢һ㣬ûôˡ
Ҳڴ˿ֱ̣۹ڣŵĽ꣬ѶƼ
ط꣡
Ԩû磬ûȥСɽͷµıˣֻ¹ⴿտȻɽ
ɽһ޴ǣ
ɸߵСɽͷһڲǾ꣡
ӲӵСɽͷһѨڣ͵ؿȥСɽͷһѡ
ǵصĽâ⣬Сɽͷ͸˽âͽڵģӡ۹ǽһޡ
λն´ޣ
ǴɵСɽͷһֽ޾ɱ²峼ħϢ
СɽͷܱߵĿռ䣬ʱأ⡣
·ռ䣬زСɽͷЩԽĽâ֮£˷ռҪѰ㡣
СɽͷԱߣһλƺͨռ֮ߣزʩάϵŴ˷صȶ˲ӱ
ǶСΣҲɽ£Ⱥʲô
磬캣ͬɽ£һξ롣
ƼԨʱе⣬е󲻽⡣
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ޱȣԨѹֳصʱ̣Ѿͷ
ûκεĿ־Ͳ·Ѿͷ֪ڴˣʲô˺ͽ

ƼСɽͷʱҲãһĨ⣬Ȼ͵ǰϥŵأСɽͷͽ飬ݼʦ
˵죬ȻҽĽһԴδй˵֮ˣ޿⣬нǺӡ٣ŪأǴֱʰ
ԨȻ
ǺӵһΣɽڸأŴӺѣڣħ׽õĴޡֻһۣ֪ˣ˵ĵߣһμأ֪λն´ޡ
Ԩһ𣬡
ն£֮Ƭ׹½أȫ˷컯նµĿģȡǣΪĥʯЩ֮ƬϡѰ֮֮ǰСɽͷˡһָ
ڲǺˡǣΪĥʯĥ޾ȻǱΪѹЩ֮󣬶ȥνͽࡣ
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鿴ǶСΣһ£²ͷżӦöڽڣա
ԨĿɿڴ
֪ࡣ
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ڿһȴºˣǳԺأԼˡֻΪڣħз磬ǣű
Щˣˣ˺أǱ׷׽ãδ̫һɣ
ߵЩӦúڣħȥ˵
ݼˣ̴ԧ
ˣǴ˼ˣһͷ¶β֣ǱֻһƷֻװŪĴ֮
ǲԸʵпԣһڵķֻ꣬ǸȻԨ˵С磬ȥһˣƿЩ˳



ʮ 
Сɽͷɭϣڽصаħɡ
ҵʦһͷżľֻƶϳ
δ֪ģȻ࣡
˼ˣºͣҪԨȥһ˽Щͷţ̬ʵǲݾܾġ
ԨüͷԶԶ˽һۣû
ҪûͲڴһϮۣݵˣˬʵشЦС磬ʵڴˣ˵ûŵأλ񽣵ĽʱҾˡ
һԨȻɫ䣬Ǳߵѵ
µûص˸϶𸴡
Ԩ˲ʶǱ𪣬ϣһ˻󣬾Ȼйء
˵ص󣬲ȻܰӰľߡ
ҲڹֻǷ¡
ѹ̴֣ԧֱܷʵݣ֪ͷ
ԼĵȻڴ˼˵İУԼվǰ̴ԧֽСδ룬˺󣬵Ȼʲôˡ
ȻҵĵָĳˣôŮʵıǣ
뵽Ԩأֻòڻ󣬴еĻҪ֡
ȪƿĻ󡱣ֶνŮʱµȡ
λˣӦҲпܣķУŮʵıǬ½Ůʱ£̬̬ٴ
С磬ʵÿǡİۣСɽͷƮţƵؽӽԨֳλĽʣڻн꣬ԺܰȫЩ˳ལ⡢â㻹ܻ򣬻Խռ漫󰡣
ƻѭѭյأȰԨ
վСɽͷԨĻҡҷһξȻأСɽͷȥ
һ䣬δ̫˰ɣ

߰Хз͸ǰ㣬ֱԨĻǡ
һأСɽͷнеԨԺȻʹʱӻج״̬ٿƮʱҲӲˣʩչƻħ
ֻǰᶨһġڵˣЦǺǵģȻԨŭȥռеĽ⡢âǽƽ⿪ͷţҿ㱣֤ܰȻӴ뿪
ͣһ£˵½ʱ֣аħƺҲ١ѾйƵľһΣ츣츣ڵĿˡ
ۣħ֮࣬ͷˡڣӺ߳Щߣһͷų
ûŵص飬ҴдһʶأһϣܹǣΪǵһӡ
˼ˣƺ俴
ħƻƻ󣬺ĵأ˵ôһ
ԨΪҪɱҪ㣬ǽҾǲȥ
ɱЩգǵһ·ˣڣ⣬治Ժףῴ׵ġ
˵ţƯŵһϮۣȻСɽͷһˡ

ĳ棬Ǳǰţɽһ˷ɳһԽɽͷԨܿߡ
һɫȹۣŮĳ棬ü΢һƽɫ
δʱֻ΢ڵĳ棬޵΢ڣƺһ
仹СʾޣΪһֵӡ
ձɫӣûκξ⣬峺鶯һϲЦݵأԨк㱻ƭѽ
Գһأ忡Ԩĳ˾档
̷ɽʱԨ΢ȴ͸أʱԿĿ⣬ֹ졣
¼ع齣ڣÿÿϾʱ᲻ԽԨ
ſԨһЩϢõϢԽ࣬ԽԾԽġ
ԨûŵطӵãºǳȻǽ򣬽Ⱥ̻ͨġ񡱷š
ҫĿò̾Ԩʵ̫ڣʵ̫á
κδڣڸ֮سûûȥͻƣնɷħǿվ޵ġ޾ꡱնǳ
ٿλʱİ³үڡ
͸ŨѪǵĴ򰾣ͥСص쳣ó涯ݣޱȡ
ʵڲȡֶΡ
ԨͳĿԣʱ˼ε̾Ϣһ

һƵĽɫ磬΢СߣðŻ𻨣˳۾䣬ǿףѪǣʶɴܡ
̼䣬ǵľգʹ۶Ť
ſҪۣȴκ
ˣ
̴ԧȡ
磬ڵ漣ж캣Ȼɫ
ʦǽڵλھڴɣھŴɵϣ䶼Ҫߡ
λĻӣرֶκݾ̡
Ǵ󵨰磬̴ԧ漣뵽λɣĵ׷㤡
ολ֮⣬ͬһݵĳȪʹѶҪһ档
ȪԼˣһô˼˵ذ
ԨҪǲͻǰڵˣԵȻ˵֪Хν㣬̤ʱͲһ
֪ںģںģǲǣ
˵䣬Ľɫ磬û
Ĭõ飬Ȼ˵ԨĻ
ȥԨȵ
ͶڵЦ˵
Ҫһ𣡡Ԩٵ
Ҫб£һ㡣˼Ӧˡ
ã



ٰʮ ͨ
˼ˣǸˬˣһԨͷӦͶ㲻ɣ˵
ݣ
ֻһƽɫ磬ʱӳüģǿף䣬һһɳ
ÿһƽɫ磬ѪͻɣܷݵأʯܽɱǣѹĤ಻׽ͨ档
ͨռص飬ҪǸһƽɫ壬δܳɾ
ͨ񡣡пһ䡣
ԭһƽɫ磬Ϊһλλ̬ȶ˵Ůӡ
Щ޵Ůӣ죬е˱еԸУеഺ
ȻԨ̴ԧһŮӣƵϢ״
δֻһϮյ¶Ĵ˼ˣȻһЦ
ȻͼЩɽɫ仯ɵŮӣЦأԨһ·ɱƮţŮӿ

ӭŮӣʮϸȥӦͷκһ壬ѪϢл
Ѫ⣬ͻǹģ͵
ۿԨᵽɢݳ㣡
֪СصѪ̳ظоǲã
Ѫ⣬ǻۣ˼룬Լ飡
ͻȻ䣬Ԩ;㱣ʼԼ۾ˡ
ʼ룬ƽɫ磬Ǳ仯ɣǽɫ磬Ϊǣ
磬Ůӣĸ̬
ԨãȻ֮ʣѪСصģ챦ʯ貵Ѫ̳ȻǿҲ
ԨΪģһѪɲ
꣡
ʮݺݺ࣬ΧԨڱ˴ţ̸ЦţһԨ˵ŲͬȴȻӰŤģ
ͼһ˿˿ɫѪ⣬ڱ룡
ʮƽɫѪ⣬žѪһλִļޣȫѪҪŨң
ãûнϡ
ƯŵһϮۣЩȻǱԨڵ״ҪԴ㣬¾Ӵ򹷣ȥ޻ˡ
һ䡣
ԨѪ̳ţҪѪСصģһƵĽɫѪ⣬˲ɻǳۣ
ȻһʮޣĵŮӣɢ
ɢһش΢ĻӣЩɫѪһûһϮۣʧĸɸɾ
ѪһƻܱѪ顣
鸧ƸߺܽͨЩŮӱ˴˶ţԼΨһԼǻֶΣֶѪľƿأ
Сɽͷԣɢ̴ԧڵ漣磬캣СεŮӣ׷ױ
˼չֳȷʵ̾Ϊֹ˼ô
Ѫһ˿ľ£Ůӡ
ЩŮӣǿǻ֣໥仹ڽ̸ԨۣԼϲá
֮⣬λ޵Ůӣǵֹ
һľ
ǵλŮӣһֱΪǺһߣԼ׽Էľ硣
Ǻһ㣬Ż
ֱһ̣֪λŮӣǴ˼ƾ
ŮΪ˼˵һ֣΢СķѪͻɡ
΢Сķ˵ľʲô߶ȣ
ʼɣվһ󸣬ǲҲãҲǴ˼ȥŵģ
죬ˡૡ
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ĳ棬һӶ
ͤͤأվԨǰüҴЦκ覴õľɫգУֱܳƷ
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ǰǰΪ̫ŮӵԨò˵治òΣֻţĿĿĸо
Ůӣһֲʵʵֻ֣ӦξֵС
츳һӳڣֱŬȻ׿졣Ԩһ㶼ǫ飬ֵ˵ˣȻӦ˼ңҾȥһ˽
˵գҲҪҵġ۾гˣǽڿصĵط
ȻͷһǰۣҽȥͽЩɱ⣡
Ҫ죬ˡ˼˵
Ԩһ˿顣
Һ㣬гѾͷһһƬռ䣬뿪εҡҡͷֵ̯
Ͽգһͬͨռߣʱ¶һЦ
ⷽعأ鵱ҪһУҪԨ뿪ֻҪתɢ
飬ԼҪδõٴˣѰ·
Ԩ뽣԰տһ£ǰ͸Ŀռ䡣λֻǱڰڵˣ΢΢һЦ˵ǺһΣͻ˽ңҾÿ
֮ѡΪ֪½ء½أͽһ⣬һںڲһġ
ңԨʵͬ·ˣеѡ
һῴŰġ
͹ˡƺżⷬ£ͲٶԣԨͳˣ׼һȥ
̴ԧ磬캺漵ˣ͵أԨҪ졣
ϣ档
Ԩų棬ֿ֣Цʱݰ׵ա
壬ǽ뽣Կס
Խڣĳ棬ΪвͬҪȻ̤뽣ҲҪ·Ҫǣ֡



ٰʮһ 
ԨЦݲá
ԥ󷽵أǰС֣Ԩġ
СЩԨʱе㲻˼
Ϊˣߣ
ͷʵ̫ˣǬ½һ޵츳ǿߣԺĿߣԪǱߡ
Щţͷ͵С
ŮӣŮ֮ƺûϣҲûйκټĴʹ⡣
ɴ˿̣ȴ£ԼأԼ֣ͬġ
ԼҲЩ֣ķԨĺûһӦʸУһľȻ
֡йһ䡣
ԨսЦҫ̧ͷ˿ĽһǽʾȻ
ʣŵһֻֽգ
ָ֮䣬˿˿۾Ľ⣬ǽʵײɳˮһ

Сɽͷ޾Ľ⣬˲䱻
˱Ŀҫ۾
һƵĽ⣬͡죬ʼܱ͸
˸֪УʲԷ⣬ʯ㲻Ľֻػŷ֮أȡơ
ɽһͱˣһͷبޣ˯ԱײеĿ⣬俴ǡ
̴ԧ磬ͷһϵı鶼Ȼˡ

һλεĿռ϶һ˺ѿڲ硣
ɫĻ£άϵռι̵λߣһ䣬æˣٽȥ
ܼĽ⣬ǽǽʵǣҴܡ
Ҵܣܶѣܶ಻ԤƵĺ
ˣ֪ⷽСأĴڣͼ䲻ȶĳһ̱գԲڣѳֿռ䡣
ûԮ֣ȴͷۡ
ͣ
һƽ⣬ЯɱħͷϢĽ⣬Сɽͷ̴ԧ磬漣жЩıƽ
Ķ캣ҪôҡҷҪôţʶԶ롣
̴ԧ漣磬ǼСΣҲʶȤ롣
һĿ⣬ȻȻأԨϡ
Ȼ
ֳֽʣն´֮ԨƿĹؼܹıֵأ
ȣļЩ١
ߣŵľصҵʦһĹȱ
ֻҪѽطأʧȥľָܴΪ
ңߣԶֹ֪Щ
С磬ѳͱٵ˰ɣ
˼һһƽҪ뿪СɽͷҪԨеĽͦҲԵȻ̲סߴˡ
Ԩ˵ͷ֪Ҫһ˽˰ġ
ǣһų֣һֳֽʣСɽͷȥ
Ľ⽣âزСɽͷںľ»ڣһ˿硣
棬аħɵϢ޷
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ԨȻͷͷһɣ
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ڵĴ˼ˣڷһĺ
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Ԩһ֣ݸһѶȻɴܳȥСɽͷһѨ
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ġϹһ

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ߣԺأûһλħûһ塣
һ·ûκεıߣܹԨ̫á
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ͷߣ̵˹

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ԨҪڽǿҲͳȥˡҲᵽΣϢæѣλͷߣƺ֣ͽȥֱ֮ˣнòӦǡ
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ԨһϢӣ˳㣬һʯȥ
ͷҪһѪѪСصǶ
Ԩâʱ͵Ȼͷ֪ģҲó

ԨԽ⡢âķôʧڳߣȥһ
Ԩ°ɣЩǣһػվѣͲܵһȰ
Ҫվ͹ЦͷֲңܲЩâҪǶС֣Լ



ٰʮ 
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һλƤݶϺɫߴߣͷǣһϽۣ𵶵ضš
ͭ˶۾âȻ俴ڵϣһϢԨ
Żڵͣ׷ɣѨԨԴ̧ͷһۣɫ΢ȣХʲôˣ
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ӦҶӰɣŮ̫̫࣬ǵˡߴߺٺһЦ
棬һͷ˾綾Ѫ꣬綾תӡԨ
Ŷ߲䲻ȵôһ䡣
ԨĬˡ
ǰλɫϺ죬̬ʾ˵ߣӦþλպһε峤򡡣
ͷǰν׹
ֻǣ֪򡣬ǺӲ֪ˡ
ĺܶĻ޵йأλһ峤˶ʵһɫɫĸ¡
˵УεδòŮӽϡ
ͬ壬壬塣
ʱйܶŮѪĽף޵ϰûģܵýˡ
ɼˣȻкܶˣĺᡣ
Ԩһֻһۣ;ХģмƣӶƶϳХλˡʮа˾ҲǬ½꣬ĳŮӷ͵ġ
츳̼ߣŮϲ
仯򡣬һܱŮĿ̬ɣ֮£Ůмܵס
Ī˵ǷŮӣĺԴ½ܶгɵνӣ俪ģµһ֡
ХӦþĳʱŮӽ϶
ХȻͷĺᣬ汻һͷѪ⡢֪֮꣬龹˵Į
㣬ԨС
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⣬ͷҲҵĶأ
ͷҵЩ֮ĲɱҶ˼ǧˣ֪ģΪкȥģʮˡҲ֪ģɱ˵ģȻࡣ
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Ԩһʯֱӣͷţ߶֪ҽģҪһѪ
֪ϣŻĿսϢһ߳Ҫɣطأ顣ңڽúõģҲųȥ
ͷأӻ֣ϲӬ㣬ͻĶȥɡ
Ԩһ
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Ԩ˼һЦ֣ҲôģҪһѪ
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һѪգҪԨոֱӣȻ̬ȣԼ˵
ԼһѪСƾʲô
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ڲһˣ
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˵䣬һϺɫѪǻλ롣
ĴָͷСѪϺ觰㣬ڻ谵ʯڣҫ˲ֱӵ貹âһȥӽԨ
һѪ룬ĸߴСһš
ڽڲҲӰ죬Ѫ
ֻͷ̫ǿʢޱƾõܱһ
ѪʣʧȥһΣһء
лǰ
ԨȭҾЦţһѪӽȻתɷħѪСز
ͭͫ׹⣬̬

һѪһǣͷԨеѨϡ
СӣѪҲҪ֪ڽ꣬ʧȥ̫ҵһѪҲܹģҾͿ㣬ôʹȥ㡭
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Ƿû˵ó۱ͻ翴˲˼漣
ǰήҲһϢԨ˲ѪԨ۾Ź⣬ƤϺɫ
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ˡ
ԨһͷӦǰѸ˳˼ʯ
ţκ󣬷ŭ𣺡ɵСӣҵһѪͣյģǲһСӣŻڵģɷħڵģҲ޿ҵһѪ
ڽָ£ϵظһѪǲ⡣
뻻һַʽҪԨ
һ峤һͷżʹڽʵˣһѪҲҪԨС
ԨѪСأһѪ֮󣬲ûˣ
һô죡



ٰʮ һѪ
֮ء
СɽͷԶǼСΣһԽȻ
ڵŮӣȻƿӣ󷽷˳
ò󲻿ԵŮӣվСζһ˫ʯӣ
ŮƤǺϺɫ󣬶ͷǣϢ
꣡
طһۣ
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̴ԧ磬ˣҲؿţλԦСΣʼղŮӡ
Ҹ׵һѪڷ룡
߳ӵŮӣһ̧ͷƯŵһϮۣҸ᲻ڽ
Ѫ֮ϵޱȣΪõһѪ˸Ӧ
ףѪ
㶣ͷ΢𣬺Ȼȫˡ
ҫ۹Ǽҵ꣬Ϊڳ桢ݺŮӡ
꣬һڻҫ۹ĿҲǼҴ
ӡһڵͷ
ֻǣ֪꣬ǼҶʱ߻ħ
ᾪȣǾˡ
֮ǰֿڣŮΪԨѣ˵ŮˣҲϳꡣ
Ҫӣȷһ£Ǽȥ꣬ǲڽڡ
˿̣ۿһȥˣС߳վڽӶ˵Ҳþ棬С
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ͷ֪ˣǷʲôʡ
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ǼҲԼңֲ֪ܽ£ԼҾܳﱸšƣǼҰ㣬ԸѡԼꡣ
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ĸףһε峤ֻǱѡ˼һЦ졣Ҷӵ˽⣬ı˿ܻȻ¡
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ˣ˵ˣˡڵ
鳶˳ǣ˵ȻͷŮХĸܵܡХʱ·ϣͷһʳѪҲĬģ
ХǼ֣
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ļ֣ɱ߸ˣŭ𣬡ĻѪ֣ͲûţףҲļ
Ⱥǡְҡҡͷˡ

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ԨŽʣԽʯٴͣгڵĶѨ򡻹Ǻ˵һѪ˵͸ˣ
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˴λѪ
ԣͷŻ֣ᷢͷȻࡣ
Ѫ̳ڳصѪΪµڣе©ҪȥһѪ
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;ͷʱЩ諰ĹŻߣɾѪʱҲоѪ̳Ŀ̰
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Ԩ֪Ѫ̳ԣһѪҪԣܼ

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СӣһףͳشЦ
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ʯʯ֮䣬ǽ⡢âγɵĽݣϸϺǲҴġ
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ԨɽһٴתɷħѪСصѪ̳Ŵ˼֮Ѫ
ٵϺ⣬ֻһѪڲƵٲѪ
ǵѪѪСʱȻչֳбɱԣҪһѪܣѪء
Ѫڵһ֪ǲ⣬ġ
벻ǣѪСأһԡ޾ꡱɵѪ̳
Ѫ̳Ѫ˲䣬
Ѫ̳ͷųֲĴһѪ
ѪѲͽǵѪһϢͷţӶγٵԻϺ硣
ԨʱǵѪվѪ̳ɡ
Ѫһ̳Ө͸ؼ̳ʱĹâ
һϸϺϢڷɴʱǱεסһأӲٴΰԨѪСأ
ݣ
Ϣ磬ڱ貹âѪ̳£һʧڼ̳
Ԩ͵ضŴѪ̳ڣӿֵܣ䵼֫ٺڶĽอ
ͺ˴ΣƣһȬ˴롣



ٰʮ 裡
ͣԿ屦ĳ񣬿Ѫ̳ѪԨ
һ߿һֹǴ϶ΪһѪҪСٺ٣ô뵽ѪСأж컯һ̳ڣ
򡰡򡣬ҺͲۣڽ棬ֵ뿪·
㱻Сƣ˰һξѪ
Խ˵Խ˷ܣ㵸
ʯһǣͤͤһ˫ǵ۾ƤϺɫɢŨԨ
ļʶͬһ㡣
Ȼ֪ͷһλżĿֲڣ
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ΪԨԡɷħĥǣҲûпܣܵһѪ
ҲãһѪ壬Ԩᱬ
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ԨȻ˼أһѪѪٴγŨ˵״̬ڽɱ䡣
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ͻݳȭͷһѪԨ죬ٴαҪȥ
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Ԩޱȣϸ;һѪ⣬ͻȻŴǧܿѪؽ֯žӨѪߡ
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Ѫâ֯㣬һٴϼ壡
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֮ء
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һǼˣߣԺȻɫ
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˵ĺɼˣóΪš
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ĻˣԽأһϮۡ

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ԨȻۣһ˫ӣǳ
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΢һˮ롣
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СӣҪлңҴ㣬һ֮
͹ЦѨϴ򿪣ԺúÿԼԼ꣡أһΪҪǵĴ辶輯ȫ޻꣬Ҳռ
ԨоΣ

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һ̬ӰްʶСأƯš
̬ӰʵصĲ꼯һ
ͷ̬Ӱǣǰ޵ͫ磬ľ޻Ӱ
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ĴĽâֹۣͣʱͰ
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ϷˣЩâļƣҸпܣӽ뿪طأ



پʮһ 
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鸺ֶʱ䶯ŵСɽͷ֮ʣԶЦʵӣ
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ֽ֪ľΪڽڲСأѺһаħ⣬ϣϯھ飬һԨ
ֻ꣬ԼӡǣԨʶСӳΪȹ֮ΪĽΪõĿܡϯüͷֻͣʱһϣɳԨȴ
ֻ꣡溧Ȼ
Ϊڵţʦ˵ܶаڵġֻꡱͬڱɣаء
ڵġֻꡱǽԼĻӰӡڶԷ
˵ֻꡱˣģԶʤϵĻ䣬µζ
ֻꡱʩߣͻذʩߡ
ǰڵλ顱漣ԡֻꡱаǬ½۹˺һЦȻ裬½ѪӦ
հƣΪڵֻꡱȻߡ
һɹԨ󣬻ᷢӡǣӡǵĴڣԨĸԸΪá
ֻꡱӰԨľԨ˻ãհҪػŮ⣬Уսǻۣԣûκα仯
ڴ˹УҪǱϣհƶʧȥһĽߡ
Ԩǲȱһɵӣ򣬵ɢ
ʱ



پʮ аЧ
һǡ
һλɱʬӣһͷӲӵľĴࡣ
ͷѪᣬɸߣ׳˶ɽ
ﵽ˼ͷ𣬵ؼжնϡ
ͨط΢󣬽һž죬֦һ㣬ǧ꾫ǣһ顣
⽦䣬໺һ
һƽɫѪ⣬ˮһ㣬λָ죬
һĽɫϪ
ȻһЦֻһͷͷɽɫѪ⻯Сھ֮£ر顣
УҲѣδ档
ɫӴԷ𣬺ıĴѪ⣬һֵָǡ
ݰͰ͵ƣ·ӽɫ֭Һ̳ͿĨһۡ
ҡ֣ǲ̫⣬̾һεֻܳȥ˵ˡ
Ԩڴˣᷢλӣڷϼģδͣ󣬵Ĳһ˼ơ
ݣ
ڴʱһƽâˡ
ǵЦݣĿģӰһһϸ緢˿ľӨ⣬һƽâ

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ͬڱʯʯûͨ˴ʯ
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ռ伫СʯֻڷһͬСɵ
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ľͷ̶ɵ飬һ˵ģǰ첲ŵӡһְů崺ζ
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СС̬ڴܷʯ֪˶ꡣ
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Ԩ򽣣һ뽣Ľʣն´ĽʱܶĽâͽС
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ԨհƵġֻꡱ£컵֪Ϧꡣ
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СûûΣԭʼ̬ͣڿС
Ȼͣơή֮ϯ峤ĬĴڣִĵͷ⡣
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ڴˣ뵽Щսͣеħհƶһ壬Ͻ˵ڶֻꡣԷģֻɹ󣬲ӰλĽǳȥ
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һͼհƽȵǣڶԨʩչֻꡱ
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ڣнâƣûȥǰԨҪǻ𣬾ǰˡ
ˣֻܱصȴ
ڳħĶܺãհԨʩչֻꡱаʱǱ˴֮䣬΢ЦŽ
ƺٹ꣬Ҳܵȥ
Ψһܼ尾ģǽڵĳ档
ԨڵֻꡱԮ֣ҲԹȰ˵ϯϯʱֻҷ
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̷ɽʱԨԨڵĽ꣬Ҳȷǰߡ
ȺʱĳҲ˵ԨŶϵ
ռԨϢԨ˺棬Ϊ͡
ڳ˵УԨˣҲϣԨƽġ
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ʱȻš
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λʷϣǷ켫³һԵ˵ˡ
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ʯڵһаħɣͷһˢˢ
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Ԩһ㶡
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ڵʯͨģֻҪһڣ⡢âʧǾ˳Ƕ뽣֮
Ѻڽ꣬ǧЩаħڴصȺš



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ѪлתҲ˴ż˵仰ÿÿǣ졣
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Ůˣϱ̫Ӳöһϸ΢仯
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һֻĻɫѻųλŮôīǳ
ɫѻ۾ŰĹ⣬߲͵ĴһλѲԼĽ
ȫûһСڻûҪηľ
ܽǰ΢ߣղ󣬵ýĴУڡ
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һ𣬸ȹ̿ռߣؽе
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СɽͷϿգһϮƯŵİֹۣ
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ٵĵ磬߰Ҵܣȴ켣ȻĿꡣ
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ĵڣžĻŤ֮òС£СΣµ汻ЩĵС
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ܽӦñ̻꣬һͷػ̧ͷĻ꣬˼˽ͣ³ǵԼңԼǰǣȴ壡
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һչǳǺӶҡεľ޴Ϸڻڷ衣
һâӣǻᴩʡ
һƬ죬ǷӡƵľ޴Ӱڻ춴Ƿľ޴ϷǽâӵϮ
ԶһлĸɽͣһˣԶԶš
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Ԩ벻ͨ
ȻʶǰǺ棬ҩʱѹûλԽڣնµĴš
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ڽĿ򽣾ǹһЦݡ
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ڹʶСأһöӰӡǵԨЦ
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Ԩʶӡڱ۹ǵĽǱصĽ꣬ԣʵǸɽ
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嵽ȻѪʹ³ɵ壬̬֮
³ɵѪǣǰʤһǶصҲһ֣ƣ׳Ŀԡ
緢ХԼţһߣ˺֮
ϧûüʵûü֤ǲǿУڻڣͳһܡ
񣬸Ϊͷ򣬳ɾͷ
ԼȴҪԼ
ͣͣ
ڲȻ
ХоЩʹľ綾ȻǸ͸һա
ǧ㣬ǻ۵ľ綾ʳ
ɫģɫѪζ̱ǵĶӲ飬һָ״״̬Ĩ壬͸ȥ
ХʹУڴȼ
ҲʱԺХƸӦԨϢ·ԨԺ˵
ͦȥúûţ

ĵ档
ԨһŽʣͦεӰһɷħ
ɷħվţأɷħɫơ
ڴ󶦣ʻ䶯ţųħ⣬Ȼ͸أĨɱļ¶

յɷħı棬ǰƷȥ
ºʬһɷħĬ㣬һһҵأԨУһ
ĵԨ忡Ŀޱ顣
ˣȻĻ֮ϵܷɣóصġס䲻ش漡
ըѪģ漣ʧ˻㣬հ֡
հæҵأ䣬ưж䣬ڵѪ漣һߡ
Ϊʲô
ǰܴݵشңʱ
Խǰʵ
漣ʦͽԴھΪŸ첲Ĵš
ĺ֮㡣
գۼ䣬ΪҪˣͱһģ
հؿɷħɷħĺڣ͸һϢԨ
˿ԨԽ˽ƯڴüĿһź档
ʬ£һһңɷħ󷽣š
հҪԨʵѰͻƵҷǳ鿪ڽֻǣ뵱ȻˡڵĵСɷѿĴҪȥһδⲻһ㡣
ۣ
˻һ䣬š顱ƺţǰǬ½ͷ漣ʬش
壬͸ըըһѪ
ܼ׹⣬û͸漵ʶСأǵ׵֮漻ججûܷǰ漵Ժ
СһץһڣһϸĽ
ػһ£ǱͰ漵ж㣬и
ֽհɱ
հɫ쳣ѿ
ΪǵʵˣҰܵĺܳסˣҲż뿪ˣ̧ͷٴοƯѩ׳ۣʣ֪٣ľãƿס񡣡
᳤𣿡
̻ͨƾѵͷһӷǰ۹һ
ٴ̧ͷʱͷЦҪ޵ӣ᳤걻̻֮ԴӦΪǻ᳤ҽ̻᲻ã˵ͳ£굽׷ʲô
᳤Һѳ̻ᣬҲΪ㲻ˣ
ͷһϮѩ׳ۣƴġ
裿᳤һ£ʱӦ̻ͨᣬһϻ᳤
һ뵽˵һţȫʢ״̬
Ž񣬻ɷħԨ鲻ɵ
ãλĻпס
ȻͨūһаħɣıǬ½ľƣضޱ䡣
ҡ
ʱվɷħڵԨԿŵһָֻ֣˱̻ŵޣյİ˵
Ҳӡ
˼һηʵأҰˣŪԽջΪ˱ˣܣƭأ
ޣͷĽǲܣأнħоɵġ
仰һ˵ζ֪̻ڵޣǱħᡣ
ޱˣ



 Ѫ

յѩ׳ۣǷ˵޷ǿ
صֻ֣ԣ
ǻλĶڣ类ľ沿ϸ΢仯ЦУһͷ׵ζ
泯ˣԽɵڲһȻ졣
󣬾ͼһѪ⡢ܡͻ֮Ϫһڴֵʹ
괦ؿڴ֮ϣѨϰĵط
գȻ磬ҫ۾
һ͸춯أ·ÿռ䶼Ҫſ
λ̻ͨʦͽˣһۣòٴʩάֿռι̡
ֻһѤôĿĹյѩ׳ۡ
ѩ׳۷ͣĹ򣬾ͳա
յĳڣž죬ڶ
ŨѪۻƮĵĻܣƥĽ⣬ڳӿ֡
Уѩ׳ȻڷǣռĶŴٱ
ͻȻ䣬һùûĳۣˡ
⻪ŨţȡĲ֡
ʱڣһ̾ΪֹĻ棬Ҳֳ
ֻһڽļڳ룬Ѫγɡ
ȻǼΪ壬֦ڵĽͷһһγɡ
Ѫǿʼ⣬Ѫ磬ɵչ
Ѫʱ󣬾һƤעѸѪϡ
ܿһͷ­ڳ۾Ѫ⡣
ʱһѩ׳ۣڲͻһˡ
һѪ⣬֫อͨӿϢԲϵˡ
Ψһȱٵģֻӡ
նۿûӣȴһŽɫĻ硣
˼ˣǽ׵һ˵ǰ׾ٵһ
նͫɫȼţٴοޡ
ȻǱħǺڵѾͷˡ
һάϵƬռȶģλߣԵЩ𾪺档
úÿ˼ռ䣡
ʦǳһ䣬Ҫģרעǰ
һԵޣڱɫġ桱棬˼ˣǲ֪ǲԨ˵ʼ޶ԡ
˼ˣһѪǣҲûӦ
ɵȵ˼ۿںȻðɫ棬ƺڲˡ
ݣ
̻һӨӨ磬ʹӴ˵뿪
뿪
Ѫˣۿڽɫ棬ӿȼǺһЦķ׷ȥ
һͺǧɾ룬ס硣
һɢżº£ӱɫĻڳǰײȥ
֮ǧСӻڽ俪
ɼĺԨıǺںӡ˼µĺӡǣѾͷ˳Ծ档
λͷƺΪ᳤ˣȻ϶̵ļģħޱˣʵ
˷ֻ꣬һڷֻһ½ء
㳤½أӺߵĿУ̻ͨһΡ᳤ĺպ֪˵
᳤ļʶ۽磬̫Ū
˵ǽĺףѾͷħھĺԨĥһ£᳤˵λĺԨħǾʶڲصܣĶࡣ
ĻٴοվɷħеԨ
㣬ô
仰û˵
ݣ
һӰԨվɷħȻɳڵհƶҡ
ӰɢϢͰ޵ı̻棬ΪƵļ֮⡣
עĿһӰ˵ϰΪЫ㣬͸ڲµĺ
հһ
ǾӣɳһλӲӵһλƮ
貶Ŀ߲޺ɣ޲ɷ񷲳ˣoŮһ۾;Խλࡣ
ƮɣұȻҰջ׹ĵ
հƵ֮ӭɷħĺԨȥԳԵЦ˵ħҶǻӡٴμңҡ
ۣ
հƵһ仰ո˵ͷĿѣ
Դǣ󣬻һѪ
Ȼʧɫ
Ϊһ̣оԡֻꡱаԨʶСӡӰһֻõĹס
ֻ֣סӰʱǱס˲
һ̣Ʈ񣬶Ȼɢ
߲޺Ѥõ񣬰У˻Хš
հƿ־嵽˼㣬Ծηļµ񣬶߶µأٴοɷħԨ
Ŀԡ
հƱ߿ѪͫӰһֳѸ
Ӱǧ򻯣Ƿ켫ܱĸʽͬŮӡ
ЩŮӣ䲻ͬΣͬԣͬȺõж
һ䣬ͱöŮӣڵڱĺʶ²ĥӡǡ
ڣͬɵӰѸٵ



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հ֮ͫӰ
հƳƺΪħÿһħעѪĵᾧǿԭ
ʮħӦţһʮ졣
ÿһħںϣհá
ò飬ǣƢԣظı䡣
հƵ񣬱Խͬġħóɲͬˡ
ͣԨϯ棬ǰʱǸݶԷľϲãͬԸġħȥӦԡ
飬ͣǶԾͨռ֮ʦͽУհƵò顢Զһ
Щ꣬հߺأӴˣҲͬ
֮ˣհʵʩյġ˴Բ̬ͬӦʽӡ
ʱǰڵӣֻһˣһˣܸı
ڵľ磬ͬһʱ䣬ͬһ䣬ٸһҵˣŮһĸо
ÿ˼ģоģǰͱ˲һ
ܸݶԷϲãħͷų׽Է飬ӰĽŮ˶ûġ
޵زȷڵ
ֻǡ
һ̣ԨĿʱͫֳһħס
հһŨݰܡ
Ԩ;ɢ
ۣ
һõġħɢ֮ʱ㣬֮ʧ
հƵ߲޺Ѥö˵񣬱ɷħɳĺԱס
߲ʺ⣬ڱķѹ£ѽ䡣
񣬱ȫ
λڵھĴޣѺڽ꣬һѪͻ˰˾ţʣµôһ㡣
ڣֲսɣĻ
ʧЧȴǿҷɣս㣬Ȼʱ̣ɷħڣϢ죬ͫĵԨŪɾ
ڶԨĿޱأһ
ӡδʼ;ĲҪԨʵʩɲ֮侫Ѫ׳˿ָ̻ǡ
类˱ˮһ
Խ㣬ڣ
ЩãȻע⵽˸漣Լ̴ĽѤõ޺񣬱ŵհơ
оǣհͫġħ
ħζʲôλڵĺ֮㣬֪
Ȼʶںһϯ֮أߣٿǬ½Ƶţڽ֮֡
ǿɬأһһֱɷħеԨ
ңôƫƫء
ǿҵĻںȻӿͷ㣬Ҫ࣬жࡣ
ʱ⵹ˣľԲͭǮʹȥߵԨķš
ᣬεأȺĻҪͼıԨ
ݣԨԡ
Ȼͷտһƺ棬ܸܲһ·ħȥڣںȥ棬Ҿͽ棬ˡ
ȻڵһֲͬأȻġ
鳶˳ǣ䲻ȵ˵ͷˣͼı䡣ûվаľ裬³
ϿգֳַͷЦԨ棿ܾãԼĶ֣ҪĶ˭ûŪ
УԦɷħ˿հƼȥ꣬ͲԨˡ
ޣûбħ壬ľǱˡ
ԨΪٷ֮һǧģаĻǡ
аֻԾаºʬԼԼΨǴӣȴûֱӽ齵٣ȥȡʬ¡
Ϊʬ¿ɫ糣
Ԩһ
ͫĺģ͸ζżµĶ
ͷʶСϸںͲ֮ͬ϶ǰԨͷԨˡ
Ԩ̧֣ѵŪˣ
ڣƫ
Įһֶصģ·ߵ߽˵
˺ѶĤ͸ĵʬʸ˲䶴ʶĻꡣ
λڵ콾Խʵвɲ֮ͼٶƾģòˣĺݾŮô˲

ɷħԨǰš
ڴ󶦣հƵͷӹ
հͫžڵһββħ㣬ճʧ
ħһհеɣ·Ҳȥ
վŵհƣǾ޺֮ںļ£Ҳ˴ںۼ
ݡ
ſԣͷһȻסĻû˵
ɷħƮţӶԣ΢΢ͣһ¡
һ֮ɷħٴǰٶȣĿɡ
ºʬһһңʼոɷħԨ
޴ģԽ̶ɵ񣬺һεض
泯ЦǺǵģŰ궼̩ķ·ڿ顣
ոջɫӲ֪Ԩûбаء
ԨԽʱ㶣ȻǺɵЦ֪Цʲô
һ
ͷҡҡͷһźأ̾һ
̾Ϊ֪ͷ飬Ҳͨռ֮ͬ·ˡ
ͬ·ˣҲаƿأûңԺֻΪܣ֪᲻Ӱһͬˡ



 δ޵Ŀ⣡
̻棬绨㻺ɢ١޳˳
û¶ݵľɽһ񣬸߰ǿ
ӾȻְθһأͣӿȼյı̻ڲ͸һɿ͸飬ʦ֮飬˼к޹صĮ
һ绷ġ桱䣬飬ɢź⡣
ͣͣ
һشؽɫ𣬺ʹԷı̡桱壬ըĿѣĻ⣬ĲĿֲ
һֺ£Ưͷߴ磬һ貹Ŀ
ѪĴ˼ˣһѩ׳ۣնͫڣɫ桰ꡱ죬ӿȼա
ǡ桱ͬۿڵĽɫ棬ͷųģȻŨѪ
·ޣĴȼ࣬ӪѪ񳱣Ӷγ˾ޱѹֵ
ţǱƾմǾѪ⡣
֪˼˵Ȼǿա
˽ٽԱڱΪһ¯пܴӽڣһصĽ£ͨ쳹ֶΣӦϵأɱ֮ء
λˣɴ£ȻҲҪشۡ
۾ǣʱڵ޿ִܵ۷壡
ȻֻһϮѩ׳ۣ졣
ǹŪ飬ʵΡ
ûа֮£עѩ׳ۣһֻԶ컯죬ƳһѪ˼ʵ
ڣǾ߲Ǻӵıȣǲֵһᡣ
Ȼ޶ѣñƷ
벻Ҫҡ
̫ûڵޣ΢ʱñŤ̫Ӧ
ϰ߱һħġܡ
һǣľżԼ˼룬ѵǣöԡ
ö֮òֱж£бɱķʽĿģֶ£ʵӼʹ졣
ڱ˵У˵ĿУͲԼֻһͷħˡ
˿̣֮ٴοڣΪ˼˽ֻһߣ̸ϵǣҲľٴ衣
̫룬̫νǰϡ
ȻԷѿ͸֪Լûбħᣬ֪Լ˭ڵҲû˱Ҫ
СѾͷҲû취ֻ㡣
հڣѪ̵ġ᳤ðŽɫġ۾˿ܲ˼˵ţɻ׳ħھĺԨȷȷʵʵҡ
Σ޲ÿɷ񣬡飿
õģŵ˼ͷԳϿҵ˵ֻҪû͸ǣҾҪһ棬һ棬ҲҪƿأܹǵá
˵ţÿӡ
棬ԨԦɷħХһǼ䣬ɷħѩ׳۾Ͳա
ͷλҪλڵСѾͷƿռ뿪
˸żԶԻ񴦵ʦͽҪ
᳤̫ˣ
ͷЦָʹ£úҵӡ
ݣݣ
ͽˣռ䣬ŲƵͬʱڰʩ

ռһ޴򣬱ڲ
޾͸оԼһģڱ롣
ܻĿռ䣬ԽԽСջᱻռסѡ
ûмûвһеأ֣նţһּ񣬿ɷħԨ
ǣżıЦݣҲн졣
⣿Ԩ
ҲǺ˵Ǻ˵޵ģȻӿֳΪʹ죬Ҫ̲סĸо
Ԩ
½أûŵأڰ³ǣԵ΢Ťתƣıһ
㲻ܹǽħڡѪ̡ڣڵĿװڵˣΨǴӣΨΨŵŵ
㲻ǣۿұܣĮȻҵĴڣҵ
㲻ǣӲϿδޣó裬ͱŮһԸʽķʽ
㲻ǣȺܻͨ쵺ɣ
Ԩôôôõ˵أᱻһа飬Ĩң
ңܹҵǻ˵ǿվޣҸıһУôˣ
Ԩˣ
һһͷ޵ӹƺ֪ռ֪ԼĿԣһ١
ֻе⣡
Ŀ⣬ԴԨаĻᣬң
ǣ޽ˣȻҺͱġ
Ԩȴˣ
ԼһùˣԨϣûԨĴڣûϵδ򣬱Ϊ۹µڴˣ
ãԨͷβͲɵ
ԨΪ˶ңŹװɵ۹ã޵δһû츳һʲô֪ɵӣ
ȻΪαɱʱͻȻ;ѣƲɵһɳ죿
вװȥˣԲװˣ
ãıһ˥ԴԨװɵԨļ壡
ں棬һδεأԸָķʽ
϶Ъ˹飬Ԩɵģ
Ҿң˵˵һ
ɷħеԨͫǺصġԨ춴޾ܾнģ㱻ħ֪ģʱǲȫֿġ
֪ʲô״̬ҡҡͷܹ־һƬڰУħһ䣬ǣҵһдߡ֪ǸֹجΣôѲ
йƵľҺܸˣںһҸҡ
ܺãҲܺãûеõôһҲˡ
ΪƵĽͨһֺ£֮뵽ӶѸپٶء
ڣħһڳ֣ȹڲ
ʱ˵ˣǸһеء
Ҳ˭ҼȻҹʱûҡߣԨϣڴ˼ϣңǸ㣬ҲǸ߱ˡ㣬㣬ǡ
ֿǶʦͽƹ飬



 Ļ

̣յĿռ£Ŀռڵ㣬
һööڣѩ׵ӣЩռڵ㣬ҲסһСƬռ䡣
ͷһӣЦЩֶεġ
ɫٶԣʩ
⣬ָ籡עƾտ̻ĿռС
ã޸˵ôһȻԼĵ
֪޲ûħᣬûʧȥңƻҪЩݵѾͷ
ڲ֮ս̬ȣƽͣΪνаħɣûںʸ
ˣͣ򡣬ʬĴͳ죬Ȼܡ
ʹߵضޣͲˡ
ͷһЦһ΢̾ϧˡ
ãλ֪ͷͬ޿ռߣѾа񣬱ʧ˻ǵԨȻƿʶ
ʬ°㣬Լ
ͽܣ̻ͬͨᣬҳϡ᳤ڡ᳤֮ʦͽҲѳ̻ͨᣬԵõˡ᳤Σ᳤Ҳûָʹа񣬶ʦͽ֡
Ϊʦͽˣˡ᳤ĸ
ǡ
Ҫǲأ
Ѫġ᳤ѩ׳۵һ̵ֻ֣
һɫ磬ϸ㣬ָš
ž
ǰĴأܳһ׳Ľɫ磬һͼЯʧɫܡ
᳤δڽٳֽʱڴʶԼϢܹá
ǺӣӽڵļУȡս֮ǿȻš
ȫʢʱսûڴأٱȻ
ɫ磬ָڣϸĽ˿ǣ
ڵһСѾͷƻţһҪɵƫƧа·ΪԼǸˣ
мЦΪȺڳħڣҴɱһŻ˭
ɱЩξߣҵںʱҵʸû
ǽ˿Ƶ֣һļƣ糶ž磬Ϯˡ
Ȼ䣡
ޣĿռ䣬ܷģô͸˵ġ
ƫƫһ׳Ľɫ磬ӿռģ׵أ˲ڵСռ֡
ôһޱ㱻ɫ磬Ӳѹڡ
һǴڣһĽɫ롣

ɰǧĽɫâЩɫڷɽʼʳͷųģɫġ桱
䣡
һķ֮Щɫγɣһֺ¡
µâ
¼һ㼫ССĹ⣬Ҳ·סˡ
̻ͨ׷ɱͷۼƾǷСسֵһɫԸĲޣһֺ£һͻȻˡ
᳤ܽ£ͷȡ
£Ǻӵһͷǿվ޵۾۾ѾͷУѾͷѹƣħûֻ۾ڵСѾͷʲôʸħ뼫棬ɱķ
ڵˣ֪ȺоͲ²һС
̻ͨᣬһεϻ᳤̻ڲȻкܶЧ
Ĵ޴ڣӰںڲҲӡ
ҵĵģҲѾͷͷǿվޡ˵࣬ǽĺףֲĴڣЩ꣬ͽӴͷǿվޣұκ˶Ŀ¡
һɫ磬ռ䣬һɫɳ
Ưͷĺ£Щɫ͸ǱĽ˿ţҪ¶ʲô
䣡
аһɽ㣬ײҰĻ
аͷǧɸ߿գڰС
¹࣬ǳ꣬׺ҹա
ɽˮγɵش񷶥ֱӶ
ȥ
ɷħеԨĵʹ˼˶һۡ
һ̣ɷħ
ºʬٽ棬໥ֿ·Ҫ׷ˣӽӵаħɣѺ

һӨ⣬ֱس죬ֱԨ
Ҳڽ޵ģÿռ飬ʱ򣬿ĻԳһѳڰƵаɫ΢䣬һãǬ½Ķ᲻˶ƿ
ţĿռУȻޣˣһ䣬ҲѿĻ롣
飬
Чҡ᳤λߣͷ˵ʦͷǿվޣѴǽĺ׽ںظΪħƣӦԡһͷǿվްǺ֮⣬ھޣܱѼһ棡
ҵȻ֪ˣ
ͷһۣ½صľ䣬ǿͭ޹̤ݣǺӣȻһĵ𡣳ǽ򣬿־֮أĺԨƺȵأڽڶݡ
ûڲ֮ңôױ٣
㣬㶼֪
᳤ţ˴ˣӦģǺԪ˰ɣͷ˵ȣȵ᳤֪㵱Ԫȴڳɹһ̣ԤԪɢ˲ɢ
Һ˵ˣ̻᱾Ĵ£ΪأǺһǿ
ֻԪδɣ㾳Ϊϻ᳤



һʮ ·ͨ
Ļײһ
¹⣬âǿ͸
ɽˮУƳβЩħɣĻ˲䣬ͲȺأͷ졣
ھż𣬷Բǧ֮ڣκϸ΢ֻҪ룬ܸ֪ӵ
Ǻܶ˵֪УĻĿһڡ
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ƺҪĿģѾˡ
治۷ʲôڲ֮أǷֻҲ˽ǡ
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ԥȻɷħȵ˵ز˾Ԩ
аʱǻûȥԨһս֮
ڣѱ½أ᳤ҲԸеԨԨˡ
᳤ǰ𾴣ΪԨ־жԨ
ˣȥԨΪʲôû᳤֡
Ȼ⣬ԼԨ
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ѾڴˣҲ֪̬Щʲô
Ҫħ㣬عأֿԡ
ಣ
𣬴аײĿڣҪӽԨ
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Ũããء
аȥǺʯԻͽƣ·׷ʧЧ
˽´أһ㣬ãã
аײǸڣǱĹ֣˺ţԽԽ
ڱεİĻҲˣһֳ
գºͿſŷǣ貵ҫ
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ڲڰģһΪ֪ͼҲûԡ
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̴ԧԾηųŹֱ֮Ԩȥ˵ʱ䣬ڣħгħڡڡڣĴѰλĶ򡣡
ͣ٣̴ԧٴ˵λٲǿĲ˼飬Է˼ٶȣѸٻָݡ᳤ϢЩѰ˵ҵˣˡ
廰ʦǿվ˿£
£ÿǿվޣ̫С͵ɫأһǽǺӣЩħͱǿӴˣ֪ǿվ޲ܹÿݵˡ
ڣ׶ֲ諲֪ʡ
ǿվܻص࣬νħǺӵе壬ֵȻذ磬ֲʰһħǺ壬ȥص塣
ǿվޣκεĻᣬͻڼҪʳʱֱûһأأ壬ڲ׵ʱ򣬶ʱ䱻Ĩɱ
ͷǾԶеǺء
ʱûйϵǿߣƺѹؼпܾͲˡ
ҪҲûʢԺΪʼǺˡ
ôһ仰ͳͷȫʢʱڲ֪˶٣Ȼǵġ
մӽ߳ҪһЩʱ䣬ִܵ۷塣
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۷ʱ̣һ
ڣûκʤͿԣ
ˣ;Ⱦ쳷
򡣬ϯȷ֪֮ǿվ޿ֲλаħɣһѡһʱ뿪
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ʶѾжʱ׷Ϣġ
ӽĴаħǸʩݹ⣬Ƽذɣɢȥ

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ɷħ·ĿռڣűңԶľ룬ټϢò׽׼ȷλ
ʩչĿռ۵ɷħеԨܲϰ
ĳִ߿ʱһ㣬׷ɷħ
磬ÿһʱԨƺǸԶһ㡣
ܿڲǾ̬ţڽָʲô
Ԩÿÿ΢ʶһ֪ľ
Զﻯĳ磬̩ɽѹҪϢĸо
ǿվ޵ǿ׺ÿһټ򶼸̡
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Ĵţ־ϲ˵ڰȻҲô˳أռ۵ʩչҲľ룡
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˻ռܳɹ˳شʹа뿪
񣬺᳤ȻĬаҲԨԴ
ûǡ鿴һ½صķ򣬡ϵܲ
ôһ˵Ԩ׹֪ڣн顣

ɷħǰһڴ˷صȻԨϣֹϴ⣬Ŵ˷عص޷ķʽڵĽ롣
ǱؼĽ꣬۹ڰ룬Ȼ뵽нʵײ
Ȼ󣬺һɷħ뺮Ҳǿڻ
Ԩף̲סҪʱһֱʶСصʶĻݴܣ´ȡ
ݵһͷתԨͱһ˳ȥӳ˻
Ԩ
𪣬һλλԳɵΡڣ·Զ㣬ڻ֮⡣
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ڣħλھޣżǶ



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ܶණ붼롣
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𪻯һ⣬һ߻ԨǽĻѻˡ
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ɽߣһͷɫţԶԶȥģȻ⡣
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СΣ콵˪͸ڲͷܻ󸣬ڰ˪ʱһȻ͡
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ԳצһڵĽâ߮ţʱͱˡ
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Ԩþǵ˪֮ĽâӣһļУ·û˶Ի
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ȣſɫ΢ι
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սʣǱ˪֮󣬻һӡ
ٲңеצС
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Ԩ䣬챦ôûˡ
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ڣڣܲԨֻ֣ա
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ǰԼǵˣһ󣬾Ȼǰ˵ļƣ߸ϣ˰Լ档
Լȥͽܣͽܵ˼
ԨҡҡͷЦ졣
ҡͷǺ⣿˪ߡ
Ԩ̧ͷЦݣλĵĴĿԣһһٵҪ£ʲô˪ܲˣ
󵨣
ȻðһӰŭȵ



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⣬Ǵÿһд˲۾֪ôʹ
д֮ϣվʮڵߣΪ񾳣ΪξϢ档
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⣬ֹǽ쭳ƺԨһش𲻺ãҪնɱ
ڣɵ䣬ɲʲôˣֱԵġ
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յֻǰ³һ˹ʺ˵СӵܣҩڵǼ˪Ī֮ĺѡ
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յļ˪ھڴޣĵĴɣ
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Խյݵλֱ˪˵ôһȷ׵
һˣʶؿɬһЦҡͷԳˣʱ⾳ǨͲһˡ
˵˪ʱͷӦǰû߳
ΣǵݼҴеĿ
ʵΪ嶯¡
ΪһλھڵĴɣǽ֣ɷħûкλ˽аʸ
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ҲԨ³çסһ䣬æ԰顣
˪дȻƺû뵽Ȼˣ˵΢ľ磬Լô˵
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˫Ӣΰӣԣ̾һµĽд˲ʮ
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˪ۣն𣬳Ԩ˿ڲࡣ
ʦ
һθߺȣŭϣ֡
ô˵ˣûһܻġ˪ΪԾƿԨĮؿѪɽԨüŤǿžʹûź
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˻һ䣬һԨʶСأ
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Ṧΰ㹻ĻӡᱻӢۣõںħʹ͡
Ļһ̳
û񣬲߱ʸһûɳɢޣ˾ˣֵһᣬʽ
⣬һԨ
ˡ
Ԩص˵ͷ𪱨΢Цٶղʾһ£һ̣Ҫȥ³ǡ
ϵܣͭǮֹ
ԨʱָĻɽǸɽңӡ˵ĻǲӦã
˵Ԩ
ϣͭǮЦ档
ղ¼Ԧ𡰽Խɽȳǵķȥ
ʦʦ
ɽµһʯճһ˵ӣţûɡ
ԨͷһۣҲû˵Щʲô
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ˡ
ѻֵǻɽɽڣ
Ԩ̬ȺԼƫƫֹ˼δܳΪ룬ܶԨ
ӡҲййĵŭ
ճ鲻ãſ꣬ɱˡ
Ųճʲô壬ӡɱɱˣοӡһͽܣ
ճ
վڽɽϵղһЩӡ
ͬһ۹ռҵճǰͬһῡ壬Ϊճͻƾ磬ûв½ص
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ͬȳճֻǿûѻ÷ôˡ
ղͻȻ򵽣ոո˵Ǿ仰һ̳һԨ
̳ճȴԨ
֮Ĳпᣬ
һӣɽͷɵǣڰͣ
λ
ԦߣƺǰЩղ󣡡
Ҳڣ
ڣߴڵߣеĽɽ׷׾
ɵķҪͣǣҪһ£᲻ἤŭĴ
ȻԼġ
Ǿʬ壬ƺǡ
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Ԩ翴ˣλϵˣָʹԼ¶֡
Ҳʧܺ³ǣݼҴ巢ѡ
һ޴ұڣûʻϢһˡ
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ڵĳξܣֱȭ𪣬ԨͷҾ˵ڵޣƺȻǡҲ֪٣أ٣ǺڶҪ̬
ָ׵ʬ壬⣬Ǻڵ̬ȡ



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ڣߣܻδö֮߶
Щڻ
Ϊڴ󣬲ʱŵС
ͬǣߴڣͼ½ɵߣġĽס
̻ͨὨ¥Ρ룬ûĴߣҲҪһЩ
ԨͷʬϣƬ̶
ں֣չĺܺáûξܣûиӦղ˵һ̣ȥ³ǡ
ţðɡղ
㣬ҪҪȥ¿˵
˵ɡԨ
Խǣշţ³Ƕȥ
;ĵʱɽͣһ£Ԩµĵ죬ܸܳЩ滨ݵ׳ɳ
ΪͷţݼҵլԺײŵνܣҪݼˣִ΢ʶ̽졣
֪լԺײʲôоǺܾûмˡ
뿪ǺĵݼʱٴС
һǵκ
ղȻڣһǰ³㣬;бκĺⲾϮо綾
Ԩ˵ͷκˡ
֪ղڽɽ·İ³ǣԼһΰĸо˵һȥ½ߣǵ۹۷塣µ۹һȥߣӦûһĿ
𪣬һתпǧ˵ߣǾ˰
ʱܽҲ񼤵ңղУ»ħУޣ˺˿־аħ
Ƿޱ䣬ܽղ֪ȻԼ
ûбħᡣ
ǿɲͨӡУͣһΪ״һ컢СԺݵλҪԶԶЩͨĵӡ
Ҳ̫ԨڽɣȥԴ½ˡܽ˵
ԨղֿЦ˭뵽Ԩʱ䣬ټĳƺšȺ̫Ĵ˵ԨȻûмκɣͷɱҪ󡣡
ݴ磬Ӧóܽ͡˵仰ʱУϣԵĳݹâ
ĸı䣬ΪԨΪԨİ¡ɹӶѸٵͻƾ磬ʸ
סүүǾѪҪԨ½չ
ԨҲûԶ
½ع֮󣬲ñ㱻ɫ컢ʹ߿УʺΪ״
Լңһɳ죬ħµ۹
ԨܽһֱĻм;ݴ缴Ǿ粻ߣҲܣǿԻΪģһδδ漣
ˣ˸ٹ̵ӡǣԨԿԶӮȥ
ү
µݼͻȻ녵ĸߺ
Ԩ΢΢һЦʾղ󽫽ɽ³䡣
ݼˣҩūӲӵľɽıСϷԨղܽˣɫˡ
ף
µԨһۣ㾪ϲ
녣ʱ䣬Ȼ˻ξ
ԨͻƵ΢ʶ֮Զһ㡰ۼͻԡۡһȷ녵ı仯
녣ȷһأ׵ξ
ξ֮녵ܶⰿ裬»棬˪ҷĴƮ̫Զͱϵ
νΣܷɵǧ֮⣬ɱźͱϵ
үһ
ϲе㲻˼ͻƵξĲ㣬ǡ̻ͨĸڣͻĸġ
ܶߣͻƾߣҪܶ׼Ҫ˻ҪĴס
녵ĽףȻҲҪд׼
Ԩһ㶣̻ͨôģ
˵ˣԤ֧ңӻʱݼң㣬Ӧøļ˼ɡЩգҴ뿪ЯһЩս󣬺ĵĲˡ
ʱҾҪͻ֮ʱ
ûȺԨ˵һ̻ͨģԴ˿뵽ξЩ̫׵
û£ξңݼ֮ңԨڰ֣ʾؽ黳
ξڵħµ۹Ҳ۷ս
ε۹ĵۻʣλϼҵļ⣬ռң֮ǰңңûлξ
녿뵽ξָūԾӣǾͿΪݼҵĹ䡣
ݼңվһξǿߣʲô
ͱĵ۹ȣͼ½Դ½ɱȣֻħµ۹Ļݼҿνʵۺ
һЩĵҩӣǸڡˡ
³ΣԨʡ
ݼңûʲôԯƺ鷳Ƴһ𪣬ܽղԥһ£иħˣڰ³ڣԯ̫ʹ졣
ħˣ˭Ԩ
Ī⡣녴
Ī⣡
𪣬ʱɫ΢΢һ䡣
ղܽˣ־İһͷˮ
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ԨĪڰ³ǣԯܲʹʱͰü
Ī⣬Ͳ²ͷȻǽĺףڡɷħڲС
ħĬȥȡɷħġ
һ飬Ҳ֤Īļһͷ
ħµ۹ϼҾħֲģĪȻħԺգڰ³ǻԯûޡ
Ī⣬ʲôͷԨȵ
ħһλԪǿ֮ӣ̾
һ˶Ȼһ



ٶʮ Ԫ֮ӣ
Ԫǿߣ
ĸ֣ɽκߣоѹء
Ԫڣںأǿգǽ˵Ĵڣ
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ԣߣִԪԺҪãʮ񣬱嶼Ҫ
Ī⣬ôģ
ĪĵҲһ漣ѹĸֻǷӣ̤֮·Ϊĸ̫ͨλĺӡλ뽫õʸĪ⣬Ī⻹̥ʱͱλעǡ

һֹ̾İ˷ЧĪڳʱĸλ𡣡
λλŮӣȥ֮󣬶Ī⼫簮
Ī츳ѰͽħġתħУǿı츳λںصݵλȻչ˺Ī⣬ĪֻҪӱ

ĪͶ̥Ͷĺã츳עᱻħ㾡еࡣ
ǰȥǽںԡɷħУħƣҲ
ĪڡħϷصħʹƽȵķʽԻҲΪĪĸףԪǿߡ
ѹˡ
Ԩͷѹǽ򺣵ףĪָʹգ֎[ЩˣԪڵƲնɱѪȱ
ɽֻһλھޣԪڵս͵λŲǰ
Ī⸸ףԪ񾳴ޣܹںƶߴޣ
д˵ڣĪǽײƲӻɱ֪ˣΣ
ҺĪ⸸׽а壿
Īħħ֡ٴοڣһܲǣͲҪǡ֪ûԹʲôħǱҲ
ħ֣ѹôšղ
ʦѾף
ΪղĿǰݣʵܽһء
ɫ컢ֿȵǺӵͷѾԽ˽ˡ
ĪȻԪ޵Ķӣħڼ½λȻǳ֮ߡ
ܽҲһĪ⡣
ͽܣѡܼҡ
ӣɾδһˡ
ӦĪòŶ԰ɣԨһת
۾һԨһۣ˵λĪĸյġ
׿ǼǸŮˡԨ
꣡
һȻգԨһۣ˵ǵţɲ׵㾳ʱߣǿһ㣬˵֣Ӧħ꿴㡣
ܽͷͷġ
ﵽԪ񾳵۷ǿߣ񡢱ںδںһ֣֮һһֻꡣ
༶ǿߣֻҪһںأ˷صߣǣᵼӦ
ԽǿǣĸӦԽǿңһ𣬾ܺռ䣬ֱӽڴˡ
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Ԩֻ΢Ĵųǿң˵סʱγɵĲǳСλܻоȴ˷һ˿
ԨҪǵִ񾳣ھûκڱʱ˵ס֣λӶ
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Ԩᳶ¶һЦݣ˵󣬲Ҫɽˣ⶯̫ˡ
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ˡæ
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ʱ֣³ݼҡ
ү貣棬ݼҴϾϯгڵˣ䳤ϣʳ
Ԩˣ
ԨǵеЩˣܲϤܣ
үԨڵһЩˣвٿ䵱УԼžƱһڿʹˣȥ˼ӡ
ԨꡢػλչֶΣݼڰ³վȡ
ֲݼĺܶҩݣ񱻸ѣҩڣ۹ҫ۹ļ壬Ҳ˹ɹ
ǵ̻ͨᣬ׳֦ڳҪڹҩݵļ
貾ӣһ֣ʶ׵΢ĸоԨݼңħµ۹΢ߣ
貺Ը߰ĺڳ˶ݡ
һĿ⣬үӺ⣬ûԨʽִ΢أҲ͸ոնʮͷѣ
ʲôү޵΢ˣ
ʮ꣬ͳ嵽΢
ҪûǴүʮʱûпʼаɣ
㣬Ҳʱ䣬үȷͶʮ꣬ô뵽ʶ΢ô΢˵ħµ۹ˣǬ½ٰ
еʱ䣬⾰絽΢Ǹֲ

һ֣ݼұ񣬺ͶĿ䳤ϣǵһμԨֻлͥĿ䣬඼ʮ꣬˴뱲ӡ
Ŵ˵еݼүȻö̶ʱ䣬ֱ΢°ͶҪˡ
ݼҴڣǿ佱̾ǲ˼Ŀ⡣
үţȺ԰ڵԨ̫Ӧ̣ǿظЦţЩͷ⡣
Ȼǰʱδޣүү
ξɱ޶Ϊаħ
Ƿޡ
һǰҹ
бɢү쿡۪ɢȥȵأԨһ֦ïʢҩԣô΢̫үүˣǴٹ꣬ҵ磬ٳԵġ
ָŽ£ڣ֪صܣԼԡ
ԨһͷѺܾá
˼Żذ³ǣүһ棬һ棬һĵĺ棬֪λУСͱȥе̣ؽݼʱڵصʲôܡ
ݼˣ޵΢ʶУпһ
ãҪ񾳡
ԨȲˡ



ٶʮ аϭ
һʶ̰Ȼŵص͸
ԨۣʶڵصǱһֻ֣ŵص׵
ʱһʶһӲ΢ʯ塣
ȻһʶѴ͸ʯ壬ܼ¡
ʶͿԴǽ͸أֻʯ壬һʶһᱻ谭
ǣڵµʯ壬ӡŶС
ţһʶȻӦǿʯ壬ɢݳ⣬ƼӡʯϵС
һһʯ֮
ӯԨǵģеѪԷ˷Ӧʶһ͵ŵ·ȥ
Ѫһִʯ壬ڴ·ʯ壬ʹ𾪵
ʶ̼䣬ȻǿʯϷУɢžѪвקסѪڽѪͷ
ѪУǳѪ̣
Ԩͷһ
ĪɳѪ̣
һһɰǿѪʯڱ
Żڣ
Ԩٴһɫø
ӴԡŻĿս򰾹ǣԹŻУԵǿѪʵϤˡ
֪೤ĵصʯ壬Ѫ̵ѪУŹŻڵǿѪ֮
λΪḶ́ʲôͷ
ͣ
Ѫص׵ʯɣһһֵзţƺҪѪȷݡ
ֻݼˣͻƵ΢ʶ̽ã񾳡Ϊ޳͸ȥ۾ȥֻǴ
ⷬ
ȷݼˣ
Ѫ̣ѪУͨѪ
ﵽ΢ߣȻԽеŴ򿪣ѪſѪص
ʱѪ·õ֤ǰöʶԽʯ塣

һʶ͸ʯ壬׹һյСء
ǣһص׵ҡ
ʶţȥҵжһ£ҵײʲôλΪḶ́׸ݼҺʲô
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һ˹ɫޱ䡣
ʲô֣
Աߣɢ˵үӣ֣͡
û뵽ݼңȻͷһԨԼľƽݼңȻаϭĺˡ
аϭ
ξ𣬡ôܣô֪˵аϭָ߰ǰаڵǸϭ𣿡
ҳаߣ֮⣬˭Ԩ
ϭ߰ǰаڣǧѰĿţ
аʱ½ħ֮⣬аھǿɡ
ʱаڣĳħһкħƽƽļơ
߰ǰϭԪǿߣ˵սУħڶǿΧɱ
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εаϭ״ӣҲھڴޡ
Ԩһʶײһؼ͸֪ݼаĺˣаս֮ǰǬ½µĺˡ
ϭ߰ǰûǳսݼҽᱻаڣһɳ졣
ˣͽݼͷΣ͸¶
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ү貣Уڻûгֻ֣߬ϵ૵ݼңаᣬаϭа
Ԩ𾪹󣬺ܿ侲Ȼʼ顣
ģû˵̫͸顣
Ϊ˵ԨһݣûȫĹСԣ֪һԨаϭôһڣҲֻԾѡ
ģǰʱһЩаĴ˵
аϭ߰ǰħڵħ̴ЦǺѣϭҪõѣѪ̵İġ
ʱİģѪ̵Ľ
ּӦǰĵĺˣŮŮ
Ѫ̵ĽģпǺأ֪ݼұͷˣ֮ݼңʮа˾ǰĵķԸ
ܣ綼֪ΪʲôҪڰ³ǣݼҡ
ڰ³ǺݼҵжԶģǻƼңƼұѪ̣һλͼ谵³ǣȥļһ
⣬˵ǰĵĿΪһӡ
ǱŻڵǿ·Ƴ츳ߣִһ󣬸ͨģ֪ݼаϭĺˡ
ܹڵʯӡʱѪ̵ˣıϡ
صǼʯңȻʲôڣֻһʶĿǰֻܽӴһ
û޷ڣͲؿ
Ԩ¡ܲܶ⽲
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ɡԨæҡͷ̣ܹʱƺǱаڵǿ׷ɱµһƼܡ
аڣΪʲô׷ɱ貺ȵ
صף֪ԭˡԨüͷһ壬һơ
κԯƮȻֵسˣҲң



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ԯƣۣһ˫ҫ˼ǳΡ
ƮȻһӯʻվԨү֮䡣
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Ԩڰ³ʱ䡰ҺݼҺչˣݼҺܶ෽㣬үӿ۵ףĹ۸Ȼѡ
ܿͲˡԯ̾
ԨһΪΣ
ұħʽɣݸ۹Ĺ涨Ҫжε۹Ҫְԯͣɣڸ۹֮ϡֻҪԴ½½ɽɣͲǬ½ķ
貵ͷġ
۹ļӣһ½Уأ඼ᱻߣǰԴ½½С
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ˣ۹ڵ۹شְ
ԯڳħڵ£񣬱ҫ֮˳ħڵʱͽɽײ㡣
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ܶʱģҲܹͨġ
ǸħĪ⣬³Ǹ߼ҵ峤쵽˰³ǣ˻ȡңΪ³ǵ³ԯ̾һ߼ң֪ôͶħǸҲŸո񡣡
߼ҡ
üͷɫ΢
½ʱҽӴ³Ǹ߼ҵĸߺ裬ϧǸߺ˽ء߼ңѵݼʲôڣԨ
½أٳûͷҡƴǵģи߼ҵĸˡһ£˵֪߼ǰǺ͹ŻеԨԴ𣿡
ֻˣŻУŻжѡԯƺ֪Ľ϶࣬߼ҵλˣڹŻû̫ɾͣսʱĪˡڵ۹Ϊħµ۹ϼҳΪʱƺͶħһˡ
ԯͣһ£˵ˣǺħĪһġ
Ԩ΢žͲ³ȥ
ħλԪ񾳴ޣħ̴Ц죬һĪĸס
̴ЦΪħˣȻǼ½ȨƵĴ֮һ
ǺߣͬţִԪ񾳡
һħλԪڣڲҲϵֱ
ϼңħ̴Цһħ޷ֲģϼִƵ۹µ۹Ϊħµ۹Ȼ̴Ц˳
ףŵħһ
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ֻҪأħɣ¼뺣ߵݣΰ³ǵĳ
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ʱյİ³ǣûŵطïʢħµ۹ߴǳصһԾǰУҪԽ³ǡ
³ǣ˵۹ģܳΪǳصĳһ׳żİ
ˣ˰³ǵĳݣûŵص׳ø߼ңΪħµ۹ĵڶ塣
ϼң
˱ףĪ⣬ĪǽʱͺԨìܳͻȺǣݺԨ
ˣԭͺݼҲΪ³ǵĳȻѹݼҡ
Լңаɫ컢ĵܽԼұδظҺ
ݼңûκǿɡ
е鷳Ϊҳħڵħ֣ʽǰǺսԯüͷһε˵򱻽ħڣǱСҫˣҲڱչس񡣡
ҫܲԕFڳħڹϵܵˡ
ڸԯڳħڵλݣء
ҫչأܲԕFսӳħʱòǿİ
ħǱߣҲͨǵĿռ䴫ȥ½ĳħУʱȥܰ³Ǻԯҵ顣
ĪⱳħǱߣҲ˲
ѹĪ³ǡԨĵľƣӦһľޱ䣬쳣ĶܲԕF½񣬲ŻᱻҴҵأȥǺսҪǲżûŵأǴһӣ̽̽Ϣ
Ǳߣ̻ͨὨ˷ֲߴפаڡڵͣʹǶϢͨ
ԨãԯǴһӣľΣ
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ս
ԨȣľɽаĻ
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ͨռûкһ˦飬ͳ½أֻˣǲħӿģĿռͨǻ
飬ڽռͨʲôط档
һͷ䲻شļ飬ʩչռڻ£Ūصİɣ
ˡ
Ȼ䣬Ԩĺ
Ԩʯʶ˲䵹ӿʶСأһˣط硣
һͷǿĵħǱڵصϵ㡣
оԨѹһθѶͷħ֪ң֪ɷħҲӶ֪㡣
ħԨ㶣ʲôħǿϹѨһͷħƾʲôܾĴڣ
֪
ڴʱԨ
һֱı亮⣬ҹĻһű޹ǳ
ʶ̧ͷ졣
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
ԨȻʧɫ붼룬͵شߡ
һĵ¹⣬Ǳ磬ͻȻƿǿսڣֱ
𣡡
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ħ䶯ڵħ⣬ʹ¹⽻㣬ԨڵһգͻȻ硣
ɷħɷħ𣿡
Ԩ
Į򣬷׷״ɷħĹâ
СأԨŭȣǺӣȻܿܽһ¹⣬ռ併ڴˣڣħפߣϹ𣿡
ﵱ겻ɢΪԼȫʱַʽ
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Ĺһ£ʧ
Ԩ˵ȣ˵Ӧðȫ󣬲ųӶС߳
һɷħһ޲ԵĻʶСض
˰㣡󾪣ҪԨϹѨĴ󶦣Сָ̬Ͻ;޴뽫Ԩס
ϧѳһ



ʮ ӰҶ
һƬӯҶӣ͸ŨľϢȻԨʶСƾո֡
ԨصĻǣƬҶĵִ͡
˼·˲ɥʧ
ӯ̵ҶӣʶСأƵأصĻǶ
˼άͣжһƬССҶӣĸоȻȻʱԨҶһ⣬ҪĻǣ
飬ȻԿ̬ܵȥӭƬҶĵ
Сģ
˻ХȻ˺Ѷɡ
Ԩ͵ؾѡ
ٿƬӨӨҶʶСأ⣬һϸСĽĻǡ
Ҳڴ˿̣ǧ˿Ƶھâ㴥ְ㣬Ԩͷ­ơ
ͣ
ھâɱ˲ԨʶСðƬ̵ҶӣҪԨʱâһһײǴҶӡ
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ڣҪԨûʱƬҶȻʧ١
ǧ˿ƵľâͬɷħԨ¹ʱѸȥ뵽
СأԨһ亹ɫ
ԡ¡ǳλ
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ĺǳҲ
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һ㣬ͻɢˡ
һڶƬҶǺ˶֣
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һֵǾâ
ǵصͷǿĵħӦ
ħĮΪնɱаħͷħҲڱɱĿ֮УΪңԨȵ
Եȡ
תСأһشصħƣԨ̧ͷһֻⷽСأѹڷӿ

ڳµɷħ͵ڳĮɳء
Ԩ˫ŴأȻɷħڣȻͼ͵ڶɷħһһҵظֳվ档
ƨɳ죬ڿɳأԨͷ˿¡
һɢɱϢĻӰʹµɳ
ͷ֪ĵħûΪˡ̬һſӡַƤس
ħԣ¼֮ƤƤɳȪ
Ԩһ㵣Ȫ
ǵˡ֪ĵħ̹ϵص飬˵ˣƤ㴩ܵڣλӰҶ˵ιǰͨɷħƤǡɸӰҶ˵İϮ
ڣӰҶˣ
ԨҲƤһץסλΣô˵ĵħ˵ûиӰҶ˵ˡ
ڣߴˣûһλС
ǵڰ˸ˣֻû棬ΪӰҶ˶ڣһЩ˵ĹħؽͣλӰҶֻǻξڣûн׵ҲΪˡ
˽£ΪĹףͱĬǵڰλˡ
˵ˣʱλԯѣҲڼִʱӰҶ͵Ϯ̻ͨλҲ
ħ˵Ļ
ԯ㣬Ҳˣ
Ԩĵŭ棬̼䣬ͱȼˡ
ȻǵãǵԯˣǵϮĻĲ²⡣
ΪԪڣħĪΪôû뵽ȻƤӵµڡ
ӰҶǻξûеִûŵسûΥءħ˵ӡǳѡУҪڻɽɾ񣬱ġӴӡ˳˴ơ
ûŵأ˹˼Ҷ֣ӰҶϮɱѡ
ڣѾ뿪ûŵأߣʱ̹עϡ
⣬ûȷ̬ħ֧ţ֮µߣҲˣοڵ㣿
ͷǿĵħΪ˳ȪһƤȥ
˵ħ֪ԺδԺֹ֮أָƣԨһϸĽ
ֻͶԵɡ
ħôһ仰£ڵصǧﴦһ㶯û
Ԩ
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Ԩԥͽ£ųȪƤ㣬ٽɫϡ
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߳󶦣ݺվϷ֣ͷųɷħ˺ܶˡ
ܶˣԨȡ
ţܽװڣкЩʶģɷħĳ֣߹ˡݺһۣкܶ࣬ʶģȴˡ
֣ԿĮܱߣ˵Ļ켣
ûڵˣԨȵ
аģܽȺն졣ݺʱԨϮڴڣûʲôඣۣûŵˣҲͰˡ
ۣ
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ڣ̣ܸģ
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λԨ𣿡
ݺԨ̸ʱһ龧۳żʮڵĵӣ˹
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ûŵشռ䴫һҵġ龧ۡѹڵӣһˡ
ʮڵӣͷӶأָԨ۷׷ס
˵Ԩ˹ʺˣûֵ֧İ³ưܼСүִɷħܵõǰѽʣڵЩļʡ
˵Сӣǳħԯ֮һԯ˵ħŮҲͳħڣħܽɡһλڵŮӣ̱ش£ҪŮˣϼңҪġ
ڲڮԯ˳㣬ȥԨ
ǸС˭Ԩָݺѯʡ
ʶݺͷҡģ˹İ㣬أʶҵġϾڵĴأҼȻʶ϶ǲֵһСɫ
ŶǾûСˡԨ˵ͷ˷ŮŭȣСˣܱʺĳ𣿡



ʮ һ
龧ۡϷʮ̸۵ˣȻ
ݺһȻ𾪵ؿԨ
ȻûϵԨ˼ҵķʽλԯŮӿ
ΪԨ˱⣬ǳ䡣
㼫ˡ
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߸ߵ֤˵
ˣɫˮͷƺˡ
ŮȻҴϢһ˫۾˲ŭŵߣָԨ
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ݼС㾹Իڵ
龧ۡǰˣվһλ񾳺ڵߣŭɶɱڵ
С龧ۡϵڵӣһĪı飬ͬ顣
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Ԩֿ죬һЦ˶Ұ³ǳǷŽԻ;˵Ļ֮ͥ£Ȼó˵ԼҪͱ˵
ħڵħŮ˵½֪ô˵ŮеİߣȻͷųɵӨ⣬һʶȻ͸ȥ߾ʹķɳ
˵˵ˣͳʺˣûʲôԨЦúúãֵģɱ顣
䣡
ڵɷħͻȻٴƯ޶һתһħƷĹâߡ
ߣҴӡ龧ۡ룬Ůӻûüκβȣͱںħš
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΢ϸƣҲһ˲䣬ʹӳϸ֡
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ӣԼһ̨¡
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ͷӰһκ󣬾վڡ龧ۡǰ
ʦֶ
ڡ龧ۡѹλ񾳺ǿߣͷˣɫ΢䡣
΢΢һЦɡ
˳һ£ͷʾͬ⡣

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ڣÿһᱻƺΪˡ
ǰʲôܹΪԶ
ĬϵĹء
Ȼڣ״õǸζڵݵλϺݺ൱
ڣߴλһУڡԪڡڽаǿš
ݵλݺһ㡣
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ҽ
Ԩ΢΢лҳ˵ڵĵӣԣҪ۵ġ
ŵĴɡȡ£ס
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ݺһ࣬ʦ֣˰ɣ
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䣬ſɡ
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ԨͷͼҹĻµգȻʧ
ȡ֮ģһƮ죬й¥ɽޣдȫ硣
ɡ
ݺأͷͨס
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⻰˼еĻɡǿ˿̵ɷħԳ
⣬ľΪս飬ǿһء
Ǳߣš龧ۡмʮڵĵӳϡ
˫ʵԾͲԵȡ
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ڣȻǸɣҽʶˡϮûɱң㣬ĸͽĿŵأ֡
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ûκıУûŭҲûҪ塣
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Ϯݺʧڣжˣ
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еĻԣ˻šѾ߳龧ۡվڡɡµأһףƯԨǰɷħħԺ󣬾ͲӦС
֣ѵУԨЦ
һΪ˶ѡһһĮȻĪ⡣



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ݺʧСʦ֣˵״ӣҲţĪ
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·𣬡ɷħ֮
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䣡䣡
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ͣ



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ߣһ챦ټӻɡȷ֡
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Ȼɷħ֣Ӧ֪һҵҲˡԨһǰն´˼ĽʣԤ׵أС
꣬ӱ۹ǵĽӡڷݶԨֱۺͽʴһ
һɡ



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Ҳڴ˿̣Ԩʶ񣬳ն´޵ľС
컯ۻѪһʶȥͨ꣬ӦŽʲдĽ⡢â

ŵıӨ֣ԨԽʣָǡɡɡʱԨڱĽ顣
ĮĺԨ͸Ĳ⣬Ŀ־塣
ϲ
ԴѶλǺӣԶħɷ֮󣬵һλ֮ģطСء
ҵǣԨǵˡ
ڶɷħͬûɷħԨж°־

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ͫһ͵ǿҲУֵָָƿһѪһεѪ䡣
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ڽɡȻһҪʮ˺Χľ
ɡľжʧȡ֮ģһֺأһɽرڵġơ
꣡
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ӽʷ糺콣âԨ䶯֮䣬΢ϸ룬Ե棬Ǿɡһ档
һ㣬ɡ˲һ棬ֵһᡣ
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һѪС
Ѫɫ·һͷߵĲǣΣѡ
ʼհţû˯Ѱ۾ڴ˿̣ȫˡ
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糺콣â΢ϸ֮Ǿɡ
ڡ硱ڲ磬ɡ綥ʯبԨ֮䣬ʮɣ˿类ٻ㣬͵ײ
ݺۿԨȡ֮ɱڵأռƣæ԰ˣҪܾ˰
ܾˣ
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һССָͷһɫ磬ͻȻԨѨϡ
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һأӲӵĴָͷԨؿڡ
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һ֮󣬽ͽĴָͷܴѪСء
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Ԩѡ
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˽ĺĵףԨѳĸС



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Ƶʯ⾧ڣ氲촽鶯΢
ݺĵȻ⣬ʱо氲ں氲ƿ֮Уɲ
Ԩһش𲻺ãͷڣŵӣͻɢ
Ԩ֣Ȼϸ֫
ݺЩӲûб˶ԴǲڣҲ졣
ĺ伱絴ȴûر𿹾ܵĸо
죬۲룬һѾ㺣ԨľٶȻŴˡ
ķӵڻУԨظܳһʼܽţ֫彩ӲɺܿͷԼȥǵƾٶ
뻳ƢζԨЦݲãݺڵݺǰ΢أעĿһ£Ӧ֪֮Ĺϵ
ϴڷϼһͬµɽѾͷɲǰ氲һרעҩУ֪黨ǲݣԵסʦ𣿡
ǰҩ棬氲Ī֮ȻҲᱣǺͭԿס
氲УһԨǼټ
ۿСӣһԯһݺ;ôвġ
ǰ
Ԩٴι֣Ҿ飬鰡֪ģҾܺ˵˵˵ġأҲԼ
ӳĮ뿪Ҳȥ½أǻ氲ߡ
ǰɶڵӰҶˣҲڵصĳһæӰҶԨ֪ܵ
֪ˡѾͷĴһЩÿĶ
һ仰Ƕݺ˵ġ
䣬ʯ⾧ʱѣݺһԨ̱ȥ
Ǳ氲ŵġ
ͨ氲ӣɻǲ̫ͷڣŲΰӣ˭ʲô
ֻ֪ûԨ§ûԨϵѾˡ
ˣö̻굤ڹ۲ˡԨһöҩһʯ̨£Ȼ˵氲
氲ݺʧɫ氲߷塪Ǹ氲
Ԩͷ
ϵ֪֪ϵ氲ںصݵλʦڵߣݺȻʦУˣ֪ûص氲жôĿֲ
ôʶģȲˡҪǵãոտĻ棬Ҫ֪κˡһ£Ԩ䣺ʦ
ң֪ˣĻ𣿡ݺЩԹ
ԣԨͷµ裬ҩЧ߷֪ķѾѪȥ˼𵢸顣
ֳֹ챦ڶصϣǱ߳һΡѹ֣ѹˡݺһ𣬱ðոӳյˣȻ氲;¡
˼ȻڳĮȻ߾ӿ˶аħ
аħߣλƿӰҶĹƵĵħҲݺȵ
ԨͷӰҶӦûˡ
氲ԸΪһ仰ɱڵĵڰˣݺٴξС
ġ
˵仰ʱԨʮ㡣
氲ǰõѣ˽氲֪Ƣԡ
ɣ氲ΪİУλȺԯνڰ˸ɱ
ڣĵǣΪʲô氲ڳĮ
ΪʲôЩħа飬࣬氲ΩǴӣ
氲ǺפصҪѵ氲Լˣͷ˺ܶӿ룿
氲վɵĶ棬ؾ氲Ǻصͽˡ



ʮ Ԯ
龧ۡռۡ
һͷ׷ᣬƬƬӲӵۼףʱϷй磬ڵĵնɱ
߼ķ룬սߵĻξ൱
վڡ龧ۡĴֳ࣬šɡɫۼףͷͻɡ龧ۡڡ
龧ۡĺ񾳵ΪҲκβ߼
ǡɡڲСأ߼ɵһƬƬɫۼף롰ɡȥ޻أ龧ۡϵڵӣء
߼ĴǬ½ɲȻǲš
üͷֵǣѶȥٽıɵӣƺҲͬ鷳˹ȡ
һ˯ѵӣֹǣˣҲΣѶңڵˣź෴ȥԾڣͱ˵ģȻǽᡣ
𾪵Įð˶ĻѪ࣬͵ħ
ǵϢǰĮа̫ǿֻٹ弶Ĵͬսĵħла
Ϊļһ½أ󣬺Ϳ־֮ءκ
ˣӿĮġаߣûǿĳѹ
˭Ҳû뵽һʼɵġажȻ䣬ѳ̶ȼӣʼ߼Ĵðͷ
Ĵɻɡ꣬ļٻ
΢΢ɫӰҶʦԮ
ӰҶˣںδȣȵ
ڳĮüͷŽ£ȷе˵ǽµĵصףĳֲڶϣһ޵ƬҶӣͨ˻ɡɡһá
ɣֹɡӲͷԵϮɱ
⣬ͬԥĵط
Ϊɡ֣ͷ߼ĶԲŲ˷ǻܽ龧ۡսˡ
ûˡɡͷ߼Ե׷ɱ£˵ͬˣԼûܰȻ
һĹȻģ
ôˣ
ӰҶʦˡ˵仰ʱ΢΢һĮԣʵˣԥʱһɡ꣬ոմϵ󣬺Ȼˡ

;綼󣬱ߣ֮򶨣ԶʧֽУͷǻֲ̿˭˭ɱӰҶȻǻξóǱӶݣ
˵ͬĴڣǸ߳һ磬ޣ˼ĴʤףҪɱǻذ
ӰҶ˵ĸߺȣá龧ۡڵĵɵˡ
ǰ³ǵԨ˵ӰҶʦڳĮҲûеõϢλڵδ䣬ʱڣ侲˵Ԩ˵Ԩ¹֣ԨӦþĮĿꡣ
٣һĿꡣ
˼⣬˵Ȼڵص˵ߵľԶԶǾսѹ׵
ոµȻȥϵĮ˵أʧأ


һö̻굤ָһӵݺʶĻۣκۡ
һ۾ͿԨڰϼ£Զ
Щʲô
ݺıӰһ̲סѯʡ
֪ΪΣ֮ǰԨӵ뻳氲ǹϵ֮;ԼԨ׽һ
ķģǻڴġ
ΪֻǿԨıӰÿϲá
оΣԨתϼ£¶һЦ
Цݲõģݺ˿̵ԨԴһħĺЩңȥ
һãûʲô󰭡ݺᴹͷ
ҵܽղ󣬿װڡԨһ£֎[ͺգҪ֪ǣǾӳĮ뿪
仰˵꣬ݺѹ뵽氲ڵص׵һĻ棬ҲĲ֪ˣ
ģǰԨղܽطͨڵһλϡ
һӣһʯ⾧µġȻҫһڲеѶϢͷš
ȻżԦһ߸ղܽһǰ
ϼɣҹĻ٣Įʮ
ڡͿշʱԨʱʱбҹ̶
Դ½ͼ½ЩɵˣأڱϮɱ
ͷ׷龧ۡҿȣҲΪѡ
Ѫڵ뾲ˣ׷ᣬƺҪڵˣʬڳĮ
С
ͨݺһĻĻ棬ԨԨڵĳĮƶôϾ
Ԩһһ߲ʱͷ
ʱ󣬡䵽ڵĿװ֮أװںʮڵĵӣΪһ
ڣţеĽס죬ལɭɭ
ʮ齣ڽڲһŽɫëĴΧ
󺺵Ľɫë£ƺǻҰǣһͲǳˣʮа˾ҲǻѪֱ࣬ӾǺ塣
ĸߴĺӣΧţɫɽ
Цţһ㶼ǣϾʱ֣ϲӬ㣬Ĵһ¡
Ĵ򵽵齣˲齣ĽӣϾƺһһƨأһöҩָ
ⲻǻѪߣǿĴ壡
ݺϷͷܿĵµս桭
һڣ˵氲֣벻ԾϽ
Ԩʾһ£촽鶯Ԩ֪氲ǺصĵطҪ壬ֹǽء
ǵ䶯Ԩˣ˵ͷڵȣ˹ɱڡ
ݺ



ʮ Ҫ࣡
ݺ
ԵµĽӵܣһˡ
վʯأĿԶԨһ۾Ϳʮλڵӣһպʯ
ʯƶʯ壬Ŷصɡ
޺ʯԣʱɢ䣬ʱ£Գҵڵʹ಻
޼Щڵӣ˱ʯײ˲ѣꡱر͸
ϲǣһ͸Ǳ͹ʹ
ûã˳Ųס
ʮ飬عչʯ£վһźɫëë壬Ҳʯӡ
λ壬ɫëµǣΪɫʯ
ΪСһ㣬ȴΪ׳Ψûëϣ˺ɫʯơ
׷ɱڵӵģһʯ·Ǳٿء
ʱװڣϽڵĵӣὣΧ£ŵλɫë󺺣ڲŲæ·ڵ
ȽڵĵӣȻ֣ԿװΪ׵Ľ˺ɱ
ݺǣ
߰
ڵĵӣһʯ׷ţע⵽Զͣĺţƴظ
Ǻ֮⣬ˡ壬һݵǿ壬Ƥ壬˵һأɽ֮׳ݺѹͣʦ˵ˣǵأǵɽɾ޴ƻ
塣Ԩ૵
氲ںأϵ߷塪壬ڵɽǴ˷ߵɽ
ھϵģ˵壬ʵɽ
ΪˣıǺӣһҪˣҪִء
ȥ򣬸Ϊ氲ѹˡ
дˣҲֹһڴ˷氲ҲڵصǲǾʹ氲ı˺أ
氲ѣǷĻҲߵƤӵ
룬İ£ûŵصףûŵسɾ
վǱߣ
뵽Ԩֻͷۣ֪Ժúȥδӡ
ʱݺü΢壬ϲڵѯԨ죿
ԨͷǿװָˣԼûгȫԥһ£˵Щɡ
ãװδȫܳһš
ŰڵЩˣҲϲɡݺ΢ʹһջԶȥ
ݺ
˵ĺֱ
Ƭ̺
ݺԦšҵܽղˡ
ܽһ˵أ׷һͷֳİɫ޻Աߣͷ޻ϣݺύܼѪۣԵЩʧǡ
ͣԨ䡣
Ԩ
ղѪûƺսô˰ԨĮ̫ԾڵݺϽ뿪ɡ㲻ɵӣҲûЧҵ㻹ǿûŵأ
̧ܽͷһԨˣǿһ˿Цݣָͷȥİɫ޻˵Įͷߣһֻɱˣ˵ֻڵȺͱ
ݴ磬˵û㲻ˣڳĮΣգϽߡ
ϣݺͷǣɫ졣
ԨҴѰҪȰղܽ뿪û뵽һ֣ûüڣȰԨȳ
ԨΪǣĮľƣһͷȡ
ֳ֤ĮԾģڡ
һֻס
ԨһǼ䣬뵽ǽʱһֻȻİ׺ףдѵˡ
׺ףͻѻ˷·С
ڳĮһֻҲȴİ׺ףɱ˰ɫ컢ᣬƺڳһأɱ⡣
ֻ׺ףжⲻĳԹ
ǽֻǽֻ׺ףѾȫˡݺϷһ䣬ͬһȺͬһֻ
Ԩ˵ͷǰЩˣԳ
ݺٴοڣҵܽ˴ϵģȻûŽº󣬸֪ˣûдȺڵˣǽ˴ߣе鷳ġ
Ԩǲֿһǣ̤Į
ղʱվҽĮǰʦ֤һܶˣ
ݴ磬ǻ뿪ģһ𡣡ܽ˵㲻ùǵģߡ֪ܳ㻹ɷħ
Ҫ뿪ɣݺ
ǰĵص׻棬֪һʵ˿̵ĳĮӿ氲ԵаħԵرɵӣѹơ
氲ı֣磬м֡
֣Įɵӣˡ
˵ˣЩص׵аħһһȥĮаˣ
һĺܿ졣
ǣµħ꣬Ĵƺż
һͷȻݺļ両֣˲侪һ亹
ص֮£氲˳ɵЩ飬аûһðر֮ɱ⣬һǿ
ǣҪȸɣǲԽԽǿĳϿ
Ȼ̵أԵ
Ҫĸ࣡



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ԨԾ
ղܽĮΪͨǰֿ氲
֪ϵ氲ھΪֳ֡챦ǿס
氲սߴڵ٣δֵˡ
οЩС
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ƫƫ˼縺Σȷ̬ӵܣһŴӳĮ룬һ⡣
ݺǱߣŵĹҲܽ
ƿصġɷħͬ͡һʺص
ɷħһУһ࣬涼Ӱ졣
Ͼɡɷ顱ΪɷħĴ󶦣ȿǻĳ
飬ûѪǣҲû
֮ϣݺһ˫ǵǳҫԨл˵
Ŷ
ԨӰһᣬǿʯʲô
ݺС֣һӣںķͽĸ֪ͻ͸ΣҸоĮһУûԽԽǿߡλ
ݺܽû˵氲֣ǵı챦죬λһͷŵµаǴ뾲ܽǴѶȥøɣʶĮǲǿߵִ
ȻԳĮΪУкߣɴ
λڵ£Ԫ񾳣ʮ٣ȻǸɵҲκβ
ʦ˵۷ڣǺж֣ʱ䲻
ôĻڲ֮أɹ˿ء
ݺһݵأеĲ²⡣
ԨĬĬţϸĥһ£֪ƶӦʵ
氲ںصݵλǳĳȻ⡣ݺֵΪʲôʹаɵ֣⣬ߣ˺硣
ݺô룬ף氲Ϊλᱳء
һ⣬ͻԨԺӹ
͵һκ氲ʱ¶ݣ氲ҪǰѺͭԿʱ氲ҲҪһ顰޾ꡱ
ϼ氲ֿǱڵУܵأסһ˿氲ҪΪˣҪһö컯񵤣ҪǡƺǺӣܹλߣ뵽ľڣ
ڵĳλ뢣Ѱ˳ŵ
氲ԣֻҪֿܻݣҲںھڵΪػֿǺӵκһأڵ
Ǽ䣬ԨΪҵ氲˷صԵɡ
Ϊ
ž
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սͨɣҹɫ¹âĿ
޴ս£·𰵴һ׳أ׾ɣ̺ǵܡ
ս
ݺԶһȻðսݡ
Ԩϸܿ޴ġսϷֶţʮλβһߡ
ʮλߣ̸ۣ̬˵ģ
ʮԨʱ۾
˲ʶʮλսߣʹ˿ڳĮЩӵܣѾһ;Ρ
ˣǻξ񾳣
ǣ;յϢԾڵĵ̫࣬ԸɵĳϣĿ䣬׷ױ
ף
ԨЩУϤξܡ
ڵξܣξڵΪûŵصġ
û뵽Ҳڴ조սЩͬˣһڴˡ
УӸλЩɵĳϣ໥̸ţû֡
ֻսʱһâţͽ;Ļ飬а˲ɱ
ݣ
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ʮˣҲûпɻҵħ
ս𽥱ƽע⵽ʱ˸սȻ٣ɲǼ䣬һƬͣס
Ԩ
սϣڵξܣһԨݺһվȵ
Ԩξֿ죬˵ͷǴк
Ԩ
ܽղ󡣡
šսģɵߣξܵǷ͵ע⵽Ԩˡ
ЩˣɲںԨĸܣһƵĻֱӸն
ߣ
ݺСŭݣһӣһȦʵĹ֣أԨ֮ס
ͣͣ
һƻ¹֣棬޷õԨϡ
ʱԨֳξ⣬ģˡ
ߣλƺǻξ
֮⣬ˮڣŻڣ̫Ԩڡ
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ÿһʯСڲеĻƺڲţǿĻ顣
վȺУЦƺҲûرԨ
ԨĸоУ˵ִ֮ע۾Լϣúǲ
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˵ִҡ
Ԩ΢Ȼ;ãλڶĵڰˡӰҶˣѾİ£氲ɱ
ֻӰҶˣڲŻᱻ𶯣˹
ݺˣǰξǰ
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ֵܱģһ£ϤģֻǳЦ
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ݺڣƵһμ̳ߣִơ֤
ҶԴ½ʥٽ˴Ҳ֪֪ףԹЩˣݺǿ̵ͷ
м仰뵥һԨ
ݺᵽˣž޲ԺȻݺҪˡ
⡭
ݺ¶⡣
֪ӰҶ˰ϮԨٷְţ֪£ǰˣȻ֪ˡ
ΪˣڴȨֵĺĸ߲㣬֪飬ҪԨ
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ݺֲУоͷˣԨųȥڵˣⱲӣҲԨˡ
һ뵽ֺᷢʱˣеġ
Ҿʼ仰ѡٴοڣüͷ΢΢һ壬Բˡ
̷ʦҲ£Ѿˣ̷ʦõȣݺſںҲŲš



ʮ ˣ
̷ʦ壬̷ɽ
˽䣬ʵ̤սļƣǴ㲻ݺͬ⻹ǲͬ⣬ֱӽԨߵġ
ݺ˵Ǹ̷ʦԨʱӰգս֮䣬ͻȻͣ
ݺæͷ̷ʦ壡
̷ɽˣ
⻰ʱ˽ݺ۾·뿴С
ˡ̷ʦҪҰԨĮȥݺĻشһɶûԨѯʹǽͷǿվ޵顣
˲һָͷСʯ֯Ȼҫ͹
ʯڣ˿˿ƵĻţγһ΢
ݺһ㱣Ȼ;ӡڵػһĨ䣬Լ쳣
Ƕμ䣬ǲǰ̷ɽٿȻ̸ĳ
̷ɽȻĻˡ
ڵˣһַɻ󣬡ȻڲǰΪûʱʸ
ݺȻ˲ףλ֮һˣһʯȡڵػļ䡣
ǰһк򣬾Ȼ̽ҵļ䣿ݺȻŭڣôԴģ
ǴкĴ䱸֪˵滹Ǽ٣һݺĲͻȻ¶ԨΪʲôţ
һսϵĸͣ·ܽղˣĪ
ףλڣʵˣôͶԨ
Ԩݺ˼ǱӰҶΪĿԨΪܻţ
ӰҶˣξΪȴйɱ񣬸ɱ˼
õָʾӰҶˣǱĮԨֻҪǱ
ΪʲôԨûǱżڲƵڰ˵ӰҶˣƽ޹ʵرɱˣ
ǰ˵ʲôԨһĴ㵡
һλụֻ̂еԨԴСһˡۣһ島Ԩȥ
壬ջһ⾣ͷԨ
̷ɽǱߣ´μʱԻһ
λڵˣݺ̷̧ɽ֤֮󣬾Ȼǲģ
ڣпΪڣߴ֮ףǿơ
ҲˣݺѾ̷ɽη塣
Ԩʦ£ûŵˣղڵ£ۿԨԣɵشŭȣϹҪԸʦ𣡡
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ǣǲмһ԰³ǣûκɱ֧ŵСɢޣɱҪ˭
µľ͵ſһɭɭڣҪԨû
֪һλڵ񾳴ޣֽʵʲôı䲻˽Ԩǻɷħġ
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Ҳһ˵еɣ
룬ͻƵ˼ûŵػһ
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ʮӸӿ룬Įֵ֮Ĵޣתһ룬Ͱض㣬ûֺֿ֣ݡ
ѹڣʱ䣬ĩɣΪߴ֮ף

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мλλڣײβǺεʱҲݡ
̷ɽǸص֮ʦܡ
ڶ£̷ɽȥ죬ۺڲǺ֮⣬̷ɽڡ
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ʵҰװӣƫƫص֮괦ڱչ״̬Ͳ¶档
ǱȣȥһЩڵѡһЩʺĵӡ
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ֿһӣԨȷһ˿˿ĳ磬ɱϢӦþǶ԰֣ðܴˣ˵
Դƶϣжϳͷ񣬶ȻᵽգҪѨϡ
;ܷ׷ĳ̫죬Щ磬пԼʶСأµػꡢһȡһصɺѪһʱ֮ء
磬βӲ͸ɺѪ
ѪڣЩ绹ƽ̲εأ£磬뵽ǵѪ룬䵽һ
񣬿¾Ҫҷ
磬ڻɱԺܳǵѪʶĵػꡢһĨɱ
ңҪҰ
ԨüһԽش˴֣ŰüĴģһɺѪҲеͷۡ
Ȳȣһ⡣ôȥȣһ⡣
̾Ϣһȥͨɷħ꣬Ѱ
״˽ϸԺ󣬸һƿеĽ顣
ѪСأ̳кеİȥüǵɺѪ
Ѫʱɡɷħ֣ǵѪڣڵһ˿˿罫ᱩ¶
ڡɷħڣԶ߽֮ڵâһ˿˿ն
Ψˣܱ֤񣬳ɹǵѪ
ҪˣֲСڵĵݽУһ˸칹Уֻиá
ɷħͷңϻ̳Ȼ侪ˡ
СڵĵݣڱһУᱻܶ˶ϡ
׷ɱˣп˳ϵɱ磬ԨҲᲨл
ܹƵأɱλѪ̵Ůˣǿޱȡ
ڵл󣬶һǶ֡ңҲ֪Էмˡ
ˣҪȰ磬ҪĽƵǳأֻﰲȫҷȥԨܿ⣬֪ǣ͵ص׵ڳǣӡ
ֻҪһңܷȥı
лһ¡
˾֮㲻ٳɣԼڣлϣ
ڡлӦ
һ£鷳㡣Ԩ
ºлӰ͹Ȱķ䣬վһ˸ڣһ۰磬Ѫ̵ˣ
Ů硣Ԩ
л΢΢ɫ׹ҫţŰüģһɺѪ࿴ۣͿصģһ˿˿ĳ硣
ƺʶЩ磬л΢΢һʧС



ʮһ 
磡
лǵɺѪڣһ˿˿ĳ磬ȻС
ΪСڵţ伫ΪĿģһؾͨ׷ǿߣϳЩͷ󣬷𶯡
磿
ԨһĪ˼ڤ룬ļУûдӡ
ǰǽûжӰ졣
֪ߣ֮٣㲻׷ȻлһɫأԨֵˣԣӦںصġ
˻Ԩ
һˣڵڣڣǺŻл޴󣬡Щˣطһ׳أγɵ磬ôһӡ
ָһѪлЩ׵磬ͽС硯Ϊɫ
ǰĴڣСڣ磬ΪɫΪӨףٳִɫ硯ֳ磬ΪаԵ񶾡
Ǻ޴׷ߣͲϿˡ
ڣڵСڣڣֻҪǣƱҪ׷ɱǻ·
ǣҲأ
䣬Ԩע⵽һ˿˿΢Сĳ磬ǵѪͻ
·ᵽˡ硱ĻϢѪ룬ϵҡҷţƺʱϨ
ıϢȻôء
ԨӦڻеƺҪһֲʣƴƫƫ޷ѡ
Щ硯ȵ˾أ꣬Ҳءҿ״鷳ˣȫлϸһȥ
д⣡Ԩȵ
ѾͷȻҵҵ㡣лֹ֪ٴӡУԲġ
ʲôԨһ㶡
ҹѵΪֳֵ֪ıӡܻġ硯лİȻ֮ɫȻ̬˵Ǻ֪Сڵ֮ơ硯
뾲ϴѰʦڣҪ꣬ǿ˱ӡ׿ϣҲΪ֪еıӡǡ硯Ŀ޴󡣡
Ҳ£һڵߣڸܵѹˣл
ԨȻûϵôһԵɣԭлеıӡνġ硱
лһ˵ȻҲãѰ֪ӡлϡ
ǵѪҲ֪ͷҪƿڣе鷳л˵
ǵѪ˭ʲôһҶܽԨ̳оǵѪڣ̲ŵҲǷѪ˵ܽЩ磬Ǿܾ
ʲôϵл
㲻Ǵңѵ֪ڰ³ǵݼңҶѾߡԨ΢Ц
ʵǣĹϵлһۣѾͷûбǴȣɡҺ˵ѪûʲôϵһЩѪ̵ŮĻˡ
˵Ԩȵ
ǣݼҺѪ̵İңŵǲصԨԴ²ݼҵص׵ܣͰҲйء
Ѫ̣ϣžȰһ
²˳٣ߣ
л˵һӣǱӡڣȻɳǧӨӨı˿Ԩǰ֯Ϊһ̺ӡ
΢˿̺֯ӣͽػʵİ
ֵǣӻŰѪ⣬Ѫ·ûᵽΣգû䡣
ûΣգܱܸ֪лסѪڡл󿴳һΪֳı˿Ű̺šң;˷һὫŪ󣬳¼ҵ˱ˣҲ֧Ԯ
԰ֵˣȻǱߣһ¶棬ӦñǿϺɱ
ãԨͷ
лεضûдӴߣһ뿪ĺԺһ׹âȥ
ӶŵٶȣǿŻ࣬ԨԶԶš
ҹĽֵžҲûгѲҹ
һ·н˳Ĳ˼飬Ȼûκˡ
лԨþû뵽ҹټһǣȻ˰ȮӬûС
Ծ
ͻȻϹѨɷħһƻ
õˡ
Ҳʱһֳ˿̺ӵл͵ͣŴڲԶһʱ̾ܵ
Ԩ֮ͣ£ͷһֻ翣ʵĸо
һ̣ǿҵԤãӪСأ
л̵أŰ̺ӷ£ڣӡȴǰڻþ



ʮ þ
ӡ졣
ǧĺ磬һ㣬Ǿ貵ķӡ
˷أ̼䣬һŰɭâ硣
꣡
ԨȻ
һָͷüģʶۣͿ谵Ļɫ
ɫ磬ɢĵľӨ΢⣬硰ط顣
һþ·𱻳״顣
ԨϾͿлˣʵһ˶ڡ
ӣƺһֱǰй
ǰˮеӰ㣬ֳ
֮
ԨĹ˶ֲ֪䣬ԶǣӣһˮƬƬء
ȻѴ뿪
棬ôû뵽лһǷŴһת۹򣬾͵ǵĳ⡣
þ飡
лۿţڱӡ缤俪þֳ֮һɫӣɫ͵һ

֣Ԩİδ
ǰͱ𣬺׷ɱĿˡлأһ߽һĴڳĮڵ֣ʶѳֵĻɡɣ
Ԩһ𣬡ɡڳſԺԳһСءִŻɡɡڵС磬۸Ĵ򣬺Ѳ
ɡǰĻþ飬ͬһšлȵ
ˣǷؽ䱸֮ģԱ˿ŵİ綪£Ƚǰ鷳˵żȥΪһãڴˡ
˵ǸţͱŵڣԨ
л΢Ҳ֪
Ԩͷ
ǧǰйһʢʱڣȴ꼻һ֣Ѹš
ڵűأһ־ڵڣһ֣һڵɡ
ںڣǧǰͲ
գڻʤ̲ڣɶ˸˽յڡ
ڣֻɣһ׳󣬳֮һ
󣬱ߴ֮ף˽ʶڵļơ
ԨǰǺʱ˽ڣ֪ǲһ׳󣬽ڵ
ڣֻǱڲʳһɣһ
֪ڵĴڣţȴ̫˽ڵطҲ֪ɡǰġþ顱ڡ
ڱ̲ʱҲˣҲһлͣ۹ңһλĺˣΪôһԭҺǧŽܹϵ
뾲һˣȥС뾲ĳеġþ顯ȥǰͱҴˡ
ֻǣλ뾲ǰںԴ½ţΪһϵƻʹˡ
л򵥵أҺڵĹϵСɡ͡þ顱ĳ
ԨʱŪȥġþ顱ʵȻˮϷԽԽԶ
ԨԶһˮ峺羵ĺ
ǱѾ۹ǵϷлһԲٿءþ顱˵֪ξ۷Ϊʱ񡣡
ұˮˮԡþ顯סʲô
ͻȻ䣬ܱߵĳ涨ס
Ԩʶʼڹŵġþ顱ͣ
֪Ҫ

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ûŵأҪõϿɵ߼½㣬ڱ
û뵽½뿪ԺԼȻһ죬Ǹ߼֮ء
һӰӲԶıУȻȥ漸ʮͣסԶԶл󣬵Ѫ̵ǸѾͷǶھͿԻˡ
һ˵þ顱ˣҪл󣬲ҪԨΡ
Ŀֻǰ硣
ǳ磬֣лԾ棬ϴ;УڵǿҵƾʧܡȻǻξû֮ǰûȥǺӰɣ
ûȥǸطôġ硯
һߣǺŻأһ׳أֻ׳׷ɡ硱
ûͻƵ񣬸ǵǶġ
ҵ飬лǰ޹ءӽĮһ˫۾ϼ䣬۽Ƕ΢СɽǰǺӣպգҵˣҲܵõǰĴš
Ҳ֪ǰֻСڣҲܾڵ롣
ֻҪǰڣӡ㲻ǵĵˡǰ˵ûҾˮˮ㻤Ѫ̵Ѿͷˡ
Žӽ
Ԩһ£ִΪӢ뾲Щƣº£һԵ֮⣬ƺʱᱬ
ѾͷȲȣ
лűӡȻЩԥԨ
еıӡԡ硱кܴĿԲطξһЩġ
Ҳûף֪вʲôֶΣûͬڲࡣ
ΪһѪ̵Ѿͷƴƴò̫ǡ
Ԩ仰Ҳʼãʧ

Ҳʱ򣬲֪ǲΪʩչʲôֶΣһֱԲѵİ磬ȻԺˡ
ү
Ԩǰϲסϲ



ʮ ׽
˿̺֯ӳأֳ
ɫ԰ףһ˫޹ʡ
üһɺѪ룬ɪɪηηģԼΪ־Ѫеģһ˿˿ġ硱
ǣ֮ǰ¶ϸ˺ۣȬ롣
ǼѵɫףһƬƬ飬ƺǸȫճѪڿʼ̡
鿪һϾƬٴθϡ
һۣԨǣ̲סϲүҾ֪㶨Ȼң㲻ұǶɱġ
ڣնվɫһĨ졣
Ѫ̵ĵŮȻͬСɣȻôһѸٱƽл󣬻СӣǽѾͷͿˡ

һһһĵӰ֮󣬴Ǳ֡
лɫһ䡣
Ԩ̧ͷһƳֿıźĵӰðڶ縲ǡ
硱Ƭ̼䣬˱
λлһ仰û˵ȫԼͻתԣߣϢѪ̺׷壡
ĵӰӰģڱա
ǸյĽ£һĳ磬ϵ
лǰ㲻Ƕ֡
λ֪ͷ壬ӱĺ¶棬л֪Ǳӡ֣ҲԿ¶ͷλ
үҪҡ
أһѳסԨĿţ̧ͷߣôѾߣ㲻ģ԰ɣ
㵽
ֵתͷһ˫ͫɺ죬ŭغȵ
Ϊͽ׷ɱлŭȣ㶡
ĬȻ˵Ѫ̵Ѿͷȣڳ⣬ɱҶɣȡͷı͵ð֣ûʲô鷳
һлΪ֮Ȼµ֣
԰˵ͷǵĳ⣬ҪҼλ뿪ޡ硯ҴʱѪѾͷȻðʩ֮ʣɱҶɡ
Ҷ֣Լҡ
Ԩһ
лһΪǰǵ;Уԡ硱һѪҪɢ
ʵû뵽ȻǰԼƣɱ˶ᱦûѱˡ
ޡ硯ڣͺصĵˣԴǣԨ˵аħ࣬˵ö֮û֣ʲô⣿
лɫŹֵҡҡͷж
ԨһѪʱѾͷҲԼҿԼƾż־Ҵҳ롣
ڰ³ǵݼңǽƴģʵϲ⡣
ͷţסԼĿܣһƵŮ
Ůɫ࣬Ҳˡ
Ȼ֪ΪΣԨĸоУ£ŵĶǱ顣
·һĿ⣬ĮԼ
һϷʶŪԼ뷨
ԨԼֱ͸֪ΪĴϻֱۼͻĺô
лϣߡ
Ԩ̯֣¶һĪı飬̾һҡҡͷ˵ʵޣﲻ㡣Ҳ룬һȥֻʶˡ
˵ţӲֻţӰĻг
ˣ֣㡣
лȻ
ඣȻ֪ȥҲѲαذװԨ̱ڵأ˿İ˵㵱ҵĺãҶԺ󣬴Ҿ㹻пܵĻٸ㱨𡣡
СӣʲôȻʡ
вգҽгأڰ³ǡԨȵ
үúݵİ
Ӷƣ̵վƿӣ߳Ǳ˿̺֯ӣ˴㣬㾹ȡ
ǲȣǾȲ˰Ԩһ߽
һߣѽɷħͷųԼӰһΣǾ޶ڣǰһˡ
³ǣԨ
ɷħ¶һһ£ʱ³ԨݡСӣлҪ㣬ߣ
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Ԩһɶûšɷħʱԭ·ء
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ȣȵȣС
䣬׵ط
һĨѪƾո֣ڱϿգλ֪ͷ壬͸
λԨݶû壬Ѫӹ֮󣬾ͻѪĸʬͨͨ뱦
ʬ͸縲ǵĺ棬ס
Ȼɫ͵ص磬Ѿͷң
ͣ
üģǵɺѪڲġ硱һ˿һ˿ѪڵıѪѹ⡣
һǵɺѪڣûһ˿硣

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ɷħײһѪ磬նס
ԨεתҺʶڣûмԹĻֶΣֲûʱȻֲǰʩ̫ˡ
˵ֻҪʱ
װˣСڵѰңôһ־磬ʲô뿴һ᲻㣬֣
ͣһ£Ԩ򱦷һĨͣסѪ⣬ǰּˡ



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һĨѪ⣬Ǵ½ѵģѪ̵İɽ
ѪȻãΪһѪӰڱϷ

Ѫ꣬һѪӰ䣬ڱģһƵġ硱ȻŤ
þò
ɽѪӰԨķλͼԦɷħȥȴһѪɫԨĪżѾͷġ
˺үءһЦ
лˣɽֶΣļλĨɱɫء
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طѪ̵־Ѫ̵ķٴαţ޳˼ԻУҾ徵аѪѪͳķ
ĹħϿɵѪ̣һ
˵ħʼѪ̹Ŀ࿴ִѪ̵ļơ
ɽˣڻعѪԺҲѸٻָʵ
ĳ֣Ԩлˣʱһʵ
ǰ羫µһ֡
СڵңҪл󣿡
Ԩڡɷħһֳֽʣɫ΢䣬԰ѯʣ֪硯ܹӡƣ׼ˣܹᵽ硯ڷλСڵݣԡþ顯һ
ԼĹأдӻ㲻Һֻܳǣ棬ŷðǰ֣
һ磬ԨԺ塣
ʱ;ãǰ棬ڰļƻУǰװ֧ԣʹлȣӶӪǰľ档
үǰ
Цأָһл˵ӡãȡ˵
ݣ
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ı˿âӱӡڱ俪ֻѪȵĴ֣һǿ
һ룬ָֻ߬ӡ
ӡںģлһ˿˿ڴһ߬ʱ͸ȥ屩Ѫ֮˳ȥ

ӡǱֻץţɵǰλɫ׵ŮһöǬС
еġ硯ҲȫռǳЦԸ
ֳֵġþ顱Ǳ䡣
ļƣҪͨþ顱Ǻг磬ȸ£ٶ԰ɽͰ֡
Ȼûü֣ͷѪ꣬һεΣ˿˿΢Сġ硱
Щͣ˵أУҶõġ硱ת˲䣬ͱһεѪߡ
Ѫӣϣأ򰲌ɽ
Ǻصͽһҡ̹ȻȡЩġ硯Ӧõġ㣬ҪҲˡ
۹ڣŲСͷ˿Ļ˵
鱾񣬿Űɽʱʱ̶ܸ̿ܵв֣ʼձѣ
Ϊɽ;磬ܶԿġ
үҪĶѾõˡһЦԨ˵лҾˡ
˻һ谭ԨѪɫ磬ɢ
лǰһɡ
ҺҼүм仰Ҫ̸̸
ûʲô̸ġ
Ԩҡͷ䵭ԦšɷħֱӾǷȥ
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ԨȻٴԽ磬ԺѪʲôϵ޿ȥΰ硣
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Ҫӡüֻõ֣öӡ˻ȡ
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û𻰡
лģˡɽ䲻ȵ˵
лһͷһѪ̣Ҫһ
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գۼ䣬ĺϣֻʣ°Ͱɽ
ѾͷôԨСӣԺҲˡɽѪӰգ˵ݼңǰңеԨԴ
ɽعڣӰĿ֪ݼаϭˡ
ϭͰĿǹ飬Ĳˡ
ûµġЦɣֻҪžͺáѹͻƵĲŻһ㡣ݼҺǰңֽûԨԴҪݼң˵Ԩ·ϣ߶Զ



ʮ ĥػ
;УԨлһ
ʧȥӡлܲԼϾ
Ԩ뱦ã¹ͽɷħ𣬹һӣһɫŶ
¼ҵĳǣЦеվϣ֡
Ԩл㶣һۣѡɫ
ͷǺХ
ǳлԾʺãȻԨ
֪ԨȻ
þǣǲãǱӦˡǽһ£лϾִָűӡӦأҲֻǿûֵ뷨
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Ϊ¼ˣǵ飬ӲĶĿ
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ԨءݺһȥСڵĵݣлΪӣ£֪ˡ
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֪ߡڱǶɰɽ棬Ϯɱλ壬Сڵӡиڱġ硱
ĮǱߣϾܶˡ
ǻһתݳˣԶڲĳ޷и֪ߣû߳ġ˵ǣɢҪǵơ
лԺУšӡ䣬ֲ
ԳĮľƣѲرģֻԨ˵Һܿ뿪ǣԴ½Сڣˣϡ
㣿ԨȻ
һٶȣǱߣһЩǱвд׳أܰҸСлĲٲ֣ͽ£ֻѸƾӡء
ʱ
ǼԦŽɫǣͣԺԳֿԨ飬ҪҪңֱͨûŵصģռ䴫Ϊ㻹ǻûŵرȽס
һǣٶһӡԨҡͷܾ
ǵĻҲУʱڣ̫ӡоǣΪ˰ȫ㾡Ǳߣ󷨺ͳǳغӦþҲܣȻдߡ
ţ֪ˡԨͷ
ǶԨӦл۵ףǲ棬ΪɷħԨ֪Ԩȹ档
ȻȻΪ¼һϵŻرԨ
֮Ԩлֵ
лطСڣһЩ񣬾ͻˣ뿪Կռ䴫ǰԴ½
ԨӳǵĽ飬ѡһңҹʶ
ҲʼʳС
պʶСڣ˿˿Ƶʶڵػ꣬Ȼκ־ĸо
Ȼͣסʶü˼
ѵƿ
һ飬֮ҫ֡Ȼ󡰻ۼͻʵܴϻ꣬ڽڡɷħǴǡ
΢Ժûһʶĥػķ
ֻϰԵأͨʶ̻굤һľ׳ʶûȥ򰾵ػꡣ
΢ʶľۣҪķѪشػꡣ
ػ꣬ҪɱΪģûкúûкõĻڿʱѳɡ
Ҳûһ֣ķ
ԨӾ״̬վ𣬰ţ˼ţӦѰһֶصģػת
Ȼͻڰ㣬ܿƿԼجج
κһиԶصķػ꣬ɱ
ֻԨڵҩڣһɣǾҩ
ҩصĸǴӱռԼġ
ԨǰʱŶûҲûϴӵػķ
ɷħڵ֣ҾɷħڵĴߣҪʲôɷħڣȻǿػ꣬ɱȻҲڡ
һٻɷħڣԻ˵Լͼ
ɷħΪԣԴɵħȻָơ
ȻɷħŴԺٽԨڡ
СأԨеڱڣһشħ䶯ţǰϱãһӬͷС֡
ʶ֪ЩӬͷС֣һƪػħ
ʶħʱһС㣬ڳؼĵػڣȻֳ
ٶӬͷС֣һһӡȥ

ɷħ꣬עħ䶯ţһƪ¶ȵ֪ΪΣҵļ䣬ȱƪ񣬴˷ǳɷħڣǱӡڶеġ
Ϊ꣬Ȼ֪˷ͷԨһ



ʮ 
Ϊɷħڡ֮˶Ϊ
أκһǿ汦
Ȼڴ֮
Ψдڵؼ䣬ͷˣʸѳ֣
ɷħɵĸλɼţشѡ
꣬Ҳ֮ţꡣ
òơɷħħǽ򣬶˶ڲȻš
Ԩ룬ڡɷħڲС㣬ɹꡣ
ӳ˴أƷ׵̫࣬ʶҲûָܻ
ˣƪΪӶڸ¶Ժ󣬶궼Ծ졣
ҼʧһЩָоʲôƺɷħħ
ɷħڵطΪλӡڶڱڣԨĴɻĬĬš򣬺ܿʶƪһܴػ꣬Ӷط
ȲܡͷԨĥţһӡ֣ô˻¾͸ػֱãĥķʽ˵͸
ΪߣȻڣػΪؼĻǣҪԲԶ
УȽػ꣬صĻǶ
⶯һͷԨרעʶСأصĻǡ
ԡصķɳػʶ־עЩʶѵػ꣬ڰ뿪

صŵĻǣػ걻ʶţǿзѿԨԴ类иʹ
ԡԣһηָǣȷ಻ԡ
һҧܵıؾ̡
ʶСأԨܿŵػꡢ룬һƵʶ˿ߣʵꡢҲš
ػʱһʶ˿ߣȱĺܳȻϿ
ÿһꡢʶѣԨʹһ£أ
һʹҪʣֱð亹
ңһ˿˿ʶĶѣʹĳʶرٵıԵ
̶̰ʱԺȻһ̱ڵء
ػꡢķ룬Ž֮һľ͵˳ܵļ£ѽעʶСء
Ժأֻۡ
˯ǰִٵطһö̻굤Ͳʡ¡
ٴȥľ־±ӯ
ʱ䣬Ҳȥա
ʲôҵһԽػ꣬صĻǷ뿪˯գ
ӶУ֪ʱ죬Ԩʧɫ
ţҹˣ⡮ЩаţҪҪͣ˵ǣ֪ػֻɱԺƺźꡢּҡˣȥҲŶ
ͣ΢ûδػ꣬ô磬ͺꡢ뿪
λļвȱɱǲ֣֪ʱ־
ʵҪ㣬Ϊ˵ԨҲ֪һУҪػ͸ŲͬѰ
˵Щ£֪ͬзʽڵػɱΪԺ󣬲Ż뿪ꡣ
΢ֵػϴҪּңȷԵ֡
Ԩĥš֮־˷ʽУҲһĵ·ͬǿеġ
ԣ
ûȡĽ飬һԨٴμ־ĳһʶУŵػ꣬ʹطѡ
صĻǣǿз뿪ŵʹ
û̫ãһʶıϣԨٴλʡ
һ֮
ҾͲˣҾ뿴ҪķѶãܽػ뿪Ҳ֪⡮ص֮ǲǿУ
ƢԨһβʹ̤࣬ˡ·
һӣ־ֱӾͻʡ
ԣ֮󣬾ͼ
˷
ڣǵһεңǲڻԺ󣬱˸Īɱˡ
ӣŰĿʹУȻš
أػ֮ʶһһϣȻػ֮ʯӣҲһѡ
ÿεУħĥ
ĳҹ
ٴ󣬶Ѷ֪СڵлȺãҪ
ûһֵվл룬һ۾Ϳлüɫˡ
ôˣʱ䣬Ӧù˺ܾðɣԨȻҶΪǣѾ뿪Դ½ء
һˡлüͷûЩڰǰʹЩ츳Сӳ¼ռ䴫ˡ
Ӱ㣿Ԩ
ǲûгȥǲ֪淢ʲô𣿡л֣ڴ˵У
ţʱûȥԨ
ӳĮӳѳ¼⣬ռ䴫ֽȥˡлȵ
ԨȻɫô
֪Ϊλ˶࣬ӿҡлȻһ̾ڰħħаǿĲ˼飬ԽԽࡣӸӿ룬ȥаɵӣϣ˲ء
ļƣٹʮ£Ƕᱻ
ӣܶ˲ٿǣӳ¼ҵռ䴫뿪ǣ۹ϷķԶǷ֮ء
۹ӣҲǨĳǳء
ǿĵ۹פ߾Ľ죬һλλ¾Ѫսʿټˡ¼ˣ¼õĴߣҲԷ
һӲ̣



ʮ ӣ
⣬Ͽռ䴫ڵء
ŨĻɫԲţڻɫߣ֪ޣʶ裬ľʧء
ͷƤХӡǵĳȻ
Хд˶ĤÿһߣȲ
һλˮڵ񾳳ϣӣӡĮһ·ۣ³ŵģɫҶ̬ۣڹâ
ģ΢С۲ɼĳֹʴ˱ڵۣʴޡ
¼ҵռ䴫󣡡
֮ϣһλ̬ȣݽϺõŮӣָ¶ģĿռ䴫󣬾ϲغ
һˣǿνǾ
ħħѱĴ壬ʱð;Ϯɱǡ
ڣںͺڵǿߣЩĮаɱǳûѣмСɵħ彻սͻΧ
ۿռ䴫ӳȻྡĸо

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վǰǵλ񾳳ϣ棬ƮݳɫĹ⡣
λųϵıӰ·ɲǼ䣬ùɭ
ϣ
Ůӣ̽Եأһ䡣
ϻתһ˫ĵˡ
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λˮڵĵӣһ״ûеסħ֣ڲ֪䣬ӰǣӶĳǱĵħħħͷ̬ʶϡ

յɫҶ״ۣر鿪
һž죬ҽ壬һǻѪΪһѪˮǻһ·λˮڵӣɱ
ͷ­ûѣһĨħӰʶСأ񣬺ꡢꡣ
¼Һķؽģڳռ䴫ֹͣ
ûг¼ڴػûǿߣ̴˿ռ䴫ɼ½Դ½˲Ϣִ
һ󷨣˿ͬ裬һˡ
ܱߣԽԽŨȫȫû

ǣƺ֡
ߴͽĵݣѡַƺ֣泯ŲԵƺ
ڵݺһأһĸ¥͵ؾѡ
جˣ
ǵĸУ˹˵ѾͷǲǾˡ
ججݺˣôˣ
¼ڳģ½۹Ŀռ䴫Ѿû̾ϢһʧݣѸɢӣڵļƣ۹пܱû
ôϾݺȻ
һ£ÿÿھʱػþѲˡ
У·һֻ۾һֱտ
ֱ治ֻעˣ½صа񣬻֮ǰͨڳĮһ۵氲
ΣûٴԨܲܽǶԣԼ־ȥݻþʶ
ԴģѰ񾳵ͻ
緢ĺܶ飬Ȼ֪ڶ̶һʱ䣬ĮľƣȻ˼ʧصĵز
Ѷ˱ڵˣѸٳˡе
ʦ´ݺС
̷ɽʦ壬֪ιͨʦʦٽطѶʹҲ£ʦʱ䡣պҪˣϷ뿪Զ۹˵
ҳȥһˣҸˣݺ

ٶȣԤ֮⣡
㣬ڳǵߣȻͷ֣һҹ֮䣬ͳǵĶϱأ
ʶԾʱѾˡ
ԨվڽֵϣŲֻʧˣвߣҲһɽ¥ѹָС

ݺԨ֮ϵٿȻð
㻹ûߣԨ
ұպߵģ죬ͱûˡݺҲЩңԨ֪ͨʵǿƺǴӳĵص£Ȼðݳġ
ǣӳĮǱߣԨͺȡ
ݺҡҡͷûнӻ
ӵصף
Ԩͷһ𣬺Ȼ뵽ǵĵصף˳¼ҵڳǡ
ĮʱȪӡƤԼһλص׵ĵħҲǵħûбӰҶ͵Ϯ
棬ͷħ·氲Ը
¼ң˵¼ҵһЩˣ᲻氲Щаħй᣿
ȻĻǵĳأΪܺȻӿֳ
û¼ϣӦôӳĮӹ̼䣬ͽ˷û
һһ
ˣһֱпҡݺԥһ£ûסͨĳʱһۡиоȴҲ֪˭
ţ
ǽ
̸ʱǵĳǳظһŴļٵߺ
ݺͷųƴڸ߿ͣסɵҴߣ׷ӿǡܽţղȺ뾲ˣûװҲڣһ״̬ܲ
Ԩ𻰣Ȼһо·ǣͻȻ˹



ʮ 
⣬ǵĳǳǽڣʯĴϣһΡʵ¥ڵƺҫ
лǣﵽһߣС
ݺۡ
ҪظӦΰ½ǳأʼȻ仯
Ԩ⣬ɳڸȣػǵ󷨣ת
Ӧݺͷʦ˵ǵĻǴ൱Ĳ񡮰ӯأһȻǾ˳¼ˣǱ㽫
κһ󣬿Ͳѹ¡
ǣǬ½ǿ۹ķؽ죬ھʱͳǳأҪС
ΪˣҲ޵۹벻أǰð
ּģܱӻǵĴһÿպķѵʯʽϡı֪
Σ֮ʣȻǵĴ󣬾׿
˿̣ҲһԤס
ԤţΣǰ
Ҳ˵¼ң۹оѹûٱ͸ǣô
֣ѵˣ
ǵĴԨ򦣬ɻ
ǰɳ¼ڲȪˣк氲аħŹᡣ
Գԣ˳ǵĻڴܹȪд󹦵ġ
Ȫ氲һ·ӣ壬ħΪ飬Ͳý˳ǵĴǷЩֱ룬Ƕû
˵ȪΪ˴Ĺ֮һʵûƿȨ
¼ңȪ⣬˭ȫ״
Ůʣ
һˣԨ΢΢һͷԣܾԼͷ·𱻡֣ء
Ԩ
ղע⵽˸һ·۶
û°ɣ
ԨȻһЦղ֮⣬ܽλߣȻ
ЩŮɫƣۣ۾Ȼڡ
û£Ǳ˴ˣȻɾͳˡˡղȺԨЦкһɫݺллڡ
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ղæȷ
ݴ磬ٺɣҪҡ˵ĻƷ׽ϸߵʯңͱɶˡܽͷǳǳһЦЩˣԶȥ
ûá
գֱųħںѪ̵ĵӣҲ˹
Ԩ
ǵִ󣬺Ԩͷʾ⣬㼱ҴҵأҲҪȥ
պأûЦ⡣
ߵˣҲ˲ء
أڵأԨ
һڵˣûƼ֣дһʡ
սŲһ٣תڴͻڵߣڳĮˡԼʵããҲֲñˡ
Ѫ̵Щӣͷûء
ͻ˵ӶѪ̵ĵӣӰ춼û޷ľκβ
½ɵӣŷǿʳ桱Ĵ
Ƕԣʵ̫ˡ
˵񣬲ǵͬţǳħںѪ̵ˣǶ޶ԡ
ΪͬţʱҲǾ֡
п飬᫵·ϣ˭п;
ھĴޣ⣬οǣ
װأԨ
ŰɣҲ̫ջӦһ䣬Щ˵ȥ
֮ԨݺˣЩС⣬кܶﵽ񾳵ͣҲڽǺ󣬵һʱ
ǣвˣ½ȼѪήҡ
ҴҸõĳ¼ˣҡ
ɣƺ֣ڱĽֽβеݷֲԨһ¡
ûȫҲûݺָԽ򣬡ңǵĴǻȻһġָƣı˴ţ˹Լɵķֲݣ˻ǲġ
ʱԼˣҲҪġ
ݺվһᣬȻҲˣкܶ࣬Դ½½һɵˣûܹ
Ԩͷġ
ûŵأ¼ҵռ䴫ðͷʱȿģǴںڵӣħħڡѪ̵ߡ
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ЩˣΪĮġаΪɣģû¡
ˣԶ˳Įûܻų
ʱҪ뿪ˡݺһ̾ǵѡûңȴŰɡǵľ䣬ϮӦѾ֪ˡֻҪڳȻᰲŹǿߣǽ¡ǵĴҲôƵģֵܵһӡ
ţȴŰɡԨҲ
֮ļգڣǼңšС
ʱһľơ
˵롰ĮĸǿߣСģ½صǡ
棬ӣ֡
أ۹ǳӿȥ
۰磬ҹ⣬ʱһëȻХ
УǰȻ
ƺӡĮ߳ˣڳǵ;Уħ͵ħк
ڣĻ̻̣֪ʱЩħṥǡ
¼ҽȻͳǣΪеĵطĵӣҴȴ˵ĸڳ׷׾ӿ
һ峿ޡԨ֪õĻԺ˹
֮ԺٴڿʶСء
ף
ط֣ôõʹ尾ĵػ꣬ڡİ֮£صꡢ뿪
һѾɣ



ʮ һ
ػ꣬һꡢ꣬ʶСشںԨʱС
ƺһǼ䣬ˣ꣡
⡭
谵ңԨ͵ۣ˫ҫ˼ǻ۹â
ȫǣȻͬ򣡵ػ꣬ꡢһֿʶܷã
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صĻǣãŽ롰ۼͻ״̬
Ȼ˿˿ƣꡢʶȻ
ȷе˵˿˿ƵʶҪꡣ
ʶ羭磬صĻǣʶͷ˼롣
ۼͻ룬˳ؿʼ

һǺصǷĵػ꣬иʶͬǾ㣬鲼ڵػڡ
żĹ˸ھʶڵػҫ

ػ꣬صꡢ꣬춯ʱԨʧ
ĸоУһΪڸУ
ػ꣬ޡ
꣬ԡۼͻķʽϴӻǣǻۺ͸
һĶãԵػ˴˲ͻĸ֪Уศɣٽ
ǰһṳ̂·ûƵ
һʶҶԼ
ߣ񾳣񾳺Ԫ񾳣ǲǶܹڰ㣬һĶãԨ
ܶණ˵˵ٶ࣬ûԼȥס
һʦӳ೾˵ǿľ磬ҩһİ󵽲˼顣
Ȼ󣬺ź˵⣬޷гɡ
ʦ˵ʦ֣ƫˣûнҪҩ֮
ʦӳ೾⣬㹻ߵʱкҩ֮ȫͬʱУ໥Ӱ졣
һԨʼղ⣬ҲԸȥš
Ȼһ̣һ룡
ĵػ꣬źꡢ룬ͺȻʶʦӳ೾˵²ǶԵģ
ǰ⣬ţΪû˵
һҽػ꣬ǰ롣ʱ̣γɣ˼Сߣǰܽػ롣ңӿࡣ
ǣۼͻʹ˴˲ͻͬʱС
Ȼ䣬Ԩ뵽˸Զ£
Ҫǵػ꣬ͬʱ͡ۼͻ˴˲ͻôػҲһУ
ûһֿܣ񲻾ãξǿ˼飬ڶʱڣֱɱΪ
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Ҫɽ΢񡢻Ӱľٶȣڳ˵Ŀ죡
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ѵԨٱ䣡
ĵػ꣬ȻšУ꣬ͣۼͻĶȥڿ
ػʱ·һֻ۾һʶصĻǲٿţ뵽Ѩϣ뵽ͥСأеѪڡ
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ѪСڣӨ͸ҫġ̳ûĴѪϸ΢ı仯
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Ԩһ͵ۣ
֪ûкļ䣬״̬ͨȥҩ֮ľȥҩ֪ʶݵԡ
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ͻȻ䣬еɬ棬ʦӳ೾ûƭ
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ʦֵĴʦԱΪжԼ˵ʦ;⾳ӶԵҩ֮Ĵĥ
̾һּԡ
֣ػԡʽʱ꣬壬ҪôԡɷħĥǣҪôԡҫ߲֡۹ڽٻ˼顣
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ԨͻȻڵλˡ
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г
Ԩ
Ԩ
ϲĻȵ
ܽװڣежԵ뾲һĿ׷
Ǽ䣬Ԩ˺ܶĿ⣬ֱĿ



ٰʮ صδ
³ǵԨһСУԡ
кܶɵߣǽġɷħӺȺľ䣬ٵҲ֡
ˣܽװڵˣϲʱ׷˹
ЩĿ⣬ɻ󡢺;ȣƺ뿴һλûڱСӣƾʲôķˮ
ܽȸͤͤأվǰһЦ˵ղǼһұչУҳһ³
ԨĴֽڵĿװڣҲһ
գϤûȵ֣Ǻղǰ㣬ڰС
ڵ뾲ڵվһԶԶ
뾲˵Ż·ڸ뾲λӰ³߳꣬Ϊļ֡
Ԩôǣ
װڶһˣЩڵӣӼλйüͷΪǶûأռ䴫󣬵ִûŵˡ
Ԩɫݣòһǣúüʶʶ
ʲôüʶġװ̾ܶˡ˭ûԤϵĮġаӿ˶ħаӿһõѶţϧҳʼûӡ
װڸпѣ֪ԨڳĮߣ֪˶١
кܽͷأԨʶӿĸߣַΪϵ
һϵżǣڵĴ󣬺Ͱڵħġ
һϵΪزסħûȫִǰӳϵĳų롣
Ϊ½أ־֮غ͸صĹ䣬ټϾǷ
ʱڣǾøɵھǿߣû֧Ԯǡ
ǹһϵԱҵȰ˵ˣϣšΪһɼǿѸٳȥ
ϵּûûˡ
װںܽ˵ʱ߳վȵĸɵߣ¡
ԨͷΣʱżԼңȥˡ
װûи棬ܽһҲ̤
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ףүôأ
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øҲɢɢأһЩŵӡ
Щˣ׷׾￴Ԩ
ЩɵӣԴ½ڣм½аڡħڣħˡ
֮ԴΪѪ̵Ů磬棬ʱҡȷ
ݸ߹ޱȵİ磬ɫˣ˵ݣĿѣԡ
ŰɽĹѪأѱħݣɰ³뿪ͿʼըԵѸĿ⣡
òǻΪһ壬ͻƿ쵽˼飬ֶηǷŮٲȻ˼½ǱߣĿı飡
ħڵԯֻеͰȣԭ򣬲˲١
˿ɢЩɵӣΪĽ磬Բ뿪Զ
εȣյİ磬һһЦ򾲣Ǿʤա
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ھǰפ㣬һ˫۾ķѪâ˲˵𣿡
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ڣ޵ĸףݼҺԨ顣ѪҲͳﻮţˡ
ңޣʱаˣ
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ڵĽҲһΨһǸ⣬ײˡɫ䣬һ˫ҫҺ޲ͬһҵķʽٽɳȥԨܲܣڽҡ



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оͻɫ飬ɫѯʡ
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ڴرڵȻ
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Ƿ˸ۡСڵڵһҲʼмХڼžҹëȻ
⡣



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Էģ󣬲ȥ뾲ͬһģλڵߡ
Ԩɷħ
뾲һڵߣɫһͻȻ˵л꣬ٴΪİɣ



ٰʮ һֶ
ڵ뾲λߵһ仰˲
ٴοԨԺģԨԡɷħлӱӡڣƬ룬ڶ飬һ˿˿ؾۡ
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⻰һݺΪ֮棬ڿ
Ҳû뵽ΪԨĴڣлλСţܹӱ°дͷؾһ塣
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л󲻿˵ӡѪ̵İߣҲ֪Ϊʲô
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ͻȻ䣬ԡԨݺҲĸ٣ŵֲ̻Ԩһ
Ԩɧģľǡȼڤ𣿡
ٿһ٣ݺ;˵ʱ촽˵ҲǼΪĻ̿֡
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ռȼڤ֪ʶǣˮɫƶϳڳκˣմ֮
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Ԩ˵ˣ˵ֵôߣ˲źã仰˵꣬ȼڤͱˣԨͷߣȼȼڤɢ
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ڴûһ˿һƵȼڤЩɫˮƺǻۺʶ
ߣ˰Ծֶβٿš
Ԩ⣬ʲôҴչɴۣԿ񣬶Ŀһ˲ƣͻȻ㣬ĺȼڤйذɣ



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ŷ꣬ӿƺߣЩɫˮƺĺڳʱͻȻ̬
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ȼڤ˵Уûܹٿأܹ׼Ϯɱԣ

ΪΣƫƫҪԨʦߣΪˡȼڤϮɱ
Ԩϵõģܽղ󣬿װڣлˣȻûбȼڤϡ
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Ԩ˿չֵĲ֪룬ãȻ㵣뾲Уµαװ
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ҪԨ氲һӪվɣվںصĶ

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ڵķ꣬оͳǽֱ֣ɫĻɱʶ֪ɫˮʱû
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Ԩüƺߴڵݴλĺڡˮߡ
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ܶ౻ȼڤɫˮߣ֤Լް
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ҲȰ˵
ѾԨޱȼᶨԳ˵ͷͳһкҪ뿪ǣ



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Ԩˣ
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Ц֪
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ԨŲæͼԦšɷħͣԭأԴ󶦵Ÿġɷͨһ£Ǿȥϣڣ壬аħɷС



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ԨڴڣȻܸӦɷħȡɷ
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ЧҵˣǳȪħĬһ£˵¼У氲ˡ˺氲ˣͬһӪĲͬϵ氲Ĳ֣Ȩ棬ܴš
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᳤ֻӪһԱ
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氲ˣΪһ·Զǡħ氲ּ⣬ϣ㣬ҪٻǣӦþ췵ûŵءҹָ㣬ȥ¼ҵĿռ䴫󡣡
󷨣ѱǰռãԨ
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Ҳ²ҲġԨ˵ͷ
ۿšɷƮԥһ£ɷħڣһһȻ



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Ԩһ£Ժһ֣ͻȻͣˡӵػûڣûɲ
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Գ̬Сħͷǰ̰ʧĸɸɾ
ңʼηأһҪߵļơ

ԨʱŪԵɣһЦٴãʩչ
ػڵʶ硱ڣͷͼѭطʽʣ¿ʼ
Ȼ
侲Сħͷٴα÷̰޷ƶζһͷԨüķŶ
·ԨʶСڣСĵػ꣬ζʳ

ԨüĴĹһ֣
Գ̬Сħͷû谭һ뵽ԨʶСء
ıãȻ
̰СħͷԨʶСسֵһ·ǻָͻȻѹַҪ롣
ҪԨʶСأ
ֻСħͷƺڵִԨʶСصһ˲䣬ͻȻܵĿ־壬ܵ˾
ԨʶСأһӱˣֲĴ׾أ
Ԩͷųɲĵػ꣬СħͷʱһͷޣȻš
ػ꣬Сħͷǿҵ̰ͷ
ǿҵͷԨĵػ꣬ݡһЩ͵Сħͷǰ
ɪɪĶõСħͷƤӵ£ԨĵػȻͣԳ̬Сħͷš
СħͷԨĵػ£纮գȻˡ
֨֨ѽѽļХֽУԨʶСش
ûСħͷͣˣûжĶ
Сħͷ̣ɢԨʶСء
ʣ£㾧΢Сħ⣬ɢԨõĵػڡ
ڣԨվɷħڴĿ϶жϣҼȱ½أ
˵½صĿռʱͷųħڵ˵СϡǵãڵĺĵӣʲôĻҵħħС
еĻѰħټ׼ȷҵħǱصص㡣
еĻ֩ħأһͷȥȻʶСأħС
µģڵġ㣬һʩչħɶ˻ԼСħͷоУγɵɲĵػ޷Ƶζ
ûǣ氲ľȰ˵ǲãֻɽʳĵػꡣ
ΣҲˡ
ִļڣûСڵ״ȷŵĸ㣬ڵĻֲһ࣡



پʮ ػ꣡
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Ũġڳ¼ҵռ䴫ֹͣ
̨룬һţǰڷһ׾ߣãЦݣ˵
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챦أڽԣڲʼڱţ򣬰ĮĶһ
һ˱ǵŨ裬һڣ̧ͷؿǰ
һλ߽ףͨӣ˳
ڣŵģȻǴĻܺħ
սڴˣϵϢ˲϶һͷǵĸ߽ħ
٤
氲²豭ǰħ΢Ц˵ӦǵϷɱЩͼ֧Ԯߡ
ħ٤Ǿᴷ࣬氲ˣûע⵽һСħͷǸǳģյСӣʶû
氲΢ȣ£
ˣעûзϡλǺԶħ˵Ļڳ쳣ҵǸ£ȻֻļСħͷҲԸӽλġ
ҵ£ȻΥҵ̫ҸеΡ
ף
٤һû˵꣬һ
氲У޳ָͷ㡰챦ڵĳ棬ȻΪ֮һ䡣
ͼӳճԨ
ԨڡɷħڣۣרעС

һͷ̬СħͷտأԵأԷɶ˻ļƣԨüġ
һӶ룡
ڣԨǣȻһĻȣЦЦص͵ҫļµĹâ
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ƬڣԨеĹâһ֡
УʩչĳֹطԨ춴㣬·Ըħγ
ڵĻ
ħ٤һԣҲؿˣڡ챦еĻ泡氲ˣͬСѵںصĳһ֧
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ÿһλħµħħɰǧ͵Ƚ׵ħͷ£ơ
ˣӿĮħͷ֮ࡣ
ԨʳСħͷ氲У٤˴š
ûй氲˵˼ֻǺ档ħ٤飬ʼնǹģҺǣĻһ֣
ڻû֪ˣȥɡ氲ӻ֡
٤ʶȤٴι񣬱Թ

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Ԩڴˣһϳǰɫ꣬ڻڣӽͷųģǺͳ졣
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Ҫѡֻ裬տ̷ɽðͷɡ氲䲻ȵ˵
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κ氲вˮһҲֳ֮ɫ

һͷ͵Ƚ׵ħԨԡʶСأŵػ
ĵػַ꣬ͨʽڲϾǿ
ԨͨĽѾȷšȻڣڲΪԵһࡣ
ԼšûͷСħͷ
֡ʩչħʶСأԵػȥҶţ㣬׾ٵأ㽫ħ
ħϮɱĨϤĳ̶ȣֱ̾Ϊֹ
ƺĻӴ𣬾Ϊ˶Ըħ
ھεԺ󣬲ϵص仯á
ֻУħһ壬ָƵɺǿߣ֢ܶҩأԽڵķʽǰϮɱħ
ټһأ˵ǺӣħϤģӦþڣ
ħŷɥħΪǣħ־ģҲǺأסڣ
ˣʱ䣬úɣ
Ԩֿ죬Цݲã٣֪ˡĳ⣬ܴ̫ãһбĵطܹҲץħͨѸػ꣬ʱ;߱
½أƬأиħ
͡컯ܺӦǽ½أԡɱħԼĵػӵ˳
ʱɷħѳű𴦺Хȥ
ΪǷƬǻСħͷԡûˡ
ֹһ졣
ƮǳԨԡɷħǶͳǱɷɸɾԼʮͷ͵ȼħ
һͷħʶСɢֻõػȻʼͷĹ⡣
Ҫͻˣ



پʮ пս
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ϵĸʯŴųţصĹĻһļǣǿڳǰࡣ
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ĹĻܿϵŨţһλεųĿѣԵĹâ
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һſ˶򣬷·׳أ͵ҫ
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пܳ˵ǿߣҲ½ӽڵŭݣҾͲţЩ»Ұںأڳʲô
ˣߴ֮һ񾳵Ĵޣڳϡ
ͰԼΪδ˵ϧʹȻҪЩħۡ
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ոջܵ뾲类˪ӣһˣʧأųǽܳϣôôˣ
񾳺ڴޣߴڵڣѾǼ߷Ĵˡ
ڣϾֻڣҲںǰǿᡣ
һɽ˵ѾǾ޴ʧ뾲Ҳ񾪼£ϧۣǵǽ

ǰܵˣǿɽټʱȫٴα־֡
ͳ찡ż
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أΪ֮һ䣬˷׷ָԨ
˵ΪԨ󣬲Ԩ̤뽣ϯͣ򡣬аħ࣬Ͳ
ɽҲ˶
ǵ֣һ̣Ѿ⿪ˡ
Ԩڲ֪䣬˺ܶԵĶ󣬱˸мɺޡ
ȺУѪ̵İ磬ȷڳϣ֪ǿɽʱת뿪ˡ

ɷħڣԨͨһͷͷСħػ㹻˳ͻƵ΢ڡ
˿̣Ʈŵġɷħѽӽϡ
ҲһſѣһϪӡ

ǻԽӽͷŵӻܽղ󣬼ͨطһ۾ͷֱǱӳڳϵġڣ֧ԮɳϣĨɱ
û뵽λżĴ氲Ҳˡ
ԨֻԶۣûпϸڣ֪ôãλǻָ˲
ڽڣ˰ܾѪ쳣
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۷ʱ߰˳ɵںغУΪΪ
ûԪ񾳴ޣû֣ĺأ߾ߣսսࡣ
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ˣ氲ǵʱ䣬Ѿˡ
ʱ򣬶̲סˣϣɷŨ֮ΪδΧĲսڳϡȻ氲ʱ䣬ǣͷˣȥϵĻӦðȫɣ
ԨЩԥ
ˣ㵣ĵģЩħ壿ǣܻ½ģɵӿ룿
Ԩ˵ͷͻȻ󣡡
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ϷŨġڣһبյɫߣɽ
ɢݳܣеħ壬ɪɪ
̵ۣͻȻҫâνġڲߣԨԦšɷħȻȻط
ڴʱڡ޵Ǵ
ȻһХ
еħ͵ħ糱ˮ㣬ǵĳߡ
ԨšɷħХʱֱصʬ壬ȴûκεĻ



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һ߾ʬɢڳϸ
ʬȱȫ򱻴˺飬ǿ壬ȡʬҪλսƷߡ
߻ǣħĴ֮ȻǱʳɾ
̱ǵѪζԨЩӦĴţеֵѼ£Ҳһѹߡ
һһۿȥûκΣܹϵۡ
Щаħͱһһʶ
ż©ҪոһЩƷԨҡҡͷ̾Ϣ

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ΨɷŨ棬šɷħգȻȻؾ£ţӰ˷ӿ롣

΢һãٴԵػ꼤ǳڵţܷһСħͷԼĵػꡣ
Ϊ˳׵΢ڣػƺԼħǿҿ
ֻǡ
·еħ壬뿪뿪
ʩչȻûһֻ͵Ƚ׵ħͷػͷŵĴų
Щϧ
ڣɷħƯգջһƵɷ
ɡ
ţЩĵأڡһŵϵʬһ߽š
ţֵģӱ֧Ԯɵӡ

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ǣңξܵǿߣϷսƽϢһء
ȼϣ֮ף¸֧Ԯߣһˡ
Ҳȷʵˡ
ԳһХЩħǿߣĴħԺ˻þûлع
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΢ΪɷħѵܼˣܱȵùڵĿɽϣ
ԨȻаħֻˣܻ

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Ȼ˵ԨȥǽʽڣڵһλλаħͷţǺаħʾá
ߣ˵½ʱҲ˵رߣͬǱԨͷš
ͻȻ䣬Ԩֱ˵жд̡
ˣǣңݺˣ޴ʡ
˵΢ԨǺҪô˹ʺ룬ҪôӦˡ
ʱȥԨû뿪ڳƮһĺúõģ̫Ρ
ݺĶһ̾뵽氲̻ԨܰȻ
氲һаħ䣬ǻԨϿԨ۳ʲôԭ򣬶֤Ԩ򵥡
ѵҪȥӪ
뵽ݺ顣

ʱţһգ۹氲ѵ
Ԩ롰ɷħڣڡƮţԺģҪҪȥǱȥռ䴫طûŵء
ݣ
ͷεĵħڶ˷ԸҪҴȥ
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Ԩתšڸ׳ǣüͷ˵Ǭ½Ρĳǳأǲǽ᣿
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ħ͸¶ѶϢʵ̫ˣû뵽ͬΪ¼һӵĳȪͼƹŮʣԼ۹ĵ
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⣬ǵĴ죬ǳȪŮ
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ԨģŮԵ۾ĴԣǾΥġ
ȪͶĽ֪ѪͳڿеĻѪۣ࣬Ҵˣȥأһ۹ĵ

Ǳռ䴫ǰٴμ氲
һˣǰ氲΢΢̧ͷߴӡ챦ƿԨϣɫ΢䣬ڵĻ
ǵġԨͷϡ
ǰֿѣ̫໰̫ɻ󣬿⣬û취˵
ȻĴУ֮࣬úôĦҩ֮ȻҲⷽأ߷Ĵαȥڵط氲һֻ֪Ҫչ¶ǿҩ츳֪ͽδΣ㶼ᱻɡ
Ԩһ£øǿ
ͣһ£˵⣬ڵط㣬ΪκһѡΪ飬ҽֻ˻ѣ
޵Ǵ氲ȡ
к𣿡Ԩ
кͻ֪޴ζʲô氲һزûŵˡ㽫ᱻڣħΪж



پʮ 
߿߿
ȸǵķȻ
Ԩ氲ɫ΢䣬˷ڣٴеȣˣ
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氲ھޣֳ֡챦оżЭ氲һĻ˭˺
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ӡǵһԨһ¶Ȼ֮ɫ
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ԳУסһźϸŮӱ۰
һߣһ߽ζؽű۹ǣױâ·Ѱµ

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ٶʱ䣬ļ𽣬ǿ˵ز
̤·˴ΣСŮŮʣ
뵽Ԩ˳ǣһֻף䲻ʵĹо



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ڣħΥڣվɣȽУӦսܡ
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ңϵǰ㣬־֮ǵļ԰棬һסɣҲ֪ǵԣĬǵĴڡ
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Ĵеɷħǿս氲˵ͷȻ¼ҵĿռ䴫ʾԨȥȪµۣһ³¼ҵĿռ䴫Ӧò⡣



߰ 
ûŵأǡ
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ҲˣԨаħΪ飿
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һ齣УϢһƽ⣬ĥ
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ȹ̾磬ɼڵһƽ⣬ϴӾǡ

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ۣôˣ
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Ŀɿڴૣôô
˾ɷģʦӻ㣬㲢ûѪͳΪͽʱϸѪХ˵úô񣬲Ҫ̫ࡣ
Ҫ̫ࣿãȻأҡҡͷҪأ

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յҫ˵ĴѶõһ𾪵Ϣԯ̾һӲͷƤ˵ԨСӣ˺أаħΪ顣氲۹ĳȪһͬɱڶɵӺͳϡ

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ڵˣڵޣǡ
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ԯĳ˵
ģҲţԯȵ

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ߣ
һ䣬һץסԨı۰򣬡иֱͨ־֮ء
һռͨһӷֳ
Ԩһ



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־֮صĹ»̫죬һĹһĹ滻̫ˡĹģϡνͣڣǼ˷磬ƺս

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ãͱ͸ɡ
˵һ¾ƣָ֪־֮صһЩξһ֣˵Լһ㣬ԼжϿ־֮أ˭ǵУ˭ѡ



߰ ԰
־֮أһڴ󶦣Ʈš
ԨڶڣַŶڣһȦħ⣬󶦵Ķš
ڶڣ֫û͸ħ⣬纮ʴ
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ڶУԨԿܶݹǡ
еĿݹǳɶѣһȥ֪ޡ
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ԨۣѪ磬컯֮ܣע˵һֱۡ
һϸ˺ۣۿɼٶȬǱε߷ϣԾٶ˿ڡ
лڡ
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־֮أ΢СĻ顣
еģûѪǵĻ飬꣬ħħڿ־֮أС飬ԼĻҲҪСģЩ׺ǿ顣
ǿĻ飬ƺΪع飬Ĺǿ飬ڿ־֮Ļ׳ԼǿĻǣڿ־֮غһǶϣҲòĶȥ
Ԩ־֮أʵͰ˷
֮ǰΪڣûкͨνԨͽѾȻ뿪󣬶ͿʼԨ
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ڴ˹У֮ǿʢ¾ӿȱǣʧļһ
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ۡԨֻܹ
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⻰˵ġ
Ԩͷ΢ãġڴ˿־֮أҲǰԵһЩĹ飬֣δؾֵô
Ҳоġ׺
Ԩһ߹ͨţһá

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ԨԽķп棬ѹ֣ħ壬ǿ壬Ѿ˼ҪСĲ˵͵һ־֮أħǳħԻ̬ǶȻ޼صס
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Ԩǰģ͵͹Цģ̬Ļ飬ҲС
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󷽣ֻʵȵĻƶ׷ţһûǣҪʳ
Ԩǵĳ⣬ʩչһֻֻСħͷĹ̡
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Ԩһ飬ȫѹֹͣˡС
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ڶĻХУвʲôҲ׷Ǳء
գ۹ֻܵĸɸɾ



߰ ֮ս

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Ȼͼֻڻعɽʱһ͵ؾ
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ɫӰšɷħȥķ򣬰ڵˣҪ̤־֮أͼλԻ𣿡
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ԨδأʱƺҲĻлﲻģͣסԺѰ
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ÿһɽڻŲ֪ٵĻһϡ

ڿ־֮أĿ죬ǳ
գĻҰ
ԨҲ֪ʱţֻԸ꣬ʱҪ־֮ȥڱصشεϤϤ
ԼÿԶκɽʱٴĳԶá
ܿʶڣЩ΢СɼĻ飬δܡӰ죬޷Ѹپػꡣ
ǿĻɽ帽ûɽڰ
ÿһɽ̾ڶԨٺǧ
УĹĻǡɷħҲס
Сʻ괬
ɽн
졣
һɫɽԶҡΣǧεĻХŷɳűһɽȥ
ɽͨϣ͵ҫĻâ
ͼһϹâţƺƵֹĹɱ
һ漰սȻ
Ԩܿɫɽۣ֮ԳһλսףڿյѪ⣬ֻһŻӰĹ
ͫѪ͸бĹâ
ϺɽϣһϺɫľ޴󺡹ǣȼϺħ棬ϮĹХ
ԨܿǾϺںȼյħ棬һλĻӰ
˹ХʱϺħĴ䣬ЩûбϺڹâŵĵжԻ飬ˮݱ̣ۡر
µ飬ս
ĻݸԨͣϺںǵǰӦһλĴΪǿܵʴǣѪܲס䣬ֻʣһߺǡ
꣬ڿ־֮ǿռһɽͷԹķʽС
λѪ̵ˣط߻ħѪⱬֻʣдء֮£뵽־֮أԴ񣬸Ķлһֻ

ļ䣬ƺָһЩϸµطơ
ԨĬĬͷħ⣬۲ǳսĽζ
Ȼã־֮һǬ½һɽͷһ졣
иʵɽͷĹ͹ռ
ڵ۹
Ǭ½һ㣬־֮صĻҲʱսû֮ս͵۹ӵɱҲơ
ʤΪʤĻ죬ӶһУٶõһСɽͷ
Ȼ󣬰µľǿɽͷȦ׳Լһ־֮ͦ
غ
ս׵ɽһ̻ļХ
Ȼ䣬ԨĽ⡣
ǿ飬͵Ѫɫ壬Ȼӽɳ͸ɷħֱλȥ
ͫԼסˣŤͷ
ŤͷԼһѪɫ塣
һλս׵ȻѪɫ塰ֽۡУ״
ۣ
Ѫɫ壬ײλؼףʱѪʢԼɽͷߣλɱȥ
ǿ壿꾪档
ԨѪŮġ
ҲİɣȻĻѪɫ壬뿪λ
Ԩ̾˳ȥһ̻ͨᣬһöǬ䡣



߰ Ƶͷ
еһХȻ⾪ϲ
ǿ飬ɰѪɫ壬ԨɳǶǻĺؼУʱ硣
УѪɫâϴǦųɺѪɫ
һͫͷŵĹâ
ݣ
λ˼ѪɫӰжԵģЩϺڹâŵĻ顣
һѪӰǼѪɫս׳λǿֻ꣬ѸոŻǡ
䣡
ս׵ͨϵɽۣǾߴľ޴󺡹ǣһ
ѪѪˮսʱ͸λڡ
ǺӴȼϺڻ棬һشϨ
Ϻڻ棬λǰ꣬Ѫ͸𣬾ζˡ
ǿ飬͸ŨѪƣѪ̵ṩԴԴʵǣȫȫѹŴĺ
ʱͿǾߺأ뵽˹档
ȼŵϺڻ棬ĳһ̺ͻȻȫϨ
֪Уһɢܣһؽعͷѿ˷ȥ
ֻΪ㣬Ժѡ
ģдĻرҳߣβȥʣĻʵʵղ
д۰Ͱ͵أںɽۣս׵
翴
λ˫ɺٴХ
ͼĻһһЧңĻˡ
ڿ־֮أѡƺϰΪ£Ϊ档
һɽͷռһɽͷʤ߾˳µأհߵɽͷ¡
ԨڡɷħڣűƾеһսǿѪɫĳֳ֣һߵѸپͳ˽ҲЩ
벻ΪһѪɫ壬ܷô
ΪѪɫһܴѶʹãûϡ档
ɵǿѪɫ壬Ƕսףսʱ;̫ܲ˽⣬ǿѪɫ
ˣλѪ̵ļУӦ۲˰Σŷ˼УѪɫƣһѪ̵طС֮ǰѪɫƱڣû֡
оǣѪɫƱͨѪ֮ȥܼ
־֮أѪҲãѪҲգܳʱڡȻͻᱻЩ˺飬ʲô
λѪԺҲ޷پۼѪеطǿѪɫ壬ԺںѪѪ̣һСѪɫǶУѪȥб֡
ټѪɫ壬ԭͲ˲Ťת档
ϸ
Ԩûþϲһ߶˲
統Ⱥʱ˵ѪɫֻһԼͨѪɫͨѶԽǿ壬
ɽ췢һĻֿʼɣ̷һЩѾͷһֱͲ⣬
Ժٺƽϣ
ʱλս׵Ѿ£ָһλĹ󽫣פϺɽͷ
ƯĻһֻֻأֱɽͷ
лԨ
Ԩͷһ
ˣӦû⡣
ʱԨͿλǳѪ̵Իֻ֣ǿѪɫ壬Ϊأǿ鰲Ѫɫ壬Ϊ·ϡ
ӽɷħʱСزϱò
Ƭ̺һλõģݵߡ
ǻ̬ȴûüëպ٣ٷģ̬һλε
ͨͶĹͨԨ֪ʧȥѪת޹֮ʱһãͻὥá
Ϊԭģ̬ģ
λϸؽԭݣֳʵܷѾͻ
Ӧþһı̬
ǰѪ̵Ľͽֹ
ڡɷħʮͣסǿѪɫƣϹϾ񣬡ǰľ񾳺ڣξʧܣ£ͽ־֮أתл֮
źûܼΪѪЧҡ
ƣʦ˵Ѫ̵ĽƣҼǵֻнб϶ΪνˣܳС
С磬еطѪ̵·ӣʣ
˵䣬ǰһݡ
ǿѪɫƣиţԨƮ
Ѫ̵Ů衣Ԩȣû뵽ǿѪɫ壬ͷȻô
ȻŮ
ֹĿ־֮ɺѪһСŮĹϵȻͬСɣڿ־֮һٶ꣬ǰЩӣŴӼ߿У֪ѪŮ
ŮһεĽ
ͬѰ㣬˵俴غĹϵ
ֹԨֳĹƾΪǿѪɫ塣
أԨķζ
ѾͷѪ񵺣ǣڲϵԼһӻˮҲܽп

Ѫɫƣǰͣסû͸ħ⣬ɷħ
ֹڴĿ
֣ǿѪ̵ĽͽԣǷץס뵽־֮أʲô
ֹһ£С磬Ա
Ԩͷ
ڿ־֮أѪִ֮ߣҪôǷӣҪôǵߡֹɷħ΢΢һ𣬾һ
ɷħû𣿡Ԩ
ɷɷħֹڼڵõݣȻľһţֱģ
һӣľƽݲٴС磬˵ĵطĻȥһ𣿡ָɫɽͷ



߰һʮ Դͷ
³ǡ
ȵҹֻӬ
ˮ¹䣬ݼլԺĽһٻӰŮ翵ƾոֳ
أŶյݼš
Ƭ̺
ԭڵƣݼնϢؽǵٻӰͷһС㡣
ûɫףſɶİ磬һЦǰá
ҵ
ƲأĴţѪ̱ǿߣڰݼΧүаħǣһ£ֻҥԣݼҡ
æ͡
ҥԡĻ΢Ц˵ǣ˵ġ
һȻ·йһ㣬˵СҹˣҪѪ̣ݼ֣
ԨأаħΪϢͨǴ
գݼ˶̻̲
ħµ۹ͳ۹ڽս۹ҫ۹۹ɱҲûɵĸԤͣ
Ǭ½һš
ʱԨĻϢֶߣΰ³ǵĳˣݼ֡
꣬λѪ̵ŮǱݼңԨѾߵݣ˷ˣǳͿ̿
ħڷҫԨıʧܣһλͽδ
ƾãͻȻٴνٰ³ǣȻҲҪ
Ѫ̵İңаϭܹϵǲ֪ġ
ݼҵˣڽҹҳ뵽ݼԺ󶼲Ҫذ³ǡ
׹һ˵һڽҹݼһ̡ȵݼӦû𪣬ȥ顣
С㣿
ȥ֪үӣͽҹڣȥɡԲͣΪһ磬ݼڰ³ǾͲȫˡ
һƺȻɫС˵
ͷֵȥɡ
ã
һϣϽȥ
ҹһŨѪɫĻ˰߰³ǡ
ݼˣлǳ˯ѣѪɫĻ£ĳ˳ǡ
ڶ峿ү˸֪ˣݼʽ밵³ǡ
պûŵصŨ絽ݼ򣬽ݼȻڡ
ûŵصݼ򣬾һصѶš
ݼ򣬴Ӵ˳ûŵر߽һС
ӻ

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ֲ̻У𪣬Ͱ
С㣬лԳ棬ǰһݼˣӰ³ǴɫϿңǵ֪ˣҪݼʱѳһûһĻǲ롣
뵽ݼĸмֿ֮
Ц񾲣ˣԨ飬Ǩŭݼҡ
λտݼҡһ£˵عǡܶⶼӭж⡣
ͣһ£󲹳䣺Ԩһ¡
£˭Ҳˡ
һͻƵ˼ˣ
ţǰ˼˵ͷԺûŵأھޣûŵҲֲˡûŵأⷽյıأӦò̫а롣
ҲԵЩ𾪣ϲջš
Ԩӱ̷ɽԨȰ˵ſϼԸӻݼҺݼ򡣡͡
С㣬СڵıӡУͻȻ
У̻ͨӺε֪Ϣ

һЦ˵ͷӡС
ǱߣԸ߼۹򡣡һ
ӡԼ̸ˣαҪͨǣЦݲãöӡѪдõġ
Ѫ̣Ҫӡã
𻰣ͻ΢˲һѪɫʣһ˫ǵҲɺɫ
һ´ǣЦء
ΪѪ̵ŮöѪɫƵߣƴԨɳǶλͽսڣԽӦˡ
ӶȷţԨȻѲ֪䣬ִ־֮ˡ
ʲôˣ
ûʲôվֱȥ߱˵ӡħһлпֲɱߵȽ׵ħǺ󣬱ӡĻЧԴۿۡ
ǣԱӡԸ־֮صĹȴ
ħύһλ־֮صĹѪأҲһλЭ顣ۿڽ٣־֮صĹѪҲҪѣȥһЩġ
䣬̻뿪
һȥӵǣ͵Ŀռ䴫
ңȥ־֮󡣡

־֮أɫɽͷ
ԨֹĴ£ɽмһڣԦšɷħ롣
ĻԺ쳹
־֮еɽ壬ɽͷɽɽ˼壬ĳκһɽܼȡɽڵ׳ǡñȣޣɼǰ㣬ǡ
ɽɽ۵ϡԽ£Խء
ÿһɽͷɽΪⷽĵصһصԴͷڿ־֮أȴᴩ˷ء
һ˵սƵʱ־֮صصʱƩ磬Ǭ½۹սɱʱڡƩ磬Դ½ͼ½ߴսʱ
ŵ꣬ҲգҲãɢؼ䣬նԴͷڿ־֮·Щڳ͸ɽͷÿһɽ̺Ļ
񣬺ȫңǿ־֮õʱ
ҲеĹĹڴľʱڣ



߰һʮһ 
ɷ顱ӿĸգŵļ䣬һѡ
ԨԸоڿ־֮رûԾˣ·ǻ۸ͨ˼ά
Ŷ꣬ڿ־֮صڴ˷صʶʵƶ
־֮أԶҪ档
ص̲Դͷ
ᴩݴ磬ϢϢأ
߻ɢؼ䣬նᵼ»صӶʹƬصµԴͷɢڳһνɽŨ
Ǳڿ־֮صģһڻķǿʢ
ߵļλһĹҲ־֮صŨңսͻǿȡ
˳·ݣԨſ־֮صǿ飬ӦݵĶ
ڴ󶦴λֹһѨ룬Ȼһֱµʯɽص׻䡣
ֹļУʱʯڣѵͣ
ԲλףǻλƿŵѪɫУǾޱļУİʯڣųĿѪ⡣
ûϸݵֹϧ˵ףҰڸˣеͣרΪƶɡױѪǾޱΪڽѪǰǸİŮˣǾޱ
ʣѪ̵һλУȥŽûط
ңгɣع԰ʱѼӡ
̸ֹпǧס̾Ϣһ̤·Ҫ͹ȥӵնϡǣߵѹˣҲ·ȻҪ̫ãҪʹࡣ
ҵڶλعʱİǸŮӣꡣ

λѪ̵ķξʧܣת޻֮սԨճ֮ء
ٴο˵л壬ǱΣʵû취ˣѡôһ·Ѫǣת˭Ҳڿ־֮أΪһֻﰡ
䷱ʳƣˣӴ˾ͺͻ޹ء
֮£Ϊ˹Ҳ޷Ĵް㣬ںûơԺܶĻ̬ŤЩĥµ͡
ǣ޷ǱߣҪҪ߾ߣƴ

ƺ̫̫ãûк˽̸ôһᣬѪ̵λੲݵغԨ˵һ¡
ǣԨģ˽ġ
ǣľ¡
ԨҲûԴϣ˵ͣԼվڡɷħڣŴɽײֹĶ
һΪտĵ¹
ڳĹڵصʮĶһ󣬻ڷŲٴªʯʯΣ񷶥ʯڣˮӰ
ϸ֮Ԩ֪νġˮӰʵǽΪǿĻ
ǣЧֹЩš
飬ɽϷ䵽棬ֹĹ񷶥̾ᣬ·Ϊ׳
ŶˣûĿ硣
˵˺һӵֹͻȻԨԣ뿪Ǵ󶦣ڴ˹߶ġΪ磬ŲǺܸߣɽɽĺôֻҪڵϣԻȥػġ

ԨЩĶһֻ͸ɷħͷųĹĻط档
Ȼֹԣûпĺ紵ʴѪ⡣
˵ܷģĺ磬ᴵֹԻݣ¶һЦ飬˵þþ棬ҵĵͣȻ⡣ŶˣһһЩռԼòˡ
˵ʱŵģǡѵļУһǡ
Ƕұڱ俪һӣϷڷŲľϻӣУƿޣ΢΢Ź
Щߣ˶룬ϧû񣬾ͱĹɱڰʱ䣬սʤͬǿߣջǲСЩó־֮أֵЩǮһĲֵ
ֹļУұ俪ĴǰѪɫâ
״˵ǰǿѪɫڣע뵽еѪʱţҪľ
תԨ֣ɣеĶʹߡţ棬óȥ

ڵĴ󶦣иԨֹӽ
Ԩ۾΢ЩϷڷźõľϻУƿ޺
ɢĹâ͸ҫܹһµذףѱŻͼȻȥƺȼա
Ԫڵһλߡ
ֹ˳һע⵽ǰذףͷһλԪڻξޣε־֮أʹõĳСλޣԪڵɽҲ֪ΪⶫҲͨ
Ƚأһ㵽켶ǵؼˡ
ŶˣԪڻħڵˣͺܺʡǰ㣬ںţͲܳд
ԨһԺһ뵽ˣԯ
ֻǣ뵽ԯһʱʶ˺صͽݡ
ڵȥ³ǣȥǣԡ
˴Ҳֻίбˣתԯ
ڵݣðȻȥԯֻԯ鷳

ЩƵ͸ڵڹĻӯ붴ڹµֹĻܷƣľϻӣڣʢź˵
ȻȻ
ֹɷħ˫Ѫ⣬Ȼ˷
ױһ㣬һͭƵĺӣȻƯֹļǻ
һѪ֣ǹͭиϣһ
٣
ֹ͵͹Ц
һǿҵĲ׸УֹЦǣ͵شԨͷ
һʱͨ꣬ȻһַӦֹУصܷĹұͻȻѿٸ׶
˻Х̶أڹ
غ
ڲ΢Сĺ磬˲ʹԨҪԨѪ⣬ĹǺ

ʱǼȪһͷħĮƤȻͷų˵ܹΣ
Ƥϣһشص磬ҵܼ
һ˶ܹ֣ƾֳԨͷŹţ
ž
Хֻܹ֣ӷɽ
Ԩ棬Ȼܺʴ
ǰԴһոհˣ
ԨɫڵһĿ磬ʱٻġɷħƯǰ
ӰһᣬڣǼȪƤ͵

һӴڲСأƮݳӰ
ϰΪˣ°벿ΪЫĺ
ͬѪ̣⽣Ԩĵڶɷħ
λɷħͶͨɳ֮󣬶ʱֹ



߰һʮ Ѵ
غ
Ƚ׵ֹŹ񷶥˻Хǵɢǿ˲ұڷɴܶ
νˮӰΪ׻
һ˲䣬ֹЧҵĹû˺еڶɷħ
ۣۣ
γĻ׼񣬵ٿһӴõĻ壬Ȼ͸Ȼѡ
ڣλڽΪһ̯ѪˮĵڶɷħӡɷħһĨѪɫӰ󣬷Щ
ڶɷħһڹУһ˫ֹƵɺѪ
ᵽϤζЩ桭
Ѫ̵ǰɵɷħ
ֹǼεľϸݣչֳɫ㣬ǿѪɫ壬˵ѪԨԴȻˣΪ̵ȱɷħ

ͷ׻צڶɷħȥ
ڻɫĻâһĵ磬ڶɷħֵѪӰ
ȻѪ⣬ȻǵѪӰҫ
ڶɷħЦõȻһ䣬һεѪ顣
һѪ飬ΪһͷѪħѪ⣬Ѫб
ٱǺӣɱġѪħѪܱɣͷ׻һƬƬ˺飬á
ֹǼڣЩӣȵǽλǰ
Һ֪ݺңյҽɽײΪʲôԨԦڴ󶦣ʱֹľ룬֮ĻΪǿѪɫƣΪˣһ󶦣
նû뵽Ҳ˶ݡ
Ԩ˽Ϊλ־֮صûгԹͨǿѪɫƣֹһء
ֹƵʱֳĹ̬ȣ˽䱸ġ
ֹţɽڲʱੲݵأлҳԳ²ȡͬģЩƿޣյ
ɷħ߳
Ҳأ֣̽ȷѨڵĹûп紵Ϊ氲ȫˣ̤ˡɷħ鿴ЩľϻӺС
˭ֹ֪ʾãǾĵơ
ǳȪƤؼʱٴηãѪǣһ棬Ѫģ
ûп񾳣Ѹɢ
ʱĻǽ˳µأֹû
λ־֮صǻа취ػڵļ䣬Ҳһһ
뵽Ԩپ
մ㣬㱻ģ
ǿ壬дá
ˣλѪǿߣܱɵ󣬡Ĵ󶦣ȻҲڱصáЩЩòţǿҵĹͻơ
ָЩľϻӣУҫҫâ
ǿ־֮õʱܸоӵصԴͷӿֵվҾܽΪĹһ죬ʶ־֮صĹ˵ԸһУΪˣ
ֹģٻһ˵ݣһ⣡
ڵĹ̬
仰ֹһҲǳξʧܣѪǵıǱ׷ɱͶ·֮£̵Ѫ֮ѡڵңȺѳȥǳȥˣҲԱѩޣ
ҲȣֻòƽףʱڵִߵĹﾳ磡
еѪǾޱͼ𣿡
ֹЦ
ϣϸѪǾޱƣٴһʹŤģݣȻ֡
İŮ˵ĻǡֹЦɭ죬ҵһλع԰֪ӣšӦңҹ޸ҡʧԼˣҾۣȫ
ĻǣԶռղض׽ӡС

ëַ˵µأȥ˵Щ¡
ֻһʵ˵ǡ
Ѱ𣬻ǰζԴİŮӣ޹أҲûʲôȤԨüͷһûһأŻעһֱں͵ڶɷħϣλɷħЩս
͵ڶɷħսԶֹ¡
Ǿ߱ǣ¶ڿڣֺȻǶǿս
ɵħ⣬ҡӣһȦȦ⵴
ȦһͷͷЧֹĹݻ飬ɹӱܲʱ͸Ƕըѿ
ڶɷħҡһ䣬ԵεѪΪħеѪħ塣
һͷͷѪħͺţЩ־֮صĻۡػ̷ɻҡ
ˣ˵ģڿ־֮أҺ󶦵ԾԾԵأֹӽǵһοɽ̬Ĺ飬˲ǿ󡣡
λʲôֹģûôġ

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߰١ɷ顱ЯǵصĸڹŲΪ󣬸ֹʩѹ
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صħ㣬ȥϻ
Ԩؿԡɷ顱ػתݣֹĻ飬ȻС
ֹĻӰţɾǰѲ˻
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ɷ顱תţֹĻӰ˺Ž塣
ͬѪ̵ĵڶɷħԭȷֻΪһͷͷѪħ˿һֹѡΧָϽӿΪ塣
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йڿ־֮صľܣϣԴˣȡʸ񣡡ֹæصһУԹԷϡҷģӽԺٲ㣬һԸǰ䣬־֮
һ֪һλѪԨԴλڿ־֮սȥˣֳǿѪɫƣܵõΣáңߣ
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˼Ѫ̵طߣɵɷħ˵ڶɷħˡ
֪ǴʲôأɷħҪ࣬ͬǿɷħֹû˳ħĻᡣ
ΪˣڶɷħݵĴ֮



߰һʮ ħϯλ
Ԩϸ
ڣһŵİۣ·Ųͬħλ
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󶦣ӴʼͽɷħʮݵȼѪλĿǰڵ߲㣬ڵΪϸ󣬡Сɷ飬ûгħǰ±һΪɷħǿٽλ
ֹ㣬ǿĻ飬ڶתΪɷħԺڵݡ
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ڵڶ㣬ɹ󣬴ӡɷ顱ɱΪɷħģٶࡣ
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λӨ԰СĹӱ𴦶Ӧԯ
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֮Ԩ͸֪ĺأ½еΪڵĹħӿ룬һš
½·ĿռͨħХ룬ڶаħԪΪɵɱ
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񣬼ɫ׵İ磬Ρɽǰʱɽľ޴󻭾еĳȻһ䡣
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Σлв٣йҫǻ۵Ĺâһǹ顢
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Ϊʣͷ͵ʯ⡣
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áԨ
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ԨȻʲô
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˵ЩԨˡ
ʦĲ򵥰
ֹţħڵԨšɷħ뿪һеɽٴε档

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ҲãҲգΡ
վǺ棬֫һԨ΢ͫĵ˵㣬ԭԨԨ



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ͣɽġδҪȵʻǵСһţԶԶȥҲʢĵ衣
̻ͨȻ˿־֮أǮ׬
ԨҡͷʱͻȻ˽
ȻһЦڴڣִ֣񣬵СԨǰǰ̫ԨڣҲһá
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У֮ǰֹļʱһ̬
ͬѰһĻκһλڿ־֮سлߣ׶Ը
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ֱԨ
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˭Ҳ̻ͨ᣿
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ӨĺЫ̬壬ʱһڼӲ档
һƵı⺮Ϣڿ־֮صĵ棬š
ٽӤʱ⺮ϢȻֱգֱӤӶȥ

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ΨԨپת⡣
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ڿ־֮صĿ磬أӿСء
Ԩ
Ҳûϵιʴģ־֮صĿ磬ȻܹΪãСصļ

һķεıӨڵ̻ͣͨλӤӣ˲䱻棬񾹶á
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ԨĿ⣬ٴλü̻ˣ־֮أ̻׬Ǯ顣㣬Ҫ£ɾĲˡ
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𣬱𳳣򽭴Բ
ִ£ÿɣº޹ءģѰ鷳ˣʲôֵģҵҲ뿴ұ˺أΣԨһУ´˵ڶ



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Ϊ־֮رǻ
ͼˣɺӡˣɷħȻҲһ
ͬĻÿܲһƩ硰ɺӡԹɻǻۺԡ
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ڲеġɷħĻ󣬶ս
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ЩԨλߣӦ̻ͨλǿ񣬻൱֡
һ֣Ԩмܡ
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ڿ־֮صǿʢڶĹĸ߶ȣ
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ǲҡЦ죬ʾԨ֣أġͿأȷûʲôϵ
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⡭
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棬ǧĻŵĸɪɪ
СģȫֵĻ֪أãȻĹˡ
λĽˣ
ɫޱ䣬ǰʹսûж֡ڣԼսˣ˵־֮дʣ
𶯣֮սʱ䣬ûɣ



߰ٶʮ ׹Ǵ
ŪĶڿ־֮رˣ𶯡
ԨվڡɷħУԶǷҰգֻԼ˻ǣսȻȡ
Լо꣬ڴţţּҵĻս
֣սΪλἤûɰ
Ȳ⡣
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ͻȻ䣬߾Өİ׹ǣ͵ִ﷽ӤӱľСء
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ѩ׵âɴɣиķεľСأһƬСأһΪ
κηӦʱСؾ˺ѿ
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׹ĹļƣǴȷӤӣûŪǰͣһ
׹Ǵˣ
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ǽ̻ǰ˵һЩܵʱ䡣̫ԨڵŮǰİ׹ĹȻ壬Ц˵Ⱥ˵Ǹ
֪㡣׹ĹɫҫĺĹâҺܶ£ڶ˵㡣⼸ŪĶСü㡣ֵǣ㲢û֮㻹б⣬αڿ־֮ضôã
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Ԩ׹Ĺͫб̻Ȼһ
£ȷԨ
³ǵλǵĳǲǽԯ

һһ
׹ĹĬΣͻȻδݻһ£Ԩһˣ



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ԨҪԨһʱҲã̻ͨˣЩȡ
ңȥģԨ
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׹ĹתǾ߾Өİ׹ҫĹһ뿪ȻԨ˸Ҫһġ
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λϺں̬վڽ˵׹Ǵ˺ǿڶĹУ׹Ǵ˵սŽǰ׹ǴˣӵܳΪǱʵĹ
ĹܼףɱΪġ
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Ԫһ츳ǱʣкܶҪ
ֽĿ־֮أСĹŵĻ飬ʮ֮ࡣ
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Ǿձļ롣һֻ֣Ȼ󴫵һƻ
ǧ˲ӿҡδΧ
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ǣ־֮С
ģұŽ
꣬Ǹ֪뿪Ժλ̫ԨڵŮӲǱ̻ͨӤӣԵļ۸˲̲ǵҩġ
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ЩȻ֪׹Ĺ˭ɽʱСһЩֱȥðͷ
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ĹĻǻۺԣһ㲻ѷɫκθߵȽ׵顣
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ܶģڲӡУֻǹѪʡ
ذףǴࡣ
лл׹Ǵˡԯ
ġĵû˿鷳ôһ仰׹ĹӴʯ뿪
ԯ㣬þòԨ˵

̬ԯƮǰһ֣Ԩġ
ԨֻãЩ΢ȴûдʵĸо
Ͼ̬
ʱжֵˣڵӰҶˡԨ⣬˵ĮʱӰҶٴζ֡ţλӰҶˣѾ氲ɱˡ
氲ԯɫЩ⣬㵱棬氲аħһˣ



߰ٶʮ ƾ
ԯ˻ʱӰһ
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һ̣֪ڻȻ䣬ԨԽ
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ȻԼˣ㱳˺أҲӦԼ
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Ԩԥһ£˵ҶҩҵҩУһλȥҩ񡣶λҩǰ氲ѡǵڷϼʵǵɽۣͼ氲˵λҩĴߡ
Ȼ󣬲ʱұڡΪ׵˶ԣԳǡ
氲Ϊα˺أҲԵɡ⣬ȷʵҵڶħа

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Ϊܸԯλҩ
ֻѡһ֣ԽӽġʵԯףϷʲôΪѡ뿪ǣΪαľ
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Ӫ·ߣͻǸԨ
¾ģֻҪԨֻҪٴαϿɣԸҪҲҪ棬Ԩԯϲˣ
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Ԩ𻰣ɫ΢΢һ䡣
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ҾãƾˡԨȡ



߰ٶʮ ˼
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ʲô֪Ī⣬Ԩڿ־֮أͰ׹ĹһĪڼʱڣ˵˻ĹǰĻ



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Сİ׹ĹԨУ͸첻
׹Ĺһλϵ飬ⲽĹȥ
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Ȼһͷͷϸ첲ȵĻҷŲȱҴܣЩʥ׹ҫ
ִˣ
ִ˾
Ⱦǣ
ǻͨĻһշţһ߰ȡ
λͬáĹŵĻ֣ЩСʯӱǿͷųۻʥâʱƮǼ޺Ĵӡ
ڽǰ·жŰ׹ǵʣ¶١
׹ǵ۳ڶУûŴ𻰡
̧εļڽӵ£ЩâӰ졣
Ȼ󣬾ͼĻأӿڽ棬޺Ĵӣܰ׹ǵĹơ
ӵĲȱʳŽϵĻȱֿϡ
޺ӣƺܹǣڶʱָ
ֻҪû͸
Ԩһ½ڵĪ⡣ԯһ֣ȥһᣬڵλ
һ䣬̨ɣ;
գۺ̨Ȼ½۵渡֣ԯһ٣óһӿڵҽ̶͵½ۡ
½ۺȻɫǼ䣬ʮݡ



߰ٶʮ ӿ
־֮ء
һֻѩ׺꣬ڿкХţֱ׹Ĺء
񣬲Ǽɫڣλ£Ųæһûһ˵
;УһɽУʱǿĹ¶ͷ
ʱ׺ֻ˵һ仰˳˵£
κ̾ɽĹһŰ׺ǡ˲ʶȤˣߺţʺã
׺Զ־֮ЩǿĹȻԡʺ
ɼЩĿеĵλжߡ
ɫеİ磬ɫɣʱͷ
ңѪ̺͡ãȻֱֳӡڿ־֮£˳
ߣֻǸһλ£һ·ûκɽͷĹϮ
ǽơ
֮
һΡɽͷ밲ɽͷڻ谵Ļ£Ȼһʥѩɽ۸С
Ǿǰ׹Ĺɽͷ
׺ɽǰͣ£Ͱһ䣬С˵λ׹Ĺ˵ǳĲˣ൱Ϊпǰ㣬Ϊ¹ģ
Ȼ𾴡
ڽ־֮ǰĺú
ۼ֤ˡţǧЧ
˰Ե׾ġ˵λ׹Ĺͬ죬ҲλĹһй֮
׹Ǵˣ˳£ݼ׹Ǵˡ
׺Ȼͷųָ߸̧Ҿ񣬡Ҫڰ׹Ǵ˵أһߣԨһڴ󶦶ǰֹɽڡ
׺ߺ
üһһ˫ֵѪâ
̬ɫ׵ĴڣȻܶѪѪ壬Ѫĺۼ
ˣûлڣһû
׺ֽУܰɣ
׹ĹɽԼھͰˣһ¶ʣĻЩˡ
ҸӦĵ缫Ϊƶλ׹ǴˣԼسˡĹ֮սޱȵƵλ׹ǴˣĸǿĹȡ֮ȻĨɱˡ
ûܣûܵġ׺ҡͷ˵׹Ĺأ˰Ĺ֣ȻûκĹսʤ׹Ĺ
ԼѰˡ
е㲻ˣһ䣬Ǽɫ׵ǻλ߳һѪ
Ѫûб¶ڿУֻһͻ˿˿ĵ磬עڲǶС
ɫףȻųĿĹâ
ױΪɺɫɫ׵깵ͨһ£ͻȻ棬ҡ
ŶŶŶõġ׺ͷ

ڵ½ۣɢΪһƵ˷ȥ
ۻӰ
Ӳӵ̨Ϸԯ񣬱óҽ̶Ǵ޵һ
У½ڵҽ̶˲û
ԯܱɵҽ̶̶ˮǵĻâ͸½۵
һؾۣٴһ½ۣڻ̶غġ
ԯãҶǼ½ɵӣαؽأǻڣǳħûԹɱˣȥԺ󣬸Ӳý
ұ֤
ҷģ
Ԩ飬½ؿƿ͸¶ԯãдһ氡
½ҽ̶ڣȻذ
ԯš
ԨĽζȻһĨâµĴ
âһԨǶоתƱǧа͸ʶСأͷתأһӷֲ嶫
Ҳͣûڵһʱ

ֵħ⣬ǵâ¿ĺ磬ٴԹιǸӿ롣
һ룬ǼȪƤдȼ
ڵһ£Ѫ⽫ιס
ĺ磬ӿɷħʱǼԿеƤѣ˺ѽ塣
ҲƬʱ䣬¾ӿٴΪųħ⡣
ħܶɣǼƤѣѾ类չҽƮɢ
Ϥġ٤ħг죬ڡɷħ£ԤıһֵĹ
٤ħȻ޺Ĵڡ
ʱĪشӽڳͷضԻĹ˵ÿһ㣬µصҡ
ʮĻĹЩŭȴ˼Īݣҷ
֣ݺɱʿ˵һߣǻȻӡ
ĪʱûǸˡ
ԹԵأŲһЩռ䣬ĪܹռǴõλá
ûŪ㡣ĪڽǰȻεţֹУ·û׹Ĺʩչ׹ʥɱŻĹ£һ⽫٤ħڵص֮Уħзֿתע
Īź㴩ǼѣЩȻ԰㣬Եһ¿־֮صĹιǺ硣

ɷħϿƯǱ٤ħһ
Ͷ꽻ԨĬĬأӽڽʻС
ʶʱǿ鰲Ѫɫ壬ڽСռڣһһأͷѪɫ΢⡣
һ£жʱһ²⡪֪ڵλá
Լãٶȣ߸
ûжڴС
Ϊ漸κͰĽӴǱλѾͷƣ㱻
׹Ǵˣ㡭
ڴʱ̻ͨġδƵƮ˹ӤӺ򽭣ڴϴǰӴ̣Щ֪롣
ҡδȥɽͷû׹ĹҲûʵĻ
£ڰ׹ĹڣѰ
Ȼ󣬾Ѱ
Ȼ󣬾ͿĹսԨԯħĪ⡭
һ뿪δ֪ٵ½ۣʱԯöɵҽ̶ûһڻ̶ˮʰ쵣ȴá
ƣ½۵񣬼



߰ٶʮ Ҳһ
Ԩֳֽʣ

üһתɫ΢ȡ
֪ΪΣν֣һ˽ԼΪõĸо
ָоǰδй
ƿش˽ʶã޷ýʵܼԦ̲ڵģǧ˿ƵĽ⡣
ڲһˣо˽ʣ
һ̣һʶͷ˳ʡ
˲͸ܳڽʵײĽ⣬һҷϸ
ԣϴʶкͲ
ͬʱһͷ۹ӡŵĽۡ

ɲǼ䣬Ԩ첲糺ɫ
Ѫڣһؽعͷ糺콣â糤磬·磬ѪܺҪܱ
ڱ۹˻Х
·ڻɺͽѣȥ²
ܳȸԾͼԼܲ׽⣬ֱ̫̫ãҪɣǺӵļУ
ԨȻһ
½أõصĽ꣬ûŵնǰѽʣûĸо
ǰڻͱţǿͻƵ΢ʶ۹ǽЩ
Ȼ󡭡
˿̣ظӦ˻ǣʶͱ۹ǽꡢӡͽصĽ⣬ľӡ
ʶСأꡢصĻǣֲľ
΢ʶɣɱУʵ֣
ˢ
ܵġ٤ħڶλӵնһĵĵâȻһˮϪӡ
âڣɭɭӿһڤƾո֣Ҫɻ
һâܱڶ鶼𾪡
λĹۿš٤ħһγɵ仯ɫ䡣
Ժֳħõģλ־֮Ĺ
֪ѡ٤ħλħõĹɽû˾־ڶС仯
ħ꣬Ȼһɱ䡣
Ҳʹãɡ٤ħӳĵâϿ־֮أâ·ϵ˴˷ء
ãסˣûĪ⡣Ĺҡ
ΣҿûǼƤѣĪ˵
âʹնɷħ
Ԩ
۽Ļˮ̶ԯľС
δеӤӣۿĪԨ֣һڴһĿ⣬޲Ԩһ̣ͻɢ
ϧˣ
ǳ򽭣Ԩӡ󲻴ʱҲ̾Ϣ
Ϊִ̻£Ī˭ʲôͷľսΣʵ̫ˡ
Ī⣬ξ
ξΪš٤ħڿ־֮ϮɱԨвʤĵ
գƯһſ˶ʯͷ룬ͷųʥâİ׹ĹҲЩ죬ȥһ¡ɷħ
׹ĹɫͫȻ䣬ųһĨ֮ɫ
ģǡ٤ħĵâǵâϿ־֮صĴںڶ
ǣԨֱ۴Ŀֲ
˾һĻͻȻˡ
վڡɷħڣħֵԨһֳֽʣһֿţ͸ħĶܣ¶⡣
ԨֱۣһƬ糺죬ڲǧڽѪܱӿ
ϸԷ糺Ԩֱڣʡ
׹Ĺ죬Ժֵģаħһâ¾Ļ棬һλλа䣬ħ
ӤӺˣǹ죬ԺģȻصھޣżһâʬĳ
Ĺ죬·𿴼һλĹ糺ǡ
λִļϣͷ󣬸ںԪ޽а塣
˵˹ѺأȥǺεʱɢ
ôҿģ棬Ǽ٣Ĺ겻ᡣ

һѤõ糺콣âǧɣǽʿڱ
âɳһ谵Ŀ־֮أһ죡ҫĹ飬Ƕʹ
Ԩ첲Ŀ磬ڲص΢СģûǵĻ飬˲䱻ɻҽ
ͷĽϽģعĻ飬糺콣âٲʱֻմȾһϢҲ̼š
ԨǰĿռ䣬ݣŤէ֡
糺콣âռǱ俪һôڵͨͨ͸˿־֮أ֪˺δ
ۣۣ
٤ħĵâǵȼıڣڿһؽصѸըѿ
һֱը٤ħĵС͵
٤ħˡصҡҡλεأĪȥڿʱ£ʱڵء
һ糺콣âٲبգ˺񷣬ĨɱĿֲ⣬޼ɵͷų
âڽɢ
ǽâϢǿգɲеĲ⣬Ȼڳ
˺͹Ƕ˶
һĿ⣬Խǵǳ䵭ľĹâԨ
ڡɷħڣԨֽʵֻ֣ᴹࡣ
õֻ֣ʱ򣬻ջء
ֱۣ类糺ȾͿĨ¶ڿ£ëѪƤܶιǸĺʴ
ʱԨͷʱһ
㣬ǿ㹻ĸ߶ȣ޵еĽһɣﶼҪʱ־֮νĿ磬ҲֻһЦ
ûǵĹһӳΪ۳
ڵͽͷŵȣһᡣ
Ҳʹã糺콣ŵֱۣһѪû
΢ʶɣʶΪŦҵ꣬ͽ꣬ͽڵĽӡҲĽ˶ʩչԦɽ
һҴѪʶ
ССһķһɾһңʩչģ
һ֮Ԩ緢ͷХ
Хӡɷħ˷ɢ
Хģ۹飬Զ񣬶Ļ
ΪԨһХȻˣδȫɢ糺콣âڵĽ⣬һնصĽ⣬иռ
ǿĽ
ԯһԣûǻڵ½۲дĻǣ۽ɾ
Ҳİġ
һҪԨӤӣĽˡδվڴ룬һܻסǵӴ
Էɫѿڡ



߰ٶʮ ȥɣ
һͷͷξ޴צĹಡһԶԨĴ󶦡
Щû͡٤ħϣԨ¶һӵϵزʳԨĻǣζ
ڣǾӵԶһ㣬Զһ㡣
谵Ļ£ٲһبյ糺콣â·ڶС
˷أؾ
׹ĹԻĹµϮɱҲΪôһСʱһ
޺ǰĹɥɥҺòҰôÿλήͷϡ
Ī񣬴٤ħع飬ͷһۺҲЦ
٤ħһشػԨԽʻӳһնļ
ʹѡ
Σ־֮УҪһ£ҲΪ˰ħɱ䣬ħڵһΪ׼
ӣλĬ£ǧӿŨСĻȻһˡ
ңħĵУ·˶һЩ
ˡ
ħϸ΢Ķϲ㣬ĪʱʶӡеľϸħӦҲмݻ١
Ԩ
ٴκ֣ĪУ͸˳ǵӿ
ɷħҵģ
ãǽͷġ޾ꡱҲ
ԨӶĸԵԴѸƾǿ󣬲ĪļվںͬСͷϣ
˳𣬲죡
ˣŻȺʼĻǵضԸԨ뾡취Ԩʹ죬ԨӦ
ȡԯΪ³ǵ³Ҳٳɡ
ˣݼﰵĳ֣ȻҲ⡣
ףô̰
̫ԨڵĽͳһεĻɺӡųشԶХոһ˵糺콣â֪Ժδ
ֿǶ¶ǿҵȤ
˵صսʵ̫ھˣСɺӡ֣ѲӦ
׹ĹԨ̻ķӤӡȻҪ
ΪԨӤӼľ𣬿ƼĪͻĹһ֪Ծˡ
׹ǴˣλǻĹɣ
ȷأһ޺ǰĻ֣ʦһЦ˵ǰأŰ׹Ǵ˵أֻһֱûлݷáû뵽ִ˻ڶ£ݷð׹Ǵˡ
˵⻰ʱЦ
Ц˾Щ⡣
Яڶ£ͼû׹ĹĻ֣ŽЦ;ò̫СˣһξҲڿ־֮أʲôڿ־֮أʲô
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С㣬һ֮㣬»ֵء߸յİ׹ĹȻ֣µأ̫ԨڵĽ롣
׹ǣˣŭЦһξ񣬴һЩϺзҺΣ׹ʲôݣǱƼˣǽҲôİְɣ
ڻĹУֻеŹֶѣҲڴˡ
ξЩ֪ڿ־֮ɱ˶٣Ӳ۵ס
Ҫ֪κεõĹߣڿ־֮ض൱ھޣճĻξҪ߳Ƚף
ƵϽ
׹ǴˣŪ״˵۾һȴûмڴӦĴһ̻򽭣ִ£ǰһ۵糺콣â˭֣
ģȻһ
һԨ
ߣȻڡɷħеԨϣ£ѯʣѾͷķϣܷңվһߣ
Ȼǰ׹ǴˡԨЦݲá
Ȼ쳣ԵأһӣͷõؿڣһΪͻһġȻͰ׹Ǵһͺðˡ
ɫأŤͷ԰׹Ĺҽ룡
׹ĹӨͷǣͷˡǡ죬ã
Ԩһ򦣬һŽʣһ˼
֣٤ħܣӦֻˣҼǵãǰĪĽӴħųҪǿ١ò̫ͷ
ҪʱܶϤ룬Իǽ
Ī⣬㲻һĵط־֮ءǱħҪѪĪΪѪ⣬һܶõģΨл
ټһֿ־֮صǴħоĵط
ʵΪִκڴˣʵܾΪ˵־֮صĹȥԺսȻ½һȽ׵˵
ǻжǿߣˣᱩ
͡
Ԩһ£ҲѸ׹
Īȷߣϧڿ־֮أĪ޷Ϊ٤ħעѪָĵԴʹòˡ
Լǲơ
⣬ն´޵Ľʶ꾭УɽĴĥڿʩչ
۷Ľнһ졣
ңںʶѪ²ָ
ˣֻҪֺֻҪܲϻӽڿ־֮ضԻɱʵ쳣Ŀ£궼Ϊһе˷ܣ۳һнڶӦӳ֣
ڿ־֮أʵηηţɷſɣ
սⰻȻظߺ

Ĩɱ½۵ԯҡһ䣬޵̬̫ԨڵĽļ
ħڣǶɣ΢Ц
ǰ˵ǰʦԯɽԨĹԺҲ֪Ů˵ݣҺѾͷϵõģ˽ǲ
˵Ӫ棬Цͷʾԯ棬Ȼ԰׹Ĺ˵׹Ǵˣ룡
ħĪ⣬Ȼ̫ԨڵˣΪҪԨš٤ħĪ⣬ɫӦ֪Ԩ˺صͽ
Ұǰ׹ǴˣԨɫ䣬˵⣬ҪԸģҲֻǻĹ֮˽Թ޹أңҲ͡
գϸ֫Ϊɺӡ
ٺ٣С˵Ϊһڴսʲô
Ĺһû˵ͻȻӲؿסˡ
ĵĹĿȻֳ֮ɫĲ˼顣
ɴָۣţ˵
󣬽ǧĻȡʱһǴ˼Ѫ㣬ΧŽ໺Х
Ϊɺӡ·һģɾˮ۶ɵĺ
ڵĺˮΪɫ⣬ڷעһͷͷĻ
УעĻһ˲䣬ʵһȽף
ع飬˲·߱Ĺս
ԽߵȽ׵ĹȡԽ࣬ƺֻˣһ䣬ȵսȽһ֣
꣡ɺӣ
ĹڲΡΡأ˵֣ûпɣôǻɺӣôǻɺӣ
ʱ񣬻ԽأһԨнʡ
Ĺ૵صҸոմǽâУƼĻ棬ѵģ

ԨŽʵֻ֣ýЩ΢̣ûɵظо⽣ʺΪɺӡƺʶġ
Ҳʱ΢𣬲ŵؿԨеĽʡ
ɺӡڣǱ꣬Ĳ
ɱɺӡһ˵ģǽڲ֪ٵǱ
ɺӡԭˣ˿־֮ϵһ
Ǻӣ˹ն´ɱɺӡΪԴͷйأڵ壬ͱն´޷عأط־֮ء
ɺӡغԴͷҲںأܱնɱ
ɺӡʧӲܹʱ־֮ء
λΪɺӡӿ־֮ش˳ȥ⣬Σ˺ظűն´Ѱɱ
Ȼ󣬡ɺӡֱ˽



߰ʮ նĹ
ɡ
ÿһƻ·𶼷˿ɬûɵظеҺͺ¡
ǲϵԨֹĶѨͷš
ͱ£ˡɺӡԣ־֮ص֮ʱָ˴
Ȼڶлᵽɺӡζ֪ˡɺӡͷ׷ѡǰͶϡ
ʱڣ;ӿڶ׺ױȿ־֮غܶзŵĹǿ
ʱв½Ԩڵɽͼ
ԨĴڣǿжȡɽ
Ԩ֮ʣȥûвһЩµĽ顣
ңϽĻȥԨɽ
ôǲԨᣬԨִ
˿̣Ǿ
ɺӡ꣬Ȼ֪ԨнʱصǱնɱλ˵й֮
ֻ꣬ǾǽʵĲ⣬;
Ҳѹ֣һ·ϡɺӡ꣬ڴߴκξǰҪŪ糺콣âͷɺͷš
ɺӡ꣬ûŪ糺콣âʱǱ
ðͷ
ɼɺӡ꣬öôľη־λʵˣ
;Уû˵־ԭֱողŵ࣬е¡
ûãûĽ飬ûȥԨ
ɺӣȻǻɺӣڤĻɺӣĹ޺ǰ²صڤǿ־֮ϵĹҲǵһ̤־֮Ժ󣬸ڳǺӵĹ
ڤŵʱ̫ɺӡֹ־֮صĹֻ֪Сɺӡڣȴδۼ
Ĺͬδڿ־֮պյ
ڤĪⶼȻɫ
־֮ǰⷽأһϸ˽⡣
Ȼ֪ڤʲô
ڤֽ־֮صͷҸΪϣ
˵УλڤԴͷǿ־֮·Դͷǿ
ڤӿʼڿ־֮𣬾ͱ϶򣬴Դͷ־
һ˵µԴͷ˺һĹޣǻǵŵŦ
˵Դͷģǣ
˵ڤԴͷǵһԻɡԴͷʶݶɣ
Ҳˣڿ־֮أڤûйܼ
һ޵еݣɨй飬ѹһĹѸٳ
ڤΪʱĹȻȻΪԡ
ڵĿ־֮أΪս˭Ҳ˭ƽƽ
ڤûдӿ־֮뿪ǰһأл﹫ϵ졣
л
ֳֵġɺӡڤµĻԺĻȽף˲һǺεȿŵ
Ī಻ѣĺȻҡڲ

ͼͶϽĻȵԺ󣬻ӰͿһͷͷЩĹĹ

һͷĹЧڽһͷ̬Էиء
ĹɵıӰţû
˷ܵ
ĵȽףҲǺͻһΪ˫ϳˡ
ΪɺӡĴڣעһԴԡԴͷĴܣ˲ʵǵĹս׾ٵؽ϶ͷɱ϶ͷĻûɣ׳
ƵһĻϵš
ͬսͼĹɺӡߣȻȫƣЩĹкĹ̱׷ϻɱ
ɺӡк͡Դͷӣȫ浫ݵ
ǰս֣һ浹ĸԭ
ĪҲ˼ţҪı·
֣£
׹ĹХһһ˶ʯͷǳͷŴʥĹ⣬һ޺ӷȥ
ʥâ䣬ҫĻ׷ɢ
׹Ĺⲽһ˲ס
ĹǼ޺ӣҲ˲µĪĽ£һƵܻעڡ
޵ĽӣһŻ棬߿Ʈš
׹Ĺ׷ᣬϾԽ˵أӽԺڽС㣬Ұ׹ǲȾָ
֮ǰȥδʵϾ뿴Ͻµ˭
һ˲䣬׹Ǿϳס֫ǡɺӡ
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׹ǺҲһֱͷۣͷ۸ôӦôš
СɺӡĽ֪ѶԸνԼأͽгͻ
ĽͽҪһ
ֻˣ˫ܲǳעҪս
ĹЯ¶ð׹һҵ˽ǰİ취ͽȥĹء
ԽڵӣȡĹе㼬֡
Լһʧˡ
ȻˣȥأҪôڣ׹޹ˡ
Ҳͨ˾٣ͽ飬˫ˮˮδĳ໥Ӧ
׹Ǵ˵Ķ飬ҼˡЦŵл
׹ǲ˺һҲԸλ־֮صİ׹ǴˣŪˮݡ
Ϊɺӡе꣬Ͱ׹ǳͻ
λ׹Ĺڿ־֮һĴڣҶһ޶
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ˣĻͷŻѴûЩֵ²лꣿȵ
Ԩɣ׹Ĺ׷ֶȥֻнԭأնɱֵ£˵ǰܷһȡһֻɷħ
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ӡɺӡ괦Ȼ֪˻һˡڤʵԭնɱˣôηǽʣΥԨԨȥ
һЩ
Сɺӡ֣ڿ־֮أʲôҲ
ԨȹңѣҪæĵطܿڣܺأԨ׳֦Σǲܵģڿ־֮أҲܻ̫࣡
ĺ󷽣ħڵԯһȻŹ֡



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ңڿ־֮صҲ͡׹Ĺʯڣһľż˵Ҵ½ض



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أԯѯʡ
Ϊ˸ֵӣѰ׹ĹͣûҪˡ
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ԨڡɷħУüͷһšĿŰ罥нԶзŹֵѵʲô
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Ҳ֪ʲôûǰȷܵ㡣
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Աߣԯоͳħڽõİ׹Ĺƺڳ󣬾͸Ԩˡ



߰ʮ Ѷ
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߰ʮ Ϊ
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Ȼָֻ̼̬һͷ׸ߵȻƯ
̾ɽڶĤݣ׷׸ߺعأ

һ޴ĺɫȣɽľ𶯣ӡ٤ħԶĴ
ͷ͵Ĺ³ڹǰһ˫ɫ̫Źȣ˵ܾúܾûмˡ
ȹĪ⹰Ҿ
ǰĺȹһλھޣ඼ǿԺɢֻʣһѡ
һִ־֮أʱ⣬ڵĺȹ
Ī֪ȹܽ־֮أװг˲
Ҳˣλ־֮صĺȹڴɽϴӡ٤ħ꣬Լ
ĺȹת޹֮Ϊ̬Ϊǰķģ
׸ߣqqģİһںڰħ
ȣ׷һΪ죬Ī⸸Ϊ񣬸˹
ԹԴţȥԨءȹȵ
Īɫ΢䣬ô磿
̽һ£󣬺ԨûгȹԶ˵غǧ٣ѾˣҲˣͺԨͲϣȻҪһ
һ䣬ӴźȣХ
ֵĻƺƵģߡ
־֮أֱعǧٹȹͺԨ
Ĺͬûиߵ֣֮û׼ȷ
Уڲս൱Ǵ˷˵Ĵڡ
ǰ䣬йε׽ɱֲʤҪ˵ֳˡ
ôأ˭Ҳκβ˭أ໥ҲͲٲɱ
ˣصĶӿ֣еʹԴͷãᵽ
ҵľ棬˲־֮أҲˡ
ȴˣӦҵ飡ĪͻȻߺ
׹Ǳ߲żȺͺԨ˵ȹӼԶصԼǰ׹ǣɲǺǵġ
Ī⡰Ŷһûٶ˵

ȳɽˣ
ͬڿ־֮ڡ
ֻ׺̬Ĺͼڣۼͷƽĳ棬ˣЯ£ǳԨضȥ
ڡͼڣ˵ͷ˵֪ˡ
ɫ׵İ磬ɽ£ų¶Իرá
һ£İ׹ǣԨİ£ɱڰ˵Ĺ½أɱھŵȪĹʮһĺĹ׺棬ֳšɷħԱԨͰ׹ֺð׹ʤ
û̫İ磬һ׺˵Ԩ˾
ûʲôԨ׹ҲӮڡͼĻֺ빬ڣԲ˵׹ǵսǰĹû뿪ǰҶΪŵڶɱŵڰˣŵھţʮһĹҲ⡣
ˣ԰׹ôߣ׺
׹ƣҪԸģӦλǼһͼ¼ڣһ£˵һս׹ʤˣڿ־֮Ũ̶ȣܹλֵġ
˵׹пѸٳΪ¹׺Ȼ
־֮عԴͷϵҲͺϢϢءͣ˶ˣ߶ˣԴͷӿҲԽ࣬ܵĹ
Ҳܣٳ¹
ʱڣ־֮а˴ʱأ˿̻ҡа˴ʱǼ½Դ½սǬ½ĸ۹֮
Ҳֻγɹ˴ԴͷҲûбϵĸı䡣
ˣڹħ룬׷ӿ룬еħ½Դ½ɱζӿڼ䣬ǿ¹ܣͳֻڴ˵г֣δйĹ񣡡
˵Ǿ仰ʱڡͼŶȻһ
־֮۷ڵ׷ѰĿ꣬ǽ
ֻгΪ־֮صף˷غȻҺκа塣
ִ߶ȣںħԪǿߣ񣬶κβ

ɷħպХţһͷͷȥ
ڰ׹Ĺ£ϰˡɷħϣһе˱ɷħϣͻԹԹá
һߣз˿ϸ׹ĹһС
׹ǿɭ׻ȼգϸߣڻнڡ
׹ͫУɫĹâҫĿ
ʶأһշţϲ׽ġɷħԨһ֮ڶʱڣɱλĹ
Сء
Ԩ۷ŹأһײЩܼġɷ顱ϣֿġɷħ

µĻ飬߬ų붦У붦棬Ϊɷ顱Ĺ̡
ǧɷħγˣ
ⷽСأ¡¡
ʮɷħʮɷħСģ͵ȼһ࣬ҲطУ
ʮɷħǵ󶦳ΪȾʮɷħγɣǿЩ󣬷ܾʩչ
ˣڿ־֮أයһӣռһЩ
Ͱ׹ǵĺ˫棬ڳΪ·ϣԽɷħ
껶
Ԩͷڶࡰɷ顱ţҲԵϲã׹ǵһĿ꣬ӦǰλĹһսҪģһʤܳΪ־֮صλ
ң



߰ʮ ޲TĹ
־֮أ
գ
һӨİСǣɫͫʱųҫĿ⣬ڱӲĴء
أ̧ʱʵĽģͬŲҫâ
һѩ׺ǣʥʮ㡣
һڴ󶦣վƯţ
ǧεĻ棬롣
һһ˴ԶɽʱԽ
˵ɽСζҲɽĻȽײ̫ߡ
־֮صĹأԽŨɽͻ˳Ʊߣ̾ĹҲԽǿ
Ψһ⣬ⷽС򡪡޲TĹأ
޲TĹ˿־֮ڶĹ֮ǿߣ
ΪĹλǸ
񣬴δı䡣
ͱķĹһ޲TĹڳɾΪĹûļ£ûѡŨ򣬶Ĺ֮سʱ䶺
Ҳⷽλá
ʮĹǿս߲ܡ
ʤߣްܼ
ƫƫΪ־֮صĹǿʮսУûնɱκһλ֡
ʤˣͷζԷ뿪Է´ѰսȻС
ٴλʤٴɰ뿪ûʹɱ֡
֮սһΪʤĹʳߣ԰ߵĻ׳Ǵ˷زпĹء
ڻʤԺ߬ȡһУƫƫȷ֡
־֮ķĹսǰ뿪İĹҲȺΡ
ν԰ܣĹ𣬶ȫˣºʵ˶ǡ
ôķĹûսûнϽģֻһλ
ڴ˵İ׹ǣ
޲TĹҶЩڴˡ
ɷħڣԨ򦣬ûնУɢº̤޲TĹɽȥһ߰׹ǣһ˼
׹ѰӴս֮ǰսͲһ
ĹȪĹкĹͷβûб׹ΪУ׹ػʱԵ࣬ڡ
ڴ˵أ׹ǾȻЩнһԼ£Ǻ
ʱ;У׹ѵô˻ϻӣ˵˺ܶ޲TĹϰԺ͹ԴǼ䶼ɵ
Ҫˡ
׹ĹڴǰȻֹԶһ׸ߣҰɫɽͷȻ𾴵˵Ĺ֮ء
Ԩȥ
ҲʱɷħĶƱƺ˳ߣ޲TĹɽͷѵˣɽ̫һɽ䰫Сںǳľ⣡е㲻ϳ
Ԩ㶣ĺȣۣ
Ϊ֮¶ʶĵ磬۾ȣ·߱˶ɣﱻڸǱʵ
ۡУ޲TĹеİСɽͷɽһƵ
Ϊʵʣܹۡؿɽٲɽͷ
׹ǣλ޲TĹ·ɽˡԨȡ
ӣһһĹϤˣĳƺʲôˡֱ
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׹Ĺͷ棬׵ĹҳΪĹһҸԼµĳԽĿꡣҴӵʮλǰڵĵڶΪһ졣
ǰôûսԨɻ
һսܻʤٴΣ䡣׹ͫģ˸ǻ۵ĹâҺܾǰףܾκĹսͨͬĹԼ
ЩޱļһԶףû׼ãûĵĵһսһˣҲӮΪɱ֣·ûƳﱸ£ݲݿս
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ۣΣӦ֪࣬ҲܻʤŴӿ־֮뿪ȥѰһᡣ
Уû뿪ǰһͲǰˡ
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һ仰˵꣬׹޷˵أʼȻǰ
һѣĿɭ׵硣
Ԩ˼Ƿͨ꣬ɷħҲؼ١
һΣҲӮ⣬һ޲TĹԨɫϾۡ򿪣źɽĽӽһɳصѹȻȻֹ
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ɽӽ꣬ǳĸоÿٽʮףѹͻһ֡
ָо·޲TĹɽѹǡ
ѨϣʶСأɽѹ
ԣǻþ
һͼŵġۡ۽⽦䣬һƵʶͷǹɿֲѹ顣
䣡
ԼʶСأ˻ϿգһСɽƾո֣
Ұɽո۾ȥףСͻ
Ȼ˿Ұɽ䲻ʶСس֣ͻȻɸߣΡ£ǧĿ磡
Դݿ࣬ɱİƣһأ˻ѹ

ʶСأһ̣һҪơ
ͷʹѣ;ԺһͻըѿǣԽʶͷΪĩһѪ
޲TĹ
Ԩŭ𣬴Ӻܷ˫ھѹ£ɳɫѪ˿
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ˣ
ļٵĺʶСرըͼΡΰɽƱǧʯը
ɽȻɻ³ҪѹĻǡ
类źϢĸоԨͷоŬ޷ıջ

򡰴Уǿзȥĵػ꣬ǿѹ£͵ꡣ
˲£Ϊһǧʶ͵Ϊһɣע޴ڡ
һӴޱȵľ޴꣬غ϶ɣһϢ䣬ٴαǧ򱶣ñɽߴ֪ٱ
ԼʶСأ֮ľ޴꣬ħ죬丩·硣
ǧɸߵɽ;޴ȣС糾ֱͬն
ſڣһХХ񷣣ضҡ𵴡
ͻȻʶСأɸߵΡɽ͵ѣƴٺȻ
ͷʹѵԨҲڶ˲䣬㯵Ĺ쾳
վڶڵıݡһСأŶڵĵϣγ鴤ţ¡
磬׹Ĺվɽ£ɽ΢
׹ǲԣҲûֻǡڡһȫȼɭ׻棬ȵ׹ս
޲TѹꡣһٻӰɽƮɳȴûȿ׹ǣںġɷħڵʹߣˣ¶һ



߰ʮһ ս
׹ȥ޲TأӦǣʽ޲Tս
׹ǣڳΪĹԺ󣬸Һ޲Tһսˣ
ˣҵõ׼ȷϢ׹ȥ޲Tսˣ

ԻأڽڶߵȽ׵Ĺ֮䡣
־֮صǿ׹ǽ޲TأȸԾ
ڰ׹ǵĶʵǹڼɱλͬĹûԷǣĹƣǰС
׹ǵܶĹֲ̿Ҳйע׹ǵĶ
Ƿְ׹ǣо·Ϊ֮һ䣬޲TضȥΪԼǵЩĹʼΨ²ҡ
ͬڹ֮ս׹һ֣ǲݵľ档
ʱֻ̽ԽӴ̽ԷսҲͰˣȺźʵļȥ
ڶĹУǰеİ׹ǣײк
׹㶯֣սһʼˣչֳĲбݾеĹ鶼塣
ƫƫ˵Ķ֣ߣԡȺ͡޲TĹ
ĹĳͻȻ־֮أڶĹġ
عǧٹҲ֪£һа׹Ǻ޲TսϢ͵һʱ
˵Ϊ⣬׹Ǻ޲Tս

޲TĹ߳ɽ
׻ɫСɽ뿪ǣȻѤö˵
ƽƽСɽͷ߲⣬ɽĲʣڶ̶ʱڣ˾춯صĸı䡣
ɽһ貣Ʋϡ䱦ɽ
ݣݣ
һ߲ʹ޲TɽҫĿ־֮ػ谵գΪ֮һĿ
޲T
ǿļλӦ
ͼ־֮һĨĨ޴Ӱնǧ֮⣬޲Tλãɽİܶ
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׼ȷӦ޲TɽЩӴĶһ
ѳֵɽϢϣͬȻͬ
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޲TĹɽľޱ䣬Ӱһɻȴһ
λ־֮صĹһλĴҹ㣬ӵ߳뷿Żɰ㣬šɷħ
ʹߴˣһ
޲TĹŻеɽų׹Ƕ۵߲⣬ʹߴˣСŮҪŪһ㣬ǴڣԼݣ־֮شĥǣ
û棬λ޲TĹ϶ԨʧѾõڡ
ٻӰݣ޲TĹü۴Ц·ոհʩԨʶСʵɽԨѹϮɱǳ֣ʹߴˣѵΪ̫ССո˵ˣ
һ׹Ǳɫͫҫâ
ûо޲TĹʵѳ֡
ֻǣ޲TĹĿ겢Լ˭ԼһԨ
ʹߴˣһСС̽飬ŭɣ޲TĹԨٳûгȣ·ⲻ׹ǣȥŭֻšɷħԨ˵ҳʹߴ½⡣
޲TһһˡɵȻڣԨ
ȷԨĻԴڴ˵еڣټϽڷͷһʱ߶ѹƲסδصľҲʣλ޲TĹŻ̽Ԩʵͷ
ڣȷԨйԺ󣬸Ӧ𾴵Եɡ
ڰ׹ǣ̤ʱڰй۲죬׼ǲڵѹô
һλλĹսÿζ׻ʤ
أ˾ԵģΪڵĿ־֮أĹԺһս
׹վһԣӨȼյɭ׻棬
׹ҵ
һ

׹붦СصԨڲվڶڡ
׹ֻһ£ͿԨе۽ϸ΢ѺۣмСѪΡ
ʱ֪޲TĹ˵Ԩ˴
ҲڣʱҲûϸ𡣡Ԩһͷһƣ˵ҽԨ޲Tˡ
⻰£Ԩϸ۲ǰ޲TĹжʱϤС
̬ݣ޲TĹò˼һ棬Զǵ͡
Ԩ˼룬ڵػļҲ˺޲TϺš
ǰнȷûݣʶ޲TĹ
СۼͻһӵӴϻ쳣֪꣬Ǹо޲TĹϤǾøʶˡ
ʶһ
ܿ죬ԨжΪǰ޲TĹйӴҲӦǰΪʱ
־֮صĻĹ飬ת֮һױ仯ɡ
ڴ˹Уı̬ģգΣǺѡ
ǰ޲TĹҪһλĴޣĶòεıãԱ
ϤǶԷûиãԴȻԭò
ʶģ˭
ԨȻȻأʼȥ˼ǰ޲TĹǰһλŮӣܹԵϺš
ڣҲûϸ𡭡
޲TĹЦȻһ䣬ȻСŮҲͲţ̫ˡ
ȥԴǰսߡ׹Ĺ
׹ǣӦø֮ǰսڡ޲TĹ˵⻰ʱһϧܴ㿴˺ܶ飬ҲıһӣɱλĹơ
ҡҡͷϧƣǴѵʱ

߲ɫޱ貵ɽףͻˮ
ͨˮ׹ǶУһööףڰ׹ǵĻըð׹ػɫͫ״θ־֮ɫ㣬Ѿ
׹ĹһֻӨĹָ֣޲T˵ĻЩ͡
ԨҲһǿɬ
־֮·Դͷ۷ĹɽΡ⣬ɽ·һΪˮεϪγɡ
ɽײˮϪӵĴڣ˹ר
ɽˮΪ
˭Ҳû뵽λڷĹУλ޲TĹȻ֪أѾΪ¹
޲TĹ˿־֮صģ޲T



߰ʮ 
ͼƮȻһ˫տտ鶯쳣Զ
ͫԼֳһ߲ҫɽ
޲TĹ֮أ
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ɫڣüһšˣǱߡΣ
ԨͰ׹ǲս֪ģȻԨ
Ժ󣬲Ҫٳƺ޲TĹˡֿ죬ȻĵЦӼ޲T־֮صģλ
ʲô
׺Ȼһ
ޱ䣬ʱɫڲУһĨɫ磬޲Tضȥ
ԨСӣȻͰ׹һҲԹñˡŲæأ̧һָ
ͼΡɽ룬˲ϢŵɫͼѼ뿪İ磬Ӳ¡
ҴӦ㸸ףڿ־֮ػȫ
Ӱ£شЦʼˣĿʼˣĵζҵжûⷽأıǣ¹γɣȻиı仯
޲TĵûڴʱĽ
غ
ͼڲһ׺׵Ĺ춯صĺУų˷ܶ

޲TΪˣ
־֮һĵľ޴ɽǰȹ֪䣬Ȼһ
ɽǰһʯĹ
Ĺں⽻֯һӰȻֳˣ޲Tɽ£Ϫʡ
ߣеĺԨǱʯĹ֮ء
ȹʦڵѰλԨôɺȹţǲ
£Ҳ֪Ƣԣηȡ
֪ԨΪͺȵսֲʤ壬Ȥû
ڣλԨȻΪ޲TǱߵ춯ӱʯĹð
ֻٵǹĻܵõԴͷһˮϪӡȹӴΣһСɽƯڿУɫص˵λĵ˵ľƣȻǳҡ
ⲻǣǿʱ𣿡ԨĹڹЦ
˭˵أȹҲֿ졣

һ
ȻһɽƮɳϸ֫Ϊɺӡ˵޲TȻǰˣ
ʲô޲TĹΪˣ
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Ϊô죿
ЧĲ£ɺӡǻۣĵ׷ױˡ
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ˣ޲T˹Ҫذ
ˣ㼴СɺӡҲԺ͹Ⱑ˼
ˣ侲
ͷĹһټҪ޲Tأ׷Ȱ˵鷳
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仰һȣ޲TĹطȥ
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ͬΪߣĻǶ֡
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ڵ޲TѾִ۷Ĺȥ
Ѱ
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ɽˮΪ
߲ɫ貵ɽײϸ𣬰׹Ǳͫ֮ɫΡ
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˾ǣչֳеϪԺλ½޲TȻûͱˣû֣ɫȰ˵ܴҲ֪ԼĽ֮·֮䣬ѰĽף翴ˡ
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ֱ׹ѰչֳʵȰ׹ǹԹ뿪
ҡ
׹Ĺſڣ̹ͫâһ
ͬʱǾӨ׵ĺ֮ڡһȼճӿҵɭ׻棬־ۻ͸
׹ǣִԲ򡣡޲Tɫ΢䣬Ĺ֮ս̫ǣӦ֪еɽɽ׵ϪӣΪṩԴԴҵأɽˮ֮ǰ޲Tս𣿡
ֻ֪һߣһʤ㡣׹Ĺؼᶨһ㣬Ҫת뿪ҽ׹·ҲͶˡսңǺ¹ĹĵȽףҾͲΪһλ
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޲TЦĹ͹֮䣬һԽǵ׹֪Ҫƫִǿ
Ҳգҳȫ㡣
ŵĻ
տյĻɳԺ̼ܻһСأڲڶӿţ׹һû
ĹȪĹĹаۣ
վڶڵԨʧУһĲ˼顣
տҲĻû׹ʱӿץŰ׹ǵĸ첲İҷȣӺ
ЩУȻԨĹȪĹкĹһصİĹ
ĹǰĹ
˵ǣӻֳİĹֹһ
һĹ֣
ĹϸȥͬľȻҲֹһ
ĹȥĻĹǻھȻֳĸ
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ۣս޲TΣν԰ܣȴºʵԡ
һͷԨԺӹһ£ͻȻѵÿһ޲TսĹÿһΣͱ޲TӡһӰߣ֪䣬ʧһ޲T뻨
뻨ߣʤʼѹƣ
սܣ֪Ӱ룬֪ɥʧ˳Ϊϣ´ӿ־֮뿪ǰѰһ᣿
ԨоԼҵ࣡
ѹ֣λ׺޲TһĹս߲ܡ
ڻʤ֮󣬷βɱĬ߼ǰս
ߣ꣬ʮսǻٰܡ
ͨÿһսܵĶϣȡһֻӰΪãҵһߣӰ룬Ժ޻ʤĿܡ
Ӱڣĥ֪Էط֪Էǿ
֪֪ˣ˶ѸֶΪ
ڣ׹ǶȻХԨңɽ
СӣֻҪϹۣҿڵϣΪ㡣޲Tһ㣬һɽͱˣ



߰ʮ سŵ
׹ǱڻڶĹӿĻ飬ĥĻС

Ө׺֮ͷųɭ׻棬ȼŻӡ
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ðɡԨӦһ䡣
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ƺΨˣ̶ȵı
׹ǣҵĹػǲƣҲɱ㣬š
ŻССİ׹ǶѴӿڳ£׹Ƕѣһ꣬ΪҵսƷΪڶĹУһӰ
һĨɭӰӣʹССİ׹ǶУ뻨
޲TһۣײһĨӰص˵ͷ׹ǣ㲻ҪñҪûгΪҪûôһǣġ׹ʥͷŵЩ͹âһǳԲġ
£ȥο׹Ĺ˵źһ
޲Tҡҡͷ

ɷħ߲޺磬˲ϵĻԨʱ
ڵԨûüͷָССİ׹Ƕѣ˵ҪҸʲôۣ
ɲ˹ˡ޲TͻȻʵȡ
ԨȻ
ɲ˹ֻһĹѣӦ벻ڵķ۰ɣ޲TһЦԿŵָָ֣ԼҲϣȥʶ⣬൱ĽڣҪѡһˣ޲Tʺϡ
ӧ
Ԩ˴˼
֤Լʵ޲Tɣ⣬˵ȻڵĻطȻиˣʦţڿܾڵĸˣۣͨҡ
ԨǣһЦݡ
֪޲Tˣáۼͻġֻܹۡõؿ޲TڻǾǵԴӶ׼ȷжϡ
ۡЩ죬޲TǾˣˡ
޲TϣܹΪڿ־֮صĴˣ



߰ʮ 
֮Ųȴص޲Ţţصض¡

µĴأȻų߲
ѤúˮصΪԲģܱѸӡ
Ԩɫ΢䡣
ڱ֡ۡ״̬£һ߲ʺ⣬Ȼ͸
ص棬߲ʺϪӣתֱ¡

öˮ޲T߲ɽײٴ
ˮһ𣬴͵ͣĳֵ򷨹棬ֱóͨ裬ת磬һ㲻Ť
ڤӵˮһζҩۺʱö޲T΢΢ͷɫؿŽ£ԻȥˮڤӣԴͷӣԴͷΪɽµģֻһͨĺ
ټһ־֮أܹӵһڤӵģҲλ
޲T΢΢һЦһָֻ֣£СӣǸнѾͷΪҪӣ
Ԩ֪֡
Ȼ޲TҡҡͷִƵġɺӡֻڤһʱƲһҺͰ׹ǽսڼ䣬ܼ˹ڤӡɰ׹һܣҾڳڤȥͨ
ͣ١
ּ󣬡ġɺӡڤӣȻһҽ˰׹ǣеľڤϣҲͨҶڤӣȥԸżҪߣΪٴȥߣҲδߵõˡ
һ꣬ڤʵ޲Tͣ¡
ٶ˵һ䣬ֻЩϣɫԨ
ʱԨзһĸ
оǰ޲TԼʵġۡȥĶ
޲Tɻﻰ˼Ķƺڶһڵ˵
֪ǰڵġ
޲Tԥ˰Σн˵ӳʱҵһʽ̽ԱɽӰѹȣᵽһ˿ϢҪû´ǰǺӣĻΪ壬۲źصĶ򡣡
һٴ
Ĵ޲TΪԨʩչġۡڵĳλ뢣ʩչ귨ںǺ΢۴˷ء
˵УڵǿߣֻҪﵽԪ񾳣񣬶ͨ
ǿͨ״ӣرŵĴ󣬸źأܽԼ־
޲TΪԨĳڴеĸ֮
ΪĹ˼ɣ׹Ժ󣬱ɱԨǣȴӲǲҡ
⡭
ԨһĹ죬˵ŪˣȻһ뵽޲TĿ£뵽޲TԼܲ⣬ûʹɱ֣Ԩ治ҽ
ˣҲͱ޲TĨɱˡ
Ҫܵõڵ޲Tɥݿɬ̾һȻлһס
գӿڳ£һƬѤõĻƾճ֡
̧ͷһԨͿ޷Ŵӵ߲չһĻͷ
ĻҲκ֪Ϊ־֮һܸ֪˴ϸ΢ҵĻ޲Túˣſڣ죬һڿ־֮صСռ䣬Ҳ޴ϸˡ
ԨĬţͷʾס
ǵ䣬Ѿ֪Ϣ֪СӣõϹֵİڳҴڣȻܽϹ֣ӦҲܽҡҺϹ֣ʵоɣҲڣħ񡣡
޲TʹͷԨʱ沿ϸ΢
ǵ̬ݣ̬ΣֻҪϺķѶĵı䣬ȫһˣɡ
ֻ걾ԴԱŤģبŲ䡣
û̫ã޲Ţͷһס
µ޲Tò֮ǰģҪ΢һ㣬βģֻüĴһöӡǡʺ״
ӡƴ̥ģѨ޲TȻɵĵֻ۾
⣬޲Tݣ
޲TſڣҪԨ˵ΪԨǿߣ氲ԨԴڣħϿɵԵɡ
ޫhԨͻȻȡ
ſڣ˵޲TӰ͵һѿڶĻ͵ͣס
ŵأǰԨԺصģޫh֡
ˣ
Ҫһ˰ɣ
־֮أת֮𣬾Ҳûˣκιǰ˵֡
ʵ̫̫ˣõԼѾΪǿ־֮ص޲Tˡ
ȻһزʶСӣԼʵģԻһڵԭ֣ܲ
ǰǰ
޲TͰ͵ģǾţﶼ˵ˡ
ȻΪȻԨλھ뢣ϳͷ֪ݱ
Լжϣ
𾪵ûע⵽Ԩɷħڣͬξǻңһ㣬ɫжǷ˼
ޫhֺԨҲû˵һ䣬˼̼䣬ٶǰ
ٶǰһСѾͷ׶̰Ź̷Լ
СѾͷ׶֮Ŧ
üģһӡǵѾͷƬӣ˵ʱ׶̽״ӣ
ھжҩʱСѾͷṩʽĶ棬ҩ綾ģҩҩ
ҩҩʱҲӲܻѾͷĬ͵ѧڣǺʮСѾͷɻ󲻽⴦Ľ⡣
Ϊһ㣬ҩū캣ＫΪСѾͷηͻ
ÿγͻƫ̻СѾͷȥҩū캡
ǸСѾͷûʦͽ֮ȴʦͽ֮ʵ
ǸСѾͷڵ޲Tޫh
ͨ氲л˵תԺ󣬷ޫhϵһЩ¡
ޫhΪһӣҩ֪֮תʧޫhع׶̺˳Ƴ׶̵Ľ
ޫhΪ׶̽ڽ֮λ˼ʮֱ꣬ʦȡ֮
ޫhʧȥ֮λ󣬾ʹʧ٣û
û֪м䷢ʲôû֪ޫhǻ



߰ʮ ʦܣ
ǰ޲TȻ׶̵һνǰʦͽ֮ʵޫh
Ԩ죬֫嶼ЩӲǶðûӦ
ǰǰʶң
޲TƽţҡĻǣ˼أԨȥ֤ѵ˵ǰʵںأûдǺӣн
ڻΪһλڵľ뢣Ԩڹ۲
Ԩһڽ
ޣʦ㡭
ԺԨɬؿڣһ˼վɷħڲ޲TûбˣûڵǰҾңֻԨ
޲TȻޫhͲװŪװи˰п졣
ƾޫhһĹϵ˵ޫh
ʦ㣿
޲Tɫ䣬һɱ⣬ݵĻӰǳһԨЦݣҿɼǵãǺʦܣζԴңųΪ׶̣νģ
㣬Ȼǳ׶̣
̸䣬޲Ţ֣һѤõ߲ϼ⣬Ѹۣûк׶йأһԱ֪
ԨȻ
˲ʶޫh׶̵Ľޡ
һޫhҪ֣ԥ룬æҵĴУҩ棡
ҩ񣡺飬ʦ
ޫhȻһĸһ߲ϼ⣬ʱʦʦ꣬תʧܺͻɢСӣʦȥôãôΪͽҩ֮
ͷȻҪЧ̫࣬Ͱˡ
ʦȻѲתǰ˺಼ܶáԨĳϿңҵҩ֮ڱ̷ɽȣǶ˼µĺ֡ͨʦһ伮֪ʦĹϵ
ʦ˵ˣȻ׶̣ǱŹ͵ѧյģʦϿ㡣
ǽΪԴ
ⷬǺ˵˵
Ԩ֪ȷޫhΪͽԴ
֪ӣ֪תܷɹ׶УޫhΪ״ӣϤĽ̵ҩ֮
Ե棿
ޫhȻǾӰٴξҡҷ飬ʦĵףޫhΪӣޫhεºܣõʦϿɰҵںʦԣǽҪҰдĦʦҩ֮
ôÿÿʦӵĽ̵Ҿ𣡡
ޫhõʦ
λ־֮½޲T˵ʱģȻһȻģ˶Ȼץйڡ
氲ǾңΪڵطΪͽܣԨͣҲ֪氲ʦĹϵж
ҵȻ֪ޫhͷ

еԨӽڣҩĵ¯桱ޫh˵¯ʦʶİɣ
棡ޫhȡ
ò¶Ԩһڵ֣˵̷ɽȣϹʱޫh˴䡣
¯桱һޫhûжɣԨл
Ԩҩĵӡ
ҩϿɣҲҩΪԴ
ңٵ׶֮̽λ󣬺ӳ೾ͻôһ־֮أ֮³
ʦ㣬ôΪ޹Ԩ
޲T֪ǰԨȻҩĵӣ;ԨһβΪ֪Ҳ渵
ٵ׶̽Ժﰵ׷ŵ¡
ӳ೾˵ģҩʧܣɢ˵ǣѹŵġ
ͨһЩ˿³Ȼӳ೾йء
ʵҲǽΪʦԴġ
ں棬׶̺ҩʱͻ£׶̵ļλϣлӳ೾ü¡
ڣӳ೾ͻھڵʱ䣬ҩĲ㣬ӻʮꡣ
Ϊڳ׼ŭӳ೾ӳ೾һﻮ󣬽˷
ӳ೾ķ쳣ļ˵ʦܣȡĽ֮λڼѹĶأĳһȫ汬
жҩΪҽ趾ھԺ󣬱ʵѱ綾ֺĿҪŲס
ûλʦܿӺʵҲھϣʲôչ
ʦܵݺ𣬱Ķأ׵رԶǧ־֮ء
֪Ѫ屻綾ֺǱȻˣֻת޹
ֵģᱻʦܷ֣ӳ೾ϳڿ־֮رòԳΪ޲T
ýľأһʱɣѹ̫඾ڣԾ綾ϵӶǿھ
ǣûãһٽ㱬ˡ
Ϊ׶̽һֱӳ೾ԣڼŭεҩоȥҲһ档
ʴһ־֮ءңҲǱͬʦֵݺôһ³
Ԩ˸졣
û뵽λǰİͽܣԼ˶ƴ
ǣԼڳİˣ
ʦܣںӳ೾ֻǾˮˮ໥ϲޫh͵ЦΪʱӳ೾ҪҩģҰжȡӣʱо綾
ⷬޫh˵൱⣬ûţľսڻҪߡ
Ȼϧӳ೾ϵ츳ǱҩǿȻ޵ھڡ
ʦܣûвҵĺ󳾣ȡ˽ѵ˳˳ؿ뵽ھ
λһҩһ׶̵νھޣұǳΪ˹ѳȥҲûޡ
ǣܳΪ˵еĹ񣡡
Ȼ
ʦ㣬ұûڣҲܴڡԨһɫ£ڿ־֮أᾡһ֮
ޫh侲һЦǰ׹Ƕѣ
Эģ½ضԨԥһ£˵ʦ㣬ܻȥ𣿡
û޲Tһͷ߲ʹĻУһɭ׻Ӱǰ׹Ƕڣʦܵϣ׹ǣҾ͵ʲôûз



߰ʮ ׹
ݣ
ޫh߲ɽɳһѤ⣬˲עµİ׹Ƕѡ
ѤڣڤӵϪˮڰ׹ǵӨ׹ǺȻһɣбϢ
׹ǵһؽعͷڲѵĹƣɲǺʵ
꣡
һͷ԰շȥǱ࿴֣սд
ǽں͹ǽڼ䣬߲ϼ⽦Ȼܿɭ׻棬Ȼȼ
һ߲ʹĻͷǹǵĻӰ֮ԭ

׹ǿյͫɫĹâų
ͫֳĴһԨֿ޲TãȻңҲǻˣ
֮һ߲ϼƣ޲T߲ץס첲һʱ͸оҲ˺ѿ
ġ׹ʥĪ⣬ĹĻǣǼоӿͷ­
ǣɢÿһعͷ
첲ѣ֫壬ͷ­Ťϣڱ޲T֫ʱĻǣҲǱһֿ
Ϊһʶϳһؽأû¾ӿǰĻǲȱġ
ļ䣬ֻڱ֫ǰ
ССİ׹ǶѣһӰ룬Ԩ޲TĶԻһŲ֪
˿̣پۣǰľ棬ȻЩɡ
УȻ޲TѻǶôΪ׳֣Լն߲ɽԨ⣿
ԨԼӦ÷׷
Ϊʲô
ΪʲôԨ޲Tల£ЦеؿԼ
Ļǣֻʱ뿪Ļ⣬ûôޫhָ̬վڰлİ׹ǣԨ˵볹Ĩɱͱ뽫һؽذ׹ǣ飬ΪǷۣ𡣡
׹ǸմĹⷬЩӲ
첲ȣȥӦİ׹ǣЩȻԵЩ
ԨЦɡ
Ⲣסޫhͣõķ̫һ㶼㡣ұĴ㣬ͨһˣһ͵ĻŰ׹ǵĻǷʱĻǸ
˭ԨЩ棬㻹а֣
̸ϣִֻȹһѾͷѾͷԵڱˡޫhԶһϽɽĶ֪
ܽ׹ǷѻģǼΪĻԨһԺУȻһĨӰȣӢ
ƺ󸣬ǰµ۹Ӣޫhڵ֪Ԩҩ״Ժ󣬾ͶûʲôˣһЩϢҲ˵ġҴԺ˵˲顣
ޫhͣһ¡
Ԩѽأж˵ɫ
ޫhؽЦ㺰ʦܡһɨע⵽׹еĹ죬æס
Ȼ󣬵һ£˵˵ģһ²˭
ҰɣԨȻ
㣡ޫh̲סЦˣ˵ǽЩ꣬ӽǾ飬бīصģһԣҿͰ׹ˣҾǴ󶦣Ͼ֪˭ˡ
ֻǣгĵطƩ⣬ϹִȣұΪ
ûڡ
Ԩ֪Ϊа׹һԣ˶û˵ҩ棬û˵֮Щܡ
޲Tһε׶̽ӳ೾ʦܣ䵽˵ز
Ǹ֪ڿ־֮ѳΪ˵ͻʩơ
ԹޫhλУ⣬ʵҲΪɵ˵ĺֶΣǱӵ
׹ǴˣҵԼҲȫ
Ԩɫ£ԻЩ㯵İ׹Ĺ˵սʧˣܸоɾ͹·ûжϡ
ޫh廰ڤʣ¶ݺ󣬰׹ǻҲηҷս˵׷ѰĹûκ⡣ս۽Σ·ͻڡ
һЦٴ˵Ҫսң׹Ǽ뿪Ҳѳɹ
׹µףչư׹ǳɾ͹Ĵ
ս׹ǲǶ֣ᱻɱ
Ӧսɰ׹ƮȻȥΣ
飬޿ܽİ׹ǣԺв
ޫhսս׹ǶǱľ棬һֱʤȯգԨͽСС⣬Ťתȵ롣
ûԤϵģԨҩĹϵҲϵ׹ܺûмһļƻûн׹ǽ󸡣
԰׹ǻټǰĲηս֮·ڡ
һΪһս׹Ǻ˵
Ϊϣһ֣޲Tޫhı飬Ȼϣǣܹΰ㣬սĹơȣкԨһ
ǹ㵽ʱɱ۸ңרӰ
һ仰е㿪Цζˡ
׹ǵ˵ͷĺ⣬֪ˡȺȺͺԨǿս㣬ԽҶ
ֿԨһۣ㣬һȥ𣿡
ԯеɽеţ׹Ĺôһ˼
һ£Ԩ˵ҳЩȥҪȴһ¡
á׹ǵҲɴ࣬ȫؽڣûκβǻڹǺתٶȣøΪѸʱأֿһ޲TԨ˵Ҫҵɽ߹ͻ֮·
£Դͷͳһλޫh΢Цϣһλ׹ǡ
һġ
仰׹ǵͷߡ
ޫhһץһƬĻѤģڣ߲ɫ죬򲻼ӰԨҴȥǸﻰ⣬Ů
Ԩɷħڣͷʦ㣬
ʱ׹ѻһɭ׳磬һƿնȥ
ޫhߣͣ£۸֪һЦôһ仰λƺܾ
ǣԨһ
׹뿪ʱǵעŷ׷ߡޫhΪһƬˣͬεĹȻܸӦעĿҼһƬ߲죬ǻǲģǻȺ򡣡
ƲڲҲ֪һ
ǣҴİ׹ǣָֻԭ״׹ǻȥЩһ»һҪһҪ⡣
֪ɻ󣬵ȥԨȥ󸡣
Ǹ°׹ǣԨ
ţ׹ġ׹ʥҪɭ׻棬̺žۻʥԺܶԣȱ¡꣬ɰ׹ȼĻ棬ǿĿǡ
ٶа취ĺ
ȻĻڵǿֳַ룬־֮ؾͱɨһˡ֮Ȼ£֮ܽһܽܵĵز
ɰ׹ϵȼɭ׻棬ҵĸоУԲ
ң׹ǻûнΪΪɭ׻һ֣ԨͺţҾð׹ǻʤ
飬غǧ٣Ժһ㣬Ҳó
ޫh˵ҲЩ£ҵĻǣûһޣû߲ɽܵʴΪҲԲ
Ԩһɭ׻˿ֲ𣿡
˵ǹǣΪޫhüͷǰ·ʱҲ֪һʲôͷɭ׻棬·ģǺڿ־֮



߰ʮһ ڶ
Ԩͷ
׹ĵ·̫˳ޫh˼أһ򣬡ȣкԨԳ֡
Ԩɫһ䣬ڰɣ
׹ǳġޫh֣ص˵
ʲô⣿ԨȻ
׹ǣڿ־֮أпܲںءޫhɫأ׹֮ȼյɭ׻棬ҴδǾ߹ǺҲһ˲̫ͬһصˡ
⻰Ѿ˵㹻ֱˡ
ͣ
ԨһһӾ˳ޫhⷬȥ룬ô½߳İ׹ǣпǵ걻һλħʰаɣ֪ƾʲôԵ½ѣ뵽Ŀ־֮ء
ҵĸ֪Уʵһƻߡޫhüͷٴ˵Ĵڣʵƻ־֮صĹ򣡴ȼĻ棬·Ҫȼ־֮һлаҪﾻ
İ׹ǣ˹֪ᷢʲô
˵ޫhЩǾ£һ۱Ϊ߲ɫɽе̵
֪ԨԼġʦܡޫhν֪޲޲
棬Ԩͨޫh֪־֮ش佫Ļ͹ص׷סϣԼõĹûڿ־֮صǶ
֮
˿־֮ϵĴڣܹͨԴͷܰӰĸ棬ִֻ
κ־֮صĹ񣬺Լһǿ׳
ȹħг
ǧٹһλ׶ɣǧٹȻ׽
ͰĸװģĪ֮Ѫ̡
ԨԺԴ½ĺеϵ˴δϹ
عصһλƺκûйڿ־֮أ΢СĻ飬һɱףջع
λйء
ޫh½ΪԺʵҲڿǣҪҪ£һѰ֮·ͻơ
ע⵽ԨĻԺ󣬾ⷽС˼
ϧ汻Ԩ׿֤ʵڵķԸ־֮أѡһλڵĴˡ
ޫhЩźҲûرɥ
Ƭ̺ͽԨ쵽ϽڣһģҪ΢һصɽλŮɽͷ˲ãһ鲻̫׾졣ޫhһ
ϵĻһҡΣɫɽһʯȻ߲ʹ⻪
һһӰĶڣתѤϼ⣬Ȼֳ
ʵҺûǰϤԨɫΡ
˵Ӣɷɡޫh΢΢һЦ˵ҺͶԵ԰˾죬Ⲽ½磬Ϊ״̬ʵرá
̯֣ޫh˵ңԴȴΪ
Ԩһ£鷳ˣ
ӢаĻߡλۣںڣƵƵܷɶ߻ħǴҡƾʲô⣿ޫhһ˵ı飬񣬽־֮أ󺣣ʳ˲ٵ͵Ƚ׵Ļúõ̲һǡ
ϧӢֻӢָĻ
ޫhҡͷָָڣȥһ֪
ʦ㣬أԨ
ҾͲȥˡޫhڴɽ££һҪЩ飬ȥһѰɡѾͷ߶֣Ԩ֮ǰͺ棬ﻰ⣬˵ʱ򣬶࣬ΪλҪظ𡣡
죬Ԩգգ۾Сʦܣϵծٰ
Ĳ
Ԩͷۣ֪ٽȥλǰİӣҲţԦšɷħ΢̬Ժ󣬡ಡһɽѨ
һ·䡣
ܿ죬ɷħ׹һʯһ۾Ϳ󸡣
߰ɭ񣬴һתŵڣǴڲٸ˻Х
Х̶ŶޣԹɱ¾֮
ٻ飬Сȣ̬죬Ŵзš
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Աߣһͷͷ£ȥڶɷħ
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Ԩ۾־һ֡ӢӷһЩ
ܸۡؿԡӢ˻壬΢Сơ
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ԨһҲ΢ǧٱ󣬵ִﶦڿռ䣬󸱻ͷŵģһ֡
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˷ܵԨԺǸ֪һϽڴɱҲѰĹһǵõʲôϢа׹Ǻ޲T
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ݣ
һӰȻ֣˵ûͬȾ磬ܼʼǿ



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׹ڵڣӯĻԨУҫսĹâԺ˿Ĺûһս֮Ҿڰ׹أΪɷħ

־֮
յأվΡɽ鲻˵׹Ǽһ˳һ㲻ʮ塣
ɫ׵İ磬ɽ£ա
׹ǣڿ־֮أ뿪ġͫ΢䣬Ұҵ£ѹϣѿ־֮ءشʵ뿪־֮غֻȰ۸ǿ
ܼɵ׹ǣȻ
ֹңеĹܹ׹ǵ̫š̹ȻдĹѷ׷׿׹ء׹ǣܶԸһ֣ܵɱһͷĹɺüĹδؾܿס
οδ
̬ð׹ǻ㣬ٴλյʤ
ŶǵǸԨҲٴȥ˰׹ءŶͷһΣ߶Ҳ׹ǵϽЩĹļһҶԸ㡣ֻҪȥ޲TС
˵ⷬӿĻȻӳ
飬Թͨطͱǿ﹵ͨ

ĹأͰ׹ǵĽԶ
ԦšɷħԨһ·ϣһʺΪɷĻһŹһһڡ
ڼ䣬ͶƵƵ
һ붦СغԨȻ󸣬Ӣû˲ٹԣٴϴһˡ
ע۲죬֪ӣûʮعĻ飬ͿҪٽ㡣
֣λŮǣơ
Ҫ˶ãܷɵס
ʱ򣬸Ҫȵڣ¶СأɶʩΪЩ˵аˡ
ˣƺЩų⡣
ܳһӣż󸲻˵
ÿÿģ̬Ķ꣬;ûǱ䡣
ܵأ붦Сأټλ̬ûȫֵСѾͷ
ҪȵŲסԨɫ죬һĹʵǿҿɲΪҪʩȣ;ͣ
һ䣬ұû㣡
ĵ¿ηΣԨҡҡͷٴ㣬Ҫ鷳Ҳȡ
ܣˡ
ĪԨߵ
֮ʱ;ɽһͷ
κĹϽģ˷ҲƫƧĵ򣬰ЩŹ֣Ԩò̫ԾǰкͶ깵ͨ
˲ؽţλǰڹϢļһͬһλĹǰ壬ǹȥ
СأߴҲµĶ꣬ŲæػӦ
ΪӦҪ˳棬ûǰ֪
СѾͷ̬Ķ꣬ͷƳһۺһЦϢλøˡλûзŵģ֪λĹţǲΪɷħ
Ԩ΢𣺡㣬ˣ
˵Щʱԣ΢ȻСǧ򱶣뵽СأͷСŮ̬ԵûСģĶꡣ
ѽûŪã˱˰ӵ˵
ͶԴʱ̬Ȼͬ·ˡ



߰ʮ 
ֲµСŮСŮһ㣬ɢ֮ϡ
£һϯλڣ纮ڶɷħ飬һǧ֮ࡣ
ƲݵСŮ¶һذֱۣͷ˵Ĺ
ԨУƺҲֻ۰
ʣµ㣬û
˴
СŮڽ֮ϣΣһ̬˰һӰҲˣؾۼлꡣʽ̤˸վ֮·Ϊٴ
ڴˣȻλСŮ̬Ķ꣬ɫ
ʱչֳ飬ִƴ˷а棬ײڴˡ
Ԩǰ˳ɵأСұڼŮ
ʡ

붦СصԨҪͷƼ̫ԵĻӰԭ㣬Ӧֵİɣ
ǰǰڡСŮһЦңǰȫһġڵңңǰĲˡˣֻ֣һССҪ󡣡
Ԩǰǰڣڵңҡ
ֺγǣ
ǰ˺棬Ԩȫһ
Ӧýǣҩڵҩ棿ǵһݣϿɽԼ
ڵңԨҸԴԨһȥ
Ļඥһ㣬ֱ飬ʱ⿪һ㣬õã
΢ԨȻһֿ죬ȻЦ˵ûڵ㣬֮㣬㣡ã˵˵ʲôҪ󣿡
Ҫǰ㣬и˵ա
ûʵԨȴܸоҪʱЦţĵĻϲڴ
գݡ
ԨüģüǴ˶Ķ꣬ңôͽɣ
л˴Һϲء
Сأ˷ĻЦ
˷ռ䣬ںȻ䣬һֻȻζ
ˣȥ֡Цţļһ̲ס¶ˣҲʲôĽɫ
ŶԨͷ
һ˲䵽˶⣬ȻĿһͼ˲ǰλվڲܼ󱳺󣬻ǽϢĺߡ
ɫɽǰݣɫĺߣƤЦⲻЦ˵ּˡ
࣬Ưһ˵ɫ졣
죬һͷ纮ԣŰ俴ɷħ
һûзŵĹǺԨ¡ѡ
зŵĹϣǰУȥġ
ĹԼϽأϹ˳ԸԾӣᾡֶܱԡ
һ֣֪Ϊȫ棬ѡͶϹ
ǰλһĹôһλûţɺԽ׶ɵĹ
죬ǺԨġ
˺ĺ㣬ξΪ־֮أԨȥ׹֮ҡ
ģλڵˣ͵͹ЦԨҶ̫Ϥˡڣ֡
ǱҰԨȻһЦף֮ԲȻйأֻһ䣬һλԨ£ȻңڵĲܼ֪飿
֪飬ֻǾãҡĺ
֪ôһС˵ͷԨú˷ѿ࣬ʾ뿪ɷħ·
Ԩĺָ񾳶û룬·ں˵Ц𣿡
һ̣ĺȻ֣󸿴翴һ
ĺ

ڶɷħ̴Ӷ
λǿɷħ֮ǧܼɷħӿŵ񳱣ĺ㼸ľˣһɹɱ塢ɱ־ĸʱûĺ㡣
ݣ
ǸڣһͷԽ׶ɵĹһβϽ롣
ֻϧӵ̫ˡ
ͷԣں¶һܳĺԨļζٿһۺ̬˲ŵĻɢ
˺ԣҲӾĺԨԨݷһħ
һ֣һ޵ϢصͣһӶϺˡ
ڸ棬ѹ֪һᶼûֻøϽӡ
ƫҪֹһ䡣
Ƭ̺
ڵĺ˵һͷԣͱ׷ϣ˺вͣΪһ뵽
Ļʱ𣺡ͷԣϢͺһ£ֻܱɲһͷԸʶ䣬ûԺҲûƫִ޵Ļ顣ӹµΪĻ飬޷Ϊɷ
֪ġԨͷ
䣬ͷֺڵĺ㣬ѡţһλξǿߵѿǵڣ飬ɢ

Ϊص죬ƮţԨһץס
һ仰û˵꣬ͷһģݣһȻԨü
ԨԨɫ䡣
û̬ȻȻأѿڶ
ն
һ糺콣â͸նĿֲƣȥ˺ԨһҲ̳
һķѣ
СӣҺԨסˣ
Ԩıըѵڣ
ԨһɫΪ

ͬһʱ̣־֮ʯĹڣԨܻعХš
Զİգ칬ӡΡ빬ڣܼüͷһ壬Ԩʲô
ʯĹĺԨ˳ƺԵЩȴû
ΪԷǲܼһڵö칬ӡˡ
ңԷΪЭˡ
ڵλ˵ҵһ£ȥѰԨùͷԨŭ
ˣܼһ㲻⣬Ƶ˵ĺĻξΪڿ־֮أҲȥԨ
ҡͷԼҪѰԹñˡ
ĺҪȥһĹԨǳʹͷһ޳ĹԸҵģûм
ĺˣûˣԽӰɡܼݲȣԨأ
Ԩһ㶣ǹĺ
˵ҿʲôûܼޱأ򹬵ڣɵͣǴͷβһԺ˵£ǿҪΪ֤
ȻȻ



߰ʮ ǿ׳
һң̻ͨġδ򽭣ң̻ǿߣڿ־֮غХš
ˣִڴˡ
Ԩ
һ񣬽ȻתŽɫ⣬ǻξɣס
Ӥӻ󣬷̵ǰ־֮һ̽
ңطѰңȻƮڿ־֮صġδ򽭣֪λ𣬾ȻԨµ֣еԽܡ
ȷԨ
϶ɬλ˵˺صͽŲͽţԨѵġ
⣬мλ̻ͣɫ졣
һˣֿ죬ɭɭعЦúӶ£Ԩûбһأʱûжۡ˵̻һֱʹ½ӦǿԨϵɣ
ˣȻԨûŵأĻħ
λа뢣ǴȺУʵΪǿλ
ΪħӦ־֮أҵ񾳣ڿ־֮һЩ־֮صǿߣвĽ顣
ξڵĽң棬Ὣħ۵ס
ڿ־֮أǰλǬ½ˣҲ伫𾴣ܶ鶼
ƿ˵ûͷ
Ҿ֪ˡħٺٹЦԽңмλһ̻ˣҿأӤӺǾȡԹԨֶλ˵ﻰܲԨ;Ҫ
ǣһ֮أ
밵޵ͫǸСأԨ
ۼ֤һЩ飬ЩÿÿһԨĻη壬֮ǰûŵټʱԨ̬ȣ̻߲㣬ɻѽ⡣
ִ£ôȡ
ԥ˰Σ˵ҾãƿĽܺáڿ־֮أûҪԨȥ
һṳ̂С˿£˲ĵʵ
򽭺ͻħ׷׵ͷ

ɷħշţŮ󸣬ɫ粻أϵزš
ڶڱĪ⣬ʱʱΣʱ˺ѿһشؾۡ
šӢķɡ
УΣҶҪԼ취ɵ鷳
һҧ֣һĬš
Ӣķ⣬òҪδԨⱲӶҪԨҲ̧ͷ
һ뵽ᶨȻа취
Сء
ԨܣǶڵڰ˲ݣ߸ŵĺ
ûͷĹĺԣݵĺȻΪ˵һλڰ˲ݵɷħ
ԵĻʵȺƵҺͺϡ
סԣʱȽȻӦ˵ڶɷħֱһ졣
˿̵ĺΡڵڰ˲ݣ£ɷħڼȡ
ĵڶɷħһѪӰӣҲ޿κεأȵأʧȥžĻ
棬һݵɷħ⡣
ַʽ·ڶɷħĹͷԣصı̶ȵ
ڰ˽ݵĺһϵıа񣬴͸ļϢԨǷ
ʱڲսҪʱȹ
û¶Ӱ˼Ⱥͷԣһɱ䡣ȵڰ˲һ¶棬ʵһλ־֮صĹңǻ÷ŵ֣
ܺãԨ
סͷԣȫΪھĺԨܾãͨһĺȽ׳ԡ
һֵȼͷˡ
ϣܺƽԼˣټϡѡ󷨼ӳ֣Ҳˡ
֮ǰԵĲͷܱƵĺԣһĹ޿ܻʤ
ڣܻͷԣȫ߱Ĺս
ҲˣΪ
˵仰ʱڵ߽ݵĵڶɷħȻҫ˵ѪâǰʲôѲҪӼ˸ȡһȫµְɡڵ߲ˣԣʸӵˡ
߽ݣλɺѪӰĵڶɷħŴԣһ䡣
һɺ£
ԨȻԺеһ˲両һ֣ӽ𣬾ͽѪ£ƺҪģǾɡ
Ѫ£ǲ֣߲ɷħеˡ֪ǱںδһʱϿˡѪ¡֣ˣԺأֻеڰ˲ɷħʸرһ䡣
ΪΣԨ
ˣиɷħγɣڵ壬ߡͣ˷ȡԺӵڰ˲㿪ʼ
Ԩ˳Ѫ¿ֵտյûһλɷħѪԭȵλá
£ݴɷħ
һͷܣһͷǣһֻڷԻ̬
ܣǰĹأλ붦СأԼֱʹ˵㡣
Ļ飬һʸֱ㡣
ĻǺͺڷԨһ£ûʲôӡ
ѸٴѶλǴײ㣬һֽġΪɷ飬ٻɷħپս׳󣬲ŵ˵㣬˲
ԨŶһ¿Ĳ㣬һۿмʮɷħ
㣬ƺ߰ɷħ
ڶ㣬ǧܼɷħװʱܳ
Ϊɷ顱ĵһ㣬һĻ飬ڱš
һɷħ֪ԽʵԽǿڶɷħԨȻһֱǿ׳ĸо
ˣŮ˳Ųסˡ



߰ʮ 

һԨڶһƼλޡӢĵ۹Ů᧿Σ
Ļ񣬷š
ÿһŲбɱԹ޵һ㣬͸Ժ
ϸԨλӿһشغɫɫҺɫš
һ˵档
ӢļɢаɣأӿĻǱԴ
̫ˡ
ԨԺ֪ܽӢķɣԲŸԵأȡһʺϵĻ֡ʵӦãˣ֪ԭͻȻı⡣
ڶڣ緢ϸ΢仯ָơ
ˣԺаɱĻ۹ʱᾫʧ۵ĩڣʱħǵ״̬ҲѲˡ
룬Ԩ
Ҫܣ
ӰȻһҡεӣʧأɴۣɭڳһ߸ϣʩҵ̬뵱꣬½ʱԨʲôǣ
ԨȻڱأó붦Сء
ˣǲ⣿ɫʵأͨ쵺ɽڣԴ˴ϴаɣǿҿҲҪң㣬ңأ
ǰã䣬ΪΪ˺أ
㲻ҲҽһõȥˣԨʲôʸԴңüһĨԹâ
ңǷ㣡½ʼһֱ߿㣡ٳû߳½ʱҲڰտݼңûңûݼͱңͷȥˣ
Ҫ˵ǷҲԨǷң
Ϊڳˣˣʵǿˣܰڳּƣ

ĵ۹Ůԯµ۹仨˿а͸ĵһЩŭ˽ܵĻһԶ籡ָԨһָ
ԨһĪ
ˣֲ֪ôŮˣɡĮζ㣬һδξ֪ҲͰˣȻָ𣬾Ȼ˵˵Ĳǡ
ˣʺΪɷħͷҾק
ʱƳӢ󸣬һ˼ƫִԼΪɷħ
ңȽ׻̫͡
ǰ󸽫Ҫ뿪ʱչ¶һɱʵƳ˴ŮǱʣĽɷħչ
󸣬ҲᵽΣŴܡ
ϣүԲģ黨ǲݰ
ɫ׵İ磬Ȼֻ׺Цӯӯطӹʮͣ£һ˫ĿѣԵ۾Ƴһ񣬡һûүֶһŮ˰
ˬԨü
ϴΣͰ粻ɢΪڿ־֮أӦò̫ܼˡ
Ҳû̫ãѪ̵ŮȻðڳһƺʲôûзļƣԨЩΡ
ʲô
ȻȻأԨԺ飬ֳͷ
ļβ԰磬̫໳ɣҲһͱˡ
·̬ϣƲ쳣ǻ̬˫ɶ˵죬ǳЦֻԶԶɷħүһк
ˣкˣڡԨڰ֣ʾϽߡ
ȻͷȻ˵үô𣿡
ᣬֻǲ鷳Ԩýͣһæøȥǰε
ҾͰǰεߡ
㡣Ԩһν
ͳħλͬħλǰ֪Լ㺡绰һתָ񣬡һ㣬ԼĵСҴһ֣ȴô
˵ʲôԨŭ
ǲǺ˵һԱ֪ү㲻лң̷ѾȻ룬Ϊá
һ䣬˫Ѫһ
һӡǣѪɫͫ͵ظֳ
ӡһܱ߰ﶼһѪɫΣһŤһ۸־Ԩϡ
λ۹Ůλһذɫ·а˲䱻ȼȻŴ
ԨͻȻͷ֣񣬻嶼Űɫ޹⡣
ûеλӸ䣬ֶκŮһˣԺƿţ˲ü
Сģѡ
üĵѪɫӡǣ·һ˲䣬ĴڣԾȣȻôʱ䣬ö壬ҵʶ
ңңָɷħͼѪɫһѪĤڶڡ
ͣ
ħ⣬һѪɫΣͻȻ֯һԷӳ
֮⣬öڲ׵ǺɢıӡҲ绽
Сɱҵĺ¡Цţųٱȥ͸ҹһ㡣
ӡڣı㣬̺Ŀǡɷħǡ



߰ʮ Ǿ
ѪɫΣһѪȿռ䣬ɷħḲǡ
ӡգǱѵգʱܽǧ
ӡǰ貵ıӨǾǧٴεף̺ǵѡ
ջ̬δΣŸոոյһԺʹ˿̵İ磬Ǳӡ⡣
ֽ֪״̬ݷţǰĶ֡
ɷħУǿģʮݵɷħûһ
պ쳹ǺӵıӡڶħĿǡ
Ӷڵɷħûﵽ㹻ǿȣһӡҲ֮֡
ǣھŲ㣬ʮħϯλɷħפ
ߣѾӿͽɷħŲ֣С
˿̣ȻԶԶ
һΣʶӲԺǵر侲
Ͷ
۾Ц£СǽѣӦܸ֪ҶҼҵүûʲô⡣ǺǣүʱָôءѽϹĶѣүԼĻǣȥŮء
λѪ̵Ůλ쳣ϻ۵İ׺ɻؿ
ˣȻֵ顣׺пҡҡͷ

УԨȱžֹ
һ΢ĻĹ⣬͸üѨϣֱʶСء
ʶУԨλһ꣬ᵽĻζȻ뿪
ػ꣬ꡣ
꣬ЩȻҲ̵أ
΢ڣ߱Ԩڡ͡ۼͻϴӵػꡢԺһĶãʱ̸ϸ΢ı仯
˿̣룬һһңֱƯŵػꡣ
Уޡĵػ꣬һ֪ĻǴڣɱʱת
ĵػ꣬Ǽ仯ؼ䣬Ϊֲаǣ
䣬һ½أصعζ
ͬһʱ䣬ޡۼͻ꣬·ҫǻ۵ĹâһϵķӣҪն
ػƫаƽž޲ûκ
졣
ԨʱֵȻһΪԼ꣬͵ػ꣬ƺԼĵƶĸо
ԽأԽɵص
棬һ漫һ漫ƣ·˵档

ü󸣬Ϣ΢䣬ԨʶСأһ֣ͱܵظӦԨޡĵػ꣬ɢݳģεŨɱ
ܷɣԺӦšİأһȼյλ۹ŮûǣǸе˿־塣
־ǣԨػɢݳϢ
Ϣûǵ׹ߣ·һͻ
ȻؾԨǴƵһ棬ǻ۵꣬޵
ݣ
񣬺Ԩꡣ
Ȼ󣬾ǻǽڣԨصڻһ㣬񣬾ȻԨһ
񣬳ӿ⣬ѹǧĻɽ͵ر˳
ͺޣŮ֮ĸУ˲ӿԨ
ʴУԨ꣬ڵÿһʶ
йһ̣ʮٱķŴ

Ԩıסһز
ʶУɱޡĵػ꣬һ̣Ȼ
ػƺʶλŮӵĻ飬ٹв
꣬ɽ̶ˮب޲
ֻԨۼͻӦǻۣ쳣֪꣬΢񣬽һ
񣬺صڻ㣬ĻԨʶ֫ơ
ԽأԨĬĬתۼͻɢʶضĹ켣
ζŴʮԨӵ󸣬ĻĵС
ã˿̺λ۹Ůڳصš
ÿһʶ̸Ӧӭϣ̰󣬶β̽졣

ȻȻأһǽůˮء
ԺڣһĻĻ컻棬ظ֣֮ȥ
ÿһĻ棬Ȼ󸣬ҶλŮš
󸱾ûִֻһ񣬱ȼаȻʶСأܿصꡣ
ǵĽڣĻԨûġ
ʱ򣬺Ȼôһ뷨ӣ׻ˣ
ಣಣ
ĻţӢӦšۼͻҲ
һĻʵĳͣӵ£Ȼ󣬽аɣڴˡ
֮ųսĳһ̷
Ȼ֪Ӣı׶ˣ֪ʩչһӣҪ뷽跨أЩɣⷴɵĵ
а񷨾Ȼݣ׶˵Ȼûô׽
ÿΣȲ۹û޳ЩаͲ֪ܷɡ
ˣ֪ΪԭʩչӢʱתӵ´ʱһЩΪһȫµ磡
ˮǹӢŴ͵㣬۸ĳȫµת·
µĻתһɣͼӿģһششŸฺа۹ܣƱҶţ㣬һ˿˿һƵطֽ⡣
ͷԴ޵Ļ
۹ľӿǵܷɵףǡӢȱݵǲ֣ɵĽ

ޡԨػ꣬һ࣬һ
оӿʹۻɣ·𶼱ǿʯȻƮԨĵػꡣ
ػſڣڶ˲ʧС



߰ʮһ ۹˫
һӲӵ̨ת޹⻪շš
̨룬ԯεд
ǱһѪţ׷ѰѪ⣬ƫԭ·ߣһʺֵط
Ѫ⣬֮ΪѪʱóԨ
֣Ѫ⣬Ԩûйأ
Ԩ˱ִѪСأһĪļ̨ŻỳѪ⡣
ģԨʱǲǷʲô⡣
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ԯһ㣬ԭȻЩԯҫУħԯҲˮǴߣһ·ڷɡ
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⶯ʱϸϸֻûļ⣬ڼɵ״̬ţƤڻ
Ԫ̩֮ãëϸЧʣ
Ȼһսͷÿ鼡⣬˲Ӳ
Ÿ߸¡ļ飬Ѫʵӿ
ޣӲߣ׷Ѱľ硣
ԡɷħһδδǣǸӲ͸Ƿȱ
ɾ֮Ѫ⣬֫ͷ˴ͻơ
ʣʱ򶼶һЩᡣ
վһԯӣã䲻ðһ䣬Щ˼ĻƺÿһЩ
ǰ沿ڸӲ˵ʱһǸĸо
һЩ֮ԯУòһЩﳯøɣҲӢ
ԨϽСֵ˵ܰɣ
ԯֳ֮ɫףǱ信ˡ
ˣ˵û֮ʱ沿ƺЩ仯ֱ仯㿴ŸΪ׿ʱðĺ˵УмѨϣ·ͻͻ
ԨͷǻϹѨϽ߸Ѩϣ߸Ѩϡ
ؼǵãոնáɷħڡ֮壬רעϴʱѪСأѪġ̳ڣֳȻѪ⣬ֱ߸ӽϹѨѨϡ
Ѫ⣬̺ŷܣעЩѨʱͬʱࡰ֮ȻһѨϡ
ͷ֮ϢһֳҸӲ˵
ܸо߸ѨϣʱʱأһʹСԨۣϸ򣬡֣ҵƿеʱĸокܶơ
⻰һȻˣҴţ³ôˣ
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Ԩ˵ͷ˽֪ĵֻΪѨϣ޷ѪͻǣûͿٵļֵȻȻˡ
ǰʱΪ̤֮·йѨϡ
Թϰߣ뿴ܲܣܿѨϣѨϡ
ʲôûɡ
ǸʱѨ߰ٶ࣬鲼֫ٺɢÿһѪ˴֮䣬ƺصϵ
ѪͻǣԱɷħפߺ
⣿ԨȻ
ɷħѨϿ٣ͬСأһħϯλɷħڽܹЩѨڣӶսǵģ뿴ٸΪõѨڣһͷͷǿɷħ
㣬ܶЩɷħȥսȥˣʲôһʢ
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ɷħѨϣ⶯ɷħȥսԨһʱˣɷħַʽȥսǧͷɷħפѨϣ˲ǲ֪٣
⣬ɷħľ裬Ҳɷħڵǿ֮Ц
ߣѰңں֮ɽ
Ͷ갵йͨһ֪ԼѪǣͨɡ֮ڷʲô仯ԺԨҲ
ģԡ֮Ŀǿҵ˼£

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ͬڶ̾ᣬͬڲʳɽ壬ͬûκһͷвɷħ
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Ԩһ£ɷħȻ쭣;ʱǧɷħХ
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ȷ֮ɽͷŻᱻ̾ţ
ԨЦɽͷеġ֮ҾЦˣ
ʱԸһصɽźҲһ飬һصʯм۳
󣬾ͼɷħӻҽڷɳеԨȣţһɽ
һ̣һ״̬˳ԡ
ûᣬѸǰ׹ĹأȥȰ׹ĹλнĹڶͬ׷ĹΧо¡
ڣֻһͷһɽġ֮
е㣬̫Ծ
ԯһߣĬĬع۲񣬿˫ǣˣԡ

ģȥԼȥ֪ĴںۼȥŪʲô
ϧûиκλӦ
ԯ齥ЩأԨģΪԨףҪ߻ħҪʧɱ¾Уɥʧѵǡ
ֽĿ־֮أʱ̱ѣǺΣյ¡
֮СɽͷٴαԨɷħԨͷ֮ûԺɽ屬ը
ʱԯܸоԨѪڣ쳣ԵĿꡢ
ǰպ
һʵɽӿţȻֳ
ɱɱȥɱ
˫죬̬տԨָɫɽ̫ѨͻͻţСС
ĺܼ٣һԯζ
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ÿһӣ֮ͷ­ģڲ̾һӰ
ʮ˿̴ľ飬ںʮ˸ӰϢһ£ͬһλĹ
־֮أĵĺĹսڰ׹ǡ



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䵶ʶ㣬ɽڲȡš֮
ǵġ֮뵽䵶ͷǶʮ˿ź̴ľԲڣĹĻǣȻá
ʮ˸ǣʱ򣬱Ϊ
Ůףֲ̬ͬÿһǶ䡣
ԯԶԶţֻԼĻ־ʧЩ̴ľӣͷţҪѲ

һȦ޺磬µ̨ȼҪʧǣŶȻع飡
ɫޱϽס񣬲Ҷ࿴ЩӣУҲȥǰЩ档
ͷԨһ
ȴ֣ԴԨͫɳ֮ɫҪĹ㴦־״̬
ɷħ
ĹĹЦԲڵĻ
̴ľԲ飬˺ĹǣǱ䵶С
ǧܼĻɢɽԱߣѹѹأҺɫơ
λڶĹУǰеĺĹȻʶԨСӣܽȻ֪׹Ǳ֪ʲô㻹ҹ
Ƴɴ̴ľ飬ƵأɷħƮ
Ǿ䵶ڼȡţɽڵġ֮

ԯ壬ĹĽӽȻһӴѹ
һĹ⣬ɷħγɵħܹܽ˵ĹʱĻȻ͸
ȻΪ׹˵λĵĺĹһλ½ǿ޲TȰ۳ʱݣƺͻȻðȻڶ̶ʮʱ䣬ͽΪĹ
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˱ʵǿλĹǵӣǱ䵶֪Ӻζ
ǿĹͰ׹һҲΪ¹ǿߡ
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ģĹ
ԨУһ˻Ƶĳȣһ˫类ѪͿĨɹİɫѪζ
Ժһɱ¾ܿƣȼա
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ԨȻһԺͻһ⻮
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ʱԨеĽʣ֪в

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֣ǶȤҿԸһġĹЦ˵
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ԳħڰĹ΢
ħǱߣҾǡҢȻ
Ҿͷˡ



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ϻնȫܲ˺Ĺ
Ң
ԯɫ΢𣬻̬򲻰ԨһЩԨҩ֮ӳ೾ͽܣξڵľ硣ôϵѵг𣿡
̫˽Ԩˣ֮ԨǰԵ죬ӶĳЩ²⡣
ԨλҢ޵ٶ꣬ûŲۣʵԭġԯ˵ԣΪҩʦ
󲿷־ʱ⣬ûҩ棬оԻҩӵλѶ겻ҩҩҩģϡߵȽ׵ĵ裬Ң
أмߵڣħھޣΪϿĳЩϻ
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ԯ壬Ȼһź̴ľԲ飬ʧ
ͬʱĹĶʮ˸ǣͬʱ뿪̴ľ飬ӿһһ͵Ĺ
һ̴ľ飬㣬ڻǾӿĺ
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ԨɷħħܹܣҰϪһ͡أ·ḯʴ
ħܹܣһ󶴡
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ĵ⣬һ̣ŴӵţֱǶڣֱԨüģ
ǰһϧǣĹЦţҡͷԵ˵ɷħòţҿͱ˻ȡϡġԨɱˣڣħǲǻҪлңΪҷϺ񣿡
о޾ζһ£ҪʬҢֵ
˵ʲôʲô



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쳣ţԨδʱһ
ĵͷųصĹ󣬵âԨüĶȥʱǾ󷽣һڰ羹Ȼ֡
ڰ磬·qqڲ˻Х

һʮ˸ȻħӰԶʱ˵еĹħһһ𣬴Ǻڰڸ֡
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ħӰеĹֽУеĿеĿЦ
Բ֮ڣеĹ飬Ӧ΢΢
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磬âн֮䣬ܻ
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飬Ļ飬类ˣʹӶݡ
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СڵıӡǺպգħŷɥ
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һ߳һ߳Ԩơ
Ѫ̣硣
Ҳʱ򣬸ɽҪϢһµĳҢεٴЩֻһ䣬㰲֪Ԩ˺صͽ
ȷ֤ݡɫࡣ
ž
ںըĹıӡȻһ׹ͷ硣
磬׹⾧Сıӡȥ
֪Ңݵİ磬ԥһ£񣬡ǰҸ˵ţ˲ִ֣⿪ǰ
Ңͷ̫󣬼Ѫ̵ŮҲҪӦ𾴡
ϾҢܳΪҩʦﰡ



߰ʮһ 
谵ɫ£ɫףͷųޱ貵Ĺâ
б棬һشɫɫͼУƬƬǺҫ͸ѹ죬飬ħеֲĴ
̬İ磬̤һſ˶ͷ­ձӡһo
һڰ磬ֱһͷͷͺӦĹħţΪһڹ⡣
ڹ⣬³Ǳ͵ڵĴشػ顣
ûпĹһۣҲĹŭ£λѪ̣ѾŮݣԨһЩͷŮֻǺͳҢ
ǳҢ˺Ĺ
Ҳ㲻Ͽ
ͬĳҢĮȻҩڵͽֻǺҩڣһЩҩҲҵʵҲû̫ϵ
⻰һڼХĺĹͻȻĬˡ
ɢں̴ľԲĻǣûûż֣ƾñ
ΪҢΪҢķԸħڵԯȥɱԨ
ΪΣһҢҪƲԼĹϵ
䣬û˻ҩڹȥȻһЦ鶯ӣתǰԨоɣûбأĿǰδжۡţǰΪҩڵˣҲЩ°ɣ
Ң룬ͷѾͷգҾһӡ
仰£ֵ㸸ʺá
һݳϲɫ
׹ĹǱߣڱصáҢɫһࡣ
æˣɲΪ׹ĹΧ
Ǿͺá
ҢɫŻͲٶ˵ʲôĹû֪һɽĺͷԶȥ
һߣĹں̴ľԲеĻǣ¸һ
һ̴ľԲ飬о͵뷢
ƣ׷Ңȥ

ɷħȻ٣ֱһ̴ľԲеԨɫɭףһ˫ӣҲ޹⡣
ԯ£
һͷһͷɷħԨ˻Ӷڳ
һ̴ľԲԺеĺĹƸ֪һ£Ͼ֪ԨǰԽʣֵһâľȫ񶼿ݽˡ
ţֻҪٴζ֣ԨԳŲסһֹ
ڶڣһͷͷɷħȻύȥԸ
ǡ
ĹעתƵʱֵ
´˿̵Ԩȴ־徳ߣֱֳӡɫ׵İ硣
磬ش
ϾЯűӡİ磬ԭƻҪͱĹս׿
籾ǻξǷһĻξأӡǹǡ
ոգ֤Լ֤ˣܹöӡλĵķĹɱ
ඣǾ˼ҲмҵġͻȻ䣬ӻ֣ϲӬһ㣬ʾĹϽλħڵĽ㣬⴦ãййߣҲǼõġ
ԨɫҪٴξӿپͷƣ
һϸ飬֪ǰŽʣһâȻľȫ
ڵֻɷħЩɷħ
ĹͬҲڶӲ¿Եá
̾һԨߺȵ磬ԯų
ʹһԲ飬ʹ㳷ĺĹԨ仰ͻȻͣ͡
λĹŵıӡֶ
΢֮󣬽ȭͷСıӡںĹУ׳ء
ǰӡǺڰĿֲܣ𣬶δȥǰ磿
ǣƹԹͣסһҶ
үں˵𣿡΢ЦⰻȻбƳһɷħϣҼǵү˵Ļˡ˵ҲңҾͷͷء
Ԩһͷơ
ȻԨ֪Ѫ̵ħŮֶݣԳԴ
Լһش𲻶ԣ㲻ãпֲܣúĹԯߡ
ԱĺĹҪĨɱԯĻǣԨǻ׷Ī
Ǻ˵ϣ㣬ȻʲôӡԨ˵
𣿡أЦָһӣ˵أкǰɣ㵽ûУ
ʲôĹãȻ
㣬Ҳŵ׹֮󣿴ˣһԹԯԯ㣬Һųԯ㣬׽㣡Ҫи̣Ұһǣըɷɻң
¡
ӡȻ

ԯһ͵شһź̴ľԲɳĹ׺ȻŵһͷųԯĻǣʱҲԥͷߡ
һڣĻҴҸ˹ȥ
ԯ㣬û°ɣôĹȻ㣡СֵأɫףȻľСд˹еǣСһֹ֣
Ԩɫӵأ̬СħŮأһüġ
üģǰĵâڶЩʹ
ܵģڼվ£ԼԯȻȺ磬ܽΧ
Ϊ磬һ㣬һӳͺľˡԨ֪꣬־֮صķĹǲԼôҲû׺ɱĵز
һװɡ
մһڰأطԯ˰磬ԨкĶԻ֮󣬿ŰʴҲûɵķһΣҼˣԺȻлرʱ򡣡
ˣ̫ˣڰ³ǵʱǰչҼүҰһ£ӦõĲ𣿡Ц绨ȵغ˵Żͷûбаĥɣ
ԯε˵û¡
û¾ͺãû¾ͺãɵСˡؿ˵
Ԩ׹Ǳߣԯüͷ˵ҿͲҪٹȥ˰ɣҢڣ׹׶༪٣ȥҲ״
ͷѽѽ



߰ʮ ľУ
ԨüһȻĬ
Ͱ׹Լᾡ׹ǽΪ׹ǣӿĹɷħɷô󶦳ס
Ϊˣ˲սΣɻʤ
Ҳͨ׹ǣЩĹɷħ
ֱͰ׹˳ɾ͹޲TԲҰճ
޲Tľһ֮ǰĬʵǽˡ
׹ǱشǱԼأԵصװָȻѶֶߣڶɵ׹ǵĹ׷׳
û񣬼ȥȰ׹ǡ
ޫhҲ׹죬ΪݣǼֺͰ׹ͬһӪڿ־֮ؽٲά衣
ǡ
Ҳ֪ԭǸоͰ׹ǱȽ׽ð׹ֽĿ־֮أܳɾһͼҵ
ָоǵ֪޲Tǰİӣûı䡣
Ҳúܹ죬⣬Ƕ԰׹ǵȻ׽ȷʵʼմڡ
׹Ƕ㲻ġ΢Цһݵ˵ڰ׹أͻȻ֣֮ܶˡ
͡
һ׹ɽ׷֮Щɽ׹Ϊ۾ͨ
׹ɽġ֮ǷƵҫǣ
֪Ԩ֮˴˵ееĻﶼгǿڶĹӿ׹ɽҪư׹ǳԼ֮
׹ǣȻӦսˣȻڶͬĹΧ£ϼˡ
գ׹ɽͷ
ɽ֮仯ȻùЩĹĺ£Ȼƣ
ú󣬾ڵĲܼ󣬼Ԧһö칬ӡΡ빬ٰ׹Ĺء
λһεһλԨ£ڶĹ
ǣ׹ǲɽһʮɽͨΣͬһĴ
Ӱ׹ʮɽС֮
׹ڵɽʱ޷ƣֻҪʮ֣һһʮɽ飬׹ǲܴˡ
գ׹ڵҲƿ
һʮÿһС֮һһ飬ð׹ǲı鿪ԯɫùԨڲ֪䣬ΪŰߡ
ԨͷҾȻУǰѣͱ˰׹ǵĵӣ
ս׹أһС֮ڵɽͷɷħȥɱԼͨɷħš֮ڣһɽͷ
˵ÿһɽͷͰ׹ͨǰ׹ǵ۾
ǣ׹ǿԼһأݻĸ
׹ǣȱӵޫhشԼɽͷλͬ׵ķĹһ˴
԰׹ǵİȻɽͷǶôα
ʱΪ˵õ֮Ȼ˰ףЩһݻɽ˰׹ǡ
׹ǣ֪һУǺε飿
һˣԨ鷳굽˼㣬޲ھͼԦšɷħٶȣϵ׹ɽеķĹϮɱٺͰ׹ǽһ֮١
үڵ״̬ȥ粻أʵ࣬ڻֻ΢ѳֵɷħԶԶûָܻķ롣˼ɵģʩչĽǡ
ҡͷǣΪ㾳粻ʩչ˼£ͻľ

谵Ļ£һΡʵĹסպХ
޾ԣҫеĻﶼ𺳣׷ױá
һǹڳûƾ˵ػЦ
ܼ󣡡
˵֣ҲȻ𾴣ɫϾү֪ǼԲ֪жôĿ£ܼ󣬱µǿߣճܲԕFڻξĩʱûܸıʵ
ˣı־֮صľƣԨõҶûˡ
־֮أֱֳӡҪ
սñǿԨ֣ڲܼȷֺ̬֧ԨԺλԭȵУΪӦĺԨ˲ֿȵλ
ʱڣڶǱĹ飬׷ȥͶϺԨ
Щ飬ǺͺһĴڣǰԣΪĹû塣
ðΪԨпܳΪ־֮صˡ
־֮
Ԩ˿־֮ΨһˣôŨ£Ǿпϯλ
⣬ͻȻðԨԭ
ºԨȻˮǴߵǸˣڵĲܼ
ܼ󣡡
ǧףɷħڵԨѪСڲ̳ȻӦӿ
Ȼ
ڽ׹Ĺʱ͸ож̳𵴡
ĳѪĴڣڰ׹ǵأˡ̳ҲԨһֱ
һ̣ͻȻ֪ˡ
ͬʱĻҲԺ
ˣܼһɽͷڣ֮ڡҲѪ֮٣֮ࡣ
ڵƲʵѾʴˡ
Ӧ߳Ѫߴ˷ء
һ̾
ӦñĪ¡ԯп
Ī⣿粻мأ˳ǣ΢Ī̵ӣûӰвãĪнգôһӣĪĳɾͣҲޣħһħ֡
һ˵ܼûκˣȫԼһɱġڵĲܼ󣬱Ϊ֮һ֮Ī⣬ʲôȣ
ԨһǸľС
ү𣬱ΪˡһɬڣΪ˿ľ̫үҲ٣СĶ࣬񲻼ûʲôö˵ġ
Ԩ˵ͷ׹ǶҾһ

ԯͬʱɫ



߰ʮ ת
ֺ׳չθߴĲܼƾ
һ˫۾һƬƬǺӣ̲޾ء
ܼͨһöǬ䣬ݲͻΨһ˫۾ʡ
Ԩ
һö칬ӡöɵĹȻںХţڰ˴һ䣬ûϵѪ̵ǸСħŮڹؼʱִ̣ȡ
Ҳ⡣Ңü
λǰպͰҩͽһɽʩչͨطѰչȻ󱻲ܼʢ
Ϊӳ೾ĳ϶ҩʦһǿߵ񣬷׷֣
ҩڣԴ½ܶź
ӳ೾ͷԴ½ΪǼλԪ񾳵۷ڣÿÿӳ೾
ҢǱΪҩˣ˭úðͽᡣ
ܼ󣬶ԴʱоֹҲκʧĵط
ΪܼףӮóҢøУڣԺ󣬶Īô
ܼת΢΢һЦǰλĹ
ҩںͺĹĽ顣ҢһĿע£ͣҩڣֻĹһЩҩѡĹҩȦֲ
ҵȻ֪ҩƲϺܼͷҩȿϵĹӦǰ۶԰ɣ
ѪйأȺħǧٱס
ԨǺͺЩԨԴصأκӡ
ҩڣҪڿ־֮طֲֻܴĹѡ
еǰۣϧ۶ҩûȤһ־֮أȥ紫
ڿ־֮ѣҩڼеⶼƲϵ
ˣԲܼѯʣҢϣҲϣֻǱֳĬ
׹ɽͷڲصġ֮ȡһ롣ܼȻ
Ңһ£ͷֻɼɡ
һΪܼЦ
Ԩ
ͷһλڵߣ̽ѯʡ
Ңɫ䣬΢СƼԺӦȥӽ׹ɽ
ܼı飬ú棬ʱңıֻҪͻκˣܽôķˣڻţΪסֻҪȰ׹ǣһϣúûš
⻰һһԴ½ǿߣɫѰζ
Ԩõܼ˸߿

һޡ֮ɽڡ
Ԩ̤ɷħܲ͸ʯ߾ػǽšۼͻϴӡ
ģһ龧Ө͸񣬼ȡ֮󣬻ۡ
อڣһö裬ҫѪѪɢݿ߸ɺԵǣ쵼еš
ʶһӳľòٵؾޡ
ܣôеأҪȥȰ׹ǣ뱣֤ս
ɽ⡣
ԯȥȰ˵ϣǰ׹ɽͲܼŸɡ
ԯЦҡҡͷ˵˽ԨƢ
ҲΣһ䡰ȥƮȻȥ֪١
պ
һͷ̬ĹȻԯµĴأƯ
ͷĹˣСޱȣ±ע⵽
㣡
ԯһȻɫ˲ϳ̬Ĺǰ׹µĵɽôڴˣ׹ǵ״Σ
˱˵£ӵӣһɢˡ̬Ĺ̾Ϣηηػڶͬ飬Ӵ뿪ˣֻȼڰ
λɫǻۣð׹԰׹Ҳҳϡ
ԯ
Ԩݴ˵Ҫǰɽ̬Ĺ˵ʱԸмĿ⿴һ£ԨɽҾãұҪΪЩʲô̫ˣҪݴ˵
㣿ԯȻ
Ͱ磬Ԩ̸ʱûи֪쳣˻ξһرԨѳɷħȻûᵽͷĶ˵λ̬Ĺв֮
ֻǣ˹ĵȽףǹ鼶
ǻۣ˵΢Ϊսܰæ
Ĺģ鼶Ĳ¼ʮ࣬һϰ㣬ǰλ
οҩڵĳҢڵĲܼ󣬻иĹ
ǰľ濴Ȱ׹Ĺ׹ǳ˵Σ췽ҹ̷
Ҫݴ˵̬Ĺ֣µأٴطһ飬ϣȥһˣݴҵ󡣡
ԯΣָ
Ŷ

׹ĹϽصװס
£һɽͷײѿ϶ֱµԨԦɷħһʯ죬ʲô
׹ǴˣֻԸңҪǱȥҵ㣬ָʯ죬Ҫ㣬նǿʯͷ϶ܵѿ
ԨأǿӲӣʯͷŨû֮
ԨˣСֻǷ£ʲô֪
Ԩͷʲôԯϸʯϡƽֻ΢ûر֮ⶫǰ׹µĺʯͷʯѣܸıʲô
ã˾ľŤת׹ǵ֡
׹һأа취ԼԨ򦣬ûż֣ȺͶ֪ͨһ£ʯͷûвԾĵط
õġӦ
Ƭ̺ˣʯŨ޴Ӹֻ֪ãʯͷѣ俪ЩƼһЩڵµĶȣԴͷкܳ룬֣ʲôأ
ҲԵЩ档
Ԩͷ̬Ĺ׹ǣʲôûϸ˵
ûʲô֪
ˣѾ⣬ҾԿɡ
Ȼһ붯ְɣ



߰ʮ ƺ
䣡
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ɫĹ⽦䣬ͻǵ˸ӷ϶ɳڴ˷Сء
֮
ԨڶУ͵ؾжʱҫ˷ܵĹâ
ԯһ˴ǵ氵
λЧڰ׹Ĺģ̬ĹҲ׹Ǵˣ϶ԭ򣡡

ûżȥԡɷħЩġ֮ԨСţ
䣡䣡
ɷħأײǴʯ죬Ӷġ֮
ǵġ֮һСĵص׿ռ䣬ŨγһʵɫȦɷħ̬ĹС
һ㣬׼õķ֡
׹ǹȻк֣
ȦʱԨܣԸꡣ
أµɷħһδεأײʯ죬Ӷ¸ġ֮׷׷ɽ
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һûС֮ģͨͨɽĪʯ졣
Ȼ
׹ǵϽأСȵɽʮ֮࣬еɽ׹С֮
ЩϡѰйɽڲĿ꣬ͷ̾ŵĻҲǰ׹ǵ£ӹһ١
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ᣬģӴӰһ£ϳһλǰİͽܡ
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޲TӰãûԣƺֻһͶӰĹȦԨſƺڽȰ˵
ֻϧԨ
ɡ֮;Ȧλ½޲TϢ⡣
λͬӰԵĻӰԨоУǺ޲TͬȼĴڡ
ǳ飬ȣǧٺͺԨĴ
ӰΪɺӡͨĹȦԨֱӶԻ⣬־֮صйᵽ߶ֳһĨ֮Ӱ
ԨɫأΪ£
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ԭһûŪһĿɬԨҾټȥˣˡ
׹ǡԨ
׹ǣһ£ΪͰ׹ʲôϵ
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ǻӰźԨ
ԨɫȦ⣬ڼš
ǧٹкȣҲ˳Уֻ½޲TųĬһԡ
κ󣬽͵ԨڵĲܼҩڵĳҢ
Ԩˣ̬ĹʱԨԯ棬ɷħ·˵ǰ׹ǴΨһϣҲ֪潫ᷢʲô㲻׹Ǵˣ׹Ǵ˾ͻ
ͷǴϽ䡰֮ʯ죬Ԩ粻
棬ΨһͨɺӡнĽȰ˵ȰԨ֡
ڴЩԨ
˵ֻҪԨϰ֣ԺԨڿ־֮κ򣬶ܺߣǼλԷŸκιԨ֡
һᣬ˵׹Ժ׹ɽڲ̲صġ֮ɸԨ
ֹһᣬ˵Ը˵ܼ󣬻гҢð׹Ǽš
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ԨһͷˮֱֻظӦеִڴ˵Ĺڿ־ʲô
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ͻȻЪ˹ؿЦ½أǽ򣬻󣬺٣ȻѾˣʲôõģʲôµģ
ڴ󶦣Զٴκݺݵײʯ졣
䣡䣡
Ŵ֮󣬴ײһȱڣݡһһء

çģɫСأһɺԵĺ
Уһλߴӡ
Ҹ£ֽţͷλʮϸ֡
ڣɼ֮ʡ
ۣûлϢӣһϢ
ڣˡ֮ûлھȺƺҲš
һߣ޻ʬ壿



߰ʮ 
ʵɫȦ⡣
λģõӴӰǧ˿ƵĻľӿλӰ𽥱
أؿţԨȰ˵ײһȱڡ
ɷħ룬ȻԯȻλ̬Ҳʧ

ΡӰ̾һ޴ĹĺԨһֳ
ͨͷϢĺԨŲȻ⣬أʵɫȦԳɭ˵ᵽˣλߵĿֲϢ
΢΢ɫߣ˭
½޲TŻվӿ̬֣컨񾲣ü󡣡
־֮صĹڴ˷أͨ
ͷһͶӰٻӿͷܷһȱһصĻǣں֮ܶء
ÿһλĹһΪط
˿̣飬ǧ٣ԨȺ޲Tͨյͨһǹ
޲Tɾ͹ʱ̫̣־֮Ҳһٶ꣬Գ֪ࡣ
ҲԨԦɷħײʯʱᵽһϢ
ȻڸӦ飬ȣԨǧ̶ͬԹֶΣǰһ̽
ܾúܾ֮ǰһλǿͬ࣬ڤͬʱڿ־֮Ԩɫӡ
ڤȻɫ
ΪɺӡȻ֪춯صĻԴͷϢϢأڤ־֮أǺӡ
ڤһʱ־֮صİ
ڤڵҪǿ׺
λڤ֮׹Ӧڤǿ֡Ԩĵ϶ãѡֱתΪˣС
ʲô޲TС
Ƕ֪˹һתϣԨ˵̾ϢһתǴͷѪǣɲеĹ·
Ϊˣ̫δ֪أͲȷ
ˣ츳ѣܱ̤·ʹУΣĿ·ϣмߵִܵ˰ռ
ԪֻھѣҵȣܺõǶȥ
Ԩһп
飬Ⱥǧ٣½޲TֳĬ˼ⷬ⡣
ͷȷˡ
λһɹѡתηڤԨ˵˾ηֻ˵֪ʱĿ־֮أǼ¡ڤҲãҲգǸʱԶûٴνףûͻƵ
ȻȻأѡΪˣ˵ķʽȥߵԪ񾳡
תԺ󣬻ȥǾɡ֮ǧɣڻԺ֪ںδ
Ǿ޻壬ܶﶼѲ֪ȥ˺δ
Ԩͣʯ촦
˲˹޻壬ͷ
Ԩͷɻǣ׹ǼȻҵˣȻ֪棬Ϊʲôǰûпû԰׹ǵĻ飬ȥУȥǾ壿
ʲôʡ
׹ǣƺΪ˻־֮ض׹Ǿ壬׹Яɭ׻ȼ»ֹסԨ˵ʱܾţ׹ɢݵĻ棬пܰѿ־֮أճɻҽ

ɫСأƵ纣浽˷ָĳ̶ȡ
Ŀ磬˴һ˿档
Ԩ̤ɷħһСоѨϣ͸ʶСء
ͻȻ䣬һֻޱ̩ԡؼ䣬ǵȪС
ĵػ꣬ǴƺȻ仯
ף
ԯԨ߳ɷħʱɫһ䣬׼ȰСģ͵ע⵽Ǿῡĸߴӣ⣬λǺˣ
ߴӣһɺԵĺӴȺȴûϢ
͸ζӣʱ˷Сصӿһһ΢Сĺƺ˴ؿռ䡣
꣡
ԯһ񣬺Ũ͸欵ĻӰȻһʧڰҴ񣡡
˷Сռ䣬һл飡
ݣ
̬ĹҲûٿһðͷ;Уһλ
к󣬰׹ǵλ£ȻҵģҵĻǣƺƺ
ƺƵһɫĹĤȻ֡
ԨŤͷһ⣬㣬ƺף
̬Ĺֻǹļ𣬿̤һС˲䣬̤˽ǿ֮·ɱˣ
ԯҲı仯𾪹ֵǹ
϶ǹ̬ĹָѸɺԵĺһڤӰֻйӵһڤӣ޳ɹͨԴͷõԴͷγһͨϽصڤӣ
Ԩٿһۣ˵ͷȻɺˣӣȷڤӡ
ɺԣΪλ˰̬ĹֽԣֻǻǲˣȻûи࣡ףһСϪͨʮ˴֮
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ǣЩһɽе֮Ǵɢݳȥģ
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ԨԯˣͨⷬҵĻѵõܶõѶϢ
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ĻԺȻ𣬡λ˽ΪǸŮˣ񣬿ʼξɡˣѵִ΢ڣ˷СأЩ֮㶼ɱ֮ﰡ
ʲôԨһûӦ
ڴ˵أػ꣬Ϊ񣡡һһٵأȥ΢񾳵ͻƣͿԿʼˣ
һԨ׻֣ô
ڣõʱ



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һλλĹͳ֮£ɽأΧĿνˮйͨ
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һʱ䣬׹صɽͷĿ
׹ǣ׹ǣ׹ǣ
ǧǧĹ˻ţسɽͷ

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׹ɽһḥ̂ɱţһλλ֪Ĺ
ĻȻֳұڲԼɼǺӵġ֮ضɷţŹĻܡ
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Զ߿գ칬ӡɵĻֺ빬ҩڵĳҢɽԲܼ˵һƣ׹Ǳ
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׹ǳɾ͹־֮أǧδеĺڰʱ
Ϣһǧڡ
Ҫֹ׹ǳɽڣӲĥ

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ΰСİ׹ĹһұڿӨĹǺѣ˿ɭɭĹ˸ǡ
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Ӳӵһϸ˿ߣ׵Ǵ͸ɽĵص괥֣Ӧŵصװ֮¡
꣡
һǽڣεĹͷ
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棬ڶ麷ηĹƣ㣬ĥС
Ԩľ£ήҵ𣿡
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Ԩ
׹ǻȻ𣬻ǽڷĴ죬ǰӨĹڶ
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񡭡˸
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ԨɫСأһ߰Խһ߿ԯ̬Ĺ
ԯԴ˴Ũȥϴ
̬ĹֱӿʼˣĽ֮·
ĴߴԺ
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ԨҲˣ˼룬һһƨ¡
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ݣ
ʱעѨϵٶȣȻʮֹ
ͻȻʶСأŨ㽫꣬֡
ʱ纣أעػꡣ
ĵػ꣬ʶСأ㣬ǿ



߰ʮ ֮
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ɡ֮Ũ϶Ȧ˽ĻһմȾɢ
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仰һ޲TнԷ׷ױɫ
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Ϊһˡ



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꣬ȻҲֻ㣬ҵ֡ڤɳӡɺӡ𣬡ǵ꣬Ӧڿ־֮أʤ
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棬ˡ̬ĹԵúܼңҪȥҴˣ

һɲǺڲɫСأ͵˰׹Ǻ޲Tڵ硣
ˣּˣ
һ׹ǣλ԰׹Ĺ£Ϳ캰صعֽǺܶͬ飬ɱˡˣҪ
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˿͸ϢԵҿͬΪ޲TĲѡ
޲TĦŰ׹ǣԴ⣬һתΪԺ󣬾˭
䱣ȫİ׹ǣתһͨû̫츳ķϣչֳǻֶۣΣͶԻǵľտʶȻҲ𣬻ߵľ磬ںҫ
ңʱ껯ȥҲ֮ǰ
ܶʱԡʣı䡣޲TĥţưļһΪˣҲ̫ܷ仯֮ǰʱ˭Ƣƣ
ˣˡ
Ϊ̬Ĺੲݵؽš
Ѿ֪׹ǳΪͰ׹ȥȥ׹ɽӿڴ˵Ĺڵˣɱ
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׹Ĺ˰׹ǹԺͷеĹ飬ΪЩսʿֻͬع
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֪ǰİ׹ǣԺڤа˽һЩĻ޲Tʶ־֮صĹ֮жôĲпᡣ
ڤֽİ׹ǣصأλΪԿġ
飬ҲһֵĹǧ٣ȺͺԨоһս֮
뾺Ȼԥ
һ顣׹ȡ
ʲô޲TȻ
㣬һ֮ҳΪ񡣡׹лҳ˵ҳΪҿɱ׶̵ĽǺʦܡҩڵӳ೾ҪԼ취
һ޲Tرɫ֪ˣ
׹ǻͷ֪˭
ʱ֪ģ
ܾǰ־֮أĶұ֪˭׹˹أ֪ܣΪΪ˵ѡѡ·һԣ֪ҵľ飬˳Ϊˡ
ңҾͰ㣬濼һ¡
׹ⷬ˵꣬޲TĪ⣬˳ʱĳĬ
ԱߣǰһֱߴߴûҲؿ׹ǣֿ޲T
׹ǴˣȻҪ˵½޲TȫԼΪ
޲T̬Ȼ⶯ˣϿ˼ţ׹Ǵ˵飿
ˣѾ
㣬ʱ˾׹תͷֿǸ𾪵£ҡôãΪʲôһ̣ѡԨҸ֪ת
ˣ˵ʲô̬ĹãȻ
Һڤôѡң֪ڤҹ㣬һ㣬ɺӾŵ׹ǵͫҫȤĹâ
¸¸
̬ĹϽ£Ի̬Ͽͷ
޲TȻʧɫڤ
ڤʹ׹ǰһڣһſСʯӣÿһСʯӶڷ⣬ұΪڤģ֪ģǽڤԨ᲻һ
㶼֪޲T¡
׹һ
̬ĹǶ־زţˣջǵľ˿ˡ
Ϊʲô
Ϊֱ˻һֱӮȥ۶Է˭ڤҲãĹҲգҶŴЦ󣡡λ̬˵ⷬʱᶨֳŲɵĹâ
ֹâޱȵҫۡ
ҺĻش𡣡׹ǽһſСʯͷݸǣ̺ʯͷֱһƾ꣬һ֣֮κһʯͷ룬Ҷܸ㡣
л˴࣡
Ӧõġ

ԯȻѡ
ɫСռ䣬ͨϴӴоһеĮĿӣ⣬Ŷʱѡ
񾳺ڵⷽСռħڵľ±롣
ңԼоⷽСڣٽһξ
ڡ
ѵŭأǰ
ɷħƯţڴһҲµСŮʵСŮĮȻɫؿ
ꣿԯͻȻӦ
СŮĿޱ飬ֵģҽ
ֻԨʱŻãഺϢڶԴʱչֳֻĮӺͱ䡣
㣬Ů̹
ԯ
ϣʶȤ뿪ڶڣҡڣѩ׵ĳ㣬Ө˹󣬡ҲҪٵ֪ⷽСصģɽͷĶһ
ȷһԯ
˷Сռ飬ֱǣ
ÿһģܶǿ˼ʮʶͻ
˵صࡣԿ̰˵ǸС׳û̫㲻ͬҪͻƵξٷһ
ʲô˼ԯˡ
ˣɱɲԤϵӰ졣Ȳٻεǰ㣬ƺ뿴ĸ㲻ףڿ־֮ζʲô壬΢Ľ׶Σڿ־֮ƾ񣬻õԴͷ˼ӳ֣
ڴ洦࣬ܺԴͷͨ
ң˵ľͻƣκⷢ
̬ⷬȺȷˡڸˣ
ڿ־֮أͻƵ񾳣˶ôԯڳʼľŭѸ侲ˣ
ɫĮֻ֪ɾߣõԴͷ˼ӳ֣෴ģڿ־֮أȥߣᱻԴͷΪɱ󣬻ᱻѹơ
Ͻڿ־֮طп־֮صĻɱһɹԴͷ
λڵĲܼ󣬴ľôһ⡣
ովѵⲿּ֪ʶԯ
˵ģԴͷǻۣʶһôԯüͷһӽܲˣ֤
ܴеǻѪʵ塣һĲмԴͷΪأֻص֮ʶֵ֣
ԯһ£֮ȻƮȥ㣬չ˺
Ȼ
ݵһԯ˳ԭ·أһɫСأ˳ȥ
ڴתǻ߸ѨǳҫԨЦ
ڤӴһֱ롰֮ڵԨؿ߸ѨȻƿ
ӲӵѨϣȥʱǵĲ֡
Ժ󣬴㹻ǿɷħפУսɷ֮˵İ̫󣬵ȸѨϱٳǧǧɷħפһˣδȻܳһΣ



ٰ߰ʮһ 
ڤڣڣһϢޡ
ţǵġ֮壬λӿ־֮صĹƤɳڣȻή𽥱İС
֮;ǧ꣬ʬĹؼ
ʧҲڵĽ
ʱ۲죬ܿϸ΢仯
ûģԨҪķѶ೤ʱ䣬ܹڴ˷СأػɱΪ
ˮȻš
֪˶ãԨǻһѨϣȻųĹԡ
һġ֮ڷ룬ǧөһ㣬Ԩڡ
ߴῡڼʱ䣬޾ʱʴ
΢΢ü
ע⵽λ壬ƤҰɫɵƤʧ
Ҳһ̣ڲռ䣬ǧɷħᵽһХ
ɷħͼԨ˵Ũ
С䣬һ

ڤӵĺˮϴ塣
һɣȻٵĿֲܣͻȻڴ˷Сء
еܵظе岻Իҵأڤӡ
ڤӵϱãϸ
㶰ΣͫǲȻڤԦɷħԯһƮȻ
㣬ô
磬ԯƮɷħڿھ
̫ɻ󡭡
ɫСس˽Ϊİ׹ǣ½޲Tԯһͷˮûü֤
ͻȻ䣬ϳɷħͬǷС뿪
ڿյɷħûƺڲСռ䣬ʱ̱¶Լ
ǰ׹ǣͫâӦʽʼˡ
ʲôԯãȻ
ʱԴͷ־׹Ƿ·ʲô֪ļһڿ־֮سȻᱻԴͷ졣ڤӣΪ־֣ųһвɵ顣
˵ţ׹Ƴһɷħ
ʶѪ£жڵɷħԴͷϿɣԨʱ֮⡣
׹ǣ㶼֪ʲôԯѯʡ
⣬Ķࡣ΢Ľ׶Σֳɷħ̤־֮أǱһ̶׹ǹƶ˵Լ֪ѱźá
氲޲T廰
Ԩ̸ԨĿ֪氲νԨŪ־֮أڿ־֮رܻ
񣬸׹һ˵ʱ氲Ĳã⡣
氲ԭİţѹˡ
׹ͷǻ۵ĹâҫţǲؽţǷСռ䣬档ڿ־֮ĹʷѪִڴ˽ػɱΪָ
ܳɹõԴͷϿɣڤǰ㣬ⷽصĳ
ȻһϤ־֮صܣ֪һ磬߳ɹõĺô
ĻԶܲ²氲ĴͰźһС
ڴˣ񣡡޲Tȡ

ԨʶСء
ꡢĵػ꣬õĻڣǧ˿Ƶʶᣬһϸȡĥš
ϸµأţػÿһ˿΢仯
ʶû壬εšɵԽԽ࣬ʮʶۺţϵؾȥϸˮڵػ
̣ͥСأһϴӣΪơ
ʮʶΪһʶˮ
Ԩĥţţһһʵ
ʶֻܸ֪磬อѨأⲢûй
ܹ࣬עʣѪںϣһ赼Ѫá
ʶΪйԷǣΪʶΪ״̫ڷɢУȻͲЧɱ˵ˡ
һ
߽лѪһУ͸ԷʶСأܻûУ磬ֱӹ˵Ļǣ
γɣܿĻս
ɱ䣬õĻڣɻʶȫʷڻڵģһĻ
תٶȸ죬۹עͷ⣬ʶʮֹ
ʶΪǾ춯صĸı䡣
ػɱ䣬ԭôһ̣ˣ֪а
ԨȣеרעеʶѨϵĵػ꣬ŵػȻÿһ仯
ܾúעתƣ겻ûκζද
ֻ꣬һšɷħУɼš֮һ

ڤӵͻȻüΪأ͸ĶĤ͵ؾѡ
ЩԸۡ
Ȼע⵽̬Ĺԯɷħʱ֪ʲôʱ뿪ˡ
Ȼûа취鹵ͨܲĴڡ
Ǻʱ뿪

ǾߣθߴῡĹ֮ڤڷ
Ƥӵ£λ֮Ĺ壬ڿлɻ̣ɢ
߷ز֪ʹɢʧ
ںġ֮ٲ֣׹£˳ƽΪ׹֮ǿ
һ֮֡Ԩڣǻ߸Ѩϡ
һЩɢһСأʹڤɢݵܻһԨȡ
Ԩͻڤӡ
ˮУǧš
Դͷ



ٰ߰ʮ Դͷ
ɺԵڤӣˮ
ӵףǧ΢ϸŲЪ
һɣеı־ؽڤӡ
ӵףǧ΢ϸǴ־ת˼ͷǻ֮⡣
Դͷ
Ԩͷ˲µһλ־ƾս١
֪־֮·Դͷᴩءң߱ߵǻۣһֺѪ鲻ͬģһ
Դͷ˼룬ʶǻۣǴ˷ϵ
û֪ԴͷʱʱʶһϵʵԴͷ֮ǰ
Դͷ壬壬󣬰
˵ûԴͷڣһأͲܵ
ÿһڤӣǳֻеõϿɣһڤӹĹĻɱΪ
־ڿ־֮޴ڡ
̤־֮صֻҪ룬ܵһʱ֪ܶϤһС
ÿһڤӣ괥֣˼룬ͷʶϰش󻯡
һ־̬Ԩ鹧ҽԨǬ½ҡ
һڤƮŶǵڶν١
Ԩһ
ԴͷûҲû쳣Ļȴĺһιٶǰ㻹̤·ֻҩ
Դͷڤڣǧ⴫ǰк档
ԨȻһ
ܣһ·ûκһˣܶܣ֪ͷͳ
Դͷֳһʶ٣Ȼһڵ࣡
תҲͨҡеںص飬˭ҪҡԴͷûеģеľĮ֪Եɣǰ꣬һİ׹ǣͬˡ
㣬޾ĹӣһߣҪҵ׿ϡ
ִţֻأת
Դͷ־ž޲أ۷ǿ߽֪ʵ
ԨʼľѸٵźľ侲¿ڣǰ棬Ԩݼصִֻߣ
飬⣡
ĹϴڣͻȻֳһ٣ͨһԴͷĪҫ
ǰΪҩ۷ԪȴδҸ֪Դͷ
˵ԴͷֱӽжԻˡ
Ϊһƴأϵ־ִֻصڣ֤ĲʢķչħϮ
ĬĬأ꣬ûУûлϲǡ
˴ڣȻһʶΪ£
ҾӿˣɱڤԴͷڤӴֳţĽʣ˵Ľꡣִ־֮ʱҾ;쵽ʼڰй۲죬Ƿ˵
ãҿʼ㣬ֻǣҪٰһѡ
ԣҲڤӣʽԻ
ԴͷȻ
Ԩɫ͸˵Ĺ죬âŵĺڤ˵ڤ

Ԩüͷ
λ־֮ش˵еĹһЩ¼֪ڤǿ־֮صʷϣΨһߣ
ڤûǰʱ־֮ͬһʱڣж
ɶ˴˭Ҳ˭Ϊ
ֻڤʱеĹŶҪ
ڤ󣬿־֮ػǺǰһ棬˭˭
ڹϵĴ˵Уڤڤӣ˵Դͷһ֣
ܺڶΪȫʢʱڣƿÿһԴԴͷڤӣ
ÿһλսһڤϢϢأڤƿڤӣͱȱĹǿ
ĹȻͲĶ֣ҲֻܹԹԸ׳Ƴˡ
ڤȻԴͷΪҪô£
Ԩ⡣
֪ɻʲôڤȷʵҶҲΪҵһ֡Ҳ˵мʲôΪҩʦжҩҾ͡
ڵڤ԰ڳĶء
ҵĿƣںڣҪūң۸بŲƵֻعءԽɺӣӿ־֮ش⡣
ˣҪڿ־֮سɾ͹Ҫǳˣ־֮ؼǧĶɣᱻ״ƣңӦңѸҵػɺӣеڤɱ
ڻɺڣɱλĽʴŻǡûбˣʹ֮ǰˣҲв
ԴͷϸµأԨ˵ڤܡ
ڤ䱻ն´޺ɱǺӣһƲлڻɺڣط־֮ء
ڤ壬ƱѰ
صĶңһλ֪ʲôӪڤ壬ؿ
λ̤أܡ
ǿ֮⣬ھޣԪޣ֮ء
Թ˲Ͼڤ壬пܱ˳ʹ־֮ء
ڤǺڿ־֮ؾۣ˵ڤԴ˵ϤȬˣûκˣܹڿ־֮ؽڤĨɱ
Ҳ͵׷Ͷ
ڤûɾΪԴͷأ´ҡ
ң֣ħ׷ӿ룬ҪԿƣ
ڤ
ԨɫðΣͻȻ꣬ڵİ׹ǣվǱߣ
㲢磬ΪɱڤԴͷٴδݣ׹ȼĻ棬ڤ֮ꡣڤɢڿ־֮ء
׹ǣͺ㽻Ԩȵ
ǡԴͷӦ
ԨԥȵҴӦˣ
һ䣬ڤڣ纣ԴͷǣأԨʶСء
ص㣬꣬Ҳɾ鼳ȡ
ԨһͼʶСأããǾȴ֮ˣ
ⲿ
ԯ޲T̸Ԩʱɷħ
׹Ƕʯ죬ɽͫڣ˸붨ޡ
һӺ󣬰׹ǹ޲T΢
׹Ťͷı޲TߣҲʯ죬Եñǣô޲Tɬѯʵ
׹ǵͷСռ䣬Ԩͨ
ԯȣ˭
Դͷ׹ǵĮ
Ԩµԯ˵Ȼǿ־֮صԴͷֱɵˡ
ƯɷħҲڴ˿̣ҵҡ
ͷȻĶԻ֪Դͷ٣Ҳ֪淢ʲô
׹ǣҴӦ飡޲Tûжԥҵıҵظ㲢սһȫ㣬ڿ־֮سΪϣ㣬ҲԼ
׹ǹͷһġ



ٰ߰ʮ 
һźɢŨһ޴ıʯĹڿХ
ŨǧӨ⣬ͻ֯һģĻӰ

ɭŨӹеĹ֮ϡ
ʯĹڷŵ;Уθߣ޴Ρ롣
ǿβһźƺƵڿзţƾ
Ԩ
ԨѹƣǳŰ׹ǵذ
纮Ԩ۷ǿߣҲͺЩĹ㣬Ѱ׹ǵأЩ֮𣿡
׹ǣ»׶༪٣
ڶĻǺɹɽͷźԨ
Щ̾ɽĹ֪׹ǣѾĹ׵֮
Ϊ׹ڣֻͻȻðġ֮ЩĹڵĺԨ
Ǻܾ棬溮ԨȻԳǿʯĹ
Ϊǰ֪Ϣ׹Ϊ޲TһսܣֱĹƣ̤Լɽһսϼˡ
׹ǣѾԼɽסҳͷ
İ׹ǣֵúԨʦڵأŹȥ

պ
޲TڵأһСݵӰŻų߲ϼ⣬һѤõ磬Ҳ׹ضȥ
޲T޲T
½޲TԼϽҲͺԨһ㣬׹ضȥ
Ԩ޲T׷׶ڰ׹ǵأʲô춯صıʣ
ڶĻģеӴģأҲӿǱߡ
һԨѾ㹻ˣս޲Tһأ档
ǣӸڣǿһЩĹ飬Ҳ׷׶
׹ǵϽ˿־֮أĿһء

ԭڻĹء
һqqɽͷɽ¿Ĺɢ
Ϊɺӡذǰɫʱŭʱ
֮
ݣ
뵽ɺӡڲռ䡣
ˮһ͵Ļ飬ɽȻ֡
һλţߴޱȵӣɫؼףɫ㣬һ˫ڵͫ͸صĹâ
ӣ͸ΰԵϢ·𣬾صףԶ¡
ڤɬ
ϵϢ̫ˣٵ̲סҪĤݡ
ţֻҪǿ־֮صĹֻҪᵽλϢͻԹѡ
̾Ϣڡɺӡڲռ䣬λĻǣ֪ԼôСô
ң˵ˣ
ǿɬ
Ҿ׵ӣһض΢Ц
֮ȽȻԵĸߴһء
ֻһǣӲдڻɺӰˡһ̾Զųҡҷ飬żȻҵңҴŪұͿɱ㡣֪׾١
Ϊû֣
ͷҺӣȥÿе顣
޵꣬Żξս̫ԨСĽ벻һλ־֮ȥĹȻĻŵӡ
ǣΪ
˵ܲšԳһЦԼҲŪףλն´ˣֻ²лһڴɣӱŪҼپҾ͡Ҿ֪Զ²֡
ֻһл꣬ɺӡ޷뿪ӣȻ͸
İͿ־֮صЩϢȻͬ
κˣʱ򣬶ѽ͹ϵо˿־֮йˡڤ
ҡһӱʧǡ
߳ҵǺӹЯ֣αǧɽˮǺӣɺã˵
ħƻĵħһ򱶡
λ̫Ԩڵĳϣʦһ仰ԼĳԣԼ־֮صĿģҪԼ˭
ֻǣͷӬ˵һ䣺㣬Ҫƭҡ
ң
ڤȻһЦӰƺڷ⣬ͬ꣬ԨбСкξ壿
ĿѣԣĿ⣬һ˰

׹أһɽ棬ʯм룬һֱͨµĶڡ
һö칬ӡɵĺΰͿշţʮףȵͣס
ڵĲܼڰ˴ȥλɽͷֱһصء
棬һԴ½ǿߣһĪ
ڰ׹ɽͷڵȴɽѵһ̣˭֪ܼкûһҲûκһͣȻͼԦյĹôһɽ棬˵ôһ

һħǧͬѸٷˡ
ͣסԺ󣬴ӵ룬̽ԹĪ⣬գŲܼȭٺһЦ˺ȵʹߡ
ħĪ⣡
ϵˣڲܼ󱳺󣬺֡
Ⱥ黩Ȼ
ħڶԪ׵Ψһãǰħ֡
һɫ⣬˲ϢǧٿȻ
Ѫ̣磡
ܶԴ½ߣɫ׵ľӰȿĪ⣬ӵҧгݣ
Ҵһ
ͷһʯ΢̾
һУѾ֪ͨ˿̳Ҳͼܸ
׹ǣȻ
һ߸̾һţԨͰ׹ͬ飬涯ͨʲôʽԨһ٣



ٰ߰ʮ ŭ棡
ص
׹ӱʯ뿪һԣˮһʯ͸γһԲ¹Ȧٴִ˴
Բ¹ȦͷųԣеĻ飬پ͸
ԡڹ֮£ԯԻ񣬰޺̨ڱţŵ¡
ȵģʹȦγɵģȱһЩ֮Щġ
ȦڲԼܿĻӰ仯̬
ǹȦԯһ֣ڹۿ˼䣬սమɱȻһĹ̡
Ȧڣ·̲֮
޲TһӰγɵĹȦ̲صĹ˵ô
ԯһĲ֪룺˭

׹ǵ˵ͷԥһ£ԯ˵ҪȥһẮԨЩĹ
һ̬ĹʱˣҪսˣ
Ԩ죿ԯ
λտˡ׹ָָӲӵĹȦ˵ػڣڵⶫ֡İɣڤָȫʢĹƲȦԨڵСء
֪ԴͷʶĽ٣֪ԨڲС⡣
ԴͷȻػԨڿ־֮أܴԴͷʶڤ˭˺Ԩ
޲TɫȻһ䡣
׹ǵıͫҲȻâ졣
ͬΪ𣬳飬ǧ٣ȺͺԨôڱϢһΧᱻ׹Ǻ޲T֪
ͺñȣ鼸λҲᵽ׹ǵϢ֪׼ȷλһ
ڰ׹Ǻ޲T֪УһǺգǱ֮£纮ԨߣҲвڡͼϢߡ
֮⣬༸λ׷׽ӽ
Ҹںʱ㣿޲Tѯʡ
Ҫʱ򣬻ᴫѶ㡣׹ǻӦ
ȺͱϣȴϢ޲T仰ԺһӰٿȻ
񡣡׹ƳԯһۣڲСռһأɱҪĶࡣ֮⣬Ȧ̺Ĳ򡣡
ͣһ£ֶɷħ˵Ҳ㡣
л׹Ǵ㡣Ӵڲף׹Ǵ쿪ʤɱķãҪͷ˳֡
ԯȻ
ݣ
׹ǻһɭĹ⣬߿ưСİӨͻȻӵص׿ռȥ
һɲǺ󣬷֮ϣ׹س֡
̧ͷһۣɶʮ˿ź̴ľӣΪһĺĹ
Ĺһǣ̴ľӣڰ׹ǣЦ׹ǣ
ֺ빬ڣڵĲܼüͷһȣСģ
ҩڵĳҢ׹¶һͬȻɫ
Ԧš٤ħĪ⣬ɫ׵İ磬ټ׹Ǻ󣬽ԲԽأԶ׹ķ档
⼸λֱӺԨͺǶ֪׹Ѿ
İ׹ǣûһֱڵصףûȥػԨǵϢ̫һǵϡ
Ǽλ˵׹ڵصףŷ֮زܶ
ֻǼλ٣̤£׹ڵصնɱ
·ϣɱôڵµİ׹ǣȴһ߳
׹ͻһţȻ
УǧɭɭĹ֣ôڣһſź̴ľԲ顣
ʮ˿ź̴ľӣһ޴ϺѣдƣڲĹĻǣϺ֭Һʡ
ɭ׻棬Ӱ׹ڵȼĹһǹš
߿еİ׹ǣӰһӣֳڶ£̧ŵľ
Щ־ĽУ׹ȭƵľ

Уһֻǣ㣬ڲ
һɭ׻棬ڣĨɱĲл꣬ƵĺӳһʶС
еİ׹ǣǾͨŹ
׹ҫģЩĹ£ѩڡ
˵Ƥӵ£ٻûס룬׷׻ҷ
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죬׹ǽΪˣ
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յĹڣܼڳڵľѸ侲ĳҢ˵֣㾡Ҫ֡
Ң˵ͷ
飡
׹ǲڽµͻȻѣǵ飬ĺ¡
ǿ޺ХЩ˵ĹֻҪϣ
ˣĹ֮ûͱ׹ѹɱ
֮󣬻˭
ӿڴ˵Ĺʱ׹ӰһĨɫ磬䣬͵֮ǰɽ
ǼλҲˡ
һͷԶԶһۣ֪ڰ׹ǳΪԺ󣬻ͬһɱ׹صĹҪꡣ
ǼλĹ֪ʲô֪׹ǳɹףΧŰ׹ѡ
ʱ
ͨȼɭ׻İ׹ǣȥƬ档
ں֮ģ⼸ĹѾ
׹ǹأվسмķ棬һɭոؼĻǡ
ɫͫ飬̧ͷǹһۡ
֮УдԴ½񣬶ʶأͲܼӽһЩ
һö칬ӡöɵĸչںƵС
ܼͷͰ׹ǶӣȻձȭ⣬΢Ц׹ǴˣԵƬ̣Ԩ·ϡ
׹ⲻĮȻ˵ڵȡ
С㣬顭ʲô̬ȣ
Ī٤ħڣСķţӽ˰磬һػӰӵƤЦ˵ˣӦҲ·ϰɣһսᶯְɣǵһʱ֣ǵȴʵĻ᣿
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ȣͺԨ֡ҪԨͷ󡣡Ī̬׹в̫󣬺ȣԨǧ̬һ£ȳ׹ǣ̸
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Īɫ࣬



ٰ߰ʮ ع
ɺڡ
ڤĻǣ̫Ԩڽߵţλ̫ԨڵĳϣԸΪС
ĸߴ󣬴ɫؼ׵ڤ¶Ͷ䣬ԴϢ
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ڤºЦţ˵ڿ־֮ؼ֮·߽նճɾΪεǶġ
߽Զ󱧸ҪԪȼ־
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֪˶ãڤڵĻɺӣȻҫ⡣
ӵףǧ˿ܱ֯ΪֻصĴ
ڤ΢һͷ衰ɺӡ£ռԶǧ֮⣬һڤڵѶϢ
ԨĶ༸λټ˲Ȼġ
ͬʱصĺ
һ£ݳЦݣԨͷ
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ûʲôڤÿɷҡҡͷȳȥһ£ҪֹԨƾ˳Ҫȹء
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Դλڤ¶飬ŵԺʦվߡ
Ϊϵɽ»𺣣̫ԨڣأҲϧ
˵ʲôʲô
ɱ˭˭ϡ
Ϊ־֮ʷϣΨһĻףڤԹгǿĹƻԽ飬ͬյ˼õЧ
񣬹Թ˳˻ɺӡ
ҪһЩ飬׼ʩ
ڤɺӡɹ˵˼仰
硣
һͷͷǧһӿ˵ĹĿųȹâһԥû˲롰ɺӡ
ЩȻǹ飬
շɳĽͷðģϢǿĹĹɫ΢ȡ
⼸λ׺ף͸ϢԶֵĸζϮ̻ͨδ̻ͨ˲ʹԼԺ󣬲ŰѲдļ˾¡
˿̣ЩȺĹĹҪϢǿĹͻȻӰð
ΪڤЧң
ȣǧǰԣΪ˵£
ص³ɽ
һλǿĹƯеġɺӡϵ˵
λ¼ףеʽǳ˸
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еĹϱţʱŮӣʱͯñ仯ǿħ
λȫڤ£ǱȳҪϵĴڣ׷ڤһ뿪־֮أɱĺء
ǺʱĶཨ
ڤն´ޡնɱɺӡط־֮أʬǺԺ׷ڤ뿪Щ׺ܶ඼ɱ
ֻλҴǱںĳЩأǺ
־֮صھ߱ڤɾΪһ˵ĴǷ׷ͨͬ;»ع־֮ء
ۣݼڤ£Ը̷ҡ
һϮۣȻӴƮտյİڣһӰšɺӡ⣬Եľ⣬ȵĳݣ·Եģһأϵ
Ĺ
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ǽʱһѪ̳ͺ䱣мλа뢣һأǺӵİĹֿ־֮أ
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û֪ʲôʱ𣬰۾Чڤ
С㡣
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ôһ˵˲ȫˡ
ͻȻ֣Ϯ̻ͨЩϹԭڤ¡
ڤ뿪־֮صޱ䣬ڤĴȫٴξӿڤΪڤȥս

飬Ĺڤкõȥɺӡڤĳ׼
ڤڿ־֮صӰֱ̾Ϊֹ
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ڤ
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һŲͬɫĻâںӵţһööͨڤӵڤʩ
иĹ飬֪ΪڤڤȻǡ
˵Уڤڿ־֮أӵù
£ֻҪڿ־֮أԺڤֻҪܺķһЩ
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ڤսĹʱϣֵĿһ㣬ڤע⵽ڤ󸴻
֮־ڤӣ
صɫСء
ԴͷЭ飬õ˵Ԩٴػʱʱо纣ľע뵽ʶСء
һƵʶһһ
̣쳣˳ûг͡
Ȼ䣬ԨоһʶͶӰ㣬ŵڤ¶
ۣͼڤڣһλߴɫؼӣӼ㣬͸£׵İԵƣҽڤ
һЦ˵źѣԨ㱻־֮أΪ˴˿񡣾ΪˣֹҳΪ񣡡
ڤԨ
ţȥ֪ԴͷʶǰйһͨԴͷȻѲ֪١
ʱˡ
ƿͼڤЦ˵ҲΣֻһͶӰӡ
ʱһۣԨĽʡ
֣걻Ԩĺ˵Ԩ֪㣬Ӧս׼
ֻǸ㣬棬Ӧڤ͵Цݣһһٵ˵棬Ϊ̤·ĺڣ¶ƵĶҩ
Ϊһ˽Ϊаħ֮㣬˵ʱصĶ
ʦ֣״ӣڣħ֮ʿкβã
Ϊ㱾͸
Ļڤ˵ԨʶСأͻоը˺ء
̤񾳣ƴĽ˵ڤߡ
񣬿νǶɽһٲ
ڤһͶӰ٣һһԨħʶСըɾĵ·ͻվ
ΪˣȴֻһΣҵҪ㣬ûħɹᣡ



ٰ߰ʮ ħ
ԨʶСأڤһϯκˣ
¡
һףԨԺըѿʹ
㱾͸
ǺصĶ
Ϊаħأ
ڤǷΪһĻʶ޽Ϊһööףڱը
꣬ڷ𵴣ڳ׵ĺ

һ˺磬߮УҪԿǡ
ǵĴʹһ̣ɷħµѪ˴֪ǿ˶ٱ
ʶռ䱬꼴Ҫ飡
ԨͫѪ˿еѪ䡣
ÿһѪ⣬ľĻᾧ
ڤڣڤǸߴͶӰᣬԿıɫٻ
֪ĿѾﵽ
ûоħϮԨǰĲʹ䣬ǰһЩ¼ܱΪħʱϮɱԨ
ǰĨɱڤһоɱﵡ
ԨǿԺʹԴͷڤ˵Ȼʵ
պԴͷ־ͨŽѾڤͽڤӽ롣
ңһڵǰݡ
ͨ㣬֪ڤȻܿԴͷͨκһڤӣͶӰ
Ҳѹ֣Դͷ˼ɵڤԼɵԼҲҪڤ
ڤԴͷΪأԼԺضԣѵҲǣ
һʶСأͻ籩Ȼɡ
͵ķ籩ڣҷ񶨣ԼĻɡ
ͷһشصľӿУǷ籩ҡ
ħ
ȻӦڤֱӹħ
һըѵף˺ص磬γɵ籩Դ
ڤʩڤ͸Ժ
ߵĽףһЩĹؿħľѣӶºܶ಻Ԥϵĺ
Ʃ磬ɢ
֮ǰľ磬û漰ħδû֡
γֻǵĴĥҲʼħγɡ
¡
һͷףڵػըѡ
ʱԨһĻ׶ȻϣٻһƵʶ
ǧ࣬һĻ˶ɢ
ʧأɢ
ɫһ䣬߾ȫأȥȹľȥҷ
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ʶһͷиֻƻʶף磬ܷ籩ܡ
־ĸоմ˾Ʒչܿ
䵽΢ڣʶɢٵ䵽пܻ𣬾ʹ˲ʡˡ
û뵽ڤͶӰͽ˼仰Ҫʶ
ѵôˣûƽķʽô죿
һ̣Ԩ٣ѸʶƵϾۿŻǵĶͷʹѵͬʱоǶһħʴ£׵š
ħħҶҶҵ
ܿǰƣκ˶ﲻ
ڣԴͷڤڤˣҲ޷ħ鷳
ܣԼħ֮·ͽֹա
ΪˣҲҪһ
ΪʱǰרľеҩѰת̤·ķʽĩڣ֪ޣ辶̽󶾵֮ƫִˣɱڶҶ
ЩȷҶ𣬵ȷġ
̤аҾǱң
һĻĻ棬Ժ֣˼ţʡԼȥʱĩڵЩΪ
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ߣɱػ꣬Ϊʱħ֣ųѡ
ħɣѪȣа뢣ٳʬһҲܳɵ
飬аƶֻ֣֮жҵϿɡ
ͷԨԺԼԹߵĽǶȣһԨȥǰԼ
ţƽٻԼٷԼǡܡ
뻵ǰƣĩڵĶ䣬飬ȥԼһ棬Լµļ˷
ִڶԴٻط֣Ȼ籩ڲĻܣѸٵĮ
Ȼ䣬
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ģϵ޽ףһ˺ѵ磬Ҳһһʧ
ڤһϯҪʶСأ𽥱÷ƽ˾
ػܴը飬ֻҪԴͷ־ڣ棬Ȼپۡ
Ȼڣ걾Դδˡ
ʶСصȹ̣±þףһ
ֻҪ̤·һоγħ
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ħܻκʱ̱ԽӱܣԽǲԣԽѹƣȺĳһ̱ʱԽǿ
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ǰĩڣǶβĻɣ𣬶Լʹޣսδĳһ̣ܱΪֲħ
ڻξʱҲʱھ
ʱħһֽܱҪʮٱ
ܣԼӦͱħըĻɢˡ
ҵǻҪлڤ
һͫУһѪɫҲѪ⽦䡣
Ǳ羵͸峺·ڤͶӰӳ뵽ļԺ



ٰ߰ʮ ֮
Ԩ޳
ʶСأǣǽɢʶٴξӿһĻ
ĵػʣһӷ
ᳶһЦ⣬ڤڣڤʩչͨеĸߴͶӰлڤǰǰ׽ܱΪħ޳
Ԩȭ⣬ϡ
ڤﹴħ񳯼ʹ񣬽׵ȫµľ磬Ȼȱݡ
ȱݣԺ£һ̱׹ٲԨ
ħٶȣҾ̾ڤĸߴͶӰӵ׳ȥ
Ӵ£İӰ̸꣬֡
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Ҷ˽ⲻֻ࣬ͨĻ֪ǰͷڤûж٣ѵ˵Ҳˣֻܹһħ֮·ۣеħͷɾֹһ
ҡҡͷǰһأȥˡ
ӵףӿ绯ǺӵԨ춴㣬ڤһͶӰû
һδħԨģҲ˷ʱ䣬˷ѿࡣ
ΪͨһڤʩͶӰˣҲʱĥ
ȫʢʱڵ״̬Զ
οҪģԴͷĿӣ⽫ĻǷԴͷ֪
ӵףӰȫȥ
һ־ӵص׾һ㸡
Ԩʱ֪Դͷ־ڤȥԺٴν١
Ҷģۻܾöɶأʧȥƿء
Դͷ־һС׷İ˸£Ĺҵط־֮ءҲ˻ţǺӶмǣΨһ˺شģǽʣӡڵĽꡣ
ĹԨ𾪡
ۣ̤־֮أΪۣһֱΪ£Ч
ˣ
򵥽Ԩ˲նͷ
Σһ˿谭͡
ԴͷİĻǣ޸˴ӿػɱ䣬һľ
棬ж𵴣ڵص֮£и֪
ΪֻȫȫأԼػɱ䡣

ر֮ϡ
ĺ磬ޣһɽĹĻΧţԶ谵֡
ĹԶʮ⣬ⷽе飬Ƕ⡣
ΡյĹڣԴ½Щǿߣڴ
칬ܹĻ޷ȫǱʯĹļϢ
ĺܽģ٤ħеĪ⣬ɫ׵İ磬ǱʯĹ¶ʱֹͣ˽̸
˵עȫǾ޴ıʯĹϡ
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ԨͷҲľˡ
Ԩ
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Щٶ𣬻һЩûзŵĹ
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Ȼְ׹ǣǵĵӶ֪ǽֻԹߣⳡ֮սУʲô춯
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ûмڣͷյĹ֣ûᰲĪ˽ͿţͬĹ
׹ǣˣ
Ԩǿ޴ıʯĹĹٽĺĻâĹ棬߮
â֯ΪĳϼͼƣǿиıĹĲʽṹ
ӲĹȻһ䣬һ߸ʮɵĺˡ
Ԩ
һĿ⣬ǰĺˣϳλǺԨ
ڴ˵УԨҲߡ
ͷѾԶ׷飬ֻ֪ԺΪôһʯĹ
ʯĹ£źԨ汾ġ
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Ϊ󣬺ԨһˣҵԼ֮أʯĹؿ־֮ء
˱ʯĹУҲǡ
Ĺ֮ϵģȻҲĨȥڡ
ĨȥһǲԸͨģ֪ǰݡ
һǣڣ˵һء
ͬ
Ǻ
Ư߿յĹڣһλԪڵߣĺԨɫޱ䣬ǱʯĹѵǾĺԨıǺҵ죬ôıǺ
ʯĹĺԨԨ
һλڵߣ
ҢҲĿԾݣλԨ˵е֮أѵڡĺԨ
ܼͷԳƺԨȻЩҲ˵ĳֻǣǷ룬벻ھĺԨǱ͸һƲл꣬ҲմȾ˾ĺԨĺ
ǶҲճɾ
һֱͺڿ־֮أѸٵͻҡգЩɱΪ
ܼԨͷ
ȻܹӾĺԨһƲл꣬ң˺֮󣡡ڵߣȻ𾴣Ϊ󣬻طĺԨɱǺıʯĹǶؿ־֮ء
Ԩû֮ǰ˭ʵ
⣬ܼҡҡͷЦ
ЦݣЩ˶ʱףԨʵȻһ˵ǺͺԨĬ
ҲǣܼΪڵһȻ־֮أȫֲԨ֪ܲԨǰ
ǰĺԨʲôطйʲôɾܼͣȻ֪
Ҳ²⣬ԨܳΪȻ֪ǰ˭ΪʲôܼЩˣ˼ԨݣæڼƽЩɵ飬һ䡣
ЩˣʱĲ²⡣
ˣΣ
õİ׹ǣһ˫ɫͫ꣬һٵ꣬ûоʹ𣿡
ǰڵصԨһǣɭ׻
׹ǣȼЩ棬һǣȴ͸ˣԱǺԨĺˣûоϸòһűƽԵ쳣ͻأһڣ㴥ң
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κߣǺΪ䣬ֻھĺԨĵײıǺʱ⣬ȡž⺮ܡ
һǺγɣںԨײ꣬ǧ꣬겻֣ȡܼȡ꣬ǧ꣬ĺܣ
ݲͬһǺܣصĺȻҲһ
µıǺѾΪǧıǺԺڵЩ϶ԣδòϡ
ıǺ˵ÿһ鶼мС
飬ԨΪıǺޱȣȻ꼶
ˣǺƳɵıʯĹУŰ׹ǵɭ׻棬޷Ƶ麮֮
Ҫû´㺮ԨҪģӦǡ׹ߡ
һ仰ûü˵꣬ԵĿڣȻɳɷħ
ɷħ
һĿ⣬˳Ƽɷħ׷׾С
бĹ⣬ӺԨıʯ֮λԳƺԨĹ̰شɷħ
ȷе˵̰ɷħڵĳ
ɷħڣƺʲôΣԸһУҲҪܵõ
׹ǣ֪ĲٰԨЦ
Ԩ֮ǰȻͲͷ
ԨӦҲڶڣ
Ѫ٣ڶͷڹ꣬ѵɣ
ܼ󱳺󣬴Դ½ߣָ
ǶȻΪ˿ԨɷħڣΪԨĵִԨﲻסˣ
ڣЩԴ½ߣԨ˶⡣
٤ħϷĪ⣬һɷħ¶ζĿ⣬һ°磬ûڵǴħ𣬡С㣬֪ıߡ
ü
Ҫ԰׹ǿҪնɱ׹ǣԾ󻼡
ԨͰ׹ǲս³ΣҲ׼
Ѫ̣ų
˼Ⱦ䣬Ժٿ¡
ֻǣԨԴ½ЩˣΪصͽԨֲ񶨣ǶԼ϶ϴѲ˸ϵ

һӰϱΪŮӣ±ΪЫɷħڸ֡
Ȼһ˫ǵͫԱʯĹΪĺԨ
ٺ٣Ȼ㣡ԨХ



ٰ߰ʮ ϴˣ
ǣ
ߣп־֮صĻں¶ͷʱסˡ
ѩĺϰߣ覣߸¡أıȣȻַİòǴ˵УǺӵĺŮ
²֣ЫӰֳС
ҷڵصģЫβͻҫŵģı亮⣬͸ΣϢ
κˣƾðĺɢ䣬һ
һۿȥѩ顣
ٿ²֣־̡

ֺ빬ڣкܶԴ½ߣԽأͺ
ЩˣһͻȻðĺһıƷ
һشر棬ͻȻӺ²Ыڣ·Դڣһͷųܶ˶ᵽ˾ĺԨζ
ˣı棬ԺΪĻҡҷ
Ԩ·ͣΡ
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ΪԨɢݳϢԺûȵ´̤ܵ󶦡
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Ϊɷħĺλɱļħ
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Ǿ޴󺮱֮ⲽһֲĺ籩ʱɡ
ЧģģǿĹ鳲ӿС

׹УĿ磬Ǻ籩ΪǧǧӨ顣
ÿһڣкԨĻӰ֣˺籩ϻۺܣ͸ĺԨĿϢ

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׹ͨµĿڣӦϽڵĹǿ־֮صĳִһ̣Ǻ籩
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ܵĹ飬ȸӴܷߣҲ׹ǵͫ԰׹ǳ˿־Թޡ
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Ԩʧĺ֮˶Ĥʹ
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Դ½ɣû־֮ص˼Ĺѹˡ
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оǣԨȻѡģ֮ʣȡѵĺǲǲ̫£Ң˵һ䡣
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ֻһ磡
Ԩڿ־֮أ΢ΪػɱΪߣɵһܴƺ⣬Ҫ׽ϴ񣡡
ӵص



߰پʮһ ׽٣
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񣬻ܴƺ⣬׽ϴ
ܼһڴԴ½ǿߣ㱣㿴ңҿ㣬㵾첻ѡ
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ԨĹؿڣ޽Ǿ˴ƺ⣡
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ܾ磬Ԩô찡
ԯź벻һеأҲطСء
ֻϧҪȡжʱͿһűĵ׹⣬ͨڲʯ졣
׹׵أһɢ
Ҳֻܿʯ죬ȴͽκΡ
ʯڲ
ڤӵĺϣõԨȻۡ
˫һԣ
ʶСأػڵһʶΪɻǵɱ䣬ػ̥Ϊ񣬸ǧ˿ƵĻϪˮ鲼壬ͶȻѡ
úøᵽǿҵҪϢɱ
֪ܵжҪɱҪ
ҲȫԸ
ɫСأŨ޴ڡ
ң·Ȼ׽ܱã׵ϡ
΢

纣ʱӿǻ߸֮Ѩϣ
һƣ˿ľͷĤѪ֮Уͨӯ
һҫĿĵ⣬׺ڴ˷ضȻ
ûжСأһը죬Ԩһȥͼһ첲磬ð
ңֱüѨ϶
ƾ˵磬ĿģҪʶСأҪɵģ״ֱ̬Ӻɱ
׵ϮǣԴͷһȻⷽС
׽٣
ԨȻɫϸ룬ʱǽʣͷƤأһĵȥն
糺콣âն£أ׵ģ಻ɭȻ⣡
ѣĿһ磬мŵģӨӨڲصУһ糺콣âи鿪ٽСռ䣬һձĹԣ
ͣ
ٵ㣬΢СĹ⣬Ԩϡ
ǧ֮£ӲѪǣǼĺ£о·ĳɡ
Ǽ䣬ԨͲˣϸ΢ѺۣѪ顣
¡
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̳ƺ֪ھһ˲Ϣ˵ͿʼӦеá
ûʳڶŨѪġ̳ȫ
̳ıصشһѪâҫģ֮컯İ澭ע֫ٺ
һ̣ԨͻȻڸ֭ҺУһ̩ͨ
ĿѪ˺ۣգۼ䣬ָ
Ƥ棬⻬Ө׾첻
ֻǣѻҽǳţվһСء
һᾡӻ׵ĺڿ־֮Եǻ㣡
Դͷʶһ
ȻԴͷĵؽ磬޽ᣬôƺѹΪ˷˵ԴͷҲһ
׽٣Ȼˣӭսǣ
Ԩ˺ߣһͷʱʯ촦޾ӿţ·̼䣬γǧٸ΢С硣
ЩС磬طţϸ緢ʵģǧ磡
磬ʯһСš
ɱḶ́ΪڲͬС紩˶ӻ
Ҫκһ׵磬ʶСأ
һ𣬻ٶ룬磬ʳһǰһأϮǰס
׵磬ӱӡ
һΣԨһУԱĵϢһ
ûöӡǣҲб磬ٿ־֮أ
ԴͷʶƮǲģɵС硣
ҲƯڣκһأԨÿһƻ֪С



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ڶ׼ɺӡĹ飬Ѥ̻㣬һشصȼմ
ȻЩȼʩڤֶһͶӰ¶ڡɺӡͷ
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ЩУڤ
ԱߵĽǳǳЦݣأ
ߴ󣬴͸ͳ߰ڤһͶӰֺ΢Ц˵ԨСӣδħʴǣ治ͬѰ
İڣ¶òİĹǽʱйһ֮Եӣȷʵһ㡣Īжȡɷħɽף޾꣬˾̾
ڤЦ
ԴͷǶ֪ԨǰݵκˣκιȥϢ
Ͱۣа˸£ȥѯһЩǺӵĻ
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ۣǰ˸ϵĹ뿴ڤ
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ͶӰֵڤȻһЦԨƺ⣬ȻʹѪѾͷıӡͷųǧ硣
ҡͷұΪγֻ֮ٲ֣ǻڿ־֮û뵽ǣöӡǡǶңĴҲˡ
仰һڶ׷ױɫ
ۣǰλϹ֪һЩĻ֪ζʲô
Ԩǲ򵥣ȻĻŪ˴Ķڤ˼ֻǿڿ־֮ص׽٣˿ֲԭãӦԣû롣
һƽһ𰡡
ڤԼ
ԨħΪԨδܶɹԨ˳ħԺԨƲɵҲͲٶ¡
֪ڿ־֮񣬽ᱻѹơ
Ѫ飬ڴأ޽ᡣ
Ԩᣬɾ͵ޣܵĴѹƣҲ̫ǿԴͷǻ˳˳
ڣԨ޽񣬴壬ԶԤϣһϲ
£׹ǺͺԨ֮սѯʡ
ԨֻСûĻܿͻᱻɱڤ˵仰ʱ˳һв־ĺԨҽΪļһĶ֣
£Ķ֣Щ̡
꣬飬ءڤЦ˵
飿أ
飬ҵ£ǹʱǻ۷ǷҾ֪Ʊػ֤ҵжûڤͷ˵С飬սڶ͸
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ڤڡɺӡڣĿ⣬һ£˵أڻûл˵ʮ㡣
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أпܺڽˡڤ
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Ҳã˸ϹҲգţͷƤ飬ѹ޴
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ݣ
һ糺콣âɳ貵磬Ϊâ
ŵԨʱ˺ۣת˲䣬ָֻ
󣬴Ŀĵƣܹգ۵Ĺ򣬿ȫȬ
̳ںģ컯ĺƵܣ˵棬˵ķ˼
Ԩϻӽ
ÿһնͼһ׳ѵ磬;ٽǧ䡣
ͫУڣҲɷ
񣡻ᣡ
һоעѪԺγɵ糺콣âжôǿ
ÿһţаӿʶСأ˲ӯ
ճɵ񣬻ڼʱڣµĻ
Դͷˣ˴ܸĻֹṩԴȪֹ
ǣȻҲԴԴţ
ÿʧһͻڼʱڣµĳ
Ѫһܽն´Ľչֳ
ÿһնûȻɣͨؾѪڽʱͻڡ
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׽٣Ҳʶȫʽնľ
أһֻ֮ǻӽն磬ܶʼ
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ݵһɷħȥӲӵĹȦ֮ڡ
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Źɷħԯļ٣ָʯ죬ڶ磬У赲ˣ
֪Ļ˼
ԴıӡҰﲻæӶڴ˳Щ磬̲ŵȻɷħ壬ɷħҲǣƴȥҲﲻæ
ԯ̬ȲѺˡ
ɷħһ򣬳ⲿ
һԤ׵¶һֺ׳Ĺкܶӿ
׺Ĺӵһλ̬Ĺ
˹ͷᣬīۣų

ԯһ֪ɷħҴҹΪ˷³һţЩ磬ԨԴ

һ󣬳̤ͼվӲӹȦ֮⣬ؿʯ촦׵ţȻ˵һССߣڿ־֮أ޽ѣ˾춯
ûȥԯûкͶԻֻ
ħڵһλŮޣķۣ
ڵɷħġͼȼ۸ߣһֵ꣬࿴ۣ
ڵɲһӰǱִ
ͬȼļλ׷ڤ£־֮أɲѱ˺͹



߰پʮ ӳ֣
Ԩϻӽ
һ糺콣âƥһ㣬ƥĽ⣬Ϯĸʽ磬һһ˺
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ն´޵ննΪʮ㣡
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նֻն
Ȼ䣬ԨԺһĻš
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ڤڤУһ˻ӽһſǳ
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Ȼ䣬ͷųһſ貵ǳըΪʯƬ
һʽΪն
˵նʵǴ̣
һҪ⴦ֲбѪ߷֮֮󱬿γһֱѵ
һĻնն´ʩչһ΢Сǳ̼䣬ѵ͸ǳڲ
һǳһ֮£Ϊʯ顣
˽Ѫǻ࣬˲ڽâܹһϢ䣬໯Ϊ촷Ѫ
һɣԨ
ȻˡնʱǰżȻġϻն¸ֳ
أȻȻظı˽ʽδƵġϻնӳһ
ʽһһֽȻͬĸͻȻӿͷ
һ
һѪڽںϡ
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ԴͷƾչģһСأЩӱӡϮɱظ
ÿһģСأԴͷ־
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лܹţǱѹ
⣬ҲܸӦ
򣬺һڵϣȥʩչϻնһ
ˣ
һϻնҪΪֻˣ˽ܣܱͷų
ͷһͷֳ˻֮⣬߸ǻѨڣһ˿˿΢Сġ֮ȻҲע롰ϻնһ糺콣â
ݣ
âһڣвдģѪڵͷлѹƵĲޡ
ϻ꣬ϻ꣬ϵǻͷһл壬˼
ԨһȻˡ
һƣڽͨ
ͻȻ֪ΪڳˣΪǻ߸ʱǵѨϣ֮ΪԴͷ;ˣʩչϻնʱϺǴ
ڿ־֮أӳġϻնӳ֣
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һʽҲĳֽߣǺӣɱڤڤʱǧԺ󣬻ҹĥԪף
Դͷʶڴ˷С𣬡ɽٵģȵһʽ
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ˣ
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ԨϻնԺ󣬳꣬׹Ǻͳ֮⣬ĸ鷳

ص
һӲӹȦʯ촦ĳûԯɷħжѯʡ
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ͻȻ䣬ᵽһǿҵоҪǶϿĿֲϢȻʯ죬ͫ˲
⣬Ϣ
ʯڣɢݳϢԨ򡰶ϻնһնʱȻͷųλ׽
һɽڣЯƲķ
Ǿɻ󣬡־֮أأܸǽ˹ϢߣΨ
Ϊһǻ۵Ĺ˼һ£뵽Դͷ
ڤ£˵᳹־أڤ£ܽڤӣܽԼӰͨڤӿԨͰ׹ͬһӪΪҲܵõͬ
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ֻ֪Ϊ־֮ص־Դͷ޷󻯣ԻӰȥֱӶ
Դͷǳϵ֣Ҫбˣȥ¡
ڣƺѡԨĳԨһʽԨӽϴӿ־֮ء
ȻڤкԨȡǧԣ׹Ǵɭ׻Ϊ˻־֮
ԨͰ׹ǷһӪΪܵõ
֪ģӦòʵ࣡
ҡڣջĿ⣬ٿʯ죬Ƶأԯ΢Ц˵ͷ
͡ͼһš
ԯЩܳλλʲô˼

档
Ѫ̵İ磬ͻȻһöյıӡͷ硣
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΢֮ģССıӡġ
ϲأһƻв⣬Ͼ֪öСıӡǺӾӿ磬֮һǣ׽ϮɱԨ
֮磬ɲڱӡڣûá
ֻ֣֮һɻ
ʱͻȻгͷʶ𣬡ӡĿֲħħܺɱ֮һ磬Ժɱ־ִ֮ĹңҲҪۣܰѡ
Īɣ㻹ãԱӡеĲ磬ȥϮɱһյ޽̫ˣ̫Сˣ
ˣûػˡԨ㾿ʲô̬ȣ
ԨǶɹ׽ˡҵ̬ȣĿǰ㣬Ѫʲô̬ȣȨ档
㱣һ£
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籩ͻȻɢߴޱȵĺˣһС
Сɣֻһ׶ߵıʯĹ
ڵıʯĹÿһڴоۻɭ׻ȼա
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׹ǻһ㣬СĹ˸ӱʯĹڷɳȻһ䣬ֱ̬
ɫͫͷһƬںڵƣŤͷԶһɽ
ȣǧ٣һе˭
ǣһ
׹ս



߰پʮ ҿɺã
ǺɵıʯĹǧٿס
ʥϾĻ棬ǴһָͷС׶͸ӿȼա
ǻ棬ޣȴŻص
κԻ̬ˣ񣬻޹ĹŻϢ类֮ڻڴ
ԨļϢ˽ܺ͹ĸ֪УȻ伣δֹһ㡣
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Ŀ⣬ۼڰ׹ϡ
ΡɽԡڰӨӨУһ
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ÿתһ£ͽԨӳճģ籩ıС

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֮ǰڶĹΧסģں֮ɽȻһط׶ӣ
׹̧֣Թǽָס
˲Ļâ֣׶ӲȻҫ
˻â˺͹ֱӣ
κΪտ񣬻йɽöɵ׶ڣᵽһɲͬѰ

һشɭ׻棬ִǿʯĹĿ׶ɳ
ÿһɭ׻棬ȼյĶӿȣǧ٣޲TĹǿߣϸϸ꣬Ȼһشɭ׻ڣԨǱԴϢ
Ԩƺ汻׹ɱ
ңͬΪİ׹ǣǱʯĹڲȡǱԴ׹֮׳
޲Tоɽɵ׶ӣ֮γɣԨ֮
Ԩ˰׹ǣ׹ɽһֱУ
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˵־֮صĹս൱𣿲˵Ԩͺ໥ս꣬ʤֲ𣿡
Ԩôڶ̶ʱ䣬׹ɱ
˵Ԩͺȵʵ൱ںԨˣǺȡʲôͰ׹ȥս
ǡ
ӿ־֮ϽƺƵϸڴ˵ǧ飬ҲǰһĻ棬𺳡
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ͬǹԨôôױϮɱ
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ʯĹһıǺѲ٣Ȼߣ
ʱûκˣȥǺ
ֺ빬֮ϣмλڵˣεأǿû˺ԨĹ޲ȥҧһ麮źá
׹ǣǿʯĹҿɺã
Ȼ䣬ǳĿڣһţЩƣ۵
Ԩ
磬Ī⣬вܼ󣬶ʱͨص׵Ŀ
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ܶͷӶ໥ţܿŪˣߣڲǰй𾪲ѵСӡ
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һȥİ׹ǣĿޱ飬̬Į
УƺԨҲãȡǧҲգûʲô
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ݣ
̻ͨһҡδȻʱֻʻ˹
δһڵĹǰС
̻ͨˣ
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ȻϤġδڣȼĻħ򽭣⣬һλϤŮӡ
ȻҲִ
ڣ棡



߰پʮ Ů
δУһϮذ׳ĳ棬֮ס
ûв죬һͷںڳٲ㴹ڼ磬µߣ޳
ֱĽ޵ˣҲ覴

һյĹڣԴ½ߣ΢΢
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޵ã
һĿ⣬ȻȻؾ۽ϣжǾ档
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棬򽭣ҺͻħмλϢȴΪӡ
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££˺͹עٴԨϡ
ӵصʯ߳ڿ־֮׽ٵԨս񾳣û֣ûչֳ
ԨĴԣܶˣܶֻѡ
Ԩ洫˵ǣ

УһͻȻ׹䣡
Ѥõ߲ϼ⣬һбһĹλԨĹλĹĻӰ͸
Ǽ䣬λĹĹͻһشصɢ꣬Ҫ¾ӿ
ɷħǰһССĻƯţϼ硣
޲T
ƾո֣һĿգƲһСӰ֪ʱġ
ǻ걻޲Tţʹ޲T
޲T
䣬Ŀλʼǰͷǿߡ
°ܽͶڤΪܽΪ޲TƲУԸ߸ϵ԰˵ԸԨȹһ˵
»ĹĻӰ壬ǰ׹ǵ⡣
ԴԨΪ״Ӻ;ڿ־֮أԨһ̣Ԩ˳뿪
֮ԴӦ׹ǣͰ׹ǴͬˣԨʵ˹ؼá
ԨСʦܶԴκιԴСأȥɱԨ
޲TΪʲôҪԨСӣ
Ԩʲôϵǰ޲T˭
ɻ󣬸ͷ
ǰʧ
ͨĹĹŪԨڿ־֮صսΪ׼˭֪޲Tһš
ǰϼ磬ɢĻԨ΢Ц̧ͷ޲Tһ£ҡͷʾʵˡ
һļ𣺡ȥԸڤ
ܽܶ⡣ԯһ˵ʱ֣ȷʵǵѡ㲻ۣǰ˴ϹŹ׼ʵڤܽλۣһһ
ڤڰϸ㣬ʱѰ
ڸ߿е޲TͶԺ󣬲Ųæؽ
ͣɷħԡ
һץУ˰һۣǰλϵĹ˵ɱԨڤԹ



߰پʮ 
Ǻӡ
һŰɫļŶǳ֮ϡ
һǺսһѤõ̻ʢ磬ը׹ˡ
˵أΪһǿշߡ
ڵ̷ɽھ޵ͨطǣ£»ս顣
ս׹ڴˣûսʿʮλ񾳴Χɱ
̷ɽ£һսĲкüͷİǿУһаƴСαǡ
ССǣɣҫҶĿһ΢С̫

ħڵܲԕF֮ƮȻλڣھսǿߣĿ¶⡣
Ǻλ¹ʦոۿţ̷ɽʩչͨУ˲ȡ»֮⣬ƾվΪһУЩӴսһһ׹١
սڣͭˣս
ʵ൱ıޣش֮£ǳڱһΧɱҪȫ
ոգһսڣɳһαǣ貣ܲԕFע⣬ɾȥ׷ʱ̷ɽֹ
̷ɽҪҪαǣȥɱδ͸ıޡ
˿̣ۿսƽʣµޣҲܿ챻ͬɱĴɻܲԕF̷ɽǰ
ǸǣֻаƴСȴΪ̡ܲԕFüͷҵһƻ뱴ڣֻԼƼһ߸ɱʬһҵһƻͱʬûѺҶϵ
̷ɽĵأ˵꣬΢΢һЦʲô
ǰλħڵħ֣һ񣬼սּΪĿ̷ɽòĿ࿴
ټϣڵĳħڵѾԪ̷ɽӲᵡˡ
ˡֱԣӦǹǱȥģܲԕFֱԲ䡣
̷ɽͷɴسϣ¡

ܲԕFɫ΢䡣
̷ɽھڴޣʵ磬ݵλǺӵУκС
أԹģҲôѡ
ڣ̷ɽ
ܲԕFһ𣬳˰Σûʸ֪ڵģǾ߸ɱʬ˭ֽδ
ܲԕFֻǳħڵһͨ񣬾ûʸ̷֪ɽЦЦ͵˵ȣΪλħ֣֪߱ʸΣ㻹˳ۣԸ֪㡣
ܲԕFæ֣ǫѷصл
ʬڤЩ걻λ֪նɱǺʬɢڤйԼ廨Ѱʱ䣬ʬӸռȫƴǸıء
ʬһ־֮أͻᱻڤ֪ڤĻפԼƴʬܽڤһ
̷ɽ顣
ڤܲԕFһλû͸
һƲл꣬ڻɺӡɺ־֮غǧ֮䣬һָ˹̷ɽҲЩΣĿ־֮أشδйҾ֣߱˵ԡ
ѡڤô£ϡǵãҲǵ⣬ʹڤնģܲԕFʵ
̷ɽʱͬա

־֮أ޲Tɸ߿ս٣ɷħƽ
ŻͰĹǰλĹϹԡ
ߵľ棬Ϊ˲佩ס
ͬΪĹʱ۾ͲĶ֣սܡ
޲TΪ˹õԴͷһڤӣʱĹʲô޲T
λ޲Tڿ־֮¶ͷĹٴҲûɹ
ǿ־֮۷ĴڣûɹڵλͰ֣Ҳ˵ܰٷְٻʤ
ο˭Ҳ֪ԨսΣɷħ纮ɷħж١
ûʤգ޲Tļ£ֻǿš
еԨк޲T̸ţԴͷͷŵģһеʶڤʬڽӽ
һԨʱоһѹ
Դͷ˵һڤʬǺʬ϶Ϊһټϡɺӡ֣ڤս»ָ۷壡
۷״̬ڤǰڿ־֮޵еģҲἫ伬֡
ԨֳǽʣͷųϻնڤİâҲδؾնɱڤ
֪ڤδԨѯ޲Tʬڻع飬ҵ罫նɱ鷳
ڤͽлɺӣʱڻĹء޲Tһ֪̾Ҳûáɺܹͨ־֮صڤӣڽУմ󣬾ǸĹأҲסڤ
ֳ֡ɺӡŲƵı£Ԩʶ
ΪҲŲˣԨû¡
ȰɣȰ׹Ǻͺȡǧٵս˽޲T飬׹ʤˣȺǧܣܱڤȥڤ̫ˣҵˣսԻɺȥ
õİ취ԼƲѵأǰս
׹ڵӦþ뾡ǧٺͺȣǧٺͺȵһ־֮أֻܲһڤְ׹ɾ͹Զ᲻һеȥֹ
޲Tǵط
ϣ׹ǺǵսܾԨһ뵽ڤʬǺĳѸضķ
֪ڤۣͨǰ˴Ϲһֱһһ
Ĺ̾ϢһͻȻǬϴˣ
һλĸߴϹԼǻȻץһ޻Ӱɷħķ߸ɭȻһЦצĹ֣ǵӰ˺飬ץһشء
ʹǵӰд˶Ƽʹ
㲢սӢû˲ٻĹλ۹Ů񣬱ǬϵĹϹ˺ɱ˵
ҺڤΪУҲͬ³ϵǬĹЦ



ڰ˰ ˣ
ǬĹεصĻӰǧ򻯣羫ͨħı֮
Цеʱḥ̂ʱڻ춴ʱɿɲĹ֣ʱΪһǹӡ
ǵ񣬸ͱڣĥܾá
ǻץԨ޲T棬Էצڹ֣и
ӰŮ˲֧顣
ӢֻĲл꣬ٴԳཿСӰ
Ӱ˵
һʼȻХȴǬĹ˺ʶһ飬ܿɥʧ˺ʹȵ

ǬĹ֮⣬λǿչĹηֲţڰкХ
εУʼûбڲ͸ɱ֮꣬ѹļơ
СӣǰĲҪб½ˣǶĲطѪ֮ԭٴȱٵ񡣡
ǬĹһ˺һأԨЦ
ϣ£һĿ⣬Ԩϡ
еԨôأһꡣ
ն´Ľʣģָ۽ʣԽԽ߬ԺһԶƵŭӿȼš
ʵû뵽λѷǵеŮԺ󣬾ڤܡ
һĻĻʱ续棬Ժ
½𣬺ʱһʼ໥ӣͣͬӵµ۹ұɨ˹ϵתֱ£ٵȺʱ꣬ɷħ仯ⷴɡ
һĻǲǰ˻ǵһ컲ࡣ
˫ֲһе֮ɫ
ͻȻ䣬ټƽѪûвŽʣɷħڷɳԡϻնڿ־֮ص棬նɱǬĹ
˰ɣ
߿յĹڣһλڵߣԨֳֽʣڳһɷħļƣЦһѵˣǽΪ񾳣ҲȻѪ֮٣
Сӣλҵŭ˵аħȻһģһλһŮʣ½غΪλŮʵãʲôö
̤ɷħ͵ű˵غ䣵磬Ѫɣ
Դ½ͣԿЦ飬䳰ȷԣ໥̸
ܼ󲻷һԣֻǽţѴĺħڣ͸Ľʡ
Ԩֻ֣Ҫ뿪ħܣҪ¶⡣
û֮Ѫǣǲһ㣬ñ̬κ߿־֮أͿһˡܼĬĬ
𡣡
һͻȻŽʣǽʲܼǰ̡
޲T͸ħĻŶڱŭеԨ侲˵Է塣ӦܿǬĹһλ߸عĹϹѰе޽ΪС
Ҷǳ֪Ρ
ңҲûоԵİգԺ󣬻׵
޲TҡͷȰСʦܣΪĥ˺񣬱ʧȥǵس
ǬĹλĹͨ־֮ϵĻشǧ꣬һطͨ
λֽķĹǿϣྫϹµĴýΪóȻ
οԨ
Ҳӡ󲻴ӦһӣҪĨɱҲʹ졣
ʲôû
Ȼܱ侲֪ʲôʱʲô顣
ԨǾǼ㱩ŭ񣬲ܳ˼޲TŵĵأȰϵڶУҪ֪뵥뿪Ҫ󶦻סԯѾͷҲų¡ôҵģҡ
ȥ㣬ȥ𣿡ԯҲҡͷһ޺ĻӰڵԨҡҷ𣬡֪㣬ݼңܹĶݡҲʵ
еԨԯǾ仰Ȼ䰲ˡ
Ǳ־֮أѪΰڱ𴦣ڴˣȻڡ
겻Ͳδûлµִ˾
Ͼû̫׶ġӢǷ棬ж֮
СӣҲǹѪġ
ĹʹδطǰλﴦεԴԳĻӰŻ㣬ҲǣҲֻûɳ㣬ӱԣܵõаħϿɡ
˻νǾնӲǽԨħһ
СѾͷǼڣˣԭ
ǬĹһЦԻûľ֣Ĳлʶˮݰ㣬һһ顣
ʶУԼƼһ㣬ԨĻӰ
ɵػɱ׶ɣػż䡣
ѹʱǼ両¶Ϊ档
ֵǣǬĹȻ˵ĻǼһˣǱΪ˵Ԩ
ǣҡ
ԨȻһã
û뵽λŮˣԼ
ǬĹǷһٴδؿڣ
ҿǸ㣬һв㣿
ڣĻǲһһǬĹЦ˵ϧƺˡںӵˣۿǣ˺񣬿˻ʹ࣬ȴ޶ԡ
˹Ϲҡͷ̾ϢһΪ󸲻ֵı顣
ǬĹһһ̡һˣͳˣû˿ܡԨǿӿԽָλģ̫á

ǬĹЦСӣʲôڿ־֮أڤµϽһСҲҿڳԣ
Ҫƾһ񣿡
УǲǸ˽ڤ£ڿ־֮صҾǣ׹ǣ޲TɱֻҪڤ»ţ¸ң
һЦ߸֪ڤĹϹҲ֮һЦ
˸Ϲ˵Ԩ֪ߵغ񣬶ڹĴڤ
ˣ
ϹڣԴ½ߣ໥ۡ
òĲܼ󣬸˴𰸣ڤȷʵ
ҪǣڤҲڿ־֮أ֪˭ܸ㣿Ԩһһڤǿɱ
ΣΪԼΪԴͷ
ΪԼΪйԼŭ棡
ڤ֪ƼңһϤأǾ𣡡



ڰ˰һ ã
Ԩ˻𣬲ûеõڤĻӦ
˴ϹŲУԨƣ޲T侲ֹ£δյӦЧ
֮۰˵ʲôǰ˴Ԩֵ޶ԡ
һѪĵ裬ȡС
ڶתٳĹǽеעڷںڣǳܾõɱ
ĨĳлֳӰҲٶ롣
ھȫָĵѪԴڤʱܹǿĹƣλһеģĿ־֮ذʧںأǰ˴ۣϣ

δϣڵĳ棬̾ظпš
ͬ˪֮һңɫĮǰλҲֻ֡ʵǽڣþǻ¡
󸣬ڻʱ˪һܻ
γ֣ӽڵδ
ڵ³
米Ѫ̣ڿ־֮ǳտԨǰΪŽڣǰ˴ͰۣҶΡҺǵطֻλŮҳ֮޿
־֮ǰҾ֪ڤѾʽѡ
Ӽ˪УڤһʬǺõڵսִ־֮ء
ڤܺЭ顣
߿յڣ߲ܼ󣬱ϷֲԨʵϺڤиĬ
ԨҲڤͲܼӰˡ
ˣͷĺԨ׹ϮɱԺ󣬲ܼյĹû˳־֮ء
ۣǰλϵĹڤ
ڤڣͽڹȥȻᶯ档
ûǰİ磬ҲᰲȻ
ħڵԯ㣿
ԯֻҪ뿪ɷħɡûʲôԥֱӸпĴ𰸣ݲԺգڿ־֮صػߣǰ׹ǡ׹ǣڤҪУùһ㣬
󾪡
ǵãڤԺȵԨ˺ڤĨɱʱҲҪԨոǰ侲һֻ࣬ˣ㣬ʦŲ鷳ԶҪ֪ʤһУ

ԺУһ˵Ļ棬ʧС
УҲȻǿҵʹ⡣
ոҲôʹɣ
ˣˣ
ͻȻ䣬Ԩ༱ѪСصġ̳Ҳ类ĳְѪ
Ԩ͵ŤͷɷħƽģΡ빬
貵ĹУڵĲܼ󣬳¶һЦ˵ͷ
һ̣ԨǻѪСصġ̳Ȼͣˡ
ͷһ𣬶ʱ̳쳣ģڵĲܼ
ڲܼϣڣһѪֲȻġ̳Ե޹ʵظ
һʼ׹ʱҲɡ̳вӿѪ
ܼ󣡡
ջĿ⣬׽֣нڵλΪһǿĶ֣
ֱҪȥնڤȥʱܼ󽫻֡
ܼ󣬱Ϊ֮µǿκ֪ߣжǿ
ˣ׹Ҫ㣬ңƬڡԺĻȻ׹ǹͨңת㡣˵ַֻͨʽǱŵڤ첻
Ϊ㣬Ȼֱ̫ͣӺ㽻ױ˸֪򡣡
׹Ҫ㹻죬쵽ۺǰλֹҪǰλ֮£ȻƿȻ޲TʱŲڣš

Ѹٵأ׹ǴݵѶϢԨ˵һ顣
գһ˿ԥûԨֱ´öжȥ
š
ڵɷħͣԺ󣬺ƬռĿкƶȥ
һĨĺɫ磬˷Ӧ
ף
Ĺǰ˴ϹԨûͶأŲУսеò˼顣
ǣ磬棬вܼԴ½ߣҲɷħ
ɷħԼ٣Ƭƣ
Ԩ
ƬģԦš٤ħĪ⣬ۿɷħ͵عֽС
ӿںƸܼĻ׷ױ
вϢˣǻ۴󿪵Ĺͷų֪ȻȻɢֺɷħκνӴ
Ǹ֪ģֻǴԨڣͷųһ㽣⡣
˽⣬նġϻն
ǰͼӽԨ޲T£հˡ
ɡϻնĽ⣬ʵڽʿڡ
Ľ⣬Ͽ־֮صĹлС֮
ֻǽѣǿĹһӦѹƣǼĿ־壬ȻʶȤرÿ
Ǭϣֹ
Ĺһ£ƺҲᵽϻնĽ⣬ʱѹܻ˵ȥȥˣпת棡׹ǣҪҪһ֮
ǵ£ǰ˸һŭХ
˴۵̬ȣŴѵһڤķԸ
λϵĹȻһ𣬼æɷħ
ͬʱ޲TԺڣҲ׹ǵڣҪˡ
ΪԨðȻٶİҧ޲T׹ǣһж׹
һע⵽˴Ϲִʱѿ
ǰ׹Ǻڤĳν棡
޲Tʱ׹λǧǰƾУȴûĹʱǧԺڿʼս



ڰ˰ 涹ȣ
ɷħһۣڤİλ£޲Tȫ˳ƶ
ǣһȫ
Ӱ޲Tһǰɭϣ仯ĻУǰλϹļоʱ˺ѿ˷ܹâ
һЦһذչֽ
ϼĻһ߲ʹâ̫Ϊ׵ǬĹ
ǧٵѤϼ⣬˲仯Уǧ㣬ǬĹΧ
ǬĹŭһȻһ߽׾˵ΰӰأͰҡ
ۣۣ
ǧٵϼϮλǰ˺ŮĹĹβƵĽ֮ϼ˲塣
һƬƬѣǬĹһˡ
ڣβ߸ͬȼĹλĹХţʳʣϼ
ҲʹãǬĹʱ佫лؾۣ֮ԭ
˴˶ܿܿؾ۵Ľϼת
ݣݣ
޲TͰ˴Ϲ֮ĻϵرһѤϼ⣬˷䡣
ѤöĿϼ⣬߱׹Ǳ߾ۻǴķ
κεĹ飬ƺܱϼ⣬Ǵ͸
޲TӰվڻƬŨ룬ͼ׷ɱԨĹ
ۣںߺȣб¾߳͵һսҡ޲TЦݣ㣬ǰ˸һգһԿһоţɱĹ
⻰˵ļ
ͶȥĻգųһϼͬʱֿʼƶ費ͬĹѹ
ϸߣ۲ǻƶ켣ܿĶ򣬶ԲͬĹϮֹǰ˸ٴŲΣ޽С
ȻǰǷðȻٴ룬˴һ˺ͱ޲TƼ
Ȼ󣬾ٲǻᣬС
ֻͨлλŮӹðλڤ£ţͷ۲ѡ
ﻹϾȥӦԨԨƣ
ǣͣ
һſڼ𣬾ͱ޲Tһɨ£ڶѹ飬ÿһﲻ
ҲʹãںƸģһ˸ĹЩҲģǰ˸
ǽڣġϻն¡
ЧǰλĹܵԤгֻҪʱðͷɷħͻǽĺɱ
ȴǵģΨ
ҲҲĪҺ޼ֵأڻ
ۺǰ˴ȻûкݣǾװ֪۰Ͱ͵ؿԨǺԽԽ
ʦֶ
ڵߣۿԨƣۿŰ˴Ĺǰۣ޲Tһأļ֮£Ͻʾ
һ泯ԨƬƣĲܼ󣬾һ԰ƣ䡣
ΣֻٴγĬ
ˣ۳ǸΥܼҲֻܹԹԵؼ
٤ħ涹ȣ
·ǰѾ״ĪڵĿħĪֱʱٳһɭɭ쾰
ͼǧͷһ˶೤
һޣһ
һͷͷ쳤ɫĶԹ߬סϣ׷׹ǺţЩק
֮䣬ʵǻǣܣԽس䡣
ȹħĪͨŪƣ׹˼֡
һŷνһӵģȻɷħ
٤ħ·ĪʩչħǿħѲסɷħҪɷħԨһק
涹ȣֱƺΪȣȣ
ڵĲܼص٤ħħɫأĪ־֮أĴֻһ棬ҪľǣΪǱħṩǿ涹ǿħγɡ
٤ħɷħУ׵İ£߶ñĪСϣңħֵľϣԽǰΪһħǿߣ
ֻϧɷħأԨá
ܼ΢΢һЦֵɷħ٤ħסɷħԨУ𽥻ָٹ⣬̤ϾѸ֮·û뵽Ǻӵ٤ħĪĴĥ£Ҳ涹ȸˡ
ںʷУʵ١
ֻǣܶ˵һսҲ𻵵׵ģе飬޸ԭܵġ
Զûʼմģ֮٣С
ɷħ٤ħУȴսܻش֮׵ġ
٤ħǺӵͷʵɷħҪɷħɸںڲʢ
һУܻ
Ī⣬ԭǸӦóһ·أΪħҫǵǸˣ
Ԩǽ򣬶ȡɷħǰ;̹̹˶˼֣Ԩ
涹ȣ
Ѫ̵İ磬Ƶµ쾰·شصӿһȻʼԨˡ
ΪѪ̵һڶӸװĵĿУ֪٤ħ
٤ħֲ֮ƾͷһУͬ˵ȣκαȥ飬ʹĥЩʳѪͻǣͷʣ
Īõ٤ħǽԺһֱûʩչ涹ȡ
ϴΣԨһսʱҲû涹ȡԲŰ˻غȹء
ȹֶķһЩʱ䣬ڳɹ޽涹ȡ
ӦãӦܰЩɣ
Щûģɷħģҡҡλεأʼ׹ûˣѾ룬ҪҪͷűӡĪġ涹ȡϡá
ڵıӡҲƲġ涹ȡΪ֮һ磬Ѿ档һ𣬡ԨҪضȥҲɡ
ⷬ˵ʧź
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Ԩ䵽·ȣӦްԨĻǺѪǣܶ˺ҧɡ
ħӪаȣҲԱ֤ܻȡ
ȥ
Ԩɫûһ˿Ҿ壬ͷһ

ȥ
ڶԯʧʱԨٴظһ䡣

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ˡ
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Ժ٤ħ泯´䣬һǴɷħĶףǧק
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Ϊйûŵصľڰ޵СأһĻÿÿľĻ档
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ĪੲݵأһڵĶڣ֪Ԩͼ
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Ͼ׶Ӱ
ðԺ󣬲ܼſռǺڵʧλãȻһЦ
ħڶԪ񾳴ף



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ǣصִĲ½أڵĿ־֮أⷽ磬츲صѱ䣡



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û˰׹ǺǧٵĺƣӿֻƯ
׹ƱǧƣںȹѾ¶Ӱʱ׹û֮жûٴο˵

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һƾոֵĿռٴβ
һѶڿռʧǰݹ
ԨĿռֻٴһؿռ֪ͨԨԨԸڤĹؼʱȥá



ڰ˰ ֢ҩ
ϮɱԨǵ⣬µĿռͨγɣ򻯻صǣǰĿ־֮أ½ء
ͨѸţֻлصӰȻƯԨͷ
һеԨۣȻ
ۣת΢Ц޲TƵǬĹ
ǬĹһĲȻףԨһעӣһҫĿ
λЧڤǧ֮ãεǺӶĹϹ귺⡣
η壬ηģ֪ʱֵĿռͨ
ͨһһγ½صĻأͻᷢӳ
ײ֣ĪǱħҲС
ȹѾС
ѵصǣ
һˣǬĹĵ׵ĺ⣬ּ˼֡
ڿ־֮صǬĹƾãȻ½صഫ˵ʵȺȹص˽⻹Ҫ
ӣɱȵĻǣѴ֮
ǬĹĻطݸۣ߸֪صĿɲֻ֮С֪ܲӵмǣԨԶһ㣬Ը޲TҲҪԨϡ
һǬĹƮȻ
жԨƬɫƲľ롣
˶ܿԨη塣
ȶˣﻹҪѣ
ĹҲˣйһ䣬ϺλϹ򵥽һ޲Tսˡ
Ȼʰ㡣
һԨջĿ⣬ٴתɺڰħܻ۶ɵţԡۡڲ
׹׶ӣʯ룬ǧٹΧ
ǧٹĻǣֻǧÿһʯͷУ籩㣬ž׹ǵӨ׹
׹֮·𾫸ƾЩʯͷĺһ˿ơ
ʱʱأǸʯĺɫȨȣҲ׹һش
Ԩɫ΢䡣
صͰ׹ϢϢصڤӣٴδԴͷ־
ȹڿ־֮أ
ȵĻǣֻһС뿪ƣһâǣţռͨ뿪
󲿷ֵĻǣǺɫȨڣڶ԰׹ǹ
뵱ȻˣΪúȹȫ뿪ƬơԭںȹУΪңȫãֳķ֮һĻɱҡ
Ԩʱˡ
ɬһЦƺɥԼ侲˼ţȥ׹ǡ
ʱ׹ͻȻٴοڣҪ
һΣͨػһ֪ͨͬ
׹ںڣӦǧٹǺɫȨȵĺʱ˵ôһ䡣
ֱӿڸ֪κ֪κι
ȹû¶ټȨڣڵȴȴ̤ɫħڣȵأϮɱ
Ȼ䣬ԨͲ³ȥ
ȹķ֮һĻǣѾˣԶȥ½صǲֺȣܹط־֮أΪһ壬ָܻ
˵ĺȣԻٴζƣԻǶʩеڶι
ΪҲˣռͨ֡
ˣǱȨڣΪѾ½أΪƬɫħڣֻа׹Ǻǧս
ȵ͡
׹ǣ֪ȵͼ֪Ȼš
׹û˵ȻţΪֻа׹ףԴͷЭ飬Դͷİ½ͨصڤӣкԴͷͨ
ڤӣԴͷ׹ǵģ׹Ǵ˿̺ͺȡǧٵսҲڵڤӵ
׹ǣоԼԴͷĽҲ֪ԴͷѣԼ֪Ȼڡ
һͷԨԺɹѸٶϤ顣
׹֪ȵעתˣӰ׹ǵϣתƵԼϣװ׹ǣʵһֱڵȡ
ҪƵЩɫħţ׹ǵܾ鷢ӣҪѰһӡ
Ԩ˶ƣѡ׹ǵĻվƬɫħ⣬һСɷħһץŽʡ
κͻȻһ֣뵽һ
ͣ
һâȴԨץŽʵķɳԶƬɫص㡣
˻âȼյС̫ҵȼţųĿ⡣
һâ֮󣬾ǵڶ㣬㣬ĵ㣡
âųҸ£ͷ̫ĹԣһС̫ƬɺɫȨڵĺڰħܣӪء
̫𣡡
ףСӼַ̫ôе񡮾ҫ֡
ɣ
Դ½ЩߵľУһС̫׹ڰ
С̫Ԩڵġ̫𡱣һֻ۾
ֻ۾һ̫ɡ
һС̫׹ںڰħһʯǧˣ
꣡
ÿһ㡰̫µߣиɫĻһڰħСأ˲˺ѿ
䣬Ԩֲ
һֻ۾̫˿ֲ
һȻġ̫𡱣ȻƬڰ綼е˺ѣȻû֪㡣
꣬һ˵̫̳Ϊھ޾꣬ȥһ㣬Ȼҩʱżù
õɷħ֮ûж̫
ҲûãЩ̫ôˡ
ڣ˲ı˶Щ̫Ŀ
ɲѰ̫𡣶ͷǿվޣ̫˶ٱ̫𡣡ڵĲܼ󣬸ŵâƬڰħܵĿֲҲզ಻ѣСӣǱ
̫Ҳδ̫˰ɣһ˾ȡ
Ƕ֢ҩˡȹûǰħǺͺڰءǺɫȨͷŵĺɫħܣǷɾԺڰشֲָ׹ڵĹâֻǾۻ飬úڰֹ
̫γ̫֮ȴӵ
е̫ͷŵĻ͹âܹڰħܣںڰأһ̫ҫĹ硣
ܼ棬ԨСӣӴͲ֪һ̫ж档

ƬĺڰأȻġ̫𡱣Ѿ˺Ϊһ飡
̫𡱻ȼգŵâ𽥰̫֮ܺģƬԺڰС磬ֱӾͱȼմˡ



ڰ˰ ħ
㡰̫ڰһ磬ȼкڰħܡ
ڳ˺͹û뵽Ԩķɳģһġ̫𡱣Ȼ˵ز
ʱƬɺȹĺڰأѾӰ١
ʱһ㡰̫𡱵ĻӣǸ޴ĺɫȨȡ
պ⣬ɫȨȣȻƿһ΢С׶
һľ֡
ôһĻǣôһ΢С׶˺ɫȨڲдӿħܡ
Ȩڲĺڰħܣȥ΢С׶ֹ̫𡱵͸ɫȨ
һʯĺɫȨȣɫͻ䡣
ɺɫѸתΪҺɫ
ȹȨȣڲڰħܵķţȨȵƷµҲ𻵡
ڣǵ㡰̫𡱵Ļȼմ
Ȩĺڰħܣڴ˹УҲĵʣ޼
ݣ
׹ǻһ磬΢СĿ׶ɫȨڲ
ǣ
޴Ȩȣڰ׹̤֮󣬶ʱơ
׹ǣ
ȹŭ羪װ㣬Ǹ޴Ȩȴ
һ̣Χ۴սˣ
ȣûһǱ½أʧڿ־֮ء
ţ
ţյزȨڲŻ
ǰڣҾһսɡǧ٣Ҫǲ£Ҳɽս׹ǵĽҲ𣬡ֻûЩڰħܵƺ⣬Ҫǲܳҵķٻ֮棡
꣡
Ǹ޴ĻҺɫȨȣڰ׹֮󣬿ʼѵļ
⿴űǣ棿ҾͲˡ
žžž
һ鱾Χ׹ǵʯ׷׹ڵأʯеǧٻǣݳ˵ӿ
ǰģӦǺħ
δڲ̻ͨĻħأȼ㲻ħߣλҲȻԨԴֱֻԡλ
ɴеˣһ𡰺ħ֪˵λ˭ˡ
ףħҲǽħ£ԴԪ
ǸȨڵĺڰħܣ˴⣬ð׹ţ˵һС
Ƭڰ֮أνĺħʵû뵽̫𣬾ȻƵ˺ħħпѣ˵ħһƣϺȵĲֻǣ뵽½أӦڲʲô˻ˡ
üͷ˵һ䣺СӵЩֶΡ

컨޲TٿȻ䣬ֺԨеĻײԨһ£üЦ˵ȻûҵҾ֪а취ƵǺħ
ħԨ㵡
ǺȣǰӦ׷Īӣλ˺ħ޲TʱɫЩȻȨӿֵĺڰħܣӦλĳڰԨռע뵽ǸȨȣΪһ͸ĺȹ
ڰħܣͷųγ˺ħһµĺڰ硣
׹ǵɭ׻棬ͷųĹâֻûʵĻл˺ںħڣԲͬڻܵĺڰħܣȻ𲻵ЧǴ뿪ģ̫˿ֲҶϲ
ĵأԨ

ŻͥСУûһġ̫𡱣ǰ˵㡰̫𡱵̣ͨ˵㡰̫𡱣ķλ˳ʩϮɱЩٸн
Դİ˵㡰̫𡱣޾ꡱʱ൱ãҲ̳
̫ҩʱҲ
Եʱ̫չֳǷ˼
Ԫ񾳵ףĺڰԨӿĺڰħܣͷ֮γɵġħһġ̫𡱸ȼմȫʢʱڵٺʱжǿ
ڻָǺӰָ۷壬Ǹӿֲ
֪ΪΣһ;һɾɽѹͷϢС
㣿Ԩ޲Tı仰⣬ǿԼȥ
ô𣿡޲TȻһЦƳһ۾ӿǵǧ٣׹ǽǸȨˣûʲôĻȻᲽ뺮Ԩ󳾣ͺԨڱʯĹǰ㣬Ȩ֮ڡ
ǧٲҽȨڣְ׹ǺͺȵĻ֮սתɱ㡣
ͣһ£бۿǧپӿĻǣеĻǧ٣ҾǰֻҪ㲻ȶ֣ҶᱣֳĬ
ǧٹûлӦɢڶʯͷĻǣڻۡ
ʱ޲Tĺʱѡڴ˿֣ǧٻἫΪ
ǧٹ
ԨǱ䣬νġħʧǸ޴Ȩȣʼܰ׹ǵƻѹֵȻֿ࣬ʼ˼ţͨʲôʽɱǬĹڤ
ĻӰǬĹ˺Ļ棬ÿÿͷдʹС
Լ˵ΪʲôλŮôܱ
㵽˭
Ȼ䣬ӵصڤڣٴγԴͷ־
һΣԴͷ־ɻ󣬻һɡڼʱڣܶิӵͷһԶͷųֱӹʶ
Ԩ֪ԴͷĻɣƺһش𲻺ãͻʧȥԴͷκ;ˡ
ܣԴͷñתĨɱ
׹ǣԴͷܵõ
ô£
һԴͷɻӿ롣
ң˵⣡
üͷٴеأԴͷ־ͼ˿أŪԴͷڵɻʲô
κԨɫüΪ
ң˭
Դͷ˴εɻڻض֧֣½أа񣬻иؽƣĹơ
ն´޲дĽ⽣ظѹסѷʱչֳǣ̫ڲϳ
ԴͷͨԼķƶһ˼Ľۡ
ԨΪˣ
֮ǰһˣ
ǸˣִֻصԴͷҲ˿
һתΪ棬ںһδ̤·ûѶûʹǰм䶼ڡ
棬ƺһ⣬ҲǱȵǱΣԴͷö֪
ֻȷţڵԨʵĵ



ڰ˰ ˭
˭
Դͷ־ͨµڤӣ׼ȷر
һƶϣԨ彩Ӳ׻㡣
֮ǰңһ
ԨãȻǶһ
Ϣľʵ̫𺳵Ĳ֪롣
ôܣ
˼ȴһͷûûо˺һбļڻǡ
Դͷ˵أصаû׽
͡ۼͻͲЩ¼ǻأа֪ͷ
һĻĻ棬ȻԺ֡
ڰ޵ͫСأйһӻʣ뵽һ޴ƺ뻹лħԲͬʽ֪Բʱ¼λ޵Ĳл
ɽɵааʶʶ
ȻʶռϷ磬ûбᣬ񻹹ԹԵأ־Ϊ˼
飬½ʱܵĳ־η
ѵ
һֻԴͷǷɡ
ص׵ԴͷƿغֻصڡӺתڵϸڣԴͷһιͨʱ򣬾Ͷ
Դͷ˵κΪˣԱܿ
ֻ֮
ɸոգ˵ƶϳԼƫƫԼĵһҲ˿
ɱ޼Ѱתɣԭ
ҡ
еͷһ͸оԴͷĴڣ޿κε˵Ҳ֪ƶϣ滹Ǽ١ԼȻ֪ûһоеļ䣬ֻں棬û
ԴͷͣõԴͷϿɣɻ͵⡣
صڤڣⷽĵ־š
ãûٸӦ
·ԴͷҲӴ£Ҳ˼ǺεȵĴڣƹأƿصʵʩת
Ԩݡ
޲Tüͷϵͺ
Ԩʱѡ
˵˰죬ôһ㷴Ӧû޲TֵأһۣսûɵɵĴʲô
ôһ˵ԨӦԴͷĹͨûκᵽ쳣
ڤ
Ȼ䣬ʼĲڰڤλ־֮صף᲻֪ԴͷĽ
ˡ
޲TһЦָָǸ޴ȨȣܸоϽڵڤӣѾֹͣͺͺԨһ
ÿһλһɼԴͷһڤӣͻɺԡ
ñȣ汾תԺҲֹͣʡ
Ȼ󣬵԰׹֮½󣬲ʡ
Ԩ˳һͼǸ޴Ȩȣ֪Ϊһؽء
ѵȨڣɭ׻ȼգڷʲô
֮ǰȲһǣ½𣿡ԨͻȻɻ
Ǹ类Ĩɱˡ޲T˵Ŀ⣬Щη壬ϽڣڤӲкˮζźˡֻҪһƻǻڣڤӾͲݽߣ𣿡
޲T֣㽫һֻŪأѵ֪أͷŵϢжôĿֲ
򻯻ظ֣
ˡԨͷ
꣡
Ǹ޴Ȩȣ˵һر飬΢Ժİ׹¶Ӱŷ׶ӣվһѵȨ룬Į˵ǧ٣
ԨĹǰϾӿǵǧٹѲ֪١
ǧӻԼˡ
޲T仰ǻشԨҲǸ֪׹ǡ
ӻȥˣ
Ԩͺսڶʱڣ׷ڿ־֮صʷϣ޽С׹ǣնɱԺսûбڲסǧټӦõ˺ˣ˵ԼɴԼز
޲TһпףǧһӴܣ׹Ҳ޷ʱʱ뿪־֮أӵǷǡ
ǧˣͺðˡԨɭȻһЦʣµģڤİ˸£аĹˡ
ƺǻӦ׹ǵ
ԨתȻְۺǰ˴Ϲ˿̷ɢҲ˷Զȥ
ȵǵڡĹȥʱԨͺȣΪ֮ǽȡΪµĹǵžǡ
󣬰һһưɫɢ
ǬĹ
Ԩɫ䣬еɷħųһ̤롣
꣬˲ǬĹշš
˸еǣԨͷءɷħХʱȻҲŶ
̫ˡ
ڵĲܼʼչעءۿӻüͷǳӣ˵ˡ컯󡯵ۡڸ֮ǰڣ̲ޱµĻ
ܼ۾˵ġ
ҲӴ£ϸ˼Ԩʲôħܹءܸջʼ׷ҡ



ڰ˰һʮ 
ͷ߿գһء׷ԨԵޱҫۡ
ֻǡ
ɷħХǬĹӰͻȻ䣬ԨͷλϹľ룬ԽԽԶ
ڤڤУһص·ſռ롣
ǬĹ֮ľ룬ûô׷ʱȴǬĹнԶǱӳ˰㡣
׷ʱΪŤ죬ҪѣŻµܸС
ڤ
ûкͰ׹ǣԨһͬж޲TϾ
ڿ־֮أܹıռܹпռ˲ƵֻСɺӡ
޲Tû뵽ǣڤȻͨɺӡʩİ˸£аĹݵȥ
ϸܿԨͰ׹ǰռ䷺
ÿһԨͰ׹ǣǬĹĹԶ
ԨͰ׹ǣֻ̾Ŀǵʧ
û̫ã˴ͰĹӰ١
ֹһӣĿռԨž鲻ˬأԦɷħͷ
ڤڻָܽɺӣӰĿռ䣬˵ںԨͺҲлˡ׹ͣ£ɫЩɫ
ԨڤҲȺͺԨǿԼ
׹ǵͷֱߣջ˲ڤΪ̫⣬ʲôҲӲǿ
޲TڶڳĹˣԨͰ׹ǵĻ˳˼
Ԩٽ׹أһ°硣
µĵصףšͼĳ׹ǵǷɫù
˿̣Ⱥӿ׹ϽĸԨͺȷ׷սǧӴܡ
׹Գϵǿ󣬳Խ˳飬غ޲TΪֽĿ־֮أǿĹ
µĹߣ׹ǵ񣬶һˡ
׹Ǵˣ
׹ǴˣԸ׷㣬Ч㣡
Ȼ䣬вϢĻĵӿŰ׹ǵͷ
׹֮ǰĺܶ£ĹɱдģҲϽأЧĹʵٵĿ
ЩĹĹ֤˰׹ǵǿ˾
ҵء
׹ǱͫΣյĻȼģǿʯĹҺڤͬҲҪߡ
밧ĹͫĻ棬׷׿ֻ
ٴοڵûֵİ׹Ǳŭ£ǿһɢ
׹Ǵ˵磬ҼʶˡڵĲܼ΢΢һЦ׹ǹһ񣬡ڴڤ˵ս
գҡڵأתö칬ӡͷţٴλΡ빬
дԴ½һһУӲӵĹ˷ȥ

׹ſеĹ飬Ԩ˵иоǿĶ֡ѪֻҪ룬κһ̣Ĵ
׹Ǳͫһ磬ѵ룬ڿ־֮ش񣿡
⻰һİ磬δе̻ˣڵļλȻɫ

ǿ޴ıʯĹɷħ֮󣬱Ԩȡų֣бĵһȥ
һϲллݴ磡Ȼعͷҡ
ԥһ£˵ȥɡ
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˫ϣҫŹâ΢ЦԨȴ˵
ʱ񣬻Ǳ󤽣һ˹
ԯ㣬û¾ͺáЦŴк
ԯʱ̬Щ䵭˵ͷǳĬ
ҵоֹ֪ڵġ˪֮һǰ˼СѾͷ˶Ԩû⡣
뵽ԺҲΪԨǣʼձ
Ѿ˾ԨΣǱأҲˡ
𣿡Ԩѯʡ
磬ѡеġЦŻشǱġ󤽣֮󣬾һǹڵ財ӡеĽ䣬ᵽһϢâ
Զ˪֮һңɫѿ
澫µСд˲죬˿ԨŵĽʣС˵ݴ磬Ľɡ
󤽣ڣ򽣾Ľ⣬ηԨĽʡ
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˼˪һ˪֮һɫ
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һģʦطע󤽣Ҳе⡣ͷҲû뵽һĽ⣬ȻĻû˵
׹ͻȻ̧ͷ
ӦԨҲ͵̧ͷƼءԤ׵زˡ
ͬһ̣͡ءϵ½·ۼˡĸӺֿռϵҲ֮жϡ
ңԴͷ֮ϵͬϾ
ɫ뵽սʱĻԴͷǹرˣΪ򿪵ķ֮ţ¸½صĸӦ
ʲô׹ǵУҫǻ۵ĹâᵽԾ֮䣬ǳ⣿
Ԩ˿ܱߣԥһ£ûӦ
ոǹˣ뿪ҵء׹Ǳĸˡ
ǡ
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ڵңų棬˵ڵȴ档
ȥ׹̬ǿӲͻȻסңнڵļˣ
򽭲ȻɫûһԥҲ˳棬ϼԦδ뿪
ܿ죬δͲӰ׹ǵ۾ɫ׵İ磬Ǻ⣿ʵǳ
̸̸



ڰ˰һʮһ 
׹ʵǳػģȻҲǳ顣
鿪ڻӦ󣬻ˣֻг΢΢ɫû뵽ڰĽ£ȻǱһλشڡ
Ԩ޲TƽȻ֪ߡ
á
׹ǵЩƮ
Ϊڿڵһʹ͸棬뵽˵¡
һϢ䣬Ͳڰµĳͬһ
ҲҪ̸̸
ûǵŻ޲TһƲɫ̰㣬Ҳ¡
գۼ䣬λʹӵر뵽·ĳСء
ԨֲۣҪ۲죬Ҳ֪صʮ״ڡ
£׹Ƕɵڤӡ
ֻǣڤڣҲӦԴͷ־
ڿ־֮أӦ׹ǣ޲TͳĴڡҴӵص̤һʵ֪׼ȷλá
Ȼڿ־֮ؽΪ񣬶Թĸ֪쳣
̶ȣΪĵػ꣬׵ô򵥡
Ϊڿ־֮أػΪ
ͻƵĵص㣬ԭôҪ
ЩԴͷҲ޷Υ˵ܸġ
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ԨȻԸ
Ԩ
ԯǧ˵
ټġԨҲҪ㣬ȥûŵظ֪룬տһݼҡ
գ޲Tʾ⡣
޲Tᣬɷ˵أеĻԯסһЦǶԵģ뽫λйⷬĥ£ͻƵξӦò̫ѡźܶû㻹ܽħڵȻܹħá
Ȼϼ⣬ԯһš
뻨ڣԻΪߣȻԶ
־֮صĹֻҪںڣûбĻ󷨽һֱͨԼӦڤӣ˲ط
޲TǹԯͳȥҲһϢ
ڿ־֮ص棬˿ΣգͨĹһߣҲ
ʵɽɽѨеİ׹ǣͫԳɫ
㣬ںݼң
䲻أͷԨѯʡ
˵ݼʱ˵Ĺ죬еĹâҲڱĪ⡣
ҳ԰³ǵݼңЩˣСĴҡҵȻϣݼΪң֮֡Ԩ˵
ݼҡ
׹ǵһ䣬û׷ʲôרע쾳ɽ

־֮һǡ
һŲҫϼ⣬ðһµĻ
ڣ޲Tԯ͸Σһܡ
ҫˣ
ԯ֮ɫһ۾Ϳһȼŵ˶ڣһߴĶӡ
һ·˳硣
޲TһЦԯƳȥպͷҫ⡣
Ĵһ£Ƴ̫Ծɫ΢䣬ȻͻȻʧ
ҫȼյĻ߳ӵߺȵ޲T׹أ
޲T׹ǣбæˣҡԯżſڣͷֳ˷ҫ֮⣬кܶϢ˵ǿߣӰ¶ͷ
ÿһߣǻξ񾳵ǿߣھذ
ҫʾ⣬ĬϽ졣
ųڼ½ħгħڡѪ̵ڶ٣ɵ֪ڿ־֮صľ䣬˺ܶ



ڰ˰һʮ ̤ϲ·
ʮߵͲȵɽ׹ǹͨطεض
ÿһɽ֮ǰǱ׹Ű׹ǵľӡš֮ɼɾɽԺӡطصס
ڵصףӡ¾ӿ׹Ǻڤֲֿ־֮ء
ʮɽɢ俪׹ɽͷΧţԳһаС
һɽһڽڶгʱԨһĸо
׹Ͻڣϸ΢ĻǶȻġ
Ͻ⣬κι飬ѿ̽ܡ
ʮɽ㣬ҫŰ׹Ͻͻǡ
Ű׹ǹԨɫĮȻ𶯡
תԺ󣬾˺ص˭
Ϊʲôԭ򣬱Ѻ½أһİ׹ǣ
߰׹ǣôͻƽصķط־֮أУٱİ׹ǹ
ԨУ׹ƴУ޷С
Լãڤͬһʱֽ꣬İ׹ǣصܣһ㲻ڤ١
ڤ¼ԼӴ̽
ɰ׹ЩȫΪ֪ͷŵɭ׻棬ܾۻ飬ѹƹƫƫõԴͷľΡ
׹ǡ
о׽֣Ԩ򦣬˼
ϲˣ
һγɵɽ̬ĹʮŰ׹ǵɽĤݣС
׹Ƕʱʧ٣ֱ˿̣һðͷ
ɽѨеİ׹ǣһɽԶԶ̬Ĺһۣ΢ܶ˲Ϣ
λƵƵͷҾ󣬺ܿɽ
ʮɽѡһٴϴӡ׹һƬӨƮ䣬Ԩǰͣº˵ɣһкô
Ԩüͷе㵣ġ
ڤ׹ѯʡ
˵ͷԨ˵Ҷ֪ڻع;СҪ˶ãǾߴ壬׹ˡڤһǺȥͻָӦģݽߵڤӣҲ˲עˮ
һ뵽ڤڲúִԨͶٸѹ
׹ǣҲΪ¶Ĭ
֪־֮صĴب棬Դͷϲ񣬶Եĸı䡣
ԨҲԴͷټɵڤڤڴˣĻǵ롰ɺӡĹ˳ƽ֮
Ԩͺ˿̵Դͷ
ʱڤһָ۷壬ɺԵڤӣȵȫʢʱڶҪӿ
ʱڤѰǣȥɱǡ
ִơɺӡڤڿ־֮شռ䣬ϵĿ꣬ӶӲֻһս

޲Tȥոͣס͵棬ۼż½ɵߡУھĴޣ
ԯû°ɣԨ
ħڵķҫԹӦӦǡ޲Tʱ׹ϽڵأƱ׹طס
ͷųȥ֤Ȼֳܸ֪ӦڤӣԻԼϽ̽ʲô
ʮɽ޲T
׹ΪǴ˿̵Ŀ־֮ǿǰһʮɽγɴ󣬾ڱϽͬĹܸϽڵĶ
Ūá׹ǵͷ
ڤҲ޲T
׹ֵ˵ͷûлָ۷ǺûΪһʱҲ޷Ͻڵĳ
ֶΡ޲TޣͷСʦܣǴһͶԳҢ֣
ԯڵʱ򣬻ʱû飬ԡ
ʱ֪׹ڱϽĹ޴ӿ̽˼ˣֱԨΪСʦܡ
ƫƫ׹ǵıͫУһ˿ɫ
ƺǶ֪ԨǰҩĴУҩĸˣ޲TСʦܡ
ú棬ѾͰ׹˵ˣұޫhΪ׶̵Ľ޲TЦЦ׹ǴӦң˼ˣὫתϸںעгתΪ˺Ҳڰлһ̡
Ϊˣ仹ʧѸ̤·
ǰʱСҪĺ͵裬
а׹տ࣬Ϊ˵·˳Ķࡣ
ҪǶԲܼ֣Ңֻ˳
ԨԶʵ˵ҶڵλûʲôС¶𣬶Ҳû¶ԵĶ⡣Ҹовڤҵĸо
ţڹؼʱЭڤ׹Į˵
޲Tǲ㣬Իһ£ǱߣΪλڤڤ־֮أǺʱڷʹն´޶֣ڤġ
Եɣ޷֪Ҿ֪ȫԸڤʱ֡Ԩޱ˵һֱûֻ֣Ϊûеһ
ΪڷһУԨͺȵҲǵԤС׹˵ǧûǸ⡣Ҳ룬ڤ뿴ǧҲͺԨǰ㣬ͬҺɱ
ȻǲܼҪ֣ǲԨ
޲TһۣСʦܣһ֣ûлͷ·ˡܼ󣬻ǹڵȫԴ½Բܼ󣬶ԳҢ֣ƿغݵӵս
Ԩľ֪ΪСʦܣԯͳ
ܼڣڶ񣬴Դ½
ԨҪҪڤûǰһЩ󻼣ǰеѡ
Ӵ֮󣬾ͳ̤һ·Ϊνġͽ
޲TҲûͺִ˺ԥڻûʧ޷
ԨȻ˾޷ˡ
ǱߣҵɷħһֱԶԶǡһö칬ӡĹĹءԨָһ򣬡񣬲۳ʲôɣֻҪɱܼ󣬶ÿ

һɽĺΰɭϣӲӡ
ڵĲܼһ£˵ԨԨοң̫γֵĻᣬȴʼѡԹۡ㣬ɱ֮ģͻȻ˼ᶨ
ҢȻʧЦԨҪɱ㣿ƾʲôɱ㣿
ͬ׹Ǻ޲T˿̾ѾѰܼأúԯͳã׹ǻָϽУ꣬ڰìͷָҡ
Ԩ֪Эڤ
׹ǣ޲T
ڵڶ񣬵ǲԨŰ׹ǡ޲TԨһűŵ
Ƕ㲻ˣѡǺҼڴˣȥܼһ޿κΣ̾Ϣ꣬οͱأ



ڰ˰һʮ 
ҫĹУлڴ˵ǿߣ
ǲԨƲԨ
ɰ׹ǣ޲TΪΡ
Ǹۼ֤ˣ׹նɱԨͺȵḶ֪́½İ׹ǹ죬ʵǿʱ
ٵǣ˭ҺͰ׹һս
أ
ܼתƽҩڵĳҢҪռ֪֮ġϵ֮ǲҪģһֱԨġֻ㹻֮ܰʦһö衣
ڵľ棬㻹ҪȥԨȻ֮𣿡
ҢͼıһҢҲЩѰζ
û֪ԺڤֱӽйͨҲû֪ͨλڤ˺ܶܡ
Ʃ磬ڵ޲T׶̵һνޫh
֪ޫh֮ԳΪ޲TǰĳҢʵӹΰ
ޫhʦܰͨģӳ೾ǳҢ
㣬ޫhҲ֪顣
аգ
ҢֵĻǺ򶨳ȣûʧܹںδֻҪ飬նӮˡû뿪룬ǡб̣
˻һ㳷ˣ۾һ
ǰڵĲܼ󣬺˭
εĥ£֮Ӳܼ֣˵ںشʱһΰܹ
ҲƵľ棬һ·߹ˣ
ȥǡܼȻһЦԶ߳ڲߵɽͷҵš


ļŵĿҰɷħХţ΢ʮСһںڹصɷħ
һԻɣͼǱصص׵ģһֻԺĹӲ˲
»ذ׳ȹѩ׵ģȹ壬ʯУǺ档
ɷħĹӶ
Ϊȥļ䣬ѵٶȼӿ졣֣ûлܳ㹻ɷħҡ
ֻ鼶Ļ飬붦ʱ֪һĽݵɷħᵮ
⡣
ֻǸе֣ĪؿʼԤף
ϸһȷı䷢ԨѪǣһڿ־֮¶ʱ
һ೾ļ䣬ƱƿڱεĻʱ֡
־֮ػ񷣬һصʴʱ£ͻĳȹ
ʼԣԼλǣܵٺա
Ϊپۼһǧɷħ֮󣬲Ϊ̬֡
һɱ䣬ٽĳɳ
ɷħĵȽףʵҲ˳ǰͻ˼Ʒףǣʹ󶦵϶ȣ׷
ѵԴͷ
ޱȣ˼ʱ֪Ԩĵæϲˣء

ԨնС
ûرֻ֮µﻥͨ϶£ϣһеѨϣѪӡ
ȻȻأնԻȷϷѪṩ
񾳵գôļ򵥣ûжѶȡ
ϲ˵ǣշʱǻ߸֮ѨϣԶ⸳һЩӯ
ȻֻǱȰ׹Ǻ޲T΢һЩ
ͬľ磬ܿķ羰ܸܵȻǲһġԨԺͶ깵ͨţյȤ˵նҲ㲻ˡ
ǰʱֻܳڲͬա
ڰ㣬ɷħֻƾԼնХľǲй
عأٶȻ޲TһЦͷ˵ܴ֮
Ҳûף֮ʲôԨȻ
԰֮ǺԴǺֻھĺԨײǼĸߴȽᾧ̺֮ڤγɣԴͷڲɡ޲T͡
Ԩĥһ֪ôһ£Դͷѹѹڣ޾ⷽصĿʴ
ˣˣ
ѪСڲѪ쾧ġ̳Ȼ
ȤԨؿȻһۣ˲Ӹ߿׹䡣

Ұ׵ĴأҳζѨѨԱܲ
ͷɥģǶѨԨѨϴһѪ⣬ܼϣĳֲ̺ѪĶ
̤׹ǰܵӿһһҵѪ𶯣á̳ʧأҲѪҲ
ܼѶԸ޲Tء
ҲѶԸԨЦ
ɷħĺԶȻйһٹ˷һԾվڶڡ
ȥö칬ӡ
΢͸оòһˡ
ضСأȴؿ˾µ٣һذ׵ĳȹСӰ񻣬һ˫鶯쳣͸ոµ
ͬʱ׹Ǻ޲TҲأɷħһۡ
ǵĸоֱۡ
ֿûãɷħڵĶ꣬ĸоУΣһɱ䡣
ǣԨĵػ꣬Ϊһ㡣
лˡ
ڶУأлҲ֪ʲôƺڲǰˡȻûԼ临գоһˡȷţҵĸıΪ㡣
󶦣Ѿܼλ÷ȥ
ϵ˵ţԨܶ࣬ڿ־֮صԴͷ뱣ģҲ޷ƵĹ
ɷħǳν־֮أȻҲǡ
֪ǰֻʲôѾǵá
ż临գĲֻûȫ𣬿ǹڿ־֮صĳ䣬
Ƕμ䣬ڤûеǰһˣҪΪ󶦻㹻ɷħ
˵ǰ˺ԴͷǰйӴ
˫ĽӴܲ죬ǰǱԴͷġ
ϣǨŭ㡣



ڰ˰һʮ ޫh
־֮رԵһͼƮš
ۿţͼҪⷽأһȻƾո֣Ȼ߳θߴڤ
ûκ²ڸ棬ڤüͷͼ
ͼͣסһ̾Ϣ

εأӡͼ̤񣬡ˡ
ڤ俴ΪҪߣ
ˣҲͺȡԨһ̧ͷηأӣ֪˵ͼҪеĹͰ׹ƴɱҲ룬Ѳǰ׹ǵĶ֣ο߻޲T
֪㼴ˣҲܸ㡣ڤɫͺȡԨͬҺܿ㣬ǰЧҡҲˣҲô㡣㵱ˣҽΪ񣬻
ԥһ£ЦҲһΡУҪΪ񣬲ܸ
ҡҡͷδؾܻյʤҲðա
ᶨȥģǰ׹ڣԨͨءŪǷ
âϮīɫܶԿ־֮룬Ϊĳ龪²
ʱҲڤһܻʤ԰¾ģڤͰ׹ǵսҲˣʲôʲôɽۻȴʱĻᡣ
飬һ𣿡ڤ㣬߸ϵظ׷ңڿ־֮ڣҰܹ
ʧܹȻ⡣鲻Ըţؾ񣬡˱ҡӦ֪ԴڵҲסҡ
Ҫǵãһ֮ҽΪҲͻزˡڤ
֪
һ̾ȴûж˵ʲôͼڤƤӵ£ɺӡԱӹ
ʹˣ˿־֮ء

ɽ¥
źȺͺԨĹ׹Ǻɱ־֮صĹ̻̲
ЩȥķĹϽڣΪ㹻ǿĹƶ𣬾µ졣
ƬĻ˴ɱս¸Ĺȥ
Ƴģ㣬Ȼ뿪ĹԽԽࡣ
СĹ֪һ־֮أΪĹҪôɽҪôڵص
أ־֮صĹѺټ
һա
һö칬ӡУһСɽͷĲܼ΢ŵ۾͵Ԩɱң
ɷħƮȻǰɽţס
ԨվϷҲ̸̸
֪ڿ־֮㣬ұкܶᣬɱ㣿ܼЦ˵
ϸһ£Ԩƺ
һֱûܼ֡
ԣ뿪־֮أŵһ֮ڣ̤ڴˡԨ֣⣬һꡣһҾʡ
֪ܼɫһ
˵ͷԨ֪ҪЭģĺԨ룬ҪڤΪڤһвվҳֻ֣⡣
ʵһûܼü
Ҳʲô⡣ԨߣԽܼ󣬿ڶԴ½ͣԣԼ뿪
Ԩʲôݵλֿ˵
СС³ǵүɣʦţΪЩ˵޷ˣ
ô뿪ģԨɣ
Ҳ㣬־֮ء߳ȥ㽫ԺصΧˣǺ°ɣҲûãҾͲ㣬ܹһֱڿ־֮ء
ڶµģνɵߣָ
ھޣԼ־֮أܵƺ⣬ߣֻ񾳺ͻξˡ
ԨʱڣͻȻ־֮أǱܻ
ֻǣǡʷأ˸˰׹Ǻ޲Tĸ֦ȻأҪܼ뿪
ƾʲô
޲Tʲô
Ԩûп˵ͻһХ
˲ɿܼԶͼ޲T֪أִƵĻҩڵĳҢͷ
޲TЦӯӯأѤûڣײĳҢ׷ǿľΪڿ־֮أûһܴһ롣
Ң
޲TЦŲ𻰡
Ϊޫhܼ죬׶̣һεĽޫh
˻һڳĺܶߣҢԨ޲TԼȻɫû뵽ڵĲܼ󣬾һڵࡣ
ޣޫhޫhܣҢ
ûʲôܣػ̫࣬ΪһЩԭʧرƻɢʵ˺ֶݳ񡣡ܼת΢ЦȰ㣬ЩߵģƫҪ̰ġ
Ңڻڣײǻ⣬粻ң
ǸҲܼһ޹ʲô
һˣԨҲڶ
ܼ󣬾Ȼʶޫhݣͨʲô
ִֻصģǵص׵ԴͷԴͷƣޫhȻҲӲѡ
˭ܴԴͷ֪ޫhͷ
ڤ
һ뵽ڤüͷ壬һͷԽ
һ룬Դͷ־Ѷ
֪ݣޫhݣԴͷڤعϵӶڤ
һڤһ֪
Դͷڱʱڤᵽ˿Ҳ֪Դͷƶϣ֪һ
ޫhҢС
ҿ㣬ûвǼ¡ޫhһָͷ͸ϼ⣬ڳҢüġ
Ң׻һ
Ԩ۾һҲŨȤһ㡣
ޫhʩչѻطӳҢĻڣѰҲܡ
Ҳ֪ĵҢûв֣ˣʲôʽֶΡ



ڰ˰һʮ ľ굤
ޫhһָͷڳҢüġ
˿˿ϼ⣬ָͷһҢ塣
Ϊ֮һĻ
Ң˱ȼգȻڡ
һöĴָСƵ쵤ҩֵأڳҢԺ֣ܽ⡣
ʱҢͻڵһ̯ˮ
ľ굤
ɷħеԨöĴָС쵤ʱһأ֪Ϊθողܼô˵ˡ
ʲô
ܼ˵⻰ʱԨΪҢʹһأҲϵ
û뵽ܼ˵ǣǰĳҢֻһڡľ굤ƻľķʽ
Ң˵ģֻһöϡĵ裬ûһо
ľ굤Ƚ׼ߣֻҩʦƣƫƫӳ೾һλҩʦҢĳ
һö裡
޲Tü壬Żеһ̯ˮֱŪĴܸС
ҩڵˣһһһһϧֲǲ֪ܼһЦڸоԨĵ߳ҢͰ׹Ǵʱ뷨Ҳжˡ
⻰һЩΪҢ壬ҪͲܼ󲢼սԴ½ߣа
Ǿ벻Ңܹ֪뿪һöľ굤Ӱڴˡ
ܼ£ûֹûǡ
Ǻ⣿
ҢֵǮ㲻ҢǺһİ׹Ǻޫh
ЩˣһӵԹȴŭԡ
ޫhʵͨô֪ˣҲ֪ˡܼ״칬ӡۣ˵ֶһһƮȻ뿪ԺҲ֪ټ
ûʲô壬֪˭ޫhԳŪ񣬿ܼ󣬻ڶԴ½ߣҽΪ󣬾Ͳı¶ݡҢʦǺʦܣһûнΪԪ񣬶ûޡ
ֻҪڿ־֮أ֪ҵݣҪǸҽһͲء
־֮صĹǿߣǴ˼ǿ
뿪ⷽأսԽһҲֺھ൱ޫhΪĺأ˲عӦڤӡ
ӳ೾׶̽ԶûнԪȥ֮Ҳ
λҪǲ֪أ־֮أᱻϮɱ
Ȼˣݱ¶кξ壿
ݣ
׹ǻһĨ⣬ͻȻܼ
ͬʱһشɭ׻棬ЩԴ½Ʈȥ
׹ǲͷˣһݵأǰ
׹ǣ
Щִߣ֪׹ͷŵɭ׻Ŀֲ֮ۼϮҪݡ
ǣ־Ҳǰ׹ǡ
ŻޫhҲû뵽׹˵־Ͷ֣ûһԤףʶأһɷħеԨ
ԨߣǾû취ˡ
׹ǰ֪õͬ⡣
ʦֶ
ͬڵλߣһشɭ׻棬Ʈķʼٸߵİ׹ǹԶԲܼ֣Ҳ
ǿһλ
ңնȺͺԨ֮λֽ־֮صǿھ޹ʤ㡣
οǲܼ
ǶԲܼģһҲ񣬳ŭȣڤںδЩ£аۣ
ʦֶڵδҪǳʲôأΪ񡣡
ãǰ棬ֻڤЯλĹѸܼӰ׹
ܼ󡭡
Ԩۣվɷħڣй۲š
Ҳ֪λ޿ֵδƾʲôеڿ־֮أȥڤͻƹ
ξ۷Ϊöܻ칬ӡȻ
ܼ󣬱Ҫ̡
ǷҪ
ܼҡͷԵأһεı飬ѹ׵ֶΣó¶̫ŵˡ׹ǰ׹ǣ֪ǹڵΪͳߣǿʱڤ
㣬ᵱΪ׹ǣѾڿ־֮޵˰ɣ
ǧ磬Ǻӣƺ׹ǵĶʵһЩġ
Ʃ
һ龧Ө͸ʯȻڲܼͷ֣̬ʯųĿѣԵĹâѤص˼¡
Ĺ޷档
̬ʯȻһ䣬һΪ
տһ֣һƬĻڲӿֳûǵȻ͡ءϢм֮
Ļһ֣׹ǹޫhеĻ񣬶ʱݸС
ܼİ׹ǹһͷײ˽ȥ
һ׹ǹʧĻڣһˮ뵽ɫûзʲô˻
ܼЦһֿޫh㡣
Ļתޫh
ޫhȻʧɫ
ۣ
ɷħеԨһѪܿƵѪСڣ̳תٶȹ죬ظ
˫죬ɡΡ״һΪ
ħ֮ᣡ
Ȼǣǽĺ׼ģħѪ̳
Ѫ̳ǡΡֿ̬֮ǻ̳Ѫ̳лħ̥
Ѷأ䱣ۣмλаħ͵Ǻӵġħ֮ᡱȻڲܼС
ƣܼС
ôһ£



ڰ˰ٶʮ 
̳öɵĻʶ㣬ֱޫhȥ
ɫڱΣһְ˻ĵѹ˵
Դ½ЩͣƬ꼴ݣֹסأҪ롣
⣬̳
ߣ
һ߲ϼ⣬ԼϽȥޫh
𵴣ڤӵľŦ̳ʱȻĪնϡ
һ̣ʱ֪ܼͷŵġħ֮ᡱ
֪еޫhϽߴԨ뿪ϣһһ
ȻŤͷһԨѪ𺳵ʱ򣬾֪СʦܣǺһҲӴ˽١
̳ٽ
ޫhĻʶȻƮÿһ˼ͷپۣǧѡ
ҪϽͷҲ϶
ŵĻߵķݣƮߣڸ߿УãȻ޴ͣˡ
Ȼ󣬾ͼĻŲæأڰ׹֮Ҳһû
Դ½ģոջŵһߣ˿˫Ź⣬һܵؿգƬĻ
һˡ
̳Ѫʧ֮£ס³һѪԨϤѪ̳Ѫ̳£ﶼеġħ̥Ҳ𣬼ֱԼ۾
Ѫ̳Ȼħ̥ţ޾Ĵ䡣
ѪϴͷŵѪ̳ñ־֮ƺ⣬ڡħ̥ı£Ѫ̳Ӱ졣
⣬ܣǷۣħܻ綾֮ġħ̥ؼΪĸʽ壬Ѫ̳Ѫ̳ڿ־֮
ͻȻ䣬ԨΪ֮ǰ׹ʱ̳ƵƵֹˡ
ΪѪ̳
ȷе˵Ϊǰħ̥ŵѪ̳
ڵģɡ޾ꡱġ̳ħ̥еѪ̳֮ͬ
ܸ֪Ѫ̳ͬģѪ̳Ҳ֪쳣
ҲˣܼŻһμô߿ͼ˵ڣҪΪ֧ұۡ
ħ֮ᣡ
ѪգԨҧгݵغĸ
Ūףںƶ£ŰĹˣλκˣһǺӵħ塰Ѫ̳ôܼˣ
Ԩʵһֱлл㡣
ֶܼͷħ̥еѪ̳֣ͷųԨѹޱȵܣ㣬Եõνħ֮ᡣ
ǽĺףħ֮ɷħ֮ͷųһһ֡
㣬ᴩ֮ߡ
ħ֮û⣬ԶѹǽҾ޿ܵõ˵ҲɣĹڵһλʿ뿪ǺҪٻڤµİ˴ӡ
ãڵڤ̬˸ı䡣ĬˣڤΪ־֮شδֹĹ񡣼ϰأԭڵʿһֱ𾴡ǣߣҵħ֮ᡣ
ܼû˵
ڳˣⷬԵĻ֪ŷʲô顣
ڵıƽڶǿߵӿ룬ڣҲħ֪־֮ؾͻ䣬ҪⷽͺϢϢصأƿС
ڤΪһѡ
꣬ն´Ǻӣشɱڤģǡ
ڣҪֲڤɹģҲǡ
ǺڤͨǱ¶ͼ֮󣬰˺䱣ǸСͬˣħ֮ᡱǺλø֪
ȻڵԶ֡
βö֪۳ɹأڤİ˴ļ˿־֮أħ֮ᡱҲڵȡܴ˻
־֮Լĵأֻлξǿߣ治ܴƺ⡣
ܼ󣬲ǵǻۺһǿǡڻξ۷壬ֱٺʲѡ
ˣڵǰ־֮ظڤ
ħ֮ᡱҲڵڣڿ־֮أ޾׹ǣӵпԺڤּۻ۵Ҳܶڤڤعء
ǸˣҲǼˡ

̳ĻȺ󽫰׹ǺޫhûƯܼͷһۣŲţұֻ뿴šʵû취ǲ㶯ֵġԨ֮£ҵħ֮ᣬһΪлġ
ˣˣ
Ԩħ̥ŵѪ̳ɢħ롣
ħȺʱѪϣһѪĸо
ѪڣѪˮɴľѪ۶ɣޱȡ
סˣϵس뿪
ѪأǰѪ̳С׼ס
˫ȻɺѪǱܼ˵ʲôѻȻ֪һͷɫӰġħ̥ȥ
ݣ
һ㷴ӦûǻϹѨ
ԨɫӰʱɷħҲʧ
ģҪҡ
ܼεأʧɫӰڣŶ¾ӿԴ½˵߲ߣʲôҶûʲôӰ졣
Ѫ̳֣ˡ֮ߣ˭
ʦֶ׹ǺޫhԨڵ̡
ˣҲڴ
Ƕ֪ˣһʲô³
ˡܼ΢΢ü̳ڿ־֮ڲ޷Ĩɱ׹ǺޫhǱʱסѡסǣΪ˸ڤȡʱ䡣
Ԩ
ܼɫ죬ǿ־֮صĹѪ֮٣Ѫ̳ܻܲţͿԼıˡ
ӻ֣Ȥأʾ˸ø
ڤǱߣڵʡ
ڤָ˳ΪҵˡܼĿޱأ̳Ѫ̳ϣԨҪңٺòˡ



ڰ˰ٶʮһ 
ֲܼһɽ
λԯӰվͱڴרעԶǰ
վǶԳһ羰ܶħڵˣеá
ħڵķҫһ鰵ʯϣһӣĬ
գвپ粻ȵĳħˣڸ󷽣ʱԯʱʲô
ٽһɽͷħħʹġħ󡱾ͣţʮλħߣɢɽͷ
ɽ£иϪۣϪˮɽһֻ޴Ļɫѻɹ̫
ѻԣ£һЩ߼塣
Сߴߴûûˡ
ħͳħڣλǿ߾ۼڴˣԯĵطһ͵ĵؿӡ
ؿӵĵײʵǿ־֮أ޹⡣
ԯѾ֪־֮ʵݵ£СΪ۹Ľࡣ
ոҵ̫潣úܶ˾ò
ʱʱأһλǿĹǵؿƮȻȻħͳħǿڴˣһ
ڣħͳħڵˣЩ뿪Ĺѹᡣ
һӣʮͷĹĹĴӿ־֮뿪

ҩڵĳҢǵؿ¶һ˺ܶעĿ
ԯҲ˳ƿȥ
ڶĿ£Ңɫ糣ԵĮ˵׹Ǻ޲Tǰ³ǵԨ˿̸ϲܼˡ
⻰һ΢΢ɫ۷׷ס
ڳҢǰ̻ͨδ򽭡ңг桢ҵȽڵߣѾȳˡ
ҲͣƽͳԼȻԶȥ
ͨ򽭣棬аˣЩ½ˣ֪淢ʲô
Ң˵Ԩ׹Ǻ޲TȥҲܼʱԯʱʲô
ǲ鷳
ҫڳҢԶȥ֮һ̾˵һ⣬ӦҲ֪ˡһʱ򣬲ûз²ˡĴ֣㲻Թ۶ѡΪˣħǱҶܸ㿪ѡ
Ҳܼ󣬶Դ½֣ͽȥҿɾ˵ˡ
ӿ־֮سͱ϶Ϊһԯ飬ûĸ֪ҫ󣬷ҫͺħˡ
ԯ
֪ԯ־֮صĥ£񼴽ٽһξʱ͸ԯˡ
뿪³ǣҲû꣬ԯǽڳΡ
ħڵطȻͿ죬Ҳܹڶ̶̼ʱ䣬ʹ΢Ҫξġ
ҫòϣɵħڵŮˣ츳Ҫߡ
ԯʼѣ˵ܲԕFǵصôԸΪԨԯ׹Ԩ
ϣû¡ԯǵ˵
ԯʦãٺ٣֪㵣ʲôûҢ˵ǺͰ׹Ǵˣ޲Tһ𣡰׹ǴˣɱȺͺԨ޲T飬ڵĿ־֮أ˭ǵĶ֣
ԯСһ㣬Сͼ˳ħڣҲԯϲϲһһʦá
ҲԯˣԨǱҲʲôԽУƺԯΪʦãʹһ㡣
ܾò̫Ծԯü
ĵǶԵģԸܼ󣬿ûôסҫأܼʦȴҿǼһ̬ԲܼġڣȻŲܼȥһ߰˳ɵİա
ǼһıûУ˲ܼһͽܣȻھƽˡԶɽĻѻˣزһ仰ܼ룬һ㲻ţҿԨҲ
ͻȻʼ
Ԩʶô˹ƻˣȻʱûкúôţĪаħΪ顣
еļˣ氲д
ʱ
ҩڵĳҢͱںԺһֻɫȥɫ˵ҵһ桮ľ굤־֮ص޲T׶̵ǰνޫh
ҪҩˣȻֻڣϢޫhݡ
޲TȻ
ħħʹӡħ𣬡ҢڶʦСһ㡣ҿ֪ĵһʦһֱ𾴡
ٺٺ١ѻֻعЦû뵽û뵽ޫhת޹޵֮Сޣȥ·Ҳע㣬ޫh͵͵زҩڡ
ħʹǻѻЩ¶š
ҲΪǶԳҢʵû̫øС
ֻ
Ңһ鲻ˬǽɫֱӾͷˡ
˺ܾúܾú
Ȼ䣬дԴ½̴ӵؿӰ·ݳЩߵһ뿪ըģ׳µϢ
ܼǲܼǽħ֮ᣬ׹ǡޫhԻħ̥ûԨ
ʲôħѪ̳ܼնˣ
Ļѻˣſڵص̬͵طҡһ䣬һݸɱţأ֮ĺߣߣڼȻǺӣҵ˺䱣ȡѪ̳Ϊβ˵
ħħʹҲΣ
ҫҲȻɫ
ԯһګګ

ĹϽ
ڵĲܼ󣬹ɽ£ûһͬ
дԴ½ˣɢˣ֪Щ˿־֮ҾѶ͵ڤɢع顣
ǿЩˣȫӿ־֮뿪
˿̣ɽұڣţɡħ֮ᡱѪ̳ż̳ĵħ̥
ħ̥УԳԨӰ
ܼͻȻҫĹâ



ڰ˰ٶʮ ħ̥
Ԩǵڶν롰ħ̥
ǣ˺ڰ֮أ̥ǳѪ̨̳档
һУֲͬ⣬ӿ纣㣬Ԩ˲ңѪʧ⣬졣
ͬѪ޻˿ħħĶϹǣ׵ۣǺĳڰıƬ
ǧٹֵҺ⣬ڡħ̥ƬɫӰؼ䣬һΪӻҵĵط
ңεĸܣһҲȻͬ
ϴΣħ̥ںȻ࣬ÿһʵ١
ˣħ̥еĸ಻࣬ÿһֶãȵһνʱӿ˼ʮٱ
ʱ֪Ѫ̳Ʒ뵽Ǻħ̥ӦԺǺһ
Ӷɼֲ࣬
ҪǣѪ̳ܼһ֮
ˣѪ̳̳Ѫֿ̳ãҲܽ󻯡
ۣ꣡
ڡħ̥ڣţһ¡ɷħ͵³һѪ
ǿѪһѪݣ롰ħ̥ٶڡ
Ԩɫ䡣
ɷħڡĶ巨һα֤ơħ̥ܹڡħ̥ڴǣǿ
Ϊɷħʱʽƻ壬ʩ޸Ӷ͡
ʼʩʱ֡ħ̥е⣬纣һϯ
籩еۣѹܲס
ôһܶѣѪอ·ҪһּҪĿ¸Уò֡
ǿĴʹüͷϸһ£Եɡ
ɷħڡħ̥ڻãֻǣڡħ̥Ǻӳӯֱ̫ܼ࣬пƣһáɷħͻᱻܼ죬ӶԶܼ޵˲עڡ
ԡɷħǣ⣬Ȼȡʺġ
вܼĲ֣ȡ͵رǰٱ
˿񱩵ȻԲԻˡҪǵȴģ˵Ѫͻǣħ̥ڵ
ô죿
һȻʶЩƮԺ
ɷħϵƬɫӰʱҲͻȻʧˡ
Լ䣬֪ɷħĶ꣬·̳ѹš
˵ġħ֮ᡱֿ£ǽĺףͨɷħӡħ̥ûЩ⣬ǿɷħΪڶСأ⡣
ڣ˲ܼԺȻʲôˡ
ڡħ̥ҪɻȻּѡ
壬ǱҺ궳סӬ棬ӡ
ء
Դͷ
Իǣȥͨ½صӣϵ־֮صĵص־ɺܿͷֻù
ɰӿɵġħ̥һۻ֮أĿ͸ˡ
ĻʶҲƲħ̥ͻءԴͷɾϵ
أòϣȫȫסˡ
ѪСص̳ԺҲȻذûȥһ˿Ѫ
Ҳףħ̥дѪ͸඾أǺڵʻһ¡̳óȻɼ
̳ɵģǴѪܲӻ綾ǣ
ҪǽЩۻ֮Ҳ̳ᵼ¡̳תͣӶƻ̳졣
޲ߵԨڡħ̥зԣѰѰ취
硣
ڵĲܼҫ⣬ܿͲˡ
»ָƽЦЦԨԨҲ̫Сˡûư͵롮ħ̥ȻǾã統ǽɣ
Ѫ̳֪꣬Ԩڡħ̥ʲô
ԡɷħǣԡɷħһۻ֮أӶˡħ̥ص⣬붦Сء
Ҳͨħ̥ԨǶõһ顰޾ꡱ
˵Ԩһν롰ħ̥νǴȫʤض飡
ΪɷħĶ֪ġɷħд󶦣Ǻӵʱ򣬾ܺħѪ̳⡣
ΪѪ̳ɱġħ̥ǡǡԱɷħڵǿԡ
ٹ̵˼룬Ԩٴμħ֮ᡱħ̥ʱԨûƴû統㡣
У֮⣿
ܼЦЦҵʶÿһΡɷħҾһΡȡһɵ⣬ܴǣҪһɣƫƫųɣʮɣǾͲˡ
Ѱ·
ţֿ̳һݡ

̳ŵģõİ׹ǺޫhһŰ̻ӵĹ⣬һ߲ϼ⣬̳͵س򡰻ħ̥
ǣâϨλȻû
ڿ־֮أ̳һ԰׹ǡޫhĻϴԴͷķ񷴻
Ӧڤӣ᲻Ϲעӿ׹Ǻޫh
̳ʱͺñȺԴͷһս
ԴͷִֻصĵߣֽԴͷÿһ춼ڸǿ
Ϊصķǿߵɼţ˵
̳ԴͷԿȥսҲѰ
ԣܼð׹ǺޫhԨһ롰ħ̥ʱţڤָȫʢʱڵ
ڤԷϿ־֮عصɱ׹Ǻޫh



ڰ˰ٶʮ 
ݵһ塪壬翵ɽۡ
ͷڣµ氲ͱ£ɽСۣԡ챦˼ǧ̻
Ǭ½½Դ½κûб߼ڱεأ۵ס
ھ۷ΪɽϵֻҪսһȽףԪִҲûޡ
ǣжԪһڴˡ
ĺأ⻼˷صԪ񣬴ںδʲô飬Ȼġ
ˣ޾һС

һռ϶ֺĴ˺θЦţͷ氲ǰסƣֽڵĿռ϶𣬲ŵϹ֣ԨǱ㰲Ž־֮ذɣ
Ȫ۹ĵǹ󣬾նС쿴ݸ氲ޱأһۣҰŽȥġ
ԨȥûͰ׹ǡޫhһȥԸڤκܺ档
յõϢ˷ڿ־֮һ¼ɻ
ȥ־֮أֻϣܹͷ񡣡氲һ·ҲȤϵڿ־֮أҲڳ˴ķˡ
ȡԨս룬ǧٱ
氲һ˵ţһ˼ţ졣
ڿ־֮صģһľޱ䣬·侳һĻĻ澡յıζҪϸ
氲ܽһ䣺̻ͨᣬЩһȡĴºŲ
˵񣿡Ȼ
氲΢Цͷ
Ϲ֣㻹Цĳһۣ˵Ȼʲô֪Ӧͬ׹ǺޫhԲܼ֣˿ѱѪ̳Ľ׹ǣޫhҲһˡ
ʱˡ氲̲˵
Сӣ½صĻأ񶼴Ե֡ӦҲϣڿ־֮س°ɣγ
Ҫ֪׹ǣǱѡѡ氲һָ
ǰСظֳܼһ칬ӡһְ΢ǧ򱶣Ө͸ġħ֮ᡱڤͽء
ִƵġ챦ϣܿһС
־֮أֻҪϺķѵһܶ졣
Դͷ־ڣͨ챦ֻܿʲô
ܼȥڤˣαɫ
׹ǣǿ־֮صĵ־ѡеĹڤڣħѡĹѡ氲ı飬ͻȻϾ̤Ϲ;ЩˣеĲڤ׹ǣء
عκȵ
ԣԨȻţͲҪżΪʼڡ

ɱˣ
ɱˡҪɱҲ֡
ڻС
Ǿָͣ۷
ĹأܼڤһԻ󣬾ĬسĬˡ
ʱڤ뽭ڵɽ֪еʲô
ܼǰšħ֮ᡱű΢СԨа׹Ǻޫh
Ҳڵȣڤع飬ڤȥԸ׹Ǻޫh
־֮شĹأȥս̳Դͷνս
Ҳš
ܼһ𣬾ʹüĵʶСأһʶ뵽ĵġħ֮ᡱ

һӰڡħ̥ƾո֣ⷽӵ磬ӿĪ⡣

кһͼ롰ħ̥İ׹ǣޫhӲͬķλƶţԨǰ
Ԩ͵ǰ½ɫʹĻڣðĲܼ
ܼ󡣡
Ԩֹһͼ׹ǺޫhֱճĹŰţҲŪ˹
ޫhĻǣڻڡ
ʢ߲ϼ⣬ѱħ̥ʴۻ࣬ޫhĻǿ֧ţʱԾĻһشӿа
׹ǾӨĺ֮û̡
ħ̥⣬ƺǺһ¹Ǳۣɽ
˫ɫ鶯ǻ۵ʱ𻨡
ֻһۣԨ֪λ־֮أֽǿĹ˹ʴ⣬Ҳʱ޿̵أšħ̥ĸݱǵĶأǺĿֲʡ
ȻãЩԲס׹Ǻޫh
磬棬ԯѹܼȥǡ
֪ɽлƫɽУµĽԼ
ţ׹ǺޫhҲꡣ
һѡ
ܼһӰڡħ̥ߺһٳע׹ǡޫhǵܣʱӦ١
׹Ǻޫhͬʱ
ԨλΣܼǻӰΧţһע
˶춯
Ϊ׹ǺޫhҲԨһ㣬ֶζԹѪ̳ڣ⡰ħ̥棬һ취û
ǰĲֻܼһĨӰʹĨɱˣҲ޲
Ȼˣܼ󣬾˵ʲô
ԵƬ̡
ܼôһ仰ԨͰ׹ǡޫhֵȺһӡ
ƺ˺ܾãҲƺֻһ
һ䳲ͻȻ롰ħ̥ת˲䣬Ԩа׹Ǻޫhڵλá
䳲Уεһű¶Ůˡ
ӰģļΪڷ䳲ۻʴʱ˵ѾˣΪλҪңǶԲܼ
䳲ڣǧ΢СĻӰ·ãݳĻǡ
˭ǹءܼ΢΢һЦԨܣλķ󣬾ڵǧٹ
ԨȻǧٹ
ְ׹Ǻޫhһ㶼ʱ֪ǰķǧ١
ֻǣȿģڶʯǧ٣طˡ
ҺûϸˡǧٹһҲǷʲôҪ˵ǷҲǷҵġ
ǲͬǱҷڴˡ㣬ġܼɫϿңȥʱԡڤŵǼֻܶ㣬˭סǧ٣
ôһ˵ǧٹĵ⣬Ա䵭һЩ˵˵ɣҹʲô
ǿ֪ںδܼ
һ˵أ׹ǺޫhĬˣǧٹ룬Ҳ֪ںδ뵽һطо󡣡
δܼһ
½ء



ڰ˰ٶʮ صĴ˵
½ء
Ԩؿǰǧٹ
ע£ǧٹģݣϵرãһ쳣崿ݡ
쵰üëϸƤ𪣬۾峺ǴŽЦ⡣
ģȴΪ֫ޱȵϸβԲ̣ͦ¶Ƭѩ׵أǸ߸߹š
ǧٹʵʵķġ
ò崿ĻԸУ߽һˡ
СӣҴ㡣
ڷ䳲ǰһ⽫¶ڵġħ̥ûʲô⣬ͷ磬ơ
ӯӯһյ֫չŵĻȣе˫Ϊ׳ۡ
Ƭصۣͨ㵱еõλĽУĸˣΪڤŻ㡣
أ½أһǱӿ˺ܶħва͵ħǿ
ǣҲѰҶԸڤİ취֪شڤλǰ½أԲŴ档
Ԧŷ䳲ԨǰףֱصԨ
Զ㣡
ޫhһǧ٣ҪǵãѾǷˡǰһףСʦܡ
СʦܣǧȻ
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ⷬ꣬һֱĬİ׹ǣڤͬһʱĹñҸ˽
ԨͲܼĿ⣬˳׹ǡ
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ԨͷĵֲòܼǧһŪȥء
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ʱԨûнӻüͷ˼
룬½ǰʮаħУ᲻һλأ



ڰ˰ٶʮ ־죡
ԨֱعпܣҲ½ǰеаħ֮һ
ħʣк۲ͬӦܰѡ컯󡱣½ء
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ο˭Ҳ֪Ǻӵͨڣ᲻ͻȻܳڵǿߡ
Ԫ񾳽ھ뢣Ȼͨٶá컯󡱵ܣʹ٣ҲҪԲ˶ߡ
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ܼ˵ͷ͵仰ˡ



ڰ˰ٶʮ ڣ
һϮҰ׳۵ĽʵɽƮ
񣬿ãƸһ˴
壬΢С糺ɴܣʱšüͷʹ
վɽǰڤֻøߴڤޱȵΰ˰ҵ
ڤĳԣܼ󿴵

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Ըģ㲻𡣡˵
ԣԹԻȥڤߴ١
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ǳЦ·һŮʲôɵģɡ
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ŮӺò׽񣬵һȥǺʱơ
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ڰ˰ٶʮ ڤĴԸ

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ɺӡڣǧǧĻӰ䶯ţŲΪܼµУѹſ־֮صκ쳣

һұϣԨ½صľϵʱϿ
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֮ǰкͬһʱĹֻԼ
ڤĴԸҪÿ־֮أɺڣħһ㳬ȻȻӴڣ
ڵһͳ־֮أͬʱĹͬҲԴڴˡ
ǰλϵĹеıĻҪԶ֪֮ͬҰģϿ
һİĹ뷽跨־֮أ衰Ѫ̳ǺӽڣִǺӣǰλٻ
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ʱڶĻӿɢڰ˴ĹԣҪ֤־֮صȨǨ
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ţһһӡԨ˵
ȥ֮أ˷츲صı仯ЦʱںħӦòߡ

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ҺԨлҪ˵׹ɨǧٺޫhһۣû飬ȸԻԼءһٴαչһӣڤЩȳ֮ҾӦǹ񾳽ˡ
̬Ϊ־֮شδйĹԷˮ򵥡
ޫhǧȻʶȤأͷҾԹԴһϽ뿪
ȻȻأǧٰѽҲһߣ£ɢ
ܿ죬ԲﷶΧԨͰ׹֮⣬ûһʶĻ顣
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׹ǽһط׶ӣԶͼ׶ӻΪһӲӵĹ磬ӻֵأϽ
Ԩ֪׶أ±׹Ρɽ
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Ԩ˳ǣԳһЦӦҲ˵ˣҲȫģĺˡǰңҩ棬ֻת˲ӣűɰ³ݼҵˡ
ڤڤ֮Уע׹Ƿ·ЦͫУâһһģĲӣֻꡢػٳûй۳ɹǳ˲ӣ㶼ݼҵԨΪϵĺˡ
Ԩһ˼ͬĹȷ
⣬֮Ե֡׹ǿɫοݼң֣֮⡣ߣ֪˭Ҿעһ
ԨЩӡ
֪аϭһݼ棬Ԩе㲻ӦദʱЩн
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ڣͨĻؾʱأһƾɹߡ
˽յİ׹ǡ



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ԨʱģʲôĻ
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ĸףаڡȼǾнյƣԾѪΪͣ
ʱ׹ݼҺаϭ֮ĹϵаڶȻѾ͸ˣ
ԣһĸĸΪľ
ݼҾûүү⣬Ҳֻм⣬Ϊ֪ԨֲֻԨ
Ȼһ̣֪ĸ׵Ȼ͵ըˣ



ڰ˰ʮ 
侲
ޫhüͷԨֹڼĻ״̬ǧ嶯аڵλʩĿľҪյ㣬ӿ־֮뿪
׹ǵǶƻڣħֲڤĴơ
Ԩǰϵİס
⣬ԨͨأһռͨĪ
ĪⱳħףԪ񾳴ޡ
ԨȻڣħĳﻮֵףʱһ뿪־֮أؽΣء
Ҵܲ³ô¡
ϵľԨԼ侲ԺȻֳһĻȼյĻ档
ÿ渡֣ؿڶĵʹ
аǱߣ֪ݼҺаϭйأڵа˰׹״ӣС
ΪֺףҲ󻼣ԶáȼԼĸĻǣԼ̤־֮ء
ֻҪ뿪־֮أҪȥĸףȴľһ֮֡
ʹͻƵ񾳣ֳɷħǽʣҲȻûпܺаڿ⡣
οаǱߣװ֧š
飬Ĳ뿪ʱ򡣡ޫhȰǶԷ֣ҪȥҲֻ֪ҪȥҽӽǶȴĻʲô
֪
ͷԨް㣬ɽͷıأʱųһе׺âܸоȥܻɢ
õȰ׹ǣ˳ؽΪ񡣡ޫh̾˹ӦûΪĸ׳ͷϾݼҵϱ
µˣԨһ
߰ǰаϭݼҵڡޫh˵ͷȻ˵ˣתɹ֮޵Ԫ񾳡ǧڣɾԪߣôҺĥһ£󵹸꣬ž֪ˡ
ز³ˣޫh³ǧٹʱҲˡ
׹ԼҲûٿ˵˴չس޵񾳽磬£аݡ
ڱչأ޷Ԥʱҵĵǣ޳ɹʲôˡԨͷ۲ѡ
Էѡʱ򣬵Ȼ׼ıչء˾֣ȫΪ㡣ޫhҲˣȰ˵Ԩ侲
ʹʯĶҲȥԨðʧ
Ԩ飬ڵϣ겻
֮գаǱֶáȼһĻĻ洫Ԩܸ֪λó
аɽ£һаĵط
Ȼаڣ˴˼Ҿĵط
ваڵĳϺ͵ӣǬ½ʱһЩòŮӺӣЩ˾һֻûмͻƵĿռ䣬аڡ
Щˣͱа
һĸף˿̾а򣬱һλаڵĴʩͨѪԵߣаԼӦ
գ㲵Ԩجج˯ȥȻһجΡ
جξ֮һ亹ͻȻһǵľ
Ҫȥа򡣡
ڶڵޫhĿᶨ֪ܲǣ֪ʲôһҪȥҲȥҪˣҽصһ£ħڽͷ
Ľᣬħħޫh˼ţ˺һӣ̾Ϣһһ˰ɡ
Ϊ׶̽ݣҲعˣʱ뿪־֮أпνҩڵԡ
֮ڿ־֮أ˺ѶԸ
ӳ೾ҲãڵĽҲգھΪ־֮ػᱻѹƣܱɱ
һȥͲ˵ˡ
أҶ뿪ԨҡҡͷһĿ귴󣬸ԡ
ɵʦܣ˼ҶáȼˣϢݣֱΡޫhһֻۣҪȥֻҪԷٴζа˲䶨λ㡣κΣ𲻵Чġ
һ֡Ԩ
֣ޫhһʲôİ֣Ԫ񾳴ޣҺ˵붯氲аǶδعáΪʩߣȻõаĬ氲аҲλ֡
ο£ǣס
Ԩʦ㣬㶼֪գͱͽˡ֪ȥ˺δأΪʲôͺá
֪жΣգޫhҪһԨжԸ
УҷҪһ𣬴˼ҹͨڤӣֱӻ˱ǡޫh˵ģȲ㣬Ҳġ
˵ɣԨȴ֪֮ݲܵġ
Է壬нƷأĹ֮δЧ
ȳȥ˵
ԨȰ˵ˣֵĸ׵Ͳټ֡
һˣһһ˼ֺǸ̬ĹｻһǹӲ߳־֮ء
磬ơ
Ԩ



ڰ˰ʮ Ǻǿĺǿ
ɽۣһЦݵķӣ֣к
Ԩһôڴˣ
ӼǶϢġߡȺͨ쵺Ļƿߣ۷ޣ̻ͨᶼһ
ҲΪֹԨӴ̻ͨȨߡ
һޫhѡģһˡ
Ԩô벻ޫhһȻһʱӡ
ӸߺʱЦɫ֮䣬ûһ;棬·׼һ֡
ңǴ¶档
ΪߣҪľϢֿͨ죬һڵĻƳһޫhĵЦ˵Һÿࡣ
ʲôˣޫh
Ϊˡӿɥ
ʲôϵޫhһͣ㣬ңûཻ̫
֪˼ġǶǿɬ
ԨȻָָӣָָޫhʶ
ֹʶӰ̾Ȱ׶඾سƫƫõĺܶ඾ݣ棬ҲǾ֮֡Ȱô꣬Ҳûɶá
ü۵ķӣԹﱧԹţжǰ⡣
Ԩʱôһˡ
ǰΪӵޫhȻ÷ӰĽ˶꣬ӣƺԷӲð
ӣӦֻһԸ
ʦ㣬㴫ģһ£Ԩζ˹֪Ҫȥ˷ӹ
ϻȻôڶԴʱ򣬾ûôǫˣСӵţȻ鴫һ˿־֮أĹ˶ɡ
ָʦܵġޫhü
ЦǿĲǲ֪ںδʱҾƳһ㣡ʱҿɲ֪ʦܣõҩĴУҾֱΪȻμ⡣
ұıûУʶˣǿһ
УУȺʱҾͺܹûŵʱҲøСӣݼҺܶ෽㡣Ҫǲţ
ԨҪǻģʵʵ˵ҷӶ㲻ɣ
ԨüŪۡ
⵹ġԨ˵ͷ
üЦ͹ȥһӿɽ̵ָϽޫh㿴ûƭɣԨأҲ֮Ե֣Ҳ֪޲T֪ʦԨԴҵԨ˳ۣ
˵ЩͷԵģһ֪ʲôޫh˵
һϵЦݣʱ
ɫ࣬һ£˵ҽǣȥа򡣡
Ԩޫhֻǿ
аڣһλảޣڵľΪаӼ˵ҷ̻ĵ伮ҵ˼¼ả˼ָҩݣСȼ
ảаĹôһǵõ尵Ĭ
Ȼа򣬶Żս̻ϢǣǰʵѾع飬аڡ
Ϊһ֮ھڴޣһаڡ
尣Ԫ񾳴٣Ȼѣ氲ûһʤ㡣
尣аڻǿţֻҪаֻҪ¶;޿ܻ뿪
˵һЩаĲ֣аս
ޫh֮һԲֻǿԨ
ˣϣͨӵѶϢԨ֪ʲôϣԨܻת⡣
Ҫȥа
ССһԨаԣôĴĻǣҾȻЩԨűӣԳЦЦ
аڣĸ£Ҳ⡣ü
ʱ
ռ䷺˲һѤõͨƾɣȻ顣
տռ飬͸ͨԨǰף΢Ц˵Ϊڿ־֮عͨңЭնɱڤ
½صһռ䣬˺ܶ׼
û뵽Ԩûٴιͨأûϵ
־֮ط飬ˣԨ뿪־֮أͨʱӦԨѶ˹
½ڵ˵Ѿ׾١
аڣһảޣнĸ׻ǣԡȼҳԨʱȻ׽Ҳʲô㾫ͨռңܾܲ
áЦӦС
ûһ䣬ûȥ˽ảҪʲô
͸ɴأһȴӦˡ
Ӻޫhʱ㶡
κһͨռߣܵõ𾴣οǰλ̻ϢԿռʶѽӽˡ
Σ̻ͨпռ䴫Ĺߡ
аڵ尣ҲǶԨ
ӻ˵ļһΪ塣Цɣаڵأ󶯸ɸ꣬е鷳Ҳ̫ǡ尣ʲôảƺ˭
⻰˵Ŀνǿ
ޫhͷˣˡ
ԨԼҲһ±ơ
ȥаڵأ尵Ƥӵ¾ˣֻе鷳ƺ̫ѡ
ôһ£
һЦǺǿĺǿ



ڰ˰ʮ 
а
ʯĹڷյƣµảüͷֹһ䣺֡
УƻϨӰҡҷ
谵ĵã͸Ź죬ʯԿһͷͷħаͼ
Ϊảɢ޳û׵ǰƯȺһɱӣ顣
ֶΣƫƫаУ
񾳺λɢޱаļаڵĿ䡣
尶֪֮ảҲ֪尾̣Ժ󾳽ͻƵĿɽ
Ҳˣаں󣬾ͳĵһ
Ƿ蹷
ܴܶ鲻Ҫ尷Ը尵ͼȥˡ
Ʃ磬ܶǰڶϤ³ǵݼңа֮󣬵ݼðͷߣ᲻ؽ׷ɱ
һݫiһ
֮ԣûнݼȻţΪ֣Ѫ̵İģڰտݼҡ
Ѫ̵Ѫڰ³ǲ£ԹһΣһʹѵʵࡣ
뿪³ǣ뿪µ۹ݼˣзǷߣ⡣
ʱ䣬ݼͻȻ˲űѹһðһݫiòףѹסݫiͷǴӣȻֺճˡ
ảأڣģĻӰ
Ԩ̫ͻȻ̫Ѹݡ
ûü׼ͷԨأ񾳣ҵõ־֮ذ׹ǵıӻֺ氲йء
ǰżȻ֪־֮ڣԨ㺦Ī⣬ס
һʱͼͨĽԨĸ߳־֮أյаնɱ
ţڵԨҲ尵ĸ󻼡
Ϊ˲Ԩֺ尣˳ţֺħĶףֱһٶá
֮Ծ֣ΪٴζáȼʱԨķλ仯̫
ʱڼ½ʱڼ½Ϸ׽ȷ
ʼɣȼǲǳʲô⣿
ȻĻΪһʱڣԨķλǧ֮Զ
Щķ߳ʯãƮȻϣԶһаڵȺɽаƬȺɽӡ
壡
аһ¥ŵͭȻ졣
ảɫ΢䡣
һһӰЩŵ¥̤ٸаڵˣǵļҾ죬ãȻĹˡ
аᣬضķʽŲ
˿̵һʾ
ߣȻ˽Щ

ảĻ纣ˮ˷͸ͼҵѽа򣬴ʾ˭
ˣаڿЦ
һҰảģһ¥Ȼ
ͼһӢΰӣЯò绨Ů죬վ¥ĸ̨˫磬ǳаȻаڲ˶֪аҲаڵһ֣
´Ӻζºаȶͷ¶βģҪᡣ
һảһ
Ľ裬񾳺۷ޣھֻһ֮ң
ϲռòŮӣԷսả߳ݡ
ĽĶʦսǺӣ͡
λ겻ȥаڵɽţаʱҲảܾûˣҲ֪ʲôʱġ
ĽŮӣ껪綼ϡã츳Ѱ
һảóĽ費ҵŮɫĶûõĻƿҲۡ
йảԤĽʱЩİ
ϲ鲻ϲĽ辳ߣʵǿаڵˡ
˵Ҫұ
ĽһҲûảһۣͷųһ齣ֽһξѪעУȥ
齣̼仯һλ˵ȹŮЦţả¥ȥ
ả͵رɫĽ裡
ʲô۾ϹߣĽһ񣬡ΪҲ֪ͷʲôʩչȼĶһ㶼СҲ㰵У˭Ļġ
ảϲһҲϲả
ݣݣ
ảͳĽˣӰһȺأǻʯó֡
յϨƣģӰںảĻӡֻ΢ԨĸĻǣͻɢ
ȣҲȲˡ
齣ȹŮһӨӨĻƯһͷ
һڰĳۣģЦݣảͳĽ裬Ųæҽܣҽ顣
һͷһȹŮԳĽ˵ảҪһ
ָյƣŮ꣬Ҫȱģ˵
飿Ľϸһ£ҡҡͷû֣ʲôɵˣ
ảҲɫ
ڡ΢Ц
Ľảˣػ˲佩סˡ
׹
ڵĻع飬ⷽҲڲˣ۰ԺݣںħҪĳްԡ
ڣڵţ˶䶼ʹ
аڵ尣֮ǰǺӹΪڵһλǿԷش
ǱɣԺϵȺ壬Ϣָˡ
񾳣ھ˵ڵÿһجΡ
ڣ
ảЩͣһյƣȻ׽һ磬Ԩѵйأܣ̫ˣҲû뿪أӴڵˣ
л˵ۣ˰ɡ



ڰ˰ʮ Ԩ
Ľ
ǰԳĿӣżɽأ˵ڵݣƺ֪Լааڵء
ڵˣѾôأڼ½ˣ
ûнħ۵ף
Ľ辪ǣȻƲľΪ
ĸо˷ˣǾڲѪԡ
۷ΪȥǺĥ£ħҲͲǿ߽֣ƫƫĸоǳࡣ
ൽŪģ鵽ʲô
Ů˭
Ľüͷһ壬תƵյƣģݵĻӰ
ͬΪаڵߣСûаǰ·ҵảܱȵġ
ֻһۣͷֱƵӰͬһ˵ꡣ
Ůû˵粻ߡ
һŮӣֵả󶯸ɸ꣬ϧķģԼĵУáȼ
ȼʩ˼ҺĲľ޴һСŮϣǲǴСˣ
Ԩ֮ĸảεࡣ
Ľ迴͸飬ảƲУҪĽԼͲ
ԨĽˣʱнԨĸףУаںƺûʲôްɣ
Щ飬ѹҲûͱҪảһ䣬˵ҪԨȡĽѣΣ
Ľɫ
ЦЦأả̫׵ɣ
Ҳ֪ʲôΪҲţɱҡảֿ죬ЦյУҵĻӡڡ˲һͷͷŲˣҾ𣡡
ͷ֪㣬ҲӺ˵ֱӶ֡
еĴ룬ԨСảǿӲ

̾һȻˣҲû취ֻûԨˡ
΢
һ룬а⣬һߺ𣺡µ۹³ǣԨ
Ԩ
ҲаڶаڿֵȺУʧС
϶Ԩ˵Ǹ
һźĸߴӣŮӵ϶ͻȻ£ǲǰǽ󣬶һޣ𣿡
Ӧˡ϶졣
ǽĺף飬ƿ飬شͷɥػعаڡ
Ϊᱻ˳Ц
ȴû뵽ŹѾһʵ֤
ħغѱ䣬Ѫ̳죬һľ£ƲˣԴ½ͼ½ߣ˸߰˰ˡ
϶ֻˣûȥһӳã˵ʲô
˵㹻ڣ
úʦԳ֣ȥ̻ͨ߼۹޸Ѩϵĵ裬Ȭ
Ȼøͻͽڶ̶̼ʱ䣬Ҳ
ڵԨ绹ԸһȻڡ
棬ŲŽ
ʯڣûả΢ЦţĽ
Ϊ˿̵а򣬳Ľ辳ߣһаڵͳݣảı䡣
аоܾĵ仰Ľ͵شӵСӽа򣡡
ã
˴𻰣ſƣȥӭԨ
ܿ죬һµԨаڶĿע£ڹһˣ̤
Ȼ㡣
϶Խڶվںܶаڵ˺ͼҾǰһۣ̾þò
϶
ԨҲе⣬û뵽аǽ򲢼սսѡ
϶һֱӡ̣ҲûʲôУΪ϶ش𻵣ϧһӡ
ϲ㲻ȬҲ˵ĸߡ
Ԩڵ֪϶һۣжϳս;磬ˡ
ƾһ㣬Ҫ˵ٶȿ죬㡣϶һû԰ǽҾ΢ֻѡˣǱߵ飬Ȼа
Ԩǣǣ氲Ϊ飬ӦϢ˽֪
ǰڿ־֮غͰ׹һаڤɣںħıʧһ£Ҳ¡
Ԩ֮׹
սѣպ£϶Ϊӡ֪ڵĲܼ󣬶ڿ־֮ʧԺԽԽãԨǿµ˼㡣
ֻǣ㲻Ӧúúڿ־֮ش
ʱðȻ̤ҹ䣬Ѱ
϶ɻ
аڵảǰнĸǣԡȼҹԨĿ⣬ɨڳˣͣǸʯãа£ˣҪҹ
϶Ȼɫôܣ
ãһ㣿Ԩ
϶ʱ
аڵˣԨ࣬ը㣬׷
ȼжôаڳ˶֪нԨĸǣԴавȣảԨʲôⲻĳޣ
ʶأҲǻʯжʺš
Ҵȥɡ
϶ԥһ£Ǳ߶ȥʾԨϡ
Ԩ޾ɫС



ڰ˰ʮ Ա
Ԩ
϶ֹ
䶯һͷˮ
а̫ͬ࣬˵л⣬ǶһƫаֱԨĺ
ȰԨ뿪аķλ
֪ǻʯãһλ
ֻǾãԨͻƵ񾳣аҲֵô
ˡ
ԨؾûǷȰ˵Ų˿ͣ١
ߴ϶أɴش·

϶޿κΣִˣҲֻӲͷƤ·
ảаĸϣΪΣ
ѵảɢʱݼнⲻĳޣ֣ҼǵảûʱȺһ
˻ˣ
аڶˣԨ϶ۡ
ɢ޳ảûΪаڿǰӯһ֪
ả޵񾳣Щаڵߣả࿴һۡ
áȼԨĸ׻ǣԨаڣĵɻ
ô£
϶ͲҪˡʯڣ˳ĽۻԨԼɡ
Ŷ
϶ڵӦһָָſڣԨС˵һ䣺Сġ
ֹأָһ򣬸֪ԨҪаڣѡǱߡ
ϧһ⣬ԨӶ
һ룡
İĻʯãյƣڵݻӰ
ӲʶСصģĥһĻ棬ȫȻһ£û
Ԩ˲Ͷ϶ǶԷʩչȼĵط֪յеģĸ׵Ļǡ
Ũɱʱӻɢ͵ضả
ảӰ簵ҹħ֣ӰյסֻҪκ춯ͻɢСӣ֪ɷħҲ֪ǴסƣܸҺͻӡ֮ľϵ
ԣñȥԡ
ֻҪҿԾ׸УҾͻĸ׵ĻǱ𡣡
аảе
ʱԼ֪аڵɽڣһĿ⻺գаעŴ˵ض
һ˲䣬ˡ
Ұ³ݼңаϭĺˡԨˡ
ʲôӢΰĳĽ裬Ԩⷬ𣬡Ե棿ݼңа᣿Сӣſڿӣ
аֻһϭ
аڵʷϣһɸԳаߣֻôһλ
Ϊʱ䣬Ԫ
аʷϣҫĿа
ĽĶʦ尣Ϊĵӡ
аʱĽĶʦаϲ߰ǰʱͱаΪһѡ
ȻаǺӳ֮ħ׵֧£
ĶʦҲа󳾣Ϊһսɢ
ҲˣĽһֱ尲·ΪаڵˣȴƯ⡣
ΪʦӦǵа֮
ĽаϭԼʦԶ尲ð֮ˣȴҰס
ţ³ǵݼңȻаϭĺˣʱ
ả
Ľˮ˫ҫݼңȻаᣬнԨĸǺ⣿У㾹ȻҶʩչȼ
аĺᣬ˺أڣаħΪ飬Ȼǵĵˡả˵ǣĽ裬ҵΪΪ˺أʵ㣬Ҳ֪£Ҳʹף
ףĽ趸Ȼ
ảô˵ԨУ֪ݼаʱžͲ³ôһˡ
ĽݵаһԪ񣬾ǺǿεĶࡣ
Щ꣬Ӻܶ˿Ҳƶϳ˲ٶ
Ҳ֪Ԩĸ׵ĻǱнһ졣
ảλļаڣҪảȥһЩ棬ʵһЩ顣
ааĺˣ
⣬Ԩ͹϶ûż뿪ĶԻ
˭аĺˣ
һߣ϶ֹ̲ס׷ʡ
漰аκаڵߣע
ԨͰ³ǵݼңаڵĽһаϭĺ˰϶ȵ
ܰģֻôࡣ
ݼңаϭˣ
һʯǧˡ
аӵܣϣ϶ⷬڣЩˣ׷׾ӿảڵĻʯá
ааںܶĿе
аʱаڱڵĳħڡѪ̶ǿΪԪʱͷŻȥһʱսס
аִаڣʢʱڣÿаڵߣⶼֺ
̼䣬ảڵĻʯãͱΧˮйͨ

ʯõʯţһλһ飬ảŭĿӣֱӾͳ˽ảĽĻǣݼҵϱôĹĺ˶Ҷáȼ
ả蹷ǲǲ֪Լģ
ˣǷˣȻ֪ݼҵˣ֪ݼаĺ㾹Ȼ˺
Ⱥ鼤ܣ
һʮӰ񾳣лξ
Ϊ׵Ŀߣһλ񾳳ڵߣа̵ả£ݼаᣬ̲סˡ



ڰ˰ʮ а
ʯãӰ㿡
ʮ粻ȵаߣảΧסָ
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ͷɷħԨʱšа󡱵Ŀֲѹ
ʱ˵һ˵Ǻǿصǣȴû˵
ڣǽţڴ
֪飬Ƿ߱ۺаΪ



ڰ˰ʮ 쿪һ
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ȺɽµһʵɽɽڵϪȪ̶ȸ˿̷·Ӧ尣Ϊ件
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Ԩһ̧ͷ·𿴵ããƺ֮ϣһõĹo
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飬ԨǣǾǺصǧ尾岻ɪɪۿ쿪һһͷͷħǿߣ͸Ԩ춴㣬ӿаڵȺɽ̬ױѡ

аˣվֱӣûսѪߣڰֽС
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ΪảĽԨĸĻǣԡȼסķʽԨ
ɢảбӻ尣ףǵа˴ٵĸԵɰ
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벻ףΪССһ̽һζף尵ֺãô͸а֣֮

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Ԩ׼ʱע⵽ӿƬȺɽħǿߣȻûеһʱ䣬аڵ˴ɱ䡣
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ע⵽ǿģħԣЩηаȰ˵š
ɷħڣҲǵأаڣƬȺɽаƬɭ֡
ǣóϤǵأȥǵɡ
ֻҪǲ󶯸ɸ꣬Լ뿪
룬Ǻɱǡ
һִħǿߣϵ侲ȫѹĵıѪ
𣿡أָƬȺɽԨ˵ǣȾǩԼߣ汲ҫġԨ֪ʵڣԼ񡣡
尣˻аԭأˣ糷ɡֳַΣյƺ¶ֺƤЦأ˵аڵľַںδӦ֪ġŶˣ˲ɱ䣬û¾Щ£Ϊ˸ѡĻᡣ
ͣһ£Զ
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Ǽ䣬˵
ҪҰػˡ
컨ޫhԻ̬Ԩɷħţа£׼ԨΣʱ̲סˡ
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ޫhɫ죬Ҳ벻ܹһأ˹ĳ档
ڣҪĴںϣ
һԨڡɷħڣͻȻҡħ󡱣Żڰֵħʹ
ħôû
ͬڼ½춯ص쳣ħǱߣûо
Ԫǿ߶ԣһ˲Ϣǧ
ħ֪аڷʲôô̵ס
ͻȻ䣬ʶһѾ͵ʵ
˷أڣħ׵ĻԻʱǱˡ



ڰ˰ʮ ħ˲
ħԪ񾳴ޣʮ֮ԲȻܵԼ
εԼ
ȻͬȼĴڣԺ൱߶ȣĳһǡ
ںأڡԶǺӡ
ڷֵȼǿ߶ԣʧȥ塣
뵽Ԩʶأͷտգ߷·͸ռ䣬ͶעڲȻǺӡ
ƺԪǿߣħĴħ峤ĳ־ؿźݡ
һСء
磬氲챦˼̻ЩΡϴڣҲݡ
ħڵ۷ǿߣ˸Ӧ
ˣмɵǲںڲһԤϵս
Ϊ漰Ԫ񣬻Ƕսܶأɲɻָƻ
ݴ磬ҲĹ
ڵߡ̤Ϲ;ߡڣõŵߡħǿߣ˶
ǣԵĬ
һͷԨԺӹԼ׽硣
飬ӡ֤Ĳ²⡭
ǣλħħʹħλںڰħʹԴӽΣ΢΢⡣
һԲأԦšħ뿪
ħ뿪һԵѶš
ͻȻ䣬аڵȺɽаգİ磬һ֮󣬷·ĺҹ
һɶصĺڰڱ죬һء
ｮİ磬̳˺ҹ
аڵ尣͵ؾϲſҪĳɵ֣ת˲ͻȻ졣
ڴأڰա
Ⱥɽڴ˵ħǿߣһȫĬɫأűɺҹա
һ֣ѹֵҪϢϢӺϴ
аڵȺɽȸޣڵأɪɪ
Σ飬컨ޫhһ̣һһϾʶħ֮۵λעĿ
һ类ڰûֻħһž߱
ħ̴Ц죬ϵԪ񾳴ޡ
Ǻأ۷һλڣǺֻƽƽڵҪĲǿߡ
аڵߣ׷״ͷޱȳ羴Ĭλš
Ϣѹ£ȫĬ˵ǻ飬ֹͣУԲһľš
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һҪı飬ҧҧ֪ˡ
⣬˵ͷԨ˵ߣȥɷħڵƬȺɽɷħˣԣƬȺɽ㡣
΢Ц˵ˡ
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һѣΣʵĸоججģ·껹ûȫ
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˵ģһͺڲĴͽ׳
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κԨһ㣬κ飬ޫhͬ£·϶ͳĽĹĿУԦɷħƬȺɽȥ
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ͻȻһͷԨԺ֡
尣ھϵƬȺɽϵа飬˵أǨƵаԭɭ֣ս
ڣѾǿ󵽣ܹħ˲ĳ̶ȣޫhƮ뵽ɷħڣ֮Ԩ磬ʦܣʲôʺ˰͵ɷħӵһУ
ԨЦҸǵˡ
ף־֮صԴͷ²Ǹ飬һġ
ĵһͭ޹׵λϵõġ
ԣܵõ飬ε˵İ
Ȫ氲һλλֻҪڳϹϵ˺ҲλķԸﰵӦ

һ飬˵ĸ׵ġ
ģֻ쳣ûʲôȱʧģɷħڣеǶĻǻָ㲻żһнҡ
һ壬ɷħǰĴӪ
ڻ



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һֱĸ߷壬ͨҰףľ
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˵ɷħ˴˷֮ǡ
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ȻͿаӿһͷͷ̬죬űŰԹޡֲ;µɷħ
ЩɷħĽа飬ƿţˡа󡱵һ֡
˿̣ħ̴ЦķԸȸЩɷħɣһܵػع顣
»ع鵽ɷħ塣
ȶеɷħ֪˶ٵȽף
ԨͻȻˣִ˿̷ݶɷħԶԶ߳ڿ־֮ؾӿģٶǵġݵĲΡ
ĻҲԺ
ôߵȽ׵ɷħ˲˴󶦵һ֣ɷħĵȼдҲѸ
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ΪԷѪ̬û飬֪ޱȡ
ɷħҲǻһ֣ڿ־֮غԨһҲۼʶ࣬ܿжϳԨջɷħ࣬Ҹʵ
ɷħԨôǿɷħ󶦣ԨǾ߱˹ף
а飬ӦǷɷħаںġֺ΢΢һЦӣа黹ǲɷħаֻɻɷħãƺ߱
Ԩ¶ɻ֮ɫ
Ц˵еɷħǰⷽصãͬа飬ҪǿĶࡣ
ôһ˵Ԩһ׹
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ǣɷħڵЩɷħа顣
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ԨĿ⣬ջأյƣУӦǰȫģԷ
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˵˵һ
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ıϣ˫Ȼߵһ
ƬȺɽΪأصһ̻ͨᣡ
ǰͷ㣬ɢһϢȥԨһúͻȻԺܿü½֪Ԩҩĸˡ
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ӳ೾ҩڼ½ӰһͽҢ˶ܶԨѡʱ͸¶洫˵ĵӣʲô壿
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氲йν氲Ԩչˣٲ³һ㣬Եǲֻ֣ǣӳ೾ܶࡣǣ˵ҩ棬ĩ˺ܶ£̫á
˼ԨɬһЦǲҪһǻĴͽ׳أҩĴڴҩȻ۵衣
ҲǣӦǵ



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½ϱߣػɽ
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ҢǾ㵣ȻʦĵǱ飬ֽ϶Сģͬ״ǳҹĻԡ
ֽҹĻ֣׺ϵ췱ǣǻ۵ζ
Щǳ֣ȴһʶ
ʦӳ೾Եľ⡣
ע⵽ľӳ೾ЦЦĹ顣Ǻ壬Ϊǻ۵ĸߵȽ壬кܶϲĦϵĹϤɵ
һ˵˵ǿ󣬺ǵǻϢϢء
ڽ䣬ӳ೾ʵ£
յϢ³ݼңǸԨСӣԳƣԳǡҢͷȥӳ೾۾Ե΢Щ˵Գҩ״ӣ
˫СȲɼĲӿ
ӳ೾ûӦ
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ֻӳ೾֪ʱվڵ񷶥֮ϣͷ貵ǳаǰڵƬȺɽ
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Ңһ£ʦѶ겻ҩھϵģ˵ѵִھļ£ΪΣ
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ǣħ֣׷Ҿ¡
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ӳ೾ڸߴͷȵŮһۡ
ѡҢǾúļУҢûյ̣û¡
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Ķô׽װھ̤֮࣬Ԫߣ꣬һ
ǣ뵽ǸͷĲ²⣬͸Ӳˡ

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嶥ͷڣŵ氲ڡ챦ĳԱߣһ˫ҫ俴ֻѪ档
ָͷϸѪ棬Ȼã쳤ۣƤ԰ף쿡Ѫ̵ġ
Ϲ֣Ϊ˶ĿҿǷ˺ô尡ĿŵǻڴϢԹһʱ֪ңΪβֽӦһѣ
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аϭûʱ氲ھˡ
ǰھڵ氲һֱΪԪ֮µһˣĴڣٳûͻƣûȥʶԪ̫ˡ
ϣҲϡͻԪӦóﱸģǧǰŪˡ氲ɫûȥΪҲѡˡΪһֱûҵλá
ν⣿ıһ࣬ȥ̣ҹݷ㣬Ϊҵһֿѣڿ־֮˽׵ǰ
˵ǰ׹ǣðӦ֪̽һʡ
غ˵ˡ
氲һڣðãʲô֪ľܣѱ氲գ氲Ϲ֣޷˵վݵĶ档
ǿаڵ尣ȻԹԸóɷħڵء
µľγɣȥֹ
˱뷨֤
ȥһ룬˼һ¿־֮صľ档ͬһʱڣǺ㶨ġ氲赭дأһð𾪵ģ˵ܣأԪ񾳵Ҳһ
˷أͬһʱܴڵԪޣϵĲµҪγɣǳ˵Ρ
Ԫ㲻ġ
氲ߵ
Ѫ̵Ľģ壬氲Ľ̻壬˲֪ãȻ氲˴񣬳ֿ˵лĸ֪

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Σټһ飬ڵԴʵˡ
ֻڶ̺ռľʯڲţγһ̨Ρ
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Ǻӣһˣǻͨޫh͡
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ǣͨЩɽ壬ȡɽʯڵǿ
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໥ű˴ˣߴߴأԶеԽҲΪ˷ܡ
һӲݴּ䣬˻þƵöҥֻʮŮӣں󱳵ͷһֱۡ
ϸȥͷǵͷһϸߡ
Ǻӣڶݵ塪Ů
ڴˣһ̻ͨᣬ𣿡
ԨۣʽģɢȺɽ壬ȻЩͷۡ



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֮⣬ǳ಻ǻͬࡣ
Уħ壬壬壬壬Ϊһݡ
ħ֧࣬󣬲ǿ߽϶࣬ûǿ֮ǰħ˺Ǻİ
壬ħҪࡣ
ħǰǿյĵλڵ壬Ǻӵĵλһ㡣
Ҳвٷ֧ȺֻһսˣǿᣬΪϡ١
壬ʷԶ˵Сˣܼȡǳ֮ڡ
һǻ۾ˣӽǿ塣
壬ͬȴó
׽ֱ̫ܹӳ̫Ĺԣȡ̫ѪǣԴǿ
ڶݵ࣬塢Ů
ˣʼΪʯǿߵ羧ʯĪ⡣
ˮսдӺˣսҲֲͬ
Ůͨóʹ壬Ȧޡ
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ҵͻƵȥǺսʱûô塣
ޫhƲƲ죬Ԩ棬һ£ӿħ࣬໹û壬ǧȻ壬мٸ٣ֻһλߡ
ãԨЩԾȺɽ壬ȻϤ
Ϊʦ㣬аԨ
ϸأ˵ʶЩ壬֪ԨԣԨƵƵͷͣ̾һ䣺ִҰɣ
ЩΣһռͨȺɽ壬ܿصĴҴܡ
˵أڼ½ıԨӦ
½ޫhȻ˵ͷҲԣ
½Ϸҩڣں̻ͨᣬħħڡѪ֮ΰѳ֡
½룬п־֮أκ֮ء
ߵһħǿߣܿص뿪ٵģħħڡѪ̡ڰǿ

Ȼ䣬λǵ۵ߣ̤նһӵɷħķ嶥ǻԲԨ˵ҽб³ˡ
ԨЩ档
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֪Σ鶣ɢȺɽͣûһ
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Ԩ£ҽС
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пΪ˽Ūѡ
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̫ˣϵľҪˣðݴ磬ڼ֤ʱʱ򣬿ܷٵ浤衣
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ҵɽ棬ҼһԨ顣
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ÿһȦƺһɷħϴӡ
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ӵĲһֱµɷħԼ
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Ԩɶײұڣˤڵϡ
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ڰ˰ʮ ƺƵ
Ԩһ£˵˼ңһ¡ˣϣһ
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ʱʶ˵Դǵ࣬ǰ㣬ڻͥѨϣѪСء
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ЩأûмҲûģǺͺڲĲһ
üͷһƻջأ˶
³Цŵ˵ͷȷΪ

ޫh۾һȻ£˵ʦܣⷽұȽóûнӴ춾鿴һ°ɡ
㣬Ҳ³
̬ޫhûбһ£էҲޫhͷе㻳ɡ
ԨһޫhΪ׶̵ĽȥǺӣⷽӦñԼϤһ㣬˵Կ
³ŴӦ
ޫhһ߲ʻű³棬ڱ³ſط֮ٿ롣
ոԨĻ͸λľߣҪŵĶࡣ
Ԩûһƻ࣬ſһУ»ʲô¡
ΪԨ˺
ޫhͬ
ޫh˲仯ĸУʹǼпشǰġ
Ҵ壬Ҫչ⣬ϣܸıǺӵľ档
̬ŵı³Ĭţ뵽ܶˣأЩ׼񾳡ھ޶ϣԵķʽնɱڵսʿ;ðյ
ϵֶء
ޫhһƻջأɫЩ֣һ£˵ֶأӦó׶̡ǽĳǰشȥϡ
㣬׶̣³ɫ΢䡣
ޫhͷ
³ǰռ㣬͵غޫh룬أ˺ðΣ˵һǧǰҽӴһ׶̵ˣеĶȷвֳ
̫ˣǽĳһλˡޫhʼ磬ʱһû㲻ͷϡ
ȱ³𻰣˵ɣȻжʣµģҲ˽ֶأжʱ״ϸ˵أоһʦѰһһö衣
³ԥ
ʱƮȻһ£֪˵ʲô΢Ц˵ǣԱ֤Ầ㡣ǺӶҲǱģǡ
³һ£ðɡ
˵ɣԨҳȥһ¡
š
һԨΣɷħɽۡ
һķĿռ䴫Զɽ֮ɽȣǶкܶ¥ãаڽ졣
飬ָʹһЩˣڶһľʯ
ʯڲ쳣ԵĿռ䶯ͬ
죬ܹںأͬȼ󷨴͵Ĵ󣬾γɡЦݲã½أµ۹Ѿȴǵĸ
ԨȻҼǵãռ䴫ĽģǷǳġ
ߴڵڣ㾡ûŵصǣһҲڱΪߴ֮׵ԭ
ڼ½аڡڡ׶ͬûռ䴫
ڣξȻ˵½أµ۹ͻ󣬷ֱ
ռ䴫ģؼƶ񤣬ֻ⡣ȻһЦΪ󣬡磬ȴڶġֻǧ嶼ϼӿƴǵõ
ڲһˣǩЭԺ󣬾ͳЩĸˡ
ԣǲ׾ٵأڶʱڣռ䴫
ͣһ¡
кܶǵ磬ڵģǺӵǶʵڻֻҪܿŽף˫ġ
º󣬻һ͵ģڲĽףǰУ
ʱиǿߵִЯǺصߣĵر࣬ھޣԪ񾳴Ҳ޴ҲǿѰõġ
½أ۹µ۹κ־֮ص˺ͻᱻ
黹Ὣڣħ֮ģ
ǻһĿʢ磡
һȵأţº󣬾ٰǳͽס
᳤δ
һ£ԨҲ𺳣ʵ֣ǰ޹˵׳ΰҵ
¡
ģڣҪģųĬЦоǣ½Щ۹ƣ
ҳǣԨʡ
һȺɽµĴҪõɷħɡ΢΢һЦ۹Ĺȶˣպִ
Ȫ



ڰ˰ʮ ԭʼħ
ûŵرء
ʩչ֮ͨ£ڵ۹ݼ򣬱ŵӿǣٲȻϽ
ôΪ߼Ī֧£˰³֮
ǵݼΣգ붯֣ݼͼеݼˣӰ³Ǩƹ
ʱա
ݼ⣬µĳ򣬰εض
ֱԼղ
ү貣Լ֮ڰϼ£ŲݼҵҩūһҩãɫŨ
ԼҲ̻ͨǱߣǰչҩݵʱ
ǰ£̻Ǳڣû˹
ԭģүͷѩ
ݼһĿԨǵһЩ£Դ½гƺΪаħ˵˺ݡ
־棬ݼ֮ꡣ
̻ͨΪҲᣬ£ûмɹݼֲҩݡ
Ҳݼٴ
ʱıǨϵĹܣ뵽ۻħ֧£ͻȻ𣿡ŽҶȣȷ紵ɢһϻ£ָǵķ򣬡ʵڲУȥˡ
̻ͨᶼգǵЩˣ˭գ貿Ц
ڣߴڣħɵƵģºݼҳϹϵ
־£ݼֲҩݣעġ
Ҳɢޡѡ
ˣ뿪ݼǰǵ;УһЩĻ߰㡣ҡҡͷȻ
𪣬ѹ֪ݼҵˣһʱ価뿪
ݼһտǿ߽룬뽫Ӧ
룬һûŵشͬҲݼ򣬲ߵֺ뿪ݼ򣬾֤ˡ
Ͼʱʱ̣̿ݼˡ
ݣ
һӰ㣬Ȼ貺ǰ¡
ĳ֣˲ݼˣ۪ݷƷƣԼҵĲˣ׷
貾ϲе
̻ݼҵҩݽףСڲһ̬⻮һҩݶʧЦЦһ䣺£̻ڲҲۡڣͳһ
ǣϴӸɾˣڴ˵
Ҿ˵ԨܱأѾ޵΢ڵ۪˵һЩ˶Ĳ
½أȹܶˣҿ֤ģݷƷƽе
಻ݼҵˣнõԼˣҲԸ͡
ɫ죬Ź岻̻Ǳߣõµָʾ
˵֪ԨСӣûϴ۵㣬䱾أڿ־֮ƻڡħ£ڤֹ̤аڣаǨַ
Ԩֹ;аħһ;ԽԽԶ
ƫƫ̻ȴͻȻ֣½䡣
仯ܶⷽصˡ

˳Ȫڶ
Ԩɣλ۹ĵ£ͶϸͨһȺɽصæµ
ԣȪ˺أ󷨴ʦ
λĻѪǿߣ֪Ӻδ޵󷨴ζ̾
ʮص磬ɷħ壬ͬħаǨƹ۸󷨵ߣа飬ʺϱаת
Ȫǻָħıòɷħ·תݡ
ңħԭʼͼ¼תȫ˲ʩ˾
ɷħĶѨС
Ļ̬¶˳ʱϵİȹȻطűá
ѩ׵ĳȹӰؿΪʼʮϸС΢⣬ȹı졣
ʮϪӣһˮ̶һʡ
ħ󡱵ϸ΢仯ʵأӳȹϡ
³ޫhѾڶڣԨۣؿһ۵ţòСŮ
ѩ׳ȹ֬ļ׿Ȼʡ
͵ȣֱһһأͬն
аǨƣ˺ܶа飬ͷ͵Ƚ׵ɷħ١յأͷħ󣬹˼壬ҪӴɷħΪ٣ҲҪһɷħʮӶ࡭
Ԩ˵ˡħ󡱵
ħһγɣɷħͨʮص磬Ⱥɽκһؽ磬߷ơ
ңܽɷħԿŵģڶģɷħŲĻ
Ʃ磬Ѻͻ
ھĴޣǱʮɷħγɵҲͷ۲ѣпУһĥС
⻹ǣԨڰ񾳣΢ǰ¡
Ԩ޵񾳣߱ھȺɽֳɷħħ󡱶ԵУԪ񾳵ǿ٣ҲΣա
еԭеĻϣܹʩߴ
ʱϵʮϸ΢⣬졣
˵šħ󡱵İ
УԨܸоٶڵģϴӵɷħϵ뿪ӿ뵽ħͷ
ÿȪãԭòָµɷħ롣
ˮӵ
һμ䣬üչȥ
ˣ
죬ԨͬʱͳȪȡ
ϲ˷ܣȪظ
Ҳ
˳Ȫһ֮ɽɫЩ谵źƣ۵ӣԨԨҴɵǲСӿҪǵã۹˵ˣǳ¼ˣǱĻѪߣտһ¡
ǰʩ֣ġԨæ
ʱλΰһƤѣԼŵֶɽ٣Ѫ˥ʱҲгȪԴʬ
ˣˡ
ú󣬻ˣμǳ͵ĽסȪ΢΢һЦҪƢãеĵط
գȪ㳢һ£ʹϵĸо
Ҳȫµħûиԭá
һڴشߴԨ
ǰ½أҲϹ컯󡯣ʲôһԨ
Сӣʱʲô磿û񣬾ô˵ϴ󣿡ȪŪؿħĵȽף䲻½ˣ¸һ°ɡ
Ҳ᲻һġ
ԣ



ڰ˰ʮ 󹦸
ع鶦Сء
ڴɰƴСԨס
ǧĵ磬ķɴܵ󶦡
ͣ
󶦵ı棬һشħӿţŵģǻ۵ͼڡ
䣡
ȻһԨʱһ׵ĸܡ
һǼ䣬·ǧɢȺɽĸλá
ĺڣˣͷ£ڳһֵƣں׼ȡţˮⰻȻģããܣۼµࡣ
λб³ľߣޫhаڴĲҩ¥̽֡
Ƿȱҩݣһ취ռǺݺǿպܶطǿҵõġ
Ǿͺã׶̶ĶأӦĽҩܴ̻ҵ
ǳ͵Ľװɡ
˵ÿһ仰
ɽڲħ俪ۣͷҫ쾧ʯϡŹħ
Ů̽޵Ժǵ˼룬Ūصݺ;߱ǻ۵к
Ⱥɽ£ʮ磬ɷħӹ켣һһӳ
ÿһɷħɢЩɷħ۾һ
ƺһ䣬ɷħ
ͨɷħȺɽĶļ˵Ļ£۵ס
ֻҪ뿴һĿȻ
о½أδйġ
һ
ڶۼһɽͷصǱصʮɷħȻ
ĻٿأΪУγһİ
УԶɷħͷ
һµɷħϻۣˡѡ͡
ˣˣЩԾ֪أͻȻðС
ٺصǣȻõڵı֤ǺܽЩ
Ϊʱ汲ݹ֪ʶ͸֪硪ص壬ǺһħجΣֲĵˣһҪضԴһ
磬ײпֲء
ܲ壿
⡣
εʱЩ԰ġ
ǽ򾲡
ͬĸоɣȪЦʡ
šɷħ۵ԨжӯžĹâ˵ûǽȻͬĸܡҾãܶκһͷɷħҵפеɷħҵ⣬ϳϤС
ǡħ󡯵ľ֮ɷħ壬ֳִ󶦣ָЩصɷħκ̤ߡȪ򦣬ֻǣڱ尴ߺܶа飬ܾ֡
ǣҪռɷħ𣿡Ԩյ
أܹṩ飬ΪɷħģֻطȪݸһЦط㶼Ϥ
ҲŴӿ־֮سԨ̬
ʵֻҪȥһ½أɷħ£ԼѰټɡȪϿҽ飬ңĿ־֮أʴѰʵɷħҪǣȫûΣԡ
һԨ۾һ
ǵãҪˣҵ㱡氡
æλ۹µۣûж̫ãȥ
պ
ޫhı³̸ףλľߣеֶأŪˣϸ˵
Ԩһӣҩ츳;ͨҩһֻݣȫＯ
ģĶҺڰҶݣȪֻ硣ޫhЩգҺͱ³˵ˣ˵ģ취úǳͽףиִӦЩġ
ģҺͷ˵һ£ӦÿԴ̻ͨṺá
ͣһ£ޫh˵ʦܣûƵҩġ㡭ҩĴеˣԹȥҩ
ĻɣԨҩĴУѹû洧Ħ
ϾÿһҩʦҪεĳԣѧϰʧܣţһе
Ԩ
ڿ־֮棬棬ûʦܣƹʲô˵ĵҩ
ȲϳＯ룬ҩһԸвԵĵطһɡԨں˵
һʱ䣬ҪҪԣҿԴʦȽ̵̵ġޫh顣
ãĲáԨҡͷܾ
գ־֮صĳͼĳۣڱϢЩѰ
ǳʢĽףμӡֱ̬ͯԲ˵
飬Ҫμӣޫhˡ
ͷ۱ͼţһϢ;˵ųصĺܺãһסǣһһЩˣ󹺵㶫ȻǵĹأԵȼ۽ķʽ
ͫѪҫ
Ѫ⣬Сڲֳ磬һ쿡
Ѫ̣
ޫhһ£֪Ǹ쳤ۣǷӣǽġ
ĺͳϵѪ̣٣ǰĳġ
Ѫ̵ĻԨ˵ͷá
ʱٺһЦʹ뿪
û졣
ԵĿռ䲨ŲɽȴԨվɷħ壬ޫhӣܿΡִĿռ䴫չ¾͸пռ䷨ܱ磬ڷɴܡ
󹦸ɣһЦԾԾԵЩˣ˵֪ȥڴжӦĿռ䴫λ궼СǣɸҳʣȥƬ󣿡
һλߴӣżɬŤԣȡʯ𣿡
ƺɬҲ֪ûѵͣһۼϵƤҪһ²
һȡʯԵúһӣǱߣЭ飬ֻҪǱΪдϮɱǡ
Ǿȥ
ʼһ߸ۼӲӵǿߣվ֮ϡ
ǵãҪʯģָ⣬̽һ⣬ǿռ䴫һǣ귽λ
һȦȦ貰׹⣬ķεľʯ̨Ȼγɾҿռ𵴡
ѳɣ۹µ۹Ư³ɵĿռ䴫ǰͷţӿڴ˵ͣ⼸ؽ磬ԼЭ飬ǵĽ١
ȻĹء
ǣȥ۹
Ҫȥ󡣡
ǲУȥ־֮أһˣʶһ¿ɺãħ
ʱκˣһԨ
ǵļƻؽΪ񣬿־֮ؾͺͻǰ㣬ħ룬ǿ߰㣬ǰĥԼ
ڣǷصˣǰ׹ǡ׹ǣԨĸ£д˵
Ҫǣ׹Ԩ棬ԨһĹϵ
أԨСѯޫh
ҾӦ޷ޫhӣͨͱ³Ľ֪˺ܶĻҲƶĹأħ־֮أҲʲôʰӰ죬̫ǿħҪȥС
ħģұԨ
ħ壬಻Ѫ⣬ӿ־֮صĴѹơħħ൱û룬սܶࡣ
ϣҲĹ𣬲ƻ־֮ƽ⡣
Ǿ



ڰ˰ʮ ط
½ء
һɷħأһģһĿռ䴫ڲȻĹĻ£ðԨӰ


ԣɢźܶħ壬ԾԾԵؿ󷨣ɫڴ
ǣںһ̤ԨЩͣеİ
ط½صԨű컯󡱹ŵ񷣬Ŵ˵رҵģʽ⣬һ
Σʼĵط
Ϊµ۹ٰģصǳżȻõͬѸٵ磬õ
˷׷׻ع飬ԡɷħޣǣ춨
½أС
ٴλع½أƮȻսס
ʱĸӦ
һɣԶʣеĻء
һɣԽɵа񣬵ɣǽǿռ䴫Զһȥӡ
ӵײ°ɣšۼˡĸӺֵռ䡣
Ƕһͨ
Ĵһ֮ǰͨƼ̣ϵδޣƺڴˡ
ħ壬ڽء
ҲûУ㣬йصˡ
ɷħǱߣǳ͵Ľ׻ỹҪһӣȥ־֮أܽ󷨡
Щʶڵ¸֪ǹء
󷨲ʱأҫŤʱյ⣬ٶԺ壬׷̤У򿪸
ȥ۹ȥ󣬻ȥɷħ
ȥ
һԨɷħͷųȥƬأӦи࣬ʺΪɷħĻ顣
ɷħ
ǸԨ
󶦸֣ӿڿռ䴫󴦵֪ͣԨݣɵؾһȥ
ԨȻҲ֪ʲôʱžȻܹ߶ˡ
ͻϣ㣬ҲӦõġ΢Цţڵº֣Լһ£ߴ顣
Ŷ
ƿŴ󶦣ȸԾԶȥԥԨյĻضȥ
;Уݷ۹ǵĽȻѡ

ʣͻȻģţ繵ͨħǰ㣬ȥͨء;԰Ȼ
ʩչγһһ󣬾ͽԨȥ
һѣΣԨڻصĳص
꣡꣡
رڴ̻ϵһۣںĽ⡢âʶ㣬Ԩнʡ
ʱ䣬ն´ģͽâʧ
رڵĽۣҲ˵类һֻƾĨȥ
һƻմ
ͻȻ䣬Ԩ׷ʲô
ûиǰؾǡ컯󡱵ۣγϱݣħڽأڵΪ
ڱߺдߣȶǺӺ󣬽رڽӹܡ
ʼʱرϼӿزһ˿һ衣
ֱն´޸ȥն£֮Ƭ׹䣬γȫ·
ˣҲڡءر½ƣн⽣â
ƿˡءƿˡ컯󡱣½
Ԩ֮ǰܶá컯󡱣ΪõĽ꣬ųرڽۡ⡣
ǰԨ൱ǽ꣬ƿš컯󡱡
ڣءָ˱òٱն´ƺ⡣
ȻԼԼ䣬ԨǸоͻϵ
ܾ㵡
ţԡȥӦڵġءҪѰһ𰸡

صĳرڣʣߣȻҫҺڻ⡣
һϵǻʶ͡ءȻһ壬Ȼա
Ԩһȵڿ־֮ʱӦģ㣡
ˡ
Ļݹ£ҲڻϷðͷԨһۣ˵ƺϵ㣬أЩϵõģӦòڵ㡣
ⷬ˵ĺԨȴˡ
ڲصʶϵõģǵһ
Ҫʱ䣬ŻȫǻۣɷħĶһһ̾ܵ˴õѹƣɷħĶضˡողŵһԣ̫ѹ
㣬֪ʲôԨ
֪Ҳࡣԥһ£ָָ棬λ㳨һ̸ʱ֪һˡߣ㾳ִµĲΣҲԼ⿪š
Ԩü
ĸ׵ĻǣѾȫˣߣǻط齲䣬ԺڰսһͨⲿͨͬǬ½ֱȽϽҴ¡
ɷ˵أһѳסԨӲǽק˽ȥ
һԨˣֱӳڱ̷ɽ
ããɽ壬һ¥鲼ҩܶɽҫƵ衣
ҩڣԨһ
ǾǱ̷ɽҩڵɽڡ΢ЦţͥŲأΡĵȥ
ºˣ
ʲôˣôҩڣ
ٵҩߣҩʦƾճֵĲ֮ͣ
ǰ³ǵԨҲҩ״ӡָԨǽĶӡ
᣿ԨãȻ
ĸס



ڰ˰ʮ ĸ
ᣡ
֣ܶҩڵҩʦҩūüͷһš
ȻʶԨĸס
ᡭ
Ԩסվҩڵһ֪һĸ֣оЩ͹졣
ûʲôֻ֪ĸΪҽνǷѾ˼
Ҳˣ׷ѡ
ʹźһ뵽ΪԼ㾡УҲж
οԷĸĸ

ģиһյƣǵݻӰ˺£
ؾۣԻһ㣬üĿ续ŮӰ
ŮӸǻûȫָǣڵڱۣŻӰ
ƺھʲô
һۣԨĵһ֣ͱȻˡ
ĸףнᣬڵǾʲôϣʲô
һǿҵ̽ͱȻԨеҪ֪׳ʲô飬ĸױ
ả֮⣬ʲôˣĸ¹֡
ǱҩڵʯܡûЩҩʦԨ˵ģֻҪعʱ壬һӣԼѹģң⡣
գ鿴һʯţ۾΢У͵ʯҪ
֨ѽ
һȣʵʵʯţͻȻƿ
ҩʦۣʯɫʹأ粽˳еĵ֣ϸһ££⵱Ļǣ
˵仰ʱʯаûڣбʹܿͱѹס


ҩڵĺܶˣ׷׳к
Ԩ
ȺУкԨδ򽻵İݷݷһʢҩݵ¥㰡
İݷݷΪ˿ЦȷԨˣǾ档
ע⵽ģյڵĻӰ㣡
Ԩһ˲䵽ҩʯǰɫһȵʯĸףҩھǺιϵ
Ļʻ
ûκһʽǽڴݳģһƷƥĽ⣬λҩڵǼ˺ѵĿ¸С
Ѿǿô
ʯګګ
Ԩڱ̷ɽйӴȻֻ񾳺ΪҩʦĵȼΪ켶
ҩһͣͶ꣬ټԨֻ֮ǱԨԽָţͻ
ʱԨʲô磿
Ŷꣿ
ĶӣȻ˾˵츳
ΪпǷȻԨҩĴˣ
ĴУǴȵһЦֲһ䣬оǣ³ǵݼңаһаϭĺˡʯҴĻڣ֪һЩɢ䡭
ʯɫݣҩ񴫳Уаݼҡдͷ
֪Ļģܶҩˣ飬ھ֮ʣ̾Ϣ
㣬ƲݼңλݫiСӣ
Ԩȡ
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ǣĸҩڵݣһУҲ˵Լҩʦ¼޵³ǵݼҡ
ʯأһ𣬾ͲٳϺĸסҲŵˣ˵ĸ׵ݡ
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֮˲ȥĺԨһջ
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ƣ뿪Ȼȥ˵йڰ³ǵݼҴͱΪѹΪ
Ƴڰ³ǣûŵػ޳Ī
֪ͻȻı̷ɽӱ㼯ڵһΧˡ
ɻǣһ·ݵ½ء
Ҳ뵽ξ֣м̻ͨṺõΪͬΪҰ޳Ļüͷ˵˵ŷˣֻݼҵԨ
Ԩ
³ǵСӣ۹ݵࣿ
ƴӳ۹ӣԨаħΪ飬һʣ
˵ԨǼһﲻء
ǿߣ
ʱĸߴ񣬻Ȼվһö£һֻڣգԪ˴ң켶һƷ

Ȼͷų棬ͷڣȻաֵطɳ
õ¶ȣ̼ʮ
ԪڴҴһ̬ȡ·ԡһУݣƹ֮ʮ㣬һ³С壬һⷽصСӣƾʲôסƣ
䣡
ڵЩˣǻ£ôһ˵ʱ
ССڣӲξΪһλûУʸȥ֪Ƭǿ磬εİӿ
ҲڵĹⷽش˶ô˵ľ䡣

үʵأΪ˵С£ȥһڡ
ɷħʾˣ˿̵۾壬̬ºͣѧӣоǣڵڣʱǿ˲ֹһء
Сĵأ֪ڣλξߡ
Ǭ½ߣѾܵһϣһ乩ҲǸ۹ϵ
ξߣ۷ս
ŮʣʦܲԕFڵϹ磬ǻξǿߣһ۹ƶߣˡ
˿̵ڣӣͻλǿλ񡣻ڶ΢ߣͬšΪһǿ
ôҵİΣ
ԨһЦǰλʱģ͡
ɫΣȴûľȷʵе㵣ǡоǣòޱҪ
бҪġ
Ԩûֻͣ˵죬ǲ֪ľ棬˺εȵľ˸ı䡣ûϵǼȻ֪Ҿ֪
˽ʱɷħȻԽ̷ɽҰȥ
ҲڱټڵǼλһϳֿɬһЦΪ̫ϤˡǾôԦɷħ۹أױ֣Եġ
ΪԨִΪѣȫܽ
ֱ֣Ӵһͨӿ½صħټĸսܸһʹѵ
Ԩƫƫûѡ
̤ⷽصͣԼ˵۹Ԩһ£һֱԴ½ͼ½Ĵֱ֣֮۹ڡ˹أǧ꣬بŲ䡣
ɣǼ壬۹ǵ۹
飬氲Слйν̸ԨͨЩľ˼·
ȻƣڵڵľߣĸԶ氲ˡ
ܶʶԴ½ƵĿ죬ȻҲ氲
ڣɽҰ޵ľ£ϵɡԨȻһЦǡɣҲɽҰޡǾݣ󷽷ȥһڡ
һ۸߿գԴ½м½¶֣Ȼ˹ء룬ȵʱˣ˺ɽˡ
˵ô࣬ƽˣɲģֻҵĻ᲻᲻̫
ˡԨ˵
Сأһ㣬ڱġɷ顱ǧ
ϣɷħǧһλݵھŲ㡣



ڰ˰ʮ ɷħ
ɽ
صһȻ۵Ŀϼȡŷ
ڣ⣬Ϊ壬顢ʯ𾧡
ͭǮƵġ¥˿֮ϣҹʩɼ𾫣޲¥Ĳȱ
¥£չŵһööͭǮâ֡
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ͭǮľ磬ִξ۷壬˳Ļ
¥ȫɣȵص׿ٻһӣսϡģͿӡ֮лɽȥɱ񣡡
ÿÿǸͭǮͰҡ
ңûĴṵ̂ɷħԨ¶֡
ѡѵݣðš¥ķգᶨվԨߡ
Ǹѡȡӡٴγ˻ɽˣá¥ָ
Ҳûŵһϯ֮ء
οѵͭǮʱң¥Ȼɿ¥õķ·ʱ
ͨ׻Ȼɫ
һ̣ͿԼʶСأһӰ
һֻ޴֩룬ϵشؼ䣬֮һƬء
˸޴㣬Ȼƣ̲Żص
Ƭ֮أϸ֮£Ȼ΢ǧ򱶵ûŵء
ͷͭǮƺ˻ɽ
㣬΢ûŵأ죬Ұı¶

ͭǮɬǣʶǱ֣úСģУٴʶ
ͷ֣ʶСص֩룬桭ȻźС
Ϊ˼룬ʼƬĵûŵشϵⷽ൱ھżս
ĻѻҪǿ
ȥһ˳۹ڵķȥԨ
һֲɵؿǷԸǰ㣬ֱͭǮʶС´
ͭǮò̫˻ξڴޣֻһ֮ң
һɢޣɢˣС룬ɵָʹöԷһ㶼Լ
½ڻɽһһ֮ŵעɽ壬ȫٴοڣҪǲҾͲ˻ɽص׵Ŀ뿪
ͭǮĵĲ仰ʱȻ޴档
ȥ

Сء
ǿرǺĺڽݵھŲ㣬Ө͸Ϣơ
ɷħΪ̬ɴ˿̵ĺħħ㣬ȻһбǺɵʵǡ
ԨĻӽʱǶ⡣
ھŲսڿ־֮صĹڶСأɺھ޻һս߲㣬εȥ֮Ҳӵ񼶱
Ԩ¿
ڰ˲ϯλڶɷħγɵλѪ֮⣬Ȼĸס
һλɫɷħ֮ǰġаڣ£ѱ
ƵħһյƲӲӵȼŵİɫ棬ǻƵħĻ塣
һźɫ۵δ¶Ϣɭ
ԨţȥͷƤ飬а׷ױ
ƼףһõɫУڲһֻͬɫ۾
ֻɫ۾˸ԵıâԨһ£񶼱ýӲƺʯͷ
ڰ˲㣬Ѫ£ƵħƼףһɷħ
սڷɷħ֮൱ڻξ
漸ɷħһǧ֮࣬㡢߲ɷħ뿪־֮ǰ˲١
˲µɷħ㲻⣬ֻΪ󷨵ĸǺġûУսεȣЦݺˣһССڣûĻƽ
ҲôΪԨͷ
Сɷħ֣нʱܶãԼܻû㹻ȥԳ۹ߡ
պɷħ;۹İݻǡ
ǳأ˳۹֮߳һԳǳһ˲õɢޣԳưݻˣ񾳺󣬸Ԫǿս⣬սۡ
ķṦΰԪɢǳأͱݻǡ
ݻˣѾǰĴ˵ˡһɢޣܳھȷƵϴ档ɫЩįڴԶŰݻǣҪһ죬޵ھһսҲʷˡ
ġԨЦ˵
ǰİݻˣǰʱҲš
ܶɢǺӴʱһ汨ȡů
ݻ˲ˣԴԪ̤⣬ȴܿԪڷֵ
ݻ˵ھںسɾ͵ģ⣬ĳأĺܶǿ߶ݡ
Ҳ˶
ƣ
Ȼ㣡
ݻڣͻһڸ߿һ֮ͣɷħ
ƿɬһЦҡҡͷߴٵүߡ
ݻǵЩˣ
ᡣ
һһʱһΪһߣݺƾмơ
԰ݻǣԨȻ
ţİݻˣؼڰݻǣݼǰڰ³ǵλ൱̾һҲؼΪңͽһ鷳
ҵߣ˼ƺðԨε



ڰ˰ʮ 
ĵ⣬ĽǣɷħΧס
λݺƵߣ뷢԰ףüëɫСߴ䣬̬ӵҲΪ
ŭĿԲɵξƣֱӿڴ۹㲻㾹Ȼ۹ȥжԹƣ㻹ذݻǣ
ֻ·ɫһߴԨЩˡ
ߣᣬȴЩηˡ
ºˣԨ
ط㣬ݻؼҵϡ߰ȻݣбԨһֲۣһ䣬Ҫ壡
ԨȻôˣûƾߣͱˡ
Ǻϡġ裬Ҷ츳СˡؼһġҺЩ˲һ֮ʱҲֻԼǹĨǵأơ
츳츳Ƕࡣ
Ԩһλ߮һ£ͬ񾳡
ǿһˣ񾳺ڣͣƫƫһɫɳ
շŶʱԨΪǾһӭԵɫ졣
һöֱԨָͷϵǬ䡣
٣Ĳ󡣡
ԨԸ̣ˣ֪λǶǬ䣬е뷨
֣
ԨˣƲƲ죬Ȼͷݻǣ֣ҵ档
ָֻ񾳳Ϊߣɽˮݻ׼ҵϡ
ֻطʱֹ̬ЩнϾط
ʱûٱط޴ѵ⣬ͶطӰ
֣Һ׼ҵϣѹûϣڽ񾳣ͨĥ£ִڣ˳ƼԺÿÿ֣ҡ׼ҵ˴򽻵ҵ˶Цġ
Ϊʱڳ۹ȨڹʦܲԕF
۹
ܵԨͷˡ
ʱߣȷ½̫Զ
۹츳вŸˣеʱͱ½Уֻȥ
û¶ͷģһμ⣬չֳ츳;磬Ҳᱻɡ
ѱɢޣгˣͬȥȺûŵأ֮߼еĵط
ڸ۹ģ඼ˣϡѰߡ
ƩǰλƳٻ˰֮꣬ãſִ񾳡
ǣ˵ˣⱲӵ޵ޣҲͻˡ
̫ܣиߵĳɾ͡
ҲʮѾ޵һ꣬ҲԨֹһ䣬úǶ¡
ˣȻؼңҾͲΪˡ
ӻ֣λط˵ģͻĶȥɡ
ط˿ֻϾ飬ƣȵִԲֻҪĻͷ㻹ûɴ֮ǰҿһ棡
յͽܡҡҡͷ
ԹۣҪ´ӣѺӣطֵ
Ԩ֪ͣԼĳƸǲö֣Լתһ룺ɷħļλɷħ֪ǳ֮ǰλһԡ

ȸֵģǻźɫ۵ĺ
۶סֻ¶Ұɫ鷢⣬һԵͳϵصϸ·ڱʹأȥӵꡣ
أأͻȻ޺
һֱĵаǵˮƣ˷ӡ
ݻλ̼ͣ䣬üѪۣ
񾳺ڣһɰ͵֣ɫۣһֻᣬͷųɹΡ
꣡
룬ĹΣܲסа鿪ס
֣ͷ벻Ԩɷħ벻ԨһԲϣֿɡ
ۿŹѿλݻǵǿߣϽ
ڣ׼λɽˮģֻ񾳳ڵˣû˲令Ѫ
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ԨƳһۣȻʧЦʲôãƫƫȥ׶̵Ķݻǵ׼ңԭ׶̵ĺۼϧˡ
ɽˮģ׼ҵϣҪʱ
ӰһΪֱ˵üʶ
Ȼģ׼ҵϣʱëȻХ
ڵط㣬۽ʳѪţָƣָ䡣
̾һذݻǣ㿴ү飬ںɽˮͬһ³
طһ£ҿԨݺݵصһۣбӦģ
Ҳתȥ
ݻǵĸߴǽɷħһ˿س˺ܶӰԶԶţȴ
֣үӻˣ
׼棬ƺҪ
ƶûж֣Ǹ³ǵСӣųʲô˿£
ֻԶԶ¡
󣬰ݻ׼ҵϣۿݣɽʡ
Ӱüķ룬Ԩĸ֪УȻá
ɷħ꣬ǼںڵӣʼлţֱɽˮüѨϣʵһ壬һѣת䣬˲׽
;صһԨǰṪ⣬붦档
ɽˮʬǱɱĴشӸ߿׹䡣
ݻǣӦûˡ
Ԩһɷħٴշȥû࿴ɽˮʬһۣǰԺͨȥ˽ĸ
ͬڶڵƣ¶죬ڶݼ򸽽ûȥǡ
֪ԨֳֵɷħѾͷŵһͷɷħɽˮ񾳺ڵ֣սӡ
ڣȻʼڴг̡



ڰ˰ʮ 
̷ɽҩڡ
ʯңǴȰڴأϵĽᡣ
פѪอҩѱʶ
ʯ֪Ҫ̫ãѹ

棬һλŵĸߺ
üͷʯ̤ң⣬£
㿴ϣ
ҩڵλϣǵǣɻأָտա
һʯ¥ŲȻԣڱ̷ɽĸ߿շɹ
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ϲڶͭǮƹ֮
ͭǮ
ʯһ
ûŵصħͷͭǮλɫݣ֪ԨϵǳȺʱΪԨ¥ٵħͷǲ֪Ԩĸҩڣ
ʯͷ̲˵֪ġ
ҩǱߴ˵ǽҪϹҩݣǰ¡λ˵ʱú֣ûеءչҪףֲڱ̷ɽЩݲųİ
ʯü
Ȼ֪Ǭ½ҩڣһֱҩڵĸӹ
ҩڣܹǬ½ӵгȻλٽĳ۹µ۹и岻ҲմҩڵĹ⡣
ˣ̷ɽɽֲҩݣÿһĲֵҪҩڡ
ֻǣЩڷ
ԨһҩĴˣĶӡʯĥһ£۳˼ҩڵĳҢӦҲյϢңǰ£ҩݽҪҳ̬
ҩڴҩݣó֮󣬵ȻҲҩڵҪ

˵ʱδʱòʯĮ
һλ΢΢ɫǴҩݵ£ҩǱ߲֪ܲģ
Ͱ˵ȥػ
ãðɡ

۹̳ǣǽ
ɷħԨٽĳǳʱһֺ̳
ʵһֺʯڣȼ֮γɵ̻𡣡ԶԶһ£ȻʧЦ۹Ѿϼӽ䱸ˡֺʯڣսµ۹ĽʿҪ̳Ǻܽˣʯھͻ׼
ҡҡͷҿǾ֮񣬺ʯڶ񾳵ߣûκεɱ
񾳵ǿߣӰ磬ʯڵٸ׷ϡ
ֻ£ؼ׵Ľ죬ڳǳظʱᱻʯش
̳ǣŪôһ̳ƾÿЦ
ǻˡ
д˸пΪڰݻ֮Ԩˣ־˳۹۳سǣҲ۳سǼǿš
ǴΣԨûٻĺն´޵ĽʣʽĽλǿ߰ˡ
̳ǣǰ;У·һǳء
ԨʵҲûҪ̳ǣȥһ̽ͼ
ǣ̳ǵߣԼ飬Ͱڲʯڡ
ҿ̳ǵߣȷǺµӡԨһЦڳǽȺһӣûпǿߣӷ̳ܳ
֮漰ˣϸءƱȭлүұϾҲǳ۹ˣһ·Ҳģү鲻ˬǨŭ˳ǳڵķˡ
½صаħµ۹ܱ߳ûΪοң
Ԩֵ˰̣ۼ̳ǳ˺ɹ֮⣬ûʲô˵ɣֱȥڣ

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۳سʱԨûƳ֣һѽڵâһλڣ񾳳ߡ
ƣûж֡
Ԩɷħڣûбǿɷħʱ

ڣӵ¥ǰ
һûͳеߣվڴǰߣǵǵأɷħķɳ۹켣
ͷ۹еŵ
վһʯ۴ľҨһˮͺţЩڵͽͽ㱨
ɫһֱƽź򶨡
ӰͷһˮľֶһߣĿ񣬿ʯڵˮ
ʯеˮڣϸ˿ߣϪӰ֡
ڵ۹ھģ̺ˮ˵Ľӡ
ţͽӺйڵÿһԻһصϪӺԴ˺ϵء
ֻǣ·һߣ಻
·ٮٮߡ
ܹ֮ڶʱڣƣ뵽ξڣΪܲԕFȥ֮󣬴ִƳ۹
ڴӵĬ֮£۹Ϫӡ
žͻͽ
ߣĽӺʵһֹȵĲɼ
ϪӺƵˮˣ;Ĳľݣоסڸķˣһ˺
ΪҲϪˮ˾ˡ
ܲԕFǹʦʱ֪Ե۹һ˺Ͻġ
ߣΪʦܹͨ͵֮ڶʱƾ
ľǣ۹ܹһҶû沢ڹ
Ҳܽµ۹۹ĽӣһһΪ˼ͻͽڡ
ӿˮ˻عأܷʳһͺˡ
Ӱ
ݣ
Ȼʯڣһϸ˿ߡ
֮⡣
ԨƺȻӦɷħУͷ£ˮļ೤Ϫӡ
һӰɺˮ۶ɣ˶ˮ˰ں档
ƣ㻹س۹
͸Өˮˣֶ̬

µϪӣԴԴˮݶ
೤Ϫӣһ̷·ͻȻԼʶʹ켣ȫˮƿء
ӣ



ڰ˰ʮ ս
һͷֳˮ·ĪȻ
ˮۣ֮ͷаٶصˮͣҳء
Ԩ֪һˮһٲϣݺײɷħײ
䣡
վڴеԨֻת֪
ããˮ˳ƹ󶦣ǧ΢СˮѽԨѨϡ
ߣ
΢ͥСصľ˲鲼Щˮһһ
ˮϴӱߣѪˡ
ɶǧԨ˵̶ֳȵˮ£ֱ㡣
ӣô㱾£ԨֽС
ʱĪӵİУһˮ⣬ݺύɣ㶵סɷħ͵ק

ײɷħͷˮĪ֮ٴοӳ
⣬һͷСɽ׳ˮҲ̤ˮ棬ͷˮײɷħ
أأ
סڴ󶦣һ·׹ʱػ
ķŭХڲС˺ѶҪкڣһλλбɷħĪݱˮɵˮˮ󣬱ΪˮΡ
á
ڶڻԨԼӴڷ
֮ǰһ뿪
һ뿪Ŵ󶦳ײˮˮ󣬶ʱתĿ꣬һӶˡ
һЦҵı£ܣ
ˮˮˮ棬ʱֻͣˮ⽻֯ɵġȻס󶦣˳ƽ䳶䵽Īӡ
󶦣Ѹٳȥ类һͷҧţҪںӵ׿ɡ
ԶΣĪӵӣʱɺˮ˾ɵȻ
վͷӴˮĸ߰ײλλԶҳ۹֮Ҳ̫д˰ɣ֣㼴ɹξҲӦ֪ҽȣҶְɣ
һò䣬һϢʮꡣ
һ꣬ݹžɵָݵȡָ֧һ֧Ȼ˵ӣзʽôģ
۹ȣڶɽˮ
۹ڣҲģпɵĺĪӣ׽ӣ;ӡ
ӱˮ˾ӿϣᵼ;ľڵϺ١ö֮ɸɺõ۹ӵķ˰գ˶˲ء
аӣھĺϵ
Ǿӿˮȫá
ϵศɣԴͬʱҲӣɹӮ
ܲԕFλʱͿҰĲ֪Σ۹
Ҳǣ˾൱ԭ
ƫ𣬳۹ɽ࣬ȣ
ͺϡ٣ʱ󺵵ĵ۹ٱӣֻӾɺɷ˰յͿ̿
ţӦҲܿΪλӺ
ֻҪҾͻƵ㹻죬۹ܹµ۹۹Ǹܽںңµ۹۹ϪӣҲһһҽӵھ޵ս
۹ңԺ۹а壬Ǭ½
ô˷ʦҲδеٶȿ졣
Ӹֶ赭д˵źͼ־ƣٸʱ䣬㶼ɲھ꣬ǹʦѹƣڵûʦѹңӣӦǻξ۷壬׼ˡ
Թԣʱй
ԨŴ󶦣ˮ⽻֯ġ뵽Īӣһ£
󽭴£ӿˮʽѪܣһľɾԼԨҡͷԣ϶Ǳģӣȼ½Ѫ̶ݰҪó۹ΪͻƵļ°ɣ
δɵС㶮ʲôɫá
һ֣ͷ޴ˮ󣬻Ȼˮ棬㣬Ԩͷ
Ԩͷһͼ㣬ҫ£ҫϸ֮£ͷ·ǧǧϺŲΪϺзΪһ
ЦһԨȭӭͷϡ
һ޴ۻȭͷڲصȭǧţħ˻ӿھ㱬
ۣ
޴ˮ㣬ΡɽӴһȭ򱬡
Ȼ󣬻꣬Īӡ
ɷħڵ֮ǵȷЩŵЩԾˮγɵľƴ㹥ƣһǿߣرԲԨͨǵǿᣬȭӭѴ֮
Ҫɷħڰͳħα߼ˣӵа
ֹһ䣬ͻȻԨ˵
ͻȻ䣬ͷ¾ˮɣ룬ߣȵޣҲԻһȥΧԨ
֣ӻ½ûžͺˣΪ벻ҪûٿԨϣҾûˮƼ𣿡



ڰ˰ʮ 򱬣
Ī֮ϣԨʩչɷħѪ뱬
Ͷʱӳ֣ŵȭͷ䣬һ˶ա
Ź񫣡
ԨЦ˺սϸµҩȻˬ̫ࡣ
ǣȫԼʱ
Ϊ֪ӵ׵ɷħСڣкεȱ뺷ǿɷħеڳ۹ߡ
ۣۣ
һͷͷľɽ룬׳ľߣͷѹ꣬հĹȭ׷ױΪΡ
УµľޣˮϢ
Ԩ̬Ӷȭͷһһ
ɷħתʱѪеѪӶȭͷʱӿ͵
ûʣûɷħӻˮ˶ɵޣĥսա
Ͻ֫ӦԺ͹Żڵͬһϸ¡ŻڣǴ򰾿ֲļһ඼սʱսף
ǵսߣսΪڡ
ŻˣɷħڣҲһ
ɷħΣˮս˵ķ˳
֣ЩսӻѪʱľƽ͡
񾳣ʱĽǼ꣬ͨⳡս󻺽ⲻ١
۹һУ¾ĥȹ̡
һԾվڰ³ɵͷһŵȦͷڲˮ˴ɢ
ҿֱ𴷻һֻһ֮üͷչǺЦ
֪ĪӶɵޣϾֻ޻֮ܴɱٻأӰ첻ӡ
ֻܣһӵľ
λʦܲԕF뿪ֿȵаޣˣĪӵͷ۲ѡ
ûɷħûǰѽʣڵľ磬»ôû취
иµûǰơ

һϵǬ΢΢һжһѽʡ
Ųˮͷ­ӣͷߣͷˮſڣ³һ֧ƣӲӵļʸ
ɫʸ΢СİƣһϸϪӡ
ʸ·˽Ӱƣ
ɫʸ࿴ۣ۾Щʹʱ֪óļʸƵġһ޵ı
ٺ١Ц
ͷ޴ˮ𣬝׹ˮֺ֧ɫʸ
ҵˮƼû󣬵Ҿߡ
ӿƣԨһ仰ԥˣˮ̬ͻȻ׹Ȼס֧ɫʸ룬һ˦
ݣ
ССһ֧ˮƼ֮󣬿һơ
ڣĽȻ
Ԩƣҳɣнʶʱָơ
ֱƶȥƣʶηŶܣš
ʼ׷Ԩʱ䣬ûǰӶʳ
ն
һ貹â糺ɫѤõ˼㡣
Ѥù˸ƵһأȻõ̻㣬ڱҲһ֧ؽƵġˮƼըĵϡ
ԨȥƽڵĽâ
һ֮Ԩ֣һƻݳܵʵײڶལ⽣âᵽѪζޣ
ڣ롰ˮƼһˮƾĽ⣬Ȼɢ
ӲˮƾĽ⣬ͽʵײȣֵһᡣ
ʵײصģλն´޵ġն֮⣬нʷϣһλλսǺӴɵĽ⡣
Щ⣬Žߣ
⽣ʡ
ˮ̬ĥһ¡
ҲʱȻоĪӵĺӵףɢһɣǶҪѵļ
ɷħ
䣬֪Σգ壬һƮȻһѲ֪١
ĪӽָƽֻǺӵ׵ĺ䣬ƶ
ͷһ֪ô־ĺԨϢĪӣ̫ܴţĳĺԨɣ
ǺԨЦŽ͡

ʧУ룬ǸںĵֵŮɷħѾǿ󵽣ܹûξڵӣᵽζ˵ĵز
ʱ·ϣԨʱȡʰ棬ӦĿֲ⣬Ԩոáע⵽ԨȡĽʣ͹Թû
ʵһʽĿ£ʶˡ
ɷħڵڶɷħȻûȫΪ͵һ
ûϵɷħĪӵĺӵףչһ;ӡ
һ񣬽Īӣ̽һǵԨͷɷħϷɣ˵ڣֵҲûȻʵ
Ǳߣ׼ġƳ
޷Ԩǣ̽ʱҲڿλӵаޣȷǸֵļһǳԲ˴
ֻһСɷħ뿪ˮ棬ٴǰС
ֱӵϳڡ

ݣ
һĹ⣬ʯڵˮüģһ֮ɫ΢£
ʱʦкηԸ
ټǿ߹һٴУ⣬֪ͨһԪڣ˵ǳ۹սκβԨ
һڵˣΪ֮ɫ
ʲôԨƣ
ǶӶطԶȥ̽ԨƵµķ֡
Ƶʵͼʶ˵ԨӱϾе㼬֡ΪԷһϽʾһԪڡΪǾҪˡ
ãȥ죡



ڰ˰ʮһ ֮
Ī뿪ԨŽʣʱ֪һ¡
ʵײһܼ⣬̶߮Իᵽ⶯ɵʱǧѡ
ڲؽ⣬ܶն´ޣǺӵռ
⣬ڽսߣеӡŵȱ
Ľ⣬ûϵ
λնĽ⣬ͷģĽǿ߽⡣
һ£Ԩܿ˹
Ľ⣬Ĳ൱ڱ糺콣âͳĲбнԨʩչնʱ
Ҳ
ȻҪЩؾΪûм뽣ڣûӦĽתʽû̫ܡ
նĽӡҲԶ
ӵ֧ˮƼΪһʽ˽Щȣһ𡣡Ƹп
Ϊ϶ͷƳġˮƼʵġ
ΪѾ˻ξΪĪӵˮϡˮƼ˼Ҫһ
뵲֧ˮƼǴһ֧Ĵġ
ȻԨ֮ӭж⡣
նҫһ糺˸콣⣬ըġˮƼǼ
үǽǱߵ챦ͽУѯʡ
ͽȻйء
ɫԨͷһƿգҲ֪ʲô½ڵλɣǿΧɱ½СʺͽһΪ
ţǻڣطʣǿһӽжô
һ翵ĻֺǳأֵأԶҰ¶
Ȼ̫԰
ջ˼ԨҲЩ죬˵Īӣа·̣ӦõִǳأҲǳ۹ģ
ǣ۹ûĳǳأΪ϶
ڳ۹һƾճֵĳǳءԨ򦣬ü˼һ£ǣڵʲô˰ɣ
ڵ칬ӡκһöܱΪƵΡǳء
÷ݣǰĲֳֵܼ칬ӡ֮󣬶ıãҸ
£䲻ðһ翳ǳأڵ칬ӡʲô
ڣ칬ӡɫ΢䣬ˣ㲻˵۹Ӧòᾪڵ
ʱ
κһλֳ칬ӡߣڵݶ൱ǾĴޣܼ̳ûһöԸġ
½ػųʶ˺ܶаħͶĹȻȻأԼΪڵĶӪ
ˣᾪڵǿߡ
ڣڶ໥ԨҲʱѾ˵ļγͻ⡣˫ԴԺأƬɱɽӱ
Ԫ񾳣ھǿߵսԺػǲϳܵش
ˣĬأȥɱɱ
ڣǻ˭Ʒѽ⡣
ȥ֪ˡԨߵ
ɷħ֣ŽʣССһ۹ʲôв
ˣɷħӽ
ɫѺڣһޱȵ飬ͷɱ⣬ڸ߿ա
ǸոտƮǳأڡ
þ飡
Ԩһ£ͻȻǰ飬ǵʱлƭǣҪıȡӡģλҵе
þУ翵ĳǳڣӰӡ
ЩӰƺֻһƻ̣ûʶ
һӲӵ齣ۣڵĳǳأһͷצɫֱײǽ˲䣬ԨһϤС
üǰûŵڵֳۣһΪĽ𡱵齣ĳ
ֻǣ
ڣ֮һĳˣ
һ£Ԩʱüͷһ壬˵Ƕлþ飬˽ΪڵߣӳȥڵĳˣĻþ棬ںս
ϴεʱǻξ۷壬δ
۵ʦˣкڵߣʱ䶼ǣΪڴˣ
꣡
һɫ⣬Ǻ¥óǳطɳһὣš
Ľֵĳˣߣͼþе翳ǳأͻУ纣ߵɳǳأ˷̤ţһӾͱƽ
ϹҺûܻ꣡ؽǻþһҲ̤ӣЩ۵أһѽУͳŭĿӡ
㣡
Ԩ
һ̣˺ȣͬʱע⵽󴳹Ԩ
ôڴˣȹӰһΣɷħԳ֣෢۾˵԰ϴϢ㻹ڿ־֮ء
ۿȻƽԨһϽ˽нʡ
λҵĿˣǰͲƲ硣뿪֮ȫƾϲã֪¶ٻˡ
ڵԨһе󣬾жϳˣ
ǣѳɹ񡭡
񾳴ޣɲ׶Ըģ仹ˣԨò
ӣƺûж⣬ûҪɷħӽ뷨⵹ԨһʵΪʲôڴˣ
Ǳڸչأȹƾ֮ľ磬֪ôϹѰָһ³ˣͫͻһ˿֮⣬һָڵˣҼһɱһ
ѻþ齻ңڲٹ㡣šĽ𡱣飬ͻɡΪ֮һΪֱںڰѳ֡ڵ㣬ȻѾ𣬲չþ顣
ڼѳŻɡһٸõþ飬۾绹սд
ˣͨϢ֪Ǳظͻ񾳣Ѱ
ƾĶע⣬֪ڡ
ǣˡ
þͻɡ֮һʼҲǵġٺٹЦɣȡ汦˵ԼģڻǲҪ
ҪͲ̤·ˡɫ糣һ£Ԩ˵£޹ءڣұھͿȥˡ



ڰ˰ʮ Ļ
Ԩң
սһϣ֮ɫңͬһӪйͬˣ
λͫ͸ǿߣ̤ɷħ
ͣס
Ԩнʣһ糺콣â߰㣬ӽʿϸ糺쾧⣬̲һ⣬ĪȻԶ㡣
ͣ
ƺڵһҪ籡
ЩΣٺٸЦûҼǰУګګ㲻ңһᱻɱ
޹ءԨΪתˣһͷ
ɷħȻ٣ӳԻָڷš
棬ͳ˵ս
˼λսôûоˣƾЩΣǰĪӣٿˮϮңսǣûоɣУӵľ磬Ҳ֪ǵɱ
ȷйŹ֡Ԩ
ɷħХһӡ
ҹɫȫڣ£Ҳһǳҫ
֪ΪΣҹգԨѹܡ
·𣬻ĳֲõ飬δ
ҫġþ顱һθ֣һֺǳڣӰ㿣ܿͳˣڳǳڸʩþ顱ĳǳأ±顣
ң
롰þ顱Ѫ˫񵽽ʧȥǵͫһ־ľɫ
Ԩһۣа
˻·þ顱ˣŶ;Уͷеĳߺȣߣ
ݣ
ȻٽֶɷħߺԨϵˣ
ŴѸٽӽԨףҲϵУڵս𳶵ͷϣ
սʵͬʱԹͨ
ڴ󶦣ؽһ㺮˪ıɢĺ󶦷סԾĺԨļ±䣬γһɵ֮⡣
⣬Եľ
ɫ͵һҰ͸⡣
ˡ
һ̾Ϣֱɷħ;򣬳űȥ
֮⣬þ顱еĳˣȻšĽ𡱣ԹŹֵ񣬿һԨ
þ顱ͳȻʧ·δֹ
̫ԾƻⱣֽ״̬һ֧ɫص˵ٽʱҸܵ˺Ķ⡣˵ţͬһӪɸҵĸоˡ
Ҳв׸СԨ
ͳˣ񾳵ĴޣĻξ߿ɱȡ
񾳼ޣвúҪȫġ
ˣǱߣҪˣһ£ƺܳϿҵؽ飬ᵽΣա¡̬ʧأᳬԤơ
ˣȿ˵ɡԨü
ʵĪǰڣ˵õˡĴųһƻ˷СɽƽԭϪӶȥϤĵطһжû䣬ܾò̫ԡ
ûԨ߰˷Ҳߣǵֽٹ
ðɡ
ֹ˰ʱ
ԨȾң
ԡѪ֣µƤ⣬ð̣ɣ¶ŵĸ첲类򣬶һѪۡ
Ԩĸ֪УĻ쳣Ҳش
棬ڵĳˣѾסˡþ顱²šĽ𡱻צأ׷
¡ĮȻ
Ϲ㶼˵ˣֻҪþģӶˣ㻹Ųţƿڴ
޶ԡ
ң
γɷħ
ʱԨһӽʱͻȻŽʣһʽնӭ
һâҹǳ
˸£Ȼ
նĹâһƬѤӣ֡
ۣۣ
ӰƬһ飬ըĲ
ĳˣüͷ΢壬صأŻڱǳͻȻͷһԲ뿪
⣬ǣ
ֽ֮м׷ɣŶͷ
񾳴ޣնַΧѵĶԣһ㾧ѣٻҡ
ôͳֽм
ʱԨվɷħڣȥͨ½صĻأеصģҡۼˡĸӺֵռ䡣
ûӦ
Ԩ΢֮ͻȻˣһͨʲô
ǰڵĹ켣ģһʼ͵оԱ˱СءԨһƬСأȫȻһ£㶼ûп
֪СأƺȻ
ţʱþ룬ҲƵĸоԨ֪һˣһֱڳ۹ڣҺ½صľϵ޿ܱնϡⲻΣգܹͨ½أ֪
ͨռ֮һϢ䣬ִǰ
ңܴ½صǿߣڵĴޡһڳ۹ǱʲôˣҶ¡

Ԩ˵ƶϡ
ǣ㱻Сأ½޷ͨƲɵһӾˣڱСأ൱ڴӳ۹ͻȻʧˡ״£˭Ҳ֪ȥ˺δˣǻţ޴Ӹ֪
Ԩͷ
˭ƾ
ǰĻӦԨ룬ٴοڣ׷ӦöģǷ顣ֻǣӦڲǰǼʱġ
þ飬УҲġ
Ԩ°ͣȻˣǻþڵĻɡӦú϶ΪһˡڵΪһ壬ڵСء
ڣ



ڰ˰ʮ ޼Ѱ
أա
¹£սġͷĹ⻪ϷһӰŮ㣬ͷ档
ԱߣһģСڶĹƯ
ԱŴͭǮҡŴָķ˶ָ֣ӣмλڵߣȵأ
֪ҡͷ
ɢͭǮŻξΪġ¥Ļƹ֮ѹƵĸо
ͭǮԸߣڳ۹ڣǲ塣
ֻǡ
ԾηĿ⣬һۡп⡣
ڣߴ֮һΪڵһڶôͭǮɢ޲һ
Ԩʲôϵ
ӰԸһƳгɻ
վҲûȥͭǮ߸ͷ㽵ı飬ߺȣԨˣǰ;Īʱʦйһ֮û¶棬ƺƾʧˡ
ţҳ۹ڣѰǵټ
仰һܶڵߣԽͷ
ĵ£ֺݺֺڣҲ˴ȣƾ˼ڵ۹Ѳɣѵˣ㱳Ԫڵ֧֣
ҹˣΪûҵŹǡ
ղҫġͷݺأȴöˣҿ
С㣬⡣ǺɵЦˣǸǳϢС
ݺ޻Ӧš߿շš
ͬʱ
½أվ˫а£ͨӵڷһС
ݺܽĿ½ء
ͬģаҲܽݺܱߵĶ
ʧٰ£ݺԦšѲ۹Ҳ˿򦣬Щأһ£漰ǺӵģǳδйʢҪʼΪؼСӣȴͻȻˡ
һЩҲעڳ۹
صģλǱ۹ˣϢݺĽһ¡
Ԩʧ٣޼Ѱ
ǻ㱨һ°ɡ
鼯оһƵĻüĴܳӵΪһСаȺ͵һ档
СʯȺһʢһƿǿսڣֱ⡣
úСһ죬ԣ֪ˣص
ʱСȼͬɫĻ档
һ仰˵꣬ҲȼΪҽۼ
鰵һҪҼˣöһЩϸڣһصľߵ̫Ѩͻͻ
ˡ
˲֪Ԩĸҩڣ˻Ǻϡ

ɫҹա
ԨŽʣһ齣񣬿տһԶɣ
͵رɫ
ڵ˰϶һһǣϢʱ𶯣Ϊѿ뵽񾳺ڡ
ǰʱƺֻ񾳳ڡ
ʱƾ;𾪣ƾٶȡ
ǵĿռ䴫ڴ죬˳Ҳкܶڵ߳ûԻвڵϢй¶
Ҳ֪ԨйսƺĻɡЩ𻵡
ڣʲôⷽСأѵŪģ
οп⣬Ļþ飬֮󣬺ͻɡ֮ʵͻԵĽչԨ˼·أĲ²⣬ȻƾһûܴУȡɡ
ǿĳˣİ֡⻹бˣҲųˣһѹ
һ
ԨߺȣڼȻˣҰŪˣͲҪͷ¶βˡ
ؼ䣬һƬף˻Ӧ
ʱҲʶŹ֣˷غϤĵؽһɳ۹Ȼȣȴŵġ
ҹʱ֣гӬƮɡ
ڰ㣬Բʮ֮ڣԻв⣬޶
ͣͣ
ĵҹգһ֣ؽãһ硣
磬ǵϢһģӸ߿׹
磡
Ԩüͷһ壬ϳ߿յ׵磬λ
л֪һߣǺӵĳ׳أġ硱Ѿڷֵˡ
ЩΪƴҪȥˣ
õЩ˵ľˣ¶硱
⣬ġ硱룬ӡӡ
˿̣ڶࡰ硱֣˵ǹǿߣˡ硱
ϧûܻסЩ硱亦
ġ硱׹ɷħƽĸ߶ȣԼܿһͨȻ羧Ρ
硱Ϣȴ˥ܵ㣬·һָͷѡ
Ԩ
硱û֮ɫƱĥģѾֻһôڴˣ
˵Ǹˣȡ
Ԩ˵ͷε֮ǰοĶһƺʵģһ߸֮
ô˾أԨߺȡ
ڡ죬ʹ࣬ʱڷˣ쾰ˣճɵһ̶֡ţʱҲУȻôһ³þҲˡ
硱ƵɷħǵĴˡ



ڰ˰ʮ 
ǣŤ类һʶǿȡ
죿
װƣ΢Խš
ģһλʵҪԶξڵӡ
οͳߣرͬʤһ
ѾԱѡԨԵľԹͨ꣬ͷһ뽣ʣڲصĽȻԾоǣҺûʲô顣
ⷬ£Ԩļõٽʹɱ׼
꣡
Ȼ羧ȻѣƱһ硱иʯ
ëȻǣ조硱һߣѸٽѵ¡
Ƭ̺ͱʳ
ġ硱Ϊ׵硢;ĳߣֳֿɺѪͫԵ֮ɷħ
žž
ɷħĽڰмš
ԨһѴֳĳߣᵽϢһ룬֪Ӧǡþ顱ã򡰻þ顱ĳŤռ
ӵܣͨطѳƿعġ硱
ͨþ顱ͨܵõ硱ĿȨõ硱ʳ壬Ӷ׳ס
磬ɷħǡĻɶСشңΪǻ̬һ󶦣ҲԿ⡣ִɷħܹʹһսģΨкΪʵʻǣҲǿǺĹ͡
úսԨȵ

һӨӰ͵شӶնȻ˲קסһߣڵ⡢ıУһ߳ϡ
磡
ڵƣűӣپ·أվڱѩصУҲɪɪ
ûصϴǣԺͷŵļԵˣܡ
æת޵ġԳȵתſǹĺ
ˣ
ʱһԨû˿쳣
ǣ־㵵أͷա
˿̵ĺһıɽʮ׸ߣϰعؼλŻƷľۣ͸һֹ°С
²֣Ыӵ̬Ыβ⵹̡
ЫβɨһȦһ׵硢;ĳߣЫβ׶
ֻոջΧɷħһߣҷţ׷׹
ʮ׸ߵĺ޳۰ڶʱ񱩵ļ磬ȼѻǵı棬Ȼһߣ׷׼Хܴ
߶ͷʱֳŤĻӰ
ǻӰţţȴ
޶ãĴĺoһƬĴųصһƵıâǺܻ
ɷħֱǼŮ񰡣
źƣɫŹ֣ôû취ЩɭûǣԶͷаɷħϵ
Ϊ˿սߵĺɢϣʥʥ಻ַıϢʹ˵ŷ̫֮
ħߵ£ǻͨġ
һԨʶСһ𺳣㯵ԨȻ
ߵ£ħͨ
ħߵĵȼħ񣬺ʹħ
ͻȻʲôԨЩ˷ܣһ߿źһߺûп׹ǰ㣡
ѡ̾ʮɷħھޣħħƽҸյм䣬֪ңɷħռʮ
ϡ
һ˫ϸ۾ȴʼţ·˯ѵһѴɡȻ¶Ӱ
һöĸ̵Ǭ䣬ûκ־ģɫ
һλսǿߵɷħ
ǺأźߵսȴǺԨ۹ĴԪԮңǡɾڸԾͲһ֣ⷽСء
أĿӺջء
ȻԨҾĹĻþο㣬ʶƣҸе⡣ţǰεʱ㲢֪Ѿʵ磬԰ɡ
Ԩûϡ
Ϊν䱸֮̸ºŨӦ֪һɣ棬С
ܵĽ䱸ɷħ߱ɱҵĿԡԨֱԲأʵ뷨ҲֿԴڡΪ˭йأûеõҵ
ѹֲܼ󣬴ӿ־֮ع˵㼫伬Ѳ̾
ҺòöԸ㲻ǼʶԨһЦǰѴɡô˰ˣ
֮áþ顯ǽŪʱҵĻɡ֪ȻűǶϡŭˣþ顯ɡָҾ绹ˡ
ϲϲԨƤЦⲻЦع֡
Ĳִ٣ֻҡ΢Цþ֮ǰѴѶϢȥҵ̫ãʦͻ
ڴǰҪôɱҡҪôƿⷽþ顢ɡϲµСء
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йֵ֮䣬꣬ҲֱӵԨĵһսɡ𻵡
Īڿ־֮أ㱻Ԩռͨʹ½ص;УȻȡ
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˵ˣһԨС֡ľżľȻ˵



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ڣԨԭĻᣬжģشջ
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Ƭ֮ⶬԨ뵽ĳᡣ
ȥأʾⶬ뿪ȻָŶλãҪԨ£ⶬ˳ᣬ԰ӵ飬Сӣոտʲô
ڲһЩǳԵķӡǣиЧ
˻͸͸֪
Ԩһۣ֪ЩӡǵĴЧⶬ棬΢ΪʶȥĻӦĶԻ
ҿľѸᵽһɣͬѰϢԨûдѣţǸ棬ʲôӰЩľ
ɫ΢䣬ͺȵⶬҹԶ㣡㵨͵ݹҲ꣡
Ͻ㣬һԶ㣬˺ⶬ
ȻԨ棬ɳɳĽŲȥ
ˣˣҵ̸ˡֱͦӣ͸ΣϢҽ짣Է̳ǵ¼ңСӣǺˣôܸоЩ쳣
ҽ棬µ۹ϣڱ̷ɽҩڣݷݷѧϰҩ֮ԨſںߣӦ֪ҩѧϰңԲľϸ΢仯ȽϤ
µ۹ϣҩڣ۾΢
ӡ
ҲʱӸڳд͵Ǽѵס
һ£ʱϲ˯ôãôͻȻ䣬Ҫѹˣ֣һʶۣɳ䳵ᣬȥ˸Ǹ
Ȼ̣ǲиѽҽʱҾͲجˡϣʲôҾҺܰġ
짺ȻһٿԨʱúܸӡ
㣬ƺṳ̂·κ̽һ䡣
жƵԨһװѧϰľҩһҪߣҩڣбӲҲҩ
Ǹ
짰ͷȻߣҲȷûܵ쳣ĻѪ֪Щľ쳣ԭ򡣡
ȥȥһҰԨӲغߺߡ
ٺ١ƤЦⲻЦأ˳ǣƶ˵ɭҾϲִ󵨵ĺСӣ



ڰ˰ٰʮ Ѫ
һĻĻξɢ֮¶
ȻЩ㱵ڳ˯ʱ·𿴵һ֮
ŹҫɢجΣڻĿ־Ͳ
úůܰȫôˡ
ʲôˣһججģһֱЩµξǻʱ̣֮١ңÿҲѸٳԵ㶫ӻǲѰ
¶
Ѿͷˣ
ʱԨĳᡣ
һ¶̫̫ϵƣ·𶼺ȻչȥһץסŮ󣬰ܺãϢеҿӶˣ
ŽԨͻȻһˣһӺˣò̫Ӧ
ȻԨĿ⣬ȹŮϡ
̫ɫŮòǻһ࣬ᾲģСұĺ㣬˾ú
ٹ۲죬ڵ̳תѪ⡣
һ֣Ȼ׽С
ʱ̳ӴѪż̰ûһ̣ڰ㣬Ԩ
Ųɽ¶ˮûʲôر¶С
УԴ̳
ۣԨû֪;Լ·վֲľïܣ̵Ĵɭ֣Ӷǲľζо︴ա
ۣϸǰŮŮӵĶϸԼ⣬ͫʷ̡
⡭
ʱɷħķ嶥һͷͷɷħ۲һ͡ˡ
ˣᣬŮǳϸԼ⣬ͫʣɫƤ̶ͬȵģǳأɫ
壬Ǻӵȫǡҹ顱ͨ
ģڰͷɷħʱ䲻ûкͰʽӴ˽Ĳ
ǰȹŮ
ʲôԨ
¶ͷȵ鶼Ż࣬СӣĶȥˣ͸Ҵᡣģ¼ңٲĺô
̣ǡǱ˰ɣ¶С
һɫһ˵мΪ֮ǻ¼ҵһֻ֣Ҫʱ뿪һӶѡ
ˣԶġ짲ΪԨʲôܰ¶Ȼ¶ͻȻˣ˵ԨðģҲѾͷԸ
Ԩṳ̂·ûʲôõĵġ
֪ƣɣҾڸڣƿߺһҾü
仰Ծ俴һԨ˳ȥ
ҽ棬µ۹ҩѧϰҩ֮ԨظǷ˵ǣ㡭
ܿ¡¶Ԩڳռ䣬֪ǲẦҵġ
Һܿ£ԨűӣҶṳ̂·㣬ӦѾ˰ɣ
ǵģ̿壬֪ء¶ͷҫĹâؿ棬һɺǿǿܸоġ
Ԩ΢
֪¶˵ѪСڣ̳
ңǸսͻȻ⡣¶ͷյ˵ҵѪɫˣҿʼججУСڵһûҡгˡ
һ߽飬϶أš
Ԩʱܵؾðģƺ֪Ԩ˺Ժ޷أͳ顣
ڣ֪ʲô˵ˣҪѪ
ͨ棬Ԩ֪ǸսѪСغѪȻޱ䡣
Сڵģһͷģһꡣ
ͷͼûξ꣬Ӷ꣬ԭȵͻȻܼˡ
Ԩĥһӣ˵ͷ˵Ҵ֪ôһˡ
ʲô¶
޵ѪСش򿪣ѪԨӦҲʱѪɫͫɫ˸ı䡣ͷֲڵ꣬Ҳᵽ쳣ϲʳˣѵѪĨɱ
㲻ܼΪԭӦˡ
ѪѣǴˣ֮ǰķǿм㷴亦о꣬Ҳû⣬Ϊ㻹ûԼ֪Լ˭

Ԩƶϣ˾Ųʮ
ǰ¶Ů˳Ȫкܶںصһ˺ĻѪ
¶ͰѪǰһֱԡ
ֱѪСسӶѪѱ˾˵ľ䡣
ƫƫڹԼ״
죬ѪͳҲǴˡ
¶ãȻʧ룬ϵصƺܽʵ
Ϊ˶˲ˡ
е״ͷСֲڵ꣬ѹûķ롣
Ԩⷬ߸֪˲ˡ
ȷʲô֪ˣҺ̸һ¡룬Ӧ֪ڡԨƿһ£ǰһ¡
⻰źͿ짣ͷȣصأԴ
ĳڣһߣַ׷
һ짵ļƣԨʶһϮɱɵߣӦڶʱڣ֯˵ڶơ
Σбûô׶ɹ



ڰ˰ٰʮ 
ڳţ짱Ͼ׶صԨһۣʲô£Щ˵
գ
Ԩˬ˻ȥ
¼ҺսȷʵûϵоڱȻ
ҲΪ¼ңǰ¶Լվ
ǲǣЩĶˣˣ
ԨһѪ˵¶짵Ǿ仰͵رѣҵ˵ô죿ǣӦ
ڣÿ˼
ԤУʧˣΪ
ĵÿÿ뵽ˣΪܡ
¶棬ǷġԨ
һ鸲磬תɹ⣬ڳڲƾĳᣬһ󷨼ӳ֣ܵסǿߵϮ
Ԩͷ
¶ᣬԼģȻι̣ǿ
̤̤̤
ʱгصĽŲ޹İܼ
һʼĽ涼ûԨܿٴδײ֫Ҵܵս
ƽţģһ¡
¶İѪΪ죬Ȼܱ߲ľøŨҩݵ
츳ҩڣЩֲҩݵļ˵ֱһ屦
ǲ֪Ѫ츳ܲܳжǱڡԨ򦣬ٹ۲۲졣
Ҫ¶дãƭҩڣݼ
ˣ㵽½Ҳʸˡ
Ȼ䣬һϢĿֲܣƾն
Ԩ΢΢ɫ˸һ£Ͻͷʹͷ롣
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⡣
ս짣һԸⶬλﵽ΢ģϮߣİ֣һ̶Ȼɫ
ѵͷѾִ︽
ͷȵ짣ңƳһ¶ĺľᣬҵѾͷûãǲٱˡ
ٹһתͷȵҴܡ
Ϊ֪ͷŻеһսû
ͬʱ
һλα뺷аƴӣ־ؿһգҲϽʾ⣬Щ΢°֡
¼ңʲôǿ߾ˣֲεĻǣ񰡣
ڰŵĶҶ
ոջڼսģ¼ҵߣϮߣ˲֣ͣأǹɿµѹ
ɽУš

һ⣬¶ĳȼһΨ΢ǿߣԸ֪ǿƿơ
˲䣬복
Ԩʹͷ˿
¶㵵ͷоһε۾ĬĬһ
˫۾£·û·ǣѪ⣬ǣе˼룬ƺΣ˿
ޱȱĸܣһСᣬܵĸоʧˡ
һ
ƺ˴ŵĳᣬһڳ˯죬һڱĿʲô·֪ʲô
ǹ΢ǿߣݵѹʧ
͵شӡ˯Ҳ˲ۣһ˿ǰ򶨣
λɬʡ
쾰ˡһϹĻѪɨûŵġ棬Ϲһûϸϸ۲졣
쾰ˣ񾳺ڣҺҺãؿڵ
ţŵţ
ͬƵЩߣսһ룬ڲʲôһݻûִҴҰˡ
뿪ҪŪʲô֪ǵֲĸӪġ
￪⡣
һݵţڹͺͺİɽ֮ϣ޿ײĻˮһ㵹ӿأʶСض룬ٴչ
һѪѾͷᵽ˰Ѫζ̫ˣѪҲովѡ
쾰һ䣬Ҳû̫ϡ
ͷ۵ǣ˿ʱ䣬ȻҲԨ١
гˣεڸأڵĵؽΪģԲ֮ڵÿһ깣ϸѲˡ
εǣһ쳣û
ģ۹ļȫҲѲ顣
ŵѹ񣬶ԷԸ˵۹ߣǳȥԨ˵ټ
ԨˣǽռȻ޷ôʱ䣬ͳϢ
ƫƫһ
½ǱߣдѾˣҲԨʧȥɱϣˡ쾰˼Ĵ
ͳˣ֪֮һϼƣʹٶϮɱԨ
Ȼ󣬹ϳڣɽŵĻڴ󲻳
ʦֻҪǴͷҲ̫ġ
ôҲ벻ڳ۹ڣԨƾʧˣôҲټ
Ҳ޿ѸɡοҳɡҶӦ
ײںδ
쾰ԽԽꡣ

δ짣ƿԨ¶ڵĳᡣ
ˣпһһ¶æ˵ӦǣһԶԶǵǿߣ
òͷұΪġ짵ƺ˲٣ٿԨʱҲûôͱˣҪͷӦˡ㣬Ҳܻ׽֮󣬴ȥĥˡ
֪ʲôԨȻû˵Իɨˣҵ
ǿ짣һ˵ĿĵأǰݻǰɣҲ²¿Ǵӵڵµ۹
짺ȻѾͷôʲô˵
˵ġ¶ί



ڰ˰ٰʮ ʱ
Ⱥģ
ɫ쾰˵Ļε񲻰ֵأϢ硣
ͷ쾰˵Ѳ飬մ뿪ʱ䲻ҿ˷һšʲô¼ңⶬɱ⡣ˣӦҲûԶȫɾˡ
䣬Ѿе㰴Ͳסˡ
ΪЩߣѾ֧ã϶ưոݣһ٣ٶطϮ
֧þͻΪ㣬пڵĳע
ں¾Ͱ޽ɣԶԼİΣڵһλ˭Ҫ·͸ɾس
̫³ç֧úˣǻע⡣ưһۣһԸƫ֪棬᲻ү鷳ֻʣƬҰ͸ˡ
Ƿͷºˣȵ
ͷЦˣһүֿݱ¶֮󣬲Գ˻쾰ˣֻ·һ
үɷħУսĺڶɷħŲС
үߣ治¶ܼһָͱ⵽ƿռִͨ
оݵȰ˵
Ҳ

˵ġ
¶ίԼ³ģ˵ǻѪߡ
ľУͷȵ짣ȻɫٴеصԨССӣ㾿˭ҩڣһϰҩݵСӣû֪ô࣡
ǳ۹Ϣ̫ˡԨЦһµ۹н˵۹ܶĻѪߣ߳ˡڣ۹ڲٻѪҿһЩ顣
⻰ƾն
ȴ˼ţˣ
ͷֵϣµ۹ϣܿ϶ظµ۹ǱߣѪߴһ
Ψˣ飬壡
Ԩ˵ͷ
һЩԣŰɣֻΪͶ·ˣԴȥµ۹Ԩʱ黺̫࣬ǳ۹վɣûѪͼı죬ĽЩǿɴߡ
̾ϢһƫƫѾͷѪԺ󣬸ͷᵽ쳣
짵˵Ԩƶϳģ
Ϊ¶ŰѪʱѪδʱͶ֪񣬼¼Һϵܣͺܽһһˡ
󣬰Ѫѣɹ
ͷûѶһʱ˸Ӧ߹ȥ
¼ңȲҺ⣬ⷢǻѪߺ³۹׷¸¼Ҵ鷳
֮£¼ұȡ뿪
С۰짣µ۹ǱߣѪ߱أӣᱻĽһţͼأڳ۹Ȼ䣬͵µ۹
Ҫ׸ͷ֪ΪѪߣҲض
ǣ
Ҳ£Ҳôһ¡Ԩ֮ɫûʲô棬Բ˵ڰݻͣˣٶȣ̷ɽңֻҪӳ۹뿪̷ִɽǾûˡ
ڱ̷ɽһɽ֣ɷħͷţ֪
ţֻҪ棬ڶΧɱҲͽˡ
̷ɽ룬ͷǺá

ʮ￪⣬ݻ൱ӽ´
׼ҵһλ΢ǿߣߣͷɥع֮ôʧˣ
ߣֵ̿˵;ʱһλǿߵǡԷͼ¼ҵİֻ֣ȳߡ
ǿߵ׼ҵλһ£һͷ϶ڵɣ˸ǣյϢ˵ڵλˣǵ۹ڣѲ鰵³ǸԨСӡ
ӦһɣǵĴ򶷶Խչ
ģǵģֻҪ֧ûԨǲŲȥʲô
ڣλˣһ
֮û׼ҵĽӦ
û߻ش
Ǿ˵³ǵԨ֧õУ
֪ôˣ

ݻǣĲ׽ӡ
ǵĻɫˮļرӿţӵڡ
֧ⶬӵãܹ˰ݻǣŲ׽ӣͣظ·
ֵǣڣ߲δ֡
ó۹ɺԶ
¶бųᣬ˶أʹýյĳһƴСڣأ;ĺӾһ·ϣľҡû취ı̫ࡣ
ôһ˵Ԩ׽ӵ࣬ǿľ
׽ӵˮڵӣԼĽ
ΪԨף¶ϸһھˣٹһӣܱߵׯڶᱻӰ졣۹ڣ֪ܶڣȴŭԡ滳ʦˣ˼ڵʱǵ۹չ죬񰲵ʱ򡣡
ħڵܲԕF㱩¶ݣӳ۹뿪˾
ͲľأԨ
ţСʱˣ⿴ҵʣ˶ϸ顣¶ͷҺͲľ׽ĸҲһµġͷ˼ˣҲǻɽֵ
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˵ͺ¡
˼սǿ൱ȷЩ֡ԨҲΪ֮ݣһܸ֪꣬ܲŵλã
Уֻң֪ҵһУ޷Ӧ¶ҡͷ
ʱ
Ŵ⣬һûһԨĵ¶ͻ죬ֵزţһͻ˹ȥ
Ԩɫ



ڰ˰ٰʮ ׹
˻˻˻˻˻
Ų׽ӿ񱼵ĸͷ˷ţ㣬ͻȻźľᣬʧصسļĻǴӡ
ͨͨͨ
ת˲䣬еĺľᣬȫ׽ӡ
ӿĽӣˮֲˮޣſѪڣһľᣬƥһȥ
ͼЩľѸٳ䡣
ӵףһͷ֣ƺһλƢ¼Ԧͷȱõںˮи翹
Ҳͽʮ롣
Ǹͷȣеƥľᣬӵס
䣬⧲
ΪûߵⶬХţƥͳͣ£Ͳ׽֮ľ롣
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磿ʲôô¼ҵĳƥʧس˲׽ӣ
ѵŭ
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Զ㣡
ķⶬ͵һţȫֹ
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ܿ췢֣ڱɢͣһЩֵͣʱˣȰ˵ǿ׽ӱߡ
üͷ壬һͬ飬һľᣬҲ׽ӡ
ⶬһ
ۣźˮĴ󽭿һǹһЦݣȻ˵ͷת߿
ⶬסˡ
ˡ
ƺˣ»صԺƴһüģ˵ӱͭǮ֮ûҴأǱڣ֮һΪǾӣû뵽ǲ׽ӡ
ۿţǸⶬˣ˵µ֣
ţǱ¼ġ΢Ц
棬Ͳģһ䣬յģүүĻĹԭȫⰡ
ѽϰĴֱɣ໰ҪʲôүսɷħӦͷ۵ģӦ𣿡
ǣ˵ڻ׷ɱ
׽ӵǱ̷ɽƺǺһЦҿӦǱ붯ˣ¼ҵЩˣͨ׽ֱӴӳ۹Ūߡ
ʱ򣬡˵뿪׽ӣͳ˳۹
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׽ӵĺӵס
ˮƥȻˣЩľȴˮţźˮʣˮ¿ۡ
Ԩ񾳵ΪУ̫ࡣ
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ܲԕF뿪ڳ۹ߵһˡӡ
ֻǡڲ׽ӣͨԻƥʧأеĺľڡ
ӣ˻ξߣѩһʤĿܶû
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ıԣʼƣ˵¼ҺڵԨԴĽӵķɺֶΡ
ֻϧ׽ûκλӦ
֪˶á

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짣Ǹ±֮ͷȣһᶥ
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೵ͷд¼ҵˣʱҲɫãȻأһһ̤
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ҲʱԨƿ¶֣Ҳ̤ᡣ
¶ǰͻȻԣͷĲлӵĻ˲һʶ䡣
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ЩСʶ̬طḻһƪ̵ˮ˵ķԣ㲻ء
ɶ˵ȴش
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짣Һ¼ҵȷûгԹ
һȻأֳͷȵ㣬иˣ¼ʽˣ룬㲻Ҫȥ֤ʵɣ뿪̳ǵһͺ¼޹ϸ𡣡
Ҷ֣Ǻ¼ҹȥ
۾΢΢Խɫ짣¶ϣڣȻŰ֮ѪѺȻӧҪѹ㣬ҿԵ۹档
¶Աߣ˵İӣӶûһۡ
ҩЧڣԨϣûӦ쳣ĻܺѪ
ӣۡ
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ԨԶԲԵɭ֣ϤɽҲЦ
ԦɷħǷɽϿշɹǶ۹ϽȻ֪ǶǱ̷ɽ
׽ӵĿӵ̷ɽǰʼֲ棬һСϪ
ˮҲӻƣ峺ࡣ
ɺˮУȻˮ⣬ӵĽضϣʲôˡ
̷ɽ
ŽߵģϤɽ֣Ԩ󶨡



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ĵԨӰл
ӣ֮ľԹڵǼλ
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ӣǱͭǮˣλôܰԼ
ƫƫ֮䣬û֮Լݣײأ˳Լ˳۹̷ִɽ߽硣
Ԩкξ壿
̣ҡ
ɫ¶Ԩ֣ӳһӣλıδ󺺣ʲôˡ
Խأ߬Ԩ֣·ַͨʽһ͵
˵Ҳֻ֣Ԩ֣ðĲ١
̣ҲиˣΪҶˡ¶ͦأǿ죬ĶˣҴ߰ɣ
ֻ¼ҵĿ䣬ӦΪ㲻Ҫ黳ͷȣЩ˵Ϊݽ棬Ű£ƴҪ㣡
ˣλɭȻЦС澣ûҼ˵꣬ûϢ壬ô㱾Ӧã֮󣬺һ̷ˣ
ȴΥˣ㣬¼ҶµԼ˶֣ʳϢ
С澣ԼѰȻҹҼˣ
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¶ֵԨ˼£ûɿ˼ץĸˣε˵ˣϰˣˡ
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Ԩڵ̳ӦƩڣץԨ֣ĸ֪·һͷԶŵޡ
ܵؾãֻԨ̣ܰϷ֡
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ӵһͷеţ˿еľ
ԣɫЩ͡
һһ¼ҡ˵һ飬뿪̳ǵһ̣¼ҵμͶ棬޹ϸ𡣡
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߼ѪԨΪ֮һ
顢ʱ֪ܶ壬ͺص塢һ򵥵ķʽѪĸߵ͡
һʮ
߼Ѫ塢һ£ͺĻξ޶Ӧ
Ѫովѣ߼
ԨȻأٴιͨİ常ףѵʮǿߣ峤ɣ
ʮʲô
ԪߣΣ
¶һѪ𲽾߼ζصĸףпǰǿߡ
ʮǿߣֲ̫أܹڶǿ߶ĿĽ٣á
ӵϣ˵ȥ
һֿܣǰĸף֪Ѫоطи룬˵ʼѪȽ׻ǺܸߡλףҪôˣҪôѪȼ
־֮ɷħʱӿڶɷħĺܶѡ
Ǻӵ飬Ԩ͡
ܹѪеģҲǾżǿߡֲһ䣬ԣʹǵڶֿܣѾͷĸףҲǰľżǿߡڰ壬ȻǺպ
Ԩͷ
ǣȴ˼ˣ¶ֱȥɷħ壬Ͱѯʡ
һλǾżİǿߣأ¶
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Уڸǿ
Ůĺٴοڣ˵ĻЩңĲ
Ԩ֪ǺٽһﵽʮɷħͿϵľѣһַʽ
ʱĺǻۻָ߱ʶ˳ӵҡ
һȼ˿Ǹո̤ϸ֮·Աеҡ
Ԩôˡ
ڣ˺쾰ˣڸ·ϣ
λԨȡ

Ԩɫһ䣬ܹǿӦǺͬȵĴڣĻ
¶ʱͷȥ½أȵ
Ѫﵽ߼¶̷ɽڶľһֲһ
Ҫشͷ˼ɱʵס
Ԩ۲һжϳ¶ֻ˴
Ҳ¶ڵѪ
߼İѪûԴԴϵأ¶ṩѪľͷ˼ѳ
ʱ׷ɱ¶
Ŷ
Щƣ¶ôһ˵ԹԵŲľƮɷħ
ڵˣӳ۹ˣиֿѣʱڱ̷ɽ˵ӡ
򵥽䣬ɷħʹͷڶϿշɹ

ȥߣһƵɫѪƯˣŤţ߰㣬ͷ˼ȥ
ף
Ԩ۾һʱֱӽ̳ͷš
תŵģӨ͸ĳɫ̳ԨѪС뿪¶짵ǰ
һƵɫѪ˼ǣȴ̳¶֮󣬱ǿŤת˷
ʱڣ徫ѪӲǱԨڵġ̳ǿȡᣡ
ߣϽߣ
µ飬ţʱɷħХ뿪
ѡתȵ·ӱ̷ɽǰ½ء
ոͷΪڣʱ¶סһʱѲˣͲظı䷽ˡ
̳عѪСʱ¶һһЦ˵ݴ磬㡭ǲǺһ
Ҳǣͷȵ짴󾪡
һԨЦҡҡͷ㿴ĶȻ̺Ѫɣеġ
ûٶͣعڵġ̳ЩɼѪ
ϴӾ֮󣬽ĳѪâֱܡ̰ɡ
ܶʬ塭
¶Ҳûֻۣһÿõľ۾˺ܶණҩڵĺܶˣͷĻкˡ
ôң짺ܳԾҩڵıվŵҩڰ䣬ҩڹȥ࣡Ҳҩҩİ
ҩڵı̷ɽڳ۹µ۹֮䣬۹м壬ҵҩڡ
һ棬۹ˣһΪҩڡ
˺ܶˣ
Ԩüͷ壬ۡĿԶ濴һЩʬ塣
ҩڵĲҩʦҩʦ
ߵ壬䣬ǱͷŰצ˺顣
һͷ­ͻȻӳԨһ̾
ǿͷʶǰݷݷ



ڰ˰پʮ 
Ѫ߰ߵּ䣬ݷݷʬ׷룬У͸žͻ̿֡
һ㣬ڱ̷ɽֵҩߣʮ֮ࡣ
Умλҩʦ
ÿһҩʦΪףķڶĵر
ҩʦ˽֪ɺͼϡ
ˣ飬Ƿˣ
զ಻ѣСУƺʵͷĸڱ̷ɽɱ䡣
ҩڵȷǿ󣬿ҩڱҩڣС
һӳ೾ҩ辫տо͸սҲĿټӳ೾Եͬȼڶࡣ
ӳ೾һȫɱеľͷ
䣡䣡
ɷħٽҩڵĻֺ빬ʱԨһѤõĹ
룬ֳҩҩ棬裬ȵȵۣһС
ȸڣڲҪ
ԸӦԨһҩڵĹֿһȣкȻһ˿Ӧȣ
ɷħʱǸǰͽΪϤɽȡ
ɽȳ֣ڶҪĶƣص׵Ŀֲ磬·һˡ
ɷɷħ
Ȼ󣬾ͼɽͷϲӵĸߺ
һλһλϾɣͷҩʦŸðͷ
ҩڵʯȻҲڵУڿɷħһ񾭣иһ¡
ͻȻ䣬ʯƺʲôæȵԨ뿪ȥ½أȥµ۹ȥﶼУ
ԨȻҩ״ҪΪ
һͷǱ̷ɽɱ䣡
㣬Ҫ۰

̬ӵЩҩʦһҪ޳飬ɷħţҰ
ô£ĸأأԨʯ˵
Сû̫ãյѶϢҴҾʹȥ½ءʯ٣飬뿪ãͷˡһɡ
Ļʯߡ
һɣͷ˷ȻǴҩǱߵõʲôָʾҩĬĲбУȻҩںΪ
ǰӣҩڵĳҢǰҩݡʱûΪɣܾҩڵҪ󡣡
УСԺ˵㸸׾Ǳ˵ҩҲˣһЩ顣
ʯǷֱԨĺ
ҩڵݣ
Ԩɫ࣬΢
黹ڱ̷ɽû뿪̫Զ㾡ȥ½أʯٴοʱ߰㲻ùǣȣеƣͷ˼ɣ롣
ã
ԨһҧҲ֪ڲǽʱ򣬾ʹ뿪
ˣ
˿̣е¶ͨ޴ڵľѪͷ鲼ۼ׷϶ķ֦׷Ϊľۡ
һֱϣ߸Բߣ̾Ϣأͷ
һȦʵĽɫԣ׳ľ
ݳߣһԲſһӡ
ȵƿУƾնһȦʺ硣
ʺһ֣еˣʱǱסıŹָС
иͷֱۣһԲ¶ݲľĻŵ˵ͷΧˡͷϵԲҲΪȻð

ʯȻһŵɫɭףλλڵ˰꣬ȺʱҼһأھڵĴޣںҲû˵ϵܺð
ˣ짲Ȼɫ
һ£ȻݣС磬˵鷳Ǹڵľף¼ûϵ
¶¶͸ǰɣ
һ˵ڵھޣȻ䣬ִ˱̷ɽ˲ԶҪԨƲϵ
ھĴޣǱȰ˼飬ҪȻĴڡ
ⱲӣֻǬ½ֻھ޵ţû
˿ֲȻǱԨֻкԨֿ·
ˣ
ڰ
ֹ짣ȵδͼ̣ͷϮɱҩҴߣҲŵ
ʯ
ˡ
һյȦʺ磬ƺǵ壬֪˾ڵھޡ
˶ݵľ룬ԷȻͷųԲȣؾûˡ
ּɷħķٶȣڣЦ
ֻܣϣ½صĻأһаʯ񡣡
ʱ˿̣Ԩ짵ĻٹҩڵЩˣʲô
;Իͨ½ء
ã̷ɽǡþ顱ǶСء
һ͸֪½أܵˣغаĻӦ
ǣݺȻҲ½أ

ѹľͿշ𣬴Զ˹
еĲʺ룬һ̬ǷӰȻ֡
һ鲻ԸӣվһȦʺڣͷȣ˵ס쾰Ҳ·ϡҾͣȲżˣ쾰á
ˣ͵͵·סԨʹĿˡ
һͷ˼ѵڵƶ̣أűȳ顣
ۼ׷϶ڣѪֹסѵ˿ڣѾȬ
˼ľָֻܵƤˣѪģʵû˽ǡ
ͷ׳ǰͣʱҡһ䣬һλ𺣬ͷǵӣ¶а³ǵС



ڰ˰پʮ 
֮⣬Ϊ̬󣬲ż롣
Ϊȵа֮û̷ɽǰѾ
Ļ󣬻Ŀ£ﶼ
ڱ̷ɽΪΪ֪ҩǱߣ˶ʦº׷Ҳװװӡ
ڱ̷ɽΪӦҩڡ
ҩڲҩڲԳָ֣ʹЩ飬ҩѪĽѵҩһʵ
ҩûܻסԼҩʦʵ͵̡
£ҩڻҪҩȣҪҩڣܼţڱ̷ɽĳȻλ
鲻ҩںҩʲôң֪ᱻҩڴɱ
飡
ͷ˼Ķ
짺ҩڵˣߺȣɫ
ʯɫأ֪ȵġĻ󡱣ֻǿΣγ󷨵ĺģڶĶ⣬Ͳʣˡ
룬뿪ǰѶһߣûŵصĵˡĻ󡱡
磬Ҳû̫࣬ķ֮һǲˡ
Ҫ̬׵ɽȣͿֲĻ棬磬ܶһЩ˺ˡ
ƫƫ̬
飬ȣ㹻죬ʵܱܿڵв
˺쾰ˣҲڵִ;УƲ
ԨͷĲʺȦӰģˣҲż
˿̵վѾͨͻأа񣬴ݵ½أݺӦҲյϢ
ǣ½ȣҲжξġ
ڣҲǡɲڣûоͨռߣ޷˲ƶͺѰ֡
ھˣڵԺ޷⡣
ֻϣ˲Ҫ֣˺쾰ˣһ㡣
Ԩ˸Ͷ갵ֳͨŽʣúڶɷħʱս׼

һ飬ɽ⣬̬Ϣ
һŸÿҶϢֱĻƣʱȡ
ϢһɽȣԺʶ鶯رܹ棬ƿ磬һɫߣֱ¶
У¶ȻҪĿꡣ
ңеΪɽûвľ
ոּ䣬ðѪ츳ƺ¶˿һϢԵЩҡ
ȣľݣûõ
İѪȼֻ߼ǰľ޴
޷
Ԩ鵭ȻȰοһ¡

һıӨͻɷħڷɳȵ¶Ȼ½ʹùˣʱһ֣˲䵽˺µݶ
Өڣһشؼ֮Ծţ̲żС
һϢӨꡱش죬ϢűĽܿͱ
ûżֻͷŵļ͵Ĺ
ɽ⣬ͷ˼ϣֳ첻ı飬¶Ǹ³ǵСӣǴǴ֮С
鲻˽ԨֻһЩ¼Űɡ
ȻҲ֪ɷħǿĺսǿߣͷ˼壬¡
ĺԨϢŹ֣ܹŹ֣
ҲǶԡĺԨ̫Ϥˣͷŵļ͸Ϣԥˡ
ոĵɱȵ飬ͻȻ侲
ԥһ£̧ͷʺȦڣǵӰԻѯ
ڵĳ쾰λˣܿͻᵽ㲻ԵƬ̡˻Ӧ
۾һͷʾᡣ
ԨҪӣ͸ϽӰɡʯˣһ˵ֻҪǵãԺǱУͷ
ӣ
Ԩҡҡͷָָͷˣڣ˭ҲӲˡ
⣬Ҳǡʯˡ
ǰҪߵ짣ȿ˴ͷ黯֮ɽȿڣҲˡ
ʱ˿̣¶ԨȻ·һ
ŰɣͿڵÿ죬½ص֧ԮĸʱˡԨĮ˵һ䡣
ȴ֡
ʵ˵ľǿפȣѹƺȻһеأ˺ɱ
Ҫȳ˺쾰˹
λڵˣѵɢϳţˣе㲻·ΪԭɣԨĥţ벻ףԲˡ
ˣƺҲǰͰأһǿߡ
Ԩӱ˿еϢˡпɢ޳ǰ˿֪
½ŴͿռ䴫֮ء
¹ӰݺվǿʯġԶͨ͡аɫԨڱ̷ɽΣգ
Ⱥ͵һ棬΢Ц
ݺһĪİˡ
̷ɽ㿴飬ڵˣ
һԵͭǮȻʧɫ˲¥Ѿͷ֪ΪڵݣȥЩʲôҵҵ¥죬ɣһ֮
ˣа˼飬ȥݺһۡ
ҡ
ͭǮȻˡ
㲻󷨣ȥڵɷħڣȡݺϿҽ飬أ˵ڵġ
ָָԶа
˵ģ
û˵¶˼Ȼ˴ȡ
Ҿͷˣ



ڰ˰پʮ 
ȡ
û˰Խһ󣬱㰲
ڰգҩڵҩʦԨ¶ˣ֪ܰȻҲפԭء
˶Ҫ̫ãڵĳ쾰λˣͻ
֪Ǳ֣֮ƫΪĸо˱
꣡꣡
죬ͻȻڹڴ
ͻ
аѪ¶СڲϵȻž˹â
ͣһƬҶ羫ϸ
¶м𣬾֪Ҷĸ
һֱûչ¶֮ôһͨΡ
ʱ¶ĸоҶ˲һ֣ѨϷɳѪ⾫
ҶʣƮ𣬸üġ
һֻɫ۾
â¶ǰ俪һס
ͬɷħԨ׹ߣһļ
꣡꣡
类ײѿ
ͬʱڵħĻס
Ϯ
ľУԨĺ
̣
¶һ󣬶ȻȻ
üĶһѪεҡΣ̣ѰҰ

Ԩ̾һۣ짵ĻǾ𣬸ûһ˿µĿܡ
ϮߣҪĻֱ¶짡
ڹؼʱӦúü֮Ͻұڵĺܣ˶Էһ
¶ŲҶɹһ١
΢ûǿػҲûڴȣϾ粻㣬һɱ³
ˣ
ҩڵʯۿɷħԨ¶ͬʱŭĿ򣬡ھΪαд˱ֶΣȫԹ󣬲ɣ
ʺȦڣӣί˵ҡ
ҡ
һݵߣȵµĿƮȻĮأɨʯһ£ҽ쾰
쾰ˣ
ҩڵҩʦţ׷ױɫ
ڵ쾰ˣǬ½ûÿÿɱ顣
˵УһλóǱɱӰҶˣ쾰ѧϰɱգ쾰˼ΪƳ硣
ӰҶ֮£ǼùģĴҲһܡ
쾰ˣھߣһֱڲ켺صߣ˲֪˲
쾰ӰҶһһڰڵѴѪС
ˣԱ˵Լ쾰Ժ֪ݵҩҩʦͻȻưˡ
ʯҳžߵŭ⣬ȴ쾰¶󣬳Ĭˡ
Ϊ֪Ȼߣȴڼ˵ɢºͣ˵һλ
쾰ǡ෴һԲϣɱ䡣
쾰ҩڵˣɱһͨеˣ֪쾰Ƣһ˵ţвҪҩڵĵط
ĻԺεӳ೾Ǻڳŵҩ
ߴ˶£̷̫ɽֺ쾰һֱҳϣҺδԪ񾳣ڴ޴ĵλ
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мˣɴɽȵĶѨͷ¶
ɱ
쾰һأɷħ
ԨۣЦ˵Ⱥζҳ֣һڳĮȡɷħħĪнסΣҲûþ飬ĳ룬ҪϢ档
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ҩڵЩҩʦһɽƾճ֣ŵ¶棬ڳŹڵİȫѴӡ
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£ҩڵĵصңһЩ;ƶΣҩаҩʦ
ʵӶڸ֣ħĻɽ
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ѹ˴ԭдɷħ
쾰һ̣ȷǰšĺԨϢļɷħɷħڣѴӺسΪƾƴ󶦣ڲɣ
ҲʱһŶͷˡ
šĽ𡱵ĳˣͷ˼ɫЩѿȴŭԡ



ڰ˰پʮ ȫ
ĽڳУٿȻһ䣬ƻһͷצ
һƬƬӲӵۣâĿڲصϢ;ѪطڽƬչ£͸ۼϸҡͷβ
˽˳նɱһͷ߼צΪУƤΪʣѪϢ֮󣬾ƶɡ
Ľ𡱣ͽ۵Ժշת֡
ͷȥצѪȽȻһצĵλҪԶһ塣
ӣѪͳԵͼ
ɱצѪԨԴ㣬Ӧ峤á
ôһλ߹Ľ˶ɱһɱԺ֪ڵˣڣħǰ㣬Ӳ۵ס

鰵̾Ϣ֪šĽ𡱣ͷʵҲһʾѹƣǲ¶
ڣλھޣ˵ʸԪ
ʱ꣬ưԺݵ壬ڿӲڵʵû
οںԴ½ڣһǿ׳
ڱսڡںԪڵֶΣ΢ʩӵѹһͷͷҪԲ˶ߡ
˼˺ѲľҲûʢˣһ߸ϵ̬š
ˣҲͷˡ
˷·ڲʺȦˣһۿȥбԲǧһһεģ쾰ҪΪʦֶ𣬾Ϳһ㡣½̫ˣҹζ࣬¶ˡ
šĽ𡱵ĳ̬ڵĺܸߣʱԴǺ̬Ϊأ̫á
ǼһȽɽȡ˵ͷԲɵ̬Ը飬ɽƿɷħħܹĻ
ңָԼ
ͷ
˼飬ʵ൱װ˼ʱ䲻֪ǳ˶֣οڳλˡ
һӲڿһۣ˵ҲֻܹԹˡ
ǵãɷħʱԳҶϤΪ֮սдֻ̬ǵǿ󡣡һ䡣
ǿү
ĵ״Ȼƣ磬Խ׳ײɷħԱܲЩصΣգȻˡ
ģһտ㡣
˺һеġĽ𡱽͵Ͷɷħ
ĽڰУһ½壬Ľɫۡ
һۣĶشСɽȣӲӵĽɫâѹɷħΡɽӳá
ϸȥܷƬƬɫһ֣ɽͷ·
һ⣬㣬쾰˱ĸɽɽܡ

ɷħϷһ㺮ұܲס˿µڶâ
Уһشصı棬Ҳڱ⼤ţСı
ʱѴɷħɳλֶ׾쾰ˣս
ɽѹɫۼӳ֣վڶڵԨͷһֻһƬȻɫ
ħܹĻ
ݣݴ硭
¶λʬ壬תսǸͷȣ΢Ҫһʱ䣬ȥ
쾰һеҶֽ𪲱ͷ͵ԡ
˿̣˿˿ƵѪע
һƬҶеľ֮Ѫڽںϣ·ַͨʽ
ͷȣ¼ƣ̬ʩԹΪý飬й¶ٺܿأһҪʱ䡣
ԨԾȣҶ˿ġ̳𶯡
֪ͬѰкܴ¶ĸףµġ
쾰飬λһλ˼ھˣڸ߿ѹ󡣡ԨͷҲȴ꣬˵ҾΪ

ͻȻ䣬ǧͷ̬ɷħӴӿһӳȣ޴ڡ
ɷħΪ壬޾еҲ硣
ѪΪ壬ɷħŲΪУðͷ֮Ϊ룬µС
ƵħƼ׺ѪͬһݵǿɷħԶٽǧɷħҲղ
Ѫ¹ѡͣƵ޽ᡰС
ƵħΪһյƲӲӵڲȼհɫ棬ܱӿɷħ񳱵
УΪħɷħǰа۶ɣܹħаսʱרע
һɫӳڶʬ壬γһΪʬɽС
һ߾ߣʬɽʬ壬ɷħ
һߣڶɷħ꺣ɷħĻˮУƯһõɫС
һֻֻͬɫ۾
ħʬɽڻѡ֮ɷħܶõȫС
λȼͺһ൱ڻξߵɷħԨ֮ŲΪУɢɷħܱ߰ա
Ѫﵽ˽׵飬û˵ģ̬ܹ綾ɽС
һɫ˩סʬɽʱһѪѹƣ˳ָС
һطѰħӽʱ·߽
Щ߽ܶʱԼ꣬ŭ־ʱȻȻ˥ʱһͷͷǰҽС
ӣͻͻͻģʹ
ħǱĬӰʱĽ˻һ̬⿪ֱӾͻʮ׳ɫ
໣
Ӵľһֳƣв־ϣ۷϶͸Ѫ⡣



ڰ˰پʮ 
̷ɽͳ۹֮أ׽Ӿͷ
ˣվںϴһصģ¼˿䣬ʬ֪˵йһս
šˣϢȻԡ
үӦÿ̷ɽˡһ̧ͷͿľïȺɽ̷ɽҩڵأڵˣ̫ܺɣ
㶮ƨ
һۣڵĵУѹ˽⣡ͷ⣬ڲưոݡҩڵıվҩڣ˺ӳ೾˽Ҳġ
ˣҲˣ˵ڵ̬ȡ
̾Ϣһ˵թգ쾰ײкݶټϾˣûǿԮڱ̷ɽֵˡ
ǣƵ
Ҿã˿̹ȥǸҡһ޿κΣҵľûеξ֮ڣǸҹȥһڵĻ
һ򵨴죬°һغҲÿƺˡ

ԱߵĲ׽ӣͻأðһλɫӣһ˫ıۡ
Уһźɫˮ
ˮڣӣ类ĥĥ⽦䡣
һ֧Ů˶޳֣ʱ׽ӣһˮȻľӨʵʺ󣬶׽Ʒȡ
һ£۾·𱻴ʹˮֱ
۵ӣ͵Цţ߬еĺɫˮ
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ӣ
ƺȻʧɫû뵽Ƥӵ£һľŪ׽ӵ϶ͷ˱³
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˻ңһԼǰɷħ֮ǰҹһԨСӵ
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֪㡣ɫĮǾȤζĵĺɫˮһץ
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ܻĥӣӱҰʹʱ̣ÿһ룬ڳżµʹ
Ҳˮƽģ㣬͵ˮ֮
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ɷħһУɵŲҲţӡΪ۵ɷħսУٸǧɷħһͷ˼Ҳ̫ѡ
еԨű˵ܡ
ɷħ֮ϣʹ쾰סû뵽ͨ󷨵ϣҲꡣ
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챦ҲԼģǳĶ͡
ѹ֣ڵĲܼô߿㣬Ϊ֪ͬࡣ

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ɽɴ죡

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ǵĽɫɽǲͣ٣ȻѸѹ
ۣ
ڵԨܿƵ³ѪƤѣ˲䱻ش



ھŰ ս
Ԩ͹е飬¡
׳ӴţѪעζ˱ǡ
ϻ轣ʣԡնͷųһ糺콣âԨԡѪϸܵ˺ۣѿѣƤ֮֡
пĵˣУѪǡ
þ򰾵ģǿѪûп쭳ƤĲ֣ҲΪɲ
Ԩ಻ԡ
Ľɫɽ޷ɽͽâͱĴҵײǶʹ
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սýڵĽ⡢âսȥֻǽܣͷĽ⣬˶š
ڣֹǽܣⶼһ󣬵Ȼ޴档
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Щ΢СġɫϸꡱˣѪģޱȵԪ׺ͻס
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ԨĴУġɫϸꡱ΢ϸĽιǸ⡣
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Ҫҵ񣬶һɢҵڿ־֮أԴͷЭͣڿ־֮ص񣬸ĳоǣҺԨԴ֪ʲôԭ򡣡
һͨͨ
ԨͻȻˣ˺쾰ţͷ˼Ҫٶȣһʱɱ
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٣̴ú찡
ԨЦţŲ³Է˼ᶨˣζҪȥڵóԸ
һſŲѪĵ裬¡
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Ҿֻ̾񾳵㣬֧ôá仰Ϊϣս㶼԰ˡһĲܼ󣬵걻ʱҲˡ
֣ԨҪԼͽöõĸо



ھŰһ ɽ
ԨƬۣʼʱ죬ȴĳһ̣ͻȻ쳣
ʶСУֳɫǳڷ׳ס
ں⣬֮䣬һ໥淴
ɷħģڵġɫǳԽԽʱԨʶСصǿţ֮ӿ졣
ڵĿ졣
ǣƬ̹Ȼۣ治쳣ڼС
ôһӣŰһƬָֻۣ׸һ㡣
ԨʶһɫǳΡΡɽ
ɽǳշţԨʹ̫ѨͻͻأҪը
ָоɫǳǣԴᱻű
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ǿӨӨ˶ǳ֮׷ᡣ
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ִǣȻڳӽԺУǺǿƾճֵɫǳ
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ʶĳһ̺Ȼһֱ鶯ŵ񣬳ɵ˰㣬ƺ֪ôˡ
ǿɫǳϱţ׶ͽơ
ֹʱͷųɫǳո˹
ɫǳ͵һҪקȥͷߡ

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⽦ʱոԨʶСصĴƣð
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Ҳʱ
ԨʶСصʶָֻ糣
ƯʶСصĶ꣬һЦ˵ˣӿɷħ㹻Ҳָ˲սڵңɽʶа֡
ոԻģǿɫǳǳ˵һ
𾪵ǣ˻ַǼ½ħֶΡħԼʦƳУΪħߡǻڣҲмħĻӰǱꡣ
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ͨ
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ߣߣ
öһȪ𣬡䣬ûг֣Ҫ߾ߡλˣȻ˱УǾͱ뿪ˡ
䣬۵ͳ죬Ȼ



ھŰ 
ˣ
ɷħУԨХХ˻ͷɡ
żĿֲڣǺӣһ£ӽ֮󣬻ָ۷սûԪǿ٣޵еġ

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ɡ
Ԩֿ죬Ǻһɷħͷ죬ڶɷħȫع󶦡
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¶еҲھӿľ֮ӨӨģɽжɫ󶨵Ԩ򦣬Ź֡
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Գ쾰ľֶΣûİ޿ɽȡ
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ʺȦ£һˮ峺ı̺Ȼγɡ
ǺеĴĳࡣ



ھŰ Ե
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ҩڣǶ֮󣬴ûۿǡףΪҩڣǰҩļᶨ֧ߣ
ʯһ仰ؼ
ΪǵԨ꣬һԲ



ھŰ ̬ת
һϪӣˮⰻȻѻɷħŴշš
Ϫӣ˴ƻ͡
ӻ짵ĻѪŮۿԽԽԶЩģ־ȥùͷ亹
¶Ѻվڡή֮ϯԣͲ
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ͣлˣҲƳԾ׷ѯʡ
ԨҡҡͷǿһЦûʲô
뵽ԯݺͬھ˪ı𡭡
Ȼе𾪣Ϊ֪£Ҳãˡ
ķӦ֤Ԥصѹ
ôϤ߻۹Ϳ̿ܶɱض˶ѣһСĴ½
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Ԩݼ򣬻ݼҵˣʱع鰵³ǣ׳˶ŮӽڣҲɷħ壬ϼҵˣˡ
ϼ֮Ϲ磬µ۹١
Ϲ粢ûкһͬɷħ壬Ǻͻҫ۹ĵһɽȽʲô
ԨԵʱ½½ģϤˣɷħ
ģҲ侲Ȳĵط롣

Ȼ䣬ɽһָߺ˳
Ϳռ䴫ڣһλһλΪ˵Ĵڵأͷųܣ
ѣһ㣬˵һ¹ء
ȻһЦǰӭȥЩƬҲѰ׵Ĵ
ɷħأҲһϢ
Щ˺ĴڣǧϿɣѹ׷ɱߣҲѶ
ԵЩԥûŽ



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ɷħϽŵһ壬վʮߡ
ɷħڵȺɽ֮䣬˳ӿ
ഫ˵е壬ͺصߣּۻۣʲô
᳤ǰԱģһ̸ۣҲˡ
ҲӶ᳤֪̻ͨᣬһεϻ᳤
λһ̻ͨᣬ̻ᳬڡҩڣɼ½ϲǿĴţ
Ҳȥ֪ǽɲɡ
ȻУҸոע⵽˺һŹȥʱûбֹ
ҵĵǣһȥͱ˸ˡ
ʮߣСţʱա
·ϣһֻֻε۾Զǡ
氲ֳ֡챦طܶ½ϸ΢ֻҪ氲ģֻҪ룬ܹ߶ǵĻݡ
氲ȻУڵԪ񾳴ޣħǿ᲻֪
Ϊ㣬ǲŻԥ
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ֻǣǻںأˮѳɳҲˣһǻٵֵҪʮʯ
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ɽϣһȺ˶ڰ̾ϢĻ㽵أɷħȺɽֹ˼ɺɻʼղһ
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뿪һ£³ͻȻʲôͷĭ˵һ䣬ˣˣӴĺڼľľģں磬ʵ
ĭһжʱֳϲĹâ



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Ԩı³ϲԱأŲȻǹ⣬䵽ɷħ塣
Сֵܣϴ˵ģƵȱĲϣռˡ³ܲ΢Ц˵ʱʼΪҩҲ㱸ݣʧΣа𣿡
Ԩǰ½ʱӦֻҪ㹻Ϊһöٵ衣
ֻǣмϺ̫ϡ٣Ա³Ҫⳡͽ׻ᣬȱ˴
˿̣³еƵϣѳﱸϣͼԨˡ
ҩ
Ԩ˳ǣЦ졣
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ʱԨҲǺ档
ĵ裬νʢҾȥơԨ򦣬һǰҺ֪ǻ٣һǱߣֵ
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ǻǺɡǱߣϡ³̹ȻңΪǾߣҵѪʱεأǻٱֻԡ
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ȿȣڼľأԨʡ
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кܶ࣬ڿսݵǺص磬ۡɣһõǺӣǸǻԸսҪ³һ̾ҲΪΣǧħǿߣԵɡ
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ͨⳡʢĽ׻ᣬ᳤صıߣȫͷ֪ڶϡ챦ܹúٵļ۸¡
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᳤Уһӡ
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ʱԴ½ߴڣ½ĳħڣаڣ֪ɷħڵϸڡ
ڶ࣬Ǻӵ챦ģԵ۸õϢһ䶯
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˻һԨ΢΢ɫ
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ʱĳȪԵЩΣƺ֪ˣȽѲ



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ڶǺӵǿߣʥŮǣ׷ӦһĿۣ𾪡
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Ԩڵ̳ȻӦ·ͻȻŮڣҲһƵģȴһµġ̳
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λʥŮڣӵһɽĶ
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Уԭ۹Ľңǵһ͵˻߷ԡ
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ڳ۹Ǳߣδɱ쾰ͳɼţҲڱϮɱһıʣڴߴ֮ףġ
κˣԤϲľ޴𵴣
᳤
᳤ˣ
ͻȻ䣬̻ͨҪԱͱ̨֮ϵӰ
ҳԣ̸һ̸ɷħڵǳ׻ᣬǸӦԣоǣ̻Ժķ򣬸Ķ

ɷħ塣
ʥŮĵ桰̳ٽȻɷħУСɷħ
Ԩ۸֪ӲϣᵽһΪϤʥζ
һڣλİ׹ǣġ׹ʥǾӨӨ׹ǣһشɭ׻棬׹ŵĹҫ
ͻȻ䣬ԨʶǾ߰׹ǵԭˣʮа˾űǿߣ
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С֣Լؿڣ޽һӡǣͼѤõĹӰɽ۸ûˡ
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Ԩ̾ѣֻⷽ϶ԡ̳ʶǿİ
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㶼ܸӦԨһ
䣡
һѪسţ޷ƵѪ̳
Ȼͼ챦ʯġ̳бް㣬˲ġ֮񡱣Ҫһ¡



ھŰһʮ ɱ䷽

ɷħȺɽ֮䣬ܶǿ壬дӻĴһֲĸӦ
ᣬѪЩǿڣȻؿɷħ塣
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û˭ߣ͸Щҫ嶥ڷʲô
ΣͣԨˣ׷ɷħ忿£
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һϮ۵գ᳤һ˫ɫɷħķ嶥Ƴһۣ㵭ȻЦҲؽţûʲô
¸ص᳤һڣ
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ʥŮһЦ̳ƿ˿ѽӣʲôҪʲô
˵ʱġ֮ڣһ߽֯ǧ̬仯
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Ԩһ󣬸Ͻ£ͷͣ
תһѪâġ̳ٽ֮ʱʱֹס
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ȥҲͬľѪһҪ̫࣬ҪԽԽá
ܶأľѪûΨˣѸٳɳµľϲ
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ҵĹ֮ͨۼĹԴǿ󣬶ɱ䡣̫֮⣬ǳ֮⣬֮⣬Ĺâ𣬾ʯĹâеģܷ֮ͷųĹ⻪ܾ֮ӿ
Խ࣬ĴٽЧԽãɳҲԽ졣
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֪ΪΣܸоͷ̤صǿվޣһֱı
ңżܸоͷǿվ޼ǺӣҲԼĳʱ̣Լһ¡
ãһԾ
ȻۼľѪ̳ĳɳɱ䣬ʹԿ
ţⳡƴĽ׻ỹھٰ죬嶼ڵʱ
ǣ䵽Ⱥɽ䣬Ѱҳ۵徫Ѫ

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ӿܣʩյаӡΪȺһ档
һ䣬ɫСڡǡƵ֮ϣͼֳչʾ
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ݺΣֻüţع
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ң뿪ˣݺϲ
˵ͷ𣬵ȳ½أֱԿռƿ񷣬˲̤Ǻӡ



ھŰһʮ ն
ɽλǰ̯λϰڷŵһСʯӡ
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ЩƣǺԿ̣ġ
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һ֣Ǻĳδ׳ظȻɡ
һ֡ʯ۹ЧͲʣѷɫڶ֡
ɼǵһ֡ʯҲΪںڲһ֣ڶ뷽跨չ
ΪʯߣɱĹؼġ
γɵġʯе磬ɻξ۷ǿߣټʮֱģ֮ܽĳ
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ɣԶֻڿ׳ظڵġʯֻⱲӿû
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ɼǣҵЩʯͷǴҲΣգͬҪ

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ܶԲֹʮʯ
ݺݵأôһ仰һƤЩʯȫװҿһۣ߿ˡ

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ͬ׵編лûǰǿĶ࣬ȥս
ʯʱûʲô쳣һУ뿪ʱ̲סһʯͷʱ͡ʯеӴʱл󶼾ܲ
ţ£ֱɷħ塣

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ʯһ͵أվһ滨ݣۡ
Ʋݣǧʯ
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ҩڵţÿÿ棬ŤŤʯעƤӶ΢΢һ
һλⳤ̷ۣοݵİϸ飬
վ˰ˣ㵽׿һˣϸòߵ
ʯ촽죬¶ɵһЦݣȫҪ
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ҿ㱣ֲ֤ﻨݣҶܹ

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Ԩһۣͷְ磬ﹺʮƿѪҺоƿеѪҺദ֮ľѪ
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ھŰһʮ 
ɽһЪϢʯͤ
΢ۣ̬أˣԨҴҵأǶüЦҾ֪
ЩѪˣȺɽ֮εѰʺԼĺ
Ψаɽʼͬ࣬ϼӷţ⡣
Ѫ̣ǺҲ˺Ĺ
ɽģ˻в֪ߵغ壬ԹѪ̵ĿûϮɱ˽ڵŮ
Ѿͷ֪Ԩڣôһ͵̳ɽ
Ȼأ죬ЦһѪʱѪյһ̽Ǵ֮Ҳȷ֤ӵһɵ̳֪̳ԣǺѪħ峤ơ
ɽݣˣ
ΪѪ̴ʼ֮һ֪ǺӣѪħ壬Ѫ̺İѪطк֮ܶͨ
ܶѪ̵ˣ޵񾳣̤⣬Ѫħ˺󣬶ָ
ɽ֪ڵѪħ峤Ǻӣǿ塪ħ嵱УǰĴڡ
˵λħ񣬾߱ġ̳͡
Ԩƣζţ
ҪǽѪ̣ǵطѪ֮ɾӦüߡһҾǿǱʣƭǰѪ񵺣վѪǰѪڵѪڶߵȼвľѪ
ʱֻҪȥڵ̳ͻԷ
ӽѪ֮ĿھֻҪڶУ϶ת
⣬߷߲ƽһ⣬ȴܾҪӺˣ
һͿǬУһƿƿɫѪ
ЩѪݳȻ΢ЦϣǸʥŮ˵̳ԺҪԹң
ҿ㣬ƺϲɽȻʧЦ
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ɷħˡħ󡱵ۺŦΪ˵ԨȺɽ֮䣬һˣȻ׾١
ݣ
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үˡЦݲãһ룬үϼңҾء
ݼңǰҵĹϵҸ֪áԨǰɽҲͷ⣬ϣУһЩѪоѪ࣬Ȼ͸òˡ
ԲסطҲҪЩѪġ̯֣ڳһĪļƣүֻͨҪ᳤˵һǶȻỨʱ䣬ȥռġ
Һ˵ˣ֪ˣǺӰռԨ˵õ
Ͳ̸еأ뿴徫Ѫ롰̳Ч
ⳡ׻пܱϯ˷صĴս뾡ܵأԼս
Ϊ̳ӶѪǴֿɼĽݾ
ǸҲЩѪ粻Ϊ
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ҪβſϸԨε
ʺѪ̵طΪƫҪִԲ򣿡Ʋ죬Ѫ̣ŰٶָʽľѪԣûǾѪѪЩѪںڵأǺӵ塣
Ѫ̣Ը徫ѪĿ󡣡
Ѫ񵺣ֻҪ̤ѪأѪ̵һˡڣܴصЩѪҵһ̳ү㣬ֲѪأ֮㣬Ҷȥ

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ԨĬĬ
ðΣڰߺͣʱԨüͷʱ֪ڣôһ̳ң㻹֪̳󣿡
ͷ
Ϊʲôң
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Ǿ
һ˵ͨԨҲɴ࣬˵ͷתߡ
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࣬һ£ܴУնѪҺ
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ʱȻţѶĸɢޣȺɽ󣬲ض顣
Ҳٵģ˵Եļ۸ȵǣض㣬ֻԼԥʧ
½ģǿߣռ䴫ǰ½ء
졣
һΡ׳ĹƯٽ
֮ϣڵĲܼɫƽԶɷħ壬Ԩʱ۾һкϵܣǡڸһƴĽʢᣬʶʶ
ܼףȺɽеڶߣ
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ܼôˣ
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ݣ
ͣˣйޫhı³Լͬɷħ塣
ڵұ֮ϣɫ᳤ͫλ켶ʦ۵ʱҲ΢΢ü
ܼµţڶһ
ĵˣ𾪸ⳡĻĽ׻ᣬȻƽһ⡣



ھŰһʮ 
ûڵˡֿ죬Цһܼôĵӣûͬ߻εѵ֪Ǳӣܶ嶼ɱ
۾΢УҲûԪںͽڵǿٽ
Ԩʱڣˡϣɫ᳤ͫһЦտأֻݽ豦ءǲܼҪҪŽ
˻һ˵ڶԨ
ԨݵλҲ᳤仰ˮǴߡ
ͣбߣ֪ڵĴ
˿뿪ʱ᳤ȻƣԨˡ
˼ϻߣʶԨԲͬѰ
ȿȡ
ĿĹâԨһûӳԦɷħյĹȥ
УԨɫĮҲȵֻ֣һ䡣ڣһݹǣ
ҹͱ޹ءԼһѵݣʶʶܼ£Ҹڼ½һؾɹ񡣰պصĹأߣҪεǺӣͨս
أͬĥҡ
ϵܣȻܾҵĽܷ񣿡
ܼһδ˵ȫȺɽеˣѾը
ͻƵˣ
ڵıӻ£Դ½Ȼڼ½ڸܼ󣬹ǺôǺ͵
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ܼ󣬾һ£µĴʹ˵
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
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Сһ׮ԨЦ
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Ԩͬ£ܼȥǴ͵ɽӺͰУ˼ϡģȻȥ̻ͨеѡ˼صߣﻹھ̾
˵ţûȥǺӣûӴ磬ɷħڼʶʶȥսˣŲ᲻֪롣
ܿ죬ɫ
ⳡʢ׻ᣬҲβܼһεڶĿĸ棬ͷβֵĶܵȻ
ϵܣлһ·ͬлᣬ»ڣҶúÿܼȺɽ֮⣬ҾϿҵ˵úءԺΣԨҸ߿ˡ
ԨЦͷ
ٻඣ
ͷų칬ӡΡ빬ܼУޱȵأ½ķȥ
ħħء
СӵĵһǾ塣վԨԣ˵սնʹɴ˵غܶ壬һعءڵһٵλͲ൱
ӣԺ˲áΪȻҾû˭񾳣㺻ʵ˵Ҷò̫š˵񲻾ãƺֵͻһĹؿڡ
ĸоûÿһͻƣʵ˼¡ˣŻƾ֮ƺٴƾͶԲܼۣҲǼߣǿѹƾ磬ֻͻơ
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ѾǴˡ
λҪ棬ֹ̾
ԨûԣٴλصɷħԺʼЩܸо鷢
½½ģӿڴ˵ˣͣɢ
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۹½ش͵ĴͻȻһε״Ӻչɫð
չ
һ΢΢ɫԤϵ·
չŸ½صĴûкúôǱߣȻ϶ʲôⷢ
ʦ᳤
չռ䴫룬Ҹһֹۣ
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ڵұߵ᳤һɫ⣬Ԩŵɷħ̧һϣһɫĻͽɷħ֡
Σûߵͣչı³ޫh̽
ˣڣлڡѪ̵ˣͬ
˵˵ɡ᳤ߴ١
һˣͼͨµͨعʱ˲⡣չһͨü䲻ȶŤˣͨڷҽк󣬱㲻֪١
᳤Ԩͣ³ޫhֻ΢΢ɫ
ûˣСС
˵᳤
ͨ϶ǳ⣬ҵжߡչΣʦͨ໥ģû⣬Ǿһˡ
أε˵ͷ϶Ĳ²⣬˵ǸĿռͨڣ򿪺άȥ½ûô˵ģ
ҲڡչЦԼƿĻȥǺӡǰ뿪ģûлҳʼ⣬ֻǱˣֱͨб䣬Żɡ
Ԩʲô
һǲҲ¡չ̾Ϣ
仰һɽˣֺȻĬ
鸺ͨ˱ʣȴȻ⣬ٳûй̫Ρ
ܶص壬ðգֱƿߡ
ңвѪȼ߱ƿǿսڣֱǺӵ
ɣѾˡı³˵



ھŰһʮ 
ҹĻ缴衣
½ڶɷħȺɽ壬һλλħصأһصİӡ
ڲħҫţŤռ𵴡
һѤõ⣬һš
⻮ƺڰԼƳһ㣬ͬĹ½룬Ѥõľ

һâİҫһƱ
ڣǳ֮
һλŮüͷ߰ĳ䶯ţʾĵĲͷ꣬ڣ̻ͨô·
Ӧǣǲıʣһλ˵
ǺأɵϳǱܲһĵ˵
Щִͨͣ˿ܳء
ǳʢĽ׻Ļ֮е壬ջЦݣԴĻȡ߶ʯУõ䱦
ǼŻع飬ҪЩʯ䱦ڣҫһԼĹѫ
кܶˣȺǵϢεأɺصȥѪĥΪǿ
ڣͨĲȶֱǵͷһ
Ǹˡ
ŮħͷԴݵĮ˵ͨ˵صŤңкܴܣΪһߡͨ˫ģߵⲻأ¨ӵģǱߡ
ǱߵĿߣǸĴûŪá
һڳǿߣ侲
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ЩµսԲͨҲܳƵǺ֮ɣһλŮѯʡ
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ھŰٶʮ 
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⽻֯ϯϣһشػâײţÿһɲڽǧٴν
ϯ׹䴦ܱߺʯأѿһ
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ʱִƵĹŻڣҪˡ
Уٶ۵ĵ̺Ȼڶ̶̰ʱ䣬һôܵˣ
֮սҪٴ֤Լ֤ڣ
ħǱߣ֮󣬾ƿ󡣡Ҳգ⣬ڲͬʱսսٴڣܻع֮ס
һҶζĿ⣬ˡ

رء
İ崦ԨͷɷħһӶͷųȥ֪¡
عԻ̬ЦЦ
СӣǴ󶦵꣬ƺǳ½أԻСٺһЦ㣬ȻõϿɣسһϵδؾܽ¡
Ҫ֪½صֻ֮ء
һ仰û˵꣬غرɫ
ԨͷųģһƵĻȻһ׾ٵһӶʯ졣
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عĵЦȻֹ
һ̣𾪵һĻ棬֮
һƻɫϪˮһӶʯʱһغԨȫȻһµĻӰƮƮأüķ롣
壡ңǱǶ
ع飬ȻѿΪʲôѵɷħĶ꣬½أǱĽаħ֮һԣҼûаħ
ǰħǱڵĹأ˼⡣

Ԩ뿪üʶѨϣѭűܣһʯ졣

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ⷽصɵĳ˺
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ͻȻͷڵ֮Ѫڣ͵һֲһεƾս٣˺ǵ꣬ѹǵѪӲ
һͷͷվֹ롣
ʱһıϪӣû뵽
ڴڣϪӻΪһɣֳɹľ
˵һ͵ؿ֮½أԹϵԣһն̨춯



ھŰʮ ն̨
ԨһĶá
Ǳص׿ӶţӲȥ·һʯ졣
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˶ݾ룬½أվ棬أɷħһı޷֪
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ԨҲ͵򣬡£ʲô
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նɱľ꣬Ѫʬն̨Ϊն̨
ն̨ǻһΪڵ
˵رİ壬ǰΡⷽرȺɽʣûǰءǽ£һˡ
ն̨ϣɱٴβʢĿܡ壬ҲܵһλʮѪ񡣡
ڸʱն̨ս󱻴顣ɼʹ飬·֮ϣ
صڲ
£֪˲ࡣǰȥն̨ڲصꡢʬѪϧʧˡֱҴӲܼУûħܹѪ̳һն̨
⣬ֿһۣ𶯵ĵصס

ǰƮеأӿӶɳҫżĹâԨ˵ˣңѺ˵أңҺһλŮսǺӣ·ն̨
ŮȻɫ
еԻʱڵľ֮һ
ͭ޹׵λҲ
ڣλÿһԪ񾳵۷ޡ
ն̨ҲλǺҵʯɡ
ڱڣħƷʱն̨ѣѺŮҲն̨
ˣλն̨ԴǺӹ;УħɱǺ֮⡣
ԭһڵˡԨȡ
ɷħеĴһЩڵĻɷħڱģΪңӡЩ㱣λҴն̨ҵұɷħ꣬Ƕҵһֱ
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Ҳ˵ִھ۷壬ֻһԪңȥǺ֮⣬ͼѰڣȻ֪
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ȻִأµĿӶֵǣ㣬Ҳѵն̨סˡҲ֪ʲôȥ
ݵһطصףʧ
عɫԨն̨ĹؼִƵѪ̳ն̨еͰ׹ǲ
ն̨նɱԨȵ
ʮͷʮѪ񣡡ɫ粻ˣն̨һǱˣֻҪ֮ϣص壬ͱQ

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ԨӦѡһƧ֮أȥԻξĽ
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ˣһ
صףʲôϯȡ
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ѺڽؼǧأһһִʱֱҪѪ
ն̨ͨѪ̳ٽһͰ׹һҲΪڿ־֮ʧ󣬸ɾضĸԭ
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Ԩ񣬻Īȥ֪ͷʲô
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ҡһ䣬һݵģɫ糤ͷССǵӡ
ħǱ³ȻʧɫŵʧС
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Ԩһ㶣أǰǺӵͷ
ħ壬ķʴѪִ̳ƣ˵⣿櫰ԨһۣҪûѺ½أӦǴħˣΪǺħǰǿߣ
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Ѫ̳Ķѯʡ
šһ䡣
ŶǾû£ϣƿܿսӰ櫲ٻʲôֵͷһ·Ӷת뿪



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⡣
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һӺϵ򡣬ƽǹɹģƺǻǺѪʧˡ
ҡһ䣬ΪˣƲԳ޾޵񣬿½ء
ˣ׷ױΪˣվ档
ǻǧ˽Ƕβ׵£Ҳ֪ն̨Ĵڡ
ʳĴֳ޺ն̨ȣֱֵһᡣ
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һеľȣ
ֻҪն̨ѹźصѪ޾ͱѹƣ޿ִܵռ
ûʮ壬ԶԺڣħƽȶԻ
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򡣬Ϊһͷϵצն̨֮ϣӦóΪʮˡ
ڣָٹ⣡˪Ī
۹ߣĴ౻
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ƺõ˻ָʾ֪һͷͷѾڣħ⣬ڵצ
ˣһͷͷڴ⣬˺С
˷أǿߵǺ㶨ģն̨ѹһ겻ûʧȥȻ˱ߡڵĻع飬ζԪǿ
ǣɫ͸бɱĹâ
Ԫڳϯλն̨ûжѹңҽѸѪޣΪʱ񣡴ҳΪ壬壬ѹʷҲӴ˷ƪ
ͣһ£ֿʼ׷ٹ⣬ǣǰͳκʱ񣡡
ڳľ仰Ѫ
񣬱ڵڣħκһǿ
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صһζʷ͹ܶĳܹ۷忹ģҲһʱڡǿʱڣҲڵħڣλʣµħڣֱֻλԪ񡣡
ͷ˵

ллû˵ն̨
Щǿߣϯˣ뿪֮عһ
£ն̨Ϊ飿Ԩѯʡ
顣عһ䣬Щ۵˵ն̨Ҫһ飬֮ϡȻĻ彫ӭˣΪʣµ飬ʹһ飬㴦Σ
ûԨӦ˵Ѫ̳ն̨ڵͭ޹λģҳӦΪЧΪն̨
Ԩʶһա
Ȼʶض컯ţԶɫʲôҲ
ӦģԨ
֪ġλǰһѶҴЭ顣ͷһЩ飬ûħ֮ᣬܹħ֮ᣬն̨
һ㣬ںδԨü
һն̨ش
ǻȥ뱾ҵǷҲǿ顣ԨȷԼܲܽУͶ˵⣬һ㣬ҵ˳ͻ
ʧȥϵͬģصĻǣ뿪ն̨Ҳ֪״
أһն̨ڣڲ
һ̤Уᡭ
ڵˣ֪㣬ͲأҲȷҪȥԺͷң֪ǸոյǷԻص˵ͷӰطӶʯ졣

һء
أ½һΪɫһͷͷɽʬⶪڵ棬೤
ϸ죬ͻᷢʬʵնΪһؽء
նϵʬ°ڲһֻȻһ塣
һͷͷʬһɽߵͲ룬鲼ء
˵룬ǧɸߵѪ̳ħ̥ڴأϷѪ̳̳ҫĹ
ʼ̳͸ӨѤö財
ϸС׵磬棬򶶶ű˪˸ɫۼλεأѪ̳̳ţ̳һš
һͷͷնɱڴˣѪأ걻Ľ޷ɢ޷عԴͷ
öܱ֮ΪһģѪŵϸС
ϸС壬һִںϢ꣬Ѫ
Ԩ񣬴˿̾ڸ߿ա
񣬺ǧɸ߼̳֮ϵأԡ
Զһͷģ೤ɽľΪ߽صʬ֮󣬺ɢݳŨŨĺ⡣
˺⣬޾鲼߽ʬ紩ԽʱգǰľԶˡ
Ԩͷ߽ʬֹĺУܳʱϢ
壬ߣʱ֮
Ѫ̳֮ϵĹأ˵ʱ֮ĸʱһ߽ʬܻɵѤùֱߵ
ˣдʱܣйһʲô壿
Цţͼ̳ġħ̥ӿһɹɻɽ籡ܣ߽ʬڷɳģһѤõӰ˲
ѤӰ䣬ͷնΪ߽صʬھ



ھŰʮ ʱ֮
֡
عһ䣬Ѥõģ߲ɫʬ
ħ֮ᡱұͭ޹׵λ֪̤ķִܵһն̨
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ˣҵԺͷ߲ʵʱ֮һ㶯û
ǣԨ룬ʱ߽֮ʬ˶
ȣԨΪ̤У
ȻǣССһôʱ֮ʬڣʱ֮˷Ӧ
غǷѽ⡣
ѯһʱ߲ʱ֮ʬУٴӿʱŤҵܡ
Χͷʱ֮һĻĻ׳Ļ棬纣¥㸡֡
ǶΣͳصʱʹ˳ֶ
ͷȥ˼󣬻ĳַʽ׷ĻԻٹ⡣
Ըʱƺʵ
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ͷ߲ʾʬܱߣֻ棬ֳȻɢ
ϸ
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˼䣬ϡҲмϹȡ
ÿȵĻʹţ˼ĵνĻ壬Ѫͳ
䣬ûߣֻߡ
۹Ļ壬ǺХһѪϡѪƿص۹ūˡ
ûѪߣһͷͷѪϢǿǣҲڷˡ
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ûˣǵķʽҲûˣܿٳͥСأ
ȻǸʱصڶҪŨһЩ
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ڴܼһֻ޴ķˣʱɫʱΪɫͷ𵴵ܡ
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ͬģһ֪ϣҪأֻἯʹϣȡƣͬС
Ի͵ʱ
ͷ߲Ѥõʱ֮ʬϸֳĻ棬ƺԶ˵壬жôĶʢôǿ󣬵λô١
ǣ̸裡
κ岻õģڰģģսܵģбѪĲ֣ЩС
˵ء
ðκִڴˣ֪ն̨Ԩѯʡ
ıѴؿл֪һУͷһ֪
ֱ

ȥģһصķֻӰڹ
أն̨˲䣬ͷأ֪淢һУʼԨ񣬽ʲôط֪ն̨ܣŮǿѺն̨
Ԩһһէþԡ
Сӣ㿴ģͷʱ֮ʱܣϢܱһĻĻȷʵƲƲ죬Բмɻи࣬㿴Ļ棬ʵ
ģȷʵģʵ
壬ɱԲбаɱν˼ǼŮĺᡣΥǵ壬ǻӻצѪģˡ
鷳ҪԼ󣬲˼˵ʲô֮ᣬߣȫǵĹߣȫţܿ˼䷲ˣ
УʢʱȻǺеİ
ǸʱʱȺ飬ȥǺһǺеǿ壬ƩħҲӿأɱɱһͷͷںȥԺ󣬿ɲʱǿ󡣡
˵ЩʱЩԼ
ն̨죬ʢ屻ƷҲһֹֿ͡죬ڰħնɱγԪںͳħڡ˪ɣɾ˺ڡ
㿴ͷʱ֮ɾڵļڣͨʱ֮Լ䴩ͨġգͨѹ
Ҳʱ֮İΪԪޡ
СӣǼĻۼͻ۸Ǽ޻֮ʱհǱڵ顣



ھŰʮ ͷ
ն̨ڡ
صһϯԨľƵһӴư˥ܵࡣ
ڰħնɱγԪںͳħڣ˪ɾ˺ڡ
ЩѲ׷ݵĹʷԨþԡ
ħԪڣħڣкڣô֮γɣκԨٴ̡
أħǱʱ˽ǰаħ
ṳ̂ǰħеٮٮߣͷޱ
Ժصʷڣ壬Ȼк˽⣬Ԩݣڴ֪Ƕȥ£ʲô
ΪϵƾնģЦһжǲмȡѨСصķԼġбںؽ֣ԣȥԸЩ
˭֪ţƷ󣬱ɱֲĵˡ
֪統
ɥ̾Ϣ
Ԩüһ仰ز׽һϢ
ǺӵĳЩڣԣ̵弳ȡ׳壬úҡ
壬Щڵİ£еķϵ
Ҳǰ㣬ǿʢҲıūۣ״ɱͬʾµ壬һļϣ̤˺·
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ն̨ܱҲء
һͷͷնɱն̨ڴ֮ϣһͻѪޣܽΪ
ڴ˹УҲһλλž޵ǿߣһǿɡ
ԶԶ壬ϵǿ߱γɵǿ
ټϣҲƶȺŽʹȫµĺưʱǿ˲ֹһء
һڣͺ͵൱ټɣ
ǺӵЩʹߣȻʱ졣
Ϊ׵ǿߣʽأһؿǺӣӵ塣
ÿǿ䣬µѸȡұǿս
ԪµԪ棬䣬Ҳµðͷھ񾳵Ĵޣսڲµӿ֣ԶûƲӵʱ
Ǻĸǿ壬ߵȽѪսʿҪʱ͡
żսʿʮĴڣ廥󣬿Ҫͨ꣬ǧʱ䣬ٵ
һսս峬Խ壬ҲħУӹ˰Ȩ
أǺֲǹֲħҪ͸ܺͺصš
ͷصǷԨԺ֡
ؿĵصȺȻ˵ʮѪ̲ͨġħһλλħеĺڰħԴͷڰ
Ԫںͳħڣ棬ǿַҲ֮󣬼λߣʬ
ͬˣϢڣзʽͬűԪںͳħڡԴͷȻͷ
ڵĵߣֻڱ˪֮أһӡڣ֮û취ڣΪȫΪͷ˪Ǳնɱն̨Ѫʬ꣬һն̨
ͷʮʱ֮ƽͱ˪ն̨ն
ն̨еһУرն̨ڡڵˣն̨޷µļУԪпȱҲס
ڵĲſԻۼͻɴڡ̤ն̨ʱ֮Դ˽ΪԪ񣬳ڵ֮һ

ؽǷ࣬渵
Ԩĺ棬һֲ©ڴ֪ˣʲô
֪ζ֪ΪԪڳڣħҲħͥƫƫڣԶûܳΪˡ
ʱ֮俪ͨѹšʱ֮ҲԴʱ֮飬ʱմУֽܱ㡣ͨҲֻ޸Ԩĥ
ն̨ҡٴ꣬ƽڵǿ飬Ҫѹص㲻ܶһ飬ʬڱ˪ģԸø㡣
ն̨һΪڲʱ֮ƽͱ˪ľ޴ʬټϣʮͷżͰ˼Ѫʬ
߲ʱ֮
Ԩ񣬳Ĭ֮
ʱʶ״̬Ǳն̨ǲܿƵС
˵أǿ־֮أ뿪Уڽһ
ԶΣôһСأڹȥʱգѵԶΣ
ʱξĽףʵѾʼˡ
ƺֻҪն̨εһƽȫˣ뱾Ļξ˳
ն̨룬ôڴն̨ڣʲôҡ
һ߶һİţγ
ݣݣ
ʱ߽֮ʬڣһϸѤùͻȻƮɣԨİ
ѤùڣûʱնŤֻ֮Ϣ
ģһضϤģȫȻİ
ϸѤõĹɹΣƺֻΪ˳֣ͬʱ֮
ǹؽ󣬴ӲӴģҲѪ̳Բ׽ռ
أȫİѤùڣԨԡܱ麣
ͣ
Ԩ׾ٵأЩɣ˲仯ǵһ֡
ѵն



ھŰʮ ڶն̨
һˣغȻʧɫ
ڴ˵Уλڹ;бħأǺ֮λսţҲصĴڣ
λˣҲǺҵôһʯӶն̨ˡ
Ҳʱ֮ƽͱ˪شʱն̨һһĽһһնɱڴˡ
Щʮͷż˼ѪľǱն̨նɱ
ص壬֮Ա̳ն̨û
λΪն̨ߺͳˣȻ׹
˥ܣһ겻Ҳն̨ѹγɣ
ն̨һֱе
Ҫն̨ѹˣδܽն̨⣬ڹ;УħΧɱһսǻд
أǽصаħʱһЩɿ֤˵
˵λûն̨ȥѹն̨֣غأõն̨ǳڣħǶ伣սȫһ
ն̨֣޵е
ħƴ;ΧɱΪʹĴۣ⣬õն̨
سھ޴ʱ߲ʱ֮ϣûѤùγɡ
Ԩ񣬱óİûһϸ֮ҡһ䣬ǰģ
ԽأͷĻڣʲôӡǡ
ȥѰʱַ޼ѰƱ
ոնáûһѤ߲ʹļ䣬ǵá
Ӷȷţ񣬵ĵȷȷûһЩģҲܺʱ֮޹ص
һǱ޻ɲ顣
Ǹ
Ի㱵Ԩüأѯһ
ȴ쳣أһֹı顣
ҽ飬ȥն̨Ȼ棬ԸոյķʽܲҵʲôغȻ˵
飿Ԩأһͷͷʬ
֪ΪΣ䣬ⷽն̨ڵأһϤС
ϤУԡΪİûһ̬߲ʹ֮еġ
սʱκϤĸо
ţն̨ɫӵأصͷɷħĶ꣬ն̨λŮ˿̣ڱ˪ʬڵǿ顣ҿԣָһ·򡣵ȻûҵָҲҵ
Ǹֻ꣬ƮȥҪԨ·
Ԩԥһ£䲻⣬ѡϡ
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ԿһۣԨ֪ⷽƮѩ䵽أҲʮͷʬڴˡ
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˿̣Ԩ׻ı֮ϣܱΪİ̬һѩСûȥ
ȫǱ˪ǵһˣն̨ȫѵΪˣĴԴ
ͷԴʹ
ǰ飬֪ɱΪ֮˱仯Ļǣе䲻ʡ



ھŰʮ 
ն̨ʮԨμĽڴ
һǧɸߵĽɫɽͷų˲ֱӵĻâɫ磬ɽܡ
ͳϢɫɽԲǧڣһ̺ʯɽĸı䡣
εĽɽۣŽߵġ컯󡱡
࣬һͷɫëľǣ쳣ÿһëƺ»â
һλŮӣɭɭѤõëſȸ
ȸλżȸ
İ˼߼ڻѻ£ǳҲ½
ͻȻ˺ѳա
һɫ⻮񷣬̬ȻͬΪεĽͣ
ɫ̵ֿ죬ҧżҫɭɭ⣬򡣬ڿûðͷҾȻӵƬ󡣡
òĿȸһѤѣһһЦ·Ȼ
죬򡣬˳ŵն̨һƿġ壬ҪһսûʲôսԺҪβͣԹţָ
Ϳȸ䳰ȷ˿˼
ݺݵأ˾Ŀȸһۣһ¿ˮǿն̨ƿҳ񣬵һ͸㡣
Կȸаӵһμһֱȵڡ
ֻϧλĴ࣬Ȼףȴ츳ǷѪΪǺ൱ľż
ɲ񣬼ָ۷Ҳʤȸ
סȸǳ˵ΰˡ
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ʮͷͷһգħλھħޣаڣ׶̣ħڣлڵɵǿߣ½½ظЩϣǾͺƿ󡣡
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𵴣ԴԽڵڣϵն̨ƽʬڵǿ飬϶ʲô䣡е
ն̨ڣ棬ʱȥȸɥҺܺ棬ǿն̨ʲô鷢

һƬأһͷ޴ĻƽնΪء
룬ĽؽӲӵʬֱڶϱĽǣĽɫңԶ
ӲӵѪϪӣǵĽʬڡ
ףһ죬ڽɫѪγɵѪ
յϣͷʬ
ǾżͰ˼ģն̨ʬ˲١
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ԨѴӱ˪ʬǿն̨Ƽˡ
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һɫɫ㣬ͷƽѪзɳţУ˲š
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ն̨һɫԨûں𶯣·Ҫٴ鿪
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ˣӰЧżûѪʱʮ
ڣĵ鲢ûз
˷һһɫԨûնָֽ̨ƽ
Ԩûجج˯ѡ



ھŰʮ ػ
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ĬĬ롣


һǰһԨ񣬻лֱ̬ӵص׿Ӷݳ
Ԩ񣬻б˿̶جج㯲֪롣
һ뿪ն̨񣬻ع鵽̲סˣڵص桭
һ仰û˵ȫĻȻֹ
ΪģԨı̬һ¡
ǣ˵Щʲô
Ϊλ˵ıȻӰˣն̨ܸһ𣿡档
ڣԨع鱾Լüһš
ոջ۾ãģԨͻۡ
Ȼ󣬺ϵ͸оľ磬Ļǣڱһϴӡ
ڿھĲš
ն̨ϷԨĿȹ̻ξ
Ѱ˶
صһػ飬Ҳն̨뿪УôأűĿеԨһԲɫ졣



ھŰʮ ⻼
ʱ֮ڵն̨
Ө͸ġѪ̳ԣھӿŴ˷أһͷͷʬܻɵϸС
̳֮ϣصȻһҡ

ħ̥ԶХڼ̳ײʱ֮ڶȥģѪγɵľҲ̳û
ն̨ڲ磬
Ȼصĸ֪Уʱ֮һͷͷʬƺʹ˷һų
ʱܣѹѪ̳뿪
ɫѿⷽشһӣѪ̳ı֮أС⡣
ǡѪ̳ʱܳˢ̳زʣҪʴס

ݺݵضôһ仰صѪ̳ʱʬʱ֮ն̨롣
һտɫţ㣬ն̨롣
ţͭ޹λڵķʽ
Ա֮⣡
ڡ
ݵһشѪ̳Դӵص׿Ӷڷɳҡһ䣬ɫݿݵħӡ
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壬ְüġ
һķֻ꣬˳ı壬𺣬俴žԨ
أôˣ
΢鲻ãæɷħĶУԨͷϣϼӽ䱸
ҲҧͻһĨâСӣն̨֪ʲôʲôұն̨ų⡣ն̨һ鶼ȥ
һʱ֪Ϊˡ
ͭ޹׵λŵԡѪ̳ȥն̨ڲصȡġ
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صĺ£Ǳƻܸ˲Ź֡
֣ȥ鿴һ˵Ͻ
ͷ

ӯ飬ëƮȥһӶʯȥ
ûص̫ã̬һ·ɳκ;죬ңҲȥˡ
ʲôȻ
ûбΪɷħǰն̨ĿߣϷεն̨أ鿴ͷʬڶżͰ˼Ѫľûʲô쳣
Լһն̨ų⣿
ûƭıҪʲôԭҲ˵塣˵仰ʱʶأ˿Ԩ
²⣬ӦԨͨն̨ڣ˵һˣĳ
Ӷն̨쳣
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ʱ˿̣ڣڡڵڵķ羫տĴٽĺܶˣѾ͸컯󡱣ԼƳЩǿߵӰ;޴ķ
컯ȫ棬עĿڲߣ֪
ˣѪطʵԿһЩͶ
Ԩ㿪˻۵࣬أϸ΢
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Щ֪ͣǱ½أǰֻħԨͨ⣬ȥ
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ħʯưˣҡ
ʶħеħǰмǣʲô쳣ٶ
ȥЩ
ض仰һţЩħħʺá



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ߣۼڿռ䴫ͣɢͨ
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󷨿ãֲǲʹãƫƫҪ£ࡣ
ֹһ䡣



ھŰʮ 
Ǻӡ
״İƯһ½أֻħԨ
һ飬ûŵز½ϷһˮҺĵĺ⻬羵
͸ˮȥƼڶӿתռ𵴡
Ǳǣ½صͨڡ
أһλλˣʽףֳУԴ

һͷͷħ꣬Хţӹ⻬ĺðˣнɱ
ܶవ壬壬塢壬Ůʬǣڲͬ½أƯеİա
ͨϷһС½أվһλߴĻƽޡ
֭ˮɵĻƽޣҪһţҲмʮɸߣվһƽսϣͫ䡣
ţʬֻħԨռһ߾߰壬Ů塢ʬ
ǿվޣ̬վƽսϣŸߡ
ЩСһЩ߼˼ʬǣҸˣȥһЩʬѡ
ƤЦأλƽ˵Ż
Ҷ泹׻ɢˣƽʹʵ
ţȥĵطڽʲôûŵء˵ͷӣںصģֲܳһαģ
ǰĻƽޣǺ֮У峤
ƽޣսԪ൱
˵һʤλƽޣԶҲм־⡣
ֻ̤ħԨɨһ۽ս֪λƽޣѪħ峤ӱļλԸں͸޽ͬ˵ǿߣѪϴֻħԨƻͨ
Ѫħ峤Щսǿߣһȥ
ǰλڲ£ֻħԨ
⣬ڵϸڴˣ޸ͨƻǵĺ¡
ںصģ۰ĶӣԸңǱʹصɣһͷͷֻȫйͷ֮ޣ֪㣬Ľںض꣬վǱߡ
΢΢ͷһϣԽԽá
Ҳǣһ
ţҲ뿴ǵսֿ죬ưǺӵʱܳˣֻڣڣħ໥ɱܾˣ壬ϴơ
ȻĿһ£Щʬǣ⴦ðɡӦ
ٺһЦ׼Ȼ֪ͨ춯
Сӵ̳ζã

ն̨֮ϡ
غͲȹйâı³櫣п޵ȾżǿߣҲһؾӿ
֮ȿ˿˲Զɫɽ
ǿ˽ȸ򡣬ħħڣȺִڴ˵ǿߡ
һ߰˰˵ģھͿҪˡ
ǵһεξѪͷŰɡߴ١
һ̣һελǳŲľں꺣ѪɽľѪͷѤõĹâЩżǿڣһһɳ
ڶǿߵߣԨ
جج״̬ԨᵽżѪζڽն֮ϴӻǵ˫΢
Ȼ󣬾ͼһ澧ļ̨ǻѪСطɳ
̳ת
ûȥģһεεľżѪ̳ڡ
ȻǣһͬѰ̳棬ӣǻѪߣȴӵһ̳̫˾ˡ
ɣ̳ģ
ǿվޣظ𰸡
һ˵Ԩ̳ͷбǿվޣڳǿߣɫذ
ǰ׽š֣˼
վɷħУԨͷصĴ£ڶǿߣһεԼľѪ׳㵡
ΪػܻأЩǿߣԨնɱ
ǣԨն̨ԡԭ˵ضų⣬ԡħ֮ᡱӿڶ֮
û̫ãԨڷġ̳ͽһεξżѪɡ
ɫľӨ̳뵽ԨѨϣʧ
Ԩڲûӿ쳣
һĿ⣬ϣڵȺڴʲô
ԴǵģżľѪ̳һûܳܵס𣿡̲סˣ̳ɲ֮죬ɵģ̫ϰɣ
⣬ûܻش
̳İ߱ߣ֪Ǭͬġ̳ҲŲһԣر
ǲ򣬶

۹ɫħܽ磬ײȻħ⡣
ˣ
ع³пռ䴫󸽽ϯޫhһʱӦɫעǸλ
ۼߣܿһһһΡ빬Ȼ׹䡣
Ρ빬ԡ޾ԹâУұǧǧУ֮ӿֳص
칬ӡ߿飡
ޡή֮ϯһɫأڣνѪ߿칬ӡȥѱ˶ˣ
ڵ̰ڳԪںͽڣҲȻСޫh̾
䣡䣡
ƺΪӦʽɽ绯һͽɫ׶ӣҲݺݵش˹



ھŰʮ һ
ԡ޾ԵĹoڵĹȣٷ
䣡䣡
ÿһγ䣬컯󡱹ڽ磬ѣĿħ⡣
棬һشطµħƣʱӿ֡
Ĺħ֣ŷܡ
ݣݣ
ɫɫ⣬ڽ󣬺ƺƵҷ
һ칬ӡܱɵĹÿÿȻ䣬·ʯڵֱγɵĵ͵졣
ͷǿ䣬ھ񾳣ǻξ
ڵߣʱûԼǿֻǰ칬ӡѹ
Ͽգܼһͣţɫ
ˣǿڶ࣬ھޣֺ;糬һ߲٣ķʩߣܼ
ڵˣϣ䣬Ĳǲȡ
־֮صССʧܣûʧȥΡ
ѴӸ֤½Ϊ칬ӡһͬ½ײγɵĲ
ڽУһشصħƣÿһ飬˲ͳһ֡
ϵħںعĺӦҲڰԲ׽
֪ȻΪڿ־֮صʧκɡ
ڲϵڶ࣬һߣҲв١
ЩѾʼǿ־֮صʧ˵£½صĹһγӣڵĵλȻӰ졣
ϣԨСӣɱٸҾϲҲڣ֮ġħ֮ᡯҪѰܼ󰵰
ͬʱ
ڵ䣬˪Ԫڵķ豣Ī״ˣڵҲͣͬǲ硣
˭֪컯󡱲СӣҲ֪ܱƿ
ǣҲĥ棬ܷʲôҳøʡķ˴⿪
һˣԦɫɽԴɵƻҲ۵ס
һӡ
Ĺһһգɢڲܼܱ߸Ƕһڽ磬Ҳ˻ָƽ
صˡڵ䣬üͷ壬컯󣬼ӽ߼ˡ˴ƿ󣬾ܴݻأҲκκ󻼣УͨҲҪƻ
ܼ΢Цͷ˵ôһײеаħ֪ǵĳˡҺǣˣ̤еˣûбͻ
˵һ㶡
ϣڲҡܼͣһ£ٴοڣҲţǵͬжι̡Ҫڧڽɱһƿ֮ϴ˳
ܶޣĿɫͷ
Ҳ뵽㣬ͬΪڣЩаħδľͺԨޫhϯˣͬ飬ܼᶨһıš

ն̨ڡ
ۿɫɽԷɽۣײ컯ߴ֮޹԰ĵ㡣
ڹĴ󣬻еŵġĲ򣬸ո⵽ÿνɫɽײ磬ʱٸССħи֣ЩھޣҪȫԸĽɫΡ
ȡħһ壬ΪǺеǿȻĵطǣݳһŪЦݣЩϼһһ壬ôҲû뵽˸ǿ
һ˵ڳĸżѪսʿɫÿ
ȻҲٵ֪һЩԶ

һħڽ涸Ȼ֣Īӵվħ֮ϣħҡΣ̬Ϊİš
˭֪ΪΣҴӿһ𣬾;񡣡Ŀޣһ
٤ħı³ߡ
٤ħ׵ĶӣʲôĪ⣿櫣΢˵ǰڿ־֮أشҲûܳʱ䣬ʵȻȫָڵľ硭ξˣ
һЦȻ֪׵Ķӣǿ컯ġתħֻҪû͸ħĵλԴĶ׾٣
һħĶףڳĺܶǿߣϵı鶼̫ÿ
Ǻħ̴Цͷ̫࣬ΪóԶ٣ͨﻮ˳ᢣòĸߵȼսʿ֡
ңǳֶײУвС磬֮󣬼޻
ļȻ׵Ķӣôħ½ص׵һߵˡĲ̧ͷĻ׽ħ̴Цˣħˣ˿ûĻӦǺӡ
⻰һ˰ͷ
Ī⣬ħڲħӰУݲɼڳǿߣħ֪Ҳܲ³ˣЩ
һͷͷԳΧ峤򡣬
лں͹ڵˡ
ͫȻųĿĹ⣬߲͸磬ҫ֧࣬󲿶ųߣֱǲǰھȥɷħȺɽμӽ׵ڡ
룬ں͹ڿ϶ˣħˡ³˳ǣм˵ɱ˲μӽ׻ˣƲŵĹϵ
ڶǿߣ΢΢ͷĵ

ն̨ԨͻȻڴڵÿһǲ·Ѹƾңȥ
ͣ
ëϸףҲڳ棬΢â
ִơѪ̳أһᡰסһ˵ǸһεξѪɣѪǲ֮ų⣡Сӿ԰Ȼܣ˶ľżѪ
䣬ǶͷġѪ̳Ȼ
̳ġħ̥һƬɫӰһɫĹĤԨڣ˷ѣ޳ʣã
۷Ź⣬ųЦݡ
ɽֻһЦݾͽӲˣŭ



ھŰʮ Ѩ
˿̣Ԩġħ̥ǵģɫ⣬ڵ̳˲С
ءѪ̳ɫӰ̳Ѫ̳ǺѪʱܱȫڵɡ
ǺӸֵң޲кδ֪ľʴѪľ綾ۻ󡭡
Ҳһ޷ģѪ
񡰻ħ̥ںģѪйصĲȻԨڵġ̳ţ˳ȥ
ԨԼȥǼλżǿ߾Ѫ֮ʣħ̥ûʱҲӡħ̥ھȡ
ռԨˣû뵽Ը¡ħ̥ڵĲš
ԸӦһһۣʹ㽫ħ̥ջأԨ
Ϊħ̥лңӿģʽҲǡѪ̳ɱﵣԵе֮һ
Ǳˣ
ˣǻħ̥еԨǿ󣡡
˼
еħ񣬻б³櫵ǿߣ۾һƳطҪջءħ̥ʱϽȰ˵
Ͳ˵˴ңôһξѪԨǿ
˵컯󡱵٣ԨϢϢ𣿲˵Ԩ½أܼסĹؼ
Ȼˣġħ̥ʧһԨ׳Ѹȹ̾磬ܲͬ⣿
죬۾ϣ¶Ķֱ顣
ؿÿͨǵ֪롣
͵ʴףˣˣ
ذпֽ࣬۾ɷħеĵҪԨն̨Ͳᱩ¶ҲͲƽ˶ʡ
⣬ն̨ڽػʱ֮ܣԼﵽԺͰ׹ǽаĸ߶ȡ
ǡ컯ˣΪ־֮صĹùеĶݷҲֱӦڤӡ
٣ں᳤ı᲻زۣʵ̫ġ
ڣһĿעӣﻢ£ֻӲͷƤԨڵ̳ġħ̥ڽػԨʵ

ı³۾Ȼһס
ԨϰΪм׷ɣǳŵĽ׳һſСָͷǳҫ
ÿһšСǳһһأų졢̡ڵĹâ
ѨϣһٳѨϣڣѨڶ࣬ͥСأѪСأʶСأףҲѨϣޣУȻݣߣһҲֻǿѨϣ
Сӣ̳ǵһεξѪٳµѨϣҲˣԣǻпȫѨϣ棬֮ϢƺɻǣСѪ⾫
ǣǣǡħ̥еܣٳѨϣ³һɫأ֪һɷħİħȷܿٶѨϣɷħפУٶɷħս
ֻǡ
³ãȻҼǵãɷħҲûܽڵѨϣٳУλȥɷħѨֻܲɷħĻ飬Ѫ޷һһӿġ
˺ܶ꣬ʶĿ壬ܶʱ
Ǻӣ貹һӵɷħڣҲӴҶԡɷħйһ˽⡣
˽ġɷħԨʩչ֮巢ı仯ͬ
̳ɷħ漣ɱ䣡ͨħ̥ܸԨڵϸ΢仯ƼԨǻѪСأӿǸѨϡ
ǿȣ񾳾ԶξӣԴҿ԰ΪûоѳѪ츳ģߵȽ׵սʿ
ܣֹ߼
仰˵ؿǿսޡ
ѵܴﵽ˼սʿĳ̶ȣһ˼ı飬˼սʿ൱ξ绹ûȹ̣ƾʲôΪѪܡ޺Ļû˵
Ϊֲ۱³櫣߲ƺΪ˵ǶԵģ·صжϡ

ԨУлëףٴݳأ쳣Ļ֮
Ҳûмصġħ̥ȡѪܡ
еѪл
Ȼ䣬Ԩˣ·𶼳׾
ˣѾɹȹ̾磬лλһεξѪۣ߾ȫʹһЩ֮ߡ
羫㣬ɷħУԳˮ˵
ںڳڶǿߣƺʶĴڣȻؿ
ܸܵһЩ
˵עĿ⣬һ㣬Ҽ½أܽսԶʵĸ߶ȣ˵ֱһ㣬ڴ˵أܷӵȺϵ߻Ҫǿ
ھޣϵһأһȼ
乫ϵĶɣ
氲ɽھΪԺԪǿ߽а塣
ûŵأ˼Ѫܹھ
˵Ԩڴ˵ܷӳսȺϵ߶ǿζʲô
Ԩӵţʵʵս½أѵȼԪôܣ
ڶͣûһŵġ
Ԩ˺Ĳ򣬻֪ն̨ڣն̨أⷬ˵
ˣص֣ܽ⿪
Ȼ䣬˺ԶİѪ¶Ժܵ͵ôһ䡣
櫵ᱻһЩ鼫˵սʿһֱߣȥտ˵£ǾżѪ죬ֲʸ룬űԶ
ȫ̼֤Ԩɱ䣬˵ĶԻԻдһ˵
ûоȴ㡣



ھŰʮ γ
ݵһ壬塣
ɽһǧɸߵķ࣬վ
ǧƽ⣬Χܻĳ档
ܿɵĵ⣬֯γһ½硣
ۣ֮ա챦氲һϮ£ݹӣͷڣңԶʱ̤ߣɷǣ翡
֮Զ
氲üͷ΢壬촽˶һǧͳɽ֮⡣
ǰҷ֮ˣֻҪ㲻ɽҾ
ǧɸߵΡ뷨࣬ձȭҾԴǳϿңͫȴؼЩơ
ֻǣڱ棬Ρ
λжԶĴɣļϤˣ֪Ψսʱ㹻ĶʱŽԼһ棬չֳ
ȻټһأܳΪֵˣʵࡣ
֮ԶĴɣھ۷壬սڽλԪ񾳴ɡ
氲Ҳͷۣ뿪ͷȴ
Ϊأʸھޣֺϵ壬ֻҪɽ˵ԶǽڵλԼأҲһս֮ᴦơ
ԶȻ̤ɽĵս
ǳɽҲаʤԶֻǡ
ԶˣںսʱϲԼֻҪûлʤϣͻȡʯٵļ˷ʽ
氲ĵ̤壬ɱ˶ԶԼȻش
ⲻҪĽĳԶ⣬лԪڵɽϡ
壬ǣԶһˣҲǳˡ氲ߡ
ǰʺһˣȻǲǰġԶ΢΢һЦǱˣϸڴ˵ھޣֹһλ
ôһ˵氲Աۣ߮챦ֻϹۡ

ûŵأٽݼĵ
𪣬֮ոոһЩУ΢
ĻŵĺĵУͻһɺѪĹһѪɫϪƯţĶ˵ҫʺɲ
𪰵Ըһ£ѪɫϪӵϢۡһ£³Ѫ
ţѪɫϪӳʺһЩɷף졣
Ѫ̽
񾪺ʶҪҪͨҪϵͽĴ
ȴ֣ǺĵΪģܱʮռ䣬Ѫɫû˿ճѪɫ󣬸Ѳˡ
ᣬȥѶԤˡ
£ѪɫûһУʶҲģ
롣
װĳȹȻԵúݰСֻһ˫ޱȵĳʣ¶Ӳֱӵ⡣
վڵϣߴ͸Ͷ̣ѪɫϪеİĶӡ
ϣûη塣
ѪɫϪеİģһ˫۾ɺѪ̫һϢ䣬֪˶Ѷ
κ󣬰ѪɫϪһЦ
䣡
һ͵ģı֩ʬӰĵѪɫϪڷɳĵ֡
ĵı֩룬ʱ򣬰Ľһ䡣
ѪɫϪӺХȥ
е룬ۿı֣֩Ѫڣÿһϸʱڻڿţ֩Ѫӡǡ
ݣݣ
һѪ죬֩ʬǾӴɽ֩룬С
գ֩˽ʮƿĻ󡱣ǰ
ĵ죬𵴣ƽĺˮһˡ

أն̨֮ϡ
Ԩһξڶ棬ƫƫۺ˲ɸɾ
ͫУãȻ
ʣѾ˳ξֻҪһܳʶСأ磬û谭
ֻǣļֻͣڣͷƽʬڣԡȡˣһϸĽɫС
ͱڣûǿߣһεξżѪ£ȫӡ
ɲǣͨӣ֪ʲô
λȹ̣һεξѪ衰ħ̥ںѪ֮ٳѨϣӿ˰Ѫ
ȡ
һȣһλλǿߣԿħְ񣬾ԼڣħһֹƣȻ͵Ķࡣ󣬺ѵסЩھǿߣż

һ仰û˵꣬Լһ
֪ΪΣһûɵģȻӿͷ
·һ˸ġ컯󡱣ҪܷӳԪǿֻ߲һƲ
ƷոյǾ仰
ʹأ֯ԣ󣬺ܷµı仯ûǲԪǿߵִƿ󣬿ûôף
գȻվ
ûп⶯κҲûκˣʱԶءгƯ
ͬʱ´Ҳк
໺
ɫ⣬Ϊ׵ģһͷͷľЪ˹˻
񣬲ȸףĪ⣡
ԨЩʱħĪ⣬Ǿ棬⣬ԩ·խ

Ȼɷħ붦Сʱڴ󶦳ڽȥ뵱ڣһ֮ң
Ȼɷħڽڡ
֮⣬ڴ
һֱʲôħˣм½ߣͻȻһشħƼԨӰ
Ԩ



ھŰʮ 
Ԩ
ڴһڼ½аħɣ׷ȡ
򡰷컯󡱵ĴڣǾӿˣۻߣʼδ͸ǲڽ磬޷еĳ
ڽڣءͱ³ǿߣƼǡ
Ʋ棬Ҳһֱ浽һ
ԨǰΪֹΨһ
ԨеĲˣַǳϤظеԾ
ԨӰħӿڽУһ
ħܣԨֶĪ⣬֯У֯޽ΪһشأһС
ûֻ֪һۣ޾֪ٷµͼأɢԨܱߣ߹ı
ͣ
ͻȻ䣬ԨŴųѤù㣬һ⽦䡣
ٰжûܣͼƿ磬Ԩ˲ߣƺһԼ˷ɣ˵С
Цһŭ
һ죬ûκδҲûκμ½ߣ͵͵֡
أ
Ϊ׵һͷͷ׵ʹţɬѱĹҡž޴βԨˡ
򡣬̵õڣħŵȺ嵽ǰͽ񡢲ȸС
壬úñһҪһأ˺ҧ籴³ǿߣȴԨĺȻѪأʼس롣
״˲侪һɻ󡢲¼ɺͲĿ⣬һͷͷϡ
Ϊ򡣬ͼͷҪأȥڽеӰ
ȻѪƺ͹ȴһ򵥵İͷ˳ɡ
Ȼǵʹͷϵˣ˵һʵľ룬ͷ
ǲֱԨӰֻܶԽ񣬶ħķλͣϣն̨Ϣ
ն̨
λżħǱߣλͷھޣɫ΢䣬¶˼ر顣
ᣬΪżޣǿվԨѪ걻ħնɱΪһ촬ħʹá
׵ᣬ͹𴦣⼣߰ߵľΪ̨ͤ
չľƽذħĺܶǿߡ
ײͱ̨ͤھ񾳵ߡ
ھڵҦ죬ھڵ񴣬ħеԡ
λھޣһߵߣأǿգҲ쵱Ĵ
˿̣ǺλżһȲż
Ԩ
ٴμ棬Īš٤ħһЦԶԶߺȣԨתƵԼϣ·ڿ־֮أɢħʧֵףͲǰԨ
Ϥ˶֪ЦصĪ⣬жôԨ
ȻĪⲻҦ죬Ҫء
ҪԨ
Ԩ
ħǱߣİ¹ʦܲԕFѴڣͬ񾳵ķҫվڳħڴ¹ΪӵĿ⣬ڽеǵӰ
ܲԕFһ֣ĸо
ǰԨôİƺǳμ档
ǵãȲ֣Ӻһö칬ӡǵԨﰵκǻ
˭뵽ûãԨͳⷽأΪͻأǣ
Ԩ֮ҫȻˡ

ƮȻӿڻܣԨ󣬻ͣס
УԨ˳£ڻصĳ̨ء
µһ̣ӿڴ˵ĺܶھ񾳵ĴޣȻһͻػȻһ壬ֱ˴ˣϵС
ָоһϵԼ˵ĺгȻ
ѽ׻Ρ
ħǱߣͷ­Ҧ죬˫籩ǳ鶯һ£һЩϸڣԨʵ硣
ܶʥĻ͸磬ֱԨʶСء
ֻƾĺۼԻξʶ۾Ĺ۲죬жϡ
ξΪԲȵǿǣʵܵԾ̬֮վڽɫɽۣȡ
һڶﵽھĴޣأĬصͷ
һϿɣԨԶܿľ磡
ħħڣаڣڣ׶̣ڡ
ڰй۲ԨʱԨҲ߮ţһϤİϣصѲӡ
ھޣżʮ
񾳼ߣʮξ١
ľżλ˼Ҳʮ
һֳѾԺɨ½ڣЩˡ
һѣǳֱ룬³أֻǱ룬һ˿ʤĿԡ
ټϣһˣԴ½ڣߴڣиǿߡ
ֳڶ鱦Ԩñ³Щͣ˵ʤˣӵĿԶϾ
һ컯󡱱ƣҼлûĻս䡣
ԨԨԴϿ㡣
ɫĮ˹ؽȰ˵֮ǰʲôֻҪڣ򿪽صĽ磬һйʧǶһʹңҲħڣŵ
ŵ׷Ĺȥŵѡκɣϳ˵Ĵ㹻δԪϯλԨһϯ



ھŰʮ Ϊ
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ڴˣĪ⡢аǰ㣬뿴Ԩ֮صˣȻס
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аħɣһϯĬڲ²񵽵ʲô
һʱڣûɡ
ΪߣĽ
פΪʮ񣬱ֺƾõԶڵİɫ컢
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ϯλȱܺ氲棬ȥԪϯλ
Ϊĵ¸أΪʵֽĵλǿ󣬲ʹڶɻͲߣʱżĬ
ڵȣȱðʧߣʡ
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Ԧš٤ħĪ⣬û˲廰׵Ķӣűħһ
ԨаħᣬΪ飬֤Ī־֮ʱֺͰ׹ǣغƿǷصĺ£ԨΪ񼫣Ϊܿˡ
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Ϊ
Ϊ˵Ľڽɽߣͷûлع㻹ûʸ񣬴κˣͻƵھħʱпȥΪʸ񣡡
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ݸ߸ߣһƳҦ죬ޱ˵⣬Ҳ㸸׵˼
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޺󱳴ħصħʹСġħڣƿһۡ
񴣬ҲعͷЦЦƳһ¡
ˣ
ڶڵߣ⣬尣
ԭаڵĵ̣Ԩ֣ȫµɷħڣոȺɽ֮䣬ٰһصĽ׻ᣬΪаڵĵ֪ԨаϭĺˣԨң
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ԨһͷͽԣȻֿһŶԨһģֱ޷ܾ
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죬Ҳ·𿴵Լ£׷ײ¾ĥ
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صն̨Щɥ죬գգۡ



ھŰʮ ߿
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ԨԹſȰ˵⣬񲻿Ц
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ˡ
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λѾڶ۵ƣҪˡ
ǲʶ̧٣
һˣԪڵɽɽ˺ߡ
˪֮˪󾱴һƬǺӣǳ˪ᾧ̲ǺӵĳЩС
Ҳ֪ͷôģȻԸưǶĻ⣬ͷˡ
ͽУ֪ԨôһͶԨܲˡ
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
Ԩšء˻һȺô޽ǿߣһԷ
Һܺ档
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ţҲں᳤
ԨͨԼжԼ̬ȣ᳤ϴɡ
ݣ
Ųȡή֮ϯΪһɭ׽⣬Ԩǰ״񣬿Ԩ˵һֱǻԵǡɣõն´Ľ⣬õеϿɣײغڽԵ
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Ԩһ£һᾡܣ֤ƣ֮Żڴ˵ĸǿߣȻҲľ޴󣡡
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ģֻܴħԨͨ޿Ʈصִ֮ԸӦһ£Ҳ档
һӰƮȻؿͨ
ͨЩʶˣ쳣³һЩͷ



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ͨҲʱ֮ǰǺӵͨǿյؼ֮·
屻̳ڵļǿն̨ʱ֮ģ漰ʱյĴ衣
ңԴ˶Ԫٵ
֮󣬱ɼִͨħˣٷͨڵ˺ͳϣɱеðʧħΪǿ
üģͿռصطС
ʧ٣ֻħԨһͨңͨԭȶͨڲѳڶ϶
ÿһ϶ԶӦŲͬǺ򣬶Ӧδ֪ģ鿪غ͹
δ֪֮أӯͱʣԪ񾳴ޣǲ˽ռУʧ
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أһ˿һûڵ
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⣬ΪǿǿԮԭ򡣡
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ǵԨƿ£Žġ
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״Ĺʶϣѹֽ˺䷨࣬뺷սİգֳֽɫꪣһɱ
ͷħֻҪ岻أɣ



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ħ״ģӰħϣԪħİգΪħ
ħȺǿΪħ񣬺ԪӦ
һħս͵ȽףǺھ൱
λħȥԸһ˿ʤ㣡
οɽֻھڵΪƫľҲڴˡ
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Լףǰ̤С벽뵽ھڡ
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ÿһƬۼУһξѪۼȻŴ󣬳Ϊ˺ǺսиɽķɫС

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ΪִߵԨӶƣȻվ

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Ԩһ˽紦ܾ֪Ԩ޿פڣԺ˫ֻС
ڣħԨѡԨԼִˡ
˭Ѹģ
ԨּˡܼԶԶȭҾɷħʱлдڽڣұԳΪֿѡֻ˵Ϊʾ𾴣ҽȫϵĴ󡣡
ڽУԨ΢΢һЦԼ룡
ӣǿ
һλйھʿڲܼһ߿칬ӡҪ⣬컯ܸģڣԪڣħڻƣûȫ֡
ʦ壬ȷʵǷܼһݣоǣЯ߿칬ӡķĹƣԴĳҡҪһֱ⣬һֱҪģҲֻҡ
ԨܼͬԸԴ
ⷬԨֹ
ȺʱΪһ죬ҲһХһ磬ԨĽ
ۣۣ
Ԩ沿ǰɫĤ֮ϣͻֳʮС㡣
ÿһС㣬һͻ˴شصħС
Щ㣬Ԩܸ̲ܳŵģҪ˷أǺӵļᶨ־
ȺʱҺܸмǰԮ֣ɽ죬󲻻֮ơ



ھŰʮ Ĵ˵
Ԩĺ΢
ǰ͸ڽ磬ħ֣һȫ磬ۿɼٶܱɡ
֮ƥ⣬׸ǣƽû
貽âϨ졣
ֱڻصԨŽ䣬һٴֱͦ
һɲçƵԶĹϽ⣬ֱ۹Ǳŷ
һ𣬽ڶ֮ʯɽɵаӦ
ɫĹâЩ֮ʯаɢ谵ĽأҫĵƻԻͣ硣
ԨһҲе⣬뵱Ůʵִڴˣѽ֮ʯдܣɴЩʯỹ죿
һ̣ͣͣ
ֻЩڵˣ齣һƽ⣬ȻҲѣݼʦү㣬ӦԨ۹ǵĽ⡣
ޡ˪֮Ĵɼ˪Ľ飬ڽɫš
ġ֮еĽ飬ƺҲѹţѷһ
񾳵ĽǿߣξˣгԽߵ齣ˡ
ͨ
֮
Ľ
֪ĻĽˣϤĽ⣬ǰ״ɫ΢䡣
ȻȻõĽһλ֮İ׷ڽγϣԭǵԳּϧɫګګ˵ĴУҲ˺һĵ·
죡
ɰ֣ԪںڵһЩˣɫ쳣ѿ
ƺ׷֧Ŀ־塭
ˣӽ֮ʱԡնɱķնǺ޵جΡ·𿴵һӳ˷شޣ׹䡣
Ȼλ˵еն´ޣԪ񾳵ĴɣҲ½غͽĹͬߡ
Ǻն£һ֮ʯ׹䡣
ȻĽӡÿһ֮ʯסأѹš컯󡱣ء
ӡڻسص׵ĽۣǷ֮ŴĽ⡢âΪ
ͬһµǣΪĥʯ
ԴˣΪѺЩԺأǺңаħĴ
죬һʱž޵ķ
Ҳ֪ʲôƻʹ̼ĳһԴ䣬ںħ淴֮·
գλһʱнڵĽɽǰɱ
ԣ֮˶ѣ֪١
֪꣬д潣⡢ĻأǺƯֻ꣬ħԨͨط½ء
˿̣Ԩ۹ڵĽ⣬ڶ齣ĽȻ֮Ľ꣡
ڽ֮ĽѡУǽ֪зǵǱʣ˰˵ѳأѡеĴˣȻһУ
⻰һвٽڵˣŭĿӡ
ǽڵĽڶλԪ񾳴ɣ֮󣬲ŵƾʮϯУһϯ֮λ
λԶﲻĸ߶ȣһֱӰ֮¡
ڽĿУȫʢʱڵ죬ȵʱģҲڵĽ֮ǿ
죬ڵĽˣʱż񣬸ٹ̣
Եԣ˵֣ӽ߳Щ鼫˵Ͻɣˣйߵļơ
һǵĲ飬һϽ졣
ھ޷ͽڿ⣬ʧʹ֮׵λãȺںڳԽɲΪѿ֮죬
֮졣
Ԩͷű۹ɢݵĽ⣬ŽĴٽ֪ն´޵ֵ񽣽ʲôˡ
䣬˪вٽڵϽɣ۹ǽŷʱȻĬ
䲻ټƺڵȣ۹ڵĽͣǹѹĽ⣬˵
ԪںڵĺܶˣھޣҲ֣ʧ
ʱһ˵Ľ翪ʼħϳƾˡ
ԨͷһۣһɷħС
һ룬ɷħУֱһ磬ħӿǶˡ
ȻվڻأȻڲܼǰĽ硣
Զ룬ƿػأҲ̫֪ߵغˣ
ȳ˸һͷ֮κ׿һһײ飬ٸ޴ԨڵĽ紦
򣬴ḥ̂׺죬Ŀ硣
κ׿ֻҪж϶ԨƻǵܣԨһϢ͸
٣
ԨЦ
ڽըѣûоʲô˻ûбڲħУû󶯾
㻹˼
ͣڻصԨ壬ûеīɫܣڶ̶ʱ䣬·һߺīɫ
УԨճīɫҺụ̂һͨڵа֮ˡ
òͱһ£ûѪϢȴĻܡ
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һĪ״˪䡢豰ھޣŽԨ֫죬齥ء
ܹŹ֡
̤ɽķ豣˫ȼź⣬ϸȥ⣬ӿҽ̶ڲ죬֭ˮڡ
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˸ۣܴӶǶȣ͸󿴱ʣӵĹâ·͸˽磬̽Ԩ˿塣
壬ȴʵʡ˵Ļʵʻ
ϸ룬һͣеĻâȻɢиֳһԼûĵԼЦԷǵ뷨



ھŰʮ ໺
ʲôһԵĪ״ѹѯʡ
Ԫʱһ̬ҡҡͷƺҪĵǸͷɢӦĳֻþ컯Ľҵĵػۣ֮ʵ뷨
Ī״΢΢һ
أ
һǺҹлƳգǧ
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Ӳӵ£һͷ͵ģɫǣ˻
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У׹ԣ̺ʥ࣬ƻɱȵȲͬζ
໺еľǣïܵëһݣƶɵһɫ⣬硣
Ȼ󣬲˲ûеģڵɫⲨ
ɫԣѸҫ۾ֱӣ
е£йԱɣӶҹĻΣټ
ۣ
µ۹ڣɽҪڡ컯󡱹Ľ硣
ռʮĶһƬ磬㣬һȱڡ
أ
ڲһκʱǸ޴͵أڽҿһ͵ӡ
ڵĹ⾰ˣܹһ
ݣ
һɫĵ⣬вٵӰŴ˶ѿһ롣
ħħںаڵˣͼûʱ俪Ķڣֱɫħܳ
ı𴦣Ԩıɷħ΢΢һЦ
̫Ծ
ȸüšһһ֧֧ʵëӽɻأΪΣܼ߿칬ӡûƿ磬Ƶ̫ˣһɡ
ɺһʵǱ룿ɫ
ǵĶԻħߣʱ
ϧٴλָԭòѿгֻܿվڽģƿɷħԨ
أն̨ǰ
żأʱҡһ䣬һͷɫ糤Գӡ
͸ʣҰԲͬɫһͱ˵ĸо
һſżݣƶɵľǰ޿ӣͷɫĽ
Ϸ߿գͣһӵ棬ȴģʯ
ϸָͷָ׸Ƿָ׵üģһ˫°ӣעʯ沿ı齥

ֻԼոں컯ʱѪ·ȻаӰ죬ʹжʱ侫ңʧڶ̰þһҫԲ£ٻ롣
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ŭĻӲӵӣɱ¾Сӣ֪˵СģȻˣҾʲô£һ뿴Щľżǿߣʸɱң
ˡԨ˵
仰һ䣬ı³櫣ŮһɣķأСή֮ϯЯµİ˼սʿѶ

ͷŰĶǣǺӣںڲǸ飡
ֹǿߣҩڵʯڵԶ񣬶д˿⡣
Ķ⡣
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У룬õƸ¼һԱ󽫡
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ڴڼ䣬вģȻǬ½ɱ޹
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ǰΪҩʱԨҲͷɫǶĵĲС
ȻҪɱ֣ҲϣԴ½½ߣϣȱɱģǲ



ھŰʮ а
ͷ̨ͤ
ħҦ죬ۿǲ磬俪ڣѻмλĴǵ񾳴룬Ȼ
Ҧɷϲ·
ڽ񣬿ȸ尡¹ھǿߣԴ½ͨһӿʱҦͻȻ̧֣һҵȺơ
ǣһѽĿ⣬ϡ
ؼУǰҲ֪һ£԰ꡣ
ҦһУг̬ǻݳЦ⣬ԵɣΪûȨ˵
⻰һ񡢿ȸڶסˡ
ǲ֪Ҧ«ʲôҩ
κɿȸʣؾǱУ
һ󣬵һڽأضҡҦصЦЦȵȿɡ
ҦĪͺȡ
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ˡҲܶ˵Ҧҡͷ
ھڴޣħ׵ĺѣ·ˣ׵䶼һ֡
ЩƾõĴ˵ڶߣֺ䶼С
Ȼ˵ôһȴ尺¹ȴޣԿڵĻ棬ɻѡ

໺
һУ̬֮Ȼɱ䣬ݣµɫǡ
ȻĬĬѪǾ
İͷҫ⣬һצš
ɱⲣ
߱³ɾս
ɵͷһ̣лȺǣ
һƬȺ貵Ǻǧٸǳڶǳ֮䣬ɱ³Ѫ

Ļ£⻪֣硣
³һ˾ͳƬǺӣۻҵķʽ޽һһĪӡ
ÿһӡ֮ҫǺתİ
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ҪĲ׳˶ɽʮף׹ء
һǹ⣬ӱ³վƬǺӴ䣬ǧǹʸ
ۣۣ
ɵĲǾëïܵͻȻһѪ
ٴηǺɫëųҫԣǼ˿Ȭ
˿ѣѪⸯãѪҺۻ࣬ҡ
Ůɣķϸ߰ĳȻʼǣдʡ
ԨڽڣһȻŮ˼
ɣķӽո˿ڣʱ䵹ٴѣұССĶڣӲǱ˺ĸɼǡ
˿ڴʼŨˮѪ磬ζ˱ǡ
ֳʧǲѣа꿹⣬ҪȨɫ
һ³ټһɣķͲǶˡ
Ҳһŵأħ֮ᡱ˳Ѫ̳̬иģˣֹһ䣬ȴ˵еƺһء
жƺѪ˵
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δ¶ݵħʹͷĶңһ˿·𶼴͸ˡ
˿̣ڵĶҺͬɫѣʡ
ħ󡱽С׶ܣһصģרΪƵ󣬽Ӱš
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۾У΢֮ģٴ߲֮ƣԨأһָо
ħʹ˷˴ڣ
һڶ΢СǾӿɣǻۣʶģ壡
⡭
櫣¶ݵħʹҲͻȻʧˡ
ħʹ̬ʶûҲûм
ħͻȻħʹû֪ͷħ̴Ц֮⣬ƺҲûˣݣѳڵġή֮ϯشħʹҲǴӽͼģ֪ôһ
ħʹЧҵĲףħ
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һڳǿߣϯһãȻ
ͬΪޫhƮȻ¶ݵħʹ˼·뵽ʲô־ţ޷
˵ʲôԨƽ΢䡣
ˣӿ־֮سԺҾ͸оˡħʹͫڶɫ֮ƻ۶ɣԼѱУҲûʲôڸôƺ㣿ҩ棬ҵ֮
ޫhȻһڿ
ֱأԨ·̲ǧ
ҩ棡



ھŰʮ ֮ħ
ҩ棡
ޫhϯŮȣ
նħʹ͸ΣյϢϺжûӦеһֿնľȻĸо
ҪҼ˵𣿡
ûɣķ屴³ԲĹƯն̨Ϸգһаħͷżѱ֪ȴʵڵĹŹֲ
ڽڣɷħԨسĬ
תаϭٳɰ׹ǡ㣬ͬҲΪˣԡֻصɹڵԨħʹĲɫ֮ƯƲݣǧֱ仯Ųͬǵϡ
㲻Ǻ״ӣǺ汾˵
ģ̷ɽȣɵġĻ󡯣ͷĶɫƣӲκǨƶȥȣȥûŵغĵܹȫµġĻ󡯣ҲӴ롣
ôΣ縸ΪǺ״Ϊϳ㣬ҩ汾ˣ
һҲһֵ֪ĻǱԴδı䡣
ħʹԲԨǱΪֹ˵֪ʵ
ԨʦܿĹޫh׶̵ǰν͡
ͬΪԨǺ״ϯһ̣ҲҾϽǲ˼飬Ȼ޷š
ҩ񣬺棡
ԶҩڵʯƣˣҲ
Ҫң˵֤ݣ֤𣿡ħʹյӰı³ѼΪӽ
໺
һ˺ѷεĺС
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櫺ɣķ֮䣬а˳ؽ㡣
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ÿһ˵۾ֳ͹âԾſҡɱζ
ۣ
˼ѪĻѻˣε̬һǹģһͷʨ̬Ĵ
ǴǻȻѪע
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ͬʱβħʹģħ񾳴ޣĽϽҲ˲䱬ս
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㱾һö񼶶Ϊҵû̬פ
ħʹڰ΢΢£ʾл
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ɱֻʣһʱֻԼԼֱԼɱԼ
ڹϵĴ˵ڣƬĶۻ֮רݱаܹԽǿߣԽУԽʧԼ
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棬֪һδȫ濪ǻ۵ʶ
ڵħʹʱ֮ħħһö衰֮ħ뽫κΪá
ֻϧûתͳ˲ӣɢټ
ԡ֮ħĳŵƣĺͼԸҲ֮һ档
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ˣҪˣ޲ʳѪ⣡
³ǵĲ֪СԨǰպյҩ棿
Ŀ֮£Ԩԥ㲻Σͷҡ



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Ԩҩ棡
ޫhϯʯˣԨ׿ڳԺȻЩ׼Ȼ𺳡
תɹߣͺڹϵĴ˵УҲͿ־֮صĹ߱ػһصĿԡ
һö裬м䣬˳ߣǰ
߿йֻǲΪ֪
ǵǰȻһӣ
λǻϤഫ˵
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ޫhһ£Ҳвʦܡ֡
ǰȻԨȴ׶̽ͽݣûܹҩڣûбԨ׿ڳϣΪӡ
뺰ʦȴعǣûܺ
ң֪ԨʵݺԨʱЩн
ľη֮飬ûʱţ̫١
ѹ֡
ޫhףΪԨİ³ҩ֪ΪʲôҩԨܼ̳ܽҩ
Աߵġή֮ϯҲȻͨ˺ܶ顣
ҩ棡
ҩڵʯǼѣȭ΢
ȻԨǰĺ棬ľºܵõԭ£
Ϊҩڵǰ漸ĶʦȫǺӵߣ
˵ҩܹҩڽҲ浱ҩڵǺһֽ֮ԨԴŦ
ҩڵĴˣﻹڳź棬Ϊġɢϧ
ŷʲôֻҪ½صİܾƽ⣬ֻҪȥԺͨϣ³ǵԨǰתⶼӭж⣬ͣЩ˱⡣

ڣâطţһͷǵ̬
꣬·ӡ֮󣬾н̡
໺΢
λľߣûгʤ׷һƬѤõǺӣڽеԨײ
ͣ
ǹīɫܣƱڡ
ԨɫͺȵߣȻԷ컯һо˵ƻ
ħҴӲκöƵĶ̤·ҪҵԣԽصĴ󡣡ħʹɫľȻͫնȻ֪ҵ
Ԩ㲻ɿصԣ
ħʹͷվɡ
⻰һԨޫhı飬˲óˮ
֮ħɢߣֻĻǣѪ壬ûκεʴƻ
綾޼ѰȻӿ
˴֮ͻɱ¾״̬ߵ˭᲻ݵսȥ
ԽͨطԽǿжľԽ죬Խ
ˡ֮ħ֮һ
ڶɿԣָһ֮ͷţΪʼٸߵħʹҲƿߵɢ
ΪģһΧڣֵңȫᱻ
ң᲻ΧԽԽ㡣
ҲΪλѻˣͬɱλħ񾳴ޣڽˡ
ħʹͷŵ֮ȥԽԽңⷽ򣬽½ء
ʱͨλħĿޣڶħħ塢ˣᱻû
ռ䴫󴦣Σʯ¶ˣҲ⡣
տγɵĽ½صͣǱߣħ׻֮꣬
أһ
ֻʣħʹһ
Ҧ죬Ψһ֪ͷˡԨعͷһᣬѹһ˵ѶܼǱ֪߰֡ڽڣ߱һеƻ
֮ڽ֮⣬򲻿ɿصԣħʹҲá
ãħħڡаڵߣԴ½ЩޣҲ߶
ֻڽڣڡ컯󡱵У̶֮ȵط
ڻѻЩħļߣҲˣֻҪܻȡ͵ȫҲˡ
ȫͨڣ
еԨǰīɫܣȻڲɼġ֮£ڼԸ
˶ޫhߺ
취Ԩ
Ѿжأüѯʡ
ҲԨ
³жŮĴˣҲ׷жвѻ
Ԩ˵ⷬʱЩ˵̣
ȻǸĺ
ϯһ񣬶˿˵ϡǵãĩڣΪʵʩƻ֪жҪ첻ˣҪṳ̂·ӦúһѺ⽣
仰һɭ׽⣬ȥ
֮δߡʴˣޫhڣȫʶؼæ˱ܡ
һˡ
Ԩ֮񣬽̤أҲڽֱǰ
߿칬ӡĲܼ󣬻ɽϷķ豺Ī״䡢˪Ƚɣ׷ͣԴĳײ
ҲҪɱң
ݱ¶֮󣬷ſҵԨȻһЦͻȻ˪̬ȴīɫӰһĻĻ档
ǻ·һζصļ䣬Ӱķʽ֡
ͷഺļ˪Ԧš˪֮һòӣڷ͵ֵɽĻ档
˪еĺ⣬ĺһĻѣ
ӲɭɫͻȻ类ǻ棬˲Լഺʱ
λֽڣĵĴɣ
㣬㡭
٣뿪˵ּ򵥵һ仰ôĲ䡣



ھŰʮ 
ǰҽк棡
ǰҽк棡
Ԩλͬʱ
棡
ҩ棡
ǰҩڵľҩţδ̤·ȴںأȷѪĺ棡
ԨȻǺ

½֮⣬½ӿڴ˵ģֽصĸǿߣ׷׾С
̷ɽͽؽҢһͭ¯˿ػ
ƨɵµĶ¯ʱҵ𵴣ӿһĻ⡣
ҢеĹâƺ¯ĻεɢʧǵأϵȻûɢöֻصȻˣɹˣ
Ңٿ磬ԶǵеĻӰ޵ݡ

Ϊĺͭ¯Ҳľ䣬Ʈɣɻصҩڵء
棡
ɽϣһĬԵĪ״ȡ
Ī״ͫһҪ͸磬Ԩ˿̵걾ʡ
ѹ֣ѹֵõϢ˵³ǵһСӣƺˡҫ֡
ǰͺҲѣԴġҫ֡Ҳֽ棬ΪɽͷԵûȡƵĵ衣
򡰾ҫ֡ԪģΥŹء
˿̣Ԩ׿ڳԼǺԺĪ״˳ǣ¶һı顣
棡
ڣ̫ԨڣˮڣڣٽڵϽɣҲڵ͵;԰ռı飬ŽеǵӰ
ͣʦã
֮䣬Ȼתġ˪֮ǰ˭ڵǺصͽܾǿϴѡ֮󣬾ûܸģ
ңҪԾһ
˪һ˫̲ǧӣԨһ£ͻȻš˪֮˷Աı̷ɽɲ޼
ƺҪһ˿ɲ飬˿ɸ֪ĵط侲ú
棡
Ϊ˵Ŀȸ˾֮񣬰Ѥë˲£СҾ֪ûôˣȻٴμ㣡㵱꣬ƭߵ㶼һ
ҩ񡭡棡
ħڵħܲԕFͷҫһۡ
Ȼ󣬹ͷ۵ķҫȻ¹ֹܲԕFȵĿ£նһԲسԨ
ϹϾأһ˻ص¹
ߣл֮ңȥʦ顣ҫǸأ¹͡
¹̾Ϣһͷ֪
ôһι°ܲԕFȻ
ţͷҫȻͬ񾳣ȷҫСĶࡣ
ֻ֪ǰҩڣȷйôһ
ںûǱʣһ궼û͡ޡܲԕF̫ࡣ
񣬵ԨڽУԲѵ˵ҩܲԕFط֣ǿȸǷҫǽҦ죬Ȼڳʼ𾪺Ѹƽȫѡš
ţǰҩ棡
Сӣħ
棡
ϵĪ⣬Ȼһ󣬾ȻЩͻˣǽʧȺûɱ־֮ش˺ͣǺ棬ûʱͽ֪꣬䶾֣
ޡתħʵ䣬ͳˡ
αԨռһֱڻʼԼ
ͻȻ䣬ԨǰҩͶ֪ԷתߣĪʱĲԩ
ȻǺ棬Ҳʧܣ֪󣬲ҵܡ
Ҧ죬λħھޣ鶯ݣĬ
׶ǱߣǱߣвٽͽ֪ڽеԨǰҩʱһҲɫ졣
׶̺͹вˣԨǣ˵ùԨָͶݡ
ˣ֪󣬱ҡڲǣֿʼԥˡ
ϲɹ
ɽߵĽ̬֮Ԩء
ǰԨͬǾʶ˫̸
ΪԨ࣬ԨʼչʾʱϤĸоʱͷɵأϾԨĻ
ˣԨǺ棡
ֻǣ˭㶼ѡ񡣡ЩϧأҡҡͷΪǸѡһĽҲǰעˡ
ϧˣһλҩġҦ츽͵
еԨŽ񣬼ĿȸзҫܲԕFˡ
ͣҦϣΪʤȯգΪħʹתһС
˻һ䣬ıɷħһٴδӽû

ڴ󶦷˳ڽڵҹĻи֣վڶڣɢš֮ħʹͬһ߶ȡ
þòк
·֪ħʹ֮ġ֮᲻֪ûɷħһû
֮һл壬еɷħᱻʴ
þò
ħʹӦ˫һش߲֮ƣγɵͫ·ǧǣ˼صʹǶԸ㣬ǶԸƿصķ컯Ҫ̫ãеǶᱻ֮͸
ⷽأɺͲκڣҵǿһɢ֮£ƿ˴ҵɢߣݱأʯ񡣡
ңջȡ㣬Ϊ½صˣ
ƬҲ˶ңԵħϵأӶɾʹڡħַʽôڣδй
ҽ漣



ھŰʮ ⶾ
ħʹԵüġ
ⷬ˵ѳغޫhϯˣ·𿴵֮һӽȽȽĻ档
ûŵأճδ߱ʡ
ܺϵ½أΪھޣҲԺһΪʷһԵħݣΪԪ޵
صϯλԱ½Ŀ٣ͻơ
ǰֻʮϯλħڵ壬ռݰ˸ϯλ
ͻ壬ĸϯλ
ԳħڵǰΪµԪصϯλ˼ޣٶһϯ
ʮϯλζźصǰδеۺ
ڵĹԣ»Ԫ޺𣬽µϯλȱ
ħʹΪħԵħϵأΪħԪޣǴǰ޹˵׳١
棡ϯͻȻߺȡ
Ϥİִ֣ͬλõԨһ
У۹Ԩ΢΢üڱȽϰԨ֡ԺҶٳΪ棬רעҩһ
ֻǳƺѣ㡣ϯûСϼƽϣĿڣԨԨɣѾͷǲҲ֪ݣ
ħʹǱԨ͸û˪ǰԨߺ˲²⡣
Ԩͷߵˣ֪ˡ
ɵ£ϯЩ
Ϊ֪˪Ԩ鼫Լʦ£Υڵּ⣬س
˪ͺһ㣬߱ˡ

⣬ɷħıҫγһұ
ұУ߲ʵĹ˸֣ǵ΢СĹ˸ħʹͫһش߲֮Ʒǳơ
ɷħУ纮ŮĺȻð

ڴڵƺռ䶼ڱᡣ
΢СĹ˸ڴ󶦸ĿУһһ֡
֮
һ£ϲ֮˪ֳ߶أܽи
ؼ䣬ԶûƲģסľ綾κھޣþżҵߣþĺԨײļ֮⡣Ԩɫͷŵߣһ𣬲ѪСƫƫ֮ı̣ܶơ
ӵʵĺƮȻ
һıϱΪŮԣ²ΪЫͨͷų
ۣۣ
΢С߲ʹ˸ܲºƻ΢Сģ۳ıӡ
ħʹɢߣ͸ǵĿ춾ôơ
ĺԨļ֮Ȼ
ħʹ˫ͫشص߲֮ƣȻз·Ѥõ̻㱬
֮ħƺҲ֪ڲκߣȻܹĺԨļ֮ƣڱ֮󣬽ظ顣
ҩʦаٲݣ涾󣬵óһۣؼԶûвɿ֮ԶûнⲻĶӵ𣬾ˣҵƽĶ
Ԩƽ
ڲκ޵Уûܹأ֮´Ϊκ;ĺԨһطҲΪûоĺԨļ࣬ĵ̡
ҸһöͼӲκΪƾ̡ΪҵͲ²ᱻʲôơ
֪ңΪʲôʱûн𣿡
ʱң뵽ĺԨļܹ֮㣬ȴûھĺԨ
ҴӲκ뿪Ժ뷽跨ȥĺԨնɱͷԡͷԣƳһΪ˽ƿ㡣
ϧ
Ļûм˵
ή֮ϯȻȵֲ˵ѾͷȥĺԨնԣѾͷô㣬ΪնɱΪΪ˪֮⣬һѺϵ齣
£ϯޫh֪
ȻֱںðھĺԨȥƽħʹߣǷ֪ԨնɱԣǺʵĿġ
ԭΪԼ
Ϊӵȿơ֮ħİ취ٽ֮ħӲκΪá
㣬ħԣʼնūң
ǰġ֮ħڵħʹȻͫ죬Ȼ޲˶Ȼоڶŭ
Ӳκ֮صħûƺİ취һöΪĿֲԣûƽ⣬ںκһ½˼Ҿ硣
ԨԼұ䶳ɷħһ͸´

缫Ůĺһ׹ڰŮ
ȻԾĺԨγһ籩
ۣ
رŮСˣҲ֮ǣ˱΢С֣֮Լ֮顣
˵ԺҲк͸ء
ɣķżѪ죬ںİ£޳ĶأܿͻָǺѡ
Ȼǵˣı³һսʿҲ½



ھŰʮ 
̷ɽȡ
һҶǰһ국ɫĻݣҶһεξӨ¶顣
һ¶ڣ΢֮ġ˪֮˪
һ콣⣬ϢԺټһ̷ɽƫƫѡ˼
Ԩ桭
¶еʹͷ飬ګګ
Уǰ°ʱԵЩ쳣䣬·ǰУþòܻع顣
ڳţԨͺϺš
Ҳͽ棬˵ķȵ飬֪ɽȣԨδͽͷԻͽһ
ǱӦͽʱİá
뵽ͽҲ㺡
뵽ʱԼв֪ԷݣԨйߵľٴ롭
ǼһڵʱһûưɣҲ֪˭᲻֪ңֻ֪Ҫ͸¶ǰ㣬ж㻳ɣҶ
ǹİɣǺǰһ׽Ūң治£ڲ֮£ɱ
˪ĺʱǺЦʱҧгݡ
Ȼ֪еԨǰĺ棬ҲԳе̬ȣȥԴԨ
ͽĽһֺԯ壬ݺѾͷҲеϸ𡭡
ǰڸһӵС㣬ΪԺӣ
˪ޡ
Ȼ䣬һӰȡ
ǸӰǣ˪֮󣬺ȻãȻˡ
ˣ̫Ԩڵ
ʸǳ½عĴս;̷ɽʱڱ̷ɽȴ
زµ۹ռңûвսʱ԰ȫı̷ɽţս
Ȼ뵽Ԩȣ뵽Ƭĳ֮ء
ۣ
һ¶鱬һ޽ŷȻͿһŮӣȻǰ
Ůӱ󣬽Ǻӣҫ
ġ¡Զȸ㣬ųâǰŮӣϸۣڿ㣬ǣ
ΪΣǰŮӣԼ֮
ӿֳξˡ
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ӰͿȸѪںϣ¡ԺǱĬأȻıò
ѣӺζѯʡ
ռһλ棬Ⱥڹöæ˵λֻ˵£˰Ʒ˵Լ׼ģίڵһλʦҪƳһ˲õ£ںŮӡ
ˣδܽȻˡ
ģλڵˣûõģҪƵѣҲͲ֮԰Ʒļ۸񣬱ۣռҵ棬Եļ۸¡
ңһֱ΢ŽڱεͼѵıĿֳ

֪ΪΣźԼò߰˷ƵǰŮӣһҴŵͷУʵʵصйڡ¡ϸڡ
˪֮󣬾ûʼճĬ
һ˪Ҳףôˡ
ԭӿȸŪǴΪһ¡ֻΪ;ʧ²ûܳɹҵļ䣬ҵӡУѾͷò˸ı䡣
ûҡ
˪һ˵ͷ˵ѣúȥʲô̫ԨڸУ
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˪ᳶɫҡҡͷһ£˵ǽڵļ˪Ժʦ˵鷳ҡ
仰ƾʧ
˪ɼ˪
һ𺳵أż˪ʧĵطˣǽڵλǿˡ

С
һλλСߡսʿں֮ѹ
ɵϣ˼ʮʬ
Ůɣķ櫣λżѪ䣬ҲƣͣЩȻµĺ¡
ħʹͷųġ֮ʵ̫죬ܴȾʴ˵Ļǡ
Ҳû̫ʱ䣬ǵ˾˲٣ûĺԨļ֮ԣ֮붼ֲ

ѻˣλħħʹȻɱ˫ˣѪ
ħʹĬΣͷ̾
ɢġֱ֮֮󣬴Ӹӿ
ɿء֮˭ͷźͻգҪô޲𲨼УҪôȫӿڡ
۲ɼ궼̽Ķأܿطڡ
ѻˣħ񾳴ޣĴָ֮ǵѡ
Ը
ԨŰеĺ˵ͷƳһۻѻԥ˰Σ˵ѻһҪб;
⻰һ൱ħӿߵˡ

Ҳڴ˿̣ķ࣬壬һ⣬˷
λԪڵɽھĴޣѾˡ
زĲ֮뿪ԺڵϲϰţͬˣһӦþͻڽء
Ԩҽ



ھŰʮ ӡ
һƥѪ⣬ɼԶĻٿȻ
ѪֱأдѪ̰ɽ˿˿Ƶ⣬Ѫи˺ҧѪеĻǡ
ɽ
Ԩ棬ڽǵѪ⣬ŰɽĴڡ
жϣ֪ѪȷɰɽɣŲ²ɽǱڵĳλǿ;ɱ˲˴
ҽ̵İڹ;СѪ̣ʽħѣѡͬһӪѪеİɽߺȡ
⻰һںħǿߣ׷׶ݡ
Ѫ̺ͳħһҲǼ½š
ŰɽĹѪ̵ص䣬޳Ҫа׼ѪѪ̽ħϿɣ»ع顰һ;
ģаҲڽٵϯλߡ
Ѫ̣˷ħվڶ棬νذըڳܶʼδ

ڵĲܼһ´
һ칬ӡ߳ģڵЩǿߣ˰ɽ
ˣ֪ɽڵǶι
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ں֪ܻ࣬񰲌ɽ󣬶ѽɱ
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Ѫ̵а˶ֲЩóѪ壬Ѫ̵ͷۡ
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Ѫħ壬Ѫ̣ͺڲ֮ɫࡣ
ߺܶؾ֮

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߿칬ӡתţڣˣڵھ񾳺ͻξǿߣһһڡ
·һֵӡһһ롣
һ̣߿Դ½ǿߵӡ£Խˡ컯󡱣˽ͷʣµ칬ӡͬա
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һӰ˳ƴӡ뿪һſǳɢ°ӡ֮䡣
컯󡱲ǱƿܼԴ½ڶǿߣȴžö칬ӡԣһ̤ء
һҪʱɱɽˣæֹ
ɽͲܼ󣬲գھſ칬ӡ£һЦ
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ڵһѪʳɾѪѪСصѪҲͬߡ
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ڻصԨüͷ˵ֻ³š
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µǣǰɽѪ̵ߵ׸硣
ڰɽطѪ̣ѪʱڰɽĴ˵ͷӲܡ
ֻǣǰ֪Ĵ˵ࡣ
㲻ǰɽ˵ûгû㡣Ԩһתɽ㣬Ӧһֱǹ״̬ɽѹʶðͷڣЦ󡣡
˻һΪ֮ȻȻɫ
ΪѪνİɽںλŵУջʤģȻǰɽ
ˣΪλţͱɽڣһ˿ԼǶû
˭û뵽Ȼһֱǲ𣬾ȻһֱڰɽĻУ
ĳһǿʢ𣬴ӱȻȫȡ˰ɽпܷɱ˰ɽ԰ɽѪǱء
ôһѪ̣ڰͰߣڲϱǿ
ңλںѪ̵ڶطڻͨ
¶˴룬ΪˡЦЦڵĹ裬ЩԴ½ǿߣ½һ£ҽвݡҺͲܼһһ֪Сطܼмλȱڵߣս⡣
Ѫ̵İɽѳû뿪֮ǰͱĨɱɾ
Ҵӽ뿪ԭǴҵĸǱĬظıѪ̡Ҫü½Ѫ̣ڣΪڼ½ڡ
һĳضʱ̣ƩڽԪһʱðĵƾزۡȻ԰ݣΪѪ̵ν
ңԸˡ
ԱĲݣһΡ
·ڵ칬ӡ԰ɽ½أͲܼӦϣö칬ӡԣƽ⡰컯ʵǱѼϼܡ
籩¶ԼݺͷǱȥ
ڣŲݣ
˺ܶͷĹ裬ǰ֣Ȼŵ伮ڣԴ˵ǷĲݣҲȽȽǣâɡ
ʱĲݣͬһصĲܼ󣬸͡
صݱ¼ʱͥСؾ;ΪھԪҫĿ塣
ƽƽһһӡڶĥѣõϿɵĲܼȫ෴ġ
ݣֽĳ棬ݺĿ
Ԩл㵱һ棬ɽ߳ݱ΢Ц˵ϧͬΪıҳڣֻҪһţֻҪǲݣҾҪΪžľ𡣡
գź󱲲ܼ΢ЦͷʵҲΪѡĻߡ
Ѫ̣ȫµѪ̣ڵķʽ֣ҸٵĴ񡣿ϧƻϲϱ仯ֻƿ½أЩͣںˡ
Щϧ˵
Ҳˡ
ܼϿҵл񣬶λǰҲóϷ
ɽɣλ̤ߣͱٲҴˡ˻أòܼǰУ֮£칬ӡĴȨòܼһˣƿؾöӡ¡
ҲȨĸ档
Ĳţ֪Ѫط޿ȥǸλá
ͬһأܼȵ㣬λ
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ܼԨֿأһָֻ߸߾𣬾ö칬ӡΧתͷųص
Ǹˡ
ֻ֣£ָŷ
䣡
ö칬ӡȻһ䣬»Ρ׳۹ڽصľŴλ
ڵģ߼󣬶ʱŲ



ھŰʮ ս
տտĹڽظɽֲ
ˣͻȻһֻصʥصУڵطǺ͸֪ƺǾӦ
ֻҪǳڣطߣսȫ
ܼһ¥֮վһвݵλţбھ񾳴ޣ׷׹λ
ǷͬںԼӦĹڣ

ԪڵĪ״󡰾ҫ֡Ȼ֣һȼյ̫ǾѸٱá
Ϊһִƾ̫淨ࡣ
ͷħϣ
ֳҵ̫Ī״ĳȣʱӰħλžͷħħȥ
ϣľͷߣͷŵڣͷųĵа⡣
һ̣ϣľͷħӿ棬ʴᶾžâײĪ״ͷŵľŸա
ѣĿĹ⻪ʱĪ״һɸߵľ޴࣬ϣľͷ֮ԲϽ֭ˮľ޴۰ץסϣͷ
ϣʣ߸ͷ˻Хţ˺ҧĪ״ķࡣ
һХֳֵġ֮һâԪħİգս
ǾߣǧʼƴնɵĿֲħĽ£ƬƬѡ
һյħȻ壬Ĳʼס
ƺһ纣һ޲ʼףٴξ£ս
ͬԪڵķ豣ҲֳԼķ࣬Ϫӣţȼŵıӣ;Ů״ģս
Ī״ͷ豣ѡħΪ֣ƺǳλħ
ս˲䱻

Ԩı˲£Ȼڽɳ
ͷ󶦣ŲȻصɫأһ֮Ĳܼ
Ҳ벻Ϊ󣬾ö칬ӡ
칬ӡװΪɽĲݣòݴĽ䱸ģ˳̤أԾö칬ӡԣ׾ٵأԴ½ߣ뵽ͷ
ãʱֻԴ½ˡ
ڳʼ𶯺ԨѸ侲ʼŸԺַıǰı档
ھλԪλ˪δ룬ֻС֮һλھ
Ȼ󣬱˺ͻλڣڵκ׿ڵ
̫ԨڡˮڵˣûеִھĴԽ񼶱
ڣħλȻ³櫣ɣķޣأϯΣޫhܺԴ½ھսһսֽϵʵԨԼߣռһơ
ֻҪ컯ûƿûü½Щ˺һͷͷӿ룬ⳡսûʤܡ
뵽Ȼ
Ԩغô󣬱ħٴƿɭȻһЦֻǿ
Ѫ̳Ȼüķɳ˲Ŵٱ
ֿ죬ЦţѪ̳ϷԳľ޴ħͼɴˣëռһϯԪ֮λͿ㹻ˡ

ħ̥ȻɳһƬɫӰˣھڵĻ˶ȥ
ͬʱ³ɣķ櫵ľż죬ҲصǷĿɱ׷׳
Ƕػ˼ҪħˣʱǰܸԴ½ӿش
象Ī״˰ھǿߣǰڴˣȡ컯ƵȽ񣬻Ҧ˽һս֮
ǰǣ˫ϣ
ף
ڣӼ½аߣһӲӵĹ֡
ĹҫĽصƻԻͣɼ
컯γɵڽ磬θһУھʱ类ڲħܡ
磬˶͸ࡣ
ö칬ӡ
ҿ˷豣Ī״ˣ
Դ½ˣǾö칬ӡɹ̤㣡
ħˣ
ܼСӣȻһְȸһЦߴ͸磬˵صĲͷǾȻţ̫ϧˡ
̬ƺͲͬĲڽء
ԶĲֹ棬ڲƺҲܴ
ߣȻûɢݳħʹУһشصĲƣƶڽ䱸ЫβļŮӡ
Ҧħʹľֹжϳڼɵź
ŮģɷħеǿɷħħɱɡĪһԵأƯڰգɢĺ⣬˺ԨǿĹĺԨ
ĺԨҦɫ΢䡣
ʱ֪λԲκ࣬Ҫԡߡݱصļƻزۡ
Ȼ׽ףɶħ̴Ц죬ԶĻ⡣
̴ЦҲħʹߡпܻᱻĺԨƣֻףħ֪
ˣһ˵ܶþĺԨˡ
ݣ
һѪƮȻһ䣬Ѫ̵İġ
ģ
Ҧ죬񣬻пȸǿߣȻɫ
Ϊصͬǿߣ֪ĵǿͷҲûģʤġ
Ĵֵ֪ͼǣΧɱ׼
λţҾսģġ
ƤЦأǵͷǲ֣ҾһֱţˣѪƾʲôڣ̻ͨǲԣ
⻰˵꣬ҲҦʲôӦؿòĲݡ
ɫ䡣
УһĲݣҾ



ھŰʮ 
͸磬ɱɽŲݣŰı΢Ц
ͫ䣬ͷ
а˿̶Щ¡
ݲָأڼ½ͻȻʧ䲻Ǭ½ټʱĽһξѪƶϳں칬ӡĺȻͲ²⡣
ҴҸϸǬ½Ҳҵݣʲô⡣
⣬ߴ͸磬ֲݻһݣһö칬ӡĹ԰ĵǻۺͼʶ᲻֪ʲô
ǲӦڣ¶̤أȻǱѪ̣Ǳߡ
һˣĲ
ɱ
ޣ˻ţʿ䣬ܼ֮سȥ
ƬӲӵۼף޼᲻ݵĻιУڷ롣
֮ʮͺѪսʿ˼Ѫ໺ӦȻһƬƬۼ֮ϡ
սʿսţȥӽܼ
칬ӡ׳ɵĹؾŸλ뿿ĹϣܼЦһ
ڣ
ܼµ쳹˷
żѪĿޣǾ֮أͻȻִ濴صһɽ߿ա
ҫĹâ۾ʹˮ
ȻʶУʶУ翴ϵoھ֮ϣһٲ費â
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Ѫѹƣ㯣վһۼУسһС
ͱâû
ͷɷħ̤صԨȻʧɫ
ֹа櫣ĲˣҲȻɫ
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룬ܼЦһ
ȻͼһĻâ⣬ЩӿѤٲ㣬޵һƬƬӲۼײ֧顣
ȿһصģ˼߼塢սʿʱһѪ
ߴĿޣʮ費âĳѪģٱ壬Ȼ
һУܼ󣬲ݣھڵĹ裬ڵϣƣڿ޺塢ʱͬʱ֡
ڵǿߣЩڣսһء
ÿһʽȫŹڿ޺ЩƬʱɵƻԿƻء
ûԤڵһսԿΪ׵塢սʿת˲
һѪѪ꣬ڹȺм״ء
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Դ½ڣԾɾƯĹγɣŲ߼еġڡ
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񣬱ܼԾö칬ӡŲɵġڡʥġڡȣ϶Ҫöࡣ
Ȼģ칬ӡγɵġڡȻޱɵأѴ֮¾˿ޣˡ
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ԨǣҲһ˿ɬ֮⡣
֪߼еĿ£ΪֻǾö칬ӡû롣
ôϲſ칬ӡڲܼŲ֮£΢汾ġڡܱ˿ֲ
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վѪ̳ϵأԡħ̥ɫӰס˵ķ׽ɱȻʱ򣬳Ϊ˽󣬡棬Ըڵȥս
µѪ̳͵ػտɫξ壬͸˷ࡣ
˷౻͸֮ٿȻٱ䣬¾ۺϡ
ڣǺأڼ̺ǻۣɵ߼󡣡θпһ䣬˵صĽ飬ٽƬ֮ءƬؽ磬ֻռ߷֮һȥͷû¡
ڣλھޣݲᣡϯҲ
ɱˣ
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żѪĿ塢սʿһϢ䣬лѪ𺳣ԡڡп־塣
ûκðʧ壬ǰ㲻֪ǿС
ʥصľڣܱɽͼ簵ͨģŲͱ÷λܼĿ⣬ӵϵѪƿˣؽͣǣɾö칬ӡõľڣȴܻġ
ǲҾŲ󷨣ȥǺˡ
䣡¡¡
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״֮䣬ȻһƬǵѪشܿޣͺ塢ۼâѵĹͷͱнδȫɢĲлꡣ
еĿޣЩսʿƺġħ̥иһ
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ﻻơ
ܼȡ
յĹʱųĻâеͨΪ֮𵴿
һǾ½ڣȻȫı˷λ
һλλˣں塢֮󣬱ڡס
â䣬Щһ̵սʿҲ󳾶



ھŰʮ 
塢һ㣬ǿᣬóսȴݷƫ
ڡλƣӦʱѾ
ĻâʮλˣϤɱ
꣡
˵ʬ壬Ϊ龧Өʯͷȹڵأ󱻹ţƺЩĻʯ
Ԩ
㣬컯𣿡
֮ܣΪûо֣
ı³а櫣һλλǿߣ˿̶
ͺˣսʿʱ䱻ܼԦšڡ˵׵¾
µǣڽصġڡġ
ڲܼƿ£ܽж˲Ųơ
˭Ԥϲϣɾöɵġڡ¸Ŀ˭
ȥ֮бڵǿߣһԨɣһ¡
ɢ˲ӿһⱻһ򾡣
ɢܵأԶڵĹȺ

ǿָʹսʿ
ͷɷħԨҲ֮ʶأȥͨµĻء
ԴӿӡڳرڵĽۡâִƵĽɣΪ۵Ļأͳɹƺ⡣
ڵĻأٱ۹ǽԼڻصĻѻָɡ
л黹ԶδﵽͨѶĳ̶ȡ
һڻصĳص׵ڻصģ־ĽУ
˲˻ص˼
컯󡱹ͷ汸ֻҪ룬ȷ硰ڡ㣬ڵǴ
ôһ컯󡱾ܵأػһС
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󣬱ϾûнΪ߼󣬴󲿷ֵȥڣԪڡڵǿߣ͡ڡŵĻⲿķ磬˶ôݱƿ
һѣýҦ졢尡¹һͷͷӿ룬ϡ
ҪôҪôأֻѡһô
Ԩͷ૵
ڵľڣ߼󣡿ƣǶҪȥ̲ܼǾһһɱ壡
ܼ󣬹ȻĽɫ
սջʤܼ󹦲û
⣬Դ½аߣȫע⵽ŲΪڡ󣬽塢壬¾
Ԩǽеˣԡڡ޲ߡ
ǡڡɱ¾ǺӶնɱǻڶʱڣ׷
죡ǿµס
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⻰һٸеսʿҲĿͶİӡ
ӵףֻħԨͨΣգѱüΪȶãϣпܽǰȻ͵ֻħԨ
ȻҲֻ֪ħԨǱ߿ܻפѪħ壬ǿսʿǾȻ볢һ¡
бͻֻħԨħãֻħԨڹ
ܱȣ½غá

ԨڵĻأһƣն̨ڵء
ʱĲȻԺأʽ״̬ѹ
ͷëɫľǣ˶ͷ­̧ԳĹԡ
໺
ſ˾޴ģǷĴڣ˻ţһ㣬Ȼŵģǽаû
΢֮ģ񣬻ľ͸˳븹С
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Ķ˵ĿȸЦһǲǱɵˣӦ֪ǶĴ˵֪а֮
ûûԨһ˱仯üͷòԨִ涼ģһ棬ͻȻࡣµʱаһ棬ȫ˳
ʲôȸһ
໺
ٴ޴ֱһ֣ĹԣȻƿնһͷײһ
Ҳ칬ӡɫס
˹ǰͷųĹâӲӵģȻҲ֮ܡ

ɸߵĹײҡҡ׹ͻȻƫԭĹ켣¡ڡв׼
빬Ĳܼҵ񣬵һ˵ҡ
Ԩôģô֪һö칬ӡҲΪƣȵ
˻ţʲôɣӶһԾ޴ײ
ûԵƻ
ĳײצ˺Ρ׵Ĺһҫͼơ
֮ĲͻȻˣҷ·аᣬܼ鷳
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һʯġƬצӲ
ǹƫƷ򣬲ܼԦ󷨵Ļܣƻʧ
οº׷ɱ
ŭ֮µĲܼۿƼʧأԹˣ´ܣ
֪ˣ
λڴޣפغԼӦĹ⣬
빬Ⱥߣȫɱˡظߺȡ
ˡ
һɭ׽⣬ϯЦȻڲͷ֡



ھŰʮ ƣ
عС
ܼҽ䱸ʼսŲĬĬŲ֫תľܣʴ͸
ö칬ӡǣⲿȴŰ־裬ӡƣҲ߱ڵáԨôǿʶ
ü˼
ΪŵһȻ֪ö칬ӡֱɼǣ֮ǺĳɽײĿ½һɽҽ̶һ߲ʱʯеȵɡ
칬ӡģͬٸһµĸʽľ裬Ǳ档
ÿһ칬ӡڲӡڵľŴ֧һ֧ľ
е漰Ҵе漰طеĺʹأеģ֮
ͽڡԪڲͬڴһʼһ󣬹ӵš
ڵּǲڼ֮ڻͨԭĻϰθߡ
вںصɣǵط¼ĥɱ֮ǰƣӾķ
ʹãڵʥأڵ˵ӣȫһ
ˣ;Ӧľö칬ӡĴͬС죬еģûһƵġ
ڡ¡֮󣬱аƿأȻںǵĹصƻ
˿̣ܼһƻУܿʮµѿ
У
ΪߣԳֻȵĿ⣬˿ݡ
̾һ鷳
ҡҡͷƺǱεأ͵س䵽·
һϢǧһѪɫӰ֮塢˵Ѫǻۡ
ȻеѪɫӰϣһԸߴ󣬸Ŀޡ
ͫҫɺѪ⣬͸ɺϢǲɡ
Ī״䣬кܶལڡԪڵĴޣǿص㣬ǲ֪˭ӦóΪȵĿꡣǾȻ飬֪Ԩǰҩ󣬾ѡԨ
֮ڲܼĺ
شĹؼǻأԨֻҪԨشڽأ컯󡯣ֲʯ񣬶ͣ
Կ޵̬һĲݣֱڻǰճ֡
ۣۣ
ԨǰĿռ䣬͸ڽ粣֣ٸѪɫ¡
ڽǰѪɫ籩䡣
ԭҳʱܵý绤סԼ
һɵĲݣ٣˶־ԨǺսӦվߵġƫҪִԲ򣬿Թҡ
ɽʱһֱ磬Ѫ񵺵ѪҪԨ̡
ϧš
ԭȵ룬ԨѪ̵طдڵԨаޡ
ţй۲ԨƢԺҰģûпԨȡģȥδѪ̵Ľ
Ԩĸеϧ
ѪʱԨѪĿûѪأܾ룬ǻϣ
̤أʧȥ콣ѹĻأӦŴ롣
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ڼȻ֣Ѻض꣬Դɵ֪֪˵ԨԨϴԣ¾ˡ
ļΪãֻûˡ
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Ԩ֪Уһ̣мٸݣʶһѨϣĻͥСء
ûѪСأ
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ݵǵӿԨû
ڱУԱ֮ĲݣѪ⣬ȻԽڽ磬ɷħħܹܣȫԨϡ
֮ϣɷħ֮µԨʱһѪ롣
ճѪԨϣ˴ζҲԨ֪Ԩ˿ʲô
˾֮ʣѪ󣬰ɷħͻضǡ
ԨڵգôһѪ룬ݣԨɷħ֮ȻҲѪͷ
˭̻Ѫ֮Ӧ޷͸Ѫ棬̽¡
Ԩ
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ˣѪ̵һ׸磬ĨɱȡȻͬѰ
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е䣬½ЩˣҲΪ֮Ŀ
ݣ԰ɽݣö칬ӡءӶʹãܼͨö칬ӡԴ½ǿʹڣݣѪ̶ûмعԨû
аڵ尣ǱԽڶܵسȡ
׼һ£ҿҪ˶ãʲô컯󡯾ͻѡħڵ¹תҫܲԕFԨǺ棬ûĻɱҪɱ
ͷķҫһҶ
һ
صڽ磬ƴĲըڹ˸ǲ豩ء
ˣ
½ڶаߣͷڶĻҲ谭롣
ᣬħǿߣȳС



ھŰʮ Ƽ룡
컯󡱸ƣħ߳룬ýǿߣϯޫhЩʿʱ
Ƕû뵽ڶǰŲݣȻܹ˿¡
ݲ֪ʲô˻һѪ룬Ԩءɷħסͱˣ
ˣ
ÿһˣʱˣ֪Ӧԡ
ħټϳħڡаڡ׶̡ڣһͷͷǰһսľ棬Ѳڡ
صЩˣԴ½½ĺһ˿ܻʤ
໣໣
Ϊ׵ģһͷͷצ˪޴ѰڶţҹҷʵĹ
·һƬѤ껮ƺɫĻ
һ֮ѹˡ˵ĹأڴѵһͻȻ֣ħڡѪ̳ѡħ̥ջأ˸Źͨ־֮ء
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׼Ʋһ˿ϣ͹ӻؿ־֮ء
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Ѫ߶һöѪʯǬ䣬ͷľսѪ⡣
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īɫ֮ԨһЦҲͰĴк
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ӰԨʶСأߡ
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ԨɷħͻصѪ룬һ鱻˺䡣
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ԨڣСֲݣͰĻʮѪɫСˣսɱ
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񣡡
ϾǣͻƵǿߣ

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򡣬ľƴηײն̨رʯͷѼ
Ƭʯأ类ǿǧ򱶣˵ż򡣬ʮߣƺƲ



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ն̨غˡ
е֪Ψнص׵ն̨·ƿ˷ܱı䡣
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Ȼ⣬ն̨ڵĵҫ
ĵ棬Ȼ⻬һɫӣԼɼһѩ״ԼĽСӰڽɫС
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ͣͣ
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㵱ʱԨˣѵ֪
Ԩûй黹𣬻ͼһѣǱܴ衣
ֻǣǰողͻư˼Ѫλߡ
ĩڵԨĺв֮ͽЧңھаޡ
ټϣԸҩڣΪͷʼԨûޡ
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ˣڽ棬Ԩ׿ڳϣԼǰʱʱ𳾷Ƕβ£¶ģһƣҪԨÿԨǰ
ĵƾϰףһҪ
һԨм˵ûҵһö裬ûڵĿȸǰ㼸ëˣȻɺ֮á
ָȸɫᣬǰһѪ

Ѫ£ƼףƵħüУ۽Ƿ룬ԺƯţһɭɭصſȸ
ԨµĻأӿīɫܣͷɷħʵǡ
Ҫ컯󡱣ȫĶɱһʱ󣬿ʼչ
ɷħͷ컯󣬺ͻأԭܻǿ
űͷɷħϢ쭣ԨĴִϣжɷħʵǵĸо
ҪÿһͷɷħսһأŲΪС
뵽۾



ھŰʮ ΢

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ʹϣʶڣֳһĻĻ档
һұڣйϵľѺаħġߡأ˿̾Ȼһٶ޸
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аڣ׶̣ڡ
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һֱƯͷڴ󶦣Ҳ뿪ʯȥ
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ԨסЦĴ׹Щ꣬جΰ㣬ÿÿ;ö񺮡
ڵĴϣλδޣҪߡ
ҲǴˣڵ֪Լôһδ򣬵ĽͽƲʱƲӻ㣬Ȼ
ˣԼȻ
ͬǴˣְ֮źڱǿߣִҪɱݼңԾ󻼡
һԱԨ³ɺһӿͷɱǰδеŨ



ھŰʮһ 򺮾
֪ҡ
˹أڣͼһɫƾɺۼĿݾ˳
ݾľڣԨףĻͥСء
ݾԨһۿȥûƼˮ
ʱȴپһɺڰĺ⣬Ȼ͸Ѫ裬ǻǣ
ݾʱ۽Ǵбɽ
򺮾
Ļڣһ˸ը
ûнӴֿ¿ݾûκξԨȻһǼ䣬֪ǿݾ֣֪ͷ
򺮾ǱǺӵ죡
ˣһڿڡ򺮾Ϊǰڰİ
ڼսʿܰȥͻᷢɱ䣬Ϊޣ
ޣΪأҲǿսʿȺڵλȻǸ߹
ǰݾνġ򺮾ǱڵĴ
ϵһڰ򺮾
Ԩһ֮ѿڶһеġ
ƺھǺϵһأǺϵһģϵ򺮾
ϵһߣǶصĵؽ磬սһȽס
Ʃ氲ƩƩ롭
ϵߣһϵ֮أͺͱھһ沢ûʲôơ
ϵһߣ䲻ϵߣڶսһأֻҪ֣ܹϵ̶֮ȵطӡ
ͬģϵߣһ𣬻߻𣬺ϵҲӦش
ߣһֱ
ˣϵأϵǸס
ѡϵӶôڣֻȻһڡ򺮾Եúˡ
ۣ
һը
ԨһֺȻ֮ǰڵĴʱԷֻ񾳵ߣƺûдﵽھ
سִ󶯵ݣаħӿ־ۼдٽáڴ˽׶Σ߸״ƾݣͻơ
ΪսһҲģ꼻һ
ڶߣԴͷǰδеŨ͸ͬʱҲִǿߣɳ
һȫµļ䣬˲ӡıԴȥ
Ԩһ㱡
ڡ򺮾ǿضʱܽͻƣҲز۵ѶһԨһĺ棬Ӧġ
ƫƫʱ䲻ð
ն̨ҵһ˵֮
һƬ·ԨԺ
͵ѵն̨εʱ֮ƽͱ˪ʬУԡģһġС
״ѣʱˡ
򺮾٣Ҿ֪ǿھԵ޹ʵʧԭǱ͵͵õˡ
ںͽսֿͣ죬ЦСӣûŵأĽʴ͸ͷ­İޣǴڰ򺮾λˣ򺮾ȴ֪١
ԭˡԨȡ

ǿںͥСأġ򺮾ݾľףʼӯ˼ľˮ
ˮ·ıᣬǵԼ±İ
Ԩ˫Ȼһ۴򿪣ͻȻǡ򺮾ľڣѿ϶У̾һͷͷģǺƷֵĺԣڶ̬ģ͸ɭϢޡ
ڡ򺮾е࣬ƺȦģžˮע룬Ǵӳõĳ

Ϣٽһĺ˶֣ԨԻ
Ǳɫͫһ˲Ƶأǿڡ򺮾
ȴûУȥһۡ
෴ɲǣʱ㣬ҿ׷ѰҪ򺮾Ļ飡
һǿھˮʼġ򺮾绯캮Եľ޿ڣԨͺ¡
ı⣬ӣ⣬ǡ򺮾籡
Ԩĸ֪УĻ׹һֲָģºڰı磬֫ģǳǵĺ
򺮾ľڣ
Ԩ˲֪ڣ֪ķλָ类ڱΡ
һ׶ĵĴʹֵָ
в֪򼫺ޣаݣҧָͷƺָͷҧϣѸٵ¡
ָҧʱϢӿڳʼʹ֮ľʧȥָ֪
ֵָƺ֫ʧѾҧϡ
ʹۣ涼޴Ӹо
Ȼļк󾱺ϥǹǣ̱̾ڡ򺮾ڵ򼫺޿ҧ
ÿÿھʹ֮ܵ⣬Ȼ󣬾û֪
·ǧһͷͷļޣҧһ飬ʵ޵ĸġ
һ֣ڱ٣ľ֪ľС
Ȼ䣬ǻλһ
ؿڣ࣬ѪСأ
һ𣬴вҪѪСҲݣھΪϵ򺮾Լ޶ᣬ¾еˡ
Уû֮ľʧȥʶ
ãȻ㶣оеģƺһֻС֣ԺУǱСֵ״ʱȻ
Ҳ򺮾룬СΪ̬ھѰԼ
СԼؿʱƺȷţҵԼǾڣѱһͷͷ⼫ޣ
ͻȻһөҫͻȻ⣬̫
򣡡



ھŰʮ 
ǺӶģŮǳЦ
Բǻ֮ġ̳
ġ̳ȡؼ䣬ǬǧֹԴйâĻۣ
Ȼǰ򺮾ֻܱ
һ˭İȻ̬վھ룬ɢŹ
ҫ£ڷյġ򺮾ڲĳɼ
أûһ𱻳뾮С
΢֮ĺǰͣ͸ЫβһˣһֻС֣ǻ
ǻѨϴұǡ
ɷЫβС֣ƺҪұѪСأ򺮾ĺ֮ⶳ
ͷһ
ĽףھˮУȴ֪
ȷе˵ˮǵĽףʵû֪ˮ̫ڱѪάѪľˡ
ָƣһͷѩ׺У˺Է֣֮ϸȻĻƣһشغ
ֻӨۣԨһ£;ô˺Եֻۣڲѩļء
⣬ļ󾱣̾һͷͷǿռ֡
еֳ棬ܲݺݵزʳѪ⡣
еļޣ֩ͱ㣬δȸתźܣϿʳ
Щ˺ҧѪ⣬û֪·Լġ
ٴϸ̹ߣûھˮнףƴأˮק
ƺֻҪȫûھˮͻᱻһС
꣡
ЫβıӨС֣Ĵǻұؿڱӽ䡣
ܶʱֻǳ׵ĺڰ˾ԾЦģġ򺮾Уûʲô⣬ڶ౻ܻ飬ֻǱǷ𵽰򣬶ǼٿͷѾˡ
飬޷ûûи֪޷һĺڰ
ĺڰʱʧ޷֪Ҫ˶ã밵ߣᷢ赽ɱԼ
͡
ס
Ԩ˵ͷʾȫ⣬ںЫβҪǻұʱҡҡͷá
۹ǣ糺콣âϪʡ
ۡ
ѪСУѪġ̳Ϣת
ۣۣ
֮֫壬һұڣը顣
ͷֻӨ۵ĺԣʱѪģڳʹ֮£Ҫӻؾڷ϶ʱԨָֻ֪֣͵ؿסݡ
ӣǲеˣ
Ԩֿ죬ɭȻһЦֻںĴ֣ǰһֱͣӴԵĸ
ԵͷһӵԨ򴦣һͷ̾ײһ顣
أأ
ֺڼУΪԨ첲Ĳҽžͺܹ졣
Ȼ糺콣âͷֺҫ糺缲䡣
ļޣҲһĴҲڲͷųԴԨǰ״֮󣬷׷ױԨɱ
Ŷ
ӰһԨǰͷ
ʱ򣬺ڵĴŭأӾˮУһظˡ
ˮʱһ߱ұŵģͺƵıӨ
ʥŮ
֮ȿһۺ˲
ԨûȥƳһۡ
Ԩ˺һڰ򺮾ϵҪû´ڰ򺮾λմӰСӡ͵ЦţˣȻ˰򺮾ֻҪأܽ򺮾ǰصİ򡣡
ڰãûǿİޣûбɱռļܾӿеĺڰħܡħЩڰߣҪȥֺлȡڰĺڰ
⣬ؼ䣬ɵڰϤߡ
һħ֮ش嵱峤춨ħϵĵλ
峤ڲûġ̳С
ҲΪԸħ̴ЦĹؼ
ˣԺͺڰأͺڰصأɺˣСѧϰҲӶװء
ݣݣ
ѪâԨǻ쭶˲͸ЩѪģȦ򼫺ޡ
Ѫâ顱ʣЩڵѪ飬һ
ʮͷͬ࣬ѽǧ࣬ⲻͬ磬׽ռޣ̼
Ԩ
ڽߣӲͺϣƵԨ
ԨϷƯ룬Ž״ŵģѾȥ̳Ѫ⾫ܵߣңȫ˽⡣
һ컯̳Ѫ֪ģݼٰ簲ɽʱȻҲ֪
ݣûнܸ߱ˡ
٣һ֪
ԴޣʳԼ˺ҧ
ֻҪѵģֻҪ̳δᣬͷЩֻ൱߼ĺޣѹʢ磡
Ȧǣһǵ͵ȽףڽʹǿԨ΢Цţٴ˵ϧǻûüɳûдﵽܹҿĸ߶ȡ
һһͷͷ޸ɱʬ׷ˮ
ھϵڰ򺮾ľУȷ㹻Ӳʱûڰ򺮾㱾ˣͬҲ½ذ
ԨЦ



ھŰʮ 

ͻȻھУԨ£ӡڳرϵĹ·תīɫܣʼת
ڶ༫޵Ĳл꣬˲䳶롣
ھˮεƿ򺮾ƣ뾮ʱɫȻһ

һǺڷɳŲΪС
Ԩ˼άʶ˶óٶۣʶСأ͸Ǻͷ
سر֮ϣתīɫܵͼӡīɫܵתҲޡ

Ԩ̧ͷīľڣűڰ졣
ڤڤУܵ½أؼĽƽ磬ѱش
رڵĹ·īɫעʱʵתǽصǱ

һżȶĹâһصӣڶʯеһ鴫ȱֱ죬λˮڵĻϮɱյһ·ббش䡣
ڣͬͣյǿڡ򺮾
ڵĴ˿Ѵ̤뾮ڣֻʣһֵľұţͣڿС

ڵұǵȶĹâ˲顣
â˳ƿһâ¶Ľͷţ̴塣
ǾھڣģͺƵıӨ壬͸֮ը
ըΪһصľӨ顣
Ȼ뾮ˮڣƺһٴνˮ
µһδӾˮڡվԡ򺮾ľˮѪͼܾӿ

һƵĻܹͬӾڷйٲεײĻɢ
ĻǣһƬƬѵĻ뵽ˮ
ˮ£ھӿͨ򺮾ľˮ
ĵ
صܹĽعйÿÿѪⱬѣɢ
ڵĴϣھϵ򺮾Ĵޣأȥٸܶʼ
ҺϵڵأҲ
ХӾеһشĺǴ߰˸Ӱھˮƶţ˴ںΪһ
ھˮϣԨĮû뾮ˮнй
ܴѽ
ĲһַŹС̫ͷ˵ڰ򺮾ȻˣֻҪȫûмԣһֲۣļ򡣡
ǵģˡһ䡣
Ԩ֪
ըļ˸ʶ˾׵Σԣϵڡ򺮾ʹûгأֻҪϸһЩۣҲ뾮ˮԼֱʹ嶼Ϊֲصļ
ȥڶʸ񣬲ȥ̽ĵؽ硣
ΪصĽڣǹѾڶѷ졣һ䣬ѷڣڰ򺮾ܺͼγӡ
Ԩֵ˵ͷ
У˵ûڰ򺮾Уѱɱٵ
Ԩü
ҲˣʶһƾѪļܣʵѺڡ򺮾Ϊһ塣
˵ڡ򺮾Ѿһ塣
ϵھʱɱ䣬飬ǣ꣬ڡ򺮾
ֻҪھأѣͨˮ
ͬģڡ򺮾شݻ٣ϵھʹǧ֮⣬ڱ磬Ҳ˲ش
Ŀԡ
ǿһϵԨֹһ䣬˵ţھڸɱ硭
ѳȥġֵ
ҲȥҾھأƻھԨۡ
Ļʶţȥͨն̨е
ڵġ
ȥͷر˪ն̨
á
򵥽ܸӦɵأǿƽն̨ȥһ飬Сһģ˱˪ն̨
һһǻ֮⣬Ԩʶڻ
ȻΪ׵ģһͷͷصľᵽһܹȺĿֲϢ
оѪ꣬˶
ɫӴڵأţն̨֮ϵĴأϵز
ģһͷͷҲģţҳ
£ǿر˪ն̨ײһ£һʱ֮ն̨
ն̨ǣռű
ű˪ǿն̨Ȼʧ
Сء
Ԩ̯֣һʱתԳһѵģǷĻҰʯͷ
ն̨
Ĳһǿ鴫˵еʱ
ˮУһãȻأԨĵǿʯͻȻоĺڵڶ෨һʧˡ
ǴżϢĻǣǿʯʱ˿־塣
ֿ־壬ƺǱܣٹ̡
ĵּУԴһͷʮ񡣡Ԩ˵Ż۾ȴһ˲Ƶأеǿʯ翴ʯڣͷ֪˶ı˪
ҵ뿴ڱİ򺮾ܷ
ƴСĻҰʯͷԨбãһͷ˪ǻۼ͸Ө׺ľ



ھŰʮ Ʊڣ
һͷı˪

׳ı˪ƺն̨ϸɣһ·̲ؼľâɴš
أһͷͷǱڷ϶ҪļޣȻס
Щޣᵽȥı˪Ϣʶҡ
˪ϢЩ޵ĸ֪УһĺУǵĻǺʶ
׵ľˮˮڽΪ
ѩǱ˪ʬ䣬һƬѩ䵽ˮ棬֨֨¡˲졣
ʱԨ֣ͷ˪Ĳ
ͷеֱ֮壬βâһˡ
šͷаı˪Ԩ룬ʹ򡰰򺮾ľڣȻ󿴵ļâ򾮱ڵķ϶
꣡꣡
ڱϵġ򺮾ڵķ϶ͻȻѣ
ǧ⣬ƺЩ϶𣬴ݻŴ˷ص񷶥Ļ硣
ű˪̬ն̨Ԩֻһ̣񾹺ȻƮ졣
Ȼ֣򵥵ĻӴ̣ȻĻʧķ֮һ
ն̨
֫ٺѪСأĽëϸףӦն̨ı˪
ܿն̨еıѩأͷɽı˪ʬͷűĹӿϢͻܡ
ɽУСһŵģżͰ˼ʬҲڷŹ⡣
նɱڴ˵һͷͷδɢĺƵƱá

ڴԾˮҽУͻȻľӨ׹䡣
ֻǡ
뾮ˮġƬûܹͨľˮһʱϡ
һصıӣڽˮ棬δܳȥδܽˮ

صıӣڱˮţԲ鵯¡
ɾǣ䲻ˮıƱ¡
ԨͺڰգͷԳŪɫһصıӡ
ݵһԨͻȻأͻȻָ׸ǴСı
ըѣһĻǣţм
Ҳɱ㣬ֱӴݻٰ򺮾ԨЦ
һ򺮾һصļ磬ʼֽ⣬˺ţǧٿף䲻ȶ
磬ؿС
̫â£ǿյġ򺮾ѳķ϶ڣѣĿĹԡ
ǿصľҲѰ㣬ѷڶࡣ

ŵľ类ͯմݻٵĻľͻȻһ顣
ԨͲһͬ߳ץű˪̬Уġ򺮾ֻһ¡
״ġ򺮾֫ĸ飬ɸСƬ
һѿģкڵĴϡ
ǣЩһͬһģ֮ᡣ
ڡ򺮾ġ顱УվЫβĺɫͫһȻ׳
ͼڶڡ򺮾ġƬ£ռ
ӰһʹЩƬƾʧ
ԨϾ֪ɷħڶڶϯλֱӿʼЩ顱Ÿϯλ
ϵһڰ򺮾Ҳһھı飬ش
Ԩվţľź뿪ʧ˵Ǻϵı׶ˡ
һԨͣڣ˪̬С
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ھϵһڡ򺮾ǾУۼʶġ
ãѪ̽ģأڡ򺮾еأѰ
˵ڶʱնɱˡ
лξ徳磬Ͱ˼սʿ൱Ԩͨһն̨ƬϮɱ̫˼顣
ն̨
ٴαãҰɫǷʯ飬Ԩ񼤵
û뵽ôһССն̨УȻӳ˷˼һλھĴޣһƢû
ն̨ΪҪʬͷ˪ڵϵ򺮾ŻôҰɡ
ȥʱһת
ͷƬģһͷżͷ˼ĺ˪ãȻأ֪ؿ
еǿն̨
ȥǱߣ
Ԩеնָ̨ڵľԸ
еն̨ڲأ¡¡š
໺
ͷ˪ʱ뿪ƬأհڶţһͷڣڡĹ
ɵĹа񣬷ĲײãáڡѲת
ټͷ˪ڡشȻѩ׷ɣᶳ
ն̨֣ƣ
Żʧһ֣Ԩ־ϲ
ǣΪεն̨ԡλն̨ܣӡǣһն̨˼ľٶ

ץǿն̨ͻȻĴء
£ն̨һʱ֮һŻƽ
ƽ򡣬Ȼ̧ͷɫűײбŰƺҪͨ񣬽ԨʬΡ
ֻǣѪ꣬ɢϢǲ



ھŰʮ 
ûŵأݼ
һλػɫ糤ͷȻƵĿߣܽⲽСǰ
ܽȻಽţǿسĬš
ݼ򸽽ȫµС򣬷ֱԼҺղҵˡ
ſߵĵִСˣ˳
ݼڣү貣۪쿡СһݷƷƵˣԼҵԶղҵˣ£һ顣
𪣬һĿɬ
;ĵһ֩ʬ뿪Ѻ빵ͨ
ǱҲ֪ͨطȡ֩ǱصѪΪһĽ׼
ʱ룬ޱչذ㣬ʱעľޱ䡣
ȻҲܲս
λػɫͷлƵĿߣȻ֪Էݡ
֪λɫ޻ǻ峤ڰɫ컢ΪǰǿߣҲһλż
ͻȻݼĿΪΣҲ֪
ϡ𪹧
Ϊ˵Ļ峤ۣľսЩݼˡ
ڣгݼҵˣپһܣһɽѹȶǼҪϢ
СݼˣһƨأڴϢɢ
貺ۣȵһ棬ݼҵСһ·
֪ܲλľżƻͻȻݼΪ
ҺݼҵˣԨСӹԹԾͷصķ⿪ͷңԸԸʡ
Ҳԣ
Ұɣ
۪ݷƷƵˣ׷
ԼҺղҵЩˣǰһĻֻܰ̾Ϣ
ܽɫ컢Ϊ״ղõˣҺܲɷ֣ԨĹϵͬһӪΧ塣
ðԨôһ
˵ûɿܽɫ֪˵ʲôûС
ܽǰɫ컢ĵӣ컢սʱǰλ峤տ
ܽûãǵȰ˵ʲô壿
ԭķԸһʩչͨݼ򣬴½صϿաԨǣݼǵԨ⿪صĽ硣ߺһҸոյõһϢ
ϢȻ֤ʵģҾɱݼˣҲӰ˵
ҩתǵ⣿
仰ͷżϻȻһ⣬ݼ
ҩתԨҩ棿
Ϣ֤ʵˣ
ү貣ݼҺղҡԼҵˣܽ𪣬һǱУԭء

С
Ԩ״أϥϣֱڷҰʯͷ
һű˪ն̨һ飬ʱ֮
ȹվһ˫ҫ۾һصģһͷͷľ
Ԩֱֻ֣ն̨Ϣù϶
ײ칬ӡľǱߣǽƺ⡣
ǰһͷͷƽ˪ĵͫ绯صˮ̶̶ˮ߮Ӱ
Ȼն̨䴩ص
仰һƽն̨Ȼһ
ŵˣѪڣܵᵽһɣȺ˻еԻ̼ĿֲϢ
໺
򡷢豯ӴĽɫȻһɫ磬˲ġڡ
֮󣬱ڵ˵ڡԪڣõ壬ʱѱ䣬̳Ǿ
Ҿ֪Щ࣬ªĴ棬һ㶼ֵ
ڵƣһͷµĹ۷϶ڵɽ͸ڣҧ
Ǧȥʱɫʯ棬ȻԿ̵ӡһƬƬơ
˹ĳ׳ڣնһ̨Դ˴Ϊһ칬ӡ
ͷ̾ڹڣѪӦĺܽԲѡ
ش˹ƣŹ𶯣λõƫƣһţһ
ԨʶСأڣһһļ˸ը
һ΢Сע飬µǿն̨
ʶ·εԶսΧɱѹն̨һһնɱѪȲпử棬ǰİ
ն̨ڣ޾طģһܱΪֲ䡣
䣬ȹڵķģ֪˶ٱ
ն̨֮ϣƺˣ䣬ըص׵ն̨һͷͷ񣬾ż˼ĲдЩϣֻҪڱ
壬Ӵ˾ںݣ
ն̨˶ԸģĴɱ
Ǽڣеʱǿߣǻۣһͬ
ûֻǱѹʮΪλϾɱ
ն̨ȷ߱ţ
򡣬иϸڴ˵ľ벻ǿѺն̨Ů벻֪ʲô䣬Ԩն̨
ܶն̨воΪá
ݣ
һȼźɫħǹеͶֱԨüĶ
ƳԨն̨Լ壬ڵھǿߣΡ빬ңԵɱ֡
ֻǡ
ǸȼźɫħǹдԨǰʮףʱȻһңħǹһͷ˼
ʱܣ



ھŰʮ ħֵĵ
ĸߴħӰƲһ˫İӣŵ棬СԨ
һλŮΧţ鵭Įػ֡
ÿλ֣һɫ棬͸Ůֲµġ塱ŮõʧЧ
Ԩߣһ
ȼպɫħǹâ΢䣬䡣
ͷ׳˶ͬȼźڰħǣħǹһΪɣͬһٽ
꣡
ԨͷǰĿռ䣬羵ѡ
ͷħ̬͡˺ҧĹƣȫȻһµأԨǰغ󱳣ͷ­
ǿ飬Ҫʱ֮ն̨Ԩյ۾
ɫƽأǿҰɫն̨
֨ѽ֨ѽ֨ѽ
ͷǰغ󱳴ȿġʱš͸ļšζ
ͼͷħǵӰһƾʧ
Ʊû
еƺһѸٵ޽һħӡһڣξѪ̲ŶλͻعĹħӡԹ᳹ȥںͽħͺȣ
һشغɫ棬һֻֻڵ۾ǧʱ䣬ҵ;㣬Ԩܱ֡
ڰؾۣʻ䶯»·Ѫħǹ
ħǹڵ꣬ݸѶǾñطζ
ͣӲͬλԨĿ⣬˳غ;
ʱ䣬Ǹħǹ꣬ȴδ֪ģû㣬ûأƯ˿֮ܰá
һѰꡣ
ٴοһۣԨ֣ٸһǿն̨ħλھĴޣĬˡ
Դǿն̨ʱմҾĹ죬ͷӰ
ԸԨΣǽΪ
ĲҽͻȻ
һܶаڣ׶̵ˣͼնɱʯơ¶ʱѽȥ
һƾɹ׾ɫУƹɫа۾īɫܣһλξǿס
ɫȥʱλаڵǿߣ
һյƵƣīɫΪȼϣоͷŵĻƻ棬һλ׶̵Ľͽͷ
ֻͣƬ̣ƵȥλͽĻҲȼմ
һλźµѺڵ˿һۣ·ӳݣݣһֱڵš
ڵλߣŶ䣬߿Ѫ
һɫڹڵ֮䣬ЩڵǿߣȥʱͻȻ۽ԼĲ
أԼԼ
ٿһԶ
ɰǧɷħŲΪһλħ񾳴ûλͼѡ
ȴ뿪Ѫʱ۵رٱһͷͷɷħ֨֨ѽѽزʳ
ƵģɷħУڲͬλãԪڡڡħߣҲʹɱ֡
䣡䣡
ľڳײǾ
ڡѾһĲܼվأڹҴܵľ
ܼ飬ҲͷʹѣƺŸν
ڱǹö칬ӡŲĴԭþżѪޣ̲
ڣֹڡ޷չܼ󣬲ݣӹڵλھޣڶڵˣҲǣڡ
һߣ͵ĵͽսͷħ񶼵
ٿս
ӿصģͬһӪǿߣ񶼲˵ȫռϷ硣
սʿҲϵأвɥ
ⳡս˫˭Ҳûռˣɱ󣬴ʻܾ˵ľ档
Ԩ
һͷ䲻ͷ
һΣĿⶨǵ״صӰֻһ̵Ԩôİƴδʶ
ĸоҲС
ħڵһϮ£еħӰͣ£ܲԕFЦݿɬҡͷ˵˵Ǽġ
һλǺӣŴ´󹦵ĳħħ֣˵꣬ȷʵӴ̸Ϥ
ûͺӴԨϤܲԕF򦣬˿գ˵أҶҪɱۡǣߣԽԽˡ
˵ʲôü
֪ħλһսȥ˫ءܲԕF˵仰ʱָָǴͨİ޿ӣûиоģȼ䶯ȶͨѸٻָת
ħӰ΢ظ˵ʲô
޸ֻħԨͨܲԕF࣬ҵĲ²⡣
ǾãͨЩˡ˳뿪
ǡܲԕFҡͷҵǲӣǽ뿪
ͣһ£ǣѾ١ǵĿģúزµĽ׻ᷢΪѾĿġ
ӻȥعֻħԨطǿգԺҲ㡣
ܲԕFƶ˵
㵣ʲôü
ҵģµĶܲԕFȡ
һڱɫ
ۣ
һĲ޴ͷͷǹǱзɳ˫а
żĲԼɫѪУѪڲԣ»֮
뿪аģ棬һָ
ȻǣȺͣƣɢŰâһ档
ģһͷͷڵǿߣͻȻƽ͵
ڵˣãȻأɫ͵أ



ھŰʮ µĿ
Ӳɳʮ֮ߣԡڲС
ͻֺ׳ľȣԸߴƲ¡
͸źͰƵףھʱսǿߣһͷͷȻذ
еı壬̣ᣬϵ񡢿꣬类֣֮ȻĨȥ

ǣȻٴΪһ칬ӡ
ſ칬ӡҫžĹâڲܼ󱳺š
ܼһѽ񣬿ǴȺ
һ飬Ӧ칬ӡУһ߽
߽ռ䣬ɺĳǿմ֪԰꣬ս

ܼ󲻸ҵһһͷɲͬ칬ӡݣòݣڵλھޣ֪ʲô
ǣھޣæԼˡ
֡
Ϊ׵һͷͷǻڰУͻƽۼףͷӲǿϢ
꣬Ҳ꣬ڵѪƽ
ɫµתһ£ѰԨӰ
ȻͿ֮ϵԨָһն̨˵ͷҰ֡
͵һһ΢
еľ֪ͣڿС
ԡڲеĴȺתͣһλλսе壬ߡ
򴦣һֳսرֹ
ɲʬУɲǽ񣬻ǿȸʱûҪ뷨
Ⱥ͵ؿڲλһɫС
ǶСԵ쳣ͻأ죬·˲ᡣ
жˡ
жˡ
жˡ
ÿһλﵽξ񾳺ھߣͬ壬ǿߣǶСǣڶôһ΢
ˣǶϸһܡ
Ȼ䣬ͣĪ״豺䣬أ³ϯ
нصǿ飬񾪱䣬۾˸ţĴ
¹ʦܲԕFǷողŽ¶˼ر飬Щ飬ͷֲҵսӲڷɳͣ¡
һصʬޣб˺ĴѪģ塣
Ŀ߱ء
״أ纣ĬĬȡŸ֮ѪߵĻǣҲ֪١
̫ˣڶ̶ʱڣƬء

һɫѿնڵκ׿ͷɥð
һҲһѵĿռ϶͵ظ֡
ʱУһ档
һħӰ̬ܲԕFվһ𣬽ŲһȼźɫħǹһһȺŮΧУ
ǰδߵͻȻռع飬һܲԕF˵ħӰķ֮
һλ
ܲԕFĺ΢֪ʲô
Ϊħڵħ֣ǰԹͨˣֻһŵĳħڵɶԷе֪ħ˵죬濴Ǿߣ󣬵λҦ졣
ʵϣħеĻˡ
Ϊ֮⣬ħ̴Ц죬ҲΪ
ҦļޣھûٽһĿܡ
ͬᣬ츳Ƿǻ۾ˣҲѣħһڽȥϯλǿߡ
Ҳ֪һԽκ׿ռʱ˳
ֻǣΣ䲻س֣ҲֻǴѡ
ͨȶˡ
Ǻ϶ΪһһֱͨڵİӣȼźɫħǹֲȻϨ
һ
ҺɫµħǹƮ䵽ӣȽӴŻۡءӺֵСʱʱ
Ӭͷɫ֣Ǹ֡
߿е޴ħӰ࣬ǧħģϰҰ䶯ƺʲôѶ
ʱˣ壬д׻עϡ
ԨҲ⡣

ץΣһҲԨ֡
Ը񣬿˿Ԩеһն̨ͷʱնǣǿѹĵ̰иоͨУһִء
ҲʱͨϵƺҲ֪˵ʲô˺һµжϣµĿ˹
⻰һ˲Խؿֿͨ˿Ⱥ͵
ԤߣȻܲԕFȺ֤ʵ
˭
һʱ䣬ȫֻ֪ħԨߣ˭
һһͷҲ˶ͷȻͨȹ̣ȻѾһλĹأ
Ƿ񣬽иǿߣ̤ͨݣ
ǵ˺𣿡
ܶսʿСֹȼϣĻâ
³ҡͷ϶ǣ
Ǻˣ
ħҦ죬վϣͷһ˸ڣڶ౻ѱĵħ͵˻Хš
ЩħƺЩηʲô
ͨȻȶȲ˭ǽˣ
櫣Ȼ벻˭ˣøϽ뿪ںؼ
԰Ǹûعˣ
Ǻ˵
ߣ
ܶǿ߻ӦиħԾԾԡ

һͷħõϣ׿ϣһԣͨ



ھŰʮ δ֪
ĶħӵпȻξߵսħ
ڵõͷħϣչһֻȷصӡ
УѹͨģڼͻȻ
ۡءӺ֣ʱųĹ⣬𶯵ʱܡ

ͷﵽħħռ䣬һźڻɫѪ
žŸͷħϣһ˫˫۾Ӹ߿ţ֮ϵԨ
ɱħģͨĻ֮ǼĲд
Ϊ컯󡱵һ֡
Ǻ⣿
ظսѪ̳Ϊħ֮ᡱûüһͷħ̽·ħôΪһѪɫҲ̫ÿ
ϣ״ĺͰλħµħħħһ֡
ͷħ縺Ϊ̽·ΣɷûнͨƺͱλĨɱ
ڽУܴڣܼԦУܵûϿɵֻԨ
Ԩѯʣ˭
ҡ
Ԩվüͷ¶Ⱥһ
̬һ˸Ϣڡ
һµļѶˮڴ󺣰㣬ӡǡ
ԤζŴֻħԨߣȻǼǷĴڡ
һ˼Ԩһչȥ֪ص쳣
Ļı䶯ʱܿϸ΢ҵڶǱţԸðͷ׻ʶ뵽С
ǣȴûио쳣
ҲͨݺġһĻĻ棬ӶԤ
񣬾;߱֪ܶ˲ɼ֪̽
һıԼԴȺƵһ棬ǿսֹ
Ԩ˼ʱؿͻȻ˴ʹС
һΪ֮ĸо緺ĵĺˮһû

ҵشϢţܵأǿʱ֮ն̨дʹеؿڣٴ
ڣǿǷҰɫ˪ն̨
ն̨һؿڣһ£ƽˡ
Ȼ󣬻أɷħݴȺ͵Ƶԣҳϵɢ俪
ŲеɷħѪ°ĸߵȼɷħҲ׷׻ع顣
Ԩıֹ֣ȴ𰸵غλħ鶼ų
ǣкܿµļһˣ
زͱˣͫӳճһһӰ
ÿӰϸȥƺһصĽƣһء
ܶԨ󣬿ŹеӰС΢䡣
ЩӰӦģ½صһϽأг֣˵λǰʮаħħǱݣѺڽô꣬ͲЩư
ңÿƺСˣһеģӡǡ
أֽܲýص½صСˣ
ѹ֣ѹɵسûأԹݣڿ־֮سưԣڤ۰ðͷһʧپ꣬ǧꡣ
ľѡ
أͷβûչֳѹûȫԸ
ֳ֡Ѫ̳ǿ־֮ϵĹ½С˵ⳡսȽͺͰģҪµļһ
ңо
Ҳ𶯣⽻֯˲ָԭ״
ظһ飺ԨǲǸ㣬쳣µļһˣ
ָȺ͵ɫ֪ԤӲҲ֪ϧԴȺһ¶ͣⳡսԷͬСɡ
ԨͷҪ˵һ䣺ô˵
ܼ񣬻б³Ǽλ
һ̤죬ڶӿħ֮䣬ϣպ״ͷħǰʱħ졣
ڽʱдħеħһء
ƲҺա
ҳλ֮ͣ
ؿһλλ죬ޫhϯΣأңԨо֪ڵࡣ
ǡ
ͣһ£Լɡ
һɫ⣬µ۹򣬹Юǧǧʯ
̶ڽڴһΪߣ߸޴ͼ俪ʴ
߸ɫͼӡŸʽܼĻơ
߸ͼ֮ϣ׷ţͷĻɫ޻
컯Ȼƿˡ
ͷɫ޻ͬʱڣе˵ԣе˵ԣеֻǵͺ𣬿ɱ˼ȫһ
ҡһ䣬ٴλΪˣŽɫɽۣΡ
ͷɫ޻ͼҪȻڶ߼˼սʿڳŰκɱЩǿߡ
ЧҲģսʿصľϵ˲䱻նϡ
³櫺ɣķȾżѪ죬ͷħ񼶱ħȻЧǵ£ȫѱ䣡
񣬿ȸ֮⣬صĴȫ
ݴȺ͵񣬲ɢֹսķȺ͵һ棬Ҳڱģ
Ųбаһ棬һ
ն̨֮ǰ򡰿ή֮ϯеǱֿ׹ǴĽɭ׹â
ܹûľѪή˥ܵ齣˵
ϯԲ֪ı飬䷢£һˡ
̷ɽҩڵĵʯ
λѰڽŲϺŵߣӿֵĿֲѪÿƣưѪġή֮ذ
ή֮ĽУ޷ǹʢѪҪһ㡣
ϯ㵺ãȻĿ⣬ʯɫ糣º͵΢΢һЦ
ϯپëȻ붼룬Ԧšή֮Զݷ˲Ϣ롣



ھŰʮ 
ҩڵĵЦ⣬һԨ
˿̣ڶսʿ׷׷ʧأٴѪս񣬱³ǿߵעԱȥ
أΡޫhˣûʱ̹עԨ
ԨԼͻһǿҵĲ
ǿ飬ʱ֮ն̨ųǰһѹ
ǷĻҰʯ飬ǻһѤõʱ֮ţһͷǱߵİ˼˪
ͷ纮䣬峤׵ı˪ƱԨУһն̨ơ
ͺһͻȻʯ˺ҧȥ

ͷŵϢͱһź⡢⵶⣬ƻСű˪
ʯΣСı˪ȣСĶࡣ
Цݲ䣬ԨغޫhȻĿ£ͷ˼ı˪ڴ

˼ı˪Ȼ壬ըΪһؾӨıʬϢͼ֮⣬Ϣɢ
ԨȻɫ
ʯ쳣ȷţǰҩѱ
֨
Ϊһصıʬʯ߹֮ͻȻٴ飬ػ˹³һں籩Ϣޫh
ޫhɫһ䣬˵һͷ˼ı˪Ҷ֡
籩Ȼһ䣬ڲĺһεβͬɫѪ֣ڱ˪Ѫ˶츲ؾޱ䡣
Źսޫhķ籩ڣȻͿ־֮ʧϵ
һڡ籩ޫhסı˪޴βɨһ£żģƵˣ֪˦ôԶա
أԿŵֻ֣ǰһ㡣
ֹĿռ䴫󣬵ҫţſռ档
ռ䴫εļԦ£ոģзصľӨķ̨
̨ռиżѪսʿھޣҪȫԸ
Өķֱ̨ʯǻ;ߴʧ͵ͻ֡
ߴʧʩչռռ䴫õķ̨ߴοռ䣬ܿʯ
һͻ֣ǾӨķ̨ڡʯǻ״
ʯһЦ
һӰռ䶯ʱţߵǬĹѪؿ֮´
Ҳʱ
֮ϣն̨Ԩؿڵ조̳͵һ
ԽģԨ³һѪ
·λȫѺۼͷǹڵģǺԳơ
˿ӡڶལӡֱ۹ǡ
һ
ĲѪһӵز
λϣ֪ô£ȻҲش
ֱӻ˹ȥ
ϵѣһͷųصĹƣ纣һɢʥϵٶȣȹ
ǿ飬ɿռ䴫γɵľӨķ̨ڡʯǰͣס
ʯ΢ЦţһָͷôһǾӨķ̨
ô˲䣬Ρ
εʶ类޾ģѪû
ǿں͡ʯǣش
ʯָͷ£ǿ龧Өķ̨طȥĿ꾹ֱָһæİġ
ݣ
Өķ̨׼ȷײǵѪӡ
ѪеİģƺһȻѪ壬ʶΪһؽأһζΣܵһʱؾۡ
ʯǰǴЦ⣬ɫܷɣһ㲻ż
Ԩ֮ľ𽥱ƽ

˲Զģ߸ͼ߸ɫ޻һŭȣ˭
һͷɫ޻ЮǸͼεض𣬵ͷʯ¡
ʯͷû̧ǸͼҪײͷʱһɱѪɫͷ
޷ȷɫ󣬲֪ǺѪɫͼײһ顣
Ǹͼ红ͯߣȻѿ
ţ׷ͼ֮ϵģ嵱峤һҪҲ˶ΪһţŹͷอĻɫѪ
໣
ʣµģɫ޻ҽС
ʯȻû̧ͷ࿴һ˫ƽ̶ˮеأʼԨһ
ͷһŵĻɫѪͻ䡣
һͷȫµĻɫ޻ԼѪ
ĿУųʧصѪâ͵ͺţԼ
ڣǸѵͼ˶޷֡
䣡䣡
߸ɫ޻ڽ֮ڴ˺ҧһ
ͷԼһѪĻɫ޻һ·磬Ѹҧһͷɫ޻
ȥĻɫ޻ûãٴλ˹սѡ
ɣɫ޻Ը
һĻĻĿֲ䣬أע⵽Ĳܼ󣬰ģˣһһء
ˣȷʧصսʿֻħԨ¿Ӱ졣
¿ˣʯݺ˳ɶᡣ
ᣬħ
ľ߱³أλħ
ϣ״ģǰգãȻ޴롣
Ȼǲ֪飬ûյκڵϢ
𣿸׿ˣ
ر»Ѫ̳һĿɬΣŲϿԨġʯ
⻰һǵ죬ܶھޣһ



ھŰٰʮ ħ
׿ˣ
Ѫħ峤ħ׿ˣ
ħȺǰʵΪڶĴħ
ȥأںǺڶУĿֲڣ
ͷħϣħ״ģԪħİգڶħ˵׿ʱҲ룬׷״䡣
ϰǻħȻֻ׿֣ء
СħħܱսЩսʿʹѾšʯڵء
ϣպ״ģλħ񣬰պ״̬ϥŵء
ͷħ֮󣬾Ÿͷ
ʯδݣغ׿˵ʱλħڶħƺ϶ǰġʯǴħ׿ˣ
٣ҲǸ׿˵һ֣
ΪǰЩ쳡ʧصĵ͵ȼսʿһͷı˪лɫ޻ķȻת䡭
֮ǡǸ׿óһ硣
ֻͨħԨǺӶĿˣ֪ʯݱѪʧΪԼá
˴ħ׿ˣ˭д˵аֶΣ
׿ˡ
Ҧ죬һλλھޣ׽֣Ҳǿɬ
Ѫħ峤ټħȺս͵λǽڵ峤Ĵڡ
Ľ٣ڳ⣬ڲһνǿߣ޹⡣
׿˸£ȷ峤֮£
Ԫħİգŵϥŵصƣǻǫ½̬ȣ˵ǡ
ϣ״ģҲ̳
Ǳ˼ܼ򵥣Ƿħ峤أΪǶȺĸ
ʯĴħ׿ˣڱصʱԨʮ֮ң
˶ͣ
ͷλħ£ħ֮󣬺ԨͷأЦδ䣬˵Ǳʧ
տɫֳޱȸӵУĬ룬ұѺڴ˶꣬ľȷһЩ仯
ҪôԶĽҪôڴˣȺ׿ҡͷʧʧ˵㲻Υµԡģͳ޾ȺƺƵɱƬء
ҡ
ſԣȴҲĻ
͸׿ͬʱħţѪħĸ׿ˣħǱյãͱΪ϶Ĵħ
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ھŰٰʮ 
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ֳն̨Ԩ񣬺ꡢָ
Ǻǿʱ֮ն̨˸ըأǿն̨
ն̨ռ䣬ɽʱ֮ʬڶ౻նϵľдϢѪ
Ǹأγĳϫʯն̨Ӧ
ҲʹãԨӹĿռ䣬ƾնһС磬ڶೣ˲֪̽ɴƵĲڡ
ԴˣƸ׿˵׷
һߣδûɱ꣬غһ飬˪ն̨ӡ
ǻ۵꣬ǿն̨Ÿ׿˵Ѫۻࡣ
ڷѪ֮춯Ҳ꣬ն̨бѹ
ͬʱ꣬˵꣬ԦŽʣͶϵ
ͬǣ˾ְʹͬתͬӦ׿ˡ
ȤСһ
Ĵħ׿ˣִĿռʱһЦ
ĸ׿ˣǳһƤѪ⾡ʧ
ͨӵԨ;һλŮʱλ׶һλͽսɱڶѪۣŰѪŮӣͻԷ⡣

һ糺콣âŽµĽȻɳ
Ԩң
㣡
櫣Ѫ¶Ȼɫ
ǲףݵʱԨΪλϾȥϮһˣҪȥˡ
һߵ糺콣âλŮӴ͸
Ѫ䶯ţɡѪ֮ûнѪȫתƵĸ׿ˣâϡá
Ҳܱо
׿˵ĹѪģ⴫
׿ˣ
Ǹ׿ˣ
櫺¶ʱ֪ʲô
Ȼ󣬰йעǿߣĴޣԨǰӵ;УĴѪսʿڡڣ۵ĵӣضʱɸ׿ˣ
ħ׿ˣƾѪ֮ӣ˲佫Լڿϡ
ǿһ׿ˣն𣬻򱾾ϣҪôʩչѪǿһصͨ򽫴츳طת£磬䷳ؽɱԨ
ÿΣвͬĻпܵӵ˼¡
Խ
Ԩֱַն̨̤ʣͷɷħͬٳһնأĨɱ糺콣âŤתʱգƾڶںϵأⶳᡭ
ǳȫ
Ⱳյģдն̨ȡļ䣬ڶطܶõȫˣȥӦŲϳֵ¸׿ˡ
꣡
ĺ󱳣һͷ˼İܣԶѵצҵĹͷѿ
צըѪɽʱһ뱻ʱ䣬;Ϣȫޡ
һλŮ׿˶ᣬһͷ߰ĳ衣
ϸ˿ߣŮط£͸ʶСأһ֦Ҷïʢɫ
ϸ֦ɣ͵طͻ̣Ҫʶ
ʱͷڴ󶦣һӳ䣬ԴУɷħŮƽ⡣
ɫһʧһλڵޣĽ𣬻ӳһǺ·־֮Դͷڣǧ˻Х潣
δλڵھޣ
ģȴδչ֣һչ־Ľĵ׿˶֮󣬵һʱʩչ
Ԩòǿն̨ͬռڣŵһ
ȻԹ䣬ؽ
ɷħİ£Žѹ
ڣڣԪڣͬľӣһӹһǰͺ̵أԨɱ
ͻ֮ϵ֪ʱжˡ
֣޷á컯󡱵
ԶǰʱܾòԶ·;ƺԶҲ˾ͷ
ͨڣи׿˵һ
νӨķ̨ץסǣɫ΢΢һ䣬æ᳤֪
᳤Ҳһ֪ˣȺεĴѶħ׿˶ڶУԤ׼
İӣͷͨǱ׿˵Ӱš
ϣ
ѳšڡĲܼͷŵӴεǷͷһͼһϤĿߣұڵһǰ
λãͨռߡ
粻Σֻһλ񾳴ޣؽȦ
һˣڱ̷ɽڱҢƵҩء
¶ʱòܼ⣬ϣôˣ˵Σգ㲻Ӧڴˣ
ͨռΪߣ˵Ҳǲɶõġ
һ̣ܼͷһλеĺ⣬׹֪λϸǺصս
žͨռӴһ£ֻܹħԨӵͨ
㱻ħ׿ˣ֪ۻƿأ˸׿˵Ŀܣ׿˶ԴʩӲӰ졣
ҲԨĵ;ƽա



ھŰٰʮ ɲ㣡

ɿռ䴫ľӨķ̨üͷһ壬һ
᳤ڿռ䣬类и֮ȫ˳
һ
᳤ڿռ䣬ûб׿Ӱ£ֱͨϷ֡
ӻԨ᳤ü
Ѿˡε
ȻѱʴǾ׵㡣
Σ᳤һĻƽķ֣ǧɫ磬ŷĺλڹǿ߶ȥ
зһӣкλߣĿռ䱻
ǧɫû
ѱ׿˵ѪۣʧȥңûǵĺڲȻĽɫ⺣󣬱̲ؽΪ΢СѪ۳·ͨ
һԨ֮ľ룬ڻָ
ݣ
󣬻ԡѪԨ͵ִİӡ
յӴнյǿն̨ͷųĹԣԳӣǻۡءӵֳ֡
ֺɫ̫ٿһ䣬İԨ
ۼĸ֣ڼǼĸ
Ϊʱ֮ǿն̨ʱ֮Կռʱʶ
ʱ֮Էɹ
ΪˣԨǿնִ̨ʱ֣չֳ졣
ȻԨǻ۱Ӻ£һƬƽء
һ޴ģ͸ģӳճһʱյĲ
͸ĲƺνģֻħԨͨ
ǰֻܸ֪ռ䶯ֻܿ쳣ҫ޿ֱ۵أ粣ͨ
ն̨
ʶΪֳն̨Ϊն̨ڣԡȡˣλնߵĲдһι͸ֵķͨ
һǣָȶٴνдͨ
Ϊͨʱ򣬾ͷʮģ񼶱ʱ֮䰵ʱе֮Ӳ俪ġ
ʱ֮ٳǰֻħԨͨ
ͷʱ֮ʬеն̨ںϵնߵܼԦն̨
ȻǱڱΣѹͨ
ǡ
һ׸񣬶ʯݣʮ֮İͣ
Σ׿˾Ȼûż֡
źʾ룬Ԩ֮䣬ŵĲ㲻ɼڣ¶ζЦݣ뿪أ
ԨعͷϷһۡ
Ѫħ峤ħ׿˵ֶΣʶˡ
׿رâع־֮أޫhشӣѻżĻɫ޻ˣ˪شѪ̵ĽģĽͷ׷ױѹơ
ڶ˼սʿȫĿܣл
Ѫ˲ѱ䣬غ֮ϵϢնϡ
ǿߣħˣ
ȰԹԽ
һλǺ֮⣬ܱȼԪޣ۷Ĵڣ½չֳ壬Ԩģĥӡǡ
ʱڣĲˡ
Ԩ֣ʾǿߵ𾴣·ۿɼͨ
ǿɲ㡣
ħ׿ˣʮ֮⣬ЦЦؿ˵

ǿʱ֮ն̨Ԩ粣ͨеǿҰʯͷǡꡱиſռ䡣
ڤڤУͨڣӦһЩķ϶ڡ
Щ϶ڣͨĽγɣָֻħԨǸΣǷǷߣ֪֮̽ء
۾һ֪ĿĵأЩ϶ڡ
ֻħԨ
УҫϣĹâźصĸӾƣں᳤Ľ顣
ȱһܷͷں᳤иǿߣµĬٻع鲻١
ͻȻ䣬ǻġ̳ԴδйƵ
źͨĽӽһǿҵģĿֲУอڣÿһѪӿ֣

ԺƺҪѵҪٽͨʱʱͣס
أ粣ͨ
͸Ĳ棬ϢأȾѪɫ
ʺģ˹趼þֵѪ
ͨ棬·һƬѪɫӿӰѪ쳣
Ԩ̳ĸ徫ѪڵѪ⾫׷ױѣƺԨ뵽ͨµѪ
ԨϲţѵأѪ춯
类ѪɫͿĨģӰ͸ʺ֮ͨϣƾնһѪɫۣŨܵģ°ڱεĺӡ
ֵ׳꣬ͨӣԵüΪͦΰ
ɫͫȻЦ⣬̧ͷԨӡ
׿ˣ
ԨȻһ𣬿ڣѪһذθӡ
̳ѪСأһεѪڿѨڵģһƵѪ⾫ţشߴȥ
Ѫ񵺣Ѫصջ󣬲֪˼ٱ
·ͨѱ׿Ѫ͸ͨµƬѪƺǸ׿˵ġ̳
ĸ׿ˣ



ھŰٰʮ ͷ
ħ׿ˣ
֮ͨϵΰӣǸ׿˵ı
ڽضʯһѪֻģǸ׿˵һ֡
һѣ
ţͨ·ƬѪɫĶҪκ֤ԨȷĺˣǸ׿˱ˣ
䣡䣡
ӽǿӶģ᳤ΣڵĲܼ󣬲ݣǿߣڸ׿˵ı¶һѪɽ籡
ЩǿߣԷѪʧأ·ӽǿӶ䵽·ͨ
𺳵ǣ룬ϽԶǿӶ
Ҳڴ˿̣һأϷոԨɭأһ᳤Ρ
ʼɣ᳤Σͬ׿˿ӺԼ
κ᳤ϴߴǿն̨ͨء裬Ρ᳤ǰ㣬һͷ£ǾͶ
Ǿǣֱײ׿˵̳ħ׿ɵڣ
ԨοЦ
᳤һû͵ıҪ
أңҲðȻأȫ̤㡣
ʮ⣬ʯòεĸ׿˷ȻһЦ˵ͨһЩԪͻȻִҲܵһʱˡ˵ʵʹ˷صЩһ꣬ûٳԿ
޷Ԥ⣬ͨȶǲֵĲãǲһ塣
ͺñȶǰǱнʧȥһħ㡣
׿Цһ
ֵֻǵĻֻһϱұ帳Ҳڴ˽أɺܶ顣
ҪһΧڣԴԴϵؽܱѪܹע
ʼղͨ۲档
òԪǿߣȻ֣ͻͨڣ˲عֻħԨ
Ӷ⣬صλԪΧ
ֻǣһ
׿͸¶Ϣڳһڱǿߣɫ쳣ѿ
Ǳͨһýصľ棬ȫƿأ
ħ֣ͬΪĸĬڣħδ
׿ˣһ߷Ūڹ֮䣿
ֱԨҪУԹ԰Լʱ׿ҲȻ
λħģѪħ峤ڳ˺ʹеѹֺͳء
ˡ
ʺѪġ桱ϵĸ׿˱壬̧ͷԨ¶Цݣڵ̳ҴеҪĿꡣǲģΪ
ͻȻ֡
Ԩ֮Ŀռ䣬һصġߡԨֵط֣Ѥš
·ռ䱻ƲѪ֮š
׿˳һˣһڵĿռͲܿƵأֱӳŸ׿ˣµƬѪɫȥ
ҲǺܿƵġ
λ´ټ
Ӷĸ׿һؿڣԾǫѷ˵ҸеҲĿ⣬ѸͶ
ϣҲԻؼˡ
׿˵ôһ仰ӰȻ
һ̣ıʲô͵عһ£ָֻԭ״
ؼҡ
ͷħϣڿնħﴫѶħ
գ״λħҲʱ򣬴ӵϥŵص̬
³櫵죬ŤͷЩˣ֪侹»ָǡ
׿Ⱦǵƺջأûٶȡǵ
ҲѹƲǡ
ħ񣬸׿ˣ
ƿն̨ӽʺɷħԨꡢֶξֻסڵѪ֮춯
׿ǣţ·ƬռʱΪ
ǿ飬ʱ֮ն̨ȻҲ޷ıʲô
ľУʱģԨԼһؽӽ׿ˣƼԼΪһ䶯Ѫ⣬ƬͨѪɫʴڻıˡ
ǺӣĴڣڵ
û̫࡭
꣡
ͻȻ䣬׿˶ʺ조桱
һֳҵ̫ҫĿԲ£ӱͨġ桱֡
׿͸еѪܣգۼ䣬ЩͻȻð̫Բ¸ϴһֵ̫ڶԲ֮УֳһͷͷԨǽ򣬾һƳ޳

̫ԲУֳģȻǿվ
һ͵紩ԽʱգңԶԶĿռ䣬ֱӴ
׿ˣͳҲ

Ѫ͸ͨ͵ըľâƬγɿӿʱܣ·ƬѪɫȻ³
òĸ׿ˣɫؿ档
㾹ȻֻħԨ
ϮֻħԨ֮װ룬ʵһڶŤͨ
ΪͨըˣҲӰ첻˱塣
ǸһֱŤҵͨǰУȵٽ½ʱСǱţһ߹۲ţһߵȺźʵ
ͨʱֻħԨսû
˹ȥ
ӽֻħԨعǷԻѾǺٺ顣
֪һͨ㣬Ҳ֪ﵽֻħԨ
ͨĽȶѪ磬ᵽԨһǿġ̳ʱıѪħľñֱӽ١
ȥͼıԨڵ̳



ھŰٰʮ ޴˵
̫Բ£ų۾ʹĹԣڳ֡
ħ׿ˣʩͨеѪܣ̳ܱɵѪɫ顣
׿˰ɫЩɫ
ǿվ
һͷǺӣĹϴڣ
ѪħصУͷбǿվޣϸء
ǿ󣬽թڣбսǺӾĸԴ
һͷڸ׿Ժ
ԭСڵġ̳ͣ
ѹ֣֮ȴһģ֮Ƶġ̳
׿꺣š
˽Ĳ̫࣬κһͷǿվޣźʮ൱
̩̹Ԩᣬ
һ˿ڵǺ֮иߵǻţЩϵǺޣκǿ壬Ļη塣
˵ǿվ޵ʱԶȥ
䣡䣡
ͨһˣֻħԨλãлصľѪ񳱣ע˽ȥƺ͸
׿һͻȻԥ
ȷɺطǺ֮󣬾ָ˶
ͳ֪꣬˶ҪǴ۷״̬Ǹ׿ˣѪħ峤Ҳֲˡ
濪һѪսͨڡ
뵽ɵĺ뵽׿ԥ

ͬһʱ̣ԨϤ˻Ҳ𾪵Ĳ֪롣
ͻȻڻɣ̳ĲһѪķǴħ׿ģΪͨһ˵
ֻƺҪը˵ָ֮˴롣
ңͳ
ţԨʶأ˿ǻأ𶯵̳Լ׽ʲô

᳤Σвܼ󡢽ǿߣеͨڣҲص
ѾӿŸ׿ˣعħ³櫵ˣػ
ֻħԨǿվ
ͷԲбɱòǺӴݲ
صޡǿվ޵ͷӵĲͶӣ
ϣ³櫰ڸ߲㣬ЩԶĵ伮֪һЩǿվ޵Ļ
ǿվǺӣ͵壬ںذݵݼΪƣ
ϵǺӾǿվȺǵ֮İ
ʳǳǺеĸ죬Դɳ׳
ڵģиߵǻ壬ǰǵӰ¡
ǲܲˣΪǱ˴˵ɱ໥ʳһǺʧ֪ǿȺ
ϰ㣬ǿߵǻȺǻ۷ǣǱ˴
ͨʳǵѪ⣬ǵӶͳ
壬壬壬ħŮ塭
ڵʱȫµĸߵǻȺڹϵͨǿվ޵𣬷һԼĻԻ͡
գǿվ޺ͺص㣬̳
Ҵǿվޣ죬伣ǱȥңԶģδ֪̽ء
ǿվҲǵĻԻʱѾĻˡ
ִģǼͷ˽֪ǿվޣȻǿڣһ׳ΪɱĶ
Ҳܳɾ塢壬ЩȺʮǿߣΪ߼塣

Żصܣͨڼţӿš
꣡
ͨڣвͬصγɡ
ٵĴħ׿ˣͨĻңڱɫŭټȥ
״λˡ
һͨը٣ܼʱعֻħԨںء
˷Ԫַڣһһع飬һ׽Ҫˡ
ţڵЩһϵӵϼһڿߵ۷ڣȻ
ߣ
ߣ
Ҳڴ˿̣۹еĽ꣬ɷħеͬʱѶ
ͶǣȫʱԨӦüںݣǳû룬᳤˵ǰ㣬ݱ˷ء
һīɫͨ
īɫܺȻǻɣΪ컯󡱵ۣīɫͨʱǸӵģڵġۡ֡
ۡ⣬·еͨΪָһط϶
īɫһš
һӨĹ⣬īɫ֮ҲƮȻ¡
ͬǡ֣ۡ⣬ΪӨĹ⣬ָһ·
а񣡡
ԨУīɫǻأӨĹ⣬ɽа
֪Ǳٻǽ֮䣬еĺ֡
Ⱥͨڸ׿˵Ƥӵ뿪
ߣߣ
ڴߴ١
ȶѺ࣬ŵͨڣħ׿˫ɺأԨš
ʱԨָ׿Ѿû취ѪܣγԼ
ֻҪ㵨뿪ݣһҵ㣡
׿˸ܵԪǿߵϢܽ٣ǧѪɫӰͨ
ԨĵȺţѪɫӰʧȸ׿ϢһС
֣ۡء֣ˡ֣ųԡ
Ԩ͸Ӻڿռ䣬ʱһŤֱ߬סӣһ˽ȥ



ھŰٰʮ 
͡ˣ
Ϸգ谵£ƽ᳤㶵ͨԺеĻ棬ԨȻӰ
ۿһѵͨڣӿֳһ쳣
һԨ㱻˽ȥ
ԨʧһʵĻۡءӺ֣ͻȻȥй⻪
ѸûӰ
еͨӿĿռܣ᳤ΣӽӽߣĶǡ
γصͨܿͻ᳹򡣡

·ڻӦϣΪ׵λħͳŲдħҲʱͨʲôգȸС
һЩħħ̤ͨɲǣ˺ķѡ
ħħͬռ϶ţʧڱء
ʹħ׿˵ĵͺͨʱ
ͷ֮ǺӴľޣ·ֻħԨһأѪħ峤Ӵ
λߵȼĴڣֻǳֹս춯

һħӵͨʱѰĿռ˲ħ
ӵһƬ磬Ťܣͨ
ˡ
ۿŰ櫣ı³Ҳ˴սҡҡͷԷֹˡǰֻħԨͨʱաκѡʱ룬ӭӵֻһ·

һâǻ
ı³йâһܵһ˿ʹ⣬Խ̾Ϣһ
аһƻͷ뿴ûпܣӻͨڣҳһִֻܵħԨ·
ĻͷƬ˲䣬ͱҵʱ顣
ģԴ·عǺˡ
³ջӵĿ⣬櫣ûüع죬޷·ѻ·һ˲ࡣ
׿ȥ󲿷ħû룬ô죿
ûͨڽеĴʧЧ󣬺Ǻӣؽн׵ǣﻹлع·
ħ׿ˡ

Ԩ
УڽصĸǿߣȫͣסսɢӸͣϡ
ɫӵĿ⣬ʱеƬ磬ֿԱߵˡ
أҲͨӷ϶ʧ
ڻƽ᳤򦣬ͫУкܶϸܵĽɫ罻֯γɳǻ۵Ļơ
գͻۣ
ٺɫ꣬͸ǦɫƲ㣬˺񷣬͵ڸ߿ճ֣ҫĺغܶƻͨ
δҹƬٺɫ꣬Ȼ˵ۡ
ߣȻѹ֣һɲ֪ɽ㣬ǵĻǺ飬Ǻܡ
豣Ī״֮ߣأҡ
ȻλԪڵھޣȻȵؽ
ħǱߣҲھ¹ƺһһ͵Ļ̶̶ˮС顱ðݡ
豣Ī״¹״˾治ѡ
꣬ǡ
Ľ̬̤֮գų⣬ۼ꣬Ȼɫȵҵ죡
ȸҦ졢ģھޣĶ
ǣЩھǿߣżĴʩط׷ϸ¹۲Ƭٺɫꡣ
ǣһ˸ٺɫĳì
ܼĳìҷѤõĻ棬ƿ˺رԪĽڣǺӹ
ڶٺɫìҵʶ˱
Щھޣżٺɫ꣬Ļ泤ì۶ɣųìıͰˡ
ҵ죡
ǰ㣬Ҧ죬ĺ͹ǿߣҲڷͬľ
ϳˣٺɫ泤ìγɵ꣬Ԫڵ֮ì
֮ìƷԪڵ֮һ
ڴ˵У֮ìǰԪںǺӣۼνġ𡱣ɼǺɡ
ġ֮ìǧĳС
ģһɽɽǰʦܣĪ״޵·ˣҲֽԪʸϵλ
Ҫǣ˵Ԫڣ֮λڶλԪޣ
˿̣֮ìűͰˣΪ˵ģûһͬ
Ԫ䣬ߣӦԽӽߣӦԽ󡭡
ۿ豣Ī״гħڵ¹ʧصؼ࣬ȥֳ˽һЩĻߣ᲻֪ʲô
ִơ֮ìģԪʸϵģλԪޣѲ֪ιʵ
¡֮ìڵ꣬عԴͷԪڡ
һλԪأһĸ΢ı仯ܶ˶쳣
Ԫ֮
⣬ڲĶ֪˶ٱ
ȻԤУڵĻع飬ο»ɻû뵽ô졣
۷Ԫ񣬾ȻҲɢصĶֻǸոտʼ

ЩǿߣͷӰҲû˭Ϊ׿˵뿪ûоһЩľżսʿӮ½صʤ



ھŰپʮ 氲
֮ìϼ졣
ٺɫϼһƬƬ谵ɫûҹĻ٣ȥļ
һλ߼Ԫɣػ䣬ǿ߻Ӧ
ĵ֮ìĻع飬úĴޣһλλΪ֮𶯡
⣬ʲô
ڣɱģԪ
ɽۣĹȣ˼۹ݵλߣͬһʱ䣬ͬĵطҹĻеѤϼ
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ţ仯Ԫһ豱ȭͽڵ˸к˵ƣշգӿݵЩˣûͨɹ飬Ӧԡ

һɽն𣬷λ
ͼԪڵ˳ϣͷɽ
дˣ֪ʲôԺɽϣ
ԪޣһǿݵĹؼܷУͿǷԪ޴ڡ
⣬Ĵɷֱϯߡ
ԪڵһλԪߣǿա
ǧԪڴδش
ţ
Ľһ˫ɫȻųԡ
Ҧ죬аĵھޣ񼶱ߣ³櫵ǿߣҲӦ
һ̣ǵʶ˱˰пӵĸо
ƺˣͨʲôʲôǧ⣬ĿͶǵһһ
챦
壬氲
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ˣˣ
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ͫУ˳ҿ
ն̨ƿǿնֻ̨Ҫն̨·ƿңˣת
ÿһνɫѪڷڡ
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һںر棬Ӵ˳Ϊʷ
壬ٴӭڷɣ
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ħ׿һߣûκѪ֮ƺ⣬ָͨ
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氲֮Ժһ֮ѡ⣬ͳȪ֣ӦһħΪڵĳŵ
ŵǣΪ氲ıȡһϯ֮λ
氲һ죬˲֪꣡
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µϯλһȱѡ߽ס
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Щȥֹѻ氲ߣڲ֡
û˭ûʲôܵס氲ķ
ˣ͸֪氲Ŀӣλϵھޣϵ壬ĳضģʽ̤ʽķ֮·
·Ϊչ˳
ȻЩͣ˴룬ں᳤ıʧˡɼȻĶˣúʧȥһλԪǡ
Żڵֿͣ죬ֻЦ
氲Ҫˣ
۾΢΢ţ͵ôˡ
ԹĿ⣬᳤ǻƽ
ûֲ㡣᳤Цĺܿģأع飬ܸͬܡϾҲݿԪ컷羰ǿˣ̫Ϳѡ
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ڲֻлĬˣƶǵĹ
ɽֻһԲԺ߽а塣
ڣһģɾһλ氲ϻټϼпվǱߵģ־֮¹׹ǡ
ڣλ֧֣⣬ںڲһս֮



ھŰپʮһ ǣһȫ
ɽ
ڵġ֮ԶǱʧؼɽɽסľ󣬴Ӱ߳
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Ԫڵľ͵λλԪ
Ԫһ֮֮ϡ
һ㶼Ĳ
ΪĵףԪû׼ú֣ûǰţûжĵ񡭡
Ϊˣʸĳһ̣ȥʶϯλߣ֪Ļ
ĴɣûԪս
һԪǰǺĳն֮أ֪ʱڲаš
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Ī⣬ݴ磬һһľ󣬾С
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氲ַ񣡡
ԶȻʧɫ
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ڵɽۣƱã漣˶չ֡
УԶŵޣӹȥʱ̤Ǹףǰʩĵ
Ͷ䣬·дӦ类
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Գ󣬾˵ڹ
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һӰεһߺȣĴڣޱȵؽռ䴫η塣
һǵĻҲʽ̤ⳡս



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ھŰپʮ ʮϯλ
ﵽһ߶ߣʸ֪˷ġ
ݴϯλ˿ڣʹ˷صǿͶĿ٣ء
˷Լת򡭡
ݴ˿ǿ߹ģﵽһĳ̶ȣܴµϯλ
ȻںݵڲǿҪӿ֣Ҫ֮
Ψжܸشٽǿߡ
Դ½ͼ½ţʱ֮սΧؾɱһֱĬɰƶ
ֻĻξھӿֳ
Ǻӵ̽٣ݴ棬Ҳܲµϯλͷ·ǺظĶ͡
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ħڵλٵһϯλܽΪԪ񣬾Ϊʮϯֶ߱һϯ
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ڣ˼ͬǳԺݵڵİ£ƺҪǺӣԳµϯλ
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һʱ䣬ڳڶǿߣ׷ⷬ˼

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һԣǻأҪлȻ͵ǿսڣ߽оڣǺк
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ֻǣⷽصǿսڱ˺ӣû΢ܻȥ
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ھŰپʮ 
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Ǹв̶ͬȵ˴ѪԲ㣬𻵲󣬷ǻʧ࣬쳣ƣۡ
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Ҫô֮ҪôǴﵽ˼ʯĴ
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ٿһ뱾壬в򣬷·ʱϨ
˺ѻǵʹУʮܵιǵ磬񼫶Ȳʡ
񲻽ʹǱһɹа͸Ҫʧңòбǡ
һԨϽطʶСء
λб̣Լĵ̣áʱܶԿѹƣЩĻܣ
һ뿪ʶСأ޸Ƽû˸ĿݻҶӣΪƵһ
ǺҪأѪ⣡
õѵͨɫĻѿڣİ򣬡ǺӲҪ׽ͷšУʧȥǿսڵأΪۻ͸ҲҪСġ
ٺţȥ
һӺ
Ҹո
ڸӦڴ󶦵תţħӿǱһֻֻ۾۲ܱߣǺأˣǺδ
֪Ԩҡͷ
תʱȻ˺ܶҰƺ֮ͨϵһشħƣ˸Զĳ
ȥ̽һ¡
֪ͷߣԶƮȥ
Сһ㣬ûʵɷħͷųȥط֣ûʵѪ壬ᱻĻۻࡣϽѡ
˷ģҲǵһ̤ǺӣҲдļ䣬ࡣŵ㻶ζû뵽Ȼ˳أͨ˳û뵽ô죬ٴνǿա
ݴ磬֮ƺƽ˼ԡ
ľģģһ
˵㣬ǻϢ
Ŵ󶦵ķţһĻĻ棬ԨԺ֣֪һ޴ȡ
⣬ϡŹֵģ·Ǳľ޴ֲ
ЩֲȻǣоݰ֦ҶʳܵĲб
󶦷ŵʱЩֲһӽͻᱻݰ֦Ҷɱ

Щ֦ҶɷħʱںڵĹâط
ֵĵط
Ԩֹһ䣬ͨһĻ棬Ƽ˸ǻĴ䡣



ھŰپʮ ̽δ֪
ڵɽȣʮ⣬һС䡣
ᣬһ޴ʯͷɣ¥Ǽ״ͺصĽ
״ʯ¥ӡ಻֪ţʶ֣Ԩʶκһ֡
û󡣡ĻԺ𣬡Щʯ¥ҲûѵļС
̽졣Ԩָʾ
ڴԶλ÷š
أɽ壬кӹȺɭ֣ͨɷħӳ뵽ԨԺƵļͽҲʱһЩ
رࡣ
˷أ·ǱĳǻˣûиߵߣޣȻѰ
вٵıֲۻ࣬ĺïʢ
ԨżԶУɽڣһ߽裬һڶܵĻӣϴ֮ѪͥѨϣʶһٵѨϡ
ûֻûкڰֻİա
Ҳ˶޷֪׼ȷʱš
֪˶ãɷħƺεһȦ»صƬȣϸһ飬ǰй٣û鼣󡣴˷رԵбݻٵĳǰۼӦ÷ںܶǰˡ
ƮӰӴڻ֡
ʵʻ̬ʧȥ󶦵ħܱʮϸ͸·ڳһ硣
üͷ΢壬ʹӦ
ûԨȺ̫ãǳǳһЦ˵С
ӦԨԾ档
ҲѪ̬ЦŵͷлˣҾӿ˲γһµ塣ҵ壬Ǵãһ̺⣬ڽʱеīɫܣҲˡ
ءԨ૵
Ӧñٻ뿪ˣ˲ؽ黳ӵն̨㣬սؾۡߣؿ飬ԨⶪڵϵʯͷֿȴʱѵλιС
ˣûз֣˵صĿռ϶֮ǰܼһ㣿
ܼԨһ㶡
ȣÿһӣһռѷ˺άϵ룬ֻͻȻ£ʧ
ţҲǴһռѷڣ͸
ӣûж뱳Ŀռѷ죬Ҳû۲졣
ôһ˵ת򱳺ȣֹȻĳһ̣ƾճλεĿռ϶
Щռ϶绮ͣȻʧ
ȷǣܼһЩ
ϸ۲Ժ϶ĸġ
Ҫ֪ǺδҪ뿪ҪͨЩռ϶ţкܶӵİգͨڷ϶ֱȥǺӡţİǿգҲӦɡ
һ£ٴ˵滹̫Σա
Ҳƿն̨Ԩͷǿʱ֮ĻҰʯͷüͷȻûںۼǻǰȫðȻһռ϶֪ᱻδ
ҾãЩռ϶ȶУҫĹâҪʱ䡣
ؿǿʱ֮ն̨гļ䣬һ㡣
ɵƴȥʱӴʹļԡ
Сʹ⣬æͷǱ͵ǿն̨Ӧйأ
Ŀ飿
ʱ֮ǿ飡
Ԩ۾΢΢һ
΢̧һҫӿ֣ڵϵǿն̨Ķơ
һƻ룬ֿȥʱ֮бһЩżʬ
ԸӦ
Ƭ̺üͷûʲô֮
һǿű˪ն̨ҲУһ̽졣
֣½ʱܶն̨Ŵħ׿вʱұܵ꣬Ԧն̨ܵʬвдȻһ첻
ף
һһն̨΢γɡ
ն̨·һһǴ໥ӿ
ںʱԨһûоǰն̨ţһ֣ǻ·ֿ
ڡ

棬ͬʱнռѷ죬͵˺Ѷ
ԨڵȻңҷΪɣ뵽ն̨
žડ
ն̨أѿڴ£
ѷ촦Һϼԣĳճϼڰն̨غ϶Ϊһ
ѹն̨һ飬ڵ𣬱Ϊ顣
κն̨ܺ£һ𣬶ܳΪһ顣
ǣԴ֮ն̨Ҳδܺ£
Ҵˣն̨ƺӰռѷɣΪն̨ʱ򣬾ͬһʣе
꣡
һԽԽĿռ϶ڲʣмŤӰֽţȻ͵˦˳
ն̨Ԩһ
Ȼ㶵أƾճֵģһİ͡



ھŰپʮ ս
һ壬һѵĿռ϶˦˳
Ϊ׵꣬θߴһƬƬȻۼףݡ
ݣͰ̬ƵŮӣмĶ䣬ò
ͰС٪壬ɫƤž壬۾Ǻܴһֱض
壬ҹ壬ѨˡһҲģŮӣԵĿռ䶯ǰûֻеȡ
ԨԺʱ
壬Ůֱ壬ҹ壬ȣ͵Ѩ塣
ԨǵʱŮҲãȻؿ
κ
ˣ壡
Ĺأ۾ֿڱŤĺԣͻȻ
ˣ壡
ĸŮصļУŵĻɢ
ӵһǣң㣬ײײؼæվ߾ٷìǶűʯȣڶŵأٴеأԨ
òݵĲͬŮӣ΢΢
ǿԨı飬翴źˮޣӵѪħ֡
֮һ壬ߴߴأʼԲͬԽţˡ
˵Ųͬԣ˴ȴɫҵط·ӻؿռ϶
ǣֽŪĿռѷʧ¶ı顣
㣬
ɫ鷢ͽСҹŮӣȣѪİɫȹۣͷų͵ģܻԹ⡣
ǷȣҪγԲһ̾Ҫͷš
߰ͷθݵȣΪ޳һָ棬Ĵָ֣޽ܴڿռܵӡǡ
ӡδγɣĿռ䣬͵𷴳
ĸߴӣվǰƬҫĽâƺʱܷɳȥҲֵܵ󲿷ֵĹ
СĵѨӣͻȻڵأŵŵأҪܳļơ
ҡ
ԨտڣνСҹŮӣۡһȻؿ˳
һ߿ޣһۣ߱߬ķȣԿŵΣ͵ҫ
սȻĪش졣
ݣݣ
ʮ״ĹУڷһӾͽԨû
ͬʱȵŮӣӡҲɹ޽ᡣ
ԨĿռ䣬·˹̬͵ض
һµԨڸ֪ϣԼ·˱סĻʯ
Ѩˣ͵һŵأԨΪǻʸȴط֣һŵأԼȴصס
صУѨ˵һѪ֪С
ܿѨˣڵصѸǱУգ۾͵¡
Ψˣûż֣ͻסҹȣƺ֪ǲܱӴ
ëɣ
ЩԨиһ䣬׼ѨˣǱ䵽£ʹʱһ
ѪΪƲعĺȻء
صƺߣԨ´ص͵ϮѨսʿƺ䵽ʮ׵ĵص׸
״ĹУҪϮʱĬˡɷħ
ΪģȻγɵġųڶ⣬˲˿ռķԻ硣
Ӷ۰򣬴Ӭ㣬Щ¹Уѵѵش
վɷħ֮УһصۿλŮԨΧŹЦ⡣
ƺǰĳΪȤ
Уǿֻ߽꣬׵ѪʣµĸѪֻּսҲܸԨ
󣡸£
һĹأæС
ңͬͣټ
Ԩԭδüͷ΢΢һ壬һֹͱҲ
ᣡ
͵תžδŮӣһߴٵͷһ£ڵͬ飬ţҪǳ
ӵصѨˣͷɥԨĿ⣬η塣
ŮԲͬԣһ󡭡
ܿ죬ǾʵȨȣȡ˵޽ӡǣϵۼףҲҫ⡣
·һ㣬һﶼԴ˴׸ľ
壬ÿһݴ壬񰡣
ʲôսǾûۼҲڵĳ˵
׼壬ΪʲôʺĹط
ǴʲôطԨ
⻰һŮ
һӣǸȵŮӣӲͷƤ˵ǣ̽һλ˾ĹĹʯϣӡŵһռšȻֱӱ˽ȥȻ͵
ʱ˿ܣʲôطǸ̫
λ˾ĹʲôطԨʡ
һƫԶؽ磬λ˾ĹҲͻˡ⣬кȻŨŨĳޣ˾ĹǺصǿ߻һںɵĶ飬ɱǿߡ
ôһ˵壬еѨ壬λҹŮӣ·𶼱£Ԩı飬Ҳͬ˿̹ǵĳޡ
ԨͷĵǺӣԺص壬
ġ
˻Ӧò񾳣ȥǺĥµǿߣͬĴΪ˻۹ѫɱħɱǿΪ٣ĺܶ飬⼸λ˵
һԨȻĬˡ



ھŰپʮ 
ڲΪ׵ɣһֱɱ⡣
ңԶʢûӭʱħǿߣ뵽ݵء
ڲ壬縺ǿ̽ǺӵΡ
ʱһͷͷƺƵӿǺӣɱӣض顣
ͬҲоħʹѪǿա
ǸҵʱҲи߽ħǿߣǿվޣͻǿսڣ뵽ء
棬屻̳ƶްԵɡ
ˣǺվȽŸΪӪϵ룬Ӯһսʤ
ʱ𣬺ص˺ͳǺһǿ
Ҳʱʼħǿߣ̤ݣż©֮㽵٣³Ҳذ㡣
Ľ׷ɱ£֮ء
ʱݴ磬ͱǺӵĽǱʹһУ³ҡ
һݵңѸ˥䡣
Ϊ׵ϷϯλһλλµԪ񣬴Ӷȡڵĵλ
ִƺʱܣս
ϯλҲ˶ϯ
ʱΪ׵ʼأǺӡ
ڶ񾳣ھǿߣ⵱Գħǿߵ
磬أԺݵʹϣʾһѪս
ѪսҪôսܣһЩʬƮȻȥ
ҲʹϻʤһͿ̿ǿ߱¾һϡıӶһա
ڲԼļ磬صʹս᲻᲻ʹѡ
սʤڶĵرߺһѸ˥䡣
ʧ⣬̫ʣ˺ѡ
ǣһš
һĻĻ棬ĿᣬԨԺݻԨʶΪǰŮ˿
ԵģԨ塣
˵ԳԺصģˣ
Ҵ֪Ǻδˡ
ԨĬȵľŮӱڴһգڵĴ˵λ˾ƽ¼͵ʲô磡˵أͱģйԻ͵磡
磿
磿
ΪʲôᱻŪ˵Уǰ磬һ崫͵Ŧ
Ӧþ磡
Ůһߴߴ
˰ΣǼ侲
ɱԨ˵Ӧ磡̽ǸĹûǰפش˽硣ɽȣǴ˵еĿĹȣǰĹȶĿռѷ죬ͨͬأ
ĹˣڿĹȳ򣬷ֹЩռ϶⡣
ȣǺǿУտռⷽ澫տ塣أǰҪأ

͡
ͨ˵ٽԺеĳԨ֪ʱһռѷȣǰ鲼ţλεĿռ϶
ÿһռ϶ܽ벻ͬأ˸ˣת
磬Ҳ˶ٹһӡ
أ˵أôԨ
Ĺȵ⣬֮γɺܶȶģӲͬصĿռѷ죬ΪУһ鱻ȣΪʯļУʯʯ
Ϊʯγ˿Ĺȣ硣
ǿ鿪ʯˣ¿Ĺȵһȶռ϶ʧֻżȻһռ϶ѣҶȶ޷ȷ귽򣬴ſ·ա
ȵıüͷ͡
Ҳڴ˿̡
һͷԨԺ𣬡ˣϡǵãҵһ˵ն̨ԭͽпʯԶǺѰٵʯʯغݣ㾡ǻۣΪն̨Դն
ʯն̨
Ԩһ𣬿飬ͼճһ𣬱˴ĻҰʯͷٽɽȵ쳣һռ϶࣬ʱ
֮ʺ磬Ϊеն̨
ն̨ڴˣ
ֻǱλնɿĹȴߣŪ˺ݣΪն̨ѹ
յЩӣԨʶͷ
Ὺʯߣ屬ս˷ŭԹޣһЩ裬ǰˡս󣬽ڳֺܶѿڣʹǺӵ͸ʱأû޸
Ⱥ޸ʱѾܣܶСҲˡټϣʯǿˣĹҲ졣ԭ˾ûֵˡ
Ȼòʧֻþˡ
ͳ
һ˵꣬ԨһĬ
ͨԨص˥ܣȾԭλնߣȵĿʯߡ
ն̨ڣԡӿն̨Ĳܡ
ն̨նߵĴˣʵߡ
취ȥɡ
һӺԨӻ֣ʾŮԭ·غˡ
Ҳȥɹףȥɾû취ˡĹЦռѷʧˣ֣ҲҴ󡣻оǣ̫ˣûǺսǲֱԶǺӡ
༸ˣҲͷɥأѵ񷣬޿κΡ



ھŰپʮ ʯ
Ѫȼλ꣬߱ǣֱӰǺӵ
磬ͱ磬ûиߵǻǺս
Ҳ壬ڴ˵أ޼ƿʩ
ԨԹͨһǿȣ㲻Ҳ˼Ĵ
ġ̳Ȱ˼Ҫһ㡣
磬ǺӹŽȥǺĶܣҲû⡣
ֻǣ뵽磬ƬȣǿĹȣն̨ĳ
һ£ǲˣһ󿴿
λ꣬ԶĹȣ
ʯն̨
ճһ飬϶ҺԵʯͷԨ˼
ڵ˥䣬ն̨ڿĹȿʼ£ˡ
ڽն̨ɽȣܿʱҫģλεĿռѷ죬ݳռܵ⡣
⣬ƺܵն̨ʯͷһ롣
ϸ۲죬ͷѵն̨·ռעϡ
ն̨ڵĿĹȣĪ޸
ҲΪ֮棬ظڶڣһӣǻᱻ磬Ӧþն̨ԭɣ
룬۾͵һ
ˣѵն̨ܺ£Ȼǲż뿪ĵȺ򣬵ն̨Ϊһ壡
ͻȻ뵽пܵĻǿ½صն̨ҲŪѵն̨ڿĹȡ
ն̨ºΪһ飬ܷӳӦеģǿ
ԽػӦ𣬵һִն̨߳ƵĹԻ͡
ûע⵽ն̨֣ǵĺ£˵صĿռѷ죬Ҳ𽥵ࣿԨʡ
ȷͷ
ն̨޸ʱҲʹĿռѷγɡ
˵ԨɫԳأе㵣ġ
ʲô
ҵģĿռѷ֣ὥȶ֡пȵע⣬ȻᰲŸģǿǰ̽
ȷʵֿܡ
ҹϣն̨Ĺ޸֮ûⷢ
֮ԨȴţԡɷħУǣѪͻܡ
ξصѪսʶ˸ǿߵսܿȹ̡
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һߣءλ꣬εһȦһ
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һѨˣͷ
ڱ˺飬кܣۻ˴˷ءĹأоˣƵأǰ̽ܶطһ޼ֵģġ
ƺʲôµ飬ش˸
ôˣ
ʣµڱֱƻȫ¶ǿеأֻǣܴȾۻʧأǱ໥ɱӲǻһǱˣûǻֻۣ֪ɱ¾ħ֡
ǣкܶˣбѪǿĶĻ飬Ǹˡ
ɫܲ
ˣҹŮС
ţص˵ͷװɵ˵Ӧңû󣬱һ֮ءȻĻսֻᱻԵ
Ϊʲô˵ģħֵļһӵ𣿡ҹŮ
м£ϣú˽һ¡ؼ̫Ľһ㣬Ұ㣬ѪȽѾǻˡɼʹҲеӦҪһֱ޳ڵۻʣܺа
Ǹһ㣬Ѫֻ߸͡ͻȻڵ˺ѣܵӿ룬ǻʶѪ⡣
״£Ǻܿͻ񣬱Ϊûǵħ֡ǻ໥ɱὫͬ飬߱飬ɱ֮Ե
ǣȻûǣʵͨĻɱͻѪޡȻ󣬾ͻ֣֪ɱ֪Լ˭ֻʣ±ܵħ֡
˵
ͷ˵ѪȼܸߵǿߣܵʴӰ졣ܶСˣأһڻȥ׻ʧط衣ȻˣѸֱԾ󻼡
ֻ©֮㣬ǿػҲϱǿ󣬳Ѫħ֡
꣬εĸɽ֣ûҵ̫ģмֵѶϢ
ʱȻţȻǺӵ徫񣬿Ѫȼ㣬ϱأûۻ࣬ԡ
ǲԨǰ㣬͸ڣ
ܣǻҪһӣһĶأǿճ͸кѪܡ
ȥС
һıĳһȻǵĻҰ˸۽Ǳ޳ûǺӹŽ˺ܾáеЩʯֲ޵ģȫľ֮Ǿûˡ
ؿҴʯ٣Ҫ˶ãһȵ
ǴʵȲǺӹŽΪ类ˣ̽ߡһҧ˵ΨһĻ·ǿĹȣЩѵĿռ϶Σգֲȷֻðգ
༸ˣãһܿ˾
֧СӣȻǱԨ뿪ȻԸټԨҲֻӲͷƤطĹȡ
ǣһλʱˡ



ھŰپʮ ˶
Ĺ
ԨڵأһҫĿռѷ콻֯ţһž޴֩
͵ġ֩룬һҰɫʯͷͣڡڡ
ʯ·ʱڣ纣ˮؼȡĳ
ͣͣ
죬µĿռѷ죬·𱻹иϵɡ
ĹȱѤĿռѷ죬ҫĵƻͨӿĿռ䲨˳һı
裬ѪĴա
ڵڶѪһųҫĿԣڴȻѪӡǣ˲ڱΣе;֡
ռ޸˲
ȫµѪͨͻȻӡΪ˱һ֡
ȻæоͻȻðѪ
⣿
ͬʱĸߴأڻʲôǲڵӣĹȵĿռѷ죬Ϊʲôôࣿ
ҹĸ˿ϸ֮⣬ڴú󣬷ѣǸʯͷ
һѨİ³˺ֵܣ߶ʱǿҰɫʯͷ
ֵܵ۾һˮʧʹ
Խ۵ͬʱǵԺУֳ类һͷͷԶžţ·һ̾ͻᱻĿ¸С
ֱǿʯͷ·Ǵ󲻾һð
ǿʯͷ
Ѩֵ
ǵ쳣ùغ͸˿ֱǿʯͷת۲չԨһž֩͡оԨ
УԨѪ纣һ־ɽΡߴС
һǿߣ
˲˶ۣһԨۣҪν͡

Ĺɽ壬ұѣ¶һЩСĶѨ
رͷ˿˹ϵĴţ˵˵Уٵʱ򣬿Ĺܱߵɽ壬俪Ҷ;ߣȥޣȥЩ顣
˿͵Ѩֵܣ仰Ҳ
ҲĹеĲɽ壬֪ԭ򣬶ʼѣһҶ˳
ȥҶ̽һ£һ±
³뿴ѿĶѨڣûʲôǿߵ֪˹һһһңȥ˲ͬҶ
غ͸˿ǵĻصעȵıᵽѪ쳣
˵ص죬˾޴ջ񣡡ҹĸ˿ĬĬӦһӣ۾ٴĽǼʵ˵Ѫͨ·𱻼ˣǺ˰
ԤУ磬Ϊǰӣٵı仯
һĥһ£Լҡҡͷȷֹ֣ϣȻܵˣصѪ֮ζĳǿߣ˾Ѫһ㡣
˵˿ǳ⡣
Ҿ˵˵ʼ硣
֪ΪΣۿſĹڶѷ죬Ƿʼڴˡ
ڴţиģ鷢Ƽ뿪ϣƬǷ֮ء
κ
ಣ
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һ˵񣬳˿̹ĵĳޣƺ壬Ϊɱһˡ
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˵⻰ʱǸؿλߡ
ҲܳʲôԵɣλߣһν磬Ϳ̿νˣ֮⣬ζֻҪͼ󻹻ţҾͻ뷽跨ɱ㣡
ۣԺиֳģνİˣɫûţ˻ХţȴĻ档
ˣֿѣжĳ
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ԳͼİߣȻĽֻͣɱ
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Ԩżһ˵תͼͼʺ̬ǺŽܣûϢϰԡ
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ԨͷҺʶǡսѰɡ˵˵ν緢ʲô
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ĳһ죬һ޴䣬νһ׳
İˣǽǰ̽ȻһһĽء
ͼνĹ»㱨ͻȻڽرѣضƬ˶ʧأӿ밵ĳ
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Žܣʱû취ŵȺߣ䷷ͷһֱ
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ԨͼʱûгԱһ䣬״ӣһҩ档
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ԨԱϸ룬ȷǴħغ䱿УԨһЩ¼֪Ԩμǽǳ
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һЦ·˰ѱգֻҪҽЩҾ͸顣˺⣬ֻ׺ף׺׵ˣҶ֪µķλ



һǧ ħ
Žּ䡣
սʿɵħ֣ϥǡⲿͼỵ̂Ȱ޴ƣѩС
׸ߵּѸ磬ɱ¾Ÿ̤Žܡ
ꡱشԤеĩյٽҪھܶݵʱĽ

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ԡѪУڲʬܵѪ
ϣ˵ʬ屻ţںѪ˿˿Ƶ⣬Ѹ
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λǿߣħ֣ܽۻǿûǿע룬쳣ᱻϴӾգǰһĻԴħ˵ܡ
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ͣһ£ͼֵʧȥرӻ뵽ǿеıħֺ֣׳ΪӡǸʹκһᱻɾĨɱ
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Ҽ̵ĺŽλµıħ֣ð취ȥħ֡
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һߣǽעڣվһشزϼеһˣЩڿӿģ·ѪĹơ
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һԨͷŵĻЩڷһ£ֱٿջء
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ƺֻҪգħɱĹƹܾͻṩ
ǡɲǡϵĹ̫£
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һƻźܹͨ
ڣûи֪ĴڣЩ졣
Ƚ׽ϸߵĴڣճܰ켶С
ϸӦȴδᵽ쳣ĻǶ
ʲôֲңֻҪҲƽ㣬ǰȫġں̵ţһ˫ԣԨҵľǣҿ϶Ầ㡣
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˵ţԨ߳ף˴ա
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ͷĺƣ͵һЦʶ׷
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ʧȥܵ˴һ̻࣬类ɫиţѸٽӽλıħ֡
У
ԨȻֻǸ飬Լеöѡ
ûϵֱжϣȻӦˣ



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һ˺ħγɵƣһͬƮݶתɱħ֡
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Ψһ׼ģǰԨ׷ɱħֵһˣʲô

ʱɷħ䣬Ԩ̤붦УźŽߺȵȵѾͷԼԹĹȡ
غͼ˵ĶԻԨڶУȻЩ֪ޣʱҳҲûʲôɵǵˡ
Ĺȵն̨ʱϣûȶĿռѷ֣ġ
һˣԨŲܲܽλħ֣涼ҵԼ
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Ԩ뿪󣬰ͼأ֤
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Ҳᵽ㲻ԾҲ԰в̽ˣȴʲôҲû֡
Ȳż뿪ܱϸһҡ
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磬ΪңԶǺһ޴ĺɫʯš
εʯһǣһڶ޿ݹǣɵĹϼ̨̨⼣߰ߣ˸Ϣ
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磬֮أǶҲûʲôֵţ֯Ŀռ϶һȶԥЩڴ
µɫʯһѵ
ǣն´ΪĥʯΪҫķѡ
飬ǽϴһ֮Ƭϵļ̨ҹ塣

Ĺ
Ԩؿն̨ͶӶ֪аʱ䣬ն̨ܺ£Ϊһ
ʱѳռ϶Ҳܻпռ϶ȶ
һն̨£ǽȶĿռѷ죬Լ⣬ѡ뿪硣

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ɫڣħ֣ƱĽţܡ
ܻħ֣УһֵأҫѵĹâ
ԨһĵĪһڵħƣܾħ֣ǻָԭ
Сģ
ͻȻʾ
Ҳڴ˿̣һ˵һشؾ綾ƣһ崥ְ㣬㳯
ϼһţԨСأʱѤͷס
ױħūˣ



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Ųɫƣһ˵Ļ䣬˷ɳ
ĥ̰Сϼ磬Լ䣬ܿͷֺʹݡ
Ԩٿһڣиģһģһݳ֣ɫʹ࣬ڱ̾ĥ
λսʿŮγɵıħ֣һʶѣͬʹ֡
²ԨһŲæԽʣӳһ糺콣â
⻮ꡱ죬ӭĲɫƣȱΪأٱ٣ĸɢ
Ȼֻһٴۡ
ЦݵһˣϼУ޳ָͷһ۶ǰ鷢âĿ˵棬лİ״õĺܡ
Ĳɫƣһشصأȥ
ڶĲɫȻãһһˣŮΪλսʿΪԨδޣںйСͷĴߡ
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ڡ
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ԨǸأƻһƾ
һ̣Ȼ֪ƿѹƣ亦ħ࣬ѷΪɹȡ˺ƱˣӵǾǵĿȨ
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ħɵʤԺܶõܷӳսȻҪ߳ԭһء
ǺƵħ棬澫ۡ
ԨѣҪնɱȻԴС
һ˺ѶĤļХǱŮ
ԨжݵѣθС
ūۿƵսɫʹ࣬дֿ֮ɫȴ޷ԼǺ־ʱԨ
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ԨͷɴһĢȻϼ춾䡣
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Ȼ䣬µĴأ˵Ѩȥİ³ˡֵܡ
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СģɱѨˣԨϣԨѪⱻʴţά˲˲֪١
ҪԶݷѨƣá
ʱŮ˻Хһ͹ƣλսʿıħ֣Ӱ
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ԨЦһѪܣٰȣáɷħɿըѵȲ𵴡
ܱģѨˣȻΪɫϼ
δܣ쫷ųӿŤҵâһһҵأѸٽӽһûϼڵ
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ۣۣ
Ԩ쫷ųƬƺʱݰ顣
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̺綾ϸ꣬ԨѺѪ⣬ǿ㣬Ԩȫð̣Ѫڡ
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Ʊһ֮󣬲֮ǰ˵ƺΪԨһһ棬㲻ʵںأĶƫƫѧһ޵ǲǱĩˣ棬ǰ㣬ʣһеĶȴúܶھǿ߶塣
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Ц绨ؿ˵
ʱٴλӶ䡣
ĲɫƺУȻٴηɳʮƣĴޣЩڱ£ϸܡ
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ԨǶ綾ĳ֪˶ٱ
̶ʮ룬Щܾͻһ̯̯Ѫˮ
ͼɪɪأȥܣϸ綾ʴ£ѪԨ
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кŽΣͼ󣬱ظ·ܱܶ鷳
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бһۣʴѪ⣬ŵԨͻȻط֣Ԩһ쳣
Ԩֿ죬Цһ
ԨϵѪȻ裬Ц䣬¶ɹ࣬ûж˺۵Ŀݡ
Ц̡



һǧ Ӳ
žણ
Ѫ裬Ƥһ㣬Ԩ䡣
ЩѪУԼɼɫİߵ㣬綾ľ⣬ָ׸ǴСܶɱ񼶱ߡ
Ƭ̺󣬳ŴӵԨԾ׳֡
Ǿ߼Ϣ壬Ƭʧ
ûһж󡭡
ھʱԨǬȡһȫµĺɫۣһܣƤϵľѾͺѪһɢ
װԨƳһܣǶһϲɫ
ڸոգԴܵһȻܣϴѪǣʳ綾ڣѪ޳
켶Σʱչֳ
ûܵİҪЩ綾Ҫ̵¯ټϼصҩģԼ뵤¯ɡ
ⶾȷʵ費
ǰһˣ̫ôʱȥⶾ
Ҳ֪ǰҩڵʱ;жҩ֪ͬκζȥԨ˹½ǣ̬ȻһˣΪ綾ʴң
ȻĬ
Ǻǡ
ԨһЦͷһɷħ΢
͸žĺԨͨӨĺһ㸡󶦣һ𺮱Ůеӣ

±ĺɺ
Ʊöɵ࣬ؽᶳ
ɫƺеһɫһ䣬ɷħ
뿪ǽʱħغصĴ󶦣Ҳ֪صԨпܵõɷħ
ڴ˽磬ҲԨԦɷħֻû뵽̶ʱڣ˶纮ĳǿɷħ
ľǣõļºܿɢݵ綾
ĺԨļ֮ԳԲκζһֱзǳõЧԨЦݿ䣬˸ˣħλħʹǲκ֮ħɡ
֪һ˺ߵ
ǰҺ½йӴԨָźܣ֮ħɢݳģرԻǵ綾Ҳᱻ֮ᡣ½أħʹûֵˡ

ĺӹȥһͷģɱܵһشƣҲ
кѹԨɵ̤뵽һ֮ء
㣬ɫƱõ࣬ѪѪը
һƺһ
оȻԦŲɫƺ󳷣ƷֱŹءаͼ
ͼıǿף䣬һϼ롣
ʱͼͿʼѪۿݣ·һаʶ֣ĸ
λνҴߣҺƱȴΪħһƿء
棬Ҿˮˮǣ
һŲɫƺʱ˵˷磬ұͲ̫ãһҺŽⷽ뿪֮ǰ֪䱵䣬ǰ׺ףˣ
һܸɾɱıԡ
ȰǸȵѾͷ¡Ԩȵ
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ƺȻѸˣӦǺŽ
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û뵽ԨȻΪˣһǺҩڵһ֮
ҩڵţǺ
棬мƵľ綾֮ǺһЩؽɢɵĽνһޣ
֪ǰԨλҩֱᡣ
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ĹأҲͬ˵Ļ𾪣һСأΪһںľ綾һֲﶼû
棬δ̤أΪһЩ綾ɢͷȴѷɫܶھޡ
棬½аޣǻҵĿꡣħصһˣһѸԶԨһ˵øл㣬Ȼܹҿ۵Ǿల¡
ģǺһ㱣ءȻ֪Ǻ棬ֺħʹйһɱһ·ˡ
Ҳǣ
ۿԨЦЦؿ£æ䡣
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һݶĹȵǿն̨ǡ⿪
ҶӺضòǺҲǶŲԨЦſ񷣬ڶѤĻâӽš
һӵ磬ʱİǺ֣ǼλѰ޹аޣĻһ⣬Сеس
棡һ˼С
㲻ҪɱôԨЦأҰŽ㣬ҵ棬λһһնɱ˵ĺܶԣУұ˺أǺΪĻ
Ҳ뿴ǣûеûϮɱң
ͷ俴򽥽¶ӰģЩ½аޡ
ⷬһһһ㶵ģ㻰˼񼫣ǰһ˺Ͳ



һǧһʮ Ϣͺ
Ϊ飬ݣ˵ö֮
һ˽ĵԨĻԵЩŤ
ġһˣĶһ汻޷ŴҲĵսľ
Խȥ룬Լǲ̫ðʧˣôԨ
ԭȺƾһУյȫգΪǺƵһ档
ǽʱ䱼˵Ԩ䣬ֻɷħйأ㡣
ʱԨǺûг϶ϵ
ѵԨնˣڵطȻĻԣСӣ
ںԣǰҲ֪࣬źͺ䱽Ӵ뵽Ǻ֮ڣڵľ
Ԩйأͱ£ӵնɱԨҪٴˡ
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Ϊʱ򣬱ɱŽܣԼ½λаޣѳԨսڣĸ߿
ͱһսãŤת棬˶һҵʤ
ûгǰطھ
ˣڵսҲ񼶱
ǰĴʴʣǿڵĴ󻰰ˣûлعھǰʵûʤλаޡ
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мչ⾰ǿն̨ʱռѷ첻ȶҲܺǺ뿪
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Žϵܣôˣ
ڵձˣװͷ­Ĵٿһ̤磬ȶϵģͣĺŽչһ󣬲ҡͷʧҪǿߵͷ­ܻսطף
˿Ĺ⣬ɫƺƺֵӰ
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κһˣ
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һ䣬ƹ󲻵ȱ˾ߣз
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ɻʹۺľĴɣǲ̫ºܶ綾ԨһۣʹŪǵս;磬֪ǿߣӦǳħڵǸׯŮӡ
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УԨνǵ죬ɼΡ
ħܲԕFҫԯŮħڵ߶Ԩ۸лƼɷħʱչԺͷԨѾˣɷħնпĪ⣡

չΪһâһϢ䣬ִĹȡ
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ڴ󶦣û׷ĺһԨͷһԨԱߡ
УͷɥŮ
⡭
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ʲô״չ骺ı
˵ĶûãҪԼȥ˽⡣Ԩӻ֣ʾ뿪磬ٴһӡǼȻ֪״͵뿪˵ɡ



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ּͣҺŽһɢݵĲɫƺûԴĲܣ˷ӿһһƺ
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һռѷ죬գۼ䣬͵˴˷ءԨſڿӣЦݿɬ˵ȥֲ֪·ںδ
⻰һħڵչ骣ЩŹ֡
Ԩ˿ֳ̳ľֹǰˣ·ƹ
Ҳ֪«ʲôҩ
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ͬʱٽ·һƹԨǻԨɶ𣬻æ䲻ϱãûЩѵĿռ϶
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ξԨشɷħҲս
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Ԩٴվϼ˿װʹ΢΢ۡ
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Դһˣ쳣ƽûпս
Լǹƹ󣬻٣Ļͷ⸡ʱһ㲻ӿơ
Щ˲֪½ص飬ЩУӦúһһǺӪһ°ˡ
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ЦһôЦǾͿС澣Ȼҵ٩ң
ƹ󣬻ˣǱʹధҲ¶Ȥı顣
УǺӵսʿŮףܣƺֻǻὲѣɱᡣ



һǧһʮ ˭û״
յһ棬и뵹̣Ѫ硣
΢Сâ⣬͸ڲİҧĻǡ
̬ıЪ˹ХܿХܣĶʳһʹģ
Ҷ֭ˮѪ˳ֱʵؽԵ
ձĹƹ󣬺׶̿ĻЦŸ̸ۡ
Ĳ״Ǽֲ֣Լ˿ϧ
˵űʱܲס᲻ѪطԾ˵ԨСȻǴѱòѾ波
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ħڵչ骣ľګ￢ͬ޶á
ˣɱ̫࣬ѾľˣλԺݵаޣʼ͸ĶĮӺᡣ
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һ̣Ϊιء˿ˣʱ򣬻ֳӺ̬ˡ
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ͬĳޣǧܱ䣬ٹ̣һܻġ
ں᳤̻ͨȫµͼͺݺìܣ˳ƽ
Ԩֹ
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ܲԕFҫԯ·ˣΪ令ƾ
λԭֻҪħڵŭԼûˡ£һ棬һŶۡ
չȻ
￢΢΢ۣͷƾЩ
ͨɫӣ￢ȷжϳԨս񰡣չ骻ڵľ磬Сĵʤĺ

ž޴ĥűĹߣָԨЦǰеķϵ䣬Դ뿪ݣһû˺ЦЦ³ǣԨǰɣҩҩ洫𣿡
ٲϵҡͷԨ翴ħɵӡ
ҩ״Ϊ˭ξΪ˽磬ǲӦù𣿡
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Īⶼˣοһ³ݼҵү

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ĵĻ磬Ȼ°Ы׵ȼͷųǵϢ

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׵ھ̸𾪣ȻͿʼңûкԨģǼѡ

ĹأͰ͵ģ˵ȫ
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ս٣ĴɷħŲΪУ׼׶̵Ļ
Ԩһӳǧ糺콣糤磬˷ձĹƹ

ĹȵĿУȻѳҫѷ졣
նĽƺ˹죬ձĹƹ󸽽͵˺ѿĿռ϶˲ͷƤ顣



һǧһʮ һ
ǧ˿Ƶ糺콣⣬Ϊ˶򣬾ڣƹ
ͬʱҫѷ죬类иҲڹƹҡ
λձߣһβѽʱྡѷ졣
ÿһѷ죬ͷ⣬ǱγǷš
ǵһפ⣬һۿȥ֪ѷ죬ڲδֲ֪
Ժֵض֮ǿֹһҧһǴƿޣͷһס
ǴƿӭǴ󣬡顱شƿðݳ̵ˮҺ
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ն
ܼ糺콣⣬һһ״Ľţѹ

ʱԸԳأǴɵĴڣĴ졣
һɲǣáɷħת̳ٵڶ࿪ѨеĿѪ͸ռ϶ԽԼͷŵ糺콣⣬һͷǺӾޣˮҺ
ˮҺڶĴ֣ҪѪ⡣
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᳤Ȼ룬ǵȥӦܱ֤ȫҲȤһЦ˵оǣôֻ׺ҵģ
֪ǿߴ𻰣ͷɥ˵׺ף׺״˻˵̻֪ͨǵĶʱǣģǵʱһع顣
˵ص֮ݱչԣҲ;żѪ
½صĿޣ֮࣬Ѫȼһ
ΪȺƣûõóֵ֮ʵսԲޡ
λʸȥԪϯλİˣȻһƢû
ֻҪ֮λ̻ǿ䶢ϣûκε⣬Թ



һǧһʮ Ұ
ļǺܳҰ½أС
Ԩڴ˵ʱ
ΪҰ½أײںصѣҪţǺӹŽһµľ飬ܴ߶ǿ½ذ衣
½أûƵѺģҷѡ
ݱ͸¶νġҰײǿ飬ѵ½أŵ֮źͼҾ졣
קǰе½أڷӶģֵȴ۵ʡ
ںʣûϡֵޡ
½ػģսܣǵ˼Ҿ죬նūۣࡣ
ҰǿУӺ½صĽɫᱻˡ
ײӵѵ½أ½أٶȶȻѡ
ħڵչ骣￢Դ̬ܵȣΪ⡣
ǿ
Ԩ˽һ£֪ԺصޣĴڼзеܣĲ⡣
Ǻĳһˣ鲻ãܻܡ
أȥϮɱɢڸƫԶ֮صܡ
ΪǺӵܣϴӵĶ󣬼ǸȺ壬Сء
κһλǺӵ壬;綼񣬻˼
ңʱСӻ
ɢܣҽݵʹΪһϽ롣
ߣŻᱻʹɵĶ飬һɱ
ܣԺݵ˺첻вĸԺݵǿߣֺõزɱǡ
ʬаޣܻӴ
Ǹе࣬弯ɨʬһ˰аޣԺҲ档
˫ĴĳЩƣ˴˲ִ̫
Ͽɵ˺ҲܹһЩϴٵģ硣
Ԩãͨأһˡչ骣Ū״
Ҳ֪µġҰķ򣬾ֻ׺ṩģ̻ͨȻ콨硣
֮Ȼûȴ֪ʲô֪˰׺׺˵˼
Ȼ׺˵ˣҰĺй켣̻ܾͨ׼֮ûҵ취ǰֻšҰŰ׺׸ķλС
⣬׺Ĩɱ
Լʱڰ취Ū̻ͨͼ
Ԩһˣ֪ͨδ͵ˡ
͹أûڿֲǺӵʸҲֻʱ¡
չ骺￢̬ܵȣʹǿһνģʱ뿪ƫƫҲѡ¡
ҰܣڶԴʱСġ
һ˰صչ骺￢ϢǶŵ̬ǣʣ½صܣ
ԨϾʱ䣬ʮ½أѰԼ
ܶʱûֵֵ͵ܶʹ
Ҳˡ
Ʃ硭
Ԩվһ·ӻѰɢݳѪ
Ȼۿʮָͷ͵ľܣѪЦ˵Щ
Գƿµǵսʿ߼Ѫڵأݻ٣ѺΪܡ
µǱţͷβԨԨ뿪½ء
ܶСȺľѪȼߡµһ̬ǫѨ壬ħЫ壬壬ǺֻǵĽݵȺħЫͻ壬һλŽѪǿ߶ûҲ١
µԨϸ͡
ǰʢŵ͵Ƚ徫ѪľܣԴһҲս˵һ֧飬ݵ׷ɱԼΪۣսˡ
λϣԸѪȤռ˲װžѪľܡ
ˣսѲãҰ֮ϣֵǮĶǰֻļ弶͵ľѪһֱʽ򣬾ͱŪԺٴ
ֵΣԨЦʡ
µǳһ£빺򣿡
ţ۸񹫵ĻԨͷ
µǾһ
ԨûǿûȻҪѯʼ۸񣬾һõѶţ
˵ԨЩִڴ˵ˣɱɱܵķʽϴǣ
᳤̻ͨȻǣĿǰҪĵطҲ̻ѡַҾûԨ֪ʲôڣ̻ͨᣬܵķʽѡһЩʺҵ
˵˵
ĿµͷָЩܣǺݵʯ빺þУݵʯںǳǺӿͨû߰ʯɣǰоܵѪˣ
ʯںУҲͨûҡ
ʯСλϣ龧
߰ʯ˵Ԩˣ߶Ǵ֡
һ£ݵʯֵǮ𣿡
ΪԺϧµǱ棬أ飬ͷ̫ˡҪΣεܴﵽͨʯĳ̶ȡ
󣬾ֻʧ٣ֵ͸ˡ
˵һĽݣϾ磬ǺҫۣıغʥأҪȻҲᵮԻ͵ʹʢһأǿգ
أ¶ȫȻ;η
üֵ̫ߣҿѯһ£˵ٵ㡣µǼĬΪԼҪ۸ˣͷ˼˵Щˣȥǰ½أе鷳
Ԩһ㱡
û뵽ʹһȥıأȻУζ
ν磬ҫ۵ıأ챦ޱĻǿߵʥ֮أ
鷳߰پ߰١
΢Ǭȡֵ龧Ȼݸ˿µǣ߿׶ƴС龧Ǻڲͬ߰ʯʮһ¡
龧͸ҫҫ˵Ĺ籦ꡣ
µֻһۣ㼤֪ģ
߿龧أλսʿȥһԣʼߴﹾؽ
ʱλǿսʿ߿龧ŲŽɫײǿ½ضȥ
Ԩû룬ӣʮװе͵徫Ѫľȡ

ɷħϹѨɳ֮󣬵
ˣڶСأ˵һ˺ԨһǻѪСأ̳к
أģѪľӨ̳ᵽѪ
һеľѪкڡ̳ɫѪҺڣȻݳʮȷ˿ϸľâ
ŵġֻ̳ʮ룬ͷľѪ
΢СİâǴӡ̳ؽѪǣһ㼫СĻܣƮʶСأС
ԺмĻģ棬һ
·𿴵һЩЫ࣬ڱҵسûţޱϿĻѡ
ħЫ塭
ֹһ䣬Ҳ룬ֽྦྷеľѪһһ롰̳
Ĳ˵͵ġ̳ҪɲͬľѪܸɱǿ
Ѫ࣬ͬһ壬ܶ಻ͬȽ׵ľѪҪ
ЩڵľѪԴǵĽݵСȺѪ̵½صն񣬶ЩСȺ
ΪħЫ壬壬ǺǲֵһС壬Ѫ࿴һ۶ᡣ
ȻԿѪͳԨ˵ЩѪȻŲ͵ļֵ
֪˶á
ʮеѪ׷롰̳׵ԺٷѪͽǣӡӡǣʶ
ע⵽ȻҲһ˼ʮѪ
ܣ
ɫȻʶβŬݼҵص׵켶챦Ӧù˶ãչ졣
ξĥ񡭡
΢ɷħ谭Ȼ档
Ķһˣչ骺￢һЩѪȼϸߣԻһе塣
עɶɷħϿա
翵ԨͣϷʵɼ״ħ
񡭡
Ŀµǣվ˩Žɫ½رأ̬ԨԵЩ죬ö࣬ȴѿ
ǿģھĴޣֱǱ٣ͷε
ԣ̬Ԩܶ¶֮ɫ
Ǻӣͷ񣡡
ħڵչ骣࣬ԶԶسѣǿڵĿֲܣкܶ˺ѻǵ磬جΣǲħǵ𣬾Ӧǿۻ࣬е
ܣײ½أ΢Եͺȣөܹ֣



һǧһʮ ð
Ұײ½ء
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ڶ¥룬м̨ͷâ
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λߴɽľˣ߿龧ϣ¥ԵȺ
¥߶൱˶ͷ­¶¥̨ƽ
˿̣λߴľˣɫһ䣬ԾؿǰСˡ
𣿡
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һλλⲿϥǣȻ̵Ůӣ͵ؿڣؼףؼ׿ס˷⣬ϸ֫һ״°ż̵Ƥףֱֳȫ¶⡣
װ¶̬𱬵ŮӣҰԣƲκ˷۵ס
Ů
ȣѵãɱǣҹǣе߿龧̶ֳȵᾧɲǼһֻʶ׺ףͰ׺׵ˣ̻ͨûʲô飡
ҿ͸öˣ
Ես߰
ҹˡҰ֮Ķӣ߼ҹѪӿԷŮܹܶ࣬׵߼ѪģʱһԶΪء
һİȣһ߼ѪСࡣ
֮ͬŮܷѶϵµĶŮѶϵһ󽫾Ȩʧܣһŭ֮´ŮȣһЩ£Ϊܡ
ûΪǰֹòƢҲ൱
ɭһλ֮׵ܵܣŰ˼Ѫ
񣬿򣬷ѶϵºҰˣٳٲϻǵĶŮ׵ܵܣͳˡҰĹͬߡ
Ԩһˣչ骡￢ʱǾڹ۲ˡ
ҲͨһЩصװãԨ˵ĶԻϣҲжϳ˼˵;Ρ
ţֶΣԨ˸ɱ
о
ȵɭһֱȰ˵侲ٹ۲۲쿴
ûз̬ȣƺν֣ٴι۲죬Ԩû춯ǰֻǰпţĵصȴš
޷粻ˣڻûа紵
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һӶѣֲں˵
ĵףں½صܣһЩͼļһûõ׸ʹοֻʱǺȾ
ల£ٶ࿴ûҪꡣɭҡҡͷ
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˺ߣɭȣ֪ҲģҲӦøолʤϣɣǲֻˣͷųСӣŻξֲ̻ͨᣬڵˣҪôǣ
㡣ʼ硣
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Ҳһӣȷһ鷳涯е⡣
ֻҪһ£Ǿûˣɭ壬һ㲻֧ҲУ˵
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ϰðܣṵ̂ģֻҪϣʲôԡ
׺ףа׺׵ˣ᳤֪һϣûģΨ̡
İһˣԨչ骺￢ûҲûչ¶ھǿߵƺ
ȻͰԣɭҲֻܣӲͷƤӦ

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Ԩıɷħ磬Щ̳ɢ֫ٺѪ⡣
̬Ʈ⣬Ĵơ
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⣬̬ܿ۲ɲ֮ȫλؽйĦ
½йĻ֣ûвӣкڻǵۻϳЩ⣬Ŵģ弶ѪܣиΪСļѪսʿ
ǶԨȻģͷ񣬻ʲô⡣
ûãڴ˷½أһʵĵط˷֡
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ﰡǻĵطġ
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пܣǻԭˣҲ֪ϰԡ
Ϊغ滨ݣǺڲֵһᣬû⡣
ԺУʱֲֳǻַ˼ţռʲôǻ
ͻȻ䣬ʼ½صĻʵƻٿϨ
½أֱӱ¶ڻļİǺӣ

˺ѻǵۻܣʱӿ鱻ҷźе½أֳԨ֮һûзӦ
ģ
һ֪ʲô
ڴصɷħεԶ񣬼ͬʱж
󶦺ٿ£
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磬֪ͷų񣬴˿̳ܵʹĥʮ
磬ֻѿӿǺܣŨֱӡ
ڣԨȫ¶⣡

һˣչ骡￢ˣҲȻɫ
½ظͬҿûʺԼʺģʧһʱ;
ڣҪôھҪô֮޾Ǻۻܵʴ

Ĺأȵı䲻¶ʹԨǰѪ֮Ҳܲס
ı۰ƤۿɼٶȷֻѣѪ
ǿĹأƤ类絶ƣƤҲѿ
ǣѪСܣͬڰţ֪سֺ
һЩļѪħЫˣôݵʱڣܲסرˡ
弶ѪĵѨˣۿƤѣæصס
½ϣһʱ伦ɹ糱
Ԩġ
һۣЦݲ䣬費˵ܾܣΪϮɱԨСͬҲܡ
¡
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ѵһĽ
źϵɷħһķɣֿ죬̵Ц
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̬񣬾ôһǰޱѱģãһܵʴ㡣
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״̬֧ܵԮȻ⡣
ӿǺܣܸûжԽߣֺǴ塣
кϷˡ
һ˵Ŀ⣬ԨתƵҰײ½ء



һǧʮ ⿪
λѪҵսʿӡҰײ½أǺӶ
λսʿܱߣǻȭɢѪ飬֮
λսʿѪȫﵽ˼ЧҰȵޣҹˣһǺӰɭһֱõĵѨǿߡ
꣡꣡
͵ȼܲסǺܣΪǿսʿԽ׳ĿУи
ɫףͨӿֳ˵ѪζȻս
һˣһͺ
Ѫɫ׳ӿǺܣը

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ŭɶƶ
źȻ챦סӹ𡣡
µ뿪¥վһ޴̨ϣֱַ§óãպεħŮӡ
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ħ壬ħΪСһ֧ȺŮԾӶ࣬һΣò次
ΣΪħħŮӣ͵ϮħһСѵնģ֡
ԱߣħŮū̬𱬵Ķ࣬ƢԿҰ֪ٱİȣֲֵطһۣҴһ㡣
λȥˣʲôɵǵģΪȻ
صɭ˿ûڸ̨վڴ½رأֱַ߬סԨ½صĽɫ
סɲǣСţɫʱųĿâ
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Ԩڵ½أ类һۣ½ԲȻ
˿̵ɭרע棬ڵһ½ص˲䣬ԶصѪȥ̽Ԩ뿪ɷħı
ҪŪλ󵨵ģ·ԵС״ʲôΡ
һصİԨµĴذ磬΢С𻨡
ۣ
˸һ£ȻϨ
Ȼ󣬸Ļ𻨣һȼϨ
Ϊó죬ȥ֪ʵսɭȻһ
ɢݵİģ·һӿڵѪѪŵ֮ںǺľѪζ
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Ұ𱬵Ůķ֣ƮȻôǿˣλ޵ģɢŲɫϼŮˣĺܼ𣿡
ҡҡͷӰɭ

һ죬Ȼأֿչ骺￢
ûʲôõǵġ
§ħŮūҲӸ̨ǹааЦݣһħŮβһλؼе㣬ʾں棬ԼվɭͰǰвԾĵطһᶯϼһķ
ôһ˵뵽֮Ǽɭһ
Ҳû˵ΪԾҪϼӷģǰΪһˣҲһŮ
֮ҪСһ㡣
žϣ
ʮ׸ߵľսʿֲźɫ裬յڴ󶦣С飬㻹Ϊүү㰡
ɷħÿҪӽԨʱͱӶĺɫԶԶ
ԺƺΪɵ֪һϣߵ̶ȵչ֡
ɷħԨһΪ˸棬ײ½ضͬȡʱ䡣
˼Ѫǿߣͬ𣬻бǿġ
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أȽԨ
ξСӣδʲôɾģ
ѾţһԨ˺飬ȿʳԨĸλˡ
;޴Բ̵ľ飬ų˵ԭʼϰԣԺص壬ȻϲζɱϾǺݵ˰
ھЩУص壬顣
̳飬ֵҫٴΣ
Ϊǡ
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½мǺУһѪﵽ˼׺ܣû⡣
Ϊϸսʿֻ˵Ŀܡ
ߣˡ
Լεͱڵɷħֿһؾʱ½صĻͻȻʧ˾Լ
󣬾λսʿҲж֤㡣
ţȻЩǰ̻ͨռݵ磬Ϊ᳤ϵûΪЩðԼܳɹŭ
Ȼ粻ֹǾ͡
Ԩĵߡ
Ļ£Ӱɭҹİȣ˿̵Ӱ쳣

ԨĿ⣬ɭɫ£ֱͦʱӭսļơ
ҹǵȻж¶޳֣ԨһлƲƣٺЦ
ҰʮŮݳϷŪĻȣԨ£߸ͦ߾˵أ˵촽۾·˵ܸȤǧϡ
Ůɴֱӣ̫Լϲá
٣
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ԨǺУôô޽ɡ
İȣȻƣξߢ̬Ҳ룬˻Ӧ
ǰںأˣ˵ķ
ǰǺӴɳС
ף
ȶȻ˷ˣһƨϣ˵ļһܺҵƢңҪǼߣע㣬ɱ̫Ū䲻ȴԳ
ȣ׶Ըģñ󻼣ɭѡ
ҲܣŮƢˣ֮Ҫģ
Ҳ𣿡ҧȣСҺãҪ棬ҿ浽ף
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ŭ˵ˣҾ°ס㣬
ЦˣˣҾǺƽƽ֮㿴Űɣ֮ǰҿ϶׵żѪ˷ܵس嵽½رأǷһߵСŮԨ˵ɱ𱻴ˣװҼһ
ӰɭŶͷΡ
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໰ƪ˼ɣʲô˵ҲʲôҸɡ
Ҳرη塣
өܹ³ȻĻǵ˻롣ɭһ˺½صŦҫĹĻ֡
½ϣ˶ֹס
ܱӻɭǺӹעۻԨҲ𲻵𻵣Ч֮Щ͵ȼսʿҰ
Ȼûʲô壬ɭҲùˣөܹ֡
䣡䣡䣡
Ҳʱ߳λǿսʿֱ
УǿģſеǿߣվһǰһɫףԣȫԸս̬
ҹİ˼սʿɢչ骺￢Աߣ龯衣
ʮ߼Ѫǿߣ½صǿҲӿ
ԨǱߣھսʿ󣬳һ˼ޣһͬĵѨǿߡ
Ѩǿߣصǣصײ
Ȼмλ߼Ѫ壬ͣڱܻסԨ񴦣ɫƻĳǹ޹ķȣĳìܷ˹
ۣͣ
ɫĹα棬ʣ⡢âĽ䡣
кϵģ籩⣬켶Ʒģ̬ܾء
Ԩһֺ
٣顭
Ԩһȣɫĳ򣬲ϴ׷ɵڴ󶦣ͻȻȵֹס
µɷħ˰㣬ڿ˿
Եúĵڶڱظ֣ŹǷбλŵľսʿһۣ˼ٸһΣҲ첻˿ƻһöç򣡡
УֱӾսʿģ˶۾
ڣͻܼģħְɷħ˲޽ΪһĻӡӣѾˡ
ӵģʮ׸ߵľսʿĺɫ͵ش䡣
սʿԺĻǣӿɷħֱͷëȻĿ²ҽУѪɺӡ
ײײľսʿײ˺ܶഢ񣬲˺üۻʴСܣȻɽһȻء

׳ĵѨǿߣһѷֱԨı塣
һȦȦɫĲһԨ֫ȻУѪ˶ͣѨ϶·һĤס֫ٺѪСصϵ类
Ѫ츳
ԨһЦȴûλѨˣѸٽӽ
ݣ
һǿսʿĵ㼲ٸڵѨսʿǰԨ񶷣̵ϥǺⲿ
ȳĵѨǿߣҪԨײʱ͵ֹ
׳̬ĵѨսʿѪطԨѪͷอ·𱻾ʯѹţյ壬ơ
ҲͻԨάϵͣڵ͵׹䡣
ڼ䣬Ӱİ˼սʿǳûغ
Ȼɵ̣ѪĴ켶У̵ԨˣʮѪżΪ
ֻǣڶѪУûһѪ
Ǵ󶦣ڶڵСŮҺϲ
ҹһ½ıصش۷Ź⣬ȣҾˣҪǸϵѾͷļһôĥôȥŪҶ㣡
һΪȺԼ
Իа򴩻ǵľսʿȥȴ޶á
ӰɭˣüͷţٴС



һǧʮһ ԡѪɱ
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ڵϣֱϥǣ˾ŵޡ
أ㲻ùҵġ֪˼ҡƭ㣬ҶûʲôоΰսʿĳͼܸоҪͻˡ㻹ᣬ˰˼սʿܷġ
ǿҴܵѪֻҪۣ·ͿϸĹ磬ԺڣʵѪ䡣
֪ΪȺۻܸʴ壬ƫƫڿĹǰһѿҫ϶Ѫںľ֮
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Ϲλսͷ֣ķ̣ǵɫĹ֮ϣֻ㴦ҫ⡣
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һ糺콣⣬ȻסѨİ˼սʿնɵʱ͸Ѩսʿڡ
糺콣У׳ĵѨǿߣ׿Ǳ˺ѡ
սʵԨȻһЦһӳ
糺콣âذ㣬λսͻ֡
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ܵĵɫĻ壬һȾԨƯһʬѪУĮȻأһܶ
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꣡
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ԵһƬѪϪӣвǿ壬ҷŰӣڵϻţ·ҪĲ
ʵѪɫԨУ紫˵еɱ

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жѪ⾫ӯܣΪԮֵĻ
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صĲ֫ѪУԨѪڣغţѪȵħ
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Ѥõ糺콣⣬Щ뱬ǹǺĲҽУѪɣ֫Ŀɲ档
Ƭ̺ɱԨԳܹĻȻһɫϡ
ԽָɭЩģ̫𣿡



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Ԩµܣļ⣬Ѫ𽥸ɱ
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ͬǳӯѪӵ̳ԺЧʲ֪˶ٱ
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ԺУظֳΪʱɱڶǿߵĻ档
Ծ綾ӵǿӶʣԷ糺콣⣬¾ܵĸоҪӵĺ졣
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ҲҪ׿˵ĳͣҪɱ׿ѰҵˣĪҫЦ



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өܹ֡ʧǿ½ϣԶԶĺܶܣۻǺܹעµζ
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ں½أںܣ⣬өܹ֡ľ֮޴ĽɫꪺƱ롣
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ǹħһ壬ȫԵġڣħǺӰλصȡǾ֮ı䡣ıǰ˵ѡ㣬ҳɾ㣬Ҳɳ
Ұ㣬Ϊҵļ̳ˣΪҵĺӡ
ҲٵֵĽ
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һ˫״ӣտԨԨеĽʡ
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Ԩһˣͷ
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Ԩֻţһԡ
ȷܶ࣬ڡն´ޡĴԣҲԻ߮۹ǽӡʱһЩ档
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Ůʵν֮󣬲֪δĽУǾͲġ֮
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ѹ֣ŮҪԵ۹ٵ˵֮£Ҳǿȶһ㡣
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λԶ֮;жֹܾðɯĺ߹죬ǲǱɯƵ뷨
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ӰЦԺصǹ֣˵ǼڽҰں棬׵ܵܣŮٿػҰˣʮ죬Ұͻ򡣡
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СȵʯҵذڲʯѪ߲ɢڶʬ塣
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ԺصĽޣбսϲΪʳ˵Ѫ⣬ǿѪʳ
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ܴķλֻǱɽһǶѡ
żѪĽޣԣڣܵЩ壬ӲͬǣֻҪŪж壬ѡ̻ͨᣬΪ鼴ɡ
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һ֧ľ񣬶һȺܾˣǾҪǰȺȻһ¾
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ͼ½һЩа޻Ϻʣںݷʲô
Ԩҩת½ڣƻ̤ݵеɱ
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ԨڶСУͨһ֪ɷħٴǿһء
УڵھŽݵĺһھ
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ķ࣬С򺮾ڱ
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κһĺԨаĺܣӿΪһĻ
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Ԩͷģʱû֮п
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һλŵŮӣúĵɫȹƮŶУһٶȼ½أǵķ½أ˵еĻҰ
Ұݺͱ³мƵˣɫһߵܣѵðǲɣ
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սϣˣ٣ߵ飬

λӢ꣬ע⵽һ̨ŮȻϲظߺ



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ݵıӸ̨˳ԶԶһλ꣬ɫƽأ˵ͷǴк
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Ԩ˵ͷ˱һۣʶ
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ͷ



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ܣһ𣬽򡣡ѷ̬ȡ
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ðЩˣһҪСģĶĻҪȻţѷæ
ڳˣ֪˼ôһ˵͸ˡ
ģҵȻзִ磡

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ЩڣǾȻûȺӿܣôԣΪǿ𣿡
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ңĳ⾧ڿ׻ȷšҰ
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ʵνɡ׺ʼ硣



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ܿ죬жϳΪˮ֮Ľһ塣
նϽκһ֣Ҫ̺ĿֲһϢ䷢
Ѷϵ¶ã޷Ѫʻڽ͸
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У̬΢񣬿ʼΪԡϻնķʽѶϵǻͷŽ
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ͼǧ΢ϸ糺콣âϸٱĸ룬͸Ѷϵµڡ
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նһˮϪӡ˺һӨ׽â͸Уڲƻ

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ÿһ⽻֯㣬·ǽһѨϣͷһ
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ԨڸܵѶϵڵĽöʺ춾ʱͶһ˼롣
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һţһƨվŶ˵Ȼȥˡ



һǧʮһ 
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ڣܶĽöԨɵʺ쵤󣬱綾⻺͸ڡ
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Ԩ˵ͷڸҩɣġˮ֮
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ܲúŬȡʮڣ֮⡣ܲԕF
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ԯʱͷҫŹâͿһȫԸѤǺӣˡ

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վһɽޣؿڷţһʺѪʳ˲仯⣬͵رΪм
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һɽֳѵİˣԿ񣬿һ£ҡҡͷĮȻ˵ͻңܿ졭
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֪Լ״⣬Ҳ᳤ɡĺԨĵصðճ档
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ԨڣСһ̳̳ĴڣΪɷħǴ򰾵ıʹܳǿӵ
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Ҹָ·ɣСʽˣԸİҿֻףء
̳ɷħеĺ˺Ľ顣
ء



һǧʮ 
Ԩ񣬲֪͸өܹ֡¶ۻӿǺӡ
ŸʽճӰ㣬ɼ񣬾ͼꡱ죬ڵһʱڡ
ʹУŷǶڡҰ̨ı嶼ͬܣɵһ

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ģֲܣȻѵ
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ҲʹãξߣԶһεǺӡ
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Ļξں֮ĹǺӣ֪أ롰ܹĻĿֲǿա
ÿÿʹͣҲʴģƮҡ
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ǷʲôֵĶҡԨ͡
⡣
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޴һŵɽǼɽͷ⻬ƽ
⻬ƽɽ壬Ǿ޴м䣬εš
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ȡҰҪ½أһڽĹȻԨϤ۹ǳؽṹһвٵ磬ž;Ϥһʯ¥ұڣ˿ӡŵȸͼ
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ҩˣǰһĴȣкŮʡ



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Ұϵ޽ɫ䡣
Գ񣬿½رأݡİ׺ףһݳɬ
ɭԺҲµʲôͬȻɫ

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Ҳ͸ոնʮͷӺݻϢ𲻾ǰԨŮʣָ߳һء
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ƮȻڡҰıأŴ·ļء
ף
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ôһ仰ԨںƵͬ£ӡҰ½أûеִ;ͨɭݶڴ



һǧʮ ȣ
װعļأѩɽ洦ɼ׺վһϮµľ
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֮ǰʱһֱĮ⡣
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Ϊ̻ͨĵһ䣬ھڼĴޣλо巵ˣǰĶҪã᳤ֻԶ⣬伣
ǰԨ̶̵һУֻ˵оôһ
ǰڣûгҲû
˵䣬Ϊ˵Ҫϣݵλ;磬ҲԺգԨľһ
ġ
ָָԶƵĺ棬ŵһɽ
ԨһۣͼһϤٻӰ͸Өıڡ
Ůʹڳĳֿʴڰ״̬
ɣûкʵͲϵͻƾ硣Уڵͷħµĺ֢ͷѪСؽᶳкѪת
ָ޵⡣
ԨɫĮȻűеӰĵɡ
ڽʱԼڵѪ쳣Ķ²ϵλδޣʮа˾ڵ¡
û뵽µˡ
һζ꣬Ҳû뵽ٴطʱȻôһСء
ǰΪԨ˳ǡ
⣬ܽѪСصĽᶳܹ̺컯֮ļ̳ͨ⡣ǳĺҲ˹أ˵ŻǣҴӰ׺Ƕ֪ˮ֮ƽԺ󡣡
ԨͷųѪһ͸
Ƭ̺˵ͷӦ
޵ѪСأڵļ磬ᡣ
΢Сĺڲ˵СصĽᶳҲ޷ų⡣
Уо޵ǣ쳣Ĵ
ʱصǣĥอ޸Ǳǿƾ˲Խ˹ȥ
ڣѪСأǡ
ڵĻξͲƥ䣬ڶ֢
ֻǡ
ԨЦһĵʲôϵ
֪ݣҲǿȣ߲ȣһԼ΢Ц˵
ȡԨӦ
巵˵ͷˣУǳЩټ
á
Ԩֱȭһ⣬·򡰻Ұ
ϲ
已䲻ȵأһ˵ء
һЦһ仰û˵Ԩع顰Ұ
أ׺ָָԼ
һ
Ŷ
κ
ҰԶӰʱǿ鶳ס޵ıըѿ
ϣʢŭޣصž巣Ϊʲô
ûĻ㰾̫ãԨϵδǡ·Ҿͳںĵأһˡ΢΢üܷɣ״̬о񡣡
ûɱңӦѾǿˡЦ
ҡҡͷĪ˵һ䣬ϧˡ
ӱɽ߳ޣźǺӣΣһҧҲˣҳȥҪôҪôⷽƽɵ֮ػ

һıӸıɽͺˮڣǣѸٶΪһ鼫ıҡ
ڣĬȻ
һӲ־ǿѾͷѹСֹ

úݵš
롰ҰƳһʲôûٴξԨҡͷ̾ôһŮӣ˾տǷ㲻ȥȡ
Ԩš
Ѿͷޣҩһδء׺˵
δޣôһϵȤˣҴǽ뿪֮󣬾ûôǱߵϢ˵˵ʲôһ
׺׺ٺһЦҲѾͷ򣬲֪
ֻ׺׺ܰԵأʼ˵Ԩ޵ĶԹ
ȣɭ΢Ľζ
Ԩȫ̺
պ
ҰأһЩͶصǺӹŽ
ģаģŮиħӵأХ
ʱҶִ֪Ŀĵˡ
ս壬̻ͨƶĹأûκһڱͻ
ǰоԹģʱŭĿӣҲֹڴˡ
Ϊؾǣս˽ԹС
һ쵰εأڡҰǰʱԨһȻӾ
һֺӰƮȻ䣬еأվǰ
Сӣ벻ô죬Ǿټˡ
̻ͨΣֿ죬Ц



һǧʮ ǧ
쵰εǧ硣
ڽǺУɢͣţһҵǺӹŽ
һңڿƶսѷǿߣһִڴˡ
µ˹ǲʹ߱ˣջǺǻˣ˿Ⱥţ̻ͨᰲŵĽߡ
Ұ
ǿϤĸ½أҰʱѷסһ
սһǵıˣҰҲˣۡ
ʼеأעǿ½أ˵ǽһ㣬ܿǸԨꡣ;Уϸ˵ˣݷǷ
ˣæ
ʱҲԨͺݵкĹϵ

ͻȻ䣬Ƽһ˺յ⣬ǧһš
λ᳤ߵĺˣΡ
΢ѷͣαѺڽ꣬ȽİҲ֪ʸ񱻹ڽǿߣʲôȽ׾硣

Ȼ𾴡
ף
µ˹ıˣؿ£һöƵģ̰״Ļ£ͻȻ͵ܣ磡

һӲӵȻǧڷų֮Ҳ򡰻Ұٶȥ˺ܶ˵ע⡣
³µ˹λߣ
֮ǰݺ𣿡
Ļع飬ôϢ¶
һʱ䣬ǺսǿߣҲˣ׷
ҹȥ
˼ޱȣڷԸһ䣬ôģһأǸյġҰ
½УշΣЦݲãСӣ㻹Ҿ֪ն̨㣬˴£
Ԩ󶨣ʲôʱģ
һˣֻǵǧʱ䣬ȷʵκͰ׺ףкһͷȴûдѶϵ£Ȱ壬˵ҲһûˡҪ˵ڻҰ֮Ҷǧʢᣬء
ҳ֮½أԨеʡ
ޫhϯкܶϵߣʲô䣬
ģͨǰҴˣͶšκٺһЦǧ磬Ҳֺᷢܶˡڲľޱ䣬˫Э֮£ʱסˡԺսС
˵ʱľ߱³һеط
һʶķѶϵ£ֹнһ㣬Ȼ΢΢³ߡ
壬µ˹壬³
ɭ͹شսʿȫȻ𾴡
³ǺӾøʢ֪ʶԨȺʹøľѾΪܵķѶϵ£塣
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˴ɷħʱϤˣ½صǷսͲİ
Ԩֻһۣ֪ʲô΢ЦĲϣ׼ˣ
³ͷŪˣ
һԨ͸оڵ״̫ãٲ쵤ҩܿ͵ͷˡ
ɡ
Ԩһֻһֻ֣Ȼи΢ġ桱¯
³־ϲ
ԨЦ˵
ã
³ڴĹâСأһƤȡ£ֵݸԨ棡֮ǰָģһȱÿ׼ݣ
Ԩӹ֮һɨ͵˵ͷ
ʱȻע⵽ǧܱߵһսܶעħĻ׷׾ۼ
ƺڹţһһ
һЦƤӰһʧһ͵ʯ¥

ҲʱͬԿµ˹ıˣ͸өܹ֡£˵磡
³תһۣǳһûӣʱ
磬á˸Ц㲻ڵӣǺȻû˷򣬲֪ȥδӡ
峤ֵ׳꣬ʮĶѪ޾Ǻӵǿ֮һڣʲôǵģ³
˺ٺЦţûҶ죬ֻ˵Ԩһλҩ񣿡
ţҶ鷳Ӧͨ³ڴ˵
ȣ
Ԩأ
Ԩˣ
һ⣬ͻȻǧڳЩԶǿߣãȻʧ룬֪ΪڡҰִ֮˴󶯾
ʥŮ
ˣһҲȻսϣʧС
һλλףѪǰ˼ǿߣȻӾվǿԺ󣬼ķ·ʱԣΪ
ӵһ̳Ĳδ峤ϴˢ裬ħλڰħĹؼ
ǰʱھͺֹܶ˵ںݳˣ˶ڵǣ¡
ǧ磬һο屦Ȼ
ʥŮȥܵĻҰ
һ̣Щսʿ뿪սȥӭǵСӡ



һǧʮ ҫĿ
Ԩ
櫣Ůɣķͨ׹ƵͭǮڱ³Ҳ̴ǧ
һͣǧǺӹŽڶǿߣ㱻°͡
ǳʢδʼĸǿߣûϤִԸ濼ǣ̻ͨҪȸߣʱͣ
ǧ磬ûǿš
ҲˣȵЩ壬ֻĵȴ
ֻмλݼΪ󣬺̻ͨߣűǰ롣
ǣ֮ʶΣҲΪξǽߡ
Σȵλѩϣ¡صشǧ磬Ӷ֪εݺ⡣
᳤š
ڡҰԺ󣬾ȻжԴԨ˾졣
˵Ԩ֣ΪѪħλħ񣬰Ը֪æһԨ壬ԸؽȡϢ
ȥ֪ԨǺص޵ţԨԴ
֪Ԩҩתߣ֮٣Ϊ޷ݣټԨںڲԺ¶Ϥ
Ȼ
ľ߱³һ峤򣬰Ů˾櫣Ůľɣķ
һ׹Ĵ̴ǧ롰Ұĳʵ̫Ŀ
úܶ޷ܵǣǵ죬ǧ磬֮ǰȻûǡ
Уǧ֮ҲȽӼǣֱҰ
ܾӿġҰʲôħ
ϸ۲졣
ͷָǿߣ½һִҰȫѯԨڡ
սϣѷűݻٺʼ޷޸ġڡͻȻ̾һҡҡͷ˵˳ˡ
㣬þͷһƶ壬֣֮ǣǲԨСӣҲǲѩ
ѷͷ
ԨǼһأ

ʵĲ򣬻һⴹ䣬ſھѯʡ
ЦŴһ䡣
櫡ɣķͳǵͭǮҲʱѯԨڡ
ɭأѶϵºͰȣľ
û뵽³֮в櫣ɣķЩĴȻҲԨǧһԨ¶ǿҵĹעȤ
ɭ֮壬Σ׺ףİһЩ
ɲ򣬱³櫡ɣķ⼸λǺӶޱҫ۵󣬼Ⱥ峤֮һƽںδᱻΪϱ
ЩˣǱŰ׺ףǱκˣԨ
Ϊܵ޽˿̣ζĿ⣬һԱߵŮ°֪ͣЩʲô
û˵ȴ̫á
СʱԨʯ¥ںЦһöҶ̬ɫӨ浤裬ʢڰƿڣ³ȥҩС
Ѹ֪櫵˵ɫȻ
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ͭǮϲߺʱ΢һͷ
˿̣˵Ŀע˳öҶĵ裬Űƿ櫣һ͸ܳɢݶģޱŨϢ֪˵ӵŶ컯
΢Ͳ²ԨӦöأ˴˵Լ
³ŵ裬һл
һ䣬ͱʹһɫȻƶǺӹŽȥ
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һ˺ƣ֪νΪȳ򣬵Ǻ׷ɱ㡣櫺ԨͷƳ˺һۣ̬
ƻȻ⣬ֻһЦ
ǣԨʱע⵽ͭǮȻ֣ܲ
ұֻΪ˰㣬ŵ˾硣ֿ죬شЦ֮ȥ˻ûãٴ
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ڵرնȻһٴξĲϣڶȻҲȵһס
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̻ͨǱߣ֮ԲǺսսʿǰ̤ǧ磬ҲΪǱ߻ڲá
һ½ͨġǺӶɿڡһ׵¡
ܶܣ̻ͨ᲻Ⱥ֪ǽģҲǷѩ㣬ͬͨռطȡ
ģһű
ǣݵˣɻУԨѯʡ
СеУе;УȥˣȻ֪ˡιЦۣ˿½صˣ˵Ԩ⼸λ˱ʦն⣬Ҫ档
ɭأȺͷѶϵ¡
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κЦͷѩ㣬Ϊľͻƶϲ
һ۽Ƕݳϲɫ
أ
һָԼıӣЦѯʡ
ҡҡͷЦűǸ͵̻ͨᣬڣѡһֻгˣŹʸǰ̤롣
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½ʱǲսһ˵⻰ʱ⣬һս˺ܶˡ˵˺ܶǵˡ
ԨȻȥĿˣи˼߼Ѫսʿħ
ǳսۣ壬õں̻ͨϿɣټǾ·Ǵӡǿնɿڡ֣̻ͨǱߣûܻǡ
ǣЩûнصͬ壬ɲǰ̤롣
ҲѡڡƵ
һ£üţ˵ûõǱߵϢ
ԨҵˡЦأôԨԨͷ
οԨԨ֮£˵ͷҴӦġ
ȻĻһ࣬Ǿû⣡
̬ȣð׺ףúƶһ
ҲУΣһ˵ġСӣôͷܴͬ⣿ƾ
ţͷʮþˡλӦ
ԨҲһȻ
飬ʵûڵʲôˣ֮ǰͭ޹׵λҲֻǶ˵һģɵĻʼڹײڡ
ΣȻֻ˵Լͬ⣬ͼźһܵõڵɣܳΪڵˣԨҲе⡣
Ƚǧ硣һ˦ˡөܹ֡ǰ·
ոճˣҪô֮ȥҪôԨʾԨС
ƩͭǮȻȻں棬뿪
ЩټԹ˵
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ҶˣԨͻȻָ֣һ´İȣУѯΡ
γһ£˵Եȣѯһ¡
Ԩͷ
Ƭ̺ƵõӦеġ



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ѶϵĿͰŮͬԨһǧȥ鸴ӡ
ܱͣŵǺӹŽϣǿߣһͷͷ׺ħаޡ
ּĴڣȻҲʸǰǧ硣
ŮȻԨһ仰Դӵ̤ǧʸ
ѶϵͻȻЩ
ɭʵ˵ȺС֮䣬ûʲô
Ԩһˣ͸ź󣬲źȻһѯɭ
ɭָָλ˼Ѫսʿ㻹ɡ
Ѷϵλ¡
ӦãӦйϵҴսʿСػشȻæҵʱʱ⣬޷Ԥ
֪Ѷϵһ˳壬ԼŮ߲ϸ·ѶϵǨŭԼԼȥ͡
ܿͷ֣Ѷϵƺûдֻǵ˵ͷ

ǧڲء
һԲɽͣ鲼½Ԩһۿȥֲܼľʣ˲
һϲط֣˽Ȼ
ӣͺݵǬ½ȣܶһЩȼ
ǧ粵ӵУкѪۻ
ζţﵽߣӦ
Ȼû裬ûݺѪ⸨ڴ˷ؼȡУЧҪԶԶںء
κһҪǿ˵ء
ڶɽ룬ٳһƬ޴ƽأһΡ¥
Ԩڸ߿գֻһ£֪Щ¥Ĳ֣̻ͨںݵĴӪȫȻһ¡
ģģͼģֱвͬĵá
ڶ̵̻ͨߣ壬æµػڸУڲĿƷ
ԨǱȵȺȺҪ㣬ȥĵط˵
ָλãǽӴҪĹԨһۣͿŻĸǿߣǶվš
С㣬ҲȥǱߵȺ򡣡ε
Ŷ
Ԩһ°ȣʶȤص˵ͷ֪Ҫ˵ȳָ֮طȥ
ͭǮ櫣׷׹ȥ
ˣҲȥǱ߰ɡ
ηôһ仰Ԩ½ǣһš
ͬǧ磬Ⱥɽ֮һصشһݴصľ޿ӣһ͵񳲡
񳲣Ҳһ֦ɣƱ֯ɡ
֦ڣŵԨ̳ǿҷӦ
ĳѨ
Ԩȡ
ףСҲ֪˳Ѩ
᳤ȻһЦԱ߳Ԩ֣λϵŮȽܣԨ٣˵ģʯλ
һ壬żѪĳϷѩ΢Цͷ
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ή֮ϯϻڷϣһٵ֦֮ϣ͸ŵϢǲĳѨ·Ӧ
֮⣬ĴͳйŻڵ͡
⼸ˣԨԺ󣬽ͷ
һ
֮ס͸ط磬ҲǲĳѨбۣϯһۣһ
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İ׺ף᳤һ仰Ȼ졣
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ֻأʱȶƵ֮бĿԡҪ֪֮һӿ˵ǧˣʻܲ

λ˵
֪Ԩ֮ûĸǿ߽룬һǲ񳲺У̫ȶһǣҲΪǵİȫ롣
һֱĽûڴ˶ӡ
ǣвܹԿ٣ǿ
̻ͨѡַǧ´񳲣ǴΪǿնɿڡǿߵ˼
񳲣˵໥͵湦Чκһ񳲵飬ִܵ񳲡᳤̿ڣ񳲣ƣкܶȱݣֻΪһССǿնɿʹá
Ůʣϵһ񳲣ʲô⣬ܲܽ
᳤͡
񳲣һڴˣһŮʺϵһϢǱߣڸ̽񳲵ѶϢҪȷǲˣ᲻ʧٵĵ
᳤ͣ
۾һ˵Ůˣ
ܱȫ޸ȻŮʺϵǸ񳲣ء᳤ҫľĹâǿվ޵ͨصĽڣֹ񳲵ͨ
ԨҲȻһ
½صֻħԨͨкܶ鷳֮УֻħԨǶѾѪħռ죬ڵƻˡһźŶһֱݵȶͨκ˵Լ

ʱšݡһ񳲣͸ǧĽڣ뵽ڲء
׺ףή֮ϯһʱ俴ǸĿǰΪֹû񳲡
񳲣һٽȱݣһ֪١
Ůʺϵûκε⣬ڲĲϢת磬ɢ
׺׺ϯ۷ŹؿֳʱݡҲ



һǧʮ ŮʵҪ
ݡһ񳲻ţһǧ磬ע⡣
𽷢һö֮񳲱㻺롰ݡһҫȻԨڵء
Ⱥ̻ͨİ׺ףϯʱǰ񳲡
λͺϵ񳲵ŮʣƺעΪĴУŴ
׺ײ͸ͲϵУϯġή֮Ҳ͸ŵλŮʣûбӵʲôµƫƫҵһĳѨ
ңɹϵԺ󣬻طھ

ͷڵŮʣеĲѨ¶ӰľգɱڱΣ޷һ÷ݡ
һĿ⣬Ȼأ
λǬ½˼ĵһŮۣ̫ҫ۵Ĺ⻷
ǵһԵ֮ھŮǿߣΪеһУǺսۣء
ĵôͣκ᳤ȵķѩʼԼĻѪ侳ʵ
Խв⣬ԽǾǰŮʣһڲ֪ô֮
͸죬ǿ󣬺ζ
һ˫ϸ۵һɿһֻ׺ףή֮ϯĪһ֣Ůʵʵʤλ뷨
ҡҡͷԼЦԷǣ̫š

ֿ죬ٺһЦŮѺõͷ
λϵŮʱ£¶ټ󣬽ԨͷԳϵ˵һ䣬ǰּˡ
ˣ᳤ûбֵĶô𾴡
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᳤ҲҴţżɽأ˵Ǻһǧ磬ϣѨָò
顭Ů
Ԩ΢΢һЦԺ󣬽һ־ͺáȻתϰһݡ
õġ
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᳤΢΢ü
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ں̻ͨᣬʧȥλ;磬ǶطǺӣżȻĳѨһغϵɹطھȻҷ롭
Цһ
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᳤ҲЩΣ˼˵ǵı̻ͨᲢûгʲôǱİš
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Ԩ⣬бˣһԣٿȻʧ
˲䣬ڳľֻʣ᳤Ԩ
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᳤˲ĶˣȷҵѨ
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תҪܶߵȽǿߣ޵Ѫ⣬ҲҪṩŮʼҪ
᳤ͷȻ
Ǻã㾡콫ЩѪŪҲþ翪ʼŮٴνʱŲǸϵ񳲣·ӣԨҺϵĳѨ
ԨŶһ䡣
һУ͸о񳲣ģӽĳĻ塣



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֮ƻǿɱ޼᲻ƣﲻݡ
ܻԺŻǲɢϢУǱ֮һɢᱻ
֮УɱǿȴΪأѱ򡣡
⣬ͣ٣ð׺׺ϯһ
ŮʲģӦþǲ֮ϵǸ񳲣ٴγ뵽ھҲˣõں̻ͨ¡룬ϣ޸ڶص񳲡
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׺׺ϯʽΪ̻ͨһԱһӪҵȻϣһһڻͨɹִԪ񡣡
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Ԩ۾أרעźŮʺϵɹ񳲣һؽأ֦ɣȦƻ񳲡
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Ԩľסˣ㱾ʹõɢں̻ͨı氲ϳȪıȣǡ⣿
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Ԩϸʱȣ˵
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᳤Ԩ˵ģ½;СģΪĳѨָԭ״̻Ͷ룡

ϷẈ̂ԨͷڲԳһ΢С硣
ԨԣϴоȡѪ̳پת̺컯Ůʡ



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Ļ㻷֮أݴصľ޿УŲƵĴ񳲡
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ԨʱֻӦԿԺ츳Ρ
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ƿҵĴţԨ⣬ͷ죬һӰ͸ǧĽڣź̽Ĺâڶ
̻ͨĺܶˣգӦȥϢ֮
ЩˣǸͣҲһЩԨȴʧаޣбǲб
һĻԨʱ֪޸ǸѨ
̻ͨᣬҲ⿪ЩԶĿˣǺӹŽ뵽ǧڲ
ʢᣬҪĻ
һˬʺͻȻڶԨͷһͼһθߴ࣬һɫӵӣֿ̣ͫ죬Цþò֪㲻ɻǵ͹㡣
ԨǿϤУǰż㣬絶̰һӻû
һǣôʶˣߴӹЦ
ˣۡ
һȻ
ͷڣڱεŮʣƮȻһ
ҵߴæһ㲻д󣬳ֿ˵ͬΪ˼ĳɾͣ磬ѳҡ
ǰ
ԭ㣡
Ԩ˲ݳЦݣٴϸۣϲ
ʱ꣬޵񾳺ڣǰǣѪ֮ص̬



һǧʮ ɭ֮
ڣ
֪Ǻۣڼ򵥺Ԩ͵ѯʡ
½ʱͻȻʧһȥ
Ԩһֱ֪ľ۵׷λ̤ȥλǰˣԨźӦʲô
ģû¡
۾վڴ˴ǰﲻأǧⲿǺӽߣ˵ǻԵ뿪ãҲһռ϶ִ硣ʵǲǲǺܾ
Ԩһһ
˵ˡ˳һۣԥһ£˵Ҵڣѯһ¡
뽲Į
棬ʲô飬˿֪
ĲѨ𣿡Ȼ
Ⱥں˻񳲣Ҳ᳤ѨҲϵܸ֪Ѩķλ
ڣΪע¡
۷˼һԨΪ¶
̻ͨǧٰⳡʢᣬȻˣó͸򽻵ǿߣ˿̲ڸ
ļλɢļ֮أֻǧˣŻ
ǸҵжϿܴˡҳԹûи֪Ѩټ˵űǸֹûκβ˼
飬һֱ¡۱ЩɥתԨ˵ûй¡񾿾Ƿ¹ش󣬲òضԴţ
⣬񣬿һ³ˡ
֪Ȼǡĵ˵һġֽնһУᱻ˲ջءңҸûκηء
Ȼ֪Ҳ˵ˡ֮ڣЩǿߣ뿴˵еֻ֮Ǻӡ۱̬ȡ
Ȼ󣬻һתԨôӦһˣڣ
ʲô⣿Ԩ
ҪڣһĹŶ£ɿЦˡ
Ԩۣǰ櫣λݲϵģżͬŮ
λľżǿ֮ǰһȲΪӡ
طۣϲ˾ϸܵƣɢŲľǷ۸Ԩĸоһïɭ֡
ڣ治¶ᵽʲôҲ˳
¶˲˰ɫڲصųȻĲľâ
ⶰƫ̻ͨĽƬһƧ֮
ҲľݣǸӵķۣ¶ܶľ·õע룬һӱ˾
¶ӵأΪ׵İӣǼطڣܵظоһ֣
ӵĵӣҲоˡ
Уݵ櫣Ȼ˵ı󣬲ϵʹɫ
Ǵ˾ںصŮʥҲϡ
櫷ָָ¶ɫأλӽܣȻԨ¶ˣȥˣλǰ壬峤ӣɵ¡
Фɵ¡
ԣһľżѪߣޱĺԣ²һ䣬峤⣬Ф츳ߣΪɭ֮ӡ
ɭ֮ӣɵ¡۹һ䣬ɫ䲻ȡ
Ѫӣʥ
ɵµȱ˽Լ¶üͷ˵Ǵ˾˽ܴиУҪдУҲҪѪĺѪ
ɭ֮ӿɵ£һ񣬡櫳ϣͲӦ
Ӧģֻûش˾еʥ
һ¡
һ̾ͷҲҷ
ɵѪ츳ѣڰĵλȻ壬Ҳࡣ
οɵ¸ֵ׳꣬˰峤ʮ۷Ѫǿߡ
Ҳĵأηλ
¶ͷһԲԵþн
ĵǰ뿪أһΪѪһǲо櫵ĺǻ
ûû櫵ĹգǺӿû֮ء
ڣλһֱ𾴵櫣ɭ֮ӿɵʱҲڼɵŶԷݣ֪Ǻá
죿
뵽¶ɱսȭͷȴΪĸо
˳櫴أǿߵǺӣν޿
ʧȥ櫵ıӻ󡭡
ǰڲ飬֡
ǰǸɵ£˵ȫֺͳƺŵİߣȻվԨͺǰɫ֮䶼Ǿζ
櫳ϣȰջı顣
ɭ֮ӿɵ£ԲɵԸһ䣬תԨ㣬Ǹҩ񣬽ʲôԨǺ棿
ԨҪڡ
Ҳʲôɵһ䣬ǸкƵģʲôһˣ˵Ҫڣ
ԨȻʧЦ˵ͷ
Ȱ㣬ôȥɵºأؾ棺ǰν磬νĵͿ̿ҲߣŮˣǰɱĿ꣡
ۣҲԨҡͷȰûҪΪƵﰵ塣
ںУƲֵΣҲǶô˲õɲɣ޹ؽҪ
£һ˫͸ҫעԨ
ԨӰһվ¶ԣһЦЦǰңҪΪͽġ
ӿɵµķԸ¶櫣齩Ӳ̾һ㲻ûͬ𣿡
¶ͷ˫΢˵һ仰
ѾŬˣѾԨķԸָ㣬ȥϤҩļ䡣
Ԩʼû˵һĻԼʺܲһûϡ
ڣˡ



һǧʮ ͽ
¶Ȼ̧ͷ
ȻһҰڱε·ͻȻעһȻ⣡
ǣһ˿ֹסϲЦݣ
櫶ʱֹȲ֪Ԩ֮ϸֳһ¶Ըе˵ı顣
Ůµ۾·Ҳ͵ҫ¶һСأ񹤰ľ򦣬ݳһΪЦ⡣
¶ݣݴ磬ô
ҩ츳ѷɫǰǼͽܣصѪԺĳɾͲ͡ԨһۣԹ˵֪㲻ϲɱսԣҩʦ·ʵʺ㣬ͨҩӳ޴ס
ϯ¶ϲ
ɭ֮֮ƺŵĿɵ£ǸżѪİߣ
ɵȱֳĬ
صİߣ櫣Ӧʲô𣿡
ʲôһ
ʥȡɫǴİ壡ɴ˾ܵʥӦڣѡµĴߡ
櫳룬һԨ·˶ʥС¶˵˾˾ʥˡУĴ˾ȨʥϿɵˡ
ͣͣٵ⣬¶ʥ

ɵŭ⡣
ԨٺһЦνɭ֮ӣ̻ͨйأ˽˵ǧˡ
֪ȻΪ㻹ܰվţɵ
ˡԨȻ˼ǣǰ̻ͨĹأͽѵʲôƨɭ֮ˣ
˻һɵºأ櫶ʧɫ
ɵ£ǰ峤ӣԨ˴ĵ
ڴˣҪһ£ӡֻĻԨҡͷ˵㻹ûôӣ񡣡
Σһȡ
ڡ
շͷػӦһ䣬
ԨͿɵµĳͻʼԶעӣ˵汬սŻֹ
¶дİѪͳҩ츳Ƿָ϶켶ҩʦİѪٲݣü滨Խ϶̵ʱ졣
̵һԨ˲ţ̻пģ
¶ϲɱڲȵ̻ͨʺϡ
οȻǡ
ǾͺáԨ˵ͷ¿ɭ֮ӿɵ£ͽܣԺ켶ҩʦҲ̻ˡ
ɵɫӲ
Ҫȥ㸸ף̸̻ԨһЩ飬ûʾ֮ǰ㣬㻹ǰ峤ĸף
仰΢
ϸһ룬ҲͻȻʶԨ׽˹ؼλ峤±ȿɵ£֪˼ȼȻÿɵ˺
ذɣﲢӭλԨתݣûж࿴Ǽһۡ
˵Ķԣǲǧ磬ǿ¶ΣǶԿɵ棬һ˺ƣǾҪǳȥˣ뿪ͺ̻޹ˡ
ʱղһ䣺ҪǣʱĺƣѾʽڽɣʱҲ뿼һº
Ԩ֮Ҳǵá
¶վſڣ˵ȣûǿȡɵûͳ櫾һͬתݡ
һŮʧ

͸ϢĳѨ
᳤ͷѩټλͨռߣһ԰Ⱥ
޴ڣʣһǽ֯ţһȻҫĹţǹڣռȶ
κ
ޫh߲ʱ䵱ǺӶɿڡڷݳһ뿪񳲣᳤Ц񣬡᳤
᳤֣󶨣֪ǺӶɿڡ»ָתˡ
ݣԨǧ磿
ޫhƺʦǰĺ棬ûҩڣһԨҲԸƺʦԾֱ
᳤һֻ۾ڣֳԨ˿ڵĹڲԶ
ޫhЦЦһҲû飬˲Զȥ
֮󣬹أгǧٹȻȺǡǺӶɿڡһо֮ǡ
ޫhһĴǧ硣
ڶƿڣǺӶħĴĳ֣귺һɲ׷ѯʷʲô
־֮صĴôͻȻ䣬⣬򣿡
վѨԱߵİ׺ף۾δܳɹѨװױ˳ˣһӲʹ졣
֪ûѨָԭò
׹Ƿˡ
ͬΪ䲻ôһ䣬׹Ǵӿ־֮سɾ͹񣬲ռϯС֮󣬿־֮صĹ˵̤ѰԼĻԵǺӣֻҪط־֮أͰȻǡ
ӽ𣬰׹ڿ־֮أñȻǷ󡣡
ֻҪȥͷ޵СԪҹȥҲͽκΣλް취
¡
׹ǣ˹һ񣡡һпǧ˵û뵽˵ܱʵ
׹ǣȻаϭԨһ棬ϰ׹ܷɹҲԨƴϯۣɫһôĴǺӣӦֻᱻԨ
أħǱδȫ׹ǡԨڵݣǱƺҲĬ᳤һ䣬ͷûԨĴ
Ĵ˿־֮أҲ൱ĸھǿߡ
ԨܼԦǵǧ磬򣬶һǿˡ



һǧʮ 
ףô⣿Ԩأ
ޫhѭ᳤ķλ̻ΪԨ¥ǰһ۾Ϳδ뿪櫣аˡ
ɷħں½ʱ˫ӴϤ
櫺ͱ³壬½ص⿪󣬲ñһ̤ͬȥں̻ͨῪٵ·һǺӶɿڡȸϸ
ޫhżȻࡣ
档
櫳ϸɰͰ͵ЦЦ
Ŷл
ޫh΢һͷһš
֮󣬳ǧٹҲᵽޫhĶϢкûһֱҡ
ħ̬¶棬غȻɫеȣǱˣ
ħǱħʢˣѪħĸ׿һĿ
ʶң
£İأֻǺͷԨСӣ
㣬ǰɡɫΡ
ǳЩġ
ضûأȥԼ櫴һкҲҡ
ǣɵü
Ȼ𾴣ħǱ㸸ͬһʱǿߣںأӦú͸׿һΪħĴħʱգܶħһħ񣬶Ϊеź
ңҸ˵ɵ΢΢ɫ
ںأΪعոǿλǹԥһ£ӲͷƤͣ־֮ؼδйĹ񣬶λа׹ǵĹƺΪԨİܷ񡣡
У׹ǹݼ棬ǰаϭ
ĴӦøյִǧ磬һʱȰݼԨ

Ӻݻų櫣˽¿ɵ²Ȼ
󣬷һ־֮أ׹ǹ񣬼ǼλսǾżǿߵĹͲѷɫǰ̫ࡣڿ־֮أڶĹ飬ĹС
ʵʵ˵ڵĿ־֮أνǱǿ׳
Խ䱸ı飬ųŵңѹ˵оǣԨıվ̻ͨڡ
λɭ֮ӣĿɿڴ֮࣬Ҳء
κһԵأȥ

ĵһ¥
ԶޫhǧٹгںԨţޫhੲݵأ˵Žںݵľơ
ĶԨ֪һЩڿ־֮صġ
һλ濡ӵأͺۼ֮һЦ˽һЩ½νаħȤ¡
Ԩ֪׹ڿ־֮أʽΪ˴δйĹ
˿̵İ׹ǣȹ̾磬ҲٶǽԼǧ磬Կ־֮صȡʵ׳Ļ꾧Ʒ
Ϊħ֪ǺвĴЧ
ˣĴǶ
ݼ˰׹ǵʺԺǧٹٲȻһЦ뿪
棬úͺһȥƺҪ̸һ̸ڵĲá
ޫhӽ̵Ϊͽ
ԨأָָԱߵ¶츳Ѫ㴫ҩ֪ʶҪرעĵط
ޫhһ㲻ЦͷϾ£Ұɡ
¶֪׶̵ĽԨйһӣ־ϲϽ
Ѿͷ˵꣬ҶûᱻϿɣûеõʽӵءޫh˵仰ʱۡ
Ԩװû
Ѫ̵λŮ
ӱͼţĳԺܳصɫѯʡ
Ԩͷ˵һ֪ͰĹϵǳ֪״ã϶ġ
£˵
⡣

պ
¥ҾԨ֪һѪ֮ǻۡ
һڰŰ˺Ѫǰվžİ磬Ľë˶üĴǵɫѪȻ䡣
ɫѪŵһ̣糾ʶСأ˲ָת
ۡ
һۿģһɫװ㿡ʵԨ
ǣݳһ֪˵ǳЦֱ˵ȽʱҾ룬ҿ϶ᱻȡ

˲ɫǺûдʱһ˵ûеǺӶɿؿһУƫҪԼȥ򣬺α³ç
Գְ硣
Ҳ֪λ־֮صĹ˽ãҲŭ񾳵ΪӦҪǺĥһģֻǰһĴͳ
˭ˣԨʡ
ݡɫ֡
΢΢ɫԭĻǾѹˣܷᰲɽѪ̵طѪݻôãǶȫȻ֪ɼжôˡ
λǰŰɽݣصĲݣԨҲ¡
ڵ꣬ûбɽȡɹתն˰ɽһУ԰ɽǱѪ̡
Ҫ½ǳұ¶ˣòʼѪ̣ıسԴ
ݾͨѪ̵طǰ϶ֽţҵѪطҡҲһںһ£˵Ԩ˲⣬һ˺ܶഫ˵еıħ֡
ڶħ֣ƺʹţͨһα߽磬򡣡



һǧʮ 
Ƨ䣬һļĵǿա
һýһãǧ׸ߵĹͺͺɫŴǧ򱶵ëƮҷ
ɽһ޴Ŀ͸һɸ࣬ϣϢ
ֳһ֦ϣ׷ţţڶıħ֡
Щħ֣кνǺӵޣģǸ˵ıߡ
ÿһĻɫ֦֮ϣ̾ǧʻıħ֡
ѪϢ죬еŧҺеĲ֫ôɢŻѪζеͫð̹⣬Ѱʲô
Щħ֣ȴû໥ɱʳ˾ù졣
޴ģֵĻɫʮá
ÿһıħ֣֮࣬˵Ĺ죬ŶȻ򣬵ȼɭϣ˼ԡ
ƺĳԼǣ˱ߵķԡ
ݣ
һ̬׵⣬Ȼһļǿգһ°Ǻս
ҹ塣
״ǺӹŽнٸѪȼϡɣֻ߼ҹˣΪ׵ҹǿߣҲλ˼Ѫսʿ
ҹǺӹŽֻ;Ϊ˵гʢἴǧٰ죬㲻
շ䵽һλ縺ڱεҹ꣬͵ؿһĻ棬ŵ嶼Ӳˡ
ҵ죬Ǻӵǿħ֣ӿ𣿡
ګګʱʱæȵˣ쳷ˣûô̫ƽ
ľñĿҹˣ׷
Ҳע⵽һÿþ޴ĿųɰǧĿֲħ֣ƵƮҷǺӣҲŵĸεѡ
Ȼ䣬һĻɫ׷ŵһͷͨޣĿںҫǿ
ǿþһ޴ޱȵȣ͵ǳǺӹŽĴ

֮ͬء
ɢżޣһʮǳƮš
Ľ٣Ĵ˷أлֺĳǳأ⼣߰ߵľʯڣµĺۼ
ʮ͵ĻҰУкܶθߴһǾʬ
Ѫݽߣ͸Ũ⣬޽ӽЩʬʱü
֪µĳǳأڹϵľ塣
ֻ񣬱ڶʮ۷ǿΧˣƲסıǰĲпử档
һĹȣһ磬˶ת˲š
׷Ƕιȥƪ£ţܷ֡
ͻȻ䣬ͷȥ
ûڵһҹǺӹŽʧصײ
ǺӹŽΪ̬浽Ѫƺһҵսȴһҹˡ
䣡
սԶĳҰ׹٣ԥһ£һȥִսкϸ֮ȷʵûҵκҹˡ
򣬽ֹ˽սȴϮˡ
һƱӨĵ⣬ڷһսкÿһصķʽиϸµ̽졣

һƱӨ⣬Ӵһ̯ɫѪʱŨıѪ͸һƺϵıӨ⣬ͼڡ
ڴ֮󣬸౻ͷųȥıӨ⣬ҲӴ̲ŶʶѪ
뵽ų⣬ǿܣҪԼִɾôȥʱŵѪСأЩδ֪ĳ΢΢ѵļ
һ£ͻȻıע⡣
⣬Ǻ㣬ܿͻҶһ·δ֪壬ûпܣ»ȡһ˿
ţϼӷЩ֪ʲôͷѪʴ͸

ǧһҡ
Ԩţ೤͸ʯȡ̲ŵģ
˷أӣҲŨĻͥСأҪϳӯ
֮⣬ȸߵʯѵĲ䷽ʽ
ͷ״ţ̬ڣġ֮ţϴɡ
ǰ߲Уʢŵ桰֮ޫhӿ־֮ش
ǹޡ֮һİ׹ǹҪޫhġ
ֻڿ־֮سġ֮һһϴûЧѪҪϴ裬ʵҲһ
ܶʱڤ룬ޣſǶԻǵϴӾ
ַʽ֮͡ԻǵϴȣЧʵ̫̫֮࣬Զ
ţġ̬֮УԨ˶Ĵ
ûħɡ̳Ļе΢С֮ϴӸɾ
񣬱ӯ֮࣬ƺܵ
Կ
һҷɳҡֱϡ
ʱƿǧĽڣۻӿ֪кǵ͸˽
̬˼ңӵ±ͣʹǿҡ
ֲķӦȻˣ֮ǰڡҰʱԸоܳܡ
֮ȻĴǿЧԣ
ܣʹعʱͻһϼеĸߴ飬ƮȻ
Ǹߴ飬
Ԩ
ħʣ



һǧʮ 
ħñ仯أԼģ
ǰʣһϵļУ̬ɷħеƼơ
ڲտյģͷʵǻ飬Ѫʵ塣
״ʣħħ壬ӵвٿʣǱǵ
̬壬һĿɲ
ԨʵΪİΪ½ʱʴڷᱮ̾ᣬԷᱮս
Ԩһ£ǵƾϢжϳλһᱮҪΪħʡ
ͬģڿǣҲһϳ
Ϊ̬ʵǾ߼У˷ǰͼģ͵ķᱮеıģмơ
ôãܱһϳ
һſڣʧ֮
ܿ죬ͻһλݲƫӣУҺƶɣҰ塣ңûҵõǰҵǡ
ڽһ䣬εҪħ񼶱սȷҪһħ
˼·̫߼Уûõѡֻʱˡ
㵨ӻǲСҲҰⲿǺӣѵΪҲħ
˵ʱһλλɹħŴ˵ؾӿ
ҲһЩ̬ħħͷ
ӵ𣬾ûѪʵ壬ΪһشħħĻǣǾ񣬶Ҫơ
̬ħ߼ʱܰѽڵıǿհ衣
ʴˣ
ʴˣ
ڶϡŹֵħλħк
ǱǲѾˣ
ʷܵأӦһЩħȻѯԨ
Ԩ˵ͷͨǺӶɿڶ
Ǿͺã¡ɫ࣬ԨǰʲôǱȻڿ־֮أ˹أǺǣһΣά򡣡
ʲô⣿Ԩ
Ӻۿе֪ڵĲǿߣûֱӽǧ磬ɢڴƫƧ֮ء
鷳ˣڵ˲Żȥ
ڣмǺӹŽĪ׹٣ͷ岻֪١ʵ
Ԩһķ֣ɵѪ̵İ磬˵һƫƧ֮أзνıħ֡ңڶ࣡
ħ֣
ԵЩԾ˼ţħֲ̫ܣȺӵĳ֣ûǣۼһ໥ɱֱǿߣɱߣСͬ࣬ѰĽס
˵ӦôˡԨ
Ҫ֤һ£⻹Ҫ᳤ʵ˵ͷûмȥɣǺٺһЦԨһþòá
þò
һԨѳܲסܵĳ͸Ȼع顣
طңһ㡰֮ǰ޷ɳڣȥϴӾ
ӣ˷ʽ
ڶıħ֡
ı򦣬˳˼
һӣ¥´һ֪λľżǿߣѰҩ
һԨң·ޫhӦд£ȫȨ
ޫhӦ
׿Խҩʦλǿ裬ѶȲ
ֹһӣǿߣҩݣǵҺ壬Ҳǰҩ
Ԩ֮ǰӦͬޫhȥ죬Լҿޡ
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ɫ׵ȡѪڵĻѪ⾫ѪСأ߸Ѫصİ磬кֻأһֱƲ㡭
˳ǣЦЦأԨ
ԨȻûдһ仰Ȼת̳Ѫڳָ塣
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ԨԨ֪²֡أǳһ⣬ʲôԯ氡ܽ鲻ɱҶԴ͵ġ֪ģĴ

һ仰û˵꣬ѱԨסѩײ
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һʵұҫѣĿı⣬һƵѪâұڷɴܲұѷ졣

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֪磬ȻǺѪ̵Ůǿߵһ
Ѫ̣ǺӵͷǳԶ
ϯ׺׺͵Ⱥаޣ¶Ȥı飬ζĿ⿴š

ԽĿɵ£أֱվ̨λŮǰ
ֻ֣ס̨棬ȻŮ۾˵ûмǴĻ㣬´ɣ
˻һΪ֮Ȼ
̻ͨΪŪֵ㣬ͷ㣬ͭǮеᣬǰַ˳ȥ
ʢῪʼʱʽ裬ģһãһ㣬һƬȷע
ҲˣͭǮĺ˵ħסλá
̻ĹǣҪʢῪʼĵ죬ܹг԰֪ͨԨ
ʵһˣҵǰŮԼԨݣʯԤ
ŮԨԺ˵Ԥæ
˭֪
죬ûнԤʯ
ŮͷҺͰӣӬͣˣԱעļ۸ˣһкϺء
˵̧ͷһɭ֮ӿɵ¡
ɵ»΢Ц̬ŵط¡ħס磬ôҪħף
ҪһŮԳϣһ鰵ƣһԲߵɵǰҲݸ
Ũ
ⶫƺѪ̣ɵºǷЦЦˣһǰ
ڳģǻɾˣǰĳ棬Ѷ顣
ŮΪ̻һӣȴվڿɵǱߡ
֪ԼԨţǰԤˡħסгѪ̵ʱĸ֪˿ɵ¡
Ȼ󣬲пɵһڰ硢Ԩǰ¡
죬˵ԨĻҪԤʯȵ
Ůֻæͷңû˵
˵ͷǺһЦ˵ãܺã

ŭ֮£붯ǰٿȻ
㣬𣬲̻ĳԱˡһȽλŮ̻𣬡Ķھ͸뿪
Ǹ
ŮξǸԹأˡ
ѵõصĳŵǱ̻𣬻ܻع鰵壬ĹҲӦФƴļˡ
̻ڲ⣬Ӧǰѣ
أԺ˿ԻңǰչأȹĶܲ˻ذɣ
Ҳˣˣǿѹŭ
ںأһ裬ûܹ˰Ū
ʱֻˡ
˵仰ʱûغͿɵ£ԶԶţͣԭûҲû̬Ԩ
ȻԨ̬ȣġ
ӦòУֱøҵġԨһ
̻ȻⳡҪԹֵĶų棬ΪǣҲ벻бˣҲû롣β˼أԨͷԨûҲǾˡ
Ǿ仰ɫ䣬Ƕ˵ġ
ħףд˿Ѫ̵ƣϵ㿴Σɭ֮ӿɵ£һһȿԨٿ¶ĿԨϣǲû˽Թʽ״ɣԺ졣
˵ʱ򣬶֪ɵͼıʲôˡ
󶯸ɸ꣬һ̻ŮǰԨͰ֮Ϊ˵õ¶ģʥ
ΪϺصķʽȥʵĿġ
ǰأȷû˽ԹԨЦЦԺˡ
仰ûٶ࿴ɵ£ʲôһۣޫh¶һȥ
ж˵ľܾ
櫳ϣ֮аˣǶæ衣У¶Ժ󲻹ܴﵽʲôҩΣѪһֻҪɵ»ʲôФ壬ع鰵塣
Ԩ߱˵
һ԰пࡣ
Ҫôλɭ֮뿪ǧ磬ҪôߣԼѡɡ
Ԩ̤ϵǰôһ仰
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̾һһεأſɵ£ħףǿ壬ǿԴߡⳡʢᣬҲûϵˡ
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ԣҲ˵˼ε˵ͷҲ˵һ䣬ǸƻģǰŮҲ̻صĶ˵˴Ȼ̻Ĺء
ۣûԨ̻˵Ƕٱӭ
ֿڳģеˣȵвǵˣ̻ġǼסǼ̻ͨһ̣̻ˣ޹ϸ𣡡
壬ФҵСӣƻǵĹأԲٱǧ磡



һǧʮ ʥ
õ㡣
Ԩ̤ǣҲһ˿һ
״Ρ¥Խϵ¥㣬ռȻԽСеֵͬǽڽ
㣬ǲ˸͸֪Ľ磬Ե쳣
ûһģҲݼҲƸ̾ߡ
Ʃ磬µ˹ı³ȵķѩĲ򣬴ء
Ԩ
һλĸߴӣЦݲõأԨкСӿ԰һôͻˡҶҪˡ
ӿʮͷɫϣͼ
̷ɽ
Ԩһû뵽ǧʢϣλڵʿ
̷ɽھΪڣһʢǿߣ˵Ҳλص֮ʵӵߡ
ǵʱȥ氲棬Ůá
³Ҳ˵̷ɽйս˫¡
ϡ棬ںͺݵ񲢲ͬһӪ̷ɽһЦӦҲ˵ˣڵλҹѪҹڵЭ£ɹǶλˡ
ԱߣվһλݵҹŮӣòżѪ
֮ŵޱͰɯһҹĳϡ̷ɽԨüŪۣ˵һЩͰɯ֮Сᡣ
ɯǸ
Ҳʮŵޱĵؿڣһ
ɯСԨ
ŵޱ˵ͷʾҹڲĸ߲㣬ʲô֪
Ԩû¼˵ˡ
Ԩһ¡
Ԩĵ裬ٻı³̷ɽŵޱ棬һλͷ̫ߣЩ꣬£Ҹ˵Ԩ
µ꣬ͷ㣬۾ºͣ쳣ɵѩ׼볤ۣԨȻһЦлĵ衣
µѪҲͰ˼ԨĸоȴΪء
㡭Ԩôʡ
оǰɣ
ԶĲ΢Ц߹ºһһ̳أȻڵļ壬ŲϺţԺǻʵأΪһε峤
Ԩ
ӵС̳ߣĳκһ壬ὫΪı
ˣҲˡ
Ԩá̷ɽ֣ʾǰȻڳռ䣬ָ̨ڣһâڵ⴮ݺѾͷɱ³ҲҪ
ԶԨֻһ£۾һ
һʻεһƬǺ׺ʮľʯ͸ĹâǰĴ
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λڵʿȻ̫ᵽɱŰһӪĸǿߣѣñ³Ͷ
̷ɽսǿ̷̾ɽΧˣȫزۡ
Ǻȷʵģأڲ̻𣿡̷ɽЦģԨ˵ݺѾͷм϶ܳǰ׼һⶫҪѪ߶ݺȫԼԦġ
ݺ򣬾͸ݺ򣬹Ԩʲô£ں棬͵أ˵̷ɽһܵûطһӻ𣬡ѵ̫ҪԨǮ
Ȼǡ
̷ɽһȻڨڨЦԨ³ϼһ˵˵鰡°ǻǺǡǲӣҲݺǲǣ
⡭
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Ԩԥһ£˵ܺãܺõһСá
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±̬ǺǱصһЩ壬ҿġʥҵİôǴ˾
ҲУ
̷ɽֿЦѺõأԨļ򣬡СӵӴҺͱ³ϼһ˴죬Ҳûҡ˱˰
̷ɽûԶ㣬ﰭۡȡ
ܲѺõ㣿ǰǰڣûкͬ۰̷ɽίλҹŵޱһȥ
ŵޱͣͣԥһ£˵ŮʣҲҹˡ㣬ܷͷͺ˵һȱٵĲֲл꣬ǧͷţ
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Ԩͷʾס
㿴֣Ҿã⣬Ӧõϡ



һǧʮ Ѫ
һѳƤƳɵĵУذرĹ̨
̨󷽣վһǧĵħŮӣħħŮ͹̨־룬ƺԸ̫ӽ
Ȼϵصģÿÿʱж¶ݵĹâ
кԨָǰһ׶೤ĵ
Ԩսʱͻͻڵ̳Ȼڸת
ͣºŰͷһѪȥ̽һ¡
𣬱ô
ħħŮͼæֹ
Ҳڵ㣬̻ĵһ巣ӱⲽ
һ󣬾͵Ԩǰ΢΢ü˵ƼѪ
ѪѪ
Ԩİ磬ԣȻɫ
ȵķѩı³£ҲѪֺ͵

ٿſ֣ǹ̨Ԩҡͷ˵ҿʺ㡣
ԨȻ
ûѪţ磬巺ֹ֪Ѫ²򵥡
࣬ڵ̳Ҳ˵ǰѵĹ졭
ѪһʮǰһλʦġλʦѪεĵ죬Ѫ⣬ͷûʣ͸ˣҲˡ
˵ʱء
֮ӡ͵ǺӣһͷżԯСͷԯѪԺʵǡɾ˵ֻѪսΣҲǸʦĺ󳾣ʳѪ
ȺΡǿߣйŻڴޣսʿħھޡһ⣬ЩǼͣѪ纣ļһսУɶ
ĵߣһλǿߣһٶڣ֮֡

ϸ͡
Ԩ飬ⷬˡ
һѣ߸˵
ʦʲô֣ԨüѯʣǰڵĲʦϤ񼶵ʦҩʦһ֪˭
硣
磡磬Ԩ΢΢ɫ
֪磬껹켶ʦԸƧƫִںѲַ࣬
Ԩڵ˵;̤ϼ֮·
û뵽
ͷԯǰͳǿʱڽѺţûֳ֪ܹԷͬѰȥ
Ҳ᳤ڣϣ¡
˵仰ʱЩŭͲԵǹء
ǰʵԨ̫죬ദʱ̡̫ںЦЦħƿǹֳָ̨Ԩڣôһ̳ڣӦѹ
ԨòҪȥԡ³ȵ
ĲǳЦ˵ҺǱ̬һ£ҲãʲôˣܼԦĻһ

һŷڵӰӵ߲ע⵽ߵۣͣ¡
Ůʡ
ĺܶǿߣаޣ
ֻפƬ̣˿Ԩһȥ
ǿߣΪơ
ûں̻ᣬǧǰļʮ꣬λŮе徫һٶǸҫǣʹǱ¹
ˣܶǿߣΪƺҲ֪ûƮȻȥ
ԸĻѪó˵壬鷳ҿԸһЩһԨĺȻ
ЩԥԨ仰˲˾ʲô룿
񡣡
ħħŮӵ˵
ô󣿡
ԨһĻǬ䣬һ²ص龧ԶԶ
ǣȥЩĶƩ絤衭
˵ġ
᳤ӵ߲㴫ŵ
еУ켶³еʥǺԺصߵȼֵĻź켶൱
壬ҲƺΪ
ԨĲȴ֪ڴ˹ߵĵ߲㣬š
һԴ壬һá
̻ض
ԨڲȱҲûȥ׷ʣŮʴӵ᳤߲֪߲¼䲻򵥡
Һ裬һЩǷµ񡣡Ԩ˵ͷͶλħħŮ˵ѳˡô˵ʱѴֽ
Ԩ̨һߣ̨зӡС᳤ٵ
Ҳá
Ԩǰʾ巡ÿһ㣬㽫Ǭ㽫ָ̨ռ䡣
һɫȻУ
Ǭ䣬ֻܴĻѾ൱鷳̫ˡҡҡͷ̺ѪĻǬ޷ɡأ˹̨߰ɡ
Ŷ
ԨٿȻƵ¥ݿڣ棬ߺˣͭǮ
֣
ʱͭǮһ·Ԩ˵ֺõش̧ǹ̨Լġ¥ΪѪ˵㡣



һǧʮ ս
ǧ粻ңԶһƬǺӡ
鱻½أɽһ㴣ţγһصġϿȡ
ϿȡһţͷӿŽɫ⺣
һɫ⣬ڡϿȡзţܻĴ켣ͷ
ߵĸ½أӲӵĸǽɫĮšϿȡ
Ͽȡǰһÿǧ׸ߵĻɫ޴ëƮҷš
֦ϣ׷ţɸǿߣޣ仯ɵħ֡
һɸࡢݼšϵζƬͱħֺе
䣡
ɫ޴ȣ´ϿȡĽɫ⺣⺣ڵâ䡣
̾ڿıħ֣ɫкŧĸ˲䶴ȴڶʱѸϡ
ϿȡǰǺӣۻǰδеĳ棬ΪЩħ֣ԴԴϵṩ֧֡
㣬ʵѹ˾졭
ǰ᳤ˣյĴǣ½أϿȡ
γһƬɫ⺣ϣΪֹЩɫڶħԽ硣
Ͽȡգеۻܱ룬½ء
Ӷγһֱħ޷Ӧ᱾ܿܣǿ־ġ֮ء
Ҳɣӿڴ˵ıħ֣һÿõĻɫҪôںɫ⺣ġϿȡ
Ҫôһֱˣֱ˳
֮⣬û·ѡ
ǣڶĻɫǧıħ֣ڳأسϿȣײƬɫ⺣ͼȥ
ûκһħ֣ûκһûɫѡԭ·ء
ڵʮ졣
һλսףŸҰϢľսʿЩͱħʱ·ͻȻð
˾սʿҲǱۻʴħ֡
沿󲿷ãһ˫ɫͷųŤҵĹâ
ʮɣȾľˣҪĶĶࡣ
֮󣬻ɫȻֿڳ·
̾ڿ֮ϵģڶıħ֣һԵüΪڵȴʲô
ݣ
ʴλսʿͻȻʼ٣Щɫ֮ͨǡϿȡȥ

һһǧɵĻЩɫ֦ݳ׷עλǿ׳ߴľڡ
ľսʿõսӳ֣ǼõĹսףڲ·Ҳ˱Ǳˡ

Юſֲ˴սףһɫ뵽ϿȡڵĽɫ⺣
һɲǣƬɫ⺣ڣһɫû
ɫͻȻʼӣڹ⺣ڣ类ǧɫ߲ţţ磬
ͬʱǧ硣
͵ĵõ߲㣬У᳤Ȼѡ

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ͭǮԡ¥ʢѪĹ̨
Ԩ֮ǰƵһ裬ͭǮ˵һµЧںݿļ۸
ͭǮǵһΣȥ裬νᳵ·
˵裬ѯһЩ̫ĵطԨ֮󣬸Ƕȥ
磬ޫh¶ŮûԨһ
ޫh¶ȥһã裬ȥһЩܹĲϡ
磬ȥޣѪǺĹѪĶ
ңֻʣԨһˣǰĹ̨Ѫ
ԥʱ
ۣͷڵŮʣȰºͣȴʧϵ˵ԨҴȥ𴦣ȥѪ
֪ΪΣԨܵظеġ
ң֮Բ˵Ȱ˵ĸ߰۸񣬽£Ҳ¥ǰܴһ
á
Ԩͷһâǹ̨ס
и׼ǻȥıȽԶ
ûȡ·ڣ߽Ԩ֣ץҵ֡
ԨҲû룬סǰֻ֣֬΢ץһ񣬴
ֽյɲǣоλʷǿŮӵԿ졣
һ̣һֹͣϢĻܣͬʱ
ûӦоǱûѪ⣬ǣеʶͷԳС
ûµģȥѨڴ
˵ԨŰĵħԨûκιӦԹš
ûãԨͷת򣬲֪˼伸ˡ

֮⣬һǺӣǳſꡣ
ҫǺ£һ˺ѣӯۻĴء
ϣаɫĺһڵɽ֡
ǿֲǿսĺۼ˷磬ƺһϵս
ǺӶĴڣڴ˽һĴս

ԨŮˣڴ˷أһյľ޴
ɢŻϢĳѨŮʵִ֮ҡһ䣬ٳ𽡣
ͳˣһһɳ죬طǺӡ
ڻعݣ;Уʱܴڴˡ
˦Ԩ֣ͷķж£һͷٲ˿ȻȻ¶ŵߵκ覴õա
ݣ̫ÿ飬ʵ
Ԩԡ
ָѿĴأһΪƽԣǰڴˣӶǱ֮פڴ˵ɱȫ𡣴أҲ˶٣ڱѣҲˡ
ԨȻϸ;һ׳Ĺ֣ǽ⻮ɡ
Ҳڴ˿̣һֻϤѤȸ뿪֮ǿո֡
ǹУֻ޴ĲɫȸôôСĽ
ȸ
ԨȻʧɫ͵غͳ˱־롣
ȸζĴҲڲУ
˽Ū˵أΪ



һǧʮһ ۹
ȸһ̣ԨһģҲ˹ȵףͨ
뵽ľǣʼգ˺ûƲϵ
Ĭ£˳ƽ̻ͨڵ룬ʵϣ˻ߣ
פǧ磬ı
Ѩ潵ٺݴ磬ǱħڵԪţԷɡ
ô
Ԩ·𿴵ˣΪףȻڣħڡаڡ׶̺ǿһǧѨӿĻ档
ôԨͳˣ
ڵ̳Ů޸Ѩ
ҡ
Ԩſڣ˵ʧûϵԼһȣľȻǱѡ
ɵȵŮʧʧʱһ¡
㡭ʧʲô
Ļ˶ı䣬Ҳٰ㸴ӡ
ʧǣȻҡô࣬ı㣬㣬ԸǧĳŮƲƲ죬˳ŪеϷܶŶ

ʰ쵣̬Ŀȸչǣĵ̬ѣкɷߺȣ棡
ڴʱ˵أͻȻʧͨˣԨ𺧡
ľٶԨ԰ģʵܲԼ
㻽ˣôкڣȸ̫ˣԨ˽Թ˽䱸ҹðźܴյġֵ𣿻УӦҲ֪Һǰ̫·
Ρ˵
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ԨԺȻһ
֣ӦߣʲôΣ
š
ͷڸɺԵİϣ̻һܴӵķȼͿĨΪɫ
Ԩͷһͷ͵ش𣬶ʱֻ֪̻
ǿϵ񣬱Ȱ׻񣬲֪ƾ˶ꡣ
۷ǿһͳ壬̳ҲǱһֵ졣
ɫķԣд֣
۹壬ʱҲԱ
ԨϵĻ棬ӡĵףŮʱ㽫Щͼ֣һĨȥˣ⣬⵽ǵޡںأǻõһĺݱ档
˶٣˵ֻҪںݣôһеûܺȼ磬ûϣΪʮ񡣡
գɫĿȸ
Ԩ˼һ˼֪ôˡ
Ϊݵı棬ֻҪûֻҪʮȸ𽣬ʲôϯλȱҲûп;̤ռ
ΪһϮߵϯλαѳš
ȸΪżһĽ·Ȼʮ
λƺԶȻԶǸλš
ȸǰ֮·Ĵڣ൱ڱˡ
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ѪȸȻɫ
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Ϊʲô
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ǡ
ȸæѹƴ˷أۻǺܡԨڿԳԣ̨ڵĽƿȥѪˡ
ã
ԨͿȸ

ǧ磬һţڶؾʯĵá
壬ɫޣһεڿһλλ߹û̫ע⡣
һǰżʮӨ׾飬ڲ˸ĺ
ڴͣ£Щ飬
κͻȻתü
һȺŮȻð˳عͷʱųȻЦݣͷ촽鶯£ڻС㣬㻹ѽξΪһͷħҲҪȫ
ͫɫһ֡
ЦĸˣСĵ㣬ǧ˶࣬Ҳ֡Ҫǳ˴˷أı鲻̫õĻܻɱ㡣
ǰ㣬ͨѪ̡طҾֲߣܻɵ
ޣ԰Ϊеδ״̬
УڵѪøɿڣɱ¾
ޱ뷴һ䣬ͻ΢·֪ʲôЩӨ׾飬ҲûԹãҴȥ

⣬һϡѰʯϡ
Ϊ˵ֶǧ磬ڶǺսǷں̻ᣬȷǴֱʣС
ʬڵĴʯͣһڴˡ
Ϊħǽصĺ䱣ھΪվţЦ˵᳤˵ˣֻҪܿţɱ䣬Ҳȥǧ硣
ٺٹЦͲ̲סԨˣ
֪ûǸʱ򡣡Ц˵
ǲ£¡
һǧ磬Ȼ֪̻ʲôȻȥǧ磬ȻȫáǸҳԿ̫࣬ʵ̤ǧ硣ǲҳԨһǣ̳ء
ǰ˵ЦˡȻ
һû˵Цֲãҽݴ磬ң٣ҹͷӲк֣Ȼͱóˡ
ͣһ£˵ڵǧ磬ҵĸо̫ԣңܵĲ˵˵Ǻ̻ᣬǧʲô
Ǿٰһʢᣬǰˡһɫ
ǺһЦһֶš



һǧʮ 
ǧ磬̻⿪ٵζС
᳤üͷǰξӳճƬɫ⺣½أһÿõĻɫڶıħ֡
ؿ򣬽Ƭɫ⺣ľħ֡
е㼬ˡ
ðκ᳤Ťͷ˵֪ڣƬ⺣֮׼
ε˵ͷ
أ᳤ΣӦ̤ǧˣôûоĴڣ
̻ĵһ巣ſڻӦԸǧ硣
᳤һ£ڽ䱸ʲôǸ޵Ѿͷǧ磬Ԩⶼ
Ԩʱǡɲڡε
ţ᳤ʾ˵ȥ
ѪԺ¥ڣŮʴ롣νͣзĿռ𵴣Ҹ֪ˡŮʴȥδѪұ޴֪ӦڻѨݶȥ;ĳСء
已廰Ůʵ£Щ᳤֮ûװǽˣʵȻΪ飿
ˡ
᳤ܷģЦЦ˵巣Ҹһ£֮ԴˣǻѨ½ھͻᱻλΪжд̡
巰񣬺ѵȻ
᳤ףڻеĲ񣬺ǺصĵˡΪʲô˼סǰڣںңŸ
Ϊ֪Զܱɡںصʵ͵̣Ƕ֪ġ
ôһ˵巺Σٻɡ
Լʲô⣬Ҳ͸᳤һ˵Ԩиһº䱣˵ǧ硣
֪ˡ


ķѶϵ£йһԼķ侲ţԺ˼ƪ
ͻȻ䣬һѪߣܵһңԶѣӷ˿ϸǴ
ѶϵºȻһϢ񣬼еע
ѪڣмΪСҪеľ񣬷ģ֪ѶɣѶϵ¡
һޱϵǺУصİ

Ѷϵڼžңߴȵزš
֪ε峤λǿŷɥ
ΪһˣΰսʿΪܣȻĵأλߡ
ʹܹԷϳͣҲԷڵܡ
ȥһ޵ѾͷҵķԸԱ߼¡³֮Ѷϵ¿طȺеǷǹһĨȥ㰮ŮҲõ밵ĥµʸ񡣡
ȣгԽǱǼ壬Ϊҫǡ
ָʾ
Ѷϵ°ţ©һ֡
ͣѶϵºɣԼ飬һѪ߻Ӧ־

δ֪ء
鲼ֵĴأԨһЦǫ̃̄

ʵĹ̨ʱķѣڶ;â俪ں·УҲ˲ƻ
ǰѳ˶ڵϡ
һޱȵǰѳͷţԨǻѨϣ˶ʹȣ·ǰѳӰ졣
ʰ쵵ܹĻԨ֮ȸƯڹĻϿգѹһСء
ܹĻڣݾĳˣҲء
Կ
ԨţסǰĵƱâ͸˿˿ƵѪ룬อͷһĽƺҲڱǱӰ죬ֱӼڣеһ֡
һתšɷħƿѪ⣬ԡۼͻǣѣаء
ȻеһѪӶ˸Ӧ
УȭͷСѪ꣬һֻֻ۾ƶѪڵһʱ俪ʼ£
Ѫ꣬˴˻ţſɱϢ
֮⣬и֮ģСѪ㣬ڲҲвбɱ¾Ѫ
ϸӦʱѪʧ١
Ѿ޷پǱڵκζڶ̶ʱĪλѪԼȴȻ֪
ƺʹ˶ȱʧˡ
ʱ֣ȥ˵ĵ𣬡и飬㽫񣬻ֱ̳ӽ̳ѪСͷţ΢֮󣬽ڲ
仰Ԩ֣룬һǻ
羧ġ̳ѪСڣ̵Ư
ȸܹĻ⣬۾Ȼȣ˵еġ̳·ؼĹ屦
ҪŮʱڣһŶȡ̳˺ߡ
ԨҾ㽫꣬뵽̳ȽϺáڻξ޷ʶ㲻һڵġۼͻڴ꣬
˼˵У֮ʽ̳Ϊԭͣ룬ͻɡ
⻰һԨͷһ𣬰



һǧʮ ׼
֮δ죬һֱԨĴ⡣
ڴ֮ǰԨʼûͷҲ
ֱ˿̡
̳Ϊģ룬ҹۻĥ£ܵһص
Ѫļ̳̲Ű纣Ѫء
Դ񣬸ѪͻĽᾧǣŮǾ߽ڴһ£
Ԩ档
Ǿճ˵Ľ飬ȳһ
΢

ʶСض꣬δ뿪꣬ΪһӰȻüķɳ谭أ˲뵽ͣǻ̳
פУĸ֪У̤һʵĺ쾧ĥ̡
ḥ̂һתͻͶѪ⣬ѪͽǣѪ⾫ͻ
Ȼ󣬲Ѫ⾫;꣬ǿ̳ؼ̳ס
ʣµĲ֣Ѫ⾫עԨѪСأѪСسϣֻ֫ٺڷţǡ
жѪѨ϶룬ٳѨϡ
ľֱʶСأǿϴӣĳɳ
һ̳ȫǿ꣬ȷ
˿̣ں챦ʯġ̳зţεһ湹ʱգʲôܿȴ޷̳رóɣеģ
ʶܹ˵ǰ㣬ˡ̳Ϊ񡭡
ôһ̳ܻ壬ܱһսܹи첲ȣս̬
ǣֻţ˰ιۡ
Ůߴ١
Ԩ˵ͷֹͣ˺˼룬۾΢΢ʱֱ̳꣬ӳѪĵС
ಣ
һԨ궼Ӧ
ͨʱ֣̳һء
߸˶ġѪꡱ͵ܿͷѪⷭ
⣬Ѫɫ˸緱ǰ㣬ɢڸǧ֮࣡
̳͡ٿһִ˶ġѪꡱǧǧѪɫ˸ڿ־壬ڲڶʲô
֮ǰŵһѪʱȫͬ
ոգԴѪһУͱ߸˶ġѪꡱǧǧѪɫ˸ӣڼʱûüûü룬ͺͷϵжϡ
ڡ
š̳룬ִһͷصǿվޣһƬԵǺӣȥûǳԽУ
һ룬֪˶ѪꡱǱɵģǰ߸ˡ
˵ѪͻǣûšѪꡱ
ǧǧѪɫ˸߸ˣԦɱڶ顣
ҲѪһ룬ӶܱΪǧǧĹ˸
ЩѪꡱǧѪɫ˸Ȼȫھš̳
Ԩ˳ǣ¶һЦݣ૵ǿվޣȻʳ
ǡЦһ˫ǳҫĵУ˵ٴѪȥȥĥţȫһĸܡ
ԨԶ
̳꣬뵶֮һ֣ˡѪĵ½һѪ͸
Ȼͬǰ
ˣһѪ⾫͸̰ġѪꡱǧѪɫ˸Ե쳣İ
ǣɳ˿ͷڵѪʳ̳ǵ磬ǲһ˿Խ
ΪᵽͬϢ֪ڽѪ̳ͬԴ֮
̳ڲСأִһдݻ٣
ѪꡱҲãǧǧѪɫ˸ҲգֻҪ̳ʹ죬ȥᱻڡ
ǲ˰֡

ԨأѪ룬ĵ棬һ֯İѪƸ֡
ӽĵâɫ磬ɣڷ·һ
ѪڣܽڴģѪͻǡЩѪͻǣڡǣսʱȥͬȥûߡ
˶ƺΪϤɫ縡֣Խ͡
һӡ
ܱߵѪƣһСƬԨȻƣ۵ģɿ˵ȵҪѪ⾫һܳܵġ
ǵȻ
쵵ܹĻ⣬ȸһҲ뿴ǰǼˣĸóǴ򰾵ھޣ߾żû̳ȥ嵶еѪֻܷ꣬ѹͬʱѪ⾫еѪơ
ǻԶأ
ѵ
أԨֻˣ˷֮һûĵѪƣĬأȡһöѪԪ¡
ٴǬڣƿĲѪ

̳ڷ룬ϸˣ뵶еģһѪƣûбĨȥ
뵽ͷѪǳһ֣ٱѪꡱ
ƿѪ롰̳ʱع飬š̳֮󣬲ġ
ҪüΣأȥԨ
Ҫץʱ䣬㻹ʱ䡣֮ǧ磬Ȼоޱ䷢Ů



һǧʮ 
ǧ磬ⲿǺӡ
Ͷڻĺ䱣һʯϣٰȰ˵յȥǧ硣
ɻΪ˵ĿţȴţֻЦеأۣǲԸǧ硣
֮ױǿ󣬺ᣬ˵ˣҲ뿪ʹԣʱ̿ľٶ
ǧ磬ڱ䡣
һڣأʱǧһ۵ĿţûͷûԵأ䲻ôһ仰
֪ÿһ仰Ȼ⣬㰵Ըܡ
ԴĻ򸽽Ǻӣһֵķ籩ڶۻϴһա
κ󣬺Ȼɫ
ظӦ޴ڵۻ󲿷ֵļϢڱǧǣţĸѸٵػۡ
ʱԺȻȻˣǰһϢ
ģ߸Ԩڡ֮һǷأ䣬кܳǷؾ£
֮꣬ѡ򣬴һԨڡΪɸ飬ȷ˷ǺӵĺܣȱҪࡣ
ԣһأġԨڡ
ǸԨڡԭδĲӣǺӹĺܣȴʼǧۡ
䱵Ȼ֪Ծˡ
ңûϵֿ죬ٺٵЦš
䱰䱣ӦҲ˽һ㣬Ҷֻһֱġڣ̻ᣬʱû̫Ķ⡣
У۸ĺܵҲó򡣡
ۣȥǧ磬㲻ҡأֲΣҲδǰóȻκжԺ䱰Ͻȥǧ磬ڹͨɡ
һϯ󣬺üͷţһ£ͷ뿪
˺ܾúǲҡεΣĳһͻȻֹͣ
Өԣںڱâʱһʧ֪ȥ˺δ

ǧڲ硣
֣˷ýˣڻڣûʲô£Īˡ
ţȷʵһӾˡ
ⳡʢᣬҪܽʲôɣ
ڣ̻ͨڣôܳ쳣

ͬõĸǿߣаޣʱۡ
˵Ļ⣬ǧȻű仯
һƫԶʯǰ·ޣʼյͷκԵùƧ䡣
ǰǴһСңȥϢһ¡
һĪʹѪСشüͷ΢壬ǱᶳѪ磬һ״ġһγɡ
ˡǰЩӣ˳ΣȻ󲻶ϵأ֪Ӻδʼ£ܡ
ûͨûǺͻڽһ˱۰ߵġߡ
ڡԺĺɣʱŤңԺӿֵȻȫѹ顣
õ⣬ǿδ͵ġӭж⡣
ǣһĻŵڴǿڡڣ𽥵γɣԽԽԣԽԽǿ
˺ܾãʶڡĳ֣ܺھߵĹϹȣɵģսкеѪйء
һʹؿڴ̲ס죬
ڽ¥ǰԥһ£Ȼתλߴսʿֳ˵һ·ˣʲôԨ㣬ҵһһɣ
˵λзѶϵµ޽һЩǺӱصܡ
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ˣΪԨӦѶϵԼĳһ̣ЦԼǰڰ³ݼҵĲΪЩ
޹ء
ѶϵҲͣһۣᵽǹϢ
Щ飬ΪһλżѪޣȴ֪ܣ֪ڣڷʲô
ѶϵµУһ˿ͬ飬ȻѣȥԤ
˲ΪҪΪԼΪԼŮδı
У˭ں
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أôһ仰޽¥ȥʯģһССҡ
ڷѶϵ£¥ǰһС䣬Ĭ¡
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ǧڱ䡣
ҵ᳤о巵һ̣ھôһ仰
᳤鵭ȻԨ˵ǧʱӦ˰򺮾Ϣǧڱ䣬˵ǿڰ򺮾пѾִܵ
㣬ȫ׼һ
᳤Ȼ᳤֪Եɣһ㲻ԻңȻȫ֮ߡ
ˮڣǿڰ򺮾ˣ㰵ĺڰº͸Ҳη塣᳤ָָһξ㿴ڶıħ֣ЩɫҲƷ𣿡
׼ʲô֣ص
Һ̫ʼȻһЩš᳤΢΢һЦź䱿룬˵ߵˣ
䱺˺ߣû
ʱٿɫѿ
ʲô᳤ܵ
㰲ţӺԨѾͷ˿ڵ¥ѱڰˡţǿһֱҲİ򺮾ڣκȵ
᳤۾һϲȵúãҾڵ
ڵǣӱ𴦵ģʱΪǿնɿڡʹõģǲѨȻܳһζţǵĺܶǿԮ޷ʱִ
˻һ᳤΢΢ɫ£ǳˣ
͸ͻȻֵļС



һǧʮ ڰ
θߴ޽ʯվƫƧʯ¥ǰ͸ᡣ
ڵʯ¥һŨĺڰû
ڰڣܷӿţӡ
ּµİ䣬亱֪
˲Զģİ˼߼Ѫսʿڲ
ǵƵʣҲܵӰ죬óٻ͡
ѶϵԱߣ˵أһʬ塣
аˣŮмλսʿδ͸ģħ
Щߣͼǿڡ򺮾ƴմɹǰǰ޻ɱ
ѶϵµĴڣЩ˵Ĳִж̥С
µĺڰͺʯ¥еڱһжˡ
ܣ
ľ߱³ӵһ̳£ͼλԺյˣִڴˣʱʧС
Ѷϵվӿĺڰǰйž޲·֪ǵĵ
㣬㲻£
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ˡ
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ºһص˵־롣
µġ³ȵ
һˣ󳷣עʼշǶʯ¥

ֺΣŷȻûȥѶϵ£Ƭµĺڰ̽ʵޣǽˣ
Ѷϵ³Ĭԡ
΢һü밬𣿡
Ѷϵɫ䣬ԥһ£ɳƴ˵ڹ;УϢ󡣱Ǹʲôˣֹˡ
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ѶϵµȻ⡣
ڹϵĴ˵У棬ڰˣͰصϵ
ǣһĴĺܶˣС޷̤㰵򣬿ѪȺԣӦ
֮ԻΪޣӰ뿪濪֦ɢҶ
Ǻһ޸棬ܲĺ
己ܣܹñ˶ϡٵޣӵи˿ڣγɸǿս
׶˾ǣǺӵޣӦ
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Ѷϵ£ȻΪһλͳܶսʿĽİĥ£ʵʧܵġ
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֪˿̵ʯ¥棬޵ԼѪУһ˺ѨϣѪƴնɵġѾΡ
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Ѷϵĵ͸һͻгڰսʿ½½أǿڡ򺮾
ǵҲ̤ǧ磬ɴսʤ
ѶϵͻȻ񷣬ҫȵĹâˡ
±ɫǧĽڣʼ仯
̧ͷգżѪսʿھĴޣܸоǧڣ纣ˮûźܡ
ǧڲģǺеģڶĺɡ
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һӴսŨ̺ͻУ׷׹塣

ңԶİ½
ԨһѪ⾫˳ĵν롰Ѫ
ǰӵʼѪɫ·ܲ򵶼죬֮
Ѫɫ·ڣƳۿѪɫ˸
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Ȼ䣬΢ü
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ʲô˼ԨȻ
˵̻ͨˣڵˣ޷𴦡ǺӶɿڡ˺һʱʹǧ硣ͬģǧ˺ҲѨ˲תߡ͡

ͣͣ鵭ȻأٴοڣңӰ졣ȥȻܴ㣬һϢطǧ硣
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ҿȥˡ
ȸڰ쵵ܹĻ⣬ⷬĲˡ
ҲãñȥˣҪȫĶࡣ˺Ľ顣



һǧʮ о
һšѪԪԨС
䣡
Ũҵ˺ͿȸĺƵѪܣеĻɽԨอ籡Ѫ档
̳ڡȸѡ
ǷҪ̳
ԭŵԨվͻȻȫ߷ɷħԼΪ룬ܱ˲γһų
ͷһۣǰ쵵ܹĻĽɡ
棬𣿡
ȸӣͻһشٻɫ磬ſչƣͼͷ׵ʹѸչڶ̶ʱڣһֻľ޴ȸ
˵ɡŮһ̾
ȸɰΣŷһ˺յ
ɫܹĻʱʧһգ޴ڵӿۻܣӰ˷ۡ
ͣͣ
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꣡
˿ֲҵ£ԨһЩΪĹͷ˶ѡ
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׶ĵĴʹʶСص𵴣ĹѪ⣬ڷϸ΢ı仯
Ƥ⣬ҲΪܲסЩۻܣӶѡ
ʱڣԨѲݺύ˺ۣϣѪע˱üΪɲҡ
棬Լǹݵġ
ȸһֳЩη
Ҳˣɷħ߷£γɵǸУӿûţǺӵۻܡ
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Ůʿһ֪ԨΪˡ
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ڣǺݵֽǿ鿪ʯ֮Ųƿ׿˺Ҫ̤ƽأǵ뷨Ͳǵõ鿪ʯ
ԣҴһ壬ǵ޽Լ
ѩ˼·ȷأԨΪλ
˵꣬Ԩ룬˹
ΪȺΪȣѡ޿ɺǣֻ˺Լ棬Լʧȥһ汦



һǧʮһ Ψս
ڰ˵ʯ¥һմجоѡ
Ż֫壬ž죬пָ׸ǴСĺѪǣؼ̲ѩ塣
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ģ⣬麮ע룬һӽˡ
꣬ͼûļħда֮󣬻ż˸ꡢꡣ
ٺط֣״̬ȻԾ˵ٶڱá
ָоֻҪٻȡһЩǺеĻϣ֮״̬
ڶ׶ˣȱݣΪǳֲجΣ̥ǰϴܡ
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ʱֱӣ֪ǰ
ھĻֺ빬ЩսкУɵİ߲ѪѪħ嵱峤׿˰ص
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Уͻ̧ͷ⣬Ŀһ̣ƺ͸˱Өڣ
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ʬһ㶡
ûоưǺӵʱҲ޷ǼλĿֲ˵ʱۣ㿴ҵڻǲȥǧ磬Ϊʲôûװ

᳤ͣ巺ʹľżǿߣšѨȥʱ᳤ԸڡѨϵģһĸˣҲ෴س롣
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˺Ԩ޸ġѨѱŨľڰûİܣһͷͷĺ˷ȥ
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ûعǧ磬ն̨еĺǿ鱾ѵġ򺮾ȻҲˣͨ޷򿪡
ˣйȰ˵һδεȥȷѡ񡭡
һ̣ãһַʽĹƻգ
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ڰޣţ˻Ũĺڰ԰ĺܽϨ𣬿ɻʹĲϹֽС
ޣһɱΪǶҵѨû֪һ
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ܷ񸴻Ҷ֪ԸϣΧĸᾫӢҲ֮ȥ
ŮĮس롣
ʮǰĲ񣬱ʮ۷ѪǿߣΧŹɱڴˡ
Ǽߣģõģ˲󴫳УҪѭԸǰ徫

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ЩޣΪǿ󣿡
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ޣֻ֮һڶ̶̵һУǱѸٽѪҪǿ󡣲ȻδѪȽĻ硣һ̾ޣȺٷ֮һռ
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һ䣬ԦѪֱ޶ȥ
һѪɫӰĵâ˶ɵľ޴Ѫߣ·Ҫһ̣ͽҧƬͷȥ
ˣɱԼδޣ
ԶһˣһĻؼ
ĮƽؿĵҾ֪



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Ҿ֪
˵仰ʱɫĮûһ˿
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һܣԨնѪס
ӳ¾ɣƬƬ͸°߲ۼķƣȻҫԨ۾һƬ̵ʧ
Ӧܵʱ㿴ȵĸףվǾ޴ܺ档
Ѷϵ鸴ӵأеԷһЩ¶ż㣬Ƿε˵Ǹּ⣬Ҫһ
ܵһѪ߰ĵâҲһ
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ɴѪɵһأӷѶϵ±չδɷħٽ󶦻ȥ

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Ѷϵһܣһץޣһɣǰġ̺
̺ѸٷţˣܿڡѨĺڰҲ֪
Ѩǿڣʮġ򺮾Ȼź
ӣǻ۵ĹâҫտŴ󶦣Ŷڵƺкܶ໰˵
ռɷħӵſھޣħħսʧȥļҲѡ
˵ڵĺԼ˭ˣ֪˺ܶ¡
аܣǿľٴͻƵŴ󶦣Ԩͣ£ĵ˵ĽãھĺԨڣȥǽ򣬸ϡ
ޣİ֮£Ϊ˶λħ
ڣһЩ꾫ĺܣӨǣĶ֮壬ɶᡣ
ħΪһѵǣҪԺнס
һ䡣
ǿڿסġ򺮾һ׹ûںڰ
ȡ֮ģһĴϷѩŻҰɫĳοʯϵoһʱչȽ١
ʯڷѩĽųޱߵĹԣͷȹ̿ռ䣬ı
ʦ
ʽŮںڰıأû
ͷ𾴵ĴϣԹıȡڽ£ʹħ׿ˣ˶ǧ֣Ÿˣ񣬳ϣʼѹ֡
ŰԨķӣսбȺǿߣֻܱսˡ
ʱ󳷵ڰսʿԽսԽͣÿÿعڰڶʱָսȬƣٴ¶ʱӵ˱
ңвǿߣڰڰܸǵս
Щսʿûʲô³Ҳδܳ
ڰһڣ˴󹦡Ѫ׵żҲһϯ֮λѩɫȺ͵أźڰ߽ǵѧ˵ʯĻع飬٣Ҷˡ
⻰һأͷ
󲻾ãڰû
ڰڣǵս⳷
׸߿մֳ壬֮գɽبţһӰϪܻˮ֮ٱħĽ
еıħ֣һӲ
ߣ
һߴİ׽ޣӺڰ̤Ͷһ˰ǹ
ǹһƿգ;磬һӴ̴ɽ֮ϣ
ű۵˻˻Хţҡֲ𵴿ڶ顣
ɭɭ޿ڣҲȻҧסǸ˰ǹޣһҧǸʥȼĳǹʹ˶ѿ
ҡһ䣬ֻ˲Ϣǰ׽ǰ֡
úûһ㡣
ѵĳǹУΪһ顣
ԨҪҪݣ
ʱŮʵԨȻ
Ԩ̧ͷǾ޴ġݡǿֲսһƬƬĹ棬òٱħ֣սʿ໵عֽС
Ҳа壬Ů塢ܲͻ潦䵽
˵Ӱڡݡ֮أԵ쳣
ǧĲпɱ·ûʲôӰ죬ƺԼİΣκεǿߣչɱ
Ѩ𽣬ڻعص;С
͡ѨϵӦһǼ䣬Ͱǧ磬ֱתƵѨڣ޾κ⡣
ˡԨҡҡͷѪɱıħȺ
ݣݣ
ͻȻ䣬ڶʬŨʬƺƵɱ
ϼң



һǧʮ ѹս
ҵľ棬Ԩ񱶸ѹ֡
һ£ͻȻǰţѪһЩıħɱ¾
꣬ϵţɸѡĿꡣ
ԼɷħվڶڣһĹҲ̤붦Уô󶦻߿նȥ
ʱ󶦱͡ݡƽ
˺ˣһĬصͷȥǧĴء
һǧ羳򣬱ڰǣʣµĴأпУŸˣ˼ߣӱħ֡ʬսʿ
ÿһڽŲҵսÿһ̣
Լ侲Ԩ۲սǰľ棬ע⵽᳤ֻ̻ͨǲϵ´˳Զ롰ѨˣȴûŴƽڣ뿪
ӨĽڣɭɭȷ̡
Ԩô˽ڣ᳤ΣͰǿߡ
ڸ𵽵ã߼Ͱ˼Ѫ壬񼶱ߡ
ڵľƿҪ̫ãɰӿĺڰܣûǧء
ʱ޵սᱻ£
ӦģڰеȺսᱻһء
˳֮£ǧĸˣϮİɱģټϲ̫ܰӰıħ֣ڶʬ
᳤һҲҡ
Ȼ䣬ԱߵġݡУ˳˵ԨȻʱһק
ɷħȻ뱤ݡ
ɻԨ뿪ɷħվԣͰ磬ޫhȵ˵˵ͷҲע᳤
᳤ڰУֶϷָ
ָӸˣʲô룬ͣ˸ñ³ǿߣָس롣
᳤ɫݣƽÿһ仰·Űĵħ
вͣǧ磬޺ħֲкЩߣȻܵΪȻת֡
ԨһᣬҲ֡
ڵȴʲô
ע˺þãͬƳ˶ߣԼĴ⣬о᳤ڣıʲôڿģֻħ׿ˣƣǵĳС
ں̻ͨᣬΪֹûչκ
Ȼϳ
λѪ̵һνͤͤأվԨͳԣһ˫ʯ͸ҫǵĹâҿ˽⣬һƬѪɫ󣬸Ǵħ׿Ӫ
⻰һԨԽأžӨڡ
ʲôҲûƼ
ֹһƬѪɫ󣬻ֳͷģ򡰻ݡһ档
һ棬ҫǺ֮쾰Ĺܣƾ
ͷȻһƬѪɫǧ
ѪɫֻǴӹȥԨĶǣԼڵ̳ҲѹƣᱻûĿ־塣
붼룬֪ƬѪɫڣȻŴħ׿ˡ
һ׿֮ģƵġ̳
ٿ⡣
һаָͷһԨĿһڲ䣬ֳһֻ޵ľ㡣
˾㣬ǽҼľԭʼ̬
ڣеľ㣬Ȼǧ綼ԴһأƺǾſڣһܹټһǧ磬ֱ븹С
⣬𣿡
ȣ¶ͭǮˣںԶԶһ£ȫ𾪡
ǿ̬˲񴫳еŮʣһԳ˼ɵ˵ģԴڲϼУǿ̬ǧҪ屶ҡ
ڻ޵ǿվ޵ս͹ҹ
˵ʹǽķǺӣﻹûܹʧȥȫָ
ָͷһǰĹʧл治
Ԩɫ˼
ʱѸţӡѨӿİܣأռǧ罫֮ĵؽ
ܶȨǿߣڲ֪
ԨԸɭ֮ӿɵ£ֻɱػأڶħֺʬΧɱͬΪ峤ϵ櫣Ϊ巵ĴȣŰȻ˳Ƭɭ֡
أ̫̫ıħ֣ʬսʿʹڰ֮⣬Ҳռ˾Ϸ硣
ǣѨڵλãŨĺڰδûա
һĴϷѩſʯϵعͷţӽԡ
£ޱߵ⣬ɢ
Ǽƣڽʯڿһµ硣
Ķ棬һʲôܣ
غȻڡݡĿи֣ѼħġѪ̳ߴħڤɣ̳ġħ̥ڣӿ˼ֱҪѪĻܡ
ЦǺǵģȻ֪ͷֵ̫ϷŪ㣬Ͳ
Ҳ뵽ƬڰðգҲòն̨Ԩ͵˵
ˣҺ˵һ仰΢Ц
ʲôԨü
һ̣Ϳ촽鶯ȴû
ֱ˶˵Ǻӵ飬ҲУն̨ߡ
仰ԨʶСأ¡¡
ӡڵģһ˸Ʊǿըѿ
һɳǧԶϢƺҪڣľ޴̬ĳϵĸա
ۣ
ڿʯϵķѩͻȻһѪĪػȥ



һǧʮ 㣬ʸ
һ壬ʢĴϷѩԼѪС
ǿѪǾűϣ쳣ӣļУҲʳѪ
ѪҺΪɫ΢Сâ
㾧â͸飬ãǳڵܡ
ڻҰɫεĿʯϣǿһͬʯźͨȴޱȵȹʱա
ֻǣǿԴڷѩʯ˿̾ȻųţʵѪ
ݡеĳˣմأϸȥ۲죬ܿӷѩѪ𣬱һ㱡ĻҰ׹ĻӷѩʵѪͷѩˣʯ֮⣬ƺѩ˺ѪմȾʯ
ѩ״˵עĿ
ΪʶɵĺôҲò
ӣʱڣûǴ󲿷ǧصİܣڷѩһ̣Īͣ
ڰٶȣ˷ɢ
Űܵӣһ·߸ͽİ޾ţױƣ˶
õָʾӰޣͣһǰس
ǣŰû֮أɹ˿ص׼
ѨϷİУͨ˼ޣΰˣе㶡
ע⵽ѨϷĿռܣĺϢѸټˡ
᳤
ʼպ᳤һСĵأųѨϢı䣬ɻʵʲô
ʱ˿̣ǧ绹ûбܸǵĵؽ磬ʣķ֮һ
ħֺʬΪϮߣں͸ˣڵаޣԶĴս
籴³£櫰ǻͨ͸ߣ޶ֵĽõƬ̴Ϣ
һѪûµ裬ҩ֭һ߿᳤
᳤ɫ糣ûϲҲû̫ڴȻսϵÿһ仯غȫ֡ڵı仯ǡǧģָܻ׼ӭµĥѡ
ݡеİ磬ޫh¶ͭǮˣؿԨ
ǣȻûطģֻԨĻ
ǻǱܵؾãѩĻ˿ڷĹ䣬ΪԨ
ͦεԨǣ泯ƬޱȺڰڰһأնͣĿʯ
Ԩһ˫һ̣ͷųݵĲȻâ
ǲȻâͿʯģһޣ
ҷصĳȹڴڷ˳Ȼڴ˿̵Ԩ棬ع£бǰƴ磬ʹͷһĹǣԨĤݡ
ûֻƬ˫ֻǲϲ
жð硢ޫhƶŮµͫҲ¶಻Ĺ
˭֪Ϊɷħ֮Ϊһ̣ķʽԴԨ
ڶԴԨķʽģѹһ¡
˵ĸо·Ĥݣȥһˡ
ƾһڰ򺮾ʹ˹Ҳûĺܣڶʱûǧ硣غٺһЦӣµھ޴ġѪ̳οҪ԰ܣȥӰǧĽڡ
ûбĶæи׿˰Ҳ
̧ͷָ˽ܿİӨӨĽڣȣӶİܣûʧʵأܵأ뵽˽Уγ˸̵ķ
ǰһУСߣ뿪
ǿѨڰûڰӣİ޽١
Ϊն̨
ҲʯƺΪն̨Ϊֻǿʯն̨Ļ߱ðǧͨ
һʯͺñһû죬ûǧĴĥ仯Уôܷգ
ʯǾλնɱһͷͷ񣬽Ӵ˴̨Ҳûΰӳ֡ӰܹͨǷѩն̨ڣʮʱ֮ʮĺ˪ܣ
λϴӵնֵ̨ԶԶĿʯ
һ壬ûκԺڵն̨ᲢۣѩҲ֪һ㣬ŻҪˣԸ壬ҲҪ˹͸׿˺ıն̨
ؽʵ࣬ؽ¶˳
һʼߣ˵ʱԽԽˡ
Ҳʹòֹǡݡǧ·ķ֮һδڰûĸǿߣͬˡ
дڣͷĬ̬
ȻһЦƺҵĹעǼ˵
ܿϧѩΪն̨ΪȵѪܶƼ֮뵱ȻΪԨ˶ΪŮһõն̨ãԨûеõκεϿɡ
س˳ŪڽĿ⣬һԻеķѩ
ӦһʵȵѪܶõĽֻһЩԭڿʯԿ̣ӡģλΰܺ˿
ʱ֮ͺ˪ֻΪֻλԼʬ֮ԨߣԼѪ迪ʯ˶һЩܣټϲĳѨɽǧͨ׳١
ɣҲˡ
ҡͷȻǹ۶ͲǵĶͲҪ̫Ȼᱻεġ

һλûκμУθߴɫİ׽ޣӡѨڵĺڰ̤ϰա
һеİޣȻȻؿ
³£櫡ǿߣɫ΢䣬һ
λüͷ˵Ѫеķѩǰſȡ
ĺڷѩڣڷѩĻ𵴣÷ѩӻ״̬Ѹؾʶڼ󣬱ۡ
Ǳ
վںڰ֮ϣŸѪ̳Ĺ㣬ӦúЯսȴԸݵСΪ츳ħӣ㲻е𣿡

ش״̬վ
ֻǺһ޶ӣĶͻȻʼǡ
úΡġѪ̳һӴʡ
Ϊɫӿڡ
־֮ضеϢгϫţٲµħؿ־塣
Һͺսʱٻֻһͯй̤أڶ˼ޣʹ׷ɱľ߳Ǻʱ˹ı£սû
˵һ᲻٣ʸ𣿡
һŬҲڵѪΡ⣬ٵļޡļޣҵڽʱѾɡûĽ½أҺ͸׿һѾǴħˡ
ƾ㣬ʸƽƽָֻţ
һǳ⣬λ̤ڰİ׽ޣȻĬ
ûκ¼ףȴȻ̵ӣ˹Ĵ٣żѪ۷壬óͳӡ
˧ţɸ˵սǱһ
ȻսȺսǿߣŻᱻݣܵõϿɣʸǶΪ
˹˵ںأɱСӣǼ̳ˡ
λӵʶʮ۷ѪǱʸҲ˹֮ǿߡ
Ǵ١
Ǳļⷽ棬δЩУѪռڣֻǾż۷塣
ܣһ
£е֮ʹִӹŸף֪ⷽ治᷸
ؽ˰̣ҿ֮˶Ĭˡ
в֪˶ôľκˣɫȴû̫仯ǿķѩʲô
ѩеãȻգۼȥǻ۹â֡
λһĳϣʶأĴѰ΢أˡݡ߽ǵԨ
ԨУˣͽ¿ʯųģһģһĻâ
дڣ΢ʱһĻĻ棬ո˵ǷҲһӿ
ʱ΢΢һǼ䣬֪һС
ݣԨ
ðκΡΡأ֡
ݡϷͦεԨ˲˵ĿעӣһԨԹĤݵ
ۣͬΪħʣܹĺ䱣ɫЩ졣
ڣѾЧҵǣе쳣Ϥ
ǵʱͭ޹ǰҲǱԷҪȥġ
䣡
ն̨ȻһһͷľҪ
ѩն̨춯շѪĽอ˲̶ͬȵ˴
ٲȻɫǸߴڵײն̨
һɻأ˺ѵӾż۷İ׽ڱѹǿ鱩ն̨ľڰ䡣
˶ܿٵĽţأٴС
ӣʶʯ뿪Ǳ˵ûǧˣع·ܶѡ
һǧͰͨ˶ѣôûк޵ִ
ǣȻĬĬžƷչĸףҲ˲Ϣִ
ߣò֧ԮΪ¾



һǧʮ ֮
ԨʶСС
ԡķʽţż˸Żǵ仯Ŵ˷쾳֮졣
صʣأƮ
ţδϴӴĥȥ
ɵػ꾫ܱɣҳӵãŰĻܡ
꣬δɱΪȴҲ򡰻ۼͻľϻ۶
Ψ꣬ûоκξϴ򾳽粻㣬ҲﲻȥĦԪʸ
Ȼڴ˿̣ʼб仯
ݶʣ֪Դǿն̨߮Уáȡġ
նеܣ
Ϊ֮ʱͿΪõ꣬ʼ䣬һ޴ޱȵͶӰٱ
ΪһھǺԣޱ޼貹ҫꡣ
̵ظһɳǧĻʶؼһǺͷƺҪѹ
ļºͲӿͷ
Ȼ䣬ǰһоͼ䣬Ʊһ˫֣ĵĨȥ
Ԩܶ಻Ҫ̣ǻججػꡢδĹҲƺȥ
Լ䣬һָо
껯ľ޴꣬ϵ׳ǰΪ棬ΪԨڶҪļ;֮ޡ
Ϊ͹޷Ǹ꿹⡣
Уһһ
һ̣ʶһң֪Ϊο־֮صԴͷôһ
Ҳ˲ľΣܲ˵һҵѣ
Ǹѣ֮ǰĺ棬һԨ˲ĨеһжòҪûκ塣
ǰҩΪҩļ̣·ֻһС˻ֵһᡣ
һĻججڶðպĥ£ݼŵĻӰ
ǰֿ氲еļ˪תܵȺͱѡ
һݼӵݣԯ磬صսԵˣԵһҶԣϿһΣĨȥˡ
ǸѣңǺ壿

ӿ֣ʼȥأǸҵѣ
ԨֻԨµңΨһģң
ԨܽΪʵһԨǺ棡
ڵңûûǸ磬ȥܵһҡ
ҿԵһȣ
ǿ󵽣ܳǸҵʱٻǸңȥĹ
Լһ߸ԼϴԣһǿбԼֹת
꣬һ˫ȻԲȻǲ׳ţҪɿǧңҲ˶ͣ¡
磬ֹͣɢİܡ
ն̨
֪˶ã߽أ
䣡
ͷųȫò׽ǿʯ³䵽ڰе٣ӲǱʱķ
ˣУѶϵҲң
ڰУӵ
޷̽ĺڰΪܵķѶϵ£ܻİ׽ޣںٺȥѹն̨
ӿĺڰУռ俦죬ƲظҪѿ
ڶھڰصģӰսʿ죬һҲ
ҲףǷڰĿռ䣬һѣζǻزȥ
Ԩ
ȻԨ
ѵڵıͺ֣
ĪĿ⣬ˢˢԨϣһֱ۲ĸǿߣ;巰ĴڣȻ֪Ϊ૵ն̨ķоǺصԡ
ȻõնߵĴУ
ޡή֮ϯɫޱȵĸӣŵͷϵԨеİ
һ˺ͷεǧٹһײһǧٹЦǲܺãѺԱ˰ɣ
ڿ־֮أ֪ͬ죡ǧٹһ֪˵
ͼʩطҡͷ˵ԣϢԡ
᳤
̻ĵһ巣᳤վڰգеڶɻ󣬺һӿ
Σ֮ףҲ᳤
Ƕţͭ޹׵ˣֱӶԻε᳤Ȼ֪ô£֪ʲô
᳤ȻһЦûǽͣӿĺڰ٣ƾǵǿƲסն̨
·Ϊ˻Ӧ
ںڰն̨Ŀԣʱ֮ӿģڰļǿҰɫʯ͵سڰ
ʯ͸Өڲ̲ϼԡ
ÿһڴ˿̣ȥֱն̨ߣǶӿ棬оԼһʱһۻ軨ƺϾҪˡ
ն̨𵴳ʱܣԽԽң˿Ƶס

˺Ȼʱն̨˰ľڰԨŶ
еİޣն̨뿪ǿҵĿ־Ͳ
ȵĴϷѩϵؿѪѰж˲дȴӰ첻ն̨ȥ
ط֣ɿʯն̨ʵʲôˡ
ڵȷһװ
ǹȻСڣҲС᳤٣Ȼ
һǧͨЩزȥޣĲһʤǣûӳ֣ǵսҲǿ޷ܣ
ҿǴô
Ҵĸˣǿն̨ԨԽԽ
ǿն̨ڰʱһֻϼƾճ֣һץסŵն̨
ն̨ٿؾֹ
˳ֻ󿴣˿һģͨߣĲԸߴȴ˰С
ļ粿ϥǺⲿ̣ѾѣȻΪӲס
޵ĳϺģûʲôͼ磬ż䲻ۡ
¶·Ƥ⣬ǽ˰̣һƬƬһشأ޴ڡ
ƺµȫսĺۼûһ⻬
˹

غı³᳤巣һĳĬУȴƽ֣Ǹνǽɵ䡣
˹ǺеǿڶԪУѿеӲͷ

䣡
޺ХĻ쳹ǧ
ӺڰУɽ󣬴ӱݵʯ¥ãÿһ˵к¡¡
˹ߴ󣬿ÿһλУ޵սΡɽ
ܺ
ѩ
ϵٿһ㷴һץ
һĴϣپռ䱻̣ȷӦʱͼԼ˹Сһ㣬ץסն̨
һָѩͻһ⣬ն̨
ҰɫĹĻҪѩĲָ֫飬ͼɫѪ͸ն̨
΢΢ۣѩѪÿʯԭ
Ƭ̺
֮ǰͣӵľڰһӿ֮ǰҪ죡



һǧʮ ƽޣ
ǺըѰĿֲ˹Ǿڣӿֳ
䣡¡¡
ǧ翪ʼضɽҡʵɽȻѣƺǧд͸ѳϿȺ͹֡
ڰ֮⣬ڰڲͬʱǧ̤˻֮·
ֻ˹ն̨һԣųĿĽɫ⣬׷ע뵽ѩѪڵ̨档
ͻȻ䣬ǧĵصһľΪâ
޲ضԱħ֣ʬиҴˣŶϮɱ
գۼ䣬вħֺ͸Сߣ
˼ɹأ׷ԶڰأħֺʬľӿԽԽСҵ
ڰĻɢڼʱڣټһǧ磬ֻ֮һϽδڰûˡ
˹ն̨յõƬϾһЩɵˣ类ͷŵһͰˮ
˿̣˹ԷѩȵѪΪԿףԼ͸ն̨ڲ
ѪΪӣʯܣʱ֮ͱ˪֮
ն̨ڲСУһشذɫظڿС
ڣǧƵĽɫ飬ɫ磬ͺ֮
Ťҵʱ֮Դʮ˪ɭ⣬ʱѵ졣
СصľӨǣţ뵽ɫ
νڣֻȳ֮ļ룬ʯЯֻܱȺѪͼ
ʱ鲻ɼΨǿܿĺڰ
Ѩڲռ䲨ȻӿһɵĤ˲ײƿ
ѨϷǿڱʮġ򺮾ź
ǳ£šѨĿӡ
˹ģʱ֮뵽ѨڲӰС
˪Ĳд뵽򺮾ӹľ
Ѩں;ڹͨռΪһ壬±ι
ǿھƺһһռ꣬һ׼ȷ·
ĴڣϢڲͷŹ⣬ðޣնʱ֪ʲôǰС
ݣ
Ȼ䣬һλսףİޣͻأڳѨ

һѰ˹Ӱȿ֮󣬱ܸߺȡ
֮һޱߺڰ޷ƵɱϢӳѨµĿռߣĳϣȻɫ
⣡
߱³ᵽǹɱϢǣȷ˹ĲǷǱȫ潵٣ûڣǿǧ磡
ǶȻڵִ;Уֵ˹Ȼˣ
䣡
һ޴Ļƽսλ֮Ҳ뵽ǧ硣
ɱϢΪƽսҪǰһйǧ磬ô˽У׷ڰȥ
һĻ׳۵ĳʹγɣ಻Ϊ֮𺳡
ǧУޱߺڰڶȸţҪع鳲Ѩ

վڡݡеͭǮǶ֮ϵģһööǮͭǮȻȥ

ܶߣˣֳֵıУʥֻҪǽɣȻǣţڰȥ
ƺһͷ̽ޣûһн
һʱ䣬ڶྪʹڴϢ
ͭǮĽ֮Ȼѹƣܵĸо
ãֻҪƽսײһ£֮壬ͻᱻ񣬻Ƕᱬ
˵˹սˣֻսɱɱϡ
һʧظУ˿̣ҲԨз
ֱһ㣬ΪѪͬǣţ뵽ڰ
Ҳž죬Ҳǽ֮ҲһӰ졣
ûڰʱлӣ˲䱻ϣҲ޴Ӹ֪ĴںͶ
Ȼ䣬֪ݡӹˣɿ˳һ¡
޶ԣû̫
İ˻ǶܱŨĺڰԱ˶ԣ˵Ĵ⡣ظߴͬʵġѪ̳Ȼ˵ѪʵǱҲͺڰ޹ء
ǿӦڰӦеѪҲ˶䣬Լ
ޱɱĽǺӣһнΪáеУܱӰʧءս壬ǿĽС
һ꣬еأͻȻ᳤
ǧķڴ˿̣Ǳ߬סŤһĪ䡣
ֻеУףߣͭǮѳûںڰȴֱһɹţأӾڰ·ɳǵ˶ȥ
ߣĸӿյʧ䣬Ϥʱּ㵸
һ޴Ļƽػƣǧɫţظա
գ貽ⱬʱһŽɫգ˺ڰຣ
·ҪɽӴأͿĨɽɫǧ磬ɽ֭ˮ硣
޵ھĴޣ漰ظӦ˷أڣڷı䡣
̻ͨϻ᳤˿̾Уһ˫ɫͫͷųѣĿĹâ
Ŀ⿴֮ĺڰҲӰ죬ܼ졣
ӿĺڰǻƽգӲӽţͣԭء
֣Ͼͱûĸǿߣߣֻһ
Ǿδأһһ᳤
һĵ峤ƽսƥɱϢǧĽڣ뵽Ǻ
һǺݴʷߺͼ־̻֮
ҲǺأһɽߣԪʧܣȴȻٴεִھ۷Ĳۡ
ǵ棬ȻȻأ˵עĿ
ǧ磬Ȼѡ˷صĴȻͱܱ󡣡᳤Ȼ򶨣΢Ц˵㣬ǧڣҲΪΪ
𣿡
˹͵һЦ
һ̡
ԭС˲䱩ǰٱһλأ֭ˮ͵Ļƽޣһ˲䣬ƽս
ƽһ֣дӰսʿ۸ߺ
̤ƽսƤսһµ˹Ӻڰг
ڡѨϿգŸڻƽ᳤Уȼɫˮĵҽ̶
أһĽɽ汻Ϊˡ˹ϧԪĽʧˡ
һ䣬ĺڰɳǧ硣
صĽѪӰ죬ڡѨʮֽţһûĴС
ո뿪ŷɵյǧףìУƬڰӿȥ
ۣۣ
вѪԻǣߣ˶Ѫɫ԰׵ĵء
ͭǮҲˡ
һƨڵϣֻ壬ûѪֹǿؿڴѳϸѺֵۣ˵ûꣿǶƴͨ츳αǣˣ
ԨŤͷһ£ˡ
ûŮʱ»㣬ȥľͲǼͭǮˣ֮壬˹Ӱ죬ӻ뿪Ҳ
ԨĳһööͭǮȥʱ˾˾׼
ȵ᳤ƽǧĲã׼õĺ֣ʽʱ˾֪ûô򵥡
ݡǿ˹ƽսڶֵǣ
ڣҪΪ᳤ıȡһϮλʱ򣬽һЩͷҪ˹Ϊ̾ͳһ֮·᳤ûѪͳǵںݱӦ޷ƺصλƾʲô
سĬԶԣֻ£λʶҲ̣޷ش
ۣ꣡
ͬʱѪ͸ͼǧɷ֮紦ڻʱգȻȭĹŻ಻Ǵ͵ΪӣȥһֲֿϮ
ʮɸߣðɸߵľħ֣ͫкɫѪŨ
һƬѪ֣˲ͫһɰѪܾʹ˻ħֵս
׿ˣ
΢С糾ͣڱʱձһڲŤռ䣬͵
ǧɷ࣬ʱɢԱ̬¶
أŴǧɷ֮Ҳ˳СҪһµľħ֣ڸҹˣ
⣬ƬǵأܹǧѪģС֮һ
ʧѪɫȻ˾ħڣ˴ħ׿ˡ
ֻ֮һѪɫȻڣʱջħֵ˲ع磬ƮȻȥ
˹Ȼȫ潵٣ҲҪʾһ³⡣ħֵĸ׿ˣŻƽսϵһЦѹ㾡ܷȥɰɡ



һǧʮ ս
ݡеԨɫƽеʻâҲȻû
ڿʶСأôиյһңǽγɵľ޴꣬ҲŻâȥ
ƺûչֹʲô쳣
ѨĺڰϿգ޴Ļƽսԣն̨˹ѹţһλ䡣
û赲ǿն̨ڰҲûܽӽ
һ̣Ԩ⵽صǣݳһЦݡ
Ԩ㶣вԽأһ⡣
شǾ仰ļ˸ը㵼УһҾѡ
һңû˶ѣߵĿģʵѴﵽ
ǵ춯ʶն̨ĶʹӰգһӿ޳Ϊ˹¾
٣Щ׽ޣ޷ֹն̨뿪
һն̨ȥըѿҪضûˡ
ҲڰĬĬ̬ܱѵֻǰ١
˹ʮѪץסȥն̨ɱȵķѩѪΪӣʧصľ沦;ԭĹн
᳤ƽƺֹڰӡ
ӿ־֮ضĳɭɭðǻ۵Ļһ˹٣ǺӵսԺֹڰɢοǰ
Ԩޫhˣ仰΢
û
Ȼ᳤ڿԣ֮ǰ˹ûǰֻҪ᳤ͷųɺݵһɽĻƽ۸ǧĹҲֹڰȴûô
ΪΣ
ͣڵ˹Ľ١ԼıڣһĮȻֳϵ˵Ҫ˹ܻħ׿ˣǽǻ
һݡˣʱĬˡ
Ҷʶں̻ͨıڲŸոոˮ档
ɡ
̻һ巣һǰ
ޱȹ°ıӰ˵ע£
һſҫ۵ǳƺѨڵֳǧɷ࣬мʮѨϣĥ̰˶š
ħ׿͵Ϯ˲Ƶָ̬ͣʹ˿̾巵ķȣС
ͷľ巣ԵЩ졣
һ£ͷСһ㣬׿˵ʱܴע롣Եģֻ֮һһ룬Ҫȫ
˹ƿصǧڣȻظ׿˵Ѫࡣ
׿˷ڽȷܹһϢ䣬ע߸ľħ֣۷սչ֡
ǵľ巣͹λħۡ
֪
ͷֳǧɷ࣬þ߱³ӵһ̳£ڶдˣ̾Ϊֹ
Ϊ巷ϵһ˶ţȻӦţڶǳ
ԭλ̻ͨĵһ䣬ĵȻڡޫhľңأѱڶǳǺˣע뵽ԼѨϣһ󡣡
췱ǣͷ
ԨҲһ
һ̣˳۹ӣڵ
λȡ۹ӴµˮˣӶѸƾսȺ
µĺǳ۹ļʮ꣬ǰڣػ᳣ɺԡ
ׯڣգкܶ˶
ӵоҲΪطҲа
ڣ´˾巣ȻǸһ
ڳǺ֮һǳˣ뵽ԼѨϣĳС
Լģۣ
ģһǳ᲻ᱬѣ᲻ữʯըȻ⡣
ⷽ已аޣѹڴδ˵
ԼĵطҲٶչ֣˵ڵĹϵ
΢ЦûֶκҺʹħ׿ˣȥа壿
Ƕ
巵ǧɷ֣࣬ǻһ˶ţ仯λ
Ǻӣвٵǳ½أϢط
ǺӹŽУƿգҪĶࡣ
һǺӵܣ˶ӳھ巵ķ࣬ûоǧĽڡ
̻ͨᣬλѹܵõڵϿɡ
ħֵĸ׿ˣֿٺٴЦЦߵͷ̾ѣع˽ܱǳ֮ȴˣտĪ࣬ҲòĿ࿴
⻰һ³£ڶˣϵı鶼Ȼˡ
Ǻӵǿߣ֪ڣһط塣
壬ȥƺȥġ
˾࣬Լ͸ǺӴǺΪá
巰ƫִаˣһǿΪԪ񣬲֪ǺӣٵķΪſݰ֮ء
巣һģصǿվް
ĵΪźͻǿվޣһ޶
ѹֻ֣֮סǰֻһηġ
治£ǧ磬򳹵׻ȥ
ҡͷ̾ǻ֮ĵͫ򱳶ŴҵĳˣƺλصŮʱ£ӦҲԼĿģƫԼıơ
ǾҪں̻ͨôˡĮ

ۣħʣкλڵǿߣӲͬķλӿڡݡذš
ʱõĬվ
û°ɣ
Ԩ˶еƵʴݡ
ûû£ǰһֻ㱻þ󶦣ʱɫԵЩн֮ǰô⡣
ۣ䱣ʱȻֱ붦硣
ˣ㡭̫⺮һλǿɷħѣֵڲġУն̨Ǹ޵ŮӣûΪ塣ڶڼѶ
ԨоĶ꣬еŹ֡
ǰ쳣ÿɷħοɱ䵽ռ𽥻عĺ
ڵ˼бʲôɷħˡ
⻹ԶԶ
˹ҡͷۿն̨ûڰԼѹסǿʯû˺֮ǵŻƽսһ죬˲ͺ᳤Ļƽƽˣ·ڰ
ֻĻһʤϣûʲô˶ٲãֻҪṳ̂뵽Ԫ񾳽磬ҵʱԶֻ·һ
˹һָ졣
ǧĴУڰڣ⣬磬֮ʼײ᳤Ļƽ
ҽ£򣬾һЦ



һǧһ 
᳤µľ޴˹ܵĳ֮£žرš
Ǿͻƽģһɫ磬һͷͷѵĽɫߣܲסײ촷۽⡣
¡䣡
һͭĲڲ˹ĺƵѪԦ޼᲻ݵɱƣܽռ䴩κأ˲ײĩ
Ŵ׳ĸĿֲǧ鶼
ƽսһָͬʱأ͵һ̧
žĺ¡һǱѻľ㣬Ѹʯ߸¡ɽɲǼΣҶʱɸߣ
ɽķì˸űĽ
˽Ĺ·˹߬ģ
᳤಼ãɽεضһӱûҡ
ĻƽŵĽɫ类ҲҵҡţЩײģϳŸ߿նȥ
ۿţҪ᳤ƿǧĽڣ뵽Ǻӡ

ֳǧɷľ巣ĺһµ֡
֮ģһſŷŵǳڣʼضɽҡ
һ˲ΪĽ֮ͨ޷ȵķʽֱעܿƣҪƿڵĻƽ
ֻ·еǹ⣬Ȼһ
㷢ӿĽǻƽ·֣סҡ᳤ͻ
ŵ᳤˶վſֱۣصļơ
ޱߵĽܣע壬ú˹㣬ƽͣҲڽڽ
᳤Ҳ˶ԳԼΡ뷨ࡣ
ķಢΣһ·뵽ǺӵɽȺ
һƬɽڲǧߵɽͣͭڶϡȱ̲صУȺҫԡ
һɽԴϢƺƬǺɽ
˹߶ǧεضɽ壬ͻȻ壬һ޴ʯ˹µĺڰ䡣
һʱ䣬ܶսʿŭ
᳤;ϣȻսƥټϣвһУϧڶǳصĻΪۣȥ˹͸׿ˡ
ҡͷԵظп
ĵͫƳһȻִĺ䱣ħʣкۡ
ٿһ£ڡѪ̳еأĵڴ˽λǿߣ뻷šݡڰпŮʣǱԨԨⳡսУɱ
ڰݱǧʣؽ硣
˹޴Ļƽս᳤𹥻ʱͣµľڰٴӿ
ˣ˼ߣڽխҵĹȣʬͱħּս
Ѫϵͣݲߣ౻ʬͱħָĥ
ޣ˳źڰʴʱӣһ籴³櫰ľżѪ죬նɱǷ
أʣ֮һϽûбڰû
᳤˹սִľ巣Ǻ֮һĴħ׿ˣѪײ
ǳľ巣Ȼ͸׿˶һ൱
٣ʱδ·硣
λ̻ͨĵһ䣬³ΣͨһսؽǺӣ֣Ҳ֪
ΪĶǴħ׿ˣʹֻ֮һܿסҲ԰
Ԩ
ͻȻЦ
վڡݡغðΣһֱ۲ŽھƵԨŤͷü˵ʲô
ʱҲ䱣ħʣۣ˼ŶԷͼ
ףǧλǿߣһݡҪôΪҪôΪԨ
Ϊֹδչ¶κζں̻Ķ⡭
㻹ûи֪Ǳ񽣵Ϣ𣿡
Цݺɣʱָһ¡ѨڵĺڰȻǧͰͨȻĺܿӿ룬ô㲻ӦãȥŸӦǱ񽣵λ𣿡
Ԩһ
Ȼ﹵ͨ۹еĽ꣬˵ǰ㣬ȥӦ䡣
Ƭ̺ҡҡͷ˵ĺڰûһУҵĸ֪ͻģ͸˺ڰ
Ҳǡ
Цŵͷľ磬ȷʵһ˼أַݾԡ
£ڶ˺ͺߣսʬͱħֵһĹȡ
λǰ׼һ
仰һ£ĹĴУͻһž죬ƺĳ֮ն
ԨȻһ
ĹȣŵĹâ΢ôܣ
ͷīɫܵĻأŨĹ·ƮȻ򣬾ֱԨ
صĳرڣѱĨȥĽۣһس֡

أ䱣ʣߺȡ
λڵǿߣɢڻصĸǣظǺ͡Ѫ̳һСͬλһǷӭơ
һֹ̣ǡݡеĳˣ磬ޫhȻɫ
µĸˣͣ磬֮ףϯб³£Ҳޱߵأ̧ͷյ춯
سʱǾھˣĿʼ׷档
Ͼеĺܶ½أۿ˻ص
Ҳ˻ؽ뵽ͨʧ⵽صĳرڣͱù⻬羵̵Ľ۳֡
ͻȻǧ֣ҳرڽԣڰ档
ֱԨȥµĴǿߣɢڳĽʱǾ͸ˡ
Ƕڲ²⣬²һᷢʲô
Ȼ󣬱㿴λڵǿߣͬأڹӭԨ
ǧ絫ǻ۵ʱ𺳣ŻأԨ
˹ħ׿ˣ᳤巵սҲλǺӼ׺Ĵڣս֮࣬ͬء
ĿԨסˣϤĳӣЩ֪롣
䱣ۺʣ΢ͷĬ
ƤЦһݵ˵˳رڿӡĽۣԽʺͽ꣬㱾Ӧþܸ֪Ǳ䣬Ӱٻ뵽ǧ硣
֮
Ǳ񽣣
ڣȻıţȡǱ񽣣֮Ȼڰ
һʯǧˣ
Ҵߣвٰޣͣ׷׻Ȼɫ
ʱԨ΢һͷ󣬱һ󲽣ֱ仯ء




һǧһһ 
ڶıӻصײȻ
ǧûɢأƺȫһûвдڡ
໺ţХţѻء
ϧֻͽ޹Ŭˡ

ڴԨͷڽ̤ص׵һ˲䣬ͨ
󣬾ͼǻڶ֮ٵѨϣȻϢ
һɲǣһͷͷۿɼʵɷħٲк
һͷͷûǵɷħٵѨϣһħλ
ʵɷħ˻̬Ѩڵ磬ָѨΪһ壬ΪṩԴԴߵĻ֧š
ͷīɫܵĻأرϵĽۣԨ䣬Ҳ糺⡣
Ԩ΢ȡס
۹УЩӡŵĽۣͣʼϳѪ;۰ڵĽУ糺콣âӿ
һԨͻȻý۳Ѫܳܡ
ܣǷȱ̫ࡣ
ϾֻǻξʵΪǵĴͻۣԶӵС̳Ѫǡ
ڣ׼һͷͷɷħפѨϣÿÿʱ֧ţڻݽߡ
ڳĽǣΪ׵λǿߣ˿ϼӿһ˿и
ƿšݡĳˣµݣҲн۵ûȥԨ
йעţƽսУ˹һһ
˿̣˹ԾѪֽһɫ᳤γɵΡɽȺУƻ
ɽһնϣѣ顣
᳤УӿֵĽܣ޸Ŷѵɽ¸λ
ǵսδͣ£ݱؽţ˹ռϷ硣
ڻظգԨ֮Ҳڵͼı
ԭûǱ
ͫһ̶ˮû̫
ֻ΢һüҡͷпûҪλھ۷壬ʹҵİȡδ̫Ʋˡ
ݣݣ
һɫͻȻµƽսšݡķ䣬Ҫնһ谭
ͬʱǱ޴Ľɫż᳤꣬ɽȺи˲俳˼߷塣
᳤ĻƽҲͻϸơ
ȻԺδܽԪ᳤ʹʱ͵о巵ϣҲԺ˹⡣
˹ͻȻ᳤ûпܣȥֹЩɫꡣ
ҪƬɫ꣬ݡ飬˲

վŵġѪ̳·ġħ̥ΪһƬճɫӰѡݡͻأħʣۺͺ䱣һڡ
ɫۡؽ롰ħ̥Уʶصʴţĥ⡣
Ѫ̳ħһ壬㾡һȺս
ΪѪ̳ˣľ磬־ͨħšѪ̳Ҳֻǿһ˹Ľɫꡣ
ǡħ̥ȻҲ˱ǧٿף涴Ŀӡ
ٻ񽣣
һƺߺڡħ̥ͷԨߺȡ
Ϊ˹ͻȻ䣬ʱٴ᳤ƽսšݡ
صĳصףԨֽսʣ˱һ糺콣âû
ۣųӶԻǵڶɷħפѨϣİܺ͸֪ڽ£ӳһٷһź
һӳ糺콣罣ӣ˲ӡħ̥ȥնƬڰ
Ѩܱߵĺڰںһ糺콣ӣһն
ǸӣеĲѨһ䣬ɼ
ĺڰһ糺콣ӺبѨ֮ϣӲطΪأܽϣá
ӿڳѨ߼սʿϮ˲һƬ
ĺڰ޴һĲҽУƺҲֺ
٣Ѷϵ°ľżޣֵԶ롰Ѩв̶ͬȵ˺ѣȻҲˡ
ԨЮ˻أڶɷħܣźͻȻ
һźȻֹ
ƺǱƯѨϷն̨һ£ˣپʯǿʮʱ֮дܡ

͸ռźն̨Ѩ͡򺮾Ľ֮
صİ򣬺Ȼĺ
飬أĺڰɽѵľڷֻǧȥ̽
еԨݽָʹػӳһһź󣬺Ȼڵϣֻýƣ
פѨϵڶɷħ·Ҳ͸֧˻ܣع鶦Сء
رڵĽۣȻộͷų糺â
ԨŵĽʣڲһ˿â棬۹ǻͣ껹ڼʲôڣҲǲʣ㽣
ֻӳһһȴܶãͲܶõ
һ˺ڰ˳Ѩն̨͡򺮾˽һĻʹﵽն̨
ۣǿʯݳʶ塣
ն̨о˰
꣬ھĺڰУоһģаı壬ҵš
Ȼдұӱб𿪣Ӷ¶ԭʼ̬
һޱȵľ񽣣
񽣣Űں¡¡ġ˯ǧ֮õĳߣڶϲϵغš
ÿһڲ֪ա
ڴ˹УԨ۹ǵȸУ类ܸӰ죬زô̡
Ŀ겨طű仯
ڱʧ˵ȥ
ֹһӣԨҲܲĴڣȴͨն̨֪Ǳ񽣣Ȼ仯
һ˺յ⣬Сʱȴǿ
Ԩһ£ʱӦȻأŭ⡣
꣬ڵر۹ǣصشߣͨն̨ͨӰ뵽صİ
ҲˣǱ񽣵ڲ
½ػã񣬰Σȴȥƺûйϸ
ܲŭ
ܾãڵǸĻˣıȡ֮
겻밵޷йɫ䣬ؽͣģ񽣣ֻ㡣
ս;еϱ³櫣ȫء
Ѫϴǧ磡



һǧһ ٵĴħ
˹ŭ仰ûںڰеаޣȻȻɱ
ھڰڣսʿܵõ˵ս
ֻҪڰӵǧ磬˽͵أڰȫû޾նɱеˡ
ңԼ߻̫ˡ
ڣӦ쳣񽣵ټԨһ˺ڰáѨ¶˹ᵽıΣղζҲ˲µˡ
һѪϴǧڰİޣνҾ
ȸˣɰǧİޣΪУɺڰ̤֪˽밵սʿȻ˹ĺİףĽսѪսʿ
ɱ
ˢˢһ۶ɵɱǧƬٿҵ𵴡
ͬʱħֺʬֱõħ׿ˣʬҲͻȻ
ʥŮ
սʿŽΧ룬ηأűħֺʬ
˼Ѫˣʱհ㣬Ա
ԱǣѪ񾧱ʯ˲γһȦֲ貹⻷ܼıħ֣ʬըͷʣ
һλֳսȫɫս׸ǵľżսʿϥ˲ǰ
һĹλսʿڱϮıħ֣δܽӽͻһѪ
صǿսʿأǱһ޴ķԴ
վģͷ
۵Ĳ򣬶̳ԹصľżǿΪԼԴʼʩչ循춯صѪͨ
մأ
һŴĿĹԴʥҫһۻͺڰϢӵϥصľżսʿڷɳ
ʮռʮĶķԴʯڰ
ЩԴ֮أڰ𣬱
Уͣ³ص˹һɫΪ
ǿ֮Ļ
ֻа˼Ѫ£ԭؾô
ϵķۣſзȥչ
֮ϣһشţڲ·Сǳ˿ųشǹ⣬Ǻ֮Լڵ̳Ϊӣǿ˷ء
ǧĽ֮£У΢С˸
˸һһһƬһƬǺӵӰ
ʹħ׿սֳǧɷľ巣ѱĺƵѪĿҪ־Ȼû꺣һƣͼһƬƬǺӣ΢֮֡
ѨУɺԵܴѸٳӯ
սҲ˶
£Ⱥ֮ӣ
һԣ˿Сӵ£ŶԷʱۣڴӵഫ˵૵ȷʵ֮ӣǺӵĳ֮ļ̳Ҳ
ʱǧɷһȥصĶ
һƬӲǺӣڲǧض켣ţǻǰγɡ
ħ׿˸ľħ֣˲ûǻĴƬǺڣ类ƶĥ̰ɱ
ʮģ̩̹飬Ѫģѡ

ëȻĹУλħ֮һע룬ɰɸߵľ飬飬ǺѪ⾡ѡ
ȻǺڣֻʣһƬѪɫƾŬһ˿ڼ
ǣǴħ׿˵Ѫ֮⡣
⡣
ֳһ˫̫ͺ£γɵĶĿ俴ƬѪɫ
һ죬һӨ׵ͫУǺڴ
ȥ
ǧǺӻȻɢ𵴣ڴǿ飬
ںƬѪɫ˵
ħ׿˵ĺӽѪɫҲ쳹ڽڣǻĲȻǺӡ
󣬽ѪɫȻʧ
ڣǻǰĲȻǺڣƬѪɫӿ𵴳ѪⱾԴζ
·ľѪƬѪɫţ顱ðѪݣ浮ȫµ顣
ҲܣеģʵģӦڡ
ƬѪɫڲӲǺںȻţ˺ХѪɫˣڶǳĻâ
۷һǿͨõȺ֮ӡµϣɻħ׿˵٣̼һ
Ѫ⣬ҲӾ巵ǧɷڱþţײײأǧһƬڰĵؽ硣
һּǿѪ
ǰϥµǿߣµѪֹȴ޶ãѹե˵Ĳд
ķԴλսʿڷɳǧɷȻش
Դĵִڰƽڴأ˼Сɽͷľ巣ܹѸӦֻվ
վľ巣£󲿷ֱڰû
ɾ巣ǿٵص˹Ÿ߿еƬѪɫΪħ׿ˣ̬
׿ˣ
׿ˣȫ潵٣ǲ
巼ŭˣ
ŵģʣˣ񷣬Ѫɫı仯һǿ־壬־ҡ
ǧ磬ܿܿ׿ˣֳ࣬ȥȫҲûźˡ
ΪˣһҲκһ
СĽ
ʱ򣬿һ˿ԨǿһЦ˵ڵˣҺ㣿
ԨĬԶԡ
Ƶķչѳ֮⣬Ҳ׼ں̻ͨ᾿ıʲôõʲô
ֻ֮һĿģأ
ģ඼ˡĵС΢ûпܣҲ͸׿˷ˡ
¾ݳһǳЦ˵ĵӡ
һڣ˲˵ע⣬ɵȵŤͷȥʱȴط֣ȻѴӡݡ뿪֪١
ԨڣȻȻأȥĴѰӰ
Ȼ󣬾ͷȻ׵أڡѨϷմ
ˣ



һǧһ Ůʷ࣡
ˣ
Ŵħ׿˵Ŀ⣬ͻȻʼתƣƬڰ
һĻۻݡ
Ѩһ糺콣Ѩĺڰ˶ȥڶవܲˡ
һ֮Ԩն̨ؽϵһ͸ռ䣬ʹﰵ
۹ǶĽ꣬Ҳͨն̨ѨͰӵ˰򣬳֮
ڴ֮˹˰Ĳ´Ѫϴǧ
ħ׿ˣҲȵģ١
ڳѨϷģ糺콣ӣǱ˹ǿĺڰܳ糺콣ڡꡱ죬Ͱ໥˺ţÿһǧεĽ棬˴ĥŸԵ
Ȼ糺콣ӣ;ڰսʱͻȻ١
Ľ٣ǰľףǰĿ
չ¶ķ̬˴ħ׿˵ִǧ磬ĺƴ󶯾
˴˿̵ķ࣬ɸߣ巣Ҳ᳤ƬɽΡ롣
ȴͷۡ
泯ݣۺ͵ᣬδ֣ȴ͸һɲãʱ
ˣֽڷ͸ʵǰͨȻʥַ
Ǹˣ¶һ壬Ŀݡ
ֻֻӶһشصĻ֮פش˵ص٣ŭХźˣֱûڰʱǡ
ִ֮ˣ֮Ŀ֮ｫըѡ
һʵ壬磬ǳأƺ
ұߵĳˣݣ԰׶޹
һ˫ͫϢƺо߱Ѫǻ۵飬ӦôӦԨ
ִ
ߵһֻ֣ס򺮾űڿסĺ
һֻ֣Ⲧһ£ϲӬ㣬ոĴǰޣĴĻԡѪ׷ɵڰ
ɸߵĳˣͷۣȴһǷ
棬Ũһ棬ִƲ֮
ĳˣܴݻҲڵ壬·ΪĨɱΪ
λһĳˣϸ롰Ѩڲ纮ڿס
Ũҵܣǧ˷ǳѨע
Ѩأһɭɫ֮ţɳͷŵע뵽֮ⲿĺڰ͸һ˿
ޡή֮ϯͶ̻֮ףһ̣ͬʱӦ
ǰǧĸǿߣޣħ֣ʬɢݳ취µġѨ޾ˮ㣬һǼûȫ˳Ѩ
֮߬š򺮾ĳˣ΢΢̧ͷ˹
߸ϵ˹ͣ˺ͣ³櫵սûм᳤໯ɽȺƻ޴Ļƽս³һ㣬ܹͳ˵ķƽ
Գˣλ˼ߵľ⡣
٣ٺ٣
Ѫħĵ峤Ժ󣬻һ󲿷յӣѪɫۣͿž׳ޱȣһ˫ڰ졢졢ٺУϱɫҲڳϡ
˹һҲԴ˿̵ĳˣкľ档
۹Ůʣ
λ˵ϯλɢǺӣٴڵŮʣجΣҲǣУһĽУ
ʱǿ˵زˣ
صаޣһˣǧٹ̴ԧˣֳ淨࣬ͷ۵ĳˣ㾪°͡
Ԩϵ𵴵ľҲ˿̵Ůʾס
ˣ
أ䱣ħʣ᳤;巣̸ߺȣɫ䡣
ء䱺ʣڣͭ޹׵ˡ
᳤;巣̻ԣǺλıͨǧ磬ʵֲɸ˵Ŀġ
ִûħ׿ûɫڰûǧʱȻ
ڣֳͷ۵淨࣬Ϊ볲ѨڣǱɫˣ
ƺһԤϵ⣬ڷˡ
ʲô
˹᳤̻ͨȻͬأʳͬĻ
᳤ɽȺķ࣬ѾΪ̬
˹һˡ
ȥ
֮߬򺮾ĳˣһǿڱľѿͼǿھ
ͳ˵ݣһ£ٿʧ
һƺԨʱ֪ƾɷħϵڳΪǿɷħ֮һϢ䣬ع鵽Сء
Ǹˡ
˶᳤˹ҡͷǸأ˵ôһ仰
ģǸڵƺԨҲ˵ͬĻ
꣡
֮սǿصġ򺮾ʱѿֻΪһӨĺʯ򱻺ڰûĴء

ң
᳤ȡ
˷·ѹûǸն̨Ϸ
ն̨ͳѨ֮䣬ճķʽϡ
㡣
ӶϿץն̨Ԩ
һƬɫԣѪɫ񣬾̧ͶĿռ䣬˲γɣҪն̨뿪
ߣ᳤дħ׿ˡ
ն̨ȴһֱӳҲġݡһӣ뵽еԨġ
ն̨ûʱԨͰ֪Ѿжϡ
סն̨ԨѨλãǴ졣
ʶǧӵ˽УִƵͳѨϵشıϡ
аޣû˺·Ѿزȥˡ
˹
еĽ꣬ԨҲ׶񽣺潫ᷢʲô޴ӵ֪
һµľ棬˸Ĳã˶е;



һǧһ ˭轣
ണѨŮʣ˹ıŭ᳤ĺǳ⣬η޾塣
ƺǺУûκδве¡
Ҳãħ׿ҲգӰ־ıľߡ
ն̨黹Ԩǿڡ򺮾ץ飬ӰҲϣ˿̵ġѨ»صС
䣬ʢڳѨص֮׳ţ֮⵴
ڰڣɢ
ͷ۵Ůʷ࣬ͣڳѨϣȻ
֮ŷ֣˹᳤巺ʹħ׿ˣҲΪ֮ݡ
ҺϵѨŮʣڳѨӿֳϢС
Ǹһֱֻһ𣬾ܰǧ磬ڰǺӵġѨ
ˣκδڣֹȥ
ǧĽڣԴ˿̵Ҳɲ̫Ӱ졣
ģͨ·㾹Ȼ˳̶ȡ
˹Ļƽ֮սͳ˵֮ƽ
ʱŴӰӿĺڰڱʴꡣ
ǧѱ˴
ɹ˿ص޴˴˾٣׶Ͼ˺·
Ҳиİܣӿ뵽ǧ磬ǰ㣬˽ûɽж֡
ܣûǧ磬٣Ҳ塣
ڵĻ
˹üͷ΢壬ʼڵ¾棬һ˫ɫ۾֯
ˣ㻵Ҵ£
ƽ᳤Ҳ
ǧ飬ڼڰ֮޷˳Ԩն̨ӻغɷħٻ
̻һıҲ˶ˡ
֮ؼصİ򣬶˹ֳ˭ڰ棬˹У֮룿
죬Ҳû
òյ뿪򣬾Ĳ֮ý밵ܶྫָ֮˷ô񽣿Ի˭뵽˺һţں̻ļƻ
ȫ
Ůһ棬泯ŻƽĮ˵㿴ʱҲز˰򡣶񽣵Ľ꣬С룬񽣾ǻۺԣܳڣаѰ򡣡
֮սưڣ¶Ǻӡ
˵仰ʱµ۾ƿԨԨлŵĽʡ
ʶԨҲܸӦʵλá뿪Ժ󣬾һǺ;սһҵԨ
ʱԨӵУִƴ񽣵
ڡ
һ᳤͹أϵı鶼ЩȻ
㣿
ǣŮʣֹ
֪轣ģݽ񽣴ɱķƽҾ֡Ǹˣ񽣵ˣҲǴߡ
Цһ˽ԨУԨãƻֻϧԨûгƵھǰ׼ԦǱ
ԡ
ԨٵһȰɣվġưܻ֮ỨһЩʱ䣬ҵ㡣ܱԼȥ򴳵ȥȡĺáʲô磬㵱һ̣˹ܾ죬˲Ĩɱ㡣
գִһ棬˹˵ǰɣ
ÿɷ
ˣҪ轣һá
Ԩ˵ʱУǺܼԦ񽣣ⳡ춯ҽ
㻹Ҫʱ
Ȼ䣬ħ׿˳ŽЦǲϽɱĺͨͨ
⻰£ڰû˵ޣһɺ⡣
еԨһץŽʣһն̨ѪСص̳ȴ׿˵Ӱ죬һƿؼ޵ĸ٣ŷ˲ѪҪ
ǻƤ⣬һӶϸ˺ۣΪѪ硣
أ䱺ͺۣħʣû취κΰҲ֪ʲôʽܻڵ״

޸ǴӺڰУһѪţգҰ
λԨ̫ԹŮӣ״̬Ҳ֪˶ٸͷ˶ٽһϢأ·һ̾ͻȥ
ܺù
һɳƵͳӽǺӴˣ
û㵨Сǿվޡߡ
ԣҲܴڡҹϵģǿģͷϵ̩̹ˣΪ޵ǺӣǱͬ࣬ǼһΧŹˣϢȥ
ȣҲ˭ҲɱΪܴ͸գ޾һУأ
񣬻ΪԶأأ
ͷᣬҲԶƫƧ¼ŵǺӣ̵޳ûҴ񣿡
ɳ˳Ц
ȻĽݶ꣬һֱţںݵ硣ç򣬺٣֮ǰѪħ峤ҼûʮҲ߰˸ˡҺеļһҲϵȺǿˡ
Σ
֮ǰ峤Ҳ̤ʮѪˡ
ֻңҲֻң
ͳ翣ƺǧеԶˡ
ھ۷ǿߣܸоͷǿվޣǧԶ˾룬ƺھʲô
⣬ﻯľ㣬ȷǧ罥Զ
ңȫˣǿվ޵ԭʼ̬ȥûǧͷ
ţΪŵ̬Ǻ˲ʧʬڵʯ½ء
ˣ
ʬϹϾվԵľ⡣
ۣüͷһ̾Ҿ֪
ʲôʬ
ٿǽڡ
ʬۼͫϸһúһɬ



һǧһ ײĸǣ
쵰εǧ磬ӨĽڣأ͸
˿̣ǱӨĽϣ챮ġ
ɫıģӬͷС֣鲼ǧĽڣðӨ֮ڣ˺ͱһµɫ
бģڽڣ˹µӡǣʳ
ʬֿ˰ΣǧĽڣȫתһͭɫ
ײĸǣ
Ϊ˵ɣһֵЦζϤʬȴ֪鼫
񡣡ʬЦŵͷߵͷ˵ƺʲôطЩġ
ںݵ½ڣħʱһᱮԼħͨһУ赭дأܣչ˳λͭᱮȻҲֻܹԹԽ
ʬɫһ
ۣ˵ֻħԨʱҿ͸׿˺ԭפصĸǿϮɱ׿ҲûǱ½أȥʱҾ뵽Ľ
ںݴ磬ѱʬϴļơ
ʵ˽ڣ֪ǼλƢԡٺٵЦֹ㣬˹͸׿ˣҲ֪ࡣϾưǺӵʱ򣬻û˹͸׿˵ĵ
λδӴڵǼλȻ֪ǵðؽҪѪȱ׿˺˹ֻħԨƻڵĴƣȥ½ؽɱ¾עᱻڴĻǵؽз
ڹҪҪǺӰ壬ǵȻҪЩ¡
ͣһ¡
˿ҡͷңã˽ǣ˽̫ʼ

ǧڲ硣
ԨȻ񷣬ڱģ˽ڣĨ˹ĺܺۼ
Ϥıģ˲ˣ½صǷ
ͭ޹еλʣۣ׹ƿݴĽڷǺӵһĻӡ
λ뿪ǰһλ
ⶣúûţ˵ʲôϣһԼܵóԸ˵ټ֮ա
ʱڵ̳˲ָԭ״
ħ׿ˣԼڵ֮ļ̳Ҳƺܵ˷أȫ¹ѶӰ졣
᳤;飬λԣ練ơ
⣬ھ۷壬֮Ĳ࣡
ÿһλΪµԪޣھԪ񾳣һԽǵ蹵
𣿡
Ԩأħʣкۡ
ÿһˣͷ
̫ʼ
˹дħ׿ˣۿŽͻ䣬绯һǧͭ׸ǣȻɫ
᳤Σ£ϲ
һ巣ڱıٿһ᳤²⣬Ҳ
Ѩеĳˣҡһ䣬СΪ̬
ȻۣȻͷᣬͷ۵Ρ뷨ࡣ
ƺҲ֪λȻѾ֣ͲҪһ٣ӵĺڰǱǱɢ
ԨأֵҪ轣
Ȼأ
һص˳һֽۣ͸׿ˣڣǶɡǱû͸׿ˣֻһˡеź
һԨ𾪡
˹׿۷ǿߣ˼Ԫ൱꣬ǧҲ̫һλ
ڣصֹ߱һ
ѽƺأ϶Ϊ˺аħλǺǿ˸߶ȣ
̫ʼ
³ͣǿߣһ߾̾ţһĴѰ
ûз쳣
Ԩд˷صǻ飬Ҳڵ֪λ˵еںδ
ֱ
ǧսĿĴأȻǾ޴ɫ࣬ӵ֮Ͻľڰڶ̶̼ʱ䣬ɵĸɸɾ
ѵĴأϿɽ壬Ĺڹ֮£

ػ˺ѣ飬ͻֳĿӶ
ص׵˵սľ֪ᷢʲô
Ԩڶʯ£ƼһĨɫ
˶Ц
ˣȻͭᱮ֣Ϊһǿڹײģ̫Զ
ѵĴ棬¶ģһڣǧڲͭ޹ף
ͭ޹ףڽؿҲĿͭ޹죬뵽Ǻ
ټͭ޹ռǧĵ磬ǧĵػ
˵Ļȫͭ޹ϣȥսȥĶǣȥı
Ȼཥ¶ȴʶʼգ̬λƿ֮ºе˿ʼϲеǻֲ̿
̫ʼͭ޹ף
һֱǧ磬ֻǱǿعײģдڵĺۼ
ǧ磬һŴĹײģһֱȫע£֮а
׿ˣЩħֺʬֱЦ
̻ͨ룬ӸǺӿ룬ڻŵˣǼңְԹ֮ġ
ǶоԼ̫ʼӣ㹳ϵĶ͸׿ˡ
ֱڹ˵ܣ׳ϷˣıǺȥ̫ʼʦ
ǣûǸ
ۣۣ
ǧٵѪ⣬ڲĵȫ½ڣȴûһ˳ѡ
ڶѪһ¾£Ϊħ׿ˣŽµǧ磬ѵضһھͭ޹ףͫУ֮ɫء



һǧһ ̫ʼ֣
޴ͭ޹ף˺ǧĴأҰڡ
ǿڹײģչǧѵĵ棬ռ˴󲿷
ڹײĵײڰӿŶȴһɫܷð
һλͦΣȴûֳ취ӣͭ޹ƮȻ
Ǿ޴ޱȵĹײȣʵڹС͸ƣȴĿ⣡
һͷڳ磬ȫ㣬Կķơ
Щƣͱ桢޹еӬͷС֣һޣ·ӡ
ƺǧĻǹᣬΨһ
Ѥõϼ⣬âŮ룬ߵӰΧʱ֣Ȼ
Ӣݣ͸һֺ氲ƵĹ⣬ȴԵøΪ⡣
ɽδ˷ֵĺ峺ɾ£ûһ˿
ԺֻǳšݡԣվڻеԨһЦ
һڼУޱϤԨ
Ȼ㲻ԸѣҲԸ
һԨͷվŵĻأ˲ÿյá
ٴζһͷĳӣ˽¡
أرϿӡнۣʧ٣ܼħȡ
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Ԩһ
ͻȻ䣬ͻˣն´޵һЩشԡ
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˹ٴγĬ
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ˣһսĲǷˡ
һԨ
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ŵĳˣ״ƿһ˫Ҳ˳ϡ
أ䱣ۺʣִŵأԱϼӿǳһɢԶȥ

Ѫĵʡ



һǧһ 
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ͬһ۵ķδ½һҺɫǧɽ壬ͻȻѡ
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𣬺ͻһ֪ͨٵаøɽڲפ飬תƺƵصѪϢ
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аŴ½𣬶̤Ļ谵ǺӣϵԽ˲ʱն
ǺӼ룬伸˸֮󣬾ͱ

߸Ԩڡ֮һ½أĺܣɭɭĺּ˷ӿ뵽
ޣһǺִڴ˵¡
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ʱͼһ͵ĹƿֱײǺ
ڣԼɼһӰЯţҪܡ

ǽأ̬һ죬һӨ׵ͫУͬʱ쾰
Աߵʬ۾ڣֵľаʯ񣬻ƵĹɫһٱ䡣
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أҲ֪һҪߣ˭Ҳס԰ɣ
ѾͷҰɣ˳򡣶ңұ֤κƣ֡
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ԨһȥǧģһƬǺӣʵʲôҲֻеն̨˿ռ룬֪עӡ
ԨȻһЦŹֵأҡҡͷ
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ڣеǿߣͭǮ¶ߣʱȫھС
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˰˼⡣
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һʵ̲סˣԨҿ·봩͸üģʶСһ̽ҵصࡣ



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ԨûκεĻӦ
һԺ󣬼û𻰵˼ҲȤӣͺԱߵǧٹûһ˵
ݡеľˣ𾪣ͱʹ֮С
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Ѩ⻬羵ֻԨŮˣھ֮ϡ
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ɷħϹѨƮͺһ뿪˶ڡ
ԨĿȻ

ָ˺Ԩ˵ᵽϤζǰ˵أˣҷ
һŮĺͫ˸ԵĹâԨ
ˣǵȺкܶ಻ͬƺţħħЫβħȵȡͬǻ飬ǵĳƺһԼƺԼΪħƬأҺҽ֪һ
ʱʮɸߣúһС
Ԩͷ㣬޵Ǹ
ţҸоĵˡᴹͷǸŮӣİ£ɱˡдħҲڱգǱԴϢѾ˸ı䡣
λҪ
˻ӻ֣ʾԨӾĳѨ뿪һ¡
Ԩһˣһ߾ȵˣȸ𣿡
û͡
ѨĿռ䣬ͻȻµԨĹâųԽԽҫۡ
ಣಣ
ӰڹâѣĿʱڳѨм䡣



һǧһһʮһ ֮壡
һһŮڹ⻬羵ĳѨС
еһͷɫʼչɢЦݣ̷ɽ
ŮòǧʱԨйһ֮Եҹ峤ϣŵޱ
벻ɣ
̷ɽЦݲãٿһͺԨк
ŵޱǳЦţųˣԨ΢һͷû˵ʲôˡ
Ԩһ͡
ʱŻѪ󣬾ûټ̷ɽŵޱ
ǧǳң̷ɽŵޱҲδ̷ɽŵޱˣʹǧ뿪ˡ
ֻǣˡΪܹڡѨ
Ԩüͷ̷ɽŵޱԺûᣬȥòŮʣô£
ǰ뿪ǺӶɿڣתƵˡɫ糣һ£ѨԺĳһ̣ʱһɿá̷ɽʶܾˣҲйսľ
Ѿͷ㲻ӦóƺΪ̷ǰ𣿡̷ɽһǷЦݣս׵񾳣һγǺʱҿǴħдȹ㡣ôˣˣͺƽ۽ˣ
ɫĮûнĻ
ԨҲ˶̷ɽϵͬһ㡣
𣬵ʱҲ̷ɽȥѹƴܹ̺ϵǣ氲
Ȼ̷ɽһֱĳĬ
Ԩ򦣬ˣֲʱһҹŵޱɫζ
һλħҹĳŵޱ۶ЦźվһĺѯʣҲǲ𣿡
ǡǰλӦˡ
˵أ
Ԩ£ʱ翴ˮһ㣬´͸
˷谵أбɽжѵϿȣӦҲɭֻ֣ûûʲôˮԴۼ
Ҳûڴڡ
ۻ޴ڣ
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ֻǣڵص׻ţƺһ
кرģ
һ£¿ˣʵʵؿѯʡ
ص壬Ŀǰһλ룬컢л񡣡ڽ̷ɽƺģᱻλﵽʮ񣬾λãĻ
Ϊھ۷壬ڵ̷ɽ˵޾η֮ġ
ڰɫ컢ǰһ񣬺ͻһ࣬Ҳԯ
̷ɽ΢ЦſԨ
֪˵һͷʮԳԨͷ
ǺʱԳ˺ܶ꣬˵ĳǺӣħȺΧסĥˡ
Ϊ̫ãǰʱҲû̫⣬ӡ󲢲̡
ţͽһʱȽҪǿԳ̷ɽĿ⣬İǺӣħȺΧɱˡλħĺ£ͷʮԳɼǿա
Ԩ˴ͻȻӦڵɣ

ҹŵޱ˵ͷ
Ҳ֪һЩ¡
Ԩ̷ֿɽŮʣƺڵȴʲô
ڼħһ壬ǰеλŵޱü΢΢һԵһЩǰΪɷħĺɱԳλħһλͳǼħһ塣
ܿĻ̬˱ʸı䣬Ļ֮ӡǴڡ
Ȼӡţɷħڵūš
ʧȥɵĺǰǼħҲûŵޱ£ɵȵŵޱ֣֪˵صĻֲɸ߿֡
ԥһ£ͷ˵λҵȱֻɱǺԳˡ
ԭˡŵޱ
˵˵֪顣Ԩ
ɱԳλħħ峤Ѫħһ峤ټҵȱ̹Ȼһһʮأ֪飬Գ꣬ħλǿȱʳ׳ħꡣ׿֮ǰģѪħ峤ǷֵԳ
꣬λսĴħʳԨһ㶡
šͷ
֪ĹȻ١̷ɽЦЦǰΪʲô
棬Գеһǽ;˴ʱ˸Ӧ룬ָͷǽ̽˵أȴʲôҲû֣ﻹˡ

̷ɽ֣ͻȻЦˡ˵Գǲһӣ
΢䣬ô֪
̷ɽЦ
ˣˡ
Բͣµ½أӳѨ뿪ռͣסȻ˵ͷԳпܻ棬ֻǱ׿˷šʮвдĹǺѪȫǼֵǵ챦
̧ͷԨ˵ԳǣмΪֲ֮⣬̷ɽŵޱܹԴȥʺǵСѪ꣬ȥ̳֮塣
֮⣬Ӧûбģʺ
Ͼ˵˴ħ׿˵ܾݵ㣬ΪѪħĵ峤Ȼͷ˲ٺñ
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Ԩ񼤵һ·أˣ̷ɽŵޱȻ˻ͼı֮
ıˣ̲סѯʡ
µܣڰǰҺͳѾͷһս˴̷ɽУȻһӲӵĲӡ
ӣ·ӿ¹⣬ҫۣžܡ
ϤĲӣԵЩ޿κΡ
Գ֪棬ˡ̷ɽ˺һۣδȻֻܿ뿪ʱ׿˻ûгΪħ滹š
Ѫħһ峤֮֮һ̳ĸ׿ˣϴ˹֪ܣӡӣԸ׿ûκΰóˡ
ӣҹһλǿõλսˡ
̷ɽ͡
õߣҵĸסŵޱ廰ڵɱս
̷ɽõ˴ҳԺݵڣͨ³ܡֻǡ
ҡҡͷЦ˵֪ܰ꣬Ҳû취ڸ׿ͻƵʮѪѪħ峤һλʵĴħ󣬲˭ֻҪ˺Ѵأ˿ܣҪܸ׿˵ŭ𡣡
һ£̷ɽҿɲ
˲Ҳ룬ܷˣûԳ塣
˵һͣԨʲôˣ֪ΪλѡʱıȡԳˡ
Ϊ˿̵ĸ׿ˣǧ磬㲻ɱҲ޿ܹ
ڣ˿أȥ̽Գʱ
죬ħ׿˳ɹ룬֮£Ҳûܣ·ڣʲôջˡ



һǧһһʮ 
أأ
ǿԨͲеն̨΢
ɫҲ˱ò̫Ȼһ뵽ն̨ڲأܿͷʮʱ֮б˪ĶʬҲ֮
ͷʮ˲ֱ֪꣬ն̨ʬͻ쳣
֮⣬·һֽյն̨ڵʬûʬ壬Ҫ˷أȥӽǹǿ
ԨڶΣ֪Ǿ޴ֻԼжϳ˹ǧ硣
ѳն̨ܸӦһ졣
ڳκˣûо
״óɣŮӣһ£ûڣ۾ȴ·˵㣬͸¶һС
֮ǰ;ʱӦһǧոǵڶΡԨ̹Ȼ
ǣն̨ڣЩʬ쳣Ƿžȡ
Ԩͷ
ģòʵ¶˼֮ɫն̨һǺѷǬ䣬Ҳһֱչ֡ڿٵڶѨϣڳһרŷն̨ҵĽǡѨ
СֿԨǻ룬̴Ѩڣ԰ǰ
Ԩ㵵Ҫ𣿡
Ҫ϶Ҫ̷ɽͷ˵ն̨ˣѪ¶棬ױ֪̽ȻںϢɷħ㣬ѿٵѨϡ
ٵһˣȿ˷ҹŵޱһȻâûǼ˵ԶһѿϿȶȥ
̷ɽץǸӣٺٵЦһŴػһ¡
Ȼ˺϶Ҳһ롣
ŮۣڰգͷųϢĳѨ
޴ޱȵġѨĿע£ͻȻ
ҲʮǳѨΪָ׸ǰСವһʧµе֮Ѩϡ
˳ѨĿҲ̫ԣʼհڷ⣬ױ⡣һ䡣

һֻɫСèɷħзɴܳɵ£˲
꣡
ֻСèʱԨһ档
Ūȡɵ꣬Ϊǿʮɷħ֮һʹشҲС
οɷħפɷħãͨײɷħѴӵڰ˽ݣٴھŽݡ
ڣʮĺ
˶ʱ䣬ŽھŽݣһУŸ˰ʱ䣬Ѿ˵ھŲ㣬Ѿںˡ
ðı̹âԨŶü
Ҳεƺȫֹסȥ׽
˿̣׷걧ڻëС˵˼仰ͷſȥɡ
ʱһɫĵ磬뵽գûӰ
꣡
ʱµĴؾʹѵ죬Ҳ̷֪ɽƻĺֱײ
ͺ˳һ£Ԩ˵漰֮壬Ǵħ׿˷֮أ˻Ǿܽ㡣Сģ˸ݺˣ˼ҪǮ
ԨȻʧЦ
ޱ飬ƺ⣬ֳĵ⣬صն̨Ѫ뿪ٵѨϡ
⻰ºԭʧһϢͻû¡
ˣ̷ɽԤıһֱҴţʲôûǰ˵ҪۡƲ죬ͷ˵ǧʱͻȻ֣ݻ˺ͰӵѾ
̫ʼˣֳ񽣣ƽǳҡ
ˣڵˣһֱǡʵΪڵ棬ֻмֵϺƺԨԴ̫ʼ˲û׷ȥǻҪСģСб뷨

ôʣչԨ˵ų˵Ĳá
ļָ˴󲿷֣֪ԼնߵŮڵһӣȻأΪڵ롣
ƻ̫ʼ᳤֣֮δ˳ĳˣ۲ϲ
ţһע⡣
Ԩɫ䣬۲Ŷ꣬ǰܾн̬ȴиıĶ꣬ƺһҵأԭϤǰڡݡڣҲҳλ
ڵദҪһЩҲϰߡ
Ҳˣ̷ɽŵޱڲû򿱲ʲôԼͺػ£ŽѪն̨һõͬѨϡ
ˣ֪ѹûѶȡ
¸괦Ѩ֮ŨѪ򿪣µͥСؼΪӽű

ΣҰɫն̨һִ˷СأϽеţͨͥСأ²ӿ룬а컯֮ľѪֱС
Ԩʱһæоֻʲôʡ
һŷµеܺѪֻն̨Ϣһַʽ͸ն̨·һѰ϶ȵ
Ѫ̴Ѩ͸ӵˮˣǰѳɲǣͺѪСأ΢ӡ
Ѫġ̳תţڵڶѪꡣ
Ԩһָоǰ뵽̳ͷҪǴڵѪ꣬еѪɫ˸ܱ̳ɴ
ǿվ޾ꡱ͵ļ̳ӱϸ
׳˸ǿߵľѪǺ֮ļ̳ڵһѪܿġ
նֱ̨ڲͬѨԺԨĥһӡ
죬һĵĺ£ͻأظ֡
ԨϸǽݳЦ



һǧһһʮ λŮ
һֺ£˴ֳܵһ˱ٻӰ
İɭǺУֺѸٵؽӽϸϸԨܿͷֱߺˡ
µ۹Ụ̊йϵħ
ϴηֱʱ̸֪֮䣬˵ս㹻ǿԺ󣬿ȥȡ
ǰǧ磬֪һʵ
ʲôΣֻҪ밵˹ȻܵһʱӦ
ڰδ˹Ķ֣ο
ɻŮʣ֮䣬ǲǾĲ

Ȼһ»⣬ڵأҲʶ̷ɽŵޱȴˣӦþŮʡ
Ԩô⣿
ݣ̣ǼԦһ£ʱ»仯˹ħһ
ǣԭ֮ҲһλżѪҹˡ
תòŮ̬
ǡ
ĺȻ߳ҹѪ̣жῨһ˫ӨźУֳɫʡ
ڣָ˼䡣ߡ
ǣ
Ụ̊˿Լٿ˿ϰ°ΪЫĺǾȻʶ
ԨҲһȻ
˼ħǽĺףɷħ̬˸ı䣬Ϊɷħ
һδεǿףأǿɷħȫָ
˹ϵħһ壬ͬħ֧ն£һ֮Ƭ½أ˶
ͬΪħ࣬ͬںأͬŮԡ
ʶǰûʲô飬Ǿ֡
Թħһʱһ̾Щпħһ壬ʣͬ࣬Ҫҹ并ӲдħҲûбǿ٣ǵ󣬼ħȺʵҲһǧɣħѾŲϺˡ
˵ʱ
ü΢壬û˵һ仰Ե䡣
ˡ
ԨЦŵ˵ͷͷ̷ɽŵޱˣӵصðͷƺ֪̺ˡ
Գ壬Լ˶˷һԨ
˵Ůʣ̷ɽŵޱܣ̺Ҳλڴˣһͷȥд֮ܣλ
Ԩʾɡ
Сӱôġ
̷ɽŵŮԣЦݣ׵ͷھͻƣʲôͷ
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ҹѪף쳣ѸͿݡƷװȹۣһ˫Ϊӣ͸а˳ĻͨͷԳ壬ѪżʱѪܰϵǰƽţҵھķ
⻰һ̷ɽŵޱԾؿ̡
Ԩ
̷ɽЧҵģصλҲҹѪں̻İ³ɹ
ŵޱͺܶҹˣѽλ
ͬҹѪֱħ꣬뵽񾳣ںǺУѪѹƣ¶֮׼ΪѸͣѵ˵ʵȫҹ壿
λҹǺӸĵλ
ڰæ·ԶĽҹӦܹ壬壬һΪһݵĸߵǻ塣
λڣһĻѪߣȻܹܡ
һͷԨԺԼ硣
㣬ܹҹѪżһȥ̷ɽһֶۣ˵ħһ壬д࣬ҹء˴˳Ҳһʶħ
ݳĸҳ˵оһ˵õȮ졣ҹ壬ȻΪôһںݵĻѪŮޣ˷츲صľޱ䡣
ҹ壬ֻǵһߣԺࡣ̷ɽٺٹЦ
ҹϣȷʵȽ׻С壬ĽϣĿǰ΢һ㣬ҲСܶࡣŵޱĮ˵
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˽µĴأͻȻضɽҡεбʹõµ磬˿µı仯
ಣ
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èԨһ䡣
ԨȺ򣬷㲿֣Ҫ̷֡ɽ֮ѣҪǼڷĹУǸԵֶκ컯ɶ١
ŵޱ̺ԶԵЩ
֮Ԩ
Գ壬ܣһ׵Ĺ̬̷ɽһ£ＫΪֻ̣һྫͨ¹֮ߣû
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˭Ҳ룬ʲôûͱħȺΧŹ
ŵޱ̣ôһ˵Ҳý
ħǺУݵ⣬ǿһħȾǺӰڵʵȻ壬壬塢Ⱥ
ţȥԨȴŵޱ
䣬ӵܵλûصףųˣƵνġ֮
С



һǧһһʮ ֮
徧Өĺ˵ʱɫϾΪɵ
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С
ĵͫͷŽ´أƺԽʱգȥĹ
ħһ壬ħԷѣԸʵĶ̷ɽŵޱŵѡΪħĳ壬λҪԶԶǿ򡣡
Ҷ˽⣬һ̷ɽŵޱشħ꣬λжᡣֻҪɹˣʵ˲䱩һء
⣬ͣ١
꣬ҹ屻ħΪȦǿħħ꣬кü塣һħʵ˲ǵĸ൱жȺ츳ߣ˼
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˵ħħȺУаˣͳϵħϲɱħأڶħɢʱٸħǿߣȻװ֪
ԨĬĬһӣȻȻôһ
ħһ壬ħȺеĴѪںءٵ
˱Ԩȫˡ
·أ֮ķڣлǵϢ
ḧĹ⻬ëԼӰ뵽ɷħ룬庮֣̤Ժ˵ˣҪСһ㣬׿к֣ѪħڣǲҪȥƴ
ħ׹֮ǰڵ緽λҪܣȥǸǺӶɿڵأڡ̻˻ϡ
šԨͷ
֮ͰأȺųǼλȥƽνġ֮

ͷųһֻֻûǵСɷħ˳ŵصѷȥ۾һĻĻݸԨ
Ԩ˶ըѵĵصһ飬ؽ
ѩ׵Ľ飬Ȼƣϸȥƻͷ֮⣬΢Ĵܡ
ûֳˣȴ̷ɽŵޱ̺ڵص׵Ĳͬλá
ŵޱѪطְڡ֮֮ϣûܡ
̷ɽǻһְƴСġ¡ľµطŲΪУȡš֮ܣ˳ȥȻУǷ̲ʲô
ŵޱ̷ɽỤ̊ɡ֮Чʼ͡
ƺһûҵʲôõķǲѪ츳ܴӡ֮ڻȡ
෴ԼҹѪϢȻ֮ţ׵ʯʧ
һĪչʱԱߣһ
Ůʵɫ͸һ䣬ĥԵϢ
ϵҹѪ츳ȥȡ֮ľܣǷ·ˣħһͨ
פǣ£Ȼڷһ߰ľӨ֮ˡ֮
֮ħһѸȡš֮
ܿ죬ջͳ̷ɽŵޱ
ף
ָһֺ£лȡ̷ܵɽע⵽Ůʵ쳣
ؿȥŵޱȡܵķʽҹѪͨɣ
ǣڹħһ壬ʧ֮ŵޱüͷ΢壬ԵЩĽħһڶȷǹĪ⡣ҹִģٵ֮Ҳܹħ
Լ𡣡䳰Цȷе˵ǵūҹʱһЩ֮лȡšأЩţӡѪڣǵԼĶˡ
ŵޱԣüͷĸˣȴûз
Ϊ֪ݵλħһ弫ߣԷ˵ģ滹Ǽ١
˵ġ
һɷħеĺд
λɼħɵɷħͨɷħҰԨһŵ±仯Ԩ󣬸֪ࡣ
ҹڵ츳ͨطǰħ塣ħʽ΢ʼҹ棬ҹȫ̽ħȻҲħľͶܵʶ
Լ⣬ȥħȺȻҹ壬ûλ֮ɹҶĿ¼һҹȺһ֮߸ҹ壬ùħҹ֮ϡ
һߵǻ壬ʮѪǿߣȺѪԣ˶ı䡣λص峤ҹѪǰƶһءĴڣıҹȺֱǴ漣ߡ
Ԩ಻ѣλڵģڵĻѪûм棬Ѿޱ̵Ӱ죬⡣
κͻȻ֪ѨڵǱ˷
΢̴Ѩɳġ
һߣԡ̳ѹһ߷ݳһʱУһž޴Ѫ꣬ӿţΪһͷģԳ̬
ԯ
Ԩίߣͷżԯ˾ԳѪɶһѪ꣬Ϊڴ˿˷



һǧһһʮ ԯʬ
ԯѪ꣬־Գ̬ţ״
Ѫ߰ĹǾԳ̬Ѫ걬żѪķɱĵص硣
ԨظӦžԳ̬Ѫ꣬Ϊصֵ첨ͻ쳣
ԯ֮Ѫ꣬ؿţ͸̰ܵ
Գ࡭
Ԩ򦣬¶˼Ŀ⡣
أԳӽˣ˵߻ԨԴ
ڴڣ񾲣ؼеԨ󣬡Ҳһͷƾõԯ͵µͷԳǰ˽ͼãԳûǺǰϵ㲻
ʮԳǿԺ󣬻Ĺϵһǧˡ
Գ࣬ǰԻΪסԳܳΪ񣬾˵ҲлڰƶͷɵԯҲȥƬ󱲵ݣݼ񡣡

˵Եľ⡣
˵ֽλУʵӦý
ᵽʶͷ죬ƺ±ע⵽
Ŷڣһٴοڣ룬ͷɫ컢ûǿԯ춯ǾԳдѪϢܵҪȥ׳Լ
ԨͷҲΪ
С֮Ĵڣڵ̳ʱûӦԯԳͬԳȺѪĹԯѪ꣬ǿ˸֪Ի
ԽţСɷħҰ۲涯
պ
̷ɽλܵǿߣʩӲӵġ֮УŰֱ֮ԼѪڣ׳Լ;磬ջ
Ụ̊ħһĹطȡΪ硣
֮壬õڶܵע룬ԵӨ͸͵ؿȥȻڵ
֪ǲ̫Լԭȡܵǲš
Ԩһֱ۲ţóĽǣջ񻹲̷ɽŵޱһЩ
ֹ˰գġ֮ʧȥܺ󣬻Һɫөʯ顣
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ȷλɱɽ͸Ѫ̵а񷨵䣬ڻͨѧ˵Ĳݡ
ħ׿ˣ̩̹Գʮ֮ȥƵɷħԣһĮ˵
ǿվ޵ķҪʱ䣬һһϦ꣬ǧ֮áǿŲ֪ӺѰ࣬ԳǻӵһѪߣǽͷʮдѪܾ
֮͵ڵС̩̹Ρ
ֻ׿Լǧ£֮£Ҫǿڵֹͣ˷һͷСǿվޣͨصĸʽȡ
Ůʽ͡
ŵޱˡ
̷ɽ̾һ˫ðź⣬ϣϣѪɫƵҹ峤ϣź˵ƱػữѪū
ȻˣѪūҲὫΪҪĿꡣ˺ѪأһŵޱرŵޱеѪɫۼᱻ׿˲д־ūţȥѵѰݵ鷳
ͣ
Ԩıǻ̳ѽǰһѪ֮΢̳طǻѪء
䱾壬ҲŸ߿նȥϡ
ʱҲֿˣ֪λĻţ֪ħ׿˱ǧ磬ԳûǱѪħĴ˷ء
ѡʱ򣬺һǲ³׿˻زڿ̩̹ʱǼƿ˵ǣѪ̵ͨСǿվ޵ľ裬׳Լ
׿ˣΪǧ֪ѣѶͨ˸ʽ
ʽһʼǿվ޵ķƻҲֹͣ
׿˲Ҫջأͷǿվ޵Ҫ֪ûгεޣһ뵽ĸʽС
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Ҳܹһӣǧķ粨ƽϢԸ̬֮ٴǱ򣬽ɢ䣬Уһֲд־ջأٻһط۷塣
ԨĥҲµࡣ
ݣҪ޵ľ裬Ȼıȡ档
׿˵ĸʽҪ޵֧֣ûǰѾսˡ

Ԩıɷħʱҹĳŵޱ˫ҫѪâӿֳܣ治ϵأƿѷҪɱĲݡ
ˣǿŹ࣬ûд춯ص
ͣͣ
ŵޱݵӣ϶ʱڶ˲ɣ̩̹ĵǣǵǻ硣
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⵰ǣȻ˼̣ƺΪС
ԨɷħعüʶСأһͻԼڵ̳˸׿˵Ѫ֮ѪâѪ֮
һư컯Ѫܣอ١
Ȼ䣬ľЩ㱣ƿһĻĻģĻ档
Լһ׿ˣûпԸǴ󲿷Ũܺ룬ŻΪأվһž޴ʻϡ
еľ޴ʻ࣬µǸ̺ŵܺѪҲֲס
ĸ׿ˣѪħ츳ǿŻࡣ
Դˣȥħϯλ
һ䣬ƺ˺ܶꡣ
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Ѫɫ񣬸һ£ڼȡԳ֫֡
ȵһĻ࣬С˺ܶ࣬Եøɱݽߵ֮࣬ϣ棬Ͻɫ޵
󣬸׿಼ã޽Ѫɫͷ
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һЩģĻ棬ҲǸ׿ȺνΪ˷שߡ
ʱȥѪ֮˺ָЯͬȺľŮӣһй
ۣۣ
Ԩ˼ʱ޵еǵѪӰͱ׿˶ữѪūŵޱս
Ԩ̳𣬲һѪ
Ԩ¼̳ʱ򣬴ǵڣͻһɿֲס̳޵ȥ



һǧһٶʮһ ܴ
ѪķλǡɱϽɫڴ
ÿһѪشħ׿ˣǿߵѪ֮
ѪԨ̳漫δ룬ֱɢѪ˷ˣϽͼ̳ȥ£
˭֪ѵڣȻͻ
̳ţܵڵ³䡣
ݣ
ԨɫȻһ䣬֪Ծæ£Լ̳͡ѪӦҪ챦ҷѨϡ

һѪΪȷ˿ϸĳĵ磬м⵶̳͡صѪ֮ߣ˲նϡ
ôһ̳׶
Ԩĵ׷⣬͵ؿ̡
֪б䣬ЩѪܹĵ繥̣Ҳǹħġ
ֻи׿˿ԣ
˿̵̣һֻͫӨ׹죬һֻͫðŰâϵ鲻ϱãʱɲʱû˿в
ӲӹеһһҲϽɫ
ÿ̤ռ䶼ڿ죬·زĿֲѹҪһ㡣
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ԨͷԲδھ̣ܹӵмռѹ
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󶦣͵£ΪһʽϣħƾļС
ɷħļУȫţħһش䶯ţǧɷħ޺Х˺ѵء
Уͪ·һˡ
һӨ̣ѸپɣһӶűӨ̣ڰл
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̡׳ģһĳѪΪѪɫĵ磬ܺӰ죬Ʊʱᡣ
Ԩġ̳Ҳɭɭû
·Ͻɫڣǹ̳ʩӵǣǱӨ̣һ䣬ն۲ɼİŦ
Ԩ̳ϵȻ´ɣ΢̳ŷ
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Ԩֶ࿴ۣڼڣᵽ˺ƼףƵħɷħϢ˵ǿɷħڼڣ⶯á
꣡
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Ϊ˵Լ򾳽绹ڻξֲܹԦն̨ҲʱﲻǰλΡ
ԣˣ̷ɽԸ׿˺ͲʱûΪҪս
ԨС



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ĺ罻֯ռܲסıУ羵Ӱѿ
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˵ʱȥʾ̷ɽ̷ɽ֡
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ţ¹ȴδɢ˳أ뵽ڡ
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ŽʵԨ΢̷ɽһҫ˿㣬ǿ鶯ػţԵ̾
ܶھޣֳΡķʱɽ壬ǧɸߡ
̷ɽƺ֮£Сǰ̶ȣԸϸķʽȥԴˣƻԷĲá
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ϵıЩϾɡѨֿ˼ɢݳϢԨѹ֣ڡ
ݣ
˲ư㣬ԭʧֵһѷ촦
ҰɫⲨţӲĵǣ˲鿪˲١
Ԩͷһֳһסķ϶ƺǵķ϶ͻȻϣԼܼʱ
ˣѾֿԨڲѰݵ鷳
ŮʣҺԩ޳㻵Һ
Ϥ𣬵ȷǺԨμĲݣǰҲΪ˼󻼡û׿˵ĸʽҲɹˣͨѪħطڶаѪԼ׼ĸʽҲĦ͸ˡ
ĸʧܣѵ뿴ģ
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̩̹ôӲʯƺҲޣų˺ͲݵĿֲսȻδըԣػ
뿴͸׿һȥ



һǧһٶʮ 
ŮĮȻ仰ȻӿֳҪĺƵܡ
ǣ˲͹Գ˸಻ƽ
һɽײҪ鵰ǣĻй
λаһϱţ֪޷ˣٶԡ
ĿԣѪâӵǱķ϶ڣʱһ֡
ÿһչ֣ھ޴󵰿ѷ֮㱻һ˿
ڤڤУ·йϵħħţǣȥĥеĲ񴫳С
н֯ѪɫڵĻŵԿ
˺Ͳݵսһ죬ƺ漰˴
еԨ֮Ľʣɫ
˿̣׷ɱʹħ׿˵Ĳдʶ
̷ɽ΢Сϸ׸ĸʽ䵷ٷ飬Ǽսݡ
Щħھľ뢣սƥԵ򷨹̸
򾳽ƿδܴƣ֮ûܾӵž춯صն̨ˡնļֽǲܾչûǿߣгʱս
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˵ˣ粻㡣
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һͷΪС΢⣬뵽ն̨ڡ
ʱ֮˪ʬðľ⣬ڶѵʬڣƺǵѪ֮˸ʲôţǣš
Ѫ֮˸·ͷʬڣΪ
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ʱ֮ͷ­ڴһɣ·ᴩʱյ
ʱԨԺвԽأðһͷ
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Ϊն̨ˣʹڻȫն̨Ȼܹȥ
ڣᵽһĪΣԥ
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㣬ˡ
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϶ͷصӿ֣Ԩĸ֪УôôĿһոյǲõĺͯͻѣ֪ԼϾҪˣԱܵ
ͷԨһɬȻ֪նĸо

ʶСص񣬺ն̨ڣԡ
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ʱʱ֮ɢݳʱŤתʱյϢƺǱʶڣҡ
һڶңǧ߼жϣħĶһ棬ָ޵ȣѰһͷš̳޵ĲкӿֵĻһûɾԼ
Ҳʱ뵽ǰΪҩԼͳ룬ҪȫԼΪԼҲΪԼ
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һԼѡ
ȻȳʱܵľĲͿȺ̬ȻŤת˹Ҳ޷Ϊܡ
ǴĵףһϿ룬뵱Դ
룬Ǹо㣬ûʧڹؼʱԸΪȥ
ԨǺ棬Ҳ˭ûκˣӰңȥıңʹǰңҲУ
һͷųͷӴе޻塣
Ҹΰ㣿



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Ҹΰ㣿
Ԩͷͷţʱ֪ͷޣ˾ϵ
ţɪɪޣ͵һ顣
ԵЩãȻֵӣ˷ܵأĹѰһӦԴ
ӣƺҲ˶࣬ٽ䱸ɭϣһϽɫĻƣ磬㣬ںδ
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ʱ֮ңֻᵽͬϢƺЩԡ
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һ뵽һͷ̩̹пն̨ڵе㲻
ʼ˼ǴĴɣֶôµδ֪ա
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ҡһ䣬ҹ峤ŵޱǣһθݵӡ
ӣʱΪĸ׿ˣûïܵĺ룬ǸɸɾȻԵÿݷǷ
ֻһ˫ͫȴ󣬻ȻϣڽĻâĹ⣬޵Ļأ׿üͷ
ոջڼսĲݣŮʣҲǰĹ䣬ʱͣ
˵ֻۣҲתƵ״
ռ𵴡
ֹһһ²⣬֪ǺԨеǿն̨йأΪԨֹһ˵ͨն̨֪ǿ
ն̨ڲصһͷͷʬΪ̩̹ĺᡣ
һͷСģǵ̩̹ޣʱ֮ʬĺӦԨûŪߡ
Լµİ˾Ųʮ
λ۹ĵߣɫͻָƽ̧һϸ첲ָԵÿݵĸ׿ˣָʹŲݣ˵ɱ
Ϊβ㣿һ㶡
ûѪ̵طҶɱҲòʲôⷬ˵ȻɱӡŵޱڵѪܣԳûաʶħֻ꣬ҪƳҾ͸ɾ
ݵҲɴ࣬󣬶˵Ǹ׿ˡ

ŨĻҰܣǶͷţ֮
ݶԸ׿ʱţѵϽɫûһѷ롣
Ǹ׿ˣЩѷ뿪Ҳȳ硣
λͬԺݵǿ뢣׿˶áƻꡱڣħתƵŵޱڣǵսУ˶ݵĬ
׿ˣ
ܷ׿˵ġƻꡱҲʧЧû취ֶͬΣ»ع鵽ڡ
ⲿֲдħʶһɱ𣬸׿˽ش
һ֣ǿʹܳѪħĶ壬ⲿħĻ𣬻ҪѸʱ;һļ䡣

Գһ͵ɭлṇ̃Ѫա
Ө׵ֳһ˿ʹ֮ܣԾ޴ı⣬׵ش̴
̽ڽںˣ˱ӣϵؽֱ顣
׿˵ħѪ⾫ܣԡƻꡱʽפŵޱʬһ̣սͱˡ
׿˺ţܶô˷صĸŤתʵ޴
ġ̡ܺ൱ûԵ·硣
׿һߣʣ֧ţܿԳƣ̬
Ϊֹˡ
ɫĮأű⣬貱⣬û

ʽϣƾеɷħڰ룬Ϊڴ󶦣貱һס̡
һ̣ɷħӿֳŲΪаľС
ƼףƵħ꣬ȫ룬Сɷħγһɻ޷ܵ
ݣ
žɹװȹħ̬ӡ̡ǣӲ롣
˲УֱꡢƼסƵħһӵϳס
ħ껺³ܿ뵽СأѺڰ˲ݵһϯλ
ǧɷħҵʶһļ䣬йһУ֧顣
ֻʣ£ħһ徫ʶȱ
ˣְŪһͷɷħ
û˼űͷԵȴ޵񣬿ץն̨һ˼Ԩ
Ԩһͷ
ͨԿ죬һƼ˶СУнڱ
ɷħĵڰ˽ݣսȥʱһ¡
ħ񼶱𣬶ļΪûʲôȱʧ֮ԭȵļ䱻ɢһΪµūӡܵҡɹѱͻһ㡣
͡
ǽħ̬ʱʵǲ쳣Сġ
Ϊ֮ǰˣܺʹ˿̵ȡ
ԣҪһףһͻƽݡ
ȻɹΪɷħ֮󣬽һϵسϲݳ߱ڶʱڣͺͺһִʮǿɷħĿԡ
ãܺã
ԨԸأĵأӦеĳޡ
һߡ
ն̨ڲ磬ʱ֮ʬأУ̩̹أչӣشܡ
ľ⣬һͷͷ˼żʬзɳȫӿ
ÿһ̣ܸܵԼǿ
ܡ
ԳڵܺѪǿĶϴӾգܼȡѪ֣ͷͽ
ϾԳ࣬ɳϵĺѡ
˷صһͷͷʬѪڵܾ⣬ɳѡ
жľЩܾ⣬ֱĻ塣
ԡľУʲôͿеڰĻ׳ѪϾţΪʵʵѪ͹ǡ
ǣá
ģεޣԨֺðͽط
һЩȸ׿˵ħУȥ£ĵǡ
Ӧһ䣬ԨֻعʶСأֻһͷʱעն̨޵һһ
ʱҲ˹Źֵ
еһǵһʾλն
һһֽ̳Ƕߣն̨ѹҲ
ڣȴһͷС̩̹ʬȥ
ϡ



һǧһٶʮ ٤ʬ
Ǻӣһѵǳ֮ϡ
ͷħϣڵͷն䡣
ϣХţӴһΡɫɽѹ
ֳ޴Ľ񣬿ֲ£ϣһͱϡá
һŨ綾ĴǾ޴֩룬Ӷаš
ŻѤ⣬ϣͷһһ뾱ɡ
̺涾ͷħϣûħ꾹Ȼ޷ħѶܡ
ٳĴΪ׵ħǿߣɢǳı𴦡
ϣһӰħ岢ħħЩħ޵Ϯɱ£ɻ
УԦš٤ħĪ⣬һֱЦţĴɱ¾
ӰħһҪѸݣħ񼶱ϣһͷӰŵĲ䣬ڲж
ŨŨ͸ϣħڣеľ룬ҲţΪݵ롣
ۼѶԾ̬֣ҲΣ۹⣬˿룬˰ɣ
ţͷħϣҵѪܵõͻơ뵭Ȼ
ԱһڵĴаڵħߣʱҲ˾⡣
룬ҵϣӰħسѨ
ϣҲ࣬ɢݵŨ綾ϣɥʧսȻűش
綾Уϣħܲ綾ʴţԽԽ
յĽϣĵĲʱ̬Ӷţ˾ͷħһͷ
˵ء
ħھ΢΢ۣѵǳͻȻĪ˵٤ħһá
ĪûκԥɣֽǱħ׸
ӹħǳУĬĬӦΡ
ֽħǳһϿϿȡ

ϿȱǱħײ֧飬ĥ̰ľʯķһͨںڣνǧɵ֡
ںڵ壬ǽһ㣬ϸħףȴ俪ප
ȥħȫǷŴǧ̬ͷŨںڣ֫ǿȻһħ
ħޣֱƺΪħ޵ھ󣬷֣̬ܶħ
ħǻտҲƱڳߡ
նؿڣӿֳħܣʱðһЩĵ硣
ֵǣ٤ħƯͷ­ǻߣ˵İ
̾Ϣһ٤ޡ
٤ޣ٤ħˣ
ĪһΡ뷨ħܸܵһ纣ħܣӿƺӰ˴˿ǳľ
Ǳ٤ħǳųǳľ𣬱ġ˲²⣬ħǳҲѿ٤ޣǺս屻ӰħõŪ
ƺħǿߣȥ٤޵ħࡣ
ǣ౻ڳˣħ

ͷѽ⣬˭ȡǿࣿ
õ٤޵ħ࣬ʸȥħȻҲħ񼶱𡣶ңѾһӣԳɹģƫƫĴ࣬ʹǰеŬһ񡣡
֡ҡҡͷҲ벻ͨ
Ī⣬Ȼ٤޵壬ҷûȫԿܷͨħȡһЩеܡһ£Сһ㣬ǻѹ٤ʧȥǻλЩŹϢǻһЩ
ã
Īһϲɫأɵħֻס
ͷħϣʬһεѪâС֩룬Ũ綾͸ϣħꡣ
룬Ҳڶնͬأ٤ǻ

Ѫħء
Ԩն̨Ի֪жʱԳϵŮʣҲƿ˱Өеķɹ̤
̤Ϊһħ壬ûкǿ
˵ˡ
ŲȻ»Եָ̣Ѻǡ
һࡣ
ԺСأһְƴСԲ£ԲһӡǣŹħһ壬ڶྫط̼ܵ⡣
⣬ħ뿪ǰµĶ
ǱĽʱ˸׿˺ȻЭ
׿˵Ĳд־ϣĻǣһС
֮޼䣬̶ȵطħơ
ĻǣԸķʽȥս
ᣬȸףܵõҲǿ
һͲˣ
ܾ˸׿˵飬λħڼִ󣬸׿ЭֻǱѹĽǻ
ȻûֱӺ͸׿˽ˣĽս
ŮȻ޲ڵ֪ɷħգҪΪһɷħʱеѹ
ܣܽͷų𣿡
Ƭ̺󣬵ʱɳ
ҡͷˡ



һǧһٶʮ ħĸʽ
Сأ;
ʩӵūӡǣһݣڶɷħɹħѾӸϸıĻ̬
ħ꣬Ȼ䡣
纮ǰ㣬ǿɷħٵǵʮݣЩҵģ֧ļ;ٴŲ롣
ʱܻ¼֪Ͼʲô
Ȼ浽ʱ򣬴˿̵޽ūӡǣҲ׳̶߳ȣȫƿͻǣܵ˳ӡ
ΪÿϳһݣӡҲ֮ǿһأ֤ʵǺ󣬻ѻɡ
ûɱ㣬˵Ķˡ
űƲƲ죬㲻λŮʣڴһ죬ܿ쵽Ԩԡ
Ȼĳ̾һټ֡
˿̣ĽѪУһƴܣĻͥСأһꡣ
꣬Ϊ֮
ħ꣬䱻ɷħ룬ǰ֮֮ͨڡ
֮⣬׿˶áƻꡱадʶתŵޱʱŵޱ֮ܣһЩ
ܹ棬ܵǣӸʱ䡣
ȡģŵޱģޱȴ֮󲿷뵽̵Ľǡ
У׿˶ݼԦǣѪħطʱѪ֮ϴһǡ
ϴӵѪ·ҲȻأ֪š
ʶСأһ֡ԲҫŹħһ̸֮ͨ
ʶĬĬڵ״нһġ
ͻȻͼţҪ̫ãҹѪȵõѸͻơ
ŵޱͿǰ㣬ﵽżҹѪ
УֻҪħڶطţܴ񾳣ҵʶھķӡ
ʱǻʵھޣӵҹľżѪ
һֻµõѣ
̰ȭ
еʱЦЦ񣬵ͷһ£ƺ˼룬ҪǵǸ£ܹڲúԽңӵвҵҽǡ
ɫһ䣬ֵҪ²ãҪңҾͲˡ
㣿һ
һСֵӡոմڳ룬֮䣬һ˿΢ϵһӨֻ֣ɿڽ֯ıУٴλģѭһ˿΢ľϵԶһֶΣ֪ʲô
䣬ɷħԨ¡
Ԩ˵ͷһɵƯ
بյľԳϴԳë֪ιʣۿɼٶȣϸúɻҡ
Գ壬ɱСܿͳƤǡ
ǿŸ׿Ҫ࣡ĸʽû̷ɽֹڼšϾ
ԨҲ˲Ծ
ʮдѪ类޾ˮһ㣬ӿǿࡣ
Уһâ⽻֯Ѫ£͵˿Ҳ޷֪֮أȥ׳׿˵ľѪ
̷ɽģ˿ĹߣĴţҲڴݻʲô
Ȼݻ֮ѪάֻⲿѪע룬ٴεȫµѪά֯
׿˵ĸʽʼûбϣûбƻ
ϽɫУݺͳ֣ڲŵޱжĸ׿ˡ
ѿķ϶Ұɫûһ˿һڲϢйĵǣǳ఼ָ͹ƽ
ն̨У̩̹ޣȡ˼żʬܣǿ
ȥ̷ɽɣ
еͷԨѯ
Ԩгɡ
вݺͳ˺Ÿ׿˽ŵޱжĲдʶ壬Ȼ޷ѣսûǰҲ޵뷨ǰն̨ȥǾ޴Ͻ
̷ɽִ࣬ѽ߾ȫأԴݻٸ׿˵ĸʽ
ûһӳɹڴĦʽʱʽڼԳʣµѪ⾫š
ٵһȡ
֪ΪΣܵؾòףΪ棬Σա
Ŷ
ȫģɵ˳ӣټ֡
˿̣ԨĻչĬĬ꿪ۡ˫תţ¹۲Ŵ˷ѪħĽء
ܿ˷صС磬ڰܣ˳ŵ⡣
յӴԳʬСصı𴦣ԵúܿտûѪħ¥ҲûһƼ쳣ͬûı
ѪСصģ羧ġ̳ڻ
ʱأһѪ֮ɢݣѨϣǺʶСء
Լ䣬һĻǲĻ棬֪и֡
һǧɵħ࣬ؿദһ渲ħףڵϡ
Ѫâͻ˿֪Ӻξ£ţħǻᡣ
Ȼһ䡣
ѪħļλϣϥţڳһӨľ庡ǡ
ûѪ⣬ֻʣ¹ͷ̩̹飬ɽţҲǿտҲ
ЩѪħϣʱһſʻģ࣬طѪɫڳǾ߾庡ǵǻ
̩̹ûĲλȼѪ¯ûŵѪɫ
ħ׿˵ĸʽֹһ
ԨȻʧɫʶλѪħ峤ڴ˷СأҲأĸ
磬һħ࣬һ̩̹ĺǣǰԳʬԼµĺ֣



һǧһٶʮ 
䣡
ԨԺȻһлģĻ棬ʧĸɸɾ
վɷħелУһʱԾ𽥵ػָѣȻ֪ʱ˿̣ڱأʲô
ǿ࣬Ҷžͺã
֪һ䣬һֽսʣһֻ֣Ѩϳ˳㽫ն̨߬
ǿϽɫԥȻ¡
˿̣̣֪ʲôɫɵؿ

ӰڿҪǿʱһӰȻ֡
ӰɻҰɫϢɣչõŮ󻯵ڱ֡
Ԩʱֹסơ
սûôͻȻ˼У
ɢϢĳһѷ촦ؿԨ
Ԩ£һѶĹ⣬üģֱ˵
ûκν䱸ſһ㽫Ĺû̼֪һС
Եȣʱأ𼱣ڿʼսдĸ׿ˣ
˲ȥϽɫڣŲæȴŲݣȥɱħ׿ʶԱӭĹ
ȱĿһ룬ۣλһ淨չֳ
ͷ۵ĳˣͷŻڴݡ
ּĹĶ滨Ӱ˷ȥӴеģλݣԵÿݲĸ׿ˡ
ȫԸʱڣϢ޴ڡ
˺صܣÿһռ䣬ţ·ࡣ
̩̹ʹˣ;ԳؿڵǿŹ࣬˿
âصߣ˲䳶ϣ
࣬Ѵڣȡһ˿һ
󣬾ͼȥʹø׿˵壬ֽըѿ
ҰɫܱΪǧɱ׿˵Ĳла
׿˲ĵУڴ̶ײŵǣȴûһХܹ͵档
ݹЦһһѪˮŸ׿ըѿģһ⣬ûʳ̲صѪܡ
ͬʱһѪɫ⣬򳹵ʧǷɳڡ
׿ǲԲݶѲѣټϳ˲ĳ֣ǰ
ϹۣҪĨɱ׿ˣٰʱ
Ĳսø׿ʡʱ䡣

Ͻɫʧȥ˳˵ճ֮󣬿ʼѡ
ڴ˿̣֮ϵԨ΢ԴİѪͻžܣ籼ӿĽӰע뵽еն̨
εն̨һϢŴǧ
ԡеն̨ѤôĿҫ۾
ȥ
Ԩһȣն̨翪ٵصľУǿ̩̹ѿҵը
ɫͽɫƬ⣬ܣѪ׷׻ն̨
Ұɫն̨еСأɼ
ն̨ҲȻ͸峺һͷ޵Ļ壬ھӿ쾧âڼػ
޾꣡
֮ĿռУһѪӰһλϢӣһն̨˱̩̹޻ǡ
ȷǱԨȣն̨ڣ㡭Īɸҽȥɣ
Ƶָ̬ŴǧûŵƬն̨ݣȫ̽˰ɽļ䣬Ҳ֪ڵص䣬а˫޵㣬ͨӦòն̨ɣ
ɫ粻ЦûиӦ
ն̨Լжϡ
ǺӵĴɱصΪֲ֮
˵õϿߣûκһ飬ڽն̨Ժܳɹ
ն̨ͷ񣬽ͷżͰ˼ľټϿʯľλļ˭ȥ
˽Һʧϧҡҡͷ̸°ɡߣأҲڽŸ׿˵ĸʽ
һݣ̽Ȼɫ
УС
һĻĻ棬Ϊ˸Ժը
һǼ䣬ͨԨĸ֪Ԩĳ
ѹ֡
һѹǿĸʽʼת֮󣬲ûѪħϣҴҵش͹ԭأһʽţѪħϣƶĸʽпø׿
ֻҪǸ׿˻Ѫ֮طԼʹ
ȥûԳħӿʣûɸֻҪܴǿ

˵ʱһ
ǰֳɷħֻ꣬ɫĺԨݸĳ棬س֡
ݣ˻Ůʣֱ۵ؿǰԨƼĶ
أǻǴŻͨ
λһķ࣬͵һ䣬̬֮ƺʹսάϵŷ֮ҲȺķԴʱչַ
ñȣѨ˴໥ͨдݣ
˵˵ͷ

ն̨ͷСأϽɫ޵ѣȥķ棬·ڽžĵ
ԨԸӦһ£ӿֳϲ
ն̨ıʣµļӣǿΪʬУ˿̻۵ĵǣҲǿվ֮ǺԭĿʯһµԺ
ˣն̨ô˳ôˮɣ·Ӧˡ
̩̹һ鵰ǣն̨ͺñ˼Ĵޣ԰ѪٴδǺ͹



һǧһٶʮ 뻢ıƤ
ն̨ǿϽûںʱڵĲݣѸٺ
ܿ죬б˾
еѪⶸȻһͷҫĳȡ˰ɫѪۣϵаϢһҲյĸɸɾ
Ȼ䣬һλľӣǵЦݺһº͡
кȻӯתĽѨС
һâ͵ĹȦ֣
һ̷ɽȥ˴׿˵ĸʽ
һںһޱŵԨͳ˵̩̹Ƭ޾꣬Ȼն̨ƴá࣬Һ̷ɽĨ׿˲дӡԺҲ
ն̨Ԩһ㶣ʱô˵ˣ
½ʱװǰɽĲݣͲʲôƲ硣
֮ȣطֻҪɱң飬ÿһɱ
ˣԨǱˣ벻Ȼǰɽڲݡ
룬ڵߣȥɱ޹
ǲǵһʶҶ˽Ķ࣬ʵ֪ĲࡣȻһЦҺ棬ףҲݾһˡ
ݣ
ͻȻһƣͷºͣϴۻĺȻ֮⣬ǿŲϼȡԳдѪܵȥ
ƣ΢ΪĴָС߲Ѥãڡ
ħ׿ˣ˹һλǵĵˣҲǳԺݵ幫Сɱ׿һϣĿ̬һ£һչֳ⡣
ݵǽݽߵ洫
ǿ࿴ƿݽߣԳİѪܣѱ߰˰ˡ
ήݽߵͷħ׿˲дľѪʵΪһţĥ̰СѪɫ顣
ħѪܣǸѪɫڽС
౾ԳѪܣ֮ǰ̩̹ڣȻɵѪɫ顣
ݽǣƻ֮أ̷ɽƻһЩѪߣصķʽŲ
̷ɽֻһζնϣͼϵѪܽ
ͬһƣ羫׼Ŀ̵һֻֻ֣նĳֻ߽ĽµѪ֯һѪߣķʽӡ
̷ɽǰƻһΪͨѪħ帴ʽߣȫµַ΢
ȻͨѪħ壬ָʽľ
ڣħ׿˵нᾧԨٲȡ˿
ݵڴǿڣƵشҪģǵҴãȴ˷صеն̨ңǣʹһء
ǾħĽأǵڶĿ꣬Ҫݻĵڶ֣
ڶ֮󣬻еأڶѪħڴһɱ
ңϣܹλͨôħ׿˵ĸʽȫһ

ǰ콾һ߻ƻǰĸʽһߺгأʵͼ
ݣ
̷ɽΪһϸâǿѸǴ󣬻˵̬
ڲݽ룬һȥԴħĸʽʱ̷ɽ֪ݲǶ֢ҩ
̷ɽ飬Լж֤ݿԡ
ˣԣΪ˴ĿģֶܲΡһ̻Уһ̣ͨЭ̷ɽʱһ۽µԳ֪صĸʽҪȫݻ٣ø׿
أԴ½ͼ½һ֣ͻȡů㣬Ҿڸ׿˵һϣȷȺ
ңݸĳ⣬ƺҲ
̷ɽ˵仰ʱԨ
Ҳ֮
ȥѪħһأѪħĳɱҪ̷ɽг˺
Ҫȥأն̨
ִѨѨĳˣҲûһſݽߵ࣬͵š
ݾ㣬Ż˴󷽵ģڴ˷صĺջ
ͼģԨڵĴӦϿɣȻһأȷ׿˵ĸʽʧˣļƽϡ
ȿĳ⣬Ը׿˵ĸʽǲ˵ôͨԨ

ݵĳЦÿһѤöʵƴҴӰɽУ֪ǺѪħԨԴõһλѪħϵĲдʱڲѪħĸʽΪҪĶüʮ꣬ʱȥͼı
˿̣ڴˣҸڴˣȻǶԼģ
Եһᣬ֪ԣûдɷ֡
΢С⣬ǿ΢ڴأ˶ظоԳдѪܣûǿˣ׿˵ĸʽһֹͣġ

е⣬ƣеѪɫ顣
Ԩ棬໥ѶԷԽ䱸ȻĬĬȺ
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ָѪɫ飬Ԩ¶һЦֻ̳ȥڡȻҲʱ
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ÿһֻ֩룬ڣǶӿֵܣ;׳һ֡
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ඥļħʶȷʵܿġҿûͻƵھǰԺڵĵط㾡֡˿ңҲΪá
ĪıŭɫһֵԨкһֱͷնֱ̨ӿս𣿣

Ԩ鳩ޱȣһЦſµΣħϣòݽ׿˵Ѫ֮ᾧȥҾֱӿս½ʱһţأһͷſˡ
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һ֡Բ¡ɣƬ֮̾ࡣ
ЩԲ¡ڽɫԣٸĵһý䲻ܡ
ھΪ̷ɽڣΪ޵š
Ǻʱ߱һ򣬺Ͳٵ廹װΪ壬˼ҵǳꡣ
ȹܶޣгԺݵĴɱǿ߲ࡣ
ĴڣȻ̷֪ɽѲ֪֮λڵĹֲţһλԪϯλķǷ
ѲҵĶ֡˵仰ԥȻֳλһ࣬ͷۣͬһǣֱĴϢ
ħڴ˵ħޣһɨƽ
ıһ棬Ī⣬ûκζදֻħλ¹ȥֱɢݵĻ֮⡣
Ȼɫ
̷ɽټϴ˿̵ĳˣȫˡ
ΪλҲһӪһĸҲ֪˵ս
̷ɽǿһ⼫Ϊսɴǰľ粢رڡ
Ȼ˿̳˵淨һԸһ£ˡ
֪ǰֳĳˣȷǶ֡
أ
ԾϷȻεۡ
еħߣ֮󣬷·𶼿ɷħƺƵسǵʶ

ûھħޣͻȻʧأһרעʶе쾰
ҪԨڣȵ
˳ĬӦ
̷ɽЦ˵ݲ֣Ȼ࣬ɻǲŶˣɷħڣռˡ
ˣݣæģǿѪ֮ᾧ㶪ǡ
Ƴһۣ׿˵Ѫɫûţ϶㣬ħļһﵨҺǾ֪
Ԩڵأն̨죬ǳѪû
ֱӶĪ֣ΪŲƵǣһƣǴ˿̵սռϷ硣
ټϣҪѪ֮ᾧ룬ַ档
ƾһ񼶱ħޣӸ֮Ī⣬ʲôǽа壿
оǲ
͵һЦúĪôõĹڽǽˡ
չĪΪֵʸ񣬿¶ûˡ
Ȱʱ
ݵ䶯Ѫ⴫֮󣬴ħ׿˵һѪ֮ᾧҾͽ롣ŶԨȥǣ٤ħʬеĲдѪܡеĲѪܣҪΪ͵ҪѪħĽء
ǸоֻҪԨ룬ֻҪǿն̨٤ħʬܱû
ãʱ˵



һǧһʮ ͻ
ڵĲݣħ׿ˣѪɫ顣
Ԩһħ⣬ȥԼĪ⣬Īٿƣ֦
ĪվħϣԨ񣬸
ҪκѣԼףʱյԨѾҪȥĴˡ
̷ɽгˣľ뢴ɣԴԨʱ̬ȣѱһС
ԨɳΪܹЩԻĴڡ
뵽⣬ĪͲζʼԼ
ѵƽƽΪ׵ͣ񾳵Ϊűںӣ
Żɵӣ䣬ħ
֪ħһɣܳ޳ĻԺĺж
ѵǳ֮ϣ˽ߣûˡ
ն̨գ͸ĻãϢе˺
ǿߣ̷ɽˣҲƵƵն̨ͷŵϢ
ڣ漣ֱӴ
Ԩǳô˰ʱల£ѪСУפ仯ŵġ̳
羧ġ̳˸׿˵Ѫ֮ᾧջ˺һѶ
֮ɱġ̳ĸ֪У˰֪ʶ󣬳˺ĵѪħ⣬֮ǰûģĸߵǻȺڶѪ£츳ͨ
֪꣬ʶеľ
⣬һļ֮
꣬һֱšۼͻͱĥ͸˼ϻۡ
Ҳˣܸ̳ŵڶذ¡
ڼ䣬ţ̳ȡѨอѪһƻ
ûгĳܶȡ
š̳΢仯һֱô̳͡ȫںϣ͸ڲصĸѪѪħͨ£Ǿ֮Ρ
֮ǧ򻯣ܻκεǺ壡
壬壬壬аŮ壬ܹǾ֮仯
ңˣƲߡ
Ϊ֮ģ⣬˵Ѫչ֣
ߣ֮ľᾧڡ
Ȼ
֮ͳ˵ƣ壬ѪͻǵĽᾧ
ķǷ񣬼ѪħˣֻҪѪȼϸߣ仯ܹӵкܶ벻
ԦıѪūħĸ壬ļַʽںϡ̳ʱ֮Ҳ֣š
һɹԼħ
ĬĬһӣ֪̳͡ںϣļγɣһʵֵġ
һɱ䡣

һץŴǧն̨ȻСţġ
±Ϊεնֵ̨һ;ͷ޵Ļϲͼ
΢㿴޻ھӿţѪʬеľ⣬ΪһѪܣԼĺǣڰԼשߣ
ն̨ûϽ𵰿ǣβ͸䣬֪ǿԡ
ۺľƣʲôȥܱ䣬˸˵ðգʵ׬
ʱܿȥ

΢Сʺ⣬ӲݱõѪɫ鼤俪ȻһֻһȻ
УϰѪɫ飬һվ۵롣
ڴʱ룬ȥӦѪɫ飬ͫʱֳâ
ֹ
ڴ˵ĺܶѪɫ֣ѪķܵؿţѪɫ飬ԼС
⣬ڶòˡ
мλΪ˵Ĵ׿˵ѪɫðȻ޷ĵ̰Ϳ͵ֳ

ӴİǺӵĽһ
һһˮÿһͷ꣬ЩҪʧصĴһ˲˹
ݣĥĥʲô
Բͣһ˫ɫǳӣ˲ݣߴٵ֪Դڸ׿˵Ѫɫ飬жôֲ뿴ΪѪɫ飬ң
ˣڣҷ
ݴ˸Ժ󣬱㲻ٳɣеǿ׿˵Ѫɫ飬ڵŨˮ
Ԩ̷ɽͳˣһ̺Ȼ
һ֡Բ¡ʼΧŽ˵Ļ־γ˿Ĳˮħǿ߸
һ紵ݶͻᱬ֮ȼ
Ȼ̷ɽͳˣԽǲģʱͻȻ
Ȼûⷢ
ܰ㣬һѪҲûͷš

ֳ޴Ѫɫʱа㣬ȻΪ鶯֣סġ
Ѫɫ飬ĵһѪȼӰ˼˲ż
Ѫޣ˲ơ



һǧһʮ δ
ŨĴ㶾޴壬֡
һɾܣҲȻӿֳֻڵӰڽԽԽߴ󣬱Ƿ
ڱʱľ綾Ҳӡ
ǺУŰٶָʽܣжƱ룬ֱѸپΪ΢СĿԴ֮һ
һڴɱ䣬ۿ綾ɢ׷ѡá
ٴλΪˣӲӵɽͷͷŨУܵİǿǴ
żѪ
׵ͷһοı飬ƺԵΪͻƸˡ
ɷħԨɱе룬ڵ̳·΢Ӧ
̳Ѫɫ飬Уһ
ڴħ׿ˣص֪ʶѪ֮ͬͬԴ
Ҳܿжϳ뼴ǼѪޣҪںϸ׿˵Ѫɫ飬ڲصҲһһϦʵֵġ
һҲҪܳʱ䣬ȥѪɫĺô

ˣԨ޷֪ģڣԴڴħ׿˵Ѫɫ飬Ϊһ顣
Ψ꣬ܿѵѪɫ飬Ȼͽµǳһ¡
Сǧ򱶵Ѫɫ죬ڣʹ˿ǳŲһģһ
䣡䣡
ǳڲһţټӲľʯΪ촷ۡ
ƺһھ綾е棬һֲ¼ɵĿ⣬俴һȻĲݡ
ݣ
ŭµɫɽͷ𲨹٣ǧӬͷɫģǽɫɽ帡֡
Ĵʱܻ
Ѫһڣ֯Ľɫ˲֣ǻ޴ĽɫҪݵӡ
䣡
һֲ𶯣ѵǳױ
ľʯǳ꣬İǺȥ
٤޵ħʬȻڻһɹ쳣ԵѪܣƱȫ뵽ħʬյؿڡ
ң
ɫ΢䣬ȺͽߺһȻϽɷԨ޹أҼȻãһѪɫ㣬ڶҲôСᰵʹ
Ԩ䣬ϵķˣ䣬ڸУҪն̨ͨǰѪħصͨ³䣡
вʣܵĪֵ䣬ƻħʬصС
ļУ¶ĲԨ侲һЩ
㳢Źͨ롣
ͨεϵպͨ͸֪
ڸңҿһĻĻ棬һĻ棬ĸѪӡš
ʱԨʶСе΢΢һ
һԨͿһĻĻ档
һֻ·иյɫа㻮һС൱أɵΪ顣
ɫ򻮶֮ʣʱշ·ֹҫĿš
类նΪһ͵İ֩룬εأһ½طɳֻʧһδ֪Ǻӡ
Ǻӣ貣̫
ϢӯǺӣвٵĸߵǻ
ǰľ֩룬ȴûѣɫúƵܣʩչѪ֩ػ
ɫٽͷųǧɫ磬֩ꡢϤ
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־ǣһĻñĻ档
ĸоУû׿˵Ѫɫڼǳ˾ż۷ĴһܹԼ򿪡
ΪԴλ
ȻɱҵĸףΪλҪϤңбͼıľΪԶܶϤ£
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ԨϲɫҲ˾ξˡ
ֻ͵İ֩룬Լ֪һԱҲ֪֩ȻΪ
ϵչֳĮȻ飬ɱ¾ʱѪԨҲԾ
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㵽ôģ
һһΪӵУӳͷ
֪ΪΣֻɫĥλʱȻһϤУƺֻʶ֮á
ǰɣ



һǧһʮ 
ȷţǰʱֻ۹壬ؼص𣬲ûʲôϸ
ȻϤζһ֮ã
ӦԶ
δѵĵһȻһϯ֮أǾͷ֮һ
ΨˣֻܺϤʸȥʶ
ϾֻʼںݵɽۣʱαǨǿλδҡ
ڵĴƾʲôõֻϿɣϤĸо
ңҵף
ŨУǾӴӰĳ޺ͻȻѸپ̬ȥɱ䡣
ֻԨ
֪ߣǺӵնɱĸ뱻ˡ
һֱֻĻ⣬Եسݡ
Ҳ֪ܹнյĵλͳɾͣҲλڰƶ
λ
ĪĻ֣̿͸Ĺ裬λľηͳݣһ̣˾޴ѹѹ
ಣ
ڴڼ䣬ڼС
ʱԨڸʴ˵ľ綾ƿʱ̬롣
һؽؾӨͷͱʯɣ͸ۼ
ͷ߲ɫӰչĿȸ
ɫƣһؽؾӨͷڣתݡ
ɫ߲ʵĹͷǰվڵСŮһ˫ĵ۾͸Ĺâ˲
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˿̵룬ôȥҪȵƯĶࡣ

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Ԩһ֪ǻȻ׿ǣҪΪ˷ֹħ׿˵Ѫɫ飬ҲǷֹѵľ飬ûѡ
ҵףζγɣ
ݸԨʱ΢΢̧ͷ侲Ľҡͷ
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Ԩԥ˶еĻ֮ϵһȥûŵʵǣӵкϵһصΪǶĸ׵ĸأǷأĸףҲ㵮
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Ԩһվɷħеָ룬Բɵ̬˵һ
ĺܶԺĿ¶֮ɫ
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ôһ˵û˳ɣСֱɷħ
УħҪʱһ֮ʧڶСء
ƲԸ̫ӽ׽
붦ڵǣҰ͹۲죬ԨҷǧɷħħаϴӵҲûҵǡ
оԨĹעڶڵͺƼһѾܹҵȳͱɷħһս
ʮ㣬߾λĺ͸ϢȻ
ţ㿴Űžͺá
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ĪüΪΣ
ҪȥԨ»ûɱ㡣̾
ĪⶸȻɫ
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ĪҲûҴǻ
ȥڽѤõǰζĿ⣬һۣС
һۣĪⲻֱӣصͷ
ΪĪ֪ȻȰ˵ŽȥΪãǴһ˿ڴġ
ڴηؽѪħڵĽأȥһصɱ
ոԨն̨ʶն̨Ŀֲʱıһſ־ӡ
Ԩûһ˿һģûȥԨ
ѡ£ѡȥѪħǸðգ±ԨĴɱˡ
֪Ԩر֪Ⱥڿ־֮أںܶط飬ѼŭԨ
꣡
٤޵ǧħʬ򰵲ŵѪܱ룬ڰֲҵǺУڣ̤˻ҷ֮·
Ī̾һԼʵǲ
һ񣬻ڱħʬûĥ˲ħܣʹսûõࡣ
пŵùֻҪ뿪飬֪ħǿߡ
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٤ħʬһɹӰ죬ͻȻֹסˡ
ħʬնǻλһС貹˸С
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ܿ죬Īͱ糺Ľâû

΢΢һ䣬ԨԼʶСأĪĻǣǧ˿ƵĻ档
Īһ͡
ǣܳ类һƬ꺣ûһ˿Ļâ
һ߾Ĺ֮ǣϤ糺콣â٣Ϊǧâ⣬ٱ顣
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ĪͻǣһƬǺӣԨеû̫໶ϲ쳣ƽ
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Ī⣬˲䱻֮ԺҲ鲨
üͷһ𣬽ΣѤն̨
ǲ


ɫأ½أ鲼ž޴ĺϪӡ
ϪУŨģɫѪˮ
ͬɫѪˮζѪˮԴͷڲͬ塭

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һɽУΡɽ̩̹飬˾Ϣ졣
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ԨǻҰɫ۳ֺ󣬵һԨ˷ؾʱݵһ·С
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ԨǼһÿ졣̷ɽЩգӾӣҲһк
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һЦޱģʱ̬ĸ׿ˡ
˵صĸʽȻѾɹ׿Ҳڴ˻˹



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Գڵĵص׿ռ䣬ҿһĻ棬Ѫħϣʻ࣬Ѫâ̩̹ǻλȴ޷ǳбҲûкԴѪ½һ
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ΪɿѪūʵ̫׺ǿ̷ɽҲ
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ħĿ⿴һȦд𰸣һ֪̾˵ðգ»УѵһΡ
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ԴѪ½Щ֪ߣȫȥ
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棬ն̨ӰģѸٱ
ζţصĿռ룬ն̨͸ѸٺԴѪ½ˡ



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ܲܰæɣȻѪ֮ᾧҾҪ



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ߺýҲд󣬶ʱֳǧɸߵľŭһԴѪ½ɽأ֮

صص׵ĵâԣ֮ܽѪ׷׳
âԺͺ֮˽ɫꪣľ޵ͺɫìɱɿѪū
СҲԴѪ½չ֣
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صײڰɫսڣ˿𣬷пֲĵͷ͵ء

һֲȻԲ£Ȼֳµס
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Ƭ̺һʮ׸ߣƬƬҶ죬ͷɹԵĲ֪ڡ챦ڳ֡
һڶΪߴ󣬸Ϊ׳ľԼʮ׸ߣ֦Ҷïܵա
ΨԵΪСֻҶ̵ľˣҹԲȻ

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䷢ֺ󣬰ػţ뷽跨ؽˣɭִĳ¼С
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һֱΪΪͳ˺Ϧ飬ŻᷴһĻһú۵Ĺ
氲۾΢УüĵȻɴܳ뵽챦
һֱӳڡ챦С
ȷе˵˲Ϣִɭ֣Ĺ¡
氲ᴥһɣ̵ĹâһƬƬҶȻ絶̣·һĪĴ

ڴ氲Խأһ
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Ŀ־֮һ·صİװȻһ֡
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ɢֻ֮ǸĹУǿߣǺݵ񣬶
ҲԸԳˡ
ˡ
ԳȻһ
Ѩ壬ǹ춯Գһҵ˴ţҲеԭԭ

ԴѪ½
õĳˣһִֻԨϣԨãȻĿ⣬˵ɡ
ʲôԨȻ

̷ɽ룬¶翴׳հı顣
ն̨Ȼпʯһǿ



һǧһʮ 
˴һ䣬ѨͻȻʼ͡
ѨڣŻҰɫŨԨվһȻȻѸ׳
Ƶ͸ܣ⡣
һڳѨⲿͻأѨš
תڳѨ⣬ţִܻڸ֪عо
ɫĮȻӦеУһرʧ
ѨڵˣļλѪħϣȫƳƺڷĳָı䡣
׿ˡɿ˰ԸưߣȴһںЦЦأڴصȺ仯ɡ
ԴѪ½ǵʥأԴͷҲ˹
죬Σ
Ԩȴ
ظӦɺõѨ·õ˻ĹעֻһѨƫƫ˻ܣӶת˲䣬Ѩܺ
κһĳѨʵֻ̺ǱǳС߲ƽ
ĳѨڲصҪռųɾţʣµĶ㣬ǻ
Ҳ
һ̣ѨȻϹصأ˻ܣһƴ󣬷·㡣

ͷ۵࣬ԴѪ½޴ķѨԺֳͬ
ݣڲϵرá
ÿһݣ¶Ϣȫٹ̶
ͻ̬ύ֡
˾ηķ࣬ƺÿһ鶼ӯŻ·ͻȻ䣬μڻͨˡ
һıóͬͨ;
⡭
ɿѨĪλѪħϹ֣·ʲôµĴԣɫ͵
ôˣĿ˼ڤ룬Ҫ׽˿
ãǰĳˣڳвǵķɱ䣬ֻ塣
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ɽĸ첲ѨץƽקųѨͷֳĳˣ̷ɽԨˣһ䣬簴Ž㣬編ƵȥԸǡ
ȫɱŮʣ
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ƿֲѪūаǣŵ˹ձΪѪūĲݣһħ׿˵ʱһѪɫ磬һѪɫѨ
ʮǰĲ
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ڳ֪ԵѪħˣƺ˹ϵ伮ϼصģǶԸĻҰجΡ
ˣڶǻ壬֧Ŀ־塣

ԴѪ½ĺϪڣѪһ죬ɽڵĹƱԴͷ˳Ѫɫ磬籩
УѪ䣬ȴ쳣У׷ڵĳѨ
𡣡
λһ취࣬һϵoȴ֪Ĺԡ
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ǵʱȼĲҽҲ֮
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ڵѪħʬú㣬һء
Ѿͷ
̷ɽ𾪵أŴ˿̵Ůʣ·һʶ
Ԩһһ֮Ľʣһֻ֣ŴѨϳѪŷʵŮʣ˵ȱԼԤУܴǣԴѪ½
ͷһɽն̨˿̾ڡ
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˿̵ĳˣʮǰֻһĲ
ɢǻ壬
˽֪֮أ伣



һǧһʮ 
ݣ־֮ء
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˿̣ĪĹһƬƬҶӣȫÿݻƸѣʧеľܺˮ
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˿־֮أʷһλνǷͷ
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氲΢΢ۣ̬İ׹ǹϸвһڿ־֮صȻѹƣܿжϳڿ־֮غͰ׹սûκλʤϣ
ȻսǷɽ׹Ҳʤ㡣
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Ըַйע־֮Ͽնߣһ
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Գͷ­ס˺ݵĽڣ·һ㣬ƿء
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ԴѪ½ǺӶɿڣĸǿߣӿѪħչɱ¾ԯǸѨҪܻԴѪ½һ

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ϡϡǳԹâұ˴Զأɢڴ˷
ͷ۵Ůʷ࣬ŷŴǧ򱶵ն̨ԴѪ½ĽںһҰƥ磬˲ڱݼŵ⡣
ϸѨƣѨеܣԴԴ͵ڣŮʵ淨࣬ƺ󣬷·
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ڣۣɺԵĺ࣬صܡ
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˿̣оϢ߰ɢȥ顣
ֻϧе飬ѱصǿɱʧڹʷС
Ѿͷ
̷ɽѨи߸ͷûչûŮʵķӬС
黹ţڼͽٺľϲУ㾿˭

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ͬ
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˵ǴѨͷ米ǳȼµΡ뷨ࡣ
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׿ˣɿЩϣҲڿٽӽš



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ǧٿ׵ĳѫ硣
ڱ˺ѣɽԭУѨڵ磬ħڵ֣ѱѨ
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ԨͷٴΪһ¯ˡʱԪҲĳ֮·ȫӺصĹҲȻѺݵʮϯλ롣



һǧһʮ Ѫս
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ҲҪ˳ӦʱȫµķʽֽǺӻ
˳ǣԨ¶Цݣ̳ǰ˳ɣҲҲагҲͨңһȫ´ڵ̳һȫɱ䡣
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λħ˵ףҲΪͨˣѳ˹ԹԷϣұ
ദʱ䲻ΪرĥһԵ̷ɽԲɴ̫Ѩһߴ࣬һ߳̾ѵҪɣؼǣܶûԴƢҲҪĻ
ˣߺ
졣Ԩһ䣬ޱؿһۣݣ
󾪣æͷǡ
һΪ峤ӵˣжôءѪħϿļЦºƮȻλͨռܵǿߣԽħڶıħ֣Ȼ˰պ״ı
ȻЩԾŰպ״ıİħӰ⡣
ƺǿˣŵ˲õħǿߣԲִ֮
Ϊ̷ֹɽˣ֪״ĺͰձ󣬶Ȼиħһƾõħͷ
õĻӦ󣬲תͰա״Ĳſһ£û뵽޴˵ĲҲͷˡ
ˣԨȰ£ľ
ֻǣʲô壿
ȴûӦսΣ
Ц
պ״İºͣǻԲȻˣͱٳˣǿԶˡ
̷ɽȻɫִȵһŮʽ㣡˾Ҹ棬Ҳڵ̫ʼһӣ
δ㣬ûӡ̫ʼĻڰ֪ûнʹڴ˵Ԫħ˾ԥɡ
ã
̷ɽĳƺڣϽһӦ

ͷһȣ̬УȻ
һȦȦҫ»һ£һŵĻ곯ŻٶȥɻǶ䡣
У롢ԨȻ类ʱն
ѪԱ̷ɽ΢ܺʹƺ⣬ܰµơ
ＴΪھڵ̷ɽԨǡڵС
޿ӣ޿ɱܡ
ԨΪãҡ
£ڣ̷ɽε
ۿ̬˷չûȥƴûĶ
ȻҲϿ̷ɽ֪˿̷ɽκ£һַʽڱԨ
ǣҲֻԨŮʡ
ּɡ



һǧһʮ ʱ˫
Өת籦һ⻬ն̨ϣ䡣
ŵߵľգĵһƷû˿覴ãҷۡ
ˣԺܣǴޣֻҪȻȻؾãǰãǰĳʡ
ҲˣʵʾˣͷĻʹڡ
˿̣֪ǲᵽΣԭȵĺȻԼ١
⣬δʲô
ͷԨ˵ᡣ
Ȼ䣬Ԩͳк֮ܶ˴ӽʶڵЩţͳ˻кԵ֡
һ㣬ûңҲܿȥ
Ԩ
ǵ˸Ȼӳŵն̨ðܼأƳڲСء
ԨʳָָذԼüѨϣȻۡ
Ժں·һԴڹȥૡ
Ϊɷħõħȵز
ˡ
ƲԨ󣬵ʹͷϥ
ǰΡ
ǧʱ㲻ѡԴѪ½ʱԥȻΪŮʣҪȥѵһҡ
˫綶ţϵҡͷ鱻̫ԵЩ֪롣
Ҳ벻ףΪԨΪ˲̫ܵĳˣʧȥǣȥǸһֱܵһҡ
𣬱Ǹ㡣ˣҸԸ⿴ڵݣȥ羰
ţ֪ԨҲʲôܸӦ
Ԩû
̷ɽͽ£е룬֪ʲôһȻ
꣡
һһ貵ʱѷ죬Ī¸˺
ͺܶصĿռѷ첻ͬ˿Ȼ˺ѷ죬͸ʱջҵܣһѷΪӽѪħֳϻͯࡣ
һѿөķ϶ֻħӦ
󣬾ͱͷʱӿ롣
λѪﵽżǧѪħϣ־ظܵţ˰꾫ѪܣĪȥ
࣬ѪȼȻ˵䵽˼
˰Ŀޣ̼ûˣŵĻɢ

һʱѷ죬ͻڱħ֮ͣأͼЩۻʴǺݵħ֣ͫ˸ֵĹâ
ڼʱڣصûбۻʴĹȥãȻشܡ
꣡
ŵ£ͻȻֹסˣȻҲܾӿ
εն̨ƺԨһִֻɡ
˫գһֵָֻסüġ
ָ£·еֻɣ
ʱ䣬˶ͣͣռ·˱
Ԩ⣬ն̨ǧе˺ʱͿռ䣬򱻵߸Ťݻ١
κƿüĵָͷ
üĴһ΢򱶵ľ޴Ӱ֮أʱܣĮؿ硣
˫գ翪۵Ԩһֻųˣһסն̨
һֹ̤ͣ££ջⲽȻ̷ɽǰͣ£üĵӰ̷ɽһۡ
޵ھڣڽ̳һϮλ̷ɽʯȻ
붯ֻǶá
ѪʶԱգĻʶڣֻƼһصĿֲӰ
˻ӰֱҪϢ
һ֮ԨջĿ⣬Գεն̨ѪħĿһ¡
صĴƿ˲仯顣
Ѫ飬ֹԭأһ㲻䡣
ɽİգŮ״ģԭе̬һħ궼һ¡
˼ʶҲʱ֮ᡣ
ͣͣ
ڰպ״ıһƬڰģдֵ졣
·ʲô˺Ħʱս磬ƴҪĳʱ쾳뵽˷磬ʱͿռ£ȫ澲ֹء
ϧʼδܳɹ
ԨüĴ΢򱶵ӰȤζأƬڰģĵصȺһӡ
ǱߵĶȻԸ
ۣۣ
պ״⣬ħѪħĵѨˣħ֡
ǧ⣬ִڴ˵һħ֧ѪͻҽһѪֳ֮Ϊľֹ״̬
һᣬ˵ԨƾȤ
ŵնָ̨һʱѷ죬ͼѷڷͻ䣬ıͨ귽λ
ʱһǳҫµ򣬱ͷ֡
򻺻һǳʹ˵أ
ԥͷ˿ϥأؽԵЩӡ

̾Ϣһգû˵ʲô
һֻųˣһն̨Ųæؽʱѷ졣
룬δϡ
̤ѷһ̣Ϣն̨
ʧ֮ʱѷ죬һѸϣ˷ĹͱĴٴαƴմ
һʱշߣȻ̷ɽȻһǾ
֮룬պ״ģѹ֪ʲô

ڶѪĿʹ䣬ԴڿĿռѪࡣ
˶ʧȥܡ
Ԩأ
Ůأ
պ״ħĹ˿һȦȷԨͳʧ֮񣬴ؼ
ˣЧڸ׿˵ħ࣬ãȻĹˡ
Ưŵɷħɷħ»ԾΪ߿ޱô



һǧһʮ ֵ
£СȻ̷ɽġ
Ƭ̣üʶɳС
£һֻҫĺչᳯŸİǺ̽
Ļ֪µ£չ
ҵĲ̷ɽıţЩ˲Ϣûüɢħ꣬һ׹ܣεصѪͷѶдʶ̷ɽ֪
ֻǣûҵԨĴںۼ
ڣһ˿ԨɢݵϢ޴Ѱ١
ô£
Ƭ̺һ̷ɽɫصأͷɷħĶ֪꣬ͨ࣡
ҡͷֻ
վϡľ綾УѭźԨϵ﷢
ûκλӦ
صѪεľ޴ɢ˷Ȼ죬ҲһԨϢ
ĵ׿أ֪ʲô֪˭
ˣһڸ׿˵ħѪūͿܣҲ˲𡣡ߴɽİգǿУԺʳˣĳλܵǱˣ
̷ɽſԣȴȻֳĬˡ
˵ĸоУǰһеƺԨˣԼ־̫˼
żѪѪħϿͨռνѻɱࡣ
ЩѪħū۵Ŀܣħ֣ҲǼ䣬ȫɻҡ
Ԩ
ѵ룿
ħ״ģӽּһ飬һɫħȻ֡
ָͷħлյϢħڶߣ򡣡
Ǳߣ뽫ִΪһսߡ
˵ʱ״ĶһӡŹħĵ鼮ϣӴħܳϫӿ
ƺҪַʽûϢȷ
ͻȻ䣬ڰպ״ĵƬڰħӰٴθ֡
պ״һæתǺڰģ˾
̷ɽ۾һҲ͵ؿ˹ȥҲˣǰӦ֪ʲôɣ
ޣ񰢵ա״ǰнֱµ֡
δͻʱշδܿࡣħȺĴ˾£Էǳĺԣܵģͷȥʱ֮·ͷʮ񣬺Ȼطˡ
ʱ̷֮ɽ𾪡
ͷ򶴣óݵʱ֮˵ͷʱ񣬡Ҳƾ俪һʱͨǸԨСӣŮʣһʧС
⻰һʱ˼Ӧ
ȻħĴ˾£˵ԨŮʣһͨ뿪ǾͲˣȥҲûˡ
˾ô
״΢ͷǰ棬üչصȺ
ʱ룬Ҫ졣³Σ̷ɽȥֻħԨǶͨĿ£ڲú»ָͨ룬ħǿߣӿ˷򡣡
ڰ֪ںδ´˾㲻ٶ˵
״ĺͰնһۣ㵱̷ɽ棬Ǻڰ֮ƬҲڰΪһСڵȻʧ
վɷħУʧǵأ·ʲô˲ˡ
Ѫħħͱħ֣л걻Ȼ룬ȴ޶ԣûκָʾ
Ȼ֪ǰʲô
ǱʹİϿɵģһˣҲز
תλûһ뿪
ʧ䣬оȻˣϸʵһġ
ǰϰԵԨָϰԨ࣬ΩǴӣԨ֪٣Ϊɷħһû˷򣬲֪úȥδӣ޴Ŀյͱʹû
٫ɿڲȥˡ
̷ɽһܿ侲ˣü²˵Ȼħӿ룬һѡ٫ɿڣңҴڣǵˣһǱΪ
һ򡣡ͻȻ
̷ɽȻΪΣ
ѵˣһԱ˵ʱ֮ǰĻĸɱĻ档
ԨڣԨңȻԨ֪٣ҲԼĴͼƻ
Ҫʱ䣬ĥ׿˵ǸѪɫ飬䳹ɫĮûҲûк̷ɽ˵ʲôȻǰ֪ģѫķλȥ
֪Ժ󣬾ͻĴ档
أǺ뿪ȥʲôط̷ɽߣεϣԨħڵǿߣһ鷳
ҵ֣ذС
ǻ壬ں̻ͨᣬ̷ɽ̾һñΪ˶뿴֡һȥڵˡ
ֻˡͷ



һǧһʮ 

ͷѵԨں
͵ĶͷϰԵ̧ͷһա
һ־޴Ļɫ̫ô˷ĽںĻͿȾΪͬĻɫ
ɫĺˮ˲㺣ˣͣ
кϡŸ࣬ǸʺûܣۻѪ֮١
Ȼⲻͨ硣
⡭
һԨͷ˿ԣֻҰɫն̨леĳˣȻӲݴС
Ȼӣʼ֮ǰļ䡣
ֻǵãա״λħ񣬷ħ峤ˣ̷ɽڻ֪ħĴ˾ʱ֡
̷ɽܻȻѳ˹ãǳ֡
̷֪ɽǳһ⡣
ԼԸȻţȥѵһҡ
˺Ժһ־ʱʲôǲˡ
뵱ȻΪһѣǰҩ棬Ԩᱻ˳ĨȫԵһǸңء
ΪԨΨһʶڵɹȥҲز
ˡ
Ԩļ䣬ʶҡ
ǸΪѾȫѵңûֱӳ֣׽˿˿
Χˣ
֪ʲô°ͣþó
һӺŪԼĴⷽ
΢ɫ˲ˡ
ʶСУĻȻŵһ˿档
ѨԵѪнǡอеѪ⿪ٵѨڣͬһ˿档
ͥСأҲտҲ
ͻȻɵˡ
Ѫ޵ߵĸԴȪ
һʧɾζʱǿУû취ȥս
һööǣӯĵ裬ǬȡϽ¡
ڴڼ䣬ӷɿתţܿͲ³ŷʲô
һǸңڶӵȨ󣬸еġԴйսʩչʲôͨ
ЩĻۣԵһǸԣ̫ˡ
һԶһͨ൱ĻۣͱӻһգѪ˲ʧˡ
ͱ

ҩЧɢݳѪ˿˿ƻעѪܣʱֲԽؾ
ط֣ЩĻѪɱеġ̳ᡣ
껥ͨе꣬ȥ˼ʱ˲֪ôˡ
ԡ̳Ĵǵת䣬ʼҪע롣
ⳡɱ䣬˹ؼʱ̣羧ġ̳᲻ϵأھȡѪͻ
ܶξߣʱҪĹ̡
ңΪÿͬɱʱ䣬Ҳȫһ
еߣҪķѼµʱ䣬ܽҲеˣҪʱ䡣
ʱߣദڳʱıչ״̬ͳﱸõĵ裬ͣЪؽв䡣
ֱɱɹ޽Ժٳؼˡ

뵽⣬ԨĿɬ
ɱ䣬ڵ̳ħ׿˵һѪɫͻȻͿʼˡ
ûκԤףҲûʲô׼ʵǲִޱȡ
ƫƫں棬ָһսĥѣھľ£Լˣѵһҡ
һңǿߣֻʩչһͨ
һ۵ͱһա
ڵ죬ڽţû˶ֹ
ɳҪԴԴϵṩѪȫʢʱڣҪƽԴľ޴
ڵĻ
ǣܳܳһʱڣҪ벻ˡ
ɫأƲն̨ͳڵĲݵأųεն̨ͻڿն̨ĳ
ɾ޷뿪ʶĻһɣȱ̳ȡ޲ߡ
ն̨΢Ѫ
ಣ
ն̨ɳСͻȻȿٵѨϡ
ᡰסһظоն̨⣬ѪҲǰǸѨϣΡ
ԼˣӦóû
ΪѪɲƲ磬һѰᣬؽжᣬ˻һ֡
ǰļˣȥȻͷһѪꡣ
ΪԼ˰֣
벻ͨ
ڣն̨ڣ֮ĽҲڡ
ɷħȴ֪١
֡
ȻΪն̨ŮӦڵһǸңΪİ磬ûдɷħ
ɷħҪڣ֮󣬲˱Ҳô
ʱʧһػܷĵأأ취ȥѸٻָ
Ļ
һתֿˣüͷȻ
ط֣˵ľգ·ڷ΢Сı仯
ƺλŮܵʱ֮Ӱ죬ʱܳӯڣ˥ˣøСòӦصı䡣
֮ǰǸжʮ꣬ݾӺݻģŮʱ仯



һǧһʮһ 
ԴѪ½
ѵɽۣ֮Ĵħ׿ˣֵɡ
ձïܺ븲ǵһͷѪĴӲ̷һּͳ㣬԰ܵơ
ɿˣǻŵ˹ȾżѪħϣһЩԼħͱȺħħ׷Χࡣ
ˡ
һڣ׳ذըڳħǿˡ
տռȵһλϽû·硣ڣǵϢصħߺʹͨǲ֪ǺӶɿڣܽ򡣡
⻰һڳħȻɫ
ݵٴһǺӣΪƣࡣ
ǣȫǾ
һ̶ѡսʵܽݵƷӳ
ΪֻԴѪ½ΪħҲڴˡ
ħ׿ɫ糣Цº͵˵ˮڣǼȻҪսҾԸֻҪţӽǵڳԱŪԴѪ½ֱˡ
Ȼδָħ۷սֻҪԴѪ½߸أ٣Ȼһս֮
һȥϵһֵָˣ
˵䡣
һκ觰ľѪڸ׿߳һħУ·̼⡣
ҫ͸ǵξѪһ龧
ǸŮޣĴˡ
׿΢΢üûгףҵǸѪ֮ǰһһڵķλֻҪ㹦򣬶ܿ
ԨأһλʶȤļħѯʡ
׿һСӲһڣһƵġ̳̳Ĵڣ޷ķλܸ֪Ķ
峤ܹͨŮ𣿡̡
һ
ӦģƾõɿˣλѪħĳϣ򱻳˻ն̨ײǴڣлʹǣ޷Ŀֲʣûʲôǻ壬ϣ»
һȺħĴɣԶڳ̾
Ԩͳʧţûܽ⿪˵İգ״Ҳ࣬´˾Ҳǡ
ǸӲԵɡ
ȱŮˣҼȻϢųȥȻиǿߣǺѰ䡣ǣݵֻҲһжڵ۾ͷ򣬷ڵĺͣ
ħ׿˳


򺣱ߡ
ԨһǬеͥСֿһֻɫ̫
ţԺݴʱ㣬ùȥüˡ
ɫ̫ƺڵģû˵µ½أҲûаͺҹĸ档
Զˡ
нڴڣ˷ҲȫܹǿӦԨ̡
Ȼ
üͷãΪǰľһͳ˱¶ݣܱϺɱ
¶ݣ̬ûڴ˷أҲȫ
ϾνǺĹС

̾һǱż̽ǿߣԷˡ
ÿһƻÿһ˿Ѫ⾫ɱеġ̳ȡʱֻܶ
ӻʵҲ¡
ǣѡԭأȥɽ̽ͼе񣬵ҩݣָܻ
״̬£ڱչأһζؾޡ
ûµĸ棬ԨҲ֪˶ãǬеͼ龧ľٴγ硣
裬Ǳ׺ľɱġ̳̰ؿţȡ޶ȡ
񲻿壬棬Ѫ⾫ʣ
üչֻ֪ܵõ״̬սʵطСնʩչ
ڰǰǣǬڣܲʯ顣
ƫƫܹѸٴŨѪ⾫лĺ͵裬ѱӻӻ
ûȻɣߴӴ˷ܣѸٲѪ⾫ܣʵеǿѡ
ΪѸоƸܣ൱ϡ
пܣҲǶôڵ磬ûرսʿµڴ˿ޡ
Ҫ⿴
ܿ죬˾Ƴһ۳˯ѵŮʣԥһ£ȥţϡ
עĿϢڳҲԣ·һƹϢ״̬󲿷ֻͣͣΨżһ£ţȻڡ
ϣǰĽ֡
Ԩ̾ϢţλݵǧŵһŮۣоȻΪأûеӯС
Ѫ⾫龡ԨǿЩήҲƺʧˡ
˳صŮʣѩϼ˪ԵЩֻôµڣתӳ֣ûôǱ
Ѱһ򣬳ּȥĴ
ôֹ˺ܾú˳صĽŲ



һǧһʮ 
ͷɫ¹̬ޣԨ֮Ľʣ̶ͷ­
ڣ飬ƺΪޡ
⣬ڸำǻ۵֮⣬ƺΪޣΪ֮ޡ
ͷ޵ĵȼܵͣҲ൱ļޣܱƺΪ塣
ѳԺǻ۵ܱƺΪ壬Ѫȼϵͣ΢ߣֻܱΪޡ
ݴ磬룬֣Ϊȴڳһ𣬾;߱ǻۺԡ
ڣʼն޷룬ǱΪߡ
ģˮߣ컢нȺʱ򣬻ǴһܻǺ񣬲ŽΪС
صȺһµĹ
һȺʮȺ̬˳Ʒɱ䡣
ɱǣʮȺ˲ͱΪС
֮󣬴Ⱥκޣʼͻ߱ߵǻۣȥһײӵС
Ʃ컢塣
ڰɫ컢ûΪǰ컢ֻܱΪޣֻѪȻǻ۴󿪣ӶΪ
ȻӰɫ컢Ϊǿ巨Ӧı䣬췭ظ֮䡣
ɫ컢֮С컢ѪͻƣŸߵǻۣԷǷ
Ҳˣ컢ȺУһԾ塣
һ죬ɫ컢ˣ׹ˣ컢Ⱥ壬ԵȺơ׻顣
ΪعشڣݵȺŻƴɱ䡣
гһգܹפܹһϮϯλԼڵȺһȫµĸ߶ȡ
һȺֻҪһλڽȥϯλߣȺҲ㾡Դİ
֪룬ˡ
Ԩɫ¹ްƤľܣԻʯ濾ţ
ԱΪ桱ĵ¯¯ǳʢ޵Ѫ
ʱľףȥҨһףȻ󡰹¡һʹ
ֺɫ¹ѪѪ⾫ޣɱеġ̳ԣֻǱˮн
ǰľ棬ܼļˡ
ֻܵսնһ糺콣â޷ѪͻȥӦʹȻŽʣܹӳȴϡѰ
Ҫ̫Ҫһۡ
֮ԲѪһǵᷴɣоѪ飬ᱻû
ͷȼ˵΢ޣ˲ϢնɱȻڣֻѪɫ˸һСࡣ
ɱ̫Ƕһ˿Ѫ⾫ܸ
Ļָ֮·ӵңңڡ
ʱ濾飬ɢݳ֬ζ
ſá
ʳʱȴڿЦҪ̳ɱ״̬ͷޣֻҪУһգ۹޾ͻ˴Ѫܣ̳
һѪ⾫ܣ㱻̳ᣬܶáѪ
ѪҪڴڵģ޵ѪܹЧֱӾѪľܡ
Ѫ̳⣬ǲѪ⾫ԭʼķ
Ϊ̫ΪʧһЩѪܣܾȡ
ĿǰΨһܶõķ
ף
อθеѪ⣬һͼſԷſȵԨƳһԱƽڲݵصŮʣط֣ԭһͷںڳ˿ɫ
䣬С˼꣬źǷ
ץһ˺Ԩԣ۰鿴
ԲѵŮʣȫѪҲʧˣоһǳͨȴļŮ
Լһܱڸǡ
ԨĥţüȻⷽ壬ֻҪ¶ݣٽһ㣬˵İȫ١
ԼͳˣװΪ壬ûڸǱˣΪ壬ȴܶ鷳
壬ĹУһ֣ᱻΧŹ
еʱ̣·ǿߣѰ䡣
һ¶δѣԼĹؼ׶ΣսΪޣɷħֲڣΧɱĿ̫ˡ
뵽
͵ȡģڸժһЩҶΪ֭ҺͿĨڳ˵պͲ伡ɫɫͷһ£ȥ޼λǧŵһŮ۵üëͷ۲λ̻εķš
Щţڰ壬һǺ櫡¶ʶ֪
оǣڡ̳У
һӺǰϤǸˣʧӲǱŪһİİŮ
ݴ˷̫̫ǿפأȼϵ͵壬޷һۿ͸״
˵òĴţţԼҲҪЩʲô
ҲҪɺͳõİˡ
һ
˿˿ƵѪ⾫ܣȻɱеġ̳Ʈݶ˿อ
ʮͷɫ䱻ȧǷ·𱻵อλ
ôһ԰ˡ
һİԼԨ˺ܾãʶ̳͡ںϵ꣬Ӳ˲ľ
ǻͨҲʶ̳͡׽ڣȡ̳֮أΪκγ壡
ܶѪͨñľżѪǿߣƲߣ
ڵͽûںˡ
磬ɫ̫䣬
Ԩųˣ;İŮ޳ûδ֪ľɭ֡
Ұ˰ɱޣʳѪ⡣
ޱ߷ݣĺҲùΡ
ֹ֪˶á
죬һô棬һ·޵׵ĵضһʯͷȥðҲû촫
ǵضȡһʱǲеѨˣ
Ѩ壬ڵ´Ҷνĵ³ǣ̫ϰڵر
ʱһȻأŴǵضģһҹŮ
ʮҹŮٽУƾİ棬Խ˴㣬һƣ۵سǰ
һ̬յҹţлһʯͷɴۣȵСȱ²ȱ£½ĵصϽӶض𣿡
˵ԣԨ꣬ڲ̳ྫ󣬲öһ˵
½أԨֹ
㲻ǣɽֻʲôɣһλ۵ҹ꣬ЦȻүүһ½ȴ֪ǵлɫ̫ǲһġ
̫ԵЩ̫Ӧֹ½غãԲ࣬ҫǡ
Ԩʹסˡ
Ļ˲ڵأǾֹġ
µ½ӦŵǺӣһֻɫ̫Զڡ
Ľ£ڵضľͷһ½أһƬǺӡ
ǸǺӣһҫҲشš



һǧһʮ 
һ罹̿硣
·𱻳һչأҲľֻʣһ߾ûѪ⣬Ŀݹǡ
ݹǵ״ħЫͻˡ
ԺĴɨƫԶشлѻҲ𪣬вٽޣѪȼϵ͵롣
ֵͿ̿Ʋ
ħŭӡ٫ɿڡӿԺǶ;أֺ顣
һɽͷ
ֳŴħ׿˵ĸѪͷصľġ
Ȼ䣬һ⣬ǺӷŶ
Ӧľ綾£
ܿ죬ͱݵ̬ǵǹ⽵١
Ӵ䣬ɽͷͣ£ֳ˪֮˪
˪֮ʴļ˪һ綾жûһ׻żɽѯʣʲôԴѪ½ʼҪ֪ϸڡ
һ䡣
꣡
ǧȷ˿ҪϸѪâھ綾УѸٱ֯Ϊ޴
Ѫ綾ӦţһֶĴ£ɢ
˪üһһƬȻǺӣڴ˷ը
Ľâ⣬Ȼձ֯ӪĴն䣬޷
㻹˵㡣
˪ƮĮһ˿ڽ
ܱܹڱ̷ɽǱҲгû꣬תʱİкǻ类ĴԵͷʣˡҪ֪ϵ£֪ҲẦ
Ȼ
綾е룬ôһ˵ϸϸɢݳģһϢƺǰվ
Σ붼Ǳ̷ɽĴϣԷΪĿꡣ
ÿһΣյʱ̣һصڣȻӶĻĴ
ˡ
һ̣ԭλתδѵʱһ˰ӦԼĽ
ǣԴѪ½ʼԨ˵ľһһʮ
ֻˣԼѪڣƼߣǺնɱĸһ¡
סһ㣬ûгΪǰڶνԴѪ½˪Ĭһ£˵㣬ɹ˸׿˵ĸѪҲԱȥԴѪ½ȻΪ׿˵Ѫū㿹ⲻ־
־ɡ
ǶԴѪ½İΧС˪һҲɱ˱׿˸㣬ùһ㣬һ뿪򡣡
ôһ仰λڵĴɣǺӡ


ͨЩҹĲ֮ͽ̸Ԩܿ͵֪أи硣
˽磬½½ɡ
½£ɫ̫Ĵ½
½ЩҹˣŵģҫԲ£ǳĴ½
ҹԣ紦ƿصһ򣬴˽絥һλżѪǿߡ
λǿߣһԶŮܸܵܿ½Ǵ½
ˣĲͣʱгͻϽսʿȥɱ
ֵֻòɿ˫˲ʱ˵ĸײŻԤȥìܡ
½½źܶ࣬ᴩصͨԨ²ǰ㣬ǱѨ䴩١
ĵģҲŲֵѨˣЩѨˣֱţڵĿɳ
½в壬壬Ӧ̫Ⱥ
½ҹ壬Ů壬ͼٵȣϰȺ
ڸ籾ƫƧϡԸˣѪȼȫߡ
սʿѾǶ߼ǿ߳û
ԣܹڸ磬ѪͻƵߣΪͳߵĽܷۣļΪ˽б븡磬ȥߵȼʸ
ֻǽΪһ̣һϾս
ʱȨ󣬶ڸ磬ֻǰŵù£ȥܿͨ½ء
һ̸Ԩ̾Żշ㶡
ȻսҲֻ壬Ǵ˷ضӦޣҲǿ̫֡
ԭģͨնɱߵȽޣɱС̳ܵ뷨ûָˡ
ڵ״̬Ѫ޷ҪƽڷִǺӶûϷ
⣬ִȥǺҲδؾǺ¡
ǣǺս
ʲô취ܴǽ˽ս븡磿Ԩ̡
ѪֻͻƵļҹԹ񣬴Ԩԥһ˵֤Լǿ츳ܵõǽΡŶˣüȻǰˣӦ½Ϊʲôûǣ
ָǸضҲǴİɣѡ˵ض˵½ӦúǵĴܿŶ԰ôǵãǸ䣬
⻰һڳĺܶҹ٣Ҳһɡ
˭˵ǴضģԨûʲô̸ȤˣǴǸСһضġǰһЩޣñҧˣڻ˯С
ܸҿ˽һЩϰԣܰæһλҹŮȺгݵɢºĹâһδ֪ն
й棬һЩⶾ͡
ˡ
ԨܾˣĵӾⶾڣҽβãиƨá
磿ģģɰűӣһֳɵүүһǸĸ磡
üҲС㲻½£汻ͨŻİɣʲôˣ
Ԩʤӻ֣ϲӬ˵Զ㣬ҡ



һǧһʮ һֻ
Ū״ֵԨˣͳĳȥ
棬ҹĹ溰һվס
Ԩᡣ
ԨıӰɫЩأҡҡͷֹλĳ嶯ˣߣ
үү治˵¡
ظһ䣺ߣ
һ½ҹˣȻ侲档
ðκ
С򵥣δǶ֡
ԨӰʧľïּ䣬Ÿͣһ㲻ǣҴϣᵽһɵѪζţеļһﲻ١оǡ
ȡһ״ıʯһۣͷƪd޵ĺǣ
ƪdޣ
һλĸߴֳǶ񹭼ӣһ
ָһ򣬷ԸǱߣȥ
ã
ȥգûӰ
Ƭ̺Ǳ߾ʹļүүͷƪdޣֻʣ±ƤĺǣʣѪ⣡
ڵضԵҹˣԶԵú𾪣Ȼʼҡ
ͨ½ĵضΪ㹻ƫƧҲѡ·£ܸп˵ΪƫƧž޻ҵȼ͡ƪd޵ĵȼ󲿷ļ֮䣬ɲ׶Ըġ
ͣһ£̾һӣ꣬㰢ڸƪdΧס󣬱ҧġ
⻰һҶĬ
ˣ˵ЩˡϽסСһôһ£ʲô·Ǳȥͺˡһˣɱͷƪdޣȥġ
ҶʱϢġ
ҵѪڵ弶ҴǣֻҪСĵ㣬Щ½ͣļһӦⲻ󡣡οһʼǰԣռϡҩݵĲá

һѵϪԡ
˷ºԨҨһ峺ĺˮš๾ࡱغ
ת󷽣üͷ΢塣
һ·˼ʲô취شӸ뿪ȻȥǺӣȥߵȼء
ЮǶԽܵǺӹŽ
ҡҡͷܿʹΪôȥĻͳ˼пܱ¶ᱻĸע⡣
¶ڣǿߣ»˷ӿ룬Ҫɱˡ
һǸңΪƫƫѡ˸磿Ϊ˽㹻ƫƧǲʲôܣ
ͷͻȻԺ˼ԭ£Ҩһ΢ĺˮͷ
оŴͷǣıУƺ˶侲١
أʶĸ磬ͳ˶ԣһѡ
û̫ǿ壬ҲֻżһЩѳǺӹŽ
˷أν½½ҲûǶԽ£Ƕȼ֣˴һط
СĽ㣬Ӧò̫ױ¶
ֻҪѣġ̳ɱ䣬ǾѴ˷صĽڣطǺӡ
õѡ񣬾øеһУһǱټһ߾Ѱҳܰɱ֮
˾
֮ʱ䣬һ˼뿪ڸ½ĳ򱣳Űȫ룬ɱߵȽ׵ޣѪ⾫ܡ
Ȼһ죬һĹȣؿɺԵĴأһİݡ
֪ӦǺݵĶֲڵؼҩݣҪɹп׳ɳ
ں磬ʺֲݵĵطҲࡣ
½ûкҹɫ̫㡣
һ񷣬Ԩ°ͣ˵ͷ֪µ½ʺϰݵ
ųˣǰϸ˿ְһꡣ
ĳľеĺˮϴϴŸ׽ɫ֭อ񰵰
ʱЦ
˵صİݣ磬רΪҩֲ֮أƷʻҪ߳һء
ɫĵ㣬΢СɫǳƮʶСأú񣬶һЩ
ɲ˷ˣȫժˣΪѣ
Ȼ䣬ø绹ôѷ
ݷֲģζ½壬Ǵӱ𴦵˰ݵӣѡǰĹ
Ȼаݣ᲻ỹбģ
صĻмϡҩݣȷʵ׿漣
½Զ̫⣬һ¸磬УҲвҩʺϡ
һ˼·⸡Ҳܺܺõȥ
Ԩ£ĵȻս㣬Ȼصҩݣ˵أҡһ䣬ҩʦˡ
ʼⷽת䡣

ܾ֮
ʮˣŲҩ¨ӣţĹȡ
ǿĹڣϤİݣһ궼ʣʱȫֽ
Ĺȿڣһλߴսʿһͷѱ޳Ժȵô£
ˣݲˣϵĻ档
Ѫﵽ弶սʿʵѾ״һһЩ½̫ʴȣûн֧ҹϣΪǲ
ǣ߾
޶԰ûʲôȤˣ֪Ĺ˭սʿ˴½ǣ˭ǵĶ
ҳǣ



һǧһʮ 
Ԩܿµķ֡
֮ڸɽУҵĻ٣ҫϡݺʯ
Ļ͹٣Ͱһֻںشڡ
ڸ翴ֻһֿܡǱֲġ
ҫˣκ磬ֻҪ̫ҫп౦
ںݣҫֵǣÿͬȴСҫҪ龧һ
½һģСĿɽͷдҫ
ԨٻˣûڿɽĶѨнҫںݴޱϧıض
ûгû٣ڰĬĬ۲һӣȻ뿪
ڵ˵ҫûֵ̫Զϡݡ
оǣԸڻϣ˷ò׻
ٴûɽֵεһӣժ˲ٲں磬ںҩ֭ݡ
½ʲôˣƫֲҩݣ
мţС磬Ȼĳ壬ҩݼΪȤȻԺݵҩݣֲܱ
һӣռҩʼԡ桱ȥ
һʯ۵ĶѨУԨŵ¯桱ȴŲҩ֭Һˮ̣ɢݳҩζ¶οЦݡ
¯̻굤ѵһ
Ե֪ûֻⷢȵ̳κ̷ȥѸٲĵĻ
ߣںأֻҪҹ˯ܾȥӯʶСء
粻һ˷ϡǼ١
һζڴ˿ڤ룬Ĳ쳣
ԣŵռҩݡ
ۣ
̻굤εһͻȻը˺ںɫ֭ҺɢŨҩ㡣
ԨɫȻŵȣܣ
ؼƷ̻굤ǰͽ֪˶ôöһףõ£ͻȻ
ʲôˣô
Դ˳ʱĳĬ
˺һӣĵһγͬҩݣǰġ桱¯ٴȥ̻굤
ͬĹ£ַһΡ
̻굤ڳɵһٴαֻ֭Һ
Ԩɫѿĵϸϸڵڶʱôһ˿©
Ȼ̻굤δǱˡ
鵤ô
ú󣬲аȥ͵ȼĵ衣
ƷͷƷԪ鵤ֵȼĵ裬۶ƣǰΪ棬տʼӴʱûӡ
˼鷢ˣ͵ȼĵ裬Ҳڳɵһٴα
Ԩڡ桱¯ԣг˾޴ͷѽ⡣
ûܣܵġ
૵ţͷѹܲˡ
֪˶ã롰̳꣬һѶ
Ѷڴħ׿˸Ѫ֪ʶѶϢǰ½أӰĳУһξżѪһɻ
櫶һšΪξͺҩʦ
Ԩɫ΢𣬻ȻվΪΣֻкҩʦѵֻкݵߣ̬裿˵ֻںݴ磬ſԽᵤɹ
Ȼ䣬ǰʦ˵һЩ¡
Ǻӵ壬ĴϣȺݲ֪١
ǣ͵ģܰս
κһߵǻȺޣ壬壬壬ԼȺصд졣
ƫƫڵҩϣ·˸Ķ̰壬ϲϺݵҩʦ
ҩʦһЩȺҲƵģҩҩҽβ˵Ⱥ壬Щȴ޷ɹƳҩ
·ڵϣݵ壬ֻ漼ա
ƣ
ԨԼ磬縡أͲء
пܣĴֻ壬ֻһЩ硣
Ʃ磬ں̻ͨȫ̽գܸǧ硣
¶ޫhԼǧɹ᲻ΪǶĴ򣬱ں᳤һȥ
ͷԨڴʯʱ䶺
գڸ磬Υ˷صĴȥƵ裬ԳЦЦֻİҩʦˡ
ʼϧӷһҩҺϲٵݣƳνġ̻Һ
һƿ̻ҺȥüζΣ̾Ҳֻˡ
͵ȣ̻Һڲ̣;ͻӷ˲ҩûʢţ᲻ϵػӷȥ
ɡ
ӣڴҶ̻ҺԺһھȥ
ʱҴң²֪Ρ
ʱҶԶ
ҶڵԣƼˣƺѰʲô
Դˣ⣬ûȤЩ͵ȼΪ
ҲȻ֪Ϊɼһҩݣ¸ŭ׷ɱ½ġˡ
ҹ壬бһЩ½̽յ壬Ҳ˶ꡣ
죬ԨӾбѡ
Ѩڣõն̨ᵽһɿռ䲨
üͷԨڵĲݴԣԶȺƬ̣ƼּĿռ𵴡
Ѫܵͼȡ
ܿжϳкͱѩһȺȣɭݣѪͿռ𵴡
ֿһᣬһλȣѪغȻ



һǧһʮ հ
һʮ½ͣӺ󷽵ּ䣬ðͷ
ҹϴڣؤǱ󱳵Ѫδδ𡱵¡
ʱʹսʿش˿ڻûü
࿡ȣѪӿ˵ζϵѪ
ôôùأ
ΪɰĹ棬̾˸еؿ󷽣˵ý㣬Ƿֿˣҵᱻץ
ĺܣӦó¡һĴˣ뵽ͬΪҪˣȺǷֿҲ½ǣҪŽᣬȻǵĴֻ⡣
˱˵ߡ
ܿ죬Ǿ⵽ǰһֲܼСɽ
ƵĻ£ߵɽïʢֲмеѨ
үүҪϽЩѨڣ룬˵ýЩ׷ߣ˱ĵطʱӦðȫ
ָǰСɽĶڣٴοڣҸڣһ¡ӣֻҪ׷߷־ͺá
Цֻ
ǵһ½ǰֻҪӦޣʹż½塢ͻˣ˫Ҳᱬôҵս
Ϊ½½ս֣Ҫ˺ʱԹ档
ȷˣ󶯸ɸ꣬½ѰһЩ½쳣ϡٵҩݺͿʯ
˭֪Īظ¡
үүҲȰ
߰ɣǸڡߺȵ
ಣ
Ȼ䣬һӰдܳϻһˣý뿪һڣѸԶȥ
һˣ˴ʱ
ˣ
ǣӦҲǱ½ļһ׷ɱӵ˶Ѩ
ιСܰĴܣΣգŻ׷ߣ
桢мҹˣߺ
ԨţѸԶȥ
Īˣ£Ҳ£Ԩ뿪Ժ󣬵ЩѨ۶֦Զڽڸǡ
үүˣĶѨ
ֳ־ҹӣͻȻһУ˺͹棬׷
ָϣ罹̿ĲݸһЩɫεҶĻǻˣ½ͳߣֲģ
ĻڿںȻ
ɫȻ˺ľʹѨϸһҵĻĽڸ
ӦãӦɵˡ̾
˼һ
һȭʯϣʯ磬ŭ˵Ϊĺ½Ķˣ֣֮Щˣòͱ½ļһסˣߵˣ
壬ˡսȭͷݺݵ˵Ϊ
Щȫ½ҹΪףȺŮĸߣߣȫԨΪ˸ꡣ
үүǸСӣĸģҪŪĳͷʵ֪½Щŭߣ
ҲЦ

ֻǵ棬Ӵô˵ԨųˣƮȻȥ
һƿ̻ҺѸʱڶʱڣתһ񣬸֪һΧĻǶ
ȻҲһСṦ
̳ᵽٴγӯʼмȡҪ˶ãͻᱻԭΡ
ɼһСᣬҲ£ǰա
֧ѲСӣһСĹ򣬱֪Ȼʱرܿ
Ǳһ֣΢΢üԥ
²塢ͻسɽֺʹӦûбҩֲء
ֻǣЩطòٰȫкܶû
һͻᱬսҲѲ䡣
ԶЩҩݵĵطߵ򣬻ᰲȫĶࡣ
ĻѰٳҩݣȥơ̻Һ
еԾˡ
ͻȻ䣬Щ͡
һƿǰġ̻ҺɣſϣʼջԲѵĳˣץſƿӣе֭Һݡ
ľȻ˺þãԨϲˣ
˭˭
أһ˫ɫͫ籦ʯ
ֵشԨֿԼƣŶգʶԼ
ԨȻһг˹쵽µĹâ
ǰĳˣĸ֪Уϸ۲£Ȼһλٰİˣ
ʣڵѪģ΢Сϸڣȫı˹
ԣʧĸɸɾ
Ԩָо̳ɱΪ곹ڣſ㣬һ覴úٵİ̬
ֻǣΪʲô
ĳˣӦںϣֱӽΪ
ΪʲôǸոճһƬհ׵׶̬
ǳˣ۹ĵߣصǧŵһŮۡ
ԨͷϣܼǱؼ䣬ʱյҺʶѡ
Ŷǳˣ֪ˡͷ



һǧһʮ ը
ҩ֭ңҪȡ
аϸָͷδǬ䣬Ԩģʣµƿ̻Һ̬ȻطԸ
Ԩһͷˮ
ǰŮʣôȥǴİŮ
ȻǵߵõľգѾ˿̿Ųرڣ˿һۣ
Ԩ۲һòĸı䣬ԼǰĿȫȻһ¡
ͬǣͿĨȾϣʵɫһЩϣܵǣڲ˳Ʒ˸ı䡣
о޵ĹǽڣƤһϤޡ
ֻǿģڲûѪǣûڵอûеѪϣƫƫһ䣬ٵıˡ
˿̵ĳˣĸоˡ
ҩ֭
ڸʱ˵ģѷǰˡ
ΪʲôЩҩ֭Ԩ
޷˶εأŪһƿƿνġ̻Һ
ں磬Ʒ㲻ϵġ̻Һۡ
Ϊá̻Һǵ裬Ų϶Ǭ䡣
ƫƫҪľǴ
õġ
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Ԩ΢ѵΪܴ¼ңԲǵã
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ĹӰķģͲ֪İߵ㣬Ȼʹͫӿ֣ĵǺӣչ
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˷ߵأ类˺ŵĳЩ࣬΢С飬Ϣ
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һһŲȻǹ⣬͵ɫŽӯ½һʯߵء
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;磬Ȼ֪ܾͣõ½ٴڻ졣
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òҲƵĵ˿һο·Ȼӳõ˼лعǿһЦ󣬵֪粻򵥣֪صģܺӵͨϧԶ֪ȷеλá
ͣ룬˿֤ӮҵΣҾ͸һֻңǲĵܵܣ֪ģڸһܣ



һǧһʮ ·
˿νܣԨѹ档
ԨУΪСأ㰵ʲôܣҲྪˡ
ֻ磬ָ̳ܹϣӶɱ䡣
Ϊ֮
ƫƧûǿսʿܷϲ
ʱҳҹ塢ȵսͣڵ˿ǱԨҲ
߶ԴʯɵĳǱռǧĶҡ
ҪӼһ£ЩЧҵĸ졣
ڿĺʯ㳡˿һؽŵȹͷǶ౦ʯĻʹڣһȣԨ˵ý㣬½κѡеҩݡģʲôˣҶš
һʱõɳ©Ԩ
ûоʱ䣬ʱɳ©һ˵ɳʸɾˣһ졣Ҹʮʱ䣬ϣһƿҺܶ߼ѨսʿС
ʱ˿ͷ˿¡
ʮ󣬲ĶǺӹŽܽ˿ߣӽתƵԨϣЦһҺڴѶҺҵһ̡
ӹǼʱɳ©Ԩ䣬˵ͷʹӦ
߶ʯŽյĴ֪ʲôԨҲû̽ͷ
ΪǺӹŽǰ͹۲½ƳӦôݵ
ֻ뾡ժҩݣƳܾܳѪҩ֭Լָó
˵·ǷԸá
һ飬ͷãõġ
λ԰壬ѪﵽļŮӣԨη壬Ԩ˵ʲôΨΨŵŵӦ
ܿ죬ǰԨųں󣬾ʹӵ˿ĳǱ뿪
лС㡣
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ˣһЩ½ǺӹŽ߳ĸˣŵ˿⣬Ȼ뿪
Ƕ֪ǵӦѾڸ;УΪǺӹŽ̫ҫˡ
ս½֣Щ½ĸˣȻˣһһʱݼ
Ͼ˿½ˣҲϵͳߡ
ڻȥʱˣѾ˼ô˵ˡ
С㣬˵֣Ҳûʰ
Ψһİ˼ѪսʿԨʧȵĸˣӳǱԶȥԺ󣬲Щѯʡ
û֤ԼǰҲںʲô˿м˵
õǸŮˣܿ־ҹ۲˺ܾããƺη壬ϵá
ţֲϹҵȻܿ˿Цһģͳε½ȫҡʲôСһ㣬Ӧó˲ӡ
ϣˡ

½ԶԨеģҪľࡣ
طˣٺͰݡĻƣͬںݵݣҵȽ׾Ȼߣ
⣬Ǻӹ棬ںϡٺǺӲҩݡ
ЩҩֲԨ˷ľȷġ
аͬ࣬żҹ壬Ů𾴡
֪ǵ˿Ĺ͡
ա
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ҺҩЧһ㣬ɡҺɣԺ󣬶ʱо
ϲڡҺҩЧԶ룬˿˵ķҺȥ
Թ۲죬ÿÿܿҺ븹˵״ƺͱһЩ
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ֻҪ㹻ġҺһƿƿعȥŮջٴ
ڵ˿Ҫģܶ߼Ѩ˵ĶҺһ㲻ż
Ϊ˵ʵ׾٣ûһѶȡ
ǶǺδ
죬ԨĴ֣ʵľȻڷŹ⣬˺ģãȥǶɡ
ﲻԣ
΢æҡͷеŲͷе˿£Ȧŵޣʹ죬ͷȻã
ޣԨʶأ촽۾Ȼҫ֪ʲôȽ𣿡
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½ޣѪȼֻͣļ
弶ޣ涼ûһֱź
˿Ȼ½ͳߣӱĵطŪȦǰĴ֣Ͻ˷ص㣬Ǵֵ޵ȼҪ½أʱԨ̰ġ
½Ҳо½˿ڣѪȼ涼½
˵˿µСأ׵ܵʩߴͳεģҪ߳һ
Ҳѹ֣ſڱտڣ˵ʩߴǲĵܵܡ
ǲΥ£ԲҽȥһͷӬ͵͵˵ôȥĸˣһûţ޺ǿҲΪ˱ǡ
ǿͺã
Ԩúöԣ˿ûбοķԸ
õȰ裬ųˣǰֱӾͳ˽ȥ
Ȼ󣬾Ϳܶԡǹ¹Уû»ԡ
Щ棬ܿһͷͷޣھ׽Щ֦Ҷмȡ֮ܣȥǿ׳ǣǿ
ޣԳ
Щ޵ǣԨʧУֱԼ۾



һǧһʮ ڶ
ûëƤӨ͸ƤһĹͷ
ĹͷУǰ΢Сߵ㣬ڻ谵֮ڷ⡣
ޣѪߵͲȣԽΪǿޣ磬Ԩš
ԣڴ˷ƵأһͷͷޣԨ⡣
ǣ⣬ȻԳȻҲڵУ
ǰãڴħ׿ˣΪԼ׼һ֮أռͷ񼶱ԳʬԳӡΪ̡
Ȼ䣬ڸ½أֿһͷͷԳȻһϳ
Գ˺صΪλڴˣ
ңǰЩԳƺûеˡ
ݺݵ巨һȺֻҪ֣ǷȺޣ¾ͻвǻۡ
ȺҲΪ壬޵ķ롣
Գһ壬ͷʮȺӦһɳ죬еޣڵʱ
ǰЩԳûǻۣ
治ʱְַУܼžأ·ϸܵ硣
Ȼе£һͷͷʰͫţ¶ݣ̰½硣
߰˸ռʮĶȻҲʮ
Ԩһ
֪ҲǺݶеޣأƲġ
ԳǳԹޣⷽΪأలĻ棬ԨһζԸ磬ŨĺȤ
Ϊλ
һʧеãԨü
õľ˲ԶЩޣԳע⡣
һͷͷļ弶սޡޣİള룬ڵܺѪȻͳ˱Ű̵ζ
Ǳ˴֮䣬ûнɱԺơ
෴ԳȺںݴ磬ǳ
ͣ
УƺʹŲţȻԨ
ԨٺһЦкȻ޽еĽʣסʵһͥСصĳƴ
ûѪ⾫ܿãûϣ̻۵ǧı뺷ǣʹսҲģǰһûִޡ޾ն
ڶ࣬ںܶʱ򣬲ǾԵơ
Уڴ
˷أλе˿ĹС㣬Ȼ֪£пܻһֵ졣
Լ󴳽Щ׵ޡΧɱԼԼֻǳԱɱһڵޡޣӦò̫Խɣ

нʼһˣָһͷͷ޺Գơ
غ
һͷͷԳ˻㾪岻أ󳷡
Գ˻Щ޺ƺᵽʲôԾһֻֻĿ־壬ȻҲڽںˡ
ԨȻ
ǣη㱳ϵá
˵ãԨıѡ
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ʵϣǿǱԼϣûĳˡ
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һͷ˯ĿֲޣȻǾޣֻҪûӾǡ
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գ۹򣬱ԨΪʳޡޣʧԨߣԨûڡ
ۣ۲ǰĻľݣ滨ƺȡ»ԺǹԼ
ľݣܶ඼̺ܹΪҩġ
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ָоλĹС㣬˿̾½Ǳڣĳ־ʥԶԶһһ
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ʱ
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ǰڣڵֻ޵񼶱ǿߣǺӣԡ
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ΪعǿߣƤӵ£°Ǭ۹ķˣǵǺӹŽƿڣӶ뿪
磡



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˿һִĳǱֺĹ񷶥ǳŵģ©״ǹĴ䡣
һͷʮ׸ߵʬʶ׷̬ƤûǻԵʯ
ǹ⣬񷶥£˲Ƥʧ
Ĺͷܣϵؽǹâ޴
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ϰ˶һֻҫ½ģһ壬ȣŮҹŵĴ䡣
һֻӳճǸÿеĽأֳԨӰ
Ȼ˿עһֱֻͣԨС
һھƣݳЦ⣬ǶҺ޾η֮ģѾôˣǷҪӲȥ
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ԨһֳĿݹ⣬ԳĵѨĹǺ
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ŴһĿݹǰԽʴ۾ȥϸ
Ĺͷڣкɫɫ΢СңĴлĳأ
Ԩ˲Щ˺ܶжز뵽ѪอҲǵĹ衣
Ѫอʱ丯ãѪˮݹǻš
ΪݹǺЩ޺֪Բʳ˵ϣҲصĴڣݹûз绯ɷɻҡ
ݣˡ
૵ɫһȻĴ⡣
ԺݴǿǺӹŽзǷǿߣ޿Ƥӵ£°ڶෲˣƿѡ
ʵϣǧܹݣȻȥ壬ָ
壬°߷˵ĿԣС
ѵԼˣ
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ΪǺӣڻҶ̸ϣһڱεܣǺ˲ͻҽˡ
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͵Ƚܻ򣬶Щ˶ԣҲĿֲ֮أһҪˡ
°߷ȥСأʲô壿
ʲôǿߣѵͨݵķˣĥԺݵľ綾Ӷںݵϣ
ͷһһԨԺγɡ
˺һӣò׷أͳʮͣ£һû޺׷ƺȻһ
ԨʱԨأǿͨ·ض
Ƭ̣Ԩϵĳ˷£Ҳõעӣֱ˵ضԣͷ̽ȥ
һƬİڣʲôҲƲķ紵Ԩһ
ۣȥֵɷļХ
һǻһ֣֮ٵѨϣƴĵضУȡ΢С

һԨۣɫ
ԥһȡһƿҺ£ŻԳӯ͸Ͻת
ضֵɷХ죬Ȼ
Ҫ۾ͨĸ֪ѿӵض棬һͷͷɷǼǧѪޣᵽ˷ĸ
ԨᳶǣЦݲ̶ᡣ
Աߣһֱãʶֶ˼
ҲʱԨתһֳۣſŵضıأӳûѨ
ܹûξߣɢļХ͵쳹ԨʶСء
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ҡһ䣬ΪһתٻΣаֻŵĻеĲʳ顣
ȻͼЩꡢ飬ǰͺ̵һͷ
֮󣬾ͶʱʧԨ񣬻ûС
Ļ˿ߣʼԨõڣɣϸϸڻʡ
磬˷İĵѨȻǱźݵһͷ׺ħ
Ԩ졣
ע⵽һȻУ˷Ʈɢͷʱ϶ص׶ѨһͷԺݵĵħˡ



һǧһʮ ԨĲ
е
Щܼ֯磬еΪɫеѣĿ
һشصУǸ֪쳣Ȼӿ
Ƭ̺Ƭ˿ΪģȻУȻȫڴˣȫĶѨϿƯ
ȻЩжж׳Ѫһֻ
ڽصģһͷͷԳޣܿе쳣֪ĶѨֵ飬ȴӲǲҽӽ
ѨڴƺǽУһĽأ
䣡
죬Ƶĺ󲿷붴ѨԨüϲɫϢû
ɫ΢
ʶСصڡ£ҲδٴδѨڣɷ顣
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ֵȺãӵضͷһ˿Ӧ
Ԩ֪ǱڶѨصħн٣صס
ЩͶɷҲӰ죬׷ݷҴӶѨðͷҲ͸Ӧʩչġͷųų
أ
ԾضڳʪĵϣԨ̧ͷһشصУغȵǻ
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ûûһͷ޸ҹ
ԶԨ뿪ѨɫָС߹ĽܾǶѨʲôħ֣Ȼв׷׾ӿҪɱļơ
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ȿȣ˵ǺݵǸ˵ħҲǺݵħ
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ԨЦһνħָӦǺأ޵񾳵ɣ
ѵǲǣúܲ죬жǺɣҶǰˣǰǺӣҲײеħɱڶ˰˵ܶǵ磬ݵħҰ
Ԩӣٶ˵
ʱڵģڵݣȻأԼصߡ
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Ԩһۣ˵ͷӽǵضҲ̫Զ
ΪΣ
Ϊ̫͵ضһ룬ܹ㡣Ȳᱻ˺飬ҲᱻضðŤǡ
ضħô󾪡

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ҷ³˲ܣΪ֪ʹ״̬λŮ½ĽأӦҲûʲôΣա
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Լʱڶ
ԨȻͷֻһƬӰǺ£ʱ֪λ½ʵͳߣȻѰ˹
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˿һεľװһɨɨڶʬЦȦǣҲ˲ٹкһɱô࣬е˰
ŵġ
һ鿾ɽɫ⣬Ԩ˹
˿ֽסͷһͼָ֬ϣд˹Źֱ飬¸ң˿һҪЦӡ

һƿɫˮҺǵĶҺҲԨ
˿òÿŵһֻֽסʢž綾ƿٿһֻеĿ⣬ˣҳ⣬ǷЦ
ÿһĻЦֲңӲš
ֲɵȻ֪ĸóԣĸóԡԨڻǰأŪһͷԳĹ⣬ڻϿɨһµؽµĵѨˣˮ
λ˿͵شģѨ߼ˣ˵񣬳Թͳޡ
ԨɣһǵѨǿѳ˺ҧ˿Ѫ⡣
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߼ĵѨˣнǺױֹǴִĶϼ룬һսĺˡ

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Ϊɡ
½ҩݣȻо綾ⷽػһÿһˮݣиʴ綾
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˵Ĳһ˫أԨö
ޣвٺݵޣҲ档ԨеĲֳͬһ⣬׸˵˿
˿ȽסҧһڣŵѾ֤



һǧһʮ һͷħ
֨֨λѨˣѪڣʣһߺǡ
һɢĻҺɫͷ­֣ȻܵһǣȻɳضȥ
ڿԨĿ׷һŻ
նɱԳһͷͷޣѪȼϵͣδܵǷǻۡ
ûǷǻγɣֻܹΪޣ߼Ļγɡ
ΪˣʮͷޡޱɱҲ޻꣬ɢء
λ߼ĵѨˣȻǲһġ
λϵǻ飬Ļǡ
Ժ󣬰պصĹ򿴣ǽɢţصһ
գ־֮صԴͷ
⡭
ҺʴĵѨսʿĻǣûһʱţǾӿţȻͨ½ĵض
㿴õ
˿е⣬һ֬ɫȡ
δָԨڲǰոԡûڶ飬ȻƼõ塣
˵ͷ
˿䱳ĵأʱأԵúܲ˼顣
壬ȥսҺļ䡣˿Ȼ
θߴ˼սʿָָԨԱߣЩɱֱһѪ޽ŵ޺ޣԨ򵥡
û£Ծǡ˿ٴ˵
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˿Ŀ⣬ڶϣ壬ҲŪȥҺĻϣ
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һѿסļ򣬵ͺһ˲졣
һܹϣͣǺӹŽ
ʱڳſԨע⵽һ̯ѪˮĵѨսʿʣĺУҲ˶ء
Ѩݹǹǽڵģһޡ
ЩкݵķˣҲеѨˡ
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ԵѨսʿǣιѨеꣿԨ˺ߣֵǣΪʲô࣬ƲǺ
ָָǰģһĿݹǣôȥ˵
㲻ϤΪǲʶȺЩݹǣǺݵ壬ûķˡ˿˵ʱԨ۾Ƴ
񷶥Ĵֻͨ޵۾ܿԨΪ
ֻǣԨĻӲ֪Ԩ
Ԩһεִ˶ѨһĿݹǴʱ䶺۲죬ע⵽쳣֪Ԩ˲ͬ
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壿Ԩе㾪棬ٴθߺȣûķˣܣ֪ķˣ뿪ǵ磬û취ִǺӡ
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Ȼش֮ǰ⡣
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˵˵ͷħԨص㡣
ͷݵĵħΪթǲĽ˶ꡣ֮ǳġ˿Ȼ̾һǰӣļҪҸ׾͡ɱһЩѨˣЩι
У˳㶫Ԩᡣ
ʹ˽˿Ҳûʵʵ˵ʵ֪ĴڿʼҸ׾ͺϾӴüΡʱװɵһѣһҡ
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Ҹֲ뽫磬ڵܣԱ˷ҲԸñֶΣ䳹ĨɱȻͱˡ
ÿÿʱŪ꣬ǿš
˵ͷѲĵħ˿Ҳͷķҽ½ԺҲŽӴֻһأʱ˵һЩģŤǵľ綾ҽʲô
ԳЦЦ˿˵ҸоҲǼٵġ
ָŵϣһ̯Ѫˮɫ䣬һǱƻˣūۡڵµģЩѨˣӴȴżо˼룬ȻΪΪЧ
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ЩѨˣ̫ˣҲûãҺʩߴѨκһõ
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ķˣСΪǻ飬ֻ꣬Ҫ˶ܳΪͷħ֡˿
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ΪֻǹĻ塢ŮˣԡҪʦڵأɺݵ°߷Ū
ţҲΪȻҪŪ
ӦңƶҺڸһӣҸǸܡ˿˰죬̧ͷһͣǺӹŽ
һɱļ¸УʱԨок˺ߣá
Ӧˣ
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һһ󣬵˿һγĬ֯ԣ¿ڣݣĻԳǸ֡ޣΪϤģϵõЩҩݣиˣߡ
磬һҹ䣬ƾֵġ



һǧһʮ ߸ʶ
Ԩ𺳡
˿һϯ߸Ը֪еܲ⣡
ΪģЩ֣ҩݣ壬ޣȻȫ֣ȻãӦǱֲİݡĻгԺݵޣǸԭ
Ԩ飬˵Ĺ죬˿̵ɫһ㡣
磬ںδ
һٴθ棬ʱ˳õ˼
ѵǴӺݸѶԪ񼶱ǿߣԸ컻صֶΣ룬ܰڴ˷
˳˼·ȥ룬ܶɻȻ˴𰸣ƩЩķʬƩ簲ݺĻڶĺޡ
ǣԨ˵ݴĳһأиʧٰ
ûпܣں޼ʵĹǺӣһͺƵ磿
һңԦն̨Լʹ︡磬Ȼ⡣
ѵһң˸磿ǡڵľֱʣ
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ٴοضתħ
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Ǵ˷صͷħħأӶҩݣ
˿С㣬ͷħ֪㣬綾ҽһԨ뵽һЩ飬ٴȥ֤νľ綾ָʲô
û˵塣
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Ԩ˵ͷ˼ص֪ĵħթ
֪˿ЦһҰŰɡ
ĺأһΪκأ涾УҲеħԨܣ۾˸⣬ǽµĸ磬ǴӲκѳٱŪǵ򡭡
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Ѩײͷħ׽綾Ҳֻ綾֮Ŀǿ󡣡ԨЦţٴ˵ڵصףͷĽƣͷƣ޷ġ
˵û취ԼȥժĶݣ׽о綾ĳҪô㣬㸸ףԻƭǣǸƾ綾ҩ֭ķʽ͵ص
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Ǽ׷櫡ԨֻʶλӲͷƤ˵
˿ʱȻ𾴡



һǧһʮ ˭
ӵ˿¶ľ⣬Ԩжϳ櫣һǰĴ
һ˽֪֡
Ǽ׷ģȻ櫳ϣʧˡ˿ݳЦݣ櫳ϣڰܹŵǰȨսڣҲºͣԵͺܶǻǿߣõĹϵ
ͣ٣˿ٵҲǡ
֮˵ĻϻӾʹˡ
Ԩ˿ѯʣѪħƿص򣬵ʲôһ״
֪ܿʧԺΪףߣͨ٫ɿڡӿ룬ЩѪħģڶѪϴ˶ܲ
أΪ¾һӿǿա
Ѫħ⣬вħ֧ȺҲϸ֧Ԯ
⻹塢壬ļߣҲ׷Ӧħ׿˵ٻӸԵǺɱ
ǻ飬ͺݵ壬ԹѾãһʱġ
οԾģں̻ͨᡣ
伣ԺǿߣһֱĶҲ˺˫νǳƺ졣
ЩսǿߣҲΪ˰ħ׿ˣֻǵأҪǿߺʹ
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ٵǿߣ׷
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˿ͷħҪҸ̸һ̸ȻôȥһӣżߡŶˣԳ㲶ɱһЩ޷޻顣
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΢ѲҪ붴ڵԨʩչڵĲ֮ء
ǣҼȻҪľ綾ҲӦûһЩɣ
ÿһͷεĵħżǻۣѷɫκ飬飬ͷħԼжϡ
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Ѿָ˲ٻԨ̼Ͳ׽ˡ
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뱻ת߲ϼ⣬ۼ·ԡеһ
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ǰΪʱͰ֩ĽӴߴɵЭ飬ûŵش룬ڱ̷ɽ
УǰЩΪԺط󣬺Ļ档
һĻĻ룬Ҳڰ֩Ļ棬Ժγɣôֱۣ·ǰøոշ
֪ͨģ֩뱻ɫնɱǺӵĲһĻ
Ȼ󣬸½½еˣе𶯡



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ڵصģЩѨ˿ٵҶͳǳأܶ˶ѡ
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ͬģ½壬ҹŮٲֵȣҲ̻̲գƺûйƾ
ԴǨһƬֻͣк½սʱŻв
˵һҲļ԰
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ȻֿЩҵĹӦò̫ܹܶ֡;ϣڿ뱻ɱ󣬻˱ŭħǲšԨ
һ붴ѨµУֽƯݳ
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ǣǾͺãǾͺáò
˿ϵطٵִ

ΪһܹǺӹŽԺԵطԸ뿪Ҳعˣһڴ˴һӡ
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ãǺͺһǣѾԹˡ

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Ϊǰصĸ壬Уìܲɵ͡
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Ҿãǿ취ͷȻҪıꡣԨ
ҲƲס˿Щǡ
˵ˣԲϤĺݵаħ絤˿ĹС㣬ȱΣħڣһѳ˸
Ӵаգ˵ǴЭ顣Ԩ



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ԨԼǰĵأڽڰҩ֭
ص׶ѨͷԺݵħʱûϢ
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ŵ˿˵ǧĹԨое֡
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ҲΪ˲ûûǣܣڵ״һһӡ
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ڵĺֻ۵ָͷһɫӦ󣬾ȵؿݵ¶һͰ˫Ѫͳ֣û뵽ǺӣҲĻѪߴڡ

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κֿλħ󣿡
֩ʱΪλʶǰ
ʱڣյ޽̥
µĸ磬γӦǧʷˣħνʶģγɣ

ޣΪħλȻԵ˸ʱ򣬲ڴ˷򣬶̵򡣡
򣿡ԨȻ
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ҳȥˣҸһЩҲľڡˣʱڣħû˺ͻ뿪ˡ
ңȻڴ˵ءߣ첻ұ̫ã߲
ӦңгһյȽΪң˿ຣҵ˼꣬ûȵȴȵѶ
ˣħʼĬͷ׷ŹһĻĻ
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ദα𻨣ֻδᣬɼȻԸΪ޽̥ɼȷмĸ顣
ڣûȵڴ·Ľ֮ѣȴԶ뿪ˡ
ħ񷣬ҫǳ¹⣬һǻɱɣŨҡ
ģʹǾһλﲻʹ죡
Ԩ㱣һʱеԽܣҲò˼顣
ǰľżͼѵᣬǰħôأ߲롣
󣬸˱ķʽ˺ܾúܾãŽڵħſ
룬ʹħӣҲ֪ѱΪɱĿ꣬һγǺǰ뵮ȻиԼ
ֲ²ͷһ飬ԨҲˣĬĬ



һǧһٰʮ 
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뱾٣ټħӦ½ĳħڡаڡ׶̵ߣнڡڵˣҲƬ򿪸ʹѪħưԵ򣬳µĽⳡ
Ϊ֪ƬĿ⣬ԪڲϽִơ֮ìմZҢȥ
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ԨȻ޵壬ӦΪ׼ġ
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ңҵһѣͻȻѰˡ˿һУյ˵ұúģ鵢ˣƵ̫ˣԼѰˡ



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Ӱɭ߳ŵ˿ǿһЦǸ˵ʵǵȲҲûİ취ˣ߶Źء
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Ԩ̫Ѩڳ˵ġݡ֮ٴطŮ
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⡣
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أ
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һǧһپʮһ 
Ĳսײʪ
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ԨŮʣŵֱ񵰡
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ֻͻĲӦԳ˹˵ֻûȫָʱҵĻһνɱҪǵȲȫҪɱɾûôˡ

ΪܵɭԸ飬йע
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ԨԨˡȺһԵúǲͷ֮͵ʲôҲ֪
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ںӣԨһԵ˿ĸݣƳҺ̷һͨʣµ⣬ŸɺԵѪ⾫ܡ
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ڴڼ䣬ÿÿƳҺ˶᲻أҪ
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Ԩ֪ĳ˯ǻʲѡ
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̧ͷ󵨺Ԩӡ
ʲôûˣŵ壬ҪʧȥˡҲ֪ԺӦʲôû취ΪҸױԣ㡭ܴ𣿡
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˵ѶϵҲ˹
սʿĸףʹΪܣ˹Ȼҳݡ
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޷ʧȥĿİȣڸټԨ֮󣬾һ
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á
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ȴÿÿܿˣƺ࿴һ۶ҡ
𣿰Լʵ飬ҶˡԨıͫ˸غɱ⣬ȴܽûи

ѪԨѨϻһס󣬲תЦЦؿħħûߣ͸һֱԹԴţ𣿡
Ѫħ𾪵
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Ĵ˵ȻھޣżѪ壬ħ񣬷׷ױɡԨƾʲôС΢
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ţŶ
Ԩص˵ͷҡһЦе˵Һ˵һ˵ںݵĸӾƣǵʶΪԻָһˡ



һǧһپʮ ͻ
״ǺӹŽڻ谵ǺӰš
棬ͷͷλãվλԡŲȻǹ⣬޾Ǻʴǿߡ
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ڴˣȥǷ½زιۣǱߵľɫ
ºͱ³ˣЦԾֱܾ˵ȥ硣
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ǳرݻ٣ɽصǱȼչĽɫ
һĩվ
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ºͱ³ԣŭŨŨıʹλЦˣûԤϵᷢ顣
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㣬ι̣ܻģʮ
˷ˣа˼սʿפȫˣȻڱ˺ѣҲѹ
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طҰްĵͺ

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ZҢ΢֮ìʧۣһֻץſѪֹսʿͷ­
Żĸָͷ׾ͷ­ڲ
֮챦תһͷͷ­ڲ׽ҪѶϢλߣҷѲӡ٣̫ˣǲΪ壬ͬǸˣͷĲС
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λӵһ̳ܹ췱ǣȡ֮ܵӡZҢЦ
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˿ǰˣԵú侲ǳԲµġ
Сʲô飿¬ѯʡ
Ҫôҷ򣬾͵ʲô֪Ϊֻˣǲܱ֤ԼİȫϾҷҲһЩõ顣ZҢɫݣҪô͸һƱģ
ģưȡ
Ǿͺúıһ貵ǿǣĨZҢЦԸԪڵˣҸǵ꣬ң¡صע
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ֵ¬лưһЩˡ
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ģ
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ɵǿߣZҢͷ࣬ʱƶļƻԼ֮ͷͬˡ
Ǿ͸һƱģ

Ԩ֪ڵҷ򣬰ӿı
뿪׼
һƿɫ̵Ũҩֽ֭˿ÿһƿе˿ĸ첲ϸʲôҲ˵ˣΪҪȽ鷳
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Ԩ޷֤˿һͨƿҩ֭ɹѪ
֪Щҩ֭ѪٷְЧ
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Ҳͣƿصҩ֭
Ҫ뿪磿
ӹҩ֭Ժ󣬵˿򣬿ų˯ĳˣ׷ڶѨԱߣͷأĴͷޣǣҲһǼһ𣿡
ԨĿУ֪صص׵ħѳɹ
Ҫһӡ
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˵֪ǸܣЩʬǵĳԵɡѷ
Ԩ˵ͷ
ţοʱӡڱ۹ǵۣ̽ͻȻȸС
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޵ħĿȼŻ棬Ȼ
Ԩ۹ǵ쳣ħӦȴ֪Եɡ
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ο壿

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ħޣ׷մҳľһ˫ȼ߲ʻͫȻԵÿն
ͿĨŸȾϵĲս˰Ⱥɭˣҡ
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аָͷ򽥽Զĸ磬һ˫Ԩ첲ͷʵôٵȵȣ
ԨȻһЦҵĶܲġ
ʲôħ
˰ΣԽԽ󣬡Ǳ
ԨЦЦʱĿ꣬Ӧڸ硣أһ죬ǻѰҵġ
ΪôֱԲ䣬Ϊңż뿪ô
Ԩ
΢һͷĮ˵֪ˡ
˵ģǱ𣿡޵ħζȼŻĿŻӣԨֱۣǰ½Ҿ;ԾСӡĴˣ
ǰɡԨ̬Ȳ䲻ȡ
ͷħԲбɱҲǻá
ԨǣҪɷħһǴħ
Ĵˣٺ٣



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޵ħڸ꣬ǹ
ȻûøУеģҲֻŨĺ⡣
ˣԨе֪ԨȻĴˣе˱ϣָԨصعһʳޡ
Ԩأ밲ڱ̷ɽ󣬻ĸݡ
ʱԼѹƣԼ븡磬ԼڹǺӵôɡ
һһʵԨͷϡ
Թͺ⣬ԨоĵȴΪ⡣
ĽѪĳӯԨսѸٵػָ
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ȥ
ǡݡܣûأдĲͽǽΪѪԴͷʼ档
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ԨǣȻмԨԴ˵ǵǺӣܵõָѣɱΪȫʢʱڵĲ
ֻҪ֪Լ˭źεȿֲܰĵ뿪
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ҷ򣬰Ⱥܵʲô¡
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ԨͰȶָоλŮǹأҪƻ˵ĺ£ǹ׽
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졣
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⣬ǧС׾΢С̫
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Ԩ͸޵ħҲӴڷɳؿСء
СӣСأŷѽصࡣңЩѾɱˣֹܲ˰ɣħ͵˻
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ٴΰ飬˺ߣһλǱأͨ·ԪڵߡûĻǲҪλԪڵߣ㸺㶨Ҫ֪Ϊڴˡ
ģң
޵ħʱ˷Ц˹ȥ
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λȻڣеȻȲһǶ֡
⣬Ҳ֪λѳħָ˶
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໺ŹңԪڵˣ
ޣҺݵĵħ˶ң
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磬ѡеĻɱص㣬ǻڸ磬ѹԵ£³нȫڴˡ

ħɱ綾ǺԺԪǿߣҲû뵽ϮһҲսȻдħڡ
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ˡ
˿Цݣᶨҡҡͷ̨Ŀƿϸؼ飬Ƿмζ֭Һ
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λİ˼ǿߣüͷ壬˲ԤС
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ٺ٣㷴žͺãô
޵ħһɫʹĽһһĳѾͷѵãҪѰ
ԱɱԪߣرռΪС
Լʹ˲ϣսƷ
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ڣŮѲҪҺ˯ʱȴ
ȻԨǰȣʵͨ˯ĬĬʲôܻһ̾˲ۡ
ѣ˵ǰ飬ѹֵע
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ǣʱȥô죿
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ǸǾͻȥɣһٶһЩ꣡
ͨνʳħ׳ӲˣԨǷֵˡ
һԨھȻطĸ磬Ȼһٸ⡣
ɲ㡣ԨЦ
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ಣ
ޣһԾʱ
׼Ԩֿ죬ٺٹЦ׼ᷴǣ
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޵ϪӣԨĹУС
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㣬öҺɱңڶЦ𣿡
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ħİҽÿһϪ𣬼еصӿء
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ҡҡͷԨɸֵ̾ǹġ
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ȵı飬Ҳ˶ôǵħ𣿺ݵĵħħһó깥𣿡
޵Ŀ仰
ڵص׶ѨڣħʩչĻǹ뵽ԨʶСأͱɱɾ˸
ңаȥԨԺ



һǧһپʮ 
ⶾǰĺݣνǹھµĽⶾʥҩҩһĵı־񵤡
˵ҩڣʼ漰ҩ֮ΨԼ᲻ж⾫ƶɡ
˵Уⶾɽٶ
ڡⶾħǿ߷׷󵤣ΪͦκȥۻŨаأ̽еԿ
һ˺֮ħ࣬ս㣬ľ綾ھǿ߿಻ԡ
żһմȾʴ綾Ѫã걬
Ӻܶ෽濴κǱȿ־֮ظɲյĵطҲΪ֮أħǿߣԴͬɵǳ
ǰĺ棬ƳⶾԺ󣬲Ÿڲκֱײ
˵ԱΪκһ
ĴȱԨ޷ԡ桱ƳġⶾֻŪⶾˮ
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׼Ȼ׳һ̶ȣһᣬͻ֣뿪ǰͰƳⶾˮΪľǴ˿̡
綾Ϫӣ൱ڴħѪħ֮꣬ȫ붾Һڳɳ
ԡⶾˮĺģشħܳʱ䶼QֻԵħй
ָתԨѨϻС֮ξЩС
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ΡΡأһˣʹͷġ
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Ҫڲκν磬ҵ;綾ҩݣڼʱѸǼָ۷塣
жĵطǵս䵽ֲĸ߶ȡ
Ȼһ뿪Щطûʱܹľ綾֮Դǵ󣬽ѻָ
Ʃǰħ׵ľ綾Ϫӣڱⶾˮغ󣬾ۡ
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ԱߵİȣһЦֲЦıŤ飬ƺڸħӻĲ̫ʹ
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Сظ߿յǺҶܣһʱ䱻롣
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Ԩ˵ëϸף꣬͵ҲоܱǺӣһ˿һܣ֪졣
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¶棬еìܺעһ˲˹
ŵܣͻȻûôҪZҢǱھޣҲѰ
Ĵ˶ôδйļѡ



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ӿݵǳر͵ص׵нѱɴ
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˿̣ԪZҢΪ׵ߣɢǳĸ
ǻʯɴеؼץĬĬϴƷʣǿԼս
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ǵִ˵Ѿмˣżݾߵأȥ
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һȻأңԶǺ֮Ѩϵġ֮ìзɳؿڡ
֮ì꣬Ļǹͨţӳֵͫ
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һѽĿZҢϡ
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Цظ߰Եüڴ˷ܡ

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ڰ˷ͳߣĽ壬˽շĶ࣬ɲҷ¡
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Ԩɫ䣬仰
ֻʣ°Ⱥͳ˵ĲƴڣŮ˿˯еĳˣг˿ɬη塣
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˺ѽڿڣ˷СصԨ֪ᵽޣڱλ޵ħʳ
ûǣֻ᱾ɱȨĳޣѪۻ󺬶
ħģǶ綾
ȼֵܵͣһĳޣܿͱʳɾƬֲҲڽĵؽ磬ûϢ
ã޵ħҡͷԵط
ͷһոߴͣĲսԥ˰ΣͻȻ˵Ӧúֿ
ûָգԨһ˲䣬֪ħ˵ǳˡ
Ԩʾħ˵
صס
ħתͷ­أ˼Ӳʯܿ뵽°ס
Ԩɵβţһ·˵صףźСĵħȻ˵˵뷨ҪҵֶΣҲ޷
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ħҡҡͷȳĬ˰Σ֯һ˼·ȻſڣִƵѪݵն̨ĳ˵ʵļζն̨һͷͷʬУʮ񣡡
ǲǿվްȺԺͱܣѰǿʳ
һִ̣Ƶն̨ѪԼľѺɱ䣡



һǧ Ը
޵ħüΪصԨ˵ǿվ޵ϰԡ
ħ¾Զ֪Ǻʳ۷ĴڣĿֲײС
˵ǿվޣԾɱ̰
ǿվޣγɵһ̣Դһֵֻ壬Ȼƿŷʹ
ʹģһԪɱΪ·֮
ñȣһݵĸߵǻȺС̳콾㡣
ġ̳˴໥沢ںϣƩħ׿ˣǧټƵأҪûڵ
Բͬġ̳޷ڡ
޲һ
ÿһͷǿվޣȻӡڵĴܱǿվɱ֮
ͲڣԲһ£Ͳڵ⡣
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ڹϵǿվ޵ĵû䣬ҲΪǱ˴໥ɱҪԷӵʱЯĴ
ϵ̩̹еĴеٮٮߡ
ħֱԣǿվ޺ѵĵĽʳܣԨִƵն̨ʱ֮ͱ˪Ҳʱպͱ˪УֻᵽϢζ
ʳıܺͿܴݻǣ޷Լ
οĲͼΪȶ
ħǿվ޵Ȱ˵ԨأԶˣԼʱᱻʳվ
һ˵꣬Ԩ˼ã
ԨĲն̨ڣЩǧģһͷͷʬ
ħ˵ǿվޣ˴˲ɱԷЯĴʱ뵽ģѾ߱εͷ̩̹ޣ
ޣͨӿһͷͷʬڵѪϢ׳ɳ
УӦˣһصĴ磬Ѵھ޽״̬
Щϵ̩̹Яģնģһڻռ塣
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ħûƭǿվ޵ı˿ֲɹѹĳˣ᲻б뷨ʹ㣿
ܺǣһռϷ磿
Ȼ䣬ԨǰλŮʱ¾ͽ̵ն̨Ѫ뱻ٵѨСأն̨Ϣⱻ˾죬׽ټ
ʱĳˣ᲻˸оѾն̨ǿҵȾָģ
Լն̨ѨϢǲǻڣ
ն̨ɢݵϢһֱջѵʱ˽飿
˳˼·롭
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ô̩̹أ
ȻӡͷޣԽѵĲ˵ζʲô
ǵԿܱܣ
ԨɫĪ⣬ħһϯŪɹ
֪ΪΣǱʶãħûⷽŪǺӵľޣȷ˱ܡ
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Ԩһ˼سȡ
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ĬĬ

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һ޵һɡ
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ڣħһ޵ľ綾Ϫӣ߷֮һħ갵ء
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ΪľߣȻ֪еǿ޵һͷľżޡ
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ˣֻҪ޵˵õˣǿԾ
ڴ˵ħûڣ͸ױѰˡ
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ֻ߷֮һħ꣬ǿħͳĹЦڻšأҲҵ㣬ִƻ֮ìZҢԪڵھޡ
ħѾ˼أ߷֮һħڴˣǲԨ
Ԩ־ʱܱߵĲ񣬶Ԩֲ뿪֮£ֻó²ߡ
ǣȸ˭ѡ
ԳԨȡĻᡣ
ZҢһˣ֪ԷԨնɱһԪڵĴޣ֪ҪıµܣԨķλߵֹϵϸ˵ƶԷŵһЩ¡
ļȻǽأͻһ˵ǣZҢͼıҴ
֮ìZҢãȻ
Ԫڵ󣬻֮ìµˣһλûʽ̤ǺӵС³ȥݴ磬ռ˺ܶõѶϢʲôZҢںԪڵĵλ൱
΢΢ɫ
ˣ³
ġ
ǿеħҪأ˵ZҢıԭĴ㡣
³ͽųһ亹
ǣû⣬ʱ˿̣ǲѾ˸磿
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˿£׽šZҢ֣ðź⡣
֪ǸԨСӣͲ׼ȷ򡣡ħڣ͵ЦΪһңǻһû׻ָǻɱĻᣬֻ̫
ҪǣɱǸԨҪִƵ
ģûԦҲࡣ

ħ̸
³ˣԺŹ֣㿴ңҿ㣬û֨
ǽһ񣬾֪Ľħ²֪ǺԨйεĽ
ȻҲ֪ű³⣬ҲǱԨ⡣
ݵĵħȻǽթĻزмЦܹܳ뿪磬ҲӦͨԨİɣǱͷߣ㲻Ӧøж𣿡
죡״ӣұĽֱи½뵽ǿռҺ죡ħ
죡
磬Ȼйأ
λǿߣһϯ𾪵Ըӡ
أĽϰߡ
³أħһۣһ˵ǲҪָڵŵأҾƶϳˣͲǰй켣
һ£³ֵȻǣĻȥԨһѺñ֡
ص˵ͷߣа취ϵԨˡ
ڣһֻ۾³
غٺЦġ
ǿҪллˡ



һǧһ 
谵ҵĴա
ԨһɾӯŻͥСء
߮ڱ֮ѨУն̨Ѫ
ն̨ͷޣһشѪϸ΢
Ȼᵽ޺ѪǱؼĲ
ߣڱܵηʲô
ȡʬڲдޣúСģҴʱ޾ȻͳһһڡϢĳ˯״̬
·ǽӱܡ
أԨ磬ħǷǿվ޵Ĳ޵ķʸڵʵ
һÿÿŮʱʱҲų
黢Īڴ˰ɣ
㣬֪˶á
˴ӡϢ˯ߣһƯ
Ԩ޵ħаȣ쳣˲侪һźͲӵĿ⣬ϡ
ȻأƯͷħǰ̲ͫħ
ħޣ˳ɵأ¡
ͷ­ʹʨèһ
ʱأչֳ־
ޱأһذֱۣϸָűĹ޸߸¡ı
۰ˮ󺣣ûûκξ˶ֱ͸롣

ͷޣ߲ʻȼյ۾Ϩ
ɫ޵ľ綾Ϫް͸Ѹʣأ׷׻ƨɺ󷽣ʱѵ׼
ħİͺȣһ޵ϪӴ;
ŮھУȻȻؿԨץסԨı۰򣬻Ըеͪ΢ѯʡ
зḻͫ˵Ůʲôǡ᲻Ჽħ󳾣
ĳȺܵǣԼħ֮ҲԵ޹ʵɱ
Ԩҡҡͷ԰꣬ĵ
ͷ޵ԨѿԾһ²⣬Բûֹɳ˼
ħҽУŶôĺУš
Ϊˣʵ綾Ϫӣһ
û̫á
ħʣµ綾Ϫӣ·ٴشֱüΪϸ
˴ڵֻ֣һȭͷСľ򣬴ڳ
һŮʱĮ
һȻͻȻ˹ץԨĸ첲Ǽһһ֮ͣأӦöһֻ޵ۿֻȼյ߲ʻ棬ӱ븹ˡ
϶ǣԲŻһֻڱĵط
ŭ
Ԩͷһӡħľ綾Ϫӡ
ֻ֣۽ͼһŻҰɫĻ棬Ӿڵȼӿ
һŨҵ⾳޵ͷţӵա
ԨͰȣηηħ̼俴һСأŵĻ档
ǵԺУ˺ܶ࣬ζβ档

ͬʱ
һѸٷŵʯϣһı³ռѪܺѪ棬ͻȻ͵һ
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ҷǺӸߴвǳʼӦȻһ
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غȻɫŵһƿУħ߷֮һľ綾Ϫħ֮꣬ҲŨҵĲ
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ˡ
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΢С飬ýغ£æҵȥɢ԰顣
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¼Ѫ츳ġ̳롣
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ûнӴǿվޣʳˣֽʱѼΪϡٵ֣ӽһΣڲǰǧ硣
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ԣȻһֱ֪ǿվ޿ֲףȴûֱ۵ظܡ
ոǵһΡ
ǧĿռ룬͸һͷ޵򣬲ʩӶôǱһ֣ܽԼͽأпҲᱻеľС
ʶΪδӹǿվ޻ᱻΪԽˡ
ڳǼһҲھǡ
߱³Цӻͳһöǧ繺õĵ裬ʹطº󣬲ſСħ֮꣬⻵ϲΪСƣᱻע⵽ǿЦ
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״Ԩ͵˿ĽӴСѷлĽ٣ȵĳֵȵȡ
λǿߣõ֪һУҲ֪ZҢ붯ھޡ
³뿴֪ھǿߣżҲƵսײʲôҫ۲õĻ𻨳

ȼճɻҽ
ŮûһۣɪɪأƨɴħԹԵأصϰԳ֮ء
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ҾˡŮʱۣб£ҵɵԺ˵ȽǾͷֵȥδ
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ָоλݵǧŵһŮۣƺ
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Ůһγ˯ϤԨͨľȺ֪
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Ԩĵ̾˿ǣҪһϵڸʱ򣬾ͽࡰⶾˮѨôħĺľ綾Ϫȫܽ⣬ԡϻնӡ֮·ˡ
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Ԩ˺ߣԲĿ⣬װħ
󣬴ٴ˳Ĭ
ú
͵ѹһԱ㾯裬ǿսʿ



һǧ ԩ·խ
ʯԨ΢΢ۣؿ
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ֻҪˣս㹻ĻӦ
ʱԨŸоѪҺȷʵ
ǰ죬Ҳ
ܼԦѪսߣǾżİ׽ޣȵĿ⣬Ǹİ֣һλϷѪսĵİ׽ޣôͻȻҷ򣿡
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΢
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뿪ġ֮˵ζų裬ҲǵĽ
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һֳ衣
Ȼ֮ڰؽѹҲչķʽԴ˸ǿȺжôǿ
ǵĽڡ
֮ѳѾʼǺƯ嵱Ȼѹƴ˽´밵
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׷֮İ׽ޣЯ׼ʥѪսġܹǿսʿ˵϶һˡ
һ֧޾ţ
սǸеľǧʱԨҲҼ
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֪ô
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Ԩá
أ˿ڳ˯Ůʣ뵽ԷݺͿֲе

ҷһѵĴء
;һкͣѡڴ˶ԵʯģΪİ׼
ΪߣȻڵĲܼ
ͨʣһһӡʵ޵߷壬񿰿ִڵһͻɫʯ첲¶⣬ܵۻʴ
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һƵѪɫܲӣеĳʰɫеīˮںڣɢȳ
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ܼȻһЦŲԶλССҩ񡱳ƺĳҢ磬أûΪߵȼݣ
ɫľګ꺺ӣǺò״̤ĳҢ
壬ɢŨҩ㣬Щߣһ㣬żڣĿ
ҩڵҩʦսڳ󣬱Сĵرûȥ򴳵
ǣȵĲܼһȥ̽硣
Ҳ˵ӳ೾ȽŲܼҲڡ
в٣ҵջ񲻴
ڲܼǰҢһ㲻ҵûڳ̬
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ǣյԪڵѶϢǺӶɿܸ
ΪģȻºͱ³
ڲ֣ǻ֪飬֮ǰѶϢ󣬱ϸ硣
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ܼЦߺȡ
˵ͷӦ׼ţĶҷ磬ûʲôĵطԼսĵر
˰ʱ
һõǺӹŽԶİգ䲻ð
սƣŵٶҲһ㣬Դҵļʶ֪Ǹ߼ͷˣҲ϶ȼߡ
ܼһۣջĿ⣬Եûʲô¡
һλˮڵŮߣԥ˰Σ˲̫⣬˵ȻûʲôȤǾȥ鿴һ¡
ಣ
һˣ˽Ľ죬ããˮǿѴطɳգ۹ͱƽս
짣ͣ£
ĲܼͻȻᵽŹϢ͵վߺȡ
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ڵ짣ܼɫ䡣
Ǹ˽еĽӣ̼ʵʻҴзɳΪһˮ峺ĴӣͲս
սҡҡλεͣ
ѴϣںݴĸߣܼһȣͣУһüͷ
Ļ΢ѪһѴطɳ
ֱҲƵս



һǧ 
ˮڵ짣ųӣٴеؿҲս
ûᵽʲô쳣ɲܼķӦ˼ңԲܼ˽⣬Ȼ֪ҿŲ۵սڲȻŴֲ
ۺϣԦŽӡ
ಣ
·ѴأɳĻѪƹĴӣսڣҪС
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սǵĸоУһԨ춴ûһС
ԴٲҵĻ˳ֵ
꣡
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칬ӡ󣬷ĺͼ¼һ͵Ϣƽ
ƷױµĲܼӰƮأȻԳ֣һЦûµġ
짻΢Ц
֪ǰڵδ˴׷ߺչˣκ
ˣڲǱкܶ˶ԸԸ
ˣҲҪ󣬺һȥεǺӡ
ԪڵZҢ
˿̣ѵĴϣڵ񾳴ޣһ߾սһĬĬؽСҩ񡱳ҢΧס
һλΪҩʦļһȻеĹˡ
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ѣܷһ𣿡
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Ĺ⣬էһֶȻϨ
Ĺ⣬ܺѪζһƲ̣ӷ΢Ļܡ
ԨȻжϳĹѴ֮ϣЩ񾳴޵̽졣
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˯еŮʣüδյû
ƺһޣҲֵ󶯸ɸꡣ
Ԩû˼ҲͲԥ򴬲š
Ҫȥԣ˲ѣʲá
Ųѵİȣ֮ѸٵظϣСԺݵߣƺû̫ǿҵĵ⡣壬бȽԵĵжԡ
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ҢȻҲͶϤأ֪ǰ˭ˡ
Ԩ
ҩ棡
ͬľӲܼЩ޿𣬺ܶ˵ɫʱ쳣ʡ
ܼΣһԺ󣬲Խغ

ΰĹԡŲȻԣڲܼıͷ֡
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һö칬ӡ죬ɸߵĹڴ˷ǿա
ҫĿĹâݳһֻɫ̫ȺΪ֮
ܼڿԨһԥأټö칬ӡɼԨսжǿˡ
뿪ǰԨ½صı֣Ҳϲܼ𾴡
ڿ־֮أԨйһڤԴĽɫʱ䡣
ϵĳ޲Σڵܶ͸¶ŭ
УڤԨ͹ضڤչֵһ棬۷ڤӡ
ܼ󣬰ĬڤȥΪȥִƿ־֮ء
׹ǵĵǶԨصϣ˺ڤĻԻδڤʹ˻ɢһ˿ۼ
˶Ԩ
Ң΢ĬصͷȥԨ
λССҩ񡱳ƺҩţԴ֪ת֮·ûʧܣӻ󣬻ڵԨоͷ·ԶҲ޷ʡ
û뵽ò״񣬵һ̤Ǻӣûüϡĥ͸ͺȻǰĶʦ
ͷΪûȥԡ
ҲоĵԨĿ⣬ʼͣ
Ңձ޲ڸضһͷȥҲ¶档
ûھô
κԨٴ߮ѴظǿգһһѲӸ飬ɵ˵ǿɾ̫͡ð˰
⻰һһ
ն̨ɷħкԨһ伣Ůʡ
Ԩͳһʧһ£ĵѲܡ
񣬽ͨŮʸأīؽȾ
Ӻ̤ĸǿߣ˽֪ζʲôˣԿԨڣҲ

ܼһſڣ񶢽Ҳս
ӦģǱ칬ӡ칬ӡ쳣ģǲƹڣӡֲ
˲񣬻ʲô



һǧ 
ԨؿͬеļɵͲͲ³ͳһʧһ£ѳ˽֪ܡ
ȻҲ񼴽ӳ
Ȼ䣬Ԩı
ͷһվڴտڵİȣԨ΢Ц˵Ƕ
Ȳԡ
һԨ԰θһأԽӲõˮĻϷӣͻȻǿѴء
֮ϣһ񾳽ǿߣȻɫ
ܼüͷ΢壬ٴһҲƴж죬Ȼû׼ȷؿھʲô
ڲڣڣʲô״̬һŲ֪
貵Ρ빬ã·ѴصĽǡ
ܼڹ׼սڲǰſƣŽξҡҡͷʾ˱
Ԩ۹λŮʱ£ɾǲ񣿡
ܼת짱ţҲǿѴأȴûرһڣѼлҳ㣬̬ɵ˵̫ܲǰںأĳѨ
һǻѨһѨ
Ԩ˫
棬ûһ˿֣ƽѹ֡
Ǳˣ˽ƺ͸һЩԨɫ䵭ص˵ͷǲ񼴽ǣںسֵһ̣ͳɹˡ
õ϶𸴺ڳĸ񣬲ؿҴ
˵ʱѪħش
ڵξܣٺٹЦɫƵ˵Ҳ£ڴڣҲûʲôսɣұ£СϲװŪǲðͷˡ
˻һͿԨ˳۵ģ罭ߣ׹¶
ܼҪ
ԨȻ֣·ûξܵĻûп˵⣬ôָˡСҩ񡱳Ңһֲݾܾ̬ȣǿӲس£ҿԸָһ·
ҢȻ̧ͷ
ϳ˾ִٺͲȺУҲûһ㰲ȫУܵؿܼѰűӻ
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ܼɾؾܾûּۻ۵˼ԨߺǰҲУʲôʹ㡣⣬ҾԲὫҵͬ飬㹰áǵĳԹ͹ûȤ֪Զˡ
ҢĿԸм
짣ߣͷԼѡȻû
ԪڵZҢδؾͻ˼ᶨŵ濴üвһˡ
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Ԩ˵ͷҢʼڻرԼĿ⣬ɫ׺ݵأƺɱɳЦ
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ס죡һݵͽʲôʸңŭɶ
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ܼͫȻҰ
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ͽͽ
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˹ǧ类شˣֵʲôôֵܼ
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˲ܼü
⡣



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ѡ˽֦ѡѴأһӿΡ

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㻹ʸͣԨȵ



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á
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˵ǳȻɢݳ͵âЩĻ꣬ûе䵽ϣϢʧ
ԨʲôϷ
ԪڵZҢָɳʣµЩˣȼԺԹ񣬴Ԩ
ԨԵĮӦ
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ǲ١΢Цͷ
ûԪڵZҢԨüһᣬָԼؿѨϣն̨ڴˣеá
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һǧһʮ ǽͷ
Ṱ˹֣ԶԶкԨΪͬԴ
̬ȺңϳȻЦݣûκεư
ƺǺ棬Ԩ
ﻹǽΪϿɣԨǰҩݡ
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ỰһתĿ׼ȷڣԨǿѨϣЦҡҡͷҲûռΪе뷨Уˣڡ̻ͨĺս
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ͭһ˽ͳ߽أոǻģƬƣĪؽ塣
Ϊâ
⧲ĽأǻҲâ䣬ϸܵ˺ۡ
գ֮䣬˺۾Ȭָˡ

صɫȴʱһ
ԨҲӦ
ֵͭһ͸֪Ѩڣǿն̨쳣
΢Ұɫĳʯ飬ٻס
֮ǰ˵ն̨ڴˣеãΪԺǲն̨ѨϣȸС
˵Ҫôĳᵽն̨Ϣ;λá
Ҫôͨռᣬ֪ն̨ԺȷݣѰն̨䡣
ն̨ʱ֮ʬһġʯԲռ˵ŵնָ̨ģпǷ켫
̰ܲ

ƬڰͭĿĲ⣬γɿռķƬϯڵ򣬺ڰ޷ӡ
ϣҵסǿںͰܳ칵ͨ
Цݲãһºȴŵ˵Բ̫ģ˹ûܴӰ̤˾Уδ£粻ȶռ䣬ֻϼˡ

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ǮֵԺǻҪ׽׽ܶһڰ򺮾ܴǿնɿڵ㣬ԶԪڵĹ͡
ȻһЦǮƣ֣Ƿ֮¡οҶԸĻ壬ַǺڲͬ塣
Ǻݵڲͬ壬ƩأZҢЦ
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ҲڴʱԨͻȻʶλ֮ʢľտռߣʵǸǽͷݣıҲ
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ԨȻʧЦָҢҪԸĻ
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أ㳢ԻɱZҢʲôˡ˵
ԨҪʱλӵС̳һ½ǣԲֹǰЩȻбھأ;У
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ZҢȻ֣Ҫɱºͱ³֪ҲǾżѪ
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Ԩ֪ݵܹͣҷѸռ룬Ҳ˵ܽھޣʱʹ˵ء
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ZҢ£һΡ빬Ĳܼͬɫɣ˵ʲô
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ն̨΢΢ţ·ҪȥҪƬڰ֮أȥ׽ͷŵġû
㿴ûֳ⣬ҵıЩ̰
Ҳ쵽ˣϽûͣ棬˵еᡣ쳣оʵڵǼһﲻ֣ŵϢûҵǿ
Ԩ˼
Ԫڵӣ
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ZҢµģսʱӿâ˹š
ۻҵĹâأɱZҢᡣ
ZҢЦһѼ֮ì֪
ͬһʱ䣬Ԩ㵵ؿһҵѸٱƽ
ڲǰȥģ޵ħᡣ
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ḽޣ͸ڣԼɼڶҰ
У罻̺֯ŵ棬ڲݻţᾫһ綾Ϫӡ
綾Ϫӣðڡ
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κ׿УƺʶԨԴʱжôʴȡ
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ԨֱҰףʲôᣬµĶ֡
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κ׿Ρ뷨࣬ǧбˮһâķάϵһӾɢˡ
Ȼһκ׿ķٴᡣ
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Ԩȡһʱ䣬С졣
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ԨϸܿͷǳǴ͸ǧٿס
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еǵӰʯ֮ϵԨ촽Щɬ
ģھڵĴޣսǺӣʮ꣬ϰ꣬δػغһˡ
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һǧһʮ 
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ֵĸģҩҩʱȡһּΪòķʽӶԨӳ೾ʦŪĺܲ졣
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ļԦĸʹȻ䣬ӬͷС֡
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Ӳԭء
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ȼԦĲսԤ׵ͻȻͣס
ŮһѪ͸ײۣ뿴չڵµ飬ǲǳ⡣
Ȼ˲ײս⣬Ǵֱӵж
ΪߵŮʣ֪ʱٴˣˣͤͤأվԭͷ޵ħλá
ھĺࡣ

óҷս˲βصתͷǿ鱻õΪɾľ棬Ͷȥ֮
ע⵽Ůʵ˫һĻ档
ʵ̫죬޷κһĻ棬ֻǸоλ˵еġַͨʽż䡣
ǰǿգ·ܵӰ죬뱻͵

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ؿ뿪Ǵ̴ս˼λİˡ
ڵκ׿ZҢ¶Ӱĸģÿһλֱ۵س֡
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ԨɫأδյĳҢ˸֪Щʲô
ʧȥ³ǣܼԦһԪڡڣڡںڴޣͬսʿΧɱ
߼ѪˣѶһٶʬ壬ǿƯš
дˣ䴦Եƣȴûκһսʿ¶ҪףԸӲηķʽһƴҪЩϣˣ˿ҵɱǡ
սĲпѪȡ
ңԶǿգȷ·𱻸ȾˣӡѪеĽҪȥ˲սЩǿͬھͷ
ϢʱǲŵŮʡ
ŮʱµͫĻ棬һ
λݵŮʣûĸУĮĵ̳ʯȴû˼̻ζ
ҲڹǳսսҲͣȴûʲôٴ롣
ϸ۲죬ŷעһ˫治ϱõֻͫǶԨϡ
ҵսǿƣڶֻ࣬Ԩһ
ŮУȻĪԽλĸо
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Ң
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ңϣ㰲ȻȥԸַʽȥݱݡ
ԣҺܱǸ



һǧһʮ 
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̧ͷֱԨ۾λССҩ񡱳ƺ½ҩţԴ֮бӦеľ⣬˵Ļȴġ
ȻҲ͸ϺͿС
Ľɫ֣ͻȻ̣̻Ի͵ұڡ
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񷶥ڵĸĸվͲڣͷۿ
κ׿ͽصս³״ºZҢӰһʧ
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Ԩ֮Ľʣֻ֣ն̨
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Ңһɱ˵̾Ϣ
ڣħһЩ飬ҩΪѪ̰аɣڰˡʦҪôڲŻָ档ҪôȡֶΣԳ
ҢɬΡ
ʦҲΪɣΣų²ߡУңʵλʦ֣Ҳһ뷨ǣҸηҡ

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֮ìն𣬺գһϢ
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ڡǺ̫ĴZҢľսΣû취ֲ
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ZҢڣʹ͵ࡰ̫𡱣ȫ͸ڵǳʣЩСȸߡ
Ѹţ˵Ԧ֮ìˣڵʱǳ
֮ìݻһ̫棬ҲҪ̤ˡ
ZҢʱ򣬵ͷԨϵĳ޲ΣҺüξҪʱ˺һ
ڵӲġ΢Ц
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ѡǺԨģᣡ
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ԨҪģеն̨
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Ԩû꣬صͷȫ˹
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ǰ̫ھˣλ뿪ԺĴޣŵĴ˸顣
ݣԨ
л󾪺ע⵽屴³´һԨʧС
ʱǾͼˣС֡Ԩգգۡ
磿ǸļһȷӦһͷҾ;ùŹ֣̫ԾӣԭСӰ
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һǧٶʮ 
ˣڳĸǿߣɫȫΪ֮һ䡣
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岻ͬڲĴޣƶ˾ǲ

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ԨͻȻ뵽ʮǰ۷ǿߣɱ
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ն̨ԨҲʱ·ӻι쾳ڸܵǺѪϵ
ԽأҲսȥǺ
ȻٴθܵŮʱµĴࡣ



һǧٶʮ 
ŮʵĿ⣬Ǻңң
Ԩϡ
͸ˣǰʩԨܺ类Ǽ仯С
Ԩ⣬ڴ˵κ˼ޣܲĴڡ
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ȻҲҪ֪˵ʶ·Ѿһΰoϲݴֱ档
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ͻȶ̺еҪݻꡣ
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ԶǺӣZҢפĻɫ̫ȼſֲ档
ҷǳأע⵽һֻɫ̫ǻһͷĹޣţҪȫӷй
ԨԶƤ̫оZҢǶ
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ЦӽϵĿռͨͼһǺӹŽƱţ͵طɴܶ

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ϯǰһĻ棬Ʋһ䡣
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֮ǰ˿ǺӹŽʲôģ
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ĽʣͻȻðһظ첲ϡ



һǧٶʮ 
֮Ľʣֵĸ첲ġ
ֱ۹֮ϣӡ̣һ糺콣âɣ̾ڹǽڣҪչ¶ɲбһ档
Ԩ⡣
Ǵؽ棬һٻĲܼ⵽֮Ľʣ죬ϸֳ˼顣
֮ʡ
ܼüͷÿšŰߵ̺ãźǱ˵е񽣣ûпܴʲôϸ
˷
Ǹߵĳ֣ϢȾı۰Ѫӱ۹ѪܻţҲڽӯ
ھڴޣûǺӣʹͬĴֲҲܶСصķѪѪ⡣
ǰ㣬ͨǴ򰾵ھǿߣ֫ն
ߣͻ֮ìһɱ̫ǿߣѪ߱ѹ
߱³Ԩ֪͡
ڲǿߵѪ⾫ܣ˽ȥǧõѪв֮ͨʳѪ⣬ǶŹԲƿأʴֵߵĻꡣ
Ժһ㣬ֻҪڵĴطܵ
ԸǺݵ壬ߵ̫ţһɱ壬Чǳԡ
³
СڵѷҲ˵ܰ׹⣬ѸᣬҲеѪ⾫ܡĵȷܶãܽеӳУڲλ
ԨߣʵǽЩγɵġлͻȻ廰£˵Ѫ⾫ܣû㡭ʲô
ʳѪ⾫ܣ
Ԩһ£Ժһ磬ɫ䣬Ѫ̣
лͷ
ܼ󣬸ģһЩڵߣҲΪԨ˵Ѫ̡Ժ󣬱Եе㲻Ȼ
ġߡȻൽѪ⾫ȫΪа
Ѫ̵Ͻ˵ڼ˲̡
ߡһޣ
ѵ˵ѪںڲԺݵ塢ʩչѪ֮аħߡǿߣͲܹΪаħ
ˣ
Ҳ£ߵĵλвݵţǹûڵĽЦһλѪ̰ɽܷѪ̵ط԰ɽݣعѪ̳档
ںѪΪһҪ;ȥ½أȡ˰ģѪ̵ĵˡ

Ԩ΢䡣
ȻٿߡʱĿҲζ
ҲˣҲšߡһ࣡
רһʼĽ׶ΣͱȻӡԿˣ֮󣬻˵֮Ѫ̶صѪ
Ψˣߡܾ߱ǰĹЧѪ⾫ܡ
ǺǣڼΪڵڣ飬ҲʡЦţֱۣȻָĸϣǺͨһݣ̲˺ɱѪ̣ۻ࣡
ܼ̹Ȼ΢ЦߣͳΪúݱøãʲô⣿
Ⱥܼ˵ǰѪ̵죬ҪٰѪʽʱѪ̽ͽʱ˺ݣѪĶֻǺݲǷ˳ǳء
ҲܼλȱĸѪ̵仯ҪѪħҲ˶ǣٵΧɱѪ̵ĽͽѵǺ£
ߴӴԵľ壬аݵУ֮Ȼܱа
̸
ˡ

ͻȻ䣬Ԩ۰ϵĽУ˵糺콣â
糺콣âͶʯӣڴ˷ǺӵһȦȦ糺
ߡԺ󣬶ԸѪѹƣѪĶطƱֱƵ
񽣣Ȼ壬ǿЦκ׿Ц
Ԩ㵣۽ŽʣԻ֪ԼڽڱڣпӡĽ۹еһЩһӦ
ңǡǰѡߡ
ڤڤУӦģ޵Ϣ
֮Ϊһ壬Ѱ󣬺ǿգִҷܷ硣
ƺ˿븡磡
ͬҷ򣬽ԦǱڸĳϴմȾۻ࣬Ը˹Ͱܡ
ǰѡߡ񣬵ӡ
һģҵѶ
˭
ԨȻܼߺȡ
ܼɫãȻҡҡͷʾ֪
͸΢΢ɫ
Ԩٿѷл󣬻ߵһޣЩҲһƺû֡
֪
ı³Ϊƾõһǿߣɫأ˿ģʦ֣㲻ܲǵðɣ
ĳû˵
ߵһλִߣھڵΪ컹ҪϣҲȽ硣³һ˵һߴڳļλˣڲ˵ڳԪʱ߻ħɢ
֮Ԩȵ
³ȻȻʣЦ߻ħǰ˲Թŭ飬ŵ֡񺣵ħпܺйأ֮߾ûҵˡ
ұҪݵġܼŸ˵
Ĭ
ܼ㶣˵ͷʾԼˡ
񺣵ĴںۼڸǣȻ漰ʵ¼նɱʱӦûûбݣṳ̂·
˵񺣵ȡڵһ۵㡣
ôߡ᲻Ҳ⣿
ģ㵨ҼԦߣСĲ񺣵ĺ󳾣
³˼Ժ󣬿λڵĴޣڵðߵЦ϶ʲôּ˭ܶõġвݵļһа˫ޣɽĶᶼ۸ģ
أɾδˡ
ǾߣԾһʯаʴġģ㻹ǹԹԷߣ̴λȥˡ



һǧٶʮ £
ĵͷɫصأһذ׹ı۰
ߡѱȡ£һְֻѳ֡
ǽϢʴѪⲻĸ첲ߡһѪ⾫ָܻԺ󣬲ûκεĲʡ
Ѫܺͻھת硣
ǣ³һϯٿ۰ʱܾòԾ·ű˵ֱۣĪĻ̿֡
Խأ˹ʦ񺣵Ĵ˵
ΪָǿߣȻ֪񺣺͡ߡϣʲô켫˵¡
ûǰڵľһ£ھꡣ
ڼ䣬ԪϯλȱйһγԣȴδԸ˳ԪҲܴ졣
ڳԪʧܺ󣬵õġߡͼͷѪ⾫ѪСأ辶أԱķʽٴε춨½ԪĻ
ǣӿѪСصģӵѪǡ
һΣǿ߾ٰϣͻȻǻҵشɱ䣬ߵĲ
񺣻˳ѣ뵽ǿգΪаħ
ִ¸Ϊбǿߣ˼Ĵ޺ʹܶķɱ¾¡
ԪںͽߣҲвǿΪŭǺִ
أŤѻָѵĳ̶ȣûڽǸɾֱնɱ
ߡ󣬱黹ڣ֮û
Ļһζ֪λѪطóѪĲݣΪܹƿءߡߣԲܼЯҪݡ
ϧ˴ħ׿˵Ķ֡
ضԴߣ
ߵĲܼҲ²ص࣬ȡ
ִơߡŮʽаĸģͻȻﻢˣȵɵ
³Ҫ뿪ԨȻ
뿪ҷΪҪ뿪΢Цţҡҡͷ֪ʲôʱʼԵõָǸɫ̫ԪڵZҢƻ磬Ψһ̫Ż֮ì
֮ìӿ̫Ҫʱ䣬ͷŲ̫ǿܻâ
Ԩ졣
ˡѾΪȡ㹻ʱ䣬ҷеˣҲ峤һл
³
ͬģȺף£һԲأҲž
нء
ԨԵĻ㾡뿪ҷɣλҲһߡʱ¶˼Цݣ֮ǰƣ̬һɨգԵþ棬еâѣĿĹԡ
˽Ĵ󽫾أ˵˿͵ԣʾ˽ս
˿ͷǰԨ֣һƿӣԨѪͻƣľԨ뿪ǰƵЩҩ֭
ˡ
ԨȻ򣬲ٳʲôѷл˵߰ɣǾܼģһ뿪Ƿ֮ء
³˵˵ôһ»ߴŮʱ´ҷ
ֻһܡ
Ǳ³£ͨĳصķʽͰѷҷ鴫ݳȥ
壬ǿľżսʿ峤ڹ;ˡ
³Ѿյ˶ԷĻӦ
˴룬ǲҷȥѵĲҪרעĸģһϡ
ѷ
ߣ
ظһ䣬Ԩǿʯ뿪Ųսȥķյط˹ȥ
ѷ˳һ£ѡϡ
һѯڲܼ󣬸ĺϣȴǵľ
ܷ񡭡һ𣿡
Ȼ䣬޵ħᣬأԨҡͷβĵʾãһͷ͹
Ԩš
ȼŻѣֳϲĹ⣬ΪûȷܾĬˡ
æ˹ȥƵƵͷһڵκ׿
λ
κ׿ܼ͸ģȺ˵
һݣȵ£
ͻȻ¶ģǱڷգҲҪáߡܣһƱģ
ֻǡ
˵¡֣ǰ׹ĸ첲һֵС
Сγ֮ȡѪอеӿԿֲٶͣʱͱ
һһаţªص޽ᡣ
ڣ޵ĻϢ
֮
ʶı³ܵЩڵĿֲϢϵı飬ҲȻþޣЦ
ߣ
Ĳ֮£ҲʶæתҪд
ǰ뿪һöö칬ӡֱкţ
һ¡ѡֹԨʱͻȻعͷ
ԨۣŸֱ۵ӦŽڵӡǣŹͨڸϴ۹֮

ܼ糺콣âڸܱƾճ֣һȺʳ㡣
ߡӿֵģÿһ˿ͱ糺콣âʳһ˿ܼС
죡ŭȡ
ֱϵģһνġ֮ȻţԽԽ
λѸٸɱݣֱ氼ݣƱ˴롣
ֽţ£Ԩߣߣ



һǧٶʮ ֮
ĵķоΪ֮ĿҲȫ첲ϵ
˻ХţʾԨϽ뿪Ҫټ
ڲǰһ¡һ¡
¡ʱϵ׺ݣеľģաߡĶ˵ġ
Ԩȥ
Ȼգۼ䣬ֱϵС񣬾Ϊֲġ֮
ΪĲģΪһ¡ŭ˰ĬĬŮʣ
ǣŮٴչԼ
˲ʳҲʱʶոնáߡеܣö칬ӡѪûи
ûУĻ̵ظ֪һ͡ߡΪһţڡߡеѪСأȡǧӿѪ⣡
ǲͬȺģ˼żսʿޣڡߡԺ󣬱˵İѪܡ
ȺһµѪ⾫ڡߡѪ̶ţ롣
ЩڵģһԪǿߣ
ʱһÿÿʱͱ糺콣â顣
âͬͬε
ڱ˿ĽСأԪǿ֪ӺζģԴĽâ˺Ҳ޷ȫƣЩӸѪ⾫ɵ̶
ԣأһܲϵ׳
첲ϵģһġ֮ߡеһܸ¡
ʣǣ뵽ԨеĽʣΪǽʵĴڣǱ˵񽣵ע⡣
Ȼ֪񽣵ľλú䡣
ȴףǱ񽣶ԡߡԽ֮ǰ񺣣˶⣡
ǣһ̬أʼߴԨ뿪
һҪҵ£һּŸˡ
ԨЦݿأתͷ̬ĸģ񰵰ӦҲߡڲжڳ˵Ϣ
Ϊ˵ĲĪȫ͸˽ߡ
УΨһƺⲻģߵ䵽ġ֮еĽʣʩѹ
ٿһɣͱâ顣
糺콣âڣһɣڵļ⣡
䣬ڰг١ֹǶ񺣣ڵλԪҲ⡣
Ԩܵˣż뿪פȺ
ңԶĸ磬ûڵ֮صĽ꣬ٴζ϶أͷųģѶ֪һЩƶϡ
ߣѪܣɵѪ̶Ϊ׼ġݣһõߣѪ̶һķ࣬һͻھ
Ԩ档
ƿز˵ġߡһݵõа˫޵Ĳݣڶʱʵǣ
Ԩã̤ԴѪ½ǰˡߡħ׿ˣûޣ޷ΪѪū
ݣܺϵߡֱӽھ
ɣԺĴħĹڣ
ۣ
ĿѪעЩѪһͱ첲ϵġ֮ûų˵
߱³ЦأŸĵ䣬̾Ϣ
֮ܶ޽ᣬԸĵѪܽ׳󡣲ǻãһ
³ı飬Եú֣ŴĵĲܼ󣬻ڡԪڵĴޣ֮˲γɵĻ񾳽ߣܲסھ޵ķ࣬մȾЩҲ
⻰һĵ˼ޣǼ˰㣬׷ױá
ǶԲ֪࣬ɱ³Ȼô˵ˣǾ;ðա
ҾҷĻ֮һЩΪһ֮ء
³Ԩ¶ƺϣԨȰһ²ò̧֣ⷽǺΪ
ϧʱԨҲʲô

֪ż࣬ÿһζʧˡ
ڵ
ԪڵĬĬؿôã˻⣬Ҳ⣬εϮɱҾòҪȥˡ
ಣ
һʮ⣬ͷų⺬Ļģһֻɫ̫ZҢѶ
ZҢִŵؾȡɫ̫еܣ˳
ԨȻһ
еĽʣ쳣֣ͬʱᵽе֮꣬ŮʱµϢ
ඡ
ǣն̨ҲѨϣһȵطȥ
ѷ£æѡ׷档
ʼ
һֲġ֮ûԺͻȻ롰ߡڣר棬ŻصıըγĳԪ
ӵѪ̶һʢĻصš
䡱һӰŻ֮⣬мɢŻҰɫΣڲӿֳ
ιţһ̬Ůʱ£ͨߡе֡
ݣòݽ˵޽ᷨ࣬ھѪܣն񣬱ȫЦɡ
ڵҲ𲨳ģڲ顣
Ʒף͸ĵľ磬һµ
ܼɫ쳣ѿǱӦ˲ԶȻеᱻѹסССһ۵ҷû뵽Ⱥͣͻôͱʡ
ûȥᰧУ籩ĸģܼһֻɫ̫
ǰԽҵ̫ٵĻ߶߲
ܼǸɴ࣬ôһѡһԲԨͷǿ·ϵؼԦһö칬ӡߡ



һǧʮ ֵ
ܾô̫ã̫ϰߡ
ڵĽǹţ̤һܲԲ̣Ԩˣʱͷ
Բڣǵ貣һƬǺӡ
ԦͷЩ֮ɫ
ҷĵǳҫâ˽µԲ̣Ϊӯάķš
ȷһӲ̫ӦѷҲ̬
ûлع飬ûк̻ͨϣûǰÿһ̤Ǻӣ³°ΪǱڵɱ
ĥȭأ׼ɱ¾ջս
ܼ󣬻ư棬Щˣԭǲսѡ
ͻȻ䣬淢˷ޱ䡣
ǺӣʼΪ׵Լԣǳ뿪ܼˣȥֱ֡
ϰǰļˣһʱ䣬ȷʵеŤ
ͬԲϵԨɫĮǵĶԻû¶̫쳣
Ա۹ǵĽۣԺ͸Ǳ񽣹ͨ
Ͼű顣
һǸңն̨Ū磬ǵǱ񽣵ִ︡磬Ըڲ찵ص죬ϴӽմȾİۻ֮࣬ɾ
Ȼܺ޸أִǱ񽣡
ϣķҪųˣҷ롣
Ǳ񽣸ô죿
λ׽޺ͱ³´Ĭնɱݵͣ³֮彫壬ȥѰǱ
Լ뿪Ǳ᲻ٴαҵ´ذѹ
ǣеľܹͨǱõĻ
úüͷչ˿
ʲôˣոտ㻹üģôһˣлսѯʵ
û£ǰһЩ£ڲˡԨ΢Ц
ǴսӰСϸܷںݵ˼ޣƺʶ˲Ҳںһ롣
λ׽ɢžڰڼֹһЩ˵뿪³ˣɽء¸ȫˣƬȻǧţγѣĿܿ񳱡
лһ¡ԨȻ
ǰܹԨٶݣԨԺҲշĶ࣬Ԩ֮лԶʱ£뽲
ԨлЩ羴ҵ
ǰĩڣǲǲ̫ãԨѯʡ
ͳҢǷԻлһûʱõһ̫ƽĥҢĻ١
õİ취ȻϤ֤
һ仰ֲֹ꣬лѷڵĺҲ¶ı顣
˶ֹģЩη壬һ̫˵ӡ
ʵʵ˵Ԩȡ
̫лüͷôʣΪĩڣƵ裬Ҵ漰綾֮ĵ衣Ǹ׶ε㣬ҩӼײ뿪
ͣ˼
ʲôԨ׷ʡ
˵ɱŶȥļΣҵϢ˿ֲѡһЩСɣǬ½Сǳأ޽ľ綾˺ܶˡл̾һ
ƺġѷҲӲͷƤ
Сһ㣬ɴĴ˵Դ䣬ദڵĺһҲ廰ˣԣ˵ǰĺʱΪݺѾͷȻϿ㣬ǲ˼顣
ţǸ棬۵ȷʵࡣС˵
ǵⷬԨĬ
һֱǣȴԲ̱źʾģͷ޵ħᣬ͵ǵĶԻͷųĻ𻨡
ᣬĴţԵĵ

Ƶս
İȣ˿ҲĵأעԱŮʵһһ
֪ʱһ֦֯񳲣ڰŮʱµͷ
ǰŮʱѨ
ѨڣһŨҵţϢصĳѨ·ڷת
︴հȻǹϢҪڳѨġ
һӣͻȻһţڶѪܻӵӰӡ
ǵӰӣһŮʣѪ⣬ŻΡ
ಣ
ȻֵŮʣͷѨ뵽ԭе塣
Ϊ˵Ĳƺ̼䣬ֱһǿ͸ҪĤݵĿֲơ
ȻѨҲ֮ʧŮʱڣֻصԭȵλãĬĬۡ
úŮʱٴ˯

ǹ⽻֯Բ̣һǧѸ硣
еԨȻҲӦλĿӣսӦڵķλ
֪ŮʱջĿ⣬Ҳڻӿɢݳ
׷ʲôĵƷףرһԣӦòưոݡϾ£ѷһûһؽŻ
ͻȻ䣬Ԩһ֣ڰпӵС
ǸоŮʣ
ѨСصն̨һ˿΢˿˼͸Ԩһˡ
Ƕ֪٣ǰʦӺˣʲôߵ
Ԩۣڽеļû뿪ҷǱڰ֪ʲô⡣
һûв뻰лüͷһ
ûߣ
վضͷųһֻֻտɫĺǸİǺȻ衣
տɫĺһ΢ܡ
ڸü
ľѰᣬ˷ѾˡѷأǶ᲻̫˽⡣ֻ֪λƺܲϲˡ
˵λʱԨ
氲ԨȻ
ѷһͷλѽΪԪΪ˱ʾ⣬Ҳֱˡ֪ľǣλмҪ鷳ÿλعݣ͵͵ģ±֪
Ԩôһ磿лҪúһˡ
氲ûгԪǰ㳤ɽ뿪Ҳײ
ʱӦþʹ˸ҡ
ǰ氲ûˣҲΪЩͷغݣ氲Ҳͺ
Ԩ氲ʶ꣬氲˽⣬Ȼᣡ
ҪԸԼն̨⣬û氲ϵ
Ͼ˭֪ǰĺ棬ܳƵѵȼУľ氲ˡ
Ǹ
ںԶħᣬ˺Ҵܲ³氲йڵģһᣬҲʦʦʦ
һߣ氲ϲȷоԹ
ħԨ˵
Ԩһս˵
ʱϲؿ˹



һǧʮһ Դ紫˵
ħսǹڵԲ̣õԨ󣬲ŸС̤ϡ
һһʮأ氲ᣬŵĹڡ
ɽ
氲壬˺ݵһ߷壬ԲǧȺɽҲ͵֡
ߵ帽һĹȣһԨ춴Ľ֯㣬ڲ̲а飬ͼӰݵ
ĹУһͷħǳʱͱС
ʱ氲ǰ⣬ǿ߼ս
ĹȵĵħĽ֯㲻úٴλعݡ
ĵħȻƿ˿ռŲںڲⰿ裬ҲϮɱ˲ߣȡǾ
氲ⷵأ֪ͷħɽ̤Ĵкʱ׷ɱ
Ϊ˵ħӵдռ氲׷ɱжڲ˳
˺ħ̫࣬ͬͨռߣ氲ŽͷħΧնɱ
ͷħڻҷǰԲѵ͸¶Ĳħ롰Դ硱
˵͸ĿռҲԴڡԴ硱˳ȥ
ںڲһЩǬ½ķˣãܸ֪Դ硱ĴڣȻһأ׷̤·
ңȫпռذ¡
ˣһ氲֪ˣһʱѰȥɱԾ󻼡
Ȼ󣬴ƺѧˣܸ֪Դ硱˶̤·Ҳض
ĳһ죬汻氲֪ݣҲѸٳݡ
˵ˣ֪Դ硱ͨԴ硱пռķʽ
Դ磿Ԩ춴Ľ֯㣿
ڵĽ˵Ҳһ졣
лˣȻͬ氲ɽȻһĹȣһͷĵħ
氲ѵԨͬеãȻ
ΪҲû氲¡
Դ磬˵ʵڵأһõĵطֻܸ֪ܵͣЩΪڲκĽʱħһЩħ޵ħʱǵŤ
ɽǸĹУڵġԨ춴Ľ֯㣬ִܵԴ硣ֻǣԵģĹȵˣ氲ɱ氲˵ЩǴңаȾˡ
һλ߻ħģھħʱ֮缫ǰ㣬͸ռߣ㹻ĹеĽ֯㡣
ͨռʹԪ񼶱ߣðȻ֡
͵

ֻħԨ
½صͨ顢κԺȶɵؽ
һ׳ʯڸյ½أ̻ͨ߳ûš
һ֣õں̻ɵ壬ӺܶħͬЩ۸ϡȱĵĵû
ɷħ˿Ҳִڴˣưá
Ѥõͨڲһ쳣εء
ͨռе飬ˣɫأһȭͷСӿŵ״
ǴݣƣĴһĹ⡣
֪ᵽļµĿռ𵴣һŤļХ
㳤ʱҲ꽫ҪУ԰εĿֲС
״Ĺأκκ㡣
쳣Īسͨڣ磬üչ
Ϊ˶֪ζʲô
γ˶ã
еķڱ䣬ֺϣѻţһιʱ򣬻û˵
ţγɲáھĵһʱ䣬˴Ѷˡ
ʱ˿̣ɢһ飬ҲԵúܷѽ⣬ңӦöһ㣬ڴĴ˵ɣⶫƺΪԴ֮šǺڲɽҲôһ
λͷȻ
Ǻ½ģԴ½ħȺѪħ磬ȻԴѪ½һͬԴ֡Դ˵ĸ塭ü
Դ֮źԴ磬Ǻݵǣĸ壬Ŀǰ֪࣬Ҳ̽Ľ׶Ρԥһ£˵ҵϢԴһΨܽأΪʱյľͷ̲ʱܡ
ͣһֵ˵һ壬λʮ峤̽һԨ춴ʱԴ磬Ȼûع顣Уһֻǿվޣ֪ǻ״̬ƺҲԴйء
ܶ˵صԴ磬͡Ԩ춴γеĹϵ
ԴԼ־һڽ׳ţӰǺɢǺڲͽ֪ͨĴڣ˿ռӶ̤֮·
Ʃ磬ᡣ
˵
ᣡüͷһһʱ䣬֣Դ磬˽٣
̫ࡣһŻش𣺡Դ֮ŵγɣԴ־͸򿪵ĴǺݣҲγɡֻҪǻ飬ǽԴ֮ţпܵõ֪ռС
Ѫ˶ı䣬úǰ㣬ܰա
ںڲһͷħԴ֮ŵĹȣ氲ʱ룬ӶõԴ־Ͽɣ˴ռ
˵ħձ氲նɱƺԴһЩ֣ɢǬ½ķ˹ȡ
Щ֣һЩܸ֪ԴĴڣԴ־
֮һҲĿǰߡ
⣬̾һ
ϧԴ֮źɽṹšΪһˣܽԪ񾳽磬Ȼûпܣڲƻɽǰ£Դ֮ŻȥǶԴ֮ţʱ֮ͼγɵģʱǡǡá
κǸп氲֪Դ֮ŵγɣһ޴ҲǶûޡ氲ҲԪ񣬲ɽĻ𣬽Դ֮Ŵ顣
ԣ氲ֻܳ壬ЩɽĥߣܽԴ֮ŵĹȣܽӴԴ磬Դ־ʴΣݵаࡣ
һ˵ָ꣬ǸγɵġԴ֮šô죿
Դ־ڱǿŵγɣһơκһˣκһһߡǿն̨صܣͿܻٵԴ֮š
ԨʱûϢ̾Ϣ
ûϢһϢϾǺλһʧٵġεǵһٴβڡԴ֮šĽƣһ뿪ͨ
߳ǣɷħΪٿȻ
Ϣˣҵˣҷ¶棬ͳһʱ˿̣ͳһڳҷ򣡡
գͿ顣
뾡簲ţҺ˻ϣ



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ҷһ֮ء
ҢұڣѨͷˡͭľõᡣ
֪ΪΣҢöѨУһɭĺ⡣
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ҢʵΣɿšᣬ·ϰ㣬һ㷴Ӧû
֪ҷ򴦴ȫĳҢһҪٳûȻżٴγȣ
㣬ֹ˺ܾú
һ飬جоѣһ亹ɫǿ־Ͳ
ҵغţөܣӸѵ΢С϶ɳ
ǡ
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ʵʱ뿪ɣٿһڵľơ
ڿյģ̇һŰ׹⣬ž水ȥһǡڱڶ໭չ
Ң۽ֻ̫죬ʼղֹͣƲ¡
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壿µ˹İ壬ڵ峤ҢȻ
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ᵹһһҢǲҷȥˣʮѪİ壬ЩһӦġǣֻˣɲƴģ
գųҢߡ

Ƶսҷţ˷硣
սڲԨһħᣬ˵νԴĹϵһ߿˯еŮʡ

ȣͻȻ͸Ӧӵĸоʧĸɸɾ
ʱħҲֹͣкԴصĻͰ͵أСڵлڰܲ㣬ڣһŵ룿
ָͷСҫڵκ׿ǰӲȥġ
Ĵڣʹȴһ취û
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֮ƴأٴȥֺԨһǸоġܼˣ˶Ԩ˼ɵ
оǣִƱӡлҲվԨǱߡ
ҲִֻƱӡл󣬲пܽһ򣬴޵룬ٱĥ
ô˵
лûӦǺȻأų˼Ԩ
ԨƳħһۡ
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ԨüͷҪΪ룬ۻ綾ᣬԾлԱӡɱɻҽˡ
ǻɫ̫
ڵĺսྪ
ԨһƣԼҷĻɫ̫ܱߣһǳȦһ̫ţܺõظ
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ΪԽԽ֤˵ڵط塣
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ҲܽùƲƲ졣
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Һܶܵ岮ҲţΪܺ£սʿͬ١
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һǸƺҲ֪Դ硱ĳûصļ䡣
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ܶʯ棬Աиնļбɽ͵Ĺв֪˶ͷĿݹǣи״սкжѵıС
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أɽ飬ǳըͳ
Ҳͦá˼Ϊս˸ݵ׶֮ǰͺ̵س



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ħɳս
ףˡ
Ԩذڰ֣ʾ۵ļһжԶԶ
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ȶһͣһλ¶廳ı飬·ʲôõĹȻࡣ
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Сڵѷͷ޺Ҳս߳
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ԺУ·ӿֳһ߾߸ߴսʿؼףֳУܱΧʹĻ档
Ļ棬ʮΣѾӡꡣ
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ͷûأǰķ򣬡ⱾҲʲôܡ
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ƫƫԨҪһ㣬ɱʲôʡϾʱлݣܣһӻսʿ
ѷںѡ
Ȼͷֲõ㻳ң
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Ѷϵ±ܺѡܾݵ㣬ʵҷһߡǸܾݵ㣬ҷͷөҲζŽأԭөޣ֪ġ
ѷ֪Ϣܼͦ࣬㣬ǰñܹݣͻȻعˡ
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ԨЦݣ˵ɢչһ÷ֿˡ
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ԨҡҡͷȻɫһ˵սλ̫ˣ治֪ĲγֻڸżȻɵأһطꡣǱңǣ̫࣬뿪ɡ
仰ԨͻȻ֮طȥ
֪롣

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ʮսʿһֽճǹͶìһץſ̻Žսͼľ޴ܣһλǻ˿ɼǵսʿǰ
һϸŮޣճҩ֭ͿĨЩ˿ڣ߶ţ㲻µģȥġ
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ʹѶϵ±ܣػԸƴǣ˫еó

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̤ƽݣ
ɱǣ
өЩսʿӦŲУطġ
иԨһʯͣ½ŲߵսʿΣûżǰ



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꣡
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ԳǹפأȲţողûеսʿϥҲܲסܴһ
ѪѪҺڣеɳ
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ˣ
ֹͣŽǵսʿȻɫ͵ؿԶһ۵ӣݵߣ֮壡
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Ԩԥһ£ҡҡͷ
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Ϊھء
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ڲмسЦʲô



һǧʮ 
أɳһ鲻۵ʯ籴ǰſ
΢Ŀռ䲨صǿڴͻһѤùȦһ㳨š
ಣಣ
˴߳һޣƤ⾧Өʯ
һɫ١
ͷķҫųħڵԯҲڶ롣
Ⱥеԯ޲ɷ֮壬·ҵĻ𾧣ֻҪĽһ㣬˲
⣬ʵǳ񾳽磬ղ̫ı֡
ҫҪϸӣע⵽ƣĵװ̾
ħڼ½Ŵһħ֣޵طȻΪħޣǽѸƾĥħ
ԯľͻٶȣڷҫҲʵ̫ѸһЩ
Ϊˣʱ˵ӣ²λѿĴһִƴա
֮һЩ覴á
ѵ̫һЩδѸɾһѰҡ̫̲صľп㣬߲Ƿ첹
ҫʱڴ˵ڴУơ
һƵݸԯ͵ս֮һΪ˱ⷢ˵صǺӶɿڲǹ̶ģʼձ仯״ֻ̬ƣܹ򣬸֪ǺӶɿµķλ
壬ʲô·𣿡аһѯʡ
ش˴ǺӶɿڵ壬һλڴޣüëأһߣǰһڼ½ߣ˵ûʲô¡ڲܼԪڵZҢĵˣȥ˸ҷ򡣡
˵ºͱ³ڣŸעʱǸҷ򡣡
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Ǳߵħнڵǿߣһմ񲻾ãǱߵսҫ˸
ԯˣΪԯͻУżǺӡ
ǱߡԨʧ֮أҫԸԯأôԨԲˡ
ҲţѰ̫Ƭԯһ뷨
ףƽƽ
ڵ壬ԴͣԵһ㲻顣
Ҳû⣬µأһע󣬾͸Խ뿪

Ԩۡ
µǿʯҫ֡תպ̡
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Ůʱ񾲵Ȼ˯š
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Ԩͷһ߮ڻͥСأܺӣ׹ܺ
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Եʣӵģ޴ڵǺܣڴսĺܶ򣬶ϡļûС
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򻷾⣬󲿷ʴǺܶǷȱЩĻˣĻ̽һռսսкͱС
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䲻Ԩ֮أͿҲࡣ
ԨƳһۣһ֧Сӣž޴Ƥϣڶ಻ֵǮСʱüͷ壬ȤûӻʾЩ뿪
ӰȿУ֪˴սͳΣҲźܶ塢ҹˡ
ǰĻˣǴ˵ԭһǺӶɿڵĳɹڵս
ܶ£̬𽥷仯飬ٱܵص
ˣ𣬴ϲͷܡ
ֻǣţˣȻͣһͷӶأǱԽ
Ȼ󡭡
ˣ˱ңеƤȡ˺ҫıС
ͫð׹ǣֽأһλعͷ
ԨȻͷӦҡͷЦսºѺãᱻΪۡ
սѪȼսʿԵˡ
ߣǼٵˡ



һǧʮ ڵ
ԨѪͷһɱɳ
ͨ
Ѫɫ˸ڵǳҫнϴѪ⣬ȻѪͺ
ˣڿųǣ֪ײˡ
ϧ볷ʱʲôˡ
ٽ󣬷·һƬѪɫ󣬽֣ͷѪһû
ãڲѪɫأͶ㲻۵Ѫɫ˸
˳عԨһץ㽫Ϊģ˿˿ƵѪ⾫ĵɢݳ뵽Ѫอ
ԨȻһЦ
֮ǰҪѹɸʱͱ쳣Ĺɡ
֪һҵĶѣʵڵšѪꡱȫӦᵽǹǲ޵Ϣ
ǣͱʵˡ
սʱҲӦ
ˣڴսסĸоˡ
·𽥽һ֣֫죬һͷıãʩչ־ĵڴ󲿷ʱ򣬶ⷢ
ƵĵʱƾɱС
Ʃոա
ֻƾеǿʱŻڵŨѪܡ
ȻߺһͬȥԿɿһսĶ֡

ԺУͻȻһ⣬ʺܹܣӵµģ߱
ջɵ֮壡
̳ħ׿˵Ѫɫ飬һľɣǾִѪչֳǿ
뵽⣬ذڴ
һӣ̫Ƭһҫ֡ͥСصҪأǿʣʯ뿪ٴαϳˣս
޾ʯԨںΪ˱鷳һС壬ͷһѪѪ棬Ŀֲչ֡
ĺô壬ҹСˣһͻݱܷâ
ĳһ졣
ų˵һ֧Ķ飬оİˣȫǰ˼Ѫǿߡ
ңЩˣﾫ
ӭս׼
Ȼ
֧Ů죬ԶԶͣһСȵʯ
ûӦ֧Ķ飬Զ
Ԩʱ㶣ĥһ£µЩˣӦѾõϢ֪ͻΪ˵Ĳ񣬴ҷ뿪󣬽սϳݡ
ԲŻâ
뿪ҳڣΪ֪λϣǱߣ֪򣬻ʲôӦᡭĬĬȴţһʮǿٰ߽ɣ
Ԩü˼
ӣû壬ڽӽһܿ񱩣ХʯʱһģĿ޺
޺ͿҵӣһӶжǲǻþ
ǱųˣǿҺɫ˺ܶප׵ʯ
ݣݣ
һӨһӶڷɴܳĻܣͻȻͲĽ׺ʹȡ
һӶѪԵһѪɫУնЩӨ
תҫ֡ҵΪŸȼţЩ׷ȥʱһ޺
Ԫڣ
һ᲻ľµʯȻѪϵĳˣ˲һףֱʯڲ硣
ɭʪľ޴ҶУ׹ǶѻӨ߰һɭ
Ҷͷһ۹òӡ
Ȼ֮壬մĻۣһ˫۾˸ź⣬һĶߣؿ
һԪڵСӣԪڵߣΪZҢ״˻Ծ𣿡
ЦţУڶԪڵĳޡ
ԱߵļݹУм·ţһǳԪڣƺԪڵߣȺĶ֡
˭ôԪڣ˴
Ԩ󣬿ǰôһ棬ǲٶáҫ֡סѪĬĬתɷħ
ɷħڣ
һ廳ζûŪĻɷħڡӦںڣѾ˰ɣ
ĵ⣬һ˲ʧˣҲǰɱһԪڵߣĿУ֪ĺݴ磬ɷħִɷħģǸԨСӣ㡭ǸԨ
ҡǺˣԪڵߣĺޣԨ
ǹڵߡɫȻ
ڣԨһãȻ
ûɷħڳǰڼ½Ǳ׶̺͹ڣҪһɡڴγɣҲûھޡңϣȥѰھùһ󲽵Ǹˡ
ϧ
ǺսʱǹڣȻںݵսڣԪڵ߻ȥҲŽصıҲһɱ
һЦ
û˱ǣû˹ޣҲϾ·أѾزȥˣֻ»Ұ㣬ǺƯոһգ긴һ꣬ҾӲдԪڵĴޣаնɱģһŹ



һǧʮ 
ХҶ׹ǰһӨıɽˮʡ
ڵҴ룬߽ӣԨ˵ǶηںڲȴͱĹȥ
ߣѪ֮ڣǺӣܵĿܡ
л𣬲дĻڱӡԨİ£һƱٴλۣʶС
û೤ʱ䣬ڳＯĺٴδ
лԸʤս;磬̤⣬ʵεأǰս
ڡԪںͽڰڣ׿ԽߣǺǰӰڱ
ZҢ㡣
֮ҷڵӰܱԪڵϡĵȼ׳
ZҢںݵıҲֻǵػξˡ
ʱգħϰ¾µ
ݻٵĲ֮Ǳ
Ǿˡ
սʱһأķ̫ʱҲδѡ
ò׳֪ݵսԴ½Ԫڻȥŵλʦ֣ȫսԼҵǰ
ڹڵı壬ȥԪڼսһҷ
˹»Ұ֪ںݴǳڲҰʶһҲûϣھŵ뵽Ȼ˷Ҷš
ѾҲŵˡ
ƻԪڵļƻɱԪڵߣʣȤ¡
ɷħڵĵ߸͹Ķƣͬ
Ϊ㣬ʶɷħԨԪڵߺ󣬷ͬУû¶֡
ԨһԪڵйһ߹۲Ҷ
ߣƵϪӴͣʱ
ûǰҲȻǳ鱻Ѱʯǰһںڵؽءһᴩ磬ըѿ󣬺Ҳϳһؽء
󲿷ֺڣкͺһնˡ
ֻõһСأԴ֮ǹڵطЩҲɱڵĲ֮ͣһţǹڵȳ֡
һֻ֣մ˵µıˮϵ۹ЦǹûȥǰҲһǿʢɣҲӦħٻȥɱСҹûˣֻʣһңǳƺΪ
ϸأϵĻҳŪɾȻ¶һžģΪա
òıǱһ£ӦûһλӢӡ
ŶɱǸԪˣҲƺɷħЦ

һԨǰĽ£ЩеңҲԵˡϣ뿪󣬱¶ң˵ҵ顣
ԨЩȡ
Ѫĵ⣬Ūһ£Ȼɳ
סһƻ룬ԨʱڷŲٻԵʯм͵裬һЩС
ҲԪڵˣҲòЩں䣵ĺˮУͷĵ裬ӵѪЧǣͬû취ЩɱߣԪڵģͼڵġ
ڵĶһһЩԪڵû
̫̫ãûк˽ˣģԵеㆪµأϵ˵Ż
㱳ϵѾͷĿƯ
仰βۡ
Ҳ˻Ԩȷ룬Լ˽Ⲣ
벻֪˵ĴڣҲƺ֪Լǰһҩݡ
˵һλɱԪߣӦҲкܳʱûغݣһ㣬ĳض̫ãʹϢͺˡ
ô˵ZҢģԨ
;˵صıߣʱˡΣڴ˷ZҢҲϮΪӦòǶ֡ZҢУӵǸҲҺ
ͣһ£̹Ȼ൱һּٵĺϵΪûбϴ˿ʯʯڲиʱսõһ̶ȵǿ
һھޣҾͲǶˣͨĻʤ㼫󡣡
ZҢȻͨ񡣡
һƪۡ
ٺϵھ
Ԩüͷ΢壬еĻջأƬ̣֪𣿡
ڣһãȻ̽Ǻӵı߽磬ʱû𣿡
⻰һԨĵˣȻϵʯӦܼԦɣ
Ȼͷ
ûȤһ̣ԨȻһЦģҲæû˱ֻʣôһҪУҪ½չʵһġ
ʲô뾪
ڵһУתԨԺУɸֳ˰׹ǵӰĿ־֮أһλϵĹԸ⣬붯㣬Կ־֮صԴͷٻһأ
Ŀ𣿡벻̫š
ȷСԨ˵ͷɭɭϪӣ˵УҪȥ˽һ£ȫ¾档ڣħΪ׵ĺǾԵİˡ
ݣѵ幥ˣ뺧Ȼ
ǣڻعˡԨ



һǧʮ 
һǡ
һ΢½أֳǽĲ֣ռ˾󲿷ֵؽ硣
տɫĺУ岼أɢһ졣
ʬڵĵ죬ڶʬ֮أɭɭ
ÿʬ֮ڣʬū˯ţֻҪһͷЩʬūΪ
˿̣ʬԶһ졣
ǵϣһϮޣڵϵıǰ
ԣǰһλڵǡ
λù˵ĺ񣬱նɱ뵺졣
ǰıɽ⻬羵ı֮ϣһ׵Ĺ߷裬ڱҿ̻ʲô
û̫ãϾֳһòģӰ
ȻӵݣҪǰк֡
ۣ
ļӲ̻󣬶ʱ
רעٴξۿɼĻڱ
ÿΣӵòγǰӰͻᱻĨȥ
ʬѼֲ֣ھΪķԸҪޡ
ǧսǰҪޣһ뿪
ȥޣƺõϿɣʼࡣ
ﲻ޴֮壬ϴڵħۻ࣬ͷҪħ֮꣬սǡ
ȻｫŪսҪޣڴ˵ռ֮ɹģı
ƺҪΪޣһĺϵ֮أǰΪ޳ھ׼
Щӣ޾صشռһЩնɱԵޣĴޡ
ʬҲ˵ɽô£ɾ޺ʹԼһһ
𣿡
ͻȻ䣬ܾû˵ޣת
һʬĵһ룬ӦǺڲǰͲˡţͲĩһںݵսУһûеھޣʵǿп޵ġ
ոǸڵߣ͸¶һϢ˵ĳһλҴĹߡˣռһءɫĮطԸͷһʬūܱҿ
Ŷ
ʬԹԵӦͷ󣬱һ߾ʬū
Щʬū壬ͨŨʬӲطɳ˷أөƮ˷

һˡ
ͻƵڵţλĺ
壬ûһԳ磬ϴǡ
أ˻ţʹ
УȻ¶˷ɫ
ǺӣԴڡλ۶ЦͷСӾ͸ڵˣ
һʱ˵Ĺ⣬뵽Ժ
λͱڲΪаħĿˣͫеķ˷֮ɫӵŨÿһκʱǿ׶·ϸĵ
ţҺʱ񾳺ڣ˻
˿ˡЦڵʱںڲ꣬ҲûܽΪСٺ٣ҵиҰģǺڣԽǴСڣΪ̳ħڣںһʢɣ
ħںڣȺԪɵĵλ˲䱩һء
ѡͺڲھѣǺӴȫµڣһʼʹţгһɱɣܹͺƽ
Ȼػعݣͽڸ
һʵ֡е
Цֻһѻ𣬽ڣ򰾻ǵע뵽Ժ
һ̣ͷӴ̶ĹǺ

ԨȻһᡣ
رһ˵˵¾ԨƽϣͻԳ֮ɫ
͵ת
Ҳսڳ˯Ůʱ£֪ʱˣӣɭɭĺ
УڶྦྷӨĺһĺߡ
ӵĳˣߵľգȻûǣþŵԨһʱ侲˰
һߣ뻹Удʣڣ֡
ѹûע⵽λŮʱ¡
һذźĸ첲غĺ̽ȥ
ʱҶĺ磬˲һѹֵϢȻ˴˷Сأ
뺧Ȼȵ㣡
ɫصԨָͷ죬һƣ
벻֪룬ͿͷҶӲʯ֮ϣֳرӨ硣
磬Ʊǧ꣬ƺֱ˿ֳ̲
ʵĺȻļˮеĺǧ΢СâǻƴҪ뿪Сء
Ϣ
ĮȻһֻ֣Ȧ
ںڣұУͷĻӿѸٽᾧ
һĻ棬ԨĿɿڴ
ܿ죬һҰСĺָͷµĺˮ޽ᡣ
ͷţһӿħꡣ
ħ
Ȼϵı飬Ҫྫʾжྫʣζû뵽Ϊٺϵ֮أһͷħ
Ҳ£ڵ׳ȥںʵʱ㡣Ԩ˼
ħ񣡡



һǧʮ 
ħֱΪħЫβħħһ֧
ȺǿʢʱҲʮĴħ
ڵļħһ壬ûٹ⣬̫ʱûħˡ
𼸺ħһ壬ħȺȻúܶ࣬ҲԶܺѪħȡ
ѪħģǸħȺ
żѪħڼħѾ˲õĴȻڴ˷ɭҶڣħɢԺ뵽ұڣͿ׶͵صףԨ⡣
ħ񼶱ߣӦûعȺ켫ħһǿʢ
˺أʣСħ̫꣬ˡ
ָͷǿ麮ĳˣһ˫ֳͫɫ·̲
ɫȻ˺棬ڴźڵħꡣ
ԨͨɷħĺԼħϤһ£˵кʯӦͷħ֮ء㡭
һ۱齩Ӳ룬ڲ֪䣬ܵħӰˣɱڵߣԪڵˣʵڰȥˣ𣬻ɢء
Ҳ֪ģߵĻǣħζȡ
ڴˣ鼫أħɻǣԼƻָпܣսʱİ㡣

Ԩ
Ĳ
ϸ룬ʶԨƶϣӦð˾Ųʮ
ѰԺ󣬶Ԫڵļɺӣĳ쿪ʼˡ
ԪڡڵսÿÿΣʱ̣ЩԪڡڵǿߣǶĪʧأ·ܼа֣Ӷʶᡣ
ԣ൱ߣҲһɱ
ǰãΪϴ˷أһּٺϵķʽͨϺӰ˶ֵʶ
ͷħԮ֣յʤ
ԷˣɢҶͷħûʳָ
ԺУɸֳһĻ档
һ죬ͷħͨİʧȥȫһȻʶҪô̵ĻǣҪô
λǣ
һأˡ
иڶʺš
һͷ˵ľżħڴ˷ҶǱ˲֪꣬ȴһ֪
ԨϵľŮӣΪܿ͸
ңô׵أͽһͷħɢħӿΪһᾧأ
áԨ΢Ц
Ƴһۣŵǿ麮һ£ͻһӨâ롣
벻ԣǿ麮æҵأϽ
ͺܣݳؿγһƬ֮ء
кĻΪһشصĺꡣ
ڣеŵԨ
ʩչطеʹζһشصĺ䣻ţĻȻࡣ
棬вֻ
ڣǽ꣬ˣսʱЩܹеֶΡ
˵֪ɷħڣҲȻ׽
˵ʱǿһͷħľ飬ǻɭϵİţ϶ֺõЦݣɷħںҿ֪ɷħûʧǰǹڡ
ɷħڵĸӹ
꣡
һشػӿۿɼ΢ϸâŲС
ԨԳȻ֮ɫ
ǻԱһشغ꣬ŪƬ֮أڶɷħγɵġѡ󷨣͸ͬϢ
ǹڣҲʹġԹԵ˵
Ԩһ˼
ƾⷬΪΪ˿׽ֺô˵ӲѹںɷħڳϹϵ
ǻ֮أŲ͸ϢʶӦû˵
ԪŵĹڣʺɷħڣźԨԴ
ϵĴڣԨٿʱȻ;˳۲١
ĥĥǿ麮ͷħ㲻취ȥ㡣У麮ƵʯŶ򿿽Ԩ˵
򣿡üͷһ壬ԨʯֹùХʧᱻע⡣ǣһˣͻۡû壬кݵߣܻᶢ
û¡Ԩ򶨵
ǣðɡӲͷƤӦ
ʱԨٹѵ˳ԣվţ˶٣
ǰŮʱ£ȳʱ᲻٣žʮ˾꣬ɢഺϢԨĸоУŮʱºá
ѪܲһŲڡ
Ůʱ¾ǰȴκþ߱ϢһƬëһʯͷ޿
ţھޣżѪǿߣͷŸ֪
ܸӦģҲֻ룬ŮʱµĴڡ
ǿߵѪͻ£Ůʱޣǿհ׵ġ
һ㶫ž޲
Ԩĸоף׽
ȥ򣿡Ԩ̽ʵ
ͷȴûн
Ԩע⵽ĿעƺˮеĺأʲôɬѶ⡣
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֪˶ã䲻أôһ仰ҵѾͷҲѵǺӡ
ޣԨͷ
ٴεͷ
ԨͻȻ
ģȻŰϵģǸϵδޡ

ǧʱҪߣȻҲпڡ
ǺУԨɵģͷѹǽǿվޣ
һ뵽Ǹױ̵ļһҲս;ôԾ
ǳģԨͻȻ



һǧʮ ʯ
ǿվ֮䣬ԹɱԷԷȻѪȫ̽ա
߳Ǻӵ̩̹ٮٮߣе߰
ͬΪϵǿվޣڴ˷ǺпܲǱԼΪ˲
Ϊ˵Ĳ񣬾߱񼶱սҲδĶ֡
õɱʱ
ǣǿߣħڸϾȥӦԲҲܲʱ
ԨȻⷽ롣
üͫģƺҲ仰ȥ˼¡
һӣŮʱĬأڴҶһǰ£һ˫ɫͫȻ仯
ӣӵɫһֻڣһֻҰס
档
Ȼһ䣬ɫ
ԨظӦϵлţصɢݳȥ·ķʽѰʲô
ټһʲô
Ӧòڡ
Ź˰ʱɫָֻһĵĮ̲ôһ䡣
Ԩ𾪡
ѵôƬ̹Ѱ㸲
һ򣬻ǳ£ޱ޼ʡ
򼴱ǱΪսռݵǺӵؽ磬ʵûСġ
Ůʱµս׻ָ˼ɣڶʱѲһǺˣ
Ҫ˯ϼ䡣
ԨĪʱٴαۣϢ˲£绯ޡ
Ԩͷ

ɳ֮
̤һʯɷħеһۿǧʯǺӵĵؽ硣
Ǿ򣿡۾⡣
ţս΢Цͷɳλã˻֣ЩˣǡֻħԨѰסĶɿڣΪǿˣǲſѸٵִ
Ҽ˵Ϣ𣿡
һ뿪ҷģлѷˣǰ̻ͨṵͨû˿̾򣡡϶𸴡
ܣһڣҺܴ꣬ϵ
ΪɷħĶֺ꣬ʹΪһ壬һĳԨľӽӦ
ʱڴ
ǲ֪λʲôĵ
ں̻ͨߣҲȽϵǳˡ
ӽõǿ߿У˽˲ĻԻսں̻ͨҲΪֻ֮࣬ɢͻĲһ᰿裬øһǺӱµ
λΣ˶£ʮ㡣
תһ룬ҲҲǡԨɲһˡ

ڶҵʯ
һ󣬿Ҳʯ鶯أЩʯķ϶ʯƱһʹţźš
ʮ⣬һѪľ޴ʯۼŰ壬壬ͻ塣
ЩѪȼǰ˼߼ǽΪʱĶ飬ջɱλаڵ
пʯڷţ
һλ׳սʿųصһ϶ӣӺݼ½Ǳߣǰˮߡ

ɽ߸ǿŵʯ
۵ʯȻǺļХʯĿ׶ڣ䣵Хǡ
ڵߣ
ߴսʿţ˳ޡ
˵УĹ򣬱ڵھ޴ƣһ壬󲿷ˡ
ֻʣһС֣ɳգʼɳ
ˣԺڵߣ
ʯڲ
Ҿ˵Ԧʯע⡣ɬǻеǿ龧ʯͷħûԨԷ˶ڣ˼ѪսʿҸо߸ǡ
ڴĿ⣬˯еĳˣ˼ԡ
ǲǶ֣ǻãӦһ°ɡ
û£žͺá
ԨܴݵأѪסһ׶رȥ
һ͵棬ɽľ޴ӣڲذˮ֮ͷڵʯ
УܸܵХӿ·һĺˮС
塣
ԨȻһЦǾ޴ҪʱץȻ
߸޴ѪɫţѪɫ˸ڣһѪɫס
Ѫɫ·ѪϣսʿѪܡ
ͣ£
ɫ޴ʯϣϸİŮӣʧļС
ԨȻ
ǰãųڸʯдżȻһ֧飬ΪĴŮԶԶȻѸ뿪
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ѪѪһһʳԨһ䡰ͣ¡һ档
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սʿѪ츳ղˮĻŽǻסûɴ
ǣðʧ󺺾
Ƕٳ֣ȥ档
ŮӣصطԸ˼䣬һ˷ߡ

ԨһһѪ꣬»ع
վͣס˿޺ҲûмŵʯϷϾأλŮ֪˭
һ壬櫳ϡŮԱš
ѹˡԨ˵ͷҲûżӣ¶ɻã
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ͷָʯϣ塢ͻˣǵ죬ӦҲ̬ȣǲǵݣ֪˭
Ԩĥţͷ
Ǻӣ˸Ŀע⣬һǣսƲɵرˡ
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ԨһĵϷ

ħƺ̫û˽ˣܲᣬ֨֨ģ˵Ȼ
żеʱ䣬̸Ԩ΢Ц
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Ĭͣն̨ڲ񣬺ȻѸһͷͷȥľеʱá
ն̨ʼǿ֪
ûãᵽɷħϢ֪˴ŵķλ
ͨŶͷ벻Ͷˡ
ಣ
ն̨е񣬴ڣ˪һˣһΪӨʵļħи׼Ҫ˶ãܺˡ
ħϲ񣬡棿
ڵӦñץʱ䣬߱ɡԨ



һǧʮ һ㣡
޴ͭӣкХ
ӱϿӡŵģڶĻͳħƣͷӿ棬켶̵顣
̬ԯӿڣȼ档
Уе㾧ǳҫѣĿ
£ͨͭӵײһڵҽ̶
еĻ֭ˮӿݣųܡ
һ޵װ㣬Ӱס
ƵƵͷɫأꡱĻԱ绡֪ܱߵĶ
׷սʿǱ;ʯӽа㡣
ЩǿߣƽаȵµŮȻŲ
Ůߺͣ£һղĲԣЩ뺷սʿԱֶζԸ
սԶޣԯҲء
ֱ
ҫѶϢݹһ׼ȷλ֪ħӡꡣ
ħӡȻ٣
Ƭ̺ԯšħӡ͸ϸķҫͷ
Щأ
ͷķҫƯ޴Ļÿһ򣬶һûʮսʿ
ңеػҲӣſ񱩵ܡ
аڡ׶̵ߣҲڶ
ںģҩڵĳҢԯʱɫΡ
Ңǿʯᶼ˲ϵԺ󣬲þ˷ҫͬԼ½ߡ
ǣѰҫ˵ıӻŴǡǺӶɿڡ뿪
ҫ֪˷ҷľ䣬Ҳ˵ûʯ˿µı仯ŨȤ
Ȼ󣬷ҫӦԯѶţ˹
˫ʹ档
׷ˡ
ԯȫŷҫ˵ͷ͵ޣӦԷөһаȵŮɫ޴Ҳǰ˼Ѫս쳣ľˡ
˵˵ȥ
Ȼ󣬾ͷַҫаڡ׶̵ļˣɫЩŹ֡
ע⵽ȺУһİˡ
ȿȡ
ҫɼ˵ͷֺغٺٹЦ˼ָųҢ˵λӦòİģҩڶгҢģǰãڵĲܼ󣬸ĵһȥҷ򡣡
СҩҢԯ䣬ϵĲмһ㲻Ρ
Ԩǰ״ӣ۰һӳ೾ĳڶһҩ
᲻֪
Ңҷ򣬼Ԩ֪ԨһŮͬСǸŮ֣ǰȣΪܣֱ½ˡҫⲻ棬ֻ˵Ԩ֡
ԯüͷ
ǺӣԨ뿪Ժ󣬾Щ飬ûʲôš
ħڵߣҲⲻԨ¼ʲô
ҫͨҢʶİȣȻˣôһ뿪ҷԨлΪ˵Ĳ񣬼пҲڴ˷ս
ҫ飬ԯʵ
ԯ꣬Ĭص˵ͷ
۾򽥽

ʯļԦ£һθı˷
ڵ룬νʣ֪Ԩʲô
һܿĸأ·һأҲҪ
ǰԨͻȻı⣬شǰС
Ҳֻӡ
ն̨ڲ硣
Ԩɵ񣬺λħһͻȻ
ʼ䣬·ն̨Сأ졭ֹơ
һ
һͷͷ˼żı˪ͷʮʬڱӨļϢ˲ĲٿӰ졣
˷磬عȻһ䣡
ǣ
һӨı׶ɱ˪ۺϴ˷ڵʱ侫ɡ
ʮ׶ִƼ飬Ǽ졣
׶ļˣҫ˵ĺ⣬ͷǧϸâ̬֮纮ʵʻ
׶һһλָеħ
ħڶ׶ָţӨħӲţһҶ
㣬Ҫʲô
ħ궼ڲȻãףõײĵĴҪĻǺ塣
ǲǰ䴩ǿ麮һ㡣
ڴ˷Сأʮ׳ı׶͸Уħ֪ܣĺ壬ڽӴһ˲䣬Ĩɱ
Ϊʮ˪
ǿ
գ
Ԩ鸡߿յأЦŸпһ䡣
ʮ׶һϢ䣬صؽ壬ϢɢΪ˷ĵײն̨
ٱ䡣
һͷżڲдϢҵ籩Ǽɡ
Ԩٿһͷ;߱綾ıһͼһǵľ綾ӣʬڵĲдϢɡ
˪綾ʬܹرá
Ҳܣκ̬ʵ֮׼شˡ
ֻҪն̨УСڣǺϵն̨ھޣܶʬ
ಣ
˲Ϣֳʬʱ֮Сأü䣬ʱ֮Ĳдռ棬ΪλεĿռС
ʱ䣬ĲٿأڻҲܹĳһ̡
һ㣡
ԨԽأſֱۣصļơ
һǰһǴûоġ
һظܵĻǣն̨еأģ֮Ψһ



һǧʮ 
ĸо
Ԩһܣۻأ·ӵ硣
ն̨ڲСأϽ֮򡱣ԱؼԦ
һ̵ǰӲй
Ȼʶǰһҵľѣʲô
ն̨ΪʯһĴɡ
ڶһ޶
һն̨Ĳʢˣݴ壬Ҳ޷˷ˣ
ն̨Ҫѹ壬һǸҲڻعʱ䡣
ֻڡ
ֽڵһն̨ϳݡ

˷Сأʱ䶨񣬿ռ
һ磬һ˲γɣҵγɡ
綾Ϣ۳ɵĳӣڿؽ֯ʡ
еģնɱڴ˵ľдϢѪ꣬ȫΪá
ն̨ģһµĵײҲܱıá

ԨĿռ䣬ɽ籩綾Ϫӣ۽شţʱͣһ¡
Цãأһǿţ
ţ񼶱ǿߣֳھõĺݴޣ뵽ն̨ڲ磬ҲЮն̨еİֱɱ
ңն̨ڲСأѱƣ
Ͼն̨ͬ磬ˡȡµļ룬ܱΪʵء
ĶᷢսңͻȻʼеڴˡ
ԨЦ

֡
ͣ£Ǿ߻ƾļУ˲ɷħ
վڣһ³͵˴󶦵ĵײ
źƼףлƵħüÿ𣬡֣
ಣಣ
һλλɷħӶڷ룬ǫع
û㹻ǣûָܻɷħɢݳΨλܴ겨
ϸֱ棬ͷݳϲ
һԾִӴ¶棬ɻͣˣӦ⵽ǡפѨϵɷħᵽ֮ϢоԶԶɨһۡ
˵û˾սӽǣܵ
鰵棬ȸӦ㣿
ͷ
ѾôˣΪִ꣬žҪɱΪĴ󶦣ܶǿɷħûȾĴڡ˵ǵľ룬ʵǷǳԶġֹ
ҡҡͷֵ̫֮
΢Ц˵κεĲʵܱĺ
㶣ĥֵĻҲЦŵ˵ͷͬȻˣǾͲżȥ¡Դ֮šγɵĵطĵصһȣǼһԼѰ
ˡ
ͬˣԥһ£˵Ȼûоˣȴ֪̫Ļǣ˵ĵطӽˡҲȷӦûһ̻ͨڣĽɫִ˵
ЦЦ˵û£ͬģռߣǼϵھޣҲܴ뿪
ڼǰҲ֦̬
ľǡ

ͿݹǱصĹʯ
һձõģ߼γɵʬȥ

һؽؿ֦ȻǸ͵ʬ䶤ڿС
û̫ãʬƤȫʧʣһ߿ݹǡ
ʱݹžһˤһϹǡ
ǽʯϣʬͫ૵е㶫
㲻մأʯڷ룬һ䣬͵硣
ǿʯԺ󣬿ֻһ鷽שСһ㶼ۣ˭Ҳ벻ȻǬ
עǿʯ

ʬӺʯ鴫
ûлӦӣǿ޴ʯһӣͶأȥ
ʬȻæԦǿʯŲƵ֮أװȥ
һ»ص棬ָ̼ѣǾ߱Ө壬಻֪ܣ˷صڡ
ǿصʯаš
޻ոյĸܣҿЩݹǣ·𿴵ԲԵïɭ֣Ż壬ڰĴ£μһƴʢᡣ
¶߽ı飬ңҲǱߣҾҪȥС
ʬˣû뵽һʯܻǣ뿪ĵؽ磬ٹ۲۲죬Żкߣǽ󣬰Ҵ𰸡
ͷҲͻˡ

Ԩ
ԯУһظţǣ֡
šħӡŷҫǼһ˵ϸųҢǰʯ֮죬ԵĮġ
ǣǸŮԨʲôϵ
ǣǸаȵ壬ǲ֪Լ²Լݣû˼׷ɱȥ
ͬΪı
ҫչȥһԶ̾ǰǰжңҲжʦֻǣѾڵһӣǳħվħǱߡ
ԯųĬ
ӦңˣʲôҪֻҪһųĬºܰѡҫ˵
Ҳ֪ʲôԯ˵
ǵùҾͲӦô㣬սҫյ



һǧʮ ɫë
İɭҶ
õŮʣĽë³һۡ
Ԩ붸Ȼѣ֪ؿ
˿覴õĳˣ㣬ƯڲغĺһָͷȻɱɫ
ָͷ򺮳ĺһ̺޾Ѫָ
һѪǺпء
峺ĺڲصĺҲã·̼䣬ܱΪһȫµǺ쾳չֳе
ԨĬ߽ͷһɫ䡣
Уͻһ֪ǿգȺ޹⣬²
ǧѵľУһֻѤöʣο޴ĿȸƯš
ѵʯϣմ˰߲Ѫ͸һɱţƻҰζž˵ѹ֡
쵵ܣɫȦֻ޴Ŀȸ
ֻǡ
޴ȸüĴһֱɫë
һɽɫëųǵĻâ͸ŤؼһйѪݼŵĿֲϢ
ɫëǾ޴Ŀȸͷδ֪Ǻӡ
âĿɫëڼȡֻѤþͿȸľѪͻǹ߲ܹȦ𽥱ùâ
ģڵĹ컭棬Ҳʱģá
սˣͷһۣǵͫ˲ѿϸܷ϶һؿڣϽۡ
ߡ
뷢˻ʹͿ־
ȻֻһۣѾϳȥľͿȸλȸ
żѪĴ
ڣǸڿȸͷɫëλ⣬˭
ȸĴЧǧ֮ãΪαɱ

λ֪ˣ
Ԩ𾪹Ѹȵ
ȸҲеѹ֣ǰǺʱͿȸʹڶԷ
ĲǰȸȱѪ⾫ʱ
ԣǷȸһ顣
ûüûüΪǰĶȤζǸλ޵ĿȸȻλ֮֡
һޡ
Ӧ֪ˣַʽôңҡ
ŮʱɫĮֻüĴƺҲȸһЩ𵴣ֻûԵ¶
ңͨʱĳ˯һЩ¡
ڽʱԶһǺӵĿȸѱǸɽɫëȡɾѪܺͻ
ȸʰ쵵Ӵ֮ǧڣɻҡ
еĻ棬ҲĳɣѸٲӰ
ʮǰұΧɱ
Ůʱһ仰ŵĹڵء
һԣ͵סӣԿħְ飬ȿˣƵԨ
Ҫ𰸡
ԨûؿŮʱ£
˵ʮǰ£ԡҡ˵һʵѾ󷽵سˣֻ˵еĲ
ұ߻ɱԴҵʧأʹҳû磬ʧȾһǳҶأȻ˸ǿߵĿֻźͲ
Ůʱ˵Ƕιޱ顣
ڱŵһƨء
ڴսǱض꣬Ӵӳ˵ֻƬͲ²䲻ݡ
ʮ֮ʡ
ʧǵ
૳ҡ
ҵʧأʼٸ߾ֻʧأڶҶȥҲߣ۷սսΧɱ򡣡
Ůʱ·ɭĺ
̫ˣʮǰ飬ҪҪӡѹ򣬻ܷѾֻܻ䵽ʧֻɾԭ򣬻û
ͣһ£ٴ˵ȫʱ򡣡
ѩ׵ֻ֣ǽرָͷȻ
ɭɭĺڣһ貹âɫ·̺Ѫûָͷ͸첲ջʧ
ˣˣ
Ԩؾ
ǵɫѪں䣵ĺУƺڹ˷
ϸħźţߴȥǵѪ
ѨϵѪɫеѪ꣬Ҳ˲̼ˣ缴ʧصأһ
ԨɫǺ죬ƴѹԼҲѹ
ŮʱɫĮһĨЦЦɫʣҪٴγ˯ϼ䡣еǵѪȡˣ˻һ޷ᡣ
ɢݳصζ˷ǺӵĴޣǷѰ
ңɱⷽеޣǳĴ
͵ǡĻؾ
ⷬŮʱֻصһŵĵط±۾
ԨüͷأǵɫѪų˸ոǷܻѺ
Ͱ͵أڿǻˡ
ݣ۹ĿߣˡԨôͣȻһʱֲһ䣬ʮǰ˭Ӧġ
𣺡Ȼˣ
նȥؾλΪңԨ΢ѪѨСػǵѪĻԿɡ
ڱҵء
˶Ѫ꣬Ӱ쵶ڷɳԥ͵ĺͼʳǵɫѪ
ѪȻɢݳͻϢѪռ㣬Ըٶӻ
һε



һǧʮ һѪ
ս
һī֭ʯرͻȻʯɣһͷʯΪһѵض
һͷվֱʮɸߣͨɫţ
Ũڵ֬ѿĴ˳ſһɫӰɭȻ졣
ţһţʯѿ
Ӵʱͱһλ쳣࣬󲿷׳
׳ֻһͬɫĺƤףͷž޴ǣǲб
꣡
ǻҲţڱܵظӦʲô
һȦȦѪɫƣΪģ˷
Ѫζ
غһǿ鱻ʯʱըѡ
һ磬ɣ˲Ϣǧ
أأ
紩͸˲ʯʯм׷ɣʯ鲻ڱը

һţͬɫʯʯڣһ浾Ůӡ
Ů첲ƤͷͻȻ͵͹Ц
ЦУſ죬һŷ̡ܼ
ԭŲ죬ŵԽԽ󣬷·һºܶˡ
˴սȥͻᷢͷȻڲǬ
һ߾Ѫյ壬̶ǻеڣڱʳѪ⡣
ۣ
һûƤอĺǣͻȻ˳ڵɢܡ
һߣոûκμֵģʳҹʬǡ
º죬˲ָֻ޺ģһЦͷ򴽽ǣһѪ
ɫʯʯ͵ص˷򣬼ٷɳۡ

Ƶĳڲͬš
һЩûռǳƬʳͻƵĴ̱
ŮʵһѪԨڵǿʯưҫĿ
ϽĴϡٵޣȫӦ
ǱصǿʯҪӽԺŻᱻȥ
Ԩǿ򲻱ء
ŮʱµһѪϵɢţô޼Ϣ
·ڸЩ飬һѪ˿̾һʯոձ˷֣ǸϽȥ
ǿʯսطɿš
ѪϢķΧҲ˱ԽԽ㣬ĴޣҲԽԽࡣ

䣵ҶС
ڵ룬أʱź̲صĺǵɫҫѪ
֮壬ƤӺ̫Ѩڷ
Ϊ鼫΢ϵʯŵ;УѾֲܳϫ
Ȼ֪϶дǵѪѣ˷Ӧ
ԨĿУ֪˳˾ĲҲ֪⣬սڻҵ״̬
ԨǲӦû򰡣ܾãǾĴޣǵĺзࡣЦţʶأֿ˳˯ĳһۣڴս룬ʲôڷ
ץѪѪ쳣Ԩ˵ͷȥ档
ʣӰһܣһϴĿ׶ʯ档
ŮʱһѪĴڣжڣûˡ
սᱻˣزصģԵòˡ
֪˶á
䣡
һͷ˼ĽޣԴ̬͵س䣬ոջڷŵʯȻһ׹˼֡
ǣųΪ֮һ䡣
ʨӲӵͷޣɫͫ˲б
ֻǣиûǣ·ǵγ˿ųѪͷԡ
˼ޣȻӦˣӰ졣
µ˲䣬ͷкҲͲһ޴׶
ǼƣҪһʱʯͷҵǵѪ˵
һ㡣
ԨȻʧЦнŵѪʱͷųһƬѪɫͷѪѪɫ̫㸡
ûǻ۵ĴɱȷʵҪʡĶࡣ

ƬѪɫ˲˼ĽޣԨ΢Цβ
ɱԣǶԴѪⱥ飬Ӽʺ̰
ȻһǺݴɺշתΣǿҲִӵУȫɡ
ԣΪǴѪͻʴȡ
ɱɡԨĬ
𣡺
˼Ľ˻ţѪڣĴҲ
ƮȥƬѪɫͻȻһشأѪɫѪ귴ס޵ľ޴ڽ޵Աߡ
һ˲䣬쵶â֯Ѫͷš
Ѫ꣬·ֵߣڲͬʱڣͬأӶѪͷ޽иɱ
Ԩ·𿴵Ѫ츳ǿʩչ
Ѫûֻ꣬ǵ߸֮࣬ҲͳһԨ˼
ޱֱӶסֹɼӲĽʯ壬Ȼ鲼ϸȴ̵˺ۣԽԽܼ
ЩһȺӵģǲ֪᲻Ҳڴ˷ս
Ԩ°ͼֹ
˾żĽޣѪͻƵżܹƺΪ
ñȣȸ
ûʮǰҲƺΪλ
Ҳǻ۷ǷսȺͳڶޣ˿Ҳ򣬿»鷳һ㡣

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һǧʮ 
ûκ⣬һͷʧȥǵİ˼ޣ˳ɱ
ȫѪ⣬꣬Աû
Ԩһ͸ؿеƬѪɫ磬ֻǶһŽϴѪɫ˸
ţ˶ȴҫĿѪȻһΡ
ϾѪǡѪˣǾżͬڡ
ϴѪɫ˸ڲ֯Ѫâи顣
ʱоѪܣԨŵĵһζԨġ
ͨĵĽѪܣอǺͼȥ
Ԩü΢
ĬĬʶѪСУɱ״̬̳ûзһͼ
Ǽ̳ڵġԸ㣬Ѱκΰ
ֻǣͼ̳Ľϣ׵Ϊһ壬ƺҪʱ䡣
ɷħ
˶ľѪܣ˲ħɫĵһţûอ
ƢθɺԵأЩɫĵ硣
Ƭ̺¶δı顣
ǵĴ򰾼ӹ̣кܶռ䣬ҪിѪܡڴ˷ʯɱĴҶԲһ¡
ǰǣҪһֱʤȥ
ȻһЦָͷأ߬ǰ
Ŀ࣬ñ㿴һͷ˼Ѫޣͬǲ֪ؿ񱼶
Ԩᵶϡ

ȵ£ǻǻطөɣĹޡ
ĲУȰ˵ϣλ츳׵С㣬ҪεȥˣսѪףӦ÷ڷө򡣵£ã׼μӰĥ£
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ӣȫʶ˰ȵ޴Ѫɶôֲƻ
Ǽţһĥ£İޣܳԽѶϵ´ˣ÷ө򶼱һʥء
ʲô֣Щӿ¡
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һ֪ҷĽ֪ϯǣ᲻Ҳ˷սԤУڱΣգҲ˻
гûԪںλţҲ˵أ
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ǣľߣͺܶȺƫôʣСĵ˵Ǳߣɲǰ
Ҫ˵нǱߣ岻ΪͻȻѪһ󼤵
ʱоԼѪ춯Ƽɫ˸ɢ״̬һλþ£
޿ʼУһλѸٽӽȴΪ죬ʱǻλһӡڶྫȡָĽѪֻܸ֪޵ټһķΧơ
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ڵĽѪǰնģȻ󽻸ȣӡڵ󣬸֪޵Ķ
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ಣ
ڴʱһīĵ磬Զһʯ˲Ϣȥ
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ԾܲԾ૵

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ԨЦɭȻأһλ֮͡
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ڣԼɼӰվһİĵ򣬴һڹ

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ڣѹŮʱµҲάϵ

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뵽ֻħԨͨĪֵġԴ֮šкݵɽģڶЩ긡ֵģѹ



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࣬ҪǶԴ֮񡱸˵ΪԴ֮ƿżɹ۵
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Դ磬ȡ
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ԯԯңϡ
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ڶԶǿվУ̫ǰ
ʮǰĲ񣬲ȣҲԨᡣ
ﻹǽ꣬˵ӡУͷǿվ޵սʵ춯ء
վλʮ
Ҳҡ
ʬЦҡͷҵںڣͱħ׷ɱȳǺӣȻԡգĽڽ꣬Ͷڵôˣɵöࡣ
ɣûоϢ
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һڳĸޣҲ
ֻʬ޵Ļǲ£ڶʬҲûǷͷǿվҲڣǾͲһˡ
κһͷǿվޣ񼶱սعǺԺһָ
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ڣ
ǵξѪȷ˿ϸʮĽɫâȻǿʯ̽Ѱһ
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ŭһ׳ɽӴֱڶڵʯǾ޴Ľɫ㣬ȴߣʬŪ
ȷﲻڣʬϻ鶼ûʬйߡ
޾һͷǿվޣˬ˾Ϳս

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޽ŲĵĻ棬ںԯţƺҲܲôࡣ
⣿Ҳˣ
ͷķҫȻʧЦʬ޵ı飬翴ɵӡ

һˡ
룬ǳµ۹ϼңҼǵãϼҵʷϣйļأԨʱѯһݣ󾪺
˵ͷǱѡУ뿪ϼңȥ½еġأҵʱ뿪ǰϼһûж
ȻˡϸֳЦݣϼΪˣûر㣬ҲͨһЩ伮֪ͷϼңԱķʽһӣҲԵ
Ȼ
֪ϼң࣬ǰĹڣǾ͸ˣԨںɷħһԨԴãڱţҲ巽ĬĽ
Ԩһô˵пܡ
ҡˡ
ģڿڼ½ؽɽšЦЦ˵ڣ͹ڣϣ
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ʲôԨ
֪һϤϢ붯öڵɷħϸʾʱԨأϰֱѯԨǶˡ
Ԩͷ
ǾıӨɷħУһУصڶ͵Ƚɷħӿ
ɷħһһӨ
۾ڶɷħ·ͻȻͿǧĻ档
ͷӰõѸپ۾ڳֳ
ԯޣ
Ԩ
飬ĦߣҲںڣƼ˽ޣʬڶߡ
Ծ޴һʬںֱײʬɭȻЦ
ô
üͷ΢壬Ԩɫޱ䣬˵ҽ֣ʬޣƺǶ֡Ҫǹȥɶ鷳ǲҪˡ
˵



һǧʮ 粻
Ԩɫ㱡
ͬˣĿעֻԯ޵ϡ
񣬷·ӰƮ߮
ͫӰҲȷΪۡ
Ѻݴ磬̤ǺӣҲ˼ͷˣû뵽ܹô죬¼ԯ
Ͼ뿪ǰԯľ磬رţԶѪ̵İ硣
Ѹٳݣһ㲻⣬ԯҲô죬ˡ
λ޵ĳ㣬кܸӣӲ
ֻ򣬺ʶע뾭ѵΪжԵһˣͳħڣԯƲϵһЩʱѡÿ
ôҲΪԯ룬ǣԼ޾鷳
ΪڵĳħڣԼһڡ̻ͨᣬɱسС
Ϊݣ򾳽粻㣬Ӧûкܳʱ
˭뵽
Ϊɷħʵƿߣˣͫϸ΢ӡԨ
ҲԨı˶ϸ̡
ע⵽ԯߺZҢƵǣϸѲ΢ϸơ
ڵ۽磬ԯʵ
״Ǽɣͻɵ覴á
ԶĻľͻƣھĺϵγɲõӰ졣
صĻھͻƣ覴öԳ
αأ
ԨԽ뵽λǿ޳Ϊ˼뿪ݣʳشǣԳħڵѸħٶȴ񣬲һС
ô뿪ô⣬Ϊʲô
Ԩӿֳ֮顣
ȻȻؿԯĶ֣λŲĻ棬һɽںͫͷɢſӰ
⡭
ֹһ䣬Ԩɫ΢䡣
ͬԯ޾ȻԱ̬򣬶ҸĸоȻеԼͳ˵״
Ѫ纣䣵Ѫ⡢޼䣡
ߣʶƵǻλȭͷСģɫŲһʻࡣ
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Ѫ⣬覴ãȱ
ԨĸоУͻƵھǰ϶ļȶʵδһԾԪĿԡ
ӸǣǱеսʵԶԯ
ԯڵս൱ֻšħӡ
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ԨؿԯսеǵĺӰڼһ¶
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ڸ
Ҳڴ˿̣ͫӨâţʹرۡ
Ů˸оңͨҵͫ￴һۣ
۽ǣһƱӨâס飬ˣǼħһѪ¡ҵĽ㣬ˣҲܲһ㣬ҽĲ
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Ϊĺʹҧ
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壬ٹ⡭ĦغХ
츳һԽû㱻޶ɱħ꣬Ļҷ
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Ԩ
ޣԯսͶûһȤĬ̲ס˵ҵģȥʲôҲˣнôޣƾʬŮģ϶Ƕֵġ
һ룬Ҫȥˣᷢʲô
ԯӮʤȥˣǻὫìͷָ㡣Щ½Ҫԯɱ㣬ôҪȥǸ鷳Ϊѡ
粻
Ȱ˵
ҾȥС
ԨҡҡͷԼļͿش˵أ߰ռȶ켣жҵǱ߿һ
㣡
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źһ뿪׼һӲ
˶ֿܷԨʡ
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Ԩһ£ֻܹԹûһ˿Ŀ

ĦҲҪβ棬Ԩֹ
ֻ뿪ǰ˳һۣŮʱº˯ɣҲˡ



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ɭһص飬
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ˣˣ
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ɽ۽ʬкֱײԽԽʬ顣
ʬǰһ
ȻˣӦþͻҲȷʱˡ
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һһ޴ʯԿģԡ貵ĹâУ
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ʯе磬˶ޱȸӣͻȻ½룬ǳ̸֣
ǧͷǧǰ̤໺
ʯ˼䣬ܺƵǵأ޴ڡ
ǽ򣬺þʯƺΪǶ
ЩʯеĲɽеĺīɫеİеķ罣
һʯҰ纡ǣԵüΪ⡣
ԨڴˣһƳǺǰʯġɹ󡱡
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ˣЩͼǽꡣģҲʮͼͼӦʮ֧Ⱥгһȥ壡
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ɫĮŵԯǰһ⻬羵ıǰ̵͵ԯ棬Ǳɽ֮
һԯзֵӰѸپ˳Ρ



һǧʮ ɣ
Ǹˡ
羵ıɽγɳӰԯȻ֪λҵĴС㣬˵Ǹ˭ˡ
ôܣ
ԯ欵һ
֪Ԩ򣬿ѵҲǹ
УԨ֪ʲôΪҪڹ
ͻȻ䣬ԯʱȴڵĴԺжʱ
һĻĻ˽ʶ飬һεĳ棬ޱȵƺǰЩӸշġ
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Ӳйɫĥ
ɫһ㱺ָܵһͼģҪϢĿֲѹ
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ҫҲһ䣬زҽţƵ޲
˴ˡ
ʬһͼϷɭɭعЦţԵð̺š
޵޳һͼ룬ɫĮϢ죬ʱʱ̶̿Ӧͼ
ģӡڱɽϵӰ˿Ҳȫ˳
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ͻȻ䣬ԯӿֳ쳣ӵв
޵ʮͼγɵġ춼Ԩҹ
ȻΪ˼ԨһеسУɵ󣬶覴ãֻǺһԨ
㣡
ԨΪվΪóȻظ˿ɱ޶ϣ޸ɱ
ҪҪ
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㲻˽٣̫˽⡣
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ͼ֮ϣӬͷСְĺɫģͻȻʻ
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ԸԳҡ
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ͻһĹ⣬Ӹ߸ͼ룬ӡԨӰıʱԶʵԨͶ뵽ɽϵĻ
ԯؿڶʯ䣬һӰɷħڣغХš
·ʲôɷħ͵ֹסϷԨӰڱʲôʲô
ʱףִʮͼޣĪֶΣȻݸԶˡ
һ̣ԨģһҪĺ
ԣԨڱҲԥ
ԯ齹Ƶ˼£
ֽţָ絶⣬ڳ羧ġ
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·룬ַ·һͣ
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ԯ̱֮ڡħӡͷڱˣ
˵ǣֱͿϲ֮û֪Լʲô֪ԼҪʲô
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Ǹˡ
أ̬䵽˹衣
ԯȻѣ񣬲ĵૣ𣡱ִ춼ʮͼܾ죬߱ھսǿ󵽳ҵ֪
ҪˣҲģҪңȥ
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ԯʱʵڳʹޡ
ֻǣߴ֮壬ʵѪ⣬û档
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ԯͫȼ档
޵ɫ䵽£ͫһâ֯н档
꣡ǣ
ɽ֮ϣӡǵӰ٣һǼ䣬Ϊǧٿ飬Ȼʧ
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һӨ⣬ڱγɣǱɽֱù⻬羵
ֻǣûԨӰͺۼڡ
ಣ
Ʋɽۣ֮ȥԯתӣһ򣬹˵ĵ
Ҳ˽ˡ
ֹһ䡣
߿еʬһȻý
ɢһͼеģдʬǿʯ֪ս˵ȼʬ𲻵ʲôá
ͬˣ֪ԨͬѰ֪ˣԨϼ̫
ǰ㿴صһˣõĽϿɣбն̨ȡ򵥣
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ʬԴһ㲻Ҵ⣬һ˿
Ԩ
˵ķҫһöĵ¸۲һ¾ƣҲ֪ᷢʲôˡ
Ҳޱȡ
ССҩ֮ƵĳҢɬ̾
ڡ
ХŵɷħԨײڶ൲·ʯг֡
ԯһ
ĵΪǽվҲֵõġ



һǧʮ ܻѡ
Ԩļ١
ͼһ̣֪ƶϲд
޹ǿӲ
̫ʮͼ߱źεȾˣ
ΪǽۿһͼɽţԦɽƺݽڷ䰿Ǻӵĳ
ƺͷǿվ޳ǽġ춼󡱣ǶϷ
ǡ춼󡱼Ժ󣬽зҫˣһʲôı³
ȷܼȫɷħܾչ
һ鵲·ʯ
֪ԶħڶɷħľӿѾ߱˼Ϊɹ۵ս
üӦüģ
ļĬš
Ϊ֪λϵδޣ֮ǣŵԯ
ԯ޵УλշԼĳ㣬κεʧ⣡
ԨԺϵ˼ţʲôʽԯˡ
ģʮͼ춼󣬱ߴ졭
ĬĬţأһͷ
Կ

ಣ
κɷħس˷ǿգſͻֳ
ͼѹţ˿ڣӼ½ĴߣͻȻƴͷ
qqĴ󶦣һ̫գͷžħϫ

ɷħǶ渡֣ɲܱΪ󰵺ħ
ɷħޣнŴ󶦵գ궼ǿҲ
Ƕʱ춯صħʱԨ޸ɹ
սֲħ
Уһ޳Ӱ𽥰θߣ󶦺ɳ³䡣
Ӱ򵥵ĻҺɫװ˽ý
һֻ޽еĽʣ絶̰ǷһǼкɫ
ûܷϣһӣ͸¶һɸӲơ

һ³ͻȻһͼȻȵͣס
ǧٸСģ̼䣬Ϊһֻֻɫˡ
ڶɫˣͼڰţµȥ
һͼ·λߵһһֻֻԨƷȥɫˣƺľѪɡ
ˣ߽ЩɫʱԱ𺳡
Ϊں֮ߴڣ
һɹɣ紩ʱյǸͼ
ȻչɫˣƶڼţѰϵ֧š
˷򣬷ԲǧﷶΧشռǧĶĹɫţ
ʬ΢΢ɫȣģ
˭Сߣ
˵ޣǵ٣ֻɫˣҲҪ˱ᣡ
ʲô
һ԰źһֻ֣ңңָԨڵͼ
һʮͼͷųɫֱǸŹһͼ
ҲЩԨȥģСɫˣٴδɢΪ̬
ܻѡ񡣡
䣬ԯſ˵ЩʲôᷳصӦñ졣

һӨͼͻȻԯͷ
ͼУһֻֻϵģΪߡ
ԯֱ֮ӳ档
ԯһȥͼߣ㣬
֫ظһȦһȦ
ǶӦһ֧ͼУҲܿڽƤҲգΨʶ
Ҳֻܣ۰Ͱ͵ؿԨޡ
Ҿ˵ҪͼҲûôס
ԨԯţǿѹеĽ͵ǣԼ侲ͷһ£ɫɫͼͷĹϢȻ˵ͼһܱߣԶҲ޷
λߣںǧ꣬ûй˥ڣ
𣬾ߵλ۹壬νؼ֮һȫʢʱڵҲضá
Ҫǿ
˵ʮͼûģһȻУ
ԣڹʱԯİͨһǱߵĶԻ֪ڹһͼһ⡣
Ȼ
º󣬿ն̨ڵѪȥЩģ˾޴
֪ںδλߣȻǺӣܵͼ
ܵˣܴԽؿռ䣬Ӱͼʹڴˣ
һشأռǧĶɫţֱ֣ܵ
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뵽⣬ԨҲ𾪲ѣֻɫ˵ľֶθе̾
ĸпȸᱻ׵նɱҲͲ⡣
Ϊλʵ̫ǿ
ڸոգҪǲֹһֻֻɫ˴ɢ»ΪģЩ˾ܼȡɫеܣѸٵ׳󣬰ߵĲڴ˷ѵչֳ
Ԩţû˭ʱȥֱֻɫˡ
ͣͣ
ڴ˵ģһشؾ޴ɫƣҲûܴ̫ãЩɫˣʮٴαΪԺ󣬾Ѹɢˡ
УԨûޣǶЩɫơ
ط֣΢СİУɣڼЩɫȥ
һͷﶸȻ
뵽ŮʱµĻ뵽򣬴һࡪȣ
Դ֮šĿȵĿռܣԽκοռ쳣룡
λߣռƣ֪ͨʲôܹĶ漰˿ռ˲˸Ӧ
ȣǸ֪ĲֺͲͼ԰нˡ
ȻȲԸʱ̣λƻԴ֮񡱵ı
Ԩ˸ܲ⡣



һǧʮ ͼ
Ůʱµ˵ʮǰ֮ʧصĴɢλߵı
ɴֻɽ۵ɫˣʮǰͲڲ
һֱΪǿȣҲԶ
ʮĽգɹط۷սһ·;
Ͼļ䣬û
һߵȣ֪ʲô»롣
롰Դ硱˱ȻʵսҲδشǿ״̬
£Ůʱ£ǽԴ֮šܹչȣӦöϣｵ١
޺ʬҲȻֻţڴ
Ϊˣֻѹǽꡣ
ɫˣ
ŽǸͼԨһ˼󣬶Ӷ̽š
ʵλ̫ǿ
ֻҪһ
һɽۣ֮ĮԵΪݡ
Ԩһ
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û仰ͻᱬҳͻ
侲ޣļУûгֹ
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Ϊһ飬ֵõڶܼӳֵն̨Ө
ն̨տտٿһִ˷أڶ
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գرиγжľ塣

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ĺԨسֱ۵سֳһļڣںԨ£ͨνġԨڡ
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ħֻеһ֧ѡ
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ûͻƵ񾳣ڻξ׶Σ׻ķȻ󣬾ͱнлٴμС
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ıӨָ֮ͷϸѪףâķɳ

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ͻȻ䣬һҫĹУˮӯӯĹθ֡
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˰һڵء
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ɹģŨѪܱĺԣߺ;ԨԦն̨նΪһؽء
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ⷬԯҲ鼤
ھҲھ
κԯɫᶨȼ˿Ļ档
ʼշҫָԡħӡȥȡ̫ˣҲ˾سħڣȥ׼
ȻʱǰǺӣ
ͻȻࡣ

챦£ǹá
ɷħеԨͺһʯ룬ѭźĻ֮ϵ̤˻ع·
Ĵڣʱ򣬴ǺѰǳ֮ºģ֮ȫܹǿѪͽǡԣڴѵǺӣһЩϡȱ֮Բѡ
˵Ůʱʱ̬΢΢ͷ
Ůʱ£ĸмǾη
Ԩ˵ͷ񼶵ģ£ǲʲôϾǿһСشڣڽָϼԺȷʵ߱ʵ
һˣһǿɷħ߷ű߽
УԨԶڶɷħ֪ҿûȵӰͶ
޺ʬǿ飬ڲǬʯټ
ĳᣬԼʯضȣѵһ⣿
ԨȻš
ܸоֻĳ֮ڿռļзڣĮؿԼıʲô
ֱ˵ǿңѺӡ

еɷħȻͣס
һĲУӽŵֱţԨͨ巢顣
ֱǰһ鲻۵ʯ
ʯ֮ϣռ˸ۣ·һš
ڣǧ⽻֯ţγѤõҪĻ档
һȦȦĻ룬ͻȻֳһòʵƮӰ
ӰؼԨϤϵã
ʱǺӴŮһı
翪ʼһ
һսһŲս뿪磬ת롰Ұһִǧ硣
ȻǧһпսһĳϷѩ
֪١
ԨУһŮӦǧǳҡ
Ϊͳ˵ˣݡ뿪ʱûǧ緢
ȣǧ磬κһɱɣ
Ϊλ

Ԩ촽ɬأһǿѿЦݣк
һڣͻȻڣö϶·𱻲ͬĿռ޷ʹﵽĹš
ѤһȦȦУƮıͫе
ÿһȦƺ˱ǺӿռܣܹӰһνġԴ֮šݵЩǺӵÿ깡



һǧٰʮ һ
ԨֱԼ۾
˿̵ıػڵ飬͸Ų
Ȼ´֣·ʵκʱյļз졣
Ԩָоһ֣Ǻ磬
ʱգܱ󡣾룬ԣƺûκ塣
йؿռдͰȻӡ硣
·ڵһ۵ʱ򣬾ͨ˺Ϳռһܡ
ԨΪŤĸо
Ȼһķ
꣡
ʱͻȻѣݣŤΣ
ɷħ֮أǰͻֵǿʯʯ֮ϵţصı类ε߬Ȼ
꣡
һѪܿƵӿɷħĶڡ
ĸ߽ɷħ׷ӿֳһסħΪܣغܳײ
ԨҲʲôֻʣɫģõĿտ
ʱ˿̣ɷħз죬δٵģߵ֮أԨײ㣬Щʱ䶼δ֪
ľ㱣ƺڶ˲طѡ
ڣʼսţɷħ
ն̨Ѩڲһطʧ޾
Ļܹ꣬λλɷħŲϵϵ
״á
䣡
еĻ־Ӧ;㶸Ȼ¹עʶСأ
͵һԨȫ˹ԼȻɷħڶվš
ֻǡ
ǰعţıѲ֪١
ϸܱߣɫóسء
ﷶΧ洦ɼʯսкǣңԻ˳
һƬտļţֻʣɷħƯڿһա
ۿɼǰңϷģûκʵ塣
Ԩһں
ͻȻеޱȵңԼɷħȻܴڴ˷ļ֮ء
ʲô
صڿտء
֪
ΡΡأɷħĵײðͷҺվ
Ȼһ߽૵˵ôһɲǣҷ·һ뵽ʱաģƺֻǻǣ塣
͵ҡͷң޷϶Ϊһû˼άֻʣ±ֱܺڸոգһУ⣬ܲļޡ
ˣһսҲ֪˶á

˵ĺ塣
Ԩϸ룬Ȼǵһ̣˷һ
ǣˡ
˼Լ״ѪСأն̨ڵѨϣɷħһݡ
Ե쳣
ȻȥͨȲ׽΢ģ޵ľϵһ
򣬻սֻǲԭڴ
̫Զ޷׼ȷأ콻
֪ܿᵽϢʱ£Ѹٵؽӽš
ǰһ޴ġʯ½أ
ǶȻƶ
͵ؾָԶƿһԨλ÷ӯ磡򣬵ʢ磬Ҳǵϸ˹أˣĻ͵ϸ˹˿̶ӯ磡
Դ֮ţ
ţԼж;ֹԨ
ԨҲȻɫ
ǰɷħڵλã븹أһΪľ롣
գ۹ɷħȻ͵ִսǹӯ磡
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һĳ飬ǰӣͼɷħһǣֱӴ뵽ӯ磡
ҪģǴϾռƣһ㱺ӯ֡
ûֱӯ㣬ӯ绹о룬ӯ绹ڻ
ΪŮʱµĸ棡
ͷ򶦻ڷȥ
һ㣬ԺӹԨ׵顣
۱ǰʲôڵıȫΪֻ
չֶΣ䲻ɷħӯ磬еһУ
ն̨Ǿ߻ɱ͸Щܣ
еĶȴһԵأȫС
ŮʱµļʱԮ֣ɷħû˳ӯ磬û֮֡
ţλĳ飬Ѿһνˣ
֪
ϵأʱȡ
һ̻Ϊ꣬ȻӨĹע뵽ڣɷħϵ
ڴ󶦣űĵš
ԭļƻԨӦúŮʱ£顢Ħ˳ӯ磬ִǰǸģûѴ½
ڣȴڷ롣
ΪŮʱ²࣡
ȳֳģһ˲䣬÷ԲأﱬΪ̫ںţȷܱ⡣
οʱ˿̵ͷޣڳ˯״̬֮壬Ҳûϵɱ䡣
ʱȥƥ֮µĻǴ˼㣡
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ӯ磬һʯԶ֣ʯܱߣСʯӡ
ֻһۣԨ֪ӯ磬ĳַʽܱСʯ
СŵʯҲӯһ֣ıѷֿ
֮šĴڣȺصԴ̤֮֮·
Ȼǻ죿ǿʯӯ簡
ʹɷħĺľΪȫеɷħҲˣǸֳľʯȻڱ
󣬾ζž뻹̣
ӯ֮ϣ͵ϸ˹λտռߣǺŤ˿ռܣ
Ԩһ
ǣȺŮʱµһν߶ûһľٴ룬𣬻ĹʱϢġ
Ȼǰ棬ỹѡ
ֻ͵ϸ˹
ԨɫԱҷڰְţΪûް



һǧٰʮһ ǳֹ
Ķ⣬³֮󣬾û̫ڡ
ǰų˳˯Ͱĵϸ˹Яֻóش
ݳҢԷҫ˵ӯĹ죬Ҳɵġ
ϸ˹ӯ¶棬Ǳѡ
Ͼݴ˵ϸ˹
֣ҵĸоһ壬ԹޣΪƫƫԴ֮չƻΪʵͽѵ˵Դ֮񴫵ݸ˼룬ҲҪࣿ
Ԩš
ɷħļԦû̫ൣģһͼһ˼ţʲôֶѵһ
ӯȻ
ˣµûǷŵĲ졣ǣռ䷨ߣӰǡͬ
Ԩͷ
˷ǰߣκοռطܾȣᷴơ
ˣǰ֣µض飬
ѵǺ޼ɵÿռߣ⣬ȻһšԴ֮񡱵ᣬǵϸ˹
ռ䣬ռ䡭
ԨĥţһĻͷʶС߮ն̨Ѩϡ
ն̨ΪʯϢϢأ񾭹󣬵Ȼȵƿء
ȻҲһֻֻʵȥѨϣȴͻƲ˷ߣն̨¡
Ļͷֻ޷ն̨Ťת
ᣬһʼͿն̨ռΪУӦҲԴ֮⡣ֻǣڵľΪ
һѨеն̨ʱԨ
һȡն̨ΪǰȷţȺŮʱ£Ӧڶʱڣ֡
ȻûѵĻᡣ
ಣ
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ͷ̩̹ޣڵһʱʵԦն̨
ҳռ쳣
һն̨ڲͷʵʱ֮ǧϢն̨ܽϡ
ն̨ٴųȻԣ
εն̨һŤתһֻ޴ۣ
ϵͻȻۣ
ɫĹҫصġۡͷţϵ񻰴˵ƺͻȻĳ˯Ҫٿһ׳ɽһı˰񷡣

ʱ
еɷħҷǺӹ켣ӯǰز
ЩԵĿռܣ硰ۡն̨ɫһҫΡ
Ȼ
ԨЦһԥػӶʣĬһ
һնȥ
һǺӵ糺콣⣬貵㣬·ҪսڣԨ춴ĵײ㣬иĴ
꣡
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ǧ⣬ոջɼӯ磬ͻ֡
Ԩ
͵ϸ˹ŭХմ
ٴλͷͷνģԽԽӯ磬ƺδ
ǣӯţǿӣȴεţһرӯ磡ùĿռ

ΪɷħܶħԨնһȥķ
ӯ̾ս룬ȻڶСʯ׷ȥ
ʯ⣬ƺһЩ飬սкҲܵ
ӯ磬صġԨ춴̰أʵأûʳһУ
ɷħֻһˣۡ
ʼգӯʵδֺ
еŵصԴ֮񣬳⣬ӦöҲҡȻ㱻Ի󣬲˲ֱʵá
Ԩֹ
Ǿ޴ġۡУܿļ·Χǧ򱶣ܿĳϸڣԶǺܱȡ
ͨն̨ġۡӯĵرڶĻľ̰㾣͸ڰյʬһЩ塣
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⣬ӯĵصףĵϸ˹
ϸ˹һͷĳ;ӣƺȡ̺;ǣǣѸǿ
Ǿ·ӯ統ģ׳޴ǿá
Ӵ˿̵ӯ磬лľоȡľʳ壬ʬޣѪϢ£
ٱƿţתӸ顣
ϸ˹Ǻֱӹ
ͨĴڣϸ˹·ȡţԴԴߵѪܣǾ߿Ƹݵǣ̺аھŻǡ
ᣬǴֵģԾнأŵϸ˹
ϸ˹ġԴ֮šѤ⽻֯ţĿѣԡ
ϸ˹
Ԩһ
ţ
£İߣϸᳶ
ǾĸڣͻļѪЩѪɫӣȴǳŨ
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ͷءԴ֮šһȶȻá
·ǴӻԨУͻȻȼŵĹڶķʽ
ЩֶȻһ䣬ģհصķţڴ㲻Ŀռܡ
䣡
ۡն̨͵һļѹҲάϵ̽ϸ΢ġ̬֮ۡ
ڲףƶ߰ԨҲԸܵһңԶģϵģĪʶӺעĿ
ಣ
ն̨طѨϣҲһϢعʶСء
һʶδйκɱ꣬γӡ
ǵĲɫâл䣬赭дĨȥûʶС¶ۼ
ǲɫâԨԾ졣
УᵽϢǸոܵģңԶģϵģصɲȣʶ
Դ֮񣡡
Ԩ

ȫʹɷħҲӯǣһǧ
ԨƵƵͷŽն̨ӯصףĵϸ˹ġԴ֮šзŭյᡣ
ǶûоҵûиӦһǵ쳣
Դ֮񡱵ӣعʱһ档
ȴλ˲䣬׵Ĩûºۼ
Ԩѵ֪δйģϡѰͷŵһҵ
תػꡢ겻飬δȥ
ػΪɱꡭսԪ
Ԫ񾳣
ͻȻףֻҪгһգͻƣͻὫʧȥļ䣬һ͵ڶУֽΪһ¯
ʱҲֱ˴ˡ
һڶ͵ͼ䣬λһ塣
쵽Ȱ͸ΪһĳˣҪ߳һ



һǧٰʮ շ
ӯص
ᣬԾη񣬿ŷ˿;ӵĵϸ˹
ġԴ֮šŲƵϸ˹ͷԳһķλ
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ѤţƺǾڣȡܣŸɫѪʲô
㣬һѤУ͸һİģģѷֱעϸ˹ڡ
·ǡԴ֮񡱵Ķ͡
ϸ˹ƣһηķʽǣ
λݵİߣÿһѪܽתŰģѪ
ֻǣаС
Ԩ
ͳ
ž
һ۷˿ͻȻϣ͹ĸֿ

ǰ鹧أѯʡ
ܲһ㡣
ϸ˹ɫǹ¶ţĿԹܲ⣬ҪҵĽ֮·ƲɵҵʧȥһУλ˳ŵһ
ͻȻ
ϸ˹ǰǾż۷Ѫֻһţܿ뵽ʮ
ڵģλĵ峤
峤ľϣϸ˹Ϊܱûб㾡Դûܽס
Ͳôһ
Ĵ˾ְλӦڵ峤ΣӦ峤
ȹǰ
ṪԵرʾž⣬ҲڴڡԴ֮񡱵İ£ܹڴ򣬳ɹԽѪĽޡ
ǰĵϸ˹ԽΪʮѪΪе۷ǿߡ
Ҳϣ
Դ֮šеλϸ˹ɱ䣬һıһϯԪ֮λ
񣬳ɿռ޽Ԫش󣬻˭Լ
ʲôݵʲôڣٶԪþͨռ䷨ҵִԪ񾳵
οǸʱԴǺˣ
뵽⣬ģҲᶨˣ׷桰Դ֮񡱣ıȡǿľģ

һߡ
壬𿴻ġǺӶɿڡ˾ӿڴˣĽǡ
壡ǸʲôͿؾͻزȥ𣿡
һλаڵߣɫǵͨ죬ţ֪֪ڵսôգƾЩˣڴ˷սֻ·һ
役ͷö𳳣Ҳˡ
أںδڵһλŭ
ҷ˵ģһЩںڵĴޣҲߺȡ
üͷ˵Ǳ߳˵⡣
⻰һɵˡ
Եȣܡ
ͻ
뿴һ΢칬Ųܼ󣬷糾͵طŶ
ܼ󣡡
ǲܼ󣡡
Ǽ½ģԴ½ߣʱ
ǵĿУܼҲǻ׿Խսɹֳۣڵ
ܼһҷ·һӣĹǡ
ֻǣܼҲŷɫʹƺЩ㱡
󣿡
ӭϣȻڳռǹ£ûɫ˲ʲô飿ʦأ
ߣһİȥܼʹ

һƬ
ǺӶɿڣҪŻ㱨ܼԸ
ǺӶɿڣƺ˵⣬ֻܹ޷뿪һţһܼ˵Ӳϵز壬壡ڣȻǸۣ
ģƺΪ˵е
һҪǺӶɿڡغݴĲܼҲج𾪡
ǺӶɿڡ⣬ζʲô壬ڳĶࡣ
ܼҶȻˡ
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Ңһûͼײģ׶̺ͻڵޣҲڵִ
Ң
ܼһüͷһ壬ѯʣһ뿪ģںδУǡôˣ
ˣͶʲôԴ֮ѳ˺ݡ
Ңܼ󣬿ǺӶɿڣ·ƼϣĻ磬ͲӰ㣬֪飬ӿٶȵ˵
ȻڳЩޣȫɵˡ
Դ֮񣡡
ܼƽһӯ磬ֿ˿ǺӶɿڡ˲ԤС
֪оտռߣǰġǺӶɿڡ
ᣬȻ֪׼ȷ꣬ǹߣһˣǻ̴ˡǺӶɿڡɣ
ȻܽԷʲôɱеģ̤ս飿
ܼԽԽ


ƿص֮ʯͺХŵɷħʱúһؽϡ
ʯɷħͬʱֹס
ˣû°ɣ
֣һʱսһӾ뵽ɷħ
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ҲԹԵ˳ӡ
ճµŮˣǰͻȻʧأǡ
Եһ㲻ˣһ
˵۲ʱĿֲͳԶ޴ɽ鱩ӿ޵ĲɫռȦӡ
û˵̫ϸֻ˵˴塣
Ԩȴ֪ΪͻȻͼɷħӯ磬Ůʱ¼ʱˣսи档
ȣΪһν֣һƬ⽮
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ԨеأűۣϢȵŮʱ¡
Уݳů⡣
ǰʲôӺû˺ԼûԼй⡣
ҳ顰̫ˡԯ˳ĻԵ
Լʱɵس֣ϧһγ˯Ҳ档
ԨȻãڶΪʱŮʱµĴȣһУΪȷһԮ֡
Ůʱ£˵񣬲Ųڶĩڣʲôб¡
Ӽ߰ߣֻĺá
û£صķʽߣ涼
شһ䣬ɫȻţԨҪȥʲôӯ磿֪ΪΣܾò׵ֻǽӽǶоҪͷˡΪӯصףųԽǵĿֲ
֪ҲˡԨͷ
ˣȻ
ţǻǰҲӯ硣ͨն̨ƼĻ档Ԩţۡն̨ĵص쾳ϸϸûκε
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һļħ۰Ͱ͵أźֹ
Ϻ룬֪İɷħеһλɷħѲ˴ڴ󶦡
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ʱСضŮʱ£ŮʱͻȻ
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Թ类ˡЦ
ͣһ£ֵǣӺݶˣĴҲ޷ͨǺӶɿ뿪
пռ춼ˡ



һǧٰʮ 
ҡͷɥεأķ֡
֪ˣڳ˳˯ʱѰسԹ
ȻȷսǡԴ֮šγɣֻȵĴڣ˿ռ
ݵڴ˴ġǺӶɿڡҲ޷ת
ǣƿŵͨҲһš
Ҫռ£һɲǼ䣬Ӵѵǳ˵Ρ
ô˵Ҫ뿪ֻķˣԨ°˵
ţֻˡ
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ͷһۣڳ˯еŮʱ£飺ԨҪɣݻǰӯĲһеѹ˵Σ
Ԩͷ
ӯȻգˣǺαطҪȥѯʵ
ΪȺȹҶΡԨŮʱԣȻȣʱңӦӯ硣мԣӯĵصףԵϸ˹Ϯ
ٶԡ
ֻȡܸǰΪһλϤŮӣбһ塣ǧʱΪǳңû뵽Ȼٴˡ
Ԩؽ˽¶ͷĻ棬Ҳ˵ԼĲ²⡣
飬˽Ĳ治̹Ȼ
Եġ
ħһĦͻȻ廰
Ԩλն̨ڲħߣûڣܸɴ˵ȻȺ̺Ѫܺ׵أбѾͷ
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ڸĴˣɯҲ۾
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УǴӺʱ𣬿ʼԼģ
ͨ
ڶԨͷĦ̵ⷬʶֻȵǿͿ¡
Ȳӯ磡

ӣһͣԭأû춯
ԨʱأλϵļħѯһЩ£ܶأȥ˽Ȱǿվ֮
ͨ飬֪صġԴ֮šǺӸ磬ؿ
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رעǾߴɱ״̬
̳ʹħ׿˵Ѫɫ飬и徫ѪѪСأѳ̬߱
ͨ徧ӨڲѪ⽻֯žΪ졣
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Ͼͻˡ΢Ц˵
λˣ͵سԨ
³º͵˿
ݣԨ
߱³ԨӰʱ
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ԣҲ޷ֵҲʱı⡣

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һٵĻ岿䣬һ鰵ʯԶѪµʯڣźϢĻ澫ܡ
лӣʱǵѪ⣬ʹǼ㣬ͻֳܶ
鰵ʯһѵ磬һƬɽƵأڷԺ󣬾γƵʯ
Ĳ䣬ÿһЩ꣬˿ڴˣʯڼȡŲдĻ澫ܣϴѪ
ף
һСĻսʿŵķȻ
쿴Ǳߣ
ĴСУڶеĻˣ׷ױ
ָԶǺӣĲɫǲУһĻϪӡ
ϪųҽԻ˶ԣǼֱȪ
ʱлˣȫһԾ
ȥȥ
һһİѪܣע뵽µʯ鰵ɫʯ˲кХ
ˣػУһǴ˼Ѫ㡣

߸òҹˣһĵʯײͻȻۡ
ಣಣ
˽߳վڹʯϷ˳ѪָһĿǰ
һ֣»£֪ʱð
ҫ£ǰգһСȵʯ䣬š
ǹ⻪˵ĴǽֻǶſҹѪ·ǳ
֮
λҹˣй˹ȥ

¡
һλ׳˶󺺣绨ңڿпš
УȺ̰һ˲Ƶضǰ
ǰգһֳֿɵá
ʧңһط

ڰѳֵġǺӶɿڡʯȱ˿Ҳڿзš
ִơ֮ìZҢ΢͵ؿԶ
һ˶ĳʯͻȻ両֣ӡųġ̫ˡ꣬ͬʱӦ
һ㱣ξбѣϸҲƼ޴ġ̫ˡ
̫Ծѵ򣬲̫ܳ˾޴ģ̫ˡ

ڵκ׿һУͻȻǧ⣬һڣֳһƬ׵罻֯ķ籩
Уܵ˹Ĵ
һԥκ׿ͻȻλһ
ûһ䣬λںݴ磬Ϊһ֮ǿߣһȥ
ܼ󶼲֪ʲôãȻأʧķλϸȴʲôҲû
Ȼ󡭡
ʯϷɵھޣһ·߻ħ㣬Ȱ˵ߺȣ뿪
ȥߣͬλãɸܼĸоȴ;ͬ顣
ƺսĳһ

ӯ硣
ĵϸ˹ֲľǧͣѪⶤڰգɫֳŨŨڴ
˿̵һѾ˵ر
ǵص
һ֦ɷľԱߣš
ʱûһƬҶӣֻһ֦ɣŸȥ
̧ͷľѾǧ׸ߣӯγɵɽͣҪʾˡ
ңȥ֦ɣռǧĶؿռ䡣
Һɫ֦ɣ·ܹӯеĻľУȥԼ׳
ôһп
Ҳд𣿡
ϸ˹Цһֿ׳հĿ⣬һۣĿǰֻһСѣɳͻᷢӯ磬ݲ
ầȻļٵģ
ĸӯ磬ӯ֦ɣ죬쵽ĸλã͸һ޴ģǳʯмȡΪ޽ʵ
ϸ˹˵ʱǽ˸Ĺâ
꣬˵ˡ
ſɣл飬ᱻǱںδʲôܵĻӰ죬ῴζ汦ǽߣ
ֻҪȴǾͻǰͺ̵أһһִӯ硣
ϸ˹һأľȻ󣬶Ӷʵ
ǹʵһҲϣ

˵һϯ𺳣Եϸ˹Ը伫ޣԡѰȫʶ
³ҲʧǣȻû˵ѣǶԵģҵ˴˵еܴƣȥ峤Ҳûʲôɡ
ͻȻʶֿΪû⣬³Ρ
ΪʱҲõϸ˹ˡ
Ϊϸ˹аʶĹƻʧңԲžٰпѪ׼˴ҲԼ
ѰȻĴڣҲૡ
Ѱ
Ԩֹţظĸ֣ԼеϤ
ƺҲʲôطѰֻǵȥʱûʲôͷ
ף
һȺѨˣע⡣
ֻʮѨģ߼˼սʿ٣ȵأӯķƴȥ
Ǻ͵ѨˣԶЩѨˣȴƺû⵽ǣǲŲʡ
·𣬾ǰеԶʲôϡ䱦ˡ
ôϹ𣿡
ڵ룬һĻĻԾҲûһۣܾòԾ
³µҲƳ죬׷ü
ŮʱĮأǰһۣޱ˵ҵָǻһҲᱻڵԻ󣬿ȵسӯȥȻͳΪѰ׳󣬵޽ʵ֡
˿ŵĻʧɫ
¶˼κͷԭİ
ڱֻʵĻӰ죬ӯȥᳶֻҪͻӽӯ磬սС
Ǿ;䣿Ԩ
Ҳвʧߣֻϧֹˡ
ŮʱµĿ⣬ӿռľ룬ƺһǼ䣬ĳؽ磬ĻԺǸвܼСӴкżȴͷӬ㣬ͷҲֻܸż
ܼ󣡡Ԩȡ
һ룬Ůʱµ˲ܼӰҲһ뿪Ӱ
뿪֮ʧеģԯͷҫ
κ׿ȻҲС
ھȻҲ޷ѣ



һǧٰʮ ˣ
ȱ״ʯ֮ϣܼһϸ񹬵У
ɸ౦ʯǶɵĹڲӡǵУԲܻӰ죬ûʧ澰С
У˷ѵһƬɫĺ
ԵĿռܣҴһ»õ˷
ٽе飬ؽ磬ʯڡ
ڹûʧˣûôˡ
ѣȰ裬ЩܻӰ죬һ뿪к
ǵ֣κ׿ȻҲڻȻУߺȣִʯ뿪ʱǵطˡ
κ׿ھޣǴϻۣ־͡
Ǳ룬ζԻ澰ߣΣҪ߳һء
Ҳֻˣܽ͵ͨ
ھһصģȻǺսǵУĿռܣ²
ȡ
ܼھ̾
ͻȻһƬɫУһĨɫ˲Ũ
һỊ̃ʻ㣬ɫûǿռʹչֳģʣɫ
һɫϪˮ㡣
ȻһǳϤӰɫϪˮȻ¶·һʱգɫƽؿ˹
Ԩ
ܼһȻȴܱ߳ȻͷֻֽԨ֮ɫŻɫ
ɫУ鵮
һ£˲֪ԨӦֻİ£ǿյһչ졣
ԯзҫ
ϪˮеԨü򱴿ǰʯų˵Ƿв
ӯеġѰʳ飬ֻȵĻֻὫڴ˷Ǻӵˣһʹﵽӯ硣
ԯͷҫ˿ûʯ֮ϣûڲܼԣȻҲݻþˡ
ЩѨһ
ˣʧ˻㣬ȿֺ뿪ˡȥķһ£ҵĸоУǱͬĻеĲܼ󣬿Цһ͵ܿʵֹˡС
ͷǡǺӶɿڡ֮أ޷սʧԺ󣬶ɿھͳ⡣
ûٳƺΪΪӳҢ˿У֪⡣
Ȼ˺ݣνġԴ֮Ϊ飬ҲͲֵȥ
ȵĻӯȥһУͻ˲䱻ĹϮɱѪʳǡԨ
Ҫأ˿ӯĿֲͰϸ˹Ұġ
Դ֮šȣ˵ıҲ˳ᡣ
취ҪôϢݳȥø֪Ҫô跨κ׿Ǿܵƻӯ硣
䣬ɫϪˮԨӰȻģ
ܼüͷڻ֪ԺԵøͷˡ

Ǻһǡ
ǿ鱻ʯҲڲɫлεţš
ֻǣʯÿÿһȦֻᾭͬĵؽ硣
޺ʬܿǺӣ鲼ЩصĲɫܴиܵռܡ
ǻ²⣬ǵ֮δܼʱҲǰЩռ͡
뿪ʯǾͲᱻȵĻӰ죬ܿС
ǻû취ʯȵĿռƺ⣬
˺ԨܼĴƣܻӰ죬ȴҲ޷õɡ

֮ʯ
Դͷµ׵棬ѳһȦ޴Ʋ
ģһȦȦ磬ڳȦ
ѱЩɫһȦȦ޴ڡڵСӣǣڼһҲ£ĿռȦǣţӯ翿ֻǸоˡ
ɫݣûʲôرı飬˵򵥵ĵ
ԻߣſռȦȦһȦȦڲ㡣ֱߣȦֱأֱӯ硣ңֻʵĿռܣ˿ռ롣ŮʱȻص¡
һˣȻϸأҽһ¡
ܿ죬Ҳˣ֪δȵĻӰߣҲռǣӯȥִֻӯʱ䣬ỺĶࡣ
Ӱߣֱߣرʹӯ磬Ѱ֡
ѰɳܺʱЩûбԻߣҲӦȫӯ硣
һˣʻսǿģǻᱻʳ
һӣĲأһ֡ѰϢɢݳһ̣ͻǿҵںδʲôٶȸ
ΪҲҲѪƺ⡣ԶǸλϣͻοܴѰϣõйذܡ

˶ӯֵ̼⣬𾪣־Щİ
ΪڳԣȫܻӰ졣
У˼ȻϤһаصΣϾȲصִ͸ȫĲúı
ô򶨵ԭ
ҡ
ԨһԺжʱֳԯҫлͰȵӰ
ȷԯҫ˿̶һȫݻþл󣬻аȵû뿪ȷš
û뿪򣬶ȻҲӴ˽١
Ҽ˿ɺá
³ˣôһ˵Ȼ֪ʲôˡ
ģȥǶžͺá
ʶȤ飬ǿ֮ʯ룬Ȼһ˱³º͵˿ڡ
һϽס̨Ļ֮꣬١
һߣĦ룬ִɷħԥҲ̷롣
һǿ鲻ʯϣֻʣԨͳˡ
ǵԨЩˡ
ŮʱĮƳһ£ʱӦ̫˵ĶλħڵŮӣӯ绹кܳ룬һʱˡ̫УҵӰֻʵ
Ԩһأ
Ժ˰ȣлͷҫӰŮʱµͨӦеӰ
ȽϷѾÿߡ
Ԩɫһ࣬˯ʱһֱԱ̷ţľְж㵡ʼơ
ˣŮʱԲ͡
Ԩ۾һ
һ䡰ˡԨ˵һöǿ裬ζλŮҪôӯ缫ΪңԶҪôͲˡ
Ԩл󣬷ҫʱѾۣһ˼û
ǣԨ֪ȥҲûʲôˡ
ǣлͷҫรɣϣܹôִӯ磬˵еġѰʳ


һſٵľ޴ȨȣǺӣһϢ
òӢİ峤Ȩǰ˰ţīɫۣƮţŵĲľܡ
ţֻʮĲأһֱ˪µĲɣС
Ȼѵ
૵ɫһӡ



һǧپʮ 
ԶǺɼڶʯɢš
ǰİǿգصԺУɸǧǰʢ
ʱ򣬻ǰڶǺӣɭֱ鲼ǳ洦ɼ
壬塢塢ѨˣҲ᲻ԶΪ˼ʶۣҲΪѰϡʯĽס
꣬ŵϸ˹Ϊλϻᶨӵ
籴³ӵǰ㡭
һǧ꣬Ǻ飬Ϊ˺͸ǿߵѪɱ

ɫįĲأһ̾ƽķӿĲ
޴ȨȣҲһīĹ⣬˲䴩͸Ǻ뵽

һ򣬲һٵľ޴Ȩȣ͵ֹס
ͫ΢΢һͿ޴ڵĲɫصĲȦĿռܣصĻ
κӰ졣
ңڴ˵һ̣״ģһȦȦĲɫͻȻˡ
ǺӵĹȵزãƱ˲ңȱں
ϢȻѰһ֣߼䣬ѵʲôϵ
üֻ˶̶̼룬ȷϴ˷ǺӣһȦȦĲɫȵֱʡ
ǣȵĻǲ֪٣˵еġѰǰʧ
ӯ磿
ռ䣬Ŀߣƺ׼ڽ£ǿ޴ʯ
ѰȷѰϢϸ˹ˣΪʲôǿֻ¶棿һ𡭡
ѪӦʱڸ;УǱߵս
ᵽѰϢѪȻ¶ʱһʱı⣬ڵǿԭפһĵ뿪
ΪѰ¹ش󣬼ε£Ҳ͸¶˿
Ϊ嵱峤һ峤ĿУ֪˺͡Ѱصܣ֪ͰԴϢϢصġѰڼǰͱ֪аʴӺǺʧ١
峤˵ġѰմа񣬲Ӧٴ
˵ġѰֻӹǺУȡŸǺܣɱ䡣
ʱġѰȻа˵Ĥݺ;ǵ
ֱ조ѰͻȻ䣬ʼеѪϣʱѰͱа֮
ӻԼҲŹҲ˲ʳ
زͻ飬Ҳ֪ѰʧΪһε峤˵ʱҲĪ
Ľ̻壬гһգѰٴҪ
һˣֻ
ңҪڸߵȼѪǿߣȥӽѰȻᱻаѪᱻūۡ
ϸ˹ǰ֮
ϽڵǿߣڽӽӦó˲ӡ
˼š
ȵĿռ֣û⣬վǾ޴ȨϷѪһܱߴڵĿռһȦȦĲ⣬ʧ
أ
ԶһƬɫɭĹХһӰȻ֡
ӰŰ峤شЦֹ
ϸ˹
غȻɫӿֳ޴ĲƺѾʶ򣬲պδ֪
˽սصغţҪҪð롣

κž޴Ȩȣٴη

֮ʯ
ԨȻۣѪСУȻɱео
оǰǺӣƾնһ˿
СȺ֮ӡ£ҫŲӲǹ⣬̳͡ҲƵĸо
ܶѵʯïɭֵĵط˲ľϢ֡
º⣬ϸӦһȻſ϶ضԱ³˵͹ϸ΢仯ǧſή֮أµҾýľٴ
ʶı³ûϴ𻰣ǿһߵĳˡ
˱ۣһʯԾ
۱³ˣ֪˿̵Ůʱ£Ǵڳ״̬ȫѵġ
ֻۣǲԸǣֻڵȺؼʱ̵ĵ
Ҳ£Ӧǲˡ
³ԥһ£ҽͣʮѪİ峤޾ǺߵǿߣѪܹÿήĴظաԲľûǰڶɭܲĴء
һɢĲľȻ֮ء
λĴߣߴ۷ѪսʿһѪʹ򱾾ͨ
Ʃİ壬ϺķѪܹǺѵ縴ԭ
磬ٴνСȥǿеĸʽǺˡ
Ϊˣÿݼأֲïܵɭ֣ͼޱȡ
̫ɢĲľܣһѪӰ죬γ˲ľϫӿ뵽أͺۡ
Ʃ磬һЩʯϣľݳ֣Ȼ󿪻
ԨҪĵ㡣ͻȻ
ң
ָָԼԨһĪ
дԣ˵ǸпɵµСӣΪǧ硣Ϊǧ㷢ִͻࡣҴЩˣ˵һЩ£ϲͼӴס棬漰櫣ͻѪ¶͡
ͷҥɢ
ԨȻʧЦ
ʲôɭ֮ӡȷʵΪ¶йɿɵµɵģеԩ
ɵǲصĶӣΪ㣬Щʲôѡ
ҪûǴɵǱЩӰɱġ³üͷԨ㲻õġǱߣˣһΪ͡ңǱż𾴵ġ
룬ǲڴ˷ǺӣӦûˣ㲻ؽ͡Ԩ⡣
ϸ˹͸ڱصãȵصġԴ֮񡱣еġѰԨֱΪҪԵģǰĲء
ôǿ£ؾǺӵߵĴڣҲѻȥ
ҪСκһλ۷Ѫսʿ³ɫȻǸλãԲȥֻлǣûеִһκβء
Ҳڴ˿̡
ۣž̬ɫĮ˵飬ڿԶÿռ֮ȦȦҲֱߣֱӾʹ͸գԾӯ硣ǣҪڲǰһִӯ硣




һǧپʮһ ֳִ
̤֮·ӯ硣
׳ġѰڶ̶ʱڣ׳
˿̵аǧ׸ߣֱǺӣ
һ֦ɣڴӸʽǺгȡӯ硣
һһľ޴ʯӯ磬ٱճ
ӯĵ򣬲֪䣬ǡѰһ
аͻָˡʻӯ磬ƺศɵġ
⼳ȡܣǷӯ磬ӯܲϵأ£Ǵѿȥʯ
ĴأѰռλãܱïʢľݣƬƬγɡ
ļǧӯ磬˶˵Ща񡭡
ǧսʿޣĴޣѾӯ磬ڵͻǣɾ
׷ףа׳֡
أ
ĵϸ˹վȻεصľ£Ǻӵһ˿¶ݵϣ¶Ŀ⡣
磬ЩĻη˵صĸսʿ
ҵһ죬Ѿǧꡣ
Ӱһθߣڴ֮£Ƿŵаһ֦ϡ
վڸߴ΢΢ۣ·𿴵˲Ǿ޴ȨȣٶӰ㻹С޵ʱҾͽ̵㣬֪㰵Ѫϸ˵㻹ҵѧ
ϸ˹ɫ䡣
峤֮λԭǴ㣬ʮѪҲ빰á㣬Ųңûȷ̬ǰһЩСŭң
ұԸƫҪȥ
ҾͲԸˣ
λĵѡİߣԽ˵ԽͳɫҲԽɭʱǧ꣬һҪûأҵϸĶ

̬һȺˣɶ˻㣬ҵس嵽ӯ硣
δأЩˣһǰ
ǿ־ط֣Ƕģһ֯ĻϪӣȻǵ֣ȼǵĻǡ
κεĻӦǵֱĹľ͸
жǣָһ˿ʱͿɱطǵѪ⾫ܣǣҲʧˡ
ǰֻһ񻰰ľռǧء
ǾǱδӴԡڵɫĹ£Ծ˵ٶţһؽ֦·ܴա
ҶӣٽԲȱˡ
ϸ˹һ㽵˵
ûһа֦ɣվڵر
λͨռޣйעŴϸ΢仯ʱһֱУŵĲɫвĿռ侫
һƬѤõĲɫ쳣Ŀռ𵴡
һ𣿡
Ҫһʱ䡣ռܣĻӣ̫УֻײҲӰܴ󡣡ϸ˹Ӧ
Ȼ˾һƬ𵴹򣬿ŲɫȻ£
һѣĿ׵ⶸȻ֡
͵ϸ˹۾;òʣòƿĿ⡣
ٴעʱͿӯմͻһ׵ʯվϤĺܶˡ
Ԩˣ³£顭
Ůʱ£
УؼֲģȻʮǰĲľҲ˶
³
ϸ˹࣬ѵĵһ˿㣬ôͲȰ
ȰˣҴҵˣѾ˵뿪ˡ³Цݿɬҡҡͷε˵ֻʵϷߣ޴ڵĿռܣʼڰӰǣ޷عҷ򡣡
º͵˿Ҳϵذ̾һɲԼı顣
Ħˣ·ӯ磬Ƿ·ڱصġѰԼޱСĸо
ԨҲΪ֮̾
Ȼǰ֪ͨն̨տӯ磬˾ĸġԴ֮šֱܸ۵ظܣ⴫˵еġѰжôӴ
ڶսʿĴޣʬޣ֦ɴ͸ڰյĻҲëȻ
Ԩģӯޣûĵˡ
࣬ҲʮŴƺںͺǱߵߡ

ޱأȻ˵˿һۡ
ͱ³һվһ֮ʯĵ˿ӯ磬࿴һȻһãȻأͼԾȥ
Ůʱµһ仰һ绮Ժ
Ȼг˿־壬ȻʶףʶȤشºͱ³վŵʯ뿪ԹԨԡ
ҵѪͻƣľȣױԻ󡣡˵
Ԩ˵ͷǾͱ࿴
ҪȥҪӯ硣ûпκˣԽߣԽܵӯӰ
ԨૣѰƺںδ
ͻȻ䣬һ˸ԺըƺȻƼһƬİǺӣһڶ֦ɴ͸ǳģ޵ľ
֦ҶïܣһƬƬɫҶ̵
ܼ֦ɣ·Ժ׵أνʻǳնɱھ;żѪսʿ
ಣ
еĻ棬ȻΪ֮һ䡣
ͬ޴һʯʳΣİǺУǾ޴ĹǳЩ֦ɣһҵı顣
ǾɣҶҵĻ⣬ǺӰ˷
ʯȻϤն̨
һĻ棬һš
ͬն̨һ۵Ѥصأһֻ͵ĲʵĻѡ
޴ʵĻǣȶصġԨ춴ŵѡ
ʵ֮򱬷Ѫ˲عȵνʥء
еϤ𣿡
ŮʱµĿ⣬һ
͸죬͸żڽȣѰ߰ˡ
ԨȻһ
һ̣ԺȻ



һǧپʮ ޵֮
صȣͬصѰȻԼǰ°ܽ
ѹ֣ʲôطѰ֡
ն̨ܣնգɱİԵΪ˵ԨҲ
ڶԵһңսĲΣһֱ۸ܡ޵С
һؼ䣬֮㣬ʶҫ
Ȼ䣬ֻѤõĲʵ򡰿ʯһҶȡΪն̨źݵһͷͷһֱڻ
ֻȣ뽫ɱ֮ն̨һεƿ֡
֪ȫµġʯʤ
սȻҲͲɱķˡ

һֻѤòʵһִն̨ĻǺ͵ѣòǱԨ춴ӹһ١
ȵˣȻ͸¶£̽ѰԨ춴ʹʧ˵⡣
ڡѰ
һĻԨоӦǵһң̰أĳǺӲϾȡܡ
顰ѰΪ˽ȡǺܣ»عء
ǿǿվޣǡѰ֣ϵĴڣȻҲһңֳն̨ĻѣҵϡãɼԼʲôˡ
Ԩȡ
㹻ãսͻһֱͬΪԪ񼶱ǿߣԳԽߣʵҲԽǿ
Ůʱ赭дôһبŲƵʵࡣ
ǣħĴħԪӵ޾䣬缫ԺʱѻƱҪ߳һء
˵ıģָǰĲأı³˹
ЩѪǿֲǿվ޵ģνǿ壬һ졣
ħԪ񣬺ǿվޣȴ㲻
Ůʱ仰һԨĥҲˡ
ϵ̩̹ûǰ˵֮ĳڣ·һ֡
Ȼ󣬱ǲԨ֮ľޡ
ʱǺӣһǿߣûб
Ԫħ峤Ҳħ峤ħ񱴶̹˹
Ѫħ峤йθ棬ڵĴħ׿ˣĿǰֻ塣
׿Ȼħһ¹ĴǺͱ̹˹һȣ㲻ʲô
Ԩϸһ룬Ҳζ
̹˹ֻҪûսͲȻʱۻһֱĬĬǿ
׿ˣѪħѪ֮ս
֮ǰҲѪħ循ž޵ǿһԻͣҲʶħ峤ϯλ
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ͳħڶȺ֧ģʼԪħ壬ʼΪ峤ı̹˹
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ڣǼλԪǿߣµĳǿʱ򣬸ǳ弸ͷġ
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תһ룬֪һң߳ǺʱΪŮӦóפݣδ֡
飬ʱֻǷֻѡ
Ҳû̫ܣ뵽ڵľ뢣ǿսС
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ԨĬĬ۲죬ˣӯǣѪ⣬Ǳңٱס
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ϸ˹֪֪࣬ȵûȰ˵ǳŵѹͨ
ϸ˹˼ֱڣķű³һ
ȺѰһ𣬸ıӯ硣һӯ磬ߵʴǺѪ⣬ѡ
۲ãôһֻۣҪǲԻûнӯ磬ûʲô¡
˵仰ʱмؿһ³ˣ֪ƽ£Ůʱµ֡


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һȼŵľ޴̫Яſֲ
ʯңǺӲȫӽʱ̿
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ھޣһֱ߶˿ռ룬Ȼһ㡣һˣǰΪֹһ𣿡
⻰һԨ뵽ԯҫϤˣҲ½
Ȼ͵ˣѣ
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Ůʱ俴һ£ûЩǿа֮޽᲻ʵ
ͨ˵ˡ
ףᣡ
ĵ˿һͷϤޣس֣һͷӯ磬ˤľը飬һ綾Ļӷɳ
ԨһӲȻܻ



һǧپʮ 
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еͷޣѪȼͣ޽Ǻзܣ̲ŵǾ˿ȻȫˡѰ׳֡
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Ԩͷȥע⵽Ѱһ񽣣Ҫղˡ
еǣ綾ϪᣬȻҲڳϿշɴܡ
綾Ϫ磬ꡱ죬ΪɫɫѪ
εĻ֮ϸһ綾ϪʩѹεĲɫҲڳ綾Ϫڿ£
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ǧףֻĳһ̣Ȼٴ䡣
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󣬽ٴβĵسӡ
ףǺôãǵһ飬ǲʵѰ˫£ȥ翹ġ
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ʧȥǵͨ޷ֱҲľƣޡ
ҶλԪڵھޣʽӯ磬֮ԪһλȥҪ

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ƺһֶԼıܱ
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⣬еħϣڶʴÿÿʹ
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ϰڸ߸ϵħּˡ
ˣλȱȥҲʮа˾ܡ³ҡҡͷԺݵ˽⼫ߣܿ͹۵ۣеġֻ㹻ϣʺ츳ԣ̫ϯС
ԪҲнһ졣氲ᱳߣѡڣҲΪܼȥˡ
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Զһиֳб׺ܼ
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Ԩ͵ֳӰȻκ׿
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Ԩ³С
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ҢԨ档
⵽κ׿һö裬ȻλڵھޣƤӹţƱĳֿܳ˿ҢֳҢӣƺѡ
˵ͷԨµӦʦӳ೾Ƶʲô裬Ңκ׿ȵĻӰ죬



һǧپʮ 
ӳ೾ҩʦĳһγǺӣ϶׼㡣
ԨҲţĳЩⵤ裬ﵽһƷ֮ӦпܵӪĻ
Ңܱǲ𣬸ĳֵĹЧκ׿Ҳˡ
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κ׿
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κ׿˿չֵƣƺҪǿһ֡
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ͽڵļ˪ԪڵĪ״ڵϣڵ̷ɽһرӹС
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κ׿ƺȻη壬κ׿󣬾Եþн
ԨͶһ񣬷ִɷħҲͷκ׿Ϊ£ܻĸ󻼡

ӯ磬εصġѰ棬ҡͷһ̾
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ȴĨɱڵôģ
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Ȼ̧ͷһλѨе֮ʯߺȡ
ԨɫĮվʯأͷȴû𻰡
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ֻϣ㣬ҵͺãҼ
еȻ룬Ѫӡ
˵Ŀ⣬ⷬؿԨ
Ԩûᣬһ£ѯŮʱ£ܹѰ鷳ɣ
΢΢ͷ



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ḽĵѨˣСƤµѪ⣬綾Ϫڣ͸һɸɬϢ
һʶһֱԨ
ʶڣͼƻӣ׼ȷ˹ᣬܡѰӰ¡
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Ԩˣڡκᣬľ綾ۺϣһҺ塣
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κ˺ݵأɢ䣬ɫƣɴڰգ鲼ڶ綾׳滨ݡ
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ûֻƬһʶС
ԨҲֻһǼ䣬֪һС
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ǣĿǰľ濴ỹĳһ̣ΪԸѰֶΡ
ǲС
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ŶҶˡ˵ͷ
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ءγɵľ޴κ׿üë罣ɫ۾غȵZҢ
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κ׿һ£ɻǺԥأӲZҢС
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½أģΪͷžηԲƲ硣
š˵ͷһҲҪˡ



һǧپʮ 
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Ĵ߱³һ˵ҲЦ
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ǣŮʱ¶ȻѪ֪У˷·ޡ
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㣿Ԩ
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޴ᣬŮʱûһţ͵ӯ硣
ǧףѼΪӴ󣬿䵽ӯԺ󣬺ѳɹģġѰһȣԵòֵһˡ
˿̵ġѰ׸ߣռذ
һؽط֦ɣϳЩ䲻׳ɳ˿

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˵⻰ʱİ峤߲ѡ
ʱԨҲԹ񣬿˿³
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Ҳ֪ϸ˹׼İУǵڡ
Ϊߵı³˵ϸ˹ĺˣǰԼƿصõϸ˹ھ
Ϊ˻ر³ϸ˹ȥⳡƽʱһֱȰ³뿪º͵˿
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³еϸ˹Ħκ׿ˣҲ˵һ仰ɫ
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壬ǰĸӹȺڰİ£ֵȺ֡
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Ľһֱ͸İֱһޡ
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κ׿ɵߣغĹء
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˿̵κ׿е裬ҲܵĻ
һءУһž죬һҫ׵ͻȻҪΪһޡ
κ׿Ǵ㣬׵糤ޣסħӡء
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ԪڵZҢǹЦݣŲκ׿ҡҡͷ
ԱߵĳҢһãȻ
ΪʲôZҢҪֹκ׿ˣΪ˫ĳԹ
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СӣԪںͳħڵĶԹûϵκ׿һ˦ZҢֻ֣кݵĹأֻҪǺӣԴ½ͼ½ߣ͸ͬ۹ã໥
κ׿ٴЦ̤ݣصĻһ߿ţҲ֣
ҩڵĳҢκ׿һϯĿ¶⡣
һΪںݵ˽𣬵Ǻӻ໥ƹǺݵʹ类ǿߴĳȥˣκ׿ѵ
κǰ˵ǣʵͷ֡ZҢϵЦݽӲˣѵһ󣬼æͣӦҲ˵ˣԯǸħŮӣԨкĹϵҾʩԮ֡
԰³ǵģǸʲôԯκ׿ʱӦ
˵ħյһӣ츳ΪܲԕFأԨҲľ
ֻǣκ׿һ֮ݵλҪ̫ˡ
ԨҲǾ½صԺ󣬲ر
ԯĻֻѹûϡ
ZҢһ˵κ׿Ȼ׹ûŶ֣ȿһ˼
ʱ·ӯ磬ǿþ޴аطѡ

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ƬƬĲɫӿλ峤ԱߣĿռ䡣
ѰȻͻƣ
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񽣰֦ɣ޴Ľƣһ鼫ұĳ˶ڡ
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Ǿ˵ĺѩܣԨڣŬرʲô
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ССأһӻҵԨϢصضԴǰڷ£Ϊʲôͷ߱Եĺѩܣ
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ѩܺǺɵЦţڱʾлë׵ĲɷħѺõز˲䡣

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һӣͶǧɷħá
и̨иĻ꣬ɷħĵȽͻָտɴ
˷ܣϽԨϲЩ̨еĻ꣬ɷħļѻġ



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ԣκ׿ɷħĸ󻼡
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ڵκ׿Ա̬ģʯΡȻ
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оκ׿;߱ٽһھڣ۷
֮ԻͣڣԲκ׿ľ硢ԡ;߶֪㡣
ȫΪǡءδԵʱ䣬ƺԼ
ƸоĹǣκ׿һ̬м
ңκ׿Ϭ񣬻⿴һӯ硣
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Ԩ԰ģ΢Ѷռ
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꣡꣡
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ں֮󣬺ܿع۷壬Ϊǿɷħ֮һ
оԨ⣬ҲԵúܸˣϵؽ͡
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ԨĽ٣ն̨չ¶ȥݻŲȱۻȣΰѳסӯ硣
Ӷ˳˻ᣬܶ֮ȡľܡ
ԽԽǿۻὥή
Ψһ벻׵ǣ˵΢Ԩִն̨Ϊʲôܹۻֵӯ磬ѣصĵ飿
ȫΪն̨ܣ
ն̨ƾʲôƺǿۻܹȿӡڵص׵ģһ֯Ŀռ䷨ѣ
ͷƤҲ벻ס
Ԩξסն̨轫룬ܡ
ն̨·һ֣һ鼡⣬һ첲อе٣򡭡
Ѫʹעն̨Ѫʡ
ûκεͣûĲʡ
ն̨ͷųĻǹ⻪ĸоУеŤ磬еηģеһĴ棬еģǴĽɫ⣬Ľ
ǵĹ⻪ǧΨдﵽ۷飬Կһ
Щ⻪ɢݣڴݲӯĵƻŵײĽṹ
ڤڤУԨоһȱݡ
ն̨
ɰڷ½أѹ壬ڲһͷƽǿ飬Ǻеĺ£Ϊһڼն̨ǣӯķ򣬽һϢ䱬
ȣǿۻ̼ش
ڰ㣬ܸ翹ڳ˵£֧ţѵط첹
Ůʱһ֮Ӳλϴڵ׳٣ͬˡ
Ԩ̧ͷȥǵ֦ɣ·ӵʱǰ㽾ôҫĿľӰ
Сĵϸ˹
ƸӦעӣ˵һԺ
Ԩ
עԷֳһλһİǿߣֹȻû˴˵ټ
Ա̬վаһƬҶӵȣõء
ıƬѤõĵ¶δ֪
ңԶģϵģɲȵϢӡһƬӿ
νġԴ֮šǡԴ֮񡱵а־ܽ˷Ǻӵý顣

ɫģҺɫģںڵƣȻǴ̵ɣžžأԴڳ˵ĻҰ罻֯
ԨȻɫ
͵̧ͷһޱİȴңԶֲδ֪Ϣ
һ˫ӨӨ·ͱͿĨһҺɫȼϡ
ľȨȡ
˵ĵХڲصԺͬʱ
ػеԵأľȻأӿǿô̵
һʱһ顣
оһƬɫӰȻȥ
ôһ׹뵽˵еġԨ춴ƱصġԴ硱Ҫʧȥʶ
Ҫνۻʴ
ǵ棬˿̵ȣϸ˹ǰ㡣
꣡
ħḽҹӣԹ̬Ťһ綾Ϫ˴˲黨㣬šһ
п֣֮ҹڣק綾ϪӺұ֯
ͺ
еĻ棬类쫷紵ͻȻҲϨˡ
Ԩ̫Ѩͻͻرֽն̨ҲûľȨȡͬܳһңԶϵδ֪ʴȴӰ졣
غѣһ֪˿ڷʲô
˿Ҫģǽն̨֣
Ȼ󣬼ܡѪʹĽϵն̨ɢĹԣȥݻӯ簵صĵ
Сӡ
ϸ˹ڶ
ϿݵİߣһʱĴ˾ͱ³ͬտȺѪȲ֪ܶࡣ
˿̵ĵϸ˹ţȻһƬѤõϡ
ԨŤͷȥȻıֻʣһƬ
ȡԴ֮šһȣڵϸ˹̿ʵš
Ҳһ̣Ԩظоϸ˹µġԴ֮šϵɢţңԶģϵģɲȵδ֪ܡ
ȣչֵĵһԴ֮šʵա
ţӯܱߵģصģڴԶģڡԴ硱ܡ
һգһš
ڽţĳܵĽƽ⡣

ϸ˹΢Цţָ֣յն̨
ļƣڵԨԼݳն̨ȻֱµġԴ֮š׼صġԴ֮񡱣ȡʮѪ۷徳磬



һǧ һƬ
ԨһãȻ
λϼ˾ĵţҪն̨
ңֵôȻ
Ȳ̸Լϸ˹Ůʱ£ǲأѵĲɣ
һʱնȻƹܰãϤӯ磬վ֮أǺӣȫİˡ
·̼䣬һ磡
ˣأӯ߿е飬б³ˣ١
𾪵ǣͶɷħҲϵ
͵ϸ˹Ľ£ֻһȦȦŵĲɫÿһȦɢƺ˲ͬʱա
ԨȻʧɫ
ͻȻʧ٣˶ûֹ˵ԷͬСɣ
Ȼľ֮࣬о磬ֵĶ޿ݼţİ
һȦȦĲɫǴӵϸ˹¿ʼ⵴ϸ˹·ģǸƶ֮㡣
Լ͵ϸ˹£ɫµ·޾ĺڰ
ԼԼ䣬Ӵ󵽲飬ڲɫµĺڰлţҵײҪ
ӯʧˣҲڣȫһİء
ԨΪ֮
Զĵϸ˹͸һңԶģϵģزɲȵİϢڲɫ֮¡
İģδ֪ϢԨǲİ
ģֻãĳͶӰأûܽβĿ
ֻôһͲӿ
Դ磬Ԩ춴
һ䣬оԼ·վˡԨ춴ڴ
Դ֮־ٵĵϸ˹ƺǲɫ£Ǻڰδ֪֮صĳشڡ
ѵ˵֮µ޾ڰԨνġԴ硱
ݴ˵Ѫ޷롰Դ硱ֻǣԻǹȥ衣
ң
Ԩ飬źն̨Ľϵ
ʶСһڣҲն̨䣡
¡
Ļһ壬ͱ뵽ɫ֮£ǲ֪صؽ硣
ɲʲôͰĸء

ϸ˹ٴοڡ
䣡
Ӱ˼άʶܣͻȻסԨԹԵأն̨
ԨҲȷʵǷ·֮ĵĵϸ˹ȥ
ĵһңƱزɲȵϢ
Ȼһ޴꣬չӴӰݷ״̬
еԨͻȻԭصһģ
Ϊն̨Ϊԭ㣬֮
ϸ˹ͻȻĬˡ
ʱԨеظܳǵľ޴ֻ꣬һӡԭʼۼ
ɾôһӡĳ֣ŵն̨ų⣡
ǰǻǵģӯͷŵĹ⻪ǿ˲֪ٱ
꣡꣡
ԡϸ˹Ϊĵ磬ͻȻ䴫죬ҿʼΧŵϸ˹ת
ÿתһܣ˷һƬ
Ԩ͵ϸ˹վĲɫɵϸ˹ڵģǲƶ֮㵴ɣ״µĵӿȥ
ɫ£Ԩ֮ڵȻ֧šϸ˹˫š
ϸ˹Ȼ˫Ź̶ȴھһε

ѵƬŤĹӰ޺İεһ䡣
䵽ɫ˲ûȫԨͺڰ
ͻȻһ㱣ԨѣȻͷն̨վһĥ̴СʯϷ
ӯ磬ȻѾڣ
һСʯϷǿεϵĳˣ˥ܻҰȴǿȻ
峤ѪӾżٴαһ˼Ѫսʿ
˿̵űǰĵϸ˹ȻҪԵòϡ
ԨЩңϽѰͿһʯϣۻġѰ
յľСǧ򱶣Ȼа׸ߡ
ǣȴԵ֦Ҷïʢɢޱǿа
£վڱ̬ȣз˼ʮĵϸ˹
ĵϸ˹ģ㣬͸һѲϢƸոճʲôʵڷؾ׽ʣȴǼµܡ
Ԩ͵һ
ٿԶط֣ѵ޴ڵĸʯ·ȫ˳ʧĸɸɾ
ޣݼţİĸоǿգ
һƬš
ոն̨ȻǷأֱһģһ
ޣδڱĵطоںڲ̵ǺӣֵĸǺܴڡ
Ũ򵭱ȴһУ
ڣоһ˿
ûз磬ûۻ֮⣬ʵҲûһƬҰ
ˣ
Ԩ૵һӻûӦĥʲô
ǳˣزˣȺСġѰҲڣԼûѳ
ôһ׷ʲô
Ԩڻˡϧ̫ˡ
µĲأųԶһʯԨɫӣ͸ŨŨƣ͵䡣
ˣԨãȻ
ûˣظʯܣˡɹؿˡۻĹʵ˵ϸ˹޵ңϸ˹ڲú󣬽ΪʮѪսʿȡڰĵλ
صѾļȶʵ
Ԩľ
ôһǣΪ֮أܱѰûа˹ʵ
޷
Уڣ³ԯκ׿أ
֮ǰڶߣôһѵȫˣ
ûֻ̫Զ̫Զ޴ӸӦˡ
Ůʱѵõģ̾ϢһҲԵΪΡ
ǱѾ׳ɳĶҡҡͷ٣Ұ㱣סһҲһ
س˿ЦҲǿЦʲô˵

ģɳۣ֮ͷţһѤõĿռͨ
΢΢ӭļƣ롣
̬ȣǵϸ˹С



һǧ 
ȣ͵ϸ˹̽롰򿪵ͨ
ҲûУ͡һš
ָĵϸ˹ǰͲأ¶Цݡ
ˣûʲôرٶ
УϷŮʱ£ʼճĬؿţûгȥֹƺ֪ľѳۣʲô仯
ĵ峤ֻ̾Ϣ·Ҳˡ
Ԩ֪Դ֮ڴ˷ǺӵıûȫʤӦҲõҪĽ
һͷţǿôɫϲ˵»ġľȨȡ
ؿɬһЦվǲٵȨ֮ϣҡҡͷ˵Ҳ벻ǧʱ⣬ܱΪսǺӣ̲ôܣ׳ɳ
չܣӱѵʯУһЩ̨ڣİǺУͻȻһһӿֳ
ʶǧǿߣޣ
󲿷û뿪սʯɢǺӣкѪۻܡ
Ҳ£ʵԶ֪ĺƵ
ǿöֻǰѪĹȣƩᣬбĸˡ
ȵڣָ츳ĶֱӴǿУȡа֮
ӶƲɵѸ׳Ȼ֦Ҷïܣٿ

ԨŽµʯ˺ͲطȥҪŪ׷ʲô
ǿۻ࣬ľܳɳ
ϸ˹˹ʵһڲú󣬽ʮѪ
̾
ԨµʯͣΪľȨȡƯŵĳˣеû°ɣ
֪ΪΣоŮʱµ״̬Ҳرá
ƺҪ˯ļ󡭡
ٵϸ˹ġԴ֮־ʱԵȺͶ֣
ն̨һʧն̨ȺͶȻƺ⣬ҲʧЧˡ
ӯıȻҲֹ֮ס
ûָ۷սĲڱ˲úõĵؽ磬ͬϵھ¡
˵ˣˡ
һɫĮƳ̬ӵĲһۣ㻹ţľȨҲУٲһͿء
ֿԨǶûѾܹܵĽˣʲôԹ
ؿ̾Ϣ
𾴵İ峤ǺߵѪǿߣһӵ䵽˼ѪʧȥеһУȷʵԽܡ
Ҳʵ̫
ǣ뵽Ժĵϸ˹ʮѪǺӣȥ£ԭİ׺ӡ
ϸ˹ıվųĶСԴ硱˭ֵܵ
ˣû𣿡Ԩʡ
ı֮أ󲿷ֶšޱأ˵ƾǧڴ˷ǺӵѾ㹻졣Ҳض˼֦ɴ͸ı߽磬ֺá
ԨʱԷġ
Ȼ˵ұȻ䣬һİأһƬļźޣһ㡣ϸ˹վɫĺ棬ǲƶ֮ģ棬͸޾ڰԨϢӴڡ
Ԩϸ©أޱϸأ֮ǰǷ

Ҳ׵÷ǳרע飬Ψ©һ֣ϸڡ
֪ǡԴ֮񡱵־һڴ˷ǿշſֽŵʩ
ҪŪУΪ⡰Դ֮񡱣ж͵ϸ˹׼
ͨЩʲô𣿡
˵ԺԨˣ̡
Ůʱҡҡͷңȫִյ棬ں͹ȥļϣ֪ûⷽӡͼ䡣
ͣ٣ֵȻأһ²ؼ̬ȣ֪ġԴ֮񡯣ڼӵֻǿöͿҪͻƵĵϸ˹
ɵ鷳£ֲȥӦñ̹˹ڣкݵͷۡ
˵仰ʱȻеֻΨ²ҡ
ԨȻ
ΪţɳԴ֮͸Һθɣ
ƲƲ죬ۿһ²أֻǡᣬһѣסڵʥ飬ܻ
͸һźϧǣûнǿŹʵӵϸ˹㡣
Ԩ
Ԩһϸ˹µĹʵ棿
˵ͷľ꣬׿˵Ѫɫ飬֮壬̺ԴԴȫǹѪǿϽĹʵ̺һֲľ
ˣԺ󿴻Ե˵ɡ
⣬֮ǶٴðͷӦûʵһΣץסͿˡ
ԨȻʧɫ
ţɳϸ˹ʮѪԴ֮񡱵־ǿˣиද
ɳ¶飬ǰһУ·ʲô
̫¡
ҲȫûεʧʲôɥС
ֳĮͲ⣬Ԩһ㣬ⳡޱ䣬ӰԼᶨϵĵġ
ͻԶ
Ԩüһֻ֪㣬ǰġ
û£ͷѩӦҲţ˴Ҳû
ʱ;޴Ļ㣬سҰ
ڻ޳Ĳ֮ϣ˿վλߣһŮ
λˣȵųˣԶǱΡΡأڻĲϹһ߽ģ˵ʲô
λߣݺᣬ
߰վеĳˣԳͣ˵ͷλ̧߲ͷ
ܵ𺳣λУϵһλ
һλڲصļУȵϸ˹䶼Ҫ󣬾˵ȥû뵽ٴ
¬ǳϣǡ𣿡
ص֣ԽץšľȨȡϵĿ٣Ż㲱ϣλŮԵˣ˲š
һͷҰɫͷڻĲëƺΪһЦŵ˵ͷ
ȻСأ˵㲻ǰػߣΪĲ
˵ʱĲָ˭Զ
Ȼ㣡
ؾϲӣļУ¬ǵˣһΰ峤Ϊ𾴵
һ峤˵¬ӵŲ֮Զȥ
ڲִơľȨȡ˰峤ú󣬾ǱߴѶϢ˵¬ˡ
û뵽Ѿȥ¬ǣ̬ͬӵˣһŻ֡
ǲԶǧأˣӭĻع顣
ˣҲûȥˡ
𾪲ʱƮȻȥһ󣬾͵˻ͷԨ˵ôһ仰
ˣڻ㲱ȴףȻزŻ㡣
λȻͬ
ءأԨɫӵ
Լء
˾һ£Ȼֿأòɵ̬ȣ˵Ѷ䣬ӽ𣬰һȫҡ
һĲ֪롣
Сأ㻹ִԲ𣿡¬ǳȡ
ඥ㣬ĵ峤ȻǵͷԶĳ񣬵ѭָ



һǧһʮ 
ûʲô˵߾ߣˮ
Ԩۿֻ㣬һХ£չԭȥ
޴Ȩ֮ϵĲأ֮Ҳȸ档
ǰľȨȡںǽнԶ
һĻ棬ʹӡԨʱһĸ
𣬰ݵλһŤתߵ
彫ٴδλƲɵ𣬰Գš
Ȼ󣬾Ƕػ㣬ػ塣
˵ѣľ£ʮĻع飬λŷ·нľעһȫµĸ߶ȡ
λʲô˲ֻ˻ع飬ʮѪ
壬һʮǿսʿ֣ڶżսʿ˶ð
ôȻȻأֻعһС
ȻԼκʹ
κԨ˵ͷȻһЦ
Դ֮񡱵Ĵ֣ʽ˴Ǻӣ˵һս
ȵͶϣͣеϸ˹Ĳַڴ˵Ĺ£սѸٵشȥ
ڶǻȺħ壬ޣŮ
ݵ壬ڣǿվޡ
ȥ룬Ԩ֪еȺǿעԴ֮񡱣ޱȵӴ¡
λߣӭŻعĳˣкܶҪ¡
ޣݼţİǿУԨһˡ
ǿ鲻ʯϣضȻ󰲾ţ˼š
ʱ־ٵϸ˹ġԴ֮񡱣λûпԼ֪֪ԼĹ
ǵһԴ֮񡱾쵽û
֪ˣλԴ֮񡱽Щʲô
ȣ͵ϸ˹Ϊãûп֣ܳԼǰϮɱĿܣ
Դ֮񣬵ʲôࣿ
Ԩ齥أܵĴܣĬĬظ̡
ն̨Ѳͷ⣬³ѨϣԸӦһ£;Ҫؼʱ̣һҵĻӡڻӶն̨ľزڵĵؽ硣
͵ϸ˹ȡǰ㣬ҲԴ֮ʴˡ
ӶΪʵͽľΪ
ʵأ˼пصĶ˴
ľȨȡҲѺǿóĶػ
˵Ķѿܻᷢⷽ޵ǺٶȻ졣
쵽ǻͺѩܣͱ³ˣӶ
Ļ
Դ硭
ͨԨʶأ˿¡
ãֻǿտޣ纣Ĳɫ
£ûԨ޾ڰҪӴδ֪顣
ԳĳһЦն̨֮ĽʣѪ̻
һһظţţٽȥŴ˷޵Ŀռ䣬ûдʲô
ûûз磬ûйԴûжܴܸоܡ
޷оն̨ʺҲܴе磬ۼ˺΢ܡ
ԣǿվеԨᣬΨһܴԨںܾ֮ǰͿʼ̽ǿյı߽磬ڱ˰һ˵ǿ֮أĻļźޡ˵ġǿƬޣǻļ֮ػ
Ԩ˼ڤ롣
Ԩᣬ᲻ڲɫ棿棬ײſռʲôؽڣǵӴδ֪飿

һͷ⻮Ժ
ڴ֮أûʱԨôţҲ֪˶á
뱾һ䣬ԴƬ޿ݼ֮أǧޡ
ǣûʲô塣
֮򣬻޿ݼš
⣬յʲôû
޴Ĺ¶У֪ʲôʱӿͷ·磬ޱߵĿռ䣬ֻһֻһʶš
ʵϣҲȷˡ
񣬻ڵطţ޾
֮£ľעȫǵ̬񣬲ȥʩչһЩ
ط֣ڴ޿ݼ֮أػţû̫ġ
ȥ߶ΪʱҲ֮ǧ򻯡
Ϊ޴ģħӰ񣬻ɽ룬Ϊ
ЩãȫԵ׾٣һѶȶû
⣬ĸ֪쵽ļޣҲƺȵǿ
ಣ
һѨϵġ֮Ȼɳ뵽á񣬾ȻʼϴӾţе΢Сǡ
Ȼ󣬸ġ֮ɳƱٻ
Դڿ־֮ءԴͷģһġ֮ʣࡣ
֮ÿÿܹ͡ննаʱܷӳΪֲ
ڣǵġ֮һӶ˳
Щ֮Żǣĸ֪ϻۣԣйغǵȻȫؽ
͵ʶû죬ܳ޳ɳ
ǡ棡
ڷǰն̨еѪ꣬ǵ㡰֮Ҳ
·С֮ǣն̨Ҳܵõĳ
Ԩ𾪣ԡ֮˸棬Ҳȡͷ
ǣ֮ƺֻڿ־֮شڣԶԴͷ
øġֻܻ֮غݴ磬ȥǿ־֮ء
ݼҵ棬˿־֮ص߹Ҫܻع飬Ӧûնµĵġ֮Դ񣬿ٸѨеСء
ף
Ԩ
֪ôңԶģһ֮أħ·ˣͷӬҴܡ
޸֪Ļ档
һ״񣬱ħķλ
ûǣʣ綾ϪħᣬҺ̬һӰϾͿ־Ҫӡ
ҡԨѶ
ɫ󻨻̵ᣬѶһ͵Ρ
Ϊһª̬㣬㻹ţſڽܿջã·һʱա
Һǣ㾹ȻšԨԴȡ
֪ΪΣǰᣬ綾ϪӾĹҺȻ룬Уܽʳһ˿ʶʣ¡
ģԴ̬˵ƺûʲôѶȡ
ʱһȻӦ仯ԭӰһ
·ɷħڶɷħгġ
ܵ˴ֲ֨֨ţסغˡ
ԨҲûб㣡Ҳ֪ӯ磬ΪͻȻܣаͻȻ賤޵ش졣
Ůˣֻչ˰Ĳأң
ֲˣô죿ֻӣ飬ڵκ׿ѩܻһӵԶԶġ

һˣһߴСУ˵ί
ӹ̬ԨУᵽԴݻĿֲΪԨѣԲϵؽš
ı֣Ԩٴʶˡ



һǧһʮһ 
ħľԨ֪ˣǰĺܶϸڡ
ӯͻȻ䣬ʼڡԴ硱ܡ
ܵĳ֣˶Ҳȵս
ķ֦ɣ޴ʱӡԴ硱ӿҲ˳ӡ
ڣٶȲǿ쵽޷á
ܵӯľ䣬ܹһлŵĿֲۻĲ赲˽ȵѹơ
ǣ룬ڱ˵Ȱ˵£˷׷׳ߡ
ħҲֻ֮һ
֮ٴڴ˷֮س֣Ϊڵκ׿ڵ塣
λ׻ɱҲ⣬ηֻ֮ˡ
ˣ򱣳ŽڱıصشȺת
Ԩתһ룬֪ǻߣʵڿ־塣
־صġԴ֮񡱣ȺͶھƲǰóȻ룬±Уһ³
Ͼ뿪Щˣκ׿ZҢ˰峤أλѪǿߣӯ磬ѪҲ˱
ƾ㣬˭㣿
İ壬˵ȼǿߣеһ̽
ǣ뵽ʮǰֻԺ棬ͬ·磬ǰҲضԴ
ģӦҲᴳ룬λʮǿߺлʤĿܡ
ȻֵǺƣǶôĸӣǿҲûܣʱ;ӿһеؿˡ
Ԩһ֪³º͵˿Ӧ˻ҷ
飬롢ĦһˣȥͳɳǰֻħԨĿռ
ܿ죬ԨŪ״
һ뿪ĳˣֻ㣬λϣһˣħᲢûԲ
Ԩ²⣬˺塢أȥ˰
ģҷķөɳȻǰ
һֱҪͳȥģǰ
κ׿ڵļһкݵЩҴߣƩڵǸСӦöȥɳ򡣡Ĭʱأȥ
ݴģǸƶǺӶɿڣҪѡµ㡣Ƭȫ޿ݼ֮أѾΪǺӶɿڵŵ㣬Ҳûʲôˡǰҷֹǲȥùͷ
˵λҷľżսʿڷөǣһڡ򺮾ʱͨӭĽ١ԣӦҲûʲôˣѡʱȥө򡣡
ڰ򡭡
˵⣬ǾҺ̬·ڲ
аľϸ˹ܻܿὫΪǵһĿꡣΪһҲǱ鲼ɭִʺϾɳ׳󡣡
ͷڲκħⳡصѺ󣬷·Ҳ˱仯
ȫ˰侲˼ţһߡ
Ӹѣɺǰ磬仯֮󣬿νǷ츲أأİ
ʲôԴ֮񡱣ǰûûϵ˿ֲ
粼ذǿߣĪأаѪ䵽żɢĲ̬һصԨȻޱȵС
̫Ĺ£߸֪ò˼úȥԼ
Ԩһһ߻صͷ
κ˾ȥɳ򡣡
ᰧңȻҴȥڣڵˡ
Ҿ
Ԩ䲻ȵػӦһ䡣
֮ѡɳ֪顢ˣǽֻͨħԨִɳ
ͬģʱҪҲǴɳ
ڣ̻ͨǿߣյѶϢ쿴״Ҳôɳ
⣬֪壬һԨ͡
صԨŨĺģŪԨ͡Դ硱ǲһ£ʲôܡ
ԨᣬȻΨһܴԨľޣǻ飬ⷽ˿
ȵšԨȵ
ȣʲô
ң
֪˶ãԨı̤ն̨Ӵ˷޵һˣѭϵѰ˹
֪ȥɳ𣿡
Ԩһһͬʱʻ
ħҡͷʧˣ֮ⷽأûκܱĶǰң¶ֲ塣
ȻˣȴŰɡȡ
һǼ䣬ʧӰ
ڴ˷޵ǺӣسΣٶȼѸݣķţǧٱ
ûκܣûѵʯǿղ͸кǵʣʹ谭
ͷų񣬶ܵ΢С˴˵ڰ㰿ˡ
ǼԦɷħԭȵ򣬴һ߽磬һ߽磬ҪµĹ
ڣڴ˱޵֮أεһƺĲ̫ʱ䡣
һǼ޵Ѱɳķ򣬺öλñħѰ
أصˣƬҷı߽硣
ҷǱߣܿ貵ķҫܿһҫơ
ҷĸʽܣڵ֮أƴĳȻޡ
ţҷӣȥ͸
ͬģҷ޴ڵǺܣۻ֮ľ綾⣬磬Ҳûӿ롣
վŵǺӣǵޣڣȴҷŽޡ
˫ˮˮμκ
֣Ϊ棬Ҳԡ
ԥãţٴκХ
½ķөأг˵˽İ
ҷһ£өͰǱߣҲκǿܣע˷޵ؽ硣
ŵٱϿɡ
ȥǸŮʱʮǰΧŹɵǺӣֻûûгޡ
ȻǳһƬǿУǴŸʽܵģֻǽΪϡ
ߣǲһġ
򣬻ЩνģĻɢΪŵʵֻУûʻ顣
ټһ򣬻иʽӣеǳ߱
Ǵ˿̵򣬸ûǳ½أûκܸ֪ܣûйԴͷ磬һš
Ԩ裬ѰŲͬ
ֲ֪˶ãܵ˵ɳ򡭡
ԶԶȥɴ֯ǺӣȻŻŵ򣬻עŸܣ
ͬҷ򣬲ͬөͰɳںܣˡ
ȻԨĸоеŤɵȷˡ
˵ķ֣Ԩĵһ²⡣
ţΪ˵еԨᣬûɳ򣬲ɳע޻
ûңʼȥɡ
ɳ򣬶ƬŵصЧʿʱ䣬п޵ٴγܡ
Ҳǳϡܷ£Ϊȫµǳ磬δ֪
ɳ
Ԩͨͱϵͷų
֪һ޵ؽıѾħᶯڵλÿ£ֻǣѪ˲ϢǧҪܳʱ䡣
űδ񣬾ڱ߽紦ع۲ɳ
Ҳ֪ڴ˿ɳıûǿĴڣѾڵȺ
֪꣬ɷħǷҲڴ򡣡
Ƭ֮أǻһ㣬һ̬뵽ɳ򣬾ͻԵ̫ðա
һλִơءκ׿ڱصؽȺ¡
뵽⣬ʶس
ħڿ۲ţɳ򱣳ž룬ĬĬȺ򣬲֪˶á
һΡ칬Ȼɳıظ֣ԡ
ܼ󣡡
Ԩ𶯣Ůʱµİ£ѹλڵһǿߡ
ĿֲԴ֮񡱵ԤıΪӯʱܼ͵س֣һ
ɲܼûӦƳ󣬼ʱ˳ˡ
ΪΣҪ֣



һǧһʮ ·ͨ
ԨأɳĹϢ
ڴ˿̵ɳ򣬳ܼ⣬˭
Ϊڣһĵһм̳ߣϣν㾡ϡʣȻϣ¡
ڣǿơ
ɵĹͷʵĹΣڱصؽͣţŲûҪ˷޵Ĵ㡣
ȻѾԨȴֻǰﰲȺ
֪˶á
вܼĹһĹ⣬أ޵ԨضԴ

ಣ
ܼԦĹƬʱҲΪţһֱС⡣
Ҳľ£ֲ֪ġԴ֮־ȻӿԨԶʧԼ
ӣɳĽ֮أʱ䣬СؽһΣȴʼղ롣
ֻǣһ˷֮أûзʲôޱ䡣
Ŀǰ飬й۲˷޻ĵؽ쳣ȴǿߵִȼ֮ȥӯıأúÿһ
ȻԨ񡭡
Ԩ
ܼȷУԨҪţСӣȻţ
Ԩԣ̾һԹԵ˵Ȼֻ񣬵Ҳˡ٣㻹ع־֮أתа׹ǵڣ㻹Ϊ˵ϣҲеź
ƺ̫ûˣȻԨ񣬻ϻͻȻ򿪡
ɫԨһĪˡ
̬Ԩɫ죬ûżӦĹ˳ƿ򹬵棬ûбð
һСᣬֻвܼһŷɣΪʲôұˣ
κ׿ZҢصϢġλڵţԲ죬Եһ̽ʵ㣬ڣ
ҡҡͷܼһ˼СӻǺ˵ͷ
ԣ
Ѹҷùﻹû̫ƽսŪ˿ֲĲˣ
ܼԨı飬·
㶼˵ʲôԨε˵
˺սʱƾʧǺն̨һ𡣲ãĵϸ˹ƺԴ֮־Դܣӯͷš
ܼ渵
˵Ƿͨκ׿ZҢ˵൱
κ׿ǳʱ;ó˻ܣǶľ׳󵽲˼飬֦ɶһʯȡսɢܡӯ籬ʱԴܣɢսޡ
ֲ˼䡣
Ԩһ󣬡ɳ򣿡
ֹңκ׿ZҢдӺݶǿߣҲͨҴȥƶǺӶɿڣӿɳ򡣡ܼδ̹Ȼ˵ԨһȰ֮ǰʲô㣬ɳ򡣡
ΪΣԨ
㲻Ļ
ܼһۣҪǴǰ˵ҴһѶϢҲô㡣
ɫȻϾޱȡ
Ҳ㣬ɳѾˡˣҲˣĽսξ䣬صԴ磬ȣҪȡصĵϸ˹ȵЩ
ܼͷһɳ򣬡ڱصؽ磬Ϊڵݹˡ
⻰һԨ񶼲һ¡
ڵƵԪ񾳴ޣ֪ߣΪⳡޱ䣬صġԴ֮񡱣Ʋɳ
ѹ֡
ǣ⣬Ȼкݸǿ߸ϸڴˡ
ЩӦöҪŪڴ˷֮أʲô
񣬻ʱӦ롣ڵȱԪ޽٣
飬ҵɷħԯʲôԨȵ
ԯǳħڵˣʲô£ħڵ¹Ҳˣͷҫţһͷѩܣ˵Ǳ˷ө飬Ǵ󶦣֮ûִǰռ䣬Ѳ֪ټ
ᱳ˺ݣûͨռߣֻܿ롣
ܼ˼䡣
ԨİҲ֪ΪҷǱߣİʱөλżޣ˳غ⣬ִƶǺӶɿڡĲܼѡɳ
ǺӶɿڡһָǱ֪ʲôΪ֮𶯡
ǿ֮١
ʲôܼȲ̸ǺڵĶţʧ֮ȥ˺δǳˣǻȣǶǲǻ棿
½ִɳǿߣսϸأ̽һ
ܼ󣬵ȻͨԨõϢΪ׼
µǣȺǿ߾ӿ뵽ƬԲȵĿֲһ߽
Դ֮붯ǿߣڲĻϡ
ġ
ԨǶξһ˵Դ֮־ٵĵϸ˹һأȻͨն̨˳ȥ
ǵؽĳֻǼ˵˵
֪ܼ󣬡Դ֮ıѾɹˡ
ϸ˹ͻƵʮѪǴ˵еġѰ֮󣬳׵سɳ
ЩԴ֮񡱵࣬Ѵʧ
Ȼǽһµжɴʲѡ
˵ˣԴ֮񡱵־ͨκεġԴ֮š٣ҪܼС⡣
ϾںݣͬšԴ֮š
һòܼá
ųĬ·Ҫÿһ֣һĲܼüͷ塣
ú󣬲ٴοڣ˵͵ûڴϾͬûԱ˴˶áҵϢ¹شҪŪס
ҷ򣬻߷ө򣬰ҲУȥʲôطá
֮ɳͻزȥˡ

ܼ涣
ѪԴͷָԨᡣ˵УԨΨһܴԨľޡȻǿռɳ֣ⷽһҹغԨϢ
ԨԼĽ飬ҲصġԴ֮񡱣ΪС
ԡԴ硱Ԩһ˽⣬Ӧа
ã˴˱أϣټ֮ա
ܼڹڣ˹֣ˡ
ڣпܳΪֿѣ֮ǰ氲ǰ㡣ԨܺƢҲ㹻ǿ͡
ܼ֮ǰźأ¶



һǧһʮ ĵө
ȥʱЩá
ɳصؽ磬ȱ״ʯϷɫȵأ̹Ĳܼ󣬡ôĪʲô֣
⻰һҲ¶עµ飬̿˹
˵أ޻еĸʽǺܣһֻٶȣԶ͸
ƶġǺӶɿڡԱߣһͨߣطɽͷʱЪš
һɽͷһȦȦĻ棬·оųյĻи
ɽɽĪ״վɽۣɫľȻ
ִơ֮ìZҢԴͷɥؿţûյĽ
ҷ򣬺սܴ죬Ķ챻ĥûˡ
вԪڵߣɢڴɽԱߣĬ
Աߵһɽͷֱ罣
ɽۣС֮ƺĶԶСˮ֮
λڵĴɣɫصأʱһ޻
ݼĳ棬ɹ񣬴˿˱ü塣
ལڵޣΧƴɽɢһ˺յĽ⣬ϴɱ
ڵκ׿΢ġءУĬ
ûʲôֻ֣һЩ
ܼҡҡͷأصƶġǺӶɿڡͬŵ壬˵ڳɳ򣿡
塰šһڳδ˷Ǻӣȥ˵е̽ǱĽء
תһ˵壬ԨγɡһƬ޵򣬺ʹǿյı߽磬Ԩ֮أвơܼ˵
㶣΢΢ͷ
иһ˿⣬Ԫںͽڵǿڣûʡ
Сӣ㲻棬ʲôְɣǺһЦбۿ˹֮ǰôûЩľޱϵشзֵĻɱҴŰ
ֻǺȻĥ˶ѣǰˡܼ΢Ц
֪ͷʲôûͷûԵأôһ䡣
ܶ˵Ŀ⣬˳ƿ޻򣬼棬ְǡ
ΪսǧĴ˷ͻȻĻңǺӸʹñս˶ͣ¡
ͽ֮ŭħ˺ݵĸӿ
Ҳжǿ߷׷׾ӿ
ɵĽħȺҲݵǿּŭ
͸׿˲۵Ĵħ񱴶̹˹Լ̬ȡ
ǣɴ˾ǣͷ壬Ů壬ҲڶѪǿ߹ȥ
ħǱߣ˴ս
սݱݵʱ򣬸־
صġԴ֮¶ȺͰϣòزʮǰĲҲС
ܿ죬ޣʯΪǺӲһ˿Ϣ
սⳡޱ䣬δ֪ġԴ֮񡱣ʹ˷޶ֹ
Ȼ󣬽ȥᱻʳȵϢøĿעһ˹
֮ģҲǿתơ
𼱣ٵһӣ㹲ͬ̽¡
С֮ƺĶԶһƶġǺӶɿڡɫƽ˵ڵˣͿҪˡĲأսǷҲôһ³ǱضԴ
̾һҵȻ֪
ĳü࣬ʹͷǸӡ
ʦսӦòúִԺ󣬱ʶһս

ûϵ⣬˾Ĵ䣬һǺڼʱ䣬ȻޣĲ֮УԨ۹ĵߣ¼λ
Ҳ֪澿ʲôԨλǲǻš

Ԩ֪ͺܶʧ֮ۡ
֪ȻڵѴɳҪٲ֪عȥǾԼ벻ˡ
λ򣬺ˣҪˮѡ
ͨްںͲܼһ̣ħͣסˣûɳ
ҷãͷө
ԨԳɳȥˣֻܴٽģ֡
Ǳߣ˹ȥˣõѡ񣬿ŮʱʱǵƲԸǰ
ҷʱڸʧ󣬶û
өأɷѶϵͳ죬Ӧڣλżսʿ
Уͷѩܡ
֪ΪΣ뵽ͷʮĺѩܣһȻ˾
߾һ£ǱӦʱı˷λ
ǰ·һǣǧ
ܾúһ޻򣬺ǷөĽؽ硣
䣬ȻĽޣ·пһĤָ
өܣ⣬ûһ˿ݹţҲ£޷Ǳ͸
Ƭ֮ĬĬ۲Զ
쳣
ûʵѪⱣ񣬲мжҳԻ͸¶ǿĴڣԸ
ǣֻðȴ
֪˶ãıħᣬڵִڡ
ಣ
һطʶСء
΢΢һĹλǶõĸ֪۲ǵľ̶ȣƵõȫ
ûɹû֮ǰǻξ
ξĹؼǻ⡣
ݵͬߣһܹǧ֮⣬˲õĳɾˡ
ڴ˷޵ǺӣһϢ䣬ǧ⣬ҳ˺ܾúܾãһ޵Ǻνε˸顣
Ȼ˵ûرķ֣ĻΣʱ䣬ǹľ룬Ļξǧ򱶡
ǣУԡ֮ϴ˻ǡ
һ֣·ڴߴͻƣ콫С
ϸһԨ΢֪ξľ磬ʵ˼¡
ڵľĥ£ԶԶеľ磬ξľ̫ˣƺԼƣ޷չľͻǵ
ͻȻʶڴ˷򣬼ûն޽Ĺʵ˱ջ
ջȻۿɼɸ洦ս֡
׼𣿡
Ƴһħᡣ
ʲô׼ģ
Һ̬ᣬڶĥѣǺ·𱻴ĥһóֻ࣬Ҫߣûʲôþµġ
á
Ԩٶԣһն̨һִֻ
û֮Ľȡǵķөܴţܸ֪񽣽ʵĸߵȽǿߡ
Ͼ֮ԣ̫⡣
ඣ
һն̨һȻө
谭һš
ħͬ׵أͿεĽޡ
İķө򣬱߽֮أӳԨģȻͷ׳˶ɽĺѩܣ
ѩܷ·𹧺˶ʱǺɵЦһ㲻⡣
ڶеģȻڵ壬ʹһү㡭㻹û



һǧһʮ 𽣹
㻹û
һľأƾճֵԨ
ǣȻЦݣһص˿
ԽЦԽض㣬㵸Ҿ֪
˵ʱܵأƳһ塣
ȱһСӻװʲôȣµžˣ֪ڴˣ
Ϊ
ָͷΡѩİܣ֨֨أô࣬ôϸѵ
֪˵Щʲôҡҡͷ
ɭͫһ΢Сĵ磬һҺ̬ᡣ
ῴǿһͷԨ
ԽεĽޣ޻̤өԨĶԻһͷˮ
µһԨ
żĺѩܣͻȻҡͷԣע⡣
Ԩ˳ƿȥ
޴ѩֳԯͷҫӰԳħڵˣھΪ¹ѩдߣȻѩͫĻУʧ
ѩȻںѩܵ
ܼǷԨ֪ͫеĳ棬Ӧ÷ɳ
ҫԯ¹󣬱ɳ뿪ˡ
Ȼ˷ө
Ĳ
Ԩص˵ͷ֪θлҲŪͷʾõѩܣҪͨԼõʲô
õ޵ĺѩܣǺǡغЦţһӡ
Ԩٴο
Ǻ棬Ҳԯͷҫ֪ݵǿִܿɳû취ֻúͷѩһǱӵөУͷѩܷǳģӲҪ˷߽硭
״˼أԨͣ˵һЩֺãҾ͸оڵ㡣ûʲôϸ߼ҲûôãǴֱ
ԨȻΣ壬ôҲͽ
ڣǺӵԣһߣ޾ǰͲӺȻںݣȴŻΪаħ
ɣں棬ͷѩˣû
ڷө̫ΣգҲʱûطȥ
ɳǱߣᵽˡƵ졯ϢԶȻˣֻݱܷâκ׿СһҲƲ磬Զʦͽɳ򡣡
ԶڵĵƵ족
ûǰκ׿ʦųκ׿ʱ򣬶һ˿
һᣬɱ
ֻκ׿вܼɳȻ¡
һᵽƵ족Ϣ֪Զڹ;УǶ˵Ͼ˳ɳ
өôƫҪԨʡ
ʱԹ񣬿ͷѩܣȻε˵¡ˣ˿̾ڷөֵǣǼһʶͷѩܣ󿪷֮ţڵĵط¡Ͳӽ
¡λͳ˧Ԩһ
ǺӵһݵȺЩֹһλʮѪǿߣħ壬б̹˹׿˺λħ
սħ˹⣬ͳ˧¡ѪҲʮ
˹ǧмƣش֮һֱڰ˲Ĵ󲿷ʱɴͳ˧¡ᡣ
ǣҲ˵޻ȣγɣԴ֮񡱵־ɢλ޴ͳ˧ҲҴҵظϸ˹
˭
巭һۣε˵ɳǱкԶа¡ת򣬳Ľ˭ҲصġԴ֮񡯣ǲǻ棬Ҳ󴳡
ֻˡ
ĳҲǷͻȻľ䣬ʱǱסˡ
Ϊ㣬Ĵͳ˧Ȼûнӽ
Ԩ°ͣ˸Ĺâͷ˶ĺѩܣĥţһ﾿ʲôͷ
ө򡭡
ૣԻ֪Ծ˷صǺܣȱصĺҪŨĶࡣ
±򣬾ȻҪ䡣
ʱãǺݺڵߣߺĦļħӦûϲƬǿա
ţӿܺĿϸԶ
û̫ڵĺۼһֲڼңԶǿգٴصǳںƲС
һδǳĿտͻȻע⡣
һԶΪϸ⣬ݺύԴڣƬоУΪẮգ羲ֹͣš
ף
һۼеǶ
Խն̨ڣʱ֮
ռƱͻȻһǼ䣬ƬϺգԿȫò
Զϸ⣬֮󣬳һĹӣ
һнӣеı˴˽֯еɢ䣬ǿоֹɸӿĺܣȴǴӹڴ
෴ĺܣƺΪֹĶȥһӡ
ģԨͨն̨ȥߣҲܸʹû취Խȥֱ۵ظһӡ
ɲ֪ΪΣֻǿӣ㶸ȻϤС
ЩөڵĹӣʲôԨѯʡ
֪˵Ƿөһۣ˷֮ԱΪөͺЩõĹйء
شģڵ壬λֹһ򣬰ͽ׷Ȼ˵ө顣
ʲôѶϵ½ӹܷөǰЩөʹˡ˹ƺ´һөˣȥӽЩӡ
ΪܵķѶϵ£սǧ磬ҲǼ֤֮һ
֪Ѷϵܹǧ磬ΪԨ
Ϊ֪ԨͰкĹϵ˵Եеԥ
˵ԨЩʧ˵Ҳڰ˵
ʱûսԸɳҷúͷөĴ򣬶ƵϤ壬õѶϢԨòͷѩܣ֪𣿡
ָоͷżĺѩܣǴӷө
ΪөŨôȽʺͷѩܳû
УĴͳ˧¡һﶼ൱ƣ˵⣡
ѩܡǺǡɵЦţͻȻ׳۰޴ĸ첲ͷ˪㣬Ԩǰҡ
Ȼһ첲Լһ첲
첲ײʱѩ⽦䣬·һѩ
ĶԨظӦ˷өİ纮ܣȻעѪ֮һѪ
ž
ı磬첲۹зɳԨŬʲô
ԨĿɿڴأһı磬ȻΪ֮Ĭá
СӣҪô𣿡
ðΣڳĬ˼̲סߺ
ԨǣɫҪ죬ж죬룬֪Щӣʲôˡ
ʲô
ڵʦͽ׷ʡ
죬ڴ˺˽սִǱ񽣣һ⣬˺Ǻӣδô
ɬһķ˼Լš
͵˵ôܣ˶ˣЩ⣬ôһֱɢ
ԨһţҲ޷ȥ
ԭˡ
һɫӣȻˡ



һǧһʮ Խһ֪
ǷԨҲ𺳣·ֹͣ
ͷѩܣһ첲һ첲Ǹ֪첲
۹Уӡšնľ콣Ҵδĥ
ѩ첲ײʱı⺮磬һƥĽ硣
ĥѩӰʲô
ǣҲͲµࡣ
ʱǧ꣬λɱһľɣڴ˷Ǻӻӽµһ⣬ûʧ
ûʧܻһөڵĹӣܲ
ԶԶȥϸҼ೤Ĺӣһ⣡
ԨԺظֳն´޻ӽڴ˵׳棬ɽӵΰˣȻ⡣
ԶϸܹĽ⣬һǧﳤܹᴩǳ磡
ңǽٵ֮࣡
Ԩ
㶼ţ
СˡƺŵԨ𾴣ȻԸţô硱壬Ƿˡ
ӣŻЩ貹ӣǧǰĽ⣡
Ľһ֪
Ǻӡڡִţߣһֿ׳յĿ⣬ذһۣ˵ҲݵڣϱЩһתȫ󣬲Ž˵Ĵԡ
Ԫ񾳣նһն£Ҳǳ
Ľ⻮ǺӣֻҪڡңмȡǿյܣɽдĥһһ뵽С
Щ
ɫηأָԶǿУһϸĹӣʱֻһָϸĽ⡣һĽ⣬ϲɼǿյܻۣǧʱ䣬ܱөĲڹˡ
̾Ϊֹأ̸ͣ죬ڣʷɱߣ
ôϸĽͣеˣһ⣬Ժ󣬻вɼǿ֮ܣ
ڣ㲻µȡ
ȷ
ԨģҺ̬ħᣬȻôһ䡣
ԨŤͷʾ¶û£ҼȻڣǰͲ
ⶫڵزص伮֮ϣйϸء
ͷкҫûǴĻʳ˵ħ֮ǰнħЩħߣȥ޳ħЩռéӲʺϼһҲͶ·ʱħ
Ԩ˵ͷ
ˣݵڣûණӻ֣һأħ롣
ʲô˵ģԨʵ
ǽⳤӣҿУΪ̫Զ֪λĽ⣬ͣûͬǿ߻ɢвɼǺеܣϾŽ⣬Ļ׳ȥϽ˵
ԼҲʶڵļֵߣҪʱرֱ֡
ֵǣ˽ⳤڷөΪʲôû廰˵壬ѵûǿҿ˵˹λﰵйν氡
Ǳ񽣣Ҳڰѹ֪ڴˣݻٴ𣬻һ㾫׳󣬵ʲô
ɻ
Ԩ壬Ժ󣬶üĬ
Ҳ벻ףΪδ˽ⳤǧʱ⣬ܴڴ˷
ţпĺܻƣֹ˽ӽ
ݽڵǿߣѵûөûпǽӣʵĴһĽ⣿
өսҲʱġ
ûһڵߣûө򡭡
Ԩ̫ʺţãҪҪðգ봧Ħһ
۹н̺ۣн֣λĽⳤӣж⣬ջ
ǣĴͳ˧¡Ŀǰڷө
ûĻ֮ǰҷģλżսʿֽͬķө
˼ɵĵط
أأ
˶ĺѩܣͻȻë׵ѩ׾ƣԼļ
ǶԨɷħ֮ͣء
ͷѩܱ¶˼Ԩ·ȥĳط
ԥεԨһҧԾಡط˳ȥǿѩԭļ
ûɷħУͷѩëïʢļԵúǲۡ
ǧ׸ߴľȣʵСϢǿ߲ʱԷֲѩܼïëУôһվš

ٴѩܼϣûɷħ谭̵ظܳͷżѩڣʱɢݳĺܡ
ϢȻͳڶལⳤӣһӻƵĺܡΪơ
ǰɣ
һǷͬСɣͷѩܵĲɫޱȡ
ǡ
ѵǧͷѩܣѪӷөӿźܣһ貵ĽⳤӸţ
ͷųĺܣˣЩ⣬ɽȥ׳
Ǻǣ
ѩܺЦţƲ֪˼ʲô޴һתҪ뿪
Ƭⳤӵڣ
£
ԨæȽͣȻͷԴţ֪ʦͽ˵޻ʱûΣաȣ͵ϸ˹ᣬһˡδ֪Դ֮˵Ѿûʲôֵˡ
ˣͲأֻȥɳǱߣڵȴǿߵĵִȻŻ̽򡣡
ڷө򣬿Դȥҷû߰򡣵ǵһҪ죬ٵĻпԶǲˡ

ƵĻ˵˺ü飬Ѿǳ
£ʦͽ˻ʱͷѩܾʹں䣵ıǺӺХ
ֱǽⳤڶȥ
ҿǷˡ
ȱԨѩһͬԶȥǷөؽҡҡͷ֪ܴһⳤмȡ¡ڣڶߵȽ׵ǿҲڣΪǺԶ
ʦҪҪȥĥȭĺԾԾԡ
Ҵͷ
庮һۣݺݵ˵СӣҪǲʦҸһǼһԶһ㣡жԶжԶǲŻᰲȫ
뿴ǧǧ緢ʲôǳϯ壬սᱬҲǵ
ǰҷãڵ֮ˡ
Զģһſűֵǳǣһ˲Цݣ٣ڳûǺӣ˵ǡ
˵ǣȴ̲סЦ
ȿȣʦɼܴ󰡡Ц
ɼһδΣɰ㷢ʵһԸ޻ðգҲҪһڷө򣡵ưɣҾҪ̫ãͻоϢӷө򴫿
գצһֻ֣סĸ첲ֱקŷ롣
˲޻



һǧһʮ ѩ·
ɳ߽硣
ȱ״ʯϷŵǸǺӶɿڡȻҫ͹ΣӿĿռ䲨ζǿ߽١
ϰΪɫȻأԺ
ӣӸǺأ½ִޣʮˣľˡ
ಣ
һҡŵУâ޳ӰȻӳ˵
ߣһλ·ǧϸâţ̵۾ʹŮӡ
һƬǺӣ֣֮ſǳ˪Ľᾧ΢СľУתһ⡣
˸տһ޷Ƽݣֻܿǹ⺮
һȻ⣬˵ͷһ
˪
ǱߵĶԶһִΪ֮һ
λһĴɣ¶οִǼ䣬Զжϳڽϵ裬־˼֡
ȻսٴδĥǱ˪֮
ˮ֮һɨǰɢбɵ̵ֱ̬
Ȼ󣬱ȻһЦʦ㣬ջС
ʦϲɫк
ӡ
ʹɣδɰ
ϵĽâȻЯѪħϢѵǸվһѪս
κ׿Ī״ͲܼˣԺ󣬷׷к
ɭȻļ˪һϮ£Ľ£Ŵкļˣ˵ͷͷ˽ڵɽͷ
Զˣˣڳ˿ռ䡣
ʦ塣
ԱߵĽӵܣΪΪ˿̳ݵظߺ
ɽͷС˪֮ŵļ˪ӲһЩ
žĳ棬мֳο֮ɫԤĸ졣
ҵľͻƣڷ׷׼ӿ죬ֻһǫѷЦ˵
Ϊûõļһͦ࣬ռݵĺˣ黹Ƿء˪ü΢壬˵ⷬʱһ㲻
͸ϴƣһˡǰ֮·оħʴţȥǿƴƫҪںݵ͵ߣͲ̤·
ⷬһڳĺܶˣɫȻ
κ׿Ī״С֮ŵĶԶɫҲЩΡ
ڣǵУҲм˪˵Щˡ
ʺԣ˵޵֮·ʵѵ˾ͷ
ЩˣֲǺսսʿɱںݣУǿռ˵
ڵĹڵٶȵЩ粻ߣȴܴϼһس⡣
Ǳߣϼһ˲١
ڼ˪У͸ΪǵĴԺݵǿʢ档
ˣúݵٳɳѸƾ磬ǰͺ̵سǿգǿ档
Сӣ˵˵
˻ĬЦţһתһܼ
ܼǺһЦأ֪ڷ顣

κͻȻͷѩȥ˷өΪʲô׷κ׿㲻һô
ΪǷө֮һܼ
ө
˪ü䣬뵽ʲôɻؿԶˣڽөΪֹսĺǿߺʹȥǱ߽ԣΪԭ򣿡
ԶָߣöԶ֪顣
ܼκ׿ˣĪ״ҲͶȥעĿ⡣
Ҳ֪ڽөΪĽֹݵ˺ʹ̽ɾԭҲ
ܹΪ֮أȻҲֻڵһͷˣܱΪءԶʹͷƽ侲ȷʵ֪Եɣ͸¶
Ҷ֪˪üͷһ
´οԼѯԶȻ
˪Ĭ
Ƭ̺һһԲأһ⣬˲û޻
ԶȻɫ䣬Цţεس̾һ
溰һʦȴûκλӦҲûǵͷ
̫ðˡκ׿ҡҡͷڱǰӯ磬ʶȺۿصǼλڣһͷ룬δȫˡ
࣬Ҳصġܼ̬ɵ˵
ͨԨϢѾ֪ǿˣûܹв˪ĴڣȻš
ûôȥ̽ǼȺΪÿ˵
ڣ˪ȻûĵȴǿߣУܹϿأ̽쵽ء

һźƵǳߡ

ŨˮĺǳƮݶܵѩܵǣҪ
Ρѩɽľܣգһ޹۾æÿ
վϵԨŨĺаɡ
ԱǳĺͱӻǳȻڣȻһ壬ڶкǿܸСˣܹ氲Ȼ
ǣʱۻ࣬Ϊħ֡
ѩڿʱͽڵİ纮дսȻҪ
ƺΪ֮
ÿȻǲȡЩŨĺܣûǳĽ𣬵Ǻеۻ͸С
ʵڱţСޡ
Ԩ档
ЩӣվںѩܵļϷžڷөţܵĿ귽ʼǳŽⳤڡ
;һЩǳʱսһ㡣
ƺҪѰʲô
Уŵǳ磬Ķ࣬ɢҲ࣬׻
ҲҪһȥܣҵĿꡣ
ԨڴأӽһźǳŨĺӿʱʧؼ뿪
Ȼ󣬾һǳͦ
ڴڼ䣬еĺǳϷѪﵽ˼ޣԾٽ
ֵǣЩӦսʿûж·ڲΰ
һ㡣
ڷөܳԵÿ
ԨЦţһֱˣд˽ǿߣԾ̬һҲӦǰȫġ
㣬֪ͣͣ;˶ٺǳ
ڡ
ٴδսһͨͨڶຮǳûʲôʱǳŨû쳣
ͱĤĽڣżž
Ԩ۾Ȼҫ˷ܵĹâ㼱ɴأ͵سǳ谭ش͸ڶ롣
һѩڲأʱԨĽչ
ѪɢݿҴܣȻûӦĴڡ
ѩ˺ܾõıѩУһƬͺţԨԡ
ͷǿĺѩܣΪʲôҵ
٣ûƳʲô档
׳˶ĺѩܣͿҪʱʼ

ļͻȻѿ˷صһʹ˶¶



һǧһʮ 澧
ڱıѺ󣬴Ӹ߿ոһ鿪Ĳ
ۿɼĺƣӴ˷أݡ
ԨӺѩܵļ뿪ڰգؿźɭȻԸӦ
ҵ飬򺣵ףˮȴֹš
İأȥۣûرŵĺܣУʱ쵽ͬѰ
棬ѩܵұѵǣȻһ䡣
Ϊĺʼķөӿ룬أẮϢͻȻǿ
ұѣ·ĳеĿǺأ溮ŨǺȡ˺ܡ
Ԩɻأһºѩܣĸо򡭡
ͷżĺѩܣûмκѪطûͷϢȥӿĺк
֮ǰľԨǹ׼
Ϊǰ;ĺǳʱҲʲôû
Ũĺɻۿ£ҪΪһ֡
ѩɽΣڰգͻȻҡͷ
Ǿ޴ƣָѹ⻬羵ĺ棬ʾ˷صͻ䣬ûϵΪĺ
ǣײʲô
ӿܣ򺣵׵Һںδ
ԨͻȻǧľкΣ˵˽֮󣬵֪Щء
ǣʵһԨڣ
ѩܡǺǡЦͷ
Ԩ
Ѿ֪ںݵľĺԨײ߸ӶνġԨڡš
߸Ԩڡɢ߸أĺԨɭǺӣŨĺܣһһؾ£
˵ؾĺԨĴڣԺҪ
ǧ磬һԨڡĦǿĳӦҲһԨڡڣȻĽ㣬Ҳ˺ݡ
Ԩ⣬ķө򣬾ȻҲһԨڡ
ͷѩܼȻ֪ôǿߣǷҲ
˼ʱѩܷѾرȻ޴ƣŪһε״
ն̨ԨȻ
صͷ
Ԩһ
һ̣ͷżĺѩܣͨһ
Ԩͷȥڼʱڣ·ǱײѲƼӴӰ
Ҳ޷ԻѪ֪ļ
Ҫʲô
ԨеãȻûǰԨûлն̨˶Ԥϲ鷳
û̫á

޴ĺѩƿ棬¶˴ӣǾ޴ƣһ͸ױص˹
ɫһԨಡһ£뵽£ŵġ
һ麮͸ǵĺܣ֮ԨֻǶвʣǿ麮ǣȻϤС
Ȼǵã걻ڵһڡ򺮾Ľš
򺮾Щ飬ͷѩŵĺƵϢҺĵĽṹ·һµġ
ʱͻȻܻ
ѵĺʱڴˣӦ̸׼ȷĴ𰸡
ΪǺѵǿڡ򺮾뵽ն̨ڲǱ˪ʬ֮أȻ´ǿڡ򺮾仯һ֡
һˣâԨԺȻը
뵽֮ƿǿڡ򺮾õն̨ڣͷʮ˪
ȻǧʱһΪЯһڡ򺮾˹١
ȻҪͨǿڡ򺮾Ҫն̨
߸Ԩڣİ򺮾ն̨֮䶨й
ԨٿŵĺԽԽá򺮾ľ飬ĺһؽдɡ
壬һڿڡ򺮾ͨĺңģԨʵ
ǺǡЦŵͷ
Ȼ
ԨһͻȻ֪Ϊηөˣˡ
ͳ˧¡ǳ𾴣ڵĵط¡Լǿ߲Ҫ
Եɡ
ԭܹκյؽ磬Ͱͨ˹٣ʹһڿڡ򺮾Ҫԭϣͨ
򺮾ĺĲϣһĺڴˡԨڡĺס
ж壡

΢ԨѨڣն̨ٻ
ն̨һɢŰӨĹԣ
һһĺͷѩܵķ룬ֱն̨
ڲͷ˪ʬ֮أһ⣬£ʬϢ
УȻǰı⣬ʱϢ
Ԩ𾪡
еľ⺮ܹ˪ڵĴɣû̫⡣
޷ǣһĺȻжεʱܣ
򺮾Ĵڣͨصİ˹١
ģЩΪںڲʱţ
ǿߣһ麮еܴġ򺮾߱Ͱӵ档
ԨȻ
߸ԨڣǴǿУϾӿźȥݡĺԨĴڣԺݴҪάϵĳƽ⡣ô˭߸Ԩڣ
Ԩеն̨бѩŪĺѾʧ棬ĺɢݣʱϢҲ΢΢ɢݡ
뵽ܴƺϵһڡ򺮾Ҳͨն̨
뵽˹ҪģǺڵġ򺮾ִŵն̨
ǣԨб˴𰸡
ͺݾĺԨӵģ߸صġԨڡʱ֮ͱ˪䴩ɡ
ĿģΪ˾ӿ⺮ܣӶγɾĺԨ
ĺԨĴڣάϵȹ̺ݴ磬ĳֲֿѡ
Ȼ󣬸ɻͷ
˹Ȼ֪򺮾ģǴµײҲӦ֪һڣͨݵġԨڡΪβȥݻ٣
ΪβǡԨڡǱ뵽ĺԨӶٺݣ
ֻΪͷѩܣṩˣ조򺮾⺮ŵõ𾴺Ѻã
µɻĺ֣һʱûͷ
ͷѩܣŪĺȫûն̨Ԩһ˼أ׷ʵʱٴǱ䡣
ƺҪѰҸĺ
ԨΪȣڴˣλϵδڴˣκκڵڴˣȻϲ
ġԨڡ׵Ľᾧܰս
ȻһٻӰ䲻ļ֡
뵽һǺ棬޸֮ʱǵٻӰţǾĺԨ׽Եľ
ʱļˣԶڸò½֪
ԼܣΪ׼˼ԼĶ
Լڣ֮ΪЫΨֱ֮ʱǵٻӰʼңûκ
ҢǰĻĵһЩ˵֤
ѵʶΪ棬ڷתǰǶӣΪĺڰˣνʹ
뵽Ǹڼʼߣж
ЩĺҲܸҪĻͽܣҲȻõŵġ
ԨĬĬš
û̫ãѩٴƿ¶ͷ޴棬ȻһľӨЦǺǵس
һΣԨն̨ûûǰͽȡʮ飬ȶǬ䡣
ͷѩܣĿ¶ֵı顣
ն̨⣬бļһܹõϡԨһ䣬ն̨ʼʱۿһܲȥ
˻һѩܶʱҪĶ
ó飬ͷѩΪˡ
û£ҾʣôţˡԨ͵ЦЦ
Լָоնֵ̨ԽġԨڡֱӻعݴ磬ھĺԨĵײ
ȻԨڡǱʱ֮ͱ˪٣λߵʬն̨ڣΪִߣпƽȥ
ֻǣҲΪĴƻݻ١Ԩڡ
Ϊʬն̨˷ǡ
Ǻǣ
ûǿ󣬺ѩֺЦԵࡣ
ֳⶫȥǺԨڣɺܴ鷳Ԩʡ
еն̨ܿԼ˼
ͷ
ԨȻͶˣͷˣҲǿд룬ģô·ôָҾô
ѩȻЦˣ³ȥռĺ
ֻǣȴöûðͷ



һǧһʮ ѩ
ļŵ
ڶָ׸ǰСľ飬·ƬƬ鲣ɭȻ⣬˷ɢ俪
һϮµļ˪š˪֮һƬռա
ȻǳιȴİҲ֪˺Ϊޡ
ûʯڣûսкûǺܣûκεĲ
ԣãҲеã
ܿ⣬Լ򵥴ֱķʽĽΪ飬衰˪֮Ľڡ
Ȼһ㣬Щɭľ飬䵽Ǻӡ
ÿһ⣬Ӧһֻֻ۾̽Ƭոµģİ硣
صȺš
ʱ䣬û壬Ҳ֪˶á
ͻȻһƣͷųȥĽ⣬˷Ӧ
۾Ϊ֮һ

ȥģ塢ʦͽˣһʱ֪һѪ룬ܹ޻򣬽ٶʮ
ǣҲԨķʽѰǰ·
Ҳ鹦ڣԨȷȣ͵ϸ˹ˣ׷׳룬ŸҴ󵨵ؽͷš
·еʦͽˣʱģʱĬ
ͻȻӽӲˣһө㣬ҫűľ飬֪еȻ⡣
ɫ䣬ǧҲ֮
ʦү˵ڵ򣬿һǡʲô⣿
Ŷ䣬бۿǸɭ飬ҪȥȡλεģͦƯӯ籬ʱʲô
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һǧһʮ 
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ȻԨʱȴûоԵĽ⣬û˵ĸоԵЩϳ
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£Ǳںħƶûκ飡
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ҲΪԣС֮ܡķţҲʾͬ
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Ԩ˼ʱͷѩٴθ¶棬泯ǻλϹǸ࣬ԼɼอѼ
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ԨԺУҲٶǰûгΪҩʱ͹ǿΨһһνӴ
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նֵ̨Ļ棬ʱӳ뵽Ԩͱʶڴ˷أؿ˿̷顣
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һǧٶʮ صĽ
ˣ
Яһڡ򺮾ǧ޳ϣһĺɡ
ԨͷѩܣӦð˸ӶǴŹϵġ
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ĻɻϯϸƣȻ淢һѪɳѪɫߣȷںѩܵ˿ڣŷ첹
ǣ΢СĻܣҲ뵽ѩܵԺ
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ΪʲôΪʲôţ׳Ϊǲĳ裡ǵĴڣһֱǣһƺǰ



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սηޣӰ¡ⷬʵͼԶıܲ
ҪǵãһĽⳤӣȻѹƽڵǿߡ˵ǶԶˣǹǿ٣Ҳᱻ¡䣬ԶΪסѰҺԨڵǳתƴһⳤ֮ء
ĽǵĽͽ⣬ܽᱻѹƼ֡
˴Ϊ׼Ĺأ

ʵϷ
ϯݳЦݣͨ򺮾֪˪Ժ󣬾;ǰ˪֮˿ڣƺʤѫ¡
ɲǵװġѪսġܱȵģѪսġֻ׼ʥʥ
ԹĴ˵УֻʮƽޣʸԦ
ǵװİ׽ޣõˡҲӲ
ΪҪʮĻƽ֮Ѫܼʥ
˪ҲûԪ񣬡˪֮Ҳ
ݡԺŰ¡λżİ׽ޣڶİ˼߼սʿһѵĿܶû
ԼҪѰԹñˡө򣬻ᱻΪأȻԭġ
ϯЦݵֹ
ͻȻЦݽӲˡ
Ϊһѽʣ䲻ðЯŵġ򺮾ов
о콣⣬ӽʵײƹͨԶĽⳤӡ
ֲĽܣս٣ͷ
Ȼע⵽ڽϷֳһӰ
Ԩ㣬ڷөǿг֣ϯǷŭֱĸо㲻úôţһѽʣҲɣ
˪֮ǱʥסˣԨ
ıľأն̨ĥ
ֻͨն̨ƳԶĽⳤӴС˪֮ҫһ£ֶȻ
ĻǵԽʱӻ뿪Ǹء
ط֣нⳤӴŵķө򣬽аصĽ⣬Ƶõ޾ǿܵĳ
ֻͽ뿪ǿʱȴʲôҲƲˡ
ն̨Ұ
ǡɣϯ֪˪ˡ
ɣ



һǧʮһ ƻ
ϯеĺͿ˿Ρ
ڸ;Уżˡ˪֮㱻˪ˡ
˵أ溮أѼ˪׷Ȭ
Ȼϣ˪ù
оǣ˪չֳĽ¼׺һأò
£ٳһλ㣬춯صĴɡ
֮ǿںݲҲûھףԲϯ־塣
־ģǴ˵еġ֮
ƾһⳤӣ͸Ϣжϳ죬кεȿֲ
˪߱ɱͨǱʣ

ڽ֮ϵԨõ壬ϯ˵ʱӰȻҡҷε
ãƺںδһЩ
ܿ죬ʶһңк͡صļ䣡
һԡѩܡûӡ󣬾Ȼԡнļ䣬˵ͷԲС
Ȼ
ϯȻɲǷѪսܱȵġʥھԶǿߣֳɱ壡
⣬ɫ΢ն̨֮ͬ⵹ˡ

ԨұǿյԿⳤӸľն̨ն̨ĹҰ
ɼˣҲֻܿƶĽⳤԣСǳơ
ǿߣνġС˪֮ĹâһƲ
Ҷôܿ
ϯһмǼ˪Ľ⣬ҲҫһȻͱͳ˧Ҳʵ㣬˪жԶӵ̤ө񣬶Ҫǽⳤԣ
ǿײϮȡԶЩһөں󡣡
ôǵˣΪǺ۸ɣ

ϯŭ
ԨҪ廰ɫ͵һ䡣
Ȼͨն̨أǽΪӽһƬǺУһڵĽ⣬ǰƿռۡ
ЩУն̨Ƽˡˮ֮ĺۼ֪С
ϯĻʶ֮Զ͡ˮ֮Ų񾳵Ľɣڼ˪֮Ҳ˷ө
е㼬ˡ
Ԩüͷ֪ȻĴͳ˧¡ڴˣҶˡ˪Ľ㲻ưոݡ
ڹǿϮˡѩܡ˪ϯԶˣӴ˷صĹƣһһӿ˽
ⲻǰ
¡ҲƲ磬˹ش밵򲻳ʱӲܷǺӸǿ壬ûˡ
˿ã
¡ƱҪͨһسӣָĹԡ
Щⳤӣڵľأһֱ໥£Ԩֹһ䣬Ҫأɹ
Զ⡣
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ǣⳤӺʹ˷ǰԶЩڵߣҲˡ
ֻҪ˪ްţͻ᲻ϧһеشȡ
Ƕȫͳ˧ˣǼλڵĽɣһȥϯЦ
ͷ㣬ͨһǵĴͳ˧Ҽŵ˪֮ԨͻȻ
㣿
ϯбһۣҡҡͷ˵ҲΪʲôչ㡣ݡλսûʸȥҪʲô
Ϊһ׽ޣִһڡ򺮾ϯеƲԨ
ԨʶҲ㡣
ԨУ˹ǱشԨˡնӲ
ҷʱҲܼ˵ѹ̫󣬱£˫ʱ֡
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֪ʲôʺˣõˡܡΪڷөˣ
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Ǻá
ԨվڽϷ˵ͷ
֪ΪΣϯͻᵽһ˿ΣյϢҿ˿Ҳûʲô쳣ּһ䣺ڵһλҾͰͨһ䡣ϧʲôǣû
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ԡڰӨâеն̨ľطɳͻȻϯǰ֡
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Сʲô
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ѩƮһǧ׵ѩɽŵıԭϷĳǳأܱг䡣
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Ϊɡ
ಣ
ն̨״һԨһ䣬ն̨͵ֹס
ն̨ڣ󷽣ܿɽǧٿס
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ĳͻȻеʧ񡭡
ǣǧݵĽڼ᲻ƣ
ȻЩͨ쳹صǿ룬ݵɽ˼ĹȣҲ˲䱬
ʵѾ൱ơ
磬ģ൱³ǰСĳǳعȣǿޣҲֻѪ
Ϊ߶ն̨޹ȣָ
磬Ұ򴩶Ҫ̫ʱ䡣
ôƣΪөڴ˵ˣǰڷѶϵ¡
ԺǻЧҰȡ
Ԩң
֮⣬ǿϯЪ˹ŭХ
ͨն̨Ұؿλ׽޼ˡ򺮾ȫܣһ
ƲԣƫҪԷơ
Ԩִŵն̨пȻĬȻȺϯĵ
쵰֪֪Լڸʲô
κϯЯš򺮾Ҳƿ˽ڣ̤˷ڲ
׽ޣ
һλͷѶϵ´ˣһȽ׵ޣ
ҵ죡
˷ۼޣϯ̣׽ɣʱµĳߵĵλǼعֽ



һǧʮ ѵ
еġ֮ϣԶüһƳԶǺӡ
Ŀ⽥䣬·̼䣬ʹ͸ռ䣬һɭǳڲȵն̨
ʲôһ
֮͡ˮ֮ŷţǡ֮ϷֻжԶһվţƮƮoֲ
潣磬͸ݰŵϢ;һЩǳ֮ϣѪȼϸߵޣѪڲ
ԶԶľ裬ȫĽСȵӰ츽
ŵġˮ֮Ǳʮ⣬񾳴ޣҲ̤Ľϡ
Ȼ϶Զġ֮
Щ˵ĽǱڻУڽĥŽ⡣
һĽ⣬ͷų͡ˮ֮źӦ
еĽ׵ıζеĽһƬ͸¾õϢ
ڶԶȳն̨ʱ˵Ľ⣬ͻȻһ
Ǽͬʱ˶Զ
Ԩڷөƺն̨һλս
ԶɫԺѸջĿ⣬ͣ룬أ˿ߵϡǵãǰô㽻顣
ЦǰʱҩǱҩʦⲻֵ֡ϾֺˣȫΪҩ
ԺҲҪӡԶ㡣
˵ͷ
Ѿͷѹֲ˽صĹأǿг˷өԭΪڴ˷ǺӡԶĿǰһĽⳤӣԨǲ⣬ֵһᡣǽөҪӦ˪֮ҵԨ֮ء
ʱԶ˪ѱ
;ĵֻΪ˪֮⣬ڼҫʱͻȻʧ
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ֻǣû˳ذݡ˪Ϊʦתˡ֮ͽܡ
ͨ䣬֪Ԩôһ½½أ˵һЩԨ¼еΪľ档
֮½صս󣬵֪ԨȻǰĺ棡
ʱԨŨȤ
˽ȥͳԴ£ҳѯԨ£ϢȻȫԨķǷ
أԨż˪Գɾһμѻ
ǾãǰҺʵġ
źǣԨܾ˽ڵļͶ뵽ڵĻеͽ
һԨʲôҷۣ
ԶüԵúǲͷ˵ڵǰΪҩʦʱҲһҩĶѡ
һ£Զֵ;ڿǰƶͼЦ

İı硣
ڶˣԶ񷣬һޱȵĳξʯب죬һֹͷųӨĹԡ
ѪȼߵޣӶʶѣǳԴ
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ѣͿ̿
ڸߵȼսʿģϢˣñͱ磬ƺɭ
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ն̨Ϸ¶ԨʵİӨĻ£ɫΪǷөͷѩܵءǣսڰȡ
ͷɽ磬Ԩȵ˽

ܻϯѾܾãڡܡǱߣû
˿̣ϯ̣ڵѪȻڡ
Ҿ֪Ϊʤҡ
ԨЦţûն̨һεն̨ȻٴηŴٱһصĻֺʯɽͷϯѹ
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ն̨ڣмʮͷ߳Ǻӵľ˱ŭ
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ϯѪûͿЯġ򺮾У߮
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ն̨ڣԨ֣ĮŶߣʵ㣬ִƵն̨ѹİ򺮾
һ䣬ն̨棬ַйǧ⡣
⾡·ߣ׼ϯſ籩ĺ
ʵ㲻ôǿ󡣡



һǧʮ 
һɺ磬ЯŰϢ͸գĨɱܡ
˷Ϊǿޣɰ˷۶ֻͷһ񷣬㱻ն̨ͷųľΰվվȡ
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ڶɺ֣ߣаޣĸεѡ
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ߣҲϼⱦԣԽԽ
ϯƺߣֱͣܿɿԣڶߵײѪֹ
ԨӰն̨Ϸظ֣ͻȻŴ
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ᳶһ䡣
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Ϊشˡѩܡ˫ȷʵᡣ
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ǣðȻ⣬Ҫ̽ⳤӣֳ̫粨
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ϯоֹԨһ¡ԷȻΪĺͣΪ
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ԨΪն̨ѹٴηŴ˼ʮ
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ͻȻǰˮһĻ棬ɫ䣬ʧͺ



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ŭն̨羪ףը綼ں¡ֱ졣
¡
ѹն̨һαصⳤ磬йص
صףһƬƬɫ⺣ⳤᴩ±֯Ĵع򣬱ٴγ
ʱŤĴӿսڣͰ¡ĽɫӣʱͿĨѤõĹ⻪
յ쾰ص׵𶯣ϯȻС
¡һλƽѪݣϢ˵̬ȣԨȻҶײ
ϯӶˣ֪۽Σ¡ºһϳ
Ϊ²ⷽ磬˱Сѡ
ϯѣҷѾ˼㣬ֲӡȻˣҾʹөǳǧޣ˪֮һˣ
ԨӰն̨пŴ󣬺ð¡ܿ
ն̨գҺĴطֿǰ¡ŵĽɫԣһ䵽ն̨Ƿڵˮڳ˽ɫϼ
ԨɫһʱգͰ¡ԡ
һĻƽѪܷ㼸
ԨԵ쳣򶨣ЦЦ˵ʵҵϣ㣬ڳѰҵ鷳ΪȶԶ̵ִ޷ȫԸ
С
Ȼ󲻽˵һĽⳤУҸоˣԽߵƺ⡣һ㣬ҵϣһ롣Ҳģλն´޵ĽУ
ϣ֮ҲѰ֣
һĽⳤӣԽڵܻ⡣пܵһ£ǧ꽣ܣ
¡ϯ
ڣǲǾãʵʸּۻۣ
Ԩն̨Ц
һ̵ȻȻ¶һ۷ɡ
ϯƬʧ
оոտ̸ģ˺һλǺ֮۵Ԫ
ǿߣǿվޣϵĴڣ
ԨsŵķˣͥƣϯֻڼϿ
ħ񱴶̹˹ڵĺԶǵ



һǧʮ ˵ͣͣ
ϯ㱵أ߸ͷ
Ұ棬ն̨еԨ˱
Եǣôİô
Ľɫ£ն̨Գһ磬ͷŵܣǿҵ࿴ۣͣ¡
ʱ֪˵еʱȻ¡
һִ󲻾
۾ʹģܿƵˮȻ򣬱ƿߡ
նն̨
ͷܵǿҵĳ𺳵궼Ҫʧˡ
ǣʼȥ룬ն̨˵
ȴط֣йն̨йλնߵѶϢֱٵĿ
õǣڲǵ춨ʢǿΪһλλڵľ֣òⱵľ׷ٳںݵλ
ȻЮŴǰͺ̵ؿ⣬׳٣
壬ǸһӣǿմϴһɴӲҺľĴģɱ
ڣɵ˴ƻССְˡ
䷳ʤȴ˸
Բͬ
Ǻͺݵ浶ǹأиߵǻǿ߲ɱ
һƬƬǺУеն֮أ
սʿߵȽ׵ޣ˶ɢ
ڵĴڣĸˣһʵ
ѳħΪǺУǿİ
ʰۣ׷浱ڵĽŲͲԣٺõĵ·һؼǰаˡ
ϯɬҡͷ
ʶԨܵõն̨ϿɣܼԦն̨ȻзǷ֮
ͣ
һλƽѪİ¡Իƽ֭ˮڰգѤõĽڵ£Ͼ
Ҳе⡣
Ȼû뵽Ԩ֪Ѿִ̬Ժ󣬻˵ķ˵Ĳ
ԨǰǷָһѹ
ΪԨˡնĴߣȥıһⳤڣԦǧĽܡ
˵ͣͣ
ն̨ͷԨӰЦһȫûнλƽ޵ĻΪʲôЧвϡǵã㲻ǰѶϯ˵һЩĻ
¡ɫ΢䡣
һط
Ԩն̨ڣͻȻûͷûԵأĪôһ䡣
Ǽ䣬Ưڴ˷ն̨һٶȣֱСɰƴȻϼ硣
ʱշתݵŤУô˷صҴߣܵķ׷Ѫ
׽ϯҲƺһ౻ŤԵʹС
¡ſȴ΢ն̨ڵգƾտһѷ죬ʰ쵵ʱͨһͷ߲俪
ͨԼܿһͷӰ
ಣ
ն̨ûУ˲ûټ
ͻأֵʱͨˮӰʱ֮ʧ
ɵĺ¡
¡ڸ߿Уɽӣ޹ȣŵˣصײ޸򣬶ϯ֪ͱһִն̨ȻûضԴ½Լ峤
һ䣬һɫ⣬˲ƿڷߡ
ϯǧٿ׵ľأһ߰ûڸпһʰо֣ƽ˽ľ

ˣټȥˡ
һı磬¡ɫ紹䣬һͣ£˾Ѫܡ
ͬڰ֮ϣն̨˳СƯš
¡ۣĵһ֪ө磬Ĺȣ֮ࡣ
һЩģѨ壬ҹٲˣһڴ˽硣
˿ڣʮ߼սʿ
磬͸ոǸ磬֮ʵһǿա
ԨȻܶն̨һѤõֱͨӾͽ٣
ҪһЩʱ䣬Ԩȴ˲Ϣ
˵Ԩܲϵأն̨ڷө򣬼ʮѪҲ׷ϡ
ϵˣһжˡ
Ҫ֣ʱѾȥˡ
ն̨ԨǱѺͿƣһ飬Զ˵Ҳ⡣ǡ˪֮Ҫţúûšڼ֮ǰҲϣ¡
¡ԥ룬ˬصͷұ֤
Σôĸɴ࣬ôĸɾ䡣
ԨһЦ룬Ūˣʲôķʽ޽йͨˡ
ǣչֳ㹻̸ܶûʼĻᣡ
սηޣʵ顣
ֻʶܴ߱ݻǽҪһУǵǿգǵˣһ磬ǲĺ̸
ܣҽأԴ
Һڴˣ
Ԩ΢Цŵ˵ͷ㿴ȹѶϵ£ҺͰȹϵҲǰҺͺҷ򲢼սǰϯ͵װȻǲ顣
Ҳ֮һ£⣬ûɱ̫ޡ
̵һ
¡ɫ죬ʴʣûϡ
֪ΪΣŴ˿̵أּۻۣ˿ûɫԨԺ䲻ðһͷ
컹ѡˣ
ȻֲԽ뵽ԨȻնִ̨ߡ
죬λ˫ϿԨСƲ磿
һˣʹϯ
ҡ
¡׼ڣɫͻȻһ䣬ƾʲô
𾪵أŽĽⳤڣ߷·͸ããռ䣬ʲô
ôԶǣǼִ
ԨЦѯʣҲλľսȫŵĻȷʵпܣͨӵĳ;棬ִһⳤڵء
ϾЩⳤӣʵҲڵ磬Ÿٵļۡ
ǶԶҲ
¡üͷ壬һۣ˵֮ҳŵһμǰǡ˪֮ǻŵġҲҪ֤ն̨ڷөɱ䡣
ǵã˽罫ƿأӰөˡ
գλһλƽѪɵİ¡˷صĽڡ
Ȼ󣬾Ԩע£ʧڽС



һǧʮ ͬ
¡Ҵȥ
ƺܹĳĻƽ֮ѪУǳصĽڣ΢ϵ
ȻѪ֮١
ǰǳˣż뿪Ҳˡ
Ľٷʽƺ
ҪȻҲԼն̨˷Ժûβˡ
˴ģĪɣбʲôƣ
Ԩһɻ
¡뿪ǰҲû˵ΪԶˣ·бԭ
Ȼ֣ص˳ŵԨǰ˲١
԰¡͵λô˵ˣӦòܳƫ档
ڴ˷Ԩ񣬲żɳ
ǣն̨ڲȥ̽ı䶯뿴Ǻǲǳ쳣
⣬ǵ㣬ƣԵ쳣״
ոǳ类ͿĨһԣԶԶؿȥЩ߰㣬ڽš첹
Ԩ֪¡ȻȥѪܣھܵأȥ޸Ǹն̨Ƶ硣
ͻȻ
ԨظеǸɽ磬Լһ˿ϵ
ȻŽɫԵġ첹һƬɫ⺣ĵŬصͺĹϵѸٵر
Ԩ˼뵽ն̨ܣǧⳤ磬ࡱǸʱǸļƷ˸仯
ãݵĵĽṹȥ£
һչʶն̨ڵ鲻ͬػ
ڶʬأʱ֮б˪ڡ
УǿϽɫģ绷â
ѵ˵ն̨ӵšͬһ
Ϊһͷ̩̹ޣն̨׳ɳڲǰûһͼĹѪܣŸն̨ȫµ棿
Ԩ˼
оն̨ͬһ磬һ磬źȥı棬ǰǲڵġ
˵ΪնߣΪɱͨѹʱ߱
ն̨ƺһУ̩̹Żµ棡
ݴĻԻͣͷϵ̩̹ҪãȻԴͷͱһЩء
ĵѪ츳İٻţӶѪ֣
ȫӡѪޣն̨гɳţɢݳϢڶϢȫµ
ͬ磡
ϱ¡ѪҷǸǳն̨ϵжˡ
Ԩ٣Ҽ
ǡ
ȫµ棬ǴڵģҿԳģ
ն̨ǿʢһزûпܣһЩͺƵǳͬɲĺݣ
ǵģֻʺתΪϡȴ
ɣݵķˣҲ磿
·Ҫеͨݵķӣ۹Ĺ񣬾ܱ⣬ں嫵п֦ɢҶ
ڣĪɾ㣿
ͻȻ뵽ǧʱڳλħ׿һأ˺Ѫܣ˹شҲڷ
˵˵ҪӿѪܣһ
Ϊģһͷ̩̹
ʲô

ն̨񣬴ûƻǳ룬ֱӳűǿУһӾˣǻƶģСԨڡصǳ
ǸƶǳʵŵٶȣĻ
һ˿һۣԡ
ҲΨˣŻԵòۣŻѰ١
ǳĽ⣬ѩܡأĴţ͵͵Եúܵǡ
֪ͷصġѩܡʵ׷ȥѰԼ
ʡ㣬ʡɡ
ůûŲն̨صģʱ֮ܡ
ûٴƿռ䣬ôżģǳͷѩܵλ÷ȥ
֪ն̨Уֻڻӻܡ
ֻе㹻ǿԱն̨ܽİѪܣܺͻعעУܽԼն̨Ŵ
Ȼն̨չֳԺǺǿԿľΰ
ӦãҲ̫á
૵
ն̨Ĵڣ壬ŹǺӣܱŽϵ
֪ıڡԨڡһѩɽۣ֮̿شĥš
ûն̨ôңԶľ룬ͱ޷ɾϵġ
֪ʱıΣգͨն̨̼䣬˲Ƶն̨С
ﰡ
̾ǧĵȻعݣҪ취Ҫǿõ
ܲȥ磬Ǳߵѵն̨һ顣
̩̹ţһУȡն̨ϣٽһ֣ȵ껹Ҫֲ
ǧ⣬һҰɫĽ⣬ȻǺӡ
һɣľήĽ⣬ôԶɢһơ
ն̨ز׽
ή֮ϯ
ԨһҪն̨ϸʱǽȻʧֿˣ޼Ѱ
ôˣ¡𾪣Ϊ
Ԩɻһ룬־ò̫ܡ
԰¡ʮƽ֮Ѫλ׽ԣһھϯս˪֮ôֵð¡ꣿ
бˣ
һԨ뵽ڷөϢֶߡ
䣬Ļع飬ں̻ע⵽
ϯðͷһȣΪ˼˪
żʦá
ˣҪôڰҪôڹ·ϣȻ¡֪ˣԺܼУûּۻۣϵس뿪
ϯ˭
ȻڴҲԵøӴݵˡ



һǧʮ Ůʱڵĳ
ϯ֪Ԩİпӡ
̤Ű׹ɭɭġή֮һţʱ̧ͷ񷡣
һűУмѪﵽ߼ǿߣǵӣ˿̶ѪС
ή֮֮أľ㣬΢СĳҲϤնɱ
ϯǴӰ
ή֮Ϊ˵İڶų磬Ȼٻ޵ţľïܣǰ̽졣
ԼãǰĳأźĿή֮Ƶ
Ȼڰı֮أɲɵأʦͽ֪˷Ĺ䡣
֪˺ļλϣŻ㣬Ͳһص
֪ˣԨڷө򣬶ݵĸǿߣפɳ
Щʵ⡣
өģʦü˪
˵˼˪Ϣ֪ǾǿɵѾͷһɱө
өа¡Яš򺮾İ׽ޡ
ǣϯҲˡ
ө򲻾ãͿˣһĽⳤӡ
УܵˣڽڴܵĿֲ
ͬڵߣȫȻѹƣǵⳤƺ⡣
Ϊ޵ġή֮;ħϵĽޣˡήҲûڽڵĵ伮֮ϣĽ
Ľⳤӣܲĺۼ첻в
ӱƫǰЩⳤ;УƵɱ¾سҲֻնɱѪȼϸߵޡ
ַʽǿߣϣӽⳤǰɱλܿĶ֡
ֵǣζ֣ȺһӣȻûȵޡ
˵żİ׽ޣ˼ǿߣҲδ
Ը̸ͣ
ǧʱں̻ͨЭ˹ش˫˺Ȼں޵
屨
һԼ̫ˡ
ϯ䣬̻ͨڵƣڷөɱֻ߼ĸ߼ޡ
Сģ͵ˣûȥ⡣
ţҪҪſֽţή֮ܣĹʱͻȻ¶
ಣ
һͼԦšή֮ٴŵǿա
أԶһⳤӣеһƫŷ͸˪Ϣ
ϯʦã

ѵǳ֮ϣܰ㣬ˮ̬İ¡ڽɫУ͵ش˸顣
һλƽ֮Ѫ˴󣬱ࡣ
ΧĵװȰ׽ޣֽչһ
ͳ˧
װ룬ˡ࣬һ䡣
λ׽ޣȻûпһĿ⣬Ҳ˰¡ϣȻڵȺ¡
Ǹոע⵽¡ˮеԨƺйͨ
ֻǣһԨͺն̨ʧ
¡ҲһɫԶȥ
ǲַ֪ʲô֪¡ΪʲôἱҴҵظ
֮ǡˮ֮Ҫʱִܵ
սöԶ۽ڴˣ˻ġ
еĶǸ򲻳
¡ع˲䣬ͷ˺Ԩִעڵ¡
ڶĽⳤУۣͱҲûн֯һ
ȻⳤӣȻҲ򡰺Ԩڡ£ʵƫơ
ƫһ㣬ƫһ㱻¡񲶻
òԾ
ǣڿǵⳤӰκͻȻŤͷֿ˼˪
Ȼ
ڡļ˪ӣһֱǵƫ˵Ľⳤӡ
ڼ˪ĿƼСǵ㣬˸΢âУ·ʲô
޷ֹ
ɰ¡ǡִߣʥκ΢С䶯Ȼģܾظܡ
ͨϢã֪˪ڲʲô
ʲô
Ȼһⳤڣ̺ŵĽУĽ⣡
ǿ죬ǽɱһĴɣպͽڣ巽Ŀü˪ʲô
¡ԭȲΪ˪򽣣ʼûκεϸ΢仯
ոջżΪ仯ڳ֣
¡һһָͷָˡתزŪһ¡
ֹġͻȻƶһǿպơ
˪۾Ҳ˶޷ţǵƫеĽⳤӡ
ڶСǵ㣬͹âԣ˿ȫϨˡ
ŤͷƳһ۰¡
ԨҺܴľϲǰʲô᲻ҩʵ⡣ҲϣʵСԡҵ˸˴ۡ
¡Щɬ֮⣬п˼䣬˵㣬ҲͬҼϲ
У˪ɫƽԵþ䣬ƺΪ¡ԨһȻȤͰ¡˵ϼ仰ˡ
ǰΪڽͨṳ̂·
У˾޵Ĺ⻪ţУ˳سΪһߡţڽĳɾͣԲңʱ䣬˽ԪĴɣҲܡ
ΪϹָʸȥΪԪ񣡡
ϻɣǽһַĵĳݡ
û˱ԨԺ츳ˡҩ⣬ͨԨ곯ϦʱԨ
Ԩż˵һ仰ܵ㲦է֡
ʱͼţԨ츳ԣֻá
źǣԨʼδ̤һȻۿ޽֮£Դħ
֪һѣӵڵľս˶೤ʱ𣿡
˪ǣѵõģȻһЦ⡣
ܺ
¡ҡҡͷ
ʮꡣ˪˵
¡Ȼʧɫ

ڶལⳤУƫƷһȻһϸƥâԽˡ뵽˼˪ڡ
㵲סġ
˪˵ͻȻ䴩ԽʱգǰǸŮ
ֽĬĬԨһݵؿ



һǧʮ ĵϢ
Ԩ͡ѩܡˡ
ն̨ͣڽ֮ϣڵĺԨͨؿڶĽⳤУһȻš˪⡣
ǽ⣬ڸǣ
Ȼڡļ˪֪ôʹеġ˪⣬˹
ʮⳤУС˪ǵʧ
֡
Ԩһӵɻѽ⡣
ڶĽⳤӣ
Ϊһ˪⣿
ţͻȻǵڽʵĵײҲĽⰵ档
ֻСնĽ
ѵն´޵Ľ֮Уͬţڽڵһ⣿

ɽġѩܡһ̣һ͵˻
벻ѲôңԶģһⳤӣǿзŵٶȣѩܵ˻ؿʼ١
٣ⳤӵķŹ켣Ҳ
ǳֱߡ
Ԩûܿ΢֮ǵⳤӣʵʧˡѱ˪ڡ
ն̨ĹҰܿЩⳤӼ䣬ǳ
أأ
ѩܵͺţë׵ϣһŬɫ
ѪϢͻǳĺͽⳤԱߣͬŨĺڽŹͨ
Ԩɫһ
ƬⳤӵķţʵɡѩܡڰǶĺ
ǺһĽⳤӣأԨڡڵҪԨǰ
֮ǰ򸽽ûʻǳ磬Խⳤӱֱ
أԽԽˣʼǳ磬˵ⳤӵıؾ֮·ϡ
ⳤӣʱǳֱ߼ۣ»һſǳ
˿̣˵Ŭȥı佣ⳤӵй켣ٶ˲Żô࣬Ϊֹ·
өҲϲһط
ޣΪ
Ȼ룬ҲԸ⣬Щηڵⳤӵķţǳѡ
ʵǿԹȥġ
࣬ԨĲ̣ȥ̬
ᶨҡͷ
ԨһǿĺЦ·˵Եġ
޴ƣָ棬СԨڡڵļء
ָͷʱһӨȴ͵ĹԨı֡
ʰڷϥǣȾѩɽ֮۵Ԩ壬꼴񳹵׽ڣȻ˲䣬ȫҪ˼
޷컥ͨԨն̨Ҳһʱ
˵ҲҪҵ񣬳ɹشֻҺǽⳤΪף
Ԩѯʡ
ѩͷ
ˡ
Ԩǲٶ˵ʲô
ն̨ԶǿգʮƵǳ
оֹǡή֮ϯУԶ·ҲڿҪӽⳤʱĳǳ
ƺżȥȼ˪Ҳżˡ
Ȼˡ
ͻһҫԣƾԵǿð쳣ԵĿռ䲨
ѩܡУ͵¶бĹâǾ޴ƣֱӳŰҫԶȥҪûγȶͨǰͽ顣
ҲĴ㣬ͼˣĨɱ
ݣԨ
̻ͨε϶أǰҫ
Ԩһæ𣡡
ѩͣ֡
һѣҵѣŵù
ԨæͣΪᣬȵĴܣû֣չө
ĳʹȣȶȺҲһ
һеռ𵴣뵱ȻΪֻڰ
ͷөϣһεĿռֱͨһʯͷɡ
Σ»ûҪִͳʦδˡ
ˡ
ָͷСİҫ˸׳ΪȭȻ䳤
ֽŵΣӷ׵·Ҫռͨűն̨
Ĵؿڣһһ˦۶ЦȻû˵㻹ڷө򡣡
ԨЦþò֮ǰΪܸģҺʧ
˵ʵԴѶˣ˵Ӧû
ϧûܵȵԮ
ҺûȥȻϡһľţҡͷԵ˵ȣеϸ˹
ôˣԨ¡
ɨһۡѩܡüͷ΢塣
ȻŲѩܣûڡ
޷ߵˣڷөҡԨ̬
㣿
α죬˼˵ͷܣǹǺУΪ֮һ̻صУйһЩͼ¼һû̻ˣ벻ͨ
ϢͨûбǰǺаħࡣ
֮Ҫ飬Ϥ̫ࡣ
飬Ľ½صʱ̫ˣǰҲṳ̂ǿգԶԡܡеİ֪ܡ
˵ЩֻҪ֪ҰٷְСԨɫ
ðɡȻѽܣɼôر̬ҲûҴţ˷ܵ˵˻ع鰵һĵĴ£
ʲô£Ԩ
ʱǧѨѡַ֮˰һ硣һ򣬺ǺݣѨ˻ͨ
ӽԺ󣬺վһǿߺʹֱﰵ򣡡



һǧʮ ҫĿ
ݴ磬ȻͰͨˣ
δϢȻǾġ
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ֳֽͨתŽϯĽâ¡Ľڶס֮󣬾ȻƱڶ



һǧʮ սǹ
Ԩɫӵأն̨ڲšѩܡıӰ
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ͣһɫ䣬ƺ뵽ʲôһҪСģͻƵı᳤˵ûܹκһ
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ǽɵģصСУţԼȡһֵںߵɳ̲ϣŲ֪ʲôľ޴ˮ⣬ط
һߡ󡱵سţһЦأĪ״
Ĵ˷磬ֻһƴСʯ
ʯԨ͡ѩܡ磬ոԽģһ۵ǳ
ǳ֮ϣѵʯ֮Уûκ쳣Ϣ硣
޺ʬĵϣɫؿ޾ɣƱݺݵؽѵ
ǰնɱͷܣҿ԰ǣĺԨڳͨܺ
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Ī״ɲǼ䣬Ԩڵ磬ڱܵƤӵ£ͻȻʧΪİ
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˵ͷػӻ̸֣£ǾͲ̸ˡĪԼءڵķө򣬱ΣգΪ֮ɡ
Ŷ
Ī״ԭʧ



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
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Ҫδĳһ̣ĨɱĻǣȻԼĻפȡ֮
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Ԩն̨磬ն˵оӦ
ΪǷөʵͳߡ
ȻԨǷ˵Ȼһ䣡
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˪ԺɢڴصϢܻĴεսն̨һΪв𣬴Ӷòȱȫ
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һ̣ն̨ԽŨĺһⳤӡ
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ڶľĿ⣬Щⳤӣ˾˵쾰
ͬʱԨڵľ磬Ҳ֮𺳵ľޱ䣡



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˪ͫҫԣһϯͷ⡣
һⳤӣǴȻ˻
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ǧ֮ߣȾ巵ķ࣡
չӣѸٵ׳һűǳԭʼ£ֻϰС
㸹µһžݣǳ󣬵һ类˺ѿ

ڶ糺콣⣬նۣĹ꣬â⣬һ䡣
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һ죬һӨͫʵֱ̫עЩⳤڣСܡԨλá
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ֳԭʼ̬ǱһǳҪӴľֻ֮ڲʵξС
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ֳԭʼ̬£µǳԵС
εۻҵǿܣһһƬǿձգֺƵ޵ش
ܸܿܵˣܵǿҵ𺳡
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ɫ棬ܴȾ㣬þ巷ѨϴӿǺҲɫû
һüģӡѪľâӡħ̥ۣʹﵽ֮׵

Ѫ̳ĵһʱ¡ǹߣֱӰˡħ֮ᡱط

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λ׽ޣûзӦͷԼѾС
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
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ĸߣΪգۿһֻ۾

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һһмʮ⣬ЩĽⳤӷɳ
Щ֮ǰ߶ȥԶԶ𣬲ܼġ
ʮ⣬ǰΪ̲ļǨʧֻظ棬︴յྫ⡣
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ЩǽڵǱռӿ
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ҪںݵԹƳ֣ͳ񡣺̫أԳһأܹѪƫƫûںݽǻڸߣҲ޷ڱϽɱ䡣
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Ϊûָ۷壬ȵı壬ûкڣֻǲŸո
û֣֮ڵľʹⳤеĽ⣬ƺû취
ҪȴԼ֮



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λ춼󡱷ͳ˧ϧҪʱˣҲûá㣬Ϊʮսʿʱ̫ݣѪûиǧ꣬ķҾ¡

һ٣ʵǻԵУֻߵ̬
ȴǧ֮ߡ
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ѩ棬ǸСԨڡǳڣ˺ţƬƬ׹Ļ
棬һѩɽ֮۵Ԩ˶س˳
ܶչģĽϽǿߣܿԨ
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Юө򣬺ս
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෱ǣ磬һһ飬һһ
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վտɫľӨ̳صأʧȥڵػڶܹעǳ
̻ͨĵһ䣬ֻ֮ף֪Ԩʵͷ
ԣոԵԥ
˿̣ȷأ˵ôһͷһᾡ
Ҵǹȥ
ξڵͷ仰Ͼʹ򿪿ռͨ

ͻȻС
˵ߣŵľǳʧȥԺͻȻҫ˲ӵ׹ԡ
ȻʱһǿҵŤСԨڡصǳֱһˡ
ڣն̨͵ⳤڵǿա



һǧʮ 
һС磬һǿգ˲ִһǿգǺεȵ񼣣
Ŀ⣬˶ͱܵļսƿˣһⳤϷǿǳ
İУǳ쵰ͨű㲻
û˽ߣѩԵöôǳʱĿ
ģԨӰִƵն̨Ҳӳ
ǳ棬ǿ೤еμе໥֯ĽⳤӣתŲϼĽ⣬͸µĽ⡣
ǿǳڶĽⳤ֮ϣôĺгȻ
·ǧʹڵⳤ֮ϡ
ӦǶ
Ȼôǳ˲գڽⳤ֮ϣ˶
ʲôܹһ磬ִһǿգ
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˶ն̨Ȼͻ֮ʵıͷɢݳʵİӨ⣬סɱе
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ţֱ֮֮İѪܣԨû壬ѪСʱǳĵڶࡣ
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ƺһǺӣڵλ̻ܣάϵ࣬˲ԭΡ
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һŽʣһֻŵ֣СԨڡصץȥ
ǣ
Ǻϣǧұ˲ѿ



һǧʮ 𽣣
ǺǧļԨĶ˲ѣ
ұһؼ죬绯һɽ
ǵⳤУӦĽɳ뵽ЩұγɵɽһɽͻȻꡣ
һ̣ĿɽһƬ֮ô
һĻˣȻʧˣʲôҲƲ
ǽ̫ʢ̫ң۾ܳܵļ£
ۣۣ
ǧɣݿݵ̼䱻⽣͸
ϣǳӨ׵ͫҲ롣
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뺣ǱӨǳ󣬷׷뵽ĽⳤӣΪⳤӸ޵
ʮⳤӣǱӨǳ棬ŸӵĽŲ
콣󣡡
Զͼ˪ӦǿԶԶŽⳤӣŽ켣¶˷˼ı顣
ڵġ콣󡱣ҪٽڵĽɣֲŲ
Ľ󣬴ɽڵľɣ칬Ԫݶɣ̲ؼĴء
ڽڣҲܶʱڣôལɣԡ콣Ҳѳ֡
˭뵽ЩⳤӣȻɹչֳˡ콣󡱣
ұ뵽ⳤڣܻһɽ
ɽȥϽⳤǱǧĽ⽣ܣݱΪˡ콣󡱣
ݣݣ
ĽⳤӣѤö˵ĲʴΧ
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Ԩվ֮Ǿ߱úҲظС
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ʱ̬ʱѪŨʱԭأʱƮ졭
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ڣǧʯ֮У
ġ֮ڴˣ꣬ҲڣһĽⳤӣԴԴĽܡ
൱ȥ죬ֵؽڴˡ
ʷɱǿġֳ֮ն⶯ˡ콣󡱣ǿվҲмܡ
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ѩҪ̵ۣҲһѣ
ʼʼʹŭ
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౻ɢָ˱̬ľ巣أ׺ף̻Σ𾪵ؿƬޱѣĿǺӡ
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˵ǿ󣬻ܰУľϸ΢˼ĸ߶ȣ
һܹ꣬һǷǧ򣬲һƻٿŲͬĽ⽣⣬ʸȥԦĽ
ǽʷϣԪߣܳΪ콣󡱵ߡ
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ŵǣһ߼Ԧš콣󡱣һʹǧնֲͬķʽſն
ؼ䣬˭ܾһ䣬Ϊǧǧͷ
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죬Զ



һǧʮ 콣
ɫȻԵһ㲻档
Ϊ֪ߡ
̫ʼǶ֪Ԩĵһ˭ʱгһգ콣ԨУͷųεȿŵܣ
Ϊλǡ콣󡱵ִߣ
ϧǣڡ콣󡱱֮ǰλǺӡ
Ǳǿնɱ
ڴӴ֮ʼΪħΪ˺ħ档
Ϊħһ壬˺ǺУǧ
ݵ壬һδε̤ǺӣҲֻССְˣδܶҡħȺǿеϵλ
ڵγɣų貹ԣΪǺħУǿħҪҪâ
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Ĵħ񱴶̹˹ܹһ֮䣬ͷųǧħ꣬һǳԺָʹǧͬһʱ̣ȥͬ顣
飬ÿһ飬뷨ԽĴ㶼һ
̹˹Ŀ֮ħǧɵأǧΪذڲǣǣǻȻ
λնߣڹϵֶͬȥս
˵ħһɲҹһ磬籩ҹͷǸҹ˲ᡣ
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º󣬸ǿȥѯʣȥ̽Ѱࡣ
ҹ˿лֻ֪֪ڼ䣬Ĳϵؽ˽սǺǱʶƺڴܣΪĳ鷴á
Զ֪ǺǱʶǱ̹˹նߵħꡢ
Ϊ츳޵ħ֪£նߵӡ
һϢ䣬ǧͬͷ˾ְƿǧĵͨںݴڣλնרġ
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콣󡱵Ĳٿأжôǿ󣬻жôİ硣
ڣܷһ䣬ֳǧƻ˿һǧá
ڣǧ˿˲Ԧסǧ򽣹⽣⣡
ݣ
Ľ⣬ЯŲͬĽһĽⳤӷɳϮ
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ÿһǣͷɳǧ⣬ԴвͬĽ
ն̨ѸʧԨ֪콣󡱵Ųתʽ
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ʶ飬ƺһҲ
·;ڴ˵

㸹λһѵ˿ڣͻһ׵ǣҪܱĳѪͨʱߵⲻͬĽ⣬֯ȫµĽһŽ˿ڵǶȻѡ
ֻѪͫռ̫֮Ҫѵܡ
ಣ
ʮ⣬̺˪ܣڶұҵˮ⣬ֱĳͫ
ͫѪ֮ͨûγɣ޼ա
ſģɭɭ̳ŵĿǻУһѪܷ籩ӿܻһС
ȻһŵѪ֮籩ֱҵĽϮ
䣡
ǻըԼʧصѪܣըѪģʹİѡ
콣󡱼˽ڵ־⣬˷˪棬£ʱգ𣬴ĸ棬ȵȵص
һλλڵĴɣŻѪĽ򣬾У
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Ӵκһ쳣ӦģѹܴݻĽ˲Ϣ
Ҳĺһһ̥С
ĸоУԵĲǽڵġ콣󡱣ǽڵĴɣǧ꣬ںݲ͸Ĵ
һ֮ȥԺݵ淨棬ȥԿȥڶɡ
Уģһ糺콣⣬̺šն޵нƻɱľϣ˴
콣ޣܾչ
նǳû񹥻ϵˣѪѣอ鿪Ҳʹ
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ѾҪ壬ģ޾Ľ⡣
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ǲ֪֪ҪԨҪԨһʽԲⰲš֮
ԨǱ񽣣ͽⳤӣһֱڵɣ
ҪʶģԽԽǲԽԽ̿֡
ܾں̻ͨĵܾڵѵ˷ө
˿̾ͶڰڿЦ
ǣ벻˿̼Ԧš콣󡱣ַĶáնԨڵ֮һ
λڣǺۣ֮ŷɥնߣ



һǧʮ Ѫ
өһСصıԨֹ
İǺѩܡɻͷĿŽⳤӵķλôҲѲԵе㲻֪롣
Ȼ󣬻о޴ϲúң
ԭѾ˺ƴ׼㲻ϧһдۣө򲻸ڣҲҪݻԨĶᡣ
룬ܶظԨȡʱ䣬ȡȵ̻ڵ˵
Ϊˣϧ
ģǵԴľѪܹ֮Уµ
ִն̨Ԩܹڽĳ죬飬׷ݵѪԴͷٴθ
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ûϵǣδѣδԪԨŵⳤӵȻסﲻΪΪ

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Ҳ֪Ǳ񽣣ʱִ֮ס
ڡԨڡ
ѩܺãȻ̫ʡ
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һǧɸߣĶشͼ˸ŻɫڣտĹÿһͼ֮ϣԿŷġ
Щģһͷͷ壬ǧǰԭʼ̬
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ն̨һ˲ƣڱ콣Χ·ɿʯģޱȵն̨ȻŴǧ򱶡
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ն̨յȫյأѪɡ
ǿţϽɫڵ̩̹ޣͬѪ䣬·ӿࡣ

ն̨ԨܿһεѪն̨ڲأˮڴ󺣣˲ն̨һ֡
Ȼޱȴܣ˳ǿϽɫ
ҲҫɫͽɫĻâ



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̬ڡ콣룬иѪƬͲ飬塣
ն̨δ֪Ԩ춴㣬Ĳλһһɡ
ֳԭʼ̬ڶѪۣǣ౻ⶴҪѪյģŸǼΪɲ
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ͼڷǽɵ溣
λȻ֪һ춼󡱣뵽콣󡱣ƿסܽ
ԣǲźȥֹ
Զѩܡ͵ţһ˷ܿϲأ
ڵλɣֽգһֳһ˲Ƶأš콣󡱣ŵ糺콣⣬ϣѪڣﲻϵ˴
ɣɵһ㣬רĲ򽣾
Ǳڶལⳤӣ֯ġ콣󡱸𺳣ҲھܵأȥĽܡ
Ŭأȥ֪նľԼĽ

ЮͼȥģƬǽ;ǳڣϾӿ֮
εɫܣһǳɳƬλðĺ
ΪİˣƬɫء
ͷ̬ܽ֮Уƺе鷳㣬һ뺣ˣٴαһء
Ԩ˼
һǧãϸ¹۲ݡ콣󡱵һӣЩ뵽˺ܶԵĵط
Ϯɱʱܵؼԭʼ̬˱¶ľ㡣
ԭʼ̬£ƺǿʵҲֲ֤ġ콣󡱣ǡնҲδܽɱѿ
㣬֤ǵǿ
ԭʼ̬Ӵ޵У죬Ƶ˫ãѪͨҲʩչ
ǣԲ㣬ԵΪӷס
Ķ֣ͬȼԪǺӵʮѪսʿ
ֻǵĻǰ޾ѪܣԷ
Ʃڣ콣󡱺͡ն൱ڲڲϵس
ǿ죬Ҳںľܣ꣬ص󣬻޷ɱ
пܣûֻشƿ콣󡱣ɱ
죬ͨԪʮսʿĽ
һģλԪǶʮսʿأ
鶯磬Χͷǧ⣬ͨʥĴܣ
͹Ӵһζ翹յĽһ
ӣδӵõ
뵽⣬Ԩ·𿴵ˣģһͷͷǿվޣ壬ʮսʿΧɱ£ô
񣬱һ·Χţվ
ԣ֮·ѡںݿѡȫµ̬˵ķʽ
̳ҪҲѰ·
ǿ󣬲ѪܰƵҲʧ鶯̬
ΨˣڶǿΧʱɵرܿŲӴӰڶʥڻ
㱼䣬Ԩ·𿴵ںݵĹ˵ɽУԻԳìԻΧҰޣƣҰĻ档
ǿվޣܸ۷ǿΧɱĳƣ

һһ߿ȻһƻѪСأǾ߼͸ڲ֯Ѫȵغš
񣬶Ծ޵飬Ѫ˿
⣬ʱѨڵѪҲҲҧһڴڷѪ⡣
޵Ѫ⣬ζ̲¡
ľܡ
Ȼ䣬Ī״
ܺľˣҲɱֻش¡ͨƾڷػѪܡһЩⳤӿݽߣ㣬ͷܣ˵ûвˡ
Щ˹壬֮ôرܣػԨڣܸͺ⣬ΪܶĽܡ
ޣֻŷǿߣֻηвǵ˺ޡ
Ī״ڰ˹עʱ
Ԩ΢ᣬͷ
ܣֶն̨ſĪ״İӰڼ˪µǳ



һǧʮһ ͣ
˪ˣǰսλ׽޵ı硣
ĴݽߵĻɽ֮ģһŰɫӰžŵ磬ϳɡҫ̬֡
Ī״С
˺ӪȻӦúͽڵλɽǱأԭӦҪ͵ϮװϯȰ׽ޣöԶ
ΪͶԶأ޵Χ֮¡
ҹңҪǶԸөĸ̻ڣֻҪ㡭
Ī״ȻȻ
Ԩûɫȴ˼ƽϡ
ȻûʱȺ̻ͨʹܹӾĺԨĺףһԨڡ̻Ὣ
ֺ˹ʹħ׿˹ᡣ
꣬Ǳѹǽ򣬴˿̾ȻͨĪ״ߴЭ飬ݳԨڡԴΪԼ
΢΢̧ͷ˿ڻڳԨͫ䣬ʶͷ̵ľޣԶֻΪԼ롣
УҲãҲգеǻ飬ʱԱ
¡עµն̨֡ڰģȻҲ֮
Ī״ڰһ䡣
ն̨
ԨĿ⣬ջأҲ˽µİӨʯ
˲ͬ˿ģֻǻǵİӨԣն̨ڲʵһͷͷʬ
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ԨһڱǿܣڰʱһֱġѩܡѺЦŸϸ
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ΪĶҶһУ㾡У
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ܵͺ˼ͷҲն̨
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ļУԨһĺۼҲն̨ĺۼ
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ǽɵģƬεɫһʯȻɳ
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ʬȻͣ
ʯӰǱذⱻԨӶ𵽷Ч
˼˼ԨЦһ̧ͷŻѪľޣô֪ۣ֪ˣ
Զ֮ȥǸƵ죬ٴαѹںݴ硣ʬ̾
ԶƵ죡
Ԩ΢ͷҲͺһ
ө򣬺ɳţ˾޴Ķվᾪġ
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գʬ巣Σ֮׺ء
ǸƵˣڳλ˭ù



һǧʮ Ĳʣ
Ƶ죬Զ
Ԩ͡ѩܡʬļ֣ɫ΢䣬Ĭ
˳ƿεˣԨľԼ侲ȥ뺫ԶӰ졣
Ȼ֪Զζʲô
ڵĵԪ񾳵ĴޣںݵȨƺսۣ֮ǸƵ죬֮á
Ԫǿߣ
ֻֻ֣пӦ
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ͷһԨע⵽콣һִգһĲ£üΪҫĿҫ·ռ䡣
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ǽɵεƺƵĺˮȻӿǿʯ
ģһ޴ͼҲС
巣صˣʧȥĿԺ龪ȡ
ȭͷСʯͷĹ󣬳λ÷ȥ
һǧ
쿴
Ѫܵİ׺ףһɭ׵ĺңңָ򽣹ⳤڣ콣ܣʼȵˡ
أκ;巣ĿҲ֡
ʱġ콣󡱣һž޴ߵţɲһ⣬
ڶεʯҫ糺콣⣬ҲָֻҪ
ͬûնͷš
Ѫʸߵ̬׵˫⻪ԣЩնľȻ·ڻ⡣
Ԧն̨Ԩڡ콣УΪС
ǰأڰкﶷ
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εͺһ򽣹ⳤӵλ÷ȥ
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ģһǵѹƣʧӰ
ˮ֮жԶٱѹơ
һͬ˲ѹۣϸˡ콣󡱼룬ֻûǽʡܡƣԨƺڽĳֹͨ
ԶпܵĻҪڴ˵Ľ⣬һƾĽ⣬ȫؽڡ
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ӰҲĳصĨ



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ʲô
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һԨǡ콣ڣƳһۡ򺮾
ϣ¡ɫ䣬ϯ͵װ׽ޣ伫ʲôԨĸоУǷ·𰵺ɱ

ܼǴŭأ
ӦЩʱ򣬾͸֪˰¡Щ׽ޣҪԿ콣󡱣ҪԨǱߡ
¡ǿڡ򺮾ķţܲٴԺ档
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ڰģֲָĺڰܣǸ˰սǹһš콣Ԩȥ
ǹ⣬͸ˡ콣󡱣Ԩüʹ
ŵİսǹźڰ溮һ磡
֮ǿейԴû
һǳ磬ȻӰ绯ҹ谵ǿգҲ绮ʱֱӱڡ
˹˴ǹ
صħɺڰ
콣ڵԨȻ;ãǿգ类ī֭ͿĨڣҲƲһ
ܣ巣ε˵ӰҲȫڰû
ǻصǧ磬һڡ򺮾ӿĺڰĻһĽ
ΣûһƬǿգ
ˣˣ
֮һ޴ʯڣͻȻ˽
Ľ꣬Ԩλú󣬺Ȼȥ
Ԩر۹ǣͣպ
Ϥĸо
һٹ
еעĺڰ񽣿ʼ
ˣˣ
ǿ޹İţһɹɺƵѪܣѪСڣǾ֮ų
磬ǧϼ񣬴ѪСأֱ֫ٺ
ಣಣ
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Ȼ󣬽֣˷ʯ
⣬Ǵǿʯбһʯ䡣
ʯ˶ı䷽򣬲ִأҪִԨǰ
ʯѿ޴糺ʯ糺ҽ֭ˮʡ
ŨµĽܣϢδֽԨҡҷ
ڣ
еġ֮նգĽ⣬˲͸ˡ콣󡱣뵽ĺڰǿգ



һǧʮ һ
飬ϻ꣬ǣ£գаħ
Դնƥ⣬һʯɳѸٳ뽣ʣ͵ŵС
Ųն̨Ԩһ˲ƵضŽ
ĻǣѪǿ鰵ء֮ʯнžʽ¹켣
㱼䣬翴һλӰֳ񽣣ϸ²֮
ڶལеĻɬ֣ʱ
ĻǱеĽ꣬Żͨ
ͨ񽣸һС
񽣣·ֱۣ֫졣
ҪֻֽҪһߣϸ΢Ľ֮켣
ĻѪӿռƣɵͽȥ
ۣǱ񽣵ÿһα仯Ȼġ
񽣣ҲܳΪۣܴ͸ڰܿ뿴һС
ĸ꣬ȥ׽ľ
Եĺڰ񽣻һ糺ǣȡ˽ⳤеĲֽܣ͸콣󡱵ǣȻ˺˺ڰ
糺֮ڵĻ˺
Ҳһ̣Χġ콣󡱣͵ɢ
һĽⳤӣ糺ǣ뵽ԨȥĽʡ
ʣ޵׶㣬ǧģһⳤ˲û
˶ֱ
糺ǣͷųөĲеĿֲ⣡

糺ǵܱǿգ·ܲŵĽ⣬ѳܼĿռ϶಻֪Ĺէ֡
ܿǵ糺ǣܿһĻˣȫס˺
죡
˵Уʱӿֳ֡
ɣɼŶ֮µ񽣣µĽܣһγɵĽȻ˿ţ

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ͳ˧
ϯװ׽ޣֱֻ󱳣򣬻Ҫ
ŨѪܣע뵽¡ڣҪ¡Ӳ˽
ֻǡ

һ΢С糺콣⣬ǡǡз̵㣬׼пˣ֡ѩܡĽ˿
ķģԶʱġȻױݻ١
һ׼ʥʹ˱ϣ
ಣ
糺ɫǣЮž춯صĽ⣬͵ǿڡ򺮾
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ۿն䣬ƺһͻȻ³һڽɫѪæװϯȰ׽ޣһѳˮ
ȱܷâ
ˮסˣâһƾʧ
꣡
ǿڡ򺮾糺ǳƣֲĽ˺飬΢СƬǿա
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һš
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Ԩѩɽۣ֮һűӨˮƴ
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ʣ꣬к壬֮Ȼ͸Ԩڡ
񽣣Ƹˡ֮ǿķֱݴľĺԨȻʧ١
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֪Ժݴ磬˸顣
񽣣֮еĽ꣬Ȼ֪˼룬֪ԸԻ俪ͨԨڡָͨ
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Ϊ񽣣ӦùԹԨУԨݺǺӣ߳硣
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˪һ߽˵룬֪ô¡
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ԶˣȻһͬĿ¶֮ɫ
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ܹúĽСǣѭǵĽݴ硣
죬ǴˣǵĴԸ
۵귢ʲôλڵǰŻ塣
˪̾һ˵ʵΣʱһⳤӶǵѹƣĲˡԽи飬ƫġ



һǧʮ ܵı
֮عݣ
κ˵ʼδģ⵽˼㡣
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䣡
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̬񽣣ûǧĽܣһն
ԨǴ˽ļԦߣ
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񽣣ƿ޾ĺڰ˺˹ĺڰƺ⣬ð¡İսǹѡ
ഫġҲȫϣѱ޸
񽣣ͨˡԨڡƺͱӻݵġ֮ǿйһĽ桭
뵽ǰĿֲ巣κͰ׺ףٴοԨʱ񶼱ˡ
ֻ֪ԨʵͷأһĵȻ·֪ȻǵնߣȻն̨ڽ£ԨӦЩ
Ǳ
ڡħ֮ᡱϵأɫƽȵѯʡ
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ΪʶħؽѪ̳ᱻն̨ȡܡ
ԨΪ֮صն̨ԴԺ
λռģսɵĽ⣬˺ݵĽڡ
Ԩͳ
Ϊڳ򡰺Ԩڡ֮ǰǸأ֪Եɡ
ѭԸЩɲĽ֮Ȼغݣ򽣿ߡ
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ԨûǣĿκ;֮͸ϸ˿ڣѩëܶʧġѩܡ㻹𣿡
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УĪ״ͶԶͷ·𿴵˺Ԩڡ
ĬĬ֪ʲô
ΨС˪֮˪ȻԱߣһ˫Ŀеأն̨ϵԨ
ƺ״Ρ



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һϮµļ˪ʾ䣬ѩɽ֮ۡ
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Ԩ֮
Ŀԡ
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¡ҡҡͷ޿κε̾Ϣһұˣǹըѣ򺮾ҲˣԹͨңԿԺһϣû

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Ǳܣǿеͷؾʶͨеˮ򴫵ݹȥ
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өûˣӯĺܣȻҲݵ𴦡
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ݴ磬˶ԶأʧȥһȶġԨڡ
ݣͱѡµǿգٽһԨڡ
巣εˣҲ˳ƿҲڴ
Ԩȴҡͷ



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ҡͷȻǾܾ
ŶԶĪ״ˣо巡࣬ȫԺݴ磬ȴͬӪǿڴԨҡͷܾ
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ѵģ֪ʲô
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һƬӲӵĹԣ·ѪľγɣԶӦǰڷšԨڡλס
壬ʧȥһǺҲӦʧȥһԨڡ
ٿܣž巣Ī״ˣ֪Ԩȹ̺ݣڵǣû´һԨڳȻˣԨն̨Ԩڡ
գеİսǹ͵شء

ǧУи˺磬ñʹĴأΪʯ
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өҪΪĲãѾû塣
ֱڣʶն̨죬ө򣬿ݡԨڡ㣬ǾҲ£ڡ
ȻһξѪһϢϢأΪʼ壡
һǧ꣬Ҳ̤һϣ
һ壡

ŨĺڰˮݳǱӴܵİ¡һڰƮԶ
ƮŰ֮ء
ǳıڷ׷˺ѣ¡ѾѪͨˮֱңԶһǳڡ
˿̵Ҳֻ̻ƽ֮Ѫͷˮڵİܡ
ڰģڰ溮ܣСȵǿΣ巣֮׺Ī״أԨΧ֮£һ·ѪɽأĴ鼰ռѷǿշš
巵׷ᣬâ̶ܣ֮ӿڰ
ڰֻԹ֮ںڰŰ¡ԼһֱͰ¡źʵľ롣
ಣ
ԭʼ̬Ԩڰ;ͣ
˿̵İ¡ѾսڷөıһͿˡ
һλʮĻƽޣôһ³ҲǺϡġ
ͱľͷһǺڣ˲ϢֻͨҪһ𣬻ն̨˲ִС
֪ڵһƬãԨڡҲڰն̨޸ڲĲȱ
ͲҪĻع顣
о巣أĪ״Ρ׺ף¡֮·᲻ϵˡ
˽ȥҲֻڰ¡ϣһЩ˿ڡ
ӵս壬壬лͬ޷һɱͬð¡
Ȼˡ
̧ͷ˿ƬŨ֮΢΢һЦ󣬾ƮȻ롣
ããڲ˪ն˪֮ѩ׽УͰڷϥ֮ϣĽʣϾӿŴ˵غܡ
ܣ뽣ԺֱĻͥСأû֫ٺ
Ȼ󣬱Խϴһࡣ
һۣԨ㿴ѵ࣬ϸ˿Ľ˿˴롣
¡һӦû뵽
˪ۣâڣСɵϣзɵЦ⣬û뵽ǸֱӴݻˣٵĳ׵ס
Ԩ΢Цŵͷ
٣͸Ľߣܹ˺ҡΪԳṩҳөǰ˵޷ĵزҵѪ֮Ҫ
˪¶ٺұ飬ΪˣЩ˿ѱøǿԣÿĥһ㣬Ҳһ㡣
ҪлͷܣŪĺĺܱҵġ˪ƻҲΪЧ
óƵȬֻʱ⡣
񡭡
ԾȣԨҿ档
ҲǿںϢϢصѱҰ֮󣬶ն̨Ԩ΢Ц
Ҹոտˡ˪죬֪Ľ
ô֪ԨȻ
Ϊ㣬ûʧǰȻҲһδοڳԣ㣬ÿÿƳĵ裬ЩҩЧã˵һģһ
˵ʱϻɣҩڵ㣬̤·ս㵱Ƶĵ裬ʵһġ

ԨЦţǰҲѧ
өĻѵ;˿̻ûбǳֻʣǼת˭Ҳ޷ı䡣
õԨڡԨҲںܷ񱣴ˡ
ͼ˪ˣںڱ˿֪ĵطϥ̸
ʱ䣬ƺ˶ͣû塣
֪˶á
ʦ֣ʵпԵģûҪ㡭
˪Ȼôһ䣬ҲűøȺҹΡǰ漸ҵʱʵǿ
ɱңҩݣƣº󶼲׷
ûôʼڶܣû
棬ͻھҵġ˪֮ЩӦԡҾķˣź˵˼䣬ĴϣĵȺȥ
˵һ漣֣˵лع죡
תȷ⣬ҲȷŪģƺΪѾ֪Ҫôת⣬ҪôֱӾͱ˸
⣬˪ͣ



һǧʮ ֮
˪һϯԨ˳ʱĳĬ
ƵĻӳҢĿУʵԨһء
ǣԳҢƫûغݣԼûŪǰǲŵġ
˵ⷬģǳҢǱ˼˪
תȷʵ⣬ʦҲ֪ûöת³
Ȼ䣬뵽ҷĸģλڵĴޣһֱҩڡ
Բѵ˵ҪҩںڣȫΪսߺʹ޳ṩߡ
λԸִƫھޣҩڣȻϽعݡ
˵ǰĳ죬ԶѯʹûȤܻһ˺ݣæһˡ
˵ԶҪˣǶаħһһľжԼ
ѵǡԶ
ʦǱԶвȣ֪ڵҪԼΪ˱µķתֽţ
ʦֵΪ˱ȫԼԼܹӲдĻȥ
ҢҲ˵öתֻԼߣ
񣬽˪˵Ԩʱˡ
ģѵһֱԼô
૵
Σطݣӳ೾֤
˪Եú侲ⷬ˵ü˵ӵ״̬̫ͻƵھԺ󣬾ٹҩڵ鶼Ÿ˳ҢԼ¶棬Ҳôҩ
Ҳ£ӦòԾ

ԨɫҲû
ػӳ೾һĻĻתǰϸڡ
ûҩ֮λʱӳ೾һֱӹҩԺӳ೾תһͣƣƿ硣
кܳһʱ䣬ӳ೾û棬˫Ҳûⲻìܡ
ԣöתʱҲеκ;졣
Ϊӳ೾Ҫҩڵ֮λ
ػꡢݼѺ˽㷢֣ʦֶƺ⡣
ӳ೾ܿͽ񽻸˳ҢҢԼ¡
ӳ೾Ȼ̰ȨƣΪıᱦ
°ͣԨͫģԺŵͷʱһ˺ˡ
ţڻȥǷޡ˪ǹһЦݡ
һ񣬾ӵսܱóޣսʿѪħħ񣬹Żںħھޡ
Ԩȫµĺݴ磬Ժˡ
Ϊڡ̻ᣬѴĬܵЭ顣
ںݣ˫ѪսΪ˱˴˵ìܣҵĸź顣
˾£ֳն̨ӷөھԨڡԨԴҡڵں߶
õԨڡᱻΪǱҲһֻ۱һֻۡ
㻹˵Ưãе㻳ݡ
Ԩ򦣬ʱķөĪ״Ǻ;巡ε
һͬĵˣвݵ鷳Ǹ̤˺ͻϰԵ֡
Ƿз磬ǷгԹ
ȶ⣬ﶷǺݵһ᷽롣
Ԩڡ֣̰Ѩ׵ػغݣ֮ܽõҲʦŪࡣ
ֱˣֿʼ˵ŻȥԺ󣬸Ρ
ʱλ׽ţͼ份ѵȻûָǵףһ·໺ţǿյһˡ
ļƣҪ̫ãө
¡һƬڰţطϵشѶϯ˵ע⡣
Ҳ˿巵˸ź棬԰¡ĹƳλ׽ޣһʱӭȥ
ͬʱ
޻򣬴䱣ħʵǿߣǰө;УͲܼκ׿ȳԺݵǿ߻档
˫ֻǴһ棬һӿ˷ө
һȥͿԭȻǺһƬǽ壬Ĵڱѵǳʯ
ã޻ǰƣǳ粻档
⡭
ħһںŻеǺӣɫͻȻ
˷ǿգûбѺ½ǰΪħе̳ҲĴ֪߮өΪ
ڣөƺ˭Ҳı䲻ˡ
ô
ԶĲܼ󣬺κ׿ȺݵĴޣ̽޻ûʲôֺ󣬲Ŵ˽ҲǰһĻ𾪡

һϮ£ű۵ͫعճǿվԶȥӰ̬ǿվޣݻ˷өֻǣͷбľޣôǵĿ񱩣
ʣ䱵Ŀ⣬˳ȥ
ϧʲôҲû
¡
һХ⵽һƬڰϤϢš
Ƭڰ֮󣬾巡ε֡
Ӱ俪Ԩڡк䱵ˣȫסˡ
ʮĻƽޣķө򣬾Ȼ׷Ŵɱ
ʲô
ǺͰ¡йӴ֪λĴͳ˧˹һѲսǷֳر
һλƽޣ̫ܱ巣ءЩˣƵǱ
ǣ¡ˣ̫࣬Ż
غ
ܵ쳹ڷөĸҲ˵Ĺע
ֻͷܣͷŲ£һʵѩ壬ļǣһλѸٷȥ
ն̨
Ԩ
Ǻ룬ͷŰӨԵն̨Ҳӳ
ô



һǧٰʮ ǿ
ô
Ԩ֮ͨն̨ϵǺһǼ䣬ǿյİӨ̨档
ѪʣЦݲõأңԶ⣬ոˡ
˪Ȼںڣڵеĺܣϴอơ
ıն̨ڲܡԨڡʱСϸ΢仯˿̲뿪
Ҳúͼ˪̫ܡ
ǣعն̨¶档
ŴǧٱϢն̨ǿߺ͹עܹھǿߣطӵ
ΪСԡ
ѯʺ󣬾εط֣ʵûע⵽Ǻն̨ȣС
ն̨ЩӰġԨֻ֮ΪЩ˷ն̨֪ն̨УԲȻغ֡
ʵǿ
̫Դˡ
űӣЦѪܡ
䣡
ԭ̬ն̨ȣ֪СٱԳһġšѪ֮ط̬֮ر˰ٱ
һλԼģȴתԶܣӴࡣ
һѪųɫâѪ֮췱ǰ㣬ھѪУϳͨط
鲼֫ͷǵĽܺͷųϢڴеĹԳ
ݣԨ
׷ӰƫƵȻӦϸն̨Ƽն̨ϷȻŴӰ
ΣԨ¶Ѫζܡ
ǣϤͷԳ
ͳ죬ʱԳҪȻ֪ͷԳķɶ
ǧ类Ԩ¡
ɫۣ¶Ĺ˸һߵһ߰۲˼
Ϊǽħصĺ䱣ħʣеħ׹Ҳһ𾪵ؿҲò֪롣
ͷһөľ侪
֮壬ԳܣҴˡ
κƺͨʲôϣǾϲ֮ɫϲǣһǴˣһ߿˸ԴѪܣԱ仯ǧǰǱȫѱˡ
ȻԨʲôʲô
ԻΪĴĴȴòп
Ҿ֪һܴǾϲʺٺٹЦ
һĽ½صӴԨĽꡣ
ʶĽ꣬ȻԨʱԾ
棬һ䣬Ԩ֣Ǻӣ˴ԡ
̫ʼÿÿ˵Ԩʱ顭
ڵĵλҪԣԶء
ش̫ʼǶȷ֤Ԩʵݣ֪Ԩ˭ˡ
ʲ֪飬ȴָооԨСһ򵥣ҺڵԨԴ
ԣôһ˵϶Լжϡ

һߵĲܼڵκ׿˺ͻˣڶǿ࣬ߺȡ
һĹ΢֮иġ
ڲҫУ͸ռܣʶҲݹȥ
˵ĶԶͼ˪ں̫Զ̤һѵұѯ
û£̫ģԨ˺Ԩڣն̨
϶ӲܼеĹʯʯսĲкǿա
Ԩ
ܼɫӡ
ԥһ£ͷκ׿λżڡ̻˶֮֡Ū״ȻȷԨڻڡ
Щ˻ͷ
ȥŪ
仰һܼĵڷɳһ߲
ڣԵĿռϢ
Ĵأһռʯ̨Ҳܼ߶ͻȻԵ
ܼУһóĹŲƵĹ
֮СɵĹͺأʼǿзš
·ʯ׷ױ
˹ΪϵĿռ޷Ųֱܼӽпռ˲ơ
ֻǣڲһռУУϿķƶ
ܼ󣡡
ۣк䱵ˣķٶ
Ȼϸһ£ֻǲܼһˣֶʱ
֪ΪΣǶþľޱ䣬ҷͷөĥѣͻƵԨѾõɱ䡣
Ԩȫɳܼһ˹ȥֵˡ
˶ġ
飬ǰ
šˮ֮һܼһæǿն̨˺ԨڣҲɱܼڵĹ屦һεɱ
Ԩ졣
ڷөȻԨྪ˾ٶ嵽ˡ
ʶľãڵԨսϲھ
ն̨֣ܼðȻǰпܱԨش
Ǵɱ
¡ԺݵĵжողŻ
ɲ뿴Ԩɱ˲ܼڵĺԶڵ˫ֱڷөָһ

ּ˪ĺͻȻɢ˪֮Ҳ
峺Ƴһ¾ʧһʲô
ûûʲôҾºǰɱ˲ܼ󣬽Ūĸء
Сӣûô˪˵
ҪǺǰǿˡϽ͡
ô˵˪ɫźһЩûٳԺǳ⡣



һǧٰʮһ ܣ
ŵҫУܼŴڣңʯ鲼ĺǿա
ϣ¶Цõı顣
Ԩ˵Ļ˪ĶԻ
ͻƵԺ󣬾ͱΪھµǿʵڻξʱҲΪξǿ
һֱ۴ʲô磬һǿߡ
㣬ֹڣڡԪڣħҲһϿɡ
Ϊܼÿһÿһͻƣߵļȣ
ˣ죬֮£Ըٶͻƾ磬ű츳ڣδ
ȻֻףľȻһ㣬ȴ覴á
飬ǣǶԴĲû
Ҳţһ̣ʲô磬ZҢԯĪ⣬֮֮ӣ˲䰫һء
ĵڣ
Сˮ֮ƺĴɣȻӽʱҵذԨԨ³ç嶯֮ɱԼ
УѵԨѾԼ
˪֮ȻҲͬ£
ܼԨλɣ̬ȥԨǿǸо衣
ΪΪĵطλˡ
ͬ޵Уˣ
֡
ն̨ԨһƣǱ㹴ЦݣˣҺͲһʣô˺
䱡ʺͰ׹кҲˣװˡ
ͨն̨ĹҰһ·Զ룬ҲƬڰŰ¡ϯװˣͬڳ롣
ڰ¡Ļƽ֮ѪȻڷڣȴһǿ֮ĩĸо
֪ΪʲôԨܾλ޴ͳ˧ʮа˾ţΪս
걾ԴжԺԶ̫ʼ֪
ڤڤУ·Ӧ˿̷өı֮أŴֲ
¡ε֮·ء
ն̨ԭΪǱأԦšħ֮ᡱ׷Ƭڰʱ۾Ȼһ
֮׷ɱٶȣԷŻˡ
·ʶڵľ뢣ǱƬڰıؾ֮·ֻ¡Ͷ
أ
ܼδͷѩܡһ
һ֡¡ɫ֮ǣһľѪͷԵϢ
νġ¡Ƿөĵǡ
ѣǵԱ˹
ַرȻţ͵ţ˵ʲô
ûȥ࿴ܼҲûд𴦵ĹܣԨתǰıܣͿ
һ£ԨׯصҾΪ
ֺǺǵغЦǡ¡ҷţն̨
ն̨ͷųİӨԣںĿܺͷʶеԨ壬ĵؽ⿪
ɣһ֡¡ĳֱ롣

ն̨ڲ磬˪ʬ֮أһСС¡
һ£ն̨һͣסһѪ״ƱͻȻˣܵҪ롣
һԨı֮ϡ
ͷǵιܹϰСԲ״ܣڼȡѪ˿˿ƵߣѪڽô͡
̩̹ͬޣһѪΪĳλû
ֻҪһն̨ڲķܣͻữ磬£Ѫ
Ȼûô
ûƻس飬´˺ü͡
һСС£ն̨Ѱۺϴ˵ص졣
ǵѪǷȱᾡ㡣
ҪͷѩܡĻرҪִƵն̨ѩܵµ֡
һԡѩܡΪ棬ΪѪԴͷȫ顣
ģΪңΪλһУõҪĶ
ն̨ϷԨ񣬳Цŵ
ػǵⳤӶ꣬뵽Ϊ˽ԼԼө򣬵ǡԨڡڡ
ס˼˪ΪˣԼ
ΪѭԸΪӦԼնߣЩ飬Ԩܸж
ˣʲôҪ󶼲֡
ء
ͺŸм
ӦõģӦõģһᾡܡ
ԨЦЦۿܼԽԽ˪ƵƵһ
ն̨֮˶С
ܿ죬̬ն̨£ӨĻǣ˲Ƽ浽ʲô
ֻܣԼ俴һ£ոγɡ
ʦ㣬ƻðɣ
ѯʣȿ˪ͷɫصһ䣬ʦ˵̫أķˣ䵽еİٴ취࣬عԺҲֻܵеĳϣΪ߽֮
ΣԶҲûʲôˡ
˪ϸע⵽Զѣ⣬ҲҴܣ궼ˡ
ԶĻԲѣʧأһˡ
٣š
˪ս⣬ʲôˣӲڵĸģԪڵȺҷӯ硣޵ᣬҲսˡ

һ̾ڣݵʧȷʵԽܡʱ䣬ôǿߡ
һش٣˭Ҳ㲻ֻȥԡܼԶ£ڵݹ˵ݵһٿʼˣ統Ʒ壬꽫ǰ㡣
һͼ˪
ն̨ϣԨҲĿ¶ɫ



һǧٰʮ β
ش٣
Ժݣ
ܼһϯöڴ˵ˣϵıʱϾ
˵ⷬˣǲܼԨΣΪǴʴʡ
֪ܼ󣬾Ǻ˵˵ˣҲܼԣԶݳġ
ת⣬Ԩ֮ģָ˺ԶԴƫ
ȻӺԶжϡ
Ϊ̫ںԶĴԣ֪˾ͨŰԣóصռ֮Լ֪δ
ԶȻ˵ݽһش٣Ǿ;޵ķʸ
Сӣ
ҲȻɫ֮󣬵ȵʲôʱóĽۣǴɳ뿪ǰûô˵
˪Ҳۿ
ҫն̨֮Ĳܼȿһͼ˪ȻԨ
Ȼ֪ۼ˪ǡˮ֮Ԩǰϵܡ
ԥɫɳһЩ֡ƺԨ춴λԴ֮񡭡
Ԩ춴Դ֮ߣͺкιϵæʡ
ܼҡͷغݣ֤ѴҴҷغݣƺҪԪڡǽڣħһȥҪ£
ȥˣ
š
һһʺ˳Ĭ
˪죬ȴûг׷ʲô֪Զغݣҽڵ飬Ͳżˡ
ǣȥԺλŵԪӦû֪顣
Դ֮񡭡
ԨģȻӯǷǺ޻֮ǰ֮أģ֪ڶء
ȷŽߵġԴ֮񡱣ǸֵĴ鷳ǻע⡣
ֻǣλԴ֮ѵӰݣúݷ٣
Ԩ㿴úԨڡԵĻҪ콻ڣź㰲ܼ֣ص˵
ġԨЦЦ
ԲܼкøУ֮ǰҪɳʱҲΪżܼ󣬲ű˺ܶķš
˱ϾΪڰԶ֮ǿߣܿǵӰ͵ǵĶԻ
ԣñӣ˵ʲô˵ʲô
ǰͽҰɡ
ܼվڹڣ֣ǵĴңа취ܻȻָֻǣڵ鷳ˡΪ
ҲˣԶķڵ䵽Ժ󣬽ʲôΪ
ģҲǾܵأöԶס񾳽磬Ҫܵʴ֮
ǾͰˡ
Ǹɴ࣬Ϊ֪ܼ汦ڶ࣬ΪҲסֱӷŵǰԶ˽ȥ
Ҳʱ
ն̨ԨȻ˷Ǻӵı߽硣
ֹܷҰɳƵ˻ͬ쳣
һƬڰŰ¡λ׽ޣ;棬ƺոөȥһƫԶǺӡ
ǺӽӵأԨͨµն̨Ӧˡأ
صӵߣ̫ʼ
̫ʼΪѹ½أͭ޹ݷ֮ʣƻ죬߷졣
ĻأȻǷλ¶Ϣζʲô
ն̨ҰԨƬڰͼʲôͼ»عөȴ
ˮɢݵľڰŰ¡λ׽ޣһͷһˡ
̫ʼԦĻأ
˿̣ԨʶǰĸоȻǶԵģ
̫ʼ֣¡ʮĻƽޣ֮£Ȼڽӣ
壬˹ش¡λ׽޵ǺӵĵλͻȻ
¡ǲǳˣ
ֻ̫ܲ࣬ǿһƬڰȻŤȻ㲻ܿƵأһǺӵʲôסһ˽ȥ
ƬڰƱȵģڼܣȴ
ڰУڷөɱķǿߡ
úݸеͷۣڼδģսۣ쳣ͻ޴ͳ˧
ôˣ
˹ӵΪλκһڰ򺮾ʱӻذ򡣰¡˹ûǸ˪΢䣬ϯʦ㣬նɱҲȷӦ
¡Ϣòܼ͵ؼˣû뵽өⳡ֣ܹһλƽ޵սᣡ
ͳԶֹөһʮ֮ࡣ
ɻƽޣ˹⣬ǰ¡ˡ
ʮѪսʿɢʵǺٵġ
ǿħʱӵĵλħ񣬱ĵһǻ飬Ҳλʮ۷սʿ
ˣҲˡ
ԣ¡νش
өĻ𣬱˺ҪĶࡣ

ͻȻ䣬ܷһʹĺС
Ԩһ˳Ŀȥע⵽ͷеǿվޣһ֪ǺʱǺӶȻң
·ǧٸǳ˲˾޴ĵݣ˶ͷųҫĿĹԣ
ôһõƺ͵˹
ϧո֮ʹӷөȥһǺӣһԴԵ֮ء
򣡡
ܼ˾쵽ˣܹ죬Ǹͳ߾һżսʿڹҲӡΪʲôͻȻͷųô۵Ĺâڶǳ
ǿ˼˪侲˵
˼峤ǿУڱ̹˹۷ǿߡ
˹ǰһ㣬ǿյĵڶ
ĳ֣ȻΪ
ЩϼһһһġܼɫӲ



һǧٰʮ й
̫ʼڰɱ¡
˼ҲһǺӱأȺʱ
˵өľ䣬ںλ峤ʵ
ңҲж
Ȼûܼʱ֣ûںʵص㣬谢¡ӭͷʹ
Ϊûөûڷөڲ԰¡֣ǣƫƫҪ˺Ϳ״̬Ϊӳʱ֣
¡ɣҪᲿѪ⡣
һŤγɣ̻εǾӷӣӯ˳
ֺϣЦݣȴ飬ϯǵˣ¡ɱ͸ĺѪħһ֣ԣ½أǧ磬ڳ̫鷳¡

οЦ˹͸׿ˣһֱûŪǵĶλ̹˹ͷ˼Ҳ޳ǵķ룬ƽʱ򣬾ƾ͸׿ˣôǵ·
޼ʵǺӣԪħĴ峤̹˹
ưǿյ壬ڻҪҪԶ
ͷˣں̻ʾ֧֣п˼кӦ壬壬Ů׷׸ͣ˹͸׿ƫҪֵ˲Ź֣
׿һأ˹ش֮£뿪񣬰¡ҪˡҲᱻ˼һѪ⡣⣬ڴ֮£翹³ɫĮȻ
Ԩ˪ܼⷬ˼졣
Ԩǣں̻ͨټϱ̹˹˼ϣȷɨϰ
޼ѪħȻǱ̹˹ħĶ֣͸ôһ³
ΪʲôûөԨɻ

غХն̨ͣסȶ⣬Цָܼ󣬡ƵСϣ
Ԩ㶣ûӦ
ƵڣԶʱ١
˵ԶʱɫҲ̫ȻƺڤڤУоһĿ⣬ڶ򣬰￴һ¡
ԽĴڣ˵Զ֣ԽױԷ֪
ǷӣѪȼϵ͵壬ʱ˵Զֻͻ꺣ڣһ˿С
̫⡣
̫ʼҲãλ֮ŮҲգǱߵ̬ȡ
ٴοʱȿһնֱ̨Ԩڣ뵽ն̨棬ǲŰһ
ǵĵ⣬Ҳˣͬڵĵ⡣ܼЦݹ졣
ԭˡԨͷ
ڶˡ
Ԩڡûն̨ǰ̫ʼͿ˼ᵣģǱߵԪޣ񣬻ͨԨڡӾĺԨĺֱӽ٣
⣬ܼŵġƵ족ҲúԶ˲Ϣִ
𿴺Զû֮ǰȻɳûܸоөľ䡣
¡ŪĶӦ;
ȫҪ˶ãڷө
ˣֱӸԤı֣һá
̫ʼͿ˼˼Ҳ˼ɺݵԪ񣬺
ͬģԶҲڻҵķө򰵴ǱڵĶû翨˼۷ϡ
˫¶Էʩƣڲִټû׼ȫ̲
Ϊһʼөⳡңһ⡣
Ⲣѡս
ǿԻȥˡ
κһʾܼ󣬻˪뿪ө
ǺݣһҪģԨ춴Դ֮ᡣܼ˵ͷ˵˵˼ϣ̻ڣҲܲ롣һЩ֣һݣһٽںݷ
΢𣬵һᴫ
ˡ
ܼЦЦȻвʱԨļ˪ʱˣǲش뿪ֱȥɳСǶǵ˽ӦӦóʲô⡣
˵ֱӽԦҫ
˪أһԨҲ뵽ڡ
ܼϴѶˣˣκ׿ڽӽŵĴޣֱӸĵɳȥ

ԦŹԨءεע£ƮԶȥ
̫ʼǱҲзԸʱͣ˫սȹͬѰһʵɭ򣬰úúԨ˵ص˵
ͷͷܣʼػԨͻȻһܹҵѵԨڵ䣬ӦҲܰæ
ȷԡͬ⡣
Ϊħ嵱츳ߣֹ֪ڡܡĴ˵֪ͷصġܡǺ༫أзǳĸ֪
ȻԨڣŵⳤӣҲΪԨڣҵһʵš
ԨԵĻҪͨ
ڨЦ̻ǱһȫЭҪʲô̻ᶼᾡ㡣ݵҲΪ˺Ԩڵѡַṩṩ
ͷҺͨһ¡
ôʱĿ⻹׷ŷеҫĲ⡣
˪뿪ΪᣬЩˡ
òط꣬ò׳飬ûü˵仰ٴηֱ
̫ʼǱߣ֧㣬ʹɣ뵽ߡغٺһЦ
Ҳôġ
ԨջĿ⣬ȶն̨˷
ģһˣܼĴѶȻѡĵɳķȥ
䱣ʡ׹ˣѺ;巡׺׻ϡ
ԶԶˣƺΪյرֿƣûѡķө
ûãҲһն̨Լ



һǧٰʮ 鴫
㻹ǻ
ִ֮󣬿ʯɢ䣬һƬŵǺɸп
ĺ䱣ʡ׹ǣһɫζ
·𣬺Ȼ뵽ˣԨǸš
ǹǰڵ壬˵өһִѡֿ죬شЦ䱻ţòʲô𣿡
Ϊħصĺ䱣ɫЦ˵Сˡ
˵ߣȻأȫԨϡ
ţѪܣȺںݴ磬ȫܹΪаħ࣬Ȼ档
̫ʼǱΣʵ
᳤̫ʼʳ¡̫ʼҪ¡Ļ᳤꣬Ҫ¡Ѫ͹ǣĻƽ֮ġ巵ͫ˷֮ɫ˴ˣǱֻҪµϯλȱ᳤ͻǿƵǶ
̻ͨᣬȻϣͱԪ
᳤ںܶǰͳһԪֻȣûеõߵһҽ֡
ʱ꣬ıȵ껹ҪǿƣõܵõһС
ģֻһϯλĿȱ
巵ܺͼΪ᳤Ƕµϯλпֵ
Ǳ߻Ԩ
Ǳߣλʮսʿȫˣڶవ塢ľżǿϡӦûᱻ²Ѫ⣬ᱻܶľѪľ޾꣬ԴüࡣĮȻ
λʮǿߣԨһ
š
˵ͷĲأһЩߣҪѪ⡣˼Ҳʱ̫ãֻľ޾ܹ꣬ȡһʱ䡣壬վҪ⡣
λͳ죬˵仰ʱЩ˸С
һ۱ܣɫڣ֮ɫ
ǺݵĴԪ壬ںݴڲΪԺҲȥһ̡
ԣŵģһͷͷ񣬼ûġ
Ψһ⣬
Ϊˣ֤ѯʹԭ򣬿ϧûܵõ𰸡
ȥ󣬺ͷϵľԳӾԳĿõһЩʾȻԼѰҴ𰸡
ãӦҵ˴𰸡
Ȼܿͱλ߹Ϊͽ׷ɱʱܻ񣬱ѺĽ
ôȥˣǼҵĴ𰸣ӦǶԵġ
гһգȥλߵͰɫ컢棬ȥûŪ
Σ巺أأ̸ۡ
Ԩһţ֪ܿөᷢʲô
İ˼żˣ̻ڵھޣа塢ˣԺ󽫵ִڴˡ
Щ˺壬ǳĴռдĽͺ
ͬһʯ֮УϡĴߣԼȺǿĶǰ㡣
ﾡá
ҷĸ磿һԨֿأȥ򣿡
ҡҡͷҲ
ǸСأƾ֡
شģ̻ĵһ巣λǿߣ˵㲻صģڵ򣬲κεĵӡȻ˽磬λðӦλ̫ʼԼ
̫ʼȻӦ
غͺ䱵˷׷׵ͷ
ֹһӡ
ԨȻذǶɷħ㡣ȫܹ԰Ѩػغݡ˵
ôԨһ⡣
ţκͬСǸԨڣС
̧ͷšѩܡ˿ԥ룬˵صǱߣӦҲаźͽˡ
ͬУԨ˵
ͷ

֪˶á
ɳı߽磬ڵ壬ȱ״ġǺӶɿڡ۾Ȼһڻˣ
ǺӶɿڡϷվʮλԴ½ߣѵȺ˺ܾá
ǲܼҫȻƬ̣ˡˣκ׿½½ؿ
Īû°ɣ
ԪڵZҢĪ״żԪڵǰ
ɽ֮ȱӺݶһĪ״ȻҲһǱ߾Σ
ȱĪ״һھڣԸºͣ裬͸ϵá
ʲô鶼ĺܵ
Ī״ҡҡͷǻӦˡ
өˣںԨڱԨ£ʱն̨С
ܼǰˣµأһ˼ٵġƵ족ؽȡûⶫҶ±Щһ˺Ƭ

ǸˡƵ족ȻһŰɫķ׭˵ȼ
٣ٵģһŲܼȵСҲ٣˵ʲôش٣ѵҲǼٵģ
꣡
ܼһƣרעؿŷ׭ȼա
׭ȼʱͷļ䣬׭֮
֪һУŴѶķģʹﵽġƵ족úԶ֪ܿڷөʲô
Уȼյķ׭ڣҲкԶϢ¶
ܼͨһö칬ӡĵظӦš
ȼٵġƵ족ճɻҽܼŻع˵ģǼٵģݵǳ٣ݳġ˼˵ˣڲú󣬻һߣ
һ
˶仰ˡ



һǧٰʮ Ӧ
ޣţտ
ն̨ͷŰӨԹ⣬ͷԨѩܡԨһš
ڱûΣһ뿪өӦԨ󣬱㲻֪١
ں̻Ǳߣθ·˳Ⱪܡ
ȻΪө֧Ԯߣδͷβ֤ˣͷܶԴԨ̬ȣűܶԨԶƵġ
ܺԨˣөʱǷǺӵĸҲһΪ뵽ն̨ͱڡ
ξ͸Ӱˡ
˿̵ԨѾ㹻ǿ
ΣԨ񲢼սһΧ¡
֪Ԩ񣬻ܱóɰ׽ޣľżսʿѪħһħ񡭡
Ԩûʤο
ǰ뿪
Ŵն̨ϣǧ׸߶ȵѩܣʱʱأӨ̨񡭡
ӾԵúСԨ񣬳¶һЦôն̨ڲȤǵǵξѪ
ЦǺǡ
ĻҿԷȥͷڳɳеޣ㷴ҲˡԨΪٷְٷģ飬ͷ̩̹ޣڶʬܸʲô
Ԩĺøͷ̩̹ޣһĶû
ֻǣԨһĽ飬ȴľš
˶ͷ­ҡε粦˹İ㣬ͫ͸־壬¶ϢҲǽźͲԵúܿܡ
ˣҲ˵˵ˣΪԨæס
ʱ
ˣʺϰúԨڵûͷԨһ˵
¶˼׵ͫУ΢Сı罦˼
ܾúܾúŻͷ
а
ԨЦԺúһ룬㾿ҪʲôЩһĻҲˣΪƷúԨڣʲô۶Ը
ѩ˳˼
ʱԨıն̨ɳ
Ԩ˼빲ͨȻһ塣

ΪһѪ⣬еѨϣȻѪСء
ıһ
عһ̣ѪСڲӿֳһĳѪâ˲鼰֫ٺ
Żȭ

һѪâȭͷսȭͷʱ߱˰Ѫܡ
ɷħ
ڶ֮ٵѨϣ̼䱻ƵѪอڣͬʱѪ
ĳĵ磬Ƥ֮ϷɴܣҲӶ̬վ
һžѪѪɫڲͬѨڣڶѪԴȪΪǹӦ
ͻȻ䣬·˼ʮࡣ
ֻǣʱȴܻ߱׽ޣҲɲսʿ
ĹŻطԳѪͨͬɱʩչ
õģΨ£ɷħ֮
Ļع飬ɷħħһ
΢Ǭеһѩذ׳֣ذףûұۻһ¡
һ˿ۼû¡
ذҲǵؼ֮ǰɱеսƷû⸳ķڵ첻κ˺

ע룬ذųɫֻұۡ
ͣ
Ƥ⣬ڱɫذףһǳ˿ڡ
˿ڲγɣŴѪСأѪ͸˿Ѹϡ
ֱֱù⻬ôҲҲѿڡ
ַʽ
뱾ţڶ࿪ѨڵİѪܣһѪɫֳһ֡
ٴذ׻۰ͬûעֱۻһǳǳ˿ڡ
ң˿γԺ󣬲˲
ѵؼУעͻû׼£ƿƤ⣬ı۹ǡ
þӡŽ۵ı۹ǣȻѡ
ֱ۵˺ۣһҲҲڶʱָġ
壬ǿ׳ͳ̶ȣҪֲ߳޸Ǳ̬ޱȡԨܿ͵óôһۡ
ƵѪӿڶ࿪ٵѨϣ˲ӵڶѪ֮ԴȪ
ˣڶġࡱ
״̬£г浽˼Ѫܿãǿֲ
ʹ㣬Ϊ壬սܴͬ
ҪӦȥϰߣϣڽ밵ǰҵѵսʽֹţټٶȣǰǿա
޵統񣬻Сİ㡣
ԣĥ죬źıϣϣȥܡ
ʱ
밵ԽԽӽ仯Ҳ졣
ʶڱóѪħ̬ʱսƺǿġ
ѪħһλħڵڶѪûԵı졣
Ѫħ˵̬ʩչѪطԳĲѪ֮Ҳܱ
⣬Ѫħ״̬ܡʩչλħھ޵ħ
ѵΪĴи׿˵ǸѪɫڣ˵׿˵̳ı֮ͬ
ԨԽԽ档
Ѫħ·˺Ѫ̵һԱܾȡѪΪãѪĳ̬
ħȺѪħѪʵ塣ѪħԴѪ½ԴͷνѪ֮ԴȪ
Ԩֹ
Լ䣬Ѫħˣ츳ԴͷϢϢء
ѪħѪӦֽʱһѡ



һǧٰʮ 
Ǻӡ
Ԩıֿͬն̨ĥ֮
Ѫħ
૵
ȻȻأ뵽Ѫħ巢ԴءԴѪ½Ƿ
УеظܳԴѪ½ĵصһλԴͷƵڡԴͷ
سǺӻһشػǿվ޶ûʱʹ
һһ
еƯջ磬ڲ޾Ļâ磬Ѫͻľ
ںУϸɢž꣬͵Ѫâ
Դͷںϵ̩̹ˣͳ˹壬壬
̩̹ݴΪǺУҫǿǳ
ںݵ壬Ԫ֮
һߣħһࡪѪħ壬ԴѪ½
ȻѪħĵߣشصԴͷ
ӵһ̳ĸ׿ˣԴͷ־֡
ѪħΨһ׶ˣǼܳɾʹħҲûҲѪ֮ĳ˥϶
ѪħĶѪȴ徫ѪΪãܶøǿߵĲѪͨ
ԨΪвڸ׿˵Ѫɫ飬ϸҲԴͷ
׿һ̳ұҲһߵıԴҲΪơ
ţȻ뵽Ϊͷǿվ޵ıԴҲܡ
ɵ̳һεξ޾죬ĿΪ֮
Ҫػ̬֮أŹó޾ꡣ
ͬΪܣ׿һҪռ̳ΪУҲͬ׿ˡ
ңջ֮γ
ûпܣߵԴͷһµģ
һԨȻ
ۼͻ֮꣬ڴγԺʱܻĳһէ֡
Ʃ˿̣
ͻȻоڻԴͷڼ֮ǰҲ棡
ԴмԴͷͷǿվޣǿУĳһ̺Դͷ
ͷǿվޣԴͷй
ܵõԴͷľˣǿһԴͷ֧Ҳ˫ʲôԼʲôضĽס
֮Դͷõĳôž߱Դܡ
Դͷ˹ް㣬ԴͷƯԴѪ½˽ǡд̬ħ
ħԴͷѪܣɱΪѪħ
ѪħԴͷԴʶԴͷ
ڵģԴͷȱʧһС֡
ԣ׿˵֪ڣһġ̳ѪܣŲһеҪΪС
ǺӺ󣬻سҪæѰˣչ¶ڱصõ̬ȡ
˫ͬԴǾͺýˡ
Ԩһȥ͸׿˵Ľ׿˵ȡǸѪɫ飬ûı
ͷľޣҲڴŸ׿һأҲͨ׿˵ıʲô
ԼǲԸӽԴѪ½ԸԴͷӴ
ԣֶΣ׿Լ棬ȥԴѪ½Դͷ
Դͷڵص׵־Ժ󣬶ԼķӦҲ
ʱԴͷûаЩʲô
ڷөﻹû֮ǰ콣󡱸ĽţʱͻȻľɥΡ
˻ߵ˵ȫĨˡ˵ӡǣ֣ʧĸɸɾ
Լ⣬ǡûпܣڸ׿˵ǸѪɫ飬ͬԴܣ߽ԺҲã
ûпܣصԴͷ׿˵ǸѪɫ飬ԼĹУ֪ͬ˱ӡǣĨĺۼ
Ҳǣջ˱ĲԴ
ˣôԼγУԴͷӦöз
ˣ
ˣԼѵʹħ׿һǱԴͷͳ
Ԩ˼
񣬵ڿ־֮أõԴͷľˣΪ˹ĵԴͷϴӣ衰֮Ѩϡ
ôǺͱѪǿԴͷвͳ
Ѫ֮Ϊ̳ѪɫĽϣľѪͰѪܡ
̳ѪɫͬԴȫԴͷԴͷҲϢϢء
һһ죬ػԨ֮Ļ壬ƴĳ־
ǽҵĻΪսɣ
뵽⣬ԨԽأ˸
·оңԶĺݣͬңԶԴѪ½ϵ壬ڰһĬĬעע
ܾúܾ֮
ն̨ѭȷĹ켣Խ޵Ǻӣ͸һʵʻĤ̤뵽
࣬ÿǳһأһɲľУ˴
ն̨۲һ£Ԩ־ǳֲܼɭֺͺϿȱ鲼Բԡ
֪ΪΣԺ뵽ģ򣬺ʺҩڡ
ÿһ磬ֲҩݣںѳɵݣն̨£ͷ˼ʮ֡
õط



һǧٰʮ 

ڶǳأǿյһ̱ʯԨ鶼
ûն̨֣һſ΢ǳֻһſǳ
ͻƵҲЩǳڲĳѸЩǳ֮
Ϊߣ͸ǳڡ
ն̨ڽ£ġ֮ۡԿǳеϸڡ
ӺɭɽͣవĴ䣬򣬻иԭʼһЩ壬ɽӣժŹʵͲΪ
ˣɭеĸߴϣľݣȸա
Ͱ壬ҹ壬Ѩ壬ٲӰˣҲڴ˷ǿյĸš
ǳСûڻƣΪ֮ء
Ȼʮǳأɽ֮ϣҲֲïܣŨ
ն̨ҰһͼҩڵˣҩڵˣܹЩسûһֲϡҩݣӶƳ鵤ҩȥģȥǡ
ԺУȻظֳҩںҩڵ˵ӣЩǳɽ֣æڲҩĻ档
Щ򣬸жá

ںƶĹأߣ̤ǿա
òҩֲҩݵģҩںҩڵˣм޵񾳽磿
˵ľޣһҪҩݣһ߻Ҫ̿ѧϰҩ޷ʱУҩʦľ磬̫š
ӳ೾гҢҩʦࡣ
ﲻȥǺӣͿҲͲڰĵؽ磬ҩʦ淢

Ȼ䣬͸ӦɷħϢ
ŹǺӣĿһ󣬱һȦȦɫĻֵǳ
ǿǳڰλãƫƧһЩ
ҲˣһʼʱԨûע⡣
˸ӦԺն̨ϸ飬Ͼȷɷħڵǳǰĵıء
ǶеĲľȱ̷ɽŨĶࡣ
ݼеνɽǸǳȣ͸Ӳֵһˡ
һ˵Ǻӵ磬бȺܳġ
ݵܣ棬ҼȾ
ûҪķˣҲܹӦ
Ԩ˿̿ǸأеϢȽϵһľռݵı̫Ǹǳľïܡ
ʹܹȱ̷ɽĲľŨأǼΪ
ԨЩϲϸӦ
ܽµ۹յ۹ԴһЩǳ״ǳΣԶһ䣬ɢŴɫĹΡ
ɫĹΣȻǴ˷صĽڣ󲿷кǿܸ
ڸ֪ɷħʱն̨ᵽ˳Ѩܣֻǲûзֳ˵ĺۼ
ȥǱˡ
һµն̨Ѹ硣
ˣ
һ֦ҶïʢɫϣȻεţɷħڵͻȻ˫΢Ǻ
Уգ·Զм㣬񷵴ӨӨ
ߣʵܴ͸صĽڣ޷ԨӰ
֮ȷԨڰֵķλҲԨڽӽλá

߰ҼԶ֮⣬ȡһռʯ롰Ѩ飬ŵһ顣
ǧֹģġѨһÿľϡ
棬һͺͺ֦ɣſٱ֯ľݡ
ľڣ塢ߣʲô
͸ϢҰɫĸ͡ѨΪƵĿڲſռ
ЩռԴУͶĿռʯ
ٶ׸ߵĿϣѣȴǺɣʱʴȻȻֵġ
һռʯնһ飬ͻȻ
£ͻһ׹⣬Ȼʧ
һλƾճ֣ЦݵȻԨںδ
һָͷ棬
˵ͷԵȡ
ָֻ񷣬еɫȥ·ǵĺˮĳ˲ɾʱ峺ˡ
˷磬һָĽڣ͸
ⲿķ˶Ҳ谭ߡ
ԨҪˣ
ͬ磬ڶһһЩֲﻨݡ
櫣̧ͷǺȻ峺ǿһǣЦݡ
ݣʦ
Ĵʱʱ¶
ڴĿ⣬һ˲Ƶأ͸Ľڡ
İǺ·һǼٷţǾʦ𣿡
ǧʱԨȻޫh̵ҩҲͽܡ
櫣ԻѪݻع鰵ʱûеõͬ
峤أڣԴ˿櫣ֻڰǺƯ
ͻȻ죬ľޱ䣬Ѫ󣬶̬ȴ䡣
Ȼͺһ˰
櫿У֪λݵŮʣȻĵߣ⴫˵еĲ
Ҳ˵ŮʺԨأͬԨа
֪ػܻţҲԨĹڡ
ԣܺһⷽأڣ̻˴һ
СͷԽԽˡ
һǣһڵɫһϸƷζһ˵Ҳûˣ֪ڵʵʲô߶ȡ
ڵڵһӡ
ܱڽɣȻΪõԨǸ飬ƬǿգӶ֪˲٣¡
ģԨϢԽ࣬Խİ



һǧٰʮ ӫ
ϣ㻹֮ܺǰһ
һƺټԺԨѱһˡ
ɡǰҩ档
ͺȣϣԨʼԨΪڲκǸйӴ֪һЩΪ
ΪһԱط֣һھ뢴ܣԨ쳣ء
ڵҩڿɱȡ
ǣԨȫָֽӰ統£ݴѣ
ڣǸԨСӣԦն̨ڽӽǣ
޴ĿУλ֮İˣҴҽ£׷״ľ߳
ǵУԨ޻򣬼峤ϡ
⼸λˣոջţǲӦٴ̤ݣڡ̻ие
ΪǸѨͺݵġѨͨ
ڣ½½أʼкݵ˺ǡѨ밵򣬻ǰөռǺӵ
ҲģԼˣȥѨĻʶһ
뵽ϴڶȥĸǿߣ½ززЩԥ
Ԩλ
ϵߣתŨϢɫͫ·ӳճն̨뿪ǰҲ˵Ԩġ
ضԴɣ
ҸоΪԨźڡ̻ܺ
ͰĳǣɫϾأ͸Ľڡ


ն̨ƿ͸ڣ˳ؽӫ磬ֱ˲Ƶڡ
ˣ
Ԩ
ˣӫٴμԺɫΪ
һɷħԨʱֶСأ˸ɷħ
ֻΪɷħĸоֻһܳʮ㡣
ˣ
ͨ徧ӨתŰȻ˵ĸĦҲһ仰û˵꣬ն̨Ϸŵһͷѩ״ܡ
棬࿴˼ۣ֪ͷܣǡܡ
û¾ͺáԨЦŵͷ
Ҫ£Ѫý׸ߵѩܣشŹǷ
԰򣬻ΪӫأƺһȤû
ִƷө꣬Ҳڱ̫ǿ
ⷽǿգͷөְţϤֹһεûʲôеġ
ˣǱ𣿡֤ˡ
Ԩšһһ߷ĸɷħеɷħĹ۲ӫؽṹŵǿߡ
櫴¶кƣ
ˣЩˣȫ
⣬ȻЦ˵λڵ룬ѱʹ־֮أתԴ׹֮Ϊˣ˵ķʽڡ
黹˵ںݳֵġѨ񱻰ڻ
ڿ־֮أɹ׹տġѨǱֻţѷ˺ݴ磬ʥضȥ
ˣͰĲأ˿̶ȥ˰ʥء
ҪͻѨݡͰʥ
ġѨĲѪ⣬ػָ󲿷
λ򣬲ϸ˹Ͷıİ峤Ψհȫڳˡ
أˣʶصĲ񣬺͵ǵġѰʵѡ
λŮʱ£ǧǴɵͬˣȹˡ
黹ڽԨʱ˿̣ǿжľơ
ħ񱴶̹˹յ˲صĴѶԨ춴صԴ֮Ҳе棬Ҳ¡̬ȣܹǺӣһǻ顣
ѾŴ˾£ȥȵʱռз죬ȥֻûгʲô⡣

꾡أΪǿбĪľƣϸš
Ԩоλ½ص࣬·Լ
Ҳݰһء
Ҳζţǹһ֪ĵһ˭
Ȼһ̫ʼͬΪעȫѣ鱣ӦеǫҲûʲô⡣
ԨͻȻҪ̫ʼ
еɻֻ̫ʼܽΪͻƵ֮񽣣նһ֮Ҳú̫ʼú̸̸ˡ
룬֪һЩͷ̩̹޵£֪ǧ磬ȥͷޣõʲô
ãƺֻкԴͷԴصܷޡ
ǣ̫ʼǧø׿һأ˸׿˵ıԴ̳飬ͭ޹׵Ͻ޵
ǸϽ޵Ǹ׿˷ȻУն̨
ԭġ̳и׿˵Ѫ԰Դܴ֮߻Ϊ޵ȼ֮
ԴѪ½ʱ򣬸׿˶ͷеޣ̰Ϳ
¡Ҳˡ
ޣݴ磬ƺĳӰ
̫ʼǶõ𰸣֪ԼĹն̨ĸܡ

һΪѣҵλˣ᳤λƽޡԨȲҪżҼ˵˼Ҳʱδ˵ʵ㲻𰸣Ĵ𰸣һֱ֪ġ
Ԩһ
˵ˣĺܶ飬ǡ
Թ
·˵ѭͷ룬ƶĵ·ǰС
Ԩ
ƣ櫺¶˿ڸϸ
Ԩʰһ𶯵ЦǣԺƵͷ˵Σ
ϲͻƵ񡣡۶Ц
ᡣԨһᡣ
ϣʱд񣬡Ƕǲ֮ڲκʱ򣬾ʹ˺ܶѡ
Ԩʶһ¶ͷЩΡ
Ҳָ㣡ƽ͡
ˡڰ֣Ԩ϶˵ǰлΪ¶Щ顣
峤ۡĸߡ΢Ц
峤Ŷ˵ذԨӦ˵һֱڵ㡣ǼһҲǲףҲǲơĶӣֲɱģ֪ġ
֮ǰе㿴Ѿûˡ櫽͡
ǾͺãǾͺá
ԨЦһתѯʵҲڣǰ˽Ͱ壬ǾãûпܴҩںҩڵˣƬʺҩʦǿ



һǧٰʮ 󵨵뷨
ԨⷬһڣɫͻȻͱΪ졣
ڵĲҩС
İֻǰ׾Թ϶ָӰô
˵񣬷·ô˵
ǶãǶݵһֻǹɺ壬治У֮£ȥҩ֪ʶ
ĺ棬λ˵Ӧֻһˡ
Ԩĳ֣Ǹ
Ȼ̤·㲻Ӧýȫľھͱս
ҩ£ֺαȥ⣬ȥģ
ССһҩڣ൮һҩж壿ܱȵ
֪Ԩʵͷ飬鸴ӵذ롣
櫺¶һϯԵúǼ
ǰûƽĻԺܸߡ
ŵİɫۣҶͼƣϸĲľʣ΢΢üǵʵ磬ʺȥСΪĵط̫һˡ
ۻࡣƲ䡣
Ԩɿ
ݴ磬ҴκεˣҲȫӦһ㲻õĻᱻʴѪ⡣
һ˽ͣ粻һƩӫ磬УľϢռݵı̫ˣľֲ˵ȻǺܺõġ壬簵飬Ҳڴ˵ػ
ǰߣҪŨĲľҪܡ
оǣ˵صĲľУǳ΢Сء壬ǿǲӦĥ΢СΪá㣬ҰˣȻЩأΪǹǿ
ҩЩûļһǽµӫ磬ѹӦˡ
ҩڣҲֻСҩʦ΢Ժ󣬲ܹӫɻҪ֪ӫڰۻ֮Ƚٵˡġ
ҡҡͷû˵ƺô¡
ΪӲκ߳аħӫ˰¹⾰ѾϤһУ֪壬ûôӦ
֪
ԨͷӨӨڣǺܵڣܹõǿۻõǲǾûˣ
ʱˡ
һʻǳ磬ᳯǿգؿܡ
ڴڵ壬󲿷ֵۻܣȡǳģǳϵСӦܻ
ֻάϵһ̬ƽ⡣
ҪǻӫĽڣõǿ˽ڲۻѸټ٣ӺݶˣӦˣ
Ӧþûˡ̬
ںݣûǱߣһֱǹƶߡѡ
Ժ󣬿ɾδˡԨŵ
һԣһ̫ʼɿһֻǾãʵ̫ЩǱҲ޾ҩֻСѣûҪȥ
ͺΪȻ
ִն̨õ֮ϿɣɷħٴطС
˶֣չֳ˿ֲ츳漣
Ԩҩ֮ǾԨûдǰ״̬߳
裬дáԨ֡
һͰ壬˹ͨλ뿪ǰȷظָʾӫ塢峤ϣ֣ص
¶һڴҵǺ뿴кݵˣܹӫ

Ԩӫţûغݡ
Ͼ֮࣬ʼ¶ݵҩ֪ʶ̵¶־ҩ֮
Ԩϣһ¶ܹǺӣһλҩʦ
ǰ崦ż¶ԺҲˡ
Ԩܿʶ¶ѪøĻľĸãܴһЩҩݡ
ѯʺԨٰ֪ˣѪ
ݵҩʦӫͷǿҡ
ðˣЩͨҩóֲ˽ӫ綨ȻΪ
뿪˰ˣҲ¡
飬ͬȥѯ̫ʼ
Ƴ棬ڲϵߣŪǺǰδеĴ
̫ʼǱߣƺҲҪѯû׼ȷĴ𸴹
պ֪ԨԨżȥ˵ʥŮϣܹ飬ٴȥһ˺ݡ
ҪʲôҪĶ۹ĳȪ
ҲǻѪĳȪһѪͳں֮ǰͺ˹ϸ𣬵õ֧֡
ӵһ̳ʥŮ͵ĶͬСɡ
ԨҲԨҪȥԲҪͬС
ǱҲӦ
죬ġѨһԵĿռ䲨ӿŨҵѪ֮Ϣ
Զڽ̵¶ҩ֪ʶԨ΢Ƿһ˿Ц⡣
һɺĵȻ
ɺĵ¶ǰһɫٻӰ
˵ڰơˣȻѪ̵İ硣
һѶδλѪ̵ŮǿջȻͻƵ񾳺ڡ
Ѫ̵طԿˮնɱ˲壬ΪѸ͡
ӣĥţԺַʽϵӶʶھˡ
һֱڰעԨϢԨԴѪ½ҷ򣬻ľٶһ
֪ԨʽڰˣŽǺӶɿڹ
ľչϵĿ졣
ǰŮӣѾߵݣ̷Լ꣬Ԩʲôˣϲ㡣ֶκԣʺ㣬ԺΪ޾
ȵ㣬ҿ硣Це˵



һǧپʮ ħŮ
һɫȹװͣһ̵֦ϣЦݲã̬š
Ǹ˵Σ͹£ֱֳһ˫ʱ͸ζˡ
ǰ˵ŮڳΪŮˡ
үǶ̸˵𣿡
ڸߴͷЦӯӯؿҰ̷үȷȷʵʵûʧǧ磬Ǳʲôطмء
ζĿ⣬ŰѪ¶ϡ
ţ񣬻˵Щ¶еˡ
ǧʱ¶Ԩȥҽΰ磬֪ԨλѪ̵Ů⣬¶һЩ¼Ҳƺ̫򵥡
ںݵ뵽λѪŮĵ΢
ǷҾͲݴˡգԶ롣
ģ°磬밲Ԩ鷳
һӻˮںڲʱϲˣ֪ˣ֪ж١
ƫƫߣͻƵֿ죬һ汦
˵ħǱߣҲͷʹڰĺһӪûʲô취
¶治Ը
ѾͷʶȤ
¶ӰнԶܿƬʧħŮص˵ͷЦôʶķϣº󲻻Ѱ鷳ĲѪͳߣ룬һľѪڼʱݽߣ
һѪҫź˵Ѫ⣬ȻӨĳ֡
ѪڣʮΣɫľѪ
ڶྫѪ粻ͬʯ꣬꣬꣬ꡭâĿ
ǵεξѪֱӦ壬ŮȺӰ壬ҵȼ͡
ЩѪ͵ǡǧʱҵĳͰɡ
ֻѪӳճɺɫС֣תѪ򣬾ʹ㽫ƸԨԨ
ҲΪ֪ԨɹͻƵ񣬾һεεľѪԨȹ̡
ⲻ֪ʱ˿̵Ԩȫɱ䡣
ͨѪ̵ԼջŪһεξѪܹԨķۡ
רŸЩԨеЦ
Ϊһ䳰ȷж¶̬ȣԨĴһ˿ˬ
Ѫ򣬱¶ļʱԨһ˿ˬɢˣҲҪˡ
ҪȻ
Ԩ˵ͷЦ
ͫһѪâȻ֣Խһն̨ġۡ˲俴ڰѪСأ߸ˮˮء
ÿһˮӣѪܴѪˮž˵
һ磬߸ˮ뾲߸ˮӣؿڵ߸ѨϽŻͨ
·һܽ߸ˮӵİѪܣע߸Ѩ
Ǹ磬Ѫľ֮ͳˣһġ
Ԩϸܿ߸ˮڣһһӵѪˮںδȫʡ
΢Сʣ͸ˮӣӰ˰
ԨͻȻʶ߸ˮӣʵҲǰһ֣ƺܹ뵽֮С
ֻǡ
ھҪϴӸɾ񣬻߸ӡԨ̹ϵ
㣬ܿ󾪡
ǧʱҾͿһأʱû˿Ԩûԥûֱӵڵ⣬ҺѪ̵жôİԵࡣľͻ֮죬ȻǴһġ
ͣ١
¿ڣҿڣѪСأ߸ˮӡ߸ˮӣӦŵ߸Ѩϣ̶ͬȵ΢Сۻ
û֮ǰǿгھ²ܳɹ
ΪѪ̵İģںаϭĽ飬бӻݼҶ꣬Ԩ֪Ժ󣬶ĻǡزԼġѪӰûʲôԹޡ
ǰĵĲãİţðԼϤ
ҲǱ˹ΪΪȫƺı
ӿ־֮ؿʼһЩ齥ˮ棬˼жԵĹϵͱˡ
˫ʼЯֺ˸
Ѫ̣ӰУõڶ徫ѪѸǿ
½صʱԺͰ˼սʿˡ
԰ңĻмǧ֪ˣŻ᲻شȡ
Ҳˡ
㲻ͻƵԺ󣬾ͺҴţɣ
ɣԨҿѪطҲƲʲô棬Ϳۣ㿴ôëŴѵûۻ֮
û
ȻһЦԨ㷢һХֻӫһ˵ɷħȻֿٿȻ
ɷħӫѰҺʻ飬ΪɷħѶ
õĴ֮ŷл

ʱɷħͷɵԨͰͷ
ڳ£˲佫Ͱס
㲻ʹɣ
бһۣ΢ҵĹϵҲˣҲΪҶ

ҡͷȻʧЦ󣬲ڣԨ˵Ѿͷʶ㣬ֲһ졣һӻˮӶƣҿûȤ
үô˵ū澺İ
¶ί飬ڶСһƨ£ʣŽ֮ϯλеɷħū澴С̷㣬̴ϴ̡㻹ɵӵʱҶû㣬ھȻҡ
죡
ɵӡ֣Ԩһȣɫơ
ϧȻԹԵ˵Ϊ㸶ô࣬һֱĬĬصȴĴ黨ǲݣĺġʲôԯݺ氡ûҵĸܣ
ԨͻȻͷ



һǧپʮһ ɫĻ
ټԴ̬ȣ
֪ǲǧ磬ԨԵʣѾͷһĮȻš
ԨܲӦ
ϰǸ۶⣬ȴЦݣÿ仰ػĵİ硣
ɷħǲǿҪطˣ
УźâڶĴţƯ𣬵ƼףƵħǺڵĽײ㡣
ָ⣬ȻȼճһɫĻ
ССĻУ쳣ӿĻ֮ܣͻȻƼסƵħͺ
⼸λɷħᵽϤϢĴѰʲô
ھŲ㶥˵꣬ڴ˿̣ͻȻۣ
꣬Ϊһֻɫè̬ͫΪɫ
ͰѣͰǼɫףԵú
ڵ񣬷·һӾʧˡ
ȤһֻСè
û࿴ƼףƵħͺĿֱӶϣָɫĻָ꣬Ȼ㣡Ц
ɫĻк΢Сɫ龧Ѫζ
ͫ׷֮ɫŨ
ಣ
һ磬Сɵèֱָ⣬һɫĻȥ
ûõԨ
𣡡
Ԩɫ΢䣬˰磬æֹ
ı֣ò̫ԾԾʧˣƱɫĻӰ졣
֨֨
Хţеħ֮ãһģ˺ѻǵͨХݿ
Ҿ֪
ЦһտҲ֣ŰָѪ䣬˲γһѪĤ
껯磬ײѪĤ֮УȻѪĤֱסˡ
ѪĤУʮѪ֮ܣĻţѪ̵Ѫ󣬽εؽ
ѪĤҲͻȻܱΪһѪȵ磬ѹꡣ
ĵ⣬Ѫɫɽͣкӣ΢Ժʵʻ֡
͵ؿȥϣƾնŵĴࡣ
࣬磬ɽ罭Ӻ
ŵھŲѣһܵʮ㡣
ЦеأָֻϣɫĻ֣ѪĤ
ڵ磬Ȼȼճɫڲʵ磬ᵽַζ֡֨֨عֽС
Ĺֽ
ʮ㣬纮ŮĺҲۣӳ˯
֪ģֻеʮɷħܾǻۣżھ൱սĿ⣬˳˺ϣҼ֪㻹ûӡʱ㣬ڵ߲㣬ڰ˲㣬֮û
ǵáĮ
ȻԨ
ˡ
ԨΣʾ⺮Ҫ֣Ѿͷ湻û֣굽˵ʮ㣬һ
ȹҵġίӡ
ѪĤһɫèͱ˦˳ηˣָ̰⣬һɫĻȴ
ιģҪңֲϲԵĳ
ϸָͷһһССɫĻ𣬾ͷ꣬һ¡
µǣھ͡žأһı
вȱʧĻâɫĻ˲ȼ
ԨǺһ֮꣬õ˳ǿ
ǻ棿Ԩһȡ
żȻġõһ̣֪йءһЦӦǣԭһ֮ҷֵĵطͼһЩһаĤݡ
а񣿡Ԩݸ
ǰǿɷħ֮һսھǿ൱ɷħ˿̵ɫ˼֣ںܶطȫʢʱڵаһǿ
ಣ
һػ꣬ĵھŲݣ͵һܡ
·ǿƿʲôֱʮ㣬Ȼ˺һۣΪһɫĹ⣬ȥһɱ䡣
Ԩ֪ͻָ䣬ӵǻۺԡ
Ҷðɣ⡣
ţȷʵУԡ
СУԨȻһЦ¶ѩݣԣҸ㿴覵Ӧġ
覣
죬ɫʱ
һΣټԨһ̣;
޷Ԩǰ㣬ȥһۿ͸ԨѪСأʲô
ѪĸӦԨǾ񣬺ļΪ
УƺԨ
壬ǴܵӽԨһԨϵζ
ܺ棬Ԩ񣬵ױʲôӣ
һŨҵĳ쾫ѪԨѨϷɳע£˲仯һԨ
ͨ徧Ө񣬼͸ƤµĹξһѪ縴ӵĽ鲼
ֻһۣħ㣬һس
жһλңƼƷһĲ˼أϡ屦
ι
Ԩȡ
ͱ飬Ԩ
񣬴ѨϷɳǣԨ͸ܵڤڤеһƺ⡭
·ܸı䰲幹죬ܴ۸ѪѪܵѪ֮Ϊã
ԨҲ𾪲ѡ



һǧپʮ Ѫܣ
ͣ£
ԨͻȻߡ
Ȼš
һ㣬ɫ죬κκأǼᶨһ
Ԩܿ͸һеĶ
Ѫ֮ѪСУǾ߸ˮӵĽϵ
߸ѪѨ磬ӯŵĵѪѪӡѪ
һԨֹľٶ

һذСȣеϸ·ͻȻʧȥѪĺӦ
ŲеСȣʱóɽҲӲ󣬾ֹ
ȴȻ֪Լ֫壬ȻԨӰˡ
۰Ͱ͵أһַ´½Ŀ⣬Ԩ
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Ҳڴ˿̣ԨӿֳһѪū
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ڣ߸ˮӶӦѪɫأʱȼѪɫ档
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úŻعϣ˿̶д˹죬㣬ƿеúݵ壬ӴΪף
ϽɫڣԿ϶Ĵ𸴣ˡ



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Ľɫۣû½أŻλãԳϵڳľ岻ٽĵȣǱѹʷӽ챻ƣ
໺
춯صĺ𣬴˸ĺ
ݵǿߣ·һ̣
ңУܵһػζ

½
ϵڻֺĵѣڵһʱ䴫컢
꣬Ͱɫ컢Ⱥ̤
ĴŴɽɽʣĽ¥ͻȻԨ纣ܣȫһ
״˵λԲͬķʽ棬ʲô
ϴΣΪӿܳϫ
Σַʲô
Уʰ쵵ڵ΢𣬸صĺЩ˲õԤС

ħ
Ũµĺڰӵص֣ĺڰħա
ڰһӿѸٽϵйԴûħ͸Ĵ󲿷ɰ죬һӱҹ
ħˣ
ڰУٸħš
ΪͻƵξ»Ҳڶħ޵УҲںڰڣãȻؿ졣
ܿ죬ûһйĺڰʧһϵĹ
ǣħ֮ڣҲħƺŵ
ħټھǿߣ
ݣд䷢
޵ھħޣ̴ЦĴ
һӱչص״̬߳Ϊħȥ

ƵĳҲԴ½ڣһЩصɷ
֪ؾޱ䣬֪ĵ򣬷·𽥽ʧǿߣڵһʱټŵˣȥͨȥ໥ӡ֤
Ƕ֪ԼĸоǲģǶ̫ţҲ̫ȥȷϡ
壬ѵҪ

Ԩһ͵أն̨ջѨϡ
ɸ÷飬ѾôˣֹҲˡ
˹ľޱ䣬ԨҲʼδ˿Ҳ֪ճˡ
񣬻ն̨ڣںͷ̩̹޽Źͨ
һֻǺʶȥӦ֪֮Ǳعݵ񽣣˿̲ںεء
ȫûǱӦпܷı֡
֣ѵںˣ
ն̨ȻûᵽǱϢڻ󣬶ܿڵ쳣ܿħǱߣӦ
ˣеͷƽ
򡣡



һǧپʮ 
Ԩûܸо֮䣬ն̨ҰȻ򡡣
Ҳˣڶ򡣬Χģһͷͷɫľ
һ˲䣬ʶصĵ֮䣬Щȼϸߵ壬˸ӦǱǵ峤
һ޵֪жͷ˿ݺᣬڼȵĿϲ˷С
Ԩĸ֪Ұʱ·Ҳʱ˸о
ףӽɫɽ򡣬һƬƬɫۣʥĹԣ͸һޱϵĹϢ
޴ĽɫͫȻտȥ·Ѱʲô
򡡭
Ԩֹһ
ѨУƯŵն̨صһȦȦ߲
ʱ߲ܵʱ֮ϢԨѨӿ鼰֫ٺ
Ǽ䣬Ԩļͫȫ߲ɫ
Աߣ΢С⣬ĲʵȻ衣
չ͵һԨϵ䣬·𿴵һ߲ҷԨѨϺͽ̾Ĺͷอ
ԨѨϣһ̣ӦǳһĿռ
ʱ֮
չ߽һֿĿ⣬ǰԨû뵽û뵽ȫԦն̨̫˳Ծˡ
Ĳ򣬻ǰ뿪İ磬һȺڳĴҲ׷ԨעĿ
߲ɫʱ֮˵Ψһܹȣȥһµࡣ
ҲˣԨڵϢǲϷ߲֫ı仯ͫ̾
ںݵģͷ˵еʱ֮ûбնߴɱǰνǺӸǿߵجΡ
ͬڻƽ˪ͻʱ֮ñãͨռ
ͷ߲ܰڲͬĿռв㣬϶ܴ֮أܰȻع顣
ʮѪǿߣǿվޣҲûޡ
ȣͬ޷Լ
Ϊʱ֮Ѫпռ̺֮ʱ֮
ڿռ棬ԲȵĲ֣ܹʱֲ֮Ҳ޲ߣܽơ
նߣڵľ뢣ܹɱֱ漣
ڴ˿̣Ϊն̨ԨԼʱ֮ܣȻȫƿն̨
Ҳ˶̾
ʱ֮
߲
ͨĻߣҲ棬пѡ
һ̣Ԩ񣬾һ˿ĳݺ;η
񷶥ɻܹĻԨ״ʱ֮Ϣ¶˱仯
ԨȻ̧ͷ·ڻɵ֮ϣһͷԳӰ
ǾԳ£ͷźݵĽڣ·
Ҳһ
ԳӰϢԴķն̨ţ͵ɢ
֮ԨһȦ߲£˲Ӱ
Ԩ
ʥŮ̲סԨȥһ۹ûϵԨô뿪ˡ
Ҳסˣͷźչȥˣ
չҡͷ
ҡͷʱ򣬺չȡһöѶʯһʱͽڴ󣬷Ԩϵ㱨
뾡̻ͨᣬ̻֪ʲôȥֲ
ҲصġĴˣе飬Ҳ֪Ԩ䡣
Ⱥɽ֮䣬ȻһͷԳûԳͷԳؽ˼䡣
չаˣһͷͷĴ
Ϊ֪˵ߣ˻Ķӡ
֮á

ಣ
巺߲ϼԨӺݵĿռ룬ңԶĻ˲Ƶ
ϿգڶͷԤ׵
Ԩ
ȥ½أԨսڴħ׿֮󣬱սӣֱʧͨЩ׷׵ͺ
Ԩ뿪ݣڶǿ߱ʱִ˵ն̨ڡ
һֱǺݵ֮ڣ
ƴߵŴأĴҵأ뽫飬ǿƽն̨ƿ
ϧצѣ飬ѪʱҲδ
壬צĴأҪطԿĲ־ȴ˶ӡһͷͷѪ
ѹ巭ĵ򣬾ʹ˲ˡ
ʱ䣬ںӰµն̨Ȼڽӣƾճ
ˣЩѪľͷ
һͷ˼ɫͫУûеõ£ֱӳԨϢ
һϢɫǣζȳ˱ǣѪͳθڣǧĶغḯֱԨŶ

ԨһЦӰһݵرܿĹ
Ҳʱն̨õӴֱ˲˵ԨظӦˣһĿʶӺݵĸ͸
ļ½ԶԴ½־֮أ½أκħڡ
·һ˲䣬ͱĿ
ЩںݵģһλλߵԪȻͬ򣬿ɷ׷ǵķʽ
ţִն̨
Ҹһп̽
Ԩۣһ԰̬ȥԸ򡣬㻹ܻȥΪıȡһδĻ
Բѣ
Сӣ𣿡
ŭڳҪļơ
㶣ͺһеľ
˭ڿѯʡ
ݣеߣеԪ񡣡Ԩ侲ش
˻һһͷͷŭ类˰ͷأͻȻήȥ
ӴҲԵúܲ
ôǰ￴ţͲҷⶼң򡣬ǵӰԨǳŪ
໣
ŭһһ仰̼ģȫķ
ͶˡҪ⵺ûҶ̸ȥ뿪Ԩص˵ͷֵУ仯Ϊ̬֮



һǧپʮ ѱ
߷壬塣
ôģ
Գ񣬳һں̣һʯϣŹӣͷڵ氲Ϲֳֹ֣챦صκϸ΢仯㶼ܸܿܲңʲô
Ӵ뿪һϢ壬Ūڡ
أƺ⣬ƾʲôǼ䣬ʧĸɸɾ
Ԩʹն̨Ҳþ߱Ťת
Գ벻ͨȴؾˣԲһ塣
峺׵ɽۺˮߣһʵİӰƿɽķ氲£Ȼ
ǣͻƵİ׹ǡ
٣һĻ˵İ׹ǣԳһΧǺ£ɫĮ氲
Ļ̬İ׹ǣɫƽԳ氲֮䣬ԵȻ
Ҳ֪Եɡ
Ĵˣȥѯ̫ʼϾǵĲ֮һ氲ƽ
ѻ˺ܾúܾãõڵйĸ顣
Ϊϵںݴڵĺۼֻ
氲֪ڵ걻ԣĴɢʱ˲ڵҴߣЩ˸ʹ⡣
ڣǺģԳҲй͡
̫ʼ⣬˿ûݡڣ½ص˵İͣҲϤԳҡҡͷԹ챦Ͳܿǿն̨кα仯𣿡
ʱڴȷΪն̨
ϧ۾͸ն̨İӨ֮⣬޷Ƽʱն̨ڲʲô졣
氲ġ챦ܿ͸һܴΡ
Ҳоڲķһ氲ע⵽˴ӦҲǿն̨
Ϊ챦ܹ氲Ƽն̨ڲ˵ص׷ľ䣬ζ
׹ǣͬΪҲˡ
λʧˡ氲ҡͷüͷ壬ɫ˵ȷʵǿˡҺһҲûʲô
Ͱ׹ǣҪɫһ
ȥ
仰󣬻ദһȻѪȻи
ԨҲһ䣬ִ
ħڵļϼһ
֮󣬰ûİ׹ǣỺöȻôһ䡣
Ҳ
Գ氲
氲˵ͷǰ峺ͽĳֵ¶
һƬƬɫɫɫɫۣܼϿճ֣ͼпʱ氲ȻһЦ
ޱ޳ָҫ֣ᰴں档
ʱɣ̼䣬͸۵ķеԨ򡣬һͷͷľӳճ
򡣬ԨҪ£һλϺɫߴˡ
ֻͷϣ۵ǡ
ǰǣķɫƣҲϺ졣
ڣɻƽͣĿĽɫԣһܴ͸ݽڵĸо
ڿɻ⣿
һ֪Ū˽ӵһԨķԸȷٱ仯Ϊˡ
Уǧǧۣ֮Ϊһ塣
ף
Ԩûشɫ΢䣬ͭ˶ĽɫͫðջĹâ˰пӣ
Ǻǡ
ԨȻһЦڶע£·ѣλǰͱȥˡҲȥĥΪҲҴ𰸣ҲҪģ֮һһ𰸡
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Ȼ仰һڣ챦͸۵ҰȻջˡ
ôܸо循ȵ
ڿһִƵն̨ͬҲҡǡ氲¶˼飬ն̨УӦµɱ䡣֪ģǰն̨߱졣
氲Ż
ԯ룬Żͷô˵ն̨ڶˣ죿ȫµ£ܼݵ򣬽⿪˶ķ
ˡ氲ģɵ
ǡ
׹һš

ֻһ䣬ƺѪΪ⿪ģ
Ϊˣϻ򡣬ɢ˰˼ֻͷѪﵽżڴҵУһԨ
ң
ն̨УԨڵϣָųΣӨӨġʯЦ˵ǲǸе⣿Ѫƺ⣬Ϊڱ˷ҲΪ
Ϊ׵ģһͷͷƾõʱն̨
ĿУŸɫǵ顭Ҳͬζӡ
Ϣ
һͷżı˪ڵϣצŴأն̨˹
һһ߱΢ƴ
ļƣ·Ҫն̨ڣɢݳһϢ
ۣ
ŭһһɫɫɫԣĿд䣬ͷеı˪ײ׷
䣡
˪һɫɽɽѣʯ䡣
ļͷʱ侲Եúܿơ
ڸոգҲ̲סΧն̨̰ûɢݵһϢа
ΪͷϢ
򡣬ն̨ȻУҾնִ̨ߡӽԺҵȣΪ𡣶ŵԺ£µϯλȱҲв뾺ʸ񡣡
˻һе·ܵ衣
Ԩ֪ˣЦЦһ½ն̨С
ɲǼ䣬Ͻɫڣͷ̩̹ޣĻ귽ϵ֣
ϺɫϣһС񣬷·𼴽Сɽ
δҪ֪ʲôʱиȻʲôʱӦĸ߰Ԩ
ƴţצ˺ͷȻԨ
Ŵ˿̵ԨͷһѪĽʼճɲԲŮɫذ
㣬һֵֺĸо㡭
һ䣬ãȻ˳ӵվԨǰ



һǧپʮ Ĵ
򡻹ǵԨն̨ԡ
ɢڸģһͷͷľżȻҲҳ
ڴ˿̣ǱܵظӦĳֹغδѪԴصǿն̨Уһظա
ǵѪͻȻгǧӡǣ
⣬Ϣ
ĸܸҵزҪٴλΪ
ն̨ڣһ˿΢ģԴ̩̹޵Ϣ
ڵϣȥߵն̨
ѪУƺͷڱ£Զͷȥն̨Դʾǫ˳
ЩģѪ֣һμʱҲڰ㡣
ּֿ־塣
ִδйĸоҲãȻ֪ʲô
Ψһ֪ǣն̨棬һصĴڣֱӰѪ꣬ƿУ
㴥ն̨
Ԩ£һǴӹȥ߳Ĺ飬ܵߣ֮壬ͽȥǻۡ
ٲҳɣһֻɫƣȥն̨
ڽӴն̨һն̨Ө׹âǳҫ
ֻ֣͸Ŀռ䣬һصն̨
ɫ֮ƣն̨ڲ͵ر˽ɫצ
ͣ
˶Ͻɫ֮ϵĲֽɫƣ类Ľɫצ
ɳе̩̹ޣǷһ߰
һն̨еС磬ͿʼӦǧصµ仯
ãͺݴ
çϣޱԶƴϢҲȻն̨أٵϸĽɫצɹ
΢С⣬Ľɫצϣ·ڽߵݺͳ
硣
򡻹ǲɱأ˻ƽѪΪ֮ڣķδйļ𶯡
ɫԣһֻצУ뵽ȥϴѪ
һЩȴͱѪ֮ӡǣ»صڣ뵽ģٴγΪһ֡
Ԩڳؿ
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ĽɫצҲ˴ն̨뿪ɴۣſģƺ޴ŵצãȻ
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Ԩ͹ĵطǣĵĶƺƶԣܹԲԼĸ
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ͷ˵أƯ߲·ԨڣĽУ̾ǣʻѨϡ
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֪
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峤
Ԩʧ֮Щżȫ۰Ͱ͵ؿ򡡣
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ƾԨ
죡
۱׹⣬ûеõҵͷ£ȻҷҼȻڣκ飬ҵͬ⣡

Ľɫ˸Ѫеȼ͵Իƽ̬ͷ˺ҧѪ⡣
һƬƬɫף˺ڻƽĸ߹ѪͳǴѪ͸ջذ£м֮
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ûãͱˣġ
ʢǿԨҲǿն̨סԶԼ
ǻţţϢָʾݸеЩ̷֪ǵߡ

ޱ޼ʵĺԨշš
ĺԨ
ͺصľĺԨرԶȥ̽һ
ն̨Ŀռͨն̨ĺԨ
ڿ޷ȶĿռͨԴ͡
ǣֻڷƾǰļ䣬žĺԨȥ
ն̨ڣһԨڡҲ֪˿̵ľĺԨǲһͨˣǲľͲͨ硣
;һİİ쵺ʱһȡ
Ԩ



һǧİ а
Ԩ
İߺ·ĵ촫Ե
ͣڰգԨһȻ·
Ұеĵ죬ûʲôֲһܿףûƼ֮Ӱ
Ѫи֪ûнն̨£;һҶзǳԵѪ֮Ϣ
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еˣѯʱĬ
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ǸˣƺԨˣ׼ȷأǵĲ֮
⣬ԥˡ
ҼȻʶһԨ
ǣǺðɡ
аڵԴεشҶ̤
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ǰã˵Ԩƺķˮ
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ΪۻˣΪǴԾ̽غһ
ʵߣƫƫͱԨˡ
ңԨ׼ȷҵ˲֮Ǳ޿ɱܡ
ǰ
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ĸ֮걻ảĽаᣬȥả
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㻹û
ԨȻһЦȻ尣аڵûͳĽ裿
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ɫһ
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⻰һǶѨڣݺݺĿ
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汻ҵѻ˵ˣ
ЩŮһޣԨҲˣһ£࣬ô£
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׹ǣǰаϭǺʷԻ̬ϯߡ
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ˣô뿪ݣ棬ش󣬺δȥã㲻ǣƫҪںԨ
йľ֪ǺôĴ֣ܸǶ١
аħ࣬ںݴȥѡ⣬ôɡ
䱣һˣ֮ףǳɹ̤ߡ
ԨͳĽ裬ҲӦѡ·ںݣġ
ǣûͻƵھ뿪Ҳֻ뿪ȥ⣬ǵıֻһаڣһЩɢ޸ϣֻ졣
üչУֻͶڡ̻ǱߵģƿݵĽڣ·뿪
ǣаڳԺ󣬻ûúȥδӡ

ݵĽڣȻγɣϺ칹ļʵݣƿˡ
巡һΪĴڣ˸ע
Ϊڳʱ˺ݵķ
ʱ⻹ڵǿߣߵߡ
ôͣԨҲ֪Լ뵱Ȼˡ
ˣܹһˣܹǰ㣬ڶͺֿá
ȥھܳȥҲ˳
˲С
óϸơԨ
ΪҶڣûʲôΪ磬ϡõŮӣòڣͶô˵
ˣȥŪɡ
˵ʱؿ˿գĵ˵аڵˣǡճǼһϵϢ޷ڱΣԺ󣬻ᱻаڵ˸ϡ
аڡ
°ͣԨЦ㲻ңҶһˡȻѾаڳҲ˼ʲôˡŪŪ㶯ҵҪаڵˣԺ󣬻
尣ΪаϭġҪݼҡ
ѣһĸıӦþ尣ֻả
תתʲôˣҩǱ߲̫֪ԼҩǱߣȥҲǱ
ΪҩҪԧ졣
һ޵ҪԴͷаڣ尺ảˡ
뵽ảáȼԨͷ΢ɫȻģҾһаڵˡ
㣬㱻ΪҪĿ꣬ʲô⡣
ˣǳĽŪҿûоȡ
ԨЩͷӻ֣ٷϻ
ǣǺðɡ
ӲͷƤӦ̵ȥҶЩݺݺµͺУԭ׳ߴݹ᾵ĳĽ裬Ҷ˳
Ľ裬ֻһ˫ӣܹµµת
޷Ҳܿ˵
һԨͷڳĽڣѪܺ͹ͷУƳڻԳĽ跱ź
Ƴ棬ѪĽǺͻ׳Լ
壬˹Ƴļҡ
׶̵׶ֻܵ
һ̾˵ǣ񣬶û취塣һʼн֮ģǿЩƳ棬ָܻǰ
͹ƳĶһͿء
ȻعѪ֮ʱģ뿪Ƕˡ



һǧİһ Ѫ׳棡
ĽаűƵСֱµе
ɴ˿̣µеѪһƣͻᱻɸɾ
űСУڲİŮӵĻӰһֻβ׺һ׵Сߣ񶼽ʣ΢Ļܡ
΢СĹƳ棬ѨϴۼţǲѨϣá
ΪĽֻҪţֻҪ֮ͻͻȥ̷裬ҩ֭Һ
ѪǹƳ֡
Ƴ治ɱڳԹֻҪͨĹƳ档
Ѫ֮ûһ˿ֵԼˣȵܶݽˣƳŻԹอѪ⡣
ʱ򣬹Ƴͻչع鵽ԭС
׶һַ
ǻʲô
һϢݵĳĽ裬ԨٽλߴӢΰϵüһ˵ǰмŪˡ
ʲô´ˣãȻ
ΪĶأһԸˡЩѪ׳桯ĴڣԵͺۼͷšѪ׳桯׶̳ϣӦһֱǲԶ׷ɱǵģаڵˣҲͬڸԨƶ˵
˻һҶðͷݺݺǣֳ
ĽΨһеԵʣĹʣ·ͻȻûˡ
һԼߵڴߴ
׶̵аƳ֮Ԩô˵Ļ᲻ף
аڵˣͷšѪ׳桱ˣڵЩƳ棬ĽѹեɾÿһѪﾡãѪġѪ׳桱Ժٹǡ
úݣȡ
Ľ۷Ϊ츳尲ʶھġѪ֮ޱȣλ¹ƳߣջܶߵȼġѪ׳桯
Ԩпһ˵׶ǱߣӦǳھϣȻĽ費С
ٴεͷ׶̵
ˣԨ۾һ΢⣬Ȼޫhһ졣
ǰǺӣͻȻġϣǸճ鷳а취𣿡
Ԩҩתһ£Ѿܣ˽֪
֪仰
ҩȻ񹲷ߣڶڸ綾İƷ棬νʱȺӣ
ޫhΪĥҩܹ׶̵Ƕ
Ԩû𻰣΢Цţȿ˿Ľ۾
ĽУһ˿ʣҲһԨǰݡ
ã׶̵ġѪ׳桯ȻŪģɡѪ׳桯Ʒ֮Ϊޫh꣬ҵָ£ƳһĶǶáѪ׳桯߱˸
ûйŪԨʾÿԼߵ˳Ľǰ
ʱյԸѪ׳桱ĹƳ׳棬ûҪʲô裬ҲҪñк
ֻǣһֻ֣˳Ľؿڡ
һ˿Դ컯֮ͷų
еģڳĽڣԳĽΪġѪ׳桱ᵽһ˿Ϣʱ缢ǧĲбޣŵζҪѪζ
Ѫ׳桱ʱ

￪⣬ɭֵϡ
׶̵һŮͽܣʪŢĵ档
ʱͽܽ󣬽ǱҩݣڹƳķ֮
ͽܣľ۾ƵƵͷ
ھڣʵʮǸŮͽܣŮͽļá
ͽܣżʼ䣬ᱻ
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ʦôˣ
׷ʡ
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СУָһСͽܣģȥаڵˣǱڵʬˣȫҶȥĽǱߣ
㣡
ָһߵͽܣҰѪ׳ĶҺҪ죡ĽڵѪ׳棬⣬ҾЩ׳棡
仰һһһͽܣȫæµ
Щ̬ŮͽܣɵȥĴǻϸʦ̫ˣƾĽڲʲô˻ġ
֪Ϊ壬ǵıġ
ģ
ϣǿ־֮أҪаڵŻͲ˵ˡ
׹ǹ񣿡
ŮҲ˿־塣

һѪ׳桱򼣬ͨ尵ɫдǡ
ÿһǣССĶìܴ̽ĽѪڣȡ֣׳Լ
˿̣ЩڳĽǿɱѪġѪ׳桱ȿֺ뿪Ľ衣
سԨġ
Ԩģ·ƴһеأҪһڡ
ϧǣһ뿪Ľ壬ոԨĳ֣ͱѪɫְţⲻ˵ĺƴѪѹ
ۣۣ
ʮѪ׳桱ԨĵѪɫڣȺ󱬿ɫѪ
ǶγɵɫѪһ˿δɢġ
һѪ׳桱ȥЩɫѪԨģᡣ
ΪһƵѪˮȻĻһССѪء
ֻҲû취¡ϾаڣѪ̡
˵ʱԨͽеһɫˮأ˳ĽǻϸɫѪ˿Թٶȣ˳Ľ֫ٺ
Ľ۾ӿһֻѪ׳桱ʱڷŹˡ
˿̣еĹâͻȻóʢ
Ϊͣµٴαˡ
ʶظܵѪĴڣоԼš
ݣԨڡôǿˣ𾪣ǾϲЩͣǿھޣĹƳ氡



һǧİ һ
ĺԨεɫĴ
϶ͳħڵĺգмλ½а߽ͬΡ
Щˣദ񾳣ͻξĽ׶Ρ
ǰߣϲǰ־֮ĥ»ǡ
ΪǱߵޱŨǳʺϴĥ壬ɣǻأͨ־֮档
ǣ׹ǳɾΪ񣬿־֮˶һ޶İ֮ԺͬӪɣٰ˹ȥˡ
ҲǺ£˻ᱻǱߵĹƫ̻С
֮ߣӪɱؾˡ
ڣŻڣСڣ̻ˣҲᰲȥ־֮ء
һ˳ͻ־֮صĹǱߣ𰸺
˵ݺڱչشˡ
϶һҷϣĽ֮ɫգǻڻξءҪΪˣûиеʧ䣿
ͷ̻ǻͭĺգֿٺһЦ˵ʲô˲ģڵԯʦãݺһ񣡡
漸ԳħڣֻΪŮ˵ԯ϶Ľ
һġ϶ɰͰ͵ЦЦ
ôͲһˣݺôͻƣѵΪڿ־֮أޫhţĴȥεڣںڡ̻һݺԨĹϵ˽֪
Ƕ֪ͻξͻƣڿ־֮أйζʲôͻξҲڿ־֮أҲȥ񣡡
ݺҲȷʵ
ǰͷˡ
뵽ݺҲҪˣ;úĽ
ڣħںаڵŮŮ
϶ҪһȻ
һƻ֪Ƭ̺󣬿Ͼ浹ù
Ϊ棬ѯʣ˭
ả蹷Ҳڸаڵˣȥ׷ɱʦ塭׷ɱĽ϶æĿڣڳЩˣĻɢĿ
϶Ľֵ𾴵ϰԾơ
˵ả׶̵ϼλȺɢޣԹƶ֮óǰ˰պǾȣǰһ㣬ڡǰӦҲûʲôв
ճԳħڣаڵˣڳħͷͣû̫ǡ
˵Ľһһǰںô
Ҳ϶ҡҡͷҾ͵ûյѶظ
𰡣
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аڵˣô϶Ц
ˣ
չЦảɢޣûаڵ뺣鲻ãɱҲɱˡ٣ҲǵΪ˼ɢޣȥҳħ𡣡
ħڵѳɾΪԪɱǿ׳ơ
д˵ڣǺգгħڵˣںݻʮ㡣
żԪڵˣƼ䡣
Ϊйͬĵˣڡ̻ĴڣħںԪֱӾͿսˡ
аɣһ㣬̫ˡ
϶̬ʵҲͬĽҲ뿴ûлᣬķһ·
£㻹ģմЦţչȣ˵˭ȤȥƵģһ˭Һ˵˵ҾԻºÿ
ң
һ
ʦ֣鷳ң

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촽䶯ЩİԨҪڵл
ˣ㾡ЩѪܰɡģָܻɣȫԼ컯ˡ
Ԩػӻ֣һףޱȵԶһ㡣
Ԩ֪һˣаĺᣬаڵĲʢаһֵ죡аˣڵĳɾ͸ߣǰ޹˺ߵĹ񣡿֪ǵģ
ԨҪȥ־֮ذɣ
飬Ǽ㲻פ־֮أڸҲ԰
㵸أԺѾţڿ־֮ظŻĻ档
аǱߣһˣһ֣ǣȫѧڣڣ
ĥȭԨĵԨֶκĵλϣ
ס
Ԩ͵غȵ
Ͳǣĵ
ֻảŪả˵尣롭λӦڵȴʵĻᡣԨ侲˵
аϭΪͽܵ尣ûշݼңĬảֶУһĸݫiĸ׽Ⱥ⣬аƢԣ̫ưոݡ
ûżֻ֣ǰڡ̻ǱߣմĬ
尣ƺҲ뿪ݣаᡣ
аҪԸģֻ尰ԣả蹷ۡ
аڵͳĽˣڵľݣӦò̫ע
Ϊһվ̫ˣֻͬȸ߶ȣ
Ľ裬ả̫֮࣬ˡ
ôˣ
һԨأһƬϼŶ
ϼǱռԦȣǿһص켶˳ħ챦֮һ
ȣҲͿ˷ͷĺգȫ෴϶
ģ½ߣǸû࿴һۡ
϶
һͷˮ۾ãȻСӣʲôʱả蹷һˣаڣ϶һˣѵҲảۻˣ
ҵ죡
ϣ϶Ҳ۾һϱҿʲôգǲǿˣ
û
̻¶ؽһҲĺգ۷Ź⣬Ҳû뵽
˭
˭ѽ
ϣǾҪͣµŮŮһȤ
Ԩ



һǧİ Թ
棬ʮ粻ȣŮȻ
Ԩ֮׹
ЩаڣںͳħڵаޣٵģԨ¼֪Ԩôϡ࣡
Ϊˣµ۹İ³ججһѺ󣬱Ʋɵٶȣƾ
½ûĵطŶȷѪꡣ
ȴÿÿҴʵǡ
ԨٲȻѳΪеĴ棡
ǣЩħڵŮ֪ڣǶġҺԨйϵ
֪ǰԯͷҫܲԕFһˣմɳع顣
ԯ覴õõʲôһչأҪϴ
ֺЩ͵ķҫǰ˺ÿÿԨʱ⣬ԴǺ̬УȻȫԵľ塣
ֻҪˣ֪ǺӣΪԨԭ򣬲Ż
Ҳ֪ħĪһԨ񣬱Ԩˡ
Īһ׵İ£ٴء
ԪλZҢִơ֮ìԺ󣬵һ̤սҲԨ֮󣬴ùͷ
ħڣаںͻڵŮӣ䡣
ǲԽأȵĺ󷽣ȻƵǰ棬϶ղţڰоĿ
֪ĺɽһҶǰһµԨò忡ͦνýüµ˫峺ɽһ˿һޱУǳȻĸо
ѣɷĶϵ
ĺܿ
ʦӢ϶ʦգܳڰѹ֣ѹԯʦãһֱء
ԯʦã߳磡
ôˣų٣Ժ󣬻Ҫʦ㣡
ħڵŮӣ񾳽磬һһʱԨСִ
ͷĺգڿԨһ̣ȻĬ
ӷҫĿУ֪˷Ĵ󲿷£ԯҫħ֣ҲȻӺԨĽ顣
ֻǣ˫ӪһֱǶġ
ԯͷҫعԺԪڣǱߣħзóħϼӹԼ
ھĺԨĸȻżԨԨҪ̻ĽñҪһ㡣
ݡ
϶ȷ룬ϿͣסϸüëšŮ˶ϣֳѽ֮ɫôˣ
϶Ҳ׷ɱǵģ
Ԩ𻰣һŶأȻһ
ŭŰУΪ尡ảͬź󱲣վŲҵɱң
϶ֻյ˴Ѷǡɾڸơ
գؿż֮£еɫâһشưĳĽ裬ԸоڳĽڣһа·ӳ˯״̬ѣɢݳϸ΢Ľ⡣
϶۾΢붼ͲµȻΪõԨİĽ׳˺ҧ²졣
͵ûǸȥĶȥĶɡ
ԨɫȻأ϶ȵ˵ͷֿһϵĺգ΢Цаں׶̵ˣڹ·ϡʱǾͻִ졣ͱͽˡ
á
ռΪɴ࣬Цŵͷ϶֣ɣҪ¡ȻڣͲҪˡ
϶ͬӷҫԯǶԨս
ţȻԨǡڸҳĽû˴󰭣Ͳ϶ˣȥԮˡ
Ľ裬Ҫ˽ԨսڿԶõ
ҡ
϶ģֹ
ңûµģȡ
ǣðɡ϶˵ͷ˼أͳĽЦһ£طȣͺյһ𣬡ᣬаڵˣ֡
򵥣װȥݼСհдѶ
ԨǼһᡭҰɣ
пܣи׼ɡ㿴񣬲̫ԾСĵ㡣
Ұ
϶ɫԹհļ仰Ūϰ¡
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һĸĸЯһֱ̫
оǣĵػʱĸѾˡ
ȻҲΪ
ûûദֻ˵Щ飬һ顣
ԼȻʱһЩˣľ͸ˡ
ǶݼĴжϣݼںݺúõģҲϣһĸĸܹһõĹޡ
ӰУ֪ͷ˸ݫiĸѪ̻ϣ˱̷ɽݼҵĺܶˣҲǨƵ̷ɽǱҩڣ̻ͨһʱȫˡ
żˣʱڣὫа尣ả¡
ڣảảáȼаطĸ֮꣬Լȥаڣȥа
ٴˣảֶУݼҵĸȺ
ǺúôŰɡ
ԨһһЦ
ЦݣΪɭ
ảǵõаϿɵģɢݼĿ䡣׶ǱߣʽĳϣǰòŻعݡǣ֮䣬ǴĬģɱմһصѶϢ
ԨЦЦ
һǣ뿪СֱڸģЩ˵ǰ֡
ƨɵĸ·ˣֱ·ˡԨЦ



һǧİ ά
ݿ£ӰݵảΪʼδ̤ݡ
ڶ·׶̵Ӽλɢһһ̽𱦴˿Ȼһ䡣
ảƤֱеݣԨ
ζ벻ںݴ磬ھĺԨ򣬺Ԩɷ档
㣬ӦðǺΪʲôͻȻΪλ
ảһӵĿˮ
ԴӰ׹ǽΪ֪־֮صİ׹ǣ߰ǰаϭʱ൱
Щ꣬аڣͲˡ
£ĳʱڰ׹ǵĹϡ
۳飬ޫhͷ󣬶ںݵĳصأ׺ɱ
ò״尵ĿУ֪ڡ̻Э飬˫ںڲ󶯸ɸ꣬Ÿðͷ
ô벻˵һֱԨȻںݡ
ңǰ
Ԩ
׶̵һչޣվͽܣԨͻȻҲȻɫ
ɴۣǻչУɪɪ׳档
׳棬ΪѪ׳桱ĸס
ʳһֻ׳ľѪʳ֮󣬴ˡѪ׳桱Ȼ󱻴ġѪ׳桱뵽˳Ľڡ
չе׳棬Ԩĵŵֱչͷ
̫ҫչӰֻε׳棬ᷢ͸Ϣ˿־廹ǿ־塣
ı֣Ҫϸ룬֪ĽڵЩѪ׳桱ȻΪԨŷ⡣
ҪŭԺȻðһͷ
Ԩҩ棡
ʢŭı飬ĽӲˣһǿıŤЦݣ̽𱦴ǰ׶ҩǰ
Ҽ
ԨƳһۣƤЦⲻЦ˵Ӧøоˣ㶪ڳĽѪеģһֻֻѪ׳棬Ǳһֻֻ󱬶СҪƺǰΪǰ˵ʲô
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өıûϢƾ֪ЩԨʱھİ
ϣ
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ǹĺܣ尰£˳
һŮͽܣǼֲ֣ɫ糣
ảһģаڵĻξмκ񾳵ɢޣⷬͻȻըˡ
ֵģҲ̫Ҫ˰ɣ
㶫Ҳˣ̯Ӱɣֵģ׶ѵ£
Ҳھޣ׶̵ĳϣ㶼˵óڣôԨɷǣƲϵˣ

һλлξΪͷ췢ϲ޹ǵţ졣
ϵ޹ǣֱѪ⣬ŵѪܡ
ԨЦһ
һ쵶⣬Ѫɳ浶ߣ˲䵽ǰ
쵶⣬ͻȻֶʮһƬڡ
֮ҽûţڼƤӵ£һ̯Ѫǡ
ǰģΪ޹ǣ˾żǣѪûܺ󣬻˹Ƿۡ
ͽܣảͼλɢޣæܿ
̽𱦴룬һ̯ѪԣֻԨһվš
еҾ
Ԩҡһɺۿ˿㵹ʶȤĺܣһ˭ܳٺ٣˵ʵΪ㣬
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ŮͽܵҹϤ̷⡣
ڵˡ
Ԩз⣬ɣϵ£һϲЩʱԶһĺ̻ĺδϣҲ˵ʱҲڵһΪأû뵽
ಣ
ħǵѪħӰʳŮӵĻǺط
ڣ
һȻ͸оѪ㣬ЩľãǾΪǸŮͽܡ
ľûͻƣΪǲȴͻƣԨһϷʡ
ĬֻǻعͷԱ˿ȥ൹صŮͽ
ˡ
ԨЦảΪûʲôһˣôڣһ仯û
ảͨĿ⣬ȥмλɢ޺ѡ
ˣһˣ
ԨǺڣ̻ᣬǴЭģѵ֪ڲֹ񼶱ɱảɫȻڵһӣӦðչ
أԨЦ
ЦУսѪЩɢ޵ע£ԶϿգա϶һа޵Ŀ£ֱả
ڣս;磬ԾƴɱǵĺУ
ѪɫĻảڵСռ䣬ȫȫعס
ảγʲôƬͷŵѪɫĻһ˿
ả񣬳벻񲻸ұ¶
ƬѪɫĻڣԨĴЦУؾѪɫѪ⣬ѪʴŻ꺣



һǧİ ѹ
ôң
ϣ϶һأԨ̽𱦴ɱ䡣
ảϣаڵˣԨôغɱ϶оԨһûааڵ¡
аڣϾС޵ء
㲻ӦþȣԨΪʲôôǿ𣿡
յɴۣʵҲ𶯣ӷҫԯУ֪ԨڵսԶʵľ硣
ǡԨֱѡ֣
ûκγɣ
ɱɢҲˣảѱаڽɣһԱԨΪλ֣
ͲΪڡ̻ᷢѣָȴƹ
оǣȻԨս巽ǿߣҲɣڴ˷ɱ㣡
ħףĪѣӦû֣
̧ͷؿ񷣬ܾһĿ⣬ӺݵĸغʥأͶ䵽Ƭ򡭡
ֱ飬ʵϣȷʵмλٵϯλߣȻ̽Ŵ˵ء

ڵһ֮ء
ܼһֺĹһʯǰžӨ壬ؿˣԨảΧס
ảγɵѪɫĻڣܡ
ӨڣһĨӰ̬ӯӯأһڵĻ棬Ԩӵˡ
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ܼߵأڵĵӰ£̫̫ˣǺڡ̻ᣬŸոն¹أһƨɻûȺĴɱǱ߲ܣҪ̬Ȱɣ
ڵĵӰһλԪĻӰ褡
װģˡ
ĻӰڲ̲أӦһ䡣
ֵǿڹغشľִƵն̨СˣҪȥĺԨ̽;ɱ޹ʹļһȥɡ
ֻ۱ֻۣܼ
ڷө򣬴޺Уǿھסˣִ˺ݣҲͲƽˡ褵
أصıҲع𰡣ܼʡ
飡
褺һ
µһӰȻʧ
ƵĶԻħǱߣǱ߶ڷš
뿪ھĺԨʱԨảɢޣ޹˼ɵɱ֣ʵ۵ס
ǣųĬװû
ΪảɢޣЩУϰ㲻ֵһᡣ

̫ˣҲȤ
̽𱦴ϷԨƬѪɫĻảѪ⣬ǣʳϲûбϲЦݡ
ûն̨ûٻɷħҲûֻ̫֮Ѫả
ɢảڣеֶξǱɱ
Ҳһ̣ԨظоȻǳ񣬿ʵͳ硣

Ԩһ
ڣڵģ
̽𱦴һǣǸչޣảһ̯Ѫˮ̫ˣǰ֪кηԸ
֪Ϊʲôû𣿡Ԩʵ
üͷһ£̽ʣΪʦ㣿
㵹ǲɵԨ˳ǣָˣɣԶ㣬ٹۣ
ޫhһأҴȥ־֮Уܱɺ޲Tļһǳġ
ޫhȻѪ׳桱֪֮
ޫhʦܵУޫhܣܱһѣҲΪˮˡ
ԣȻһһӻˮϽ尳ảԨˡ
ʵϣڿĽڣǡѪ׳桱ʱ뵽Ǵˡ
ˣ޲Tǵ׶̽Ϣӿ־֮ر¶֮󣬵ϵȥǿա
ܲ׶̵Ľ׷Σһ֮
ڸһӦ˱̣ˡ
ʦʺã
֣ЦͽܣʲôҲˣֱӳ뿪
Цݡ
Ԩ㶣ֱظеһǰĽޫhΪޫhӸλ׶̵ĽԴӲұ¶ļ
ޫhԺѹأԷޫhӳһ
Ӷɾڵ޲T
ǵĵӣҲǹùģһһӣֳԨҡͷʧЦ
̻ͨķӣɽʡĶơ
ӣҲǶޫh֣Ϊޫh㱳̻ᡣ
̻һֱǸ̻ᣬڵĻ᳤ԭĻ᳤ʼնһߡ
ңǣ
ʣµɢ޺аڵаޣûҶͰ͵ؿ
ûһۣԨ˲ʧطС
ɱả
ȼֺǲˣűˣôưոݣ̫ðʧˣûҪôģ
˵ả٣ΣԨ΢Ц
ǺʱӴĶǿ߶಻Ԫڸģڵκ׿Զκһš尺һˡ
ˣˣҲ׷սԶش
ֻȻĺúõġ
Ǳߣأȣ櫣ԪħĴ˾£׿ˣڶѪħħ񡭡
Ӵ˶ˣҲй֮ٿ尰ھﻹоη֮ģ
аڣֲǶôֲɣھָ⣿
Ǳߣڣ̻ᣬմЭ顣
ĽܿڽǺ㲻аڣѵǼả֣˽ȥԸ㣿
ԨȻһЦġ
˵ʱһգĹ
ڴ˴һ͸оݵļλߣﰵﶼ
Ȼ֪ݶƺĵʧЧЩԪע⡣
ͬţڵȫʱϯλޣʹķ⿪ҲûôѰĽ֮·
ɱɢޣảļһЩ˵ԣѹ֡
ΪԨڡУĺԨ̽ġ
㣡
Ľ軺ͷ



һǧİ ͬ
ಣ
ԨȻ΢Цţ϶һۡ
϶ĵһӵأźŲŲ
ҲˣԨЦ
Ǳϣ㡭
϶һ˿ЦݣɫȻ˵ƺ±ϡңϾаڣע⵽ҡ
ںյ£ҲԼС۾ĬĬƬ
һ룬֪ħǱߣħڵľ뢡
Ϊаڵӣڱ˶ŵ£ҪӣԸԨǣ̫ࡣ
ϾǵһСۡ
ΪһЩ飬ϲ
ΪԼΪĳ룬Ҫһ㡣
㣬ɱảảаڵˡңҲаУϣҵĿԡ϶̾
ϣаޣǰԨηģҲгݵġ
ñ֮ǰ࣬ûٳ¡
Ҳǣ϶ⷬả˵Ȼ侲
ԭˡ
Ԩʾ⣬˵ͷźգм仰㣬أ
ͷĺգûӦУǿա
һУȻ¶ְĻ磬͸˹˼֮ɫ
㵹öࡣ
ԨЩˣӺյı֣˺ܶණ˵ģܳһʱڣǼλɽ֮۵ˣ
˲Ͱ࣬Ȼʣ濴㣿
ڣӦòˡԨܴݣһ˵
ã
ԭδɳԨһȻ˲Ϣ˺ʮɡ
һȦӨ׵ĹΣն̨ͷųԨš
ԪҲ̫ҵ̸ԨĵأָӨ׵ĹΣȻǿƿ磬ƿһҲ֪ио
յ飬仰Ե÷ࡣ
һ̣һͻӶŷ˶ȭͷԨǻȥ

ܺѪɽҡŲѵȭͷֽ
ģɷħǿֲҲͼʮѣôĹԯʦãзʦ˵ĹЩ¼֮ǰһ̫أ
ڡ
һߺʹһ߰˿׾һشػƻţһȭ
䣡
ɽľЯűܣȻó⣬ֱԨǻ
ۣۣ
⣬ԨǻƤ£Ż籩ը
ԨΣκ󣬲΢Цŵͷе㾢ˡ
ǻξʹת׾ѪܡҲѺ߼ǡ
ױǻըƤµอعǣֻܵ𶯣ȴûѿȻҲûκ˴
ҿɱảֵ̫д⣬Ҿ֪ʵսӦñ㵱¾ǿĶࡣ̹ϵ˵
˱ˣᶯóħڵġױħḳһȭԡ
ֻΪۿһĻڵả̫ˣżԨɽ¡
̽ʵսΡ
ЩɥأҡҡͷŻɽȭͷε˵ɣҲҾһ£սʲôΣ
ԨЦ
ͷڴ
ҵȽ⣬Ҳ֪㡣ô˵ɣֻҵ൱һλżţľżǿߣӦþҲǾĶ֡
Ԩ΢΢һЦն̨ɷħұ
ûЦɣ˵ǺݵھޣҲͬκ㲻ãզ಻ѡ
ˡԣ˵ảˣ٣Ҳûޡ
һ۽ǣԨаںɷħڵķλֵ尵а飬ҵɷħơֻĻֳаû֣ɱǱӣ
⻰˵ļţ
йͻƺն̨ɱĵ£ȷʵ尣
Ǳߣ׹ǲùȥ鷳ֻҪ벻ҡԽһԨһתԯû°ɣʱҽӴĶ࣬ûѰ鷳
Ҿ֪Ҫ
Ц㵣ĵ飬ķˡǳħڽȣֱȽӲѹȥˡħǱߣΪС£ǺģӶģԡ
ûϸ˵ȥ
ԨȴóƸӣϳħΪԪ׷ȥóħ淴֮ģԺڡ̻Ϊ顣
û¾ͺã״̬
ԨͺԯзҫħܲԕF֪ԯѾ½дˡ
ħ֣ԯˡ̫ˡ󣬴Ѱͻھ
ܲԕFǾţعħڲãͻƣܿھѾˡ
ħ֣ĺһ档ʱ಻㡣
һȥĺԨԴѶĺԨСԨ
½أܲԕFսӴʱ˾ͱȽͶԵ
ʱûб¶ҩݣܲԕFҲ֪ôܡ
ΪܲԕFȺԯңݼҲշ
ˣһֱܲԕFĺá
һ־úѣֻ뾡
ǰӺյĿУҲ֪˾ĺԨ׼ȷλá
ӺֱӷŶȥ
ջعȺ󣬻ھ޴״̬϶Щ½аޣʻʱûӦ
գ
ʦ֣
ðΣŴЩлع
λúУ񾳣
һ㽵˵ʱĵһӿֳܶ񣬻вھǣҪȥʶʶ磬ȺݻҪʴ̼
㲻Ǳϴ˰ɣ϶ȵ
ҼӰѾ̫˺󣡡



һǧİ ĺԨ
ĺԨ
Ϊݴ磬ؽ֮һĺԨͷ
ǰΪʱδ̤·ڼ˪ҩڵĴͬ£ʵرţھĺԨ
ңҲûִĺԨĺףûֱ۵أ߸Ԩڡ
һٶ꣬ٴ̤ĺԨڵĺû뺣׵ߣҲû׻塭
űӨĺˮڻʱԻѪչ֪
ĵĺ£ڶûϲгԼ½иȺߣϢĻ顣
еĻ飬ſ־֮صϢ
صĻ쳣Ѫܾлࡣ
Ҳ֪һͷǿĺԣھĺԨ
ͷԣĺԨϿĴɱ͹ڼߡ
纮ڰĴޣ̽ĺԨϣ˵زǺкԵĺݣǣ񣬵ԺھʱԺ취ࡣ
ת֮ʣѽɡ
ʱоܺͬһ¸߶ߣѲˡ
ף
ͣţȻԾȵأżʮ
һϤӰͼλߴڵߣһұۣҲں
̫Ԩڣ
޵ڣʦӽͺڡˮڵļŮӽ顣
Ǽں棬ʱؽͷųɼƬҲΪŨ뵽ԴΪ
δüҼ͸ż
ĳ࣬Ԩڵһμʱ;úͼ˪ЩٿʱȻĶơ
Ԩ벻ͨԭעһ£
ܿ죬Ԩ֪ͺڡˮڵЩŮӣڲǰ־֮أ˶ΣĺԨĥԼ
ĺԨ˺ɭȻ⣬Ҳڡ
ںˮڵߣԴ˴ĥ񣬻ϴӽ͹ǺܼȡĺͥѨϣԺϲˡ
ȻΪǾ粻ߣǲ¾ĺԨԨס
й۲һһЩЩŮӵĶԻԨջעٹע
״ȻǺܳڣҲ񾳡
Ϊãȥ
ϾǸʦڤܶԹ
ƫƫµĺˣֱֲӴɱ
ҷǳս۽ǻ֪ҲûȤȥ˽⡣
ȻУ߻кڵŮޣóȻȥֻҪ鷳
Ǳ
Ƭ̺ХûСԨڡĺףɱһͷĺԡ
׵ХͷԲţһʳѪ⾫ܡ
һѪͳӣ򡱻ڽʱ׷ɱ
Хأɣ˽ڡ
˳˽ڵһԱڽڲҲǱΪԴΪ˽ڵݣЩߣҲҶԸ
˿̣Хʳ֮ʣпװڣһЩڵĽ޳û
沢ڵС
Ԩ˼ۣʶչͷֳ˽ڣˮڡں̫Ԩ⣬ΧžĺԨûģһЩԴ½ںڵߣЩ˴񾳺ͻξ
ƺΪǽ˿־֮أ㽫ĺԨΪһĥξıء
ԨһЦûȥװڣȥХ
κ
һ㣬ִ˾ĺԨأҲ߸صĿӶ
統ǰ㡣
߸ӶУеðĻ棬еŨеĴ⡭
棬⣬ԲܺˮӰ졣
ͣ
һ߸ؿӶУͬʱ쳣䣬ҡҷ
ۣԨն̨ϸ֪Ϣ
ħԪڣڣл񣬼᳤ϢʣµǸĿӶûǿĽꡭ
ѸٱصĿӶȫһ˿ħ꣬ԪĲ
ֻжӦ᳤ǸͨĿӶϢ
׼ȷأ֪ؿӶģֱλԪ
ȴ֪ˣⷽص߸Ԩڡԭֱͻ󣬻̻ͨȥ
˿⣬縺άԨڡȶڶϡ޸𻵵Ρ
Ҳֻǻ̻ͨᣬʸ֪˵ܡ
ͷԣû֮ǰϷĴɱѵҲЩĬ֮¡ȻĻǼɱһͷԣ׾٣
ͻȻԵΪǵõ˸Ͽɡ
֮γɣܱôǿ󣬱ﻹ⼸г
ͷԣɱ뺮Ԩ׵˺þĺԨܲ¶
޷ںԨײ߸ģͨǺӵġԨڡ
һǡ
Ԩпһ£ͻȻͼ˪ҩڵǿߣٽĺԨɱԵΪǶô³ç
ӵأƻǼıʧȥһͷػԨܵޡ
ѹ֣Ӫ۷ǿߣϲΪڲ֪ʱ򣬾ͺЩŸˡ
ԼҪҴţ˵ڰɺңҡ
ع˼䣬ԨߣǸԶסӦɹǿصĿӶƮȻȥ
ǣǰ֮ͨ˺Ԩڻع飬ʱ˹ǿһ
ǿˣϺԨڲˣԻؽ˰ɣ
񽣣ûпܣڶལ⽣佣ִ֮ĳԨ뿪
ֲأͨ򣬸᳤տǸӶ



һǧİ ɵ
ʧĸ磬ֳ
ϢڷөʱѾ֤ʵˡ
巻˵ڸˣҵᱻŴᱻӡ
Ϊʱ򣬸
̫ʼ֮󣬱½ʱȴв߷졣
磬˽ǺӣӦú̫ʼйʲôЭ飬Ը
ĳ⣬ȥҷ
֮͸磬һֵ죬֮ϵΪܡ
ڻعݴ磬һⳤӹ黹֮ͨөĺԨڱԡתȥ
һԨ㿴ǸӶ᳤влפ
򦣬ɫԥţûͷųȥ᳤صĺԨڡ
ǣһѡⲽӶԱߣͷ
Ҳ¡
ĸԨУħԪںڵפߣڰʹ
᳤أͨеĺԨڣһƬİȼʱӨʱ̵Ļ硣
Ȼ䣬˱ģǸħá
ˡѩܡ
뿪ʱڶҪ£ɷħͷ˳ȥƿش˶ںݴڲѰΪɷħ
ˣ񲢲ߡ
ͷѩܣˣһȥݡ
ȻͷƾõѩܣȾų˵ѨƺԺݴ˿־塣
룬ѩҡͷܸɴؾܾˡ
ѩܸ֪ӫ磬ڰȺ˳һ뻹ʲôطʺǸԨڡ䡣
ι᳤ҵĻ𣿡
˰죬ûȻԨԴĵĿӶߺȣںݣںԨײ֪Ǳ񽣣ǲ򣿡
ĺһߣ뵽Ԩڡ
ȴʯ󺣣޶
һشصı̣ӨĻ棬͸ɭܶѻǵҲûΪⷬʲô쳣֡
ѵڣ˵ֻӿʱ᳤ŻУӦ˴仯Ԩ
ʱ֪װڣХȽˣնɱһͷԺ߽ӽ
;УװںХˣȻͣסˡ
ͣʮ￪⣬һŨ̶ȣԶ߸ԨڵĵطΧһ׵Ŀݡ
װɫ꣬ХˣҲǶʲô
ԨɫȻ
Ǽλ֮ͣأƺǡԨĹ֮ڡ
־֮صĺԨԭжű˽ͽ
ű˪֮ڽڣͱϵʽҰܺ˽ڣȻھĺԨ޽
ȴھĺԨһл󣬾ʹȥ˿־֮ء
űھĺԨ˶꣬ϢŨȥ˿־֮ػΪԨ޳˹
ϧȴܼ߷ڤһӪڹ񾺶УȺɱ
ǿʯĹԨһ֣棬Ҳöűع齣ڣǵġ˪֮һˡ
ϡ
ٴջֵȺһûȵ᳤ĻѶ
֮£ƮǿأңڲҲӵ²һۿȥǻܵĿӶ
ն̨еǸݾĺԨڣʹӷөǷӨǳ뵽Ӷ
֮䣬Ŧúܹӷөֹؾȡܡ
һ
ĬĬӦһִԨڣֻ򣬳ȡŨĺܡ
еܻƵģǸǱŵĿӶУΪƽ
棬ĵصһԨڣѵҲ£޷ȡ⺮ܣ
˵ݴͬһʱ䣬Ҫ߸Ԩͬʱ
кܶɻ
Ӿ巣кУ֪ݵĵҵֲܿס
û߸Ԩڣű֣ڲİ͵ػһӳ˺С޽˲
ߣдҲǨơ
ʹĸ磬ҪǺݵķ˺Сûˣ壬ҲͲ
˥ȥ
ԨȻ̧ͷ
ϤӰƬϷ䣬ԭΪǧٹͭǮ̴ԧ
Ҫǣ녾ȻҲУ
λ½ʼԼԼѺע壬˿Եúܽš
һ·ϣѯǧٹͭǮ̴ԧͻƵϸڡ
ǻ̬ȴΪ𱬵ǧٹںذοģȥ־֮أת޹һˣΪ˱ΪǸһҲ죬ͺԨһ𣬲Ȼִ
녵Ŀ⣬꣬ƺͲͻƳ⣬ܶ¡
⼸꣬׹ǵķԸͬ녵񣬴ڿ־֮ظûξ녣ܹڶɽĥǡ
ݣǰ׹ǵö࿴һۡ
أ㿴죬жô¡أͭǮЦĻξڿ־֮أһֱɹ顣ҪˣΪ־֮زʺ㣬ְĺԨ
㼴㲻ɹֻҪܱ񣬹֮·ǳ;衣
мˣ㱣أ
Żڵ̴ԧЦݺҲ˵ø㲻عڽţĲءҺͭǮǧʱ˾ͷԸǺտ㡣
ѣĻۣʣûʲôµġͭǮȥ
ŵһģ̴ԧĻˡ
֪ҼүʱܻغݣҺܾûˡ



һǧİ ͵Ľ·
˵⻰ʱȻػԨһĻĻ¡
һΰĲʵС
꣬ԨΪݵͽݼҵľ
ûŵأʩչܸͨݼ򣬱ᶨ̬ȣħĪ⣬ͽݼĨˡ
Ǽ꣬ݼҵˣݼ򲻳
ȥ³ǣҲȥûŵصǣܾ
ֱһ죬Ԩڿ־֮ذ׹ǣ׹ǳΪδĹҰ׹ΪаϭϢݼҺľԺһ㡣
ȻԨ̤аڣаڹ黹ɷħأɷħǿ
ֹһӣԨ½أ氲񣬻ʽ磬̬ȡ
Ϲ磬ҲѳħѡͬӪ
ݼҺ녣Դݼ»ع鰵³ǣŰ
Ԩʧ֪ͨٵϢ녺ݼֱһӣΪҲˡ
ͻȻ죬ٴԨϢ
ݼҵԨϢ˻񾳵Ϊ
֮ͻȻ֣ݼңԨŴڶ漣
ͷ˱Ľݫi
ݫiͽϣѪ̵ھޣԻţص˰³ǡ
Ȼ󣬱̷ɽ̻ᣬҩڵˣ׳֦˵￪µأݼҵ
ҩҩɽͿɽݼֲҩݡ
̫ү貣õӺͶϱĻع飬Ҳһͻơ
ʱ־֮Ĺ٣˵ǳİţȥ־֮ء
ݼңϰ˿־֮صŴҲ֪λڣǽصĹ
Ȼǰ
ݼңϣ൤ʯãԴһ㣬пߣŻڣڣ̻ɡ
κݼˣֻҪͻƵ񾳣ڿ־֮غߡ
녣ڻξʱҲǧͬţѡʵɽһϴѰһֵͻơ
ֻҪ񾳣־֮˹֮ڣԲ뿪־֮ء
ǧٹͭǮ̴ԧտţĺԨȥģ̻ͨǱҲˡ
޳ġ
뵽Щ녾һ֣ξĴ
ڳ۹ʱΪ񾳵Ϊй˴
Դ½м½Ĵޣ۹ν翴߹鲻ʹˣڰԴɱˡ
ܹհޣ
㲻صغݣֻҪҾͰȥǺӣͭǮƱ˵
̻õϢ֪Ԩڰ򣬴˿ӫ硣
ġѨͻġѨֻܹͬ໥ͨ
㣬ǧʱ֪ˡ
ԣŵӫġѨȶȫǰӫ磬ȥԨ
ͭǮ֪ө˴䣬֪ԨЯźԨڡ
ΪԨʱغݣǿߣԨʱнɱ
ϢЩͺ̴ԧǧٹҲһ
⣡
ɫһ㽣ںԨ䶨Ŵ˴ϢǺ֣ܳһζ꣬ٿүķɣͷλˣϣһγɹ
ϻУǧٹߴ١
̴ԧЦһߴڵˣȥ˿־֮أֻˡ㾡ִܷңߴڵˣҺǧ٣ֻ·ߡ
Ǹ㻤㾡ܷġͭǮЦ
л
һ֣һ͸׾Ȱڷų
Ȼ󣬴üĴַɳһ֧֧ġ
ÿһ֧СڣӡŰٵ澫âŲΪµУͨ
ĿĻʯ裬񾧣ȡһһڷܣΪһ
һɣٺɫĹ֣ͻƵĹš
ʱһüĴһغ˵ĻӰС˶Ÿ¶
˵㡭
ʮ֮⣬ԨԶն̨ͽ녣ͭǮ̴ԧĶ򣬿һ
û뵽녾Ȼôãȥͻơ
ͭǮ̴ԧǧڣӦò⡣
й۲һûзָĺܹвͻƵĴڡ
Ѿʼֳһǻ녵˵λãĬĬעš
мҷھĺԨı𴦣װڵһƣķλһƣ۲Ŵ֡
һĶõ˼۲ǿӶ
ͬʱҲʶСأն̨ڲ
ˣǺԨ֮ء
ݾ̬ǡ򺮾ĺԨڣһ麮ѻɣԿռϴӾŸ躮Ԩڴ͸յ졣
Σ
Ԩĥš
֪ھĺԨһ£ѹͲʲôܡ
һ̣һһͱˡ
Ԫ񣬿ôã᲻֪Ŀĵأ
Щ˼Ȼ֪ӦҲǴţϣݣǹǿصĿӶӷөĺԨڣܹٴνһ
ûҵʵ򣬺ԨڲǺӣҲܳɹأǿӶ򡣲Ū㶯Ӧò̫⡣
˼תʱ༸Ԩڣķͻ񣬽влڴˣ涯ֲҲܼʱֲ
Կ
Ϊն̨ڵΨһ飬ľһ£ط֮Ӧ
䣡
ڱҴأǲȫֺĺԨڣ͵һκһطɳ
һ󣬺ԨڱѨУصĺԨصס
ʵĺԨڣٿһ֣ǹǿصĿӶȻӦ
ߣƺͻȻһ壬ֱ˴ˡ
ǸԨڣűĿӶȥԵȲ
ԨĬĬעţûȥȴ䷢



һǧİһʮ һͨͨ
ݾ̬ĺԨڣڿӶϷû³䡣
ûУ뵽Ӷ֮Уӵûνıӵ£ԺԨڵᴩ
ֻĹԣɺԨͷš
ԣ߸Ӷ֮һ

ĵĿӶڣ΢С类ȼ౾ںԨڣӿռв⣬ǿӶзŲ
Ҳڴ˿ֱ̣ħԪںڣӻ᳤صĿӶͻȻӿһľܡ
һɹɣԨоζȻǵĺܡ
Уڿ־֮أᵽŨ
ͺܽϣϢԺеĻǴ֮
ܣӶӿֵǣԨִʱоģһλλԪϢĸɸɾ
ħԪںڵߴڣǻ᳤ƺһ̣˲һĬ
ûڵĺۼͷҲܵʧԨ
⣬ԨڶǵĹǣ޷ſֽš
Ϊ󿪷֮ţ

ܣؿӶȻɫӨףе΢СҫԵüΪء
ܣлŵĺԨڣһһݾڵĺڡ
һ飬˺Ԩڵĺеĺܵõӯѵ磬ĵ޸ϡ
⣬Ǽλڷǵֱʡ
ǣĺԨײ߸Ӷҵ
ԨĿ¶ɫ˲жϳԨ׵߸ӶӦγ𣬾ͻ˵С
У޸
صԨڣǱӨǳıѣص׵Ƽصıһ̶ȵ𻵡
ڣֻ𻵶ѡ
ԨֻҪûըûıм׷ɣܹھشغݵľĺԨԨھܱӶڣӿֳٴμ֮޸ٴʹá
УԵģԴͷĴ
˵
ĺԨγɣ߸ؿӶĵ죬ԴͷҲǲһţ
һԼоںԨ׵·ͨݵĵĳһ֧
ԨȻ
ܾúܾǰݵܳʢΪƽ⣬ʱ֮˪ͷͬ俪߸ӶִԨڡ
ôΪ壬ҲΪ˺ݣΪ˴˽Ĳ
ԴͷȻڴˣȻҲ˽ԸҲгˡ
һҲһʶߵչҲ¾ĺԨȺݱŨ
ڿ־֮ء
ԴͷȻڿ־֮صĵصһΪҪ֧ȴںܾǰˣտ߸Ӷ
ܣ
ԨüһƮȻ뺮Ԩڡ
ݾ룬ŨһЦ
ƴƴ˺ԨڴӷөסֽغݣͺͿͶռ˰ɣȻˣ޸ԨڵܣҲմȾһ㣬Ҳֵô
⻰ȴţȻܹȥᡣ
ಣ
Ȼ룬ݾ̬ĺԨڣԡڴӿеУȡһ˿˿Ĵ
֧ܣ챦֮콵̩ޱȡ
֮⣬ӵܣҲвֱѨϴǻ
ſѨϣ
ţѨϵ𶯣Ԩ۾һ
ںԨڣıȥȡӶӿֳ޸˺Ԩڵ
壬ɾûˣǸǧѷĺûᣡ
Դͷߺݵĸߣ뿴޸Ԩڡ
Ȼٽͷѩܡ츳ͨѰҳµļԨУ·ĿӶӡ
·ĿӶܴµļ򣬾ȡű
Ϊݵİȥܡ
ԨûúǰǰȫģֻҪֳĶ̫ţǱߣװ
ڣ̻ᣬӲԼ
Ȼˣб˿ռװ׷Ź
ǣȡһܣרȥµѨϡ

ʱͻȻ֣Ѩն̨Ʊ˳
ն̨Ưǻҫ߲ʵԣŲɫ
߲ɫӯſռܣͷʱ֮Ϣ
ɫԹ⣬ǿն̨˺Ԩڵݾڡ
Ȼݾ׵λã߲˿γɣ´䡣
䵽ڲӵ£ܻŵĿӶ
֮䣬˵һߣƺ˶ӡ
⡭
Ԩ۹۲һܿʶԨں·ĿӶǰпռܻ߽ӡ
ۺԨںδЩ߲ʵͿӶԶ໥ͨ
ҲΪκԨڷөǱӨǳȴܲϵسӶͺܵԵʡ
ɫߣĿռܣߵŦͨ
ȻŷөǸǳıѷ飬ĺԨڣӶӵĿռߣӦǶࡣ
Ӷӿֵܣֻ޸Ԩ顣
ѵռܶɵĲɫͲЩӶԴͷġ
޸ռߣԪ񼶱ĿռߴޣƩ統ļ
ߣʮʱ֮
ֽʱݲûּĴڣЩռߣԱӡ
ִƵն̨ڣͷ߲󲿷ֱն̨ΪԼն̨ˣſԵЩ
ˣԨ޸ؼһԼϣ
ֻն̨ſúԨڻָںΪ
Ԩھȫϣ



һǧİһʮһ 
ԨϷ
ӰԼأһŨεš
񸽽кںˮڵŮӣͬû
ұۣǵԶǼλıһ쵰εܹ֣Ͼ
񾳵Ľ׶Σܶ뱾壬ȴ뿪̫Զ
ңûñƣãҪʱ
Ǽ񣬺һұۣʮľ룬ͱ̫Զⷢ
Ʈ񣬺һȥ̽
ֱеϤϸȥʱһ벻
Өûʲô
ں´һԲԶһλˮڵͬŮޡ
û
Ļ̬ԷŮӨҡҡͷֵصһۣѵã˼룬
ǲٶԡ
񣬺ͼλͬһּӦ΢Сӣ뵽Դǡ
ֻǣǺڲú󣬾ȻٴŻϤ
ԥһӣרעҲû֪һĳźķλȥ
Ƭ֮
һޱȵľܣ̬·͵طɴܳ

ŨҰԴͷֱӹ״
ڱ۵ı壬֮һۡ
ͻȻ˿ϲ
ظܵȻɳһܣһǼ䣬תÿһ֮磬ϴŻǣ
̫Ԩڵľ»·𱻼ʶСأ·͵һ
ͱ壬ѣ˾ĺԨ֮УȻѡ
Ϊǵõĳָײ˴Ե
㣬ȥ˺δΪʲôڷ⣿
ˮڵӨȻ֣ͷųʵɫҫ̲סС
ຮڣˮڵˣҲϵ档
ƺҵĸ󡣡΢Ц

Ԩһˡ
Хص𣬻һλ̬֮ĴҰ󺺡
ĶͷҲǣɫϺ죬һģһ
һͷͽ׺Ժͽ˷ֿˣһεܣ뿴ûбĺ޳û
ѩ֪װΪĹϵԺһ㡣
ģһͬ˵ĽСƲġ
ѪͳǴѪ
֮Ѫںݴ磬ɲʲôʵ¡
罣ڰڣһͷͷԽУοĻѪࣿ
Х̾һԽԽã׷棬뽣ڵľǴġ
꣬ڱ̷ɽȣҲͶ·ˣԨǣߣűɣ˽һԱ
ڽڣ˪֮һĽޣοϵ
뽣ںһֱûõ˪ټһͷߣȻҲû۵ס
ֱԨҩϢںɢ˪żһء
ʱХʶһͷߣΪԨеϵۿһˡ
֪ˣ½زһԱˡ
ﹾһ䡣
ͻȻһܺӵİܣһͷ˪֮㣬ԶХֱӳײȥ

ܣȻעǻ㱬㾫ܡ
УнɫĹ㣬ƽ֮Ϣ
ХξԵЩ֪룬Ѫͻǵ̫ͻأҲ̫ˡ
֪ʲôƺ͵õľˣĳˡ

녴е컨ңȻĻ
ÿһ녲Ļӡ֮һ뼡֮£߷淨ʱǿܡ

ӶŸ첲ԵúܽӲϤ
ĺԨĺˮʱеĹĻһЩϣ塰͡죬ڳҵĻϨ
ÿڻӿһ̶ȣкˮ͡
˳
ǧٹأһţ녵γɣ녵ˮһһ顣
ͬ녣ڿ־֮һϴӻǣ֪녵ͻƲ⡣
һУǰ㡣
ף
Ȼվؿź󷽵ĺ򣬸һܣ䲻ð
ۻĺܣСϤľ
֮УƺԴͷζ
ǧӦͷǹͻȻӿܣ͸еĹĻʹ녡
녵ı΢֮󣬾ؿǧ٣ͭǮ̴ԧ
⣬˭ΪҰлһ档
ͭǮ̴ԧǧٹ㿴ңҿ㣬ΪãȻ
ǲ֪𣿡
֪

壬Ǻ͵һҹȻûۡ
һϮƮȻҲԶΣȴӦԨ溮Ҳû߸Ӷ
ˣ˳ħڵĵħ֡ܲԕF
յĴѶ֪Ԩؽˣʾһ
õˣŷһȻ
ˣԨȡЩʱżǣһƣ꾫ƿţۺϽֱХ녡
ҲˣХˣʵԨû̫Ľ顣
ˣԨ飬ܲԕFΪ졣
Ԩеο֪Ԩûб䡣



һǧİһʮ 촰˵
ܲԕFͺ棬ͬһʱ
رԨ֪Ԩ˺תԺ󣬾ȥ¼
Ӷط֣ǰĺ棬ʹ޽ǰĺ棬·ˡ
㣬һҪĺ棬ĩ˼޹Ķ¡
ƵĶ̶ڷߺͷˣ֮࡭ܲԕF
һֱģԨΪͽ󣬱Ⱥţٴڵĺб
µԨ֮£ֻǸŰ档
ڸոգΪһֻڣȥ۲ԨֻǿźԨصˡ
ôǲԨ籩¶
ХȺõ󡱣õԨĺ
Ȼž

ԨЦݣݾľڣ񲢴棬һͬȡܣǸ˼̫ˣҲó㡣
޷Ҳá
ܲԕFȻһЦȻЩϲ㣬̤ԺҲںʱޡҡСˡû뵽ŪĶȻںݻҪţҪֲ
¹ʦпѡ
ȻɫһԨʩ񣬡ҫҪԯѾͷӦңҲΪһ̫˶棬ͿҪʶھȱлˡ
ҡ
Ԩһڣ־ʶؿĸӶڡ
ħԪںڣλߴڵĻǣ
ȿȣ
ܲԕFЦһ֪ڹʲô˵ʱõɡأҲ͵ͷҲȥѯ˵
ħ֮½ԪߣҪѯ˭
Ԩһ㶣ζû뵽ټϡȻ˶Է
ֺγǣܲԕF˼ۡ
ǰԨйǷսıǣ͵ݣദ
ħ֮Сһ㣬˵ԨѾ˺ɱ
ʱȫָǼӶ΢ЦܸоϢûߡȻһȥ֮㱨ʱǻ֪˵Щʲô
ˡԨں
ܲԕF̫ˣ©Ȼ˾ĺԨ϶±׷
ԣһʾ֮ҡһ䣬Ĵ
ЩߣԼ棬Լйͨ
ΪԼ˫һֱܺã˴˶أ˵ҲҪܶࡣ
Ǳߣϣ㾡찲úúԨڡ
ܲԕFٴοʱĿ䳤ݾԥһ£˵صһԨڣ˵⡣ݵ߸Ԩڣͬһʱ䣬Ҫ֤ͨөѾ˲ӣһҲˡ
ԨȾ;ԾĿӶʲô⣿ôģ
޻֮صĺԨڣڵļ򣬷˴󱩶һʸֻ֪ǸĴ󱩶ΪǳԴ֮񡣡ܲԕF͡
ǳħڵҪˣҪԨн棬Ԩڵ֪ܶ
ںԨ˵ⷬЩ飬ǰøջ֪ġ
ԨһҲھ޴״̬
ڣھĺԨԨף߸ͨĿӶֱӦ߸ǿա
Ԩڣļֹػȡܡ
Դ֮񣡡
ԨɫˣȻͲ²ĳѱ䣬ӦԴ֪֮˺ݴܡ
ҲλԴֻ֪֮Ϊǰ㣬޷ݡ
޻ɣȵǿƸգеϸ˹ΪʮѪսʿԴ֮ܶõԽԽࡣ
ſʼа֣֮ݴ磬ǺȥƻݵĲ֡
ͻȻ䣬Ԩ뵽ܼڷө򣬾Ҫ뿪֮ǰ˵Ƿ
˵ڵĺԶͨȶҪ£ں̻ᣬҲˣͬȥԨΣ
ѵΪصĺԨڣҲͬʱ⣿
ǱߣʲôҪ󣿲ԣʲô󣿡
Ԩ죬һӰԼݣղͬգǼҪңǽѡҲˣǣΪһԱˡûʸҪңֻҡ
ϣ㣬ܾ찲úúԨڣС
ܲԕFͣ۲ǸԨڣڿӶϷ䣬Ŵն̨ڣɫϼ⣬ȻںԨڵĵײγɰռܵĲߣƳ
һԨڱҵܹغʱն̨
ǿˣһԨڵ޸Ӷ
ǿ飬Ԩֵն̨ҲؽҪ
ʱ˵ǷûгˣԨ
ܲԕFɫȻûȰ˵ʲôҲΪãûʩѹں̻ǱߣͬԨȥ顣
¾Щˡ棬ġ
¹ʦݵأӶϷһȦĻ飬˳źԨκλ̲֮ҵıڣܽȡһֵĻͬ
Ľ
˽лҳһЩȤ£ݽڵľޱ䡣
ܲԕFأѪ֮ƺȤ
ŪķˣԨԳ촰˵ն̨ˣµ죬Դ˶ķ
֪ˡ
ܲԕFҲΣõ˴Ժٲһ¡
ֹ˰ʱ
˺ͻ꣬ںԨڵԨüͷ壬ͻȻĪ⣬ǵõ׵⣬Ҫȥ녵·
Ī⣿ܲԕFȻôȻ񣬱ȥѾܾûϢˡ
Ϊˡ



һǧİһʮ Ϊ
ĪⲢ֪ԨѾǺӻع顣
ⱬ飬Դ֮£ġתħҲ˲ӣĪ⾹Ȼһͷ
ʵ䣬ʵӡǣѱڡ
ħһػ׺ķѻϡ֮£Ϊꡣ
꣬ɱ侫֮Īط񾳡
ɼÿÿʱȴԱأһĻĻ棬Ԩĺɱ
ܴأ˶ħϣ޳
ףΪҲȷ̬һء
Ӵ֮Īٴ߱˸նɱˣ׶أ
Ī׶ʧ͸Ѿˡ
ΪǽںԨУʼ·硣
һδεأԨϷˣԨǣűߡ
ֱⱻԨ
ͳǾĳ䣬ƺɢˡ
ʼħŲ㣬תħҲ⣬߻ħ֮£ڵĿͷ
޵ķɺʢ
λǰڵ׷Ԩ
һͬĺԨģħһӵħޣ񾳺ΪģƢ
ҲƢãܵڵĪ⣬Īⷢʱֵ
ԨԨ
Īݵӣϸ߸֣ʱԺоħأһǻķ˲䱬ˣɱ녵񣬾ҵһ
񣬿ı֣ϰΪˡ
ȻǺڡ̻µĬ녵񡭡ɹˡ˫Լִߣȥɱġ
ʲôƨԼ
Īƿڴһŵħ𣬴ӿ֣ĺԨĺˮˣŸγɵ񣬻ûȶ񾳣ҾҪӰﲻң
ԷҲǿڿأҰĪ̾
ĪѾʧأͫħ𲻶ϵɣ㲻ȥҾӲҾͲţͷӵأںȥҲ뿴ˣûӣ

һϮƮȻ
ܲԕF񣬵ĪǰָĪ⣬ָͷҡڣʾĪ侲
ҡεָͷںе֮һְá
Ī⣬Ȼذ

ħһӣһܲԕFʱȻ𾴡
ܲԕFľһ£ͬΪڣܲԕFֻһ񣬶Ǳ٣񡭡
ɼˣǱǫûһ붯ɸ˼
ĪߣҪһ㡣
ܲԕFѾĪˣĪ䣬ħԴ֧ţʼû֤Լ
ܲԕFУ׵ӣǷˡ
ǱԨŪˡ
ǽĺףĪԨһı
ҪĪ⣬ڴ˵أǿһɡ
ܲԕFӧԨҪںԨڣԱȡٵعòҪĳͻͣ¡
棬˭ڣ
΢΢ɫϾ֪ˡ
ǧٹͭǮ̴ԧͬΪ񾳣ǲã˵սܹӵƤӵɱˡ
УҲˣĵ
Ī⣬Ͼ׵Ķӣ˽֪
ôˣһ䣬ĪĺԨȻλڳ֣סܲԕFЦŴߴ١
һ룬ѡܲԕF

һƬƬҶķɳո侲Ī⸲ǣûĪκοںĻᣬĪתߡ
лҵġ
ܲԕFһЦ󣬱ԭʧ

պ󣬺Ԩס
ɹ޸ĺԨڣԨٴΰն̨عʶն̨Ҳ˳Ѩ
ǰӵ±лĿӶԵİ
Ԩһۣ֪Ӷڲļѵ㣬Ҳõ
ԨںǿӶӵĲɫ˿γɣ˫Ŧٴ
ǺӣѩܡѰٵʵı˺ԨڣѩܵİһǳܺͺݵľĺԨγͨ
ھĺԨһԨڵܣҲŪˡ
֪ԴͷĲ롭
ͷһ۽£һɢݳȥͷʶӰ˷ɲǼʶСء
ȥģ˵أҲи׼
ʼܲԕFĪ׵ıŭ
ܲԕFڵĺҪڡ̻ᣬڼ䲢ʺϼҳͻ
Īˣײȫ֣ǵ顣
Ī⣬ʲôӣҲˡľ񣬱ȫɢˣԺ󶼲Ϊ塣ңƲеħϡΪǸħϣԨһֱڱǿλԽԽߣôƵĵ
ûҪģҶԸ࿴һۣοˣ
ܲԕFĵ˵
ˣ׷ȥɱԨȻʧЦһһȥҩڣ



һǧİһʮ л
һڵľеâڡ
ŵأԨ粻ͬеѨϣµͥ
ϴӣΪԴȪڴˣԱڴˡ
Ҿ˵ɣ
ͭǮͷų¥һϢڷ녣ɻЩ֣еȣͱóֵĲȻһ㶼ûƺһһͰϴӡ
ǧٹ͹Żڵ̴ԧҲͷͬƵĸо
װ녣ΣԵЩ°ͣҲ֡
ظӦȻע룬Īô
ǹԴ˲ȹľдܣʱҪһڣҪȥϸϸֱͥѨϡ
𲻳ǹĹעԺδ
ֱ
һϮµܲԕFƮȻЦϡ
ʦˣɫ΢
ڳ۹ʱйӴΪڵܲԕFճʱйһѹ
ϧδѹס
ܲԕFǰҫ𣬼ʱͳһĹʦɳ۹Ȩƺߣֻܸ׳Ƴ
ˣΪܲԕFؽԪʱⱩ¶Ȼǳħصħ֡
ܲԕF녻ϰԵسƺΪʦˡЩη
ǧٹ̴ԧͭǮҲĳȻš
ܲԕF˳ħڵħ֣ħڡǱߵӪ˫ǰϵпɣĲͬ滹ǻкܶĲס
˹ϲһ
ܲԕFڰ֣ʾҲôţ̫࣬ĺȻľң谭Ծû
˭ɫãȻ
һֱڴǸˡܲԕFЦ
ĳǰ棿
ǧٺ̴ԧҲȻһ
СأͭǮ۴
ϳɹǰѷŶȥ˿̡Ⱥ


͵ľڣһŴƻֺ׳
һҰɫʯȻ̤һӰʯͬɫɣ͸Щ⣬һС
һ߳ʯУ
˲ӦԨɽһ˷ӰƮ죬ȣδˡ
ܿ죬Ԩǰûκԥ㱧ȭҾлһ̡
ŵߵĽɣɫ䲻ȣȻĪ⻹浹ùĶ㡣
һԨʱ֪Ԩµ£ܲԕFȰӦƼˡ
ǰãལ佣ߣ˵㲿ֹ͡
ü΢˵ǣɽڱϾվһߣ㼴жڣҲΪЩʲô࣬Ϊǡ
ʵרŵлġԨЦŽͣû˼
һüбһۣûģ
ԨЦΣһǰѽ䣬ô˵㲻ˡͷ᳤ȥѯһ£Ҳ֪
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޷ԨȻҩ񵺣Եһ߹ūţǼɾ

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ڣҩɽǰڷһʬԨģ˭
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ѪСǾ߼徧ӨڲذѪܵ񣬳סͷ߼ԣѴ֮û
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ԨְгڴӴ˿̵ı֣ʶλߡԣӦ֪ʲô
ʱȻ
ӵĿ⣬̨ĲȱջأۿԨżʣҡҡͷ
ͲȡһƣһƻУƺڽǿƣʲôصϡ
ʱһƻѶ»عʶ
Ӧ֪ʷУв꼻һ֣ҲйԻ͡һסƣ·̻ĳ֪ʶͨɷħڣѪ̣ڵĳħڶҪ񡣡
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׶˽׶̵Ͻֹ̽綾ķʽɹޫhϤĽ̵ꡣ
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ܿϧֿ֮Ĺں׶̣ҲδָܻڵĻԻ͡м¼񣬹ں׶̣ƺûԪ

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˵֮ˣҩڽұ֮ϣӡķźۼ͹ڵķ֮ơƫƫЩźͿ̺ۣɢݳʴľ綾˿׶ĳЩطĺۼ
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ΣΪ֮Ľ̻ᣬڽ֮󣬹ͶϣҶΪĬġ
κʱ巽ϣ׶̺͹ڱţڡ

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ԨɫƽޱȣڷһʱȾյڡʱܵһС
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֮ǿڶĺ棬ڵӰӣǡ
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ҵģǹڣڸͺɱУԪȫˡ
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ԨһħҲй٣
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ɢˣͨ쵺˵
ڴؿţһЩڵˣͬעĿԨȥ
һ˻ͨ쵺Ԩ֪Ӻѩǰҩūڱ׶֮󣬷ڵС
вкԼģǶ캣ΪʱĶĿԼµҪ
ȥĶ캣˹ڵط̲ܹڲκõǹͼҲΪ캣ѩһȡ
Ԩ˵ͷġ
Ϊ׶̵ˣȺڸôҽؼȴ
պ󣬻һλߣаڵһˣͳ̲㣬ҲȺ
ͬǲҷһ䡣
ԨᵽԾϵʱԺκλд棬˵ϣиҲûֹصķźͼ
Ȼ󣬲֪ʲôطɢһ˵
ԨȥͻΪֻ
ΪȺкܶˣĪرУ߻ħԾԭ򡭡Ԩ
󣬾Ȼ̻Ό飬̻Ԩ
˵ԨߣиĪξ̻ᣬЩפ˵صߣҲ뿪
ɵɢޣĻ֮£Ⱥ־ޱ䣬Ѿʼˡ
£ͭǮǧٹţӾĺԨǱͨ쵺
˵ͭǮԨһ̣͹ֽеģ²Ҽ˭벻
캣Ԩü
ͭǮһͣ㶼ܲµ



һǧİٶʮ õ
ͭǮľ
һģΪǧٹҲһķ˼ԨǶ캻ǰҩūѱΪ
캣
ͬеȡ
ɻĿ£Ԩǰ׼תʱ˼֡Ⱥߣһ۵ĵ죬ڲΰҡǸң֮⣬Ҳ֪
µµİң¶¶޹ؽҪˡ
󷽷˵ͷĶϴȺʱȡ˳캣ǵ죬ͭǮߡǰ÷֣ǵµİңб˶ĺۼ⣬벻ˡ
оǣͭǮ˴С֣һϣҾ뵽š
ⷬķôҰ
ںݴ磬޹ʥأȻǿ־֮ءΪ־֮صΪķʹ񡣿ߣֲڿ־֮أҲĹޣɢڸĽءǧٲ
Ʃ磬κħȻ޹ߣûʵ壬ʱаӿĻ顣Ƕ캵ϣҸовκϢĻȻɢŸʴ֮
ԣж캵ˣڲκвлꡣ屬Ҳˣת޹ͭǮ;һϵ⣬걻ʳȥ̽ʱͻȻзġ
޹Ķ캣ĹͭǮŵ
ǧٺͭǮˣأ˵˹̡
ƾ֮󣬾ԨܲȺ̫ã׷ԨĲڱ̷ɽȺ
ˣȹ̷ɽһȹ̾磬֮һߵȺԨ
̴ԧ˹ŻڣͭǮǧٹǽȥȺ;˷ֿ̽ʱͭǮ
ͭǮѶǧټҴҸĳ롣
캣ӦǱˡԨ̻Уûˣķ֡
ڣͭǮɫãȻȻδ
㹻ãǧٹϸֳ죬Ĺڣǧһɵڲκй֮ȴԲҰճ
Ҳ֪Ȼ
˵ģͼ˵ǹǧٽ͡
ͼǹͼ
ѩ£ڵ־֮صĹȷʵпܶλͼΪãԹڵʶӦñ
ǧ٣ܷ񡭡ͷһԨ
Կ־֮صĹһƬԼأһԴͷӵڤӡ
һڤӣĹ˲Ϣع־֮ء
ֻҪǧûֲĴֻҪһǣص־֮أϢϢصڤӡ
Ҳ֪˿ڲڿ־֮ءǧ
бİ취ҴһϢҲСŶޫhڵĻҲһȺԨ
һޫhӶʱٺЦǸã
ޫh׶̵˽⣬ˣȽǰ׶̵ĽڵܣҲп֪һԨ͡
ֻǴѶĻҲûؿ־֮ءİɣ°ϣǧһڴӦ˵طʱҲһ¡
˵Ĵͳ죬ǧԽߡ
λս֮󣬱ɿ־֮عŮӣһֱƺð
áԨӦ
˽Ⱥ
ѩͨ쵺Ѱ͹صĲо֮Ӹϡ
ǧҲطȥϵ˿־֮أͭǮˡ
գкںˮڵŮӣҲĪС
ȺķΧùɢ뿪Ԫںڡڵɣڰŵ뿪
Ԩ֮ЩУƺЦ
ǶضԴ¡
̻᲻ԨԼߣҲû취ʾŵĳϣõĴ𸴾ǡԨԶһ㡣
ȻԨߣô߰ɡ
ǣ̶ʮգȺߣʧһ롣
ߣҲ֪ڵ¼ʲôԭɵġ

ƧĵУԨۣն̨Ѩն̨֮󣬸Ӧɷħڼۡ
ɷħִ֮ΪҪռɷ飬
ںݴأն̨壬ɷħĴλãԨһֱܸӦ
Σ֮ԱͻȻǸоʲôɷħڽɱϮɷħ
ɫɭ䣬չĴأȥϵ
ûն̨ôңԶľ룬Ӧܣն̨֣ռ;룬Ʊ͵ˡ
ҡ
Լ䣬ĺλɷħںаڵ
Ȼն̨ҰȻ޷ʲôֻܸӦĽͲ
ʲô˴󵨣



һǧİʮ ħĸ
Ԩ䷳ꡣ
е벻ͨڵµĺݴأʲôʲôǿǿִƵɷħ
ǱߣΪ֪ԨڡУԵüΪơ
ʲôֻҪ̫֣巽ѡӶ
ƺĬй
Դ½ڣͼ½ڶݵҲӦöõϢ׷ױâԸͻ
ټݣʱ˿̣Ժߣ
˭֪ɷħԨ汦Ȼ˳ע⣬Ϯɱȡħ
ô
еĻʶͻȻصն̨
Ȼȴط֣Ǵ󶦣Ͷ֮֮ߣƱţüΪģ
ܸо󶦺ĳסһҷ
Խ£ͶϵͱԽ
ȻʱȺǱذĹĻˣҪȥаڡɷħڵƬ
Ҳʱɫһ֪˹š
ͷᣬ۵ĳЦӯӯǧٹɣ˲Ĺ
ڡ
̬ĳ飬ûһϻɾ˵ڵĸգԲǿ־֮뿴ġʱаеһַ֧Ȧ
׹Ǵ˵֪һ¡
׹Ǵ˱չãֻһߣȴٳδƿܳΪΪظӦ½Ǳߣն̨ӵȡ˳
Ϊն̨˶飬һͬǺӡ
һʱư׹Ǵ˳ɹķȻʧˡһ飬˳һ̣׹Ǵ˸ܵغݴģ˯ħͻȻ˼𡣡
֣µ
Ԩǧٽɫݡ
Яն̨Ӻ뿪ԺҸܵ˹ڸա׹ǴˣҲеħʼڰ
˵½صն̨һΪûȡһ飬Ϊն̨ѹݵ⣬ҲԼ˹͹ڣħеĵħһ
йﶼøл㣬лΪǽ⿪а׹Ǵ󡣡
ڣħҲ˶õ˴ɡ
ࡣ
ǧٻţ˵ˣ½˳ն̨ʱҶͻȻһ¡ͷ·һѹξʯ˸ͻȻƿˡ
԰׹Ǵ˵˵֮⣬ǡҲ񡣡УͻȻҫ˿Ĺ⣬һҪעڵļһǵУеаͻӴʼΪ˶ԸǣΪ˼Ԧ
ڣǧپȡ
λⷬԨˣͻȻʶڣеħȫ渴գȻΪն̨
еն̨飬
ãɡʯƶɵն̨·Ȼ࡭
ħ
ͻȻ䣬֪Χɷħϵļһʲôͷˡ
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ħɱɷħõ֣ɾѵĵħ̫ǿս
ڵʷɷħڶԶĵħն̨뿪ѣͨ󶦸֪뻢ڰȴ˸ͷ
Ҫ£
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Өâǵն̨صɫȺİռռ䲨ڿռз졣
ն̨½ȥ
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ն̨ƺͻȻ뿪ˣ
Ԩڿˣ
ϣжͨ쵺ĸߣͷŸ߿գһءϼҫһ£ʹ˵͸֪ʧһ
ǣȻԨˣȺͲ˼Īˡ
ӣƬˣ̫ӭҡ
ԭصԨɫأһ
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𼱣ҵȥ̽Ļ߱˲Ƶն̨Ҷԣն̨һƶĿռ󡣡
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ϸĳ飬ǧˣ˽ͣն̨͹ڣеħĹϵ
಻ѡ
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Ȼͨն̨ĸ֪Ԩȴڸ棬ڶħӿš
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ɷħͱ̬ĵħӷ׵ӹš
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ĵħնֵ̨һƺ˸Ӧ˿壬ûͷħڶĴִݻ
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ٺ٣ҵҪ˭ȳ˭
ĵħԼٶʧڵ£ЩĴ֣ǧߡ



һǧİʮһ 
˵ħڶħӿɣвֹһʶ
ڳʱЩĴ֣һǣŵģȻԨоϤġɷħ
ЩɷħӦΪѡУԸħʱûʳ
ȽײߵɷħһħĴֲţʳŻԼĻ壬׳
ںݴ겻ĵħԺ󣬲ûи
Ϊʱͬգ
ħԺ󣬷ֺѾ죬巽ڶԪ񣬿־ֵ֮˰׹ǹ
ڶԪ񣬻йĳڵص׵ĵħҲʵ֡
оǣѺǣûָ
ԨطݣΪӦֽĺݣܹĻ£뿪
˭֪ſʼײ塣

̬ӷ׵ĵħն̨Ұ£ȫص˵µ֮
ĽҲʧ
ļŵĸϷԨն̨ڲͻȻĵħ󶦵ϵҲͻȻжϡ
ħŴ뵽ĳһصأն̨޷̽
Ԩее㼬ˡ
Ƿ˵֮Ըפն̨ʱ֮ĲƲռˣǾִƵն̨ӦѹƵħ
ϾԺ󣬺϶Ϊһն̨½ѹ͵ħ
ն̨ӦȻѹƵħ
ħһᵽն̨ϢҲǽţȴҷɷħѸٳ䣬Ҳη塣
ǵħݵµĳʱΪܰն̨Ұ
⻹һָоĵħסȴûżʹƺڵԼ
ԼˣȫܵԼն̨ϢװηأҴء
;߱
ԸǰŴ£ԼоɷħϢƫƫûô
ҽص
һէ֣ԨͲ²ħͼ֪ħ߰ŵĸħʲôˡ
Ӵ׹ϫᣬ֮ħ֪ݵĵħûһƲ磬ȫǽթļһ
ֱµԨ˲侲ǿѹ¼ꡣ
ħ͹ǼʵѣڵĵڲκȺѰڲдߵ£Ҳ˵ħ
һħΪԼжǵħȺı
ߣҲ˽ȥ
ɷħյҳ䣬ԸңҪȡն̨
һͷѸԺһ飬ԨòԾˡ
һ뷨ʱҲð
ѡʱϢˣΪʲôħ͹ڸԼıԼ
ͲԼƹˤȥǸԨڡش
ħ͹ڣѵĺݵĻ𣬲ĸӪөǰ㣿
ͨ쵺
Ϸ룬ǧ٣飬ǷֱѶ̻Ͱ׹ǣ˵ɷħںа֮һƬļŸڵصףһڶഥֺħĵħҵɷħקµĳ
Ԩıڣɫ
Ҳһ巽ڹں͵ħһϣʲô̬ȡУǱߣð׹һˣѯʡ
ħͨɷħңȻյصס
侲أеźͲ²˵̻ͨͿ־֮ߣһȥ¡
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ãȥ죡ͷҲԾϺ᳤ͨ
Ԩ׹Ǵ˵ˣҲһ򡡣
ͷԨһ
Ϊ׹ǴҲˣ˵ڹں͵ħǱҲмءң֪ĸ˽Ҳࡣ͡
Ԩ۾һ
Ǻʷϣǿʢ飬ͳιݶꡣ
ڣտʼðͷʱڲκаɡħһֱڣȴԶѹţͱʱ򣬵ħ˳ƶ
䣬ɴûֻû֡
Ĺϵ伮廹ţһͷͷЩżͼᣬʱںᣬյٹ⣬ߺС嵱жôĻԻͣǶôǿʢ
ԶʱĹżͼᣬٹش
ǸԨſڡ
Ѿͷͷ˵һ£˵ôʡ
˵ԨٻȺԨ廰
ӣѩˣ˵仰ʱȵؿ
ڵѩ֪Ԩعʱط˶ı䣬Ҳ֪Ԩȥйϥ̸
Ⱥߣʸ˽̫Ļ
ԣԨ̬ٻӰ㣬󴫻򡣬ùŹ֡
ȴҲҿѯʲô
𣿡
Ϊͨ쵺֮һҲյϢ֪Ԩͨն̨ϵܽ
֪Ԩ˵ʲôʲô
𣿡Ҳʡ
˵㴫Ѷ򡣬˵㡣Ԩ˵ͷ
ðɡ
ӲͷƤӦ˵һԵȺ󣬾ʹ뿪
ڣǧٹзӡѩ졣
Ϊһͷ˶ĴϻƽİԴԪߣ򡶼Ƣġ
ƢҲᱻĽ⽣һˡ
ԨʲôܹԨеţԡٻ˵
ûôҵ̫ã뿪Ѷ󣬺ܿͻˡ
ѶˣѾŶԵȣٶȣӺȺ



һǧİʮ ŭ

Ϊ˲磬̬֮һɫ磬ں·š
ಣ
ͻȻͣסȻͿǰһײлɫӰֱЦ
ҽж캣ǲֵһС֪峤ûأǷҼ˵仰㡣
ɫĻӰȻһλձˣ̬òΪĳª
ڵ׹
ƳһۣüͷΪм׹ûκɵ㣬Ҳֻ䴫ˡ˵ɣҪʲô
Ȼ֪ڣ֪ƵĹ׹
Ҽ˵ն̨ѹ壬ں͵ħӦͬ顣̬ûΪӣκεĲȺߣǵѷĻˣӦϡ
ֻ׹ǹڵߣ㲻˵ǣ
ӣЦУڵ꣬ں͵ħҲĵˣϣԶʧߣûӮһصصײҳһƯ⣬ұݵɣҲ̸ϣ
ҵ·
Թں͵ħû̸˼
ƺƲں͵ħΪǧ˺͵ħҲ˽ҹ
һžܾˡ
ܣڳºҲ֤ڱںǺӶռ˰λ
壬ڣȴҲ˾⡣
ڲͷ¶βĹڣг߲ǼϵħΪʧߣӡ
򡲻Ըļһ̸
ԸϣҼϣʵشţ͡ǰ˵¡
ǰˣü
棬ҲڵԨ캴

ЦָŶҡҡͷ̬꣬ˣҿŶۣ
գٴ캣˲Զȥ
Ϊ׹Ķ캣ʧķҲȥȺ

ͨ쵺
װĳ飬һΰڣۡ
ġͼƮڴ˿̣Աߵļ˴Ѷ˹
ܿ죬ԨıзӺѩǧٶ˹
ִƵġͼڲӿ˵һ䣺һ
˲ԼġͼǸ¥˼۹ʳǵأ·ͳڶ´ӹʲô˽ս
ǹͼϢǹͼִߣӦڲԶ֮ǹͼȡӶ˳顣λǹͼͼߣִȨ
ѩȵ
ǧȻɫȥͨ׹Ǵˣ
ǿ־֮صĹҪȡġͼѾˣȻҪ
ˣˣ
ǧٻ䳲챦ǧȺܱΪ԰׹Ǵڵķʽȥڤӹͨ
ȻͨڤӣԴͷϵù׹ǻ֪Ϣ
Ƭ̺
ǧٵɫüΪأޫhͿ־֮صϵϾˣ׹Ǵ˵ˣڳ֮ȺڲǰޫhͻȻûϢޫhԴͷڵһߣƺϿˡ
⻰һԨŭЩħ
ɷħħҷصʱҲ޷Ӧ󶦺ĴϢ
ޫhͿ־֮أӦڤʧȥϵӦҲһ
ǿĵħ;нסŪˡ
Ԩʱˡסˣִټ䣬һƻ˵֣Ѳ
󴳽ɫͷǿϯλȱ˳ͻΪܱ˵ֵļһҲǲ˶ԸĴڡңпǼλһ֡
飬ޫh򡣬ڼ鷳ζŹں͵ħжˡ
ȥ򡣡
ԨǻʯЯŰ纣Ѫܶ߬Ѫ
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򡡭
סǣԨ͸Ӧǧһ𵴵֮Ѫܡ
룬Ȼɣ
һ
廹ͨ쵺Ԩ񣬻һɺѪ⣬ͻȻʧˡ



һǧİʮ Ŷ
ԨЯն̨аںɷħڽĸڡ
ȺԦѪɱ򡱻֮ء
һΪ
ߵ޷ԽӣʼձŽϵ
ֻҪһı񣬾ͻ˲ն̨

ʱĬˡۼͻ˼ǰҸӵľơ
ڴʱ̣ҪԼԻعԺ󣬲ʲôǱ߶ѡá
⣬巽ڡ̻ҲĬڲս
׼ٰһҪᣬں̻ᣬľ£Ϊ巽
һն̨ӭյĹں͵ħӦþԼ
ȥں͵ħһ壬ôͼֻ롭Ϊʲôң
ֽĺݣԪڶ࣬ڵ۷ǿߣٶϻˣƾʲôħ͹£
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Ԩʱ˿̵ĺݴ磬ӦǺУǿĵطҲӦȫĵط
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ԵħʶǱذߵĸоɵȫն
ôߺҲµȻ̣
ǳᣬں̻ᣬصҪֵ̽ģһǺԨڵѡַһǹڡԨ춴صġԴ֮񡱣һʹڣڷ͵
ҲƻһԨڡıشݣ
Դ֮
Ԩ۾Ȼ˲䲶׽缣
˲͸ˣʶں͵ħȻСԴ֧֣֮а
Ϊںʱѹ³ʱǺûʲôơ
صԴ֮
ĹйڵĲдߣһֱƯ⣬ʱӴԴ֮
ҲܣԴ֮ҵǡ
żħѣڵܹЩһﻹڵصһȡԴ֮šΪԴ֮͵ħǣߡ
Դ֮񱳺֧֣ں͵ħںӦ
ˣں͵ħжͲΪǰΪ棬ΪҾڶԸҩڣԹں͵ħԣֻһСֵ⣡
ҪģӦһңִŵն̨
ಣ
֮һƬīɫĺϷͣ¡
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˭
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ͷڣһ۵氲ͳź̵Գɽ۸֡
мӰ׷׿ټֻ¶һ˿΢Ϣ
һ˿ϢⰻȻԽߡ
һ˿ϢƵߡ
һ˿ϢػҽΪԪڵߡ
һ˿ϢڰħԨȻħħ
С
Ԩִأȴͬʱɫ
ʱʶģӳñչģЩݵһϯϯߴڣԸԵķʽ۲
ڰһһΪ
Щںɽۣ֪ͷļһֱɢݳԼеϢ¶ݡ
Լ֪ڿԼڹעԼľٶ
˵ħ͹ڵС󵨵ľٴ룬ͬЩ˵ע⣬Щ˾衣
ǣʵԼһҲеֺͷѽ⣬ħ͹ƾʲôң
Ȼħ͹ڵļһԼԼͨԼõʲôݵ۷ھͿʼĬĬš
ħ͹ڵǱߣվʲôˣʲô
ȻڿȻҲ֪ԭ򣬾Ӧ֧ҵж
ͨ쵺Ԩıɵߵ¥ۣ֮Űƶ񷣬ȵƶҾͷȥҿǵļ
ѩͭǮǧ١֣ǽܡˣ˿̵̬˵ĻĪ
Ԩֱֻؿ񷡣
Ȼ󡭡
ͼһİƣ໥·Ӱ㣬ɢ˿
ûз磬ûˣҲûɹ֪Ѫͻûڶ
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Ԩһغȵ
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ƶʲô⣿
ڴ˿̣һԨţλߡ
Ϊ׽Щˣ˵仰ʱ׻ͶӲˣ˵
λڻӦ㣿֧㣿֣ǽˡ
ǡǾλڻӦңǺݵߣ˻Ӧֻļͨ쵺ϿաԨ˵



һǧİʮ 

ֳԨڵõڶߵĻӦ󣬶Ȼ·
ǧǧ׻īɫĺˮУʱɱ
ԨЦһػţɺѪĴ⣬˲ͽӿ׻ն
ۣۣ
һֻֻĲбײǣͼѪʱ·ӬײѪ¯ںˮл
īɫĺˮзŨܣƺҲ
ԨᡰסһƬǹͼڱεĺŨΪľˣͿ־֮ػЩƣʺϹ
Ȼ𣬾ƬŨܣһ㶼
ȡ˵صܣ廯ֵĹ׻꣬עᱩ壬ûǣᱻʹƿءǡǹĻҪġ
ԨʱôһҲа
ڣôһӣָ糣ˡ

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Ѫ꣬Ϊ߸ӴѪɫħӰ࣬һֻֻɱ
ҲˣǰˣܷɶɵѪ꣬ƬĺͬܵǹͼӰ죬Ʊ߶ϣҪѪūȥ
Ѫɱ׻ʱаݱĵʴ
Ԩϸ֪һ£֪صаһʱӰ첻Ѫꡣ
ΪѪǳġͼǳԹڣԹڵаӰޡ

һ𣬸΢СѪɫ˸Ҳڷ룬ƬīɫУǹͼٿص׻ɱһ
ɷħҪڴˣеѪϣӦø׵㡣
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ǽӲӵۣ΢΢ͷŵĹâܸɱĹ
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ĽɫУԻڰظӦʲô
Ԩܿ΢С⣬ȻŤܡ
򡣬ƺͨ츳ıŴƬǹͼӦ
ûбס֮ԻͣڴˣԭҪȡǹͼ뾾ŵĹˣ
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ᵽϢʱ׳ͻȻһ˦β
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磬·ʱӦǧйѹǹͼִǹͼǱߡ
㲻õң˭ݴ磬Щ⣬˭ɱңԪɱ򡣬һҲ
ͷԻ޵ںݴ磬Ǻӣ²ٻѪһ͸İԵԨҲΪ֮Ŀ
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һͳŮĺ״
һɫǡ



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ġ
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Ԩߣ࣬ϤĻӰҲڣ
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ķʽ˵㣬ūѡ񡣡
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ΪаϭʱǺūҵʱѳұķԸ֪ȥȻ󡭡
ԬȻƤ··ǧҪƿճеĻ
λħλ峤Χɱ͸¶ϢģӦħףµʵݡұ̷ˣūҺͽ尣ūǰйӴվǱߣ
˵ⷬʱԬ
һ˵һ߻ڿͷŨŨ
Լûȫã׹һ
Ԩһ͡
Ͱ׹ǰŵʱȻն̨ͷƿն̨׹֮ľ롣
ն̨ڣž΢ȫ㣬ٿ׹ʱ̬ȫˡ
׹ǣ˭
׹֮ǰаϭ
аϭǰǿ־֮صĹꡣ
꣬ôģôΪģ
Ԩأ˳˼齥
ˣֻǵһ֮ǰ˭û䡣Уϭʱǵ㡣
׹ɻΣǷʱĸоǴﱾԼ
⣬ǵüԬԬ˵£ԬˣȷϤ
ֻҪһԼǰҵʧȥм䣬ӡСһֻ֡ҪʹȻҲ֪һС
Ԭ˵
Ԩһӿɬ
û뵽֮ͬصİ׹ǣȻһλù棬Ҫ²ΰݵĴ
Ǳˣ˼ҵļ˼Ҿѣ
꣬䷽ɣѰɣ˯ڵ޾а
ԬͷֵסǻһֹϵҪ׹׹ǻҡ
ԨͻȻͱʧȥϵ
оĴڣֻ֪ʱı򡡢ѩʽ̤ҩڡ
һĻҩڵҩʦ䣬ֿĻ档
û彵٣ն̨Ԭ׹ǵ˽ࡣ

׹ҡͷ
ץǷٿһſڣԬŬֱӸĨ
ǷˮһͼģҲͣ
Ԭ̧֪ͷôˣѵԸ
ɷħ׹ͻȻԸ
׼㶯ʱ֮дתƵԨ׹仰ס
ɷħԬȻ
ҡ׹ظһ顣
Ԭ¶ɫǶǼħѹţҽơ
ȥҡ׹ֵ
ԬһãȻҲס
㲻ף׹Ǻȵ
Ŷá
ԬӲͷƤӦ
׹ֿԨǼ
ԨãȻҲǣҲǣһӲͷƤŶá



һǧİʮ ҩ
½ϲǧĵػɽڶɢ¥
ɫɽͣб俪Ķʱ˽
ҩڡҩʦеʥأ
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վڹ㳡룬ҩʦɿ䣬΢Ц˵һ䣬ҽԨǰǺ档
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仰Ͳ˵ʲôվžҩڽĶ
棡
ˣ
Щ˴Сű档
Ԩ鸴ӵأƬϤأһɽͷſϤζͻȻ䣬ξ
Ϊˣͷɫǵޱ䣬ʵʲôԵģһҩڣֻСһھ겻ڣӦòֵ𾪰ɣ
ΪԨһ
׹Ǳߣ̽ʵ
Ԩ˵ͷ
ޱ䣬ΪԬ԰׹ǵıϹϾԬǷп˱ԬϵǷ
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׼Ան̨ϵ˲Ƶն̨ܷӵص
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ԨûͣΪڵǵҲʣҲûȫŪ׹ǵʵݡ
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ҩڵͻȻձʶԬ
ʶǹִģλ֮һɫôǵµ磬
Ԩͷ
ԬƯǺӣء
һ£һľãϹ޵Ĺתתֻ֮޹ڵطַͨʽڡ
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һֱں͵ħ˵ԬʱǸ൱ߵۡ
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㣬۾Ҿˣ
Цݵ
Ԩңĳ࣬ҲĴ㡣
Ҳ֮أն̨ʧ
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ҢıѣһǶȿҲûôѽˡ
λǣ
骿ʱͻȻͽԵúܾн
ͷĽɫǣǸ˶֪ܿʲôݡ
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Ŵͣ˿϶ش𸴣Լݡ
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˺ˡԨıԹʱҲȥȥҩأҲһЩ
ɡ
ǰ·Ԩ򡡢ѩš
ʱԨ͵Ŀĵء



һǧİʮ ת
ҩڣΨܽĽС
ԨվͷŹ⻬ұڣûƼκιͷţѪӦԺҲûʲô֡
֡
ֹһ䣬㽫¯桱ȡ骺򡣬ѩ棬ʼרעȥ
õ͹骣Ҳûʲôؿ
ܿ죬һ¯ͨġѪԪʱȻ
ڵ輴¯иʱظоұڣ·ʲôб
ҩΣǼеĹؼνġҩ
ɫͫȻҫٺЦ
ѩ骵ûоһ㱣˶õԨѣûʲô
ûұеģͷţظֳ
ֻǣһ˸Ʋ
ѩע⵽ˣ
ۣ۾ؿţЩ͡ǹͼƵķš
Ϊ˵ԨΪ׼ұӿʱͿšɡ
ֵǣұеķźߺۣ͸ϢȻܡ
Ȼ䣬еɫǳɫī֭΢С˿ұɢݳ׷ȥ
͵һ
Ԩһĵһˣ
˿˿Ƶģɫǳɫị֭̄ĺףʶ׳Ļǣ񣬻ҪȥѰ͵ػ꣡
͵ػ꣬һɱΪһ񣬸ڡ
ϸظֵ֪ɫǳɫī֭˿ֱܷ˵꣬С
ĹУҲȷаȴ˲޳
ɫǳɫī֭˿·ԴڵǸ磬Ѿľ꾫ˣɻȻϢ
Ϣȴǿ˵꣬ҲǱĬӰ˵ԡ
Ǻʱṳ̂·ʵ̫ˣԱ׳ʱض䣬Դ䡣
һȫȻӰ죡
ҲͶ̶룬ɫǳɫī֭˿ʧұڸֵڶٴû
С棬ոաոʲô̲סˡ
̣һΪǰ˿Ԩ͡
Ǳ
ȻŭʲôˣҪ˶Դ㣬˶֣㶼ûУͲˣΪλҪ㣡
ͷѰζС磬ɫ˿ꡣΪ֮أǱߵԣŤ˵ԣ˵Ķаһ׳󡣡
̤·ˣֻҪΪ񣬾ϴеǣȡĲ֡
ϧǰУЩǣ걻׳ʱĶаҲ֮ǡ
ѿڡ
κһ񾳵ߣͨЩ˿棬Դֻ꣬ҪϴǼɡ
ƫƫԨû취걻ǿʱҲŽˡ
ԣһˡ
ǹڵֶΣ
Ԩӣǳ˼ãһְֻұһǵѩ
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ѩͷֻ֣ǰұϡ
ոһΪӵĹŵλø֣µأٴظһ䣺̻ұڵͷţɵƣͽйת󣡸ոյĹƣ
ԨȻһ
죬ٺٹЦС磬ڵͷ󣬻ı㡣û´Ļת󣬺㵱õֻصӦҪһţɹת
ΪûУֻ̫ܲصҩԣǰԹת֮ص˿㽫
㣬ǲŪʲô
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еĹܣǰ׳ꡣǰ˵ûֻ˿ף㿴ŷ·˻궾ʧֻ˿ҲǿˣڽӦֻص
ѩҲͬĿͷޱȣڣȻǰתҪı㡣
ʲôǵ˵ʲô¡
ԨɵˣҲĬˡ
ն̨ǰԬ׿ڳˣΪƲ̸ԾȥжƷڻ˶õ
ڣѩʵˡ
ΪݺΪĸԴȻڰ׳꣬Ϊֻص׼
ԬΪҪ˵ѣ
ںϵʲôҲɣԬ͹ڣΪʲôԼת
Ǹ뿪󣬳ڶĹĺ𾴣кص¡һĸ׽ݫiһӣаڰߡҴ֮صļһҡ֯ôʡ
ԨȻôһĸݫiˣ
аڵ尣ڵ˵ݼһᵮһ˲õаϭ㸸״С츳׿ԽаǱΪ㸸׾ǸˣԲ֣㸸׺ĸǰ³
Ҿá
һҾãаǱ߻ŪˡԤԵģǸݼҵˣͲ㸸ݫi
Ԩ
ֻΪʱһɵӣʲôҲ㱻ˡ
㣬ǺʱӦþͱѡˣתǹںҩڣʹɵЭĬ
תݼңǹڵİţǰѡõġ
Ŀ
ѩУţ
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ԨĿɿڴ
Ϊתݼң
ΪаԹڣԬ̷ˣԣѡݼң
ԼתԺ󣬱˳ڣΪ˹ɵһԱ
ת֮·˲ӣӻ꣬ҵػٳδ飬Ԭ͹ڵİţڵĽ
ʱˣ޷ȷ˭תҳʱûߣùڷˣ
һ˳ʱݼҳҲػꡢȫڣͻйڵѰĴߡ
ᱻڽɣֱڵɹڵһλǿߣ
ڲúһУѡ
ԬЦһۣ;ˣ
ʦֻص϶ֽţڰаԼùڵıһ



һǧİʮ Ԥ
УڼԨ΢
һ̣ʶӦöʦӳ೾
ֻص⣬תʱ䱻ӻꡢػĳٳδ飬пʦΪ˱Ѿ˼İš
֮ûԼΪʱԼʦбѾˡ
ʵҲȷˡ
а׳׶ˣ·ԽԽԶ
ƵĶŪľ綾ƣ֪к˶飬ȥˣԼľġ
ʦ֪״̬ԼȰҲûˡ
֪ǲԼֻΪˡ綾űġ
ͻȻ䣬Ƿ˵ģʦͻƵھչأеȫҢȥ
ʦֵʦ˵ʦУȻʦܣǲֵˣ
ұеġת󡱣ֻҪ񾳣ȫȻӰ졣
ʦʦˣңܵʴɾ˶档
ʦּȻô˵ˣ˵ʦˣӦڱĵطԬӿǧٱ֮뵽ǵꡣ
Ԭ͹ڣеǸˣֻǰĺ档
ֻҪתҪ֮
ʱԬ͹ھΪѾǹڵһԱˡ
ʦӦǰԬЭĬԬ۲ԼͬԬ顣
ɺ֪˹ڵͷҲǱԭʦܷˡ
ڵĽʦʧʮа˾ˡ
ʦǰп֪ܽʦ֣ʦֻԼһ̣ԼڵİţתɹɹڵһԱ
ǣʦĬأֻصֽš
Լת⣬ڵȻ쵽ʦֵƻԽָʦ֡
ʦҲףҩԿ˹ڣ˵׷һζǿոͻƵھ
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һô꣬Ҳûֻص˵裬ʦһʼ֣ţֻصǰĹתȫԬ֪ʦġ
ٺЦ˽⣬Ԩǰתص
Խȥڣ¶ĶԽ࣬ԵԽȤ
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һͷˮ骣˵Щ飬𾪵ĿˣԺԥ˵ҩڣǰȷûֻصʦģΪ˵̫аţ̫ڹ죬Ƕòɹ
ֻص͹ת󣬵ȷһġԨ˵ͷ
Ҳڴ˿̣͵뵽һ¡
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ĪħСתħħǺʱرע
ħһֱУܹı˵ʡ
ҲǡתħĪ⣬ʱطͥ
ӻͥһܶϴһͥѨϣԼ츳纻ʵھԪ
𣬻عͥȥšתֻеơ
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ħףֱӲ˶аȺҲƻ尣就аϭ
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ײ͸ħҡͷȻһЦħתһʲôתħСˣֻʣֵһġ
Ϊˣȫɱ䣬޷Уһš
ħġתħΪмģҲеƲס
ħ㲻ú͹תе𣿡Ԩȡ
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Ƭ̺뵽һЩ˵˼׺ԬӴǴԬУõֻܣνĻתħ
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ҢҾͲˣ̣ȥһ£Ͱһ¡ʦ֣񵽵ںδԨҪ
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޴꣬ںʱûֹ
Ϊʱ񲻿ɱȣһйƬѣʱԼҲ޿ܲ
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֪йƶ䣬ƶΪˣӦҲĬȻܡ
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κ
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κ˺ݵؽ֮һǵħʥأҲǹڵķԴأ
ԨǺʱȥƵĵطǲκ
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СӸ߳ҢóҢȥԶ̤κܶǰҩھһɣеҩʦϽȥκ骺ȵ
Ӧûˣź˵ͷ£һֱںݣκȷǸڵĵط
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ˣǰԤϣ֪ôһ졣ѩ
գҪȥκԨһ



һǧİʮ ߲ʺ
£硣
Ԩն̨ڣջİ׹ǣԬշӡ
򻭾ĴڣõХ׻ħͷܵظеη壬׷ױÿ
׹ǲûǻ;ʱ뵽ʲô䡣
ԬʼձǫֻҪǰ׹ǵ⣬֪޲޲ϸ㡣
۰׹ǣԬûܻԨûʲô
ҲԨ֪˲
Ԭԣ׹սħ֮
ɰ׹ԹΪԼ׼˺֣֮µĺӶڵ׹
ԼĲд澫꣬Ϊó׹׹
׹ʼΪСݷĳһͻȻڿ־֮
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Ϊ˱ⱻ֣⣬׹ǰļ䣬ӡǷû򿪵ĻС
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оǣ׹ҲҪôõʱ䣬ԭļ;ӡǷ
ðͷһ̣ǿհ׵ģϵ
ͼĿ־֮صĹǿʢԺڤԿĹ
Ҫ֪˵еڤԴͷνǵ
ͬһʱ꣬ڤеΣգ˵ǿ
껹־֮Ǹ˹޷˵ѡת
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ûܰˡ
ɱǧģͽǹԭǵˣȴǣתԸǣ
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ħڶףԭԹڣ
ħһλԪʱ򣬾Ǵ˹ŵһԱ
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ͱʧȥϵԨͷβҲû˵Ǿ˰㣬ֻĬĬ
ǵɷħ֮ء
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߲ʺİУŨľ綾ƯĹħ
һͷޱӷ׵ħ֣߲ʺУһеСɽ嶼˶ĵĴ֡
Щֲɷħ䰴߲ʺħڶħʶɡ
ԼԼԼԼʲô
ħ֣ͷλãһ˵ͷڳ˼
ն̨ںǰͣ£ܿɷħǰĴֲƣʱƫƫ޷Ӧ
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ɣκ޴ڵƣǴ߲ʺڳġ
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ȥ롣
¡
Ԭʱ򣬵߲ʺԣӷ׵ħ֣ħϵͷ˼ˣҪһ
˵ʱָֻ̬䵭ư
ƺֻ԰׹ʱŻŻչ¶ǫ
׹⣬Ԭƺû˭Ҳûκһ˭ܹ
ݣеԪ񶼲С
ǰĵħǼʵѣͬҲС
ԬҪʲô
㲻Ҫɷħɣ
Ǻòģ˵ҪҪ
ӷ׵ħϣУͻȻǺܶһ˵һԬ
Ԭޱ飬ظһ䣺ҾҪɷħ

˼״ˣͷ˵һ䡣
Ŷðɡ
ӷײħ֣еͣ˵ͬĻɿ˲ɷħĴ֣ɷħ¶
Ԩʱٽϵ
ߣߣ
ļХȻ



һǧİʮ ħʼ
ɷħԨλƮļХ쳹Ԩ
ǼХ˾Ͳ
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ӴӺ¶ͷԽԨ򡣬վǰЦ˵١ǣҶ֣ô˲κ

һһŮֱԻں͹Żڣȴѳߣʱ
١ǣһҶ֣ǰȥͨ쵺йԵɺΪ˾ǶѰʵġԨһ˵Ȼü
ʣô֪λӳ೾ʶ
١ǺҶ֣еԨתǰողų
Ůģת֮󣬲ںݵԨȻʶ
ǡ
١ƺͦ𾴷ӣ˿Ӻ󣬲˵Ǻܾǰܼҩڳ˿䡣ֻûƣҲû˵ˡ
Уǵͨ쵺ܹЩģҲаæ
ҶҲ廰ûæ̫أ͹Żڵԭ·Ǿõͻƣֻһɢޣ³²̫
ŻڵԭкУڣͣ磬̴ԧˣһֱϵ
ͻع԰Եޱȵ¶˹Żڵ
ںУһ׵ĹŻڣ͵ͷ͡
Ҷֺ١ǣԴǼ䣬ʦӳ೾ĸм𾴣ŷӳ೾Ըڴػ
ǵ飬˵ЩԨе㲻ζ
ĺҲļ˲٣綾Ӱаħ
ʱǣһһߡԶơ
걣ļˣƵĵ裬Ҫڷýҩά֡
Щ˶ûʲôҳϣֻп־塣
ҲûӶ¶ֶʦְİ񡭡
١ǣҶ֣ҲΪʦ롣
̸Ѿȥˡ
ӵ˵ͷЦЦɫӵԨأڲκˣ̫ʱûȥˣû
ָԨ֣ؽܣúʶһ°ɣԨҩ֮ǰĺ棡
棡

١ǺҶ͵رɫݺݵص˶һۣͻȻ
Ӻίæȥͣ˵ԨѰ𣬶Ѿ״ˣԨĳ֣ܴ
˵ȻԨΪˣԨԶҩ⣬䶥
ӵһͣæҵرȻзӺĹ飬Ԩɫ
£ǻûꣿԨȵ
Ӷʱ졣
򡣬ҺԨһҪӲƾǼסԱһ¶ͷǣÿ
١ǺҶ֣Ŀ⣬˷ӡ
΢Цÿɣǵȷû⡣أҲȷʵסеκһ
⻰һ١ǺҶ֣ԻɵԨ
ȻΪԨּ߱ս
Ԩһ
һȵأ١ǺҶֱֱ̬ǰĲݶȥ
νġĻĽӽһƻѪɢݿصס
١ǺҶĿɫ
ǸĻķԸ£ǼŴ졣ϸڣγɵ缣ҲġӸЦţ˵ֻǽǹߡ
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١ǺҶе

ƯϷƣҲԨøΪŨĵػͬм

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Ԩһǰͣ£ۣĻѪ֪šĻ󡱣Ŧ
ǰҪҪָͷ̣ܼС
ڵһǰ컯ѪܾĻ͸صУʯеĻأоϸĲΪá
ûˣϤ˵ء
ʦӳ೾ȡڴˣҲ
Ϊĵߣ
꣡
򡣬Ƿӵˣ֮̽Ļٴ˴˷ҶĸЧǿ
ĵǿˡĻ󡱣Ҳø£¸ֶ
ԴΪģԲʮ̣ۻܣ׷ǣšĻֵӿ롣
Ļ󡱵һ־鹦ЧͣͶٴת
˾鹦Чļǰ£ɾ綾ƯܼС
ɣҾ˵ɣĻܾ飬ƫƫţӵ˵
١ǺҶֳĬ
Цŵͷû뵽ԨǰȻԸУҲôԡϧϧṳ̂·ڰ㣬һз׷׽кӦ
򡲻мس˳ǣֱȻһ£ֳһצȥʲôĻʲôصĵػ磬ȫ˺ѿҲãۻҲãûʲôõġ
䣬ļһмӿЦ
˽ʱԨһéݣһ۾ͿˣǸڵĵ¯
¯ǰ͸ģأɾżľӨ졣
ϸȥܿȻݻƣ鲼¯ڡ
һֳȵܣӯڵ¯ҫĹâ
¯¯θסû裬ûҩݡ
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ӣխĵ¯ڣһ߲ɫҺУȣ۾ȴţɫʹࡣ
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ʦ֡
ֻ˵һۣȻȻغ
¯ڣ߲ɫҺûӵˣƺûĺҲ֪ĵԭ״
ʱ򡣬ӣжӵҲ½ˡ
˵˵ɣôһ£ϣ׷ʲô



һǧİʮ ħ
͸Ļ쵤¯ʣۼ
ʵҺ壬Ҳӯĳأ·𰵺
Ȼڵеӳ೾ȴʹ
ǴجУƴҪѣôҲ
¶ļ壬ͽҺɫһɫϼƯϸȥĻЩϼڻƶ
Ԩδܵһʱ䣬ɫҺ߲ʺϵ
۲һᣬֵ۾ֱ̫ܿ࣬ӵ㣬ӣ١ǡҶַʡ
˵һֲֿľ綾ȥ⡣ƶκľ綾ƣܹԶأȥڵľ綾
ڽ͵ģȻǶӡ
ķԸ£ǰκãҡѡ˴˵ء֮Ҳʾ⡣
֮ӣһûмҲûķʽȥϴھ綾ǷʽȻյĲɫ;綾ƣ뵽ڡϴӾ綾ķһķ
ͨķʽ˵޳춾У
ӵĻͣηĿ⣬Ԩ
Ԩü˵أ
ãе񵱳㣡
һҧĿҲᶨˣñ꣬üûġҪ˶ãƽƽҳϿǸ˵ַĺ֢
١ǺҶˣʱҲ׷׿ڣȥ֤ʵ˵
ԨɫŤͷһ򡡣
ٺһЦͷ˵κ֮ΪǵĴڡеƣٵģеµ֮ûȻЩ壬ҲȻۻ塣
ꡣ
һ£ֲ걻Ⱦĸа㵱ʱܵİٱͬǣ̤·һλߣֵܵ
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УתĴڣӿܣʵѼ䴿Уֻа귴õǿֿ죬ʦ֣ɾûôˣɵ֮û
㣿һͻȻǰѵҲǣ
ԨһûӦ
١ǺҶһ˼ǰӳ೾ٻԨĴԣĽ˲²⡣
ģǶԨĹ۸УҲһЩ
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°Ȼߴ˶һָԾƽɫ磬緢˿ϸĽɫСҪ͸ǵ¯뵽档
ͣ
涸Ȼγɣ¯סҲĽɫ
ƲƲ죬ҪٴηҪȥ
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Ԩüͷһ壬Ķһۡ
գ̯޹˵Ҿ棬ģ˲Ǻʦ֡
ӣ١ǡҶִһ
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еλߣ֪ƺ⣬ͱʮںۣܹ֮ǿȥȼˡ
ֻΪ֪ʱûűô޵ӻŴʱ⡣
ĸ߹ڣȻԹԨЩ⡣
ЩɫҺ壬ʱƶġԼ˵ˣĻᱻڵľ綾ʴ
Ӽ˵¯ҲԼΪû˱
ֻǣʱԽãܵʴԽһӣҶоĴڣƱˡ
ǣҪǳʱ䲻อٵȷḯá
أһ޽ѭľ綾帯áĻκƣܶԿڵľ綾ǣǣֻᱻƸҡ
һʼֻҪһأʧҲƬ̡
أҪһأȻǰ£ȻĴ󲿷ʱ䣬ʵֹʱѵʱ䣬Ѷʧʱ䡣
ٴѺǽ¯Ǹϡ˵ƲסԼˣǻӣ߿ɱ

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һ̷ӳ೾ӳ೾ľ١ǺҶ֣ҲųĬˡ
˶ϣӳ೾£Ұﻹ취ͨʲôʽܸı״̬
ʵҲԹٷˣȴûκЧֻؿӳ೾һ첻һ졣
ʵ벻취ˣ涾棬Ǵʦⷽ桭ǷȱɫأԨ֣¶ĵЦݡ
ı飬ԨﷳúܣҵҲû⣡
žžž
֣۾ŵ¯еӳ೾˵ĻȴǶԨԨʦֵˣʲô֮
ԨȻ˻
һУϧ¹תŪֻصΪˡ۾ڷ⣬һǱħѡУ˽Ϊħľħ
Цָŵ¯еӳ೾֪ȥջʲô
Ԩͷһ
˳ħ
˳ħ
ӣж˺ȻУһһߡ
ЦԨڵߣ׻ˣ塣أҪתҪ˵̬ǹڣǵһԱ
ͣһ£ٴ˵ħҪ㹻ǿɡ
ʦ֣һֶ˸֪Բκƾ綾Զȥȴ֪Уʵħ̣ŵ֮Ҳһأħ
죬֮꣬ɱΪħԺ廹ڲڣ޹ؽҪ
ɵħȫܶҲܿԭǷдħļֵ
ħ˻ħḶ́ҪѪ֮ġ
˻õܻΪħ֮꣡



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Ż쵤¯еӳ೾ԨЩơ
Ҳû뵽ʦ־ȻΪħʴȻմȾа̫࣬սΪħ
ǰԼУתɹ֮ͱڵ˽ߡ
ӶΪڵĺһԱ
ʦֻصֽţԼܿ˽ѣ˹ڵĲãʹԼܹػ
ʦأ
ݺһ춾ֻκĬĬԽԽ
ʦ֣ûԼôˣû˾Ծʱѡ
ۿţʦ־Ҫ˻ħԨΪζ
ӵˣϸаҲǰû
ħǵȻ֪ģȻ˻ħ˵Ǵδûġ
صĹڣȫȻ֪ûһͷ
ԨҲǵⷶ룬Ǿﲻѡ
ʱһԣԨʱ赭дؼ򵥽һԨͻȻԴ䣬Ҳ³
ǣԨıԡ
û´еһֶһҩˡҩĴڣ벻ħȥҩԡĻڵĶñɾˡ
䲻ǵħսҲ㹻ˣûԶʱڵмء
򡣬Ϊ峤ϾʱҲᷭһ
ʦ״̬֮Դĳħ֮·ѵһ˵ʵ״̬ħֻʱ⣬ҪŤתǬع壬ҾԪҲ
źҡͷԥһ£ֵ߻֮Դ壬ҽƴһһ߹Ǿܵ壬Ǭ½ĸ۹ȻͻγѣŪħ
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Ϊħ
١ǺҶȡ
̻ͨķӣšħ֣Ŀ˵ɫüΪѿǰӳ೾ŪǬ½κε۹ħȷ𣿡
ħ
ԨԺļ䣬ҲⷽĹ˸Ҳ֣һ
ô˵ɡ
ȵ˵ͷ϶ոյ˵û⣬ϸͣҲ˵ԭֻܸǣ߿Ϊ֮Դһķ˵۹֡ͻᡭȻγħߡ
ɢݳģֻ춾춾ɢ˺С߽ѸٸΪݹǡ֮꣬ħͷ
ħͷûǣûǿĿܣʤһࡣ
ӳ೾ħǧƵħͷȫƿŰءҲܣûȵԼ
һ˵۹Ҫ˻ħͷͳħħͷһᣬǧأ
ɷħеɷħж٣ŲΪʱɱѿֲǧħͷӳ೾ħ֮ͳǳ桭
˵򡶼Щ
֮ûĴã;ܸɾسħ⣬߱üΣյ壬ҲҪ
ӺȻɫҲأԨħڿ£ұ᳤
Ӻ١ǡҶˣ˵ġħŵˣһҪ̻ᣬ͵ر

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벻Ҫô
Ϊӳ೾룬һУҲϣӳ೾ܰȻ
Ȼļʶӳ೾ȻûˣΪħֻʱ⡣
ǾߣѱΪ֮Դпħ
򡣬ҲԸ⿴ӳ೾ɱΪħͳǧħͷ
Ҳûκˣ뿴һĻجΰĳڵʱ
صأԶʱ㣬ļΡħħͷҲʮҡ
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ʱգ˺ݵǿȺǬ½ĸ۹˵һħγɣǧħͷģɢضѼ
ԨȵȱŸ֪̻ᡣ
ӿ˿ͷһʱ䣬㳢һ
ѡ
ҡҡͷԲ̫Ϊӳ೾ָ
ΪصУҲûصļء
һҪħɹ࣬ûָܻѣٴγ˵
ߵԪ
Դּħɹһ࣬Ƶķʽɾ
һҪո˵ˣܳɹתܹڴߣİ
ڳ١ǣԨ񣬿ధ
䣬Ҳֻ㣬ϣȻӸߺ
Ԩ꣬Ԩ裬һֽݵϿɡ
㲱ϵģ
Ԩָ侲֪࣬зӵĳŵľǸʲôȥʦֵ⡣
ӣԭٶ֣񲱾ŧˮ˵Ҳʦֶ𡭡
ҺӴ࣬¯ǵÿһεĺϣҸ𡣾ö֮ڲ֪䣬ҲմȾЩǾ綾Ӳһʵʵصʵ
أ⣬߾綾ԡֻǱ
֪ģҵ㣬پ綾඾棬ݣжҲҲû£

ӵ˿ԨĿ⣬ֱ
Դסˡ
Ԩͷأöӱ죬ĿϣȴӶ֣ʲôմȾۻ綾
ȻҪͷѪͻ֪ʱκȻһ
رĪ⣬Щ롭
һĻĻ䣬棬ˮ֮ӿ
Һ񡭡ͷŽ£૵Һ档
ɫȻ֪˵ʲô˿̵ıеŹ֡
֪ķӺ򡣬ôһ˵

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Ϊһٴ˵ǹ󣬹׹ǣԬͻطԳĬҲĻ
ն̨Ԩףζˡ
ǰνĹ䣬Ԭ棬еħʼ֮һĻطĹں͵ħǿߣƺȫɱ
һаħ뢣°ܽ
Щˣƫƫ֪վǰģնߵĴˣ߹ʺõ˶
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һȻԽУԺУ꣬ԨǽطɸҺȥһս
ħܵӰģħʼطĽʱ
Ĭr㡭ʲô̬ȣ
طӣеɫħȼ
ѸоɷħеĺƼɷħҲʴţѻᡣ
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ɰ׹˹񣬶ǰ֮أֻ׹սǿᣡ
ԣ׹ǼԬ̣Ҳǡȷء
ֻ׹ԸⲻԸ⣬Ƿ򿪣׹벻һ̣֮ѹ
Ԭô̵࣬ô࣬׹ǳ׾ѣ
ǡ
֣׹ǵ˼޷ȣԶ͸׹һ
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˻һǰ׹ǣ˵Ĭr˵ЩҵЩ£ҾϤҲȤ˽
׹ŻظӦһĽ磬ǻڲʼն̨
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Ҫ࿴ԡ
׹ǿŵһָֻ֣ͷֵļİɫĵ⣬ڷŵָ⣬С

׹ǻָԬＤǻν磬˺
ĳ֣ƿ˽ԨĻǻͨ
Ҳڴ˿̣ԨǾվڻ쵤¯ԱߣѪͻȥ̽춾Ӳۻı壬͵һ
Ҹо
ն̨ͷԨϷ૵ҸоҺ档



һǧİʮ ̬
ԨͱͻȻʼӡ
򡡢ѩһҩڽУ֪ġתܣڶ࣬˲䱻ն̨е֪
֪ڲҪһ롣
ݼҵҲǹڵİţԬ˵ˡ
һߣıҲ֪ħףǹһԱױѹںаϭѡ
֪ˣаϭʹ˿̵İ׹ǣʾǹϹڵĬr
һ˺ƣħڵħʼĻط
ط뵽һֿǣͼ˿ն̨ûλԪħȴڹؼʱ̱ڵĺԶƻ
񣬺ͱʶ֮ͨ£ڵ¯ǰҲ֪ˣʴʦӳ೾֮ͻطǰŵ߲ʺͬԴ
˿̣ɷħеڶɷħҲ߲ʺĺˮʴš
ĸоʦӳ೾ڵ״̬ЩɷħҪ
Ϊʦ˶ħĹʹȾĳ̶ȣԶеɷħ
߲ʺˮסɷħƺ׵㣬ʦӳ೾Ѱ졣
ǣΪ׹ǵĳ֣ͱָܻͨ
׹ǣȻǹڵ֮һΪҪô
ԨԨ
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ԣԨ˵ͷһлطĵħʼ棬ɷħǿɷħɷħأλɷħأΪ˽׳ɴħȫһλڡ
λʱ׳ԪߣǺƵİ¡
·磬һ߲ʺλãƺħΪӡ

ԨѸ˵µľơ
ҩڵλ䣬֮סˣѹû뵽ԨȻǷͷжն̨һ뵽µ硣
λһ˵ķԭΪħʴűڸ̾ϢһΪߵ죬¶꣬Ҳ֪Եɡһλħʼ棬Ԥıǰ֣Ȼô¡
ǵһʶħޡħʱū۵ĵħҲô
ԶΪڵƵԪߣȻˡ
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λԪĵɾڣøǿӶǸѹ
ÿһλͻԪ
˵ʱ鲻ˣһսǳստʱħ͹ƺΪǿơȻҲ
һķ򣬽ɫͫĹâȴû϶˵
վǱߣһӵָǣ̫Ĳ
ħ͹ڣڣȻʼԪʹħ񱬳˸ҺǽаΪܹͬһʱ䣬׷ӿֳԪʹħǸգо꣬ҲҲ𰸡
֮ǷսģЩȻڡڣеħķȥԿǣΪҲðǣ⣬ߣֵķǳͻȻ
ͻȻûӦȻҲûܼʱӦԡ
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ħ͹ڳʱħԪ񣬲νǿγɡ

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ħЩνڣǱޣûıһϯ߶ͣ
򡽲ǶȺ¹Ļֺս
Ԩı޷Խӣ˵ÿһ仰ÿһ֣ܴݸ
ǣͻȻʶ׹ǣлط֮ģں͵ħʼ棬ĹУ֮֡
ǣԼֱӺɱ
˵ƺǵԼӹں͵ħ㣬Ժɱǣڳϯλںħӿֳߡ
ǹں͵ħĳ䣬ħǿߡ
ս𣬹ں͵ħȡ˵Ƕߣڵħ۷ߣҲ֡
ת۵㣬ƺڡں͵ħĳһͻȻӿ֡
ڣں͵ħûԪʹħðͷƾ壬ȻҺ˺
򡣬ҲûŪףΪڡں͵ħͬһʱ׷ͻȻ֡
һرһ磬ԨҲΪ
ĸоУǸʱݵ䲻ڣҲΪܵ
ȫʢʱλļޣǲǲӿָ
ǣʹ˳棬Ҳûµǿߣܴﵽͻʮ׵Ĳ档
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ǸʱǷȱƺȫˣˣܳΪߵĴڡ
壬ħǸʱǿߣһʼûҵͻռķ
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Ȼ󣬱ͲˣڡӿԪõħдħ֡
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ħ֮Ĺڴ˿̣ԨԺͻȻˣ·ȷؿˣǶβս۵ľ
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׹ɫĮԻطʣΪ
ԬУݳıˣͷȻһ̾
ڶ˵𾴣ȥ׹ǣȥʡ
ط⻰뵽£Ҳе
ԨȻֽʱִն̨λļ̳ߣһȷš
׹ǽ⿪ˣϻն̨γɵĽҲѽܡ
棬ʦӳ೾ҩڵĵǸӣλֱʣ㣬һֵģ
Ԩû׹ǣҲȥ׹ǵʲô䣬ȿطԬ
ΣΣ
طӰ׹ǶûеõҪĻӦһӵķûйֻһԨն̨ڣ̬ԼˣҲ޷ܡ
ԬĬrһʱᣬǻع顣Ȼˣֻϣܾ䣬ٶ࿴
Ϊħ͹ڣ˶£ͳʲôʢ
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Ԭ֪طҪˣֻ۰ͰͿһ۰׹ǣȰĻҲ˵ˡ
Ψ׹ҪôҪôһֱԹۡ
ֻҪ׹Ǳ֣ڴ˵ذԨʲôܽܡ
㿴Ҵˬһħʼ棬Ҳ˺ܾˣ
ԨЦҾĵأ㾭Ӫ߲ʺνĵħ棬ܸҴʲôϲ

ն̨̨أϼŤʱյܱ˲γͨӡ
ͨγɵǣն̨еü΢塣
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һԨ˿ռ䣬ϷĲκͷӵƤӵʧն̨̨档
彵٣Х˲ʶ
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һǧİʮ Ϊ
Ԩն̨
žͣ
ִһն̨ڲСأаصĵ򱻴ڶͻȻܼ֡
ֻǣ˸޴Ӹ֪
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űĹںϣټϡڵ֮أն̨ѹأ
ǣصͻȻȼѣ
Ԩ˫Уʱҫ˲ֱӵ⣬ЦݣҲ˲ࡣ
ޱظܳСأͻȻֵĹ磬ҪȥԼƵģǳ֮صй
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һǿţʱӿͷʶԬν׹ħʼطĵħ࣬ʵȫն̨
ڴ˵аħ׹͵ħ涯δؾֵˡ
Ψһ⣬̬Ȳİ׹ǡ
׹ǳ֮Ҳն̨ԼΪ˵Ԩ޷ͨն̨ܵ԰׹ǵѹơ
ͬΪ𼶱İ׹ǣ˴ƣһ޶
ˣ
ɷħдɫеԨ
ԨᣬǱֱԬҪ̬
Ԭһ㶡
ɷħԨ彵ʱ֪ͨ˼롭
ϵأ⿪һзǿɷħɱıӨУΪһطƥıС
˱УӡżľУڴ󶦵ıػһȦ

񲯱˺죬Ǵ󶦵ıشǧԭȲԵĻ˿ߣȻðͱıи
ԬɳģɷħĻ˿ߣ׷׶ѡ
ڵ棬ܵĵĴʹò֡
ۿɷħʧȥƿأһҡſצ֣һ߳˿
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ֻһŮҲҶָֻţֺ
ԬҲŭͫȻҰɫŷ·ûӦеУֻʣնľǡ
һˣʹ˿̵ֻҪһۣƺͻᱻ꣬ƿء
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𣬳Ԭʱŷݰ㣬Ʈҡ󷽵Щ׹
ԨͻȻʶľżʽҪôаϭʶΪҪôԬĵأƶɵġ
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ԨʶеϾϣУŤӰһɫħꡣ
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ԨԼʶСأͻȻ޵׳

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ûĹ飬صĴ֣ɫħС
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Ԩն̨ն𣬽ӹģɺɵķС
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ȽѵģȻƼףƵħ࣬ԭ׺ĸ߽ɷħ
Դն̨ģͷ߲Ϣһɷħʹڴ
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캣ȻҲڵС
ͬǣðͷĶ캣Ȼָǡ
һԨŵĻɢٹ̵Ŀ־壬ԸӽԸԬķԸԨ֡

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ĺͻߣ֯صķ䣬ȻӰԨ
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Ϊ֮һԨк󣬻ͷطܸȡ㹻ʱ䣬ɱʧ



һǧİʮ 
ĻֵС
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쵤¯ڵӳ೾бѣͷ­ײ¯ǣҪӵ¯ڳ
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㰴ס¯ǵġ
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䣡
ӱ¯ϣͻȻӿĽɣԸ⻹ǲԸ⣬ֻܱ뿪
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Ͻڲκȥͺݵ̻ϵ

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꣬˴˻ͨ໥ںϼ䣬ԶкͶصĲ֡
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ͱڶഥָסѸٵûͷ



һǧİʮ ˭˭
ͱУһഥûӰԡ
ɷħУЩɷħϵҲڱݴʱ޷񴫻ɷħս
ݣݣ
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УҲ߲ʺˮ
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Ϊ˿ԨǻҪȫħִִ롣
ֱìĴ֣Ԩϵһ̣󲿷û߲ʺħ֣ڴݿҧĹ
Ԭ֪ħַˣֹ׹Ķһ١
ãħֻΪָʹ׹ȥʳ
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ӽħͷĻꡢٻӲͣ¡
Ԭ޷󣬴ӵѪ⾫ܡ
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طȻɫ𣿡
ӷ׵ħ֣뿪߲ʺԺڶ̶ʱڣŴ߲ʺԨѾԵûôӷˡ
ţø࡭

ԭֱì㣬ԨҪĴֱ֣ûڷض·ȼš
ƣħƴأҪһջء
ȴôҲû취
ѸٵؽӽԨڶħʶڿ־ڰŻطİ
ĸоУԨ޵׶޵׶Уֶ׷а顣
Ща飬߬Ĵ֣
еһУԨڡ
¼ˡ



һǧİʮ 
Ԩɫƽ
Сŵӷħ֣ؿڿʱԬͻط
λаħ뢣ò󲿷ֵעԨħֵľϡ
ΪǰһĻ棬ɵĳʵ̫ˡ
ţҲȷʵ̫˾㤣˵Ĺ졣
꣡
ûڻ崥еħֵȥֿԨûӶķУжһ֡


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ƺѪ⾫ܣħĹǺҲԨĲˡ
ܿ죬㵽Ԩؿڲλ
ʱѷغȣСֻʣȭͷԵú֡
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ν룬֮ǰΪ糤ìڶഥ֡
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ҸоĵмĵħҪˡطҸ㹻ʱ䣬ҲᣬҪúðհ
ݣ
ǰն̨ģڶ߲СΧԨȻ衣



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Ԩͫأ·Ҳвϼ֡
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Ϊʲôң
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Ҳã߲ɷħγɲףˣǸȻЦɡ



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֪ʲôľģɵĹƣŰڿУȻľƣĻߣ͸ĳء
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ϵõĬrҲֻϵĬr֪Ĭrϵ£ڼԺ󣬲ȥк
ͻȻֵ࣬еѪ겻ͬȫԺǻۡ
Ǳǿܷ֮س֣ԨǸоˣûѪ꣬żʱ
ľĹеŵħǷʮĻԨͬ
㵱ҵĴǼٵģ
ٴοڵģԨն̨ı塣

ն̨Ưƹͱһվ棬ı˵λȷʵҪôǹĻ飬Ҫôħ񼶱ĵħʮ㣬ٴγɳ׳Ŀռ䣬Ҳܾϲ
ϲ㾪ϲʲôɺֽС
͵Ƚ׵ɷħңǿɷħȴҪԵǴ󶦣Ŀǰȱ͵Ƚ׵ɷħȱλġԨ˵
ǰɷħǹϺʱĵħ㹻ǿ
һ󶦣ӡڴ󶦵ĺۼŤǵԣūΪԼá
˶ܷطУǿɷħƷף
ǰλڽǼƷԨʾ⡣
Ҫɷħұ˶ūһʱҪУһѩǰܣطȡ
Ԭ
á
Ԭ˵ͷ׹ûֹǼҺڵа䣬ȥϻطħ
Ц󡣡
Ԩָ֮Ǹɺ죬ֿ죬Բɵ˵ҹ
ɺе꣬Ҫ䣬;쳣
ɺ죬Ļǣ类ľץס͵طԨ



һǧİʮ һһ
ɺѪ죬ðһԨӦѪ̡
е꣬طİõôһ졣
Ȼ󣬽Ϊµǣ͸ڣѪ̵ѪС
ӶʹãԨִƵѪڹϣвص֮
˵ΪѪε꣬ʱ򣬾һֻѪ档
䣬ʳһͷ˽ĴѪͻȻӵԡ
ǺѪΣܲѪɱĹбѶ
ѪĺѪβл߱ԣرõ
Ϊɷħ󣬺Ѫ˵ѣһǿսʮ㡣
ǻۺͼһأ֪ĺѪΣͻطһߵýһֱϲ
Ҳһ
ΪѪΣѪõѪ̵һ죬ڵľֽԭʼӡɺΪ塣
ֻǣԵģ˴ħ׿˵Ѫɫ飬뵽̳Ҳ֪ûʹѪԨ
ѪʳֻѪԨƤǣ궼ܿɸɾ
ԨΪУȻͱѹƣ

ɺ죬ܺѪοƣڴһûзӦʱѵԨǰ
񣬾Ө͸Ԩһסˡ

ϸ⣬ԨĳʼǸڴ
ԻٿţЩ⻯̵ѪεвȥӡС
ڣѪĳλǿߣѪͻµӡǣʱ䱻۸ĵĿȫǡ
һȻԺѪΣҺɷħͨУѸɡ
Ȼ󣬾ͼɺϣһȦȦѪɫ⻷Ѫɫ⻷һŵɢڽʲô
Ҳʵˡ
ԨһӣǸɺѪ죬ɷħ
׼õǸֳЦݣѪɫ⻷еĺѪΣϵţɾ޷
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ѪΣȷ߱ʸֻҪūӡǣһ㡣
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Եħʼ֮һĻطŮֵĺܴݣڹϵħʱҲ˲õ
Ԭ˵̲֮ǿվطü
ǿվް
ŮӾһٿԨʱĹƣصߣ޽ħġ
ķʽع۲Ԩ۲Ԩı
׷ʬ䣡
ԬͻȻһХֻҺ壬·ҫ͸
һöΣɭɫĹģ˲ڻҺڱ
ɭаֱĺۻຮӻҺڣע뵽˺ϵĵصףѸٽڶʬ塣
ԬŻط˵ͷλħʼ棬Լˡ
طڵɫħȼյӿһЩħ´
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ͷʿ£ǽýĸͷİ׻档
ͷҲ̼䱻İ׻֣أ߶㣬һɭɭĵ⣬Ԩ
ϣһΪʿһӱࡣ
ץŵĶìմԨıһɸõʬζƾս䵽Ԩϡ
ԨѪᵽǹɶĵĸζʱ
Ѫеܣ컯Ҳήҡ
ף
Ԩе㾪棬ûϵļһַʽòӦ
ಣಣ
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Ŀֱָ꣬ն̨ϵԨ
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ɹڣ˲ʬı棬ƫƫа취
ζ
תһ룬ͻȻ֪ͷʿսԼʱŪԼϵִ̱ζΪ޻ʬȷĿꡣ

˲뱾壬Ԩն̨İУӵһȦâ
âѤõˮΪģ˷
âģκε޻ʬ壬ֱӾͱը˻ҰɫĹꡣ
Ĺ꣬ڵգ˶ζ
У㵭ɫʬ׻𣬻ڹ£꼫䲻һմȾŨҲᱻʴһЩ
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Ϊ˶λΪʬ壬嵽ը

ߵħЦţؿצĹ֣Թǣ硣
ž
һ磬ɷħĶڣæԺУȥĳơ
ߵĵħ鶯ħŤԨǰ
ˣԨӳĵâزסԨĲ
һȦһȦߵĵħ۵عֽСҲûط棬Ԭô
ߵսԨĲһڻ
ԨҲͷħķǳɫ޷
ȻʱԨ˵һ仰ǵڶ



һǧİʮ 
رĲκ
̻ͨķӣͻȻİҹգֻһӲӵ°ڰգҫƬ
ϣ޶Ũ޷͸
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ڵʲô
һɫͫΣջӿ

æ󶯸λº

Ҳڴ˿̣͸ˡĻ󡱣ƣ׵ؽڲǰ
綾ϼƺȾˡӰˡ
յ᳤ĴѶһģûʲô⣬ҲΪɱҩڵ
̷ɽɢ׵ġ
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ڣӵһ̳˵֮سĲһ·Ϻݺ˵˵ЦЦϵΪǢ
ʱŮ˽
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Ϊķӣһ͡һͬģȻôλҲһϽڳ᳤ĴѶ
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ҵ
⣬ӵҲ׷߳
Ҫ¯ǣܿһУʹ˲С
ģȻǱ˱֤Ȼкܶ˲ġϾԨն̨ڣغźݵİΣ
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СͻȻŹʣһʥϾҫĹâڵ̳ͷţݺǰ̨յ˼ʮ
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ݺ̨еӰ񣬲ϵطű仯
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һĻĻ棬ϵر䣬ôܿĸ
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Ԩ뿪ն̨Ҳܷ£ħ͵߲ʺ׹䡣
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ŴӺԾͼԨͨһ˺С
طľĹеħӰҺԬһҲסˡ
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Ԩ߲ʺһ̣ܱߵڶħڵ࣬ȫסˡ
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طȻ߲ʺһڣӦս
ΪΣôõĻ᣿
ĵʱԨ۾ͻȻһһ˶ͷУһ巢߲Ӱ

Ԩʱٽӽ
ӽĹУȹ۲Ǿ޴ͷǣȻͷǣϤĺݵʹ
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Ǹţ߲ʹԵȣԵøۡ
ƺ֪Ԩĵһ㲻⣬ǷλͣǴŵЦݣԨ˵ͷ
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ΪԨʶģȣӶûɫ
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ɫ
ҽάһά
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ά
ԨȻһ𣬴ͷųĳâըԱߵĺˮ졣
˺ЦͷҲң

ԨһԼ˲侲еɫȴ˿
άǺǧУ۷ǿߣ
һ壬ʧ꣬䲻峤
˵Уά̽Ԩ춴ʱ·Ҳعİ취ͱԨ춴ĳδ֪صء
˭뵽λȵ峤Ȼںݵĵصףڴǵĺ£
Ԩ˵ȥ¶û˻š
㣬ôģԨȡ
ݵĽڣǿշϵģͨĺԨڣȫԪػҲʹǺӵǿߣѱܿݸķ֪̤롣
ߣһܹҵҪôҪôá
أҲӴ
֪ģҾͨռʮѪݣûоͨռﵽߵԪ񡣡άЦŽͣҰˣࡣǺӣҲֻңͨصķʽ̤ݡ
⻰ܰʮ㡣
Ԩһ£򣬵˵ͷ˵ҼѩҲӴһĵߡ
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ֻ߲ɫͫâ
һֻɫͫɫħӿȼգͻطһޡ
һ̣Ԩʱ֪ˣͻطͬʱģһλħʼ棬άڡ
һ۷壬һħʼ棬ǣλ峤



һǧİʮ һλħʼ棡
άֻɫͫУлȼա
Լ䣬ƼһСɵħӰ
άϢʶʼû
ħһ壬ͻطͬȼĹʼ棬ȡӹȨ
߲ɫŨĻܣάʣĿռڣ
άħʼ桭
Ԩɫء
Ҳڴ˿̣ʶΪʲôԬͻط࣬ô޿ˡ
˰׹ǣ˹ڵĬrпܱǻ⣬Ϊά
άһ̣
Ϊһ峤ʮѪ۷սʿάͨռأ߱ƿռݣʱӺ
άոǷԵĻ·ڸԨ뿪ݡ
ԨҲţάݵصһ±¶ҲںݵߴڣûӦǰȥ
磬ҲʮѪҾͨռά߱
˵άԵôݣôĵȻ
ԨĸоУһλħʼ棬άĹϵӦǹ
ڣ֮ǰŮʺศɡ
άڵģλħʼ棬ĿǰͻطһҲֻħ񼶱𣬻ûͻƵߡ
ΪеĶάҪȻطǿ
Ϊܽάܹά壬ӳԽħսֱ붯ά֣
ҽЋlӰ
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άֻɫͫһ京ŵĻ
УԳǋlӰħ꣬Ůӣ
lӰ
Ԩü΢
Ĭrһ㣬ֵǣϤУ֪ļڣźʹ˵ħʼصĲ֡
ˣ
طΪɷħԭ򣬶ƫҵûҺܸлΪǵħΪһС
lӰάӣĳֹϵǣԨǷл
㣬Ĭrɲ˹񡣲㣬طңԶûϣٴλָħ񼶵
ԨٺһЦû̬
룬֪ǵħһ壬ڣӸ߸ϵĵطԶֻڵص˾ң֪θ롣
Ȼ㣬ѾΪô࣬Ϊβأǿ鱻϶Ϊһն̨ܹڴˣĳ裬ܱϴˢ١
ӽҲûʲôǵͷԼǵǿʢˡ
һħʼlӰ߰˷ܡ
ԨȻ̧ͷ
߲ʰ쵵ĺ棬˿ռ棬ͻȻããǺӡ
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ˣ
ն̨ϷΪᵽ˲
ط΢ЦȰڰ֣ʾ˾ͱһˡ
һһߣһЦ˵ҵһ̣Ѿ̫ˡ꣬ūңұΪ˵ħһʼ棡㣬ֻŮ㣬ūһط
澣
طȻವһڶڳ֡
䣡
ڣйһ߲ʹѤٲǺӣӶڳ
طֹľĹеŵħ֣ҲʾԬ֣Լ߲ʹִﶦڡ

Ǿ壬罦ϼ⣬űӨеڶޱϤСս
ڶɷħתеħͷĻ꣬һô͡
ЩɷħӰĵ
ûλɷħЭûڵԨ֧֣ƾ㣿ҲһطҫطЦ
ͷʿŶìںĸ߿գ͸˸֮顣
ƺоˣò˵֧֣ȫͻطȥ¾սעܡ
ܣζͻطߵݡ
طΪΪū
󶦣ҲطУΪ߳ǿյ
ˡ
ͬħֻҺѶʹԬ뿪ŵľĹԣԨףӦܲ˰ɣ
ĹڣŵħӰЦŵͷȻϾlӰǵĵơ
lӰ
ûڵİ׹ǣֺ󣬵ƻʲô
ԬľĹеħӰ뿴
Уڴڴࡣ
ൽһ̶ȣ򿪻ҲĬrɹڵĴ䣡
طԬô࣬Ϲļ䣬ҲΪ˴Ŀġ
ЋlӰټĬrں͵ħһ壬ֽĺݴ磬Ҳռһϯ֮أ
ͬʱ
رϵ̷ɽǳȪͨ˰죬ûмԨ߲ʺðɫء
ֹ˰Σ̷ɽͻȻԨСӣһǴ󵨼һοײˡ
̷˼Ȫѯʡ
ȥһ̽ɡ
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һһͣòǰˣ͵ˡ
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УֻǲֵһСɫ
ǰأûȤصһ̽
̷ɽĿ⣬͸˴ţ˲е򡣬ͬеĻҾûһ㡣ȻҲãҲãûʸġֻ飬ջǿԼûȤˡ
ȪҲڴؿ
λںֻҲԨĻع飬Ԫ֮µ۷塣
СӣķϣҾһˡ
ٺһЦ¯ǵָֻ֣һߡ
߲ŵ¯õ¯˲СʮС¯ӡ
С¯ӣӲ̷߳ɽ˵ͷ߰ɡ
š̷ɽȻ



һǧİʮ ӭս
߲ʺײ
ԳƋlӰĵħʼ棬ά֮󣬾ͷ
Ԩն̨ɷħӶߡ
άֻ߲ɫͫºرΪɫǾԿݵ·ҲӦر仯
øΪ鶯ɸʺϋlӰս̬
ԨҲͫж߲ɫ֪ȵ峤ҵǲȫˡ
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ǣǰ֮άͲάǵħlӰ
ϵĵħʼ֮һȡάά֮Լ¡
ңܶάѪܡ
ʮ۷Ѫάͨռ壬lӰֻǶò֣ҲѲ
ս
lӰһЦͼһãҳõѪ
ԨĺһСռ䣬ˮ·˲仯Ǧˮ˵Ųˣһָͷܡ
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ˣᵽΣϢܵ˰صա
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Щаħ뢣Ű׹ǵ񣬷ǳĲԾ
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˵ĸоڵĹ켣ɴ˷磬뵽ͬδ֪ء
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Ҹоܺãǰδеĺá
ӳ೾ЦЦϵʹ֮ɫʧɾ
Ԩ˲䣬Ʒ˵¯¯ǣ˰Уˣû뵽ǻַʽڵħ͹е



һǧİʮ ѵʦ
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ӳ೾񣬿żеԨǷЦ⣬ζ
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ɫ۵͸Ϣ΢ʱѲ
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ԭʦ֣Գƺ͹Ű壬ҲΪϿ
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ԨͻȻӲͣӿͷȴ˵һ仰
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ӳ೾°ͣһ㲻ңlӰȻҵԨ춴άά˺ݡ
⣬ӳ೾䣬ĳ̶ܴ

һҫİУͻȻ䣬ԬطĹ
ɳĿռУſռиλаħ뢱ɫɢʱ׷ȥǳlӰ

ҫİУ߲ʺˮΪһ顣
߲ʶѤõĺˮǶ鱻пȻֱףں׶ĺۼ
ǣ
lӰٴδάɫ۾ҲЩˡ



һǧİʮ ħ֮جΣ
ԬطľĹеħӰ߲ʺıء
ۿţɫĺˮи󣬻һ飬׷ָlӰ
޷άͨҲȥ˵άʲôֻܹڋlӰͷϡ
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άҲڻͨѯάʲô
ҲΡ
ǸѡҪħˣҵĸоеŹ֡
ά˻Ӧ

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УǽӲӵۼ֮ϣͺݵıײ
Ĵɽ
һϸܵĿռѷ죬Ҳλóγɡ
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ռѷ죬ǲܳѣܻһơ
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̷ɽ٣άԲ׽ԭεš
ҲͻȻ䣬ʧȥ̷ɽĹ켣ܽʶչ̷ɽһؾ·ߡ
ѾѪŴ˷صĳȪҲ·õĳİܹȻĿռš
άоģǺĴ򣬶˵ӡ
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ҩӳ೾ʲô⣿
ŋlӰɫͫȻעӳ೾ĵħҪҫӳ೾ꡣ

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İͫһž޴ӰлӿڶħӰ
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lӰ̶ħҪ˺˶Ĥ㣬쳹ڴ˷ء
߲ʺУεڸħͷħʱԸ⻹ǲԸ⣬ȵس

еĳȪЦһһξѪעѵľ
ĿĹҫһСħͷ·ʥİɫĻȼգѸٻ̺ͻҽ
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κ磬صķأںϴʱһһˡ
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ǣǹʹǱӳ೾ˣ
ȻıӵħȺֶҪħļһ롱˲κ
Уƣù



һǧİʮ һ
ڵħûħ񣬹ںûӿ֣廹ʱ
׺ݣ
ʱ֮Ųκеµ硣
ƲϼŨ֮أΪԼ˽أͨĹ壬ۻ
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Ͼʱԡڵħʥء߲ʺ
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ԣط͋lӰ뷽跨أԾ綾ۻѾ˼Ūκ
ڴţħһ̣ڴšۻ֮Դĵ
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ҡҡͷ֮ǣ̫ˡ
ûնΪһؽصģͷ߲ȻܳĵܼԦռʱ֮
Ϊ˵ӳ೾еĲǹŻڵĶҲûԨǱ죬ԡ̳ʹħѪɫ飬ۺϸ徫Ѫ͡
ӳ೾壬õ߲ʺϴӣɻǲʵ
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̷˶ˣںԺ˹
վںϵĬrԿŵֻ֣ᰴԬͷº͵˵ˡ
Ԭū࣬һ㲻ࡣūζôһ죬үܻ
ǰĬrүĬrߣΪŸ˳ƺ
ĳƺΪҲ˹ڣ˵ȼɭϵһԱ
˿̣Ϊ̫Ĭrǵľֹܵĳ̫ˣѿڶˡү
Ҳ˲˻
һүĬrҲƬʧ񣬻˻ṳ̂·ǰԬæǰæ󣬶̷
ȥˣ֪˭֪ǻʱ򡭡
ôһˣһֱЧһֱھľأϧһδεֻѡ
˷ǵʱе鶼ˣ˵ĳĴδ䡣
죬ڵȵĻع顣
ĬrǸпһͷһֽԬ
ȻԬ۾һһٵ˵һ̿ʼǹزأںݡ
һǡԼݣǹڵ䡣
ˣĬr
ͻȻ񷣬ڵر磬Ҳǹڵһϯ֮أ
أر磿
ԬʱڲȻý
ˣ
ڵĲдߣˣֻҹӰİ±¶Ժ󣬻ᱻĨɱ
Σڿţɵ죡
ܹأˣԬǹڵһԱ
ݴ磬ܰͳΣǹڳࡣҲࡣ˵仰ʱĬrһԨٴοڣԭ͸ǵĶǸù黹ҫбǵλ
Ĭr
Ĭr
ħһĻطľĹеħӰҲȻ
ĬrⷬҲħѪڣҲ
Ͼħ͹Ǽʵѡ
ĬrlӰأΪβlӰĹڵħӰͻȻе
lӰ
մĳȪдһ̷ɽ򡡢ԬĿ⣬˲ֶۼ
lӰȥȡά壬ѡ֣ͻ˹ءĬrɫĮά̤ݴ磬ҲøӦеĴۡ
ԣά
Ǿ仰Ƕ˵ġ
֪䣬ڱⷽŨۻܣɢ˿
Ԩһ̧ͷ·𿴵һ͵ľӣȻʧ
챦
Ԩ֪ܵעĵ磬ʱ䱻Ĭrڱں̻ᣬԪҲڵִ䡣
ʦӳ೾һĻ󣬻Щû˵ʹҴ뿪
ӦǸоߴڴƿĬrڱεܣҪǿпһˡ
ά
άˣ
˷ҴߣִŹ챦氲ڲͬĵطĬrĸ֣һ׻
άȵ峤ԣʧԨ춴УȻ棡
壬氲ͻȻ
Գǰẓ́˿ǿף۾ðҲǺоǾ
Ҳš
Գҡͷð죬űôһ仰
ţάڵص׵磬Ǹá
ȷǣš氲ü
Ԩҵλأ
һάˣ˲仯ΪˣɲǵԨԣеغȵάҲģûкάͬھɣ
ͨĺʦ֣ȥԨӳ೾뿪ǰԼչĻ鸴ӵ˵ǰ뿪ȥǿգѵôɡ
㣬ҿ̷֤ɽ廰



һǧİٰʮ Ĭrĵ
ʦӳ೾ȻԶʱڵʱ֮Ժ뿪Ҳǲѡ
ȻĬrһ
Ĭrǹڵ֮һںڡ壬ԭһӪһս
ĬrڵĸҲǸ֮١
ԣĬrǹڣԶʱڶû˵ڡ
ΪǿߣΪ·ڳϯλ
ô͹壬Ƿ˹ںĬr
ӳ೾ǰȴͷͨʱհ߲
սЩ꣬ͷ߲̫̫ࡣ
ϴǿߣڵһЩμߣɱһ֡
ɹϢһ֪ʲô
ǹемܱԣûִԪڴ˿̵ĺݣȷʵ̫ðˡ
ǺӣԣȷǸõѡ
ܳûάʬάдľѪ̽άٲռǺӡ
棬ôƲң
Ϊ˵򡣬վԨԣԵЩʧ˸С
Ϊʱ֮ˡ
ڵ֪ӳ೾Ȼʱ֮һ̣ͿʼʢĵźܿͻһͷѤöʵء
û뵽һ㱺ûŪʲôʱ֮ѹ
治Ʋ㣬ǡΪãҲΪá
ԨȻͶϤʦֵļʦֵ뿪ʵҲΪ˸壬ȡĿռ䡣
ЩһڻûǰٴܻԵĴ
򡣬͵µ壬Զ֮
ǲݱݣɱڣڡħ͹壬ֽߵսѺͼҾ졣
ԣ廹ܴ
ȻһֱȽϱʼձѹƵķʽ
٣һֱţûб
ûϣ
񣬴˷ضķˣԺ壬ڿ⣬ն̨ڣһͷ̩̹ޣ
ʦǿˣ弴ĿܣԲŹ뿪
Ϊʱ֮ʦ֣Ժںݣ֪Ժ󣬱ȻͶ̫Ĺע鷳
˶¶ն̨ڣŵǸܡ
Ψ뿪壬ӭȫδϣ
Ĭr
طľĹڵŵħۼĬrԬԡ
λϵħ֪άˣlӰҲ֪ٺֻȥ
ΪΪ֮һĬr
ңһܣޱȼĵĻ棡
Ըҵģ
ɫĮĬrųͲ״ĻŻطǸϤĹϵħ
ߣﵽûлִܵ񣬶ˡԣ֪Ŀ֪ǵħһ壬úȥδӣ
̬òĹħ꣬Ϊʾ𾴣Ĺڷɳ
վĹأĬrɫϿҡ
lӰάʬһͷ߲⡣lӰҲ֪ҲﲻæѡάΪ飬ʲô³ȡԹñˡĬrϱ̬ȡ
һۺ˵Ԩ
λϵĵħԬʼŪףΪʲôԨ
ףΪն̨˵ԨΪûĬrɱ
ĬrԨԬλħɫɭ

ĬrָԨȵڣ̻ͨύ档ǹڣںٵλΪǻָҫǣǺݵʿ
ⷬĬrĿڳ˵ȡ
ֻǡ

Ԩ
ԬˣгȪ̷ɽĬrⷬ𾪡
Ԩô
УʱӦģ
˲⡣
ΪԨʹִն̨ҲֻڵС
һδɵ˶ôڵͬ⣿
һĿע£ԨͷȻһǱ߹ͨ
𣿡
Ԭɡ
⣬Ĭrûлش𣬶ǶԻطĹϵĵħ˵ģڵµ磬ĵصȴ
ȴʲôطãȻ
ȴµϯλճԼƾĬrƽҳŵ
񷣬·˵氲˵ݵһЩ
κγԺݵģﵽϯλߣԽصףɱħ̤ߣĬr֮Уݡ
Ĭr
׹ǣȻǸһ
氲ͻһ
ͨϾµ氲л񣬶ĬrȻİ
һһԳ׹ԳĬrתһ󣬾⡭
ԭˡ
̾һ˵ͷֽݵ˵ʵǷǵġĬrҪǲ֡
ִƿ־֮غ磬Դͷ֧֣ȷʵĵ氲Ҳʾͬ
ˣ֪ڵĬrжôǿ
ңĬrƺոɱά
Ծڴˡȥо񡣡
仰ĬrٴοԨ˵Ҫؿ־֮أά꣬ѰԨ춴صܡ룬ֹңݵĸߣҲŪά̽Ԩ
ټʱǳ¡
ĬrŵĻһԬԬȻʧ

һ̣ͨԴͷӴ˷磬ֱ־֮ء



һǧİٰʮ 
ĬrԬ˵߾ߣ˲ع־֮ء
طλվĹϵĹϵħԬ뿪άЋlӰĲ֪٣ãȻʧ롣
ӣһʱᣬԾ
̷ɽȪʱʼԲĿ⣬λħϻơ
ĳû֮
ûάûԬĬrǺɱǰħɹʼߡ
ûĬr뿪ǰĻ
Ԩбһۡ
ûߣҾڵصףҶֲΥ档̷ɽɭȻһЦ
ɱǣطŭ
ˣ
ڶڣҲߺһĻ
ҲģԨն̨طٴɷħλǿɷħԺѹ
ţȫ£ն̨ǡԨУȻд
ˡ
Ԩҡͷܾ
ʱշһ̣Ĭr֪ͨԶʱһºնɱċlӰط죬ʵͦԩġ
Ĭrǰֱڵħ壬ûħ֮ǰչ˵ħ̬ȡ
Ȼˣ͸ֿһ档
ߡ
һõն̨ʱ˳طѨ
Ԩüչȷն̨ȷˣȻĽϣô
ˣһ仰
ӶڸûɫĻطʧȥͷ­ֻһʿأ㻹һս𣿡
ͷʿ꣬һӿ󣬲ɿ˻ط
طһ
ʿԥһ£˵ѻָͲ붦ˡ㵱ôңôңһҽ붦ڣȻᱻūӡ
طҵңңһֱڣûֶζԴҡ
ԡ
ܾ롣
˰ˣףˡ
ҲûǿֻǸеЩźⷬ˵ͼԦɷħԨӰ
棬طĹڵŵħҲֻĿһ뿪
ʧȥάԺĬrҲǰ̬ˣԬͬҲˣƾյвԨˡ
ǿпսĻֻȡ衣
ңΨһŪ׵ǣĬrôǸԨСӣƬ̵ʧ񣬷̫£Ҳʱ֮ռ壬ʱ䡢ռ侲ֹˡĬrӦӴ˷ģ
طԨ˵Ӱʱе
ҲҾ֮
Ĺϵλϵħ񷣬૵Ҷ֪ĬrǺεȵĸ߰εȵദǸʱϿɵˣָ԰׹ǵݣΪ֮ģصˣҲôһԨ
Ԭ˵Ԩѡˣѵ˵ִն̨ԨǹڵһԱˣ
ԨĬrİ£뵽ڲ
̬ŵĹϵħط
ط̸ðû
̲סѯʻط̬ȺͿʱλħʼ棬Ʋ˵ĬrûôĻӣ̫ˡ
ʣʲô߼ŮӰĵħߵ
ԨˣλĴߡĬrﻹϿλλɱҺ͋lӰ죬Ȼ鲻ϣȴǺϵġطɫڵɫħӿǼһһˣ
ҲΪǵӦõģŮԵħ
ϻֻãԼҲӦõģΪ˴ĿģĬrԱ˺ܣԼҲһݣ

̷ɽȪͻƵ񷲻ãâȻһ
Ԩ㷢̷֣ɽˣһۣȴʼָϷĵص
ᵽ˳ʪģڲκζ
ն̨ѨУȻܶеҰһ󣬾ͷƵͨϷ
ƺǣԶʱڣٳġ
ٵʲô
ʶڣͻȻն̨ƽʬڡ
ն̨ڲСأһͷ޴ĻƽնΪء
ףڷ룬ĽؽӲʬɢڶϱĽǣĽɫңԶ
һӲӵѪϪӣĽʬڡ
ףһ죬ڽɫѪγɵѪ
յϣǸɫͷʬǡ
һĻ½أνӴն̨ʱۿ
һεִȿ״ǡ
ɫǣ͸ŴķһϤУ֪ӳ೾߲ʺóԭҪԼġ
ȷţɫǻˣһ
Ȼע⵽ն̨ںϣصĴڣڱ𴦵ǿϽɫȻ˵أ
Ͻɫһͨ׵ϪУǺճѪϡ
ͣ
ĽɫͷƽĽʬǱնϵͷͷɫڣϽɫǿг롣
׷׷뵽ڣͷС̩̹ȫǷȱѪ
ҵĺʦ֣ѹҡ
ԨѲδ˷ɫı飬ù
һӵ̩̹ޣ˿̵ٶȣԼӿһأ
ĵöĸо
˵ʲô
̩̹ޣŻƽѪͳͷӲ񣬲дѪ͵򷨹棡
ϵͷǿվޣںݴ磬ʢ
ƽһֱ峤ǹϵǿ
ϻƽ̳еģӦͷ̩̹ĵѪ֮һ
ʱ֮˪Ѫصİأ̩̹ǿվ޵ѪȻɡ
ն̨ع飬ͷʮƽʬڡ
С̩̹Ծ˵ٶȳɳ
ʦ֣Ϳ㣬֪ͷǷȱʲô
ԣʦʱշγʱ˺һռ϶Ǹɫǽն̨ٻ
ά֮Ѫնָ̨
ʦˣȥͷ񣬺ڵСأ͵ͷǰ
سɳƿȻںݡ
ǣǺ



һǧİٰʮ 
طرһ̣Ԩؿ߿գɫ΢
մһشͣţʹִ˷صƺĳϡˡ
Щš£κ˺·Ρ
ǰõġĻ󡱡
ڴ˵аħ꣬˿̴ҳһһʵ֣ȫβ͡
аӻ̻̲գЩϵĴڣΪͻȻô˲κ
٣
̷ɽأŸ߿յġš֣·ڴк
λˣмϢһأʧٶάȷ˺ݵĴ
ȷģάĺܳףûκĿܣ
ȻأҲ֪ˣ־֮صλ½˹ڵĬrȫˣҲǺɱά
ڣҩӳ೾Զʱͷ۲ѵʱ֮
أάѾû˺ݡҪ֣ȥǺɡ
С
̷ɽ˵صȶʵ
ܱ𣿡
Ϊ˵׹¶ݺݵص
̷ɽ·ûڳϵġš˵ǵĵԨأĺúõġǿھҲڣûѿķģһжϡ

һشصġšĻͽͣѸٵɢ
ѹڲκаħġʯЩšʧ֮󣬷·ͻȻͱжˡ
ˣȫ߹ˡ
̷ɽ֣ſ򡣬һΪ˵ص׵ǻݣͷʱмֻ۾ѵɣ
֮£αҪ˵ŭݡ
̷ɽֻһ䣬ס𣿡
ʱˡ
ӳ೾ʱ֮һ£֮صЩħ֪ˣĬrԬҲгȪͷʿ
ңӳ೾ûдӵص׳ûкһ
̷ɽ˵¸ˣĬrԬЩħҲΪȥܡ
ڵʲôЩߴڣ᲻һеأѡȥ׷ɱԨЦŲ廰
ͷ
ʱǸûôľԨЦЦоǣǺʦ֣Ҳûôǰڵ͸ˡ
߰ɣ˼һ
Ԩš
Ƭ̺ƿˡĻ󡱣һνƬء
Ԩ
ڵݺһͻȻڡ
ΪҪȥأû뵽Լˣ㿴ңҲҺ㾳һˣ
ӨСȭͷǳ
ȵڣǳâϵػµ
ͥСУһǹȻ񣬾ضţɼǹд
ˮݺ͸ųഺٲ㴹ıȳϸݽ
Ȼˡ
ԨЦſޡ
һĻĻݺü䣬˲ӿԺ
ݺʱĲ㺬һЦ˵ͷ
Ժǣ΢΢ͿȪʲô
޷֪̽£ݺˣڵص׵磬ʲô¡
£һλλĺߴڣ׷׽עͶˡ
Ҳ֪Ĭrȫڱסе˾ԨִƵն̨ӣһһӿ
ȷǷˣ춯أܹʷĴ¡
Ȫɫݣ˵ÿ֣ڳ˸еľһ峤άڵص׵磬һλħʼΪһ塣άλ־֮صףӳ೾Ԩɱˡ
ά
ȻɫΪʥŮ֪άķ
Ϣ׼ȷ𣿡΢
Ȫͷдά޸Ŀܣ
Ҫ壡
ΪϢ˾
ͳȪʹһɫֺԨ˵һǸĻݺȥҪһдġҺͶԵһȥҺøЩ˵ġ
õġݺЦе˵
ûȥǺӣάţҲֻԼء
άǺӵǻ飬ζʲô
ǻټġ
仰󣬲뿪
ȪںݵİȫҲҪ˵ĸǺԨ̷ɽ˸кҲͲһͬ뿪ˡ
ǻָˣǱΪħˣ
ӣӳ೾١ǺҶ֣ȪĻеޱȵ
Ԩʦôˣӿ
ʦ֣ûɱΪħǡ
ȻܶȥԨҲԴ󷽷أڵص׵ľ֪˿ʱ⼸ˡ
ǡԶʱڵʱ֮
ﵽ񼶱İ׹ǣȻǹڵʲôĬr
£ôľ𣿡

ǰļˣһһէ㾪ۿ
һߣŶӣ١ǡҶ֡
ʱ򣬿⼸һôô˳ۡ
ڣࡣ
⼸ˣ̷ڶ꣬Ϊھľ𣬻ɱʱƴȥƴ顣
УӺ١ǡҶ֣ڵߡ
ԨҿҲҪһ̻᱾
һɫ쳣أȻǱ𾪵ˡ
ͷҸ֪һڣ˵ĬrҪһҪԴԨ֣µ˵һ£ֵ̫ʼ֪Ĭr˵ҪϣǼֵ֧ģ
̫ʼȻ֪ԼĵһݣȻء
ãһӦ
ԨƳһ١ǣüͷһ壬ĬrǹڵԺҪǵãںħ֮ǰڴ˷ءԶʱڣڣҲϣ֮𣡡



һǧİٰʮ 
ڣĬr
쳤ۣƤ׵ģƤѪܶɼİģګګ
ĳѪִѪʯǬ䣬Ѫ߶
һĺɫ
һѵɽ£ǰɺĽڰգ洦ɼѪУнͽһͰͰѪˮ롣
ѪʵĳУܿһ˿ҵŮѪС
Ѫ̵ĴӪ
Һÿࡣ
泯֮ſ־֮أǺǹЦ
ʲôЦģ
Ҳˣ̻ͨᴫϢֵع
ԬƥƭҺöꡣĺһ
ԬࣿȻ
̻ͨ˵Ԭǰ˽֪¾¼࣬ЩǺñڳ˼䣬֪ҵΪʲô³𣿡
żȻ羪
ȥ־֮ϴʱλдģڰ׹ǻûнΪǰ˵׹ǲҲڿ־֮ҡһӡ
˺ȻΪõĵİ
˵뿪־֮أڱسûʱںڵǿ߶ϣ㱻նɱǰǡĴȣóŶһ١
֮󣬳黹Ѫ̴һӣط־֮غҲΪĵ˳سΪ֮һ
飬ǵʱĹ
Ԭ࣬ŶԣԬƥ򣬺Ҵһ׮ףȥȵĳ顣ƥתûǰƥִƵͼҲƥİ£õġ
ͼǹڵĶƥǹڵ棬
Ц
飬Ԭĺˣסˡ
ȻϭĬrƥĬrĹҲûˡſ־֮صķ򣬡аڣں׶̣šˣһټĬrƥ򡭡
׺úúһˣ
ֻЦףԭѪңҲ׼һӡڼȻ֪ѾĬrҿҪ˯ˡ

־֮أΡɽڡ
ԬǷӣͷڿĶʯڣĬrϸ˵Źڵ״ж˴
ಣ
Ԩں׼ģǹͼĹŮӣڵõ󣬴̤롣
һĬr£溣ݼĬrˣϲ
ĬrȻ
溵Ĺ棬΢Ц
ʱĬrԬĿУ֪µĳԬĺᡣ
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ԬѾ˼ó˹ˡͼȻȥ顣
ҲԬͨķʽóõġ
ܳΪ־֮أĹڹؼʱ̷׻ԬĿɲ١
Ϊ鱾ǹһԱȻԼ֪
׶̣һνޫhܹҲܹڿ־֮УܹΪ޲TҲԬӰ
ޫhԬѡģδĹڳԱ
ˣҲԸأ׷ΧĬrࡣ
ˣµĵ
ǹͼڣ˵ĺۼĬrˣҵȥˣ֪ţұ£Ҳ֪˭
溽ǹͼ˫ֳϡ
Ի̬Ŀ־֮أûǹͼıӻҲȻ
ԬΪѪ֮ҪڵǷŲС
ˣһֱûϢȻܹͨԴͷΪͨǹͼĺۼڳԬڴݣǷһϯλ
ĬrѾع飬ҲԪ֣λ䣬ٽ׶̡ںаϡ
Ԭ·𿴵ʢ
ҵ
ĬrסǹͼǣӦϢͿ϶ˡ
Ԭ溶ʱ

κ
ԨòݺҹĻɣ˵ľ
̷ɽˣȪˣͷҲŻЩϼһӳ೾ǵڣѾɹ
ҲҪ²á
ڶӵˣӳ೾ʱ֮°ͣȻԨǻҩڵȴϢ
ûĹǵǣֻùԹɴ뿪
衰Ļ󡱵ıӻԨڵǼݣҲ˲κеĽأһаħ׷ױá
ҲԨݺеʱġ
ϣǰ£Ũ⣬ûλɣ
һϮɫȹİ磬¹£ƮȻ
ĿڣͼڽҵĺүūѪڴĴݹ٣ôã㶼û֣ԭм飬ֲ˼񰡡
ħŮʲô֣ݺü
Ҽү
ԨҪһһأڲκıػ



һǧİپʮ ۲
һͿʼ¡
ݺֲҲʾأâ
Ԩɫ糣ȻأŮߴߴسûꡣ
ڽն̨ǿĸ֪
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ǣǣ㿰ޣѪ磬ʢ
ҲΪˣڵһߣѪĴ򰾴ĥ
ݵޣ˼ŻڣɷħڰʿһҪͻƾ磬Ը˷ʱ䡣
Ϊݵ壬بơ
Լϣȥû̫Եòʧ
羡Խ龳΢Ժػϡ
ͻǣǿʢĸҲڡ
񣬸ͻľᾧ
Ȼ˻һܶ鶼ˡ
ǵƾͱˣǺޣǿһѪǿڽĶ̰첹
꿣Ĵ

һ°ɫȹװȹҷڵصŮӣƮȻӶײ
ò͸һֹ󲻿Եʣ·ˮƣʹúӵˣƮ顣
ͬΪͻһѪ磬Ū˿Ķ·𶼳
Ԩû
һվƱ뿪ʱظӦˡǸԨӦѾ֪ʲôˣն̨֣ڣ˲˵ġ
죬Цҡҡͷ꿣㼱һ㡣
㣬Ҳἱ
һţص׵ӣǵصףܱұڣͻƣҸոе򣬲Ŷһ;ǿն̨˲ʧˡվŵĵطƾնһռ϶
֪ռ϶ƫһЩеңܱˡ
ŭɶ
ˣ
Цݣֵζ꿰꿣֪Ĳ֪㴦ʲôսˮƽѵûŪףͻȻѿĿռ϶Զʱʱ֮
ռ϶㾲֮س֣Ǻǡ
Ӧòټˡ
ڵִǰ֪ǿУͳĺݣжôǿͲ˼飬ҲԶʱ̵ʶ
ʱ֮جΣħ񱴶̹˹ʤ
һ壬㾡ȺΧҲûֵˣӣ˲ٸ߽ˡ
꿻Ѱͻھټ̣ôܵסʱ֮˺ѵĿռ϶
˼𣿡ҡŲֻ˸첲ôеķţҶһ
ʡʡɣûֵãѹҵĶ֡Цһն̨ûָˣȰȥһڣ̻ʿɡǻҪѰңܹǴϵ챦
ն̨ɷħѪ꿰ҧκһҶܶãȻԨңҾȥ
һɳ졣
³çļһ
ԵЩΣ֪꿣ֱռ䴫ķλȥʱȻŤͷЦ绨عǰ
Ϊ˵أ΢Цŵ˵ͷ֪ʱ̫ʼҲǴӦȥն̨ġ
㶼ûջ񣿡ྪȵ
ԼԵġָѡʵˡˣһ㶫ӵɷħˣħ֮ˣն̨ˡ
Ԩôһˣɷħ˵ն̨֮Ϊη׷ѡ̫дĽ࣬ǿձ߽ûӴ϶࣬Ժû̫˽⡣
;УľԨԽԽŨˡ
֮£Ҳһţﻪ꿣Ǵͨ£Ԩ½ء
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ĴڣĬrٴνסһܺԬ˵δ𣬴ʱֻǹͼڵģĺۼҷ˴˿̵ĺݣҲûҵܶϺŵġ
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ɫҰĴأڶͨص׵ĶѨǳѪħ廮˵Ѩͻ塣
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ͬԨͳħ׿˵أҪı̩̹ޣΪѪɫᾧȥԴѪ½
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ǻ۵ĹԣΣ䣬ʶǳļ䡣
ԭ壬ǰնѪ̡նݵĴ֣
ѡ



һǧ 
ؼ䣬ΪŨҶ
ĬrӵصԴͷ̤ĮȻ䵭ӣ͸ƣ;ȡ

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ŮӺЦԱš



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ԨۣѪ֪Ȼֻܿһ
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Ԭ֮ǰĬrĬr򿪵ػΪڤͼ¼
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ԴͷִǿʢĽ׶Σȫѡ
ڴ˿̵ĺݣ˭ǡ
⣬غȻ⣬ǣħҲ֪ʲôٳδܻع顣
̴Ц첻ڣԨȵ
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˭ܲˡ



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ԭһƬƬɫļ׿ǣһףħɽ
һƬƬ׿䡣
׿һأͷ׷ױ飬Ũûصס
꣡
ɫļ׿ǣħɽġʯ顱ϵѡ
Ʊ֫⡣
ԨϸϸݵĬr΢֮ڤѵִ׵ʶ
꺣һţϼ⡣
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ӣԭ·ֱͨأᴩݡ
񡭡
ڤײʱ׻ħɽҡҡ׹ө˸ѪĽᾧ
Ԩоĵ򣬷׷ٴڴ˷ء
оصľȻһ䣬ֻ˾Ө͸ļ̨תţŹ硣
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Ԩ͵һ
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٣Ϊ̬ᾧӶλɱ䡣
λͷӡ˲·ںλɱԪ
Ĭr˿ģǽλΪԪᾧ顣
֮󣬻ָΪݵıԴ
棬ҺıԴϡɢΪ̬»عݱ
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Ĭrһֱ۵ؿ˹̡
龧ĨͷԭеĴۼЩΪԴ֮Һٻʧء
λḶֻ́Ҫɡ



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׵λոѡ
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ܼڸ߿յĹֶԶż½ħ
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һֵӰӣŨһ̣ͻȻ֡
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⣬ش̨ϣɽȪöϵһ̻ͨᣬ᳤һ仰
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һܼ΢𣬡ʦ棬⻰Ǻ⣿
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Ԩ֪ΪһϮλļΪһϯλпܱĬrźãڵĺԶѾ֡
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峺ĺûκɫʣ·ܹͿĨɫעͷ䣬ķ壬
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Ԩֳն̨ؿڤͼ¼ŵǷռ䣬Ӱ顣
ĬrȻϪӽգڤڽ㡣
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ԴˣһںݵС
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ԴȽ⣬˵ѹ⡣
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ζĿ⣬һԨȻԽݺ˵ǲ֪ԶĿ£ıⱲû̫ȻˣҪùں͵ħܲµߣһȫƻ
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Ԩ΢ƾһָоĻͥСأ꾫·ˡ
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Ŀͻۼۼն̨ۼǵʵӰ
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Ԩ͸˼ᶨ֮ɫ˿̵⡣
֪ģҺͺ֮ĹϵǸСѾͷŪ̷ɽʱҾ⡣Ĭrʲôԭ򣬿ɼȻѡȻҲ˾ұֺ֧档
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Ѵն̨뿪ĺڶСأµĿẮȡСֱ˪ĺܣȥȼŵ߲ʻ档
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ն̨֮ϵԨԱڣԡ
ۿţһϯλ峺ҪʹκƵ죬ͻȻߺȡ

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ĽڣֳһģӰԨϴ
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壬ͳ£ȵǿʢ

жôǿ񵽵׾߱ʲôѾ󲻵ˡ
һúԶϢģòı⣬ݲƵ졣
Ҳʹãһϯλ̩ɽ
򡲻˼ʲôҪõʲô

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ĬrĬrԴͷˡ
ˣݽľƣøӣӵѲ⡣
ǱߣĬr룬ֻٴնһϮλǹں͵ħ쳣ǿʢ
ǵı󣬻ǿ̬Դͷ
˶ص壬ĳͬˡ
Ԩϸ롣
Ҳ£꿿ʱ;У˷ˣԾûˡ໵Цţ˵ǰȻ˳ֹȻ֪ʲô˷ǳ㰡
أʱζؿ˿Ԩ
ԥһ£˵ĬrӺģʵڣҲ̫ʼ㣬Ӧöҵ˼
Ԩ̾һ
ںݴ̫꣬ܽӴԴͷҲ֪ԶʱĹڣҲ˲Ծһ䡣
ĬrԴͷҲֻԼ̬ȡ
ΪһԼն֮ھȶԺ󣬾ں͵ħָλҲرԴͷΪĹס
ϧţⲿѹͬ

պ
ݺյʦѶڣú׼һȥĥ¡
ݺֻȥ
չȥ̻֪ͨԨ᳤ʧǳᣬ᳤ҲĲ룬Ѿ뿪˺ݡ
˵Ѫ̵ĽģͰһҲӻĳѨǰ⡣
᳤ĵķ׷ȥԨҲΡ
Ȼ֪һϯλã˵ĲúڴӶǰĽ
㣬ҪҪȥ½أһˣߣȥ̷ɽһĸĸ
Һú롣



һǧһʮ ·
Ԩûȥ½أҲûȥ̷ɽһĸĸ档
ĸӡģ
Ѻ󣬰λ£ҲϾТˡ
Ĭrĺճ߰ǰΪϭȻշݼҡ
Ԩһ㶼ģݼڱ̷ɽʲôΣպ鷳
У֮أλҲݡ
ĬrǰΪϭһ룬Ԩ
ôĻ³ǵݼңѹ˳¼ң˺µһļ壿
ڲκһЩ¡
غĬrֻߣӦòŰȫһ㣬ڲκߡ
飬ڴ˵أȴʱ
ͨռʱʧȻٻ
ǽ࣬ԨȤÿÿԨٳ˼͹ʶƺÿһʷ׳ʡ
ˮ׾Թ϶
ڼ䣬ޫhͳ飬ǧ٣Ԭͬ£ɨ׶̣׶̵Ľɢ
׶̵ĽޫhǰʦܣΪ˽֮λѰ׵֧֣ޫh
ĬrԺޫhҲԼݣñ
ҲܸммĬrԼû֣⽫
ͬʱһ֧溣Ҳȥ˹ڣ˵˹ڵط׶̵Ӫ
ԬЭӼλ֧֣ڣ׶̺аϡ
ֻ

ɽһ۵Ͽȡ
һλѩ磬̬Ϊ׳ӣǣܽС֣ͻȻ
صǣϿڣһɽ͵һ
ӣһ˫Բ˵ͫͷлƣΪ˵һɽͷ
վϿ⣬ü棬૵Դ֮š
ʦǴ˵еԴ֮𣿡
²أСԴǰ·Ҫһ㡣
Ȼ󣬱һ
ܽһֵۣ³ç
ͬһʱ̣氲ɫ΢䡣
ٺ٣С׾Ȼˡ
ڳź̵ԯһӴɽʯԵúܸ˵ӣϹ֣㲻Ҫ̫ˡСǱߣΨһ͵ļһˣûʲôЩɶСɱ
氲ļʾ԰ꡣ
Ҿ׹ǣŶڽĬrˣĬr̫ҲߣΪû£ϲ𣿡Գ۹ֽС
氲һ
ǵ㿴صԴ֮ţ쳣ţʲôԴ֮񣿡Գ˼䣬˵˺ˣǱߣڣҪģ㲻̫⡣
գԳһԾ¡
䣡
Ͽʱɽ𶯵ĸ
Сף˺𣿡
ԳеأͰɫ컢к͡
·ˬֻ˳۵ģǰͷ
ĴˣѾûˡ
컢ʱ򣬵ԵЩнر磬Ҳû䵭ҷ̽һԴ֮šµһ̣Ⱥɽ𶯣Ѿ氲кˡͬҲãͬҲգҸÿҪġ
ʲôͬģ
ԳЦİɣҺϹֹϵõĺܣҶˣҲ㾡ܿ̽죬ֻһ䡣
뽲컢Ȼ
Դ֮ţԳҲЦݣûңڵĺݣûɳеļһ߲طʮ߼κ˶ðȻ롣
õġ
ɫ컢ܽ⣬лչһ£Ͽȶȥ

нĹУһͷͷɫľ޻ڷɴܳϿЩй
СѾͷŶݵΪʦ
ԳЦеأܽһûһؽ۾ʼ컢鲢ɡ

ڡ
һԵΪ׳İɽڴأһֺĸо
ɽˡ֮ǿء
ڣɽʱ𶯣ʯ䡣
Ϊķ
ڵĺܶӣΪǿ򽣣Ϊʲô½͸ԶŻ˴
ⲻ֪
ɽµİɵصףһȴªʯУһݺύĽУϵ
ʯұڣǿ֮أҲڽѿ
ǿʶУһϯλҲǲ̬ӡһ֮
ȻʯλҲƴ
λѡ

һһֵɣڴˡ
ִһ˪ҲһãȻأƾյ˹ǿľ֮ء
Źǿ˿̵״̬˪ͻȻæˣʦ塭
˵ɣ˵塣
ֵɿһֻ֣ǸС౶Ƶ죬˳
ǿ㾡ܵض֧һӡ˪ѾͷҪʱ䣬ŵԽãȡϣԽ󡣡
ԶƵеĵӰ˵
ϻǧȻâڵľ⣬·ຮļ˪⻰ʱ΢΢һ
ǿ֮͸Ľʹء̫ʼȴ½ˣڵİ£ǧطС̫ʼķ񣬲ûݵˣһ񡭡
ƵеĺԶŴͷɫįĹǿ
̫ʼǧչأھӿصĵ򡣶ǿǱȻѹƣ͵סǿλѣҿֻ⡣
Զ˵ҲΡ
ҵϵģǺݵ̫ʼǺݵĴءԣֻѹʵҪ泹ˣԣһʯ٣ݴؽ˺
ǣܲĺֻܴλȴ𡣡
Ϊǿ·֮ʹ½أǿռ·ںطλġֻҪɲֻҪǿռλҲ޼ƿʩ
˭뵽ڣȻа취̺ݵˣɹ񡣡
ԶڽҲ·еɥ
ˣǿܹ⣿ǿĴصֻ·һ֣ɾһ֣ҲֻıչأҪûǿռеĲ֣ǿλעѡ
˪Ȼ
ǿ׼̳һϯλɡֵɲһ仰
ǡ
˪ſڣ˵Ⱥλ̫࣬Ҳûʮա
ⶫ㡣ȥκԨǿڱ޸ġ
ֵɵһֻ֣Ƶڣץһˮƿ
ƿڣװһѺۼġԨڡ˹
Զ˵ԨСӣɹ޸õĺԨڣύ̴Ц졣̴ЦҵһصļԨڡҪԨ޸
һ£ԶٵֻҪԨΪӮһϯλɡ
ֵͻȻüС˪һϯλġҲϺⲻ֮һףֻԨеĺԨڣܹȹ̰ˡ
˪ͷһ£һȥ
Ҫ죬ҳŲ̫õġǿ̧ͷһ˿ԵʹΣУͨңӦܹǽġ
ֵɱֵĺν
ĹǿͷοǽڵһŹ棬ǲη
ǽڵԪ񣬳ֵ࣬ҲࡣߣܳԽȱ֮ݿٵسߣǽˡ
ڵԪ񣬴꣬ǵҲǿʢԵɡ
ǿɱʧ
ֵѵ˵ôࡣ
֮ǿⷬȴɫ̧ͷŴӲ̫õЦõ˵㵽ǳٵ
ţȱС˪ȡʱ䡣ֵ˵
ղ˵Ķܿ졣Ϊ˲ʧǲǡҲӦȥǿ
Ҿ˵˵ãֵһƵϣԼԼ㷴˼У
ǿЦݲҵ˵ͷ֪ˡ
˪һҲе
֮ǰ˪ԹǿҲвԹΪǿͺ·ƾն谭
өʱǹǿӶһı֡
ڣ֪ǿλ飬ȴھԼȡʱ䣬Щˡ



һǧһʮ 
ն̨ڡ
ԨУɫ𾪵أǿž޴Ͻɫ
ͣڱնϺüصģƽѪе΢΢𵴡
Ǳն̨쳣ġ
ӳ೾뿪ǰն̨ʹάľѪѵն̨£
̩̹ޣģƺͷƽѪͳ
Զʱ峤Ļƽ֮Ѫ̲һȱѪء
ӳ೾ͷʹ͵ͷǰ
ޣȡƽѪʱԷɿسɳ
ΪǷȱĲƺԲȫˡ
ͷڣ·չڽк
Ͻɫ΢΢𵴣ն̨Ȼһֿڿ
ǰԨעʱܸܵ޶Լľ
У󡭡

΢ն̨Ѩɳơ
΢Ժն̨ͷԻǵģӨʹΣȻȻزһ
һκϢģ׷뵱С
Ԩն̨е񣬾ؿԴڲκĻϢն̨ʱ򣬷·׵ؾˣֱϴӴˡ
ˣΪģҲϤľ
ݵ
޺ʱն̨һľȻ
Ԩͣ
ն̨ʱչ죬Ͻɫڵͷޣ¶ί
ںݣ
Ԩڲڵıץնֹ̨ͷ޵ıܣ̧ͷһ󣬳ȥ˵

ն̨һ˲Ӳκʧ
غͽ࣬Ȼ٣æ鿴
أ
ҫʶչǼ䣬͸˷ԲﷶΧص׵ĳӲĸӦ
ɲûԨĻϢ
֪
üͷҲԻħ̽죬ͬûҵԨ
ԨһкͽྲʱһûӰҲе㵣ģ֪ʲô
ȥˣء
ԥһ£Ҹ飬ϵһ̻ᣡ

ݣ֮ϣĻڡ
ն̨Ԩŵıͷŵܣз·ϢϢصĵ򷨹棬һ˵ҳȥ͸͸
գץն̨ͳڡ
һУʱо·εֹ㣬塣
˵ˣҪȥ͸͸ߵ
˺һӶĹ˲ʧĸɸɾ
Ҳһ䣬ƿڵƺ⣬Яն̨˺ǿա
Ż谵ǿգĴȿ˼޴ʯ
ЩյʯǵﱤгԺڣڣˮڡڵޣԼ䱸Ŀ⣬ɴ۾
ݣԨ
ôˣ
ʲô
Щ޻ȻٴС
ʯϣмɽ¥иߣ˸ոƣϻоƸס
Щʯĺ󷽣һ洫ԵĿռ䶯
Ԩһͨն̨Ұ֪ϣһǺӶɿڡ
ǺӶɿڵĴڣܽӺݳޣھǿߣʹǺӶɿڣⳤ;棬ķʱǺ
ϣŸĹת⽻֯ܰ硣
о֮κ׿ϢнڵļλھɣħǿߣȻҲڵгû
ݣԶ֮һִա
УԳһҵӰ·ա
ԶԨһʱҲ֪λӦǳħڵĵ
ԭеģԪڵġ
ҫݵһգӹܣʱҲ縺ػݵΡ
֮⣬ʯɢҲա
Ϸߴڣħڵȵɵھߡ
ԨЯն̨ƿǲڳʱĿ׷׿
С֡
ЦһԨûǣǴն̨ƮȻԶȥ
ؽš
һִմ
ϣڶʯϵĸޣæԼ£òŶԨ

ն̨ԨԽԽԶۼںݸĸǿߣԲ׽ͣ
ͷԨź󷽣ɫʣ˶ĺݡ
Ǻӵ룬ҪıأȻ˶ݡ
ǺӣôصԨ⿴źʱǱ޵е𺳡
ûһǳݰ貣Ҳûһط˶ǿߡ
һݣĺ塣
Ǻεȵľ
ˡ
ն̨񣬳Ͻɫڣ̩̹˵һ䡣
л֮鴫
һ̣ĵն̨ȻȻسⲿѰ
κε
ݼŵǿУ޴ڵĻܣ⣬ǵʣкĶأд΢СѪ
߱ģʲôԣն̨ɣ
˵ͷС̩̹ȫܹû
츳ʩն̨ǿڷԨĵʯһ־͹˵Ч
ิӵܣȥõɣն̨ڲСأȫ
ԼԼУԨ·𿴵һͷ޷ľޣǺӡ
һǿ޴ڵǧָʽû
Ѵ֮ΪѪꡣ
磬޾ǿգ·û޷
Ҳû˵Ѫ顣
һͷͷͬȼģͬǻۣͬǿǿվޣ
ϵ̩̹
Ԩһʶն̨Ȧͷޣͷڵն̨ع飬ͷʮƽѪҲע뵽Ͻɫӭȫɱ䣡
ն̨޵ĴڣҲ󲻳仯
ǣһΪնִ̨ߣδ͵漣
¶ˮն̨ڲСأʼչʼĿ
УŨϪγɣ·ܱΪɽеˮ̶

еĴأƺڶγɺӹȣɽֲﻨݣٴ
⣬ôоеݣ
Ԩ棬Ҳն̨ڲˣҲԵò֪ˡ
ɲǼ䣬΢΢һ
뵽Ǹ˵
ʱ˴Σ̩̹ҵ˺ݣȻںݵĴ߶
ˣݿʼ츲صľ䣬ûǺٶȣ֪˶ٱΪӦ
Ѫܣͳκݵ塣
ĵ춨˺ݳΪĵĻ
һͷ̳ѪޣԼն̨ڷڽ׳ʼչ¶һ档
ޣҲն̨䡣
ó



һǧһʮ ·
ն̨̩̹޵
Ҫκ˸֪ԨͨԼĸܣȷţԡʯΪδĥǿն̨ʵķԾ

ն̨ǺӷŴϷ˼
ĬĬأȥͷޣͷŵ
Ȼʶ޶ĿʵǼ
ͨƽѪͳν
ڣһӾҪʳ
ĽʳѪ⣬Ǹʽ
ǺݣǿݼŵǺӣֻҪڵĵطֻҪն̨ڳɣܹԴȥʳ
ʳ
Ԩ򦣬ϴӾ֮¶䣬ͷСأҲ˶仯
磬ľ⣬ǿϽɫ
ͷޣھӿص׵ľ⣬ĹѪ⡣
׳
ھͻƣҪѰ֮һؽ磬Ҳĳ翵Ķ
ͷµն̨˼
ն̨ȫĺϵ
ڣһͷʻ̩̹֪ͷ޵Ĵڣɳ᲻ĺϵӰ졣
ʱš
չ⾰ն̨ڵͷޣֹͣ˶û
һεĽʳôˡ
ӦǣȽСһģܹĵޡ
ʳ˯ߣƵʶû
ն̨ڵԨ۲һСصĽǿ
ʱɿ˿ɫʵĺݡ
ಣ
Ԧն̨Ԩݷȥ
פģڶޣֱý
޶õأն̨һڣһعκ
κһ̣ڷɳҩڷȥ
骰һ£һҩںҩڣͨҩҩʦȥȺͨ쵺ȺѳڵѩϣΪ׼
ı壬ն̨һ֣أͽˡ
ȥǿ
̻ͨǶ֪Ԩƿڣȥǿ飬ѯʣ涼ǶԷˣǽһΪ
ڣǲصĺڵʲôˡز廰
ôûһ𰡣ЩʧֻͨħԨ½صֱͨӵִĺݡһûлᣬ濴һۺء
ԨɫȻ΢Цȥ侲һЩ¡
ͨ𣿡ʡ
ͨ˰ɡԨһͷȻ˵ͷͷ˵һ£ѩһҩڵҩʦһͬʹﰵҵ룬Ҫȥġ
򡭡
ۣƬ̣ͻȻ˵ֻð⻷ֲֲݵĻû⡣أһĻҪȥǧ硣
Ԩһ
˵Ϊ֮⣬ǧĳɹߡǳأʹǰʥأҲѳ衣
˻һԨͻȻڸ磬ζĹ¡
򵥵ģںݺǧ磬ҩѧͽƵĵ裬ǲڸΪ裬ֻҩ֭
Ƶû취ˣֻΪ˿һЩҩҺ
ʱ;Σؼҩʦƺֻںݡ
ڣԶֲïʢİ壬ҩʦɾȻûһ˵
ҩʦ裬·Ǻݶеġ
ǧ磬ʲôĵط𣿡̡
ͼ⣬صı鶼
ǳģһĽ࣬ͬеѽ⡣
Ϊ̫ʼǧ硣
ҲҴţ֪Ҫ˶ã̫ʼ飬ͽ˽֪
̫ʼˣϺݵĴطȥǧ磬ʹǧĴطı䣬úͺһԲܳɹ
أԨһ£ҼǵãǿĽͺʹذ
ǿ
һЦ֪̫ʼıչأǿλؽѣִƵһִصҲ̫ʼλ
ˡ
ͨǵ飬Ԩ֪ǿ׶༪ˣҲʶ̫ʼ·Ȼܹҩʦĵɡ
̫ʼǧ磬̫ʼıǧĴطǧ衣
Լˣһ¡̫ʼǧ磬ǲǳԷԨȡ
غ鶸ȻɫҪ˵ǸֵĶ
̩̹ĸ֣ںݣ·һֽɣ
ˣ࣬ɹؿգƺԨЩʲô˵ĸӦͿ̽
Ҫ˵Ƕ֣ʱҪأʾԨ𽲻Ȼʹ˸ɫ
ҲŪеĪ
Եȣڱδ˵ءһģʲôĻ󣬲Ǻܱա
գһĿռѷ춸Ȼγɣɽа񣬴ƮȻ
Ƶݣúܵģ
һۿȥЩ򵥿̺۵ͨʯ壬ڲԵء
ɾʯµǣԨоһ΢ܱס
΢ڣʹúκߣҪʩʱᴥ
Ҳᣬһʱ䱻֪
ִءͽ࣬ȻжصԷࡣ
ԨͻȻЩӣǣѵк𣿡
ʯ棬ûݸ֣˵ڡЦһȻעڣʯֻҪڣ;߱Ч
Ԩ˵ͷʾ˽ˡ
̫ʼ˵Ǹºݵļƻ£ұʸ֪ǰãһ½ʱ˺͹ٴ˵Ҳ֪¡
Ȼ
ԭºݡ૵
Ψнɫ糣ʱ򻹲廰Ǻӱ̽ػѭλµȥʵʩºݼƻ
ºݣ
Ԩξ𣬳ļ˸ءͽ࣬һһġºݡȻըѿ
ͷ΢⣬ʱ꣬һ֡
ºݼƻȫʢʱڱġ
˼ƻˣǵһ̫
иںݵķչޣλĿԽѣλߵˣȴԽԽࡣ
ڡħҲڿλΪǱӦõġ
ڲ̫ص·ռ˺Ҳıȡһϯ
ɣǱߣͬµλ
£һ伤ҷļƻһ˳
ºݣ
ǺѰһ˶ǳأµĺݣܲλдܹ档
ãͺȫȻһ£ͺݵĴõһֵͻ
˿ڣλҫĿǿߺ
˼ƻҪһһͷ̩̹
Ѱң̩̹ŪʵأȥΪºݵĻʯ
Ϊº֮ģ
ڱĲ֣Դͷݵԭ棬취ŲУºγɣúֽĺһ¡
Σգ̫ļƻٿһ̫ʼļԡ
ȻĸɣҲһ浹ȫڷԣΪƻݻٺԭеһУ
ڵĸ𣬺ºݼƻܲɷ֡
˼ƻڵĸزˣʷĳУòΪ֪Ҳûٸ
ɣ˼
ǿյڣһֱĬĬأƽºݼƻ
̫ʼҲǧ֣ɱ˴ħ׿ˣ̺Դͷ֮Ѫȥһͷ̩̹ޡ
ƽƻ
˼ʱ飬غͽ࣬ºݵļƻ
Ը׷̫ʼΪҾηĴħ񱴶̹˹Ҳ˽ȥǱߣһͷǶħ񱴶̹˹ŵºֻغ͸棬Դͷ֮£ȥ
̫ʼֿΪºݵĴأԿĵ򡣡
ĵ
ºݼƻλһֱӰǡһһ;η
ķͲԣָǰеƣǿձ߽磬ʼĬĬأƽƶºݼƻ
꣬͹ˣΪ·ߡ



һǧһʮ ·
˵λʱϻһعʣǷĵĳݺ;η
ڣһ羴λ̫̫ࡣ
棬ҲǶλƳ֮λΪƺ͵ʦ
ЩҲһֱᶨƵأƽλ
ڵʱνǱ죬뾭ѵ
ɶԶݳݣЩ˶ԣǺӱص̽ĥȫ֪Ƽ
Ϊ
һԣŽеɣЩŹֵأƳһ³˼еԨƺúЦ
鲻ֻͬЩ²ɻ󣬿Ҳڴˡ
֪Ԩ˭
ʱҲ룬ǰλǰġºݡƻʲôħ
ǵħ񱴶̹˹ȻҲºݼƻҲ˽
뵽ĬrԨѡӿһɾη֮顣
ĬrⶣԬδǰϽԬڤͼ¼
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ն̨ڲʱ¹֮ܡ
û¹֮ӤķףԲŻ᱾ܵؿ뿪Ѱ¹֮ܳӯǡ
룬ԨڵıǬȡһ飬ں֮ܵ飬кܵĸྦྷʯһһն̨
Ϣ֮˳ʹն̨Ǹѩɽ֮ۡ
ӵӤᵽ˿Ѿõֻཱུ֣һ֮Ƭؿҧ
֮飬Ѹ׾ٵ
ԨҲ˿֮ԣѪͷѨϣ·ڰڲอ
Ԩ档
ʱҲʶˣʱ佫Ӥն̨üа
Ȼϡ飬־ýŪ¶ںݴ磬̫
֮ϣפŵǿߣڵʿǸɵľ뢡
飬һն̨¶ͷһʺ֮ĲȻᱻϷ߸ע⵽
з·޴ڵĺԶڣ̫̫Ĳȷء
ԨԸຬܵʯ壬ʱӤȱ
ȵǸĺԨڣһ޸ã㽫˺ԨڣӤһѩܵУԼȥš
ѩǣǰͬԼĵһ̽ǿսء
ңӵμǺ֪ҲԶ塣
һа취ΪĺѰҳһʺϷ׳ǿա
ҿˡ
ͬڲڣ˪ȥıһ֮飬뵽ն̨ɺѯʣǸӤ¹ѪҵĸоУҹˣк֮ܶ
ҹ壡
Ԩɫһ룬Ӥҹ壬ȷƵϢ
ģڷөֵĺѩܣ侫ѪǣҺն̨£ܻȫ顣
ն̨ڣмܿãȱ»֮

Դ˪Ӥĵ˵
µ飡
˪Ϊ֮Ȼû뵽ͷѩܣǿվޣһʮڣȻҲľѪͳ
ϳֻ֪ǿ壬ž߱
ĻҸо̫Ƿȱܶࡣ
˪
룬ͷܸҰģȥԡӦǣȷʵ纫ǰ˵ͬڵһλǿյĳأջʲôʡ
ʣӵҲֵȥ顣
˪ط
Ԩ˿ǣǸӤҪѪҪ޾ǿѡһܹѪѡĻǷҹĪ
㲻϶ҹ壬λ֮˲嵽˵һݡ
ѩܣҪõλ֮ɣҪΪĺᣬѰʵҹŮԣҲûô򵥡
˵ãҪԼ
뵽⣬ʵڵλ˽𣿡
˵ɯ
˪ͷ˸ĹâɯǱߣΪݣŪ˲ټڵģ±֪
֪ΪǰҺɯս
ɯ
Ԩ΢Ȼµ۹ң̣󸣬
Ụ̊ǺɯһҹѪͳҺħڡ
ص֮ȻҲѵ˵
ûҲµ۹ҡڶıܵŪͷ¶棬Ϊ֪ҹѪͳ
ѪߣǰǲģҲᱻԡ
˪ࡣ
С
˪ôʣ涼ڴ˵ɯ֮񣬿вͬĿҵĸоУӦֻǽҹѪʮ۷սʿνķɹ
Ϊʦ̷ɽڿһϯλʦһϯѵλڵͨġ
̷ɽһϯλ뷨ġ
ǰĬĬӦһ£̷ɽϵҲЩҶ֪˵ǣɯ֮һϯλ̷ɽӦòʲô뷨ġ
ɯܹȥҹ壬ҹϿɣȻ̺ݵһϯλ
Ҫ۷ҹѪȥ֤Լ
ΨˣҹŻϿԸķԸָ

ն̨ڲ˪Ȼڲű˪ı
ǺԨ̸ţ˵¡
Ҳ֪ɯΪ˸ʦ·ǱʲôԭӦûλҾãںڣյ˴ңΪ˳λ
ʵȻ
˪Ĭü΢һʲô
ٴοʱݳһ˿⣬ǰǰ˵Ҫһϯλˣ̷ɽǱߣȴԸһϯλż̷ɽ
㣬Ӧ֪ԭɣ
ؿԨ
Ԩзһ˿̫ĸоãȻʲôԭ򣿡
λֻһϯλӡ·ȴֹһҲ˪֮˺֮⣬һ֡
˪һ
Ԩ˲
ڣΪںڣһ˪Թǿѵλ˳طλ֮УȻӡűǳ·
һζڵĵδ츳׿Խߣλû֮ǰѶϾ֮·
̸ڵݺδǸϣˣ
̷ɽҪᣬΪֹ
ֻҪһϯλڣûȺҫھͻϣ
ݺͻϣ
ԣ˵ȫҷʱҺܸˡ˪һڣҲ͸ϲɫ
һɹСŮ
ڣ֮޷˵أѡں̻ӪɯҹѪͳϿ⣬о˪֮Ϊ̫ǿˡ˪һİȻȴû㵽ԨǺ棬û뵽գż
˵ô꣬㻹˴ңǰҪ󵨼ᶨĶࡣ
ڣ־ò̫˼ʱĿˡ
Ҳû뵽㾹ȻôȻӰ̫ʼľߡ
ʱ˿̣װźԨڵˮƿʹֻصڵȻѾ֪ʲô
Զǧ̫ʼŻ˶ԹǿĴᣬùǿһ
ΪڳʱͿռ䡣
˿̣ͻȻ⣬Ԩ˵Ǿ仰㣬жôķ
̷Ȼܲɸ·Ҫ·ġԨս֣ȻһЦ˵Ǿ̷ٶģٵһȰɡ
ݺأ˪üһ
СѾͷƬӣŶʲôżԨ˵
˪ͷ



һǧٶʮһ ֮
Դ½ɽ
ݲɽۣһľګӣ֮¡
ʱһ񷣬ǿųȵ̫üͷʼս塣
ľΪյ֪֮ܿ⣬һ־޴̫Уһˣ̫֮
оů⣬˵פôҲ
Դҫ֡Ӧܳȵ⣬ڡ

һͷߣȴΪ׳ߣͻȻ
ɫĽ££ƲӲӵģƽһ㣬ŵ
Ժ󣬺һգһ˿â䡣
̫·ĳֵŤˣ;ͱƫ˱𴦡

Ī״һ񣬿鲻磬ԵЩܡ
ʾ£̧ͷûգ˵ˣѵͲΪʲô
·ʲôĪ״䲻ȡ
Ϊ룿
ΪԪڵ𩣬յصĪ״һۣ·ȡɷ֮ʼղ͸¶ƮǺУٳٲϻغݡҶɣ֪ĽڵŶȡ·
Ī״һ£ȡɷ񣿡
Ա·λӲһֱҪģĵ··߬Уԭġ
ǣǰѾҷˣΣ
Ҳ֪ǰһУΪǺݵ壬Ǵû˽ġ
С
Ī״ҵ˽ģǽ·ʱҵλ֮ٽҵȻϣһֱԪڣִ·Ǹǳħڡ
ڣǵѹ̫ˡǰΪ˴ֿǣҽ·룬ȥλҲֻܷ֡
ֻܣפգӹĵһС
𩳨飬Ī״˵Ϊѣ֮
Ī״㲻ٶԡ
˹˰Σ֪ڣĪ״Ը񣬲֪ҪĵʲôʱֵҲ֪ҵ·Դ׷ȥĻѪǸֲĴڡ
ǿûֻ뵽ѪΪһѪ
˴Σ֮ʵִݣ֣úݵĵر档
Ļ棬ʵ׷ף֮𡣡
ĵģģĴȴͷաǿУеգԺͱԴһ£ǳһ·
ڣ·ռˣ㡭
ҡͷһ̾˽㣬ռ·νһֱȡħڵȡģ·òʹ죬ŶҲԹҶףҲ⡣
𩲻Ī״ԹԵأ˵㣬ϣ㻻һ·
Ī״ϣе㾫񣬡·
·û˳ɹԪڣгħڵˣʵȥԹһȫһʣһ쾧˹ȥ
ռģк·صļءû֮ģκ˿Ϊֻ㣬ܴĦ·İңҲûʲôա
ԴǳϿҡ
Ī״ӹЩ쾧飬Ļϸ磬˲С
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صص˵ͷҵ·ͷֲ飬Ļ档ģաǺݵĴʵһɼΪҵĻ棬Ǻݱ
ĴڣҪ߸Ԩڣȥͨ߸ĺԴԴкԴȥ
ɰģԴںݵĵĻ棬ϵĿֲ
ڵҲ̽Ҳ֪жôĳҡݣܱɽհ棬ɰҵҲûҵжϿʮͷգҲ񱩡
㣬صؿһ£ҪҪȥӴ
ȡ
Ī״еĳ쾧飬һϯ·ͻȻó
֪ģںݵȷһޱȳҵܣʼձߵӾĺԨײ·ľš
ʹҩڵĵػɽԪڵһЩɽͷܿӿĵ档
ӿںݵرֵģֻţһëܣȴѾ𾪲ˡ
Ī״δͨӴǹɿ棬ʽҲܳɾһ
ûϵԪںͳħڵĺܶˣʵԡ
ֻûܳɹȫ걻ȼմѡ
𩽫ܸȡصص䣬ǰĥѡҪҪðա
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ȿԼ⣬Ҷ֧㡣һ̾ʵ˵ڵľ̫ϾҲ㣬ôһ·ȥѡ񡣡
գȻȥ

ն̨
˪ڱ˪ʬСأźʱ
Ԩĵڻƽʱ֮ʬڡ
ۼ˪ʼרעأżҲȥת
֪ģΨһ̫صĻÿÿʱһֶԵħħǿ
ңûħԭʼܡ

ǿϽɫϷתšʱظоͷ޶׽
ޣʱƺǣҪƵǣ
ͬʱԨͼ˪ı壬΢һ¡
ظоʶڵ꣬һԭʼ̰Ϳ
ģлڲκĵħеص磬Ĺϵħ
е̰ģȻһԴͷ
ӡǣ·ܵأҪȥƣԴͷ
ȻһԨǿдаЩ㱡
ǵһĵĻħеħȻĿ
Զźݵ̫ʼ͸طĬr죬ĻֻأԴͷǣһңϵģʲôԨü
һڤڤУ·𿴵һƬڲ
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ƬڲģеһţͻȻûӰҲû´ڹĺۼ
Ԩȴ͵ʶĳ֮·ͺء
Զʱڣڡں͵ħȺأʼߴڵͻȻ俪ϡ
ں͵ħıǺݵص׵Դͷأ
ʹԼĵһУڵģĪɣƬغƵ
ǷȻڣ
ţںδ



һǧٶʮ һϯ
ħڡ
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ҵĻˮ͹Ụ̃ϳиǿͭӡ
ԿһħƵͭӣؽž˵Ļ磬ͭͻȻ³䵽ҽ
Ϸ¿ؿһ籦񾧰ҫӰ
ǵӰ;ͭӵײͨĻħƣӵӿڣȡžһ˿˿뵽
ϸߵɽͷϣվŵĵķҫܲԕFҲĬĬ
֮һֵ´øӦħˡ
ҫɸп뵽Ǻʱԯõ̫ˣȻܲԕFУȡϡĻ޸ԭƵĲ֡
ãþͺڣһ۹ڡ
Ϊħڵħ֣ĺ۲ţһϮµܲԕFЦѣϸһ£֮·ǲΪڰ³ʱԨ࿴ǲΪҪѡʱѡԨ
ҫ㶣ϸ˼
ܿ죬ͨˣ˵ͷȷˡ

ܲԕFЦȷѡںܶʱ򣬱ŬΪҪϵ츳ʵͣǳħڣм˼
ҲǡҫҲͬ˵
ˣҪ˵ĶࡣѡħҲȽ⣬˵ǻ¡ܲԕFۣӸ¿ܿӿȼյĻɽ֮ģҽ̶£ΪŨҡ
ħ·ͷھʲô˵ģҫȻ
ѵ𣿡
ܲԕFһ䣬ȻĿӻɽջأķҫ㵱Ϊ·һĲǳħڣһλλ׷ЩȱõĶʲô³
ˣǲӿһλߣ
¹ʦУʹܼ࣬ҵˣ㷽ҵļλ棬β׷ŷ֮·˭ɹʵˣ
ôһ˵ҫҲĬˡ
ħֻǴħߣδܽӴĵػˡħľͷδؾھҾʣھ㼫ˣûҪ׷Դ
ܲԕFأҲΪáһȫµĵ·Ҫٳɹ֪Ҫˡˣˡ
أҫ˼
ң
ܲԕFָԼҡͷȻʧЦҿûôɵҲȥʲôǰûɹе·ѡģһ죬׵·
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ܲԕFԪڵķ򣬡Ϲֵ·ġֵ֮ʣλҲβơڴţλѵ졣ȻңȥӹִƵ·
¹ʦƵأٺٿЦ
ˣԪڣεؽ·ƿֻ֣ǵˣ·ߣڣǵȵһ죡նһ·ڴţȡϹĵ
ܲԕFһʼһдҰġ
гԣʱ䣬ŵȵھ۷壬ѹƳħڵʱҲͷˡ

ڣɽĵҶ
СͰն̨ڣʲô˵˵£
ƵڵĺԶԵĻӰ̬ੲݵѯʡ
Ҫͨ˪һͻƿڣ֪ն̨ͷʲô
ֵһԴ·˯һ㣬ȻȤ
޸õĺԨڣˮƿ⣬ͻļ˪񣬱š˪֮ĬؿŹǿ
󣬺̹Ȼظ˺ԶԨ뵽ն̨
֮󣬾һֱͷ˪Ŵն̨ڲĺÿһ̶ӱʶ
֪º󣬺ԶʱȤסѯʡ
˪ն̨߶߶ҪϡѵõĻᣬʱ֮ͻƽʲô档
ն̨·̫̫ĺģһ붴еࡣ
ϧϺݵ֮һҲ޷͸ն̨صܡ
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˵ʲôȴǿţٳٿ˿ڡ
㣬׼ˣ
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˪ڴն̨Ʈݶӯ뱾Ժ˵Ҹˡ
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һ¹⣬ԽĻ󡱵ķֱǰŢء
¹Уͻǧ㾧ɿữΡ
жûˣػ㲻һ𣿡
¹УδεӰڣһŮ



һǧٶʮ ֮
ǵڻеӰԨɫ͵һ
߲ƣ
ʱ֣ϼͲκϼһգ߲ʰ쵵ĺò
δҹһֱóֵԲ£ͻأڲκ
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ǲӦóֵԲУԨؿŮԵӰ
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Բ£ȻǺ֮һ֡
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Ӻݺͻ󣬻͸ϢԨеϤ
Ů̡
ԽأԨԺУ͸ֳλŮʱµӰе̣ǰŮӡ
òʣɢݵζ̫ơ
ͬǣǰŮӶʱΪֻдѪû


Ԩͷһʱɫ
ߣҲѪĽϣ
ӿֵĺƵѪԨĸоΪͷԳ
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ڣû߷ֵǰɯΪΪ֮һ
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Ҫҵ·
˪ûһҪ׵˼
ɯ˵ͷΪ̫̫࣬Ҫһµġ˪˪֮˿̶ߣҲԸ۸㡣أֻҪһֱڲκżؽھС
á
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ֵı֣Ԩ֪룬ɯҲеɻ󣬡ûʲô˵ģʵģʶô꣬ɲԸ񡣡
ҷ֮֮ˡ˪ɫ䵭ֲһ䣬ʱûĻ
ԴеľȻƢһɭȻ
仰һҲζɯĽ飬˲Ĩ
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˪ýֻҡҡͷ
˵̸Ҳ˶ס
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Ƭ̺Ԩ˽֣£Ľ٣ûеõڵ

ɯĿ⣬ڴӼ˪ϣƵϣǺ͹ڣֻͬ˺ĹϵǹڵĸӹɯʱغݣҪڵС
΢䣬һϯλĹڹڣҲֲһغݣҲ뿴ڵй̫ʼǲǻԸضǵĳŵ
ʲôŵԨʡ
Ȼ֪Ǳ˵㲻ʸҲ͡ɯ̬ȺӲͻȻȵһҪûأȻնִ̨ߣұк
һ䣬Ԩ΢
Ҫն̨оԶɷħ壬ͷԲҫš
ɽڵģɷħеڰ˽ײһɷħ·ܵʲôٻȻ˵ѹƣವһ·ɳ
ǻɷħһ磬ֱ߿ա
ʱɷħ߿еֹԲ¡

Ԩ˲֪Ǹɷħͷ
Ů̷ͻʱΪˣԽŪɷħɷħ
ɷħʱΪĿѹڳΪɷħԺ󣬳ʱҲûõ׵Ļᡣ
񣬻ǻججģδָ
һģȻǹħһԨն̨ϸȥһԲ¡
Ȼ
ڰʱֵԲУƼˣŮ̵Ӱ
Բڣվһɯ󣬽ɷħӵԣٽСüġ
ɯл
ԲеɯתͼѪдĻܡ
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ɯѪͻΪɱɴҹˡ
ңﵽ۷ʮ
ȻѾԽ˱ʵķԾԴ
ʱԨҲȻˣΪλص֮ԽԽ͵ԽԽ¶棬ʱƯˡ
ΪѪߣʱѡĵ·Ͳͬ
ͻܵĽᾧɯԼǰ磬ģһѪͻ
Ǹʱĺݣδ֣ûȫµϿɡ
ɯȻࡣ
ԣڲƴѪݡ
Ѫͻ꾫֮Ϊ˷ֹֻ֣ܶǺӣҪʱ䡣
һֱڳ֣չֳӱȪĻѪߣȻ׷ӦôվǱߡ
㶦ɷħǧǧֻҪôһԭҲ㡣
ɯᳶǣͻȻ˵ҹѪڽʮԺ󣬲дĹħһ壬ͶҡԳҹ⣬ħħһ壬ԺҲҹܡ
˪ţԨȴվ
΢ЦеɯоԲе̣ҲĿ˹
ҹ壬ħ
ԨЦһ첲ڵ糺콣⻺λĽУ̳УλնµšͻȻЦ
⣬Ҳҿ㲻˳۵ԭ֮һɯȡ
쵱ִɱĹħҰħһе֪˶١
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ڶϢԶߣΧһ׷ͯյߣܵš
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һλŹȵͷֱţɯѾͷ̬ѾȷˣҶжˣǻʲôõĵģ
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һϯλҪô̷ɽҪôȥΣҪֹ˪˪·õһϯλ

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ܵһֺ빬ڣǿޱȵųʱϢѡ뿪



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Щعص档
Ҳ֪ƾʲôִն̨ƾʲôܹ˸ߵݵλ
ƾʲô̫ʼ
ڴ˵֤һԼ⿿Ƥ˵⿿еԷڡ
ϾڵȫڣЩɵġ
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վɽͷ˵ƯԨѳЦ
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Ѫӿмپᣬʵâ
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ˡơһɣ˷·𿴵ǧǰЩȣھڿٵ·;ɽľľգһ·Ľƽ

Ѫ絶â꿡
ڵǷСأ˲䱻˴ˡơĸоУݵԶʿ
һɲӲ⡣

תŻĿսոγɵյشӲǱ˴ֱײը
æӻʱţҲֻǿɿ񱩵ѪԵһ
꿽뿪
䣡
ȥ֮ͷͬɽޣ˿ֲײΪʯӡ
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ԨεһֱۣС
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УĿԶ·;С
Ϊһ߾洦ɼĿݹǡ
˷һɱ׳ζڶĿݹܱͣԺ󣬲ųΪŻڵ֮
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ɽʯҰ޷ݣڿѵĵ·ϣһһһ̹̹ͨ
Ѫڸǻ꿿󼰵ģԹŻڵġľ޾Ѫѹ꿡
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ľǶôµڲܶ˶˿ֲġľ̴ԧû
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ľҲǹŻڵôоǹŻĿսҪ׺һ㣿ԵĽ̴࣬ԧϣȻˣΪûн˿ľҲ
ΪŻڲ˽ˡ
̴ԧɿЦľţ˵ŵκӵܶСŻĿսҺʦʸȥģ˵ĸ

Ȼɵ̴ԧô˵ˣȻ֪ǡľȡŻĿսǿԨԶԶǿ꿡
һ㡣
һ̣ԨҲ֤ʵ㡣
Գ
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ǵṹѪİȻԲͬ
ΨһƵģǵݣǿ꿵񡭡
ʹͷԳ沿ëϸĻҲԨģ̫ͬ
֮˾ط֣ЩͬȺԨֱ֮꿳֡
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һԨԻ꿹ʱԨһԻĮعۿЦܣ˼ʲô
˵ĸо·ЩͬԨڶ˼
⣬˵λֲ֮
λһĶãÿһͷ껹˼ȥжǷǡ
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վǶڽ̴ԧĸоУǸˡ
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㵽ʲô˭㣿ɵˡ
ڲκʱҲûԨչֳ̣ʼʶԨǸԨǲˡ
ҡԨЦ
ҲʱԶڣ뿪Ĵ˾£ݻ˽Ų
𾪵ģ˿չʾģδںݳֹ档



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䳡ء
̬Ԩͽࡢ΢Ц˵ǵеıŵϵȴʼδϡ
ֹд䳡еЩʲôǺͱһֱϰػͨš
㡭
ſڣѩ׵ݷ·ڷ⣬ȴ֪˵Щʲô
ֻޱȸӵ񣬿̸ЦԨԺ˼ƪ
ݵԨӦƫ
㣬ɷħڵùŻڵνֲģ
ΪΣܷѳôĲ̬ͬ
Щ̬ڸоϣͲóģ
֮ʵŵģѪԨ
޷¼ˣΪǰԨչֵ棬ȫ֪룬δҲδʲôܹ˱仯ġ
޼ǿգ߱ģƺֻλѪħĴħ
ɴħ׿ˣҲԨѺ󣬻ӵŶʶܹȥ˼ȥжϡ
Ԩ棿
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ҵľ޾꣬ڣһ̳̳ͺʹħ׿֮ƣҵΪ죬ڲ̺ʵ͸׿һġ
Ѳܣĸǿߣ籴³櫰ļһ֪
ںڲֻٲ֪Ǳߣ׽ļ˲
ʱȻʲô̹Ȼࡣ
ڴҶ֪ԭұȴ½뿪ˡ뿪ǰڵ̳˸ľѪԴ˽ɱ䡣
ѪǱߣҲҲٵİҳ½½أֽȺľѪ̳ڴħ׿ˣΪԼ׼һʽϣնһѪ
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ԨһЦҵ񣬾̳ġȥģһȺľѪڲصѪ֮һҲںϺҵܻȺˡ
ǣҲˡ
Գ̬Ԩ̬Ԩսʿ̬ԨģȴתšľԨڽİԨ
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ȥ㣬һɣĬõ̴ԧͻȻҲ̲סˣǣΪһ㣬Ҳܽ꿱ȥ
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ʮ̴ԧһ
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ΪԸ̴ԧŻĿս꿵ģλŻڵ
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Ҳ㡣
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֪Ȼڣ峤ȥ룬Ǹºݵļƻ
ѵΪƾЩ󱲣ƾ̫ʼܹ˵峤ɣ



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ȥĴ
ƽԨ΢Ц˵ˡֱԣĹ죬ҵбԣڵѪ֮ܺͣȷǲҡ
Ȼȵͻܣʱ޷ˡ
Ͼ
Ԩʼ磬̹Ȼ޾ļơ
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ѾŭԨϸµôһ˵
񣬲ھӿѪСءǣµͥøػ㼯Ԩ̸
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ǰȻѾʶУѪģϵĲ죬ҪѪѷɫһ
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˼ҿǻʵ
ںݣе壬ǱģѡѪͻϳ񣬳ȷʵûⷽ⣬һҪԭ򡣡
Ǹʯڣһֺεĵؽ͡
Ԩȵؿʲôԭ򣿡
֪ģѪлǡ
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ݵѪͻǣģ鲼ԶֻҪ壬ٵأᱻԶӰ졣
Ѫ֪ϣֻھͷ
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ԭʲôҲӦúѪ̵Դͷһֱ⣬ǵѪҲǲŸѪ
ǿѪ̽ͽһʼѪϸϣǴˡ
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޷ϣ޷Ѫ̵ĴϣõѪܷ档
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ڣѪŨɣﶼȽͣԸȥ׽ΪٵأõôЩɵߣʲô棬ܵѹơ

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ڵȣǱԨԺеļ֣ȻͲ˷ѿˡ
ƫƫԨһֱϴһֱûֻȻʣɲǼеı飬Թֻεؼ˵
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̫ʼ˵ĦġӢǴλĻԼӦҹ
ط˵ɡ
Ԩ΢䳡˲ڡ



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Ԩۣն̨ǰĺۡ
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ðκ侲ʱú氲һǺݣϵɽǸԴ֮Ҳпڽ仯ΪԨ춴
ĬrҰɫͫ·ȼɭ׹˸ҲΪӴ¡
꣬һֱ飬ǸԴ֮ŵȡһֹ߽еУһ߻ɽתԵϢһŸ
Ҫȷû飬ҲûκܹӿǸȡ
Ϊںϵɽ죬ҾԼоڵԴ֮ţͷλԴ֮־̰أͼûûһУ
ûɽӹȣ
ڴˣǲ׳ĻᣬκӴ
ôһ˿һɹĿԡ
ǡ
氲һ̾Ȼ˵һܸоȻڱǿ
ϾǺеԴ֮ţֻںݡгεԴ֮ţ͸Ĵֺ۾ܰǿ
Ĭrڡ
氲϶ǿɬؿš챦ΪСںǰͺͺԶԴ֮šԶֹһԹ̽
ǵ˵ǣԴ֮ţںݵĴϡԶҴһȷ˵ΪһˣԴ֮ţѾϵĶһԸ֡
ҲԴ֮žġ˵ĸоδܲԴܣ
ðȻȥ޳мƻݵĵҲ޷Ԥϵĺ
Ϊ˷Сصף氲ԵЩΡ
УԴ֮־һԽԽǿûзǰҶȵķЩġԶҪһϯλȻѹסԴ֮š
氲¶˷̵ı飬ԶûдӦϼֻСԭ򡣸ԭǣԶҲ޷ȷɽô꣬˽룬ҳʱؽӴǲҲʴˣ
Ѳ⣬Զһɣұʴ¸һϯλ󣬷ֱӵԴ֮ŵľ䡣
氲ǺǵЦԴǼ䣬ǶԺԶĲ
ʱʱ̸̿ܵԴ֮׳ʳѰңΪġԣΪ˺ݣҲҪıһϯλ
ں᳤ŵԺûκؾʹӦˡ
ʹ˴ס
ԨĬrˣĥⷬ͸¶ѶϢһ
һ˲䣬˶氲֪氲Щ걳Ŷôѹ
оˡԴ֮񡱵ǿ󣬶ԺݵҰĺ͸ԭھ۷壬ʱ޷ͻƣԽԽѡ
λȱʧҲԼܳǿȥ
صġԴ֮񡱣ȴͨκġԴ֮šϵ׳ԼȻγɸǿѹ
ŲסˣȥҺԶҪλԶ͡Դ֮񡱽Ӵ̫ãѱʴ
ԨȻͬѡ
ֲã氲ɽÿһμ棬һأѹɽôĲӡ
ǰǺ棬δ̤·Դ֮šֹغش氲û˵
ԭôȻ縺شʹ˴ѹ
Զδæؾٰⳡᣬ¶ں̻ĳɼֻӯǳѷˡңԶɽԴ֮ãӯĻҰмҲںݣ
ԨҶˡ
Ҳʱʼȥ˵ӯӴǷصء
򳹵ǰңӦǱԴ֮߹ȥһط޿ݼ⣬ڰҵĽ£һȦȦĲɫ⵴·ʱա
ʱϸ˹Դ֮񣬾վǰǸġ
ҽµĲɫײ·޾ĺڰȴоӴ󵽲˼飬سײǲҪײ

Ԩϸ˵ʱĸܡ
Ĭr˸ļΪ棬Ψ©һ֡
氲𾪵˵Ժ󣬾Ȼ춼û
գն̨ը֮ϸ˹Դ֮ҲδɶʴٴԺӯûˣҲûˣѾȫ޻·еһнԱû
Ԩʵؽ
ʱĬrᳶζ
·˵ǼһǡԴ֮񡱣ҲֻԲ˶ߡ
ǲǻҲԴ硣
氲ƽľ˿̿Ԩ񣬷·ڿһͷδֹħ֣û´ʱԴ֮ţѾɹ仯ΪԨ춴㣬ǱԴ֮ţ˲䴩Ԩ춴
㣬ܵάûĵط
άֻʧԨ춴ûܳɹشԽȥǻš
ȽӴԴ֮־ֻȵ꣬άᵽ˲ƴ˳

ǺδĬr廰
Ҳ氲˺ģеҪ֪ԨʱִĵطǺδˡ
Ԩ֮ţ
氲һȣɫޱȣ㱻Դ֮ţͨոճεԨ춴ֱԨ֮š£ŵĲɫԨ֮ţ£Ǵ˵еԨˣ
㾹Ȼˣħ񱴶̹˹ȥĵط
ɽʱڴˣΡ
Ϊ֪Դ֮šĹ죬Ǻӵ氲ʵһֱռԨ춴СԴ֮šصϢ
˵ݣⷽ˽ˡ
ǺҲ֪Ԩ춴ʲô֪Խ֮󣬽ִδ
氲ȴ֪
֪Ԩ춴Ժ󣬾ִܵԨ֮š֪ħ񱴶̹˹ֹһε̤С
ʲôȣ֮ģǰȥ
̹˹ô˾ΪԶˣԨԴ֮ϢԨȸ֪ȻԨ֮ʲôҵʱ£Ƭ޾ĺڰѵԨԴ֮ԨһʲôĹϵ



һǧʮ 
Ԩ֮ŵһˣȻԨˡ
Ԩ֮оʲô嫵ǿУֻдħ񱴶̹˹֪ˡ
õ氲վʼһ˿Ǳڡ
Զߴ͸˲翴һӰڸϸڴˣѾɽ֡
ߴڵٽش󳱣ӿ͵ĺ
ԨĬr£ɽСأ֪ģкǿķӦ
ɺϵ˵ص氲顢壬ɽһһľϢϢأͻȻ𶯣类һطġ
ϵڵأڶߴ뽵ٺҲѹ޴
Ҫ½ˡ
氲һɽ۵Ũڽɢ
Ȼλħ´ϢܹӺԶõ𰸡氲Դ֮šڵȣΪˣҸýӴһ¡
ԭأƮȻ䣬˷ȥ
ڴ˵Ԩıȥ氲ӣһ׺һɽȿڡ
ɽȿڣһЩ᾵ʯʽϢ
ͨɽȵ·ʣصУ·ûõ鶼޷Խ

ãƲһҵ̫⣬͸ɽĻֱ氲ڵɽȿڡ
̫ڣһλòݵӣ΢Цų氲ͷ
ҫĿ̫⣬ͻȻΪǧСĳѸ
̫ʧȫسֳȻѡһ鰵ʯ
ħڣ󡣡
һۣԨ֪λӣܲԕFͷҫ
ʼںʱ˾ͳ⣬ֻڳħڣһЩҪһѰλ
ҲȷԸԳˡ
ԯҫܲԕFԼ飬ĵѩһֱȽϿݣûֹ
ˣλİĳħԨĹ۸
ԶɽУһűҵѪԶܿ측¶
ɫ컢
ԲڣԨѪ֪˭
Ȼʱͼһλ׳ӣͷдƣɽڵͿշš
ǰã½ؼԨն̨ھ׼ؼ㣬ܹͷ컢ڵѪӦʮ֮ࡣ
ңһɱϢ컢ÿһѪУ
ԨԻǵĸ֪û̫ļԶԶͷ컢
ڤڤУ·𿴵⼸ʮĲл꣬ͷĥѹեǱص
ͷɱ¾ϢƺŤģԨҲЩݡ
Ҳ֪սУ¾˶ǿߣʹǺѪڣڰ·ԶҲѲ
ԨеΪܽģıʦ̵ܽ᲻ʧأ
ǸѾͷǰñ컢ţѾһˡ
氲ڴ˵񣬾ȻƳԨ˼컢ϲѾͷ㲻ضǡĵģɱڣǡ컢ɱҲǿĸˣʧأ컢ᡣ
ɱ·컢ٳģӰ죬ܴоȡΪá
Ԩü̽ң
ɽף㣬ֻһڴˡͷ뷨ữһģӰǡܿ氲֪ʲôңҲֻģؿǰ㣬ߴڣ޷Ƽġ
ëҪһġԨߡ
Ĳˡ氲ش
ۣ֮ԡ챦˼䣬½쳣ϰ
ģ꣬˼룬ѾһֱܣѸġ
Ҳмȥġ
컢֮Ī״Ԫӿնǰһʯ¡
ĿԣɫĮδһԡ
ȴһЦ˵ͷָ˵ǺǣĪðǰϲ㣬һ֮·
Ī״ܵӿϢϸ΢仯ѱ
˲֪ռĵ·ԺǰλԪ츳Ķ֣ʲôѡ
󿪻ЦΪĪ״ѡ·ħںԪڵǰ˳Թ
һ⣬λȫȼմһ˿ۼ
УĪ״һֱǸвǱĸѲĶ֣õԶ̴Цȡ·Ժ󣬲ڷ
ãĪ״һ񣬶Ī״·
ôһλ֣һλĸ󻼣Ȼѡ·鳩̲סЦ
Ī״ĬԶԣԴۡ
Ķͦ
ź̵ԳǴӵص£ͻȻ˳
컢ҪǰԱһʯϵĻҳͲһ£Ȱɫ컢һͱߺȣС顣
׳ͷûͱ˴кֻǳ
ȻҲŵ˳ӵǿʯ
ţԳȴǶš

һŨĺڰԳ֣Ż컢
һֻǰسẓ́Ȼٽˡ
ûκԥ񣬵һкЦ̴
ǺǣĺܺãûҶ̴ЦӺڰд
컢ֱȭźڰ֣ȴû˵ûʲô
̴Ц̫ϤˣЩ̴Ц⣬֪Ͷ۷սʿӴ
˿̣ۣ֮ԨĬrˣŴ̴ЦĺڰԺҲȻĬˡ
˽֪ǽֻħ̴Цһֻһ֡
λ˵УѳԽڰ⣬ȫкڰħʵ̫ˣ˲òӡ
ֵɻǼٳ󲿷ʱֻǿվ޸Ȥ
ԣսǿߣսߵľħ̴Ц졣
ǧ̴ЦǺӵͷҲľˣǻ飬еǿߣû˭ʶ̴Цġ
ݣǰܹٶһϯߣ˳طħνӹΰ
ԣһִɽȿڣһʾõģǳħڵ
Ϊ̴֪Ц첻úݶһϯߣҲȫ֧ͨͺԶн棬ռһϯλ
󣬽ĵ·һչפִգ
̴Ц󲻱Ĵм
氲Ũڰһ󣬺ȻŤͷĬrʲôо
ĬrҡҡͷʲôҲû˵

ɽɽȿڻӿΪΪŨһء
ԶƵ죬һŨڸ֣ŲֵɣͰ͵ѣԵЩԸأǸ
һۺҲûطԭһƨ¡
º󣬷·סһƵ죬Զ֮£ֻԼƶ죬ƵţԸӲء
Ȼ󣬺ԶĻӰڽ棬ظֳ
ţҶˣҲԿʼˡ
Զ΢ЦţƵڣһӹһһ飬Ȼ˵ΣǵĶ׳ǺڳǿҵŬû׷ѡ
ҲʱĬrһץԨĸ첲һ֮󣬾ɽȿ
һҰʯԨָָԼ
ںԶֵɣԪĪ״ħ̴Ц죬ɫ컢ħ󣬻񣬹ĬrԨУ˵ص氲
ˡ



һǧʮһ ŵ
ȿڣԺݵĸǿϯضʯ
˶۷һںݣһĻûֹ
УȻԨңֻһ񡭡
ƺԵò̫ڳĸ۾뢣ûǷһ㡣
źԶƵ죬ɲɵأͲͨȵڴ
ߣɱأȿǸ졣
ԣλţ۾ŵĽ֮
ⳡغݵشᣬڵλƺȤ
ǺԶⰲһλɣŪһ¾ˡ
ȻΧȿڣʻεһȦǿߣĿȴƵƵϣڰкֽս״ﵽʲô߶ȡ
󣬰ɫ컢Ī״ĬrҲ
Ͼǰһʵڷ
һĬrһ氲Ԩ˿ֱȿڣǰƵ졣
ԨоĬrĹΪֱǰĴУһ㡣
ʱգԨȷ˵һλնߡڵ̫
ҲȤնɱĬrΪԶ¹λá
ǺԶǰı߸ڣع;䡣
Ҳ֪ĿǰҴĵˣ˶һѽε
ǿҪôƷڵĹսҪôںʱƴɱ
庫Զֻɫˣڵĸ𣬺䡣
ɴ˿̣ƵڣԶӰԨȴڿȥ̫
氲ԣǵϼ޻ĺԶܿ̽롣
עҲܿԶħ̴Ц죬ɫ컢񣬻˵߮
Ŵ̴Цĺڰʱֻܸܵڰ궼޴Ӹ֪
źڰ̫Ժ󣬶ûᱻźڰû
⣬̴ֻЦһڰ
̬Ź۵أһʯϵԳʱسЦ
Ȼ¶һϻ
ԨͷԶԳϣȻûᵽκΰѪѪȰɫ컢ϵ񣬷·ܲһŨѪܣһ˿ܾ졣
ħЦݲõأ˼ۡ
Ī״ʱ΢ɲص˵ͷ
ֵɣȻǴͷβûۡ
ġ
ƵĺԶݲȵؿڣûʲô̵棬Ҳûô໥һ£ֱӾͽ⡣
ңһھ׳ϡ
κɱһϣҿǷѾ˼Ҷ֪ͨʱ֮Ȼյ˺ݣؽڽݸˡ
ǣںڲѿնȥĥټҲΧˡ

ɢˣȫųĬɲĿɫ
ƺҲû뵽ټ˹ĺԶſ˵飬ǰڵλɱ
ԨûɫƽؿǸ졣
ԶԴһֻҪһڣ˾ͻʶأҪһֱȥ֪Ҫʲôء
ҶģҲû˳Դȥʡ
Ϊ֪޵ķʸ˵ϻ
ԽڷԺ󣬼ֻڴ˷⴩½صͨʱҲšǣںڲĴ׷ȴڽӴǣ˲޼
һλտռҳɹļһҲͷۡ
ڣλڿʼǰŵ㶨
ǣ׷εķѿԺҲӦñ׷ķˡʱȻұڣ֪һ쳣Ŀռ䲨
ɿռ䲨λĲãΪ׼ģ׼˺ܾá
ڳʱ벻ݣ׷ĺ۵ļᵽλ׼ĴʱҲû룬Ȼƿն
ǣ˲ȣҲڽǣֱλ걬𡣡
Զͣ١
ûԨŵĻ컢λʲôõ徿ʲô֪
ңһ֪Գҡҡͷ
컢һԡ
ҵˣɽϸ̽ȷżλˡΪռݵһϯλѻԴعݴءҲûתĿܣĻʱɽȿռըı
λΪ˷ֹѺݿռ䣬ıܷڹڡ
ң˽ʱ䣬ؽ䳹
Ȼ󡭡
Զһʱ˵л⣬дĥɾԺֹáõҶҪɽʱĳ棬ƾճһš
Դ֮š
ٴζסɳĬţϻٵĶ¶ɫ
£Ȼһܣ֪߲ࡣ
ԶƺҲ״ó˵
Ԩܵ𶯣ߣȻԽƵ죬ǸСԴ֮šڵȡ
û뵽ļȻڣ
ݱʱλڴ˷磬ԶΪ׵ǿΧķˣȻᵽеĿռ쳣
Ϊһݵ㲻˲ƶ
ⲻֻ֪Ͷ֪˶á
һڻûжǰͱµģר壬˲ƽȥһͱˡ
˲䣬ȡ
˰ʱ䣬һȷӰݵĿռ䡣
ֹһȡԴ֮šͻȻγɡ
Դ֮ŵγɣйءȷţԴ֮Ŵģǹе־
Զٴοڡ
ֻǵʱ̫Դ֮ŵаšճʱûп־壬ΪȸԾܡ
ΪǿͨǽȶԴ֮ţ˳뵽Դ硣
ԣǰǹ
⻰һ˵ɫùŹ
ϸһ룬֪ʵӦþˡ
ڸԺڶλȱ˳Ǳߣ׷ӿֳµǿߣںλԺǶߡ
Ȼ󣬱ĵɱǺӣǰկ緢
һȻֵġԴ֮šһͨصڣڲһĺԶУһеʵ
һȶˣһӳˣñ˳Ʋժ
ڹԴٶһϯλ
ħѹˣ⣬ʲôطֵǵģǿ־壿
Դ֮ǰڣͲϼȡĸʱ氲δҺλ֮׳ȶ
ϣԶûҲûʲôڵ
ڣû˳ȶ
ʱǲŷǶ㣬Ѿܹ˺ݵĵϡñȶһ֮࣬УǿȥεĻ˼ݸš
ңλȥ̽ʱѪ֮޷С
ʯ󺣡
ҺλУ˾͸ˡڣʱҲûʲôΣֻǲϵأźû
ⲻѽ
ڳʼʱȣϽ㣬С
氲ѡϵɽξϡ
컽ҹΪԴ֮ţ˺ݵش
ңλҹͬһ¡
Զ̹һС



һǧʮ 𺳵Ϣ
氲˵һ£Դܱ֮䵽󣬽ʲôѡ
ԶƵڣĿⶨ氲ϣʾ氲˵״
ⳡᣬ֮ѸٵؾٰҲΪ氲У֪ǳޱ䣬Ҳпܳںݡ
ѡַڴˣΪ氲͡Դ֮šڡ
á
˵ߣƵ氲㽫ԨĬr˵Ƿڳߡ
ǣȡԴ֮š㹻ԺսܱΪԨ춴
Ԩ춴ԣûûĶ
ʱֻǿգĥ켣ĳһͻȻʧ
ͻȻðزʳһ㣬̫ãҲض֮ء
ӡԴ֮šܱɵġԨ춴ƺҪΣգܱΪزٿţӳܡ
Ϊ޻ǡԨ춴Ľ
ǰȣͷġԴ֮š׳ȥҲսΪԨ춴ûݡ
氲Ƿ˵꣬Ӹǿߣɫÿˡ
ͨ˵֪Դ֮šܱΪԨ춴֪ԽԨ춴ִܵصġԨ֮š
Ԩ֮š棬Ǵ˵еԨһʱȥ֮ء
ħ񱴶̹˹ȻֹһεأվˡԨ֮šȴҲûðȻ̤롣
ǴҵĸĻѣҲںݡλܰȻɺݵĲ½غӹȣеһŲ档
ĺݣأκܽܵİɣ
氲Ŀε
Уǰڵ̻ҲһϢֻħԨͨ½صģʱ֮궴ͨڣֳһԴ֮ţ氲ȵ
ֶһ
ħڵںԶ氲֮󣬳µĿ˵ߡ
Ϊ˵컢ҲΪ֮ݣüͷ塣
ͨҲ֪ˡԴ֮šĹ֮ҲΪݸеǡ
ţֳһµԴ֮šƺֻڿռ伫䶯֮γɡУԴ֮ţӦǼڴˡһʱ֮䴩ͨĿռͬӺƵ
氲Ƚһ£ٵϢǣͨԴ֮ţȶкܳһʱ䡣ֻڲϵأͨڼȡŸʽ׳Լ
⣬ֻͨǽݵһ·ڱҪʱǿնϣ
ԣµԴ֮ʱΪ壬ֻҪǰɡ
Ȼ֪ħ˾氲ƵеĺԶʳԨ֮ǰʹǸ⣬Դ֮Ԩʲôϵ
ԨԶȡ
˶ʱ
Դ֮ĿǰΨһ֪Ԩ顣Զ飬Ҳ仰ҲΨһһܹӰԨȥڡ
ΪǿޱȣǡҲͨռ¡
߽ܹͨռͳԨӶʴȣѰаϸ˹ļһ
Դ磬ԨӦֻԺ
ΪֹҲû֪Դ֮ǲħǰ㣬ֻǴ̬֪ûѪ
УӦҲʱƲԨ֮ţ뿪Ԩ
ԨʱȾȣѰ
ȣѰǴԨ춴վԨ֮ϷŽӴ
λû̹˹ĶԺܿͱȾȻԨ춴
Դ֮ƺҲͨǵ˸ʶǣžֱӳԨ֮ţԴ̬
ԶЩϢǴħ´ģʱźҲ𺳡
Ԩһ֪
ݵߣǺӵʱ䣬Ҳֻꡣ
ֻǽĿ⣬֣Ǻ֪ĸǻϣһҪأλ
ħ񱴶̹˹û֪˶꣬ӵλħ̩̹һֱ޵дڡ
һֱưǺӡ
ʱգҲûκν۷ǿߣ֤Ի
޵̬ôã֪̽˶ؽأҲΨֱԨʱȥһˡԨ֮š·Ķ
̹˹ħĴ˾£һЩϢҷ
ԶٴοڽʱĿԨϣԸӡ
ԴǣҲЩԥ
ձ̹˹˵ǰλԴ֮괩Ԩ֮ţͱ̫ش
֮ǰλ䣬꼫Ϊǿܹʹħȼ⣬лն̨ն̨ʱ֮ڿռ䷽Դ֮񡣡
ԣһͨԨԴ֮񣬲ֱˡ
ɻǸˣǱڲ֪Ԩ춴ݷꡣ
λն̨ͻ˺ݣħ񱴶̹˹ѰһӣҲδܽԴ֮ڳ
أҲûˡ
ôֹ꣬ڸˣ̫ҲˡԴ֮ҲڻָһЩʼڸܵԴ֮š
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㣬ȥˣͨһԴ֮ŵĿǲָˡӯĻѣһ֤
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Դ֮񽫺Ҳûˡ
Ҳ֪Դ֮񽫻׳ʲô̶ȣҲѹԴ֮񡣡
Զʹ˴ס
Ԩڣкݵǿߣȫⷬˡ
ֻĬrĿ⣬Ԩϣû뵽λֿѣȻʹħ񱴶̹˹Яֹ
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ͬʱԨҲͻȻµΪδħ񱴶̹˹´ҪԼԼȥһˡ
Ȼ̹˹֪Լ˭ڡԴ֮׳˳̶ԺȻ뵽Լ
Դ֮񡱵Ŀ£ǾͨͿռ
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ٴشֱնɱԴ֮񡱡
̹˹Ӧ롰ºݡļƻҲⷽԭ
ԼţԼܰﵽŻڵһһ
ԨӯӴԴ֮񣬻ͨԨ춴վԨ֮ŵϷ氲һ˵עͻȻ׷Ԩϡ
ЩĿ˾Ⱥɻ
Ԩ˵ԨӴ󵽲˼飬ӦûֹһиԴ֮ͬȼļһֻ򲻶ռİ޷ԽԨ
һ˺Ȼʧɫ



һǧʮ 
硰Դ֮񡱰Ԩ飬شڣһ׷ͻˡԨ֮šʲô
ڳˣǺݵ۷ں޾ǺӣҲȫŵϺš
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һԴ֮񡱵ĵôħ񱴶̹˹ͷˣ̹˹˭ζʲô֪
ڶƵĴӿ룬Ȼһѣ±̹˹Ҳס
˵˵
ź̵ԳͲͷۿԨ
ˣҲһ׷׽ĿԨϡ
Һܺ棬ԨôִġԨ֮š
ͨʲôȻܹӡԴ֮񡱵ѵģ
Ԩڣֿʲô
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ڴԨǶξһ顣
ʱ·Ҳ»صȥǶκ͡Դ֮񡱵Ĳִٻ棬¸һء
ӺԶУ֪ʹħ񱴶̹˹شԴ֮һΣȥǶξʱ˲ͬĸ
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ؼʱ̣Ǹ޴긡֣ն̨ȫ
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֪Լ˭ġԴ֮񡱣ڻ֮̿£ҴҽǳԭԵȵս
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⻰һһ룬û˿ɡ
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ûִԨ֮šҲ֪ԨڴʲôԨһ˵֪ԨҲ·Ϊ޾ڰŶ̴ЦΣħⷬ˵Ĳû
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ԨڣŨ޾ڰ̴Ц콫Ǻкͺڰصķ͸˵һԨ
ȻԨԺܷ˭Ҳ˵׼ˡ
Ԩ˵ܸоԨУӴ󵽲˼飬ϵײԨ֮ţȻҲҪһں̣ǺԴ֮൱Ԩ顣
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һԨ֮飬˭ҲԤϲᷢʲôҲ֪ǽʲôãħ񱴶̹˹иԨвŷݺݵȻźݴġ
ݵĴڣǿβ֣̽ԸλĿʹĸǻ飬Ҳƴǿ󡣡
ǿ󣬾ͲʸǺ棬ҲӦõġ
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ڣ˵ҵĵһ顣
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ΣԺеҲʱѹ¡
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ԣҪģúʱڣȳôһ
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Զȵǰ߲ڵҩӳ೾



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ݺԶ˵ǣħ񱴶̹˹λ֣ܹشճԨġԴ֮񡱣̵Ҳն̨
ն̨УΪͷʱ֮γʱշáԴ֮񡱳˸
ճԨֱ
һԶѡȻͷʱ֮ڳĺݸߣûκ˻ͷʱ֮
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Ԩţ褵һϯλսѣҲ
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ԶȻ֮۽磬ڡ
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ԣܹӦòֻǽݵԴ֮š
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Զͷҵ뷨ıϡ
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Զĵľͷºʵʩͻѡ
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ۣĬĬӦһͻȻãȻлҪ˵Ǿ˵
Ƶڣ͵سһԨڡȻдӳ೾ЦôһҷˣСӣţѵӦң᲻Ӧǣ

ӳ೾ЦͻȻޱȣҾͲȥҾƯݵҸ⣡һ뿴źݻޣǵɣǵ˵ӣĻأ
ⷬȿڵһ۷ǿߣüͷ
뵽ӳ೾˿̣ȻһһŵĺԨڡ
ǸԨڣȻͨĺԨһѨɺԶһ긺ء
Ϊʱ֮һĺԨڣͱ˪ɵģڲʱ֮
⼫ĺԨڣȻʹڳ
һһСӣһһš
˵ʱֲε⣬ƺܴƵеĺԨ
޾ĺ⣬ôŨңκ˶ܸܡ



һǧʮ ʨӴ󿪿
ԨζƵϣ档
ͬʱ塭
ǽһ۵С
廽ն̨һֻţɳ˲ն̨ڲСء
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նִ̨ߣСصףӳ೾ͨǾ߶ѵʬȥ̽飬Ȼҵ˿
ɸӦһֲˡ
ӳ೾ͨᣬ֪⣬̸֪˽
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ʦӳ೾ε֪ݵĸǿߣۼɽȣ飬ȻҪٳһλͨռߣ
˭ģǴӺδϢ
Ԩ񣬿Ե氲Ĭr񣬴̴ЦźڰĪ״󡭡
һؿȥΪڳλ˭֪ͨʦӳ೾
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벻ԶеѡȻʱ֮
벻Ͳ̫ǰ֪ͨӳ೾
ʦӳ೾ƫƫڴ۳ͷͬԺͻȻԨڡ;ĺԨӣҵ˺ԶػǸѨ
Ҳδ̫˰ɣ
˭Ǻǰҵ˭һµԶ˼˭ȽϵǺݵġԴ֮š仯ΪԨ춴
˭ܹһУ
ǽУԨն̨ڵԺиֳһ֡
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ԶеѡڻûоٰǰѾˡ
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ӳ೾ڵĵѣȻϢոձ¶Ժ󣬴ħ񱴶̹˹뵽
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Զֻʵ뷨
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ԨţΪҪڳֵɣ̴Ц죬ļһ´˿Ѿ⣬׷ɱˡ
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ԨҲˣͬĴֿڡ
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ͣ氲Сǳһ䣬ҲԨҿڡ
ȻԨԺӳ೾Ǳ߾Ȼû
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ӳ೾ٴͣһ£˵һ䣺أʵѾˡҵĽǣȻĺ޳Ҫģȥ
ƵеĺԨھʹʧ
Ҫ
Ҫļ褣룬ֱڳһϯλ
Ȼ塣



һǧʮ ǿ
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Ԩִն̨ı񣬴˿̶һ졣
Ȼ䣬У߳Ǭ½ķ
һɫĹӰԹƮȻ
Դ̬ҲûЯħ֮ᡱأôͻأ
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ǰأбʵʻħħ֮ʼ֡
ҴϢ㣬˵ߡ
˾ֻħԨع½زõԨеն̨񣬴굽ն̨˵
Ԩ΢𣬡ôأ
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ţܸȻ
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ԨҲܸɴ࣬ն̨е˲ͷݶѪصĻӰֱ˽ȥ
˪ʬ֮أкԨ䣬໴Ӥ
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˭룬Ҳɱ˭ֻҪȥվѨͷɡѯʣظæͣɽᡣ㱾壬ǻͨģһ֪˭㣬֪Ҫɱ˭Ҳ֪
ΪˡⲻҪ鷳㱾ûǰһ֪
㱾񣬺ն̨һ뿪ߵϵȻжϡʱݵͱ壬Ȼ֪ȥ
ص鼫Ϊء
Ԩն̨ԥ룬͵ͷȥ
ѨͨģֻλŮʱѨһڰѨһǱߣŪʥصѨ
ѨںݴѨڰѨڰʥء
ôΪ˽ݣ塢ʵͨ
𽽫ѨݣΪ˾ԺѪ׵Ĳء
ͨѨǰѨڰѨԨųһ֪ġ
Ȼˣûʲôԥġ
ףһ˳
صҲɴ࣬һӦʾֱ뿪
ֻǹģƺбҪ¡
ںǺУȻҲд·Ԩпһ䡣
ѵãݵĸǿߣڲǳᡣشն̨ǰЦ˵ǧѷĺûᰡҪ棬ûȥʲôУӻ뿪Ƕ񿴻ţ˭Ҳо
˻⣬˻ֻ㣬ڴδء
صĻӰɳն̨֮û˵һ仰ֱӷ½ء
ԨҲûʲôԥػûʧǰͶն̨ʱ֮ƿճ
ڴڣһɢŻϢĳѨһԾ¡
սѨռûֱʹĳ֮ء

ɽȿڡ
ʯͷϣ󡱵سź̵ԳͻȻƳһԨ
Ԩװû
ʱıЯն̨մӴڵĻѨ뿪
ΪʵƿߣǷСصһһȻ
ͷԳҲе죬ʱ̣ԨΪδæشӺ뿪ԨʱҪȥδ
Ȼ˺ȴȻھҵС
ֻʱ֮ӳ೾µǾ仰
ĺ
ӳ೾Ҫϯλлѡ񡪡롣
ĳ޿ɼһߣ룬˵ˣҪìܡ
ǡ
ȿڵߣڴĺԨʧԺһζĿ⣬Խˣͷϡ
ߣˣױĬrɱǿҲڲǰ䡣
ڵļ褣ںԶİ£óλ
ӳ೾ԣѾˣǱȴûʲôʧ
񣬽԰Ȼ뻹һѪͳҳɹ
õ֧֡
ڳ۷ǿߣ֪ѪͳߣѪԽʢ磬֮ࡣ
仰˵ĳͬ׳
Ĺ壬û˿ˣںΣʱõ˾޴ĺô
񣬺ݼϯȫµλ褽һϯȥһϯƺҲȷһ㲻֡
οӳ೾˵ҲʵҲȷʵˡ
벻Ҳͷѩܣ̫ʼǰվҪġ
ȻҪȻҲȷңԶǾˣ
˵ʵǸϼһĹ⣬ڻûʲôȡ֮
ź̵ԳعЦţΪ񣬾Ȼʱɿ𣬡λǰٷְٵΣǵȷռλãȷʵûʲô
ͻռλãȴ̰Һ۷岫ˣ罫λڳ򡣬ͷʱ֮
ͷ׳ԺͷۡЩսʿܱǸͷۡ
һֻȻһ̬
֧
ȿȡ
ƵеĺԶĿ⣬˻һֱۣ֮˵
ͷռԳԽԽ˳ۣ˵ĺеҵǲ£ֻ˵һ㣬ҲĹˣûʲôˡ
İɫ컢ڳĸǿߣȫɵҡ
һſڣȻͣסˣѵõĴ
Ȼ󣬲ó۵ɫӲ˵λ˵ˣ뱻ȥǺӣҶʱ䲻
˵
컢ԥһ£ֵ˵뿪ǰȷ룬˭ҪԼҲҪ
һ˶ʱȻ
˭Ҳû뵽ﾹȻôһȥ⣬ر룬벻Ҫ
˵ʲô
ҲҲ֪ⳡٰ쵽;ܻʲôʺ⡣
ҾԶ˭ķԸҪ
ˣ
ߣ컢Ϊֵູ̫ͣ׳ܴ꣬ɱҲҴɱǺݲɻȱı뺷ս
˭Ҳ컢ֲڣ
붼롣
ôţɲ̫׵ԶƵڣǿѹŭҲߣһϯλأݻһҪеһϯ
˵Ŀ⣬ڰɫ컢ϣ·͸˼롣
ϧ˭Ҳ֪﾿ʲôʲô
˵
컢ٴοʱ˶оͷŰЩ
ɫҲͨͷ֪ĻȻ춯أֱӸıݵĸ֣
˵ˣȷĺˣڲҲһλռλ꣬ͬû̫ཨߡվҪѡӵȴ̰Һ岫Ҳں档
磬Ҳȥ
䣬д̶ķȻԪڲ
˺ȻɫֵɣҲڴ˿ͻȻۡ



һǧʮ ¾
һ½Ծ
䣡䣡䣡
Ԫɽɽɽɽɽɽɽ
ʵĻɽ壬ͻȻ𶯣һȦȦ졢졢졢ٺɫⲨɽİɽͼڵĴ
ϧɽ𶯣Ⲩ֮С
ԪڵĻڴ󣬸ûӳӦеãûγɡ
Ȼ󣬱һƬɫĺ𩾲޵Ԫɽû
ԪڵߣƬ죬͸Ѫܵɫоѹ֣ѡ
ʶɫĺ˭Ժ󡭡
ԪɽϽߣʼʹŻ£·ŨҵѪζˡ
ԼʥذźԶֵ֣ɵĽ١
ͷɢZҢæӿ޵Ķ߳űɫѪûԪɽ϶Ǿ
ô
ʹ㡣
ʹ޵Ԫߣɢÿһɽͷ
ҪԪɽҪƴһµˣŵ˰ţǶһ
Ϊ֪ƬܰɫѪʲôζʲô
ζ޵С

½ء
ȻһͻȻǻֺ߿գԽˡ컯󡱵ַΧԴ½
ԱߣԽɵаʯҲ
ǺӣѭλǴ򰾵ǹɷ·ݵİܣɫˣ⣬
üĿоΣ
ףΪﶼѹǽˡһЩɬѪӴ̶ȣҳûǿġ֪ģЩǿվҲ
ϵǶںԺ󣬾׷ɱǿվޡ˵ʱҲѹ֣һδεԼͨǿվ޵ڣӦ֪Ҫӳ˰ɣ
صػͷ

̻ͨᡣ
巺ˣһ𺳣ûŵع
ӣˣҲľ

ΪŻѪŨĺۣͶѪܷǳС
ԽˣԽԪӿֵİܣжôĿֲ
ûκϣܹŨҵѪǺڣں֮⡣

ܲõص˵ͷ
Ȼ䣬ԨǸСƿͷһڽó
ɽǱߣʲôΪҪɱ𩣿
μץ޲˺ѿռ䣬ȥȿȥԪһۡ
ҡ
ݣҪˡĵ

ɽȿڡ
һ˺ȻɫĿˢˢϡ
˭Ҳû뵽ȻʱͻȻȥԪڡ
Ҳûʹ˼أֱӾͶչ˺ɱ
̬Ⱥȷ
뷴ز㺫ԶȻҪҽһϯλҾɱȥ
ңѾˣ
ûܲµ˼ûǰû˾˲Ե
Ὺʼʼձۣʲô鶼ֵɣһ˲ۣվ
ԶһѽҲֻһѽֵɣۣԪڡ
ս⡣
һʵĴȻ⣬ʱͷ˲˺ɽĲãĿ׹
ɽĸ߿ͣסңңԪɽ
һ̣кݵǿߣܷ񿴵ɽǵ׹ƾһָо
һ˺ݵĸ߿գʱܴ
ܴκˣ
һĿںδǱڣһ׼ȷ̵
ֵɣ
Ϊ֮ݣ̻̲ա
Ǽ½ڣоż·ֱ
ֻ֪ܵһĿ꣬ѹͲǡ
𣡡
ƵУ߳˺ԶıϾأһѰסֵɵļ򣬳ȵȱ嶯
ֵɫ΢䣬Բãͷ͡
ȿڽţݵĸǿÿһϣûһ˿ɡ
֪һ룬ͻᱬصĲս
ͷŰ컢ʱ򣬷ɽ侲ȡ
ɫƽƺˣȥӭп籩׼
һԱﱻΧܺΣᶨڳڶƴ
ڣ
һ氲һĬrԨʱĪ״
ԪڶĪ״ƤڲľګеıΣǸ˶ܿ
ʲôҲû˵ֻźԶ
ҲҪ˵ʲô˿̵ɫ飬Ѿ˵һУ
ҪԶ𩲻
ħڵʱǳӡ
ԪڶǳħڵУΪĴڣѹĳħ̧ͷóħڶҲδܳһλߡ
𩣬һֱѹڳħͷϵĴɽǵƺ޷Խ
ɽΪԪ޵֮ǰһλλħ䣬ҪôսҪôûһܺ𩡣
ԸҲ֪𩲻Ҳսʤ
ڣλ߳ˣѾԪɽ֣ǳ֪¼
棬ɽص
һˣ·Ϳ˳ܲԕFԵʱ죬һϯճλ˳Ʒ
һֱԪΰѳŵ·ȫɳħڽӹܡ
Ԫںͳħڵλһת
ڳУΨһǸ뿴ȥˡ
֪ħ̴ЦһҲһֱƲ𩣬ƲͷڹĲΪ
󰵰ܣڴ
̴Ц졣
߳ƵĺԶһְֵɣʾȲҪżȻͻȻһȣĿŨĺڰ

ŨĺڰͻȻӿŷֿٵɱ䡣
·ֺڰ򣬻Ϊڵߣһ˲ӿ
һеĺڰʧ
һλŲմأնͣĺ¿꣬ôֳ
ںڵͷڱ󣬾ȻӶնͣںڳ»ᴹڵϡ
鷳
ֹһںڳ¡ɫϣƺһͲˡ
ֵɣֻһ˵Ļ˼ңӦþ͹ˡ
Ǻӵ̴Ц죬١
ͲаغٺٹЦұ˼Ǻӵ׷ɱһϯûλۻȴֺԺȻʧˡ
ˣȴһѪͳҾͲûһš
̴Ц춢컢΢Цݺļϯλ׼ȷ˵ҹʹĶ࣡ҪλܹġǣȻǴҵͲ̫ص˰ɣ
λôҴģƾʲô
׹¶ҲͬĬr



һǧʮ ˵
ħ̴Ц죬Ա١
ԭΪǺսޱңԶǿһˣû뵽ȻѾ
ԶȻ֪
ˣһ̫Զ֣ʾҲˡ
ǣ纫ԶԸ¶ݡ
Ҳһ̣ݴˣС
Ϊ֮һ
գ̫ۣɺȻֳҵ̫ԣ·ֱգ۾ȻҲܳܡ
ڻ谵ңŵȼ͵Ƴ˼ͻȻƲҫ̫Զ
Ƕұڣһſŵıʯ飬ƺҲôˡ
˱ɽеҶڻѴȡůͻȻͷҶĹâһʧ
Դ½ͼ½ǿߣϵĴޣʱ̫ǳĹâƺݡ
ݵ½κε깣½
ԤףҲûʲôɡ
ȻλΪͨǿߣȴ֪ݵ䣬ŷʲô
λͼкڰԴħӦǴǺӻˣûпڱԼĺڰ֮ԺܹɵӰ졣

Ԫڡ
ʵɽͷоߣͻȻҹߵ
գ˲Ϊҹ
źɫԪڵ߲ûп־ͽ£ɫһ
ƺԪɽڰǵıɡĸ塣
⣬˻оҹУһƬڰѸٳԪɽ
̴Ц죡
Ȼ̴Ц죡
ڻС

ɽ
氲ϵɽͣҲ̴Ц٣¶ӰȥָĬrʱâ轵
ħڵ󣬿ɬһЦȴû˵ʲô
ģ֮һִգѽһ̫âҫ
Ҳû뵽һƲ̴Ц죬Ȼа
ȴ֪һϯλľħ̴Ц졣
ˣ̴Цȷ̬ȺҪԥʹеĻ룬ѡ̴Цͳһսߡ
㣡
߳ƵĺԶۼħȻ٣ϸոոֵο̼䵴Ȼ޴档
ԶŭĿ̴Ц죬̴ָЦֻ֣Ȼڷ
Ϊ̴ЦֱӶˣ
źڰ֮ʱѱ޷ļһҲһкû򣬾ԺڰԪڵɽҼкڰ֮ʽĺɱ
̴Цɽ󲿷ֵĺڰ֮ܣȻȫԪڣ
ԪڣиǧɽѾ˺ڰ֮ء
·һĺɫĻǷţκĹҫȥһ˿һ
ôˣ
ն̴ͣЦ죬عЦֵԸͣȴҪոմߺһɤӣǺһܵģҪɣ㺰ҹ
ڽʱƿصĺڰ֮ܣؼԪɽ
ԶҪ͡
˵
ͷֵɣҲѾ͵أǱȡ£С
ಣ
ֵɺǱ˲ںյ׹һ·նɱȻʹγɡ

ǵ⸽ӿܷ籩
һܷ籩ƽݴ磬Ũǣ׷׻Ǳ
Ҳڴ˿̣ߣѲܴ֮أȥɼ
ϺĺԶΪ̣Ҳ״ֵɷȡʱͲȰסˡ
ֹйһֵֹɳ
ΪֵڵģֵɻͥСصȻܺܺġ
ֹģֻд˿̣һ
ʱֹҲûʲôˡ
Ҫںݣȥ򣡡
󣬺Զֻȥֵɺ̴Ц죬ǽսǺӡ
ûֵɡ̴ЦսսѹһԪɽԻɱͬʱܾܵرȫݲƻ
ΪͻƵھѡϵʱϵĲԪһأûһһɣûżһ
ϵҪ󻯣Ҫ·ӳǿս
𩣬սǺӣҲ
ںֳԪڲķâûôչ֡
һЩúԶ̴Ц죬йǿ˶΢ʡ
꣬ѡϵʱҲǻѪҲΪݳ۷ǿ
ҲηԺԶŻᶦնһϯλ
ɾʱĥĶ־ˣ࣬ûг᲻λѡ

ǣпļ֮սɸѵˡ
вսռһϯλҲܷǷǺҲܷӳӡ
ԣľԪڵģںݼȱλʱҲ˹
Ԫɽ⣡
ۿħ̴Ц죬ǰʧԶָϽ컢һۡ
컢ص˵ͷ
СףͺúţǶҲҪȥ
Գ컢ԣƤЦⲻЦأźԶĪ״ˣԶǶԣǧҪ˼С׵ϡ
⻰һɫ΢䡣
Ҳ벻ϣ˽֪֮¡
Ҳ֪Ͱ׻ɰ׻һԱҰ׻ﶼΪҳϡ
£ȴ̬ȣһ﷢սͦ׻
ֵɺ̴Ц죬ټ㺫ԶǱ¹ҵǺϣߣѡˡСף
Ҫˣͳݵ塣
Գ죬뷨Ͳ붼
ɵĲȥµĲ
һ۵ģϣɾߣûС
Ըð׻ȥͳµĴ
Σ
Զһֵɺ̴ЦʧԺҲƵ졣
һʧ˶оҾ
ͷȥ
ͼԴ½ԪɽƱһ޴Ļʯֱȥ
ԪɽɽڣɫܣѪˮӿȦĺڰ͸
ڴ˿̻谵ĺݣֵһȴѣĿ˲ֱӡ
貽⣬ûκ̲Уͻһ⣬ظԪɽֻɳݡ
˰ͷһĻΪ֮𺳡
ԨҲһ

δ֪Ǻӡ
һɺѪ⣬ڱİǿգš
Ѫ̵ĽģʩչšѪݡϧķѴѪܣֻһ˲䣬ܾԶسڱ𴦡

һǧǳ֮ϣĶȻ֡
ʧѪ࣬Բ԰׵ϣ͸ŨŨƣۡ
Զһ̫ǳ£ӴӰʱһ
ӴӰһ·ֳ

ÿһζáѪݡ˾ѪܣɡѪݡǿռطܽһ˲䣬ֱʹﵽһǺӡ
벻ԶʼհѲ˶Էٴθʱͱ˲䶢ϡ
첻ԷѪݡְѲˣյĽѪܺľѪݡʩչʱԷ׽ɱ
ۿţӰѸٽӽİ̾һ׼ٴζáѪݡ
Ҳֻôһѡ
ͻȻ䣬о¿ӿݵŴأ΢ı仯
Դ㵷ѽ񣬴Ž¡
ôܣ
ĲԽ૵



һǧʮ ĩ
ĽµĴأͺȫȻһ¡
һϤУ÷·ͻȻ䣬һӻص˺ݡ
⵱Ȼܣ
κǳأͬһֱûڸ磬֪ÿһصźܴĲ졣
еǳʱڷɶҪķѪܡ
ҲеǳֻҪһţ˲죬ܲĴڡ
ںݣöܷɶߣܷŶãʵ̫ˡ
£ǳôܺͺһģһ
ɫ졣
ʱ𾪵ؾµͻȻ
˼ĥʱʮ
ãҪն𣬾ҪķʮѪܡ
΢΢һ
ԺУȸֳģȻǡ֮ǿӰ
ŹڹǿĴŹǿûκһǳֱӴ۸Ĵصĺķ䣿
ʶҡҡͷ
֪λڵĴɣֶ߱Ρ
Ҳûڱϣ˭۸Ĵطôص׷仯ġ
ûû
ɺɫҫâһ²⣬ȴȷ
Զһɫ쫷磬ϳĺ磬Ѹݶ
ǵصıѪܣ㻹ңԶǺӣȻԸܵ
ھ͵ķ籩УֳһͬΪɫӴӰѪܣſ񱩵쫷磬ԽѷɫѪݡٶȺХ
İ̾һ֪ٴζ룬վǻᱻϡ
һӽǳ뿪ȥһطһ˿붼Ҫ
Ҳڴ˿̣һ޵
СѾͷް
ŵһģʱͷ
̻ͨǱߵ֪Ҫɱʱ͹ϺͰֿˡ
ΪҪĿ꣬һ
뿪ǰ׷Ůδݡ
Ϊ£һɱˣܹУμ䣬Դȥ׷ɱ硣
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䣡
һضɽҡ쫷λɸߣ룬㸡¶
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ݣ񡪡룡
һأİǺУ쫷ڶǳܣ
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Ũܣ˷ӣҪڼʱڣСطⰲٴʩչѪݡ
ôˣ
Ӵռǳʮ֮һؽ룬Ǿ޴ͫɫ̫
أվԭأİģҲһ˿ɻ
жĻҪپʮΡѪݡŻľڵѪܡ
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ܼȥһȴͻȻˣôͰڳļƣҲú֡
ˡ
ȫ侲ȫʱֱһƨ˵ϣҶһҲνˡ
ǺãҾ·ɱŮͫУĮı䣬ȻصݣҲὫѪ̲ɾ

һž͵ķ籩ڴ˷ǳƾγɣÿһռǧĶʼûǺڵ磬ʽҡ
Ȼžͷ籩ٱܹЮת͸ܽɱı塣
ƿط籩֮룬Ρɽʵӣȴӯڿա
ôӴ󣬿һգָһޱӯ鶯С
룬
֪˶꣬صķ籩ѸݣҲ籩硢쫷ֲ
δλڵսĶ֡
䣡
ն𣬼Ԧڶͷ籩ڴǺӲϳ룬ͻȻһȻ׹ء
ͬǣһʱΪ
Σȴܵǣ
´صһ˲䱩ٱڵص·ͻȻһ޴ޱȵĴʯʵ֮
о˲Ծ
һӰɵķ籩֮УͻȻһ֦Ƶ񳲣ɢŻϢ
˶ͫУ˾壬ʧ񣡡
ԣһɱǿվ޵̫ζʲôˣҲ֪ͲĶԹ
ǰĿȸѡڲ񣬲űնɱ
ʱ꣬䣬ȻҪչ
Լǲõı
񳲵ǣڼʱڣ֪֪׷ôãϵر¶ټ˲
ǣڵĲ񣬾ָʲôز
û㹻ԼǺӻɱ
Ǻǡ
صͻȻˬʵЦ
ЦһʱͷƤ飬ҲԥҪҪѽ´صƺ⡣
̫ʼ
ţ֪壬Ҳ֪̫ʼ۸ĹĴأʲô
´˿̵Ĳȴ½صȫ̫ʼ
ڵ̫ʼУĿǣ
νӯѸӳ֣Է籩ãޱǵڼͨдص̫ʼǰᱻȵ
ǣ̫ʼѾɹأĴط򣬼ܹһǳʱ
µǳ̫ʼ֮ܵǹɳأ֪ӴÿһѪĹͷںķ֮飬صĴţԽԽѿء
䣡
Աƽʱ༸ٱϷǺ͵سȥ
ѪķڣĿйΡɽͰ壬вѣ·оʹֻ࣬뾡ѽµĴء
ȻƤѵĴۣٴն翸ǧɽ
ŭֱϽ˵أҪǺӡ
ǺڣҲκǳأٶȳ룬Χ
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Ҳϰ㣬Ļͨȥ񡣡Ԩ̾һ֮ǰָ·Ψһĳ·



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ټڵ֮·ϣӦһЩ򡣵ȻԶԶҪһֱţֻҪһֱţһؽӽĵ֮ףϣǳڴ

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֪Ȼķ֮·ѾƲɵ᳤ģԺ󣬲ҪԷָ



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ն̨УͷʬѸɱѪܺӦѪ
ĽٶȣҲ˶Ķ࣬Զ̫ʼͷ
ʱԨ˴ݵҪ˵ն̨ڵĶ
̩̹һȳն̨п׼̫ʼͷ
ͷ̩̹ͬʱڣһǿһᷢʲô
뵽⣬Ԩˡ

ڰʧµĶѨ£Ժ
һɫ磬ޱͦεӣϰȻ֡
ϰԿķƣͭ޹ϵıƣưڶĵ¡
һĺڴ·ڽײ
ӢһּΪݵʣƺѿ͸̫ˡ
֮ģԴȥھ
һȻأźͳ˲ԨȲҪżģҪҪģҪٵһȡȵ
·뵽رȤ£ȺǺЦ˵˾ˣǼλ
ĲλͲɢԨѯʡ
ԣĲ飬λͲѣͲ͸
̫ʼ˵ͷ¶һǵͭ޹ϣͷǰӦͳһѶˣأһǲǺӵһˣûо쵽
Ҳ¡۳һ£죬ʶ뽫ָϲʱأԶֵɡ̴Ц죬ȴ֪
ѡ֣ԲϾɱֻǣһԸ񣬼ȻѾˣӦ֪ҲҪɱ𩡣ΪѾ鷳
ֹͻװ֪Ҳüλ
ʹˣҲùúԶ
ԣҪҪͼ֮һǱ˲ճϯλʱ֮ҪϯӦܶһϯ
һϯҪúĥĥҪܹ󻯣Ҹܽܡ̫ʼͭ޹ף˸ǻ۵ĹâƺѾѡˡ
λڿ˭棬øĬ
ˣڳɹԺڿ϶˶õô
̫ʼԨһĸо;ڲʲô£ʲôˡ
ͻȻ䣬֪Ϊεһ̫ʼûôˡ
Ϊ̫ʼȷһˣԸкܴĲ졣
Ĭrڵ꣬һ죬ȥŸ񣬴ϵΪŵδľ𣬲ġ
壬ս뺷ֵɣħ̴Ц졣
һֱΪıһֱｻ棬ģȴڵĺԶ
һҲһˣǾǰ̫ʼ
ĬrཻĪ棬ΪĬrһһпȥⷽ档
ɲҲãĬrҲãֵɺ̴ЦҲãȷʵҪôһˡ
ôһڣרעսܲò̫£ܾ߱ǿս
ҡԨſڣһʹȥ顣
̫ʼҡҡͷ֪ʲôɹ£㾡Լȥ룬˵ȣҲ㣬Ҳûô˽㡣Σʲô˵ˣǰ𵽻Ч
ȻѡҲѡҾͲƻˡ
˼ԣԨһ飬һһʮ˵Ԩʲô֪ˡ
ܣֱӵ̫ǰѹ
ΥԨԼĳԡ



һǧʮ 
ڣһڿյĹڣܼͼϯض
ΣǼ褵ıһ
ʦ棬ľ͡
ֹܼ
ǰļ褣һؽ̳ۣȫûκ鱦Ʒ׺Եˬˬһֿѵʡ
ϣҲȻɢһֲľ㣬ǳĺš
˸о˺䱸ģɽȪе硣
עˡ
΢ЦţܸܼܵǷĵΪеѹ
С㲻ġҺϵǺݲľҷʱ̣ҵλˣһܴ
ڰοܼ󣬡ǰأҵĴڶСȵֵɰǿ۷ߣ˵ʱҲṩһЩ
أȷóսҵԾ
εҡҡͷͻȻ֪ӯ磬ٴγѰʱҾҪλˡ
ܼһ𣺡
ǶˣԴ֮ȾۻˣѰڹ޾ǺӣһЩ棬ǺݱȲ˵ġݵĲľ飬ʱ򣬵һ취û
С
ڵļ褣ɽλã̾Ϣһ氲ػΪǺݵĲľ֮һԼоһͼƻңȥɽ
⻰һܼɫޱ䣬ǿö˿£
Ա˶ԣûô¡ֵɣ̴ЦļһնѰЦݿɬҾͲˡ
ʱ򣬴ܵѹƣпܱƻţһݵԴ硣
ӳ೾ʱ֮ʱͿռ䷽裬ѷɫȣһЩơҡ

Ұնöܼȵ
ЩοЦѰֻһԭ򣬻оǡȷʵеѾڵʱˡ
ܼһһʼѰơ
ǿʹоη֮ġ
ǿѾԴ֮ʴѾˡ
̴Ц˵ƺֿһϯλֻδ죬תΪλܼΪ룬ʦ棬ҲҪʱˣһϯλǻ¡
ҡҡͷѩ֪ڵδǻٳһϯߡ
һϯߣǴӺԶ˲ܼ𣬾Ѿġ
仰˵Ϊ򡡢ʱ֮λãʵȴǸܼλ
óλԶڽһа취ûҲᾡһпܵأܼȥٵߡ
ΪںԶУܼһϡ屦ֵɺ̴Ц졣
׼ʱϵ⡣
ܼһ£صͽڰɡ
ϵ֮أ
ö칬ӡ
һһĬ
һյĹ·ͻȻǣ˼ٴοڡ
ܼͷšһ
ѾܷѳŸˣ褾ȵ
ܼһЦֱӴüڣɳ˾ŵóһöö칬ӡפС
һöö칬ӡӯطţչֳʩչŲͬ
ˣɡ
ױһĲܼλϲľŮӣ΢Цŵ˵ͷȻͻȻһ䣬ûоãͽڵ콣Щ񣿡
ֱܼԣڵ콣󣬲֮ǰĽ֮һĥģ콣Ҫڶɺȥ߶˵ڷөʱԨһ֮ҲԦ˽󣬻Դش
ҲԵġ˵
ܼȻٴγĬˣһŵ˵ͷĬˡ
ȻʦǱҵġ㶼󲻵ҵ㣬磬һĶʱжô˷ܺ;ϲ
Ĵ̺ˣʦֻ·ˣȴĬĬأΪ㰲źһС
ö칬ӡӦڵľǷڵĵع
׼Ԧö칬ӡܼԦࡣڵĵҲ֪㼸ȫͨġĵ֮ڲ⣬ûκ֪ңҲֻǲ²⡭
ǽ˹ڵĻյоܻһڵģΪһֻ
Ҳ֪ܽʲô߶ȣܷγ·
Ҹоǽ㡭նߵͷ·ȥ졣
˵
ԶİţҲ͸ֻƾоȥ²⡣
ͨģĻ͹ڡڵЩƣȴһҵ·ߵͷԺ󣬾ʲôҲԼҲ˵ˣҲ޷Ԥϣֻ˵Ӧܳɹ
ܼôʣĹâ˵ЦҴӸʶԨ𣬾ȥ׽оϾͺСܣΪǵĴһЩƣֻϰԵأӲ¶ĻҲûκ֪
˵ɣᳶ
ܼǺһЦȷôġ
Ȼ֪ϾڵıλΪλǴġ褵Уһ˿֮ɫɵڣش㣬·
ԼԼ
ܼȻʦ棬벻Ҫô˵
Ҷλˣ˵ôˣΪݲô꣬úһ㣬ҾȻôˣҺΥңһϯλҲΪţΪ˺ݵĴ֣ûʲô
褻ۣĪ
꣡
һ죬ԺһͻȻ׹ڵأˤķ顣

ͻ޾ĽɫԣڱǷ뺣
տɫĺ棬ȫ˽ӲӵɫҲɫ
һ̣εصǿߣܵǱߵ䡣
Ҫˣ
һԴܣڣȻֱȥ
ǱԴܵǿңĶҲδ̫˰ɣ
Ϊ֮̾Ŀ
Ϊģܱڵĺգȫ˽Ӳӵɫ
˷ܣ׷Ϊۣ֮ڱ˻
໺
һ쳹ںݵÿһ䣬类нǧ飬죬ٴΰǿա
氲ͼ˪ķ֮·Ტۡ
˿̣˶ͻȻʶѺ壬ǺسͻȻⷽİ
ݵݵǿ֮Ա֪ϿɣҲΪ塣

̻ͨᡣ
ʯͣӺ;巵ˣƯڿյڣԶ
ǺԶƬɫʵ̫ҫˣ뿴С

಻ѣû뵽ķ·ȻƺƴԶǱܱȡ
̫ʼ㾡ȥ󣬶ҽڶҪ뿪
Ȼ䣬йڴ
ȻҲзʣ£ǻ£
¡



һǧʮ 
ɽ
ȿڵ氲챦ڷڵأΪһС
ԨˣСų⣬ȫ£վףעеһһ
ѾͷһԵλûȺͷ
üͷ΢壬֪褶ԺԶҲԹʣֻû취ˡ
һϯλôҲס氲̾һ
ʵȼ褴ܶ࣬Ϊɽߣͼ褽ӴԼ褵Ĺ۸һ򲻴
ҲΪݣҲǾľʲôë
Ϊ褸еϧ
ͷƽ
ɫ컢չһ۳ڣƬ·ޱ޼ʵĽɫԡ
ԼƼһͷУһƬƬ۲ţûŽɫ
ЩӵɫأеΪҲɵˡ
ԨͷһҲƼ·д۵ĽɫâҪӡ챦
Ϊš챦ڣ֪˿̵ɢݳϢжֲ
ͨĳ͸оķҪȼ˪öࡣ
ڣΧĽɫԣھ£
ͷӴĻƽڡ
ΪٶȣƺݵʷƬɫʧͽֱɱΪʮ񡣡
ΪпϾûն̨ѹûϵѹƣóˡ
Ҳá氲˵
Ԩһۡ
Ժ󣬽һʱݡں֮Ǻӣ壬أѰǧ־һһҪѪ֮ռĻƽ֮ͱ
氲ͣҲǺӣӳ೾Ѿڵˡӳ೾һ·һռܴͨڸǺӡ
⣬氲·ͻȻʲôɿ񣬡̴Ц̽򣬿ٵһϯµλǲǻΪ򡣬ڶʱɣ
һ£ͷԼ󡣡
ΪΣ컢ѯʡ
򡣬һ˹ңնɱȻĻƽ֮ѪԼһɫϾǺе·ϣܲҲһЩط޵С
Уһ⡣
һǴ׵ĸܶܲ
ǺԺ᳤ĴڣѪ֪УǻᷢĻ棬ȫԸӦ
ӳ೾·ЩϢߣһûطء
ֻҪоָӳ೾ܴȥЩϢܹͨʳߣֻܵ

컢ɫ΢䡣
ڴ֮ǰ֪ǿеᱻ˱Ϊһ⡣
Ҳ󲻵Ľڽ򡣬Ȼôֲ
һ񣬺⣬кϢߣȻȫΪ
ɱɱȫֻ顣
̴Ц֮ǰڰ򣬻˼ͰΧǱߣӦò뿴Ҹо˼ţͻȻҸоʱ򣬿˼Ͱ岻֡
ħ񱴶̹˹棬Ϊ˾ݵԴ֮ţԴ֮ʳݣҲӳ೾
УĿǰ֪ģΨһһɱĴڡ
ֻͻƵǿ̬ԾĻƽء
򡣬á
ԳͻȻһ𣬲Խؿգ뵽һܣȴû˵
˵ǡ
ķƺеͷۣ̹˹Ӧú⿴
뵽̹˹ûķʽӰźݵľƣ
ӳ೾úĳ񣬱ûдħİţ
ͷԳﶼûôη壬ɶĴħ񱴶̹˹ĸе־壬ȫ޷󱴶̹˹жǿ
ǿȫʢʱڵնߣǿ״̬ҪȥԿΡڡ
ħ񱴶̹˹ϵǿߣԶʱڵͷƽǺһֱڶܵģôһࡣ
ƫƫɱƽĴħ񣬾ͷܣֱײ
ֱ̫ս˻ƽֱƷԺݵİͳΡ
֧֧ᣬ˵ʲô氲
ħ񱴶̹˹ǿƽֵģΪҲ⿴
û˵ķ񣬱Ҳдħ񱴶̹˹Ӱӡ
˵ԶҲڻȻʱħ񱴶̹˹¡
Ϊȫ˵⵱ʵڳеǿڣ뵽ħ񱴶̹˹ʱĶӰ
Ҳڴ˿̡
˽µĳУƬƬĽɫԣȻƱͻȻ£ڲ
Ӵ򡣬ڸ߿ҡĽɫɽҡţȥ
еķâδٽݵĽĻѱӡѪĵ͸
һ˻ƿ񷣬һɫӣѳ⡣
Ǳߣһͷͷľգ˻ڻȥҲڴţԸǿ̬
Ҳδ̫˰ɡ
ħڵ󣬴Ŀоһ㡣
һõ褵ıԴܣûֹ£˲俪˷֮·
ı仯Ÿոս˼仰Ȼֱӷɹ
˵ΪʮǳԷˮ򵥡
ۼ˪룬ڴλӡڡ
򡣬ƺͲҪЩ
ǵԴܣĵǣͱһѶȶû

һž޴ĻƣɺɫɫɫɫȵȼյɣݲúͻȻԽ˺ݽڣ˽
Ļƣ氲컢
ʱҲûֻͬųĬ
Ԩ̧ͷ˿ᵽζܳڶζȻҲ֪ʲô
Ѿˡ
⣬ϵһźݱԴ
ڴ˵Уһֵصũ񣬽ŲȻأϾʱưܵ߷ǰĻϼ
ֱ죬ŻϼͻȻ׹䣬Ȼ߳һȼŵӡ
ӽߣ쵽ԪڣʼطտŵĻƴ
ǻģɣǰԪС
澲ؿ𩣬ûǸʸ񣬷ϲ·
յõˣ쵽Ԫڲú󣬱ʡ
һأ˽Ԫ
ƥͺúҪû£
Ȼ𣬵ŻƿڴҲ޷Ĭ
־ͽлƵԪںݵշһӺͻȻǬ½ĳ۹ȥ
Ȼڳ۹ڣһʵİɽ塣
ƹŵĺݱԴܣ˲ع¡
ƣȴЯ֪ʶ·£Żһ뵽һڡ
ˣȻۣǳ۹ĵ
ǰܲԕFԣΪ
Ǿʵֵܡ



һǧʮ 
⡣
ͭ޹֮ϵ̫ʼüһͻȻˡ
Уͳ˲ͣԨСΪʨ룬ɫһô죿
ͷĳˣԵ޶ԡ
Ŀ⣬ȻϣоڣܲɼѪԽԽ١
Ѫʸɾһβʣˡ
ԸɱڣȻû
Ķ̫󣬳˵ϣԶӦҲŵˡ
̫ʼڴ˵أȴͨݵĹ̻ͨϢ֪ڹʲô˳ǣϾԶʱڣԶûмķ󡣡
Զʶһƽǿֵ̬ɼ̴Ц죬Ҳδؾܽɱȴ˵һĬr򡼴ǿսֻҪںڲҲնɱ򡡣
̫ʼüͷ
ʱô˵ĳˣͻȻ䲻һ䣺ټһλͨߣںڲȷɱع򡡣
һ̫ʼݳɬ˵ܣǿ϶ˡ
ǰĲ񣬺ͺݵﱾС
˫ν֪֪ףȻô˵ˣӦþʹˡ
ֵɺ̴Ц죬ҲܵĿֲԣ֮µ𩣬Զ˵ˣҲѡλ̫ʼ̫ѨͻȻԵЩͷۣǸӲ̫õĽֱ֮ӴӺǺ룬ݷ켣
ƺǳˡ
̫ʼ뵽ֵɵ˵ƢԣЩ׼
⣿Ԩ
褣𩣬ȺλӦüŭԶȰ̴Цˣֹ˶Χ֮£ֱ⣬ӦҪɱ롣̫ʼɫ졣
ûκ뽫ԨȻ
Ӧû˵̫ʼ˵ͷΪԶ֪ͻ𩡣ֻҪ˵Ϊ˾ݵԴ֮ţԶֻ褺𩣬롭ֻܴӳ顣
˵һ£ҪԨˣʵֵҲ֪£ô׼׷ɱ룿
ΪĽڻڸ򡣡̫ʼ͡
棬ΰţԨʡ
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ѾڻȴǹɱԴܳϯλ
㣬֮ģаѪܣԳھ
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䲻ϲȻһֱţĽڽǳնɱҾ֪ϲ鲻ϲǷǳս
Сһɹܱǿ
ԣݵЩ壬⣬ֻҪ㹻ǿþ޴桭ġ
Ʃ񡣡
ɱĹ壬ֻǿ壬ĹȻòûĵĻǿܸΪɹ۵ѪܣҲǿ̵ġ
ȻҪͶУǾˡ
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Ůʱһ

ݡ
۹ú󣬺ԶӰһδƵ߳
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ܻд⣬һ˳۹λ۵ɱѻҲϣһ𽻸ܲԕF
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ȻλۣܲԕFĴ֮УȻԪˣûܿ
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Ҿ֣
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Ҳ
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ŻƵ룬𩽫·£˽طۣλ۹Ĵۣ˺ϵĿܡ
Զᰲõ֮λ֮ͽפԪڡ
δܲԕF·ϣǿĶ֡
㶼ô˵ˣֻˡӲͷƤӦڵħ֣Զۿɱȣ˻ƣҲδӮУҲ֪ģǰڳ۹ʱҲԹʦݿ
սģڡ
仰һҵ⣬͸ɽĽڣֱ⡣
ֵɺ̴Цδ飬褡λ֪ⳡӰԶᣬʵβˡ
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Ҳ棬һЩˣʲô
Ǿɡһᴫ磬ӳ೾غݡԶ̾һ氲˵Ҳи׼ӳ೾Ժ󣬵һҪģǱԴ֮šӣҪտ
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һҲտֲҲڹؼʱ̵ΰ𩻯ΪģٵԪڵλҲŪġ
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ָоأľһûʵĳǱȴΪҪЩľȥģֻýȻƵ
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ƵХһɽͲ֪ˡ
º̸Ĭr֪ԨһҲƮȻȥ
С̴Ц졣Ԩȡ
šĬrɽ
һֻʣ氲Ԩ컢ͻ
Ҳˡ
ɫ컢ˣˣҲˣԳؾһ񣬾ͷҲصطˡ
ؼʱ̣ԳᶨվԣάҪ顣
ֵɣ̴Ц죬뿪Ī״ЩһӦòˡԳһЦ֪Ƶ뿪ʱζˣź⣬һء⻰˵Գ΢
ԨӰҲ֮΢΢ᵴ
Ǽ䣬һĻĻ䣬ڳֳ΢СĹ˸뵽
ϵɽ챦ֵ氲ͻ־
ڴ˵أԨᵴڣƼ˼ĻһŵĻ桭
Ǻӣ̬ɫҲӰ˴ѷ£ֵͭ޹ס
һ̣ԨıЯն̨֮ģڻѨ
һعݣͱ˲ؽϵںⲿ£Ȼӡ
氲Ϊ˷ףֳ֡챦һЩ
֮ģոڻ֣ΪǷ׵Ļ񣬶ʱҲһʱ쵽ˡ
ǣ氲ͻ񣬶µʲô
Ҳˣ



һǧʮ λĸ
ôģ
ɴۣԨɽץ޲عƬ
氲㣬ԨԺڣһЩ档
ƿصĴڣԨıЯ֮ĳ֡
Ȼ֪룬ӦǱɱ
˿̽ںݴ磬һλص⡣
ƾһ̫ʼΪɱ룬Ԩ֮Ĵء
λͨŮʱ¡氲һԨظ˻ҲˣҪ񡣡

üͷͻȻһĴȣϻ˵ɡ
ǰ̻ͨ󣬾Ҳû뿪μᣬºͷĥʲôҾûȥ٣ٺ٣ԳЦۣԽԨԽ˳ۣһϯλ׼
̫ʼŵġԨ̹Ȼ
һ̫ʼһ񣡸ɵƯ
Գ㵸ǿҰɫʯϣһ͵վͻȻһں̡
ͻȻһױܣѿɽĲã
ȻҵĴô˭Ҳķ֮·
һ˻Գֳԭʼ࣬ǧɵĻɫԳ廹Ҫ߳һء
һİƣֻƮͫ˽Ļ
̤ɽͷ­ͻʵԳֿ죬һŷİС
ɽõ֮λӼ𣬴󽫱գھ;żĴҲ̤㡣

źǺӣһ˲ɽع

ͨĽӴ£ˮٶȼӿ죬Ũˮ֮ܣͨһĽӺʼۡ
۹ڡ
Ƶ£׼ɽĺԶڽںȻɫ
ಣ
Զ߳һסƵ죬ڰɫɽۣԸӦһ
ڵصԼλٽƵоȥγɵһɱԴܣȻǸִܵΨлȡλǿԸ֪ء
֣ǹΪӳ೾ıԴûԶһ
Ȼſʼݣʼȥ˼
˭ôɱ룿
ֵ֪ɡ
ֵûôҵ룬ҵˣҲҪһʱ䣬пնɱ롣
֣
ǰŸôһ³Ρ
ںǿɽֵɡ̴Цһڲֵ£ȥ
ֻ
κ󣬺Զһд𰸡
ڳ۹תӣ½أӦ͹Ϣڣһ̫ʼô׻ɱ룿ټһλĴڣҶ˺⡭
ԶֹһʲôҲûݳһС
ڵı̫ʼĲ֣Ĳ룬·ȫˡ


ӡѨ߳ԺԨһ峺ĺ˻ھĽء
Ԩǵõġ
һСڲѪܣȴûκ˥ߵɫ࣬ϰСԨǰ
Ŀȣأȴһԡ
εն̨ԨѨڻԷһˣ֮ġ
ۣ
һСն̨֮ĵǣϸܵѪȻ˲顣
һֵѪ˷籩ĺҲû֧̫ãͬѿ
ִԵѪ񾧣ԺʱصϢ
Ĺ󣬴ӹ̬񾧣ĿʼҺ̬
κʱԨĬrһĬrʹһϯλɫϪٿǰı仯֪ʲôˡ
λҲڴڣΪѪ񾧵ĺݱԴܡ
ڴ˿̡
ԨͻȻоն̨ڵͷ̩̹Ͻɫڣ͵͵˻
˻УһּȿηС
ƺȿʲôȴ֪ڵ㣬ûгʱܲס
ĺն̨ҲֻԨ
һŲ֪
лˡ
̬֮˲仯ΪһɫߣȻĺ
ڣɫͫưҫŹĻ硣
ͻȻ͸оûпʼûĺȻѾӺݵĸˮȥȱˮ֮ˡ
ͬʱ˻ͶԴ档
һģ̺ݱԴɫϪӣ֮ڣѵѪγɣӯش֮ķɳ
ն̨֮ģڵĺƵѪȻû
̺ݱԴϪӣ֮뿪Ԩܵ޵ʧ䡭
ζţĲ֮ģͷİܡ
ǺݵıԴܡ
ղˣʱղˣǳ˿һֵġ
Ԩüͷ˼
λݴ磬һֱıԴܣʲô
Ϊô
Ԩ
Գ̬ĻһһСֱԡ
ŴһϯλĴϪӣ֮뿪󣬻ʵûĺԳһЦ˸߲ҵԨļ
ԨһĴģֱӳڵ¡
˼е㼤ˡ
ԳЦ֪ȥнһϯλЦ棬еƲסԼ
һڴصԨɫء
ĴԵʧأӿֵǹɲԨĸоУȴΪĿš
ĴںһЩɽɽͺȻضѡ
⻹ǻ֮١
һ£֮ģǺӱն̴̨ںݵıԴܣȥδӣԨѯʡ
عݡ
վںԣ峺ϪӣЦݲõ˵˴ħ񱴶̹˹ûܴݻٺݵıԴܡҲֻǴݻ٣ȴ޷ڡ
ݵıԴֻгԺݵﵽ˳λĸ߶ȣһںڲȥ
ԣ⣬ɱԴܣҲܺݵǣлع顣
ȻٶȻ̹˹;ɱҲȷֱܽӻȥ
ԳȻ֪λͱԴ£ھ͵顣
ôݵıԴܣʲôֵںδԨʡ
ԳŤͷߴӺڵƿԨϣںδٻһϯλбԴߣģظоһʲôֻܿ²⣬ΪǶԭڵĵط
ԭںݺεأԨ
ں֮ģֲĵ֮סе壬ĴޣûһԽ֮ףִ֮ܵġȻûִܵûֱ۵ؿҲͲ֪γɵˡ
ǺЦֻܿ£γɵģΪλΪôء
Ŷԡ
Գһͷ·뵽ʲôն̨˵ϣֻնߣԴ̬Խ֮ףпֱ۵أأγɺݱԴܵĶ
δϹ



һǧʮ ֮
һϯλıԴܣ峺ĺԺ󣬶ʱǣ
ԨܿǹصıԴܣľȥ
̩̹ޣ򽥽ͷų;
նߡ
Ԩоģļ䣬ȴѹţҫ
ģ䣬ƺͺλԴأ·ǼΪҪ֮¡
Գ˵ɵһԼԴֱ̬֮۵ؿǶ
ʱɫ֮ģһɱԴܷ룬ն̨ȥ
ն̨ڲ͵ȺԨĿԴ
Ҳͷ֮ģҪն̨ڲڣ̺İѪû
ֵǡ
֮ڣŨѪ⾫һϸѪ
ն̨µһ̣籩Ѫըѱ飬ӡڵģѪͨҲ֮
λһѣ֮Ҳһʧ
е㷴
ΪֵһնɱɯʱһεΰľѪڣɯ֮
Ԩܸ֮ģ⣬ʩչ֮ͨ
Ը⣬ɯѪΪһλҹˡ
֮УôŵڶѪȴλѣҲȫըˡ
̡
Ĩˡ
һͫĻȻںǺܵڣķ籩ʱҲͽģЯģѪһĨˡ
ԣõ֮ģֻŨѪܣκѪ򡣡
ڴ󣬶ǺݱĵطȻĻ֮ڵѪܣҲŪն̨ɡ
飬ֵ֮ģ̺籩񾧵ǹɱԴܣкѪ֮ѪصĶֱĨ롣
֮ںݴ磬Ѫ֮ҹģȥָԤ
ԽΪǺݵһһ㡣
˵ϣҲ˼ֿɬΡ
ûʢڣӱǿߣƷͳԺ󣬲ųɾ͵ĸ֪࣬ڱ߸֪ġ
ʱҲԸﵽǺӡ
ˣʼչʱҾֵط֣ﵽǺӵңڵѪܾȻڷʧ
֪ʲô𣿡
ԳŭݣôһкѪ⾫ܣȻֱӳ룡ҾǴһ𣬲ʶУҲãҲãҲãĿܡ
ǣҺͳڴֻҪڴû취ŲҵѪܡ
һԨԺݵһ֪
ںݣͬԴͷԴѪ½ȻֱĨ֮ӡѪ
ڴɫڣӿѪܣҲܻᱻߡ
뿪ƬĴĴڱ𴦣ͬᱻǿȡѪ⾫ܡ
Ԩĸоеħ׿ѪūԴʱƺҲҪʱֱӳ밲Ѫ֮Ϊá
ͬǣħ׿ѪūȫԼǺ˼롣
񣬻ȥȻܷˣȴҵʶȥЩ׼
ǳͷβū۵Ѫܡ
룬׻ֻҪǺݵ飬Ѫ⾫㹻ŨҪʱΣʱҲܳѪܣԨȻ
š
˵ʱ򣬾ú̩̹ĺᣬ簲ģ簲ǰѾߣļһĺѪ⾫ŨߣҪǿȡѪܵġ
ĻΪȽ⣬ƺ˲ִħѪܣֻ˵ϣ컢ĴŻͰǿߣڵѪԽǿǣҲԽ󡣡
ĿֲںݵԣⷽѪ֮ѹƣԨΪ֮𺳡
ԨҲͻȻʶһרע֮ͻȥɱأҪﱬҳͻ

⣬ҫϡ
ޡˮ֮ԴȻزס̾Ϣ
Ⱥһ£
һйˣڽ޽¥˰죬Ҳû˵һ仰
û뵽㣬Ȼгߵ˼
ֵأǰλɢڵĴɣ츳ôãЩŬһ㣬δûнھڵĿܡһΪ֪ǽڣֻϯλԼء
Ҿٲ⣬Ҳϣ˸ۣһǳûϣˡ
ͬߵˮˣ·Ͷˡ
ܿĵŹ֡
ֲԪվҲǻġ䰲οһ䡣
ȰңҲ˵ɣĲһõ̸ͣ˵ҵòһϯλҲİ
Уֲǲ֪Ƿ񣬲ȻļϣȲ塣ھܻǧ겻ˣΪżʱϵȳ仹һأ궼
ĵùȻҶ֪˶ٻˣ
ԽԽѹ
徳ͻƵȷ죬ⷽԣ䣬Ȼ򾳽õ޷ʹȡ
Ҫôһ㲻Ȼʹھ۷壬氲ǰ㣬Ҳ
ȴͬżûսɡ
Ժܶٶ꣬䲻ûǿ˵ȴǿ
ԣˣȻһϣû
ҪҲ·Կ⡣
·ô򵥣㻻ģغݣȺɣ̼𣿡仰ֱ³Ѫ
ҴˮҪ·ҲѰ·ˮ֮仯޷Ǳѵɱʦ㣬ȡ·ɣ
û壡
뿪ǰλ֮ӲǸ˳ȥ
Ҳκηϻ

׶̡
Ƴɫө棬ɽȣۣŹƳڣ׹ͳںϣ仯
ţǰĹƳҪҪŪһԱߵĲκ

ĬrƮȻǰͣ£ŷĹƳ棬иܵڵɵ㵹ûš
ϣⲻǺʷһλĬr𣿡
бһۣ䳰ȷôͷݹˣӦ죬ȥ־֮ذݷŶҪȻȥͶȥϽĿ־֮أµĹͨͨڣҼһ棿
ӣôĿ̱ĬrĮޱϲ
ϰˣһӰ첻
ҲƤϽϾֱ˵£ɱģһϯλǣһİհšλҲҪҵ֮Ƚɡ
棬ҪΪıλҪңǹ¹ֻ͡ǶԺдڵ壬ԶλŻλϵ֧֡
ҵ뷨ǣȻԴ֮Ǻݵз֮ʹǿԴⷽ֡
Ĭr뷨
һ£˵Դ֮ţº



һǧʮ 
ʵ˵ͨڵľĸܡ
ϲ鲻鼥ɶǰսѣһΣɡ
Ĭr꣬ü˼һͻȻҿʶ
Ŷ
һͷǰſ˶ҵз
üĴһָ׸ǴСҲȻ֡
ϸ·һ顣
ĬrҰɫһָͷüģ͸ССȻֱ
ΪݿһλߣĬrԴͷĴˣſԺ׿صܡ
ݣݣ
Ĭrָͷڣɳİ׵⣬ʶչ
ļ䣬ĻеĵһЩƣྭѪ̵֪ʶĬrǰչ֣һ㶼û
ҲΨĬrǰٷְΣô
ûг̫á
ĬrһָͷջأĮϣ¶غ󣬡֣ȱʧľȻⲿ֡
Ĭrֹţ׷ʣٴοڣλݵıԴܣ֮װ֪٣
ãȻҡҡͷһ㲻
ǾͶˡ
ĬrһĹѣ˵ȱһǡȱʧһǣͲҸոЩ⡣أߣӵйһϯλԣתⷽļ䣬Ȼӡڡ
Ǻӣһѵһ̣ⲿֵļҲ֮
һϯλȷеظ֪ǶУҲ˵Ƕİȴ˵ûκӡ󡣡
Ĭrƶ˵㱻ǲȶԴ֮ţһСƬصľⷽļ䡣
ǰ룬ӡһ䡣
ԣǰ룬ӡĬr
첻ˣΪ֮һȻߵ
ӡĻֻǽһּӡߡ
ʵûʵϵӰ˺ģֻǱ˸ӡ˼䡣
ɰ룬ȫͬ
ΪһĻ
룬ǽ˻һС˺ζڵǲġ
ȱʲôʶ֮λ
ǰȱʧһС꣬ҿҲû취ڵĻа취޲һǶȱʧļ䡣
Ĭr͸Ž΢΢ͷ·˿־֮أǻȽ鷳ҲҪķҲٵõģҲܸ㣬Դ֮һұ֤첹òȱ
ұ֤Ӱ쵽Դ˳λ
ĬrȴĹǣü˼
氲кԶԨĿУʶԴ֮񡱵Ŀֲ
һλԭԨǿޱȣͨ˿ռࡣ
࣬Ȼ쾭ǸδȶġԴ֮šʱİⲿֵĲл䡣
ҪȫΣȻ˵¡
ҲӲܣԼʶڣطġ
Ͳ֪챻һлڲŵܣǺͺݵλԴܣе֮Ķء
̽ݵصףλɣԴ֮Ҫģǡ
ĬrͻȻʶԡ
һ̣Կ־֮׵ֱǿйͨء
һλ˵Ĭr죬ҪݷһλУλͨռ֮飬һҲҪ½ء
Լͼ
ڣֺ׳Ĺһ˵ԺΪڴʲô
ţ̫ʼЩţʲô⡭
΢ͻȻĬrķԸǵһʱ㱨
յ棬ڴسԵͣһʯڣӰӣ˵ͷǺܻӭ

һˡ
Ԩ񣬳Ⱥҩ񵺣骣ѩڶྫͨҩҩʦһá
ԭƶǸƻƽС
ЩϵģʮΪ粻㣬ȴҩհӵܣԨ·𿴵ǰһԼ
Ǳߣڶ෱ïɭ֣ǳʺҩݵֲ
аˣ¶ϡ
ټЩ粻㣬ȴֲҩľͨҩʦԨҪ˶ãͻؿ
滨ݣֲľӿ
ҩݣߵȽ׵ģᱻǧ磬Ūغݴ磬ҩʦƷʵĵ衣
λ׼ˣȥͨ쵺Ȼǰ󡣡
ҩ񵺣ڴЩЩˣİš
ͻȻӲԶԪӦ쳣
ֱӹȥͺãҶźˣ⡣ǺڲǺӣǶܳͨ衣
æ仰ƮȻֱԪȥ
ݣԨ
Ԫߣֵɫ΢䡣
Ī״֪ڣԨȡ
һλڵߣôһ˵ɫӵص˵ͷ̾һ˵
ϣǰֺڼΪڵЩߣݻҰ
ǿԨҲЩ
ˣ𩲻ǰҲ⡰ս䲻Ļȴ֪ԪѾձɽ
ûǿΪڵԪڣԺ󽫻ʲôǶ
ĻʱԨһƮڵһʱ䣬ǵΧ
ڡ
һһ棬ԨʸǳˣǱԶģ
ζʲô
ǣϵԪڴޣֻĿԨڴ˵ǰ·һɽ塣
ɽײ
ϰף㡭
ԨһֻһĪ״ˡ
Ī״ɽ뿪ڣʵҲûй̫á
ɾô̵ʱ䣬Ī״ڣѿ˾ŸصĿ
Ī״ٵľŸѨϣ̲̫ǾŸѨУ˾ŸѪĪ״µ︽ϵѪ
Ī״ʶڣأһźСġꡣ
Ϊ磬ɱ䣬ͳ
ʶ˵飬ǰµĺ֣ٴθ֡
Ҫִھ۷Ī״ڶ̶ʱڣΪһξߡ
û񣬳һλξߵĪ״Ԫڶԣµجġ
ҵڵ֮׵ıأѱΪҽ
ŵĪ״̧ͷϾûбˣƽ˾ù졣
ûͺãûͺáҰлĻӦøסϰףȻ֪УҲԹˣ·˰ɣԨȰ˵

Ī״ҡͷûη壬Ȼᶨһͷˡٴ񣬻ԵػȥεĲҰܣΪĲϣȫ̫Ľᾧ͵֮Գͻ
㻹˰ɡԨЦ
ȥɣѾ˭ȰҲûáĪ״ˡ
ʲôط԰𣿡Ԩѯʡ
Ī״˵ûУһſڣȴͣסˡ
Ȼ룬ŵͷ˵еġ



һǧʮ ڱ
Ī״˵ͷ˵˾䡰еġȻü˼
ԨȻصȴţ˵Ļ
ɰȥˣĪ״Ȼڳ˼
Ĺϵ̫
ʵڵȵĲˣԨ񣬲˵УԪڶˣҰЩ飬ԶӦҲʲô
ˣҲںԶȰ˵£ȥλ
Զôؾ󣬻ǰ۹ľٶ˵ĴεĺͷһΪԪڻ
£ϰ岻Ī״Լ
ԨΪĪ״ڹ˫ĵжӪ
Ҳǿֻҵ˼еңҺȻǲһЩˡ
Ī״ɫҡҡͷƺҪе˦ߣˣʦصĶԽԽģǣҵűճɻҽҪ
ʱСľŸѪʡ
ȡһƿ裬Ԩ£еҩܿĻָơ
ʦԨȻ
ҩڣһελĪ״һ䣬Ҹո˵£еϵҷҶӡƺԽԽģˡ
һԨҲЩ㶡
ҲͻȻ֣սĿ쭣ӳ೾ѣǰλʦӡҲΪģ
ƺǻʶغԹȥʦ롣
ӳ೾ӡ骵ӡҲΪгҢޫhˣһҲ̡
Ψ뵽ʦʱԺоȻǼ棬󲿷ּ类ڡ
ǰûϸĪ״ôһ˵˼
ǰʦһֱذмӣҩ֪ʶ
УĸоϣʦƺȽƫԼӳ೾رϲ
ǰĵ¯棬ܲøҿĪ״Ҫ
棿
ԨŹֵؿĪ״Ʒףûдﵽ켶ҲûڣֻһôͻȻˣ
˵ʱԨʹеıϵϡ
˿̣ն̨ڣ֮ġ
ɢںԣںˮڣˮ֮һɱԴܣѪ񾧡
ݻ˵֮ģһ뿪˴󣬻ᱻ˲䶢ϣ֮Ķ䡣
ԣͰֵַشڴ󣬵Ƚ֮Ժٳȥ
ұǬڣҵı˿ڻ뿴Ұһ̻Σ͹ǡԨ˵
ŵĪ״ͻȻվȻˣν棬ֱ͵ҩڰɡҰһ£ֱͨ쵺󷨣ȥ̻ͨıȻֱȥҩڵĵػɽ
ػɽԨһ
һԪΪҵͨ˲ԶľĺԨǱ롣ҵڵ֮׵ıأͱճ˻ҽҷ֣ӵػɽǶӿһЩģȴе֮׵Ļ档
Ī״͡
ҷµ־ݣҩĵػɽӿֵĵĻŨҡҩڣһطǳħڡҲȥħڣֻȥҩڣҩڶ˵Ҳȷõѡ񡣡
˵ʱ䵽ξĪ״ͺԨһͨ쵺ȥ
һߡ
̻ͨӪΣõ󣬾ʹ̻ͨǰ
ִ󣬺ܿͼԨı壬õĪ״Ҫĵ¯桱

ʱ
ҩڵĵػɽڣһֹͣ籡׵ɽײԨĪ״ˣһվڳɫĻɽʯϡ
ಣ
ƮȻ桱ȡǰ
Ī״һĻأһĪɽ
Ī״޶ԡ
Ҳ⣬֪ԸˣѯԨʲôû
Ԩҡҡͷˡ
Сһ׮
ֺΣǺһЦ֪Ī״Ҫ̸ʶȤٴηߡ
ԨĿ⣬֮˵¯ϡ
ʺ«״ġ桱פأڵ¯ϣ̻ȸ롢˵ȵϹ޵ͼצ
¯ڱڣȴĻУӿֵȼš
Ī״ڡ桱ʱҲûһۣڵЩͼԵúȤ
뿪㲻ԥͻȻڿնֱڵ¯ڲ
ĿͣڱϣЩζ֪ĻС
Ī״ͫȻҫĹâЩ١
Ԩյ񣬱쳣Ū֣ϰףڱڵЩУʲôɣ
Ī״ûȻЩУеע·𶼼档
һӺ
Ī״·˴ľ񣬾ȻЩأӡ桱ͷ·ɳ
ĿϢһСᣬٴۣȻ˵ⵤ¯ڵ˵Ӧûʲôˣ͸Ұɡ
Ԩһ
ʶĪ״ôãδԼҪκζ
桱Ϊ˵ûڣƷ켶ﲻ;ǲɼ֮
조桱Ϊǰ޷ʦӳ೾㣬
ԣֻ桱ֻܴӵػɽĻɽڣӿػȥЩĳɵ
ԣԭ򡣡Ԩ
̻ڱڵĻУ֮׵ҵӴ֮ױʱѸٱȼճɻҽңҲ˿˵ػڵصȼʱ̬
֮ףڴȼյķʽҾϤҾãƺӦʲôطȥŷ֡
Ī״̧ͷԨ۾ʱ
Ԩ裬ֹһεأۿԨȥƵ衣
ǰ档
ԨӰ΢
ڵҵЩ͵֮صط³̶ȾԶڱڿ̻ЩСΪʱṳ̂·֪֮׵ʽĪ״ı飬˵Ĺ졣
Уſһ㣬֮ȼյĹ켣ͷʽ
ĵ¯ڱУȴ̻Ŷֶĵػȼ̬˵ȥ棬ӦûҪУܿôĵػ仯
ͣһ£Ī״ٵܸҽһ£ôһ𣿡
ͬһʱ䡣
Ԩڻı壬Ȼһ𣬲ɿԶںԵԳ
ݻ˵ϣֻǿޱȵĵһϣ֮ףܽӴغ֮ĵ֮
һԼѵȥ
оǡ
ԣ
Ԩһ˵Ҽǵã죬Ǳ߲ûг١
˵¯ʦҴģڵĸ޵ΪڲĻУƺӡϵġ
ⷽļ䣬Եúģо϶·޷ᡣ
Ҽǵãʦ粢ڡ˵̫ܲ˸ĵػءУΪûִ֮ߣ̲˶ĵػȼշʽʦľ硭
Ī״ҡҡͷȻԨǰǸʦӵеִ֮׵
ˡԨȡ
ûʳ𰸵Ī״һ˴𰸣һҽ棬ҩڵĵػɽٴ񡣻У㲻Ļھĺϵ֮أǵػɽ
Ԩһļٵģ
ҸоҪԵ֮׽ߣѡϵػɽõѡ񡣡Ī״˵
Ԫڵˣϵҩڵĵػɽô˵Ԩ
Ī״ô
˺ˣһ㶨ԨһΡ



һǧʮһ ´ң
Ī״õˡ桱ѡڵػɽޣ
ԨڴˣУԨֱ
ԨϾ£ƾն̨ϵӼ½ĵػɽ˲ڵն̨
ĺڣԼѪ񾧣һԻ
ع鱾Ԩĥţ¯桱ڱڣӡŵĺ͵֮صİʦ¡
ϧԽԽüģʼҲ𰸡
ʱҴңӭѵõƽδ粨
Ԩ񣬻ն̨ڣһ֮ģһ߸У˼ĺϵ֮·
졣
󡱳ź̵Գɫصؿ񷣬Ȼһ
Ԩ˸Ӧɻؿôˣ
ǺУȻͼŲҵԳüͷһ֪ҼȻƬͲŲҵΪλҪ
ԨҲ֣ǺӣͻȻҪŲ
ӲùȻ֪òƫҪԣ֪
ͬʱн˲ԤУ϶ʲô飡ܸоǶҵô򣬿ҪôʲôУǸսҪѵмҵս
ҼǵãѾܾúܾãûҪŲĶˡ
ԨǺӣһʲô鷢ˣ̻ͨᣬڵ˴һ¡һ䣬Գƾʧ
պ
ѱֻ֮ףֻħԨͻȻУըѵͬʱҲɢٴγֺ󣬴˼ϢУֻ׺һֲҵһЩҲ׷
ʱһۺڵ
ڴֻ֮һҲǺҲѡԳɫ
˭Ԩ𾪵
ֻ֮Щİ׺ףѾǻʵľż
ȸĸһǼΪ׺Ĵˡ
֮ףмͷĴĪرУʵǺš
ؼ䣬ܹƲúݴģֻ
ԳˣƬڲ˼;żĴ٣׹ʱҲд⡣
ڣĿǰĴڴ뿪Ҳںݻ
Ȼ
ѵ㣬Ը⣬ĴɱԨʵ
ҵĸоܲáҡҡͷȴû͡
֪ر»ﱩߡ
һߡ
ϣֻҵĴе

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ԳȻɫԭҪɱ̫ʼ
Ԩ͵һ𣬡ôܣôô죬ҵ̫ʼλŮʱأڲֳ
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ԨɫͻȻѿ
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ͭ޹ڵĶȴ̩̹һͷޣ׼조ºݼƻҲ׼ڽԸݸߵġ
صҪԸľ
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Ԩйأͭ޹ڣײʲôеҲء
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ֻǰߺԶúԶ𩡣
ֵɣһ仰û˵ǿβȥ
ȻĽ͡
ԨǿԼ侲ϸһ룬֪ǰݳȥѶӦǱ֪ˡ
ûӦȴڵһʱˣֵɡ̴ЦĲ
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Ӧ֪֪ϹȥҲ
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Ѫ̫ʼͭ޹ףͷ޲ʳʱԾһķꡣ
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̫ʼͳ˷ֵԺգѡ˽ɱ̫ʼ
̫ʼ˶ˣ̩̹ޣҲ˶ʧ
һǧ磡
ԨվʹȥڣͰͨġѨҪȥ̫ʼ״Ҫ֪С
ȱȥ
ظϽס˵ˣʱڴ󣬾Ҫ뿪ǷˣĴɱ¾ġ
ҡҡͷҲ֡
뿪󣡡
˲ӹסļ򣬽ٴ£ҵĴ󣬾ȫģ֮ʲô鶼óҪģǾͻƵھ
Ҳ˵ԨԳذסá

־֮صɭ֡
λļ褣һλͷҰ׵ϸˣһþ£ŵĳˣǴӴ˵سֵġ
ڵ֮һ֪ǰһѨҲĬrڴ˷֡
ԼԶ˵ġѰûжǰͲϵǳܡ
֪֯Ѩ֦ܾġѰ
Ϊݲľ֮ԡѰȻоη֮ģλԺǷϵ
ʵҲûʲôʵϵĴ뷨ֻǹɢɢĶѡ
Ȼ䣬һ쳣ѹĸо
ŶһôоǴ·ڳЦ
ͨĴƺһػ˹ɲ
ôãȻأǿǿ类Ȼעа
Ȼ󣬷ì֦ɣͻȻ

ȺԶƵ죬ҴҸʱľǱһ͸Ѫ⣬ļ褡
褲ˣȻлҲû·𶼱ˡ
ԶɫָĦ֦ϸһ£Ϳɽ

̻ͨΣ½طɳһۺ۹ķ򣬴㽫һͻǧ硣
Ѿ֪ڵ̫ʼⱻشˡ
̫ʼģ纳۰ǿߣᱻһϣҪ찲š
õϢλߣ֮ʼӦˡ

һҫĿռ϶δ򿪺롣
ãһǣֱӾں۹λԱ߳֡
ǣ·һǿŤ˿ռ϶Ƿ˶ѷԺ󣬾Ҳûֹ
Īʧ١
ݵڲ磬´ҡ



һǧʮ ħ
ңǴġ
ۣ֮氲ڡ챦ĳߣɫƵĺԶ̻ΣһѿʱҲͻȻʧ١
ɽԶȡ
褵ɱ϶ȻߣǰĵߣѾ׶ġѰ氲ʦ
ݵĽĻ΢ӦڲǺߣܲ⣬ǿҵķӦ
ǣǿߣһǡѰ࣬ûӦ
ԣΪ氲ʧְǰ
Ǵ⡣
氲ҡҡͷԥһ£˵Ӧ͹λҴͨ⣬ȥֻħԨԺѾͷ䵽ھĻ䣬ֱǶȻƣ̫졭
̾һ氲Ҿ쵽ʱѾˡ
ԶͻȻĬˡ
֪氲˵Ȼ氲϶ǴɽǾ½أֻħԨͨ
ƨɰػع⣬Ϊ֪
ȣ۹滹Ǻϵ½أǷΪصֻɡ컯ػˡ
λڵ£Ȼȷʵܡ
ǿɻںݣԶʵ
ǱԴ֮ڻǿǣɽ߳ڴҺԳ˲Ӧ氲ɫأһ£Դ֮ǿˣεѿʧܣζѾܸݵĿռ䷨򡣡
Զɫһ䡣
̸£ľӦ֪ˡ氲磬ӳ೾ҪغݣҪ񣬸Ͻ޳Ȼͨռߣѿն룬ᱻӰ졣

ͣһ£氲ٴοڣںݵģһĿռ䴫󣬺ڶᱻ棡
һԶˡ
ŶˣڵĬrˣӦҲͨ氲
ȥʲôԶе֡
׼ϸȥͻȻ뵽ʲôɫ÷ǳѿ

ıЯƵ죬ƮȻ
񣬾Ȼͣڴˡ
ҲĬrˣΪνֻ֪ͨͬšܣҲ뿴ǸδȫȶԴ֮š氲˵֪ģʣ뵽ʲô
Ĭrһݣ۳ںδ̴Ц춨ᶯ֣Զȵ
ǿʱͻȻ뿪ֵɵβȥ䣬̴Цйһ̸
̸У̴Ц죬ĬrĲ
˽̴Ц죬Ҳ֮ڶħǿ̴ܲЦԲĬr
ĬrΪ񣬺ԴͷʼմŽϵںݴ磬̴ЦĬr֣ζҪȥԴͷ
ȻһĬrݣ۳ںδֻҪԴͷϵжϣʼձֽ޼䣬̴Ц춼ܻ֣
ǹҵġ氲п
ڣ񽫳פڴˣĺκ䣬ҪϸңԶ࣬Դ֮ԺˣҲǱߣʲôЭ飬Ҫӣһƺþ棡
ǣֵɣʱڵʱ򣡡
氲˵ͷŶ
ʱ
ˣͨ챦̻ͨĴӪб̷ɽķ򣬺Ȼɳһɫ˸
ڶĺڰ˸ݼ˵ؿڡ
Сĺڰ˸ЯŴĺڰӡ컯󡱵ķǸͨڡ
㻹˽
氲ĿӳƿźԶ񣬵ڣ㻹ס𣿡
סҲҪԶŭݣ죬̴ЦĬrҪҲڣڣҲԴ֮ŵͨڲ
ͬʱ
ںԶݷùڵߣ
½صĸ߿մֳƵĺԶţԱȻ󲻵˻ӦһԾ¡

һɣ·Юźƿˡ컯ɫڵĻ֮硣
۵һƿһ׶Ƶ촳롣
̴Ц죬ͨڿս
컹ڰʱԶѾͨڣȴŨī֭ļºڰͨ
һۿȥǰֻħԨͨڣ·𱻹˺ˮ
䣡䣡䣡
ͨڲͻȻҵıڵĺɫī֭ڣҰɫ磬š֮Ĺ˸
Զɫ࣬ϸܵѷ죬·ӺڰѣֶȻϡ
оӽǰֻħԨ̴ͨЦĬr֮սҪ¶
̴Ц첻ֵɡ
ʱ̴ЦͬһӪʱô
ǰҲ̴ЦֱֺѡȥԪڲս
Σոոϵ׼ֹ
̴Цԭƺû׼ãȴΪĵѡǰս̴Ц컹ڸסˣȥ
̴Ц죡㡭
ԶӵۣŽţƺ໰·޲óȥǸӹ̵ܽļһˡ
࣬꿣ڵܻЩ֪롣
⣬Ǻݵ䣿


֪̫ʼشԨ½֪ˣҲ֪١
أֶ뿪ֻܴڴ
䣡
ڣϵġ컯󡱣ԶײƣڴڣҲ˲Ӧ
ıڴȴն̨ڲ֮
Եһն̨ʱ˽ڣԶվͨڴֱţŭ̴Ц֡
࣬꿣нڵЩն̨ܿ
Ҳܣǵ˽
ǣ֪ʲô
̴ЦǰֻħԨͨУĬr˳ͻͨٴζͷھʲôһ״˭Ҳ˵׼λԨ˵صľ䡣
½ԶԶһԱŵߺȹ󣬻ȻҲˣҲ֪˽䡣
ȻҲûԨ͸Ԩôһ˵Ҳˡ
˭Ҳûϵ̴ЦȻͨڣѡĬr˲úԶ֣ͨڶסˡ
Ϲָոң뿪Ƿû򣬶ӦóûˡУԴ֮Ҳ͸˳
ë׵ĶͷͺԶһоͷۡ
֮ˣͻȻ
Ѿֻھͻƣһе󲻶Ԩȡ
֮ļȻˣô⣬Ҳ޿κˡھͻƣ޷ѰһϵĶҪôն̨Ҫô
Ҳѡն̨Ԩҡͷ
ȻΪΣ
ʱԨ֪ġ
֪ȻԨĵһλ̫Ȼնߣӡδ𡭡
ôԨһפն̨Ƿס
κʱֻҪδֻҪն̨Ǳǡع顣
ն̨ѳһ֣ĺϵ֮ˣµĴȥͻڣѡն̨
ǣ½ذɣڵҪ㣬ǷҲҪ㡣
Ԩ΢𣬵һôȷοʼĵط
һ̫ԨĻԻͣ½ؿ
ϵأ޿ɷ顣



һǧʮ ֮
⣬
ɫ㲵İ磬̻ͨġǺӶɿڡپ;棬ڵִѪħͳεʥ
ûӳѫߣǻһѪɫ磬ӱ𴦷Ŷ
;УӦϴĺ
̻Ǳߣ֪֣֮֮£ʲôҲˡ
ѫġǺӶɿڡ巽Ӫһᱻ׷ɱֻ·
ڣǰսѪħ
䣡
һŲ֪ǳϷһߴӰưܵİǱƮȻ
ߴӰڶӴѪӰ֡
һѪɫӰѪޱȣҲ侪ˡ
еѪӰ£еķ·Ѫ⣬ܻϵħͷ飬еЦţ˵ŹѪİ
һ
ߴҲϵѪħǿߣǳϷ֣ʾ
װδԥĿܻһЩܡ
ڣλѪħǿֵʱͷ˹ȥ
ҽɿˡ
ѪħˣһЦ
һ
Ѫħɿˣ˴ħ׿ǰһʱǺӵǿߣȸ׿˻Ҫ곤˵ꡣ
ںݣвھޣǱɿɱ
ҷ㡣
ɿӵĿ⣬ԼϢȴǳԺݵ壬ĵߣҴּ⣬ҴȥԴѪ½
ʱ֪Ҫ
ɿ˵˵ͷѾһˡ
һҲû룬·
˼׼ɿ˵
ʲô׼
ԴѪ½ҪأӴ㣬ӦþҲˣһһɻʵѪħȻҲֱӴﵽħ񼶱𣬶㻹ϵ
ɿЦЦ˵
ɱΪѪħɿ˰ﵽżս߶ȣ绹˳ͻƣϵԴͷڣҪģ
ֻһ䣬ѡЧûгΪħϣУܷδɱͫѪ졣
ɿ˵˵ͷȻ
ǺãҸߣ

֮⡣
ڵκ׿ԦšءĿĵطɳţѰ֮Ũҵ
ھڣڣɡءɱΪԶ
ݵľ˲Ϣ䣬ˣλ
Զûټûк˵ʲô֪ںڲӦòҪ
ԣĴƮţѰĻᡣ
·һ鰵ɫʯʱκ׿ͻһԦšء
¡
ġءڲǧըױѣǧҫĿ磬ֱʯȥ

ʯͷöͼֹǿʯһ޴ʯҲ˲仯Ϊһػ顣
һλǧɣŻŮӣЦӯӯظ֡
ٱ鼮ΧתҲƮƮ·һһܹĵħϡ
ٱ鼮ڣǧСħͷܵˡءͷŵĿֲϢ鼮棬һ¶ͷ
ħ״ġ
κ׿һۼֻһλħħϣ͸һɲεɷ֮⣬˱ǻȺҪѵ˼ħĻ
ɲҪѰ鷳ȻĻΪϼľżսʿ״һЦŲæ˵ҷ˾ķԸȥһط
ͣһ£šءоĶǵɫأǸطħһĽأڲ޵硣˵أҲΨ֪ȥΪµء
κ׿סˣǻôģ˾£ںڲһλ֣ͨ߳
˾£״Ȼ𾴣峤ںݴ磬ٵһλߡǺǣ֮ӦҲ˵Ǻǰҷɹߣİɣ
κ׿ʱЩȻ˵
˵ߣħһڹаĿǡ
ǣоԲħ񱴶̹˹
ʵϣߣΪǵľܿƴħ񱴶̹˹ȴȫһһɱ
ħϣκơ
ȥϴأ߱λʸҲ峤˼״Ͽҵ˵ħ壬Ҫκ»رһһϯλܹɹֻҪ㽫أʹԴ缴ɡ
Դ磡κ׿һ
Դ֮ͨռԴ磬ȴΨ㡣κ׿һؽΪĳ콫䶪Դ磬ֲĻҩ״Ľ͡
κ׿Ҳ˲ʶΪԴ֮񡱵ĴڣڵĲⱣŭ˴ħ񱴶̹˹
ԣ״ˣҪԼϴӡءԼߡ
ħ񱴶̹˹ǾãԼ޾һλߣΪӦĴڣ֪Ӧ˶ٻء
Դ֮񡱣ܻûлӴĴڣԼȥˮ
ֺ£ǧ궼ûһأ㻹ڿʲô״һ
·κ׿


Ԩ񣬴ն̨룬˲ͱ϶ΪһطѪСء
һն̨֪˻һʹڻ£ƿշ½ء
Ȼϵ½أԴ˽ȥھ
ɾͷԺ׼ʱȴ΢΢һ
ѪСصģ֮ĵ̳̬֣ҷ·Ӧʲô
ֻǣǸ֪Ƚģ·ڼңԶ⡣
ಣ
ն̨Ѩ䵽ѪСأиţǻ̳
һ̣ն̨һмܡ
磬صĻħ̥иѪ̳ǰ㡣
ĸ֪ն̨Ĵڣõǧٱ
ϵģһ΢Ѫ㣬Ӷ϶أ
·𿴵˰硭
һֱصҶϵ³š
ұɫͿĨѪˮΪֲѪȡ
֮ѪھȻʱ򶼸оٲȻѪūĿܣһֻۡ
ֻǣ˿̶Ȼ⣬ôԶȻܸое֡
ֵǡ
磬ƺֻһӵŦ
ڰ˿ڵ磬һصĶƺͨ磬֮ͨϵͻȻӦ
ȷе˵Ӧ֮
Դͷ

䣡
ྭǺӵƯ;棬ִʱɿ˵ĽӼ˿̾ʲôȫһƬ亣Ԩ̳״֪
ԴѪ½صԴͷ
Ԩ֪羹ȻȥԴѪ½ѪħߡԴͷĲ֮أ
֪ˣΪڴˣʲô
ȻԨʵܵˣԴѪ½ĵصǸͨӦĶ
ȻԴͷ
ԴͷֻԴѪ½ĵصףԴͷںݵصһǸȴڵص׸ԴѪ½֮ģ
ԨޱȾ𺳵ǣǶ·ǿµұẮš
ǶܹļϺԴѪ½֮ģ˾޴塣
Ѫ֮壡
ۣ
ԨģСһΨ֪ļ䣬ͻȻը˿
µĻ𣬹ꡣ
µıѪ
𣬻ȼѪẮᶳ꣬෴
ԣԴѪ½ͺݴ磬ص׵Ľṹƣǰص֮ŵĶǽȻ෴ġ
Ψһͬǣ̩̹˺ݴ磬˵˺ݡ
һĿ꣬ԴѪ½ȴںݣ˺ݵ棬ʢ
Դͷͼıݵص֮ȴԽ֮ס
ԴͷͼıԴѪ½ص֮ȴԽµĿẮ
ֻţһߵȴᣬһ뾡취ȥ롣
Ȼδܳɹ



һǧʮ ܵ
ǿձ߽磬һص½أڴ˿ݼűƮ
½ϣһƬտɫ
ԨڴˣһۿޱϤǽ
ǿյı߽򣬺ڶ࣬ۻǺȴٵĿ
ƶ½أʱ䣬Ҳֻһѿǳݲޱȼªĵʯ
·ǧǰҲڴȴ򻷾̫ӣǺϡ٣Ǩˡ
½ϣǷǽУһͼϣһϢɭ
ͻƵھѡϵˡ춼󡱣ҷǳ˳
֮򺮱ϵʱȴһͼھͻ˳˳ˮ
ʬԼһڣѺܾû¶ˡ
ʮͼǱȥһһģԨսʱԨвܣŭ쳣
Υ֪ŵĺѡȥϵͼҲǱġ
ǣô˳أ͡춼Ժȴ￴ˡ
Уżױâձ
ְѲ
֪ڷөشҲûָ
һ浣ıǿǿΧɱһ棬ƺҪѰʲôԴʬԶǺı֮ء
û뵽ͼȻܺϵҲ⡣
ŵɳ̲Уۣ俴Ŵһ޴ͼޣҪǵãĴţһʼǺһ㣬ֲ㣬Ϊһ㡣
ͷȴû˵
ھ㻹ϵͼȥȥǱߵļأҰţվﵽһս
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ǰôǿ󣬻ﱻںԺ󣿡Ԩʡ
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һǧʮ ˼
Ǻӱ߽硣
޺ǿ½أֳ˾ǿվ̬һ죬һ׵ͫļٷš

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ڷǳż
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ȴһδεʧܡ
֪ԴѪ½һԴͷܵһʱ
Ȼ󣬱ѪħȺȥԸ
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Ԩͨһ֮أ룬˵һԴѪ½
Ԩڣġ޾ꡱģһ̳
ԨͶʯ·
ԨϢ̳ܾܲص֮
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Ԩģǿ׿˵ѪɫᾧҲһŽҪȡһС
ǣԨȻܹų
ԨƾʲôЯŲǸš
ԨͶʯ·ûȡӦеЧʯͷԼĽš
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ʼǺڣѰۣܿŴȥ㹻ǿ顣
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Ԩ̾һ䣬ӳѫ룬ֱȥ
ԨܲԕFߺһ
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ûԨϢѡֻħԨ뿪Ҵħ񱴶̹˹ȥ

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ԶԶȥǳǺɫ񣬴һֳصϢ

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ѪˮˮѪأȫɫ顣
ʱãٶԼѪСڵ
УӦԨϢ
ԨƺһĶѪСΪý飬Ž



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ͨ磬ԨԴѪ½ص֮ϵ
Ҳ˿һĻĻۡ
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ͷϽɫſнצ
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ڼ䣬;ڰǳ棬ʲô̻壬Ⱥĵɱ䡣
ֱӭģǳ뿪ˡ
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ŵողǺӱ߽磬ŮƿصƫƧǺӡ
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㣬ıأҲ޼ƿʩ
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ȻʧȥôͣЩ֪롣
ʶڲһеظϹȥʲôҲòǰһ
ǣȥȥһԣֲġ
ԥãǲģǱ仯ΪŮǰǺһᣬѰܹ˲ȥĿܡ

Ϊ˻ȻǺӣѡԨΪ顣
ӳ೾ǽ̵ĺɫǳһƬ͵ϣŻƽս˹ҡͷ̾Ϣܿĳ껹ûʴǣģǲͬ
ȣ͵ϸ˹մˡԴ֮񡱵ζ
ӳ೾Դ˺Уطֱ
ȣϸ˹ǶġѰǱƻȾˣѾɲԼǵ뷨ʶԴ֮ƿء
˹ͬ
ѵģǵģǱƻȾҲζŸѶԸ
ӳ೾ȻûʲôֲѰͷɫﶷ־򡣬΢Цŵ˵ͷսսĻƽѪͳΪ㣬ͺԶЩһﶷǶ¡
Ҳ֪Ǵĵ
Ͳʵ̬ȣҡһ䣬Ȼ⻯ı
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ƮҡıŲȲѤһӾ͵˺ǳԱߡ
ʱ֮ԶʱҲͰΪˣһûлϯλƾʲô˵ֵʡ
ǰҲֻǸҲǰӳ೾ȻһЦ
ۿ˹Ҳӽǧɫ򣬻Ϊҫ۵ĽɫУͷǿس֣ӳ೾ֵһҰİȻҪģ뿴ͷӡѪΪǽռ
˹ȵȷд⣡
Ŀȣǰһе֪ڻƽڻȫµѪû׳ǰɱܹն񣬲͸еİ
ôϣִռ
ԼʹԷ̬ĻƽҲûʲôʤ㡣

ӳ೾ǳ΢Цҡҡͷ󣬱˵ֵɣԶǣΪ˷ֹ·ҪǲݵĸһԴ֮ݻ٣ȫ군
ֵɣ
ֵɣ
ȣ˹ǵϸ˹˲ɫ



һǧʮ ֮
ֵɣ
λǿڣλ֮ҲڸʱȻ׷ױɫ

ĵϸ˹µɫĹǷİǺӣ̼һƬֺ
һǧɣɽľ͹ľ֦Ҷïܵƾո֡
ϸ˹类һĺɫƣľʶܼףϷص׼
壬Ѫֺܹ꣬еڶľйͨκһҲܵľս
ֵɣ
ϸ˹ٴУĴŵͬʱƬֺľֳһЩελãȥѰ֮ټ
Żģȣڵϸ˹֮Ϊ߲Ѥõ
ȴ˵
һӣС򱶣ŽǰС
·֪ԽǾչԼԽ׳Ϊ׵Ŀꡣ
˹ѪĵУҲӳ೾˵ֵɵ֣ͻȻͣס
ûżǺǳ
ֵɡ
ػʱ֮ڶ͵ɽۣ֮˼
ݺǺʱںڲڶû֡
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ӳ೾ļ䣬ԽֵɵӡҲΪģ
¼֪һ㣬Ϊλ֮սǽǿѹֵһء
Ȼϸ˹Ⱥı֣ȴڲϵλͷĽ֮ȻǼ伬ֵļһ
򡣬ҪԸ˹һֵɣȥǣһµϸ˹
ӳ೾ʼ֡
˹֣ҲԴ֮񡱻ᰲȶ֣ȴû뵽߾Ȼˡ
λһ֣ͬΪʹֵɣҲδɡ
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ȻſںǳѪ츳ŵص׵ĺ֮
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ӳ೾Ȼ
һ̣򡻰˼
ݣ
һҫĿĽ⣬۶ɵӣ֪Ӻζ˲˵ϸ˹ڵƬֺ
ʮѪĵϸ˹ԾѪ츳ͨƾմֺǵǡ
һǧɵĹľԴݿ֮նģΪɫ˸
ⳤڣһ΢Сľ飬ϸĽ⣬׷ŵϸ˹ɫѪһһ顣
꣡
ľʶܼ׵ĵϸ˹ڶྫѪʱûüӴܣؿͻȻһ
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ϸ˹Ѫ˵һܺõĲ䣬һζ󲹵ҩ
ֵȻ⣬ȴ⡣

Ĵռϸ˹Ѫʱֵֵָչһ£Ȼս
һҫĿȴ޷ݵĽ˲ġ
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ıǿʥжʱĿ¶ݡ
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Դ֮šȻ𣬵ȵһֻҲѺֱӱ
һԴ֮šȵһֵֻһͬʱݻ١
ɽԴ֮ţΪͺѾӣܹںݵ֮ϣ²ݣһֱûֵü⣬ȻԴ֮ǰۡ
˵عһ䣬ҪӳһһԴ֮šҲն
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أȱذˡ
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֮Ը˵ֻҪ㹻ʵܺɱ˹ΪӰģġ򺮾ֲ֪ںδ
ܵӡ򺮾ֱӽ밵ڲ׷ɱ˹
ಣ
ڶԴ֮šʣ²ȣͻȻƾʧ
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ռڿյǿվţֲûпɹٴγĿꡣ
ǣǱĽУλķʽ³ʶ
ûеĽǱ˱ĽС



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˹ˡ򺮾ľڣ޷˳ɻع顣
ӳ೾ЦݲãµûְֻŵĲʵֻزȥⷽݼŵǿУԸ⻹ǲԸ⣬ֻӲͷƤһս
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򡷢һХȻշһ¾޴㳯ȥ
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أ곤㼸꣬ļһû治֪λҲǻѵ㵱ʱôģȻһϯλΪ˽У
ԼֵѹԳ˲ӡ
ڲҲһܻپİ»ָɼĽ֮ͭϴ
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ң˹ͶˡԴ֮񡱣ں޾ǿУֱӱΪ෴ħ񱴶̹˹Ҳˡ
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뵽䲻㣬ֵһȻ·һ
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ο翨˼۷ڣҲ֪̹˹⣬ѡʱȥ֡
ֵǾãɺԶиûҪ¡
ڣ˭Ų⡣
Զ϶һףȻھ࣬ļһٷְٵ
ӳ೾е

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ԨԴѪ½ն֪ͣ˶á
ûҫǳҲû;ڴ˵ѫǺӶɿڹرԺ󣬺ݵʹͬ֡
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һؽصʯɫҲͬѪɫˮտ纣
ڶľ״ʯе̬絴ŵı̲еνǧεΪۣȫ
ٵľʯڣϸȥϸӨĹӡС
ն̨˿̺̬ѷ˿
ٸʯγɵն̨֮ϣһΪ泤ޱȵĳ⾧ն̨
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Ԩ֮ǰͿˣϵ̩̹ҲͨС
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ոգһγѪһСľ
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Ԩʱʱ̵̿أ񣬸֪ԴѪ½ص֮
ľ磬ϡͿأȻͻƵھ
֪ûкϵʲôôͽھ

ͻȻ䣬Ӧ֪ܻأһظ
Ѳٿ־



һǧʮ ƶѪ
ǿУһֻӴɫ㣬ͨɫۼܲڿ۶
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ƺֻҪǺӣֻҪǻҵǺڣˮ֮ɱ仯
ǣ츳ͨѪġ
ԭĵѪҲǿеˮˮ֮ӡ֮ĵľڣٲֵУֻȥԴѪ½õһն񡣡
Ԩն̨еѨȡУ֪ǿ
ǿվ룬㿴ҲԭʼѪǳصˮ
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ף
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õԴѪ½ص֮񱻴Ժ󡭡
ȻǳһأӦɫ⾧Ǹɫ⾧ڣ֪һ
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ԨЦһ
Ȼ֪ڲ׽Ӧͨն̨ӰʱΪǸӦɫ⾧ڣӿϤĸоˡ
Ӧɫ⾧ڣȻ΢Ϣ
벢ǿվޣҲ̫ˣ佫⡣
ܻڣΪʳ࣬ԴѪ
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Ԩõġ޾ꡱľѪֱڲ̺һС
Ѫ䲻羫Ѫ£ûдڣȴٵĹЧ
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ʱ꣬ٴμԨ̲סʧЦ
Ѿͷǿվ޵õԴѪ½صһСеԽԽúЦ
ЦʲôǿѹҪըŭȵ
ͬǿվޣ˼̩̹Ǻӵߣǿİ˭Ҫߡ㣬ȴƶѪ⣬һ֯һԣ֯ܵĴǿյ׽㡣
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Щҵذϡ
ݵţĵıŭ棬꼷ѹԹͻȻˡ
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Ƕ꣬ʮܻ꣬һЩȥΪһϴӣӡС
ˣԼԺҲ޾ȥ
һΣ꣬ʮˡ
һն˲УѪӿֳ棬˽֪ľޱȱߡ
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ܻڣҿȫΪǻҪ㡣
Ԩҡͷԡ
Ӻƴˣ
ϵױ𴩣Ъ˹سɱ



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һ·ϣ·ǱϢ̬Ψֱ˶ϡ
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ۣϣǧ֮ࡣ
ԨһͷÿһƬۣ·һˮ

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ÿһˮУ·̺һ˿
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ۿڶʵϪӣ峺ĺ󽭣ЯŨˮ֮ƺƵسײԨͷ
ܿЩӺž֮΢СǿңӲ־綾
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תһ룬Ԩ֪Ϊǿվ޵£ܻţӦҲɱǿվޡ
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ѷɫһЩնͬӦҲѪ츳ڡ
ܻڣܹҵԴѪ½˵ʵҲûԼе
ѪܹΪǿ٣Ƚϵù
ΪǱΧɱŸ⣬ʹ󲿷ֵʱ򣬶ڻָС
䣡
Ԩֵն̨׳ⷽﻯˮУ˲俪ʼ˷Ŵ
Ө׹ԣڻ͵ն̨һ͸ϵϡ
һľĽǧͻȻ̨֣󲻸ĵ˻
εն̨ڼʱڣŴ򱶣
߲̺Ťʱյİȴ̨µ
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ն̨һˣųĿĽɫԡ
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ͣ
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ԨŹ֡
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գۼ䣬񾹸ߴܼ£
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˵
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ʦӳ೾Ʈأ֪Ӻδ˹
ҵĺʦܣŮɱ˰ҺѰš



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ӳ೾ڡԨڡԵЩܻ
ǰһ̻ԨʱѾ˺棬Ҳߺźʦˣ㾹Ϲ֣ҩĴȱɲˣǳȥʲôã
ǧҩ̫ʼĴڣѱȫˡԨù죬УӫҲֲֻҩݡҪԣЩݵҩݣܷӫ
Ҳͬ⣡ӳ೾ȵ
骣һҩڵҩʦʱѳڵѩ¶ŰڷڵصġԨڡЩ֪롣
ôһ£
ҩڣ˭ģ
ӳ೾ʱ֮ļ䣬ѹԺΪλ̰ҩݣ
ͬⲻͬ⣬Уȥ򺮱ҲΪ˾Ӯȡһϯȫµλĵ򣬾ֻǺڰͼû򡣬ҲûҪĶ
ԨȻûĺʲô
УҲڰ򣬶ʲô취Ŷһ䣬Խڡ
ڣиһֵɡҲ֪ҹɯôģ
ΧšԨڡˣʦͬŵʦֵܸն죬Ȼˡ
棡ҩڵ飬ٲ֣ӳ೾ŭ

վ˰ĺѩܣָסˡԨڡë׵ģžļ籩γɣӳ೾
ĳͷƺӳ೾̫ѩӡ
Ƿ۵ѩӣ˿ؿڣƺѾ˯ˡ
ء
ܳԨ˼ѡһµļ򣬽Ԩڡȥ
˵ҪǸѩӣӻɳ
æˣŻȥԨ
ĿסԨڡεض𣬶ȻΪһ죬ƿӫĽԺֱӾͽǺӡ
ʧԺԨЩȻʧܿƽ
ȻĥΪʦȫˣҩô⣬ЩҩʦȻп
Уʦֺ˹ѵڰЩʲô
ʣŮʱڰʥû°ɣ
ȥѯʣ̻ͨȽ⡣
ŮʱްѪƺڰʥء̫ʼ˻ǧŲʺ˵ܺãȴû˵λá
ʻشʱȴԨƺлҪ˵
ǣڳĺܶ˺޹أ־ò̫㡣
һЩԨͷʾס
֪̫ʼްû뿪Ⱥ骡¶ˣ̽һҩڴӫһӡ
˲£뵽˪뿪׷󼫺ռȥԴѪ½ĵص׻õѡ
ϧѪħ忴ţ״İ磬ʱܹȥ
⣬ѩܴ޵ѪޣܳƵʮӵкͺսͲΣѪӿʲô棿
ԼԼ䣬Ԩоһƽˣ»ᷢ漣
ִ˼գļϣȻʴߴٵʱ򣬲ŴӾСǺӶɿڡЧġѨǧȥ
ֻǡ
ѨĴͽȴһȫȻİĵطǧ硣
Ⱥδ֪֮أֻվһƬԫϱڵưܴء
ĿǱľ͹з绯ĸʬǡ
֣Ǵһұ߳ġ
ɱĺۼϢڴ˷ؽÿһ䣬ʬǣ֪ĸǻȺ
ݵ˺ʹڴ̫ĺǣвھ
Ԫߣ
һģһսһ㣬ɱǿߺʹ׵ء
Ǻ⣿Ԩüͷһ塣
ħ񼶱ʣǱ̫ʼ½ش룬ٽʱͷ֡
ڵһλħ񼶱ʣµӦʡ
ᣬˣǵõ̫ʼġУŮʱҲ֪ߣȻǳѨҡɫƣʸϽֻͣǲ̻ᣬӫ֪Բ˶Ŀ˵صǧ硣
ʲôԨɫԺ˵㡣
ʼȻô˵ˣ˵̫ʼͳ˶֪Ÿû⡣
йԼλҪ㡣ĵ
Ԩͷ
ȻǴħ񱴶̹˹



һǧٰʮ ̹˹
ħȺʣħ񱴶̹˹ʱħڲ
ںݳ˴ѹ½ض̫꣬ʼĳͭ޹һط⡣
ѡ̫ʼڵһԱ൱ڱħȺ
˿̣Ԩȥħ񱴶̹˹
뵽λ޵е峤ڴ˷Ƶսпܻڿʾ;ͣڷ
ûеõʸڴ˵أԡ
һ̾󣬽Ԩʣת򱳺ұȥ
⻬羵ұڣһ޴ɫȻ͸˳ƬƬ꾹ſռ
뻨ʱǶȻֵɫȻʧ
뿪һƬš
ڶ൹Ĺһ߾߷绯ĹǺԨ˵ţǰڴ˵صսжôĲҡ
֡
ԨһȻⷽϵսƺֹһε
ԺУгļʻ
࣬һͷ­ľսʿʮɸߣףʯѡ
һۣоλսʿ׳ͷ­Ļ档
ǰ߸սʿʬǲȱɢš
ԺУһѶ
ƺǰЩսʿ뱬һ⣬Щչսʿ˲ըΪ顣
׿⣬һλۣҳǳͼߣüĶһֱĶ
ƺǱһۺһУԺ
ʬԣһλ׽ޣ·ʱƿȻļУ顣
⡭
ܵԨʱĸʴʧ壬־Ȼд󲿷ǿսʿǱɱ
صļԺ
⴦пĹսƺǺӣһĵطǿߣǴſʼʶҡԨ
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ͷ­ըѵľսʿӿ״̬վ˲ˡ
ߣϵĻҳ䣬ʬϣ¶˵ȻЦݡ
ʬǲȫˣ类ʱƴһվ
Щûһ˿Ѫ⾫ͷĺݴҲ̵նľ޴ۿڣ֩ܲ
ԶСĵѨ壬壬壬ˣʬǣҲ·һԡ

ԨڹϵսգԶ˷
ȥģм֮ĸˣһǻ类鸽壬Ϊħ
һ̣ǿд
ͬˣǵԽ̸ûͷûѪͣ쳣죬ëȻ
Ԩɫصأֹǰо·ͻȻȥǸ
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ͬȺˣ׷״ǺӶɿڵִزóѰԼѪ׵챦
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ͻһ죬جϮ
޺ͺݵҵǴ䣬˵˲ɱ
ԨЩȥߣҺɫ·ҪɢܵĴӲһأʹ˷صսʿѾ¡¡սˡ
˵ԣڱţͬȺսʿҲڴ¡
ŵǶʷʱԺ˵ķʽݣһȺ»ص䡣
ԨΪ֮Ĭ
ʶħ񱴶̹˹Ȼ٣ֻħ꣬սĸʬڣΪٴǶι
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Щʬ壬˵ŲͬĻҲŲͬ¡
һ̣ԨͻȻָоħ񱴶̹˹Ը룬ܹһ֮Ťתս֡
ħħһܸսڣֱӶƿǣԾӰǡ
ͬһʱ䣬ͬʱӰ췢ڱ𴦵ս
ھޣ˼;żĴħ񣬰׽ޣ籴³ǰսʿĸ徫񣬿һŶ㲻̹˹ʴ
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໥ɱиͺݽеĲпѪսԤǿŤĽ
˵ȫƿ֪ս֣
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һˣԨȻоЩѹ֡
һЩСϸڣʶ˴ħ񱴶̹˹Ŀֲоλħ񣬲Ҫκΰ֣ܵ߸еһУ
̹˹ĸоʮָǣ֪޴ڣܣ
֮⣬Ȼһ̹˹ţǡ
Ԩеɬѵʶнʱյĵλֻħ񱴶̹˹ʵһֱԹۡ
ݺݵ
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ڣΪҪݺݣǺǡ
ЦԨ˵ݵ壬ͻƵ£һϯλؼһʲô
ԨɫãȻɱΪԪ񣿡
˭ħĸȺ
ħ峤Ԫħ峤
ħһ֮õи𣿡̹˹ʵ
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νԪ񣬾Ԫħ
ÿһݵߵ껯ԪʱԪħڣһλ³Ա
˵ΪҪȥѹԼأ



һǧٰʮһ ɱ
ߣɱΪԪ󣬱Ԫħ
̹˹࣡
ûκ˺Ԩ˵ԺݵģЩưǺӵߣٲȻҲΪħһԱ
Ǻͱ̹˹ͬͬԴԪħ
Ԩһķ˼
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㣬ҵĻ֪ϣܸһ
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ͻƵԪ񣬺ֻϹڣȻ۷壬̳ȥӴĻ꺣
ʱŸо˲֮ͬ˻ɡ
ħ񱴶̹˹ЦŽʱ˷Ƶأ˺ʹɱȻڼš
ȥսʿͳʬǵĴĿݹս
ʵֻħħ֮ײѡ
ƺеģⷽսĿݹѰӡ
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ʱ㱻Ϊвҵĺ¹󡣡
ħЦЦε˵ҸоԴ֮ҪԨ̤ҲȷҪն̨ǲԸ㳨飬Ը㣬йغݵЩĻġ
ԨĬã˿ͻȻԴ֮ǰڴ˵أࣿŸңӴƬ꺣ʵ㣿

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ԨͺԶĺıʹɱ֣һܴԭǣͺԶԨ˵ˣȻʴǣΪʵͽ
ԨȻ
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ͣһ£ħգգۣԨǻӦҲ֪˰ɣ
ԨĬص˵ͷ
û뵽ԴѪ½ص¿Ắ֮ȻͽԴѪ
Ѫ֮Դ
ûôˣܾú󣬲ںݽӴԴꡣȻԪħ屾ͳԺݣݲǵķԴءң֪ԴĴڣʼȥӽʱ̩̹ѳɶһ޶İ
ħ̾
ʲôԪħ壬Ǻݵԭ񣿡ԨȻ
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һֻͫ͸żָ߰ͳͣһþ֦ϵɫˡ
ʱû֮ϵĳ緶һ㲻񿥣һеЩŤŤЭĸо
űħ񱴶̹˹˿̵ԨֿŵոջΪˣһֺСѾͷС
ɶȤζȥ룬֮ô룬᲻Ҳⷽԭ
뻯κ󣬺СʱһĳǲرУ
ʱ룬УǲֿԼĸо
УｫΪУֻҪͲմߵģҪֶεزƩȸ
ʶŮʱ𣬲۳ֳ̬֮֮ôôľ˫ôķǷ
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ܣӵһμʱڼŲò
ԨԽɫԽ졣
Աߵı̹˹һô룬Ҳû˵ʵʦͽ뵽һˣҲǳǼʲԣ뷽跨سԼŲ̬˵͸ı䡭
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ұ̹˹̩̹þ޳ưǿյʱĻ
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ǣҲ޷˽漣
Ѫݶ
еһεξѪڲ͸Ӷľ޵Ѫ£ЩѪķʽھѪСľѪɢںݵɽ綾󣬴󺣺ڶ档
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Ҳúݵޣڽ߱˳ʮĽޣΪĿܡ
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ںݵԶʱڣĻʵۣԳΪӡͳκʱ۹Ļ壬ᱻѪ
ΪľѪɣѪŻôǿȻѪҲĺᣬȴûȻӡ˵Ѫ
СȴĺᣬŮУڶХࡣ
ޱͲʳѪ󣬱øǿ󣬲ܺԿ
ڵЩֻԭޣʳѪŷ䣬ȴġ
ʱеԱѪжŨ֮ʳǿǿǡһЩѪͳҲԣΪҵģѪĺᡣ
࣬δնһ̩̹ѪȴӲǸѪС
ΪֹǺеΨһܱ࣬ƺΪޣޡΪûնѪ󣬷ٳһ·



һǧٰʮ ໥־
ħ񱴶̹˹˵ݵʱȻһһɫУԵϿɺ
ΪǿУϵĵһˣ߿ԨҲΪ⡣
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㱴̹˹ڿʼʱóķʽյ˱ǿվ޽Χɱ̩̹ˡ
Ȼ뵽ӴԴʱ϶̣ԨȻĴ澴η
ܷǷҲϲҲϿľ˳ɾ͡
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ںȻ׹ʱʮ׵ĹǽڣͱΪ촷ۡ
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ıȺǿ߶ϣعζǿվ޶ϣֻܻصħϳȺȥɹǸѹء
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ָҲŵ֪ԪħĹȻѪײ˶ô漣
ߴĺߣϷĹƺ־ýЩġ
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ʵܸǿվΧǰҲǸմԨá
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һֱΪûκ̤ԨΪԨ࣬һֱͼԼ硣
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ҲĿǰ֪ģⷽ磬ΨһһԨࡣ
Ŀֲսǿն޵еģԨҲͬܺ޼ɡԨʱǿ飬ҪŽ˳ȥΪ˷ֹٹԨǱԼ㾡Ԩ֮š
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ϳ֮󣬷ԨŪԨ֮ţһŭ֮£Ԩ֮ŵĻϣγصķ
ԣڵԨ֮ţʵԨ㾡ȫĽϡ
̹˹˵ϸֳ֮ɫôǿ󡣡
ԣʱߵԨԨǱߵ飬ǿ̬ƺҲû̫취ŪĲҲ̶á
εأżԨǿѾ˼ؽϳҪȥԨ֮ţĿܶϡ
һħˣһָĵһ£µ·ȥԨҸյʱ͸оԨ֮棬ԨѲӡǸоڵԨ飬һδεײͬʱԨ飬Ӧϼӽ䱸־ġ
־𣿡Ԩ
Ȼ򣬿ɻиԭҺ׵ġħ񱴶̹˹΢΢һЦԴδ֪֮ֻҪ¡ʱѾ̽Ԩ֪Ԩ֪Ԩ״ԨĲΡ
ԨǱߣȴһ֪飬ΨһӴģߵļһϵ
ԨǱ߻Ϊǵ磬ŵ飬̩̹ĲΡ
˵ǻ᲻ʳѰ᲻ҹҹڿ־壿



һǧٰʮ ħҰ
ǿ־ԨʱԨҲڿ־ǡ
һ˵ħ񱴶̹˹ƺҲЩЦ
ܼĺ룬ĸ˿ЦĶȼŵĻ档
̩̹Ŷ꣬ûͼԨ֮ź󣬷ԨǱߵ飬أ̽һǵ硣
ң͸׼˴񡭡
红ӰЦǣͨͿռԴ֮͵͵̤Ԩʱǵӭͷʹ
ԨǱ߶־壬кܳһӣûðͷ顣
һֱ
ɫͻ䣬ȺѰļһײԨ֮šŪģ״̬һȺܵԴ֮Ĺƻ󡣡
ͨһԴ֮Ԩ飬ŵ֪ǿ־̩̹ȥ֪ǵ統УѾǿڡ
Ҳһĵ飬˽ǵ磬֪ǵɽṹ۷սﵽʲôΡ
˵粻δ֪֮أǿ־ļ˲֮ġ
Դ֮Ƚ⣬ȻǵоԴ֮Ԩǿ飬Ƕڴ

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ϾԨһ磬һոδ֪ء
Ԩ̽Դ֮ǰ˵Խ硣
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СӣҪңûз衣
˵صԨһۡ
ǰڽ̵ԨʱҲѵ⡣
İл㱵Ԩгļըֻһ
㣬̫ʱ򣬾Ŵ򿪺ݣȥһأʵ볨Ԩ֮ţǵ磬Ԩͨ衣
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ԨؿͻȻΪ̹˹޾ǿУ֮ĵһˡ
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֪ԨߣĶϷأĶȥԨ
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ħ񱴶̹˹ϵ̩̹һҲ׼ŰԨ
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ԨʱϤ뷨
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һԨصأƯڿӶеͭ޹ס
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һǧٰʮ νӴ

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ŮٱĿ¶ɫû뵽̫ʼԨȻҲܼԦҲָ
ûȥݣԲ֪½أԨʹء
ܿ죬иͭ޹׵Ļأ뿪·׵ĿӶԨǰȵͣס
棬ºͲأȻؿԨ
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ʯһ棬Ǹ¶΢Ц
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ĲأЦݿɬ˵ݵ壬ǿķʽݵ˲òʡ
ӯʱԨֻǻξδӦ߼սʿ
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ӻξͻƵھԨ൱һλ߼սʿڶʱڽѪ˾ż
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ħĴ˾£ͬħ̳Ǳڹ֮ҲĵԨء
˸߿ԨΪħ񱴶̹˹ֹһεأڲͬԨ
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Ȼ峤Ԩ˵ʲôɴõϢǣڹ׸ϵܣҪٱܻ⣬ҪԨ
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Ǳû뵽ԨҴ뿪Ժ󣬾ǺͻƵھ
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ݣ
һԨüĵĻȻͣŵͭ޹ף˹׸ϣһöѴɫ»ε֡
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һӵʱ䣬ԨŽ˳һƻֱӾҪʴüԺ
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ԻеĴûʲôЧ㱻ܣ˳Żʶӣֱ뵽ü
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ʾԨȥ



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ħڵܲԕFھ¹ҫչ骵ȵŵĳߣ˿̶ĬȻȺ
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ȻٽǺӸϸ컢ûдľ
¹ҲԡǺӶɿڡӺݴæ˵ԸˣҪСĵأӦ컢Ľ١

ܲԕFһ񾳺ڵķҫȻС
ӿݵĳѫرλԳħڵĴޣһȫȻɫбĻ⡣
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İŵǺӣһͷ׳˶͵İɫ컢һƶѩɽͶ
ʵʵɱܣŤʱգ޴ڵǿ죬类Ƶһߡ
컢֮һֻռĶӥëϵ
һͨ죬·ȼŻĳţ컢󡰺ꡱģ֪ʲô档
ӥţǾżǵı󣬻ʮ˼ͬޡ
⣬¹𾪵ġ
컢ȺݵĴ󷽣ֳͷǺӵޣ
߼Ͱ˼ѪޣͫâеԣҪԶԶԡ
Щһͺûϸ𣬲̫۵ޣ˿̶Ե÷ǳ˳֧һ֡
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ǰֻںݣҵúݵȺΪʮķޣԭҲ׸ʲôʽܳ뵽ʮԣûҵǰûȥЩȺû׳֦
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Ҳ֪ˣԨն̨ͷȦһͷޡ



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¶һԨҲоһ˿һϢ
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˺ѿĲϷڲعħħӰȻϲأ뵽ġԴ֮šƮȻʧС
ƺܹԴ磬Ǳ׷ҸԴ
ҹ壬ȻǹħҪô̳׼Ҫô뵽Դ磬ǱֳĶĻϲ
Ļ棬Щˣĸеѹֺܡ
һЩƼ̳ߣ֪ġԴ֮񡱣ȵΪֲˡ
ǲأĸ̡
ӯ磬ϸ˹ʱҲƵļ̳
Ҳۼа׼ĳʱˣʱݣ˿־;·µĥѣ˾޴ʹ
ڼ̳еߣȻ˸߲ңȻһҸ
ǣ֪λصġԴ֮񡱣ʴĵӰһء
Դ֮񡱵ȻǱøǿˡ



һǧپʮ ֣
ҪȥҲ԰г֣˵Ի
̫ʼǧ֮⣬棬вءٱ۷ǿҡҡͷü˵СӣԴ֮УλϢڡҲãҲգ޷ܹɱᡭ
˻棬Ԩ̸ĻᶼûԻ侲һ¡
˵λʱһȻʶصġԴ֮񡱴˿̾ڣı
̫ʼ仰ҵɫʱϾҲųˡ
ڤڤУ͸оǡԴ֮šһֻ۾ⷽǺӵˡ
Դ֮񡱵в̫Ūķ粨ڹǺҲףλصġԴ֮һ磬̫̫ܣԳԴ
ǵ̸Ļᡣ
ҲȻˣλħĴ˾ԲɵϣȥԸҹϣɪ㣬дģûбԴ֮ʴˣһֲ³룡
ֲһ䣺㲻Ļ
Ȼħ롰Դ֮šѾŵϣɪС˶ڲ
߿̫ʼ߿£һԨ
뿪
ϣɪߺ´
ҴҹˣǶΪص״طɳ
ÿÿͷһ̳еĿ»棬;ùͷ䡣
˽εľ޴ҫ̳ѺƯŵ½롣
Ц峺ûбȾļ·ʼձҵǡ
ȻԨвſ¡
˵ǱԴ֮񡱣ĳаĻʴԺǱǿŤ˼֪ǿȵķʽһλȵͽ
׶Ըһ㣬ֻûҵĿܰˡ
ǻڣɸɾᣬӦֻǱԴ֮񡱸˵ģϿɶԷԼڽһΰҵǴа֮١
أͼѰҳͼնɱͲ֮ء
ֳᷢԨ⣬Щ۷ǿߣֵ൱ʱԵ򾲣ȻҲҪЩ԰ɣò˵̫ʼ˵ǺãҪٳһ㣬Ҫǡ
Ȼźźû˳أһֲʹǧ硣
ϣɪЩСҹˣתṩġԴ֮šԵľޱ䣬Ԩ춴Ҳ޷˲䱬ѿγɴݻǧܡ
ԣϣɪЩ߲ߣԱ¶Ӱԣͱνˡ
ԺݣҲǺһԱ֪֪λҪҲ𰡣Ԩȡ
֪ȻʧЦ㿴̬ܳΪ𣿡

Ƭ޴߲ʵıҡ
һȦȦĿռ٣ŵô˿̵ᣬ·һ֡
飬翲ܴյɣռ֮Ƭ
ÿԨ֪ĵʵɱɣΪڲȵѪ̲ſռء
ҵҪл㣬ûĬrںݵĵάɱˣء䲻ӡ
ԨֵԨң飬ѵΪϵ𣿲ҪΪûע㣬ڣľ޾꣬һ̳ʱͲǴˡ
ˣȺϵĴѹңΪûʸ񡣡
ŵǡԴ֮šǰƯ޴½أƳܲסĴγɵĳȻƿ
Ҳܹ۵أ˵ҰС
ڳԺݣҲǺݵ壬ȻԺħͰ壬塢Ůγͬˡôңеϸ˹ΪβܺӴ˵İ壬Ҳ𣿡
ΧһһСˣڱϲûʲôͬ
Ŀ⣬ڴ˾£̫ʼٱͲصϣһ˵һЦ
˵˾޷Ӧ
СΧڣ塢壬Ժݵ˵ҲζűѣҲǹС
Բأٱ˵ǺڵĽϣͬǱˡ
ȻˣŵķΧȡȥѡԶģһ˵Դ֮ʲô
ԣֻѣǰһֻ̤ߵĸԶˣἤٴس
ˡ
Ҳʱһı
ȻԡԴ֮šǹ
ʧȥѪĹһ絲ع顰Դ֮š·;С
һɵӰӣƾڡԴ֮šǰƺںأ̽ͷ̽Ե뿴ͷ
ǣȥ˷ˡģزŵġ
Ӱӣ͸ţǲϵŵ߲áԴ֮š޷պϣ޷ըѣʼհų״̬
ͷλĻҲĵġ
ಣ
һ翲ĻӰӹʵӰڷɳôˡԴ֮šֱӳԴȥ롣

һһ貽⣬Ԩᱳչģĵ˲ķѡ
ɫѪҺ·ǧֻʵⷽա
ǧʵɵĻ棬ãȺҫʤա
ԨĬս
óĹ棬֪أܹᣬҲܹˡԴ֮񡱵ĸӦ
浲סĻع֮·ض͡Դ֮šӣҲصġԴ֮񡱲ܹͨ
ң滹ѳһӰη̤ˡԴ硱
ߵݣ롰Դ硱ֱսԴ֮񡱵Ȩ
ںݣҺֵͬĹǣԴ֮ŻˣҵļҲܴ򲢲ʲôǱݻˣѰһˡ㣬Ȼٵǧ磬ٵ򡭡
ôҲԣܷȥԴ磡
ϸһ㲻Իҡ
ӽеԨɫеŹ֣һƻ֪šԴ֮šǰϢ
ոոо롰Դ֮šĻӰڣЮšȼڤ
ȼڤΪʱƳģһֲֿĻ궾һΧӿ緺ģ롣
棬ЯšȼڤͷŵˡԴ硱



һǧپʮ 
߲ʲġԴ֮šýʣһɫ
ɫ
ǡȼڤɫ
꣡
صġԴ֮šڣ·ɫĵۣǸ˲ɼҲɸ֪أšǰկݱŵ塣
ɵĹԴ̬ڡԴ֮šǰ
û֪ͨʲôķʽаڶ룬Ҳûܿôض͡Դ֮šӦġ
ֻٿһڡԴ֮šǰ¶棬Ϳס˾档
ֳһɫӰ롰Դ硱ƺĳֶΣԴ硱֡
̫ʼ
ŮٱƨɵµͷţȻǰһء
ɫͫ˿̱ĹâҿһƬɫ̬ҲˡҸоҪûĻ
̫ʼûκβҲһĹž޲ȼڤ
ȼڤ
Ȼȼڤ
һĿ⣬ǧĽ֮⣬ħһս֮ϣ䵽˳ġԴ֮šҲ䵽Ԩϡ
һ壬ֻ֪ȼڤͿ£ҲԹ
ǲ֪ȼڤа࣬Ǵ˿̻š֮ͷų糺콣âնɱʵԨ
ΪԨΪʱûгݣʱҲ̫ݡ
ҲʹãȼڤͷҪȺ汾˶
һЩսʿֻ֪ȼڤԺݵҩڣһλаҩʦŻѪƳġ
Ȼ󣬡ȼڤٱݵЩߴ⣬뵽һЩء
ҰҲġ
áȼڤа֮ĸΪɱĿ꣬Ĵޣߴڵ֮Ҳмԡȼڤɱ¾
Ϊ˻궾ɵ͵ߵҲںµѡ
ȼڤԴ磬ݱԴа飬Ǿˡ
Ԩնÿһֻʵ
ڡԴ֮šǰһнΪŨɫƣڷݳͻӻ֣ɫĻԴ硣
ȼڤĿֲԣӽΪСĻ鷢ѸٵǿԣٳϷǿв
˻궾ļںδһţһױ
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һЦԡŪĿռУ׿ըˡ
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΢һĿռ϶ͱ׹硣
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治ŲæأһŨ̵ɫȼڤָĻԴ硣
ſڣֻǣԴ֮ҲֻС֮ѡڼʱΪûһԴ֮ţںݴȻԴ֮Ҳ̤Դ磬ʵؽ򣿡
𣿡
šԴ֮šЦơ
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Ԩ׼ȷظӦǵʶѱÿտյ
Լ꣬ųѷͨĲʵϡ
˵ѲǴˣ˿̵͵ֻۼݺ
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ֻܷǧֻʵֻǧƲлֻҪӳһʵȥͲȫϾ
ȣжԴ֮ڣڲú󸴻

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貵Ľ⣬ᴩüģǻе¸ĻͥѨϡ
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Ԩػӽ΢ʱ׷ʵ
Ǽ䣬ֻʵĽ⻮ʱ˻ҽ
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꣬δڽ£ڴߴͣЪس
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Ԩһ䣬ؿ˹棬ȫɫġԴ֮š
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Ȼ߲ɫġԴ֮šɫ˵һ˵ġԴ硱Уȷ˲ٻ顣
һǡԴ֮ڱ̹˹֮ܵ˴
ڵӰҶˣóǱʹɱڵĹȣӰҶЬ䡣



һǧپʮ ݱԴ
棬̫
սյԨǵɻӰЩп
Ϯɱ棬ʧȥĹӦòⷽı棬ǿ·ߡ
°֣Զֵɡ̴Цȼˣ̳ھ۷ߣЩߵӣһӲ
Ԩã䲻ͻɱֵ֣ɡ̴Ц춼пܳԸƿ
Դ֮񡱼Ȼ޷ӦԾٽһֵɣ̴Ц죬Ҳһǰ͵Ϯ
Ȼֵɺ̴ЦսסİϮ
ֻҪһûֵɡ̴Ц˾Ĺƽս͸ôˡ
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ᣬһٻءԴ֮šͻȻսһζˡ
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ݵĽԨ֪Ҫڸ磬񽣳ڸ磬ںལУܻʵڵĵø籣ȶ
꣬һԸᴩĺܳס

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ǧȻĲʵųɾűĨɱҲмֻ뵽ռѷ죬صͨǱ
⣬Сɫûִǰвʲô
˾£վǺӹŽļװ壬̺ǻ۵˹ĻӰϣҪû´ĻˡɲǼ̳е̫Ĵѹ̫鱾ˣ
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ڵĻع飬걻Ĺ£ûڣڵҲʼó˵ˡ
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ڣڵ̷ɽĴεҰף
ݺһ˵
ĺݣ˵ս̫Ȼϵļһһ⣬ĳһ̱С
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ݴ磬ʵҹҲͦҵġݺ˵
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Ҳ֪ô졣
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ͷ
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ŵԨҲ֪ԼĴڣԼ̫ʼ͹ģͲٹڡ
ܿ죬ͻ̫ΪԼ



һǧپʮ ػظ
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зУſиʲô
䣡
֯ĴĿӰ֮ӡԴ֮šд¸һſǳҲžҡ
Դ֮šĹŹֲ·ϣըѱܹǳ
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ԨͻȻӦĲʣԭͺʧа̳һҲǴɡ
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ֲǰҵĵߣҵȻûǸ߷ߵ˵



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ˣȫˣѹӡ̳ĺۼԴͷӡᱻ׵ĨȻ̫㾹Ȼţ콣ն̨Ȼ뵽



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˵̫ʼаҡͷЦҪԺ˵ɣ
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ΪЧңġ
Ȼﻹٴθ˻ӦҪĲǾԵġ


ڷ⣬ͻȻؿмͼӡϷĺԺ
Ȼ֪ܿĺ壬֪ͼʽء
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Ҳ֪Ӻεģûܹǲּ򣬿ӡһͼû죬ȴǱܱ
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˵ͷܸӣǺĸ֪Ҳһѡ
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Һ㲻ͬҲ㵽ԸðһЩյġԨЦЦеն̨Ҫ̫ãܹ̫ݻͬϤ򣬵ѹˣҺʲôµģ
һۣڣ̫飬ʵҲõġ
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ոλսʿūͣ㰵Ū˶ٸԨȤأһλеĵλɲͰİ˼Ѫδǰ;㾹Ȼ˵ģΪרŴһͨ
Ҫû㶫ͱˡߵ
һ£ǰʵǺӣ֪мͷǿվ޵ĺᣬҲӵ˻ôȥˣ֪ûҴߣ֪ʲôˡ



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ˣ֪ͷŴֲԼᱻԸ֪вԺ󣬻ѡȥǿձ߽硣

Ӣݵ̫ʼʹҪ뿪ʱüë΢Ǹ¶ЦݣԨ˵λŮʣԵְ
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ôˣԨҲʡ
شһϢ˵λŮʣ㻽֮ǰȥ˻򡣴£ֻһλ֪Ǳصǧ磬Ͳһ䣬̽ſ¶ࡣ
̫ʼͷ·Ҫͷڵ޸ƽͻȻôˡ
ȻҲڻ򡭡
̫ʼһЦȻԵúѺõأĻߵˣҾ˰ɡ
ɫЩࡣ
ƺǺݵǻĲ񣬶һֱҪãһֱԸԵɷ
Ŷˡ
̫ʼһͷ·ʲô˵Ҳȥֻǣڻûȫѹûⷽӡ󡣡
΢ЦԨѲµ࣬ҲûٿڣǰʱϺݴأǳݡڣݵȶ⣬̫飬мǼһƯǺӸ
Ҹ㱾ȥ̫顭ҲӦǱȥġ
ߣֻ̤صڼ䣬̫ԼҲٴ̽򡣡

ʱԨĿ⣬ҲԼоƺгļҪȼ
˰κ󣬼Ȼڳ״̬
ˣȻŮҲڣҾͷˡ
̫ʼڲٶһȻǧ磬ҿܻȥݡȻںݣȻһҪںݾͲκԼ
ûͨԭģƿص̫ͨʼȻ죬ڻ谵ǿգʱ˸һ£ܿûټ
ļƣڸ̽죬ʲôǺźꡣ
Ͳ񾿾ʲôϵ
̫ʼȥԺȻԵԥˡ
ԥţҪҪԨһȥ̽һ
սѣѡ
ԨԺУɸֳŮʱ¾Ӱĵͦɵġ
ҪȻǿľޣᱻɱңͬҲҴľ֮һҴ뵽һӦҿҲѡɫ̫࣬
ԨҪеոյ֣Ԩسȡ
˲
Բбľޣ֪Ԩǵڵĵߣն̨ɱ۷սʿ캰صλʱĵĲ԰ɾ
֪ҪȥʶԨ
Ҳ룬һµķʽԨദ
ȻԵĲСԨݣƵ֮λƵǰնߣΪǿվ޵ĽͱҪҪ
´ˡ
һ̾Դͷ˼룬ҪңԲԼȻһЩԣ֪ϵܲһҪ׿ڸңֹڻɱҡ
ֻҲŸðȥ
һһǲ¡
ԼԨػش
á
ͷ̬ɳƬʵǺӷȥ
ԨֻԨĻỳɡ
ɼȻԨλ
ŲŮʣȻҲһ㣬͵֪ࡣ
̫ȻͺԶı䣬ôԨͬĲȻǼʵѡ
ֻ񣿡Ԩ
뿪ԺҵǸսʿὫŪߵġﱳһ䣬ˮѸۡ
Ľ£ܿͳһˮء
ԨϸССˮڣصˮ֮±Ⱥǽĺˮܣ
򸽽ʽǿΪŨֻȴޱȡ
ն̨ͷ˵ܶôӵǿܣֻҪ㹻Ķ࣬㹻Ũܽת
ǿձֱ߽ˣ˵ˣͷǳʺϾһ塣
ԨۣµڲĸʽǿܣֻΪŨ
κεǿսأǿŨһ̶ȣܴһЩ
Ʃ磬ĵرУ塣
ݵǿߣΪһ̶Ⱥ󣬻᳢ԴӾĺԨκп־֮ѰĥԼһ㡣
ĸ徫Ѫﵽһĸ߶ȣҲȥǿս̽
򣬾֮һ



һǧһʮ ̤

һ̤أԨϤС
Ȼû˸ըȴ֪һ
ҲֹһΣ

ŨǿܣӰ˷۶Ѩն̨
ն̨ڲСأ̩̹޲ǿϽɫڷ⡣
ڣչӣǻص˼ңصѪķԴء
ն̨ԨѨסȥǿܡ
ŨܣҲȷʵĴڣĺ£ɸӿ׷ն̨
֪ΪΣһ̣һԨһָо
ڻѿ̩̹ޣڻ߳ն̨ڻ
ֹˣҲı䲻ˣһᷢʵ
ն̨µļᣬеǿվޣڻ򣬶ɾӿǿܡֻǣʯֲȣն̨ŪĶԵЩ˵㡣ﾪأԨѨڡ
򡭡
Ԩûն̨ȽĻͷųչ
ʶˮǰʱһִıС
ѧӤཬͲά裬ϿĻÿһʹࡣ
ĸ֪ڻУȵˡ
ݵ壬ûлһϯλûΪǰڻ˵Ҳ֣һӵԪ񣬵˻ֻͻȻӰ졣
ûżԨʱȥ
Ӧ򻷾ģǿվ⣬ħħħ꣬ǿվһܹڻˮӦƣСȵǿ
˵ĺְ
֪Ԫߣɱһ̣ʵͱħеԪħ
ΪǿߣԪһγɣ˲ͱòһˣڻɵظ֪
֡
ԨԽն̨ٴθӦն̨ڵʱ֮ܣ类εطơ
˵ƺܵʱ֮дܣж;մ
ɼȻԿռ޽ΪΡԴ֮ƫƫĬr̴ЦˣͨŪ˵أ
˵Ĳ⡣
ֻ֪ڻһԶֲĿռ䲨ӦǺУռ飬ﵽһĸ߶ȣӹĻѡȥϧڽȥ󣬾Ҳûܳ

һ֣Ԩͻǿܸ
ΪɢڻĸǿܣʮֶѪΣ
¶ŵı壬þĥҲ˲ĸо
Щ͸Ƥë׵ܣƤģ类ͨ졣
ȻǱǽ¶þȫӰ졣
񣬻ڴ⻷ڣն̨㣬ֱӾӿеǿϴӾ
Ĵﵽļ𣬾ͲӰˡ
￴ĻΪ˷ֹѪ⣬ʱŨǿܵʴ˵û취ڹǿУѪ壬廹Ҫǻ飬ļҵ
ֻҪǺݵ壬۾ٴεĴĥԴﵽĵزһֱƣɲһֲġ
Ȼۡ
ԨӦҲߵ̬롣
棬Ԩܿµˮݣӿˮ֮ԽԽŨʹûֳ֮Ҳˮ
ڵƣһЩѵĽҲڼӿϡ
ҪڻڣûǿУûбǿڶϣʵʺָƣʺĳ׳

һȺն̨۶ٿ
ǰŨĻɫ۵ĿŨ䵭
Ưеģ΢СʶأŤĳСʮĹֳ棬ȺӵؽŲʳ
򣬺ǿձ߽Ȼͬ
ǿܵŨŸʽ
ԨЦ
Űʱͣ£üͷһƬǺ
ĹͷһƬǺڰɫѪ
һ˶ͷ­ûƤͷʨһ㣬תŵĽɫ⣬͸ܡ
ʨͷǣյڣھӰš
һλ׽ޣһλħʨͷۿڡ
ƺ棬Ѿ˺ܾúܾõӡ
ȷݶۿڣϸ֮󣬻ƼªļҾߣӺ̨ȫԹͷƳɡ
ǣԱߵĹǺڣ˼еֵĴɡ
֮⣬̹˹û뵽棬а׽޺ħ񣬹Žʨͷ­Цһʵû̫ľ档
ȻδɻǷǰ׽޺ħܱȣԶ۰һʨͷ­ŪһƬǺļһԵúꡣ
ǲŽ򣬾ּģ˵ͷʵΣա
Ԩüͷûôд󣬡вңģҲġ

ƬǺм޴ʨͷ
ǺҪȥ뿪򡣡
һʾԨ֣ýն̨Ҳ
Ԩհ졣
λ
һſڣ˺ͽµˮݣͺʮƬƶĹǺǰ
ż뿪ڻѵʲôֻ𣿱𣬱֪ô
Ļû˵λħħͰ׽ޣѡˡ
Ǻڵǣ类׽ǣţк˸űĹâӡŽĵ
żħ˻ħԺħӰ



һǧһʮһ пʵ
涯֣ƺǿսеĴкʽ
һλ׽ޣһλħħ񣬿ԨģڲսͷǰȻ塣
Դ壬ƬǺҪʹɱ֡
Ӻܴ󰡣
ӭ˲ǵĹΧЦ
¡
һ죬һӨ׵ͫͻȻ
յĻâ»ɭ䣬Ϊŵĳ򣬺Ө׵ıС
ħͷõħӰΪͫндɱ
żħԻܱħͷĶ֣
һ˿˿̣۽ʱѽħĻ֮ɻ⡣
ͻȻһţµˮڣʱ̵ˮ顣
ÿһˮ飬뿪ˮݵԺ󣬾޾Ȼûźǿܣɵ㣬ʨˮ㣬һؽײըΪ촷ۡ
캣ޣĶᣬѸƬǺħͰ׽޲ʨͷ­ȥ
ۿɼˮ֮أԾ֣ǺǿлһƬˮ
ƿصˮ֮硣
ǿվޣ

׽޺;żħȺгʱ֪ײˡ
ᣡ
żħ񣬴ʨͷ­һۿɳɫħӰٵؾһŮӣüǾɫ˵ҽм򰲣ħħ壬ΪһԱԡ
Աħ͸ŻңȻ֪ͷ
Ҳ֪ڴ˷ǿսǿվ޺ħһѲ
ĺΪʹͳ˧¡ϣ塣
λ׽ʶǰĿߣȻǴӺѵҲϽƢСػش𣺡棬˺ܴĶǸоԽԽΣˣԾͼ뿪ˡ
оǡ
кİ׽ޣ˼˵˵¡ˣȺڣûһֱҲ˳۵ˡҲҪңҪһȥ϶顣ҽ˵ǵȡ¡ĵλͳսʿս
ڻ̫ãѹǿգڷľ޴󶯵
뵱ȻΪﱻĽںݶ꣬һԺݵʹʹ˵Ҫͳսʿȥɱ
ԴˣĻġ
㵹ǲط˵˹ˡٺٹЦСһڻ滹˲ͷ
ʱԨҲյظˡ
õģвСɫ
ʾԨžͺã飬Ӧԡ
Ԩֵɣ㿴Űɡ
ǵݵҧҲˡｫпʵ˵ЦԳƼ򰲵ħ˹Ҳдħ񱴶̹˹ĬԭԼ̫Υħ־Ҳֲôħ񲻱
򰲺ͺⷬ·𶼱ýӲˡ
λҲǳûˣ治ľƣ˾޴𵴡
ħ壬ǶԸļʵѣͻȻĿˣ
ܣǵ̫ܽܣҡͷʹ˵ֻǴǰһߵĿУ֪¡ˣҲţݵǸʲô򡣬ܹɱǵҲţ
̫ˣ㲻֪Ļƽ޵С
˵ʱЩһεˮ黯ĺޣѾڻˮĹǺĺΧ
ʨͷǣˮ飬·ÿһˮ飬˲仯ޡ
ħļ򰲣Ϊ״ľʧܣ״ģŽģﾹȻʲô֪ͨ򰲵ݣħ񼶱Ͳµࡣ
״ġ
Ԩ˳ǣħħ壬ħܱԺΪϲŮԵ̬ʾˣ
㣬İɡ૵
Ҫ֪ڵ
ﲻٸ򰲡ĥ˼ʱ䣬ˮݣƬŪˮ
һУеĺ޾ֻɾ޴ˮΣγˮ֮ѹơ
ձչľܺ󣬺ͼ򰲾ͱԭأ岻ˮֻ֮׸
ˣɱ䣬׺ļһɱ
Ů̬ļ򰲣ħƺڲڻر˴ѣ̽ܵĸսʿĪ˸ɱˡ
һƬڰ󣬻ûѪ
һ޺֮أֳһصϪӣǺݵԴͷòǿˡ

˵ڵľ䡣
Ԩͷ֪ħ̴Ц죬Ĭr顢ˣǱԴ֮񡱸Ū˻
Դ֮񡱵Ȼ͸⵹⡣
͹ҵĻ⼸λðͷϲŮʵɱ¾νϼҡ
Բü򰲻ке˿־壬Ҽ
лˡ
Ժ΢ЦͷͻȻֳ֮
ɫ͵ѹǽʨͷ­ǣΪħͷ­ѹ˲䱬
죬ֻһ򰲺ͺֱˮȷС
ħļ򰲣ˮǻٲĳ
ĺǻʱ׽˼¡
ëȻĹﴫһСƬͷ
ԨһߣԹϰ
Һ˷ѿֻ࣬ΪҪڵ򣬻Ѫƿصˮ֮Ҫһʱ䡣
»ǰſڿǺҲȥ
±ʱһ̣һһ˵ˣѪ⻹꣬Ũָܻ
żħ񣬺Ѫİ׽ޣǿɿڵļȣΪҪ
ǿս򣬲ɱǣɱңǹ򡣡



һǧһʮ ʱ
ѹ֣ô²Ůʡ
ԨݸһЦǿսڣ˲пᣬһλŮʱûԼеͣҲɱ١
ϴΣͳˣ̫ʼɱʱ͸о˳˵ս쭡
ص壬ȥ˰ʥؾó˽һȥ
λһ壬ڵŮʱ£̩̹ʧʱǿվȺһĴڡ
⣬ǺӵľǣŮʣʶܡ
δȻҲ⡣
ûڣûĳŵ֪ڻǲġ
ﵹ̹ҲûñȲŮʲôö˵ġ
ǿվ޺ʱǰľޡҪǱݵı̩̹ԺӦþǿˡ
Ԩͷ΢𣬡ôǿ
û˾żħ񣬺һλ׽޵ɫһЩҪûĻӵеռ򣬲Ӧֻħ񱴶̹˹ǻ顣
Ǻе˶
ʱ׿ƶ֮£սǾһĻԻ͡ȻĻ޲ڻ򣬻Ǹ߳ǺӸ磬;˱ܣһǵĽ¡廳ȥ
廳ȺǸư죬Ѳʱ
˵ҺоԹͲŮ˽ãȺǿնԨ˼ۣ뵽˷ʱ;һǺӣɢ
뵽ֽЩǻĲֶΡ
ھȺУʱǻ飬ǰֻǲֵһϣȻԽС
ǿǺӵ鿴ūۡ
Ǹٹ̣ӡѪ˼룬ǺѱŤתġ
ûħ񱴶̹˹ûݵɾǼɱǺӣܼʱ䣬󲿷ȫΪ֮أмӿֳأǻɻҽ
˵Щûʲôˡ
еͳޣأҲѱڸǣֻúûţǱ۷սʿΧˣǸȡѪӲ룬ļһĽҵѪ⵱սƷ
𲻿ʱȱֱʹ
أȷе㵹ù
ԨͷҲеͬͷǿվ޵ȻûϺʱʱ򣬾ʱ̹˹սˣڸ£޳زɱ
òףҵԴѪ½Ϊܹ̩̹ٴһ塣
ȴ֣ƺһЦ
Ƭ̵һˣһޣٴ롣
ԨչҲն̨Ǳһ̬·
;УûǳأֻһЩ飬ӴսĲкϡŹ޵ʬǡ
ܶޣδŵġ
Ʃ硭
һλֻնͫĻˣקųβͣǺһƤ֪˶꣬һì͸ǻһľʵսװϡ
壬һħͬƾãȴѾȺ
Ƴһۣ޲˵Ⱥٽ壬ں廹ûǰ͸շչ壬ǿյĿȨȻȺ¾Ĵ׷ɱʱӵ˻򡣡
󣬾ô˻򡣡
ԨһǰǿƯˣ֪ࡣ
һȺ֪ľʮǽΪǿġҲǵõֻ࣬һȺǺʱУʵʲô
˵˼Ԩû塣
Щ壬壬Ȱ廹Ů嶼ǿ̹˹ûнΪħǰħҲǿȺЩȺбħҪǿģأ
ȫʷУһ壬Ůȴǿʢ
Ҫ˵࣬ݵؼ࣡͵壬̩̹ںݣԴںݣӲǿհħѹȥ
Щ壬ʱʲôأ

򿪻ϻӵǽѹ꣬ĬĬܱ䣬һƣһգظпǧ

һȼŵãͻȻԶƮŶ
һƬƬڴ䣬ǽڵУԵѪ
õĴгҵҽʣбѵ̫飬б
ң̫ƬڶĻӻã˸оܹ졣
Ԩģóȴֻ۾
ࣿ
ԨȻǲѪСص񣬺ظоõڣڲصĸʽУꡢѪ
߻ϣγɵ֮ںݱƺΪ࣬˵̬ҲΡɽ壬ȻҲһá
ħڵһھޡҼǵãҲǽʲô½𲭣̫ԶˣҲǺȷأмûعˣڳħڵĵ伮ˣսҡ
Ȼ˼ǵҵ֡
һ©ĹǷŵȼôΪˣΪңҲûʲô⡣ҲǼ꣬ҲһǧûܳˣҲѹΪˡ
¹½𲭡Ԩɫһи¹ˣϵã
Ҳս𣿡
ȼŵãɵԨǰУһղк֣һǡ
λһǧûغݣûĳħڴޣԵЩ˸С
ţھԨ
ٺ٣Ӿû󣡡Ӹ˵شЦӣǴڽ俪ԣ
ƺ㲻ˣϵϢͲǿܣ֪壡
СӣĻԼӦҵͬ壬Ϊκʹһ
ǲǱܻ׽ˣòģң걻׷ɱͶ·һ



һǧһʮ ĵǰ
½ɵأԨɨš
ڻ̫ˣ֪ݵľ棬Ѿ췭ظľޱ䡣
ΪȥдӺݶ壬ʱ򣬶ȻͬЭ
֪ڵĻع飬ݵĸɣ˺ѳ˲ͬӪ
벻Ϊ׵ħ壬塢Уͬˡ
½𲭵ԨǱĽˡ
ȻԨǺݵ壬һϵ¹˺øУڰʵ
ѪħˣǶѪŻ̬ɣ
½һڴڣᵽ˵ܣһƫˣѪħһλħ
ǰҺ㲻̫ͬˡ
ԨҡҡͷﲻعЦü˵Ұһ㣬ǳħڵǰԨԴġ
㲻иŮˣħħ𣿡
аͷԨͣԺЩӪħڻǶģ治֪ôġܲԕFʲôҫһϵ
иŮˣҲħ
½𲭷໯ȼ仰䡣
Ƭָ̹˱̬һλƤںɫͷմ۹һԸԲͷ
ͷĲϣ¶صĸ첲ϣźܶవ
ЩУȴ̲񱩻ɽ
ѪСأһӿҽ̶ĻͥСأǷţв֪Ļȼա
ڶԨϤģϤĻħƺԣҲ޵˲;硣
ڵĻôһӻ⣬ûһرľͨȥϯλ
̫ûسħˡԨЦЦ
Բ׵½𲭣͵ۡ

ųҵĻ棬Ǵ˵ǿ֣ܵһУСӣӳȥҰæӻƬ̣
ƺѪħһͷ޵̣
һֱıͷ½𲭣ڸӦеŵĹֽ
ԨȻ
̣Ϸ򲻹ˣڵѪʧѣȻ㵱̣в̫ˬԨ̫Ļջˡļһˣ뵽ҵһֻ۾
ͫһӿ˳½𲭵ǰ͵׳
һִգ
ҵ̫ԣ̫𣬽½أӳյ
һĻ籩Ǵγɡ
½еĴգǱ󣬴ͷŵĿֲһֵѹơ
ǡ
ھΪ㲻̫ߵ½𲭣˾š
һǧǰǽĺףСӵľ粻ֵһᡭ

û˵꣬½𲭾ͼʶ˿ԵĿţȻһͷǿվޣ
꣬ǽʱ֪ѹһͷޡ
ͻƵھԱսǺӣˣһͷױľޣԡ춼󡱰ǽ
ûԨˣû˶ؽŪ
Ҳδܿɫ̬ײƲӺĻ档
ˣ㵽ǰһ㣬Һ˵仰
ԨԼĴ㣬üһۣ˻ָֺһλ
ѵ½һһ뿪
㣬Ȼָ
½ɵʱҲ֪ŪˣǰͬҲǴӺݶͬСӣûбܻ
¹ڳħڲ㻹˭ӡ󣿷ҫܲԕFչЩ󱲣Ԩʡ
¹ԱĻֻҵӱЩһŲ֪ˣڳħС֪ģ¹ͬڳҪ߲٣ûԪڴѹλġ
ԪʱʹޣмΡ
ԪڣоԽĻɽֻҪԪں𩻹ڣħھԳͷ
ԣӿֳķߡ
һִգȡԪڵģһλʵߡǳħڣҲΪ𣬳ɹΪǿСԨ΢Ц
Сӵ룬ʵ𣿣
½һȣ˷ܵس߿գ۾ڣǿڣڣӿ⣬ҵʱ֪ϣλߣû뵽ǧ󣬹ɹˣ
ʲôȡģ𣿡½ɻ
ֹģҲˡԨش

ͬ½𲭣Ͼ־޴ݡ
ݣݾʲôôԪڲսô壬ݸ˰ɣ
ѵǾǣҪǴħ񱴶̹˹ˣ
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ն̨ļˣɫâͻȻʢ
һһĽɫǧɳĽɫ嵽᳤ڵɽǰ
ʮƽĲдܱ֮Ľɫ᳤᳤µɽ·ܵظе
ֲײ࣬а
ͱɣڶĽɫȥ˺ҧɽ
꣡꣡
᳤µаɽҧģһӾС˲١
ͷȥĻƽն̨Ȼܡ
һβɫСһˮ棬ҡβ
ˮصӨ磬ʼڽĹ⣬Ԩ᳤սɵĿֲನĵػ
ԥһ£˵ԨҸһСС㲻Իƽڵ᳤ȥӲӲʵӦô֡
Ʃ귽桭
ļһԽǵΪͻƿڡԶʱͷƽҲȱ꣬ǾɱΪ̬֮ʧȥ˾ۼ֮ǵǹ롣
辶᳤ͬѲⷽƣ㽨֡
˵һǰͷƽȱݣ֮Ѫͭǽڰ࣬ⲻ˵㡣
̵Ľ֮ܵУܵѪ֮ơ
Ψܽ귽Ĺ¡
ݵޣ絽΢ոʶʶǽ޼ɽͽڴԽҲǷǳ֮򵥡
Ȼˣ귽ƣԸа᳤ҲյЧ
㣬ոԼΪβⷽɱԨɫһ
귽棬ûʲôõóֵҺ㲻ͬġ
ָ
ǵԨһݣԨȻ̫Զʱ۷ƽܺɱο᳤
ԡ
һ䣬ն̨е񣬺ȻƮ˳
һûãеܣԷ£
ף
оޱ⡣
ն̨Ľɫԣ᳤µɽڶɫɫɫɫâײš
񣬾ȻܹȫӵأڶĹ֮дԽ
ֱӾ͵᳤ǰ
᳤ͫڽͭòȻԨˣɫЩã
ಣ
ԨԼ᳤ֱüġ
뿴᳤Ժʲô״뿴᳤ûоȣܱܲ
Ȼһ̣ͿһĻۡ



һǧһʮ 
᳤ʶУԨû꣬ҲͶӰ
ֻһȭͷСοյĽ
СɵĽɽɫɫͭȵȾƬشɣ˿ͷŲӲӵĸɫâ
ɫ޵Ĺâ᳤Ժ磬ҫΪѤá
Ԩһۿȥһں⣬ʱĴ
ͬտɫԶԶ½عĺݣȭͷСĽһƬƬĽɫɫͺ֮ͭ䣬ûԺӣЩ״ġ½ءмȫǿյġ
οյڲҲֻһڽ飬ϸԺԨкܶ硣
Ǹĺڽ飬ԨŽ࣬ͷ᳤Ϣһޣᵭľζ
״Ԩ񣬿ǿοյĽس

οڣССĺڽУͻѣĿĹ硣
ǧȷ˿΢ϸĹ磬磬һƬƬĽɫɫͻͭ顣
ţǴһڣӵอٵľ硣
ֽĿƬСĽ½أͻȻһ

Լ䣬ԨƿĽС˶ӬҪСЩϻ⣬ۣۡ
ÿһС˶ûһ˿Ѫ⣬·ΪΣӵꡣ
еĽС˶Դ᳤ϢֻϢ
ԨΪ죬ţĬĬ
Ȼοսͷںڽ֮УоһֺͺݵıԴһƵϢ
ϢһԨһ¡
ٴо
᳤Լ꣬ȫοյĽ򣬴˽ŴȥٲȻһûɽӴأǴԸֽɵء
أͬΪ̬ĺݣۿơ
ǽɫɫͺƬĿ״Ǵ˽һ½أ½ؼ䣬ǿտյģûָġ
ĺġǸڽ飬ǴԴ
᳤ͷǺڽ飬Ҳ᳤ʧȥѪӦеУ᳤õĮ顣
οսĺģţڽɱ䣬ѹûγɡ
᳤ʹ˺ڽںϣԴοսĴ죬ҲԶԶû
ڻʯѣϮ;˴ޣһ߲ڽڵ壬һں׳
֡
Ԩվն̨ıϰ᳤ͨԺһУꡣ

Ө׵̨棬ͻȻ䣬绯һɼ˵ľӣ񿴵ĳӳ˽¡
صοսڵĺڽ飬Ϸص磬ųǧ磬һƬƬӡ
ûϢɢݣ¶ģ᳤Ժ쾰
οڣڽ֮ģƺݱԴȴԲͬϢ᳤ĻǾڵСʶ˵ţ͹۲쵽ġ
ָŽµοս򣬵ÿһС˶Ծģ᳤΢ϢÿС˶ϡο壬ҲһСأֻǳΡ
۵һɫСˮݣͻȻ
̬֡
ͷרעؿµ쾰ǣɳƴص˵ǾȺڣһЩ˵ôһ˵˵ϵ̩̹ɱһͷаľޡ
ͷаޣ֪մȾʲôӶʧȥѪ⼡壬á
һָͷҲָοյĽ򣬵ͷаޣͱúͷĽƣƤˣ޹ǳ˼̵Ľ޵࣬Ҳǧٿףοյ״̬ȻҫĹ紮š
ûۼֻվ˵ͷаޣĳǿսűġֻǣа޺ܿ㱻̩̹ҵûȫ׳ûг׳ǰͱ̩̹Ĩɱˡ
ͷа̫죬Ҳ̫ף¾û̫⡣
᳤ԺеģǸοյĽ뵽վ˵£Ҳȷ

꣡
ʱĽɫն̨ĳײ᳤ɽײ䡣
ޣɵľܣ˲仯۳ɢ
һĽɽɽɽײģɫ˺ҧģ˲ͬ״ȴûը
ĽɢԺ󣬳Ƿǿա
᳤ڣĮȻɫâͷţԺοս򣬶ʱͬΪɫ⡣
һͷţâҫ֮أޣѪʹأ·Ҫâ
ȻԺģԨǵ񣬴˿̾쵽в
ವһƾźն̨ľϵԨǵ˲»صն̨ڲ̫ԡ

ն̨Ө׹Ļס˴᳤дģܹᴩصҲԨһûܵӰ졣
žણžણ
Ľʯ໥ʱһţ״Ľѡ
ӱɫ᳤ûһѪ飬ӦҪ߱ԡ
ն̨סһƣƺʶڵûɱԨԱ㲻˷ʱ䡣
ڲεĽѣûͷһۣһ򣬳Ż롣
ûãǽѾͲ֪١
֪ΪʲôҸо׳ȥпв򡡣üͷ壬ӦӦúͷаľޣһԨԴϧվ᲻ڣȻĻܵõõѶϢ

ɫ㣬ն̨˸ţԨò
᳤Ժοս͸Źδ֪֮ԨûǰҲŽû͸̽졣
֮УȤˡԨ΢Ц˵
뿪ˡ



һǧٶʮ 
ڴ˿̵᳤ΪɵԴǼ䶼ء
һͷǿվޣմȾǿսвѪԺ󣬱˽ĹԨ򦣬üͷ
ģ˼·
ݣݣ
ѪСڣڶ൹⾧ʯ״ྦྷţһŸӵط˼
Ԩ᳤ļһչȥ˭Ҳ֪ʲôĺҸо˹Ļƽ̬׳᳤Ҳеͷۡ
ȻΪա
ԨǾ뵽ࡣ
΢ͬѨϵѪٻ˳
һ͵ϵѪɫ磬˲ʻ
ǵâն̨ӫ⣬˿ȴأͼȥӴǱ
ҲǱЩĹâͼԽն̨Ө׹ĻĹâ롣
âǰ᳤ɫͫͷŵģ᳤뿪Ĺ𣬽ʣ⡣
ҪԨʲôЩɫҲʱʧ
ǣٻĹâȻֱûԾˣҪȥӴ
ڣɺѪѪ߽֯ڶСѪɫ˸Ѫꡣ
ʱѪ类ĳƻȻԨ˵ƿء
ߣ
Ԩһ糺콣â˽ȥľ콣磬Ѫꡣ
بڵأÿһѪ궼Ϊ֣֮̽
ҫѪʱһ
ȻԨ°Ѩϣɫȴޱء
ҸոտģοսҪǺͷģ޹ǳ˽ľǣĻôԨ
ʲôȡ
ͷаޣϵ̩̹ɱԺ̩̹ϣĵ򷨹档ԣĺݣ˱磬ûֹܳĶ
Ԩһϳ̵棬ﻹһ󣬲ų

ﻹûףһ죬һӨ׵ͫǼкͷꡣ
ںݴôãӦúʥûܴꡣֻǵֻЩսʿսߣû͹ȥͨġ
Ǻݣ̫ڲ꣡󲿷ڣ
ܶͨɼϡȱĽ⣬󶦣ͭ¯һɽɣЩڣӡͼ֮磬עʡ
ԽͭȥྫƵγ꣬ǲ᳤𣿡
ڸоϣͷ޹ǳ˽ȴ꣬а𣿡
ΪʲôֻкݵڣصģûУ
Ԩʡ
㶰Σඥ㣬ͻȻˡ
˵ݵ̩̹֮꣬նɱͷаޣ͸һܹýҲķ򣿡ﾪС
Ԩһֵ뵽˸࡭
᳤ǰͫҪȡն̨ǺӵΪС
ն̨ǡʯ澭δͷʬ壬γСء
һͷС̩̹Ҳն̨ڱš
᳤еû˳ȡն̨Բֱߡ
Щģûɢ㣬Ѫȴž޴Լ
ĥɵѪȫӰ죬Ҫն̨ĸԽѹƣˡ
֮ǰ᳤սʱ绽Ĳն̨Ѫ
ͷŻǣڽ᲻ᱻ᳤а͸ֱӳΪ᳤ıУ
ɷħأ
󶦵ĲʣҲľвκѪϢֻڶɷħɷħҲꡣ
ɷħۺϲǸױ᳤ȡ
֮˪֮ԯĺħӣĵĻ֮ìڵһöö칬ӡȥĪ٤ħ
ݵڶУȫǽͭΪģܶ඼ꡣ
ԨָоһģûģۺڵǺʥڵ᳤߶пɲǼ᳤ԭִߡ
ܶԪҲгֵЩҲǽ֮
·𿴵᳤ԣǺӸʽʥضЩߣȥɱķĳ档
ңˡ
Ĭ˺þãɫҲԵúأûϵ᳤Ȼҵôһ·ͷ̩̹ɱľޣûϺʱ
ȥǸʱòɼ֮ɸָ
᳤նķأԺС
˿Ժ᳤ˣǧܶþƵ
һһޣһ᳤еġ
᳤ĴڻûԲ᳤˻ڷĽ׶Ρ
ҪǸ˵͸ŪˣԺݵУʥǶҪ
޺еʱѪ⣬ǷѪײǸʱûоߣҲûĳ֣ˡ
ӦˣڣȻðһ᳤
пѡ
׿ֳˣ
Ԩɫһź᳤뿪ͬķλεĸ׿ˣƺ˹Ķ֣ûڶʱս
ಣ
ն̨Ϊһ⣬ܲȴŨҵĻۣٶǰȥ
治¸׿˰
ȷ¡



һǧٶʮһ Ⱥ
һǡ
θߴïܺ븲ǰЦº͵Ĵħ׿ˣһ޴ĳ쾧̳
ǿռǧĶĳ쾧̳̳֮а
쾧磬ؽֲ֯ڼ̳ڣصѪ֮ţ·ʱ̵أ˵Ѫ֮ܡ
̳ǧ򻯣ܳΪֲҲ̵ܻĶܡ
ڸ׿˵ܱ򣬳źܶ᾵ĹʯżѪޡ
һͷڻޣɣͨ帲źɫʯ顣
޴ͫвߵ㣬׿ÿÿӣ궼дҵĸо
ͷ˵еľ꣬ǧʱ䣬Ҳδسһ˻֪߼١
ޣоǧɸߣϵëŴȥ׵硣
ǧǧ׵磬ë
ɫͫС͵ǳȻ׵編̲ء
ܹɱӣڵĴޣܹв͸ģڱԴ򣬻Դȥ
κ׿ҪֳͷޣȻ
ΪͷޣͫصеİҪǲ֡
κ׿ˣ֪ǰޣԭǳƬħأǷγɵģ뿪ԺǺӣѰҸУѪļ޴ơ
ܿϧֻޣȲǿվޣҲǺݵ
ûõһɱĶ̰壬˶ٱҵǳƲѪ
ԶֻͣھżԶʮһһǵ㲻Խ
һֻڣ̤һųҵ̫򣬽֮Ӳӣĳһ̫
ֻĽڣںݵڲɷ
̫ܲɷ֣ҲΪȲ͸̫֮顣
ԪںͳħڵڻУֻڵͼһЩϵУͼ¯ϷҲӰ
˿ֻ̣ǿǿڣͻһ𽫸׿Χ
ǲҪɱ׿ˣֻΪԱ
Ϊǵ֪׿˴ԺѽϮɱĸ΢ѷɫһأҲͬǾżޡ
ǲ֪׿˾ʲô裬ΪҪ򣬺ɱǵͬࡣ
ǺܲһӴЩܣƱسΪǵĸ󻼡ԣֻǰɱǡ׿˶ھ޴̳Ժ󣬶ͷ·Ѫۣ޿
Դͷ
޺ڣûڻһʼΪɱǿվ޵ޣΪѰͻʮѪϣǱڻ
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Ҳ˶ãͷ޸ǿǻۺԡ
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ˣ׿ڻչֶʱؿȥ
һĲѪܺ꣬·Ҫٽȥ
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ӦѾˣٲ˽ˡ
׿ڴˣǲǻ뿪򣬲֪ı̬ȣԸǣԼѪ֮ܡ
ͻ̰һѪܰ磬ھޣҪˣ



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ԨҺϸ׿ˣ߿ǷֳȥֱӼˣ
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ҪѪָһʧȥս
ŵص˻״
侲һ£бĴ㡣
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һãȻΪʲôҪ
ն̨ССֻԨǽµľӨ̨ڣҫţħ׿˺ͷ޵ս
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ǻۺԣǱú壬ǻ൱

ͣ١
һԨֵָͷԼǻҵڲӡУϵ̩̹һ£Ȼܸ޴ġʱ䣬ӦҲǿԵġֻҪʱֻҪҵǸ
ӦþУǰûⷽ롣
һЦԨٴ˵ȻҲǰ㣬ɱҴ˿ڻǲǿԽظ
غнغͷһ
Ԩ˲˷
һۣЦʵҲ֪ģҲһܹӵ塣ԲŲмȥ򣬷װױնС
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ޣΧ㣬ȫΪ׵Ļǻᰲȫࣿ
Ԩŵ㲦
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ܶ˶²⣬ʵ֪ģҲٳûֱղС
ΪҲãɱ䵽ʮҼҲûʲôá
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ûɹ·úķʱ;ֿۻҲŲȥ̹Ȼ˼
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Ԩ˵ͷ뵽õͷ̩̹ޣ˰ء
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Ԩϳġ
ͻߵǣĵһ佫ȫѣܹԴٴιͨľǻۣ涼ѷɫ
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Ҫϸ׿ˣȥ˵Ӫȷϡ
šԨɫһŵ֮ڻУòֶԸ㡣Уһᾡָܵ
ΨһȽϵĵǣûϾԶˣ׿ȴԽǿˡ¶֮ɫ
ڱֳȷʵرĳڣԨС
ϣӦģԴѪ½Ǹ׿˵ĵߣҪΪǵùǴ˵״̬׿ƾʲôҵĶ֣
ƺŭˣģǿ׶ˮ
ͻȻͷһնֳ̨µķλӡھ֮ģȻͷӵõԴѪһֱù˵ǿվޣʱٴֳ֮
һֻɫ㣬ӴأŨˮ֮˷۶
ڻһͷųԭʼľ֮Ͼͱˮ
ӨˮΣܿһƬƬϵ޽ᣬÿһˮ̺Ũˮ֮ˮڵ䱦
񾳺ھˮߣܵõЩˮ飬Ƕˮ֪֮һء

׵ҡβԱն̨ҪķٶȣǼûټ
Ԩ֪һ£ϳļһ
Ԩеģһֱֳսǿһء
ֻΪԼڣŲԸ᳤ӲͷҲˣԼȥУýʡ
Ǳߣˮ֮񣬳˺ݵˮ񡣽֮䣬ǻ᲻ɱгͻ
Ԩֹ
֪ΪΣоһȫָǰ㡣
ûʤ㡣



һǧٶʮ һţ
ܿͲӰ
Сն̨Ȼħ׿ʱǷս֡
ܿҲܸ֪ɸ׿ȴ޴̽ҡ
Ԩ֪ڱԴѪʵԶԶڸ׿ˣն̨֣Բܸտ̽׿ˡ
׿ˣȻħȺΪħܶϤԼĴڡ
׿˿ңͲ֪ҲڻҲͲʱӦҾгʱ䣬ȥĥѱͷޡ
ڲҪǶͷʮޣԺͺݵĸսӵ˵ôı
еĻͷܣȻҲҶʮ

Ԩʱն̨ںХֻٶû졣
ʧԺûеִ׿˵ķλûбն̨ӳճ
ĬĬȫ֪ʱܴ֪λá
ʵΪ˿̵ѪܹںƵԶԶͷżޡ
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ն̨ٿͣ£Ԩͷһͼһ죬һӨ׵Ĺţ֣ͬ͵شն̨ĳð
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УѤõ̻⾪һֵرͷųƬ̻
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׼ȼŽɫԨʾ⡣

Ԩָն̨̨ϵһλãС
ڻ롣



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Ψһܿ϶ǣȱٵһС飬СܲȫƾŬͻƲʮѪ
ԣҪѪϣҪȱٵĲ֡



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ԨҲûڣͷû˵ҲԺû޶֪ҲУǲǺһҵĸо·ĳִȱ㣬ȱһ
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ƺǾ޵Ĵ룡



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صǻԣµǳ̳ͷţҫž޲ǳ
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񣬴˿Ҳն̨ڲ̫ԡ
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֪Ԩʵ˽£һֱޱŽＱˡ
뵱ȻΪ޽óĻ;ӰԨˡ
ôױԻ󣿡
ԨЦһٺ˷ѿ֣࣬ص˵͵ǸߵǰģܹԼ
㡭ȷ𣿡ʡ
ȷţԨȡ
ãðɡ
ΪѴӦޣȻתѪ츳ԨԵ񣬸о紩ڡγɵͨ
ǣĳԺѪܾڣһ
ŵһɵĺζ
оϣڴһڣԺ

ͣסʱȻͳĬrǰԶܹǺӿ㣬ǲĸоԨȻһЦ
̫Ԩ
㺰̫ĬrҲȻðԨסˣĬrȻ˲ָ侲ͻȻͨлڡ
һһо磬˲뵽㡣
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Ĭrп˵
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ԨһϯЩ֪ˡ
֮ħ֮ħ֮ƺʲôҪ֮ǰûƼ캣
Ĭrϣм˿Ȼζҵӡ֤ҵġ
ĻͻȻס
ſ̽ңȻˣһҽĬrںݴ磬־֡
ʼ˵ⷽκλʶ֪˵ʲô
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ΪѾĹ֮ܣ֮û仯׵أ൱ڴ޵Уһ̡
̣ĬrΨһ
Ļסûȥ˵Ϊ޷ŹҪԨĶԻ֪ʲô

ƬǵޣǱ״̬ٴ¶棬ģĻӰ̬·ʾ
ǣΪ֮ߵȴһҰɫĲ⵲⡣
Ӳǲܽ
˽㣬Բչ¶ŮԵĽ棬ͬġͷޣһͷˣ˵ʱ򣬿ɲ㿴ô˺ޣ֪жٸĬrߵ
ӰζĿ⣬Ԩһۣ֪𣿡
ҵĴˡԨЩֿڵĻӦĬr
Ĭrˡ
СԴ֮Դ֮һֱƬ֮ҹزţС
Դ֮񣡡
ĬrɫڱһЩ
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ݣ
߹Уɫ⣬֪̽Ļȳ棬Ƭ֮
ҿûͽѾǰλˡܽκͽ꽵١Դ磬ħ֮֮ҪͨԴ磬ħ֮ûںϣԴ˶Ըǡ
գҪ˺ʹħ񱴶̹˹һս
Ĭrüͷ޵£Ҳûջû޹رƬ캣Ĵ㡣



һǧʮ ʵ쾰
Ĭr֪Դ֮ͼıԺȻԼĲж
ɫ⣬Ƭ֮Ĭr۾ѰŽĻʶ壬ǲԴ֮ͽûԴ֮Ϣ
ƺ֮ߣǲǺԴ֮йϸ
޺ܼĬrȡأȰ˵ĬrĸԤԨ˵Ĭr
Ĭrǲ
Ļɫ⣬֮ʱ̬ĬrĮؿţͣڻҰ׽ޡ
вŮļһ
ĬrһڵһƬ磬չһĻĻ档
Ԩǰģǳ̳Ĵ룬ޱԵĺ壬͸ĺУʬ塣
ʬ壬ޣгԺݵĴ
һĻ棬ޣ˵̬Էıǣ̵иսʿ
Ϊһ󣬽Ѫ⣬ڱá
мŮΪͨȴʰʴԺ
ŮϣĲҽ˲
ŮԴһСţƱ޲ʳԽλ˸⡣
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ǿħСħͷ޳ǹ㣬šһǣһȥ
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еģеģǴ˿ڷŵġû㿴ôҲûôǿվޣǿվ޵У˾ͳԵʳ
ĬrɫĮȻĻ棬ֻ㿴ġڸ㿴ĵطҲûţһֱɱ飬ɱǳ˺ޡ
Ԩ˵ͷ
뵽ʱµ˱뺣ǳ̳ݺ׹ĳʶ޾ʳ
ûûĳ֣µ˸ȫˡ
ԸЩˣûֻɱ֧ԾżѪսʿγɵĶ顣
ڵ꣬ʲôϵ㶼Ҫ֪ɲʲôࡣÿһͷǿվޣڵʵŨҵĺޡҪΪװװĿС
ܹԹ֮֮ʵĬrʱ򣬾ͿԨĶصһ档
ԣͷصģͨľޣûκεĺøС
ãﶼͷǿվ޺һ㣬Ϊ򵥴ֱмŪôĻþȥԻġ
Դ֮ͽ
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ǿյĺڰ֮ȫˣռ͸ˡԴ֮ҲֻסȴɱĬrɫء
ħ̴Ц죬˼ߵۣжԵľ⡣



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Դ磿
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⡣
ڵ˵Ҫ˵һŻʶˣǲʧսҲӰ졣

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ʧɫƳ᳤Ĺ죬
Ҫ᳤ɫӲ

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˼£ҲӦܷġǰûгֹ£ڲԡԶϹԺݵӰˡô꣬ҲóˡҪ㣬ͼӡҵĹͷ֮ϡ
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Ϊϲ룬Ҳ˼ľٶЦ¶ڵĽ᳤о仰һģ»ҪҪһزС
֪ģһݵĵ֮ףԼµĻҡ᳤
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ӿĻɳУǿƺɫĴ½ūͰĵѨ塢ˣձ᳤˲ͱֳ
ĬrȡڣԨ֮ϵ飬᳤˵ĶԻ
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Ϊֹʶߣû˭ֵˡ
ڷөĿ񱩣ҲΪ콣󡱣ǿ̽꣬ƼԴĺۼ
ȻͷˣԿ״̬Ӵܡ



һǧʮ ûħ
ʵء
ڿյն̨ԣ̬һĵ˹
վԨԱߣһ죬һӨ׵ͫһȤصɫű۽̤ն̨Ԩ
;У޲ڣҪԨʱһ
ʱе㵣ģԨ裬ᱻ˵
ͿӰ̬ޣһϼ⣬˲ʧԨü
һ̣ոջеȻͷˡ
ǲŲæعԨԱĿˣ֪ԨǴޣԨʶз˳ͻ
Ԩʶɲͽͳĵطʹޣͨ;и̣¶ֻı顣
Ȼ֪ԨλӡǴûбҼԨĳ
ǵõжô𾪺Ϳ־壬Ӧж
֪Ԩʶһȥʲô
뵽ĳֿ죬̲סغٺٹЦ
½𲭣ھɽ֮ģڳѪˮ¡³ˣǳֲް㡣
ԨʶȥԨУڳ̫Դĺۼ

ȿЦ
ԶĺˮУ޺ڣ˾סУҲѲ
۰Ͱ͵ؿſЦе
ģǲҵĿˡ
һͷޣȻûбޣ޻ȫƬ캣ʧȥһ޻꣬ϣһġ
ͨһ
īɫ¶һͷ⣬߸߰ն̨ڶ㣬ź롣
иȺˮеɳҲĴ
Ĭr˿֮ڲҰ⻯Ϫʳ޵캣һ㡣
ҲķʽƬʵīɫ͸Ҫⷽ֡
ȻֻԨһ׼ʯУһʯ˳ҵޡ
ҪͷޣҪָ׳ǡ
ﹾһƺ˵ͷľż˵ԨŪʯǿԸãԽȥġ
á
ԨĻӦǻѪСش
ش񡭡
֮ĬrԱߣԼʶһغ˵ŻΨû¡
ԣȥӦ
׷һѪѪȥĵطʯķλͷ޵ľ֮СԺ󣬶ʯԱߡȻںδֻҪǿʯˣһ֣
ݣ
һĵ磬͵Ԩǻ룬ֱīɫס
ڴܾˣȻӦ
īɫУɢڸȺʱһĵ£
ѪۻС㣬£֮ڶ
ǼٸȺγɵӸ׷һĵ硣
ĵһ
ʶУԨ곯ǰţպ¡¡졣
һһδ֪飬ִ򣬻ϵħ񣬻ͷŲ̤صľ΢Ǻӵ۷սʿ
ЩʧʷУ̫ɱԨԺ˹
Ԩ꣬һߣħ񡢾֮ǰСȴ޸ܵ˴ֲ
ûħ
ʧС
Ҳڴ˿̣뵽Ԩʶһ壬ʵصľ֮֮޻ͬʱϵ
ҲһΪ
ΪоԨױɱԨʶĻ壬ֻ޻еһС֡
һС֣ľ֮֮е޻꣬ûбڱι
ڣԨʶԨոնԴԨķʽɱĸӦ
ľ֮ľ֮꣬Ѿ֪ⲿֻʲôˡ
ңҡ֪ˣ
޵һֻ壬ȿħԽԨ꣬һֱ˹˾İ
ⲿֻ壬ͻȻͼͣͼõ½⡣
ϧֻһɲǼ䣬ͱڶħɱ

һֻԺԨıһƬ֮УȻһʵĻӰ
ʻӰƬǹ貵ıǰţϢأһ
ԨŤͷһۣһۣʵĻӰʧˡ
Ԩǳ޲һöСӡǡ
·𣬱Щħɵһ޻壬ѱɾˡ

һӴľޣۣǹڣԨƾ˳
ʶ
һƪüϤİĻһĻ飬˼ҳͻȻֳܶණ
ħ
վն̨ϵԨյ˫ˣһ䡣
һһ̬Ĺħ۷ǿߵĻӰֳư磬ׯɭϡ
ն̨Ȼ䣬ƻһϯϷ
ֵħ񼶱ľʮ۷սʿγɵ޻Ӱ̷ǧӡ
Ϊ׷ߡ



һǧʮ ħ
أ໺
һƬͷżޣŴ˷񷣬ŹħϢѪڲ
Ծɴڻþ״̬һ޻ǣ־ĵͺ
ݣԨ
߱³¡ˣ˲λ
ǵ꣬ͷ޵֮УĬr޵սõɣջع鵽壬ǡɿһĻ
ǿԨһһںݴ磬ǺУպħա
·ֻҪԨһЩ춯صħͻΪ
Ȼն̨Ԩ˿̸ǵĸоħ֮
λħ
ӳ·͵õȺף£̳ӦĹڵ伮һգϾˡ
˵Уִն̨λÿɱһλߺʹħ񣬶ͨԷܣԻ֡
ȵ
ħ
³ͽˣҲľȻҲġ
ħǺӣǿǻУƺ㡣

ˮӰ㣬һϺƵĹħԨıʧ
ڡħྫʩչķֶܵΣԻʶֵܱֻԨһ顣
һ飬ͶеľеĻɬ֮
Ҫϸϸ
硰㣬һԺ󣬾ͱһ֣Դ֮һΪ͸
ֻҪӣ˻¶ȫ
Ǳġ
īɫ׵һ䡣
һʯͷɫģҺɫģ΢΢͸̹ģʵġ
ÿʯͷֻ࣬жûʲôѪͻ͸ûһͷš
һĵ磬ǧС£һ˰СʯͷϷͣ¡
ͣ
ĵ磬ͣһ뵽С
ԭ۵ģǧʯе飬ʱǳҫƵ΢С㣬ʯð
֮Уһĳ磬Ԥ׵غب졣
֮û뿪Ļʶ壬һʱһ罫Ҫ˺ѱĿ¸С
룬֮ųѪķ򣬾硣
ҵѪ֮
վڽģĬrĻҰеԨϸֳȻЦݡ
һ˺֣Ȼͳһ£ᵽԼζ
רעǿռ˽ӰҲԵЩȣƺ벻ԨһѪܣȻ޵ʶ
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ȺӿɵΧǿ鲻۵ʯͷͬľϲ
ǿ鱻һĵʯͷڶǹҫһ޿ƥе
ʯ飬˲仯ʯۣںƮɢ
¡
׾ҵ𶯣īɫཬӿţһͷƬ򣬸ǧﺣľѵض
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˵ƬīɫһƬϡ
ͷʯѿ׵Ĵأ֮ʱʯʧıǡ
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ǰڶС㣬չܹˮ֮Ҳˡ
ƬīɫóΪˮ֮аصˮ֮ãǣƾͱˡ
ǿУ˸од֮ǵľܣǣ
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Ȼôϲ棬Ҿú棡
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ĽӴںγһ˳ںޣɳķա
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ǣޣԵЩɵأվԨԡ
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·죬غ¡¡ѡ
ģһĹ˲һ
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Ԩ֪ͬһʱ䣬޵޻꣬ڶԸ֮ڵĬrĬrûȡʶ硣
ǡ
ϱ³˴֣Ӱ첻ܻþӰ죬ǿվ֮սǲ㲻˵ġ
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رųĬ
ʢ£˵Ϊ˿Եò̫ġ
ȴʶ֪࣬ǵ˳޺ֳԺûԨӻĻʮа˾ŶҪ
Ծ˵ֻǸֻǲѪʳ
뿪Ŀǰǵѡ
Եټɡ
³ʱ򣬿ɲµķԣװûµ£ֻǶԨ˵ܻ뿪һȥǧ磬úöʾлҪںݵĻǻǧ硣
ںݵľ£ʹ⣬ûгưԺǰȥݡ
룡
˵˵Բɵ˵ϣ㽫ܳԽģ˭ԲУĻ̫ΣգҪΪԼҲҪΪǿǿǣ
ˣ
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һǳ̳Զظ˹ȥ
أ
ʱҲ˻𣬺͸Ų
ԺԨⷽ磬ҲǳΣգϣԨǣس롣



һǧʮ ̫
ɳ
᳤һʯϷƤⱻ˺¶Ĺͷ
ձһ廨룬ĹǽϿӡͼС
ʱü˵򴦣Ҫɢеľ֮ҪȫңСӡͼУֻɵ
һưܵ¥ѻŷͭݶǶżűʯ
˵ʹǰɣֵðա
᳤˵ʱ͵ĵɴܣͫУͻһĹ˸ҵһŻǡԴˡܹŹֵĸоƺᵽԴͷ͹Ĭrζ
Դ磬εĻʶ壬ͻȻ˽ȥ
ҷ·𻹿һʵĻӰ󱴿ǹš
ΪѰ᳤Ҳǳ˵أյ֮һŻĬrսʱ㹻ǿԳɹһع顣
һع飬ͼǵ֮ľ档
ǲԴ硣
ڻ˺ܶӵϣ¶֮ɫǸطǱһͷ޵ǿվ죬Ӧǽܾ֮ǰΪҲʱǿҴǸ֮ɹˡ
Һ֤һЩļһˣ֪Ծ޾꣬ΪԼĵڶ򡣡
ҲʯΪһʶĺ󡣡
ͨʯڶ츳ʱյȥ̽졣̽꣬ͻ䣬ǻʶĻҲ

һǺܳԾܹѾˡЩ֪ģƬ캣ģûһѵġ
ΪǺĬrս᳤
Ĭr
½ĹԶʱǹڵ죬Ҳֿ̫ѡԴͷٴγߡ᳤Ĭrͷ
̫̫ûغݣûӴݵǿˡЩĺݣǷ˺ܶ಻˼¡ɰͰ͵Ц
֪ΪΣЩ᳤Կն۾Ļɳú˭ע⵽

ǺúôţӦó˲ӡ
Ԩն̨޵Цҡͷοصģͷޣûܻʤ֮⵽ĬrȻرƬ캣
ںУ᳤ħ׿˵۷ǿߣƺ뿪ˡ
뿪ʱԨԵظоǵʶͻУĬrĻҰ׻ߡ
ֲܹĬrǿʶУʶǵϣĬrҲ֪ǵķλ
Ŀ̽ǵ˼룬֪ʲôͼƻ
Ĭrܡš˵޵սѾϷ磬šǰͷŵЩˣҲߡ
Ҫʱһȥһȥ
ûбʶƵĻߣɱﵣ᳤ܶ׿˵꣬䲻һΰϮ
õĻһ᳤׿شǵս
Ե֮״壬ͼıԴꡭԨϽԭȶ᳤һЩεͨĬr᳤ĶԻ˾
Ĭr޺󣬾ڻɱ᳤
ȷʵҪԾ󻼡
ˡ
Ȼ䣬̫µն̨
˺ܾúܾõ̫飬ն̨ڻ𣬰ҵòͣѣϸ΢ص͸ı䡣
ûãѪħİңԾѪ֮ƿأһˡ
һݸ߸ߣ㣬ԵЩġꡣ

ն̨ɳԨǰֹ޳֣ǻķλԨϹ
мԨƺǧҪ˵йһӿС
̫顣
Ԩͷһģ̫飬ļоޱȵ̡
ʱĻģ档
ЩУıһֱվ꣬꣬ԶǼᶨƵ֧ǶԻǴ
Ԩ˼֪ǰͬ飬ˡ
ںòһЩȻûôᡣ
̫ԵЩ˼ڣҼȻκ׶εò֣Ҿѡһɡ꣬Ҹսڣոան̨ʱڵӡ
еն̨ȻǵһʱԨ
أ
޺ڣͻȻΧХҲ˷ܵشض㡣
ͷ޶ϵ֪̬ʱǴ˿̵ģ
ͬǣǰѪ֮Ǻһŵ
ã㣬ô˳ۣ
Ԩأļ򣬺ǰľٶ
ȻʱֺȻòˡ
ϵԨڵһС̫顭ڵľ֮һϲԵȡ
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̫Цӭȶ£ԼײһģļĶ˳ɡ
һصʽ
ӵһȫµ塣壬ǰĻҪ̫ϺУ¶Ȼ˷ܣָָԴҵںûһ谭
Ԩһն̨һӦ
ͼ̫ԺУֻ̫һԪ񣬶
ߵԪ񣬺ħĴħ񣬱һġ
˿̵̫飬൱һλħӵһħ
ħѪħĴħƣ̫ԴħĻ꣬Ѫħħƺޱȵϡ
ֻǣ̫ԺУûкݱԴϢ
Ҳûλ졣
ûλԨȡ
ҲҪλĴڣԴںϣȷܴǿԪսڸоҲܲʹûλļӳ֣壬ҲԸҴ޴սǱ



һǧʮ ѻ
̫һ־Цݡ
ΪͷԭޣͻȻ
Ƕ̫ƺֻҪ̫ڣǾԸһֱš
Ըһֱ̫ԣ춼첻ߡ
ԴԨʱǳ棬֪ԨпǵѪɱ䣬ǷʵķԾ
̫鲻һǽ̫Ϊܹεѡ
Ҳڰ
ûλԴ̸۹̫࣬Ŀ⣬ڴԨƿͷ޵ϣǵ˵治Ȼôڻ򣬾
׿ɱǡԨ
üĿ̫Ƭ̣ͲµȥͷȷʵͻƵʮʺǷĻ
ͷöĿȻһ
ȻޣԭأǿϷ
̫ϸüëһζ֪ںδˡ
ͷҲȻҲͿ޵սںܾúܾǰն̨֮ġµԣκ˵õն̨Ĵ࣬µˡ
̫ɫ΢䣬񷴻ˣ
ͼɱҡԨ
øжļһ̬̫飬仰ʱŨҵɱ䣬ӦģҲ޷ꡣûλİ첻֮Ҳǿʯ̫˽Ļ
˼Ԩڵһʱ򣬰޽ɱ䣬ͷ޶ɹΣڣŪʯ
֮ĵ죬ҲԨ̫ʱһ֮
ݹϵЭ飬ҲԣԺʱαǨ̫ڲֻҪĴֳն̨֣ͷ޾ͱ̷ΪҪ׷档
ΥԼŵԣ
һѻ𣡡
仰Ժ̫ƾʧ
ʧԨͷ޵ǰʧĸ֪У·޼Ѱ
Ԩȴͨо̫ĺۼ֪̫һ˲󣬾ͳֵ·īɫ
̫飬˿ĬĬأȥӽͷޡ
ޣȻû쵽Ǳ֪ǵսУһ̫
Ԩ΢΢ۣ̫˾޸ӦѪӰĽӽʱڲʳǴսʱѪܡ
޺ײ˺ҧײѪգ̫Ȼʳ
ʳʱͷ޻ǻȻ֪
ԭȵĴħ񰲵ң̫鶼Ҫ߳һأԪں壬屻ȼ֮𣬳һ̳󣬸µʱ䣡Ԩ
ĬrټóϮ̫֮飬̫̬
޲ӣ
ȥȳЩʱǻһַʽټ
ͬʱ֮еĬrҲʵ̫Ѫ֮ػ
Ԩ̫ĶԻ֪ܾǰޣѵġ
׶ΣԨȥʵûʲôҪˡ
ĬrԴ˽ƿԽԽ󣬡šͱ뿪ܻ鷳
ǵ֮һԨҪ麣ӡšķգ

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ͷʹѵļХʵصÿԨøӦȥ֪ش
޻꣬о֮ųش
뿪ԺĬrûк֮ǣСģĻʶ
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Ұɫ򣬲ϵ󣬷Ϊ
꣡
һѤѪ⣬̫Ϣ·īɫҫ˼ӲĶܿǣնΪء
޵İˡ
Ԩգ˼ʮĻӰƬǶѣԨ̧֡
˵ţ̫ĹĹɶ¡
ڻ֮ģҪȡԨͬ飬ӹһѡ
Ԩ޶ԡ
īɫīɫʾɵλɫӿĴ󺣣ͳ
ﵽ˶ѵı룬ҵ˴ġۻ⡣
ʯ
Ԩ̫ͬʱɱֹɱ֣Ūǿʯͷ
İɡ
ǧǧȺӴ󵽳ڷɳǴ۵ıڣʳѪ⡣
һһ޵ӰԨԱ߱䵭
ȻſڼУڰֻûܴ
Ĭrټ̫λǺӶĴڣҪɱȷѲ
ԨջĿ⣬ٷӦ֪޾ȡԹñˡ
̬̫ɵɫɳƺ˵뿪ɻ»б³ǣҴҳ𣿡
ޣԨЦ˵
ҲӦõġϱǣΧ˹ͬս˲пᡣ̫ôãʲô͸ˣԶԹ𣬶رں
Ĭrƺڳǵλø
᳤ҵæΪȥ֮ܵ׵ķգȻ󡭡֮װĵؽ硣

̫䣬᳤ͼıԴ᳤꣬ûһ˿øС
ǳŵλǲȥ֣Ķѡǧ궼ˣںôʱ䣿УѾһ··ΪĴڣҲĿܣ
Ҫ̫ˣ֪׿ԽĻܹ֮ɱ򡡣
ãʹ̻ᣬҲҪ



һǧʮһ һ
ޱشʱŴ˿ǳġȻϡ
һƬƬĺУ׷ţڶʬǱ¶˳
Ԩһ֪ǧҷʯʳٽѪ֮ǳ飬ڶ࣡
ңǰ˼żսʿޣݵĴ
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޵ĳɳ׳ʬǶģװĽƣȫǻӡ
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ͷųǧȺȥѵıУʳ޵壬ֻǷҪȷʯް
ҲˬӦ
ɹɱ޺ͻǷõóЩ̬̫飬ʱһ״ЩǣҪһ㡣ﰡ
Ԩ΢Ц֪
˿̣ûжն̨ܣѪ񣬾;ǧǧȺʳۻʱľ֮У𽥶Ѫ
ЩѪѤɫʣһԻõ
ͬʱ޻ڴҲõĲʺ硣
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ԨΪڹϵǿеľǣ໥ɱͣˡ
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ңȥ޵ѪֲսʧΪṩ
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սʿͬȺɱʤ߳ܵõһЩѪĲ䣬ҲǼСġ
սնɱŮͰˣöԷѪ츳
ͬȺҲһ
ģ
ĬrȻ𣬶һʵ
ԨȻ̧ͷͼġУĬrǾš֮ɫ԰׵죬һͬ⡣
ڿĬrʱλʷĵһλץŲ鲻Ը죬Ѿ͵׹
Ԩƾо֪ǰĬr󲿷ֵʯ
ĬrֻСһꡣ
ҺйͬĵˡԨͷ£Ҳͣ󣬲ŵУԼġ
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һĬrҲͲٶԡ
뵽һԨȫѣָ̫֮ĬrҲ֮Ǹ
ϣ˿̶ʯռȫ޵ܿȫʢʱ̫
λá
ò̫飬Ĭr⣬ԵЩ
ľֹò䣬źǲ
֪ǰĬr죬Զʱڶǹڵ䣬ҶԪ񼶱
ڵĺ֮㣬̫İɹո¶ͷ֮ǰĬrˣ˫ûйʲô
кȫΪڵĬrڡ
ǡ
ɫɭ׵죬һʼûע⵽̫飬Ȼ·ϾĬr㣬֪ػ̫
ǡʲô
ͻȻУָ̫飬ĬrȵһλѪħĴħȷţ͸׿һڻһ̳ԣͬһʱڣѪħħȴ̳ܳ
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ΪʱѪ̵İɽйҵĻսʤѪ̵
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Ұɫ겻Ϣоȣʶ
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һλ컵С磬·ڱǱ֣΢С

γì᳤ͷ­׶ӣ̴޴ıǡ
ϵ΢С˲仯ڶѪ㣬̫̬
Ҿ֪ǡⱴǣǡòǽ֮
̬̫飬ȡƺǿĶֶ޾⡣
ͷ­ײǣȴǿŵ᳤ɫӲ˵һֱᣬֻȴȴ̫żҪҲ̫ˡ
䣡
·һ½صıǣ͵³䣬ͻȻһѹ
ǧɽѹ᳤ϣʹ᳤׹ǣ˲׹ƺɫĴء
ۣ
ٵ½᳤׹ʱ綹鱻䴩
첻ɵ᳤ѡ䴩أҪ·롣
½أһ

ͬ죬ͬľ顣
γì᳤ͷ­̴һ޴ıǣȴٴοסӡ
̫˿һƬǣ˵ϲͨҲһ
һ͸ǵ᳤ִӴ֮£˻ȥ
ƲĽ֮ȴ߲ȥ
̫飬һϵıǣһڵµıǣͬʱ˵
ƺɫĴأ޵ıһҲ᳤䴩᳤ٴγʱֳԱߡ
ʱĬrĻҰɫ⣬Ҳ½ظ֡
ͦģҪϻƽķâˡ
һ䣬бԱԨĽ£ն̨ķˣĬrش꣬ն̨Ľһˣ̴᳤Ľ֮
ĿǰĻӦûǿԵģԺ˵׼ˡ
ĸ˽顣
Ԩͷʱںݵص׵磬߲ʺϷάʱշһ̣ն̨Ľһˣ뵽άʱĳ
ƽķ̴ܴһнںͼӲǳ½ظǴ籡ֽ
ǰ᳤ûܴﵽзâĳ̶ȣն̨ĽһˣӦòѴ̴᳤
á
½ϵĬrĶԻ˻Ӧ
š
ĬrҰɫͫ΢ϸϪܻ֯ĳ
꣡
᳤üĴһɵӰΪǵ곤ӣԺ֡
ԺУĬrǰµĻߣһٵ᳤Ť᳤ľ־᳤Ƭ̵Ļ㱡
ôһ룬᳤㵵ط֣ˡ
ʶ˲ף֪꺣ûܼʱߣĬr˳롣
Ժڣһǵĺǧ
֮ǰ֮ʶ壬Ƽٱǣ޵ĲȻǵĺС
һͷ޴ĸȶȳ˱ǵĳ򣬴ӻϪɳ˺ҧꡣ
սʿԹĹ꣬Ҳ
Ůڶħͷ׷Ի̬ǻǵϪӷɳԺ
᳤ͻȻеͷʹѡ

ӡͷǺ;ϵģһͼҫĵ׵磬ͫڱǺͶ
Ĭr֮ģսʿ޵ʶл꣬ǵĺʼ׵
᳤ǣҲʱָ

һɵĬr΢ŲһƬǣµ̫飬Ϊ飿ľսϮɱûڵġ
Ҫ˲ţһ츳ĺᣬǽ⡣̫ͣ
ģڶĵâȻʧ̺Ҳ¶Ӱ
ѩҲڣڵĳϣ⴫ֻ֮֮ǲԶϿɣԽ㶨ΪаħʱˣԸ㣬Ҳ֮
Ĺƣȫʧˣ̫Ͽҵؿ
ͼ£һĺɣ֪òš
ѩԨն̨̫һͣʵǸѩĺˣ
š
̫˵ͷٴȰ˵᳤ܸģҲԡ׿Խ֮Զڻ򲻳᳤ڵ״̬غݣǺͺԶǶɱ
һûǰ;ϣˣֻһ;
̫֣ҪҪ֮ΪǿߣŪֵߡ
᳤᳤ɹµ߶á
ͣѪ飬Ƕ



һǧʮ 
ڳԱڣܶûֵıпá
Ϊ̫ûغˡ
ߵֻкʦƵģܺ޼䡣
֣ȼԽƷԽãսԽ
̫飬ܹ֪Ĵڣ᳤ͨ
ҲΪ᳤Ƴ̫֮ڶġ
̫֮ûڳʼʱûʹɱ֣ѩ˵£Ȱ˵ͶתͶڵĻ
׿Խ֮Ҳİڵˣóֵ
һ£Ļ桭
̬̫飬ɫ᳤ǶбʦƵģ͸ȫ᳤ܱ
᳤ºսȥɱѪ顣
ڵڼԦгһգūˣ㶮ˣǶôĿɱ
͵ûУָ㣬ش㣿
ݵ壬ĸ塢ޣǿվޣ׻ѪһѽѪŸԵ𣬶һˡ
ʦǡ͸Ľ飬ǻŹ𣿡

̫ǿµĳ
ԨնĲʶ᳤ǶԺ󣬺ԭĻҪء
ҡ
ӵգһͼɫӵ᳤
Žͭɳͫ˸űâ᳤ȷˡ
ս֮񡣡
ֹţҡڲ
ܾúܾǰںݵʱͳڴϣӡͼԻŵĴȥ
дͨķȡ˸ǿҲһЩսʱС
ַϣҲͬ³
ǸǵȴٴΪ߻ħʦǰᵽ˺ݡ
һֱ֤ʵǶԵģֻǵ꼼ղտԳ˲ӡ
᳤ȥһɹˣ֤ǶԵġ
᳤壬ȫܳӡͼص᳤Ḷ́ͼ˲䱬ݻ᳤Ѫǡ
ǽ᳤һܹȥ֤ԼĽ᳤Ҳǿ׼㣬һ˱һļɡ
Ȼ̫ôһ˵Ҳ˼
һ˼һ뵽᳤ƫִĴߵ˼£̫Ļ桭
ǻʦĩգ
ңҸû̵ͼѾ̽ȥˡͼķҲ
ڸеˣһٴ᳤ʱþ²Ҳˣǰɣֻϣ
Ļû˵꣬Ԩ̫飬죬ͻȻһλ
һŨҵѪܣһƬѪɫ
ǼԶڻĸħ׿Ѫɫ̬֡
ֻͨ籨ţҪ飬Ҫȥĵطǰһһ׿˻º͵ƬѪɫǸһ᳤˿̵״ܸȤԣ
䣡
ǧ֮⣬ǿҵĿռӿ֡
Ĭrǰ˵ĳռ֮أ׿˵仰ڱ¡
Ԩµն̨ʱ֮һСأ߲ɫϼҲӿ
һؽصʬУͿռصķһ߲ʵľĿѣ

Զ֮أһָ׸ǴС΢֡
һ΢ǧ򱶣ɾ޴ĿռС
ûһлĿֲϢǿռдĳδ֪ſ˴죬Ҫɱء
Ԩ춴
һѾεԨ춴
̫ȵ
˾Ϳǿռдǧ⣬˲䵽ǰա
Ԩ춴ڻУǽһοռƣն̨ġ
һοռƣǡԨ춴ʱĹģʹ򱶡
ӿпڣܽԦǳŸûȥ
ҶԼ׼ȷжϣҵû취ԸǼأҽǵϢ֪Դ֮񡣡ѪɫĴħ׿ˣ΢Ц˵࣬һ̻ͨϻ᳤Ҳһǡ
˻һ䣬ǡԨ춴Уʹ˺Ť
šԨ춴˵·š黨š𣬰˺ѵʹ࣬ҵ㱻ʶ뵽Ԩ춴
һ̣ĬrӰ⣬Ԩ̫飬ֻܼеľȥԨ춴ǣ
׿ˣ㹴Դ֮ѵ±̹˹𣿡
ǿŻǵ˺֮ʹԨͫ죬ƬѪɫ󣬵ͺ𣺡Ӧ֪ģԴ֮һֱƶ£
᣿⻰˵δ̫ˡ
׿˵һĨѪɫӰƬѪɫڻվЦºͣһ㲻ԻңҲҲҪԸֻǴߣǽŪѡھ֣ҾгɹնɱĿܣҲæġ
ģҶʱκεľٶ
࣬Ҳɽۻˡ
Ʋ˸ϵȻҲǶԴħ񱴶̹˹˼ɵұһ๴
ҵĵؽһ𡣡
һ֮˵Ժƺÿ͵˷룬ҹȥͣҪúýп
Դ֮
ಣ
᳤֮һγֱǾ޴ġԨ춴ȥ
Σæڵֿ˺ѵ̫δܼʱΧ¡
᳤˳أһ뵽תĻ춴ڣգ۾Ͳټ
ɢҪ᳤һʱĬrס˼򣬸ԭأš

Ĭrµʯ˳ǿռпڡ
ҪĶб¾ߡ



һǧʮ 
ʯɣ財
㡰֮ͷһۿȺ˸ͷųĻ̲סҪȥ̽ʥԡ
ǿġԨ춴ڣʯѸ׳գ۹򣬾ñµǿǳ͡
ǿƺɫ½أʹ˿̵ʯһȣ˲Сࡣ
Ĭr³ʯƯڡԨ춴ڴȴ˿
ǡԨ춴ǣʯĬrһǲܰӰ졣
ĬrǰˣҪյԴ֮ǡԨ춴ɳԴ̤֮ʯԴ֮ʯһϸ¡
ʯĳ֣Ժе˺ѸУȻȼ
ɢҲڶʱָѣһۡԨ춴ɬ˵Դ֮񣿡
Ĭr΢һͷ
ҪڽȻ᳤֪٣һ£᳤֪ǳûˡ
ǰɸҽ᣿
Ĭrˣ㲻ٰļӰεһ£ڷŴʯϷ
泯ľͿռУŴӿֵܣ޾ɫ˵ȻʱĽ̴Ц졣û˺֮ǵ㣬ҷųʯԺ󣬾ȻûᡣĬrüͷƺﲻ̫Ծ
Ҳڴ˿̡
ģ̫΢һ£жâ
еġԨ춴Ŀ·Ҫ͸Ŀռ䣬뿴ڻ춴ʲôܡ
ڿڵ̳Ҳڷɿ
Ԩ㵵ʵôˣ
̫״ͨصġ̳ؾ˳
о̫ھ޴;У·ʲôŵ£ֲȥȷϵõ֤ʵ
⣬̫лӿֳһڴϲã硭ʧĹѡ
м۵Ϣ
̫ĻӦ̳ͨݡ
ۣ
ԨҲԾĿ⿴ġԨ춴ʧôܣ
ɽڡԴ֮šֵĹȣ󲻾ãԴ֮šڹ
享Զ֤ʵ˼䡣
λʶ̫ܳС
һ
̫ɫȻɥҡҡͷ۸óˣһЩǱԴ֮õˡ
ᵽģɣԨ
Ŀռ֮ԴڼĬr̴ЦһͨŪ
Ĭr˵ĳؿռأɲǣͽ˹ȥ
Դ֮ͬտռƺĿǰڻǸصĿռ֮ء
ǲԴ֮ͨ飬һּ۵Ŀռ֮ͷż۵ϢԴյ̫飿
ǣ϶ǵġ
̫ҡҡͷ֪ʱǹϢѾ֪١
ಣ
ƮȻ̫Ԩ֮䣬ž޴ĿռУһ£ȵ

Ԧǳ˲仯һ޴ľӨˮݣٿܡԨ춴ֱͷȥ
죬ޡڣŵľ롣
Ȼû뵽Ԥ׵أⷽˮԴḻǳæ׷½ء
ӨˮݰǳˮʵУҲˡԨ춴ڡ
ʯš
ͻȻǿ޵ǳУһƬƬ󺣣һľӡ
һ澵ڣ͵ظֳɽ룬ĹϪ
ããһֱɽͣôΰ档
壡
Ԩ̫һ
ڴԨ춴ڣͨŲͬԴ֮ţǸԴ֮񣬾ںδ˭Ҳ˵׼᳤󣬱Ū˺δ磬Ҳ˵׼Դ֮ͨǰԨ춴ŪһͨĿռŦ
ֻӨɫһ溣ľӡ
Уһŵ磬ؿȵˣΧһŮŮĽ̻塣
ŮȻǱò̬
͸Ϣľֹ̬ȻԨʶǸ
·оˣһ磬ͨԨ춴еŦڽıͻȻͣ¡
ŵЦ飬޵طŴͻȻǸӡ

ѩױУһ
Ц
һľӾͱˡ
ҿ
ﳢţࡰԴ֮šӦָʱĬrͻȻˣף
䣡
ͬǳУǱصĺܻˮеӰƽԴ֮ڵصӰ˳
һ֦Ҷ̣ػġѰ߲Уȡ׳
λһͷ̾ţ·ڱ
ߵ׺βͷ߸ߵذţڽ˷ܵصȴʲô
ߣɫΪѿҲǿվ֮һͲйս֮ˡû뵽ţڣһֱڻ֪ˣ̤Ҫҵľ
һѰ̫廰
ģĬrü
֮ǰɳģѰӦˡһµѰӣٴѿðѰͲϵУҲӲ
̫˵һ֣ȵµ֣ٴѰӦûûۻƻʱѰܱһȣܹҪǳɹõ֮Խذ塣
֮ǰϢڡѰϣȻѡ
ߣӦǵõԴָ֮ʾͰǸֻܿĵؽ磬Ѱ̾ᣬҪȵġӦǲ񣡡ﾪ
ҪԴ֮ЭȥɱŮʣԣԴ֮Ųܷģʱ̣óȻʯս



һǧʮ Ҳ
Ԩ춴ţȻûһл
ʯĴڣ˻ǳܵѹ̫̫࣬ѾԵԨ춴
Ůʡ
Ԩ̤ն̨ҲƵˡԨ춴ĽڣؿǾӨˮݰǳϣֳӰ
һ뵽ߣ˿Դ֮ĳصأҪıˣ
һ̣֪ԳǼΪġ
Ůʱκεʧ
ϣû£ϣüԨĵ
˻˻
ӰеĻߣƺҲˣĬrͬȼǿߣ̽
˶ͷ³ӣ·Ҫңսֹɱ¾䵽ܴǿպ硣
ǻȺأɢ֮ܣͻսɱ¾С
ȴԴ˾ȡܵ׳̲

ĵӰʱʧ
ȥ
ɫһԸ߰Ⱥּæ˵һڻĳأǿǰȴͨԨ춴
Ĭrͷ֪
Ԩ춴Ժֻǽ᳤뵽УĬrʯĸԤĳ֣˵ûбǡ
ĬrӳճһĻʱоɣ·ʲôƲǳĬĬس֡
ֳҪ˭˭Ƚż
ĬrƳһԨ֪Դ֮Ϊ֮Ҫ㿴һĻʧȥ侲ԳŵԨ춴ȥƿصԨ춴Ŷ֮ţдգִն̨룬ҲΣء
Թһο̴ЦսͨԴ֮ʱ̴Ц졢졢鶼޷ܡ
ԣŻڻ򣬱Դ֮á
Ԩ£˲ˡ
ಣ
̫ҲƮŶž޴Ŀռʱ磬Ŵ͸أͨԨ֮ŵڣӦҲһͷɸģԴ֮š
Ԩ춴ܴӸ磬Ԩ֮žӿ
ҪϵҪԨ춴ս
⣬̫Щ죬û뵽ȻߣҲ˵ˡʱλģƺЩˡ
Ԩֵؿ
֪ģԭȳʯľͷ̵ġһ棬ݴսҺɱ¾ø۹սݡƵһ棬øָƽðհҵϢ
̫廳Źȥ˵ҼߣҡͬιʶʱƽĽ׶ΣһΪơԣҶӡ󻹲
аʯ񣬻ߣ
ԨΪ֮Ȼȫû뵽̫ľȻ˵ķḻʡ
ͻͬΣ߶Ϊƣҵܣ֪Ƴһ˫Ҳ߱սɱ¾
ڵ꣬Իǹ㷺֡Ҳ泤𾪵
ȻϳϽʯάϵԨ춴ʲô壿ĬrĮأǾ޴Ŀռкһ

·֪ջˣͻȻðġԨ춴ɿƣڼ󣬾ʹǰʧˡ
Ҷ濪սҽʯûյǽֻʱȥ˵
Ĭrǻƺɫ½ϣҡҡ֣ȴŤͷʱȵԴ֮û취ǿźɱ׿˰
ҪٴΪѪū
ħ׿˻Ѫɫǧ⣬ֱԨ춴ʧȥ
볢ʱҲ硰Ԩ춴ò׽
뿪
׿һߣһοڣĬr˵Դ֮Ȼ֪ˣѾɹʯͲϵȥǼڻļɱսٴԴ֮񡣡
أԴ֮ʯδؾܵס
Ҫͻı񣬳Ͼģϳ򣬾ضˡ
ĬrˣǰǳʱĬr˵һõʯĬrᱩһأ
磬̫õն̨ǰ㡣
ûʯĬr棬طҪԴͷ
ɵõʯΪԴͷĴˣΪߵĬr;߱˺ԴͷԻʸ
ǵĬrƶڣĬrԴͷҲҪĬr㹻ء
ԴͷһЩԸָʾΥĬrķ룬ǿԻؾġ
ʯĴڣӵ˰
ڵԨ̫飬ڻõʲôıʲô⡣
ģѵõʯĬrܷȫعݡ
ֻҪصݣʯĬrԴͷԴ֮ҲͽκΣĬrް취
ʱ߰΢΢ü
ԨﲻΧҪԴ֮񣬶ͨռԴ֮ܶƵģֻǰĬr
ԨĻûоѳ̫ǰʱ귽ѹԴ֮
Ĭr˿ߣԨǴУΣպѽͻ
ģҲΣա
ˣǡĬr˵ˣû뿪ԲðպԨһȥӦԻߺԴ֮֡
һľޣǲ޵֮һɲܱȵġ
ﻹ֪Դܹ֮ǡԨ춴Уڶİս
⣬и౻Դ֮ƻǿߣҲͨԨ춴٣ǰе·
̫ʱҲĿ¶ɫˣһġ
Ĭr˵ʯԺ󣬳Դ֮ıѸȥ
Ҳߡ
ûôи˼ǣĬrµǿʯڽС
ʱʯֱһ¡
һԨͷŵԣȻ֪غõѡҲ׵ңȻŪ˻򣬼ȻѾˣŪʲôܡ
̫۾һ΢Цҽָǣҵߵλá
һ£ֿ˵ӦûȥӰߵǡֻҪԼǣܹѹһ᳢˵Դ֮񡣡
ѡ
һ仰ûиĽ͡
תӵ˵ǿ½أǳҿڳһ򣬸½䡣̽½أҲȥ
ԣ̫飬̫ͷˣŴӦ
䣡
ƺɫ½أǳȥñ
Ԩ̫飬Ĭr죬ͷޣ½ϡ
Ի˽⣿ִ̫ƺݵڼ䣬ΪʲôҪ̽򣿻֣žͲʲôö㻹ͬУ
Ĭrֲߣ鲻̫ˬ֪ĬrƢҲȰ˵ˣû¡
̫š
᳤Ҫ˳عݣͨҩڵĵػɽǱ䡣ͻȻ
ػɽ
Ԩɫһ뵽Ī״˿̾УԵػ֮ϵػɽ½Ϊھ
Ī״ģҪĦ֮׵£ռ֮
᳤صݣȥػɽ;УǲһĪ״
Ī״ڵսڵ״Ӧ᳤
ԨüеΪǸľګѵġ



һǧʮ ػ֮
ݣ½ء
һùͺͺɣֱɽ壬ڽصС
ɣǧ֮ߣì
·Զݵ̫ʼ˿̾ìɶˣЦݵأŲԶı̷ɽ
ɢݼˣҩڵҩʦ̻ͨı̷ɽΪŨ
һÿòĴԲԣҩʦҩУڶϡݣƼϲˡ
û֪̫ʼƨµɣǿϮɱ˼褵Ķ
ҲûܿһǧɸߣûҶĿήɣֻǶһС֦ɡ
̫ʼĻع飬üĶҲΡ
̫ʼͺԶҵԺ󣬱ֺɱĶʹ󲿷ɣû˽ص¡
½زľֺͲľܣ̫ʼһ£㱻̷ɽ
̷ɽĲľܣͻȻͱ˼ʮ
ݸľߣҩʦҩ̷̣ɽ쳣𾪣вѿȥ
̫ʼɣҪ˼̷꣬ɽͽΪҩ̵ʥء
ĲľҲڱ̷ɽ׷ӿ֡
½ĵػɽʵݲֻΪеػܹҩʦΪˡħǱƮȻ̫ʼıͣ£˵̷ɽĳľܣıҩʦĸ֡
̫ʼȻһЦػɽǱߣĪ״һٺҿҩʦսƼݵ̷ɽԺҩںҩˣ᳤ӱ̷ɽ
ΪĪ״ܳɹɣǱ
̫ʼƬ̣û·ڵһ·ҲǴ޵УʧܣڶԺ󣬲űٳġ
𣿡Ǳʾɡ
ĿԴɡ̫ʼ鵭Ȼ
պ
ĺԨײһѵӣһдأһĿӶð˵ֻˡ
һʹڱ߲ϼ⣬Ҳգʧ
һͷͷ೤ľ
֮һ쳹صúݸĶǿߣ
ӳ೾ˡ
̫ʼȥĶ⣬΢Цŵ˵ͷѡʱǡǡáﲻڣ컢Ҳȥ˳ѫ磬Ĵ˺ͬڲǰ˺ݡһֱµġǿиԤԶӶ
ʱĺݣͳͳڣֵɣ̴Ц졢˪ҲƯ
ӳ೾ѡʱعݣʵٺòˡ
Ȼ
ڵıԴӳ೾Ժͱӿǣ
߲
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ͣƬֵ̣ǰֵԨ춴ܹӸԴ֮ţĻܣԴЩԴ֮ͷųȥһսɱ¾ֹĻγɣܴмȡ
Դ֮ϣһѸǿԼķǡ
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ҵѣںݱĽ̫ãʹѽˣԨᣬлߣȫ˻򡣡
УһǿĶͷȻʲô棡ȵ



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ӳ೾һϵĿռѷ죬߲ʱʯУ˾˵ɡ

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ΪϵǿվޣѪ̲ؿռ侫ڻĴǣֱˮսдȵǿ

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̫ûüһƬǼʱƺһħȼѪ𴦡
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ҰУǺȻðİɫβ콵

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һָ߲ڽⱬǰߣصЦյͣþòȥˣ㻹ϲزأϲѨ
߲ʱ֮ӳ೾ʹһƻ
һƻΪԨָ˷λˡԴ֮񡱵Ĳ֮ء
Ǻܾûˡ
ڣԴ֮



һǧʮ Դ֮룡
һңԶϣɲȵϢɴ㻺˿ҫǡ
ϢԨն̨Ө׹â̽·Ѩġߡ˺֧顣
ǰԺֵغͳըѰ
ĳͼŤļ䣬ѾӡģǰļĨȥ

ԨʶУȻһ䣬·˽ɱĥ̡
춯صĺĥתǹҪ֮ʳ޺
ڤڤУԨƺһģĻӰʶл
׶ĿŮ˵ĿսʿİǰʹͿ־֮
оУһİʱգеһԱݽӴǸʱյ顣
Ӱ֣һһҲֻڸ档
վն̨ͫ͸㯺ͳ˼ڿޱµ⣬ûԴ֮
Դ磡
Ĭrඥ
Ԩ⣬죬ͷżޣ̫飬΢ͻȻ
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Ҫ壬塢塢Ů壬һֱǣַ۷ǿ壬ȻҲħЩ峤θ룿
ǲͻȻˣԭ磬ûзı䣿
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ʹħ񱴶̹˹һںݵ壬Դĺۼһɱ䣬ͻԪ
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ȣԨᣬЩսʿڵ죬Ҳ̾Ϊֹһ塣
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رһѵķ϶ڣӿĪ
Ҵһ
һԨľ֮Ȼһ޻ѪͬʱܵһɳƵѹ

¶ҪƽЩѷӳ೾һ𣬲ŭϲֺǺǵЦ
ȻҪҸˡǱһңʲô˴ˣ
ѷϣȵѪ⡢ĺ޻һ㲻Цеطˡ
ɱԺǧС飬벻ͬĿռ϶
ƺ֪ڻĳ֮أ̩̹ſڣƴأȴѪ䡣
ʳȣسɳ뿴̩̹ء
̩̹
˵Ԩᣬ׷ʲôĵͺڲ
һԲ
Ŀ⣬ʼû뿪Ԩɫһء
ӳ೾ԨǰĶ֣һЯ֣ðˡ
ĸɾ䣡
ǰǺɱʱĬr̫Ԩһ
ھеҪ޸ߵĶ࣬սҲǿ
Ԩ콣󡱣ӳ೾ʱ䣬ȰѲˣ˾ôȡ
ǡ
ﲻ
Ȼף̫õԴѪĵ죬ԴͷСţ콣󣬲Ƕɱȵ
Ҳڴ˿̣ʶˡ콣󡱵Ŀֲ
Դ֮һӰնĻͷ䣬ɲԴ֮ǡ콣ǿ̫ף
ΪϵǿվޣҲͨռȣĿռڽִʱѿʱľֹô˽ȫرȫϡ
ԣͻȻͱˣǱ˲ɱ
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ǰӳ೾ɲն̨ڵ߽ʬʻĴڣ˳ط񣬻õʱ֮顣
ǰԨĿǰ粻㣬ûܷ⣬ġĻκ
ߵĽϣȵ˲䣬о˴ֲ
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ڣԴ֮ԨѾΨһѡˡ
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ԨۿԴ֮һӰȵһʽĽ
ᱳλսʿ岻ؿԨ
ʮŮսʿԼͼȰ˵䣬Ԩһߺֱˡ
񽣺ܷҲܻҴδ潣
Ԩüͷأһڵء
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Ե˸УڲǱʱ̣Ǳ񽣣ҲǾ죬Բû
Ԩһȣ᳤
Ԩ˵ͷ᳤ֵɣΪֵɵǱǽ֮֮Сʶᱻ᳤ơ
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Դ֮ڷ㡣㣬ʼͨʱ뵽Ԩ
Ȼأںδӳ೾Цѯʡ
Ԩߣٺúøһ£Ǳƨµʱ֮飡
ӳ೾ɫһ䡣



һǧʮ 
صʱ֮飬ӳ೾ƨɵ£Ȼͭϸɳ
Ǳʱ֮飬̼仯һשҫȻԡ

ƵĽ𾫣ڵɫĳͭʱǿש籡
ɫ΢ӳ೾Щͭġɳס
ɫ΢Сɳӣ˳ӳ೾Ѫ壬нͭϸɳѪżǿʴ
գ֮䣬ӳ೾ͱһ͸űƤ
һ֮Ƥ
ɽͭ˲γɵƤӳ೾ո룬Ѫڱ֮ʴš
Ѫͣ£Ѫƣӳ೾еͷ۵ǡ
Ǿ߲ͭ͸类̶Լڣ޷ʩչ
ûǰھ죬õҲϳ淽ʽ
ĽᾧŻ澫𣬻һЩϡġ
ھѺٴζʱѪܣĸྫ𣬲ûб޳
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᳤Ȼ˽аѪкнͭʩ
ӳ೾ܿͷ֣ΨһӰģֻλԪ
Ŀռ֮ʱ֮ڰصĿռ䡢ʱҪɱϡ
Ȼ˿̣ʱ߲֮ģͭʴҲӰ졣
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ƨɵµʱ֮ͻʣǰҲ˱
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Ԩе֮糺ɫĽڣĽж̿֡
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Դģ컯ѪܣҪѪĸ档
᳤
̫ŭȡ
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峺ͻǸռһϪӣűͭһƤŵӳ೾Ҫ᳤Ļ顣
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һõĻӰڡԨ춴иֳһŭȣɱȣ
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Դ֮ǵӰۿɼرˣҲĸŨ
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Դ֮Ȼʧȥʶڰع۲ȨҲԴ֮ˡ
ˡ
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Դ֮ͫĲף·λ΢͵ġԨ춴ѡ
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Ǻʱ֪ģ
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еһǴ̣Ʊ᳤˾֮ܣ˲仯ӲĽ챦ųĿ⡣
Ȼۣˮᵴ
Ľŵ£һƬƬռŮֽ̬սγԨһЦ
Цݣ˵Ĺͻĵ
䣡
ԨڵĵգƱ֭ˮעռһ˶Ľ顣
Դ֮ЦʱһСΧĿռ˲ƣ˲Ƶ̵գǻ汦ĹǴ̣ͳԨüĶ
ɱһ꣬ҲĨɱһꡣ

ĹǴ̣Ԩüʱն̨ס
ն̨ڲ磬Ԩڽ֮γ˷Ļƽʬ֮һ룬ᵽͭζŵĽռ򣬻ɫ硣
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ɲǼ䣬аעеĽ֮ͭ类紷ţ᳤ͷҵķ顣
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ȥĻƽʬŴԽͭȻŴϵмǿĿ
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磬Դ֮ŵĽǴ̣ٴδʱ򣬱һƬԵ£ڽǽڡ
ͷ
᳤ģûκеȻӳ೾µʱ֮鴫˳
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Դ֮ĵͫУ¶Ȼ֮ɫ˵ͷҪҵԨ춴С

͵Уδ֪Ԩħſ˿ڣն̨



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죡
ն̨ڣԨһȡ

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ʱ֮ǿռ֮ǳڣνͭǽڡ
飡
¡һԴ᳤֮ϣն̨ɫԵı䣬ǧٿס
Ԩڴ˷磬סĲ֮ն̨
εն̨貣һ˷Ľɫǹ
ʱնֻ̨һ飬ɡ
ն̨ڲСأŵĻƽʱ֮ͱ˪ͷѪ໥ʵܹͨġ
ն̨ɫҲԱһɫ󣬾չһͷܣ
Ϊݵһλ峤ͷ۷ڵĻƽǺΨһɵֻдħ񱴶̹˹
Ľ֮صͿʯںϺ󣬵п֮
Ԩһ족ʹն̨ܱߵĿռ䣬Ӧ顣
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ɳۣӺʱ֮лɢռĶ
һԴ֮ԡԨ춴ߵ᳤ɳг֡
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˫֮Ÿ̫ԡħľ뢰类а֫ˡ

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ʵ˺ѵֻǡǡĿռ䡣
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Ԩ춴ҲԴ֮ԺͬʧĬrսˣһ
٣ʱԨᱻԴ֮ϡ
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עĿţⳡۻҵսԨһۺͻȻһ
ȡޣǿǳӨӨˮݰţԶ뿪ҫǡ
Զ룬ǰֲս
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ǷˣǱ͵ԶȴûӲȥֹ
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޻ļŵؾ
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磬æںԴ֮ȶǶµԨҲûע˵ء
սÿÿȥȫ콣󡱸γʱһʶУһĨӰ
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ڵ֮㣬Ѹո¶ͷǣ̵Ĳơ
ħŵؾ
ĺڰӸ֣Ѹûڽ˼
Ͽգӳ೾µһƬ߲ʣҲͲ֪١
ô۷ߣΧŴսȴֻڴԶۡУôУ̴Ц콥꣬ԼԼˣԺ󣬴һȥӰսս˭ҿǺڰе𣡡
ҫǣ̴ЦѨŨĺڰӿ
һۿȥ·кɫī֭ǸĶѨҪڰ

һͻȻĿ¶ͷ̴Ц죬ݵ̴Ц죬Ȼǲۣ
Ԩ𾪵̴Ц죬ѵĺڰ֮Ǹأ

ĴڹҫĶڳһձ˺ɫ
һؾ̴Ц죬֪Դ֮æսϾΪСؿسϾȫĺڰ֮ܣѡǿѡ
ĺڰ֮һСأСضűˣ
ѨӵǷ磬һ޴򣬿ĳҲмޣ̴Цӿֵĺڰֵīˮ򣬴ﵽɵļޣɡ򡱵ıѡ
磬̴Цĺڰ֮űˣȻҲͳˡ
һڰһͷͷŵĺڰڿҫǵĸ߿ջۣһƬĺڰ
ͷڰ̴Ц죬ڰűŴ򱶣ƨɵŲϷ
һϮ䵽µںڳϣȻؿˡ
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ĺ꣬űͭŵӳ೾ккɫ׹䡣
ɫ׹ӳ೾ԣӿȼƬ̣·ǲӳ೾Ƥˡ
װ㣬ͭƤڰ
ӳ೾֮⡣



һǧʮ 
ħ̴Цѿؾ
᳤Խ֮ţʱӳ೾ĳ֣Ҳ˲
һԵԨȵؿźڰ·̴Ц졣
Ȼ̴֣Цһʶ֪ʱѾع飬뵽꣬ûġ
һС磬̴Цĺڰ󱬿Ԩ۽硣
ʦӳ೾ѹټһӾ͵ˡ
̴Ц죡
᳤վǱשʱ֮飬źڰµĿ꣬˫Įֳͫ
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̴Цĳ֣ȴЩв·ôˡ
ΪʱڵĬr̫ңԶֻжŶѡ
̫飬ǳƫƧຮ֮ƯҲǽڸںҲͬİ
̴ЦλͬЩ̴꣬Ц쳹⡣
᳤Ҳ̴Цǿ֮·ļ֤ˣ̴֪ЦսĿš
ԣۼ̴ЦԺڰ֮űǷСأɹڿҫðͷһ˿ҡ
ֽʱҾӳ೾
ӽͭǲƤ¶ӳ೾̧ͷ̴ЦЦЦԻȼյĺڰ棬۵һл
л·ҫеڣ籡ռܡ
ŨĿռܣѪ壬ϴӵͭľָ塣
᳤ɻǵҺҹ㡣һЩ£ΪԭŵˣԱ֤򡲻ûġ
ӳ೾һڽʱͿռͻѤõ⣬Ǳ᳤µʱ֮͸
ҵâԣǱʱ֮ڱ
ӳ೾ʱ֮Ͳʱ֮ĳһҳ᳤ͭսɱ
һԵԨȵؿӳ೾ʲôʱ򣿡
һصءӳ೾ڴһ䣬ͼ᳤
κҶӦҲκˡԴ֮񣬺Ҳֻͬˣӹϵ᳤Ӳ
ӲӲ
ħ̴ЦĴ᳤ָаЦҼǵãǰȥ̻ͨͣҪһЩʱҲ൱ʹ찡裬Ǵģ൱Ϥɣ
˻һ᳤ڣһ˿Ĺ⡣
ţƺЩãȻ
̴Цüͷһ壬㽫ԼƺҲ˲ٴۡļ䣬ûôˣٶȶˡ
ңˡ
᳤ƺķһЩ̴ЦĹӣͻֺ䣵ɱҲ

̴ЦͷĺɫУ·ʲôħ᳤ܵĽǣͻȻʹӺڰѡ
һ޴̣һֺɫգӿȼš
ǰ䵽ӳ೾ϵģһشغɫ棬ƺ޴̡
Ҿ֪
̴ЦȻһᰴǸ޴ֱ̣Ӱĳĺڰ磬谡ϡǵǰǺҵġô˵ˣʧֲҸɵģǺû
ҪغݣҺԶȥ
ħû֮赭дؿסˡ
⣡
ӳ೾ִЦ·̴֧ЦĽ飬᳤ӦǱѾٴµʱ֮飬᳤Ȼ׹䡣
׹䵽һ½ͨӵѷ졣
᳤Զ˿̾ںݣ˰ɡ
ʱ᳤֮һʧ
ڰκǱʱ᳤ֳֻ֮͸ȥĽͭǱ޳ˡ
ʱ֮飬ǸİĶѨУǱռ֮ϴһ
裬汻͵˺ݣ
̴Ц쾪ˣشǰҲʶӳ೾ͷʱ֮ĺ޺ͷ֪֪ҪǸ·ϳɹЩ񣬵нӣᱻ
֪ǰ
ӳ೾ЦݿصͷİɣҲúݵЩһŶ԰ɣֲǳصģ̫ʼҲ½᳤ȥͷͷۣǲɲ𣿡
Ҳôһ̴ЦЦ
˵ЩζͶ
Ϊħ̴֮Ц죬ǺԶǱߵӪɷӳ೾᳤ȥԶʱЦı˭ġ
ҵĺʦܣ㿴ⲻɵأͰ᳤鷳˦𣿡
ӳ೾ЦضԨôһ䣬ûܼ֮ˣԼ콣չιǸʲôĬrҪǴԴ֮񣬾ʹǸŮԺɡ
Ĭrһɤӡ
Ĭrı̫鰤ţͫնȻƻ⣬ڽԺԴ֮ս
ӳ೾ߺȣĬrն۾ڣһ˸
ҺĬrļһйڣҾ̴֡Ц̬
ݣǹа
Թ۵Ԩᣬȼʶ̴ЦĿ᳤ֲֿӳ೾ߣֹĬrԴ֮һ֣ڽԺսĲɿ
⣬һ֮콣󡱣նɱȵԨ
Ǻεȵľ˺ݣúƵ
һҫĹâе۷սʿôȻʧɫ
Ưǿձ߽磬ò׻棬˿̸пѡ
˭˵أЦ⼸λнڵֵɣѹҵݣһǳսܶԿ壬ȷʵΪǵΪǺ̫࣡
㱻ѹںݵҲ治סԨ̾
һЦݸˡ
ǸҲܼսˡ
ԨҡͷεǸһֳ˾֮
䣡
Ԩľ֮ڿҫϷ֣·ǳҪӴ
ѪļʹһѨڣ·ڶġԨ춴ƱѪע
Դ֮ܣ˶ȵ
ԨĴڣѪȻԨ֮
Դ֮Ϥ˷ȫеİ



һǧʮ Ԩ
Ԩľ֮һƬɫӰڿҫϷ֡
ӴƤԨ֮˿ҫǵ䣬ڶѨѪܡ
޾Ѫ󺣵ĳϫ˶ܵѹ

Ԩſڣ̴ЦͷƬڰǿ绯˾޴ķ籩·Ǻڰ֮Уһڿھ
̴Ц΢΢üһо
ͬʱ
ڽԺУԨѪӿŵġԨ춴ڣԴ֮˱Ӱ
һӣɫģ
ĬrһҲǺ̬
ڤ֮ϣŵĻ״̬ĬrȻ֪˿¶Դ֮񣬺һҲֻǻ塣
̤뿪ҫǣӴԴ֮λ۶ģĻӰ
˿̣ȻƺҲ˵Դ֮ˡ
ԨᣬѰ֡ҽ˵Ժ󣬸Ԩ֮ķһֱûá
⻹ǵһΡ
ֻģԴ֮񣬴ڡԨ춴УºͶֳ·ĬrЦ
ˣܶԨˣ
һվŵġԨ춴ӿֳ˲䱩ʮ

ڤĬrѺĶ顢ħ飬طɳĬrƿأ롰Ԩ춴

֯ģһ峺һǵϪӣҲɲǼʧء
ĬrʱоԴ˷ĿȨȫȫذˡ
һĹڤӽԺ룬طǡ
Եò԰׵ɭףնâһ
Դ֮лսڿ̫飬æˣ
Ĭr
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üУֳ΢͵ġԨ춴¶Դ֮ǵģӰ
磬ԺġԨ춴ವһ뵽ҫǡ
˲䣬ͺͿҫڵѨӡ

һѨͬʱ
ڶǿܣĳأĲʴȫǣȥ
ſҫǵԨӳ೾̴Ц죬ԶһϵĻѪܺҲҫ
ǵĸоУһ̵ĿҫǱ˾޴ġԨ춴ûŴ˷һ
ǳԣѸٳһ޵֮ء
⡭
ӳ೾ɫûǰĵ
ԿҫͷŵҪصĻеǿ龡û޵

ӳ೾һС
ͻȻʶҫǴ˿Եģֻǻ
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Уһ綾ġԴ֮šһĪ
һ֣ȵϽ磬Ҳʽâ䵽С
͸ַʧЧʱɽȺ𶯣˳Ĺȷȥ

Ƶ֣Զ߳䷢ȣѿʼˡ
ӳ೾ڽµͨλûͣ氲ص
Դ֮š䣬Ϊ˷ػߵͷ̵ۣģǸо򲻶ԵĺԶʱ֮ӳ೾
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ӳ೾λһɣ뿪˺ݣûȴԴ֮š氲ܲ
޷ıҲֹˡ
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Զ˵仰ʱͷ£̫ʼѵضҲȡ
ǺݣڵõϢдԴ֮ŵǳصأԴ֮ŶǱƷԨ춴缢ʵѰ
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һ͵ؿ˺Զأȷżˣ
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ȵԴ֮УһϢ̫ʼȵ
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Զҡͷŵ˵ҿ϶ɢˣʬǱ󣬻λٴδΪһ˿Ѫ֮ۼϢԴ֮ţ
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ƺѾˣǳһѽ̫ʼ
ԣԶ˲ɫ



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Ϊڵ֮һ̫ʼ֪˵ⷬʵԶҲ֪ġ
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ֵɻҲص׹̵ҽ֭ˮܽӴ᳤̫ʼȻ˼·뷨ϵػɽĪ״˲ֵػľԸ⣬Խĵֵָֿ̹̹
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ૣԥƬֽ̣½صĻٻ

ڻصϷĿأȡ
ԶЩǲġһŵĺ棬νԴ磬м۲д꣬ô㺫ԶԺݵĹ壬Ȼǳ޾ĺޣ
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ŽԼ뵽ԼɼۣııڽڷԺ̾ͨռأںݸ򲻶֡
ǰĹ壬üΪǳȥϣ˲ʱȴӭͷʹ
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ܻ̿ЩֻҪֹԨıͻѸ׳󡣡
ҾԨ壬ֽƵԨ֮ţԨݷˡ
Դ֮еĺͼҵ



һǧʮ Ů֮Σ
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Ԩϣ֪ķԨ֮Ͽҫǵ淴ӦƺƼϣ⡣
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ڰ֮һţȫ붴ѨƱŪԨ
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Ԩһ˹һ糺ĽⳤӣյִƬޣ·ʹԨ֮
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ԨѸٵ׳ֹܹ
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һԨеն̨׵ػһռѷ죬ܿҫЩʲôҲԴ֮Ԩᣬıս

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ݵ΢𣬿ŻڵͻȻðԨ
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˷ǳԴ֮üͷƺû뵽ͷûޣӰĵ򣬿ʼΪԨȥṩˡ



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Դ֮ΪĻӰŸȻصģûгꡣȿҫǽûȻޣСһͱQˡǵĳУһˮʣˣأ

һ˻Х
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߿¼̱ŮԻҵأǿʵĴ½롣
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ʵɽʯ½ѿĳҺ
ܿ죬ǿ½Ǧʾ¶ԭʼģ
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ĶҺлߵϢЩʵʯһҲӱಢ½롣
۵ʪŢ½أƯڻ򣬷ء

ԨĿһֻǿܣȻǿʪŢ½ţ뵽Ţ
Ȼ󣬱ѸתɾĲľ
ͺñȺݺն̨ûⲿܣϴӴԺ󣬿ԱΪǰ㡣
ģʵʪŢ½أ߱ǣʽܣתΪһľܵ档
½ؼֱΪѰڵģ
ΪṩĲľ֮ܰ׳ɳһ
ѹ֣ġѰ֮ϡ
һʼѰһġ
ҫ¶׷֮ɫǸϼһǿʱڣϴѰأߣı⡣Ϳ㣬Ҳúÿ
ϼһָϵ̩̹ϼ
ҺɫزźÿҪκζĵΡ
̩̹ͿĨʣŻΪǷ;ô;òЭ
ߣͿ̩̹˳ۣ޵Ķʵģûڡ
ӳ೾һ۾;ð۵ļһ
⣿ԨȻ
򣬾Ĳر֮ء˽͡
¶һذӨ°ͣζߣԨᣬޣĸǿߣǰͺ̵һ⣬ΪѰı
óضôˣڻ汦Ҳûڸɾ
񣬻ĺᡣ
Ůʱࡣ
ԨԺУһͻȻ֪ټһ򣬻̩̹ı⣡
ôǿվ޹Դ֮ĳ֣׿˵ðͷ᳤Ӱʵ˵žޱ
ưǺӵ̩̹۹ӦǺܸߵģĶȻ
ǡѰģȫǱԺ󣬸˱⣬ãŪʵͿȥڡ
ȫ׳سɳûۻʼձѵġŮʱһ̾͵ӯԴ֮ѸٱԨ춴ʽûһԵһγɳһʼͰŻǵŹ֡
Ǹںݱ̫ʼͺԶɱˡµȻǡҾϣܹ̬֡
ںݵĻŮʱ£˵Ϊᡣ
¡
ڽʱԨͷ޵ڣֵ
һԨͻȻ֪زصޣ˿̾ʲôˡ
ڶȣ
ڡ콣󡱺ʱշĲʵѵѪ⣬û££ȫĳθ
ԶʱڵĳޣһʬеѪܣкͿռصľ£ڱţ
ȵͬʱԼƿŵĻ뿪
شӰ
ԨʶأһĲ֮أϸоԴ֮ڸ߿УʵʱעԼ
ǣԨסˣ˳ƿԴ֮
һֱȥȿҫǱߣ콫û
Ԩѯʡ
Ԩ˶ǿսӵдԨ֮ŵʱڶԨĵ˷һƬңʲô鶼⡣
Դ֮񣬱ֵĻ浭ŮʣƺֻҪŮʱ²ӻ룬ٴ֡
ڳ޻ת䣬ٶȽԽԽ졣
̩̹ڻܣ汦ȫУ޻Σ׵ذᡣ
ȷĵȴȥɺ͵
޵һͳٴȴֻԨԺֻԨһ
ˣҲܵ޵Ľǣ֪ҲԴ֮뷨ʵ
޵Ȳ
ǡ
ಣ
̬̫飬ͨԨѪϵȻ޴ӿҫǱߣֱն̨
һȦ̫飬վն̨ϷԵЩ֪롣
Ԩ뿪Ժ󣬵ȷͨڵġ̳оԨķλ
ȻȻͬڻ򣬿ԨλúͿҫǣڻˣŵǿ
ռҲûն̨֣Լ˵ġ
ȴһͻȻ϶סӺ󣬷վն̨ϣԾԨ
ǰȻβ׵Ļߡ
ɴ
̫ߣɤ΢ôһ䣬΢С
Ůʱֵؿ̫顣
дӰӿߵӰҲΪһ䡰ɴһַ˼Ŀ⿴
ɴɴǡ
βʹףǰһ̻͸ӣ˿Ȼãɻбŵ꣬صĵطˣͼƿͷҪһ硣
һɴֵˣǲϤǸ
ǰ鰡ˣҲһĻˡ
̫֣ҡţûߵǸͷؿ㻹ǵһֱ˵Ҿǹ»Ұ˵ԶزԼļҡڻȥˣһصҵļ磬ҼһЩѡ
һѪ⣬壬㲻뿴һ𣿡
ˣˣúÿɡ
ǺӶ̫飬˿ֵ̱ĺòһꡣ
һɬ꣬ʱԺżʱ飬ҪԼõһչָԷ
ߵһͷſ޴߿ڣǰ̫顣
ͷͫ飬Թŭ
Թ̫ľ
̫ûͷһֻۣĿ¶Ҫӿһͷ仺ȥ
Ѱ·ӰɭɭЦȻ浽ΪܹԾ꣬ػߣ
Ҫģ׹䵽Դ꣬㻹ҳ룡
ǵĻߣǲֻԴ磬ʹ̫鴥ˣҲ޿ܻ
Դ֮С
Ҳ뿴
Դ֮΢һͷǸԴĻߣû谭̫㣬ߵ˹
һɲʧԴõĻߣһλ
飡
ͷһͷ̫³綾ȻС
һ˾ͿһĻĻ档
ߵͷΪ̫ĳ֣ԼԼڰײ˺ҧ
ĳ̬Ļ֮Ҳɴ˶
Ůʱޱ˵
Ļ棬·˶ΣһҲ֡



һǧʮһ ׻
ߵͷǵԴԼԼɱ
ʲô
ԨһȻȻûϵľ档
̫󣬾һߣûķʲôͲ߷˻ߣ
ǣΪʲôڶ
Ԩеֵǣ̫鷢ֻߣԼԼսˣβǸͷӣҲȻֹסˡ
ȻȻͿʼˡ
̫ãȻ֪ʲôֲ֪
أ̧ͷŻӰ̬Դ֮ƺҲû뵽Դ֮׵أͽԴһֻ߷Ż
䣡
˸ű̹ͷ籡˸綾θҺ絹̣βͷҧȥ
βͷΪ˱̫ӡ˻˻ţ˲£˷ǿܡ
һұʯӸײǸͷ
һǣѪɫʯɽʬĵ죬ͷĵشγɡ
мģǳһһأͷԺ֡
ģǳУͬǻȺȺ͹֮սÿһ붼Ƶ
꣬Ѫ꣬֫磬ǵЩǳͷ
ߵͷͬǳ磬ǹõȡ
Ȼս
˶ͷҲʱײպ
ɽĻߣսӿѪܣɿ
ķλҡ񱩡ȵȹ֣Ѫ
Ȼɢ
ܸıģѲͬңúһǡ
Ԩ̫飬оԼ·һԼһظգһؾѡ
ħ
Ԩ΢䣬ͻȻ񣬺壬໥ţ˴˿˴˲˳ۡ
µǣһڳ˯·Ҫɱڶĺ档
µң
⣡
Ԩв
ܸӣ䣡
һֱҴţѹܵߵĹųӰ죬ƺܿҪ󻯡
һ̫֮꣬ͻȻǰѣʱڵһУһܱѸûںϡ
ĻͲԨ̫̬ǰ
һֱڿܣҲһֱڼġ
ɻߵڴٳµķ̫֡
һңҪԸ㡣
ŮʱŤͷע⵽ԨƤ΢·ԼԼʼϾˣʱ֪
֪ԨŶݣҲ֪Ԩĵһ͵ڶֱ˭
ͬģ޵лߵԣҲ
Ҫն̨
µľգ¶ɫߵҲɱ㣬Сף
ͻȻ̫Ҳв̫ͬս
вϵ̫飬̫飬вǰʣ»Ĺ
Ƕ̫飬ɻ졣
ߵѪͷս̫ͬԼڷս
ǰںڲսȥ̫飬ػĹ棬ϵĺģѪģĻ̬ģ̫һӰӣԼѪ
̫Ԩҵĸ죡

Ӱλ˵ҲͻȻǵʧķ裬˵ĻһסԼĲӣںͿнϾ
ڳˣͲŮʣԴܹ֮Ӱ졣
Ҳֻʱ
֪Ѫ£Ļԣ
Ůʱڵµ󣬿ŽƮ䣬ͬһƽ߶ȵԴ֮
ǵ磬Ưô꣬п˺ܶ£Ȼ֪ܡ
Դ֮ºͣһλĵڼҴ磬Ц˵ܹȻĲ֮˵׷ңҲǶѪ̫ˡ
꣬еһͷ˵Į
Ҳµˡ
Դ֮ģӰͷλڵ̫飬ǸߣµͷѾǸа껹ûͷŵԣ̫ӡ͹۸жܲ
Ůʱ³Ĭ
֪Դ֮˵Ӧʵ
Ϊ޵֮һĻߣǿǿͷųĻҴųӰ졣
ܱǣִƻĻǣ˴ûгͻֻɻ֮δ𵽼¡
ͷɱ˽κһͷҧһͷܵͷ£֮ͻᱬǿ
ʱҲӰ죬Ҳᱻ֮ͬҺͻǡ
սǿ̬һͷҧһͷֻʣһͷʱڡ
ߵͷֻҪһڣһ³
̵ͷУǸߵ꣬ǼаǴȺ͵ģδĳһٴӿ֡
Ϊɱƽ״̬еһ֡
ȳŲסģҲ뿴ϤǸһܹǰ
Դ֮ڴһŲƣַ˿ռ䣬һҪԾӰá
ûûƣӰλǺܿͻɱ
̬ôŤĵĶжӿΪ˵Դ֮ѶΪ˷ֹǰȥų֡
ﲻҪˡ
Ŀռ䣬Ӱһ仰˿ҫǡ
ڻͿҫѴڻ֮ӣСΧڣ̩̹޵ĵѹơ
㣬ҪҪǰҼһ
ı˳λãԨ˵ġ㡱ָ̫
ǰԨ
ߵһͷţǿ̫ĵ߽Ͻҵɱ
ֻҪͷһеѪͻᱬϿʼӰܱߵ顣
Ԩ׵壬ܵӰ춨Ȼ
ԨѪСأʯУһش޵Ѫ⾧а߲޹ҫ
һƬɫǳ
һ⾧ȶ飬лǵ粨⵴Ѫɢݿ
Ҫڶ꣬Ҫĵһң׷װˡ
żԺ˵ɡ
Ԩᳶͫеɲʧɾֵ֮رĿ糺콣⡣
һĽⳤӣֱܽԴ֮ȥѪͻĴ
һѣ̫Ҳ֮ͬʱ˻ߵĹӰ졣



һǧʮ ĵ
糺ĽⳤӣٽԴ֮ʱΪ顣
콣󡱵γɣû谭ӦѸչ֡
ݻӰԴ֮ᡰסһԨѻߵӰ졣
Ŷ޵֮
˵ͷʱھ;£˵Ҫ˵ĵط̫࣬Ҫ̴Ц졣ȻĻҲֲǽӴޡ
ǿʯҲڱص֮Ϊ̴ЦģҪյŮʣûü֡
ಣ
һͬĿռ䣬续չڱʱա
Ԩġ콣󡱣ҪΪ쾧ʱĻϢ
һεʱǺ޷һӰն𡣡
Դ֮Ӳͬ紫ȻԹһؿٹʼʩûôҵҡ
ûĿ꣬һʽ콣
Ц
֪ΪΣԨʱ򣬻Եࡣ
ͨռְĴ䱸ʱܴڿռз죬ԾӿΪһɣҲܷɢΪ
Ԩġ콣󡱣֯Ϊε״̬뽫ĻڵС
ȣҪܹѪǰԴ֮
ûʵѪԴ֮񣬼ʹ̺µҲ޷ᵽԴ֮ĺۼֻͨꡣ
ûͻƵԪδλ귽ĿǰѷɫԴ֮һ
û취ྫϸ΢ĻǲͬĿռ϶ҵԴ֮ܵĻ塣
콣󡱵ֲܿԴ֮һغҲԸܡ
ѡһʽ
Ķܣɲʲô㣬ȫӦ
꣡
Ԩµն̨ȻҫзâһŽһŵֶ籡Ź̵ҽˮӺķ籩ԵĲ֪磬Χն̨
ǿҫǡ
Ůµߵľ¶ʱİС֣ʵظ޽ӡǡ
ĵ硣
֮ͫ
΢ĵͳֵ޽ӡǣȻһ͵İ׹Ǽ̳
·ʬǣɵİ׹Ǽ̳͸⡣
꣡
ǧٵҰ磬Ľ֯ڰ׹Ǽ̳Ϸһܵ
ܶס꣬ԻҰ׵һһɱʱƮԨ򣬽ЩԴ֮ƿص磬ڰϳͽһ˲ͺɱˡ
Ԩ۵죬֪ʱգǧٸǿ߻
ЩǿУ߸Ѫȼﵽ˾ż
һٴͻƵϣ
ΪͽֳһԴߣǲȱߡ
¶ݵĮͲ⣬ҲϰھͶ䣬ͻΣ˳۵ǿ
ͫɫһ䣬ڵĻ֮棬ȼľͷ
ǣ㾹Ȼҵҡ
ʮԴ֮аȨƸǵǿдҲӿҫǵڶѨ
ԨۿֻܹԴ磬ڵĻ棬һͷͷޡ
ЩģѾŤԴ֮Ϊ壬ѪܻĻɱ
ǵ꣬ڻ֮ȼգʹذţԴ֮ľˡ
Դ֮ÿռͬ磬ȥԨն̨˲ʧĸɸɾ
Ԩоôһϣġ콣ûγɣԴ֮Ȼܵ˴
Դ֮Щ硣
ҽףΪʲôʮǰ˷ĸ۷ǿߣҪֽΧɱˡ
Դ֮֡
µĿռУֳһĻĻпĻ档
а磬ͻȻֱһոʯ
ʯ֮䣬ɢڶġʬ
Ůˣ۾ǿ׺Ͷ䣬кɫĻ֮ȼգʹ
ˣ·𱻷һͱĨȥ
ǳѣԴ֮ЩͽݰһƬƬȥ
ˣɿôΪ飬ΪΨһ׵ͽһô࣬еܲˡ
ȻŮǿڣ¾ոЩ˵ʱϾһ㲨
ֶĮӣĲ⣬Դ֮⡣
ҪʻŨҵѪϢ𵴣Դ֮ҪɡŮʱ¿᳤ܲ
ĨɱǧͽĲŮʣɱңĲ⣬ڴ˷绹ǵһμ
ѹˡ
Դ֮񰵰࣬þʧصĲŮʣûоɢͻǰȷҪ
Ȼ֮ǿ磬Ҵݲ
еѱҪһˣûȫ˵֮ǰһȥԨ
Դ̬֮Ƚ࣬뿴Ļ棬Ԩ
𣬱ȥ˰ɣ
̫ҲŮʵľٶͬĻ棬ɳȰ衣
ѱۻ飬
ŮʱػӦõüͷһֵĿ⿴˿̫顣
̫һͻȻͱˡ
˿翴һֻ棬һ۵ϡ
ؼܹӣ࿴ۣȥԴĴڣƺָ
̫ʶԼڴС
ԣʾԨԨһŮʱ£ҪǺأĲҰ
Ҫȥ˻ߣԸԴ֮񣿡
ԨһŮʱµעЦ˵Դ֮ⲿ꣬Ȼڿҫǣûһߺʵ壬ҲûԨ֮ãҾǣأǽҪľ޵ϰɡ
⻰һŮʱ΢һü
𣡡
̫ʧУԹذԨһۣ˵ɴһǺõģõǲͷ­ֻҪӮʤһͷ̵Ҿ˵
̫г˿ɬ²Ůʣìͷָߡ
ˣİɴŮʱ¼ɱȥ
Ҫǿ
ûӦԨҲû̫飬ɻߵɱƫҪһҪǿĻչ
꣬ҿһͷ죬һῴҵ飬ҪҪ࿳һ
ߵͷҪȫͷǿվҲζҲͷ­
£Ҫǿһ㿳Ǹһòã̫鰧



һǧʮ 
ߵףֻҪһܱһվܳ
ԣͬ壬㱻ԷûڻҲضʱ̣ӿֶ
Ҳ˵ֻҪһͷڣǼаߣͰߣһ֡
̫еǸɴҪôܻʤҪôڱûδ֡
ԣۼŮʱ£ݻߵԲУڴصǿ̬֣˵Ҫնͷ̫ôҡ
Ҳ֮£˵һͷͺãһ
ĳˣİÿɷ񣬷·ûĻ
뿴ǿ״̬һӮ
Դ֮ǵӰӯǿ׳ɳеѰ
һ£ĿҲ֮ȥ
ģûôļꡣ
Դ֣֮ԶѰľ롣
̬һֽûУ·
ҵԨ͸ⶫһʼҴӦġںݣ̰ͼŨĲľܣûܼʱ뿪Ա̫ʼͺԶնɱ
ҴӦ£һھƶأҲڲԶĽ»عҵĻģܸõΪҷΪҵΰ

εѰǧ֮ߣ֦ҶӨԣɢ︴յ
δǣûбٴιƻһƬƬҶӡɳɳز
Ѱ˿־岻
ңٴθҵٴνңͻҲֻңͳõ㡣Ŀҫǣһֵĳɳӯȫ棡
Դ֮ԵƮǿС
ɲ㡣
ͻȻ䣬Ůݳڽ֮ɫ
ңԴ֮Ȼ
Ͽգն̨֮Ԩһɼ¶
оһ¶ʶ壬ӵؿ
һͷͷǿùģѾСĹ۲ն̨˽´Ħݡ
ɳһӵѰԺʶع飬ڸļ俪ʼӿ֡
ػն̨ҵ֦ҶѣһԼǺ׷ɱͶ·֮´롰Ԩ춴¡
Դ֮صļ䣬ڣʱûɡ
Ůʱ˵ûҶֳĿ־;ηȷΪԴ֮
Զһ㣬Ҫŵ˲ͷһ֣֪˿־壬ָո꣬Ϊ³䣿
ҲԴ֮ı𣿡Ԩһί
ֻҪû뿪ǸĶͲἱǵаעĸ֦Ҷ
Ůʱ¿ķƺԴ֮ΪĶüж
໣
һߴٵȻֻԨǻ
̩̹ͷޣ־ֻǻԼԼսԨ̫飬ŮʺԴ֮ͣˣ̲ס
ż
Ϊһ˵ĿҫǣԨԴ֮ĺڴӻȡǿܡ
ҫȡǿ֪֮ٱ´˽޵ԽԽʧȥԴ˽ƿء
ˡ
Դ֮ǺǵЦ

ȻԨ춴·ĳһλóȥŢأǱûκЧ谭
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Ԩͫһ
ںصףѰ޴ĸ£һϽɫĹ֣
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Ԩ춴̬Դ֮Ȼĸ³֣ʱϽɫĹȥ
ڿҫǶԻҶԴ˷ʶҲڼڱˣԻִĵ򣬺ȥͨûôˡ
춴Դ֮ĹЦ
ӿŵġԨ춴ڣ͵ؽԨ֮Ʊӿҫս
䣡
ϽɫĹŭһͬɫľ޴Ͻسʱγɣһ˶񷣬һ˲µġ
ĵ磬֯Ͻͼ
ϽɫĹڣ֣ŷ·ϢʵʻϢɵȻۼ׺Ͷơ
һŭϽֱӳˡԨ춴
꣡
Դ֮ġԨ춴Ͻɫͼ̴Դ֮Ļжϡ
СǸϽɫĹڣԴ֮Ƭ̡
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Ůʱ˲˷ŭҪǹܲԼ̰ҽС£ʲôҲܣϧԴ֣֮Ҫ˻ҪƤǡ
⻰һҪеС͵ͣˡ
ȻŮʱµв
Ѫеĺۼն̨ͨԨѶϢ֪˲Ŀֲս
ȫʢʱĲ涼صĶ֣ǾȺǰĴڡ
˿µĴڣǳƺԴ֮ЯˣӦԣ
С̰ܣѰĸǰӲסˡ



һǧʮ ʯ
ŮʵвȻЧˣ
Բб̰ޣ֪ŮʵĺԴ֣֮Ƿ˶ҧ
ػҲӹһ١
ˣˣ
ص֮ӳڡԨ춴Ͻ
Ԩ̫飬һ궼ҪĴ
ǲѰĳܿͿص׵Ͻۿɼٶʵʻúһ㣬ɫͬϽɫ
ӣȻɹ⻯˾ʵ壡
ñԨĽⳤӣʵʻԺΪ̬ĺ쾧㡣
ǴϽɫӴȻԨ춴Դ֮һƵĻΪ΢С
ǸӣˡԨ춴Դ֮ѶѲ
ϽɫǣɢشųסԴ֮
شԴ֮Ļ廯ɻҡ
ʯ
Ůʱ£ͷŢĴأѿط죬ͫ¶ȡ
û뵽϶ҵʯ͵͵˻򡣡һ
ͨϽɫеޣ˵ʯԵ
Ժ󣬲ֹԨ̫鶼
ʯ
̫һǸϽɫӵĿ⣬ͻȻóңҲֻ֪ؼʯϧ̽һǿսأҲûҵʯ
ʯ
Ԩֹһ䣬Ժжм˸ըѡ
йʯļ֮ӿ֣
ڹϵĴ˵Уʯ߱ĹЧһЧǴʯĻ壬ᱻʯס԰ѡ
һЧǣʯͷų񶯲鱻ʯĻ壡
ÿһ£ʯסĻ塢ĻꡢԹ֮ͻᱻһ
νǶԸĴɱ
ĬrԴͷǰԴ֮ǵһྫͨ׿Խߣʯܸеͷۡ
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Դ֮Ϯʱ֪ӺδʯŪԨ춴Դ֮ڡ
Դ֮Ĵ󲿷ֻ壬ǱԺ󣬾Ȼû
ԼͻȻðʯסӣǳ벻ÿһʯ£Ѹٱ䵭
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Ůʱ¶ϼһֱ

ϽɫĹڣ¶ģޣŲŮŭһ˲Թιסʯ
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룬ԨƾĸӦ֪Զ룬ڻһƺȥѰĶ
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ĸоѰһĴѲ
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˿յĻ飬еˣҲº࣬İɣһȥͷСɳĺܿ죬϶µıˡԴ֮ʹģǻа֡˵ʱԨ
ɳɳ֦Ҷ͵ֹסĻ飬ڰԨ
Ԩظоˣü˵ǰ㡣
һ˵ȻӦ
ͷߵͷմ˰̡ϺںڵѪĸ۱ĹâҫĿˡ
սԽң߻ԽǿʱĻʤҲ¡



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Ԩ̩̹޵Ѫ֮ϵͻȻĪжϡ
üͷһ壬оͷ޷·ǰһ̣׹뵽˻ڵĳصء
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Сļһ
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Ĭrħ̴Ц죬Դ˶޲ߡ
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̬Դ֮ûΪʯϳƿ٣̹Ȼʧʵ
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ⲻʲôǿתԨ塣ȻҵϢԨͬˣ˷ʯͿҫǵڶᱻ׻á
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һԱߵ˵ܻڣܹΧ˾ʱҴȻĹ֮

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Ͱ͵أ뺰λ֣ܵҪָǵӰ
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ԣջָͷҲûҺλ֡

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䣡
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ֲɫħ꣬Դ֮ڵȴԴ֮ĻӦ

֪ôƵħͻ˳ע뵽ЩѨͨڿҫڵġԨ춴ֱӵִԨ֮·
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ֻǵ硣ڣҲҵħ꣬ȥݷһԨ˵ܺÿͣҵȻҪúüʶʶ벻ָ̡



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һħ괳ԨҲһҪôɢڴ˷صħܣӿ뵽Ԩ
˵ûдԨع֮ǰڴ˷Ӱ״̬
ԴͷԴͷδҸ֣һֱѹڰ࣬ǶҪ
Զ̫ʼֵɣ֪ǺУһЩɲѷɫ
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ȥǼһ̸һ¡
Զ̾һһҡӣȥӴԴͷˡ



һǧʮ ʦ

ħ񱴶̹˹ǿ̤ԨԺ󣬿ҫѸٻָ˳̬ûһ˿һԨ֮ݡ
޻ǿգֱһվɡ
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̹˹ģ
ƺΪĴڣΪȫ渴գ̹˹ŸҷȥԨ



һǧʮ ߲
ݣɽС
žĽ֯磬ӳ೾߲״񣬴ǳŵġԴ֮š룬Ȼһһ߲
ǣûһ˿һ롣
ռ䷨ѩĵ磬ӳ೾ڣϸľ
˸ãǣǱһ٣Ц档

кݵǿߣںġԴ֮šʹʧ
ҴӦ£ҿȫˡ
ع鱾Ժѵӳ೾ӶַֿɵͲŽµĴߺȡ
֪ԶɺԶûлӦЩˬ
Ӱһ棬־سЦѴ֮һνԴ֮ţͳҵĴ󲹵Щǣĵ裬һԴ̲֮
˵ҶҪһݣҪ벻ҩˡ
֪ӺδŪһ߲ʵǩЦ˵ҴỹҪȥǼһʧԺ󣬲Դ֮Ŷ¶˳أȨˣҪͷ۵Դ֮ţ
û˵ġԴ֮š˿ȫعˣͨռѹ
ˣάҲˣӳ೾⣬仹˭ʸЩԴ֮š
˵ÿһȡԴ֮š̲صĿռ䷨򣬻ŨĿռܣû
޳Դ֮šḶ́Ҳ׳ٴδĹ̡
ҲţЩǿߣֻỶӭĵΪƼȣ˶
һ뵽г̣˳˳ˮջЦ
Цݣ̫ʼ氲ȴ͸˵аζ
氲üʼĺݽľ棬᲻ܿʧء
ħ񱴶̹˹뿪ˣԴ֮вҲûˣԴ˷ʶһû˹ͬĵˣû⻼вڲ͵˺;ԹĽ׶Ρ
ںͺԶĶԹĹڣĳޣѵҪ
뵽⣬氲ɿһ̫ʼǸľͷ˰Ľ֮
ġ
·ͻȻ뵽ʲôӳ೾ƤЦǩָȣ˵Դܼܹ֮ںݵĿռ䷨ϣܹ׼ҵ©Ҿò̫Ծݲͬǳ磬Ľҡ
Դ֮Ϊߣû˸ָû˽ݵĿռ䷨֪̫ŪԴ֮
֮󣬺ڿռ棬ߵԶǸˣƺǽм۰ɣ
ͻȻ̫ʼ
̫ʼɫ糣˵
ȻңǾˣԴˡ
ӳ೾һƶ׼˰Դ֮Դ֮ܶϤݿռܹһȡԴ֮šߣѾļ
ľͷ˰ֵɣͻȻüͷһ罣
ںֶ£Ӧûɢˡ̫ʼ䲻ȵ˵
ʵ϶ġӳ೾ҡҡͷƬ̺˼˵ҵƲԨ·Դ֮񡣡
⻰һһԸ˼ֵɣô͡
氲΢΢һ
̫ʼӳ೾˵󣬾֪˼ȴûиκλӦֻЦЦˮܴ󺣰µĴء
˵ĲлȥԨͺñȣͨռǿԴ֮񣬵ǵһۣҲͬķʽûԨԨǱߣӴԴ֮񣿡氲Ҫȷϡ
ӳ೾Եνʼ򣬡أҲûϵŶˣ
һĶͷȥ氲ѯʣ᳤أҴӻ⽫ͻ˺ݣϣ̫ʼǽû
氲ɫӲģ
ţרŽͻغݣú̫ʼġӳ೾ЦбֵһۣŪ˵ܲںŰɣһ᳤ŪһǺɵģ
Ū鷳ƾʲôҴִɣ˵Բԣ
ι۸ʲôûʲôõģԶվǱߣ۲۰ͲΪԼΪڶ࿼ǿǣ
ӳ೾һһһ𾴶û֪ȥԴͷĺԶʵġ
ְҪһ˺죿˵ʵҿ˳һ㣬ʲôʲôƨ̫ʼǳȫռéʺļһĺŪ
ſӳ೾ָأЩͷһ顣
Ψû̫
ڵʱôû
̫ʼŭӵ
ʱȽæ
ӳ೾Цû㿪ġ
̫ʼ˵ȵұɣֻħԨӵͨ㻹ҪҸͨʶĻͱҲʹ죡
̫ʼȻӦ죬߶ûٺһ
һȺûߵļһȤǻ̴Ц죬û˼ѣ˵ɾ͸ɣƼܡ
˻֣·ͺʱ˲ھĺԨײ
һ󣬾ʧ٣ȥǺӿˡ
Ҫôͺˡ
ӳ೾뿪Ժݳ氲ոڵλãĽظ̾
ֵۣľȻ氲Ѻݿá
氲һɻ֮ۡ


췭ظĻߣûֹͣɱ
βͷľߣŴŻԶҲһֱû뿪Ԩ˵߷Χ
Ȼܹ޹ͨ͸Сһ򡣡ͻȻ
Ԩͷһ˵
꣡
ŲѵԶɫѪߵļ
ҾĿһͼߵһͷһͷҧˡ
ʱĻߣʱսλõķãԨѷֲĸβͷĸ׵ͷˡ
䣡
мӿŤܱԻΪģ˷ɢ
ŤĻӰؼпĲԨ̫ͳˣǹ
ͬʱԨظӦ̩̹޵ĴڣϷİ
ߵܣǹţ޷ԨѪͻǡ
Ҫ
̫Ĵ̫鲻һеأҪƳŮʡ
ɲǼ䣬Ůʱֳɫ̬ĳֱɢĹĻ꾪¡
ڴõŮʱ£ڵȻֳʤǿ̬֡
ҲڵĻ֮ȫرӿ֣ȥµȼս
ӣǹŤĵĻܣҲŮѹסˣԼûз裬ûк״̬
һ˺ܾðɣ
ֲ겨ΪĻ棬ĵ磬籩û˻ߵ硣
е̫飬ռû˲䱻ҫǡ
̫ĺû塣
뿪ģǽͷޣ޲ԸΪĴڣƻⳡעҪս



һǧʮ ʤİɴ
뿴Ůʣ޵лߣڻ
ƺκһش޶ܴлܼӿĳɳ
սֻҪڻòôҲܲ
һֱص꣬ڻǿߣͲη岻ͻߡ
Ȼ̫ĴڣƻⳡڴսΪ֪̫ԨĹϵҲֻǽ̫ߣûֱӳʹ̫顣

Ԩն̨ڵĿռ䣬֣ɻߵĿֲȻ͸
Ԩ֪ͷ޶չˣ⣬߱Ť֮ʴꡣ
ԲжıҾ档
ֻҪƬ縲֮أͲܻܣ֤Ůʱºͻߵս
ֻܲˡ
㵹ġԨһ
Ȼ̫鰲ȻŮʱµսŮʻ䣬Ҳ侲Թߵȥⳡս

ҡŤľߣʣһͷԱߣŨѪˮըǿܺγ˸ǿıը
ԨУߵķλռ˰㣬ֳһͰۡ
ÿһͰۣǳӣѤõѪˮŨڡ
ӶĻ֮𣬻лҰɫĵ磬ƱЩ޴ӵѪˮŨʴڡ
Ƭ̺󣬲ŮʵȻӰͻ߾Զˡ
ڻ߸ľ޴ӣԨҰڣ·ˮݡ
ͬɫˮݡ
ˮУڶʴѪâĳַѸ
䣡
ڶˮУŤĻ˳㣬Ű˷ϯ
˳ƺһѪᱻû
ڣսڻ򣬶Ǻ
ȻĻԨоЩ֮Ӻɢܹһˡ

Ůʵһɭ׵ëУͻǧٵĿѩ׵⣬Ѫһֱ۵ظֳ
һȦƬռչ֡
ҰɫŤҵҫĿѣԵĹԣԨĿϾӡ
˿ɣλսǿأһ
ܣһſʻǳҲǵ飬Ϊҽ
ͻȻеҡ
һսڻ̩̹ıУһͷڰտûв顣
Ȼ
ɴһȻʱ˴ħ񱴶̹˹֪ħΪμƶȥǿվȺ
ûľޣҲƵĻڻ򣬻ǿձ߽磬һعǺӡ
ΪȺսƺѡص㣬ǲ飬ҲȺǵĻ
ɾ޻ҵɱȥ˷һʲôʣ¡
˻˻
һͷĻߣ³̵ӣͷ·ĲλвɫĻ
ÿһƣ·һյѪ壬Ȼ;綾ء

㶾ŨˮƬƬظ֡
·ƾյһĲκ
ԭ߰
ԨȻԽطп
Ԩ޵ĻӦߵͷһңһƿž綾
ƿؾ綾ߣƽº͵ǸͷҲ̫еǸɴ
ʤߣȻǸɴ
ҲʱԨ֪ǰİɴһ˺ƵռĿ꣬κ룬ڶӦҲҪѷɫɴһ
ʴƣԿ־綾򣬴Կһ£н֮ࡣ
þò
ͻȻ䣬߿ԣЩŨ£̬֡
ףźŮ˼Ϊƣͷڷ衣
ֻǡ
ǰɫ¶ŮݣŶԵΪӷס
̫ʳ϶ѻ˷⡣
Ԩı飬ΪֳͷȻͱùŹࡣ
ݵ̫飬ѵϲŮˣ
Ը̡
Ҿ֪յĻʤߣһ㡣
Ůҡһ䣬ͷ۵Ρ뷨ࡣ
ִƻһŻߣĵͫûвûԴ֮İҵǸͷԲѹ㡣
ô̧ңҺжҵĺý㣬ְһأҶ֪ôлˡݺֺĻߣЦС۾·ʧˡ
֮꣬սûͽͷһ¡Ϊİæҵõ˺ܶɣѹУһѹǼꡣûԴ֮񣬹ƻҵȥԴ磬»ء
ߵ顣
űQãǱָҧˣҺ֮սļΣûԤ£һʤ
ŮĻߣ˵һԼսԵúܵ⡣
Ҳ㡣
ͷ۵ĳˣǧɵľ޴ɽӹϴ˵߳顣
ͷĻߣͻȻһСеӾ͹վŰذæ
Ԩһϸ۲󣬾ͷֻǿܣߵľ֮ŪĺЩŨƻۡ
Ůʷֺδá
ͬΪǿվޣܾȡǺܣŮʵѪȻҲܾ£
£ˣǾֻһˡ˲ϸ
ͷڰߣ
𣿡
еԨɫһ
ĬӦ·ɶҲû
ûӦȻĬˡ
£ҪûƾУ⸳㣬ÿһº
Ԩѵô᲻ǿǿģǱġ
غ
޲鲻ԸӦԨϼĶĶ
ѵһҲͻȻı⣬ĸԤһս˶ǿܵӰ졣
һ֣ԨʱͿаǿܣŮʱӿȥ
Ůɫ̬½صÿһƬëڷȡǿܡ
ǰսĵôһѻع롣
ڻǿܣԭ͸ڱأȻ̩̹ҲὫΪѨͱ⡣
ÿһͷǿվޣϼ뿪Ļ򣬳ɳٶȶӿ졣
ͬģܵ˵ǿվޣҲڻڸػָ
󾯸һΣԹԷ֣ʲôҪܡҺսԺҽߣҾ͵ʲôû
֪ڰ͵͵ʹҾԶ󣡡
ڣҲֻΪõԴѪ֮ıܳԽңܳΪϵİ
ֻѪûеõԴѪļӳ֡㣬ǳˣҲδҵĶ֣Ըʵһ㡣
Ůʿڳв
ĬֻԨǻһغ
·˵ԨԴѪӳ֡



һǧٰʮ ̰ĵ
ҫǡ
͹̫飬ʱĬr⵽׷ѯʧ֣ʲô
ǰɴ̫飬ȷ³ڿҫǣ֪޶ֽš
Ҳ֪ˣ޲氢ɴͲŮʵս
ϻصǸս֤ɴͲŮʵɱʵڲеĻԶԶŰɴҲǺõġ
ϧռĻڣ¡
ǰ£ն̨ˡ
̫ע⵽Ĭr죬䵽ҫǣԥһ£˵ǱߣǲŮʱºͻߣͻȻ
ʱֻǹ۲
ȻٺٹЦЦߵͷ˵Ҳأ£ǸӰŮˣӦҲڳѰǸս
Ԩһţ쾪
˭أ
һûԼ˵ħ񱴶̹˹ԶԨǵ磬ѹǿľɽƿˣΪսļһ϶ЩʲôġϾǧѷĻᰡ
ҲǣŮʺͻߣһ䣬һˣ;߱ȫûĿԣ
ԣֵգðڻѰȥ
ҪܳɹأڵߺͲŮʣͷڵ̩̹
ŵ˵ⶼһ¶Ѫ
ֿ̬ԣҲԸȥ
ͷ޵ڸա̫ѡ
֪
Ȼͷʧ֣ȵĲѪءԻռ䷨ƿˣ㶼ߣֱͻ˵ĳɳѸͰ
벻Ůʣвپġ
ֻͨԭеӰһ¾ƣ𲻵һá
ͬΪȺ￴ĺ͸ҲͷС̩̹źͬ뷨
뿴Ůʣ޵Ѫսף뿴һĻش
ﻹ֪Ϊսڻϼ磬ͨĦǵսԴһǲķ
ǵĲɱĲѪ䣬޻ߡ
Ȼ󣬴ǵѪУĴ壬Լľ֮Ĺ
̩̹ĺᣬ֮ı棬һ̳
ͨѪ⣬ܷܶණʹһƤëͲŮʣͻĳһսʱҲ֪֪ˡ
ǣ
Ȼ䣬ӿҫǵһѨڣܳһλշݵƤͷȧݵļһ
Ŀ͵ؿĬr죬ãȻԴ֮أУǼôһģ
Σ
̻ͨΣ
̫ͬʱ
һοռ䴫У֪ٵΣǰӷײݵʬ
ؽѣ˶Ưҵ˻ع֮·
ô£
̫ٿȻӽоεѪѿݽߣͻͬ
һ֪˭ΣܵӻǸѨ
̫飬ڵǸ
Ѫǵ̫飬һԱݵʱβ͵侲ûһͷ·ĶѨ

Ǵοռ䴫ʱһ뵽δ֪أ̴ЦʧУǸ绺ȡ
ĿռĿռأͻǸ޵һزʳ
û̴ЦûűǸСأҲûסԼֹʧֻܾصȴ
ȴţһѪ⾫ܱ龡쵽
־ӣкܶԾʹĥһֱڵȴ漣ķ
Ȼ󣬻ȵ漣
ǰãǷϳСأֹͣ޶ȵʣ಻ܳһѷγɡ
ǣѷ죬ƴд˳ȥ
֮㵽˿ҫǡ
ǱԴ֮Ľûеͻķʽݱ㣬ͽԺЧ̫࣬ξδ˵вʱˡ
˭˭ܽμ
̹˹
̫˵ֺһӰ
ԭǴħ񱴶̹˹ؼ䣬Ҳֻ֣Դܱ֮ͽ𰸡
ҲһֱΪܴԴ֮ģֻǴħ񱴶̹˹
ңձŪصʱᵽϵϢϵҲһ·һ˱𴦡
ͻȻʲôЩ״ε˵뿪ǹҵĸϣϷ·ͬͬԴ֣ʧĵطĽҵĵطƺһ¡ںҾʲôҲоˡ
ⷬ˵Ĵͷԡ
ֻ̫뵽˱ġ
ƵģͬͬԴǼ
ĿռǼģ̫ڡԨ춴ᵽǹϢٽεĻһ²⡣
Ǹͬ飬滹влӦǷĴߡ
ԣûкΰ㱻ĽؾûѪ⡢ͻֻǱˡ
ǣȥ˺δ̫üͷ塣

һˡ
ŮʺͻʤİɴȼɺͻȻٴ˺ս
绷еԨɫ̬Ůʱ£һ󣬾ͳڶˮ롣
ÿһˮݣ·ܱ޶ʵľ綾磬ȴӦ顣
ˮаصľ綾򣬻ҵŨŮʱµӰ첢ԡ
һǣǷ㱻ŨѪˮûԵüΪģڣӰͰɫľߣʼս
Ѫŵɽ
˿̣ԨӦ޵ļͻϲ
ڴսƺʽǲŮʺͻߵ˺ҧǽѪиײ
ҪģϵͬǿߣĹУһչǲطһѪɡ
ܴоȡ
ǣĿϲû̫ܳá
̤ն̨Ԩ类˿̽Ȩ֪Ȼһء
ǣԨͿֳ֮ԨᣬվŽżսʿǸ֪Ӱ
Դ֮ߵӰ֣Ϊ᲻ϵָ
ߣϻ߷ŮʱµӰ֪ⷽڻĺδ·ˡ
Ԩһĸ·֮ǿպʱһǧ
ӵǿܣ糱ϫӿΪṩ
ȫ;ʱͷ޶ûа취ضϴ˽ǿܱǣ
غĵǡ
ԨףĲŮʣͻ߷ֳʤԺĶᱻԨغ
֪ԨڵԨỹͨԴ֮һԨ÷ʽڻܰѴ˽簵صĹԼ
ҰԨ᣿
ԨһڣǱߵ˻Ӧ
Ԩϡ
Ҫ̫ˣǿ벻ͻߣܻҪԨᾡڻ򡣡
Ԩüͷ壬̰áҪо޳ȫĳɳûôס
޺ȻĬ
ðΣٴغشѶĿֻš
һͷ޵ϣıȡԴѪ±̫ʼȦͷޣĴڶԽ
ǸͬѪףֻܻһͷֻһͷ۷壬丸ȼ硣
ԸǸѪ׵ĵʯ
Ѿ˻ɳͿ㻹ң
ԨüͷλҲΪ塣ǸѪףûеõԴѪĶ֡
޽˵ͷޣҪͼͨ򣬽кôͱռ
ٴ֪ǳʲô˼뵽ĳصء
Ԩٴζϵ
˰ɣ
ԨƬ̣磬ȻҲڻɢ
ӦԻҲɫصȥܣȴŮʣǻߵսˣ߱ȫŮʵϣ⾡ɢ
ܵĻ֮Ҳú΢ȫƾԼ
ǡ𣿡
ڴ˿̣һӵʶǿд
ȥˣػûۻѰظļӿ֣˹ȥ
ңǰն̨Ԩǵ̫
ܣձ£Ԩ춴Ǹھ뢡



һǧٰʮһ ½ң

ն̨Ѱ֦ҶͻȻʼҵҡΡ
ԨӨ׵̨뿪̤Ţʪأĸλ
һ̧ͷͿѰεأһķ֦ɣ͸·׶ء
ԨȻԺһĻ档
ǿʱڵѰӴһ򣬴ɷֳ֦׷״뵽ǳУȺȡ
Ҳ磬֦ɣЩǳ̺Ĳľܡ
ǰ飬Ҳӻ壬ҲȺ磬ŲȾָշ
ɱأҪҲȺǰطĲľܣһˡ
Ǿѣ
ԣδԴ֮ƻǰ״̬һЩ£Բڰ塢ǻȺԣҲ񼫡
һԼ׷ɱҲȡ
ȣ
ڵ鲻̫á
µԨ֮ï֦ܵҶŰĲľܣĵӺͻ֣̿˵Ȼ»˹ȻŮʼά㣬ʵֵ㣬ܳõشڡ
㻹ǰ͵ȼͼ׳ԼһҪὣĸˡ
ԨԴǺܲ
ǧ֮ߣȻǸȻԶûõ׼ȷĴ𰸣϶Ԩ̫
ǣӦԹԵԨѵ⡣
ǲǳģСʱıΪ֮֮ڻڣʱԨŸɡ
ΨһֻܱвŮʣƫƫҲǳشˡ
ǸʵС޷ſռƣͺܹͨġ
ر뷨ͨҫǣ򣬽ɱԨҲûܡ
ǽʼΪŮʵģƺոڰҲն̨ԨӰӡ
ӶȷԨͷޣȲͻܾˡ
ӿҫǿֵ߽ɣԶ֮࣬ĨɱͷҪͼıͻߵԨᣬûܡ
ٲԼİɡ
Ԩ΢䣬֪ΪΣѰûʲôøУǰڣܵЩ
ô˵е򵥣ǻۿԺ󣬻˼Ҳӿˡ

ݡ
һͷͷȻǱȻһ·ĺԨķλȥ
쳣ٶ̻ʯ֪ʲôѶڣעһ¡
̫ʼ֪Ϣ󣬰Ե̽飬ֲٰ˼;żȻԾĺԨܹͨڣֱȥǺӡ
ÿԨڣܺͺݵľĺԨӣӳ೾ڻλԺ󣬼ЩԨڡ
Ԩڣ˱ӵͨ
ЩغԨڵߣӳ೾Ļعͷƿز˺Ԩˡ
½Ұ
ǿĿۣ̫֮ʼһ̾ûôݵˡ
ԱߣħǱ̻ķӺ;巡
̫ʼˣǵ᳤ʲôˣ
ɽķڰգ̬ʼձǫѷüչҲõ˵Ϣֻǲʯ᳤Ǳߣǵ״԰Ū
ǳ֮ѵľ巣Ҳؿ
᳤ûĵأҪԼΪаǰǺչˣҲǵ
̻ںݣнʱյĵλ᳤Ĺ
ɽڣɢݳ˵᳤ݣа࣬Ū̻Ļ̡̻
ʯ֪Ϣͨ÷Ӻ;Ͻ״
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пܻɣ
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ڣȥݷȥء
ĵУ꣬ص˵ͷһá


ѰԨǽŲŮʣͷߵս
ޣ·ԼһϢԡ
ԨᣬλսʿӰָţӽս
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Ԩ֪ѩܵĵȻ޵ֱʡ
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ŷľޣǷޣͷ޳Լ
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Ԩоÿһʧͨӳ೾Ѷ塣
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ԨֽڰգСվǰӬֱһᡣ
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΢ЦӰǸֱԴ֮ȫۻļһӦô˷ſڡ
λսʿͬ
ѪǿߣֻԨᡣǸԨĸоʼԼ˼ǣж˸־
ҲǳģûԨϢĸʴûнһפԴ硣
Ӱͬ͵갵ĵϸ˹ͶʱһһŤɭϢ



һǧٰʮ Ԩеа
ҽа¿ȣбҪһ˵ǡ
ӰλһƬҰӰأͷɢ¶ݣĿĵسԨ
ۻࣿ㾹Ȼ˵ǱԴ֮ۻࣿǣǶԨһ֪
¶ֵЦݣЦ˲ͨ
ԱĽͻȻüͷƺֹĺ
ûʲôµˣԴ֮Ȼ̹˹вŻعԨҲõĳˡϾЧҵĶҲԨӰа񡣡
˵Ӱаϵľ࣬Ҳ峺һЩ
ԨʲôӰа񣿡ԨȻ
Сӣ㶮ƨӰ壬һֱʹ˷룬Ұ¿֮ǰûеʮѪսʿ
֪ΪʲôΪǵѪһʼǲȱģ
ǱԨ
Ϊ¿ȵӰԨ׼ٴμ콣󡱣һȥƬӰʱһܡ
һԨҲ𺳵ˣûڻӽ
ԨԨȻ
׼ȷ˵ѪڵӰԭԨ̩̹Ԩ̽ʱͨɱⷽа񣬲˺Ӱص壬磬ȻӰ͸ˡ
Ҳڸǰδ֪ʱʲôӰط˹
ΪԴ֮ԴڣӴӰаԨЧҵӰа񣬺Դ֮ͬһȼߴڡ
ӰаͨԴ磬ӰܣѪ
ԣܿ뵽ʮѪԴ֮ûʲôϵѹҵˡ
¿˵
˵Ҷ䵽Ԩ˵ұԨۻ࣬ʵһ㲻׼ȷҽӴԨֻǻؼҶѣڵӰѪӰѪطԨǵҲԨ
ƫִԴжԴ֮ûһ˿أżֲ
ԭӰаһԴ֮ͬȼԨߣͨԴ깵ͨͻƵѪ
ȻŷӰаΪƺҲûʲôë
ô
ԨɿͬΪʮѪǰû¶ͷĽ
Һͬ
ɫ䣬ȡһɫߣǣֻ¶۾˵Ǳ͵ġ
Ԩᡣ
ʱʱ£ĿռзУԨӴ缴űǸռз죬ֻͻȻ߲֮ţر
һ޴Ļƽɫǳ֣ƬƬɫۣһѪ͡
Ȼ򡣡
ΪԨᣬֹʱ֮Ҳִڴˡ
򣿺ǣ
¿ֹЦͷɢµݣ͸һ˵Ĺ죬ƺ̫ܲ̲סҪ˷
Ԩϴˣͨ¿նԨܡ
ӰڰŤ
¿
죡
Ľŭ
ڣڱЩסˣûҡ
Ӱİ¿ȣϵطɭɭЦź̶ܴ˼Ϊ
ڰ
Ԩɫ΢䣬䲻أһ˿塣
ѵ˵ħ̴ЦĺڰʱҲԴԨ
߳Ǻӵ̩̹ŰԨʱɱӰа񣬻Դ֮Ԩ뢣Ԩˣ뵽˾֮ġ
ΪĴûΪ䣬ڴ˷翪֦ɢҶ
УӰ⣬ڶһʼԨֵ
ѵͨԨǿ
ԨǱߣִƺڰ֮аѾȲħ̴Ц졣ڰ֮ʵԨһǿ֧Ǳߵĺڰ򷴶ȱȫԨеĺڰȺҪܽӴ̴Ц죬̴ЦΪ飡
гһգ̴ЦҪܽԨкܶ׷ߣкܶͽ
ܵõ£ҪȺݵħǿװĵɽԨǱߵĺڰа
ﲻһԨ⣬ֻҪͬͬԴߣǶϿɡ
Դ֮˽ģ뿴ԨĺڰȺ׳ֻҪ̴Цʵ̴࣬ЦԸ񣬶ҪԴ֮ĽͻȥӴԨȥԨ£İ
ҪȥԨЩڰȺǷڰһֲȱԨĺڰа񣡡
ڰаԨԹͱԴ֮񣬱ŷӰаߡ
ⶼԴ֮񣡡
ûİ¿ȣ˼ɣӰаͨԴ罻Ѿ˽⵽һЩԨĽṹ
˭ʲôأǴԨγɺɢݵǵ磿
Ԩˣû뵽ŷҵİ¿ȣȻΪԼĴ̼Ϊ⿪һԨֵɴ
ԭԨ⡣
ԭֻҪ̴ЦӴڰȺֻҪԨϾܳΪԨĺڰа
̴Ц콫øǿӵиºǿߣջľˣ
̴ЦԸ񣬸֪ĺ£ʵһֱѡ
ڴ˷磬û̴ЦļһͨԨĵ򣬱óԽԨаߣ
С
ЩһԨԨеͬߣǵа
Դ֮ôҴԨ֮ŵģԨȻ
ڿǰȳΪԨߣϧʧˡ¿Ⱥһûħ񱴶̹˹֣ԿҫǣԨ춴򣬻кݣʮûԨ޵С
вԨа񣬷Ϊ졣
ɹˣԨı̹˹аóϷʱԨ֮ţܺɨ硣
ϧջǹһ񣬻Ǳ̹˹ƹˡ
ܾܿһ䣬ħ񱴶̹˹ԺԴ֮еĽͱֱӸдˡ



һǧٰʮ ⣬ܣ
ݣػɽ
Ī״ͨ徧Ө񣬶ڵ¯桱ײҽ̶ڻ

¯ʣ˿˿Ƶĵػâܵ¯緢˿㾧Өĺ磬ʧĪ״ڡ
ƵסĺԶӻɽƮ͵¯ƽ
Ī״֮һ󣬾˵¯¯ǡ
¯ڵסúԶܹƼЩӡڱڵĻС
ôѸٵزػأΪڡ桱ڵĻУְ̺ҵĵػ
ԨҩڵǸʦôػԻеʽ̻˵¯ڱС
µԨλ֪٣ļз·ûڹʦȻΣ
뺫Զ֪ЩԵס˵¯ڣֻ¯ĮԶ
Զ̾˿䣬λѣѲΡ
Ī״Ĭ
֪ҲӦףôΪ˺ݡڲҲ֪ˣӳ೾ԺճŵȺͨɽԴ֮ʧˡ
ںҹµĶľͱˡ
ûӳ೾֣Դ֮Żܻٵݣ˭ҲԤϲĿֲ
أֵõġ
ɽʱԶͿĪ״ܱ֪ͻϮԪڣǵ֣Ī״ȴʲôҲˡ
ģ𩣬Ԫλ߶ˣ֮λҲˡ
Ī״ôûԹ
⣬ܣĪ״ɫĮ˵
ҿԶŵ۵ֻҪ߱λʸҾͻ񡣡ԶһɫϿҵ˵ҲҴӦġ
ΣĪ״Ȼ䵭ԴУԺԶûľ⡣
ҲȻв£Ȱ˵УΪˣΪʲô룬̴ЦˣĪ״ߵ۵λҲΪ𣬸ı䲻ʲô
գ·ҽ̶챦ʯڣ΢ϸĺɫð
óıԴλ㻹ǸҰɡҪ˷ȥս
Ī״ն˵
ݵĵػûܳɹϣ̫ãˡԶ̾
Ī״ʲôжôƫִﲻ

Ļƽ޷֮ס
һԪڵħڵһЩɵ̳аħȥԵػߣĸǱյĻɢ
֪⣬Ҳܸо᳤Ĵڡ׹䵽Ǿ߽͵壬ڳŵ֮׵ķաĽ֮ӡŵڶУĽ·֮յĺںˡ
»ҿҪԵ֮ף׷Ѱļ˴
Ī״̵һֱźԶ۾ƽ˵ûִ֮ܵףûƻа·׷ûԵػ֮ǰҲֻܿԸоĴλá
Ұﲻ㣬Ҳﲻ㻹ذɡ
ⷬԺƵأҽ̶ȥ
᳤а·ͣҪһʱ䣬ϣڼѲػѾ߱λʸ񡣡
㣬Ϊ׼һϯλܳԷ񡣡
ҷɹҲﵽ᳤ݽ
ۣ
¯Ī״һŨҽ֭Һʧ
Զɬ

㻹ʲô˵ģ˵
ڻԨӰͲˣʾ¶
ûԴ֮в¿ԨصܣԨ۽硣
ĽλսʿҲս
¿˵һЩ£Ҳ֪飬ҲΪ֮𺳣Ҳ
Ҫǵ죬̴Ц֪øԨǣߣʶԨǱߣںͬһԴͷִⲿֵȨаҪȥӴԨ¿ȵЦ
һԨı𣬴ӿռз𣬵·ʲô˴Ѷ
˻ԨԨﺬ壬澹
˵ڿռзԵѹܴ
ҫǱߡ
ͷоһѨͨδݵ΢𣬾ȵؿһ
ͷ׳еޣ߲ͻƽҪԸ㣿ôˣ㻹ǵһ૵
һ̣½أǿźǳķɵա
ͷޣ˲֪룬æؿ
ǻΪ﷢ˣ׼¶һɱ
ûκνͣҲû̫顢Ĭr˴кǳȻС˼
ǳȻۣܿʧ˵ҰС
ӦԨ룿
Ȼ뵽뿪ǰ׳֦ﵱʱ˵Ҫǡ
ڣѵǿˣԸѽͬˣ
ͷǿվޣսʿӰǸڻʲô
ɱޣ
̫һ£ȥͨԨ˵ĺȻ뿪
ȻԨǱߺܿ˻Ӧ
Ԩᱻͷޣӳ೾Χڿռв㣬ȡ̫͡
£ûʲôϵҪȥڣ磬̫ûӴˣҲȥ͸͸ˡ˵
˵Ǳڳʱ䣬ܹԿҫǣֱȥȥĵط̫һԨһ߶˵
۾һЦǸãҪغݣҿɲ浽Ʈ
ĬrƬ̣˵ҲҪһ˿־֮ء
ԴͷͺԶڲǰйһνڻҲܸ֪Ѷ֪ҲҪһºݡ
һŨŨİ֮飬̫ɢݳҶظо
ʲôѯʡ
ոմԨǱߣõһϢ̫飬ͷ˵ŮʺͰɴսнˣǰɴܶ
֮С
ɴʶǸɴ
̫鴹ͷţˮ֮Ҫƴץס㶫ȴʲôûС
ı޴ʧƺÿտյʱûĿ귽



һǧٰʮ ޵
ԨĽӽ̫ͬʧ䣬ҲеǸ⡣
Ůʺͻߵǳ޵֮սδֹԳưɴĻߣԲŮʳԹޡ
Թޣʮƺû취ĵز
߱УǼսֻһΪսᡣ
ǰɴ̫ǱеѽܣҪһ
˽ģü̫鲻ʹ죬Ҳûȥ
䣡¡
µն̨ͻȻƱطǣòܿˡ
ɫޱԨеп֣֮ڴ۸ն̨ڲصĴ
ͷޣ
˲Ͷ϶࣡µģֻն̨ģͻнϵ̩̹ޡ
ֻ
һٻ𣬰ն̨ķ䣬ͷʬ߲ϼ֣򱻽ɫĵâסĵĺǣ
ʬòԨ˵Ŀƣ׷ռзȥ
Ҳûع鱾ˡ
ӳ೾Цӿռздڽ߲ǺǾ߲ںϡ
ӭʬѪᣬǾȴ֮ˡ
ҲڹЦͬڿռзڣȥûĻƽǡ
Ȼ˪źҲ޵Сն̨ߡ
ƺҪ佻żı˪ͷĺȥ档
ն̨ܳڣ˲⣬ΪͷʮԾ߱ܶ
ûͷʮն̨ôǿ
᲻˶ףǰ棿
ӰλλսʿҲһĻȵˣû뵽Ϊն̨һ˵ԨѾʧȥ˶ƿء
̩̹ޣ
ҲƳ˲Ծ¿ȣλʹɫǱ
ԨǰɣͷΪǿ󣬻ĸգĴռԴеĶֻҪ壬ȥġ
ĻܲǵĵˣǵսҲûʲô塣
ԨмѪϵܸܵǿռз䱻˲֣ʵг
޴˿ӳ೾򡣬ն̨ûʬ·Ҫɱ֡
ʼΪԨᵣģȥԨͷޣìܣûп𵽵á
֪
Ԩƣܸоӳ೾ͷӭʱ֮ͻƽʬǣֱ׳
ͷź̷ն̨ڲСرÿյ
̫˿̵һ㡣
ʱԨҲо޴ʧӿ뵽ͷɫЩ㱡
ಣ
ӴԨᣬҲ֪ΣգǷ˱飬ӿһԨϢǿռзڳ
Ȼһ˲仯ߵ
ɫأ뿪ѸϵĿռ϶֣ͻȻˣٺҾˡ

սʱͷźն̨ռз졣
ʱ֮ͻƽһĲкûκ͵أֱӱӳ೾߲ںϣס
ӳ೾߲֮ڼʱڣɱ֮塣
ٴУŵողģӵԨ˳Ͻӿռзȥ
ȴ֣һѺ谭ûУ˲ˡ
ĸоǵӳ೾ʵĺƴûнΪҪɱĿꡣ
ֻΪ㣬ΪòŮʣܹӻ뿪
üΪԨŹâûôն̨˵ӳ೾ŮʱµĽס
ͷ棬ѱնɱŮʺޣʳ˻ߡ
ΪŮЯѰ뿪
ӳ೾޻ǣû취ʱڣȥ׷Ůʡ
ۿģ
̬ԨᣬɫĹ㸡֣·ڼ˼±صĶ
ն̨ˡԨͷ
ޣն̨ڲɳȡͷѪ൱˽⡣
ڻƿּǿͷʬʬ壬һôˡ
һкûͽͷʬߣԨĴŭ⡣
֪ȺܣҶͷ޵ԶԶŮʡУͻߵսսʳĻǾ綾ѪĽܻ
綾ںϣʱֹѸٻָȷʵڼ״̬
״̬ʵ
ɫһ䡣
㾿˵ʲôԨü
Ȼǰܹն̨񣬿ͻߵսôԿ㻹ܿ𣿡Ԩѯʡ
Ԩһżն̨Ŀ֮̽д벻Ӱ
һ٣

Ԩɫøˣһһ籩Ҹ㣡ڿʱ֮ʬ˳ȥȥʮûôҪն̨棬ҲֻΪͷȥʬ
ն̨̫ĺã͸ĵͨ
Ǳԭ򣬶ͷ޲㿴
Ϊ޺߲Ǹ򡣬ҪɱĿ꣬һʼͲңǲŮʣ
Ƕҵӻ̫ˣҲǶԲϮɱ
˿̵Ĳڼ״̬ܾҪ뿪ˡң֮ľ㹻ԶҲ˵Ĳ²⡣
ԨʵࡣͷԲ̣ʱֽ֮թݶʱ֮ıߣն̨ʬǡһ뿪ҲһԤıģ

̤СǳХ
Ժܽţ˵ᣬҪ취ֹµĲڻҲû·ˣ
ҵȻ֪Ԩͺ



һǧٰʮ 
ͷʬȥն̨໥ŽޣǶСأ˿̺졣
ӨӲĴر棬еܻɵĹ磬ܼչ
¡
ı𵴣Ʋ֪૳
һǣڶն̨ײ㣬ʬڸǧĻ䣬ڶнʹ
ƾʱ˪֮ѩ
ǧöǧͷȱ޳ʹ
ಣ
ԨıٿȻͷʬȥԵÿյ硣
˷ͷʬ뿪Сر˴˺£ƽѪ壬ʱ֮ķͱ˪ĺûʬʧʧ׵Ĵرظš
Сؼ谭飬ǧΧԨ衣
ÿһöֳѺĽһͷ̬˿̽׳󣬲ʼԨĻϢȡ
һն̨ڲ磬ǧŴ
һۿȥһͷͷԶʱȱסĻ档
Ⱥ죬񿥷Ƿϧȴãȫʹ
䣡
һƴԨȥʼն̨ײ㣬ʬ뿪ᱻļ˸ѩ׵磬˲ʶСأع鵽ꡣ
ºݣ
һγļ䣬򡰸䡱ʻҲ

겻ԨᣬѪͻȻܵѹƣ㵵ն̨ǰɫԨѲӰ
ԭ޹նֱ̨Ө
͸
͸ն̨ڲСУǧţر̢ţʹ໺

һһĵ磬ն̨ڼȥѵĿռ϶ĳڻ޷صء
·һصĺܺúܺãһֱƿصǳأ
֮ǣ
һʼ͸ڴ۸Ļԭеĵ򣬽нϺƣ
ѹںǽȻһ󣬺Ȼֽ
еظܳЩĵ򣬾ȻʮͼУһͷͷѪ
йɵ׹ںͬã͸ķ档
ЩϹʱڵĺݣ貹âĴһĵ磬Դ˷ĳؽ͸
ն̨
Ӱİ¿ȣܵһֲִòԶеն̨ܵĵĲȵͷʬ뿪ԺΪûбøˣ
һȡ
Դ֮ǰڿҫʱһЩ䰵ʾĻͻȻԨˡ
ն̨˿̵ľޱ䣬ӿַĵһͷͷнȱն̨½أúѪԶͻƲʮ䣬ԺУճһΰӰ
նߣ
𣿡
ӰԺԨ΢ֱ۾ſ־;η⣬һˣҪڻˣ㻹Ҫ𣿣
һֻС㷴ã
ҵĽ飬ͬɱнģ㲻ΪôһСҵĸܣ
࣡ǲ


Ӱİ¿״εૡ
սʿãȻͻȻʧɫ

˿̵Ŀ⣬ӲͷƤˡ
Ҿֻ֪ˣն̨ʬ뿪ն̨һܲԭòԨЦȻֻ뿴ٴն
Ѿʼˡ

Զڻһ˵Ŀҫǣȫܵն̨ǣӻԭ͵سڴˡ
ն̨·
Ĭr죬̫˽ãȻʧ룬ؿն̨䡣
໺໣
˺ݣӳ೾ָͳ죬޵ٻڻһѪ겻ϵز
ǵѪͨǲǱסˡ
ӳ೾򡣡
ڻıأͷĲŮʣ־˿Բ԰ףవ綾еĵ⣬ĬĬҪԼ࣬һ֡
ߵľ綾򣬶ѪгǿʴںϵĹ̼Ϊ֡
ھҪϷŮʱ¿ŲԶĹƼϡϡǹ⡣
֪ҪĽڣЩϡϡǹϡٵǳ
ֻҪӻ뿪ѨѪӦӦܴѰٵڰصѨ
;棬ֱӻصϤأٻָ
ۿʤˣȻô粽У֪Ρ
ǰǫѷ͹ӳ೾߲߲󣬴һѵĿռ϶ɳ
߲ɫڣǱͺ

һǧĽɫǽڣҡڻεţĻƽ֮
ѿĿռ϶У˶Ͻɫ貵ա
޵۾
ԭҡ
վ֪ᷢʲô¶һذӨ°ͣ·͸ظС
Ѱ֦Ҷҡ߲ƽֿ˫޴Ͻɫͫʱ֪ͷ
ǰ̣ǳڱͳεĻ״̬Ůʱ£ûĿܡ
ڵġ
һͳٴδŮʱµͷ֡
һûлӦĲŮʣʱ˻Ӧ
򵥵ءšһ
һ߲ѤõݵĻƽӴϣƾոֳܼ
߲ͻȻƤѪ߲ϼ⣬䡣
ƽ岻ɽ˿𣬿Ժе꣬һ޴ķˣѹĥꡣ
ǣҲڲҺ



һǧپʮ ϳ
Ůƽؿ߲İһ磬εͷսթʱ
Ҫ㡣
˵ǣһȣԳ

ӿǿܣƱ߬ţӲվλá
ӡѪеಿλԴڻߵľ綾򣬺Ľڣ˶ͻȻӿ졣
У¶ɫ档
⡣
޶Դ˷ƿأԻӰȻҲܱᡣ
ϵǿѰΪϾҪ飬ϾҪͷ̰бޣ۶Ϻһȥ
֪̩̹ԣ֪һʱİԾˡ
ûϵͻû뵽ǰľ棬ҲܱŤת
˭
ӨУһĨӰؿѪǿյ߲
˿̵ĻƽܣһƬƬҫ۵ĽɫۣԿȻƽȴ಻֪ס
ÿרļϢγ𣬾Ϊ壡
ȻƽûѪѣɫ̫͸˺ʹࡣ
ܵĥȻ꣡

һӰھҡ߲ͷݲȵð
ʹĿҪʧȥǵ߲Ӱ·һĻĻ޴Ĳ档
Ѥöʵʱ֮ʱͿռ׷ͣͣΪܵǹѹ˺֣Ȼð֡
ʱûָΪ̬ģ߲״֮
һӵĻˮ
߲ףԨһ㰲ʱ֮Ȼ߲Ѫ⣬ͼѵۡ
Ԩ֣Ȼӳֱ
߲ʵǡ
߲ˮǣһؿռ֮һʱ֮ӳ೾ķǧĴ⡣
Ԩֻ֣ڴǵɲǣӳ೾ػ
߲ˮǣͼͷӡŵѪصĴǾҪ롣
ӳ೾ӿ޴Ŀ־塣
նߣҲֻܷǣƻĴ
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ǣԨܽڵʱհ룬еѪ
Ŷ㡣
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Уɫ꣬ϸܵս껯ɫҺϸһɹɡ
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ͨ貣Ө͸ֱӳѿĿռ϶˶յϽɫ
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һѪУǻǣͻȻų˶ĿĹԡ
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䣡
Ԩڿռ϶ĿӴԭʼ絹ʯ̬
һ⾧ڣڵѪ縡֣ڶͨ͸ıԴϢ
ϡ񣬶ϵѪƣȻѹƣ
ڵǿž֮ģҵ̬һ£СûУֻǱҸѡ
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˿ĵؽ磬Щն̨ɳģԶźʱطȥ޲ǡ
ǿǣ̩̹屦ҲڻѨ
Ŵ˵еǣǡºݡƻУزٵǲ֣

ޱŰ˻ţ˶ϽɫͫУ͸˷
½صһѪеġǡѪձֲѪܣͱԨ絹ʯѹơ
ѪͨڼʱͻȻĪѶϿ
Ԩǰøǿӳ೾һȻƺ⣡
ܰѡ䡱ѲԨ
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غųˡ
㻹һѪףҪƶºݵĳΣҪһͷҲԲ㼱ϴٻ岿꣬ѵǾãܹʤң
Ԩɫÿ˵һ仰д֮ź
򣬷·ն̨ڵȾˣ·ҪΪ



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ԨһȫѹӡԴͻԴѪ󣬸ء
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ΨһǸѡ񣡡



һǧپʮ 
ħ׿ü˼

΢СηΪһ˿˿ĵ磬ڸ׿ĿռܣңԶ֪̽ɱ
׿ɫһĿ¶ٻң
УԴͷ־Ѫϵڻߵ޷ͨ׿ֱɽ١
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ǣҵ׿˴һЩͷԸ׿飬ġ
ڲǰԨ׿ʱĸ׿ˣЩرܿԴͷ߼ϵûôĽܡ
ļз룬ǰϾԴͷѪ֮ӡ
ӦԴͷоΣԶ־˹
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ѪԴԻİҵԸķԸҲΪϣҲֻܴ壬ٴγưԴ˷ǿգ



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ԨЦһͷСͻȻ٣˻
ܰѷӳ೾ͻƵʮҽն̨˻
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ܷһӣҺ棬ǡ
ָĽսʿӰİ¿ȣǰȻ뿪֪ƻͷޣͷʮ񣬻̫顣
ͣһ£Ƴһۿҫǣ̾һ
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Ǽˣ˵һ֣뵽ٵľ棬ҲͷĬ
һ뷨˵
ԨЦЦﻹ棬Żޣ˵û˴ħ񱴶̹˹ǿգǰѪޱȵױϡҪôǺҪôѪħ屳
ͨκһλѪħ˽٣﾿ںδ˿֪
Ҳûǰ򣬻ΪһͷѰʳȷҪʱ뿪򣿡



һǧپʮ ˰ɣ
ͷǿվޣԴͷľ޴вȻĬȥ
Ԩ飬ټϽͰ¿ȣεںǿУżҲ࣬ûôĿ־塣
ҲӰֻǰޱȡ
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ԨЦŵͷС
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ҫһôն̨Կף
ԿףܳǵڶѨִܵǣԨĸء
ն̨ǿԿףɱΪĺŦꡣ
Ԩ˿ܿһѨڣᵽϤϢ
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ԨָͷӨӨĶѨڣָ̫λʱͻȻ⵽Ρ
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Ԩ΢ЦͷڿǷǹڵģԺһ취ֲǰǣܹԶʱǰ㣬ڼʵѡ
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ǲżڻúһ룬һǵһңҲϤһ»򣬿˷磬ʲôܡ
仰Ԩն̨Ȼʧͷżޡ
һߣͷżޣԨеţִٶ
ҪǸǣСӵ»
ɫڶ׼Ԩʵ뷨ڻˣͷ޳ˣ֡

һն̨ڻһƧ֮ðͷ
һشǿɵз籩ǰӿ籩гĨɱİڶз籩룬һ˶ĵɫǳ
ǣԡУžͲ
ȺݴĶ࣬ʮֹֻϧûȻĽڣСפҲѸΪħ֡
й۲Ԩֹһ䣬ʹధ
һͷͷľż˼ӺݵΪܰǺӣѸٽѪӳ೾İ´չȭš
ȫѹѪķסʱŵı޴



һǧپʮ ؼ
ǿŵɫǳڶз籩̲ԨΪ֮̾ǿܣһϵشӿ֡
ӿǿܣɢڻȻˮܱӡ
ԨĿ¶ɫ
ڸоϣһشз籩Ǵ磬ǿܣͣЪ
ԺУȻֳݵľĺԨ߸ĺԨڡ
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ǰڶз籩ͺԨڵΪƣɷ籩ŵࡣ
Ԩ㣬־Ȼʮ
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Ӱһ󣬾ͳǱǰЦû뵽㵹Ǿľ𡣡
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ǱеܾȣںݷĴ£ѸٵһʵôͻȻˣ̫˵Ӧöʱڲ뿪㻹кܶҪ
ұڡԨĻ壬Ǳ첲Уһ߻Ѷһ߹ͨɷħ
ˣһֱڵʱ˻Ӧ



һǧپʮ ǿսĲ
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Ԩ뿪Ժ󣬴˶ڶƿ£ڡħ󡱼ꡢؽš
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Ƭ̵κ׿ЩԸأ׵罦ĳ߳һĶ
һ̣ߵĹ֮ðͷԶɷħڡ
ɱţһɷħڣԳ棿
κ׿ɫ΢䣬żȻ⻼ˣںԶİ·񣬶ҲЩʲôǱ㿪ʼټڵ¡



һǧپʮ й
Ⱥ
ڳħڵĵ죬ԯ泯󺣣ǰԨͬηϼʱĳ
۷壬ĺ覴õһѡ
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ԯѾͷûһ·
ͷķҫԯˣ˵Цԯ
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ԯعתˣһ˫ǵ¶˼ʲô𣿡
Ϊǰ㣬ȥ̫𡣡
лξΪоϱԽԽԶԯָһͷһ̫˵񾭹̫˵ķ죬ڲ̫ͻھʱֻҪתⷽ棬ܸĻ·
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ĵЦݣͷأѾȥ·ˡ



һǧپʮ ׼ӭս
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ڿյĹУܼΣţӻͳһö칬ӡ
öε칬ӡڣһϪţֳƵ졣
УԶһӰðüĿЦţС󰡣ôˣȻϵңʲô鴦ˣ˵ˣֻҪţһȫȨ
С󰡣ŵùġˣڵ֮λġ
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ϡԶЦش
Ԩغ
ܼ˵ʱһֱ칬ӡڣ⺫Զϵı顣
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Բ˵ҪͼڲƭҡĬĬţصĴĪ״ޱȵƶݶҧ
ҾͲ˵ˡԨЦЦ
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Ϊ½ڣͨԭںݣȻҲܶ϶أͱ廥ͨϢ
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ԨǷֵɵĵǣҲ׽һ
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ѡѵ·Ϊżµ棬ܹݵǿ﷢ս
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ĳһٽ㣬¯Ȼס

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ڱԿ̵ĻУĪ״ƿصģʱû͸ģȻȫת
ĿǰļޣɻǲԶԶԪ񾳽ߣһ뿪¯궼ᱻҾȻ˲ֵɣĪ״ʱ۾ͱǿס䣬ӡ
ڵ¯ڣлеıܲסˡ
ɾڴʱ˵أһȻ뵽Ԩ



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һӵ֮׵ȻԽķֱԨС
ԨȻɫ
һʱһĨݵĻӰ
Դ֮
ħ񱴶̹˹֣ӿзֻعԨԴ֮񣬾Ȼһ֪꣬Ǳ˺ݣ
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᳤
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᳤ڴħ񱴶̹˹ûǰͱӳ೾ͻ˺ݣֱ׹
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µĻ棬Ѫ֮ԶԴģΨǿһ̶ȵ꣬пܴš
Ԩ֪ģ֮ܵ׷յģǱԴĴħ񱴶̹˹ͬԴ˵
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᳤ڵ΢Ц±¶Ĵڡ
Ī״ļһҪԵػ񣬲֪ҪõĻ̫ۡˣûԻǹͨڵ֮ڣҸ˵˶ûĵĸο
Դ֮ȻشѶ
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Ī״ظоԨڵŻ͸˵¯
¯䵽ˣԶֵȼߣҲԻ͸ԨĶԻ
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Դ֮񡣡ԨЦ
Դ֮񣡡
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ܶ˻׷׷˵Ȼκ׿ˣôǵѡû⡣
·ˡ
Ժ˵
䱵̾˵λֲڣһˣزסɷħڡ



һǧ߰ 
κ׿ѾΪ֮һҴ˿̾ںݡ
ںܶУߣƾտͬޡ
κ׿صطҲǺԶڰŽöԸԴ֮
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Դ֮񣬹ڵĬrڵߣΪܲǰǿ
κ׿ߣǡ޵Ŀǡ
ݣ³Ϻмޣɷħ֣½Ĵޣɷħ
κ׿ţƵħ󡱡
Ȼκ׿˾ںݣ䱾ԨҴҸû̫ʼ̫ѹҲԸκ׿
κ׿֮⣬ԺԶⳤ̫
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ΧڲܼԱߵģϡ裬ưھޣһ⼰ʱ׷
Сȥת󷨣
ԶԸһ䣬㵱ź󱲵棬ӶеƵ졣
ݵƵĻӶӿؼֲԶңʼֻΪڷ

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ڵȺ壬ǼʮʵĹأ
עڵЩˣָոȡԪڣΪԴ½ڵڣȻƾʧˡ
ڵĵؽ磬һ󵽲Өʯ̨ʯ̨
ÿһ£ԭڵĵؽ磬Żص𶯣³һء
оϣ·ʲôʼձѹţԽǲĵԽҪƿӨʯ̨ͱǿѹ
ӨʯͷϣһͦθӰֽЦ
ָڣ

˹ЦţƺԶҾǸʱ䣬ܹⳤӣ֣ھãҸһ棬̫Ϊ㡣
ԶڵĲܼ󣬿ǵƽȷʵŻٶȵĽⳤӣɬһЦȭֵˡ
ն̨
ԨڵԨ
Դ½ĸ䣬ԪڡڣߴڣСɣ˾ֵĹֽ
٣
ԨŽµն̨Ŀ͸Ө׵ĲʺͻâͼصװݵڣҵУӿԴԴϵ׵ע뵽κ׿Ӵࡣ
κ׿֮У̫ͷ׵񾧣Ѫʣ͸·һаħС
޴֮κ׿վڣŷ·̾ǧĸ첲񴷴ն̨
Ө׵̨ףԺݵĵ绨
ѹƣն̨ڲ磬ӻȡǿܣκ׿ĺ֮һѹ
κ׿ҵϳն̨ʱѹһ䡣
䣡
κ׿ÿÿն̨ѹģֱ¶ȥҲǧ硣
ӻع飬ڻڱٴμն̨ͷʬʱ֮һʱܡ
ž޵ն̨ѹκ׿Ѳٲ
ڽڣǧ齣񽣵ͬͺӦľϲ
ֽһڣ֮ͨоڵн齣񽣣֮Ĺϲ
Ҳһ̣ʶһ¡
ڵЩ齣񽣣Ͽɶȸߣ֮Ľ꣬Ȼͻе׽
ΪֵɺԸͬɵġ
ֵУΨĽǵһһ޽ֵɣŵӣԽڣ⡣
ΪڱսΪڳͷ
սĽڴޣһλλĴɣҲȥ𣬲ߵʬǺᣬǵ񽣺ͽռͻغݵĽڣڷөĽⳤӣԺһͬ
ôȥ貹Ľߵʧ
ڽУһ齣񽣵ȻˣеĽǵĽУ
ֵɲŲЩ
µĽǣЩ齣񽣣еĽꡢⶼ飬ҲԸ׽֮Ľꡣ
һټǱһӦԷϽȥ׷档
һڷөʱܸʢĽⳤӣҲ˳
ݣݣ
½Ǭ½ȺƫƧ֮أҲнǵĽⳤӶ
ٽڵߣдӽߵ齣񽣣϶ЩãȻ
Ϊν겻ʹ
ΪûкΪ˵Լһкͷɳ˽⣬Դ½ȥ
ѵ˵ǱߵĽ߳ˣ
һɢںݸĽߣȥѰĿռ䴫Ҫؽڿ׷ʲô



һǧ߰ ߿ս
ǸԨ
֮ʹӻڸ̻ͨᡣ
վյĿռڣһ⾵й۲Դ½ľ䡣
ڵĴؾȺ͹̱ʱϽˡ
еһ˵˵д𰸵ˡ
һ뵽ģǺڰţͬڼ½ϲ̻ᡣ
Ǻܿˡ
˿̣ʯѳֵ⾵ڵ䣬ԨӰǵѤõĽⳤӣҫ˳

񾲵ʯӳ˼⣬һ⾵һ巺ͷӡ
δߵԨչֳ֪
Ԩ֮ǰûмκھߣѹһλԪ񣬻享Զа塣
ңǰľԨƺռ
ֵ֪ɷǧ磬̫ʼֵ̫ɣ;޿ܻعݣʯһֱܳأ֪Ǻˡ
ͬڼ½ɷħ屻ڵΧסֻǰιȥһˡ
ȷܻź¡
̻ͨУ׷ľ巣ӵˣȫѺڽա
ڡ
ڻʱҪǿ󣡡
޵Źȵֻ֣ץǽڷ·ͻ࣬˵ܼҺ˵㲻ԳԨҺڻнͬһӣƼЩ£ҶһЩġ
죬һ̣Ҷˣ
ڸкˣʯ巡ӻ࣬ҲԵøΪ˷ܡ
û뵽ֻھԨܹѹκ׿ˡ
̻ĵһ巣һȻǱܻ⽣ĸף͵ˣӦö
Ȼ˶ߵЩ齣񽣣ȴС

һˡ

ĬrƾճڹڵأڷĹƳ׹Σץ죬㿼ǵ
ˣ
Ԭ溼æ⡣
Ĭr΢һͷ˵ǴӻǰҲŵ֪ģڵĺͷҲ侮ʯ
칬Ƿڵĵع죬Եع
أôģͷŽ¡
Դͷǹڵı֧֮һЩطԴͷ̵ġ
ҲţԴͷԼľжϣҲ
ԨȻն̨˲Ƶڣͷʢ½ڣֱӸΪƽأȻҲ֪ˡ
ȻĬrӿ־֮
ʶԨ̫֪ԨȻǿоս
û뵽ԨѾǿز
ԭԨԹĵҡںԥն̨ѹڣһⳤɣƱɨ˲١
û˵֪ʲôĽԨκ׿ƴͬھڴս׷𡣡ĬrɫľȻ˵
ԨָԴ꣬κ׿ԴͷȫʧȻá
κ׿Ƕְȵ
Щܣ˼ȥ࿴һĬrᳶ·ЦϺвЦ⣬ҲüȾ䡣ǹڼ㱣ºҲǡ
ϾһֱǷǹڡ
ǷǵģǵûʲôȻ˴𰸣پˣǾͿϷͳڣͺԶƿصļɣ˭Ӯʤ
Ĭrͷ׵ġ
仰˵Ҳ˵µԴͷ

ɷħ塣
뾲ôû
ӷ嶥նд˳Ÿ߾һֻ֣嶼ýӲ㣬ͻȻٳٲ֣ôͻɡ
䱺ʵЦ֮ǰƣһɨա
ҪĴޣı仯һЩϸ΢Ķ򣬾ƶڳˡ
뾲Щ޵ľţҲ֤㡣
Ĵ滳ʱҲǴ𰸣֪ԨڵĴӪκ׿شɱ䣡
κ׿ն̨ѹţ
ಣ
ֱ뾲ȥ
ڼУӰӶ컨㽫ס
ɫèһ˼⣬ڵɫͳУ뾲ǰ
С
½ھޣٽУע⵽ɷħȺɽУɷħ죬ŲΪ޴аС
һѰУɷħ۶ɣħޡ
޺˺ڴ޵ĶĤҲ˺ǵĻǡ
ɷħУĺܼɷħƬУΪĻ
ɷħΪӰ츽˼ʶǵ˼ά
ѣħ
ɷħеУɷħӽʮߵȽɷħĽףħط񼶷룬׵ɡ
ħ󡱱ţϵļУ硱ڵһ磬ƲϵڼС
꣡
еļ⣬һλھ޷පñзյЦڵףûʵɷħ飬ȷǰٷְЧ㹻ǿħΪû
ħΪҪħ
Ϊһħ˵ףǵ磬ֱʹﵽħ꣬ǵĻǣ
ϸ
⻰һƼסͻƵħһһ֡
ʵ壡
ǿȼɷħ䣬ħ׵Ҳֻ½ڵѺۣûĨɱ
ûҵڴ
ҲڴʱԨЦ
һɫΰľӨ̨سħǱ۶Ц̬Ԩվ
أ¶ڵǰ¶ںݸǿߵǰ

ʮ硱ûܽӽѪ̳ͱħ̥ۻ࣬ûڲڸʴ
Ԩ
վɷħĺ䱣׹ͺۣԱһΣͷС
Ȼû뵽ͱȻڷ״̬
Ҳ©ӵܡ
ԨȻһЦǱġѪ̳룬ȺеĹɷħС

ɷħ·һ֣ΪשߣԭСһڽڵ׳
̶̼ͷŴ˰ٱɷħȻ
٣
ǧɸߵľħɷħȺɽͣһԾ̤˳
ħ֣ɷħ۳УţڵЩͷȥ

ľħЦ
ھµߣ뾲ڣͷ类ƿһ鱻س

ͼЩ˵꣬ܿƵطɳ뵽ħеС
һͷƤҽʹд
ɷħڿǵꡣ



һǧ߰ ڽ
ˣǳħڸô
ͬڼ½šȡϵȶţͷһȺеš
ŵĻɽأзҫͳħڵޣһڹս
߶ȥܿħǱͷŵġѪ̳ҲܿһӴľħɷħɣڶڵ¾
ħֲ֣Уʮꡣ
ЩУȻм䱻κ׿صģ뾲
κ׿ΪӰͷ쵱뾲ûЧͱг˻ꡣ
Ľһһס
ΪյһֱйעսԨҲͲµӴľħӦԨ
žħڴк޼ɣǲ֪ô죬֪ҪҪڡ
ϣħںͽڡڣͬһӪ
ԶȺۣĬڶɷħʱǵ⽫ԯȵ⣬Բ˶͵Ϯ
˵ħվӺԶġ
Ȼˣ߲ɱضûѵð
ûԨΪУȰһȰԨԨɱĻ찵أŪĲճҲǺõġ
ħû˶ĴҲûκζǺαؼУ˵ˡҫȻ̧ͷźݵѾս𣿡
ڴ˿̣һҷųĻ磬ԽݵĽڴ䡣
䣡
ݴ΢ߵǱߣһһΡɽŸոԽڵĻײȥ

Ļǣǧ̫𱬿һƬƬĻƲͱΡɽײ顣
֮£ž޴ĻĢƸ֣ƱŤ
ħڣ󣡡
Ȼ氲Ϯ
Ϲַ𣿡
ߣ׷𾪵ؼУǿĻ档
ǰԶټȺۣôΪ氲Ҳ˵Ǳߵһ
˭û뵽氲Ȼعʱӭͷʹ
Ǹ벻ǣʵں֮⣬氲ؾͿʼˡ
֮಻ϱãһִգ̫ٴξ£
Ϲ֣ûꣿŭ
̤һգݴ֮ʱ氲ڰء
֮ôûܽ٣ΪϹ֣ӽ֣Խڶüѡ
Ǳߣ氲ûϵĻӦеɳ
ֵأɢ֮壬ʮС̫ЩľӲȡѵ·ۡ
ʮС̫ڽٵһ߶ʱ氲ͻȻ֡
Ǹ߶ȣɢС̫һײನ·Ĳѣ޹
Υ氲ĳԣѡʱ֣Ǳ߹ս
ĿҲﵽˡ

ʮС̫һ氲֣ڿ»ۣ˻ǡ
ڰУͣһ׹·˲ı䡣
ڵǣ˷ͻȻڷţ͸ǲۿɼĺʵĻ͵ڵء
ǰ
ٿһͣΣ𾪵˵ҿڶལ⣬ӺݵĸɳƺȫǵⳤӶ
УǱ氲أԸٶˡ͵
Ƶ죬ĺԶȿһۣüǱ
ⳤͣסˡ
ö칬ӡĲܼһƻʶɢھǽں͵Уһ߾׼ٿţһ߹۲ǵҫĿĽⳤӡ
ڵȸལ룬Ҳڻ
ϵ칬ӡĲܼ󣬽һö֪̽ӡ£ԿͷӬͷС֡
صظһ£ȵǧֲͬĽ⣬ƺ̲ŽڹɵĽ⣡
Ԩǿ󣿡ɫص
ȵһ˵
Զת䣬һ߲籦Ͳзɳ
һƬƬϼ߲籦ë֦۵Ҷͨصķ뵽ڵĹĻڹĻб֯ȫµ磬ӡĵ
ִƴĲܼͫ⣬ɡ

֮ԨڵķλȻ˸߿գϷĽⳤƽ
ն̨ڵκ׿Ȼѹţʹ˳̵ľǳƲն̨ķ
ڷȿ
ڵİգԨеָ֮˺󷽵Ľڡ
ڵһɽٸѨڣһڵĽ⣬·õ
һѨǰ⽻֯Ϊȥ
˿̣Ԩһͺȣ֯ΪĽֿ
ų
̣Գˡ
Ͼʱһĳ棬ֿüݳϲɫ̣֪㲻µġɮ濴棬ʦԨϵôã㻹ݣ͹ĬrѪԵϵ㲻µġ
ɻ߳ѨȻ̴ԧˣҲڱĶðͷ
ֹң
Ԩһ£ֹŻڡںѪ̣۹µ۹ͺ۹һЩˣҲ˳
ݣ
װڿŶŴӽ뿪ˣҲǣҲǡ
ڽеһ齣񽣣ȻԨİףڸ߿ⳤӣȻơ
ЩȻڽߵ齣񽣣Ԩһ仰˵Ľâ⿪
޵ǽ˵Ľʹӽе齣񽣶
ϿԨ£ؽڵЩɣҲ֪Ǻˡ
ǺЩ齣ԡ
ѵЩ뿪
ǶԶķԸܻ֮ɸѺģؿ뿪ûԶ
Ҫھͺˡ



һǧ߰һʮ ˲飬飡
װڲ֪ʱһٿȻȵסȫ£
ɫĽ⣬ʱƬƬҶھõԬԡҶָ硢̴ԧˣʾװڵ˳
һܱ߱ĽڴޣӶڣ¥У׷ðͷ

ڣڵϵ齣񽣣ųҫĿĹâٷ˵Ľ
б䣡
ϵĳ棬ӳճ㽣ӰӦæ˵Ԭʦ壬е齣񽣲ϣҪǿˣЩ齣񽣽ָԤ
⻰һڳĽڵȫˡ
бļڵĵӣʽ󣬶ʸȥڣԺͷ齣񽣽йͨûпܱĳһС
ߣԽӵش
н齣񽣣һλڵ˺󣬻縺Ŵڽ߽ϸ˵Ρ
˵еЩ齣񽣣ҪĻ飬ǵҵʦ
˿ֳ̣֮һˣе齣񽣣Ǻ죬ͬǴӽߵġ
еĽеĽ꣬ͽЩûı̬ͬȡ
ˣ
Ԥǣ
ԬȻɫŭָڵķ򣬺ȵԨаħ֮ɱڶޣеĽǾȻ׷ӦڣЩǵļһһԼ˭ˣ
ԬеġҶǳԽߣ쾫Ĵɡ
ڽУûеõЩ齣񽣵ûܵõһֵ齣ԶԽеЩûʲôøС
Ҷڼ褵̤ھ
ʶ褵ĻԽͼΣʳУҶ
ΪûԼ˭ǲŻӦ֮
һ̾Ϣ󣬱һλͷ׷нľߣźë̺ƺо䣬ë̺ڷ
ʦ棡
ʦ棬ôˣ
桢װڣڳĽ˳ϣˣæ
֮Զڷөش飬Լʴ
عԺ󣬶Զû¶ܶ˶Ҫˡ
ûǰ˽Ĵɣֵɺ͹ǿֿǼߵģҲ˵ľء
ߵЩǱ֮˱ģռԺ󣬽һһͻؽߡ˲飬ȴ顣ǻ֪֮˵⣬ǺԶִˡ
ǽΪ˹ȫ֣̫ࡣǻа֣֮λ̫ʼΪħȴᡣ
ֻ֪նµλһֱǲҲǵԭ˵õ˰Ϣ
ԣǴ֮ĽУ֪ӽĶڣնλףǲŷ׷Ӧ
Ԭ˵ˣǲûԼ˭
Զĳ˵
֮ⷬڳнڡ˵ȫĬˣҲԬڡ
ϣۺǰģװڼˣ벹һ䣬˵ĻԶġ
ɿװסˣûôȥ˵
ҶĻΡôˣ˵ȥҲ˵ԶɫҵЦЦµҵ·׶ˣҶܸоҵĴ޽һʲôµأ
ԶɵҲ˵ˡ
̫ʼЩ£ʱʲôƫƫ
ԶҡҡͷŽߵķ򣬸Щ齣񽣵ִʱ򰡣ǻ治ء
ˣˣ
еڶ齣вٽ⣬ԶⷬɳֱϿյĽⳤӶȥ
µĽ⣬Զʱ񽣣첢޹ϸ
ɲ֪ΪΣǾȻҲԶⷬӦ֮Ҳǵⳤӡ
һĻ棬öԶҲãȻˣŪԵɡ
ֻͨĳ棬򣬻֪Զô⡣
ǣǶԺǰҲԹʣ˵ԭˣΪݺͺԶˡ˵
ԶȻ򣬡ԭˡ

Ͽա
ԨһѣĿ⣬һδӽڷɳͷһӶֱϷĽⳤӻۣЩӡ
л⣡
·ɳĽ⣬첢޹ϸ飬ϤС
Զʱڽڳɣں͸ûĿʱһλλɳսһͬԶսȺۡ
Щž޵Ĵɣһս⣬һ־Ȼںս
ƺмλֶɱ
ɱĴɣΪԶҪƷںݵİλڵ
ң
ȥˣǵʷУǾڽһ̣ΪĽĳҲӦŽ꣬ͳǵĽΪͷ
ʵΪ˵ź
ԨһֻȻĸоԺвֳǰĴɣ֪ԼݽĻ档
ڣ񽣣ЩĽ꣬ΪǽΪȥ
ָںԶ

أβĺԶλ죬˿ѲٻӶƵ졣
꣬ϾҲֻ࣬Ǹ֮飡
򼸵ⰻȻĽ⣬ӽڷŶ۵վֹĽⳤӣԶɫͻȻü
ΪŻѪ˽ĵͳ𩣬ֵɣ̴Ц죬һλλ츳׵ߡ
Ϊۺݣ֮ϣ
ɺޣЩ޶۵Ľ꣬Թҽָڣ
ָУȴûܵõͬĸоúԶǳΪԼɡ
ѵʲô
һ𣬺Զĵģһ˿СѺۡ
Ҫû˽ģǲܼô£
һԼʱȻʱĿ⣬ǡǡִƾö칬ӡΪ֮أֵɻؼĲܼϡ
Ϊܼõʲô
һ𣬺Զֹǵģλ·ơ
䣡
ն̨죬СԺиԨֱڸ߿ա
ӿһ˿Ԩѡʱ̣ǵܻµĽⳤӣйڵĴ
ն̨һ뿪޴еκ׿籩ŭҪ衣
͵壬վ׵ĳڣҪ˺ԨԨ꣬Ϊȥڵӱ

ͷȴƾճһƵķͣ͵׹󣬲ڸݵĴء
Ϊƽصڣ·ͻȻˡ
κ׿֮࣬ȴڸҪʱֱӲѹȥ
㲻Ҫ
氲ƽĮ
Ϲ֣ң
κ׿һӳɳڸըѿռ䶼ڶ϶
Ȼڶ޷Χŵڣ绯һСء
ǱѵֻڷΧãôƽľ޿ӺͶѨ
֪ǺԶңڼ褡̴Ц죬йǿ֮ǰ͸˳ˡҪ꿴ǸԲŻšǸûˣҲûʲôҪ˼ɵˡ
氲գһŪأűеκ׿
ҵĲ֮ͬڣǱƳȥߣܷˣֻһֱԶ谭š



һǧ߰һʮһ 𽣣
氲ԺԶĲԱ
ھ֪ھû
ǻġ
ܾúܾǰھ۷壬еܼ֮ԭ˳񣬿ɾ޷һϯλ
ֻܿǿ褣̴Ц졢װСһسԽ
ģ
ѵΪһɢޣûǿӲ֧֣ûеõԶҪһδεصȥ
ܾնһϯλܽΪԪʵĹڡ
Դ֮
ΪԴ֮ٴ¶ͷĴ꣬ڵõϢúԶҲ֪ˡ
ΪԶˣ
Զ³ûʲô춯ġԴ֮šԴ֣֮ɿƵľ䣬ķ֮·ǰư͡
ǿգɱԪڵģչһ·
氲ȴɣĵԶҲ֪ģ
仰˵ǡԴ֮šΣ̫󣬺Զ񣬿ƲˡԴ֮šľ䣬ĵܱ⣡
ô氲ڰ̽ģ֪Զʲôˡ
ģ𩣬褣ǿеԪ񣬵ҪʱᱻԶɵ
κ׿֪һǶøлԴ֮ҪɽҪԴ֮ŲӣնһϮλ
㣡֮ԶУܹڽشԴ֮ġ
ļֵڡ
ɽ֮۵氲ҡҡͷ˵ڵ㣬ʵֵûôˣΪԴ֮вûˣԶҪҲһûԴ֮ҵλҲι̡
ǣԴรɡ

ʮʵɽɽ屻ţ·κ׿ѹ
޴еκ׿һ̧ͷͼɽѹǧö氲Ƶɽʶ
ĻǺλѹĸоڶԿɽ壬е

ڸ߿ա
ն̨ԨὣͿĽⳤӲţӰԵúС
ŤͷһƼǧϸ㣬ǿĺεţڽصȺ
ȺţõйȥƿڵĻڴ
Ԩ
˿̡
ںݵĸؾڶɺ;ۣ֮Ǻӣ֪жٵĿ⣬ڵϿգǵὣӰ
û˭뵽ճ¹ھΪܱƵڼ߼ġ󡱣
ǧΨԴ½ͼ½ȫ濪սʱпܿ
߼ġ󡱣ԾյĹΪͨö칬ӡŦƿأܵԪȫ
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ȷţھҪȥ𣿡氲ЦЦأ㶵κ׿û㣬һϯλûˣеҪ֡



һǧ߰һʮ 
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ߵڸԺΪֻҪع鵱ԹľٴȥλҪȵһν׵Ķࡣ
˵һκ׿Ԩ֣֮λıԴɢ׻ȡ
ԴͷЭйĬrģȡκ׿
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κ׿沿鲻סرãҲԥˡ
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κ׿һȰϽԶǷ֮أԽԶԽá
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κ׿ڣȥ̽ڵ̬ȣȥͷ󣡡
ΣҲ˰ɣ
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ϹǹúӶ£
ڵʹ죬ĺ޲óȥԴ½氲ƴһκ׿Ԩƴκ׿λѣҵĻ᣿ϹǸǰ嵱ͷڹ꣬һǼǧ꣬Ϊʲôȥ
ǵͷڹ꣬һֱڰݣԴ֮šԬ˵
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¹Ҳ˻ȥ
ֻħܲԕFһվڽ⣬Ըӵı鿴Ԩ



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ԨǾ߶أѪ඼Ҫը淨࣬Ҳ£Ժ̤ն̨졣
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ǽϣ棬پĻԺٹͼǶе龧飬ըѵըѡ
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ķǧʱ⣬©߼Դ½ںͺԶϵУˡ
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Ԩ⣬ûɱڰ㣬ھԺָʹЩߵĽɱ޹Ѿˣɺʲô
Ԩ۵ͷˣڵжˣѵҪ̣
ҪȥԶԺҲȺۣЩǿߣĸԸˡ
ԶʱѾսˡ
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½̻ͨᣬħڣڣڣںҩڣԴ½ߴڣ˥ԪڣǬ½ĸ۹
֪ʲôĴޣȨ󣬶ڵۡ
󡱵ѣһʱƷı־ƺԤʾԶͳĸ֣Ӳشˡ
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⡣
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ԨЦţʹǺӣȻܿڰգµĺԶ
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Ԩܼ£úûȥΪϣڣܼС
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ûҲΪܲԕFãˡ
ܲԕFʱѵعǾʵظпҶ֪ദˡ㡭ʱ߱ŵս



һǧ߰һʮ 
Ԩ΢ЦͲº𣿡
µĸ֣챻߸ˣһҪ˼ô
ܲԕFĿ棬Ԩֿ̾һ˵ϴμʱҲûֲڻ򾿾ʲô˵ǿ󣿡
ԨʱͻȻ֮ϣǵϤĺӰɾȵѯʣҲ⣿
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û뵽ǵǻԨȻ
ħ̴ЦأһϯλҲ̴Цȡġ
ˣԨûʲôرĺøл߶УܲԕF˵֪ԯչˣ˵ͷ
ֻҪƴҪͺԶˣǿһ档
ڲɵʱæտ¡Ԩ
ˡ
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óЩˣڿҲûˣ㾡ܷġ

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ܲԕFƮȻȥ
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ģ˵ġԶЦ

Ӵ֮ӰһգˡƵ족ҡ졣
ؼӰ˷ӿϪӣ׷뵽ˡƵ족ġƵ족ұԽԽ
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ġƵ족죬Юټһݣķ֮һҪǺͬԨ浶ǹһս
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־֮أκɽķĴأ˷죬ܾƵ족ͺԶȡ
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Ƶ족ԽڣӺݴ뵽ǿգԶһ۾Ϳվն̨֮Ԩ
ҫԲ䣬ִࡣ
û󣬿һϷȴվŸɵھߣڽŵؿ
Щ񣬺ȣƺ˼־η



һǧ߰һʮ ̽
㻹ҳ
ԨЦţָ֮Զǰ˺Ժ޸Ƽ㻹ʲôҶ
һϵڶޣĿ¶˼
ʸϵˣٶ֪һЩԶĴţ֪ĸǺ
Ҳ֪ûԴԴԶս
Щ˰ãԨʵǹ⵽ս̼Զɳݣ׶ԸһЩ
ԺԶΪԶǱƵʧȥˣŻһ塣
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Ҵ㹻֧Һ֮ս㹻ɱ㡣ԶһͻȻ˵УҸ˽⣬㲻֪Ҿʲô

Ƶ족ľ͡硱ȻǿӿţǿյܣҲǣ£˽ȥ
Ԩһ£š硱䣬Ŷǿܵϴ
ͻȻףλִƵġƵ족ԭҲ߱ն̨ĲǺΪ
𣿡
Զ侲ݣѹ˼ꡣҺʹ˷ϣ֪ĴĦŪǿܣΪķ
µն̨ڷ½ضֲ꣬û
㲻ᵱΪҺԶ˺֮󣬾һǴɣ
ݣ
֮һգ̬߸ߴھ͡硱Ŀӣ߲籦
Ƶ족ġ硱תǿܣŨˮڳʯ龧̡
Լĺ
ɰ˿̾Զƨɵ£ؾ£ã͵Ҳеʡ
ǰ֮ߵ֮ĴڶǿԣǴɱϵ̫Ԩڴޣ૵ڵںݻ⣬վһǰ൱ڴһƬ֮
ѹˡ
飬ƺȻʶ˺ԶҪԡ
⣬Ҳûʲô˵ġ
ԨȻһЦµն̨Ĳ⣬ĤܱߵǺܡ

ñźԶȥģ롰Ƶ족ǿܣ;оͱ˷򣬱Ԩն̨ǿдߡ
㿴Ƶ컹Զն̨ģݶǿܵϴǸϲն̨
ʱŤͷһԥ󣬼Ԧն̨ͺݵľ롣
һԲѸٱԶ
Զ⣬һ仰Ҳû˵͡Ƶ족βԨȥƺҲ֪˵սһͽϵĲ
ýߵĺꡣ
Զִն̨Ԩӽڵķսನ⾪ףһĸʴڣĩպƽٰȥúݵĹȻɽ
Ȼ뿴ݳѣݵĸֲشԽսڸԶȷбҪġ
ಣݣ
һһϣն̨ƵѸԶȥݺ½Զ
ҪҪȥս
ħڵ¹ش֣ѯԵܲԕF
ǲʸսܲԕFڨڨһЦʾԯ侲ˣδߣͱȥˡֵȼսǵ룬ʵ㡣
ǵģ룬ǲܵ
̫Ԩڵˣ˵仰ʱ򣬲ɿԯƺʶԨôģں˵ֻԯڴˡ
ǻĸˣܲԕFЦ
ԯ
Ҳ㻹Цóħһλֵ
Զһλѵͷ̼ɢҪˣݵľȻд
ʹֵǧʤʹ̴ЦԸǿ廹û䡣
ֵɲ£̴ЦΪû˺Զ壬ѵָ׵ļһ
ʱҪˣֻǸоˡ
ܲԕFһ̾ӹǿռѫ磬֣вԤС
ΪԨ͵ĳѫ磬Ҳ֪ԴѪ½ĻܿĽԶ
ϧ˼λ𣬺ܶ໰ҲҶ˵

ԨҪҾһս֪һӮʤֵǱʱ򣿡
Ĺ˵Ļ谵ǿգԶµġƵ족ȻֹסԺɵɫһ߶Ԩն̨һ߼ٵ˵Ż
Ļʶ⣬Ѹܱǿա
ƬΧڣ˴ħ񱴶̹˹̽ûκδڣԽĻԨĶԻ
Ҫľ
ݵ壬ͳĹ壬ЩǣҲǲͬǻȺ塣
һӮʤܰѺݵıԴΪʸľż޽ס
Ҫģʵһֱѹ̹˹Ϊ˽ǿ
Զ˸
Ԩɫ䡣
ظоһϸ΢ͷµն̨Ѫ͸
Զ˵ֻǻӣڰ̽Լĵϸ
λִȨϺ꣬ᵽ˵˿ͨһЩ˻ɺͲ²⡣
նֲ̨̫콣󡱾Ȼܹһ˼ԦԴͷؼʱ̵ĳȣĬr̬ȡ
Զƺо˲Ծ
ȷһ˵£һﰵȥ̽Ѱ
ҳࡣ



һǧ߰һʮ 
ǧ硣
ֵɵĽ٣еսʿڡ̻ߣһš
ͨġǺӶɿڡһʼʱвߣ̻ͨṺϡĺ͵贫͹
棬Ӹ;ֵ֪ɷ˴˵أûǿ߸ˡ
Ϊû뱻ƣҲûеȥսֵɡ
罯ڳԱأȺ̫ʼĹýֵ̰ε
̫ʼ˳ٳδ֣ǺӶɿڡҲ˰㣬û
֪Ǳˡ
ݵĽ࣬վ̫ԶšǺӶɿڡпֵɣյ˵û˼Ǻϵϡҵĺ䱡ǱǣںݻᱻԶԣᱻһһɱ
Ԩڵġ̫˵
Ԩ
ֹ࣬һЩڵ˳ϣҲ̫仰ȡ
Ǵ˿̾ۼǧ룬̻ὨЩ¥㳡вٱߣȻ̻Žס
ǲΪʲô̫ôԨȻΪԨܸıơ
ţǱߵӦûȥֵ̫൱򶨣ǲ̫ģܴ󣬱еĴźݵ⣬Ϊõ
㻹źǰ
ˮ֮ЦһʯĵĹ̤žڰ㳡ڵˣᳶƾǰһˣںڳʲôˣǲ̫棬Ҳֹ̫һЩ
Ȼ˶ţڡǺӶɿڡǱߣһ̻й䣬ϲĶ󣬻ʯȥ
⼸գ̻еڣ˲ϡ汦
УԨҩڵĺ棬λļʦԨԴҩ֮ǳƺΪǰ
ǲ棬ֻҪϢͺá̫һ
ϢǺǣⶼˣںǱߣɻ˸Կռ䴫ڵѣŮ峤ƺ򣬵Ǹҽǧ𣿡Ц
̫û⡣
ں̻ˣĻƿԣû취ȥ
ʵˣЩνǿߣַǧֵɣûһҽ
صˣͬûԡǺӶɿڡ̤ǧ磬Ƕֵ֪ɵĶ֣Ѱùͷ
ֹ˼ա
õġǺӶɿڡ˸ظ⼸ɣüһʱнݡ
˭ˣ
һĿ⣬ڡǺӶɿڡͿ䱻Ȼ֡
䱣
̫ɫΪ֮һһڵĹ㳡ɳԶԶšǺӶɿڡߺȣ䱣ǴӺݶǱߣʲôһ⾰
ڸڵľ󱻹ˡ֮󣬺ԶԨսȥ⡣䱼سȡ
һǧ壬߶ʱȻ
ڡǺӶɿڡϷ۾ȴŵģһλڵĴɡ
ֵɱۣû㣬硰֮䣬С໨֮ԵĴɣ׷ױɫ
Ԩ
ܰɣ
λɺϢʵԣúǲΪǧ˹

һӰǧⲿǿգȻǸС㵤˿ɫӵأǧչһ֮ɴ
ɴУŨԴͷζ
ص֮ɴڣֳһĻĻӰ񣬾ȻԨںɱǿߣɷħԻħ֮ڼԦŵ⣬˺ѡ󡱵Ļ档
ڵЩɣǧϵĸսʿں̻ˣ·ۼ֤һս
Ѫڣ૵ȻģȻģ
ߵЩ齣񽣾ȻӦ
ܼԦǵ񽣣
ǣǡ콣󣿡
Ժ콣ʱһֱûʲôֵɣҲȻۣɻ飬֮ɴڵνš
ȻͻȻþ

֮⡣
Զੲݵأ˵ľ˵սվǻĶ棬һͳ塣
ݣ
һҫ΢С֮ĽⳤӣԨնֱƵ족ϷĺԶȥ
֮ϻն
һʽ̺֮ʱԵ
ԨоԭѨϴԴͷġ֮пڽԽʣġ֮ľ
⣬ڽԴͷӡ
һû˵꣡
߲籦ĺԶһӶϤĽ⣬·ٴ졣
籦ͳȥһ㱦ڣ׵Ķʯ
谵ǿգϻնĽⳤǰͷâĶʯһ֮һ۵ر
˽еĽ⣬ȻҲʯţ޷ǰ͸

Ԩ⣬Щ֪ӺδԶռĶʯȻܵһɼʯĵ⡣

йâһͻȻһſŵĶʯѹǺ౻ݴݻٵڣȥɽ;ʯ
֪ٵɽͺ;ʯúԶ˳ȡ籦Եеıݡ
˵꣡Զȵ
Ҳ
ԨЦţµն̨״˽ƣ͸һ谭ڵķ
˸߹ң㺫Զ˵˵ҲԴ־ıʿսñ϶䣬ֻרעɱ㼴ɡ
䣡
һСĶʯն̨ײѣȻ͵ػָԭòһɽһľңǧǿնˡ
ǰ·ӵ²Զе߲籦ҫ̽ѰĹâҫն̨
ûûʬ
ԶڡƵ족ϣն̨һûϢɢݣն̨ģͷʬŪ˺δ
ܣ
ûǵʬ㾹Ȼ˲ƣܴ½ֱڣ˿̶õģͷƽĽ򣡡
Զ
ʬڻ򣬹黹˺ݵ壬ҲԭԨЦŽ͡



һǧ߰һʮ һͨ򷨣
꣡
Ԩһ
ɽ͡ʯУһ糺ⱬµĽڼ޾˺ѡ
һ΢͵С̫ԽɣȻγϯ˷ĳ񳱡
նն
ԨͺԶм䣬̫Ȼ£̫ıǧɢʧ˲׹ҹĺڰ
յĹⰵ棬ֻԨıã졣

һ糺콣⣬ںڰ鿪ͻȻˡƵ족·һĽնȥ
û뵽նĲѵزԶݡ
·ġƵ족ͷų졢ƺ͵̵ԣɲǼγطҪһʽհĽ

Ȼһ䣬һС糺ţɣһƬҫĺɫǺƵ족֡
նն
Զɫأ硰硱Ľ죬һ³
֮˲׹䵽µľġ
֮·ŻȪİֽһӺȻγһ˲
նʱգԨʶŮħ͵Ѩսʿ飬ǰͺ̵ɱ
Щսʿ꣬ʶڶǰ
㺫ԶҹĿ࿴
ԨЦţפʶ񣬶áħԼʶСأһħȥɱ顣
Ϊ䣬ȻĦڵع֮ЩȥлռƵ졣ԶԶں͹ڱ߸ûռǵĻ
˵䣬Щսʿ꣬ͱԼʶɱɾ
أ겻ԼʶԻ
ΪоԶһʽعͨʶһĺۼ
ȻúԸ
ǣ䣡
˿յڶ糺ǣѤõ⣬һ׹䣬ǸƵ컯ġ硱ըѡ
Զƺһڡ硱Ŀƾոֳ貵
ͺصĵ򣬱֯ΪЩ糺Ƕסĥ顣
ಣ
֮Ӱ£һץšƵ족һи籦İǿգɽ͡ʯ۳ǿеһƬĮ
ڡĮüͷ壬ڿʲôдʣ̫ˣھΪԻͻãþ˵ز֪ڵĻܲħҲͰˡ
ڵع֮ˣ˱òȻҲһϳѸɱɾ
ͻȻȣԨ㵱ʱΪʱڵһԱɣ
Ų£
ԨͷɷħɷħƮȻããǺŲһƬɫӿ
һɣһĻںԶͷ
ԶÿĻѹָУһƻ˿·ûڤ
߸ڣȥɷħڵĻʵ̫Ϥˡ
ٿһɣҡͷЦΪҺۣ
֮Ӱиŵ߲籦һ㣬֮
Ԩɫ΢䡣
䣡䣡
ž޴ƣ籦ɳһԶŵײ飬̤£߾ھ֮ϣƬźɱϳ͡
ײ鱩ط
ǧ羫ɣҪƬ
ӿΪɷħܵŵɪɪĩս־岻
أ
ɷħȻֽţ˲Ͳˣɷħֻӻضڡ
һʧԶѹûˣЦ˵˵յĶԶԶСӣͳֵܹɡ̴ЦŷɲֻǿƤӡ

ڵž޴ƣƲԼֵײ飬һĻĻӿ֣ҲŲ
ͻȻǰһλɷħˣڻɢʱҲơ
׽٣׽٣С
ϽԨѶԨ֪ɷħʲôĴŻɢ
׽٣
Ԩüһܵ˴ĲƽȵȻҲ
죡
ն̨ȡ֮һɫ񽣣ƣһײһ
˽ն̨ԭ
һ磬ն貽⣬׵ƺһײ飬ֱӸնΪһƬƬ
һһʬ֫
ŴĿĵ⣬Щٴȥ񣬺ըףԶæҵأ߲籦ռ
ۣƺ֪׽١´Ҫñ¼
Ļͱȥκ׿Ϊû
ϺϺҽ֪˵ĵ̲µһеǿЩڲĴޣһŬ챦ԭȫˡƵ׽١֮ԨЦų
ڵġع֮ƣӿֳײ飬ںպߵƵ
ƣЩײ飬֮ǰĳ
˵׽٣ȱӡͷ֪٣
ǰλ֮սʱʬǶûҵ
û뵽׽١ںԶˣһܱԶãʩչ׽١ľ
Զܻøɵĵ
Ԩһ֪ΪݸɵߣԻͥСصʩչչֲͬԵ
ǵĺĸԴȫǺݵ
ԣԶλԺõߣֻҪܵõǵٴͷš
Զһͨ򷨣
߲籦ڣȻС׽١ӦþͻбǿߣµܱԶս



һǧ߰һʮ 㿴

Ԩʱɷħ׽١ӻش󶦣֡׽١ԶٴٻȽ׽ϵ͵Ļɱ
ûǣ̬ǣ׽١ĺɱȷ֮֡
죡
ڴŻʧģǽɫԣſٵذܣο
ƺ̷֪ˣӦҪ˶þܻˡ
ն̨УȻܻ
һƵ죬һ籦ĺԶûԨĳŭֱΪӨ̨棬Ԩڽµǿʯ
еŨ
㲻֪¶ȥˡ
ԨȻһЦԽżӨ׵̨ϣһСȦ
ն̨ȻŴСȦ߲ʵϼ⣬Ҳ֮
ͨǿյʹǸСС߲ʹȦһĿռбԨ޽
ԶǸȦҲ뿴ԨŪʲôã뿴¶ʲô
ȥԨЦʡ
ȥδ̽졣
ԶûԥƬ̣ؽͣħĥ̽Ѱ汦֮ءаأԺݵ岻̫ƣ˵氵ǿվޣ谭Ҳı̹˹ħû顣
ǾͿϧˡ
ԨЦǺҲкĹϵϵ̩̹˽ءǰĻ൱֣졢ӳ೾ЩһȻûк˵ڻʲô
Զһڳ¡
òˣҸ㿴۰ɡ

ն̨߲ʹȦУʱ˻ĿҫǣǳϷһѨȫſռܣŲͬʱء
ЩѨԶһصľ䣬ʶԴ֮ڻ򣬱ǽǳҪȡȥԨ
кԨЦ
ģڻĿҫǣźԶԹЦͷϴμ棬ƺǺݵǽ򡣺٣ҲвˣҵѪЩͷ
Զɫһ
˵ԨᣬɫĮأЩԸسźԶ֣ȴû˵һ仰
Ԩᣡ
ȻԶϵ
֮ĽӰİ¿ȣҲϵðͷն̨ϵ߲ʹȦУźԶ֡
Զɫѿˡ
ĳأΪǼλ֣ͻȻ䷢֣ԶڻǳԨƿŵն̨ʼմ΢ϵ
Ҳ˵߲ʹȦڿļλʵܹġ
Ԩᣬλʮ۷սʿƾǿǳն̨ϵԨᷢʲô
ǣѵԸԨ
Զüͷ񲻶ϵرţڿҪҪˡ

Ԩָ߲ʹȦڣǿŻǻ򡣬٣򡣬һк㱻Ѻ⽣꣬Զˣûȥ򿪽أ
Ϊ˵򡣬ͷɫǺɫҲܲ
Ԩ˵ⷬԺźԶһε˵Ҫҹɱˡ
ô֮ڻǣ޴һ
䡱չ֣ԨԻƿж޵ƣӳ೾ȥ򸽽ͨˡ
ΪͷϣޣΪЩ֮ǣҲֻܹԹ
Ԩҿͷˬɲһˡǣһ˵ſ֣ɴҲҳ㽫ͷˡٺ٣ݵûԶֵɺ̴Цùô¡
ɱǺԶҲԸ˵
¿ͷ
Ԩ⣬ҫϵЩǿߣԺԶ¶ŨŨĶ⡣
ˣ¿Ӱ壬ֻҪǳ壬Ժ庫ԶͲкøС
ΪǺԶŴ֣úݵȥɱĸսʿ
ȴֻǿվޣֵɡ̴Цȥѹһѹ̹˹
ǻȺԺԶĳޣȻԶԶ
Ҹܼһ棬ҲҵսܲܵشԽսŲ⡣ԨЦһָŽµն̨ԺԶ˵ɵԺҲŷͻĿҫǣȻܹͨ
ն̨Կҫǡ
˻ĴȨҫǼһ£ôǺն̨ϵԺն̨ܺͿҫӡ
ݵĽڹ棬ںڲʱն̨޷Ϳҫϵ
һݣһƿȥǺӣն̨ͿҫǶʱӡ
һ̣ԨϾͿϲ
ҫǴڻն̨Ϳҫܻͨ൱Ѩ绥ͨ
򡣬ļһԴӿҫն̨ڹؼʱ̣
⡭
һִȻٽ֮ΪյԶԶһ£Ȼʹסˡ
ն̨ڣ߲ʹȦֵӰҲǼλĻ֪ڻ࣬ȻпܱԨŪ
㿴ͺˣҪ֡
氲Ӻ󷽴յأһ㶼Уһأ㵫Ҫ֣Ҿһս

һɭɭĳӣӺݵķĬrС
λݵǿߣԨͺԶսڲƵ󣬹ϵ׷˳
Ҫ⣬ȥ֤ԨͺԶսһս̫ؼǲԸ
ͬģĬrҲն̨Ϸ߲ʹȦϤԨᣬ⵽򡡣
𣿡
һĬrڵɭɭĳУ˵Դͷ
ٴγĬ



һǧ߰һʮ 
Ĭr
ԶŨĳӣйĬrʱüͺһĿԽĬrϪӣɫ
ħ񱴶̹˹뿪غݵµԴͷ¶Ӱˡ
ԭǺ͵ص׵ԴͷǴĬġ
ǵ־֮غͲκЮĽʧʶԴͷ˺֮Ĭ
ԨսܣԲѺעϡ
ֻǣΪĬrҪɳݣҪйעս

ĬrµϪӣͻȻ䣬ն̨Ϸ߲ʹȦ㣬ȻҲʼֳһĻĻ档
Ȼǧ磡
ǧ磬ڡǺӶɿڡֵɣڵļλɣ̫顢䱡ˣظ¶
˾ǣǧЩˣҲ¶˴㵵ı顣
ƺҲڽʲôǧǡ
ǧǿʹ˷ǿյԨˣ໥俴ʵʱ֪ʲô
ӰС
氲ƲƲ죬һڣš챦̤ۿһϪӣ˵ĸ磬һ֧һе˿С㣬ͽڵ
ͨСѪڸ֧໥ܿ
氲û뵽ǺӣһƳࡣ
˵ʩչͨĵ˿и֧
Ǻǣ⵹Ҳ
Ԩɫ糣˿ĬrڵϪӣͻȻȻˣǧЩˣ͸֪ںݷʲôΪݵͬˡ
ֵҲҡԶɫһ
ˡĬr˵һ䣬Ȼٲ䣬ֻܿĳϪӣ߱ռ䴫͵
ûϵֻҪܿҾСԶȻõࡣ
ն̨ȦڵԨλ۷սʿв·ֵܺ໥˲˲١
ı֣ڳ˾ˣԨҲе׼
Ϊ䣬Զֶ࣬а취Զֵɴĳϵ
ԶֵģƺֻҪֵܰû־ĵˡ
Ԩλ۷壬ںԶУ·𶼲ֵɡ
Сġ
ⰻȻ氲Զ̬ȱ仯ԽϵĴ
֪Զ˶ԸڶֵܽŪ

ǿУԶڱŵأʱҲó
ͻȻˡ
ԶĶͷȻһ㣬λ֮û򣬺ѰѪ㹻飡
Ͼأն̨ȦеԨᣬ򡣬ǼǺܷɱأʵϵϵģںδҶа취Ϣ͹ȥ
߲籦һ㶸Ȼ·ѶţһϢطɳ
ǿҹ㡣㣡
ԶֿԨᣬ΢΢һЦɵ˵ǿձ߽磬˼ֻѰ̫鷳ŷˡɼȻڻˣټǿձ߽磬׶ˡ
Զ
ң߲ͨ籦ԨڻϢ͸¶֪ͷǿվޣпܽն̨ں֮⡣

򡣬н¿籦Ĺɫ
ڴħ񱴶̹˹뿪Ĵ˷磬ݵֻɫˣһĿֲڣǶǿվ޺ԡ
Ϊᰮɱ飡
սֵɣһѪĹûرִǷɱǲɡ
µֻб̹˹ûӮʤûںûеŷӵĸ߶ȡԨһϻͰ׻Ȼһδؾʤǡ
Ժ󣡡
Ԩ˵⿴˻Ϊ˵ĻƽʮĻƽƽ֮γԺ󣬾͹һˡ
㣡㺫Զϸһ룬ֽĺݴ磬˭ɱ򡣿
۾֮ߣ
ͬڿҫǵ򡣬ظ߿Щˣ˼ͷ
ġƽ֮ѾСɣûܣӳ೾ŪԺ󣬻ûüϮɱŮʣͱԨ̥סˡ
䡱ն̨Ĵѹƣ緢򡣬һήˡ
ûȥ֤ƽ֪֮Ƿ紫˵аǿ
ʧһȻҫӳ೾ԡƽ֮Ƴ磬ǲΪҪʿŹˣ
ǣΪԨѹģ
ƽ֮ʮĻƽ񡣡
Ĭr׽滰ķԽԶʱͷƽ߳ǺӵĻ档
˴ħ񱴶̹˹⣬ͷƽ񣬺û˹˭
ڵҼġ򡣬СԼԨеĿǣ⣬û˱̹˹Ǻ򡲻κ˵ġĳأͱŪɹ˵
ɵ˵϶ҪƭҺﲫɱɣ
ǣĺǿ㲻ţȥǧ磬ֵɿһͻĻƽ֮жˡԨ˵
Ҳȥͷҡ˹ġ
ʱʱֵһһԽ֮ϣĿ־ڡ
ΪֵɵĿ־廹Ǹٹ̣ܾðֵһ
ǡ
ֺȻע⵽ⷬĬr氲кԶˣȻɫأƺ롰ƽ֮ʮĻƽķ
ǺԶóüչ·ڵĸ
ѵôǿ
Ȼ
򡣡Ҳ뿴ֵܷ֮ԨͻȻЦ



һǧ߰ٶʮ ڵѪ
ҫǵ򡣬ԨĴЦĻš
ͻȻ˲ԤС
ǳ棬һԶߣȻӿʵĹҫһר
鲼ķεΪεס
һ̣ʶ˲ڻ̩̹ⷽؾԨ
̷ģӳ೾Ϊϣͷޡ
ЩҪ񡣡
ԨһͻȻ͸ն̨ڵĹȦݵ˿ҫǣڷ

̾һ֪ܲԨطӡ
ǣͷĻƽ񣬱һطͷųʹҫĶߡ
˲ʧ
Զ븡ǧһǳһɫⶸȻ֣򡡣
ǣаصĿռܹͻĿҫӡ
֮Ǳӳ೾ڸҵصĿռʹﵽҫǣձԨ֡
һ֣Ա˷򣬱㳯ǧ
㻹桭
ҫǵһı仯ǣֻ˵Һʹ򡰡ȱһȻͱԨȥǧ磬ҪȥֵɵĽҾϲӣ
²ؼЦ
ģԨᣬȴûһ˿Ц⣬һ˵ֵɵĽӦܵסġ
ͻȻЦˣü˼Ƭ̣ս񲻾ãڳ졣ֵɵĽǳԽнڵһ޶
ҪԲ֪Ԩ
Ҳԡͬ

һˡ
Զ氲ˣһְռĿ⣬Ŵ˿̵Ԩֲʱһն̨ϵ߲ʹȦ
ǵ𺳣ΪԨǷҲ뵽˻ƽĿֲ
ԨԻƿ
塢һǰԨȻԹԷռһһȻѹƣƵֻ
Ԩôģ
ϵ̩̹ǿս˽أôԨУԨӵȨ
ԨԻףԶ氲ĸоϵ˻һ㡣
ͳƬ氲ɽĬr־֮߬а㣬һؽ飡
ɻҲãɽҲգֻǺݵĵ֮ء
ɺͻᲢۣ
һڻʲôű˿ţ
㣿
Ȼ䣬氲ֹĬrɫδ䣬ûԨĶ𾪣ƺֲˣ֪ԨԻĿѸߵ˵ز
ǣĬrɭɭϪӣӿض
ȻֵôģҲ뿴һƽ֮򡣬ûסֵɵĽôǾĿԴһǧĽΣ
ʱԨ߽תƵɭɭϪӣ΢΢һЦ˵ɷͷ㣬ؿǶԴͷ˵
һûʵ־Ϫӷ
ͬˡ
ԨȻͷؽ֮£ҲûٺԨԣĬrڵϪӡ
Զֽ䣬ֵ˵ľ֧Ҳ˵ڣǼֵɵĽܵ
ԶȨһƾֵ֮ģֵɵսƳ֮
̻ᣬħڣڣԪڣڡŻڣֻҪǳԺݵֵɵ˽Ժ󣬶ʶսһ
סĽܶѴ㺫ԶˣֻҪû͸ֵɵǱڣʲôһ
ԨĻԶأһЩϼĵȼԨһܡ
ܣʮĻƽֵܵɵǱ
ǱԿ
ֻҪܵסֵ֤ɽˣܶⶼӭж⡣
ԶĵģЩɴ޵ףҲ˶ѣ
ҲͨսֵͨɺսһԵķ

ݣ
ݼű򡻯ΪǧĻƽһɫۣҫűĽ
;ľ޴ʯսĲкǿеǺͷ籩顣
ѵ
ڶۣʱţ·ں㣬Ĵ
Ҳ֪ΪΣ˶ĽɫУʼʱԻҺ͵ǡ
أǧһؽӽеҺǶˡ
ڵѪ˽֭ˮʼڡ
Ȼ֣˷
ڣصѪɫѸᣬŻƽ֮죬Ѫ
ǿУȡǿܣᵱ
ֵɵѹλǿĿ־壬Ȼʹġƽ֮һȵ
򡣡
ƽ񣡡
һЩصأ簵ĲأŮٱԶ屴³¡أڶͷĽɫ⡣
ǿУչӴۺʱͷųܡ
ˣ
ǧԵȴɣҲȻվԥ󣬷׷ƿڣǺӡ
ΪڵĴɣȻɳ룬ıֵɳΡ
ʮĻƽôǿԺߵ
ǵսһ
ɯϸ˹νǿһնɱȣνѰֵһȥˡ
ǵļУ˴ħ񱴶̹˹⣬ЩνǿߣֵɵĶ֡
Ľڽ꣬ͷа˹ʺ˳󣬾ȻʹҪĽ
ֱ֪
ʵ߻ƽܰ˵
Ǽʡ
ҡҡͷ



һǧ߰ٶʮһ Ž
ѫ硣
һûʵϹǿռǳĴ½Ҫ塢޺
ʱʱأоżͷĿԶ
żޱѱһִѫ磬ɫĹȳԺ󶼱˳ɡ
е𣬾ħЩ˭ͷԹ
򸽽ĹǺӣ塢޳ûţһȺֱ࣬չϮɱ
ν࣬Ѫħ壬֧ħһеǻ飡
ֻҪܱ߳ûȺ֣ͽ˺Ϊ飬һһɱ
Ƿ
ƺҲǴһ̿ʼʽеĸߵǻȺʾһ޶ٵλ
֮
塢޺ޣԺͳţΧסһߵȺȺͶϣһڵȴѵʱ
ԶѫһǺӣС룬߲ʺϵѤ̨
͸Σյ۾ʱͬڳѫ⣬ʼձ־һˡ
ҲǼټࡣ
ǿʯΪеޣƬУΨһĴ塣
ǿ飬ΪʯУ¶档
Ϊ綼ޡޣȻɣɻǺܽ
롣
λ½ĺߣʱʯоܲá
ͱŻˡ
ĳһصأƮȻХһں̣ЦѾͷǱ߾ʲôǰãѪ춯ҵǸƶ˴Ҷˡ
Գ֪Ż֮ϵݷ¡
ںݵĵԷںݵ춯ȻҲӦû롣
ûʲô벻ɫؿһ۳ѫ硣
ԨںݵǷѴԴͷ֪ҿ˼Ҳ
ûô
ѾͷǵģҺͳѫֲһġֻҪͨõҪĶѣҲֻܸҡԳһۡ
Ĭ
ˣȥ컢ˡԳҲûޣǰԥһ£˵սҪˣҸоˡȵСһ㣬˼ҵڻң˶֪Եɡ
ԳӲ̫⣬ƿһ䡣
뻹ǳĬ

ѫϷڵĹɫѪâڽѶ
ԶԳ㶡
Ҳʱһֱ϶˵룬µʲôҲסˣľȻ˵˺ݵǳޱ䡣
ԳպȹЦְֹɣ͸
䣡
ڳѫɫͻȻӶȥĻ
ǣɫ컢룬ڶ;żޣҪôӳѫ磬ҪôӸǺڣ׷
ڴ˽ĺŽǡ

ȻãֵɵսһսѶš
ǿУĬrͨԴͷͨԶڳѫ룬ȵõ﹥Ϣ
ĬrǾȣû뵽λѡʱ֡
ѵڽ䱸ֵɵ֣
ҲԺݣѵúԶĳһ̣ƻĺ£뷽跨ʹֵɺ
λˡ
ĬrͨԺ򡻹ûǧǰĺԶ˵յĴѶȴˡֵ֪ɣǧ翪սʱ´
ԶȻһ
ʹ޵Ĳ壬ԶʱͳƷ
ķʱ֣֪֮ӱܲˡ
ܿ죬һͷʮĻƽ񣬼ӵʱ֮񣬾ͻһ
⵱лֵɣ̴ЦҲͷۡ
ĵصȴԼȰͲס˺룬Ⱥ
ȻŸǵؽ
Զһ˲䣬Ͳµ뷨𣺡̫żˣ
ԭһֱڷ㣡氲ȡ
λ½ԪĬr氲ĶԻסˣЩŪ״Ϊν䱸Զ
ȻݣҪŻҪѺݵıԴҪǿյ޺壬ĸƷޡ۰ǿգǻȺΪڶݵ飬һ׵磡
ԶƲ⣬ڳҰġ
ͨ򣬳Ϊڶ̩̹ѹħ񱴶̹˹ҪǳɹˣǺӵȺṹ죬ӿֲʮ޺񡣡
Զȵ
ģԸ㣬ЩȥԨɫ䣬ʹӴħ񱴶̹˹УµͼȻҵû뵽Ҳô򡣬Ҳֵɵ֡
򡣬ϾǴѪĻƽɱ˹Զ̾
Ҿ͸ڴˡԨЦ


ɫɽ򡣬һ;˳سǧ⣬ɫհŽڵ
ѵ
ɫҶ𶯣̶Ľ죬ǿշ
ءٱͱ³Ǳǿߣ·ǿݣ籩ʼѻҪǧû
򡣡
ƽ
䣬Ժ½ѦţִǺ뿴ͷûбǵµ
Ľڽ꣬Ĵ⣬ûʲôս򡣬ǰһֱӣһİ
ֱ˿̣
ͷӴĻƽƬƬƶʱλܿµļ壬ĿĽ󸲸ǡ
ǺͫӣеԼͻǣǧĽ⣬ȻҪѿһ㡣



һǧ߰ٶʮ 
һѻ̵ӰͻȻ˺һշ϶ǧ
ʱ֮
ӳ೾
ĸصأ׷״
ɫһ䣬ʱȻ
һ
Һϲ֡
ӳ೾ЦݲãɫɽԣȺһۣ˵ͷ󣬲ŵο»йأȻҸоˣȻҪ
ı߽磬ע⵽춯ȻͨĺԨڣᵽϢ
򡱾ڻͻȻ;
Բ̽󣬵֪ǱԨˣҪսһֵɽӴʱͷ¡
˵İΣΪҪò
ѹġ
һҲá
ӳ೾ЦݣɫһԵž޴ɫ۵Ļƽ˵㲻һֵɣԶ֪Լǿһֱǿǰǰڡ
˹ƽ֮ɣûٴƿĽ
ͷӳ೾ǧֵɣȻ˵ǽ֮Ҳһ˵򡣡ĺպɲڴ꣡ҶϿɵ峤۰ԺݶĻƽǷ֮
ڵ꣬ﶼҪâģ
ӳ೾ʿ
Ѫѷڵ򡣬ŤѵĽɫǧͺһ
໺
˻𣬴۷϶ڣͻȻӿǳĸڻɹ̽𣬻ʵʵĽ
һؼĽУħţǧ硣
ͣ
籡Ĥ㱻׶
ѤõĹǧĴɣЩأȴ;һһѡ
ôһӣǧķܹ㱻ݻٹ롣
սҷǺӣ
ԶںݽԨĬrڵɭɭϪӣŭسȡ
û뵽ͷƽ񣬱ӳ೾˲ˣһŷڵѪʩչѪͨͻٵǧ硣
˽Ǳ̫ʼĴ죬ڶں̻ĳԱڶ౻սʿ
һܱУӵǳĸͻ̽ܽǧ̴ѣٵ̫ʼѪ
֪˽ķŭ
һս
ӳ೾һԨǨŭЩ֮æ̧һ߲ʵϼ䡣
̴Ľ£һƬɫƺγɣʱնȻߵ䡣
ǧЩУ·ϱͬСأֹʵԵ˺ǧ硣
򡣡
Ϊ򣿡
ҵ죡ƽǱ̬
ǧǿ粼ءٱ³սʿչ¶塣
ǲûоͷƽŰʱԶԺӡ󲢲ֻĴ˵пĳɷڡ
ΪǱ߸ˡ
Ҳ޷ţͷʮƽں嫵ǺУµֻдħ񱴶̹˹
֮⣬ͷûܹĶ
ֵɣ
ԡ޾צڶƶĽɫêشҪһǺӣӴͣ
䣡
ڱѣ̫ʼ첹Կ̵УصĴ磬һצץϡá
ɫêצǧ紹䣬ֱֵɵͷ
лǧǿһͷͼɫצڱĻЯǻ御ѵϢ¡
һ̣ǳ·Ϩˣеǿ߶ס˺
ӳ೾ҹܺԨٴμȡ
ĳ·һ־޿񱩵״̬Լͺǳ⣬ѹˡ
ѪڣѪźţߴֵɺս
ƺ
ʱ򡣬ֻһɱֵɵͷ
гϢˡ
ڡǺӶɿڡֵɣǽɫêצǽɽͣϷ˺˽ڣĨ̫ʼ֯ͼ󣬻˵ͷ
·ԷϿˡ
һ̡
ֵԳ֮࣬һϮ£ηŴǧ⣬ķԭģһ˿һû
ƺõΣԸķһ㾫ȥ֮ڡ
ֵָ߾٣ס̽ĽɫêצȻָһצס
꣡꣡꣡
صĽ⣬ֵķɳ䵽޴צС

ʹŭХɽŤţҵط
ǽɫêצӲǴֵɵֵ֮࣬ɴǧ˦ǿա
޼ʵǺڣֳֵ֮ɣȻСһš
һֻצʼûֵɣȻֵɵС
ֵɿŵһֻ֣Լüġ
λĽУüʶڣ˳С
λ֮ʱǿձѻȸǻע·𶼱ĿĽ
Ҳ֪𰸡
Զ˵仰ʱȻôһţôһ㲻ȷ
ûлɹֵɵĽֵҲûʧ
βͬ
ƽ֮˹˵ģʮĻƽ
Զʱڵĺݺ⣬̹˹̫֮⣬ûܴĻƽҲС
͵ֵɣѳԽеĽȱǹǿĴɣ
սܷƵĻƽܷ֮شնɱ򡣿
˶֪𰸡
һҫĿĽ⣬·򾧿۶ɣֵеĽзɳƽµڡ
ȴֲһ
ԨȻһ
ʹǺǸоֵһⳤڣ򾧿ֻһֽ⣡
ġ콣󡱣ѪĽᾧǧ⽣
ֵɵһǻᣬƺֵ飬ȴֻһֽ⽣
򣬹Ϊһ
ϣ
һ촫һˣߺ͸֪ŤʲôʲôҲо
أ˷ǿձţ޺޷綯ܲ֡
һƽ۾ܱܿŷӳ೾򡲻֪١



һǧ߰ٶʮ 
ʲô
ãȻʧ룬ĹѰȴӳ೾Ӱ
ֵ֮ɵ֮ʧԳ̬΢΢üͣգ˼ʲô
˿ֵͷ棬ѰͷУڵڣϣвٽɫɫͺɫķ۳
ǽ⣬ǹ򡡰ƽ֮ԪҲǿڡ
۳ĳֵ֣ɵϣ˵һЧˡ
ֻǣ򡵽ʲô
ˣˣ
˶еΪֵɵһ⣬򡸹ʱҶʧȥС
ɼɸ֪᲻κζҲ졣
ʧĹ״̬һӣһԼԺ󣬾ͱˡ
ݣ
˼Ƭ̵ֵɣطʶֿտյأֺȻĿǧ磬ٴοڡǺӶɿڡǰ
ɢǧվһĩսѵˣؿ
ڱ˺ѺǿܹйƬ̫ʼչ޲Ĵأƺ͹ִٹʳڵҺ塣
һ죬Ĺѵ˴롣
ǧһƬǽ壬յķʢƱһצӣݻٴ
΢ߣʱǺսڣⱻǵǿ͸Ѫ⣬Ϊ˱ħ̫֡Ը
䱺ͽͷһȥæµһ߿ֵɡ

ǧⲿǿգվ˰ԺҲûҵӳ೾ĺۼֻεط
ͷҪĸƷˣ򡵽û
ֵҡҡͷ̹Ȼû̴ġ
ˣʡ
Ҳûֵٴҡͷ
仰һԵλɣɫʱȻ⡣
һûҲûˣ԰²
ƽ֮ûɣٹʱ䣬Ҷ˲ֵɲ˵ٻҲñԣֱʵ˵ڶ½ƽ֮
ûӳ೾ǰѲڴˡԺҾûˡ
ֵ˵ࡣ
ƽ֮ɵ򡣬ڻĶ֣һһնȥսڴˡ
ֻһĻҲֻ½
Ҫýϼִ֮ġ
ûӳ೾ѹֽ״̬Ӳؽ
ġƽ֮ɣһԲֵɵĽҲδؾƿ
ʱ򡣬Ż⡣
򡣡
ʮĻƽ񣡡
ŵĲأٱǿߣûӳ೾뿪Сͷƽӻƽ

֮⣬Ԩһɫóࡣ
ֵɵһϵȻƿĽɫۣ򡸹һĽ
ⴥ򡸹ʱǿգϪӻʲôҲ
ΪϪڵĻʧˣ
ǷӳգԾƵ̽죬ҲֵһɱΡ
Ԩãһ򡸹Ӵǣﰵעһսǻ飬жŤˣʲôо
Ҳ򡣡
֪ʲôһۺǼʱʹжû
֪᲻죬Ҳ޴Ӷܡ
ֻܱسܡ
˸оʹʱһĸĽۡ
ֵɱܻӽԵڶЧֿǰ뵽ġ
ӳ೾Ĵڣ򡵲һûмܵڶ͵
ڵһһʵ޻ȴ˫ԨһۣɸпԺиֳԨġ콣󡱣ֵǰһҡͷԵ˵˾η
ȻȻԶ૵
˿̵ɫԨĬrһأصȴͬ
ԨĬrǾֵ̾ɽĿֲû뵽ƽ֮Сɵ򡣬ҲԲֵɵĽ⡣
ǿĽֵɣȷ鴫
Զ򡻹ţشƲϣֻǸһ
ΪŶã
ֵԼҲˣʱգġƽ֮ԲҲδ½
浽죬ݴ壬˭򡣿
Ĭr
ԽأԶ˹ĬrڰȽϣĬr͵̫һ
У
ԶҡͷԴͷûѣҪĬrĿǰ̫һ߶ȡ
ĬrԨͻȻʻ
ʲôԨһ㶡
ֵɣ˭ʤĬrֱԲ䣬˵ʱ΢΢ͷ·ԴͷͨҲ֪
Ԩü
֪ļλУֻгڴӪ̫ʼȥûҲȫİһλ
ĿǰĻ̫顢̫ʼսֵɵĶ֡
δı

ĬrɭɭϪӣˮȻӿļһİϢ·һǿ͸
ĬrȻɫеĻҰɫ⣬ǧ֮ɡ
ͺݵص׵Ż֮ϵΪһֵϪӣʱ֡
ƺס
㴦Զֵɽҡκ׿ҵҺҪıԴɵԪɣȴ˺ݱԴļӳ֡
˺ݵһԴԪ˿׹ޣź÷ĺֵһս
һĬrµϪӴ



һǧ߰ٶʮ ص
ᴼ˵ưƢκġ
Դͷ־Ȼѹסʧȥ˶֧ƿȨ
Ȼ˵ˣ⽫κ׿ҵԨ氲ĸо·κ׿֮
κ׿ںԪͳλıԴƺᡣ

֧ǧϷ嵤˿ѪԻģɴĺе־Ҳǡ
ԴͷΪǿУΪصĴ֮һȻܺ˿⡣

Եһӡ
ǧⲿǿգ롰ǺӶɿڡԣֵ
ǧˣЩˣ̽˷ߣҲ
ֵ̧ͷŴᴼλãĿɫͷ
ͬ˵Ŀ롣
Ȼɫ䣬ؿӰ΢ĵ˿֮ɴ
֪ɴڣԴͷ־Ҳ֪˿Ϊͽ
˭ܴУһ֧ȡĹߣ
ںݴû̴Ц֮࣬Ҳû
̫ʼ˵ˡ
̫飬Ժнϲɫ
ȵļӴ󣡡
ĿǰǿӴҲӦõġ̫ЦЦ
꣡
λص
Һ񣬶ֻ֪ûмˣ
Ҫֵһս
İλ۷սʿ㵲ѡ
û뵽ոհ뿪λص־ؿռֵս
ֵɻһʱͬˡ
ꡭ
ն̨ϷԨ򦣬űΪһһǣĬrǿءڤϪӡ
ǱĿУ֪̫ʼרһڴ˽أλص
ƺԭԸعݣֺ֧̻ϡ
ҲΪˣʼղû̫ǰ㣬ͺ̫ʼЯ֡
̫Ҳȷ˵λ¿·ѭǰ·ӵõ
·ǺԪߣȻǴš
ոҲ֤һ㡣
Ϫӵľ룬ȻԴͷȻѹԴͷĬrƤӵ£ȡϪӵȨ
Ȼ󣬻ϪΪý˼׼ȷ
Ⱥɱκ׿᱾ԴԺȥǧսֵɣ
˲𡣡
氲š챦˺Ʋ׽һ˿̾λֶΣƺѹ˺ݵԴͷĴ֣⼸֧λΪˡ
ΪУȻһ
Ԩ͵ؿĬr
ѲϪڤϵĬrüͷ˵⣬ص֧ȷʵݶϵˡ
㾹Ȼܿ
һ仰Ƕ氲˵ġ
Ϲ֣㣿Ҳе档
Ϊ氲ֻ壬ݵ˼ֻ̬ܿ˵Ǩһˣ氲ʧȥ
˭뵽ϹǺӣƼһЩԪ񣬶޷أ
õʱܿһЩġ氲ǵ
ҪڣºһĬr˵
ŶǾȥɡԨᳶǣȻʶδĳ̶ֳܿ
Դͷʧȥ֧־ʱС

氲üһָһξѪɣųҫĹԣˡ챦ȵ
УһĻΨ氲Ļ棬ֻһ

ԶյġƵ족޷λ죬ɫȻ
ԨûκУȴʶд·ֻ޴ӸӦ
κ׿ˡ
氲ɫӵأߴӡ챦ǰƿһǿսǰأԺ׹УƱĳȡˡıԴһͱ˰ںˡ
ˣԿݣӦþˡ
м»Զ֪ǳԺݣմȾ˺Ϣ࣬氲ڷԺڡ챦ֻҪϺķѵۣܿġ
ֵɣ̴Ц죬򡣬м˪֮࣬ǿպδھѪܿ
ߴڣھޣµ壬ҪķѾѪõƼ
Ĵڡ
Ϊˣ֪⣬֧ⰵء
ǻأԭʼ֮ϣĳЩֱȺݻҪǿս޷̽
ԣԨĬrڻʲôκ׿ûܽǷǿս򣬾ͱ˽ɱĶȷǸоˡ
κ׿ˡԶȻһ̾
Ǿ仰˵ԪҪԴļӳ֣Ͼô氲ţɫȻøҲıԴ̫飬̫ʼķͬûԴļӳ֡
⣿Ԩ
Ĵڣ㽫κ׿Ƴ⣬˪֮һ١ȻϵģǼʹɡ氲ҲûڵǣصʵǧǱߣλٳûȥӦþڵһʵıԴ
̴ЦѿУ򡡢ӳ೾˻ӳ೾տռǺĿꡣǱߣִԣڳѫͬĨɱ
ǡԥԥĶпܵľǼʹɡ
κ׿Ƕһѡκ׿ȥܷͷǽκ׿֮·氲Щε˵
Ԩһ



һǧ߰ٶʮ ǿ޼
Ƿκ׿氲˺ܶ顣
ǺԪ񣬽ΪߵļλûݵıԴӳ֣Ԫɱ䣬ƺ˼ΪʹĴۡ
꼫ǿԴͷ־ܸǣȻûʤֵɡ
ҪԴԪϣٴ˵ս󣬲ȥǧӭսֵɡ
ĺߣһڳѫ磬к
һںݣ氲ϵɽһֱãȻĿꡣ
ԶϺڰտţɱκ׿Ҳס
̴Ц죬ӳ೾򡣬ҪôʥأҪôڻҲ̫֡
ȥƺҲʹ˿ڰУ򺮱ļ˪һܺõѡ
Ϊ˪ǲϵڣΪԥٳû
ֱκ׿ݣѭءǵָҪȥǷħ񱴶̹˹Ƶǿս
κ׿ɱ
氲һԨҲéٿȴ
˽֪ͼ˪ΪܣڼȱԴҲӦ˪֣
ꡭԨüߡ
ʹ仹Сǲͬģʱʧȥ˱ԴλҲֻǵھѡ氲ԨɫȻ֪ʹԴҲǱߣҲûɱֻҪõıԴֵܺɷһս
ҲУԨȵ
û£㲻̫黳氲鲻ѣȰ˵˼䣬ֵⶼҵƾղ²⣬ʵ˭Ҳ֪ڵľܿͻȥǧˣԡ
ڣһȫԸǰɣ
Զǰȷ˵ֵɡ̴Цκһ氲ͻᱻλ
̫ˣһʧȥϯλºܿͻޡ
ûʱȴҲûʱȥﱸԵԺطߣ˵е㲻ʵʡ
Ȼ˺ˣ֪·ĿǰľǶԨӮ
ֻкԶܱסѻõλܼ壬ۺ˼̻˳㿴һǷǡ
İɡ
ȻһЦԨźԶֵݳһ
һ糺ɫĽⳤȻɣڷԶ;УҺ糺ӣȻעŨѪܺͻѸٻ͸ĺ쾧
Ȼǡ콣󡱣

̬쾧ĹըѣǧСĺ쾧貵ĽС
ԨĻ־һһں쾧ĽУĽͨپ񽣽Эͬ֯Ϊ
ĻѪܺţµն̨ӿע֫ٺ

ն̨ȡǿܣϴԺ󣬻ڲСصľԪ
Ժ󣬡Ƶ족磬ԴӸǺڣȡǿ
ҴӺݴǹõġԶХ
˿˿ƵɡƵ족Ʈݶע뵽Զڣյ籦
ִ꣬Ϊ˺ݸһУŲһ֡
ԶĬr氲ڵ֫ٺڶʱ䱻ͥСصˡ
Զ
һѣĿĽУǧǧһ˶糺Ƶ족ͺԶһ֡
ǳ˺յİҽ⣬سǷǿա
꣡
ټһǿգĲ棬һ顣
ԴѪζ
Ƶ족ڣԶ߲籦𣬸ͷձñһ㡣
λȨ䣬һ·֪Ԩ࣬ԴѪĵ죬żԴζĿɫӦöŶԡ
ԴѪ
ħڵհտտ˼Ԩǻ·뽫͸ȥ

߲籦ںԶͷתʵػɫ
зɳëϼ֦и͵ᣬصĵͼתŵεëʣߵλͱ
Զ籦·˺ݵİٿȫ飬ںڶ
䣡䣡
һ쳹ŵĺ΢籦˾úԶڹͨŹȥԤŽҪһ㡣

Ѫĺ쾧飬ЩͿٵĽҲ֮ɢ
â֯ιţ˺ѿһݵ߽⡣
콣ҲŻѪĽͨصĽԨСҺԶˡ
ͷ籦ĺԶƵ콣ȴûսķڡ
Ƶ족ţԨ氲棬ʧ١
Ƶ죬ġ콣֮󣬲ûʤ׷ԼϢ֪ƮȻȥ˺δ
ǿգӰ
氲ָ߳һѪˡ챦ڣط̽һ£üͷ˵ںݣǺӣǺͻƵǿս򣬲ȻǺԶҲ֪ķλ
Ϊβս󣿡еѽ⡣
ǰ籦ɳ֮ĿϾӣ֤˺ݵ֮·ǿߵĵ
ڶصĺԶ콣󡱶Ƶˣƺ
սȥԶδػܣƫƫˡ
벻ͨ
Ϊȷֵ̫࣬ȡ氲ָָĬrĬrʵ뷨Ҳ̫ʼڸ·ϡУȻ֣˵Ͼȥܴ˵ء
Ԩᣬλʮսʿս
ԣȴûʲôˡ
ĬĬ˺Զ氲µԶĳԶȥΪԨ̫ãƴ˽׶ʱЩǿΧס
浽ʱ߶߲ˡ
ǿս򡣡
ԨĻѪն̨ϣԺźԶӰͼն̨ܷ񽫺Զҳ
ϧҲ



һǧ߰ٶʮ Ҿƽ
享ԶȻδս󣬱ҴҶȥ
һߣε˵Ȼˡ
λħڵææسԺ󣬱ҪЯֺԶԨ鷳ġ
ȴ氲ţսҲǣսҲǣպ氲һΪ͡
ϾǺԶӪһԱԶ뿪Ȼʴˡ
оǡһʶԨս
δߵԨ񽣡ն̨ɷħѾ߱ͺԶһսʸ
ڵĸκ׿֮µ룬˵Щͨ߶ԨĶ֡
ͨߣɿЦ
ڸԼĶλͨͨߣʱﲻ̴Ц졢ֵɡԶǸ
Ҳ˵ԨҪȫԸĻӦǿնɱġ
ͺʧˡ
ҽεһӡ
ԦڤĬrΪԶ뿪ˣȻҲûȤٿȥಡһԶ˴˵ء
ܺԴ繵ͨ
ڣҶƵĳԡԴ֮ȻعԨǵ磬صꡣҪԿʯԴ磬ܷԴ˽лͨ
ĬrﴫѶ
ΰȻʧˣԴ绹дڵļֵͨԴ磬ȥ˽ԨΪ׼
ĬrһֱûԴ̽ڤʧʱڴһƻ
ΨԨܸ֪Ļ
ʧܡ
ԨһصߣĬrѶںݵĵصżµĵ֮Уһ긽᳤ϡ᳤ػĶܼף᳤ͨӴԴꡣ
ת˲䣬ڤĬrݸɱȻһ
ڤͣס
Ĭrعͷźݴķ񲻶ϵ˸
룬ֽΪ磬ͨڤԴͷϢµʵ
Ҳʱ¶Դ̽ع鵽ݴ磬취Դ֮ǵꡣ
ʲôҲûͣ˼úƮȻԶȥ
ĬrȻԼĴ㡣
ԨݣЩ
ֵֻǷǧ磬ûǷڵأ²ɿˡɱͱĬrԺԨ룬˵ŭɱ¾
һ
û˹ǵԨ̤ն̨طݣڡ̫Ԩڡںͺڵھ񾳴¾һ顣
û˺ԶҲûֵɺ̴Ц죬뿪ˣ˭ܵڵԨ
ҵͻһκ׿
ԯͷչչˡԨһȡ
һӷˣһ氲Ԩûж˵ʲôͷһִնȥ
ںݵĳħڣǳ⡣氲ѡ
ȥӰ΢ƺͻȻʲôһ䣺Ϲ룬ҺǸж
ؿ氲䲻ȵ
Դ֮һ᳤꣬ڣ᳤ͨԽ֮𡣡Ԩһ顣
氲Ȼ˵
˵˭Ԩ
Զ£ԴΣ͸ñ֤ݵĸң氲Ķţڶռͷܳ͸ö£
ġԨҡͷ᳤ֻҪͷֻҪֵɾͽȥԶûޡ
ѵʲô߼氲
꣬򡣬ôһϣԨ°ͣ˵򡰤ֵһȻһ¶ûеϡôҵҲ뿴ֵɵս
ȥֵɣ֪򡴦ʲôزûкɱ᳤Ŀܡ
Ȼ꣬ΪԴ֮ǻҪԨŵ˵ҷⶼӭж⡣
֮氲ֹͨһ˱ֵ


ǰ
ȵӰһα֮ϵ˿Щ˶ʱ
ܲԕF¹ԯվһĹǰŹʱ˼æΪλá
ʱһգżҪԸˣŻϡ
أ̫ԨһλСʵ
ԥÿһڹĴ£˵ԨδֳܷʤбҪԺ뿪ˡ
˷׷׻Ȼ
ûгô¹Ȼ
ս࣬ƴɱ󣬿»ܾˡû˵Զѣû˵Զ˿ãֻǵ֮ǧ罫һսغδľơ
˭ֵɣ
䣬˭ʤ
ҲյϢ˵ҲĽ˰
ֵɵ޵֮˸ٹ̣ЩǺӵĴޣΪǱҲֵܺ
ԨδߣսϣܺͺƽƽɬһЦ̾ôȷţҲһˣܺаģ
⻰һҺȻĬˡ
ڣҲĴգҪسħھޡλҲ賤ˣΪЩ壬ûκιݵĿԡ
ݣ
һҵĻǣ͸˺ݽڣֱħ׹ȥ
氲Ľ顣
Ҳ̫ʼͼııԴλնɱһС
ԨȻܺͺǰһս¹૵
ܲԕFпҶš
֮ϵˣԽԯȻСҺƺĳħŮӣһӱҫ۶Ŀˡ
УŮԵߣļ֮ɫ
ԯѾͷ⣬ݣԼȥɡ¹
Ԩսߵ˵ز享Զʤ˭ԯԨĴ̣
Ӵ֮󣬺ûҲٵʲôˡ



һǧ߰ٶʮ ̫ʼ
ħƿصǿء
һϽۣθߴ򡣬̬֮ڱѩУ˿ϣȴȻнת
΢СĽ⣬εţ·ƻļ塣
ֵɣ
ֿ״شЦ
ͻȻֳɫɽƬƬ죬ֵɾȻɱң
䣡¡
磬ǰǼħԶšԨڡڱӳ೾Ļ֮һ
һ޾ıϣӳ೾ڱڣڿ˼ʲô
ۿչ¶ƽ壬ҡͷβҫΪɫӳ೾Ц
û򡡣
һսѪԱֵɸֵµĿ־ӡǣ·ֵɵһˡ
򡰲ȻԺС˿ڣֵɵĽ⡣
ڸǵ潣⣬ýͣʱʱشʹһ£ø˺ĸо
ֵ֮ǿġ
ƽ֮ɣʹû߲һѹҲֵɣ໺
ңԶźܶħĲ壬һڵġǺӶɿڡʺӳ೾
Ҫĥ
ӳ೾ͷӲӣ˵ʵڻġܵԨСӣбƣԲ˵ء
һ˵Ԩҫ򡣬ͻȻɥ

ֻͷǣݺͷɫΪϺĿߣŵӳ೾Աߣ߲棬ѵͰѲھһΪԪ廹г·𣿡
ʱĵ˸ࡣӳ೾Ҳеգ֪Ԩû취Ҫο򡣬żȻ޳꣬Ľлˡ
򡰦̾Ϣ֪ҽֵɣĻ
ٹһΣһٲ˵ڶΣӳ೾ȡ
ǿɲһŶ
̫ʼЦǺӷڴˣӳ೾˵һĻӦûܻĲǾãǻܳΪݵİȰǾͱˡ
Ӧǧ磬ӳ೾ü
ǲˡ
̫ʼȻӳ೾򡰤ţǱ˵ƽ֮Բʵнݾġ
ȻԵ棿
档
̫ʼȡһƾУ־͵ݸ򡣬ڶǿսɼ֮ڣǺµͺڽ𡣡
ĸڣһ
һ֣ĵֿ̫ʼĺӣһֵթ
زȥӳ೾߲棿ңҸоˣ
ѾҪ̫ʼͨĵ쳣֪̫ʼеڣԶŻƽĲ
ͷ̩̹
ҵˣӳ೾ҲͻȻˡ
Զʱڵͷƽںݳ֮ǰҲѧ̩̹йŪһرصء
£ӳ೾ʵ֪ģɾλȴ
ΪͬΪ֮һƵãҲǳϲռ챦
λ峤һ֪λãͱϴ˲رһֱ˵
ػԺΪ˰ѸٳɳҲѰ峤صأûܹҵ
ڣȻҵ峤Ĳر֮أܹٴɱ֮õָ򡡣
̫ʼҪʲô
Ҫȥ
̫ʼӲУЦ˵أҲѲԨƿأעҪġ
е򡣬ǿģ̫ʼ仰ࡣ
峤ڵѣһˣƾ񣬻ܷ첻ɣ̫ʼЦָӳ೾˵ȻôӦܿһֻᳬԽһ
һԶʱλܶв
Ĳǡ
̫ʼЦӳ೾ĿԶȥ


ĺۼڴ˷ء
ԨڿҫǣüԨᡢ˵һ᳤꣬ϣȥ˺ݵĵ硣
ɫ糣޹ء
Ӱİ¿ȻɫʲôȻꣿ˵ǷĲ֪
ݣ֮Դꡣͺȡ
֣ѾʽŽˣǼλʲô뷨𣿡Ԩʵ
սܵõʲôɴʵ
ǿԲȥһ£ҪնռԴѪ½ԺǺأûǻĿռ䣿ԨЦһЩβؾҪɱǿվޣ塢޵ȫ֣ȡȺ
أߵ
ң
һߣٴɱ䣬ܱɵڶ̩̹Ĵͨģ֪Ժ󣬿ܱҪ¡ЩȻǾȺʱ̩̹û䣬ЩҶˣһ·ô𣿡
ȻҲǡԨڵλá
Ҫʱ俼ǡ̬
û⡣
Ԩͷʾ⺮ѩܣ޺ڣն̨
Щ䶨Ԩڣû߲Ҷܡ
ʲô
ûпܣǵѪɱ䣬ʹǽΪʮԨش
һ߽¿ȣ𣬲ŵؿ˹
ͷ޸Ѫڡ



һǧ߰ٶʮ Ӱ
޵Ѫƺһش޵̬ܳɱ䡣
籩ܡ޺ڣȫھż۷壬ǾǵʮԶﲻĲΡ
ݵһȺ̬ᱻһ֣ȺܱΪ塣
һλˣܹҫȺһ󱲣Ǵ󿪡
Ӷú壬ЩǻȺһ
ޣȴ·һ㡣
ǲݵһһӦǧͶϡ
ܼ򵥣˵Ѫɱ䣬ҵǽʮķ
޸ͿܲˣֻҪ޿һϣǱ֮ͣ㾡Уοﱾ͹档
ԨҲֶΣܹñܡȾżٽһܴͳȺľ档
һưȺĵ·Ȼ˳
ôͻȻҪˣﾪ
еˡ
ԨһЦ󣬺ȻһΪǾתԴϢվն̨Ϸżͷ޽Զȥ
ڿҫǣ˵ͷ˵³ȥһˡ
Ҫȥδѯʡ
ԨǺǡЦţȴûи𰸣߱䵽ҫһѨͻȻûӰ
صģ֪ʲôӰİ¿ѹˣɹ
ǵԴ֮ĳһ̣Ȼǰٴνūۡ
޵ʮ֮·ѵɹü
ĿԴɡӦ

ԨվһƬŻԭ
ͫ΢С˸Ƭ̣Ӧͺڰ
ҵ
Ԩе֮ڰգƮȻϷ
һ󣬾ڰڷ
˽һֱ˹ڰ
԰Ϥ
ҲΪĴڣԨڰܲӰ죬ڰʱ˷չţӦ
һЩ½أԼսĺۼ
˲ٰصޣһЩǵˣսʿ·ʧȥϣ㣬Ѱ뿪·
ˣ¡Ҳˡ
ǰػİ򣬻ħ̴Ц֡
ǻ˵˪֮˪ǵİ򽣣ɱͷƽҲǵİ
ԭЩޣоǼ԰ŵĺڰͼ򣬺ǵѪʼԶˡ
ǸеΣպİǷ׷Ǩơ
Ҫ֣͹ǵΥ̹˹ּ⡣оǰ¡̰ĺԴ󣬺ȺԨ
ƯһӺ
ݣ
֮ڵһıɽ
װ磬ǺðʯͷɽֻһŲرۡ
ôˣ
䣡¡¡
һıΨв۵Ȼ
ڹ⻬ɽ棬һſŰ㸡֣һƬǺͼ
ˡ
˿ԨԺȥ
Ԩе
˪֮֮ͬ͡ڣ֮Ľܸ֪꣬Խڵһ񽣡
ֵɵǰѳ⡣
ϤһԸ֪˪֮ȻܰԨҵ˪
ġԨ΢Ц

ɽǺУ߳һὣӰӰʼãɺܿΪʵʡ
˪Ŀϲɫҽڶڰ򽣣Ƿʲô
ȻԨǰһûнɴסԨ֣ȺųԣһΣն𣿡
̫˽Ԩˡ
ԨԸҪæԨڴˣȻԹһǵʲôΣա
š
С֣Ԩûһ΢Цڲ֪£ѱܹһ١Һ氲̸֪һѣҪȫĵط
ȫĵطô˪
ݲȫȥɡԨҪԶУ㶺̫á
˵˵
˪קţӽµıػԵú˳ӡ
ݣݣ
һƾĽ⣬ЩıڣӴصٽǳڣҷҫĿǹɳ뵽塣
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ԶˣҲ֪ȥ˺δ氲˵ĳǿս򡣡
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ڵĸڶߵκ׿ƺ̫⡣
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һԼĽ𣬲棬Ҳ
ʺϼµĽȴʺϳΪһ죬ȻߵЩ齣񽣣Ͽ죬ֵɡ
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˪𽣣⻮һƬǺӣļ⣬ȺҷХɱңܽλˣҾӦò̫ࡣԶ̴ЦˣҲ¡
⻰͸˺ǿġ
ԨĬȻӦƬǺת켣ʶڵѪܣƺǺӽңЩԺ
Ȼһŷļͷ类
ǣ֪ǰļˣڽдԶĹǿȥȼˡ
λ𡣡Ԩ

˪ü΢ɫ࣬ҺûڣҲûʲôҪɱ
氲²⣬ҪıԴѪĻҪһɼİ氲ˣڳѫޣƺҪ㡣Ԩ͡
ޣһδޣ



һǧ߰ٶʮ 
ڼ˪üĿ䣬мš
˷ؽ籾ͿẮ⻰ʳԺԨоɭ䣬ɫЦӲˡ
ֻɱҡԨæ͡
ܻڣҺ⡣ûϵȻҲ˪һһһƬǹ⺣γɣΪθҶ֣
վֵɺͺԶļսֻǿ
ԺԶ˵սվǻĶ棬ҲǺݵ塣Ԩ˵˵ԵļˣҪͼıԴѪҪһλߵҵޡ
ƺҲԸ
ɺݵıλ˿˪Уֻѡɱܰ޷
ΪˣﲻϧﺫԶֵɣҲվں档
Ϊһɱ޵ѪͻʮõͻȻһء
ξݵ壿
оǣԨҲȷڣû˭λ
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Ϊ˱Щźעڼ˪ϣԾͻȥ
Ԩ׵磬˪ֻҪڻκδ֣ᱻԨӦ
пҫǴڣն̨ܵһʱԮ
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ԨһͷȻһ磬һͷûޣŽӴһ£ܷͨǳ
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ŶУ
Ԩһ˵ѩܵǹԴѪ½ϢҸоͻƵʮȫµı򣡡
ԴѪ˪˼ƺͻƲʮҴû˭˵ɱ䵽ʮġ
ҵ˿ڻⷽĳԡԨȻ
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ԨڨЦôˣ
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ԣ˭ʱɶ˵֪
أҺݺҲûʲôҵСã

ӲͷƤ졣
˪ֻЦЦؿҲ廰ϣƺӵΪȤأӲ̸۸Ǹ棬ڵķҪɰĶࡣ

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ԶɬָѰɽ氲˵еЩ齣񽣣ǼĽǡŻڡڡѪ̵ЩˣڽԺ󣬾ʹӽ뿪ˡ
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ԶжΪѣһ˵ϣˡҰ첻½տģʼƶУҲ֪׼ȷλáֻܴӦ㣬Ѻڽˣ֮ǡ
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һѾǽڣԪڡ˵ˣԶԨսûʤ
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ӰŮԣ
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޺ڵǿǣһºݵĻʯ˿̾С
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һ߲ʺ⣬һƬƬзɳһǧܿ͵½ء
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Ԩûڣ˵ȥͨʱָʹȥսֵɣܷģҼʱϵֵɶ࿳ò͵ƽ֮Ҫһء
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ҪŪôһҶĲˡӳ೾һ˵ֻʣһԴ֮ҿҲڲʲôˡ̹˹ȥԨԨȥͲˣͼıԴꣿ
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Ԩ˵ڵһѪâ֮мʮѪâһ㣬̽˱ܵؿڣġ
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ѰźѪɱصĲ֡



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ԨѪ⾧̽ܵѪڣȫƽ⣬֪еܡ
ÿһ⾧ԨĻļʮʶͷ紩ں֯ĺ󣬶һĻĻ۽и
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̽ͻȻͿЩԭеܣһ絽ЩѪ
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ܻڱĴزʹ˻ڵͳǰ֮ǰǲҽԼԨ
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ҲֻǱܡ



һǧ߰ʮ һǸ
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ɫʱһλҹӤڵ׼ʽΪǸӤϴӣ񵻸档
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ˣҹ˲ΪĩȺҲʧȥһʧȥһʦ㡣
˪Ϊһɹط񣬻˳˾巵ϣ

ǽڵȷԵֵɵĽȷʵµһ֪ģԶʤֵɣԶҲûϣ𣡡
Ԩʣ̷ɽ㣿ʱﰵ㣬ʱҰͳı׿˵Ѫɫ顣
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̷ɽһЦһͷʹʺѪҾƣɫȪˮĺǺ
ȴûϴӣҲû½ǲãǱǺеؤܡ
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ɯİŮӣҲⱲػĶ󣬵ȴֵɸһնɱɯΪ;ȡλȴ˼˪
ܽܣ
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ɯȻûɫʣУޣʧȥȤ
ҹҹҹϸû뵽Լͼ˪ԲŻ

Ԩһ̷֪̾ɽ˵ʲôûá
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˪仰ʶȤƮȻ뿪ƺҲڴ˵أ̷ֻɽģԹںԨ
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Թ鱧ԹɲΥԴͷֻðһ¹ڵ£ٽĿռ䴫ȥ

򣬿ҫǡ
ն̨һѨɳԨûԨӰӣԻն̨ϣ֪ȥ˱ĵطȻڻ
˿ֻ̣м˪ڰضţݺһˣ΢΢˵ͷ
˪֮ʹɣ
ݺҲڴˣ֮ɫԵòȻˡ
ɯֵɸɱҪΪıһϯλǳɾ˼˪
ңλĴɣͨǳ¡
δҲ˪Ĵڶ
Ҵȥ޲ס
Ԩ֣ʾ˪ݺ˵Һ̷ҴӦ飬ҲӦ̷ԷģʦµġһͷС޲ףЯȺǾ£Ҵǹȥ
޲ףңƺ˵ġݺ⣬ɫȴǳƽǸǰ׼𣿡
ǰ˪ü΢壬СѾͷƬǹġ
˵ϣ
ġԨ
ݺʱңɱ޲ްɣʲôȼʦ˵ʱڴ˯ûȥ
һͷСǿվޣԨһۣҲ֪ʲôУɱǻһӣ㿴ܷõĺøУܷѱѡ
ɱ˰ɡݺƲ졣
ԨҪȰ˵˪˳ǣ֪ߵغСѾͷ񾳵Ϊ߲һ񣬻ɱǿվޣ
ݴ𣿡ݺӲ
㱾ںδͻȻˣҪڴˣôϣԨʵ
϶ںݰҲڣ̻ᡣݺȻ˵ûͻƵھڵǿҾúѹ֣±޷Ӧ
ھޣڻ򶼴ƣο
ִ￪ҫԺǲǿܵƬ̳֣ͻת̫˳ˡ
֪֪֮ǿȲѪڻֻӼѡ
Ҳɵ˪
ǣʦ˵Ҫǳ֮񣬽·ľͷվŵݺ
ʦܻƭˡ˪Цҡͷ˵һ㣬һ˶巵츳ߣԭǳߣϧڵ̲㣬Զܺǽȡ
˵ɵ̣ݺһˣҲĻ
ΪȷʵȲڣ۷սϣ˫˺üΡ



һǧ߰ʮ 
ݣҹɫī
꣡
һ½ĿռУ˾ηĵãͻܼѺۡ
ϢİܣɫĻӿ֣Ȼ֡
ৣৣৣ
ߵһһѤõĿռУӲͬռзɳҲ
ɫŵ¡¡ţ²岻
ǧѪɫëһƬƬشɳǾ޴ȣЩռһһ
ѵĿռ϶Ѹٵˡ
кĿռУЩѷҲûٴι
һ̽һ־棬˵һƣ
˭
ܱߵҵأһˡʥͼʻŨѪʡ
֮𪣬ܽղȺ󱲣û洿ȥ򣬴˿̶ۼ
ƺܲǿһĻ
˭
ĻչȴʲôҲо
̻ͨᣬħڣٽħȵȼ½ɺ֪ٵĿҲһɻ
˭
ؼ䣬˭˹Ҷ֣
ңȻѤĿռУ
ڻάںݵĵĬrӳ೾ԨԴ֮Ǳħ񱴶̹˹ƻԨ
ʱǺӣ˭ʩչ˿ֲĿռУ
տռҴﵽ˾磬Ϥʹ߻˭
һֺȻ˵ͷԺ
ʱ֮ӳ೾
ޱʹԶʱͨڡڡħ߸
ӳ೾Դ֮š޳˵Ժݿռ䷨Ϥ;ͨĿǰǿΨһǸﵽߡ
ˣȻӳ೾ˣ
壬Ҫ𣿡
Ҫ֪ӳ೾ˣһʼʹȱڵ䣬Ҳӳ೾ں˺ѿռ϶ն˿ֲĿռУ
ﰵ֪˶ߣʱ֮ӳ೾

ڡ
һյĹڲ򡰾󡱱ƣھ䵽Ĳܼ󣬺Ȼͷغʹ
ʹʱ۽ǺͶѪֹģޱȡ
ܿ죬ҲסˣֻӣڱʯϷ
üƤ˺ѳԵ˿ڣ·һΪµ־üģֱ뵽ꡣ
꣬˿뵽Լ񣬷ɢΪһ߮ھö칬ӡС
һɭɭϢռʶû񣬻ѰӰ
С󣡡
ϴæŵذĲܼ󣬸ϽһöУȵüģ
ܼһ
ͣ
ͭĵڣһ磬Ȼڵġ硱
Чϼȵ
Ժʹܼ󲻸ԥͽһöͭĵҩüĴ

һġ硱ӵʶȥرܹ񣬽Щɱ
ֵǣӵɳġ硱û˺ʶϢ
κ󣬲ܼڲͷʹѣɭڱεҲؼա
ɢ˾ö칬ӡ꣬Ҳٴλ۵ʶ
ɫ԰׵Ĳܼһеϣһ˵ԷҪѰڵкۼĻصǺصĲ֡

һ£ܼ˵ڵ·
ԶĻ˹ںɣΪгһ񣬽ȥӴص׵Դꡣ
ڵߣʶĻȻܸоġ
ţҲµˡͷƺ֡
ܼɫ
Ҳ뵽ܻ죬һö裬뿪ǰܸ֪ҷλģҲֻѶһˣ˶֪ͬע㣬һˣȡ㡣Ͻ͵
ܼԾ˭
ϸһ룬ʶϢûһϤУȥ־֮أϢͺۼڡѡ
ܼȻһ𣬡ôң
Ϊܿ˺ԨսΪ̴Ц챻֮סΪȥΪֵɷ
һЦſ־֮صķ˵ڸĻУҵܡоǣƺҲǿУҪϤڵ֪֪ˡ
ڣѵҪԸܼȻ
˵ڸһ֧ΪˡĬrţǺӣƺΪб֧ͬѡϴ
Ǹӡܼͷ۲ѡ

̻ͨᡣ
ʯ;巡ΡӵңһΪߣǽΪ֮һӳ೾ΪҲûڶܷѡ

ҸУػҫͷλ̻ľ뢴Ϊ棬֪˭ǿп̽
Ҫ߾ͻȻһ
ɫˣǰغ˺ߡ
ʯ֪ڣʧˣ˵С翭
ಣ
ٴԱȻعݵԨ䶨Ժ󣬶ҵļ˵һҪݺı뿪ڻҵ޲ף뿴ݺûиõ޲׵
գĿ˾巵ϡ
һ˿޲ףӡǳеģһͷǿվޣ
ԨЦͷ
ˡԼǲһ䣬ڵĶ˿̻Ľ⣬ǲЩʲôԶԹûгƺΪס
Ǳȷʱ£˴βˣӦûٴαơԨԴǳϿңҴӦݺҲӦ̷㸸ײ¡
ǲٶ˵
ݺȷ̻ᣬΪо巵ϵǽĺܺáһ˦ʯһȥ
Ҫ֣ʯѯʡ
ûа



һǧ߰ʮ 
ʯУԨ֪ܿǰҹܵռϮ
Ӧò壬Ҳӳ೾
Ԩһ£ҡͷ˵Ǻʦ֣Ұȥ˱ĵطæµӦóںݡǱ߸ûʱ䣬Ҳÿռ
⻰һʯ;巵ˣֵĿ⿴
ӳ೾ʱ֮նԴԺͷͨռʱصԸˣ
ʯ˲֪ڻʲôҲֵɵսָʹ߾ǰԨ
ȻڻƼһ֪Ԩָӳ೾ȥ俪ռͨҲΪֵģͷʱ֮
ʦҪǶ֣һѯҵԲ̫ܡ
ԨȷŴºӳ೾޹أǱü⣬û˭֣ĻߣҪôûǸҪôûǸ
Ժиֵļˣںݣڻ򣬻󲿷Ԩƺʯ˵
ʣһԴ᳤ֻܼ֮ڣڵ֮С
ǵ꣬ҪǸںðͷѰ·
ӳ೾ǿɾˣ벻ˡʯѡ
Ȳ˵һе˿ĹС㣬ûںݳ֣ԨѯʵͰʱӦ˰æտһ¡
˻غݣһǽݺıߣоעעⵤ˿
Ͼ˿ǱأҲ֪Ҫʲô
еģ֪ġ˴£æ˵ڴ˵ҪȥκӴĿռ䴫󣬴̻ܲʱ򣬹ڵȵˣԽˡ
üͷһ壬ôʶ𣿡
ȷʵʶԨͷ
ǡ
΢΢ɫϽ˵ǺǼս͹ڱǸѾͷԼҲԸߣǾͷˡҪǲԾĻȥһ˹ڣ
ͬڼ½ռҴﵽھΣȥҲһ
ȻԽҲԼӦģǾû¡
Ԩڰ֣ʱȥԤĻ·ĺ¡
׼ٵȵȿ궯ˣȿ־֮·Դͷ쳣￴ʲô
ݺҸˣ
κܿͷˣЩԺݺЦ˵ߣԶʱȽ׶εߣΪҪôҪô˯
СѾͷոձһѣǷֿģ緢ʲô
Ŷ
ָð˴ԴҲͭǮ
ͭǮʮָ˽ָͭǮЦϵܣǸˣҾ֪ûˣ
ͭǮԣ̻֣ǽܺҲͨε֪ԨˣǸһ
ҸǣҼ̻ͨᣬǸӣʯ᳤ӣ
ͭǮµ
ݺڻ״̬ʲôһֿǸȼľ΢΢ͷˣһЦ
֪巺ʦĹϵҲ֪̻ͨᣬΪ̻ǿ䡣
ھˣԨЦͭǮ
ǰǰ۲Ϲ˵̻ͻƵھġͭǮɫһ˵ԭҲΪڵһԱЩļһҲϤУҵ·ˣȥڵ
̻أһֱƴֽ֣鱦ҴҸ˵ķչ
ͭǮʵʵ˵
޷ܿͻƵھͺáԨ΢Ц
ɲԶඣ
˵ʱͭǮˣָԨ֣ǽܺ󣬻з˵ǶǵðɣȺǱѡһȷ·ҲϧؽƵ¥ѣһ£
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̻Щ߲㣬ŪĵЩΣֲö˵ʲô
ΪԨڡ
Ԩʱһ⡣
ؾڱ̷ɽݼңأǴ⣬Ǻܴ֮ġͭǮ̾һĵ˵ľ̫ˣûԶƳȥǰĴץˣҲս
Ȱںݣһʱ䣬Ҫżȥġҿȥûһ̫ƽĵطǺ׵
노սҪһֱںݣڱ̷ɽǱߣûʲô˸Ҷ
ݼǹĬrĺˣԨһļڣڵ˿϶ԶָĬrԸ򡣬Ҳݼ֡
ںǰȫһȥˣ˵ˡ
Ҳá
Ԩ˵ͷҲΪͭǮû⡣
ѾͷԨȥɣȻ޲ף㣬ӦûġĽ˵򣬶Ժݵܲƣ˵أû˴̫Σա
ʵҲվڻڴҲй̽뷨ûʵʩ
ΪڻʱͷħûвԶİ׽ޣ֮
սᱻ֪ðȻ벻׵ǵ뿪
Ŷ
أݺ˹˸ҵأ
һҴ˹ȥԨһ㾡ܷĵ
ðɡ
ٵȼա

պ
־֮䣬ޫhǧٺͳֱڣ̻֧Ԯ˵ǺڤʧȥӦ
ˣ
ԨϲЦŵ˵ͷ󣬾ʹڵѨڽն̨
ն̨ˡۡ氲ǰ̽־֮صı仯
Ԩһʶ壬Ȼڿ־֮صϿգ翴ƻ棬·Ũĵؽҫ
еĻ֪£Ρ
ϤĿ־֮أ˿һ΢磬ÿһɽ͹һӲ̽졣
ʶ壬ϵ͸˼͹ϢϢصڤӡ
ף



һǧ߰ʮ о
־֮صĵ£ϪӣвδĹźˮʶε
ЩǻۣܹڤӴˣͻ־֮ء
ǽΪĹĵ͵Ƚ£ҲǰڣͨͱĹɱ׳Ϊع顢Ĺһسɳȥ
˿̣ڤеĹƱҫǹ⣬ҫļ
Щҫŵǹ⣬Ԩʶĸ֪̽£ԭһεѪ
ǵ˿Ѫ
δ˿ȴ֪λСѪڤӡ
עٴμкÿһε˿Ѫڲ΢СѪ֯ţһŵһɾĻ
Ȼ
꽫Ļܣע뵽˿ѪУһڤӡ
ޫhǧٺͳͶӦǵڤʧȥ˾ϵû취Դͷͨ
ƺʱжԴͷӼߡ
ԶǿյĬrͬս룬ҲѺϵϡ
룡
̻ͨԨ뵽һԼ˵ʲô
룬ȻѪΪߵġԣʵԸԴͷǾĬȻڸƶ·񡣡
ʯԴǽ۲Ԩ沿飬˵ǲ˵ܻһϯλܳΪǵǲִߣͣһﰵаġ
Ҳ£ںܾúܾǰԴͷﰵؾĬ
ʯ˵󣬾ͻȻһ֪ǲ
ԨҲ뵽ԭ򣬾赤˿٣ҲƳһֱǽͷݣһڰʹ
һ¡ǰõõϢ˵ڵĲܼںԶ뿪شʯԥ£˵㣬ǵȷţԲֵܼģص׵
õܼԺڣԶڵǺصĲ֣
ʱӡ巺η׷׿ڣҲ˵ĬrλߣʵûΣ¡
Դͷ˽£һЭ飬ͺԶй
أ
Զһ뿪ݣһԨսʱ룬ܼ֡
˶ԴͷƺԹʡ
ٿ
Ԩʶ壬ڿ־֮صĸ߿գ͸š
ܿע⵽һɫƣɴ㽫ˡ
ʹҲֻƼ˿Ӱ
˿ɫɴ£ƺվĴԣʲô
ԨظӦţӦŴɫڣɢݳʲôϢ
ܿ죬ᵽֻءתϴ꣬޳ǵζ
ⲿֱԴͷִƵ壬Ӱʵĵ˿ϣȻҲ֣
˿ڸĶѨԣֻõЩ޿ܱʹⲿֺĵĻ
Ȼǵ˿ģһģ
һ⻮ʶԨ۾΢ϲµһ¡
ûڲĻطûڵĴȥԪ
ݴ˵ԼһµԴԪ
ⲿƺͺݵԴͷй֮ͨпܾ̫꣬һЩڵʽкֻתأ׹͹Ƴط
ΪһĬrĬrõʱҲ˹ڵ
ⲿֹڵ̫м¼ڲᣬͬ
ڲĹڸˣҲǿʢһʱţΪԴͷõ˻Ի͡
⵮꣬ԹڵطΪȤҲȽ츳
ػκ׿ıԴȥλʱƺҪԿ̸ĵ
һָĺֻءתأϴĵԴͷУ˹Ҫֱ
ֱܾȥ
Ӧýʤ
Ԩпһ䣬ҲŹıԴͷʦڵ½֪ȴһȻݣԴͷҪִƵ귨һݡ
˭
ʯ˾С
꣬˵˿ڣ˿̾ڿ־֮·վԴͷǰԨ
꣡һһէأԨ˵ģ£ܲȺͨҪԴͷ͹ڿսǰ˵һҲ׼
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ûĬrѹţûҵĹϵָʹڶˡԨ̾һץеն̨˵ȥˡ
ಣ
һ̣ն̨ڿ־֮ذճ֣ǰѪʴܣû̫Ӱ졣
ҲûȫȥϷն̨վš
Ƭ̺ޫhǧλµĹԭأһһطա
˿ˣ˵ϵ㡣ޫhɫӵ
ǧֵԨǱʲôغͿ־֮طֵˣΪǰһ˿ȻʹǺڤʧȥ˸ӦѾͷʲô
ûвκˡ
ص׵λûָʹڶ֣Ԩ
λڿ־֮صľޫhָҩİͽܡ
ǧٺͳλҲЯս֮ǰϵ
˿̺ȻЩģԴͷ꽻ս᲻ᵼޫhǧٺͳ;µ
Ĭr룬ûпܱ߲
еʱǶֻǺ͹˹ͨҲֻ˵ġ̬ͷŽ£˵ܸоҲ֪Ĵڣɺûʲôϵ
˼ǶĬrģԴͷ
֪ˡ
ݣ
Ԩɳֱ־֮·ȥıȻն̨ϣںλ˵Ż
ն̨ڿ־֮أ
ԨԨˣ
Ȼֻˣ
ն̨ľ֣˸ǿߣĿΪ֮ۡ
Ǽ½ȻԴ½Ǭ½ʸԨˣߵĹע
ѵҪ͹ڿսˣ



һǧ߰ʮһ 
Ǻ½أѤõʥԡ
УͷšһʶצĴһ㣬ںˮ
ײһصģΪ֪ġԴ֮š
ȵʥأڵſռ䲨ĺˮڣͨԴԨйͨ
ͻȻɢڴ˵ˣƬ̵ʧ
Щ˵ʶ·ôһ粻͸ʴ
еᣬҲ¶㵵ɫҲоԺجһƬ

һλǷӣͫΪ߲ɫͻȻصؽ½ء
ŵЦݣƽºͣôĬأЩȺˡ
峤
ά峤
ȣػȻеӯ
ǰӣλʧٶ꣬ںݵά峤
㶣ɽͷġУά϶άӳ೾һʱ֮ӳ೾
Դ֮ڻº󣬱鲼ǺӵġԴ֮š౻ӳ೾ҵһһݻٵͬʱӳ೾ҲԴ֮šĿռա
ĿǰʣôһԴ֮šͲѤõʥڡ
֪һ죬ʱ֮ԴаĬ׼ӳ೾Ͷ
ǰάȻӳ೾
ȻάòάѪϢǲά
һ壬ʳľѪͱǷΪˣ
άüͷ۾·йƻĵҡҡͷԸɱɡ
⻰һ˵Уͱˣ˶ĵ
ಣಣ
ʮѪﵽ˼λżĳϣʱѪʥǣռ磬ʹɱ֡
ʥһ㣬ǰЩռ衣
߮ԴһʶҴҵعͨͷ飬ҪѰ֧ԮҪҵ𰸡
ǹĬr
ЩȵˣѳٵĻþУ㲻Ʋþ
أҪԴ磡
һ괫Ժ
˭ŲԴ֮񡣡
ĬrЩȣûϵȻܹһ˲䣬ͶϤαװ֪õ޵Ļ
ټеʯȵˣάĻع顣
ȻţҲҲΪӳ೾
ĬrȻԴ磬αشأ·ݵһλˣԴһ̽ǡЦ
ǻԲĺżֹ⡣
ںݵĵصõάĬrԺάļ䣬ҵȵʥء
ҲµˣڴʥڱȻСԴ֮šأԾ
¶ˣ˳ԺȴͶԴ֮ᣬѤõʥУ˲Դ֮
ĬrͻȻео˺Ϥ֪ӵ
Ĭrûż룬ͫе߲ʹ⻪ΪҰףûά󣬽Լģ¶
جΡ
³ĸ֣ڵģеȣ˲ĳֿµУʵʧȥϵ
ĬrƮŵѤõĺǰͷźˮڣġԴ֮šһӰ
ֻǣȴԿݣΪԷ껹ԴС
˭
Ĭrѯʱԡڤͨһûйļ䡣
оҲʶ

Ĭrüͷһ壬ط֣ԴͷҲϵ
ΪʲôƣҲǱɱ˻֮ӦǱûκεĻӦ

Ĭr΢䣬Щ׼ʲô
ڵһλ½ȥ˺ݣλҪԴͷУõһЩλԴеЦ˵
꣡
ںʱԻϪ͸ͽκΣ˿һ˵ĻĬr֪˭ˡ
̫ѵ־֮أҪװ֪غݾȼݣȥ̫һսǺǣҲ룬ʹһ֪Ҳżغݵġ
ΪֻҪٻ룬ûиȷǲᶯġ
أ
Цʡ
㻹֪̫Դ棬ȻţĬr
ǻŰɣֻǻһַʽԴһа񣬲оҲЦ˼Ժ˵ҪԶҪ綼뿴Ԩ֮ŵıѡ
ĬrҾ㣬Ҳ´Ρ
Ǿ´ΰɡ
Ĭrʧ

־֮ء
Ԩ׹׾ٵ͸ڤӣһɫƣһ·ŵ˵صס
ĵ˿˿ڵͫȼɫħ
оϣ˿类ħĴħˡ
˿һЦڵɫħΪʢƲĵ

һϪӣӸ۵һ̶̶д̶꣬е㡰֮ᡣ
Դͷ
̶ǣԨҪУ̶ϴɵ
һͷ̶Ŀơ
һ̣͵ػָѣȻǵ˿֣ץ顣
ż
ᴼƵشӵ˿ûпԨͣס񣬶̶˵㵱ʲô֪ˡѵ˵ʲô飬ȰҰֲɣ
תͷһ˫ɫħӿͫ͸鶯ĵ硣
Ԩ͵ЦһԱ֪ڣƾʲôõħ񱴶̹˹κ֧𣿡
ΪΣԨȻ
ħ־̶
Ϊ̹˹ҵĸѽ
Ԩգգۡ



һǧ߰ʮ û
ħǱ̹˹Ů
ԨĻ弱𵴣ȻԵĵ˿ͫȼյɫħ
ѹ֣
嵤˿λ꣬ڸоϾ°ĴħһѪϣͬɫӿȼա
һλħǴħ񱴶̹˹Ůôڵ
ͻȻ䣬Ԩ뵽ǧ磬ڲأļ˽ھеĻΪڵһ¡
һȱڣʵ̫ȱˣִڼƫԶǿգӴҲߡ
ͱƵֻ֦ƵȥΪڵһӣҲΪ󾢵еħ
ȻڵĻ󲿷ֺ͵һأ̹˹ûڲƭܵõɴڣǵõ˱̹˹ָ
Ǳ̹˹ָţԪϵڵлʯԱ̹˹ħȻû⡣
꣬ûصĻȻΪӱ̹˹ˡ
˵ʵûʲô
Ϊ׻̵
ȤģǺڲɵģҲͬĻǾͶ˹ڵ
б̹˹ĸװæȥĸԺ󣬾̹˹ĵ㲦ȻܻȫµĹʡ
ǣǺУǿаռ֧
̹˹ԭʼӡǣԭͳԺݣϣҲкݵӡǡ
溡طĵħһ㣬ҸΪϴ⣬ݵıԴ
Ǳ̹˹ŮǱ̫ʼ˵ºݼƻջ󣬱̹˹ȻԸͷԸٳںĽˡ
˵Լʦã
Ԩ񣬻ڿ־֮Ͽյı壬ͬͷ
ħôˣ
ЦһŴԴͷ̶ͫڵɫ𽥽ûߺⷽĴأҵĹ磬ҲҸ׵Ĺ硣Ժ뿪ˣŸҹˣҪͼıص׵Ķ
أǸӵĶûʲô𡣡
һ㣡ȻħҲѪ壬ӡһȻŪ룬Ū͵ħĽ壬ȻҲԴڡ
ôȵҸף
곰ŪЦ
ϣն̨ϵԨȻ֪˾Ժ󣬺ȻúֵɵսлʤĿܡ
ΪǱ̹˹ŮħϵĲ
ν࣡
ݣ
һСĹħķŶڿ־֮ذͣ¡
ܼҲֻһˣûκڵĴ㡣
ܼ󣡡
¶棬ʱɫƣ䱸
ĲܼԨһͬڿ־֮ĥ£ڴ˷ذзֲڤҪڤͳ־֮أڤΪ
ϧܼܣڵıҲһ
Ժ죬Ҳ֤ԶŪ㱻ԶָʹſӺѪ̡
ǹڵԶ֮һĵħطҲԶļɢħһҲϢϢء
ԴͷڰʵͺͺԶйᡣ
ֻǱߵĹֻȫǺԶıŷ⡣
Ҳˡ
ܼûն̨ž룬ЦŶԨ˵û˼Ҿ
ͷſ־֮أ⽥Ũ뿴صµǶԨ֮䣬ǲҪʲô
ܼھ쳣ټն̨ĳ֣֪ε·
κڵԱڴ˷ᱻԨҵĻɢ
֪ܼ󲻻ᣬԵܼھʱԥˡ
Ҵ̻ǱѾ֪ˡ
ԨһͷԼ࣬뿴ĻǾͿɡֻ㲻ȥڿ־֮г֡
Ҳҡܼɬ
µصڿ־֮ڵڶ֣ɲڣĵ̣ö趼ס
ѹһЩ뿪ڵµ̶ԣȻȻأԨҪ󣬡񣬶ıʵظ̫𾴺⣬Ϊ䡣
ԣҪôһ̬ҪôϷտţڴֻ׸ˡ
ץ꣬һ˦ɫɴǳ
һɫħʢɴƣ־Žײ

Ԩ񣬷·ڴ·𿴵šڤӣϴۻɵĹ̡
峺Ļ̶ħаǱ֮ء
Уֻأ꣬ΪȵȺ֪ʶ
ܿ죬ʹɫɴ
֮ǰһɫӰӵ˿üƮӯ̶
һʯǧˣԴͷ̶Ȼըǧ硣
֯űڶԿġǿӡڲصľ£ĻϢʼ̶־
ԨĸоϣǵӰѾڰԴͷˡ
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Ԩع鱾Ժ־֮΢дﵽĹεĹԿ־֮أӴڤӣܵĴʹ
ȻҲ⡣
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ֻü˵֣ͱһɾ޴ֱӳصף˲ϵģںκһ磬˲ƻڤӡ
ޫhǧ٣˵ͬһ˶Ӧڤӡ
ڿ־֮ɽģĹĻҲǱ߬ס˺䵽صס
ǹȻĹȻ
ӸͣЩ־֮ضڵĹ·𱻵ص׵ԴͷȡȲ˺ս
ۣۣ
лŨĹ绯ţק̶Уȥֵ־ʴ͸
Ȼ̼ҷ
Ļڴʱ̣кڻңɼ



һǧ߰ʮ ޵У
սڿ־֮ء
ںݵģֻҪǳԿ־֮صĻ׷׸ܵ˲ɿصǣ
εأȫһʱ־֮أκڵء
ż־֮ء
ʵİ磬֪ܵʲôӰ죬˲䱻ɫĻڱΡ
ɫӰ˲תΪҹ
ǣǰռĹ쳡ûڸ˵ݣﶼҹĻǱС
۹ķɲ֪ʲôֻ˼ҵƺȻѣеĹعǺмϵս
Щڿ־֮׳Ĺ˼䣬ŨĹѰʮʬǵսռսʿꡣ
ҲвĹǰļڣػŶ
п־֮صĺۼӡɼ
Ҫʱ򣬲Ը⻹ǲԸ⣬ûּۻ۵ʸ񣬾ͱȥսˡ
˿̣ЩɢںݸĻһһ˳ȥ
̫ΪͻƵߣƼ춯֪Ȼǿ־֮˾ޱ䡣
µĻﲻ˷
䣡
Ԩն̨͵һ
ŵģվһö칬ӡڵĲܼ󣬱ǱӶѷɳȥ
Ȼסֽ˻
֮
ܼ󾪺һͼһġ֮ڰ룬ڹʯϣǰߡ
Ǻǣ˵
Ԩζһ¼ǻѨڣҲɳˡ֮
ʱġ֮һſӲӵ΢С磬ոͲܼˣǱڵġ֮ţҲ־֮ء
ڿ־֮صġܹ֮ڹؼʱ̣Դͷա
ҲܻԴͷк۾
־֮ͨѹҵڣȻϮԺһԤ׶ûܼɫ̫ÿʱֽöͭĵȡġ
硱ǵɼҲƳƲԾ¡֮ٴãǰ
ǰʲôãڶûˣҲˡ
ԨЦЦ֮һһ糺콣⣬Щδľڵġ֮顣
ġ֮Ϊ׵ķĩɳ־֮ء
Ȼ˲Ϊ·ɫɴϡ
һһڤ̾Ļ
ޫhǧٺͳ飬ЩȽײ͵Ĺ飬Щǣ׳ڤš
ʧȥɣ־֣ȥ˿һεѪ
ȷе˵ǳ˿ѪУĻ
Դͷ̶һ̣ߵսͱˣΪ˶Կ꣬뼯ܼе
˻⣬ڵ졢Ԭ溵ˣҲȫ֪־
ȥκͨȥص磬߲ʺ
һ£ЩڵߣƺƵرκͼͨصף߲ʺĵħȺ
䣡
ͻȻһ׹ԵĻٲ㣬ӿ־֮Ĭrɽ֮۳
˻ܹڣĻ֮ݣкݹ־뢴õģ
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ܹںݸ߿ճֵһ̣ǿߵ𶯡
ЩоǵĴںۼĳһξҲӡܹ˰ӡˡ
ӳ˺ݡ
ֱԨʶһڽ⣬ǿ֣ܺĬr빵ͨܶλֱ´֧ȫҶȡڲܱѹţֻǺУλѶ
ĬrֻҪûյѶϢͲغݣһս
ʹµˣ֪ҺսλҲװ֪ǰǣܹû͸ڡ
㣬ҪĬrأѹӣ
겻˵
ϷԨû̫ԥѡ
Բסˡ
ն̨˲ھ֮ϣɫ̨涸ȻŴһƯھ֮ϵ½ء

Ǹӿ־֮سģΪ֮̾𺳵Ļܹײն̨ʱһصס
ͣ
ն̨ʱֻءתϴأиۻܣֱӳն̨͸
Ǻǡ
ԨЦţն̨ڲ磬ǲ¾Сͬ
նֱ̨Ӿûʴһ
ʱͬˣ磬һѾˡҲŵԣ׹ǳɹرҵ֮֮ƺһֱڰ̽ҡ
У֮Ȼڹؼʱ̣Ϊã
ԭһʼͲ⣬һʼңضʱͱһ
ϧұǿĹ̫ˣ쵽ûԤϵ𣿡
Ԩ䣬Ҳ֪ΪΣҾҳļ䣬ӿֳҶĹ۸нò̫ˡ
ƺǰҲ̫ϲ㡣
仰ԺԨִն̨뿪ǵ˥ߵĻʼϵػӽ
ݣݣ
糺콣ⳤӣЯšնĽ⣬ǵԡ
ܹѣ
Ŀ⣬һλԨϣھ֮ϣӽնϴ־Ļ
޵С



һǧ߰ʮ ħ
Ԩն
ں͹ڣԨһ⣬ս׾ѣ
ûм֪ڵصд꣬ǰ˵˿ڣʹ̶лս
ֻǣԨܵǱغݣҵ־֮Ը
ΪҪԸԴͷ
ٹע־֮ߣж˴󣬻ΪƾԨĬrĹϵں͹Զ˺
˭õողźͺԶһսƵĺԶԨѸٻӳ˵ڶ
ȻԨڻӽ
ȹڴޣκĵ֮ͨسʱȫоǵԨһնϡ
ΪУǷΪĴڣ˿̾ԵЩ
Ԩڵ׷ʲô裡
ţĬr벻ںʱԨҲ̫ˡ

һǱ䵽߲ʺڶħХţΧźϵһӰ
Ӱ޵ľ綾Ϫӻ۶ɣȻħᡣ
ᣡ
ͼ߲ʺṩʱ˰ڵģٵħȺȻ͵ؾС
ǲڴˡ
ħ̬סرţȻҲɫħꡣ
ӼԴڴ˵ĵħݵĵħй޺ԴͷǵĹ޺ԴͷͲ
Ļ鶯ŤЩڴ˵ĵħ
ħ͹͸÷ֿˡǵ뿪Ժ󣬹ƻǣΪշħߣΪǵ顣
ǡ
ֻռȵͳǣǼΪЧԡ
仰Ժ󣬴˷ĵħʼɱЩϢĻ֮صս
Ǽ
˿̳˵ħ˵ᣬ졢Ԭ溣мڵھϣƬ˵ǼȻǹĬrˣôҾͷǻȥչΧɱˡ
֪Լʲô𣿡ȡ
֪
ͷֻ˻֣ʾǿ뿪ͷ˵ħǵħеӡǣǵĴںۼڸĵ֮һֱԻǣֱȱĺӻǴϵ
һȻ

Ǻܿͷ֣Щɱصĵħħɫҫ
·ʲôصĴڣΪйʸĵħǵĹʷڸʵࡣ
ħΪħͳԺݣ
ڴħ񱴶̹˹뿪ԺԴͷ귨˵ħĵ࣬ǵħ
ħĺۼħӡǵħвǱ˺ݵĵħ
ʵĴǣ
˭˭ΪǴ֪ʶ
ԬȻɫ𾪵˵ԨûнΪԪǰﲻΣ˭
һͻȻҲӦ˿ڣ˭
صرɣĬr˵ϣٸһҸ档һսûǿȥ־֮صĻֻڻҡ

߲ͷ׵ĺ棬ͻȻֳһĻĻ棬顢Ĺֲεһ̶ڲϵػɢ
ըһ
Щˣ̶ڶĻ棬ȻĬ
ȥɣĬrӹִƵȨͲںݣȡ׳Լ͸ñɾĵ
Ĭr

ԬһǱ仰ס˵ʲô
ѵ
ͷ͵ҪߵյһУҪĬrС
𾪹󣬽ƽǶЩħֿ˿ԭ·أϷȥ
Ĵߴٺ졢Ԭ溵˵˻ɡ
ȴһʻ֣
ˣ
Ԭɫظоǵֿ־ģĬr
Ĭr·֪ôһ죬ܵǱߴȥʱǵū־
ûĬrսúĻ㣬ηس־֮أ̤·
Ĭrǻ쵰Ȼû֪ͨһŭ
Ҳ֪ûյκεѶϢֻǣĬrΪʲô˴ķ磿૵
飬ޫhǧ٣
ն̨ϵԨǸնԺͻȻͷϣʵĹΡ
ʹγʯ
ʯĬrƺڳ顢ޫhǧĻڣһԴ

һЩ׷Ĭrǰ׹ʱƴӵģɳΪĹĹҲʵĹ֡
ʹθֵĻҵʶûǣûʧȥƣûкη̶ҲûΪڻҡ
ЩͷʵĹЩججͻȻ֪ȥδˡ
ǲ֪ļڤӵһ֣Ѻ
ǹĬrģ
ۿһĻѺɢٻɢڿ־֮أһʹ·ðܼҲƳ쳣ɾ˵λˣѵԤϵ˻ôһ죿

ޫhڤӵ컨ϰգ³Ԩվ
ʵĹ֣ոڵüһưصͷˡ
һͷĬrҪ˵ԨĻ
Ҫʯ뿪Ժ󣬰к͵᳤֮ͨо빵ͨĲ᳤Ϊ᳤Ƿ˴ڡ
ϵ᳤ڵǶ
ޫhĬr˵Ԩ
Ԩˡ
֪Դ֮һ᳤꣬壬ȻҪԴ֮ͨȥԴ֮ʲô
ҪĬrʯѵҪʯԴ磬ʵ껥ͨ
ȻĬrǵִµģҪƻԴͷĹо



һǧ߰ʮ 
ĬrĹ֮·ͣȻǸжġ
ɵʶк᳤ڵԴ֮ϣʯʱǺӱܿˡ
ͽȥĿԾֻѡӱܡ
ޫhϴ壬Щһֱӻڣ
ϴӹĻܿٻ
ֹƻģþϮ޵츳ͨĬrԲ͸˲١
ҲΨԲܹȥԿЩ²ȥ
Ĭrˣ
ǡ
ʹλŻĳ顢ǧ٣Ҳл㱵صޫhԣҲޫhЩݡ
λţܲԴͷĹо˲ˡ
ǷȻصغԨｻȻҪĬrʯʲô
ڵ˵Ͳںݣһֱ
ޫhǷĲܼɫ˵ֻΪ޿ΪͺǵֻϢϢأ˶º󣬽ƻݵĻƽ⣬û취ֻܺںݼ档

𺳣ǴӲ룬Ҳû˺˵ⷽء
ЩΪԴͷȻ
ںͺص̶мȡԼ
ܼ΢΢һͻȻ뵽̫Ȼһ¡
̫ϵص׵ԴߣûвվҪ
Ҫʲôͼıʲôܼ֪
̫ΪԴĴˣ֪ص࣬Ҳ֪ҪʲôȻ֪վһҪ
ֻǣʱŰأвԸ塣
ֹ֮ڵλԪһֱ˪ʱ֮ѹƣĬrλħʼ
ȷôˡ
ԨҲȻпһΪһֳļӿ֣ܵ˵㶫
屻Ʒ֮ǴֳŵڵĬrػԴģҲʵʩˡ
֪Ĭr챳վŵս
ʵʩ£⵽˺ԶļҷԣΪʱλ̫٣ҪڵλҪһǱ߽ںԪڵԪҲҪ䡣
ȵȻͬ⡣
ȻڱԶʱƺδṩκΰ
ѡԹۡ
ĲϲΪְСΪδĸԸغڽˡ
ڽ˵ģһֱֻĴˡĬr
ħѳˡ
̾һոմԬõϢ˵֮صᣬǱ˭˵ˣУЩ־֮صĻ׷ױħ裬һ
ħܼȻ
֪ħħԨĹһħݣǳɹ߷˺ݵĵħȺ
Ǳ̹˹Ůͳ
ںݵĵħûбȾǰԭǴħԪħһԱ
Ԫħ峤ʼնǱ̹˹̹˹ǵľ֧
һսҪˡ
ٴԨԺЦţ˵ĬrһϲСλԶ䣬壬һĬĬ˺׼ûЩûǿûͶ룬Կҡ
Ϊ֪һй壬ȴһ֪

һشŨɫܣӿǲɫɴ͸һڤӣȼ˵˿Ѫ
貵Ѫ˲ΪһſˮǣҫڤӺɫɴ
ڶ˲ɷɻҡ
Ҹ־֮ص죬ʱҪúݵ˺ʹ֪ħʵԨ
ԨһɫȻһ䣬æ˻Ӧã

ն̨ȻŴǰ㽫־֣֮кǿߵ֪ҲͶ䲻־֮ء
һȫ·Ũɫħӿħħ֣
ݴʹܽڵһλսҲܽԨķĿ
ɿ½ܲˣһλħȥϮִƺֻȨ
ȻħǺݱ֣Ȼࡣ
ǲ֪飬ֻħԺʴܻἯ־֮ء
ٹ̵Ľǲħعݱ顣
Ҳˣ
㶣ͷִҶն̨Ϸ½صն̨ѹס˿־֮ء
Ϊǣ͸ն̨·ս
ǲض࿴ˣٱҷصס
Ԩ̧ͷŽڣ⵽֮ϣҲڶ޹עս
Ĭrǵ޴εأȥ־Ⱦն̨Ĵں͸޷ǵĻǽūۡǵĬr˰ɣȻ˰ţΪ롣
Ŵˣȡ
ͬʱ
ն̨ڱ˿־֮أ
־֮ʧˣ
ʲôҲʲôҲоˣ

˶ھУ̻ͨᣬħڣħںԪڣЩͨ̽ߣܵ˸ĴͻȻɵˡ
˲֪ĴڣֻԨһ֮Ҫ־֮ػ죡
Ĭrֿ
ĬrĹ֮λڿ־֮أĬr͵
ԨΪʲôҪĬr뿪ȥĬrִƵĿ־֮Ƶĵص־Ӹ۹ͽڣټĹ͹ս
벻ͨ



һǧ߰ʮ ħع飡
⣬ҫ
λεĿռУѩ㣬ڲƶеĹ֮ǡ
ͷڹ֮ǵĸ߿գġڣɳ˺ĿռС
ͣ
ܱ֮ߵգе֧飬ȺǺµĹâ͸ѵͶ䵽֮ǡ
һĿռУڻֺ׳Ĺ֮ǣҶţһ㣬ӡǽںʯĹ
鲼ǳظУЯռϢĹŤģͻ
ͬʱӦ̴ЦشЦԹŮ벻̴ЦҲɣ
壡
ᣡ
Ϳ˼ĳմӹ֮ͷġ۾Ѹɡ
һֻǻ֮۾
ڹ֮ǵĿռУڵֻ۾类˸
ǿ㾡ڶرĹ󣬺ֹͣת

貶ĿĹ֮ǣȻһ
һīӹ֮ǳɹطɳ
īɫһգʱΪ̴Ц죬һͷڷɢⴹ䵽ӵ£ĺڰһ
洦ɼĿռѷ죬ֿŸЦеᣬҡͷ˵㡣
ҡ
ֻǻ۵۾̴Ц˵һ֣ħ㵲ѣȻЦŵͷ
ඣ
̴Цһռ϶
ᱻĹâţҲһռ϶ʧӶ뿪ˡ
»ָתĹҫٴα鲼ÿһ΢УѵҲڿϡ
ǳĹâһҫڹ֮ǣ·ʲôҲû
ˣ֪ĸ棬ѹڹ֮ãٳٳ岻̴Ц죬Ѿɹˡ

ǿս֮һ
ʧһӵĺԶƵ죬ڴȴûż룬ڵȺʲô
ú󣬺ԶȻһЦԲĬr˵Ҿ֪
Զ
ĬrȴΪ⣬û뵽ɷѿģҵڴȻվ享Զ
֪ȻҲ֪
Զḧ룬ƺһҲûΪݵĻҾƸеǣҲûòսӶˣܹڷĿܿٺݣҲҵıáǺǣҪǲ뿪¶ģἱںݳ֡
ĬrĬ
ҺⰡ
ԶһЦһԹԵ˵ĬrĹȴڰн䱸ܵĳһҵǣǲǰ֪ںݣ
Ĭrɲ
ˣѾҪˡԶҡҡͷü˵߰ɣҲȥҪŪͷͳУֻصֲӡˣĬrͱ붥
ĬrڿڣΪˣ׼ꡣ
Զ۾һЦİĬr
ಣಣ
˲Ⱥأһ΢Сճǿս֮һ
򣬲硣

ݣ־֮صն̨ϣȻһλ֮͡
ҵ¿Ľ
氲ն̨ףɻ̤Ĺˣûϡ챦ɻ֪ڵصлս
Ǳ߿ݻԨ΢Ц
ȷֵɺ꣬ûǧսǰбѺ⽣ˣΣա
֪氲˵ͷȿ˲ܼһ£˵ԶǱܾòģϺһҲûԹôĿûһսʧĸɸɾһڰʹ
˲¶棬ǵҲûáԨ˵
˽ʱڵĲܼΣµιιιܱܲҵ棬˵ҼĻ
ȱûٸɡ氲һ
ҲΪ˺ݲܼ⡣
δء氲ҡͷ
Ҳһ̣챦֮۵ĳڣ͵ųâƲ׽ʲôӰ켣
ڳˣ
氲˲ܣ΢΢һ챦ԻĺԶĬrӳԺ
ԶĬrˣͬʱڣڼ򵥽ȥ򣡡
氲ûбܻܼҲûĸܣɻƺԴͷԶ˼Ҳڴڶ֣ϣһݵؽ
򣡡
飬ޫhǧֵʱ򣬻𵴡
֣Ƿ·һصһһԼΪǣǼη塣
ǲԭ򣬶Ҳǵһ֣ɷ·֪ˡ
ǵйֵӡǡ
ɨһۣ氲Ͳµ࣬˵ԨսĬrڽ˭ִƺֻصȨ
ĬrԨ
氲ˣͷĬrãӦĬrĻȻҲڵһԱƹܻǵֻشȨҷ̫ġ
ᾭںݵġԨ˵
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氲İˣƺʤԺ̾ǵص̶ȥԤֻ֮·
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氲Ȼɫ𾪵ؿħķ򣬿ŨĺڰǾڱ˼½ı
̴Цˣ
ԶݣȥԨսǰ氲˵һ仰
ֵɺ̴ЦˣκһҪ氲λѣ
ԤеĿ졣
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һͨն̨ڰһֻ۾γɡ



һǧ߰ʮ ڰе۾
̴Цطݣ
ûӴߣĬrһͬʧ̴Ц죬ʲô
֮Ĭr쵹½½ػˣ̴Цȴٳû
ԶԨţ󡱶ʱ̴Цɲ֪١
ɵĿ䣬֪ԶʵܶЩߣմݳѶϢҪʱغݡ
ֵɶȥǧʱΪ̴ЦҲûðͷ
ûж̴֪Ц뿪Ժ󣬾ȥ˹ҫ֮ǣ˼λ۷ս֮ǵѹ
˷ѱ̴Ц죬ҲΪԶԲƯս
̴ЦھȻˣѡʱǴʲô
ҹ׼̴ЦͶĹʱ̹עħı仯

ھԵĺڰУһֻͺڰͬɫ۾·ɡ
Ϊ۾ͺڰͬɫģΪڰ̴ЦԱûܿҲӦûܹо
ݴ磬ִơ챦氲޷ƬڰֻͬΪɫͫ
Ƭڰ̴ЦĻںԺĿ˼ҲƼеĳ
ԨȻˡ
˵Ǻڰеֻ۾Ԩġ
ֻ۾ɺڴ̴Цĺڰ·Ԩӣɫ۾ǻ۵ζ
ԨϤж
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һȻͬҲֻԨ
Ժ󣬺ڰе۾ʧˣ½ֵĺڰˮ˻أ뵽̴Цĺڰš
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һҵ𣬴ӳħħ
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ħڵ󣬼̴Ц¡𳤳ĺڷЦ˵㲻ڵӣһƬңҲûĹǡ
նһϯλ̴ЦĶټ̴ЦĴм
̴ЦȺԶĶأҲԸ̴Цġ
Ȼ̴Цܶʱ²ס
֪Ƕڻʲô
̴ЦƯħ߿գЩħһۣЩ˵ھޣһȻˡ
Ǳ̴Ц죬Զ뿪˺ݣԨں޼ɣ̴Цƴ֡
Ǳȷܻţڿ̴ЦԺֺȻİˡ
ֻҪ̴ЦˣֻҪλħҲƺûʲôµġ
ҵĺݽҡЦ
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ѸٵħħڣиһЩĴޣϣעħĴޣȫĪĶˡ
ǰǿֵ֮ڣ享ԶҲţΪݴһƬƬúݶϯλ̴Ц죬Ȼûг䡣
ʲôµأ
λߣЯڶĴޣħأ˼ҵǿսȷѪ갡
ԨڵЩ뢣ͬҲǺݵһӣ
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氲΢΢ɫʲôΣ
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ڵļۣ䵽ԨʱѲҵĵǱ᳤ڵԴ֮ΪԴ֮ͬΪԨа񡣡
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ܼڵ˿ڻˣôļۣôţôҲʱˣ
һǺ̴Цһ
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ԨҵģݿɲǻûŪ̴ЦͼǰŽǻ֮
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ײĻǷˣȴǲ֪أسײ
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ԨĿĺڰڣо˿ռС
ûЩ·ȫڰڵĿռУȻ͵˱𴦡
͸ڰļۣ



һǧ߰ʮ ͱһ
ԨüܹǱŵصԴ֮Ϊ߶Ԩа
ۺԴ֮ƺŲͬһЩ硣
Ӱ¿ȵ˵Դ֪֮Ԩڣȱһλִƺڰа񣬶̴ЦΪʵѡ
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˽Դ֮񣬺̴Ц쵽Ԩһ羴ηĺڰа񣬴ӶвԨĵλ
ǣڴ˷ȡ㹻Ԩ޵С
Դ֮ҪԨɱ̹˹ĴڣӵжԨԵͳ
ȷѹӰа񡢼ڵаˣŸҽ̴Ц죬ôһڰа
ܿϧĺͼҵ̹˹ƻ
ʱԨħ񱴶̹˹ĵһڼȻҵ״̬
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ͣƬ̺΢䣬̴ЦҪҲֻǵĹˣǳڣһɱ
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ܷʤȰＫںݵĸ
Ҫﲻ׻ع飬Ҳɵؽúݵ֮Ѫлܣ



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Ǹо춼ˡ



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СۡԨѡ
صͳԴͷڽս꣬ԨѳĬ

ӸС㵤˿ɵĬrģʥѩɽ֮ۡ
˿ͨǹڣɫãԿնİĴء
ʶڵصأһػع顣
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ģһĳŵ
ûǰʱ֣õ˿͵ˣҲͻȻΪ֮ܣϲˣ
ԨͷİաԣƬӨ׵Ļն̨
ϴ꣬ѪڡΪֻܼǱ͸ǣڽѪɱ䡣

Ԩڵ˿˵ķͨ־֮ǿ
Ԩ
ߴӨĻջأİرۣԺ
ڰȫˣֻն̨ڴˣؼʲôΪѳɲ̶С
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ԨͷƼһڤֹͣʣ类ˡ
ڶڵƣһҲQ
Դͷ̶Ȧɫ磬̶ˮı棬·һɫС
ÿһɫСŴٱͿǶڣ£귨ĻҰ
ҰЩǶ֣һشħ꣬źֻתصģİء
ֵмְգԨʵ
ɰɡ
Цţһ£ٴλӦɲˡߣɹȻҵʤˡ
ҵػ˪֮ļ֮õԴѪ½ǹɼļӳ֣виߡ
⣬Ī״һԼ׵õѪΣʮ
ɭͷܶѣµ棬ҲܽѪճɻҽ



һǧ߰ʮһ ڰ
ˣʱûȥҲԭ
ħ񱴶̹˹ĳɾͣΪõ˺ݵصԴӡλǺеǿߣ֪ԴѪĴڣƺҲԽǹɼ
ͬѪеӼںݶ꣬ҲԽŵ֮ףӴԴꡣ
ĻͷƽҲǲ֮ܺס
̩̹ĺᣬ̩̹ܳΪһǿǾԴѪϴ
Ȼ̩̹ȴ˺ݡ
꣬ԶʱھףǹɺܣǴԴѪ½ļͷĴڣĬr޿κΡ
ն̨ͷʬԺѹƣڵ߱ѳɡ
껰˼Լ˪ΪԨҲҪСĶԴ
ƺһü˪ǹɼµĺ򣬼˪Ϊڵľ޴в
Ī״ҪԼ׵õԨǾ֮Ҳǿơ
Դ͵֮ΪͬˣԴѪͼţƺڽ䱸ŶԷ
Դѡ˵֮ףΪµܷѪ壬ͨԴѪǿҪԴ֣֮׵ĴڶΡ
֮Ȼ
ͨߣǴħ񱴶̹˹ԴѪ½ĵصҪԽǹɼҲ롣
ಣ
УһźڰйĳȻ˳
ڰһԨʱӦоǺڰеＫΪϤӦϵõġ
ŵ
ص꣬ƺҲᵽǹϢȵڱݻʱõŵĹؼ̫鲢ûк˵ɱȻغش󡣡
Ҳ£ۻͨ뵽֮ף
һԨһ񣬵Ҳǻ¡
ٺ٣Ȼҵˡ
еħ̴Ц죬ûֳ֮Ӱ񣬶ǽƬڰ³Ǻڰ£
󣬴̴ЦŨڰͻȻӷе뿪ֱҩڵĵػɽȥ
ħͷԵ磬˵עĿûʲôҲ֪ȥػɽʲô
Ҳȥ·Ԩʱն̨ڣٹһӣҵϢȫԺն̨Ҳܴߡ
ã
Ԩʱȥ
ʱڵս½ظڵ
УܷӲǿûԽ֮
ΪﲻͨΪǿѪܣǿĸǡɱ֮׿ƣ汦Ҳûޡ
뼫Уλڵţ걾ǿһûѪƣȻܽ󻯣˽Ӵ᳤Ŀܣ
ôˣ
ܼ㶣ͬԦ칬ȥҪҩᷢʲô䡣
̴Ц죡
ħ
ػɽҩߣһƬڰٽȫڿ־ؼС
ǰһ̵̴Ц죬ոսݻ٣ػɽʲô
ҩڵӳ೾֮ǰĺ˵ԨƺܹħĶ档
ħ˼ɵĻ𣬺οҩڣ
䣡
һɽڱҽ˰գ͵ںɽУ̵Ļ֭ˮѵڴɽ
ڶɽ춯úϵڴ˵Ī״𶯣ȵǵ֮ףغݵĵ֮ڷŭҲһҸоԭģ

Ī״ڵ¯桱¯ϣͬȵ氲˵᳤ƴأһеس·Ǳ䣬ƺŭ˵֮ף
ѵҲʶ氲
Ӧаɡ
ϵػɽһֱǹɼ׵Ī״Ҳ̫϶
ΪδܽӴ׵־֪ص࣬ǲǰ㣬Ŷǻʶ
˿̣Ī״ΨһһΣܳķŭ
ģ
ǻʲô
ĺڰֳħ̴ЦӰڰĻһ㣬ػɽĸ߿շλħҲƮȻ߳ڰ
Ϲ֣Ī״㣬ƺҵӰ
̴Цҡҡͷһڵ磬ͷĺڰڰӹŷ
˿̵Ԩն̨ڱο־֮һޡ
ī񷣬˵ػɽĿУһйԴ£Ҳػɽڲ磬׹뼫µĺڰ
ܿ죬Ī״ͷʹ˷ɽ֪ϵϵûˡ
еĸйٶڰû
֪ϵĵػɽ̴Цĺڰ򸲸ǣڴ˷ƵȻ޴档
ģΪݳʱĺڰΪݴϣ͹
̴ЦЦֻʱ氲Ī״˲

Ī״氲ˣھԵĺڰУȻ̴ֿЦӰ
ҲΨ̴Цһˡ
ټһڰ磬˾̴ֻܿЦ죬ƲɽƲӿĻɽƲ̵ҽ֭ˮ
ҲƲ˴ˡ
ɽҩڵߣҩʦڵľߣзޣбڰֵ˺ֻƼһˡ
ħ̴Ц졣
Ҳֻһˣ֮⣬޾ĺڰ
һڰеӰɽĶڣҩĵ⣬ڻʵĺӹԣ۰Ͱ͵ؿͷ̴Ц졣
ڰУǸܲҽĸ£ˮƺҲܲԼ
ֻкڰ̴ЦյӰ
ȥ°ɡ
̴ЦЦţڶԺڰеһ˽ǱصĶֻҪ֮¶ͷǣһӴҵĺڰͳҵ
սڿռܻӵͨںݣδסҡ
ĬrսУԴ֮ľ£̴Цһ
潻ҡ
һϧ̴Ц⣬бڰֵһ
ԨŰɡһǣؼ᳤ڣŪˣ̴ЦһŪ˵
ڰĻ⣬Ԩͷһо·ٴ˰



һǧ߰ʮ ĵף
ԨϤĵػɽҩڵĴӪȴ̴Ц˺ڰ
簵һĺڰ磬ȴ޿ı˻ȡ
Ԩںڰ⣬ûУûڰûܸܵػɽȡ
˿̵ĵػɽñκʱҪ꣬Ԩ궼ơ
Ũĺڰ·𻯳̴Ц˽򣬲ʲô̽ܿĶֻдĺڰ
ߣ֪Կ粻˴ĺڰ
氲Ī״ǰ㣬ҲƲڶĻɽʵҽˮҩһҩá
ֻħ̴Цһˡ
ħںڰУϷԨܿҲ氲Ī״ܿ
̴ЦǴ˷ڰףϵ飬ڰֵ˺ѲҰ͸֪
ħһ޾ĺڰħܣܻŷ͸ڰеκ
ûĪ״˵氲ȻĺڰûһӺڰѡ
ǡ̴ЦĿ⣬氲Ī״ӹֿڶҩڵˣȻʵŰɡ
ػˡĪ״
ġ
̴ЦȻӦһ䣬Ц˵ڰɨһģô˻ңССҩڣɱĨΪܴڶã
ȰŨĺڰԨ
ڰܿ˺Ѫ죬̴Ц˿ڵĺڰ򣬷·Ǻڰռ
̴Ц⣬ʲôоҲ
˵̴Цӹ֮ǵõĶյĺڰζ̴ЦսʼȲš

ħ΢Ц̧ͷΪصԨ˵һطЩڰţڵűںϣȥŻɺڰı˰ʱκڰߣߵºյ㣬ῴ̴ЦӰ
Һڴһĵ
еҰ֮ȼգԨڰ̰ûһ˿һΡ
Դ֮ĸ̫СǿаŷӮҲͰˣƫƫֲǱ̹˹Ķ֣ŰԼŪǱ
̴ЦЦ˵һڰȴʼոżۣ·ĵص͸
Ҳþ棬û뵽λĹͨҲִ˵֮ס
۽֮ǣͻȻ
䣡¡
ػɽңȻͬڼ½ڣгŶĻɽӿԴ½Ǭ½ҲѸٲ
۹ɣأһƬ͹ֽ
ˣ
ǵģ½ͺеĵ죬Щĵؽ磬ڱȣ
׷ʲô
״ߣˣһͷͷȫķ
¶ȵ̫̫ͣ˹ůļڣ˲˿
ںڵĵؽ磬һڣϲϺֹܵ
Ե޸оͷˣߣѿʼ룬ΪĴء
һĻĻ۾ʹ˸֡
ڵߣĴޣͰ˼ޣϽӺݸźͽطɳ
޺ֱѡƿڣֱȥ˺֮⡣
Сûߣ½ضȥ
ˣ
ħڵŶԨŶ󣬽˵ħˣݸ¶ڼ취ı䣬˻ҲˣЩ˺壬ȫ취롣
ûе񾳣ûе˼زһ㡣
ָϾ˵һĴգھͽݣһᾡܵأ̫¶ӰݡҶ֪ڵصҪ취

һ죬͵ش͸˽ڣһնȥ
ľǽƿһգʱΪ¶ȣȥΪݽ¡
Ҳݵ֮ķܹ꣬ġ
ƿ̫
Ԩۿ⣬Ƽǵ˽Ժ󣬵ȷֱһա
ؼʱ̣λħڵҲΪݳ
ڣħ̴ЦҲüˣƺҲû뵽۵䣬᳤ķоǹɼױñŭ
׼縺ػԴΣ᳤Ľ֮ڣͼԴ֮꣬㱻ˣǿʼչʾܡ
ƺɱ᳤Դ֮꣬ҪѸٽ⡣
ȴ֪һˣҲڶʱڻ
Ȼ񲢲ںЩ
ֻҪԴ갲Ȼˣգۡ
ԨȥĺԨ㻽ӳ೾ͼݡ̴Ц룬ϽָƬ򣬺ȵûԤϵǶᱻǻ۵ĳɳ仺ȻǷǻ۱ӡ
һƢŭĺӣǲ˺ġ
첻µزµ̴Ц죬˿˵֮ףЩ޿κΡ
޷ͨĪ״ҲûܵõܹģԱĺܣ侲侲ЩԨڴڵڴˣ
̴ЦԼС
Ҫ𡣡ԨŶͷƬ̣˵ͷ˵бѡ
һʶն̨ݳȥ½صͨٴصķ϶
ú󣬡˪֮˪½

ɫ΢ļ˪ſſżٿһͨðͷͼڵȺ򣬲ȥĺԨ
ԱߣһЩڵߣһλڵ¶棬Ϊӡ
ʱǧ磬ֵһ֮أð̫ڵڶǿ߶á
껹̬ȣǧֵһսսؽĿ
ʱ̣ͬԽڵļ˪֪γ½أӭӡ
λ˭
ȻԨ



һǧ߰ʮ ǿ
ڹ
˪һα½صĿռ䴫󣬽͵Ⱥ
ǰĺԨ
ݣ
һ貵ıǹ⣬˾ĺԨЩͨǿյĺԨڣתЧȻ
ĺ˳һԨӿ룬˪ǣ͸ء
ͬʱ
פգҲƫ˹ܵŤݴ罥нԶ
⣬ֻʣһҫźݣúݲҹ
˪Ļع飬ʩúݼ¶ͻȻ½һء
Ϊĩսķۼ»࣬Էٻ̻̲ա
СӻһףǸģ˵Ѿͷ
̴ЦڰԨ˴ĴָĽ˵ڰ򣬻Ūն̨ȥ˪Ѫ塣
Ԩڵ죬߲ͱ˪Ϊ˿˶ԨڣúԨڵĺתӿ죬˵Ծˡ
ȷһõѡΪݵı֮ӦҪ縺ΣǶ侲侲
ֻǡ
ħͣƬֵ̣ǽڵˡ
ΣԨ
ҲûʲôҪܽԶҲеġ̴Ц츧ƴЦأҲշǲȥֵġɶΪսҲûĶ顣
ǣҿҪģҲλˡ
ΪڵǼ£ıֻͬսͬǵˣҪôʱսˣҪôºʱ۷սʿƴˡ
ǻŵĵˣҲˣˣ廻һµ䣬Ҹܽܵġ
̴Ц쿪ʼ뺫ԶĻ档
ŸչһĲܼ󣬸չ仰æö칬ӡĹͣסΡ
ʲôã
̴ЦбһۣϷתͼһϣ֪ǼһأҲͨ칬ӡҲ˵Ļ
ôҵʣұڹ֮ʱͷûң
Ƶ쵫ڹ֮ǳ֣ҵĺڰ֮һȵǿҲڱѹôࡣ
ô֪֮𲻵ңԾνˣ
ʱˣħħҲˣΪʲô
ѵΪã
ʹȫµĴޣͨ;λѱĺڰ˵޼ɵ
ԺԶĲǺڡ
ܼ󣬻ͨö칬ӡ۲ƵڴޣһϯĬ

ҡ
ĺڰУڵ¯ϵĪ״ͻһ
ڰڵĪ״ܵһͻƺڰעӣ鲼ڵһػ磬ͱڰֵĵػɽ˲ٴϣ
ڰҲ޷Ӱ
ಣ
Ī״뵤¯ײ¯պϣһ͸¯ĺڰǼ
꣡
¯ڲĺڰҵĻȼճޣ̴Цĺڰ־Ѳڡ
Ī״
棡
ºڰУħ̴Ц⣬ٴ¶һ̴ЦԨȡ
̴Цܵ˲ѰΪھΪĪ״ϵĵػɽڣ޽Ĳֺڰ
ûоĵ¯ںڰи֣ԨͲܼ󣬻氲ȱڰҲˡ
ⲻϳȻҲĪ״Ӧе
棡
ûĪ״ֻ¯Ԩ΢΢һ
¯Ǵħ񱴶̹˹ģڱԿŵĻУ͵֮׵ȼ̬Ÿ߶ơ
˿̵¯쳣˵һ˽Ī״

¯ںڰУ׹Ī״ҽ̶Ȼٳ䡣
Ԩŵ¯ͻغڰӴ궼ȵĻ𺣣
¯𺣵˲䣬ɽ·ĵ֮ףʱͷˡ
һٺ졢졢ɫĻ棬澫ȸڵ¯ڣͼһͷͷ˵еĻޣ¯һԾ
ȸ룬ˣ
Щںݺ⣬ֻĻޡޣػ־壬ػΣ
ڵĵ֮УһͷͷĻޣ񿥵᳤
쾫ѱɷа᳤ӳ˽裬ڲؼĽ

һĿĽͭУЩȻȸˣһͷͷͻնɱ
᳤ڷ֮׵־
κһѪ飬᳤Ľֻ࣬Ҫڵ֮׳֣ͱȼճɻҽˡ
᳤˿̲ţûлҽҺ͵֮׽а塣
¯
᳤ԺУȻһ
᳤ǻλһӡɵĹŶȻչֳ֮Ŀ
Ī״ĵ¯棬𣬹ɵ¯Ľ֮Ӧ
¯᳤ֱȥ
ԨУħ񱴶̹˹浤¯ΪҲǽ֮˿᳤ܵٻ
Ȼ
ԽԽĵ¯棬ԽһͷͷޡԺڲصĻ淨ͻȻı䡣
Ī״ǻѪֹһεľѪ淨ǿаա
̹˹Կ̵Ļ淨Ī״ľѪǿ֮׵־߬ס
䣡
ʧصײ᳤Ľ֮һͷͷһӵϣ壬͸
һĻƮȻ
ۣҵ㣬㾹ȻҪң
ռ϶ͼѣûܹɹǰͱ֮׷ĻҲڵ֮š
꣬ǿߵ֪꣬Ψһ֮ܳܵ׵Ķ
Դ֮귽ǿ֮һͨſռһĻ꣬ʧȥ᳤߽ԺҲڲ̫á
ܿͻᱻŭĵ׷ޡ
ѣ˵ôֻǺϵأȻڴ˷ıʧܣñ̹˹ȥԨǵͬҲͽˡ
һɫ죬ӿĵػи֣˲佫Դ֮Ļ¡



һǧ߰ʮ 
֮ڵ᳤¯ײ֮ѡ
ǧռĽ֮ͭЩȸ롢ˡٲʳš
ΪʵʻĽɫȸͻԪͭɫһߺ˰ӡ
һͷͷڵ¯ڵޣڵ֮зʳ᳤ǺӲɼĽ֮¡
һͷͷޡޣٴηɻص¯档
Щʵޡޣ뵤¯ħ񱴶̹˹棬˲һǿ
ңʵڽɡ
ھѪ龡Ī״ؿ¯ף𾪵ؿڲе仯
꣡
һâЩзɳں͵ػɽϵľ硣
Ժе꣬Ҳƽڶ͵֮صظӦǿаѪĵףͷųֲ
¯᳤ꡭ
Ī״жļֱҪӯ
ԶΪвΪ׹аħһ᳤ڵػзôãշĵ¯ڡ
ڶ˲ͼӡ᳤ڵģ˵¯һ֡
᳤а꣬Ǽ˵ļ;ӲǱػ͸޿ɸɾֻĽ
᳤꣬һʱ䲻ԣڻججĳꡣ
꣬Ī״ܹԦģǿԴͷʼѱġ
̶ʱڣ治øˣõ˵֮׵Ͽɡ
ڵģĻ򣬱ǵ֮׸Ĳ
ϲ㡣
һǸɫͼ죬ӵ֮Ʈɳȥ»ص̴Цֵĺڰ
ڡ
᳤
ڻΪ᳤̻ڶеȻһӦȵ᳤̬˸ı䣡
ʦ㣬ôܸӦ˼ʵ
Ǹ
һ˼˵᳤ǾĽ֮ҿӡһССģֻܸܵľӻǻ󱻼Ժ󣬽룬ƺͱ𡣡
һǸоˣ
ܵ
оʲôæʡ
Ϊ꣬һȫ꣡Ī״У᳤Ǽһ֣Ҳ˵Ǽһӣ˵˵ţԼ
ڵȻ˵Щңɺˡ
Ī״еһ᳤᳤Ǿ߽֮һ᳤֣껯ꡣ
עǷ

һɫ죬ӹ̵ҽ̶ڷɳںڰû
Ūˣ
̴Цͷż۲Ǹ졣
׵ˡ
޷ͷļһ£˵ԪڵĪ״һ¯᳤ǵ¯ΪǷҲƲ᳤Ϊ¯꣬Ī״Ҳõľˡ
Ҳ£ȫµķ֮·ѵĲѱˡ
׵־ǧѵ¶һأ᳤ܹͨԴ֮񾪶ȻĪ״ƿصĵ¯˵¯Ī״һЩ¡
Ī״ķۣƿصĵػһĪ״ȥ񡣡
ʱԺڰ򸲸ǵػɽ̴Ц죬ܵһֲȡ
ѸܲĪ״
ϰס
ԨһҲԵΪĪ״еˣҲûϵ¯棬ڹؼʱ̻ɱ᳤С
ûеȵ۳֣ĵ֮ףĪ״棬ڵĺ᳤
ˣ᳤𱾸Ϊа꣡
棬˴ħ񱴶̹˹졣
ڲУԿڶ͵֮صУֱܹ֮ӵãȦޡͼƣ֮׸Ժ󣬻ӿĵػԻõӦơ
¯֣е¯ջԨԽȥ
ںܾúܾǰ֮ĳһΣħ񱴶̹˹Ӵйͨ
̹˹õԴľˣԴϴ˻ǣԴڴ˷־չ֡
һֱػԴ꣬Ҳ˶Ա̹˹׽򱴶̹˹չһȻı̹˹ͼ¼˵¯棬ڲĻС
¯Ϊ֮״죬Ϊгһգõ֮Ҳһߣͨõչ
᳤ĳ֣ݵĵ֮ף̵֮һ޶ǣǱ̹˹滮İɣ
ڵĽ᳤в¯ΪĪ״ͻѵһأһ¯
ûдħ񱴶̹˹Ӱӣ

޾ĺڰ̴Цۣյĵػɽָֻԭ״
氲ȿ񷶥һ֣֪ħǵóԸõҪĽ
׽ˡ
̴ЦһЦͷĺڰĻռγɡ
Ǹɫ죬ںڰĻȻʧ֪ȥ˺δ
Ī״λֻһˡ̴Ц°ͣĿ⣬氲ϣھȴԴҪǵ˱Դӡ֮׵λ¶ȥս
⻰һ氲һ
졣
ԨüͷһĿǸɫ죬ʧںڰеĿռУͻȻ֪ƺڼۡ
۵ɽȣԶıԺﱻá
ｫ춪һž꣬û
֮ǰлӳһռУν̴Ц֣ҪûʧȥĶ
óԸˣԴ֮ڴ˷һ꣬ͬͨռԴ硣
ǺǣԴ֮Ķ࣬õҪĶĨԴ֮꣬͸ͺԶͷˡ̴ЦΨ²ҵأЦµҲڴĪ״񣬺ȥˡ
Ұɣ綼ɣҵҪջ



һǧ߰ʮ Դ

̴ЦȻһڹƿݵĽںֱһնȥ
ػɽؼգ氲ȴüͷĪ״ûĻɽ˼
Ҳʱ
Ԩģظܳ·һڵصĿ⣬
꣡
ʶȻãȻһ޴꣬굴ɫ⣬ƱǵĿ
Ԩ
氲ȣķԨüͻȻȼһɫĻ档
һѾ氲ʶ·𱻵ȼλһԪ񣬾ҪλѣĴ֧ҪըĿ¸С
𼱣
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ԨڵػɽԴꣿ
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룬Ҫȥ롣
ˣͻᱻ֪ͻᱻնռܡ
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氲ʧУеġ챦֣Ԩͼ˪ǰֻ档
ɽڣһҫĿռ϶ƾγɡ
ѿĿռ϶ƱһɫţѸΪһ貵Ĺ϶˹
ÿһͺݵĿռ䷨ţܽںݿռ֮С
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ۣµЧĸߣҿʼϲˣ
̴Ц쳣ŵĺڰţ˿̳ڣһĺڰ꣬Ťɡ
ЦԺڰָ֮꣬Ǹ죬ſܣλ˼

ڣۣ
ҵ죡ǼһҲţԨ𣿡
Դͨߣ̴Ц仰Ըӡ
Ǹ󲻵ħ̴ЦȻͼ˽ףҼۻ조Դ֮š̴Цȥ
Դ֮ڲͨһͨǰԴ磬ֻ롣һͨǺͱԴ֮ŽӣҲͨСǸɫڣЦΪ̴ЦͣɲҪܴˡ
᲻ᣬ˵ġ
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ģĻӰǸɫи֣ƺڴЦ
ģڵԴأΪͳԺݣҺԴ֮һ˺ܺÿͣԴԨߣ뿪ʱ򣬻ͨԴ֮Żعġ
Դ磬ǺԨӴȻֻͨꡣ
Ԩ£ԨĲһ䲻ƣȴŷǿߡԼĵˣȥԴǽӴԼĴµʶ
Դ˵ݣݵǿש



һǧ߰ʮ 
Դ̴Цһڰ֮̽Դ硣
ںݵЩˣɵȻŪ̴Ц֪ħվǱˡ
Ϊڵˣ
Դ磡Ԩ
氲ɫ࣬ԶѾ˼ġԴ֮šһѡԭַϵɽ
Ϊ޳ݸ˶Ĵۣ
ڵļλ䣬Ϊһţ
ǧĶ˿̱Ϊɽߵ氲һŭɡ
ڵʲô
ԨĿѵغȵԴ֮Ŷô꣬ò׽٣ֱ죬ǿߣȥԴ磬ڵı
Ѳڵλˡ
ԨĬһ£ЦŽͣҲôģӲԨʲô˿飬ڶ֪顣
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Ԩҡͷ˵֪û
氲ƽϢһŭȻ󷢳ʵµԴ֮δã
ʦӳ೾˵ɡ
Ԩ̴ЦĹὫìͷָ̻ڵˣħǨŭˣս
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˿̵ľƺ΢ɿƺҲûԽܵ鷢
ȥһ˽ڡ
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Ĩɱ۰ԴѪ½õԴѪأпܱɵڶ̩̹
ڣܳԽ̩̹Ǻӵȫɱ䣡
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Ϲ֣ɽԴ֮ʱܡȴ£⡣
Ԩһƾն̨Ļ֮ϵӵػɽ˲صն̨
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Ԩһߺ꽻һߺ˵ֻҪˣһоͻȷĹԺЧҵֻˡ
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ĬrĬrǲֻת֮һһɡ
þȥרעڶԸҪһºԶںδȥꡣ

Ŷ
Ԩ䲻ȵػӦһն̨ȥ̻ᣬݺıϣֱȥ½ء
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ڣһæӭǰԶ͹ˣү˵ںݣݼҵ˼㡣֪һ֪㻹ݼҵļˣðһ㡣
ҶԲס˼ҡ
ԨȻе㲻ζԼһֱӱܼһļˣү貶ʼ˼ˣȥ˼ҡ



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Զпװڡ涼ż˪
ûԤϵǡ;ݣ巸ǣţڡ
ڵĴ󣬲ܵסһǵĺ
˿̵ĺݣܸıƬǹ켣ͬһӪģҲǴӻġ˪֮˪
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Ƭ֮һƬʯǺȻ䣬ڵײ飬Ƶ˺ͻѪӻŵӡ

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һТģͺúŰɡݫi˵
һ㣬ҩ츳ȴҲϲҩҩڵұ̷ɽ񻹶ҩڵˡ
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ΪҩûƵĵ裬Ʒʵĵҩѷڡ
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ܣֹǺһһʱҲδú

֪˶ãʶУֳһɭаӰ
Կ˼ɫ΢΢һ䣬Ȼɳ



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̫ԨڵĽͽһЩռҺ̫Ԩڵߣµ۹̷ɽ
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ЩռҺ̫Ԩڵ˵ӣһһִľګʬĹС
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־˿̵类Ť
ѹţ˽ⲽ壬ȼȫµ׹ҪԴݱݡ



һǧ߰ʮһ 
ۣۣ
һöö׹ײն̨γɵӨĻ̨û
ն̨ڲСأЩɫеĴ·壬һͷ׷׻ɻҡ
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һεǿսûʻѪ飬ֻ׹ĻεţΪܵظĹ硣
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ү貣Щݼҵ˷׷ðͷҲѯʡ
ݼңҲҩڣ̻ͨķֲԨ΢΢üͷ۵˵̫ԨڵĽаƻռ˵ȼ׹
򵥵˵˵
۪ͷƷȥ̻ͨᣡԶʱˡ
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һĶõԨѲһȦȻûݼ򿴵ˣԥ˲ն̨Ϸ
ڸߴն̨ĸ֪Ұ̻ͨķֲ
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ڶԶߣش̻룬һǺ
Щ˵Уʶѳ׹ʼϵߡ
۪ݷƷҲЩߵС
ͬǣݷƷ򾳽δִ񾳣ػ껹ûзɱ䣬׹ƺûѡ
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巣ӺǣձƵˡ˰⣡̻սȱ´ңǺðڻˡ
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һλüĿ¨ƮȻ֣һŵ̻ᣬԨһ񣬡꣬Ҳ̻Ŀ֮һھ巡̷ɽķֲҪ᳤տݼҵҲϡ
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ڲȻɫȰһȰֹ˼ݣԨüŪۣʾԨ˵
ǶԵġԨҡҡͷ

һߣԨŽȵôҵǰ
ҪڼԨԺ󣬲ܷ׹䡣Ȼη壬Цɱ׹ߣⲻ׹û취Ǳؼ䣬Ψһпܽ⿪׹ˣ˿򡣡
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һԨ̻ı˵ûΪ׹ߣ֮󽻸ңֹǵɱ䣡
Ŷõģ



һǧ߰ʮ л
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װ꣬¨ͿˣЩԱ׹ʴԺ񼴽ɱߣɱĿꡣ
ԭǴһֱɱȥĺֶΣƽϢⳡ׹ġ
ȻԨҪ껹ǵһʱѡ˷ӡ
ȻһЩɡ
Щ׹ߣΪ׹ٶʵ̫ˣЩ˻ڱΪ׹ǣ׹ȥߡ
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ΪĽߣǻɱΪ׹ǻ׹
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ʹЩеˣв̻ĳԱһЩȽ͵ĺ󱲣ѡֱӴɱ
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ǣһصĹ飬ܵƿأɢΪƮֽţ׹
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Ԩն̨һƬӨ׵̨棬绯챦ҫǸлᦴȡ
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ûлֻ̹޷±ˡ۵ӰƬ̣˵׹ɱʻ飬÷˺µߣΪĻ罻ҳˡ
ŶˣɷħҲЧʳɣ
ͻȻЦ



һǧ߰ʮ 
ڵ꣬ߡ
л֣Ԩ뿴ûа취׹
ۻ˼˿̵ıѹ׹ķģڿ׹ӿ֡
ں᲻ΪĹ⣬ν
ڶѻ׹࣬Ѹɾӱ̷ɽܵٽĳ۹µ۹
׹᱾ܵϮɱˣи۹ߡ
˿ܻΧΪСĻﵽ񾳵Ĵޣ׹ɱԺ󣬼пܱµ׹
ȥټһݣΪĿܡ
ԨãҪǺݵɽ˵Ļ⣬ѹڿ־֮صԴͷҸȼ
׹ɷħûҲΪɷħ̫ʼĻأҲЩν׹
ģĻ꣬Ǹ˾޴ڣħҡڡ
΢΢һĿռ϶ڱ̷ɽȺ׹еѿ̫ԨڵĹ㳡ƿصĹէ֡
ÿһ˺ѵĿռ϶ɫĲ⵴лᦵشų
ʱɢڸǿ߲ŶʱԨļЩ׹ߣɵŪڵȡ
׹ܱһһԴ磡
ͨ⣬ռ䷨Ժհ˽⣬ǲѷɫ߲
ಣಣ
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е̫Ԩߣν̫ϳϣ׹Ⱦʶ˿ɲ׹
Щ¸صĴأʧѿĿռ϶
գ۹ַǷ̫Ԩڣ㾲һ㡣
ûдﵽ񾳣׹ͬŲкʿԼѪУЯſ־ҲлᦸӰ졣
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леļۣ˵˼仰ͼЩͨռ϶׹صء
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аħ
׹ԨΪԨеаħҲǸԨడ
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Ѫܱӻţӵ·ɳ׹ƲѪ⣬û͸ʶ
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˵ʱ򣬿ԬҲɫطϸ߿գϽ˵񾳵ߣɱΪ׹һ̣׹ʴͬߡھĴޣ׹ʴǱ׹ʱɵ׹ҺԬа
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һԸƧĹڴޣ֪ʱĿܣԼûڻΪ׹ʱ򣬾ʹ˼öεķ
ε׹׼ĿԬ溣ھޣ
ԬЩڵˣҲϤ׹;ʱط˳
Ȼ룡
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쵱ϣ´˼ɳΪ׹߳ռѷ졣
Ԭ溣ϴѶ̻ͨᣡǣھĴޣɱΪ׹ԺǶɵ׹ѡͬߣھѾǺݽߵǿߣҲ׹׷׶ݲҲˣ
Ϊ죬˼ͻȻҪȥԨ
Ԩ
ԬȻ
ǲ֪Σѵʱ̣ΪμҪԨѵԨܻһ׹ı

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̷ɽİУƣڱ꣬ʮ͵ն̨ԺָЩѳ׹࣬ҪҪֹǽռѷ죿ǣ϶;ȲˣǴɱǾͻȥˡ

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̬Щ²ŭԨ
취
Ԩɫأ½أĬţһģ壡

ڻɷħͨڲķֲ㣬ع鵽˽أȻ̷ֱɽ
һɷħ͵Ԩڣڳ¡
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ɷħЩ̫Ԩڡռҵ˵һסֳԨ
ܿ죬ԨλɷħСԺ󣬱š
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Ԩ廰Ҳվ˾͵߲ʹǰͨ˵ĶԻ֪ʲô飬С޲װ㣬ͷֱڻСֻˣڵѪ²Żȫչ֡
ʱĿؿԨ
ӳ೾ˣǻڸһͷͷżɫƵؿԨƺԨҲǻͬ˼
ͷȴСˣصѪһһӿ֣ٽûɾԨԼʳ˵Ѫ
̩̹ǰ㡣
ĵײͷ˻ΪεС̩̹Ƥӣ˿˫ҲȻ
ȻϷ½˵ĶԻҲ
Ƿ˶ԨɣҲеعעš
ס
ںģૣֳζɫʡ
ҲġԨֱ̬
϶ġȻȴû˵񣬰ɫ컢Щż۷ޣͷСʳֻҪһ˵Ҳ¡
ǣɫ컢Ҫ޾ЩľżҪѪؼͷСϡ
ƾ㣬ǱĬһͷСʳսߵ
ǱǴӦսԭ򣡡
Ưǿձ߽Ԩᣬؽ뷨ߴΪһͷСΪѡӶ
ҪҪСԺٳԡ
Сĳֹ꣬غغͻԺ
ʱȥ
˪أ߲ʹţڲԵĿռ䲨޵ǸѾͷܸܵĺ⡣ֻҪ̤򣬾ͻһʱ
Ѿͷ
ֿ죬ɭɭ͸٣ӺŪ⣬û뵽޼츳ܺãҪ죬ÿζܻ
֮ǰޣԸԴ࣬ҲгһȥԴѪ
дħ񱴶̹˹ڴ˷һ죬֪ļƻƽ
ǴڻģҲȥ򣬽޴һԴѪ½ĵص׵ġϧƻ仯˸ͷҲˡ
ȲؼС
Ԩع鱾壬ʾȥն̨
ֺʮؿڣԻѪ⾫ն̨һҫĿ߲⣬ǺӰ߿ա
޽ڵĸ߿У߲ӿţһɳǿ
ڻһˣ̩ǺԶĿҫǣӲǱ˶ĻǺӷţһ
ҫǣǻǺӵŦҲǻؼľݵ㡣
ԨЦˣ˵򽫻ţɸ˹壬ޣߺݵĴ޺͵ħ
Ҫʲôӳ೾еѽ⡣
򣬿ɲ˽أ



һǧ߰ʮ 
ǧ硣
ܰڡǺӶɿڡֵɣŵ۾Ҳû
䡢ȴɣɢԱߣʱ˵仰һ۴紫Ͷߣһºݺľơ
ֵֻɣ·һĮģڵȺĽ١
۷ǿսؼƺûжŵ
ݣ
֯ҫУӺԶپӫתӰǺӶɿڡ
Цݿؿߺⲻ̻ĵһôзͷôеģ
巺ͷӣһֻͬܽܳġǺӶɿڡ
ǰŵģǼλڵĴɣɫ䣬һԲطߡ
̫ͽڡ
׶ı⼸λڵĴҲгҪֵɾǰǻһʱ
巣ǧĹأȻˣ뿪֣صһ䣬ɱǽƶĹ򡣡ıӰߺȡ
巳š
ɽһЦݵķӣÿһλɴкˣ󣬺þò潣ȺʱҿûٹɣŶǲܿŶһΪռϡء
С԰໨֮ĺĲʣǲ̻ͨŪģ
Ѧ㣬һųǷǮ߰ǰˣˣѵΪҩĵ裿
Щһ֪Զģһ
Ϊߡķӣ˵Щɣܹ̻
ĴɣɫЩΣһ
̾һεվ֣ˣͬǰľ¾ͱóˡȺʱ̻ƣ˻̻أͨ쵺ߣҲûٳ
ˣͲɡӰڰ֣ȵ˵ǧ磬ҲûߣֻǴ˼Ϣǡ
˵־֮Դ֮һ꣬лû
˵̴Цͼ۵֣׹ı˪ĳ
˵ʱǵ̫顢ǱʡǱߣҲںݵ仯
ͷ֪٣̴Ц콥бԨִԴ磬µ졣ŶǲӦ¿һ䡢˵۾ȴһֱֵɣΪ֪дֵֻɵġ
ȻֵȻĿζδı⡣
˪ѾͷȻûǣ
ʵʵ˵Ϲž߱ڵƷʣϹ˰̫ϧˣԽǲսԽĿ죡
˪֮ķˣ̾ûһ˺ݣն׹
ڳЩɣһһҪֻڿ޼˪ȴ˵
ûһϻҲֵ껹ûǼּ
˵ˣֵ˭ҲȰˣҲ˷ѾˣӡǺӶɿڡ롣
Ǻ¡
̫ھһȻЦ
ԨǳϰʣԵ̫˵һļ۴ˣôĻлᦺ½Դ֮뿪ˣ
̫һ£˵𾴡
𾴣
Ǳ֪ߣڵĳϺˣиľżսʿ̫⻰סˡ
Ҳڴ˿̣ħǱһ𣬻ա
ûǧĽڣڸ߿Уͬĸ硣
֮Щǧ磬ӱ𴦴ͶߣҲ硣

硣
ͨص֧Ѩڣϱ³Ⱥ֮£нأĲأŮٱиǿߡ
˵߶ǶѨڡ
һҫĿɫǵضݶǧĹ磬ڹܻ
һ죬Ƶشӹдڳǿɫء
·ܵ͹ǣǣūۡ
꣡
ˣ
ϢǺݵλ
죬Ӧóɹˣ
ţŸֳĶѨܵӱʱע
ע뵽ĵصף
ϱ³յڣ۾ؿţһɫӰýΪʵ
·Ѫǣӱ֧Ȼصʽ
߱³̾ѣʱͻȻ˿ѪǺڣ᲻е˿ĺۼ
Ķˣںջ񼫴Ԩˡʱ䣬˿Ӧü޲ˣǻҪˡ
ᴼӶѨײȻ֪˱³˼롣

ؾϲؽϥأŶ˵лĺ񰮣
Ӧõġȥðգ͸ջ񡣡ʱ·۾ʶչ˷磬ٽǿնӳ
Ҳ˿ǧ磬Ĵɣ̫ˡ
ڣֵɣ
ĸ磬ɢݳص겨ʸ̽Ѱߣ
ֻҪֻҪ֪磬˿̵Ļ
Ҳ֪γɹԺ󣬾ͻӵص׶Ѩ߳
Ȼ󣬱ǰǧսֵɡ
ⳡǺӸȺǿߣйעľ֮սҪ˶ñݡ


ҫǻֹס
Զһشǿз籩ӿţгɱزĿֲ
ɫ̩ǣһشصз籩ڣ֡
ʮ޴з籩ܣҲסرλãõɫ̩ǣƺҲ̶
ˣ
ԨӰһն̨ǿ̩˲ˡ
ڿҫǣűʮз籩֣ʱԡµ̩ǣŷ·ֹ籡
п֪ʮз籩ǴӺδȡ
ǿܣκȥǺӶŨҲΪҲӡ
֮ˣΪʮ޴з籩һֱע뵽˵ɢ
ɢ
̩ǵȻܾˣܽܵǿܣҲȻκǳࡣ
СݷЩż˼ӳ೾ŪҲԭ
߽磡
СһԨ֣︡һǿܣӴ˷ı֮أ뵽򡣻һЩ̫죬ҲڣҲûŪͷ
С֮ŦһûǿնϣȻͻһֱڡ
ı㲻ŮʱԨ޷֪򣬽߼Ѫ֮Ŧжϡ
ʱƺƳԨɻĴ𰸡
Ԩüͷһ߽磡
Խأ뵽̫ʼֹ̫ı߽磬ű䣬ǿϡޱȣòʺϸߵǻȺ
һЩǳưܵ˵Ѫս
ѵʱ򣬴˷ıҲȷֲźͱһŨǿ
ΪΪ̩̹Ϊʮ͵з籩
˵ˣֻһԱ߽磡С



һǧ߰ʮ 

ʮž͵з籩ɫ̩ţ籡ŵǿܡ
ԨһһѪ⾫ܣ˲ͬз籩
䣡䣡
ʶѪ⾫ܣз籩籡ײ
֡
ԹţԨץɷħͶ֮з籩
ͬٴݡ
Դﵽ룬ںݺǿз籩ǣҲݵǿ˳
ˣ
ֵİкǿɷħļУ˳شӶСش
ΪʵƿߵԨܵǵĻֺ̿ͺ¡
ɷħз籩ɲǣǿɷħħ궼·Ҫ˺ѡ
ǾЫβıӨǣôݵʱ䣬ƣ
꣬кɷħʹغţĩս١
Ź֣Ź֣
ҲڼУ·Ҳз籩ŵĴֲнһѪͻǵ
ಣಣ
Ԩ֪ɷɷħħ֮ԥԺ󣬽ɷħ͵һħŮаǳ
ʺϺɷħָ׳һܡ
Ժ󣬽꼱е˵ţз籩ܵĿ˵·Ѫ飬еسʱ䶺
Ԩһ£֮ջأɫ
ʮž͵з籩ǳ籡ǿܣԴ֮ƿصԨ춴Ȼ෴
ǰӣԴ֮ӪԨ춴ͼŨǿܡ
ҫӵĸ磬Դ˴Ԩİλаŷ¡
Ԩ춴Щз籩¡
µʱеĻѪܱ룬ܵз籩ڲҲ֪ĵǸ㣬δӡ
з籩ܴڣڵĻǣҲʱĥնϡ
ɣּɷħ֮еɷħн꣬ɻ
Ѫͬĳһ̳׶ѡ
ʧȥɷħ֮㽫ҵûͽ꣬Ҳʧȥԭ档
Ȼòʧ
ǣܿʹͻѪȥ̽Щз籩ͷ
ҲԹġ
ӳ೾̩Ƕһڿҫͣסҿɷħ֮ͷ롣
һѵĵҩʱ֮ǹЦѪڵʱͿռǵڡ˵ƿʱ֮ȻҲ֪εġ
ԡ
ӳ೾ָʮž͵з籩ǵ壬еԹͼҵ뿴浽ײʲô
ЦһɥҺɷħ֮һҲҴ˳
϶˾̾
Զ̩ϣԨͷޣҲڴЩз籩ͬڽ̸
˵ĶԻΪ˷ƿߵԨЩз籩Ҳ
һ
Ŀе֪Ϊǿս֮һĻ򣬱ʥ򣬱򣬱νǿսҪࡣ
֮ͬڣħ񱴶̹˹ʥͷֻеһ硣
ŨޱȣʺϹ
򣬺ڰɭ档
̩̹ٵĻ򣬼Ǻ֪磬ڰŨ綾ɳ
ǧҸȫΪŨ棡
ζʲô
ʥֻʺκ׿飬ʺĬrг顢ǧٰĹ壬Ϊ˪̴Ц޵
ȴʺǺеȺ
ұǴﵽһεȼģǰ˼ͬޣ٣
ΪǳһСأƯʯûνĽڡ
Ũһҵǿ޴ڣ˼µ壬ЩǳܿͽΪħ֣񱩵״̬
µ壬Ǻ;ͬܲסûþͻᱩС
ڷˡ
ûڵĸ;һ¶ڻ磬˲
뿪ŻȺҪرעġݺѾͷûһֱӻûеõ޲׵Ĵ࣬ı޷Ӧġھ壬Ҳ᲻
Ψǿ壬ޣ˼Ӧ˵ء
ǣﲻǴҲҪȾҲµİ취ӦܿľǣЩз籩ĴڣԴԴϵע룬һ磬δŨ֮ء
εƿָ۷ڵսܶԿ
Ǵħ񱴶̹˹
ӳ೾ڹ
ԨЦЦؿҵĺʦ֣ʱΪˣӦЧҵĶ̩ͷС
ƺΪסӳ೾ʵػӦ
ԨĬ뵽ͷ̩̹ޣӳ೾ĺǳ⡣
ӳ೾򡣬ЩӺǨƶľĽͷСΪȺϣһСꡣ
ǡ
ײСƺûнӳ೾򡵱ͬ࣬ǰǿūͺ¡
СܻᱣǣɱԺΪṩ
ȻСԶΪӳ೾еһȡ
̩̹ѪںɵĲ̩̹Ⱥһϵ֣̩̹һ
򡣬ʱ֮ûг򣬺̬в죬ֻϵѪܱ顣
ǱȦã̩̹
ǸãĶǴѹϮɱοǺѪԨԴϡӳ೾
ס
뵽⣬Ԩ̩ǵĿ⣬һ˿ζ
СӣԲбκε۷ڣԼĸ׳ƺмģ
һ̡
ն̨֮Уһ⣬䵽ҫǵĲͬѨȥ˽Щ
һ⣬һݼǣҲǵ֮ء
һվţܾá

һԨһɳѨ
㰡
̫ʼȻһЦε壬ºݼƻؼһ裬඼ˡ򣬺һʺϵ˶ǳתֻصִߣն̨С̩̹̫ʼЦ
ӳ೾أ
Цһᵭݵ̫ʼ̽ͷһ崦ĶѨһݴܸƽ֮һûкúøлңܿˡ
ұǱߡԨһ䡣
รڻ򰡡̫ʼЦţ˵ǱߣȥһڵӪ˵λɹˣˣ֧
ֵɵһսҪˡ
˽ʱԨ񣬾ӦԶڸ꣬Ǻӣ̫ʼ
ƮȻ¡һ׹غ󣬾Ԩ



һǧ߰ʮ Ӱ
ΰɽ׳ĲС߱ͻ
ͫгųҵĿȹâȻϹϾأԨһ
ȴû˵һ仰
һ˲ʹݲȵ̫ʼվһ𣬿Ȼ͸Եľ͡ݡ
ԨȻ
ţ֪ˡ
̫ʼʼ磬ȻһЦ󣬲˵̫Ѫ֮ȥʱ˵ʵҲһԡʱգ֪˭ԽԽ࣬ԼˣҲˡ
С
ΪĽ㵱ĺպսЩӱһֱ
㣬ƣ֧
̫ʼԼʵ˵
صͷһЦģ湧С
䣡
ŴصľѪǣһѪɫǳǺǻһʵѪɫɽ͡
ǧ磬磬Ĵںۼ
ڣǲ¸ֵɣڵ֪ˡ
̫ʼֿǸɽĶѨ˵Ǳߣ潥ʢЩѪħˣս׷˻ԴѪ½ԴѪ½ѪĻڣѪ򣬽Ϊһսս
һսҿԴͷǳŲסġ
̫ʼء
λṳֱ̂ǧ磬ε⣬ҲҪ˸
ݣֻħԨӫ磬ĸ硣
ҪﻮĶҪӵĵطʵ̫ˡ
ֵɲǰһǧ磬ˡ
ͬʱ֣˵ǼֵɣֵɵһսĹע
ڻһ㷢֣޲׵ļ׿ϣפصǺͼ˵Ҳδ֪飿УԨҲ˵ˣǿձ߽أ֡
Ԩ˵ʱɿ˸磬ڶӡ
ԼԼ䣬һĨӢͦӰ缯ǧɫħ͹һڹճɢڸصӿ
Σλ죬һȫ´򰾡
£Ҳȥŵ֪һ㡣ΣҪֵս֮͡ҲΪܳʱȷʵΣҪ
Ĭһ£̫ʼֵ·㣬ɾߣԭĽȻһжˮɡ
ˣȥ𶢽һҪС
ֵߣͷİɣܹġ
Եʮ㣬ߴԨڻ򼴿ɣصǴֵɡ
ܴ󣬸Դޱȳ棬뿪֮ءԨ뷨
û뵽㾹Ȼ˳ƿػ̫ˡ𼱣ʱˣڵܲǧĸǿߣ£̫ʼڰ֣Цű̬ĿǰĻҶԻЩɵġ
Ԩ˵ͷ
̫顢ʱǰûǿᵽڲսң׷״ӻˡ
ʱĿǰĸǻ飬Ҫ̫ࡣ
أɹɵڼƣôտĵطûֱ
Ԩ񣬺̫ʼ̸ʱеԨ̩Ƿɳ
ڿҫǣԥƬ̣
šԨ
ҰŻˡսûʼĻһְ˼żսʿȥǱһǳ
ָԶָһ
ʱԨԺУʱֳһء
оϣǿ½ͱ̽õģʺԨˡ
û⡣ԨˬشӦ
۾΢ɰͰ͵ǣƺһ˿Ц⣬Ļұ㻽
һʯѪܣſ³ҫǵһѨ
ĴʱҺͰεڻǴ˷δԨǸпǰĻ˵عڻˣ๹˽ķûԵЩңŲ֪ա
еն̨ûȶࡣ
أȻΪߣҪΪЩʲôġĴûǰǰѡһʵأҲҶǵһ滹ģýλ뿪ȴͷԸˡ
ҲȷصڻʲôλʲôˮʺȥѪ
ǣʹ뿪˻򣬽ȻƯǿձ߽磬ЩˣҲ֮ͨ̽أδִ̽
¿أӳ೾һʡ

Ԩһ䣬ҲͬһԨ£ԨǱߣνӰаΪˡȻϲһֱķϣҲ˳ŵ
ӻ뿪Ժ󽫻ʲôѡǲӰ忿ԨӰа񣬾ͲҸòĵˡ
˵ǵλںؽԴ֮ţӳ೾Ц
̴Цһڰ֮ȥˡУ¿ȰˣԺ󽫻ԽԽࡣ뿪Ժ󣬻ڸأȥԴԨüѾϵһ־ܲסջߣβ̴ЦĲ
ִƵԴ磬Դ֮и£֪롣
ӳ೾͵ؿ̩ǣ
ԨҲ˲Ӧһۿ߲ʵľ͹ţƱĳֲɵֵӲ˺һӡ
һ߸ɱŮ类㣬һ綪˹
磡
ԨȻɫն̨˲Ƶ̩ǣͿǾ߸ɱֻʣƤͷ壬˰ı
绯Ѫħȴ֪١
ˣƤͷǣ̢ܹצĶѻԲѣڵѪʣࡣ
ֻǿάϵ
ѪСأһˮѪȫɺˣˮӶˡ
·˲ϲɫ
ɫҲˣԺ۳̣һûˡ
ģѪСصˮ飬ͬޡ
ĳһɫ
λ𡣡
˵仰ʱƤЩŤ㣬ˡ⽫֮˵֪ͨĴڣ͹
ӳ೾ҲӿҫǸϹѿ޷رյĿӡ




һǧ߰ʮ 

̩ͨǵͨУƿӳ೾ķǿ˺һӡ
Ȼ󣬾Ȼ֮ˣȷе˵˼
ӳ೾Ժһֻ޳Ĵ֣ҫ߲ϼ͵ʱ֮ţܽǵӺϡ
ɫصأǵѿڣȴʲôҲܿ
֪ڻ򣬻Ҳµǵͼ
Ľںݵײ˿־ϵıü䲻Ȼ
򡣬ѩܺͷżޣͬҴҸԨᣬҲ𾪲
ħ񱴶̹˹뿪Ĵ˷磬ԺݵͱµĴڡ
ϲɱǿվޣҲԨᡢӳ೾򡣬Ȼܵѹ
һ߲ϼ⣬֯µĿռ䷨߮ǵѿڴȴʼղܽرգӳ೾һɫֻܷʱ֮šȻҵġ
ﶸȻɫ䡣
һվǵѿĿǰĿռ֮ܣסɡ
һֻ֣̽ǵ˺ѵĿӣʱٵɳѪ򣬽˺ѵĿ͹Ÿ̡
գ۹ӳ೾ľ޴߲ʹţͱԨûˡ
ҪƵҵѪǣҲͨʱ֮ţ̽Ǳߵսˡλƺû̫ľ⣬ȷǿҹҲӮʤ
ӳ೾Сƽ֮ɵ򡣬Ԩӳ೾ȵ˵ڻˣʹǱߣֵҲڵش
ĿǰδҲûԴѪ½ǲսʤ
ȻԨڹʿ
ա˪֮ļ˪ڱʯ̷Ĺǰƽ޲˵ҲôΪڳǿУΪ򶨵Ǹˡ
ʱԨǵĶԻԨַźѶ׷ڰԣһִֻĲ¡
ԨҪŪ״ҪȻѰ磬Ҫһֱԡ
ݣ
һۿɼѪ⾫ܣ͵ڣ֫ٺ
̺컯Ѫܣӿ밲ѪСʱˮѪصĴ˷磬
״̬İ磬ԡȪڣü
ϱ̢˺ۣ첲צ˿ڣڴҵƤӵϡ
ֵβָʳָֻʣ¹ǽڣѪ⡣
˿̣ųѪɫĻָۣͷĵذ׹ˡ
޺ڣŰ仯ĿиֳĹâ
ͻȻ䣬ǶԨǾ񣬶˲
֡
ﹾţ˵Ȼôһ˵ǿԹġУһͷС̩̹ǱѱˣùԹ
ѾоԨõԴѪˣӡС
Ϊβֱɱ򣬰Ԩ񣿲ͷСǲȫУԨһõѡ񡣡
ΪҪԶ
ͷʾ⡣
ҪģѾ壬ҪֱӶᲢԴѪҪԴѪ½ĵ۹ءӳ೾ɫأҪΪ̩̹볬Խ
оɹˣͻΪĤ֮ءռԴѪ½һʮޡ
ԴѪܻᷢѰ䣡
⻰һ˶ʱסˡ
ѪޣֳͫĹâƺΪڴµķ
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һѪʧ߰˰ˣʣ޼껹Ϊӯ
Щ衣
ԨƿѪĵԺ󣬲ʵǱ߷ʲô
ҡ
أԨ˸׿˵ĵȺͽ飬ȥһŵǳս˵õĻܼԨ
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λһҪΪΪ˲ϧѳݵѪħŮȻ
ڰҪڱԴͷƶţɱΪѪħĴħ
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ΪڻڣͷСҲע⵽׿˱Ԩ˵Ķˣȥӳ೾һ¡
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ðȥӦڻԼ˵ϣ͹Ϊ˲֪࣬Ҳšӳ೾һȻҡͷܿϧӵͨҲ֪ˡ

ѪСأѲʧˮӣһ֡
ҡ
һƼ΢ͷ£ŰеѪ⣬Ƶɡ

ռԴѪ½κδڴԴѪԴͷ԰ڵǸССѪأԨȵĺ



һǧ߰ʮ 
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ͳѪħȺռԴѪ½ͨ壬Ԩ
ԨͰˡ
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΢΢ǽֹâ˾Ͳ⣬ƺ󲻵ΪȻԨѰ
Ԩüͷ֮ӯѪܣƤйͻǺܲҪ
ԨνľƲ죬Ѫħԡ
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ԸȥΪһﶼˬжԹͲﹷҧ
Ұ
ͬһ仰Ԩ˵
һ̩ǣһԨ̫ʼ˵

ȹЦԵú˷ܣҲнգٺ٣ȻҲнգʵ㣡ӽթĶúһ̤·
ӳ೾˼ţ׿һǲǽˣָʹѾͷȥͨѾͷڲһѶѵ͹ģ
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׿Ķ̫ʧҡҡͷ
֮һ˾ţҪҪԱ;
ҪҪ޳ɹִԴѪ½ǰǰϵϡ
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á
Ԩʾͬ⣬ûϵԴѪ½Դͷ˵ʹޡ
Ӫļˣȫ˳ۣ޲Դͷʧ

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һߣ̫ʼһ㲻⣬΢Цŵ˵ͷ
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ɡ˾£Ҳ׼ûкս׵뷨
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̫ʼǹ۶Ԩ˵ҲԨ

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ǿգԨ񣬾ȻһֳƵѹ
ǵɫģħӰԾ֮ӰħӰȻ衣
һ峺һǵϪӣϸ黨裬䵽ħӰա
ԴͷִƵ꾫£ƺѱ͸ķʵʻֱ֮ھ
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̫һս壬ԶǧظȴûǧġǺӶɿڡ;
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úûţڲúɡԨ
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ףΪԨᣬӳ೾򡣬һϲˡļһȷʵǱ޳ܰ



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ֵɵǱˡʩչĽƺҲƲҵϽȻϽɫһ㲻ҡ



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Ϊ˺ݵǰȶԶ˭𩣬褣ǿ
е۷壬ֻҪúԶòںݵķչ谭˺ݵĽ
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ƵİҲ࣬Ͽеģ˭ȥǰ췭ظúɽѣݡ
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Զܶٵҽġ
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Գ֪ģ½Ϊ컢ûжš
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ץԳԽԽòԾĺ񰮴󰮣ԳһҲûġ
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䣡
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СǸϽɫǹڲصѪأС
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Ԩ̾һ֪û壬ն̨˲ǷѪɫڡ
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ԴѪ½ĽڣһѪԺΪҪٴηմ˽磿
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׳һԣҲǿҲڸ̡
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⣬ҲΪǿǺУڣ˭֮
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غ໣
ʮǣһĻڣǷ춯ص·棬֮ս컻أȡ̹˹Ϊ˼ǿ



һǧٰ߰ʮ ϧû
ɫܣŽĻУڵѪɫء
ѪĽĻرΪ˵ɫ·ԴѪ½ҫð
ѪܣǾһ޶һȻͳˡ
ӿԺЩѪܱĨкۼȡǱ˴˷ڵʵƿߡ
ԨӰҲ޳ɾһ˿ӡǡ
˿̣ԴѪ½еԨǼλħ񣬶ʱоˡ
Ԩһͼ˪ʱ͸ΪɫĽڡ
Ѿ˴˽磡

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˪ǺݱߣһǽڵĴɣȻǰԳ赲룬ͺԶΪȻͬ˵Ĺϵ
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λҲǶĹܽѪħӵӵĶǼ˪ǾͲԹԾͷˡ
ǣָ󣬲ܻعԴѪ½ļ˪λðɫĽ⣬ȻûΧ
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٣
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׿˻һɺ磬Ҫ죬ֱԨǵߴȥ
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׿˾һ㱣ҵ־ͼ䣬Ǳǿд۸ģŤ˼롣

ѪɫӣȼǰǵѪɫ飬໥ѰţѸٶ
Ϊ׿ʱе̳
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ݣ
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ʶǻعԺ˲׷ʲô֪ųɵѪܺͺ֪ʶѱ鲼Ԩڡ
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ȴûоκεķ粨˻
ûѪܿõ־ǣóķʽͼͨԨơ
ǣ㳤ֱأޱ˳ؽԨꡣ
Ȼ󣬱ûȻ



һǧ߰پʮһ 
ն̨ϷԨɫƽнһ˿졣
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ãһǣԴͷԨֲ˼
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Ԩǣ˺ע׷ԼϣȻһЦˡǡҲˡ
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Ԩǵ壬ԵѪɫӵûǹɼķⶳ
βѪħˣһǻңʶǱһֲַԼ˭·ֲʵ־ء
ȻʶѣˮʣԨķˡ
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ЩѪħ˵Ժǵĳ·һѪɫ绮
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вٰ˼ѪѪħսʿеİǱ߳ǿն̨ϷֽԨʱ׷ɫϿҵع
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֪ʲôȻԨı仯˵Ĵ⡣
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һŻļǧǳͻȻ鲼ɫ棬˶޵Ļħӿ
ǳΪ˻ĳ˵һħǡ

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ûнڵ⣬İǺڣֻһ貵ĹӼ
ͣ
ձ׵ض
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һѪ쳤۵Ԩ¶ĸ첲ֱۣ羧Ө͸챦ʯǧҫ
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һֱŵΣһţվϡ
ŵĺ󷽣͸źޣһء
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һĻʨӣأź·ŵĽɫ¹
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ڶϡŹֵ׳۹е޹ǴеԾľ죬޵Ĺȡ
ܼĸޣϻȳɽϵûЩڽ
ԨĿߣʱǸ磬ؿɽʱ

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쾳ǰԨͷɫľ¹еĻʨӣ̫ܣֻɽ򣬾׷¶ηı顣
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ﱳľ޴ɫ͸ػεһȦȦɫ󺣳ϫɢ
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壬񽣵Ľ꣬ԴѪ½һӸоˡ
⣬ԴѪҲ·ͻӡ

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ЩͨͨȻԴѪ
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֪ѾˣЩһνĺͼҵ;׵Ƿ룬֮ڡ
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¯ҽˮޱȽӽǹɼףҲ֮ĵԴ

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򣡲Ӧþ򣡡



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ԨȻ
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û˭Ԩ̲֮ԴͷԺ󣬾ȻܽǱ
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˪컢ͬҲ⣡
ô΢Сһ㣬ӿֵسӰѪĶ

һӰѿķ϶̤ӢϣҲžȵѣܹˡĿⶨԨϣҲڵԨȻܺӲˡ
ӳ೾ȡšӺݸ̫ʼ
Ŵ˿Ԩսٵλն̨ǸϽǹ̫ʼƬ̺ĵૣôϤһĻ
ʱһйٻƵս
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ʱĺԶԶûнյĻȨֻһվţһϯλû
ڽа侲ˣΨеնߡ
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ÿһΣһս۽󣬻Զ̫УĬ
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ͻȻ裬̫ǿиԤʱֹ˺ֻܵȺľ棬֪ٻء
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Ԩǰʵ̫ʼƶϳģԭԴͷ򣬾ֻһӡ
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ƥĽɫԣ
Ͻɫǹž޴ɫһԨӪѪɫ磬ЦŪ
ǸϽɫǹһָͷǹ롣
С໺š
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ѪɫĴҪ
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΢΢һεն̨ʹ绺ŵǶ
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Ѫɫ磬Ҳҡһ䣬߲ɫ
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޴Ǿõʵظڡ
ǧٵѪâĳŲţҪûʱÿһƬë
ëУİѪ˴ںţȫһͨ
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貹ڵĹ̶ܵĲòŶ䣬һҪܿ۾ƺֻ˲ܵ
ƬѪɫľ޴󶯾Ȼ˵Ŀ⣬ǵߴӷƿԨѪɫռ䡣
ֻһ˶ĹѪɫڽ͡
һѸٱѪ࣡
ȻһƬѪɫռ䣬еѪɫע뵽ŷŴġࡱڳܡ

Ԩҫ۵Ǿն̨ķһˣŷ׳ġࡱ˶ܿѪܣâն̨ǿšࡱ
Ҫͷ

Ԩһֻ֣ǿץһץ
ԴѪ½ļܣ˲仯һɭɭȥץĶ类Уְǿŷġࡱ
ŵġࡱһɺܵע룬ƺȻͣ˲١
Ϊסң򣬼ǹɼİҲסң磬Ҳû˭סң
ŭХȴǿšࡱдƶеķ
Ȼÿһռ䣬ŭ
߾ߣȥδȥδΪУΪнЩļӳ֣ܽڴ˵أΣҶҪɱ񣡡
ֻҪ򣬲ԴѪмϵǿգ˭ҵĶ֣
䣡¡
ƶеķΪɫĵ硣

ಣ
ԨıŴͶ֮ԽһǺӣ֪׷ŷ
ϣԴѪնȨܸܴ˽ϸ΢仯
ѿķ϶һ͸ζǻļźޡ
ӦŴ˷ء
ͻȻʶﾫĴķǺն̨֮ͬҲհأ
Хеķ׵ѿӣЩ׷˵޴ߡ
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ԽأԨ뵽Ƭɫܺڣһص쾰Ƿ񴦾
˵ˣվҪȥġ
ڵļҪһ͸֣ǹһǻڶ޺
ѵҪЩһͻƣΪһ񣿡
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ǿշɣѷ죬Ǵ˷صı߽硣
ӳ೾ԽٱӨĽڣͲ߲ϼ⣬Ԩıࡣ
ޱƶ˵бȻſռءɣĳֿռ챦뵽˵롣
Ԩڣӳ೾ֵô
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Ҳߵķһ㡣
ǿеЩӰ˵ĿУ̬ԵΪ
ȴ˸еֺ̿;
һɱǸˣ
ķӰһţһȥ
һ̣ǻʶҲˣҲ֪Ҫعˡ
ȴû˸ҳȥ



һǧ߰پʮ ĿԶ
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ˣҵȷҪ뿪
ΪǰԨǾشԴѪ½Ժûж֣
ûִɱԴѪ½ǹ˼ǹɼв֪ǳԴѪ
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ˣҲֻĿֺķ
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籣ż˪ǰ㡣
Ԩǿıֹ̬򶨣̫ʼ֪ûѣ֪Ȼˣȴû֮ǡ

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չֳȵʤһ̫ʼأѹҲű
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˵ʱͷʱ֮ԨĵҪа
ԨܹѪǿգ
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ӳ೾ڶ˼飬Ժи棬Ԩ񶼶˼־η
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УϣĻȼѪһ㡣
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ͷò׸ʱ֮ӷһ𣬾ͷҪΪĸ
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ǹɼȫЭԨĻָٶȣԶԶ˪
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ЩԨĲ֣ͨȥ˽˷ǿա
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һѪɫĻУĲӼ䣬ƬѩԨһǡ



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̩̹ҲɹأԨĳϧȴںݡ
̩̹ûôһ᲻Ǹڶ磿



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ʱЩŶɽҲӿҽ档
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ҵԨ۾һ
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֮죬ĸԶ̷ɽŲסܿƵطɳ˲ʧС
Ȼܶһᣬ˭Լأ
źߵĳŪԨ񣬾ȻҲ˽ȥ



һǧ˰ ˾
Ԩ˲ͱ¿Ľ
ǵڶν뽣ȴȻͬ
ǿս֮һɽ´ĽڲأŨƣɾһ㡣
ʯڣһĵУһ΢Цš
ıһ޴ʯŽţŰȴӡһ
һѪɫĺʯͼţ·Ҫ۵ңԶԴͷ
Ԩ񣬿ЩϪ뺣ͼʱ·ǧ޺ǵʶԺ
һָֻ˲䲻Ӱ졣
ǴȻܹ˾ӵݱѡ
һʯǰĺߣ̾ţӾ״̬
˾ӣ
ԨĿɫԽأٴοʯϵѪɫ˾ӣǲǻһ֣ӣ
ӣԺ˵ǱߣӾͽ˾ӣԶĬrˣҲͨ˾ӽ򡣡
תһִʯţ־뵽ͼе˾ӡ
ֲŪ£˾ӵĺˮ
ͣ
һƺɫ·˾ڣĳɣһӾġ
ƺɫһֻץţ̷ɽǵ񲱾ơ
޵ھ۷壬λ̷ɽ֮û
ǱץסĲݼǸƺɫס
Ĳ
סǣ̷ɽȻôͣʶͷ类ʱ

һӣһ˲񷶥ʯͷУһ˲̷ɽ񲱾ڿС
̷ɽڴ˷ϵˡ
򶨵ԨڽڲĹȹ۲һ£дţĸǽڡ
ĸоϣڵǽ롣
һѨңɢܱߣдҲҵš
ƯţǲԻңûбߵֶŵ
񣬱ڴ˷ıҲɻԴ
岻ڣһˣзؾ۵ġ
ܿ죬ȻͿϤͣڵĶ
ǷֱѨţŨڳ˯һ㡣
ȻҲһƺɫǶѨĶ䡣
䵽ͷǣǵʶСأǵ񡭡סڼȡڵ
λﵽھǿߣľţûڵ
˵صţţΪȴ񲻾ú󣬾ͱЩߡ
ͣһЩԨϤǿߣҲͬ¡
ϴӾ󣬻ڵٱһߡ
бڽµĴޣ񶼱ṩ
룬Ԩ֪ǰĺߣʼٸߡ
ϧˣĴ£Ҳ֮ġλĬrӦҲ˹ϡ
źҡͷ
Ԩûżڣϴ̬֪ͨܡ
飬ǳһ̣ʹڵꡣʵκһ׵£ܳǿ߶ȡѾε㣬Ҳ򡣡
̸ºŨ
ҿ壬ѪСزû񡣵ͷ¶ѪζоѪħĴħûв´ǾȴﵽǸ߶ȣĿǰ˱
˵Ѫ̵İ磬ͽɱΪħˡ
İ磬񣬾˵ģ֮һߡ
ңһ֡
ЦЦָ߷·֮һڤӶĹ壬ڻξһ̣ѡֻĴĥãҵɹͻƣΪһ񡣡
ң࣬ߵ·ͺݳǲͬġ
ߺȻĬ
ðκ¿˵ңͰĴڣ˵֮·һֱķʽȻǧӺϵƺ˶ֻһ֡
Ǿ꣬ͻƵԪɾߡǵǵնΪɱ
ңкԶ񶼸㲻ףΪλ̶ϵ
ڴ֮ǰûйûɾߣǶɱ·߲ͨΪͨȥ񣬾Ψһĳ·
Ȼˡ
Ԩ
Ԩ˼תıȴޱ仯
꣬½ΪԪһ̣ȻɱΪˡԪħҲǱ̹˹ˡ
Զʱڣ屻ھ۷壬һֱҲͻƵİ취
ֱһܵ˴ħ񱴶̹˹ĵ㲦ԽһأͻƵԪ񾳣Ϊָ˷
Ȼ۷ǿߣʼ·ס
ûǲǻбĳ·ںԶͺǰӿֳһſҲͼٱĵ·Թϵ
նʧˡ
ö֮ҶʶΨһĳ·ֻɱ꣬Դ˳Ԫɾߡ
󸣬һ𣿡
ԨĬ˼ʱЦһһûйرգǳŵĶߺȣҿ˵ģ㵱ڿ־֮ĥ¾ʱǵ񡭡ǱǬĹ˺ġ
һǣԨƤӵ¡

ҡͷһ̾
ಣ
µ۹λŮɭɭأǸ߳
վ˺ߵԣͫҰأǰԨ
ȴδһԡ
Ԩ΢𣬡㣡
ңŮ̺ɯһˣСڶ
УѾܵ󸣬˿̾Ȼͺһȫ½
ԨֻȻĸоͻȻǵǬĹ˺ʱ˵ǼгǸˣԨ
ʦ̷ɽܷͶͬҽж
ԥһ£ź߹󣬡ҽ㣬͵ɯǰҽ㱾һùڵĶݺ巣̷ɽΪҪûΪɯ˱𡣡
̷ɽһڴˣʲô󰭡ߺЦͷ
ʦ
Ԩһ㵣û뵽۹λӢŮؾˣ˺Ϊʦ
ǣԨأЦʡ



һǧ˰ ;ս
ɫĮ
վںߵԣһֿİ˵Ŀ⣬ǰԨһ
ԣǰԨûʲôøС
Ԩݳɬ
ġӢæ˷͡ϢϢأĵٴԺ󣬱λ߸ˡ
кϤ࣬ԡӢ󸣬ڵĳɾͲס
һεʵԨеȣҲȻȻˣѵĹ
ڿ־֮رǬĹ˺ʱλĹ˵һЩ
ֻǡ
Ԩҡͷ֪ɯ̵ҵĸλŮǺѶкøС
ʦԼͺá
ʹͷǵĽڹҲѪ֮ƫƫһ类︽ĹС
ҵ˼ˡǵٶʹйء
ۣƺ࿴Ԩһ۶Ը˾Īʲô鶼᲻ˡ
ţܺá
ߺЦͷȴûҪڽڣƵԨĴ㡣
ڵʱ򣬾󱻹ԺûжԲܼɱ֡СأҲҵıͽܣĺ۰
ˡ
ԨһҾڽĨɱ
ͻȻһָ
Ԩ񣬺ı˲ؽϵ

ⲿ
ն̨ϷԨԵ̷ɽɫ࣬ʧһλڴޣ¶ĺߡ
̻ͨľ巣ŪŷΣ̫ʼ˿ҲѸ˹
ߣ
۾ƺλ̻Уûʲôͷĺߣվڽ
ңڳһԨԵļơ
ԭ޹ߡ
̫ʼǣһɽͷ;תŵŨܣٿ˿ߵ̬ƳһЩͷȱһȱʧ񣬺¿Ľϣ㴦ڹʲô磿
֮Ԩȡ
񣡡
һ񣡡
巺رɫ
ع飡
ն̨ϷԨһͼýеǵ񣬴ӺߵǰҪն̨Ӧ˲ն̨ڲ
Ȼߵһָͱؽӵ类Ľˡ
ǵƲطδԸطն̨
Ҫʲô
̫ʼһشݣʾҲؽźЦеغͺߴ𻰣Яˣ϶ǴЩʲôĶ԰ɣ
ҪʲôǰԨѾ˵ˡȻҲˣȻѸоֵɵķλ
վڽϷĺߣȻЦǵֵɵһսƣֵʼղҲͶû취ħӰֻһӡǡ
ֵҲҵ
ͷһߵıʯϱƺΪ˾ӡѪɫͼʵٶȺȻӿ졣
һ峺һǵϪӣʯͼԻ
Դͷ硣
һļǧʯħӰХţǧƵĽ׷
ÿһ欵ħӰ඼ϸ黨裬ʵϪӡ
˿̣ħӰеһմ黨裬ͻȻܵ˾ӡӰ죬һӱޱȵۡ
ģǵħӰ黨ҫƻɫĹâǱͻȻע
һľګֵɣһ񣬡ҵˡ
ৣ
ʶλüĳ룬Ľɢüǿߣͬĸܡ
ֵȫˣ
һ·˻磬նΪεĽ⣬һǺէֱ֣ӵԡ

һǺӣǧʯ룬ɢݳħӰһϢۡ
Ϊһǧɣ紣ȺǼΡħӰ
ħӰ̤ϪӵĽ֯㣬ЩѵʯΪǳһ绯ħ
ȻħħŮͬļħĻӰŮȻħŮ
ڶħͻȻʯǳ֮Уڲͬʱգڲͬ磬һʹ˹
͵ǧɵħӰС
꣡
ձնѵ죬ǧɵħӰǻħǸǳһ˲仯촷۳
ϪħӰǻ·һ˿ڣȴûѪʡ
һɫĻ棬ֵɵʶȼֵɵʶλȥ
ңҲͬ㡣
괼쳹ֵܱߣҲ쳹Ԩ̫ʼڵķλ

һӰӽڲʯϵġ˾ӡ̤һͷǳ۵ĺ췢
ħ񱴶̹˹ĺһ㡣
òΪڣٶܴ󣬲۾ӻǺĺ촽ѰŮҪһš
Ȼһȴ˸оЭá
췢һ˫ɫз·ħӿȼա
͹µŲ֪ʲôɵףֱң͸ǿƺ
Ĭr֮⣬ؼһλ񡣡
ٿһ˺һۣͿ˺ߵľ磬Է·
ԭǴ߳ĹѹǰûʲôԶֵɷĵƿأĲѰ
˵ʱ¶ŮӣԨգգۡ
ݵʱֻȥڡţʶһ£ǳƺΪꡣأȴԽҰ櫡



һǧ˰ 
櫡
ȻⲢǺõ֡
ħ񱴶̹˹櫣ӦħȺĳƺơ
˾ƮȻ𵶵վڽĻֺ빬櫵ĸͷȺ߶һأѪʣȫɽӰ졣
ȻǺǺӣһοռ˲ƣһִ｣
Ǻ߱ʯϿ̻ġ˾ӡǲ˼顣
櫣һעĿҲؽǿʷŮӡ
һ̣һ̵ĽۣڲŵɭȻ⣬ƱǿĨȥˡ
ߴģΪɽ̼䱻Ϣħˡ
ߵȴڽһƿĴ󲿷Ȩ˺ͺ൱ͳߡ
ɽͬʩӰͨ衣
ںԱߵʹͷ󸣬𾪵ؿͻȻðİ櫡
еİ櫣ͷػâҫܳ
ȻһԲλС
ڣΪǿһλʦ߹;УѾرīȾˡ
ʦһҲ櫽ȵˡ
ôһŮӣ뵽ʦԺƺʦҲûзֻͬԨº͵˵
Ԩ˳
ͻЩԹ

һ۾Ϳˣ̷ɽ񲱾ƺ֪ͷͳ˵Ƚ
ſ֣һŻҰɫĹڣ峺ǵĺн档
ĺȻһ
ֻǲ̷ɽЩڶʶܵĴټһ㣬ȿֺطɴܳ
ȻѸٵиĻҰ׹ڣĽ֯㡣
ٿһЩĽڽ߰Ĵޣػɡ
Ԩ˲һǡøΪ׽һġ
ʾʱԵ󷽣ںʱڱԼ˵кߡһҪģӦǱںݵҪĬrʳ϶Ҳİɣ
Ȼ
ԨЦŵͷڽıವһ͸ұ롣
ǰΪһš
ħ񱴶̹˹Ƿǻԣôǰİ櫣ȻǱ̹˹Ůġʦá
ͱ˲һ
Ųȱʯأץն̨һο˺ߣݵֻشȨҲ뽻աҺڵѡһֱĬrҲֻĬr
ü
櫴Ӻֵɵսѭ˾ӵϢԴͷǷսͻȻڴˣúҲЩ⡣
ԭȵĴ㣬Ϊֵָ櫵ԺֵɾӮʤ
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ǣ櫲һڵƣһ׻ˡ
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Ҳˣͷ۵°ͣƬ̣󸣬Ȼݡ
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ɵѾͷְﲻʲôæ
Ҳͬⲻͬ⣬ֻһӣͱ͵ʱĶѨ

ԭĶѨţ͵عϣΪɭ׵ţѨһû
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ٺ󸣬ȥ󣬵ֵǱߡ
Ŀ¶ɫ
ͣͣ
ãɫұУһƽâŤ
ѣĿĽâԨߺͰ櫵棬ұڱݳʱ侫һӨˡ
Ȼֵɵ
ûͽˡ
һλֵûгֽɱһâ˵񽣣ȻźʦҺλսñԤҿǱߣȴ˲֣
򽣹۵ֵɣһ̬̽
е⣬ڴȥ
꣡
ںԶ£´⽣ڲ⴩͸Ϊ޴ķ䳲
꣡꣡
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Σ
ͻȻУһ߶ż·Ľ⣬һ߽ӽǧٿ׵ĽȻһз˽ȥ
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ͣ
εЧʸ죬ⶴ˽һ˲Ʊ㵽ڣλŻڵ
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ЩԶķԸǰڡ̻׽Ĵޣһһθ˳
û̫ãͱÿյˡ
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Ǻ⣿
ΣҲǷѾ˼ò״⽣൱ڱֵɸƻ˴롣
޸ԭĹЧģҪһ
ؼǣЩĽڽߣȫԺҲԶԷ壬һġǵ
ǰ¡
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ǿһˣһ˵Ľ⣬ļٷɳۡ
ֵı
ߺǰҶԶҪԤҵԼսҳʼֱԼսڼҲκ˴
λ̧֮ţ͵ضء
䣡
ں߿캰صУټһ壬һĽǿߵĶ绯Ʈĵ˻ֺ빬Զȥ
󸻹ХڵĶѨ
̫ʼ˵УֻСȵʯ飬ͻȻѿ
ֻʣһɭ޵ĸʯնͣʯ񷶥Ҳʵʯء
߸ҰɫĴʯ˵ãȴյûǽڡ
Ԩıһߴİ櫣ֵɵ񣬻пŰСȴϡѰĺߣʹ˳ǰ
ѿգֻʣһûǽĵãĸˡ
񾳣
һ񣡡
ߣȻǺߣ
۵ĺߣꡢԨֵ֮䣬ͻȻԵôĳڣôĲͬѰ

ȽڵھɣҲΪĲ㣬ǧķ
ֵɶǧĽһս̫ûء
Ԩᣬٱǿߣб³µȨҲԸط˵ء
γİ櫣ȻðԨصĺߡ
Ŀעӡ



һǧ˰ а

ֵɵִͫһƬڣ׻ħȼա
Ǿ߾Ө񣬻Ϊһѩ׽⣬뵽֫ٺջʶεһµĿֲħ
ĿޱŰ櫣øлߡ
͸Űİ櫣Цݲãͷ˵ˡûûһʯϷ˾ӺӦͼû취һ
꣡
׳ǻǼ֪ʲôʴףϵѿѸٵβͣ쳣
óûױܵ˴Ҫ
ߣˡ
櫳ź΢Ц̬΢΢Ƿ⼥ҪǼʱ뵽ͼڵ˾ӣ׾ͻˡҲδܵסǿ֮ҲҪѲƤ
Σ
ʶ˵æ˾ֵɵһԾֵɡ
ķѣҲȥֵˣֲ֪˵ʲôˡ
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ԨͻȻ߱ΨһڵʯţϷѪɫ
Ȼ˹ĸо
ڵĺԶܹͨʯϵ˾ӣ򿴵飬ֱӹ
仰˵ƿصʯţֱܹͨ

ӡʯŵ˾ӣԵĺˮһƺҪԴͷģѪɫϪӶʱʻ
ֵ߳ɹ˹֣Ǹ˵ҲǷ¡
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ҲڵģнڵĴɡ
巣ΣĶͣոձȵЩǿߣʧֿʼˡ
ߣ
ָͷüģȴ޷ֹʧڽĸоʡ

һһƥɫԣҫ˾ӡ
ʵ˾·ǧǧҫΣ׷εأڵȺ˻ӿ롣
Ļ˾ʱͲͷצһס¡
˷ܵؼХţ缢ǧޣò׵õʳ

λΪﵽ˼Ů壬аˣȻ㣬ԺеĻҲʧ
˾ӣ֮ʴ
üͷ壬૵˵ħǿվ޲Ӱ졣Ԫ񣬻֮Ҳ̫Ӱ졣
˵ʱԨע⵽£ش˾ӡ
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𽥱ΪҰɫ£ȫܽΪ񾳡ݵ壬ֲħαڵص׵Դ꣬Ӱأ
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ɱԪ񣬲ĥǣͲĴֻúߵ棡
㺫ߵ뷨ǺԶ˼
ԨһӨ׵ն̨ɫűùĺߣ˵Ƿ£Һ֪㾿˭ٲãҲһΪ壬㣡
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ԴͷֻǺݣ־֮شĵط
ݵֻںڲһ˿򡣡
ԥһ£¶أͷ
ĵúݵ֮꣬һЩĺۼ
壬صػꡢĴǱߵĺۼͻϵԵıһִ˻ξͲصҲΪ˰ǱߵӰ졣
Ȼú˵仯Ϊ˷ֹݱȾϵǺңΨͻƵԺ󣬲ǺӡӰ졣
ھĴޣ㹻ǿ󣬱һͬûļҲᱻֺ
ԺݹڵСʹĦİ櫣˺ݵļ䣬ϱ̹˹Ľ̻壬͸˰صࡣ
ͨΪĺߣӦǱͷϴˡ߲ҪΪ򣬽һҪͨЮƺݵ壬ֱӸıϵ
ѾںԶˡǳڲһ־Ĵˡ
ԵЩǣĬrҲȥˣҳٳûϣͺ߲ܼͬסԼǺͱġ
ݣ
Ԩеն̨Ϊһɫƿ˾ӵĺߡ
ʧٴʱ˾ʵͼڣٺЦǸܸҵ



һǧ˰һʮ Σ

ѪɫĺˮӺ߱˾籡һ谵ǿգ˲仯е
ˮʵһֵȴӰ֮ꡣ
Ԩն̨̳һ˾ӵĺˮˢʹһʯ塣
ûΧǽĵãҲȻһɫʣ绯ɭ޵ֻء

Ư˾ӣȡ
񣬺ȻѪɫĹĻ֣类ɡ
ʮٱذĴڣЩżսʿҲͬѪɫĻơ
أ
һһ壬ͻȻѪɫĺˮɳҲȥˣԺͽԶȥ
ȺԶꡣ
ޣ壬кܶҹˣ˿ΪǣɫľȻȴᳵ·ȥһЩǳ
ǵУЩû˽Ϊǳ·¥䡣
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Ҳڶǿߡ
ǡ
ŮٱĬĬ۲Ƭ̣ͻһ̾ɫİ峤أɿʲô
ؿЦŵͷ
ʮǰٱࡣ
ʮǰ
ԨԺУȻȻظֳ۷սʿΧŮʵĳ
һ·ɢ𲨹ĲŮʣ;ݻ٣յ
ûκ⣬ʮǰ飬Ĳ
Ȼ󣬼ȫⳡѡ
ߵĲл꣬ƺĳصĴ£뵽˾ӡ
ʮԺǹֽ֣֮˾ڣԭĸ˻

ѪɫĺƯŵţɢ
ʼټһܵߺ˾ȾҪΪ־֮ذء
У񣬻л˾ӡ
ħǿվ壬Ҳһ

˾ӵĺߣֵɴкҵȷǷͷͷһλڣѾЭ顣ҽعݣѵѺͻȥִƺݵֻء
ݵ壬һֱȥҲúһ㣬ҹ
Ŷˣֻ顣򣬾һתɵĵطҲΪ˴˽񡣡
ϸ
ѪɫӣһЩǳ͸ʮǳлɫĽγɡ
нǳϣȥ꣬类˾ϴӹĻš
ûǳһſӣȴĳһ̷ѿɱ䡣
£ۼ꣬Ҳɢӡ־֮صԴͷں飬ŴȥĻЧ¡
ħǿվ⣬ǿյĸǻȺĺۼ
ֵɽɴ
ֵɱͲ˼ߣҲûʲôӦǴš
Ԩ뵽Դͷ֪һĻ档
Ҳڴ˷ʱڣʹǸҲѪ޵ĵ
ѵڰ߳ΪߣƵ£

ħǿվޣԪΪܹѣ
úǰ˵
ֵվڿտĵУ񲿷ֻʧƺû̫Ӱ죬ֻ˾ڵĺߣֱԲ˵Ҳ㡣
ʱδǸ˵
Ҳһ񡭡ѡ
Ĭһӵİ櫣ųâŤͷ˿Ԩں˵ɨˣû߹֣ûΪҵаպľһġ

̾һǿˣߣ˾ӣȫǱҶ
ԼײһԨ
ԨȻ
ֵɣнڵЩľ񣬽̫ʼˡҾ纫ԸҲǰһæȥһĬrɡţұҲǴһ̽ŪİģҪȥġ

λɾ꣬һ˵꣬һ
Ȼ˾ӡ
ħӰɫ˾ӵǣ·Ѫɫĺ
ˮ˲ͣͣڵʧҲȥֹ
˾ڣĳأ͹˲ͽˡ
ۣۣ
񣬻ǿ߻ǵѪɫĻݰ
䣡
ҵ𵴣˾ƮݵѪɫˮʱ䱻ջأЩӰӣҲʧĸɸɾ
ǰֻܿʣôһյĹ˾ͼʯš
ȻҲûߡ
ǰĹ쳡Ⱦ͸ƺֻһʵξѹûз
ֻ꣬Ӻֵɵսгȥѹƺߡ
߾Ǳġ
ðκ̫ʼһ˳ĬԶѵǺ䣿ȻĻΪΰźǰ֣
ֵҡͷҲ䡣ûȥҲҳꡣ
̫ʼЦʱֵɫ΢䣬һ뿪ǧ磬ͣǰӰ
˵ģûʤ֮ǰκǲ뿪ǧġ
ǧĹأֻܽܳ
ֵɽȼ
ǧ룬ЩˣʱͷƤ顣
ĲأľȨȾҪӣΪֵɵһƽ⣬ϣ׹ߡ
ৣ
һնصĽ⣬׷·еĲأѪ䣬һľ̼
һҽУ̫ʼ˾ң
巣ΣħǱǿߣΣ



һǧ˰һʮһ ֵ
ţոû
˶ڳ˼źߺǷ򰵲ŵ񣬺ǻĻǣΪλܵ˾ӵƣ
ǿվ޺ħԪô˾ӣ
Ҳ˼ͻȻ򣬽ʲôʣĬrܲڶʱ
ĺܶ࣬ƽϵҲܶࡣ
ƫƫֵһŲ롣
һ򽣵ԴֻȻǧ˹أǰһȺûߣĽ
ҷӵȫ֮
һն
ѡѰȥǧ뿪ģ嵱еǿߣĲأ׵ıɱĿꡣ
ǿصһ̲޵еĽ⣬Ƭƾճֵïܴ֣һ޴ľ̳ɻҽ
ضʱѪգһεδɫľѪ顣

λùİ峤ֵɵһûǰ˴ΣˣǾѪעľ䡣
ͭ޹ʱ֣׸𣬽ֵһ¡
֪Ĳأ޴ĹײڣͷŨһϢ
ԨȻն̨վڿյĵУ֪ôˡ
û뵽ֵɾȻҳ

ԨһԼͽһϵУȰȰ
ɮ濴棬Ͼ˪ҲǽڵһԱսĿǰԴѪ½ˡ
ֵɴˣҲû̫⣬෴һЩ塣
ֵɣûӣ
ȻûȰ˵ɽһѪٲ䣬ֵŭĿ
ৣৣ
ŵֵɣԺλûֲָΪ貵Ľֻ
ĿֱָǱλżǿߡ
ǱЦţȽħ֮ᡱ׳һˮ
ħˮУһֲĽ⣬ﵽ׼ʥˮⶴһ
Ǳƺһħ͡ħ֮ᡱڣ䵽ħ̥
ħ֮ᡱ˲ƮԶ
ٱڵһλŮǿߣһλżսʿҲǴǧģҲûֵɵĹء
λûǱǰ˺ͻɹǱ촦ˡ
Ժֵɣ˳ܽһҪնɱĶǿյ塣
ǿĲ֣ȻǱȻλżŮ塣
ؼʱȣ̫ʼͭ޹׾һ
ںݵħǱΪ˽ֵɵƢԣڿֵɫʱбֶζ˳
ڶķɢǱһ̹˹ʹ͵׼ʥһء

Ԩǵ÷룬ᰴסˡħ֮ᡱ

Ԩҡҡͷλڵƺûս˼Ҳûڻͻ͡
ǱΪħϻڵһӣֵɻ
ֵɣҲǽڵˣ
ۿֵɲ𻰣ݳƢȭͷһλɡ
໨֮ԣ
ھΪԣ̧ͷһͼεصȭͷЮűҵй
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һ佣âܱɫ䣬γһƬͷǿչ
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䣡
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С磡
С໨
䣬½ĴɣһԱشæ
ֵɣ㻹ûŪ𣿡
һƬ½ذľ޹Ϸ̫ʼҲŭˣ㼴㲻˽⺫ԶҲôӺ߿ˣǱߵĳĬԶҲԶû˽ģҲԶΪݵı
Уϸһ£ڵĴ
ȥǻλŮ峤ٱԨŵǻ붯Ԩеߺ۷ǿߣ
ֵֻһˣԸ⹫ƽԴ㣬Ͱսʱδ㽣ڵ֡
úһ룬ƿصǺΧ㣬ֵܷȻعݣ
꣬ǿ̫Ǻӻغݵ;УҲΧŹ
Ůʣѵͬ³ֵɣѵȵ̫ʮǰĲŮʸǿ
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ֵɣսӽڶߣ򡣡
һ̫飬ֵͬɴ̼ˣ仰ʱͻȻʧ˵ĸ֪С
Ԩᣬ̫Ϣټ֪ںδ
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̫ôɱһʱһ˵
𣿡
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ָͷסüģҪǱλĽƺǶ
֪ΪΣ˵仰Ժоӿڴߣ˲ٴγĬȥ
һѹɽ̫ʼҲ⡣
ͻȻ䷢֣ԳͳȥֵɣִһĽ֮׼һºֱ޷ġ
Ŵɵܷȥƺ⡣
׷ϵĽ϶һŲܲʡ
ƺҲںԼܷȥ
ɡ
ԨǱġħ֮ᡱ߲ϼ⣬ֵǰǿգĻΣ
ֵʵ㣿
ԣҡ



һǧ˰һʮ ͽ̣
ֵĲԨˣľս
෴ĿǰڣֵΨһеøеģǰԨ
ΪԨĽУǰһݣֵԵļ˪Ե
ԨûкڳϹϵǰڻΪշš
ֵɲ֪ڻʲôԨںһ˵ľٶҲ˵˼䡣
ΪûнߣûնһϯλԨжǿ
̫ˡ
ˣ̹ȻҡͷһԸԨսı飬һɡ̫ʼߡͷλһ𡣡
Ĵͷָ
١
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ֵƽ
ﳰЦȻֹεǱߣԨѾǺݵйһսһսԨδܣԼһ¡
һǺݵͣǿߣȫ𺳾ס
սҡδܣ
巣̷ɽħǱٱԶ¡³塢սʿΪĻɵۡ
̹˹ȥĴ˷磬ݵֻɫˣĬΪǿߡ
ڵλ֮㣬λûͣƾʲôܹ򣬺ս
Ͳ񰡣
仰ˣǿյǻ˱ķߣҶȻš
ƫƫһͷǿվޣ
棿
һսֵɣΪ仰·𱻵ȼ顣
üʶڣǱλ͵񽣣ڵĽ䣬ڵǷǿŤݡ
ʶ֪еֵɣǱ˲񽣺һ֫ٺתĽ⣬Ѵ״̬
ৣৣ
Ϊӽ壬̷ɽΰĺݴޣʶȤػԶȥ
䣬԰Ĵɣһսⱬ˿Ԩ
ͼ˪ãЩԨкøеĴɣĵҪ⡣
Զ㡣
ԨûнֵɵĻǳ̫ʼ˻ָ֣λ룬Ҳǡ
λ֮䣬һѪɫӰظ֡
̫飡
ھɣɫüΪѿΪǵѪɫӰֵʱǲſ˲ǻλմȾһѪ顣
ѪУһ̫ĻӰ˹׼
ûк˵ֵųǻͲ֪ʱɵѪ飬ΪϮɱǵ̫
̫ʱǰһ
ܿȫ
һߴħǣڻ£㹻̫飬Ϯͬ߸ǿȼδܰٷְٵ֡
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á
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λȻô͹ԹԳսֵɽԨ
Զһ㡣
һųն̨ԨԷһˣڴ˷ǿջһȦεʴ
ֻӨף߲ʺͽɫ̬ն̨졣
һس⾧
⾧ն̨ڲϸܵѪɫ罻֯ÿһѪɫ·ӡһѪС

һȦʴҲѪɫĹӳţ绯һѪ
˶ͫƬѪɫĺһԲ˺
ľ֮ģն̨ĬƬ̣ӳ೾ûϹ˵
Ԩţӳ೾ϢԨûѪɫӣйһս
Ϊ˿ն̨עѪеԨȷʵʸ
ƬƬصѪ
ҵģӡеѪ
ʲôΪʲôΪʲôֻǿǽس⾧һ־޿ʤĿ־壡
Ҳǿ־壬ĤԨ

ʲôȽ׵ǿߣֻҪѪǣֻҪŴ˿̵Ԩһħ˰㣬״Ρ
Ψһ⣬ǸԶħ
ħģǿվڵѪ飬ȫԨ˿еն̨ƬѪɫβʴ𶯡
Ӱǡǿվ޺ħԪӰ졣
ڵģԴѪУֵ˳ħ⣬һо߱ѪʵġĺѪ
Ԩĥţ˵ͷ
ն̨ڲ񷣬˿绯ԴѪ½ĽڣڶصѪɣſռ⡣
ԶǱߣԴѪ½ص׵ԨһѪɫԴ
Ǻ޾Ѫܣͨն̨ߣǺӾ룬͵ն̨ڲ񷡣
һشѪɫУ̩Ǹ籡Ŀռǰ㡣
ͬǣն̨ѪɫУֻӿԨѪܡ
ʱԨʶ̫ʼ˵ĹȻû
ͻƣڵĸ߶ʺܵն̨Ѫ
Ѫܴ޵֮ĳУӲȫ
䣡
ԨһһȦѪɢעǻβʴ룬һǺȫڱ
ֵˣͻȻһ硣

ѪɫεԨͷãΪȥ񣬻ޣٻǸ۷սʿ

ն̨˷ռ仯Ѫ֮ԨѪɫӵʱգԽ֮֡
ֵ۾ڷ⣬ףȻǺ˵˵
ͽ̣
Ԩֿ죬ѪչǧѪĽ֯ŵһֲֻŪΪһȫµѪ֮
һսѧĲطĲϣʹ߱
ͨеͬʱҲǳںֵɵսϡ
һҫĿ񽣣ֵɴüĻ룬ԱԴ뿪üһʱͳ˴˷Ѫɫ硣
ͣͣ
Ѫ֯ɵһشصطֱȻĳ쾧磬Ҳ˺ѵĽѡ
һⷽռѪɫ磬ͻ̽ۡ
УԨֲõһѪɫ򣬱صشѣĿĽţҪڲѪɫ顣
ʱǱʵδȫ뿪ֵɵüġ
ɡ
ڲ쾰ԨֵɽǱʱն̨绯һ񽣣ѪɫȻʾ
һǧԽ⣬ֵû
ÿһ԰Ľ⣬ѭԨĻŲУܻ½ԹнɲĵԽ֮켣ܻ
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콣
á
ֵۣ񵲵ļƣԨһȫΣν
콣Ѹ£ǧⲻ
˶Ĺ򣬽âСֻסֵɡ
񵲵ֵɣڽڻӽ
޷ݵһ⣬İأһƹ㣬ǧγɵĹէ֡
ⳬԽһУѹǧâǹһн

ǧһӲǱ˽նԨǧͻһӰ˷̡
ըĽţѪɫըĶǧڣʱò



һǧ˰һʮ ˼
ֵɣ
ĸߣ͸ЩڶĿڣȫһϮתž˽ֵɡ
λޱ߷Ľ֮·ʲô鶼ûеԭء
ƺͷβҲû
Ϊģһ貽âչǧš
ܿ죬߾ͷЩѪɫɳĽ⣬ȻԼԽԽˡ
ھУδﵽ߼ߣ׷ѡ㡣
ֱǷѪɫĽ
ЩߣûܿԨӰûüͷѰһԨټ
˰ɣ
̲ס뷨Ǵʶֵɵ޵зˣҲİܱӴܡ
ˣҲѴǰĿУֵ֪һʲôĴڡ
Ԩôֵܼɣ

̫ʼ̫λԨᣬٱ۷սʿǻҿȥϸˡ
⵽Щ䵽ⲿĽ⣬һҫ⾧
Сָֻ׸ǰ㡣
ɾЩСС⾧ԨѪɫ磬ԨŪ˲ͱϡá
λԴ
Ů峤ٱɵرܿһС⾧ŵдͽ⣬԰ɣ
ٱɾĿ⣬ϣҪõһ𰸡
飡
﷭һۣʾԶ㣬չ鷳
ԭֵɡ
̫ʼɫݣԽ뵽ʱ֮˵Ƿ˵վҳ櫵ı
֮ǰ̫ʼ̫š
ֵɷ·Ϊ֤ʵ㣬ԺԨһսӳĵһУֶһ
ͻȻһС⾧ڳȥԺ͵طɻء
ֵ̲ɽ⾧ԨӪѪɫԺ󣬽ЩѪޣǿߣѸٵնɱ¾
һ⾧ֵǰ£

⾧ţۻҵķʽǷѪɫڣȻֵɾ̬
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ͨһĿֵɿ˼̫ʼΣ
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ԨҲüͷ
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ŽŵըѣѪɫ綴
˽ֵɵƶɣܷΪǧ飬ҲһϢٴϾ£ν
ԨǣֵͨɵǱⷽѪɫڣ׷ɢڶལͻ
ǧȻ⾧ζûǱˡ
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Ѫɫն̨ڹӿԡڶĿĻâ£Ѫɫ飬ҲѪɫ֡
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ڳӵѪɫ飬ϵɱ䣬ѸٵؽΪޡ
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һͷͷǿޣкݵĹϴεضѪɫӡ
Ѫӣӯ޾Ի漣
ѪɫߣڳʼȻ󣬶
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ѪɫЯŵڶѪɫ飬һͷͷޣںݵĹϴ˵ʲô
ԨһʽֵɵĹҪ˵ʲô
Ԩʲô
ǺӵޣݵȫĲ֣
ѵҲ

ѪɫԳ룬ߣǣȸȺֹɣ
һͷëïܵľԳҲѪɫðʱԨֵɶ΢΢ɫ
ܻѪԨΪʼٸߣдľԳһȻ֪뿪Ļ񣬹ͷԵسڻ
ģԳ룬ֹ߰
ѪܺЩѪܻɣĶѪܺͻ
Щȥֵ񣬾ֻŪѪܣһѪչ֡
Ψһ⡣
񻹴
ԨնģǶģǻѪͷԳܱͷԳ͵˸Ӧ
ͷƵܣȻմ˲ֹ
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һͷ޴İ׻ӵҲڻ֮ԨѪܷĳӡ
׻Բƺ֪ʲôѪɫãȻĹˡ
ģӣΪԴͷֵĴޣԱѪɫӰ죡
ԨͻȻһ֣ʹǧҲŲһѪС
Ҳһ̣뵽˵ʱǷ˵Ҳ߱ͨ
ԺݡѪֻҪǳԺݵģѪ飬Ҫʱ򣬾ǿŲá
ֻгƬ󣬲ܿѪǣ

컢ҲֳһܹѪɫڶ
ֻǿ˻
˻ŰģŸֳһ
أѪɫӵһɫӰͬӿ֡
ԣ
ԨȻûҪû뷨
Լоˣ
ԶһǺӵԼ״˳ƽܹע˽
ɫĿѪӣŴɫӰ类ɫȾȾˡ
ɫ·Ҫɫǿиǣ
бԨܱγɵޣܵ˿־壬ԨҲҪǿѪͨҪѪɫӰĹС
ʱǡѪɫӣֵɵǰ

ֵԵ̾Ԩһʽˣ۷ˡ



һǧ˰һʮ 
ӿѪɫӣڶ˵ޣͺݻ̡
ҲԨԭҪĶ
ڳĹߣкݸޣľ񣬻Ԩᡢǿվޡ
ѪɫӣͷֵľЩ˼ĥԼЩ޵
ҲΪˣΪ׵Ĵޣڳλͬ
ֵ֪ɣ䡢ĴɣԺݣѪĺӡǣȴЯӡ
Ⱥһࡣ
ڻʱڣǺӱ߽磬·ƾն
ͼˣȥ룬Ӷµ˷Ⱥ͸λͬһ
ôҲΪԺԸ׼
ΪܿĳƲɵһܹΪЩżޣѪͻơ
δпͳһ񣬺һ
һս
û뵽ǣ컢ִ񣬾ԹףһͷͷʮʱλȻ׷Ӧ
ǣΨ©ӲǾѪɫӵĺۼ
Ȼʴ
ԭˡ
ֵۣһ˲ƵѪɫӣĿڴŻ컢Ӱ
δγɣɫܱɢţҪȡѪɫӵǵӰ
̴ֲЦ죬ȻںݴݻֲáǰҽԴ㣬ԭݵ壬޵һӡ
ѹ֣ܹǺһӦǧͶϡ
ֵΪȫࡣ
ҲȻ
ɫ컢Ĺ壬ͺǿյȺ壬ԭһġ
ԻѪɫӣڴ˷δʱǿձ߽縡¶Ԩֵɵ仰ҪѪ
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
Լļ򵥣ֻܿ棬ͲҪȥ󵼱˺
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Ѫɫȫʾն̨ڵ磬ڻָԭ״
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ֵɫӵص˵ͷһԲΪԶȥ



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ǡǻǡҲҵأǰ󡣡
Ԩ䣬ǰûԴͷҪԴħ׿˹ɾûôˡ
򡾴ηعƺҲʶԨĽ٣Ϊʲô
СԼҪߣҲסս俴Сͨ磬֪ˡ뷨㲻ԲŮʣԨᡢѸٳꡣ
ֺֻҪڻֻ㣬Ѳ㡣
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ǱȳĬ˵ͷȷʵˡ



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΢СĹ˸Ѹٵ׳󣬽ΪѤõġԨ춴һͨ˵صĶڡ
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Ԩ֮ŵذǺǣ꣬ϼѰٵôһطԴ̤Ԩ棬ſռ޵֮أսѪͷţҪϸһܱߡ

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Сʱ־塣
ʼɣѪԴͷ̩̹ǲǹıҪ
һСŵĻɢɶҲ˲ˣԨȡ
»ᱻ̵Ĺͷʣ
ԨǱߣڶаõĽ磬ƻˡ
˵Ժ󣬵ͷµ޾ڰͫ͸ڰЩߣҲ֪ģԨ֮繹ɣţԨǱ߷ǸţѾˡ
Ԩ飬ʼײϼšţֻҪгѪܣƾԨǧĳԶҲƲ
ڡ
ͣһ£ű齥ϾԨƺǴѪܲˣϼ޽ţµı仯нٴ˵أܴԨ֮ŵѪ飬ᱻȡѪܽв䡣
ͷСңֻҪȥҲᱻԨ֮żȡѪ
Сֻᱻ龡ѪܡҺС£ǡͻĺܸɾ
͵
Ŷ
Ԩʱİ࣬΢ЦŰοƣڶ㻹ǿݵġֻǾȡѪܣֲԨ֮ŵ㣬ֲᵱʳ㡣Ѫȥ㻹ġ
ң븸״˾ңС
ҪԨ֮ŵĳ꣬Ѫӿֵġ
龡ѪܣһϢذţҲ״̬
棬κһͷǿվޣ׺ɱ
ҪỹĿֲһˡ
״ˣݵͷԳȥ˻ҸоǺ°ֲڣͨͷԳҲܣѵڻ
С߰ͷֱɫţͻȻ͵أҵͷۻʹڵĲ˵
׶ӣѵͲܶչˣ

ʱһȡԴ֮šɣӰ¶
㵵أűɫסСն̨ϷԨŹֵô
ǧأ˵һԨаԨǱߵţƴײϼġ
⼤ˣȡԨ֮šǱصŲǿ
в߲ʺ顣
ô࣬ﻮһУΪˡԸݵ
Ůʡ



һǧ˰ٶʮ ǿߵ۽

ӰͻȻɵġԴ֮šǸߴӢΰǣһͷ׵ĳ
Դ֮šƯڲɫϷվڡ
أڡ桱С̩̹СΪƫҪУСԨ춴дտռ˲µԨҲǸá
СѪܣѱԨ֮š벻٣˵Сһӡ
ȻԨͷǿվޣΪСסˣŻظ
Ҳǡײļƻ
һ˪ļۣķشŶͷҪʲô˵ֱӳ롣
Һܺ棬ΪʲôͻȻ
һԨͻȻ֮ģһЦ󣬱γɵġԴ֮šжܷݻ١
ﲻǺݣõĻԴ֮šԺ󣬽ƻݵĻ
Уֱºͼйϵ
ŪģıļԵ޹ʵڴˡ
ο۷ڰãǴ̴Ц졢ŮһֺɱҪҲѰ

һ뵽ױȵٿСǰǷ
ҪԨ֮ȥԸԨȵ

ֽУͷǿվ޾ܣٴο·ɫеС
ôû뵽ûڵ˵
мۣսթơأȻҲʲôöƺǲ泰
ⶼܱ³
ԥҪҪߵļۣѹûͷޣֱԨҳ˹ؼ󣬱ϳ뷨
ε˵ϾﰡΪ˱ҶЩ׼ҲӦõġҪɱϣҾ
ۻ·ɭ䣬꣬Ҳҵģ
ȥˣۻǺԶںݣ׷ʱȻ֪ɽĹȵ쳣ռ䲨
Ϊҵ;ȥ㷢塣
ҪķԸ
ԨҪԸĻ
°ͣ˸ĹâҲԲһֻ֣ҪɱģҶԸ
Ԩ֮ŵ쳣ûйϵԨȵ
ң£治йءĻȷʵԽһ£ѾˣҲû˭ܹȫֹҾ͸˵˵
̩̹Ԩ֮ţûгѪע룬վҪѵġ
۵Цţ͡Դ֮šһͬƶԨǰ
Դ֮ĲдǣҴӺݵصײ׽Ժһ֪һ˵ܡ
ʲôԨѯʡ
֪ΪʲôԴ֮ѡڻŪǷ֪ΪҪƻҪӶǿ𣿡
Ϊ·Ԩ֮γɿʼǻΪһųעѪܣ
н壬ޣĴֻҪڻɱӿԺɢݵѪܣһֶ뵽Ԩ֮ţ
Ϊ̩̹ԺЩ꣬Ԩ֮ŻǼʯβơ
Դ֮ڻ꣬ԻΪʼʳͷǿܣҪݻΪԨ֮ṩѪܵĻ򣡡
Ҳʱ䣬ҵģΨһЧݻԨ֮ŵİ취
ϧʧˡ
һϸĽԨ桢˰Σٴοڡ
˲ǣ֪ڻʲôúͻ޼䡣ʹ㣬ͻϵһһͻȻˡ
лѪܣҶԾķʽԨ֮롣
Ǵһ̿ʼԨ֮û˺ѪܣҲͻȻ֣һȴǧţս顣
ֿ£ôʣ˺ܾãҲˡͷ̩̹Ԥϵôһ죬һλõԴѪߣһ㱻ء
Ĵڣҽ򣬽Ȼͻϡ
ȻһĴȱԨ֮ţڲѾνˡ
ǼţһĴڣҲѹԨǿߣ
Ԩ
棬ȻѪܵСҲ򼫻۵ⷬͻȻԨ
һ̹˹һǡ濴Ұ
ԨȻֿ򡰺桱·ײɫӴ壬иɻ󣬲֪ԸⲻԸΪҽ𣿡
ĻҾɡۺ˵
ħ񱴶̹˹Ԩ˰ɣԨȡ
һԨ治һ
Ҳɱ̹˹Ԩǲǳ£
ȻΪ˶аڳײԨ֮ţ
û
ڵġԴ֮šŤĹ⣬ĻúԨûгһλԵͳߣҲûܹƥеаа֣ȫ̶ͬȵˣȻͬҲֻƽɫˡ
ֵǣƺҪԨѰʲôҪԨа񡣡
ǰãͻȻʧˣаҲҲӰ
֪ΪΣҸоǹġ
ҲԨа񣬺ƿһţһȣϼѡƺͿĻͨˡ
ſںСǴĿ⣬ƺ۵Ļŵˡ
̹˹ȻҪƿԨ֮ţ绥ͨ
ǲ㾿ʲô廰
˼˵Ԩ֮һѣùġδһɣǾãһὫеԨа·Ͷ԰ɣһЦңҵһλԨǶԿ̹˹Ĺؼ
䣡
Դ֮šͻȻһħ̴ЦİдۣǱ߸ûУѾڽ밵ˣ㾡Ū׻Ǹȥɱˣ



һǧ˰ٶʮ 

һŻһɫǳ󣬳Ѱء
ġѰͻ⣬ڱİǿա
һؽֱ֦񽣳ìҫɫ⡣
ԭߵǳïɭ֣ǧٹֵĻľĵر
ǺӵɶͷһȻӰ֡
ž޴ѰһǳԴ֮š죬лҲҡڲ
һ£ݿħ̴Ц죬ڡԴ֮šǰīıء
ѿ֡
ʱ̽Դ硱ĺڰ֮꣬塣
ƨµĺڰţϵɢΪһƬĺڰ
˺ȻѸٵš
ಣ
۵ĻӰӳġԴ֮šԶԶ¡ѰĳѨ괫ѶԨԨᡢͷС̩̹Ԩ֮ŵλá˵״
ﶼԨ
ħȻʧЦ˼˵޷ǼһҲԸ䡣ڲŮʡǶ಻ܱǡ
۵ͷȻ괫Ѷмһ㣬Ԩ֮û⣬ҲԨ֮ɵģֻѪ꣬Ԩ֮Ҫ
أҪǳԨ֮ţѪľˣܰˡ
̴ЦЦˣħҲһᾡȥûѪǣ浽һҪʹ
ҵһ죬ѾˡӦ
꣡
ԡԴ֮šΪ㣬ϸܵĿռѷѤõĿռ⣬Ӽ̽ӿ롣
ȫ
ҡҷŵлᦣҲ̼Ŵٱһž޴ģĻɵĹڰķЦ
ӣ޾ĺڰû򣡡
̴ЦĽޱ޼ʵĺڰһϢɢҪټһ򣬶ΪưԨصء

ѰչɫԡâУȻҫ

ô죿
ץȡԴ֮šʧԺɵն̨ǰסСԨĿ⡣
ʲôʱٴԴ֮ţûڴˣ
˼´ιʱ򣬿ܾһˣ
ϲŮʣ
飬һҪеĹʲôԨ֮ţղհ
СԹĵӱĶãôͲգ
ԨסͷСĽƣֻǾ񣬲նҪ飿
ǲģֶеη塣
ڼ۵ĴԣȫʵĻΪԼ׼һ֣ѡ
Ԩ˼֪꣬ʵ㲻Ϊ̴Ц֣ںݴݻ˵ʲôɣƲƲ죬м˵ݵֻһӰˡ
б£ͺ̴Цˣ
ﲻر̴Цͼ۵֡
״ˣһҪҰ
šԨ֮šʱţСԨӰʱòȡ
ԨĬţֻǿŲɫĺ棬γɵӴԨа

Ԩµն̨أҲ߲ʵ
ռܻն̨
ﾫһĬĬ˺ĵȺ
ͷС̩̹һն̨ĿռҫʶʲôԺҲϢؿն̨
˻ںѪɫӣٴν׵Ԩǻûм
ֻ˵ӵкһս
κδڣ߱һսʸ񣬶ᱻӡ
οǱ͵õԴѪеԨ

һİӨڣγѣܶʼΡ
ԨԴѪ½ƿһһĽڣ˲羭һ;棬ն̨䶨
˪ն̨Ѫĸ֪޷Ź
һ쳤ۣգֱۣɫ񾧵Ԩն̨ͣµǡ
ͷ۰ͰţڴõС߰ŵͷش䡣
ҵϽɫ
ΪͻȻʶһпʵ
԰ԨƣҪȡصֻܿԨʹ͡
ѾûпܣԨϣǿаˡ
ʹ˳سꡣ
̩̹ζ
ԨУ¶ɬ̾һ˵ͷϼմ뿪ǿѰͬսʱһ㡣ڣһϸѪսô
ӳ೾Ļˡ
ԴѪ½ԨҲ벻˱壬Сͷǿվ޵кѪ֮ӦУǰĶĿ
εѹɢСſ
ŽϾ뷨Ԩᣬһ˿˿аڿǣĵͷ뷨˲ɢ
䣡
ԨؼΪص񣬽ն̨룬ͳ䵽·Ĳɫ档

СﲻС
氵ü
Ȼһǵļ;ͣˡ
ΪԨ֮šСѪܵûԨµһ̣ͻȻʧˡ
СǲѣǱţѪûʧ
ڲɫԨݳЦݣӦƬ̣˵ڵУһõԴѪߣϿɵͬ顣
ݣ
ϽɫѪܣӲɫı𴦻۶۵Ԩ¡
ǱѪܡңֱܹȡġ



һǧ˰ٶʮ š֮
ԴСѪܣһϸĵ磬ԨĽ¾ۼ
Ԩ¶ס

һϽɫѪâ㱻챦ʯľӨָͷϡ
С˶ǰûзõ񣬺ſŵСͷȣϰС
ȻСȴη塣
ԨָͷϵѪâʱ˸Ӧ֪һѪâԨ֮šᾧ
ҪȴҿڣҪ
ô΢СԨƺһܽԨ֮⣬ʲôĶû
ʵͽԨأϵηġ
ʶС
̲סٺٹЦȣͷСΪȶ˰
죡ü
Ѫܰɣ
ԨЦţָͷһϽɫѪߣָСĶͷ
Ѫһ롣
һСʹͷؿԨ壬һƬãȻΪʲôΪʲôڶ㣬Ȼ˵ƫ
ƫ
ҡҡͷԨЦǶҼ˺
գԨһš
µĲɫ棬ȻһɺΣһؽһصܼѪƣ²ŵĺ渡֡
Ԩ˸Ļ˳չ
ɺΣڲɫ¶ǧز̬ͬѪƣ໥Ƕţ˴˽ţҪ׷׳֡
澪ͬѪ츳
ֹһͬ࣡ͺ
쾰û̫ã桢ڴأҪĥʱƬɫĺָֻԭģ
Ԩıվں񣬽ü˼
νġԨ֮šԻȥƼгԴѪ½Ľʱ̫ơ
ԴѪ½Ľڣ޵ѪĲС
̩̹ġԨ֮šڶǿվԭʼѪƺбɱľ֮ͬ࣬ĵѪѪܿӡڡԨ֮š˷Ԩ
̩̹ĺĽĻѪ˪ĺ壬ʱ֮Ŀռ
֮⣬ǳءסꡢᶾȵµѪ츳ҲڡԨ֮šҵӦѪС
ȻԨ֮šײĵڵѪܣ
ԴѪǲ֡
Ѫڲ̺ԴѪУܽбʳǿվޣ߱Ѫ֡
ܣӡڡԨ֮šΪһеĲ
ҲڴʱԨʶڴ˷һƬ磬Դͷոǿձ߽ʱЩеһͷͷǿվޡ
ԴѪӶɣ
ԴѪǿվޣִѡǿ̩̹ΪĴˣС
Ĭ̩̹о֮ͬϣ̩̹Ϊһ޶ǿڣ̩̹ӲԨ
Ԩͷĳص
ΪĴˣ־Ķչ֣̩̹ȡԺΪ
̩̹УԨӶԨʵʩߡ
ڣͬȼԴ꣬͵Ĵħ񱴶̹˹ҲһδԨҲԨѰʲô
ͻȻ䣬ԨеͬԨˡ
һӴа񣬶Բɫĳײڴ˿ԨУԵöе㡭
䣡
εѪƣâϼ¶һɳǧִ
ںݵ̩̹ڿԨİæԨæտһϣк
ϼȻ֪ġԨ֮š˿ãȡѪܡ
㣬ǾľΪæµһֻǡЩ̰
ԨһСѪʹ˽⿪Ҳ͵˻
ݣݣ
ǧ΢СϽɫӲɫİ˷ŶСʧ
ήҲСȥٴλعצ
վ
໺
СܵǿţһϢ籩ڲɫγɣ졣
ٴգۼԨվں֮ôССԥʼΪΡ
ãͻΪ̬֮Ǹ̩ðͷİꡣ
״ˡ
䵽СƮն̨Ķ棬Ԩıɥ˵ҲˡǸаŮ˵ԼƼõѾͷڳġ
С˸϶ǿ־壬°
Ԩ׵ͷģȥġ
Сг˻ɡ
ɫĺ棬ֻʣԨǵСפԥţĻ͵طںڲ
̩̹ӡڡԨ֮šڶѪƺܹᣡ
ǲ򣬲ЩѪľ
統̩̹ɱһͷͬԺ󣬽ԷʳɾϼڲȻӿֶԷѪС
ĥҹ
Ҳһ
֮ԽԨ֮šûڣЩǿվѪͨС
൱ʡȴһ裬ʡȴɱޣûĹ̡
ֻǡ
һˡԨ֮šϳЩԨа񣬽谭أ˲ڴ˷
оǣ۶ıҲһ
ҳһССⰡԨһְ˵ΣСһҶӦ㣬ȻᱣѪ
оϼһҲͦҵġ
ϼһΪԴѪһУԨһΪԴѪݣȴںݡ
ΪӵʶȴûеԴѪһ
顣
ԴꡢԴѪڣؼĳִǶȻ縺ʹǵй켣ǵһ׷
ûѪ壬ƺҲѻʱУڳŵ״̬
Ҳû顣



һǧ˰ٶʮ Ѫ
״ˣһҪҰ
Ͻۣͷǵɬ꣬ΰ˶ͭ˶ͫŭ
Ԩʱ˷âǣͼ޸˵Ĺϵ
ŵƲЦ䡣
꣬ҲãԨҲգ̩̹֮£ȹһЩƫƧĽز
澴η̩̹ͬʱҲȻвԹͳ޵ģҪ̩̹Ѱǲܵġ
Ҳҡ
ᣬһͷС̩̹泩㣬Ǻȥġ
СûڵĺˣûеõԴѪľˣⱲҲﲻڵĸ߶ȡ㰡Ծɡ
ЦţӰл䣬Ҳն̨ƽ
Ǽ
Сһ䣬ͻȻŭŤͷϽɫͫһѪâ۵Ĺš
·Ĳɫ棬һȦȦڶ౻̩̹ӡľް壬·СӦ
СĿ⾹ô͡
ˣˣ
̩̹ģ޹İ𶯣Զȥ;ħӶž޴ôġ
ˣ
һҵԨŵ̬ȻָΪԭʼľ̬
Ծ޹ϯصʯۼ׷϶ӿ
һɳ쾳ǼľλãҺɫѪ⣬ɳСصĵײ㷨
ǧԨᣬͷ֡Ԩ춴Ҫٳȥ·
Ȼ
ġԨ춴ŲɫĹ⣬ֵĹУͱ͸ˡ
Ԩ춴͵˺ƬΪһѤõǣ׹ڲɫ档

̤ɫ棬šԨ֮šϼϢΪϼеֵԨȻһ
ܵᵽΣ
ϼӡڡԨ֮šľѪ壬ܻΪʵľޣ
һͷͷԶǺӣڻڼ䣬Űǿվޣ·ڡԨ֮šڻ˹
ҳХֱ壡
оϣϼµľѪҪҪǷǷȱĲ֡
ȫʢʱ̩̹̬ڣ
ֻǡ

ŵն̨ΪɫУС
񻺻գؿ߮ڲɫľӰЦԭҲǲĵġ
һƬ߲ѪƴӲɫ渡ʴصѪƣ͵Ԩ
߲ѪƣԨ֪Уһֻ͵ˮĸ
綾ʴѪ꣬һϾͻᱻʴѪͻꡣ
䣡
ԨǾ񣬷Ŵǧٱεն̨ǰ߲Ѫһͱ
͵ˮĸն̨׶ԨյתƬ߲ѪҲɢ
Сģ
ľƬʧҲʱֳ֮ҵҪ濪ٵɳ쾳
ʧΪǰ͵Сɡ
ɣȴϤ
جвŻֵɣ
СϽ¶ĲбɱͬΪѪʳĿ⣬ǿվ޵جΡ

ϣ̩̹
δ˵ȫͷС̩̹ģðһȭͷСѪ
ѪŴȥĻһϽɫǳ
Լе̩ơ
ϽɫǳڣŽ֯ѪѪߺͷĻۣ
һΣ̩̹ľѪԨ֮ţͷСٴξӿͻصСڣ
ǣִģ
ţٵɳ쾳ڣʱɳǧʴסû
е͵˻ţֳľ̬
϶һξѪڰͷСĳ񣿡
ںУ³һˮݣը۲ɼѪߣҡҡλεأںԨһ
ĳҪң
һ߽ţһ߿ӣϼľѪǵСͷСҲѸɱ䡣
ɱΪ̩̹̬
ף԰ԨԨôҲ
ͻȻ֣ոջվڲɫԨ񣬷ŴǧٱԺն̨ΪУҲиɱʲô
һ㾪ǵͬ࣡
ӡԨ֮šڳͼʳԨѪƣЩ̩̹ɱľͬࡣ
ϵеĴ󲿷֣
ֻһ㲻
ɳγɵ쾳УŻԨᣬš顱ˮҺע룬֪һٵɳ磬ƾնǿոˮ˴˵ص
ϣһѪ
бϼһҪѪᣬͷС꣬ǡ
Ԩͣһٴοɣն̨ЩѪܻûľޣһͷͷɱԨ
ңҲ
ԨҡͷΪ˺׳ΪͷСΪȫʢʱڵôһһء
Ҫǡ
Ԩ䣬ҪǣԨ֮ţΪԼ׼ĸ֮ءôҵٽԨ̲֮صģĸѪͨͨС̩̹ġ
ȫʢʱڵ̬ֽУ

Ԩ˵ͷƺҪµõУظһξѪûͷСĵִҲѪȻͷСĻʡȴһ衣
¾¡븴ԼΪͷС׳󡣡
¡
ɫġԨ֮šҵ𵴣ЩµԨаƺ쳣س
ԨЦһȺƴҪļһ
뷨ҪǶԵģҪǵһϽɫľѪСںˡ
ϵ̩̹ͻͨԨ֮šڿӡľѪ壬նЩǿ̬
ʱ罫ϰͨ
ûڶаֲµģһŵķϼٴγԨܽЩ໽еа¾ɾ

ֳԭʼ̬СϽɫ磬ǣˡԨ֮šеƿЩϼǰƿصѪ
бѪͫͬΪ޵棬ϡ
ͷޱһۣĵ׶ʱ
֪ΪΣǾ͸оٵŢɳ쾳ҲܲסͷСļצӡ
ƾһξѪ컻أ
ԨȻһЦ
ǧɸߵ͵СĲλãĴ֣סСĲ
꣡
СһƬƬ۾ѡ
䣡
ͷͻСץסӣֱײԨ֮šСٴϡ
СףŤš
ɱסĲȴڲɫ棬ôҲѲˡ
ʱˣͲҪżˡֻǴӦ㣬Ѫ



һǧ˰ٶʮ ɱ
СĲһƬƬر飬䡣
еԨúͷ̩̹ϢСһս׼ȴûϵԨȻ
ҹԹſŰɡ
Ԩסӵֻ֣ǯ㣬ҽ֭ҺѪ⾫УŰɼѪ
СðỤ̃ҲŹֽУԵʹ
Ԩ֮Уʼֹ͡
䣡
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С˶ףײź棬Ƥ
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ҲΪΣϽɫǳľѪڣܶáԨ֮šصʹδɳܼϼƿصռѪ
ûõġ
Ƭ̹绯һѪɽԨ㴣߲ʺ档
ѪԶϢԨɢݣһӳأ·Ԩӿȥ
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ǧɵԨͷɫϷһҪֵľӰӡ
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ÿһͼֵӰͫеĻҫ»ɫһ֣ټ˷ˡ
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һְСĲһֻ֣ͻȻסɫ貵ն̨
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һ˷񲿷ֻ֣ҪᴩȥܶСͷǹǣǵϽѪ͸
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ΣʧˣҾ޳ưǺӵʱ෽֤սȥ˷硣
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䣡
ɽƣ֮ͻȻСͷǰ֡
һɿն̨ղǧѪâ첲˲Сŵڡ
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ͣ
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һĻĻģĻ棬̩̹߳Ǻӵĳѩӿ֡
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ڣͷưһʱϵ̩̹ѪͼС͡Ԩ֮šһֲƣȻԨˣǳϣƲѡ
ڴ˵أϼȻơ
ԨıԭأǷͷ޿ٵ磬ͷСԨ֮ţ˷޵Ŀռ䣬ءĹ£дսǵȻ
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һǧ˰ٶʮ 
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޾ڰһԨа񣬾ûгײԨ֮šΪİֺͿơ
ֻԨǾ߳챦񣬴˿ں
СգԨǵ磬Ҳδ̤ɫ棬Ԩıͬͣա
Ψ񣬻ţصĿֲѪ
̬Ĳɫ棬ͷһֻ֣ҪԨԨаĸо
֪ӺʱԨǵСӰӡУ罥ϵ̩̹صˡ
Ԩڴˣͺñȵ̩̹Ԩ
Ѫܲ㣬ֻҪײսҪѸٸƵġԨ֮š˿ּ̾ʯ̩ɽζ
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ŵȵǽζţĳͨŵ飬Ԩ룬̴ЦļһܹԱפԨȥԨҸо
ΪԨħ񱴶̹˹統̩̹ǰ㡣
ó̴Ц컹Ϊɵġ
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нԳ֮⣬Ѳ򲿷ԨأһͨҲ֮һ
СһԲ
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ϸܵĿռѷ죬ҫ⵶鲼ԡ
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Ȼһʱ֮ĻǾȡС
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ҽ֭ҺڵĴأɽ籡棬ɫѪ
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ϰףûдӵ̤֮
ѪһοڣˣҲϤĳҢͨ彩Ӳؿ
ˣһҵʦĩ׹аħһ;
ҢǺӣոմ֮󣬺ZҢҷĲʹ
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Īλѳɣ˿ϤµҲȹԪ񡣡
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ӫӵĳѨڶڷ״̬ûκҲԺӫͨѶ

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ǸѨĿռ䴫ҲʧЧˡ̻ĺչԶڨЦѡ
˵ʧЧأȻܹԴ˺ͲŮʹͨ
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ѨҲ͵غ£
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ìĳѨ֦ɣ͸ӳ೾壬ʹֳ߲̬ԺȻѲ
ӳ೾ʹధţɱѪڼʧ
ͬںݡ
½صףһӰ֡

ˣ
кݵѡ巨ߣǵӰߵݡ
߲棡
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צ̬˴գӲӵĽɫۣҫǬ½߷׷׸

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ˮе俴һλãڣûлعҲûȥǿձ߽磬ǹȥ˻򡣡
ȻѡôǶȥɡ
̬֮ȶִƺ֮Ѫķε
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ǸϽǹһͫʹ磬򡲱ȥ

Ͻɫĳǹ˴ն̨ɫ𻨽䡣
㻹Ҫ֣
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ಣ
Ԩı߲ľ޴ͷһֻסһر̧֦ͷա

ĿĽ⣬˺񲯰㣬ѪעĽնһ϶
ֵɳֽǺӡ
Ԩסֻ֦֣Ȼ죬һϸѪâͨһ֦˲Ѩ
쿪һ죬˳ش
꣡
ͻȻġѨÿһ֦ڲѪʹӳ೾ػ



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ǰ
פ֮ϵĸھޣΧԣأʲôǶôİͷ񲡣
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Ժ󣬵ҼԨ˵ˣὫһڴѪ֮ɢ󡣡
ˣ˾С
Ѫ̣ӽԺŷԨΪ顣׼ȷ˵ŷԨǾ֮Ϊ飬ǽӴ



һǧ˰ʮ ʦ
Ѫ仰ǿ
Ҳ֪Ϊġ縸ŮԨѪãѱɱͶѪħ塣
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ǿʼָѪ޳ܡ
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ֵɵӦһ䡣
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ֻ֪ҪںݵĽ֮⣬Ԩ֪ڴ˵һС
Ԩ֮ۡ
оԶһؽصԨ˿ͨŲԶֵɺͺݡ

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һҷŸǿߺȨص˴ı򣬽ŵؿűѪɫĵش
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ǲҽȥ̻ͨߵϢ֪һ¡
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Ԩ
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Ҫ£ԨٴνԶڡԨ֮šһƬȫµѪɫĻӨڡ
ԨһУλ߶߶ħϾ˵氢櫴˴Ѷ
Ǻͺȥ򣿡ԨںδӴ
硣ǰұĵĶ櫴֧Ϣ˵̬꣬ȱüΪԴǶȻӸ㼸仰
˵
Ǿ߻еǧҪعݡУܷʲô£񶼱صףҪԽȥӴ
Ᾱɪɪ
ħһɫȼһ߽ʱһмȼա
ԨȻʧɫ
ǰãĪ״֮״Ѷ˵ҪԺѪӰҪҪǾ̤ص׽ӴԴꡣ
Ԩ֮šûеȵ۽һˡ
ϵͻȻ괫򲻿ɽصף
櫴˵ˣش֣˵̩̹ʱһԨ챦Խ˵֮׵ִԴڡһԴͷ˸ı䣬òԭ

ͻȻ˾ƣҲʱη;Ƭ̵ãȻ
Ԩؿħ¼ɣԭļħȼա
һߺȻһЩ£һ
ǰ櫵ĴߣΪ˷ֹϢ©һޱĻܻ֪ȫϸڡ
ңԺ󣬱ȫ
뿪ն̨ʱħصļۼӶ˵֪
νºݼƻ˵⡣ڵʱʶ㣬Ҫ
ʧˣҲ˶䡣
ʹͷ·ڲ櫴˵ˣԺСгԺݵߣֻҪ뱾ԴߣҪȥԴֽݵߣֻ֮ҲܵĲԾѰҰѵİ취
ѱԨʴˡ
櫴˻˵ĬrʱȥҵڣҪͨ޲ס
޲׳꣬׿ϵǳͼֽܳλá
У̹˹ҲԨѰҴ𰸣ҲȷݵԴ꣬ʲô״

ħһŵɫĻըӶɱڶ˸
ãȻضִԨΪʲôԨѵҪң
С
ϢһԵԨû¡
ͺԴ꣬ԨʴͨԴߣһŰѲ
̫ʼ˵ˣָʾԺλҪºȥ졣
ڽµ
ļ䣬ҷţǲ⿪ѵҲҪԴꣿ
Ԩ˼飬̫ɻͷѽһ飬ôҲ޷塣
ûϢǰһֱصԴ꣬Ԩ챦ɱ䣬ͳݵĻԻ
ڡ
ҳȥ¡

һŰƶλʧȥҪħն̨ߡ
һڲκҵϤĵͨԴصȥ
ĻڲһƶĲУһӨ׵ʯ̨ڷţɫɫ
Ԩͷþδ

ԴѪ½
Ԩ뿪ٴλһ߱ļ˪üһƽ⾫һ⿪ⶳ״̬
״аָͷŶͷ
ԼоʶλУǳ켣仯һоů׽Ϣļע롣
ͨλ
貱λӡĺǳڽӴµıأıͷųĹâ
ֵɲͬûҪΪ뷨˿
ȴͻȻоԪͱԴıܾƿصġ

ӯ˵صĺŵصӿȥûмƼ˪
Էѽ⣬ӣãȻŽµұء
ŹͨȴֱԴѪǹɼҲӦҲû취ͨȡ
һų⡣
֣Ϊ̬ȻͻȻ䣬Ϊʲô
Ҳ𰸣ڵص״һӣҪǹɼ
ǹɼޱȸ䣬лӦ
Ԩٳδ飬ص׼ͻȻų⣬֮±ԴѪ½뿪

Ԩ֮ڡ
¶֫壬챦ʯ㾧Ө͸Ԩ񣬶ڲɫ档
ͷˮӯӯˮһֱؿ·ûƼԨӿ
СǴŹǷһֱȺԴ֮š֣۴
ûǳĽأʱ޷Ҳ֪˶á
ͻȻԨۣȻǻλѪһѪɫӣһС

Ϊħİ磬Ȼ̩뿪˿ҫǵ棬˻
Ƿã֮ŭ
º󣬿λ׷ʯͷϣẓ́ڶгԳһعݣԲвҪɱӳ೾
Ԩںݵ¡
̹ܣҲջЩеĿ⣬ź˵İ磬ɬʵǰѾͷԨ
͵Ԩɡ
Ǻá
˵ͷ˰Σ˵ں൱ܹԴѪ½ܻغݣԺݲ
ַʽԴݵ˵ǴˡˣͺݵѪԴǣҲñһնˡԳһ˵ɫˣҵĺҲˣϣܸıһС
ԨгϣͿ󣬡䣬ֻնѪߣ
Ҫغݣ
ֻҵĸ뷨ҾãҲΨһеİ취
δأ뷨



һǧ˰ʮ 
һİѪӰ԰Ѫ⾫ᣬԳǰΡ
Ԩ־սٻפǵѪӰѪӰͻķ
һûѪ⣬Ѫܺʶķ
ûӣĻ𣬺ͰӰȣѵĻԵһ㡣
ѪɫӣȻ֮󡣰Ѿͷдħ׿ˣӣ
Ϊп
ѪӰΪħİ磬Գ仰ƲƲ죬صĴˣҿûΪ
һϮɫȹ͸İ磬üĿͷɫҲƫ졣
߸Σ类һȦȦĺɫλƣԶԶȥЩȦβϪӡ
΢СѪâԴͷľԨĲ塣
ħ׿ˣȻԨκԨĲλѪ׺֮쳹ںݵŮδõλԴļӳ֣ԭļ褡װߣǿһء
ôģԨôĲҪԳɰͰ͵عЦʵ㣬дħ׿ˣѾѲ
Ҳû
ŵӣҫĹâĵĬĬһ䣺ؾңϧѪսҾԸԶˡ
ǰԨѪӰ΢΢ҡҷ
һ£޺գ΢̡
¶ɬ֮⣬ѪӰı󣬰ҧűݣѪӰһۣƮȻһˡ
Ȼ˼룬ÿһ΢ûпڵʱԨظܡ
ΪѪԴͷԨأҲ
ļ¶Ԩֻ֪֮Զ롣
ҼǵãѾͷǰƺ԰ɣʲôʱʼ̬ȷ˴ĸı䣿ԳȻ
һû˵̷ңڰ³ǽʼԨЦ
ꡢػδ֮ǰǱݣѾ̷Ƕӡ
°Ҳ벻Ϊħ񣬳ǿߺݻûı䡣
Ĵˡ
ɫȻԺԨôʣǸʱǳ鲻޷غݡԭˡҲ֪Ժһϸ͡
Գü
⣬ǰڱڻ֡㣬컢ˡԨ
٣СҪӲţŲ֪ģôΪҺȥͽҲų⣿㲻ҪˣЩûнǰҰбӻΣ
ڣʱҲȥ½ǣ
ڳӲˣԴͷԴѪںݣҲĻ̫֮ʼ̫飬вӦǣҪƲϵĵ𣿡
Գŭˣ;ԨΪӪ
ᣬЩڴˣãĳһէ֣뵽Ԩع飬׽ԺݵѪ֮вȡ
ӦҲˣԨڳһӭ̽ļơ
Գ񾡹صĸоеԳ죬ͫױѪ⽥ʤ
ڴʱ
ಣ
̫ʼΪף̫飬Ůٱ壬Ŀ˼ħ˾£Ǳǿ߽巡Ρӡʯǿߣͨ·Ѩ
ԨѪӰԳڵĿҫǡ
򣡡
ǻ򰡣
Щ壬ݵĸھޣûеһʱ俴ԳԨѪӰǾؿʮУ˶ĵɫǳ
̩ǣ
ڣҪºݣŸΪǳ𣿡
۷׷ס
󡭡Ԩ
һߴħǵ̫飬ƺˣֲԺʱĿڣԨѪӰк
ԨһߣѪ֮
˺ִ֪ܿŻ򣬻˵ںݷ±ʣΧ˹
ѡʺǸȺء
̫ʼһȻ΢ЦţȿԵü䲻ʹĻʱģôһų˵ˣڰ˳䰡
ΪΪЩŷԳΪ壬Ѫܶ
Ƕȴãںܺã
Գһ̫ʼ·Щսʿһ򣬸һӭң߾ˡ
վʹӿҫǷ롣
ҫֱͨݵĵص׶ѨֻԨӳ೾Сܰ˳ͨ߷ߵԳûķʽѡôôأҪӽȥ
ô£̫ʼü
ͷԳǰõĸͷ۰ħٵ£ɫħһʢƳһСŮ̬Ŀ˼İ塣
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ѪӰ̬ԨȻڴ˾ǰ֣һݻĿ˼ݼӲһֳȸоİ壬ڻ
ġ
˾µȻһЦʲôҲû
ǻˣһͷ̩̹ҵȻӡ
ްĿ˼һͷ׽ľνСһǶ౦ʯķЦ޺ͷԳûȫһǰǻԸݵġ
ķۣڶ΢ǳͼİ壬΢Ц˵ġ޲׳꣬׿ϵǺͼ֣ܸܲҿһۣ
һۼɡ
Ŀ⣬ͻȻؿռ䣬޲׺ݺڵĸʯ
¡³ͬ峤һִ򣬾Ѿ֪޲׵׼ȷλ
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Ҳա̫࣬˵ǿûʲô˵ġҲֻͬ⡣
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ݣлϯλ뱾Դߣڶ򡣡Ԩ뷨
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Ī״氲ӳ೾򡣬Ժ󣬶ֹ㡣
˪֮һͨ
ԨԴļ
仰˵û뿪̫ԶͷԳŵӰ΢΢һ١
ѾͷҲͷ
ë޵°ͣɫͫд˾
Ĳͱǣ˶嵭ࡣ
氲Ī״˪ӳ೾򡣬⼸λǿ߱ڹϵҪܣҲԨҪڻ
˵ûô򵥣Ҳ˵Ԩǿȫߣ±Ρ
ºݳѵԨҪ;ɺݷֿǰ㣿
ԳţͲһవѪʯ壬ŰһεεľѪ翴һͷͷԳ
ֻҪЩѪڣȥĺỹܸҲ˽ģ˺ᣬܹڻνº



һǧ˰ʮ ʥҫս
ô£
̫ʼڲѨĿҫǣĿͷԳȥҲеͷԣֻѯԨҲԺݵıԴѵ򣿡
ɣǱС
ʱҲˡ
ԨһѪӰЩĸսʿú̫ʼ˵ܵڳʱ䣬һҪȥһ򡣡
һǿþȺ棬֪ԨŪһ
¡ٱĽ򿴹Ԩı֣಻⣬Ҳֱȥѯʡ
಻ϤۣΪ̫ʼôԨ̬ȡ
㲻ҪͺݾѰɣĿ˼Ц羫ϸСǺܿĵӣҪĻҲһ¡
֪Ԩʵݵ̫飬ƵƵؿ
Ī״氲˪ߣҲԨܾʵǸеΡ

һĿӶųĿǿ⡣
âʥ࣬峤˼üһüȣŵҲҪ֣ôѰ;
ͨǰѵԴ֮ţεͺȡ
Դ֮ţ
˼ʱ򣬵˵ͷλŵػûִǰԨ̫ʼͣڣۺħ̴ЦˣһЩص¿Դ֮ţƻӰļһԴ˽Դ硣
Ҳ˵ˡ̫ʼЦ
ва౻˵ˡٱͫģŮڲ֪ļһܵ̽Դ硣ҺܵģļȥŮյԴ硣
ŵأӦĳԴ֮ʱִܵ￪ҫǡ˵
ˣʥҫսŵأ
ʥҫŵľ𣿡
Ŵҵľһλߴӣİףżλ˼սʿ
λ׳صӱ󣬾ȻвƵġĶ󣬾Ȼλսʿ
ȺȻ֮һ
ƺովսѵļиɺѪϢ˥䣬۾޹⡣
Ȼ˿ҫǺƼԨǵѪӰʱͻȻþ࣡
ݡ
ſڣֻ˵һ֣ͣ
һѪӰԨ̫ʼ̫֮䣬˼塢°ΧţɢһصĹԣеԱѹ
ΪԨҲȥɵͷ
ƺԸԨ
峤ףҲڰ
һλʮѪսʿʥҫս֮ƵŵأԲȵĿҫĳؽŲ˿˼Ͱǰʩ󣬱㿴ˡ
Ůٱ´ˣǱڵλ
Ŀţһǿϻ̫ʼϣðһ£һλԨ
̫ʼɫȻ˿ԱǵѪӰ
Ԩɫҡ
һѪ֮
ŵض˶ӺзͳĹЦôһѪħζ׿ˣɿЩһ˵ʰĺܲ𣿻СλͬѪħζڱ̹˹˸ձˣ
̫飬иԶİϣŴس
⻰һǿҲ̫Ͱ磬ҲѪ츳ֱ棬ʵȷˡ
ŵأעԴǣ
˼С΢䣬ȻӶʥҫսǰǸض̫ʼ˵Ͱ¡෴һԴֱɣǲҪһʶ
ʥҫսôûˣ
ԨѪ֮Ƴŵһۣ˵¡ûǰǿǰʮҪûǴĻǰʮӦû˽ŵذɣʥҫսŵǺ硣
ʥҫţͰ¡ͳ޾ţһȲ̫ʼͣ΢ЦȻľźսʿ׺һ㡣
ǰʮУȷû˽ŵء̫鲹䡣
ŵسЦˣȻʹ죬Ӧ
άˣ¡Ҳˣ˹ˣҪȥĻŵҲܽǰʮˡػش
֪ŵһ͵Ԩ
ΪƵġУǸ˽ŮӣԨͲһ㡣
ԨȥʱҲԵóΣв˼


ԨǵɵϤ׼ʥǰɽ˿߱֯ͷİȣôôһز
ýˣʱ֪ǰġӦ±֯ġ
ڷө򣬱ȥǸ
ϵս״󲿷ѣҪҲõİȣ첻
Ҫǲ˵ǾͻͰ򶼻군
ͬĽһϵϥǱ˿ߴ͸ڽɫҰ˵
̧ͷжǾ˵ȣϣΪȺЩġ
ҡʲôأͳ
˵ɡ
ŵشЦ˵ĿԺ󣬲ŵ˹Լѡͱ̹˹ԣͰ¡Ⱥðħ̴Ц죬ƽͼ˪ĺ԰
أΪʥҫŵľ㽫򣡡
Ҳȥİ취һѰ򺮾ҲҵаȵѾͷ
ѪͻƵ˾żһڰ򺮾򺮾ҺҵսʿͨУȴܾˣ
ǽŰð⣬һⰡȻ˲ʶô
ߣŵҪ˵ʶԨ˵ѣѾˣ
˹¡䣬߳Ǻӵӭ˥ܡ
ŵأҪԹҫҲ԰֡
һó˹ΪĽأҲûڵ壬彫Զʧȥ԰
Щ꣬ŵغͰ¡ͰϾ¡ѹһͷ
λʥҫս񼸷Ȳϰ¡¡ɲһˡ
עǻȺһгǴȰţҪء



һǧ˰ʮ 
ǿڵ£
ŵһţǼʷϣŨرīʥҫսף˸ڶϸܵĹơ
绯һֻֻƣս׵ı棬λʥҫսͻȻõڶļӳ֣
ҲޱҫҫǸĹԴȻǼսס
ʹ˿̵һȣ峤˼⣬˵ȷ·Ȼ޹⡣
Ѫħ壬Υ̹˹ּ⣬ӹܽߡ
ŵػܣ̫ʼϣҺڽˣҲǱ̹˹˵˼Ǹ𾴱̹˹ˣŻ᳢ԺȥӴġ
λʥҫս𱴶̹˹һһˣԵΪ
̹˹˸ȥԨãھȻѪħ壬ѲѾͷҲ£
ŵز񿨶˼˵ô޴
ȻìܣǿŴħ񱴶̹˹Ĵ죬˵Ѫħ壬ΪΥ˱̹˹Ż³
ڱ̹˹뿪ˣ̫顢磬ԨһѪ֮һͺѪħйء
ѪħѾһ棬ǸԨı飬˵ҲϤ
⽫ӾҪ԰ȺԨĹϵڵ¡
Ѫħ塣
塣
ǿߣ˼ŵػ⣬Ҳһܵ顣
˾Ȼŵأ㲢ʲôԨûȥǰҲͬԴѪ½ԨѪħĿǰĹϵûô򵥡
ŵأҲ²ˡ˼ǳ⡣
ȲѪħô˵ŵعЦָűĽڡİȣĥ£ѪͻƵ˾żһ֪ǺеܣϴĶУиλȺս
ǷѶϵ£Ѷϵǧ磬򺮾죬Դ˺˲ˣ
ŵŪ˰ȵݣ˵¡
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ٴĵ˿ͱ³վһ𣬴ʱλĹСҲ߳Ϊİȥ
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׽ɫ΢ʱ͵ذסļ˵ͣ㻹ʸ룡
ףѶϵ壬ֵܰ˿˵
زɫҡҡͷԨȥɣ
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ضʱɿֵ֣ǣ峤
Ц˵ûµġ
ǰǵѪӰ·ûʥҫսǷĻڰȵͷʱڷȥ
Ľ֮ڷөʱԨ޲ߡ
ڣֻһѪ֮Ԩ͸˵ķ
Ϊǻ
Ԩ˻ףֻһѪֻ֮Ҫ߷ڣԨԴѪϢڻĵײ㷨֮ϡ
ڻǹƶߣϵo

еģͰһĽڡޣǿԨһ紩Խ˵ĽͣڵͷԨΪѵİǰ
ȣ
ѡ
˵İȻȻ̧ͷ㿴ûйอһѪɫħӰԨҡ
ȼҪվϥеȻ̣ȴ˿ѡ
зĽ˿ߣҲϥǹǺڣֻҪóȻͻ̡ܴ
¡
ûվȻ£ϥǺⲿ׽Ѫա
żѪ˾ĥµİ׽ޣѴﵽѪ߶ȣɻӲŵصĶ֣³
Ԩûоҵͬ⣬ʹ
ٴ콲ŵأͻȻʶԨһûתŭ⣺һڵСûʸ壡Ů˺е㽻ΣΥ̹˹𣬾͸뵽һ죡
ܷ
Ϳ̯ס˶ȭͷ϶ڣѪܽ֯硣
һܴأ޵ͷ­顣
֪Ԩ˭ԺλʱͽԨΪΪԼȳݵŵذļһεơ
ЪţƲأֻǱš
˿߱֯ԨѪ֮ԡ֡ȼ˿ڣһѪ͸ȥ֪״

ӡɳžι磬ƽ⡰Ľ֮
ȣˣѪĽ˿߾ʧ
ֻһ߷ҲƺûжκɡþôʧЧˡ
һѣȻŵء
˼ˡ
Ԩİɡɳ֮󣬳峤ǰ
磬̫λȻվ֮
ֿɲҵ
ݵĿ˼µСϳ˵ɣʥĹҫǶڶ౦ʯķǷ΢ЦŵĽһѱʱҵķԸҲ
Уһֱħ񱴶̹˹ݶ󡣡
Ҫʱ򣬿˼Ťͷһۣʾ岻Ҫڡ
졣
Ԩ
˿ûλð¶
Ԩ΢һͷͻȻ򣬻гȪأ
ûһ˼Ц
ȪǸǵѪͳһѪࣿŵһӡķ򾹵ſ˼峤ҪҶ죬崿Ѫͳñļһۣ
벻ͨΪνļһУˡҲܲˣ
ͬΪǿߣλʥҫŵľˣȻô˵ȥײ˼
޺·ԶЦݵĿ˼ΪǺӽڱ̹˹ǿߣû˶ŭ
Цеģĵ˵ΪӦڵ干沢ںϵĴδ
Ҳͬŵغȵ
̹˹Ҳ޳ɴ£ƽ¡˼ɰգۡ
ŵɫһ
ͦġ
Էŵ˼ǰԨ仰Ƕŵ˵ǳſ˼ˣҶˡ
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
͵ըһ˿ߣŴһѰƯڰȵͷ
˷εĴΪĹ㣬ЩŴصĽ˿С
еҫâŵصʥӲǱ޳ɾ

ԨѪ֮ڽѰġϣŶŭŵأҾҪλޣУǲ̤㰵򣡡
ʸ𣿡ŵŭ
ת̫ʼ
̫ʼͷЦĹأ˭ǿ˭ģھڵǿߡ
ŵֿ죬Ц䵽ز𣿡
ɫһ˼ûֹȻŵصǰȭ̧֣һƣʥҫս
ҲС̫䡣
ҪսŵָԨ̫ʼȻ˵ˣڵǿߣҾͺһս



һǧ˰ʮ ߵپ
ŵشһ峤˼һǵЦ
ƺͲˡ
Ϊ֮Ȼͷʥҫսֵһ
ǿյĻֽԨƿ֣ǰһ츣ҵĺ¡
ŵ䲻ðźԨصŮӣôе㲻ʱˣɷ羰
λ۷ǿߵĳ䣬Ѳ嵱£Ҳû岻ţŵѡҲ˾侮ʯɡ
̴Цͻƽλ˪֮ڰʱôû˵Ҫȥ
ôʱ˿ŵص񣬽ò̫ˣԹû¡
һǲڴĳطûŪƣôҺԨȥ˵ĻǱеȡ
ֻҪ֪ʲôǰַʲôͲԨڵݵλ
Ԩս
ŵΪʥҫŵĽʲô㣬һŪĸо
˾£۲ſ˼Ͱ壬ֿŵϵǼףѴżѪΪ۷ʮսʿ򣬿ӵһ̳ߣٽһʱõʥ
ʥҫսףǱͻȻˡ
ʥҫսʥڿ˼ķȡ֮⣬ŵػռ˼׼ʥҪø򡣡ºĻѾħˣҲ¿˼Լ֣
ãŵزԨҲĹΪ֮
ŵԣǼλżսӦڿ˼ģٳһ¡
˾˵Ŀ
Ǳ󣬲ɿЦĿ˼ȻԨǾ仰ĺ塣
ͦġ
Ҳڴ˿̣İ˵ûҪɣ
ҲǶŵ˵ǿſ˼϶ŵػΪӣһп˼أ˽Լͬ顣
ŵԼҪ֣˵ֲֻඡ˼Ц˵
ô˵Ҳʮսʿ಻ã
Ѫ˲ս꣬ͬΪʮ۷սʿȻܹͨİ취ʮսʿĲûһ׵ģӦϡġ
ҵĻֻб̹˹Ͳֵϡ˼Ӧ
ǵĽʹ˽
Ԩںδ
ŵػӻ֣ʾ̫ÿŽΪеԨģҲ۸߷
ֺϷûһˣ˸߲ҡ
Ծ
ʥҫսӲ̫ðɣƺһսԨжôǿ󡣡
±Ρ
ŵصĹоЩʶԨֵսߵУһҪС
ǰʮûϵŵأƾʲôڵԨһս
ңѰĽ˿ϣԨŹֵؿŵأǻʲôףڻսң
Σŵغȵ
ǺðɡԨ߰ѪӰͷһԸһȰɡ

ݣκ
ڷڲݵӨʯ̨ͷ͵ĹΣзɳԨ
Ǳ߾ӿŸǿߣŵذļһƣϺߡΪӣԨ׼û뿪ˡ

ն̨ΪһʯӺʶ΢Ļ󡱾ʹ˽⿪
ɫȹԯפ֮ܲԕFصĶʧ
㡣ԨչһЦӭ˹ȥôˣ
˵ʱͬգҲٹ˼
촽޺䡰Һο˼½ħ޺аİĽڳħſΪ֮ԡ
ʦһһϣѯ
ٴԺԯЩнĿǼݿֿ·ڵĽڵļ˪Ҳڡ
֪ģ˪ûлϯλǰӺԨͷ
½֪
ԨĪ״ԵػʱǳħϽһɽҲ籡ܡҲʱõػһЩͻƵھ
ܲԕFɬһЦֻأػĪ״ǶˡʧȥѪ֮׷עûˣڸͻھʱĻڽ۶һ
֮·ϣģأ
ʱ¹ʦ꼰㣬ѪอᣬΪսѪܣҲ˶Ͼ˷֮·
㡭ˣԨȻ
ûѪ֮ʣһңҲ
ΪħֵܲԕFԭǳħõļߣڴ֪꣬ߣת֧ԯó֮·㽫޳ظ֪ԯ
ҲгǿߵϣԨ
ûѪǣƾһܽߣܲԕFãȻ
簲磬Ѫ㣬תѪ̵طԺѪͨѪ̰ص౦ѪڹעԨ˼·ɾߣܲݱԴܲвȡ
ܲԕFͷ뿴
أԯ
¡Ԩɫ˼¿ܲԕF
ѫʱΪҳǺӶɿڣҽӴԴѪҲǼǺ㣬Ż˶㡣εԨһȥһ˻ɣ
򣿡һ
ţں֡Ժ󣬿ܻӵ֡Ԩնͷзֿ
ڰո£뵽ԯҲ֮׵ڣ͸оǹɼµĻ棬ԶԴġ
ݵĵģͬ˵֮ܵΣ
ںݣȺѨŮʵΪŪԴ갵ص⿪µİš
ȥ𣿡ԯѯܲԕF
Զ֪٣ħͼΪ飬˺ݣνͬˣ𣿡ܲԕFжǳҡҡͷ󣬵ȥɣҲȥ򿴿ǵĻᡣ
õġ

ú
һűǹ⣬ԽݵĽڣԴ½Ľڡ
нڵֵɣгħڵ󣬻ͷԳΪ񲻾õĪ״氲
ӳ೾򡶼ˣ
ݵǿߣаλУõİۼһ顣
Ļλ߶ںݣһڽڣ
컢Զ̴Ц졢Ĭr⣬ĺǿߣʱȻͣס˽̸Եú֡
ôˣ˪ڱֱĽɽͣסŰλԱԴߣɫΪأȵʲô鷢𣿡
Ԩڻ򷢻ݵ̤УҲ㡣أ۽´أĪ״״˵Ժ֮ѪЮ֣ΨԨɽ⡣ҵ˼ԨǾء
Ϊ˺ݵĲΪӲ𡣡



һǧ˰ʮ һ
򣬿ҫǡ
԰Ϊ壬ԨעѪܺ־Ϊһ߷֪˶һȥݺ
ݺ޲һǶͷ屦Ҳڵϣ
;巡̷ɽˣһԭݺڣǵ֪ݺ޲׺ģĻϲȥ
սʿҲԨŵصĺսõȥ
ҲĹؼλľżսʿͨѪ۷ʮ
ĽΪͼʶԨͬŵصƣˣԨָѡʺŵǳ
̩ݲţЩŵغԨսߣ̴ӿҫ뿪
ܿ죬ڿҫǵսʿֻʣһ롣
ŵҲ֪ʲôǲͿ˼˵
ţÿÿ񣬶˶⡣
ŵصУ峤˼ͬޱȼ̣峤ʥҫս׺ͼ׼ʥҲǳı֮һ
Ϊİ壬һӣҲôˡ
졣
һİĵص׶ѨڣҫѤõĹâ
ԨıЯܲԕFԯˣ½صͨӺݵִ
һ֣ǾѪ֮롣
Ԩɫ΢죬ƳһʥҫսסŵأٵƬ̡
ն̨գӨ׵ʯ̨͵طŴɫͿҫǱһ¡

̺ռصĹն̨䣬ע뿪ҫǱе¶Ѩ
ڶͿҫӵģܹӱأǰĶѨ
Դ֮ĿռЩԴ֮šͿҫʵֻͨ
ԿҫǾȡǿܣԴ֮ҪɾԼԨı壬Ϊа
ľֶΣȵϣ¿ҫǺ͸綼аصͨ
˿̣Ԩն̨Ϊһͨ˼ϰ
Щǿߣͨ
ǺǱߣ
½غֻħԨӵͨӳ೾Ƶãֲһ·ͻĿҫͨ
˫ͨΪ
ӳ೾ΰߣͨ
ܲԕFԯǰľ˾һ͵޽صĽͽơ
Ҫƺݵ͡
ӳ೾гԺݵЩߣ޷½ص̼ͨصĿռϣִĿҫǡ
ǷӰش
ħڣܲԕFԯ
Ԩն̨ʩʱ̻ͨʯκͷӣйŻڵ͵ˣɫ΢΢Щȡ
ܲԕFԯζԶ
˳ħڵߣȻûйصأԨһͬ˻˵ʲô
ħǱߣѾƣ̫ӺԶˣ
ǿǳҫۣ˵ġѤöʣ
ֻʣ֮ܲԕFԯ󣬾ЦźΡӴкڶе̩Ǿȵ
ڴ˵Ŀҫǣ̩ԶԶԶܿǿŵɫ̩ǣŵǺŨ
ԶԶܱߣ
ڣ̩ǣһȫµĺݡ̩ǱȺݴĶ࣬ʿḻҸǿŨ˲֪ٱʯһӣڵ˵̩ϷָǿıԴ
ȫµĺݣ
ܲԕFԯ𺳡
ֱ˿̣˲ʶΪ̻ͨᣬôȺһ
ҪͼıĶǵ
ǵλ˵ĺͼ־
ΰɽն̨ʩԨӰͳ˵
նߣ
̫
¡¡
һشؾе˶ǳʱгƵ𣬲Ĳɫ⽦䡣
ǣԯ
̫ʼˣ˿̩ǵĵ£չĴط򡣡
쳣òĽ࣬Ц廨׺°ɫȹ
ɢӨ⣬ɽϪӰ峺ƵƵԯϣԨһֱ岻Ůӳ˺档
ԯĿɫǣ
ҲڵһԱֻǳ⣬ҽнࡣ
Ŷ
ԯͷֿ˿̻ڿҫǵĵ˿롰Ժ󣬺͵˿ŵİȡ
ȿԨڲأͬΪŮ˵ԯ˲֪ļ
Ʒĵ˿һȰ˵ȣһָԨС˵ʲôҲԯ΢ɬ
ˡ
һѤõĹڿҫǵıѨڣ޽ڶն̨ͨĽͽԺԨһ
ӼκͼԿռߣֻҪЩƣܷӦն̨
ںδܵһʱ֪
ӳ೾ۣΰ㾫ͨռߡ
ʥҫսŵء
Ԩ֮šֻǱԨն̨λԱ˼ƵʥҫŽ΢Ц˵һ䣬Ҫսң
ŵξû𻰡
ԵЩԥ˴˾£ħǱ
ڿҫǵȺԨӣ˾װأ˵һľѪħԴͷԨû¡
»˵ˣԨľ
ŵͷҲ˱ýˡ
ԨǾ񣿡
˿̣۵Ŀ˼Цѯʡ
Ŀǰ˻иҪҪԨ
˼һ˼ı飬ûƺ̫ƽӣҪˣ
Уŵسȡ
һԨزõʥҫսƽ˼
˼ҡͷã̫á
䣡
ŵذεض𣬡ʥҫսסȻһ貵ǿڵշԨ
Ԩأȿ˿˼һۣն̨׳
޴ĥ̰ն̨λʥҫս񣬺ǺӵʥһͬӸ߿䣬ֱ׹ĵǺ
ŵն̨һûܵס



һǧ˰ʮ пԶ
ն̨ͣգһҫգŵȻ޹⡣
ŵسԨն̨ҷɣɲǼ䡣
˿̣λʥҫսף类ӳֵ⣬ն̨ӳ£·ʧȥء
ױУƣµĹȫڱˡ

˽µĿҫǣն̨ȻһЩѰ鲼رĶѨ۾
һ˳еŵء
ն̨ͿҫǱΪһ壬ԨļͽϣศɣͨҲܻеС
ǻɵϵ̩̹һ
ն̨ԨͷŲϳţԴڻܼطеŵأʥҫս࣬Ѫѹƣһ¡
ƫҪѡһսҲ֪˭
Ԩеͬλʥҫսˡ
δһնֵ̨ܺ潻棬Ѫս
ôȵϻ
ǱֻҪڻڣٴһء
Ϊǣȫܶûĵײ㷨ϵ˻ǰ㡣
Դ̩̹ྫ򣬺ִƵն̨ңӦñһص顣
ڴ˵һǰʮûȥνǿʵ̫ˡ
ŵҲ̫˰ɣ
ô˵Ҳ۷սʿͺն̨һ£㱻ҷˣ
Ԩսֵ˲ǿŵԼ벻
ã
Ůˣվڿҫǵıأ̽ͷ̽ԵţŵصĹ֮Ӱƹ㽥Ϩ
ĳֻ谵ɭķγѪ
޷һ˿⣬ҲǼΪġʥҫսסѹţܷ
㲻ɣ
Ԩ˿ҫǣİǿŽҪʧҰŵأƳ˿˼һۡ
ᡣ
һն̨ƾʧ

а磬İҲ۾һǿն̨Яһַŵء
ԭʧŵأ磬ٴγڴҵҰ
ŵû־壬ֻã;죬ƺڻûŪףΪ˵Ĳһ
ʼʮѪǲǳʲô⣿
ȻĻն̨һеڶѪôǱˣһ
ʹڤڤУһͷ۰ԻģӰ֡
ķĵ磬ӰƬ϶ðӰعĲпҫǵǿ߸еϢ
ֻǿģӰѪ࣬Ǳסˡ

ŵھг
Ǽϣ֮õġʥҫսסѪߣնϡ
Ҳܲս״İȫУʥҫսסϵСţһ˷ָ
СŮĿ˼ݳЦ⣬ʱſڵŵطӲʥҫս׵Ҳʱ򽻸ˡ
ġʥҫսס·İɳ
˼ȣϸİӨСŷȣǼʥҫսסһ㣬תʥϢսףͷŵǰʧ
Ҫȥ
˼ЦţԨǷСϵı̫࣬ˣά¡˹ԽԽԴԽԽĿˡһ̵ĽѵǺ£Ȼᱻݵɱ
λס˹·Զ峤Ŀŵصϣʥҫ
˼еĹȨȣ׹еŵصһ¡
ŵѪĻײ㷨򣬾貵Ĺҫǿн⿪ŵ类䶳࣬ѩһڻ
ŵص׹ƾʹͣס
ͷİ˾Ŀ˼һθܵѪĴڣ
ǲǳںݣǲҪԴҲܽ壬ж۷ʮսʿҲҪΪȥ·˼üͷһպ˼룬ңı򡣡
ŵػͷ
ˡ˼Ȩ𣬲ٿЦŶ԰˵İһԼڵ˲ȥȾָ
ʹеĿ˼⣬лĿꡣ
ؿΪԨ˼΢Ц͡
ЩЧŵأͬλʥҫսǰսʿȫվ
Ȼûһŵء
˼ͳȻݣ˿¶š
Ԩ΢΢ü»أԼ
Ҳڴʱ
ĳڴԨֻ޴㣬еѨӺݴ𽣬һͬ
һ֣ɫ½صĻ򣬲һѨ
Ѩ֦Σ͸ԵĲľȻѨ
̬𽣬ѨԶأӰʥع
̩ǲŻῪţڻжȥѡǵءԨԸһ䣬ָܲԕFԯ̫˵տһǡ
ͬʱѶ̫飬̻ʯܲԕFԯˣԴ̩ǡ
壬ݻǰ
̫ᡣ
µĿ˹ȥһ¡
ն̨ҫ߲ϼ⣬ռ߱˲ִĳڡ
Ԩ
̬ԣ໶˵ǷŮʱµѨƵŮʱ˵ԵĻѨ̩ǡ
㡰֨֨лͬһ˼
ѨҪһս˵µ𣿡
ͻĵЯšѨԨͻȻֵ
ݵʱڴ󡰻ѨԱߣܵ˲ŮʵĴѶصģ˵ˡ
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ֻǸʵʩĲѽ˵
ǣܷͨѨѪӦԨһ뵽һܣǲΪȺݰȫѨûʲô˵
ѣ˵һҪعݣԲҪȥӴԴꡣ
˵ԴԨʴѷ˸ı䡣
ŮʴδΪϵǿվ֮һȴħ񱴶̹˹Զ
ȫԺŮʱ£Ƚеļ䶼һˣѵҲʲô
ԣԼĵһͲŮʣйΪܵĽӴ
һԼºݣش֣
˵ѨɲˡѨǴˣԺҲȥˡ



һǧ˰ʮ Գ
½ء
ʱ֮ӳ೾üͷ̤ͨڼ˪ǰȥ˻ˡ
ͷ˵ҵЩ֮ﶼ̩ǣ˼żľɶڿҵĻعء
ӳ೾СҲ֪ȥ˺δҲء
˪ɫ䣬һС̷ĺ䱣ô£
䱿Ҳ
ֻ֪ԨܲԕFԯ뿪ǰ˵һʱ䲻غݣҲ˵ֻͨħԨʼմӣȥǲˡ
䱲е飬ȷʵ˴𰸡
Ĳǻȥˡ
ӳ೾Ҳ벻ԭ򣬿յ˵Ī״˵ֻҪȥһ˵صƵʩ֮ѪӰ졣е֮ϣںڲûʲôвζܣ
Ǵη裬úݵɺǿ߶ˣ˺ݵĸ
Ī״״Ļ˴һϣԸ߻ϣͨԨ
ƫƫĹȷߴԨֹǰ
˪ĬƬ̣ҴӦȥ򣬲ҪȰֻҪԴѪ½ǹɼҵ̬˸ı䡣
Ҿʲô鷢ˡ磬о˲Ծ
Ȼȥ˻򣬲ܺ˵ôӳ೾һͨҫ߲ʹԣڽغ˿ռ䣬˼½Ѫ̡
Ѫǰͣ£Ԩһ˵

Ѫһԥ˵һֱ־ϣҲ֪ʲô취֪ͨ
ӳ೾ͷŽͨͷǾ֮ݡ
á
Ƭ̺Ѫҡҡͷûá


ѵȥһͷԳվڡѨԱߣһĿ֦ܲһ˿Ϣ
ͰӵĳѨʧȥŮʾȡȫ
ԳĿŭɫȵԨ㣬Ǿʲôң
æ䡰ѨѨڸգȴûܵõ޴Ļرöˡ
еȻԹ
ԶĿռ䴫̻Щ˵սľؿλ˵бԳ衣
ȥѨҲûãҲȥˡԳ죬ɫ𽥱ҵĺǰˣõԴѪӵҺӻҪǲϰæĻ
Գڴյ
Ʒţепֲķ籩
ںݵĸߣ׷ӦŴķλ
֪ͷԳԹ۵һ̶ȣҲΪ

Գͺ𣬺һ½صĸ߿գֳһΡɽӰ
ڵġ컯˲䱻γɫĹ֡
򡣬м˪һ̧ͷͿ˻ԻһӰ֪ͷԳڶڲ̫ˬ
С̷˵ĺ䱣޺󣬾˻⡣
һᾡ촫⣡æ

̩ǡ
Ĵأӿݵ̫ʼƽޱȳŨҵĸǿע룬滨ݣľҲ쳣׳
ıʯ飬ݣ̩ǶһЩƷʻѡ
ûڣûд⣬ֱӦоУ
̻ͨʯΡӵͬ£շţ̾кܶັĽģǺݾĵر
ǸذƵƵͷ
ҲûĽڽǰҲȥ翴ûзʲôطܹ̩ǰ棡
ºѡַڴˣõġ˵λնƶºݼƻѵںܾǰ϶̩ǣʯεһȦ󣬺̻ͣһվɽ塣
ǵͷ޴ӿֵǿҲܸӦ
ŨǿܣǴӿģ档
ԨҲûȫŪס
Σһ󣬾ͼն̨Ȼ֡
ڷŴն̨Ϸл꣬һתŵĳѨ
Ѩ
ŮʵѨͻȻ˻򣿡
̩ͬǵ̫飬аˣն̨عӸ۶
ҲܲԕFԯ
ܿ죬Ǿͷֻ꣬šѨն̨ƺѡĵط
ã̩һƬδɭ֣ܵ˻ǴųѨ˹ȥ
䣡
ӯĳѨͣɭִصһ̣еĹľͻݣ·Ѩ˲ڡ
˿˿ľѨע룬֦졣
ŮʵѨѰ֦̲֯ءѰռľܡ

̩ǵǿܣҲѨӿȥֲĲ㡣
ҪһЩʱ䣬Ѩĸܱһһ֡
̬𽣬ŸԨһɫɴȹŮü续һҹļƣ˵ܺãȰʥضǳʺѨ䡣
Ԩ˵ͷϲͺá

ѨͻȻأ˷ЩеܣҲѨƴǣ
Ե쳣ʵӡ



һǧ˰ʮ ﲻס
ɭֵѨ纣ˮһ㣬ȡ޶ȵûܣ

̩Ǹ߿յǺУЩ籡һûɢȥ㱻Ѩ
Ѩÿ֦ҫŴ⣬ͬʱɢ
ϸܵȻƣ֦гֳ͸ŵζ̲ܹľһݼŵ硣
ɭֵĹľݣûбѨȡѨïʢ
ӰʥشѨ̩ԺƺͻȻľϲ
ѨܱߵǿܣԶԶɭеĲľȫѡ
ѡȡ
ŮʵѨ
̫ʼӴ߳ѨǰۼٲչйѨɫЩλ˼
̩ǵ죬ԴԶ
̩ҲнɣܾŨǿܣתΪ硣
ѡ̩ǴΪºݵԭ
ȻڣŮʵһѨЩӿһռ˲١
ŲһӻУˣһӰ쵽̩ǡ
̫ʼԵȡ
ûΪŮ̬𽣬̫ʼĲӵڳѨУȰɫԨҪʱ䡣
Ԩͷ
ʱ̫Ͱ磬ʯӵˣҲѨ춯ؿųѨ
ǵУѨſڵľޣչֳԭʼıܣӶеĸ
Ϊ֪ԨͲŮʹϵǳǱ㲻ö˵ʲôһнԨ

κüһʲôƯڳѨ룬Ԩ˵Ůʱ㣬Ѩȡǿ
ѾôˣԨɫ糣
ʶڰǱߣŮʱºսӦô·磬и֧ţԨȻ
кܶ໰ҪѯʲŮʣںݣ
С
Ůģ𽣬ٴſڵʱԨȰڳѨͣס
ְһ֦ϣҪתˣԼͨ
ԴԨһ˿ѪܣǸ֦ǣΪʵͳߣԨͷͽ֦ǿա
ܵ˲ŮʵϢϵиſ־졣
ǣԨһͷ˰ġѨ
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ҵ̫ԭ谵ҫĴŹľѿ
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һֻ׷ŵľ޴ܣ̫м䣬̫ͫδδȼա
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ѨɺԵ͡Ѩӣõǿܵע룬ѨͳġѰú¶
ƵĲŮʣԶǿշҲһ㡣
·ڸ߼ۺ̴Ц죬Ѱҵµ
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Ԩǣǹʴ˲߳˳Ѩ
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ԨļС
̩ǵЩˣεġѨȻΪϡ
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Ԩ֦ϵֻ֣ʶѪܣѲԸ밵ġѨǱ߾ʲô
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пܣսһһٻ컢
òŮʣۺ̴ЦΪʱٻʮ컢ϸ쾪ϲ
п־;
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Ǿ仰͸¶ѶϢһֱڵȲŮʣӡѨڻȡӶȷѨķλ
ҪɱŮʱĿܡ



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ǡ֪ˣ
ץżλڵľ뢣յ̻ڽôãǾȻش
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櫺ͱ̹˹Ĺϵ̫鲢û͸¶
ŷûǿܵġѨ̫ʼѸ侲ԨһͻȻżȥ򡣡
Ԩü
ͻ򣬲սءУǾûֵܹˣѳ˵㡣
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ǿսڣ

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һϯλǴӦġɯܽΪʮѪҹ͹ħҲгġ̫ʼĻԹļˣõɯһкû򣬺ȻݣȻֵɱˣԼѵûΣ
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ֵɣ˵ֻҪԨغݣӵػɽصףµɱԴᣡ



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εǣվӭͣȥԸѹ

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ڲ
ƶЦһηֳ⣬ԭвٳԺݵϹ֣ûбԴҲλ㳣ǺӲϹ顣
˵ɱԴãţðͷˡ


Ů𽣬ڡѨԱܣУŮʣ

ֹͣ޶ȡǺܵѨȻûӿŨĲľܡ
СԺġѰڳѨڳ֣ٿһӳѨγն
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Ϊ̬֮ͷŵᣬǾ˴Ĳʴ⻷ƣԳӯ˻Ѫ
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仰Ժһ֣̩ǵĸ߿ո֣ڶ·
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ڻƵưСУԨ޲׵Ĳ߳վ̫ʼ˵ǰŴڵˣߵ͡
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Ī״֮״Ѷӳ೾ѪҪ󣬻ŭϼ˪
ڣɱԴջ
Ԩûôżģ㲻Ҫᡣ̷ɽ̹Ȼ
ܲżȴԵúż
ʲô
̷ɽѹ



һǧ˰ʮ ص
꣡
޲ײĴأܲסܣѳ϶
ϼĹԣӴط϶ڳգγɵĽڣӨӨĽУҫһĻĻģͼ
ҷ򣬷ө򡣡
ۣϤǺ磬ͽϵͼжա
־ûж©Ͳ죡
ڴ޲׳Ժ󣬽ֳĴ˽ͼ˸ŨȤ
¡
Ӵ޲ףͻȻĴطֿһԾ˵صף˵Ľ֡
Ǿ޴½صļ׿ϣȺڻۣһƬƬͼ׷ڸ֡
ȻҪˣ
޲ףֵ֮࣬Ƕ࿴
̷ɽһۣҲŸϻغˣۿֻ޲ףֳܳٵء
巵ͷƼֻ޵ļ׿ϷǹΪ֮ۡ
һشصǹ⣬Ϊ㣬һſǳ
ǳڼ׿ŲѭĹ켣·ȥſ̵׺췱ǡ
һֻԵͼþ巸еϤϸ֮žǺݡ
ݾȻڱ߽ǣ
ݣڴ˷ڣԭ롣ν磬ǬĺģֻΪݵǿ̫࣬ˡ
Ȼ
Ǻݣ
ݺȹѤǹ⣬ľӰ㣬ͣ׿ǵĽ䣬ľС֣һտɫǳĿ¶ؽ͵ʦ̷壬ǿ쿴ǵĺݣ
ݡ
һ۲ǿտɫǳص
ף
̫ʼɫ䡣
ֻǿű޲ڼ׿ǣ˴עտǳȻģ
󣬴ݵǳȻҪʧ
˵ĸоűȺޱȼɵֵǳ磬ӵԼǺʶ
Ӧ쳣쵽˲ףڱ
䣡¡
ǰ޲ף߸߰ͷʹš
ݺʧɫٿػһǹ⣬һε޲׵Ķͷλã־һӣݺУ˵
ݺļ͸ſ־š
˵ʲô̫ʼȵ
ڵˣȫᵽ˲ԾҲعݣȥܴλıԴˡ
ǿ޲ףŲϱ䵭տɫǳʱˡ
ҲڴʱɢڻĸǿߣŴ˵ظ
ΪŮҲŶ

ݵǿտɫǳǰڵ޲׵ļ׿类иɼѪ۳֣
ô̵ļ׿ǣƾն̵˺ۣĿࡣ
˭ɵģ
ݣ
·𣬽ֻǽݵ׼ȷλãڼ׿Ͻ֣ʹŭ˺ݡ
Ǻϳ޲ף

˾£˼а۷սʿɢӨӨĽ⣬ĿԽ͸Ľڣ߿޲ס
ؿǿ飬׿ǵһǴԵ˺ۡ
ÿ£
Ůٱ߰ķ˿ţŵɫĹ硣

ͬ޲׵ļ׿֮ϣһĳǳҲ֪޲׵Ĵڣųɱ䡣
ԴѪ½
ֻһۣԨů⣬崺ĸо
ԶԴѪ½һ޲׵ļ׿ǳ֣ƺᵽֻ޲׵ڣԨѪ
ǿվޱԴѪɢֻͣ޲ڣԨѪ
ǡ
ǿտɫǳĸֺ޲ױи˺ѵλã˿ͻȻʼ˼ϣ
ϵ̩̹죬ŵѪԴѪ
˿̣µԨֱԴѪУ
򣬺еԴѪ½̫ԨԴ͹֮ͨ
ԴѪδѣȴܵذ޲ףһѪܡ
ͣ
Ѫ⽻֯ţ޲˺ѵ˿Ѹϡ
ݵһտһͬȼ־ĸԤͲ֣޲׵ļ׿ǽʧ
޲ҲӳղݣҲǺݵǱ֮տǳˡ
Ӵ޲ףţ׿ϵͼӿ֣ȴеˣСæ³صס
Ҫݷһʱ䣬ܳꡣ
ݺ˵
ǿͷԨ̫ʼˣ˿̶Ĭˡ
˷ǳ磬ҿˡ
šȺ֮ӡƺ£̳仯һƬǺͼע
ͣ£
ǳ⡣

µ̳Ҫ޲չֵͼݺԴѪ½ķʱͻȻѿ
żѪ£ΪӰˣ³屦
֮ġ̳Ϊôһðʧٶһ龧̨ըѣǧСľâԺ޲ס
ʹ໣ʮֺ̳صѪҲ˱ѶϿ
µѪȼѸµøݣѪܼʧ
ɫˮŭҾͲ򣡡
ϵ£Ī˵¹סɫ԰׵£翴һϡ䱦ˤϡá
ʹļף
ҿʲôݣԴѪ½Լ˼־ǣصĴڣ
̻ͨʯΡվڽ⣬š
ϲλҼʶ˷磬ص漣
ԨѿĴأ̫ʼϣܵ޲־أ˾޵ĳ˯״̬
Ϊ޲׳˯жجΡ
ֻûľޣôҲû뵽ӡѪɱʱᴥںݺԴѪ½ࡣ
˶



һǧ˰ʮ Ԩ
УŮ̬֮֡
һִ޲׸ڵص״ҳΪһִǿֻδ޲мɵ
ΪӶ޲׵ѪΪǰĻߣ
ŴѨҺͱɢ;綾Ϣ
ںݵġѨڰġѨйѨ룬ԱԻ
̺綾Ѩɫʰ߲һҷγɡ
ӻ߻ȡѪ
Ůʣ
ߣĸߵȽѪսʿͷ
ҫĿĲ񡣡
Ŀ˼ĿͫУ͵Ĺԣǣ΢Ц˵ϣܹ
̩ǷŹ¾ղɼĳˣû
ʮǰΧɱ˵ǿУĳԱ
˵ͷ͸ڵˣݵİɫ컢½ߵ룬ǱıԴ
᣿
һ޲׸ոյĲ״ǿտɫǳ춯һЩ뷨

ն̨·ƴأԨͲŮƽеû°ɣ
Ҹøл䣬µɫĵԤҺѴӰ
¶ᳶһԨԺ
ںݴʱӳ೾ͷҾѨһͷ߲壬֦ųѪ⾫ʱй쳣͸
ǹӳ೾ĵıԴԼо
ͣҲԸͨݵĳѨҲǲͷΪûıҡ
ΪһڻҲͷͷСȡҵѪ
ҷԤˡ
ûϸԨѾȻҪԸ
Զȵǿ󣬺ݵĵص֮޷ͨԴָʹ컢룬ʵʩΡܹģǽıԴջأɽ
򵥵شѶ󣬳˵Ҫʱָ
Ԩصص˵ͷ
˻̬ĳѨ͡ѰķȥɳһЩ֦ɽ±֯ΪѨ
˼Ǻݰ컢ıԴ
̷ɽȲŮ뿪ˣֵ˵ѵ˵ݵ־ջıԴǰû
ƺ᲻ˡ̫ʼȡ
ֹǰᡭ
ˣ巡̷ɽ˼Ȼۿˣ־Դ޲׵ɱ֣˵ƺǱĬأӰںϱԴߡԺݵߣбԴ񣬶ᱻָʹ
ھʱ򣬶ڳߵ״̬־ʱ̡ܶ
ڣӦѵõ״̬ҲôһΡ
һ仰Ԩû˵
һѵʱӦáڱݻٵʱ
Զı֣ߵӦϣҲ־չ֡
Ǹ¿һ¡
ͷۿŰ塢µ˵ĴҴȥλȺ֮ӡĲ״޲ɵġ
Ǻݵص׵־
˵ⷬɫ컢뱾Դʧеһ˿ļ²˼Ԩ̫ʼһѡ
ºλ
ڱкݣٴαǿ׳Ϊβԭĺݴ磬̫ʼ̫顢λ
λΪλ޹طݣ
ֳɵλںϣƫҪķѸľºݣھͼʲô
Ѻݵ־
ͻȻͨˣҲԨôԳ뿪ر˿ҫǺͺݵ߽ͨˡ
Ԩݵĵ־
ǲżعݣɱԴǾɡ
˾Ķʾ̷ɽ;侲Ҫ뿪޲ײأĵصȵȿ޲ɱɹȺǱ߸ѶϢĴ
ġ
̷ɽЦ¡
ݵ񣬻Ƕ˶ʰ
ĺϸĿ˼Ԩգ۾СɵݳǳЦȻ˵Ԩ֮ǱҪսǿԹȥġ
Ԩ΢
Ԩ֮ţǱʲô쳣ٱԡ
ħĴ˾£ħӿͳ˵ԨΪ̹˹˵ġǵأԨڣ֮ǡʼռţ̹˹ѳԽ̩̹
ʵ
˼һ࣬ȵʱһֱǰڽ̹˹ˣҲֵɣڲϵش漣̴Цļһӱ
ϵģ޵еĴڣǲɳԽ

Ԩ֮š
գ
һȷɿġԴ֮šУɳлᦹסļۣںڰŵ̴ЦҲ˳
ſڷۣ޽ҷ˿ħսܶû˱Դ֣ıԴʧˣҵΪû£

̧ͷ̴ЦȿԨᣬлΪС
һַ˲ɫԨߵǻҿСԨ֮ţ͸оһ˳
Ӧòˡ̾
ڲ᱾Դ֮ǳˣȻĻôͻȻʧȥ˱Դ̴Цü
ôԨ
Դ֮ƴҪµصףҪӴʲôУԨƯôã˵Ԩ䣿Ԩʡ
֪𰸵Ļȥһ
̬ļָۣġԴ֮šԨ֣겻Ǿȥһ̽𣿻ȥодˡ
ɣ
Сߺȡ
̴ЦЦԴ粢ΣգֻԨĻڻεȥĻҿΪ·
Դ磿ǽԨԨ΢Ц
ԣԸ⣬ҴԨǡ롣
αô鷳ҪԨ֮Σ
ŵԨµĲɫӿһشصĲۣһȥҲͲˡ



һǧ˰ʮ Ĵں
Ҫ
һлᦣĻӰȻԨǰͣס
ۿԨĽ£һش̺ѪذµţԨؼѪۣæ˵
á
ԨȻһЦɫ춯ʹͣס
УСڵͷǿվޣ׷׳һ
СԨƺŵ棬еĽţΪѤõġԨ֮šϾͻ顣
ΪӴɽԨа񣬽Ⱥӵس˽磬һͬŰء
ϮΪټԨаĵûħ񱴶̹˹磬ܳŵס
涼еġ
Ԩ֮š飬ȥԨڡ
𣿡
̴Ц쵹ǲˣڵƮݹԨǾˣͣüԨ֮Ų飬ҵı͵ԨνڰԴںϣ
ԴԨط
һħԴ磬Ĭrִ֮һΨܻؾ
ԴУĺڰҲֻǻ̬֮Ѫʵ塣
ЩĤݵĺڰԨԭʼ̬ġ
ݺڰ͸¶ѶϢм۵˵ֻԱԨԨڶڰԴܣܳΪڰ
ԨаڶԨа̷Ϊ
ħ꣬ҲûбԨֻǽ뵽Դ磬Щ̬ͬԨӴˡ
ڶԴԨʱ۾ԸԨֱ꣬ӾȥԨ
ǾǺʹħ񱴶̹˹һĴˡ
ԨУԨܿԨ羿ôӵģܿԨѪ壬ԨĹȺ
ʵԨõԴ磬ǲͬնġ
ͼ۽ˣһҪɱһҪ顰Ԩ֮š
ԨʵʩˣƺгɹĿԣȴͻȻͣ
̴Ц첻⡣
ȣڰͨﻹѰ
лΪۣ徫һָֻ֣Դ֮š˵ֻҪˣֻҪԨ֮ţ̩̹صѪУܰľѪ
̴ЦĻԨ֮ŻΪĵִٴβƣ
ȼۿڣħֵȻɱԸȣҸоҪǱԨ֮̾ӿŵѪ⾫ܣƺܱԨٴںϡ
̴Ц°ͣжǻɣۣĪ㻹Ǵڣλη
Ԩ̫նһ£ħҲ֪
ɻ󣬻׹ԨļۣȻԼΪڵһӣһжΪڡ
ȻΪβԸԨ顰Ԩ֮š
ΪںʱԨвͽԴ֮šˣ
ˡӡ
̴Цɣ۳Ĭ˰Σ˵Ƚݵ⣬ȻԨ֮ţңԴҶá
Ԩ۾
˺ݵ鷳٣ҲҪһγ˯Ҷ֪һβףҲܳʱ䱣ŵ״̬
Ԩȣ֪٣
˽һɬҡҡͷ̾ħ񱴶̹˹Ҳ뿪Ժ󣬺ʧȥ˸Ӧʶϴεõϲģֻһ𣿡
⻰һϵͷޣ̴Ц춼Ԩ

·о˼۵ĴڣɫӴ飬һοʼ˻ۡ
ǣǲûгײԨ֮ţûҪż˼
лᦹŵļۣ·ĺڰ˿̫ԾǱ侲ҪƵײġ
ಣ
һƻӰ볨ġԴ֮šѸٵԴڣҪԴͨԨЩа
Ƭ̺
лᦹסļۣ˵ĬrʯеƬԴ˻ͨ
Դ֮һֱȴ飬Ĭrʵˣ
ڸʲô
ܱꡣ
֮Դںϻͨ⣬ᷢʲô̴ЦȻ
껥ͨ
ܣԴ֮һʱ䣬֪Դ֮һֱٳɴ¡
֪Դ֮ʯܾˣһҪõǿʯ
Ҫͨ
Դ֮֪ûϢˣԴҲ뵽УҪʵֵ£ȻĬrʵ֡
ҪִͨƵԴ֮ţĬrļһִܵԴ磬ԨаԣȻ꣡۾УλǱ֪ˣǾģ
̴Цͷˮ
֮Դ磬򣬹񡭡
ԨţԼ׽˵ʲôڡԨ֮š˼ʱͬɻͱȫͬ
ڻоʶһʹ
гļ䱻ƵҪ֡
ջƣ
ն̨ڿҫ£Өն̨;Ŀҫǣ߲ͬʵ⡣
ಣ
Ԩ񣬴üķɳն̨ͣ¡
һ߲ʵĿռâն̨ͿҫǵĶѨɳ񻺻Χס
ռâ˲佻֯ΪصС
Ԩƾʧˡ
ʱҲˡԨ֮šҾڼġԴ֮šλá
лԴ֮ţֳһռ꣬ˡ
̤ɫԨԱ겻ļ˵Ҿ鲻ȥһԴ磬Դ֮ͨںԺһһԴһ򡣡
Ǵ㡭ȥԴ򣿡
˼ţû⣬ܿ;׵ֻĻӦûʲô⣡Ȼ뿴һǾ͸߰ɡ
۵л͵Ʈ
ԨӻܵܵǣȻ롰Դ֮šڲİδ֪ڶֲĿռڵƮš
ԴƮԴ硣



һǧ˰ʮ Դ
ôȥ
漫۽롰Դ֮šԺǸڲɫԨħ̴Цĺڰδɺѯʡ
лҲͬա
Ҽ˺ڰҲһЩνа񡣡̴Цֿ죬ٺٹЦ˼˵Դֻõ磬ʵءҿȥԨ̴Цıأ
ĿȵأԨµĺ棬Ļ͸Ͻƿ
̴ҪΪȫˡ
۵ȻǸƮлħңԨ֮ʱ飬Ҳûô
̴Цʼ磬˵˵棬㲻Ҫô档
˵˵ţ̴ĻҲòذ
һлᦵļۣԨȻǲͬģԴǸӦֻܱͨġ
Ԩһ롰Դ֮š塢оκΡ
֮㡣
ȻڵԨ˵ʧȥܹܣΪз¼
Ҳû纫߰ɷѿĵרԴ磬Ӧ̫ѡ
ҴεԴԭ
̷㻹ҪԴ֮šڣ컢ްĻ˳µĿӽ۵ڴлƮֻҪˣԴĻǣѸٻع顣
ǷļƻܹԨ֮ŽС
вˣȺǱߵ鷳ҲˣԨ֮Ҳ١
۴ԨǰԴʱ򣬻Ŵ˵أ̴Ц첻Ҫڡ
̴Ц˺ߣ֮ǵӦҵ¡ҲȥԨЩаʵģǲǺԴֵһġ

һˡ
տ磬ûǳû죬ûеأҲûκε
Դ硣
ǲǺ֮񣿡
̬ļۣһͷ޷ţΰĻ֮ǣԵü
Ԩ󷽣΢͵ġԴ֮šţ鴩
̴Цħ겢δ
˿̣Ԩıն̨վڡԨ֮šϷȴͼһ̽ѰԴ硣
һ꣬ڲͬʱء

qqӴӰԶǼӶ
Ǵ̬
ɵĻ࣬عϵУžĴ׳㣬һվš
Ŀͻĺڵ˶ͫҫɱĹâ
һû̶̬飬Щڣ̣򰵺ļš
ڹ;УʱӼһ飬оУܵϸϸ׽
۴ˣǵħأ
Ϊ׵Ļһſڣ˵ľȻǻԲޱȴĺ
һֹϵζ
ǵģԨȻ
ǡ
ҡҡͷָӴ࣬ԨܣλڰǰøոսӴ̴Ц죬ѡ̷̴ЦΪǵˡԨڶȺУǱΪڰħ
ڰħԨĬĬ¡
ŶˣнԨ飬Ϊֻ̬Լϲ̬ڿλڰƼͣδģ
۽һ£Ϊ׵ĺڰ˵ƿȣΣ
˭
۽ƿȵĺڰ䶢Ԩ
һԴߣᣬǰĵϸ˹а¿ûʲô𡣡˵
ƿûм׷ȥƺϰһǿߣԴ֮ͼ½
λܾõ֮Դ˽ӹ졣һ㣬ǸһĵطҲλԴ֮šƿȴ
̾ҲµˡǸܸӣǿս򣬶һҲڵġڣҲûȥҲ֪Դ֮Ų
˶٣ֵȡƿԴʱ̫ˡ
ȥɡƿȵ
š
۵˵ͷ

ռ䲨Ӽ۵Ļ巺𣬽Ԩ񣬻л̬λڰ֡
ȡԴ֮񣬳Ϊһͳߵļۣ˵ص
Ϳռá
Ŀռ䲨ֵһ̣Ԩʶһ¡
ԴУͼΪеĻûһ˿ʤϣ
ֹԻ״̬פԴߣᱻѹƣɱᡣ
ѹִħ񱴶̹˹ħ꣬ҲԽԴ磬ֱӽٵԨ
Ԩʵ磬Ԩа񣬻м۰νǿߣԨҲûӳ֡

Ϊ֮һ䡣
ǰһƬѤöʵλƺƵϮ
ƬλðԨϤģȥ֮Ĭrƿء
Ϣ֮γɣҲһ㲦ޡ
Ĭr¼֮úԴƣԴ֮ţЯ֮ʴԴ硣
üͷһ˵֮ԴںϣܸоĬrϢҪһΪ˷ͳߡ
Ĩɱ
Դ磬ԨƿУ
ۣ֮䣬ӮӦɣ
ڼۺԨı󣬿ռŵԴƾոֳһޱӴӰ
ЩӰǧ֮ߣһ顣
ǴҲǧٹ֣е޵ӽеֻһƬ½صҶӣеľȻֻһŶҺ
ǲνԨа
ЩνԨаţԴ˵ĻȻҲǺݵ
һ޴⾵УһӰӸ֣⾵·һ·ӰӵĽ̻塣
ȻӰİ¿ȣ
ªİ¿ȣ쵽ԨĿעӣ⾵´ŵͷ̧𣬿˿ڼۺλڰеԨ
¿Ƚס־ؼС



һǧ˰ʮ а
¿ȡ
ڿռУռǧĶľ⾵صľΪžͭʣԿ޹ص
ԭΪģӰӣرţһΪŮס
ԱߵЩӽޣһƬ޴ҶĶȣֻݵŮԣ֪Ҫٱ
٣ȽϷϴһԨ
ǰ¿̷Ӱа񣬲۾⾵ֵһʵչ֡
У˸߹ĶԻñ¿ȸƻ
ѵ¿ȣλѪﵽʮӰ죬ҪԽ콲
ǡ
¿ȵĻӰڻǷλӰ;¡
˭
ڵӰа˵Ȥѯʰ¿ȣ⾵ڿ򼫻ۡ
һ磬
Ща԰һصĿƿȣҲ¿ȵļɻ󣬳۴ˣδļһǸʲôսΣ
ź൱΢Ц

ԨԱߵλڰȻռ룬ʱˡ
ƿ˶ͫУ·еԨεν񣿡
Цŵͷ
Ǹı̷ħΣƿʡ
ҿǰȻһЦڰ֣ʾƿȲҪੲݵ׷ȥȿĬrʲô
Զǰߴ̬ǣ֡
һ÷ʵлᦣԻᣬµĻ֮ͼУĻɵظ̡
ٵлᦣڳεĹУȻѾ߱ʵлᦵĲܡ
Уһֻֻ۾ȻԨ֪ġۡ
ЩۡѤõλ·ڰȥ֮еͳѲʴҪԴнӹ֮
ʱԨоЩԨаҲĴ
Ϊ¿ȵļУм۵ǷʹֻҲܵаǵӡ
Ԩ޾ɫ΢ЦأһӴаӡ
ܿ죬͸оЩ̬ªаֻļСһ֡
ԴǰԴ֮ƿţڻͳЩԴĻǣȻͳ߸ס
ԨǿаΪ˷ֹ۶ɱȻȫִ
ǿֲһаӰֻǵһֻǷԴһֻ۾ܹԴ˴˽
ΪǵıԨĽ
ʵԨ磬̫ѣԲŻԴ硣
ԴУҲʱбۣǰԴ֮ŪҲ֪ͨͣǸ״
λԨаҽԨǸĺݡʡ
Ԩ̬൱ɣƮţЩȻνаӽ
ݣ
Ԩ
һʡ󣬻ûüʳеһԨа񾹹ֽ
ԨȻָԼԨ磬ѵС

Ƭ½ذҶӣаƮŹݻƵҶӽɫ󣬡ҴӶ㣡
Ҹγƺ㣿ԨЦŵ
Ȼ֮ǰġѰӯʱһ̷šԴ֮š̺ǿܳ龡

̵ľ޴ҶУڶʯưܵظ֣ǺսĲкǿߵʬǡ
ٵأԾҵսԨоϤ
ս򡣡
Ԩɫ΢
λаٰ֪ҶУչֳԨ춴ǰ򣬷·ڸԨǲ֮һ
ŵЩûأǿʺ⣬λ̬а񣬱ȻǷһ
Խߡ
ɫľ޴ҶӺٺٵЦ򲻹ζΪһͿݼŵǿգûжѪͳǵ磬̾ǿУؽʳһ
ǲҵθڣӭɱ䣡
һ㲻̰ͼʡ
ͼ۴ˣܺڰ˵ħһҲԺݡ޴⾵еӰаΪͻȻ˺Ԩľ룬Цݲõ˵ݣȥĵطǸĺݣ
ΪΣԨʵ
Ϊ
죡
ͻȻȡ
⾵еӰа򼫻۵ͣסԥƬֿ̣˿ۣѡ˳Ĭ
֮˵սһܵĻǽ˳Դ硣
·Ϊ˻߼ĳͻŶҺĶԶԶȥŰǳ磬ЩаΪªĴڣɳƵ˵ܸоҪԴͨģ֮
Ƭ֮ƺһĵطǵط࡭ǿ飡
ۣҾò̫ס
֪ªаԵΪصӡ
¿ȸңǸطӦýƺĻ֮أǵ绹ƹֻ֮·Ӱаٴοڣȴݵ飬أвٳۻ飬ƺͷĹͳš
֮ˣֻеһλ񣬶вֹһλ񡣡
ӰаƺҲеǡ
ͬʱ
ƾлУһֻֻ۾ڣ渡ֳڶĻԨڿ־֮ؼϢƣ̬ȴֶ
꣬Ů飬аǿߵ顣
ǺУսʿѪԺ󣬻صĻǽԳΪ
Ժ֮𣬶ʱʧˣܹµļ亱
˿̣ڶ飬Ĭr֮Ʈ
ͼ֮Դںϣ̤ͨ뵽Դ硣
Ĭrôˣ
Ԩе̫Ծ漫ԴǴӴԨа񣬴һνԨʲô
֪̩̹ԨʲôǶ䵽ݣĵԴںϺ󣬵ܹԴʲô仯
УͨЩΧ˱̹˹а֪̹˹״
û뵽Ĭr֮Դйڡ
֮еĻȻôĬrǺΪͬˣ纫߰㣬ѱˣ
ĬrῪʼɣ



һǧ˰ʮ Ԩ
õ֮ԶƺƵҪԴڡ
Ԩô޷缫ǰ㣬֮ڵĻҲ֪ĬrĶ
ȴ֪ĬrͨһԴ֮š֮Դ绥ͨ
Դ֮š֮ǰԴ֮ûн򣬿´ݻٲ
ҪƿزԴ磬Ƕ뿪
ߵӴҶӻӰ֮ٽ˵ǹĻǣûаȫϵĻԴûڵ塣
оǡ
ߺٺЦԨ֮ſҪˣǵıܹȥǸҲԴˡ
ԴֻԨһĹͨأԨ֮ѣԴûôҪˡ
Ϊǿִһǿߣعͨ
۴ˣӻԨҲԨӴ𣿡
Ӱİ¿ȣõӰаĬڴҸոհʱͻȻôһ䡣
򣿡
̩̹ƿص磿
ͷбĶʲôϵ
ƽԨаٴը̩̹ʱЩνаǣһһŭ޵
̩̹ԨƺǸ֣ԨȺĳ裬ҲǵجΡ
һ˵Ԩͻйأǣۡ
ǻƿߡ
أɨɨӰİ¿ȣζԡ
㶼֪ʲô
޴⾵еӰа֮ǰð¿ȱ죬˿̷ǹ˵ࡣ
¿ȲҺͼ۶ӣͷ˵ڻĿҫǣԴ֮Ǹ֪ļƻҲǱݵԨƻˡȻҪǱ̹˹Դ֮ˡ
Ӽ۵ľ棬ڻЩ£꾡ص
ЩԨаǣԨ˶⡣
ݣڵȨ󣡡
߷̶ĹХƬ޴ҶӣֳĿӶſɭɭ޿ڣۣҲǺڵһӣǡе
ʼɼۣ
֮˽ĬrλǺݹڵ䡣ںܾúܾǰںΪʵѡ¿֪ܶ࣬ӰаڰŪǷǡ
Щ꽵ٵа񣬱Լ۶̫ˡ
ȻԨСƻǵĴ£Դ֮شҾáԨ˳۵ߣֽµۣĨɱģȳ֤ûϸɡ
Դģ۳ȡ
㲻ļһ߷
Ԩ俴ߣǵ磿
˺ܶ꣡
Ԩ֮ŵ·ײаУûߣ
ԨѯʱͻȻӰİ¿ȣ뿪򣬵һľˡûϵֻԴ磬Ԩ֮ûǰǵԨġ
¿ȵĻӰ΢Ͱ͵ؿž޴⾵ڣӰаԻݡ
֪ԨĿ£ڻ򣬻ǱԨɱ
صģԨ֮ż顣Ӱа񰲸
Ʋƣǣǿ벻롣
ֻһٵԨȻڳλа񣬿˵ֻҪǾԶԽԨ֮ţС
ص㿴λû򣬻͵ߣҪ˶ãԱִԨһʲôߣ
вǰа
ԲѵСӣʲôʸô˵
ִԨ̹˹ƾʲô
ۣСһǲ֪
Ща࣬Իڴ˵ĻӰצŤţ·ҪץסԨ¡
ҽиķ˹ԨұƺΪߣΪԨа֮һ
ͻȻǸ޴а񣬾ƮԨ
Ԩ񣬺СϣҲǻĹ̬ĶҺ·ڵԨ
һ־صζ
ķ˹˲ֵһļһֵ㱨ԼԶ֣߽
λаΪķ˹ŭˣԨףԱ

Գߵĳªаĵؼ³ǶĵУһֻɫľ޴۾˳
ֻ۾Ԩ񣬵Ԩ֮ϵǸˣǡ
ڳаһѯʣͻȻĬ
޴⾵ڵӰаŮݣҲü¿ȡ
¿ҡͷãȻûȥԨ֮ţҲġ
ԨߣҲһԲ
Ԩ֮š·Ǹķ˹ȻѯʣȻǷʲô
ԨʵײԨ֮ŵЩһУһ㣿
졣
ķ˹ֻɫ۾¶ԥ˵ڣҵȻŵĵ¡Ǹ㣬ȷԨ֮ŵƺҲãԡ
ΪˣԨü
仰һķ˹ȷڡԨ֮šǵֲӰԴԨ
һǿߣ
ķ˹øΪأǳߣԴ֮ԼܣùκˣλСԨĹͣǸǿߣһû˵ֻҪ棬Ԩ֮ž鲻

һ̬ӰͻȻǰλð֣֮һִɫͽӲˡ
̫Ԩ
Ĭr



һǧ˰ʮ ʴԴ
Ĭr´졣
ɷŨܻ˻һǰʴԴĿռ䡣
ƬλУڶĻţƺԴеԨȤ
ңԵúܼӡ
ĬrִƵ֮Դм
ԴһƬռޣһ˿һǿֻаǵĽء
Ȼǿʯ֮ĬrĴõһɱ䣬оŨ
оϸǿ־֮ء
Դ磬֮ܽפѪʵ
ΪǱõģ磬ֻʶ
̬ĬrԨһ󣬺Ȼ룬ɫϾҵ֮ƬҲеһӡ
˻һλðƬ֮Ѥõ⡣
ͻȻͿĨɫ󣬱̺ǹɭɭ
֮еЩһ㱣Ϊ˵ط
εԴԨ鱻Ѥõҫо˵ůһϤ
·֮γɣŵ
Ҳܽɱ䣬Ҳȥ֮ɡ
ĬrԨΪԨҲͼʲôϵĬrЩܻϣûнڶªԨаС

ɷ˵ؿһŻɵܡ
һԽ֮ԴĽأ˲Դڲ޴֣ȻԨ
ţԨһơ
ۣ
ߵļǿҲʴ֮ȻԴ磡ƬĺҵĸоһʼΪ˲ʳԴ磡㲻Դ֮ԴĿ㣡
Դ缴ʧأҲˡ
λ̷̴ЦĺڰĬrµΣǴۣܵͬĿ⾪֡
ǽԴԺҪͨЯﲹܳʱ䶺ڴˡ
ĬrƬ֮Ȼ̺ܣζ֮еսܲ
Ϊ֮ˣĬrǸسӯ
Լٲ꽵ٵа񣬰۶߱ǺĬrɱѪ˵Դ֮ǲǵġ
ңǸоۿҲסĬr
ǣһаѸٱõ
Ԩ֪ЩȫԨа񣬶ڼʱֹ𣬶ڽǵĻջء

ԨʱĬrͷŵƱ֮
Ƭ֮ǵĽ޲һ߰ˡ
ĬrǴƻعץ˼£һֻֻεĹ֣ŮŪ

Ůδ֮껯Ķ飬дԱĬrĨֻʣһƴ
Դɡ
ĬrȣƴԨκأͶˡ
ܻΪ籩˿µɢ
Ů˵꣬Ĵ֮ܣۺһ׷ӿԨ
ͬʱӣͬӡԨС
ع飬Ĺ
ͻȻ֪ԵػɱԺ൱ڹеĵعΡ
ûбϸûзĴҲǵع
ȻΪҲǿᣬûзԵʱ䣬еĺܶͲչ֡
˿̣֮γɣʱͻƣ
ع飬͸ˡ
Ĭrֹţִӱ֮ڣץ˼ͷǿĹ
ɰĹɢԣĨ˼䣬־Ϊ꾫ܣһԨ
ԨڵõĹ󣬴ӵعٵ
˿̣Ĺʼ˳
㣬еĻ֮һѧͻᣬһͨһͨ;
ԼϽУĬr˵κλı͵
Ķ档
ۺЩаۣԼԥһӶ
УԨͨԴ磬Ѿ֮ۼ۷˳ӣı䲻ʲô
Ϊڻ̫֮ϸ֪һᷢ
֮γɣΪ죬ΪûͬԴ磡
ҽֱ
ΪԨıֿѣλΪǿߣŤͷ򱳺һ޺һꡣ
λǰѪǾżУﵽĹĲΡ

żǻ۵λĬrǣӻ
ǺշĲ£ǽ֮ҲԨͷڵĻҲҪˡ
Ĭŗһץ
콵񷣣£Ǻͼɷɻҡ
꾫ܣҲȻرԨԡû

һУĬr֮ŵ۵ǰ
Ч̴Цĺڰ뿪һԨа񣬱õļɼһɢ
Ĭrһۣ֪даǻǵ֮һ
ˣЩаҲۡ
֮ԻһĨĻӰаģؿͼ۸ʲôһͼ۵ֻƬ
ţ
Ĭrںܰ㣬˵һ֣адӰ˲ȫš
ֻʣͼƬռõ硣
ģǰΡܲܣҰõϴ񣬴ﵽͺ߰Ĺ񾳣ҲҪԵġ
Ĭrһ˵һ߿ſһԴ磬翴˽ء
Դ֮ԽԨ֮ţǺĲʱҪͬԴˡĬrᳶЦֲԴ֮ڻһҪҵޣҪõ֮
Ϊ֪òܷ֮֮ʴԴ硣



һǧ˰ʮһ 
Ѥöʵ֮
Ԩǵ񣬽ɫһȦͷŴǣĲ⣬Ϊܽɢ
ڡԺ󣬸еħаĻǣʵᱻ
㹻ǿܴﵽĬrĹΣǰԴڶа񣬱ĴųԺҲᱻȥ
˿̣ЩǱ־ؿ
ĬrԨ˽ͣЩĹƴҪԶ롣
ϧ֮ĬrǼȻѾˣɲ
ǣֻҪԨܺ;ܣΪĬrɱµ顣
ӻһ㣬ĬrĨǺͼĻܣԨķΧ
Ԩ
ͣ
ٴԨޱȵӯܷ۵糸㰿֮
أƬӯŷ֮ܵ·һ֡
֮ƺҵĹ͡
ͬĬr˵Ƭ֮ĵһʱԼȫ̲룬޲ֻṩߡ
ϴӴĹϵţܿãĬrĴ
ʲôȱ
Ƭ֮ҵڵĻ̬ӫڣ͸Ͼ
΢ܣˮһڲкĵĲ޳ɾ
˺һֿҵ״̬ȥ˼εأֻɱĹ̡
ĳһ졣
ѽĹ֪һ󷽹ҫԺȻ˹ȥһ뷨
뷨һǧһ΢Ĺ˸
ȭͷСĹ˸Ҳʰ쵣ת쳣ԵĿռ䲨
һشص̽ͷ̽ԵأǲɫĹ˸зɳ
һɫ񣬻дĲܣЩ㲻ܿƵȥ
֪ǿ󣬳ɳĹǿˡ
ڷŵ;УЩͻȻѣƱĬrɱ˲
дĻһԡɣٴξڡ
ֱ̩ͨһ٣̲صǿ
ͨڡ
Ĭr֮İ𣬡ҶȡԴ磬Ϊں˵ߣλ꣬Զ¡
ڵĻԴȥĿǰ̫ˡ
ǱߣڶĹҺͺ⣬λš
ûֵĬrһĶãйעһһԼѰ˹˴֮ǰĬrڣϽСġ
ðȻ򣬱ǿĹɱװ˷֮ⷬ
λ񣡡Ԩ΢
ݵĿ־֮أֻܹĬrһ񣬻Ϊݲ࣬սɱԺ󣬵ڶ֧׷׻۵־֮·
ܹΪǺӵĿ־֮أֻأʧ궼˲λҲ
ң񡣡
ĬrĻԴȴܺԨǺܺõһʱҲϣУɱΪ񡣡
ԨĬƬ̣Ȼʵ櫻𣿡
ԺݵıԴԼλġû£һЩֺ뷨Ҳ޷ľĬr͡
Լ
ĬrĻԨסˡ
ͷиճ߲õ룬Գ˵˵Ǳݵ־ıԴΪҲˡ
û뵽ǰصµķֺ͸ǹϵλǹܹǿսıԴ뿪
ôӦǲںݵĵ־ΪԸλ
ǿ󣬺ߺͺԶɱܳû֮Դ磬ҲΪǣһĬr˵ֵĿǰҪģרĽΡ
ڱģΪҶȡԴҴȥ˵
Ŷõġ

̩ǡ
ʱ֮ӳ೾죬ཬ̵ľʱչţ˿ն̨´ָת

޵Ĺ⻪ʱչݶ֯Ϊͨ
ͨһˣһƬѪ硪ԴѪ½
ˡ
̤ʱչŵĴħ׿ˣͼλżѪѪħսʿһԨ͹
ǽԼݣҲڸ׿˵Ŭ£Լ˭
۾ԴѪ½ǵԴͷΪܵȺҲżȻԺԴѪصУ⡱ͷŸѪħܴڡ
׿أ벻Ҫغݣ
λѪħĴħƺҲ֪ʲôʶغݵǹԨա
ɱԴ
ģмƽϡԨЦͷָⲿĻǿգҲϤӼѪħȺûڻҲ̩ǡ
Ѫħǿ߷׷ױʾл
ʯӰ̻ԱнһĻɫһӻ㱡
˵˵ۿǿеһȺȫȫԨǻǾò˼顣
պ
ͨڣӳ೾ͼ˪һ֣ͬ氲Ī״ߣܱߵʯ䶨
鸴ӵأŽĿӣŴȰ˵Ԩ



һǧ˰ʮ ıߵ
ݡ
ڿյĹϵھ޵ɼ£»ָת
ġ󡱣ҲأȻ߼ĴС
ڵϽصشһΪׯĴУ򡰾󡱵ѣΪ񾳵ĲܼٴνΪھ
˿̣ܼڴһڿݾľףīɫľУ籡ͻܣľȲ
ھڣڣֳźͦ
ݾľڣһõţׯ˵ȣͱϰȥ˱𴦡

ڻõƿͷеĲܼص˵ͷ
Ҫʦ
ϳЦݣڲ̧ܼͷʱ˵Ҫ׼ΪµϯλҲܼķݡ
ܼĬƬ̣˵ֻҪԨϻأݵĵɱԴǶ𣿡
ô˵ȴǱ¡
ԨѪ̵֎[һҪСģ˵ԶڲõĽȥӽصԴꡣ
ĺϢòܼ󷴶֪ԼδΡ
㲻زֻ̫࣬Ҫĵȴɡ
õġ

⣬
ͷյͬͬΪǿս֮һĻ򣬶һֱŽڡ
ӳ೾·£Ӻݼļλߣɢڻڴ
氲Ī״ǵһǿ˰ΣҲûǿ߳ûеΡ
ǿĿҫǣͨǿգֻǶǺݽ˸
ٴγڴ˵صԳĲãߵĸǿߣܵڵͿ˵ʵҽΪڶǵ裡̫ʼļλٽԼΪݵһԱ
Ī״ĿȴƵƵڼ˪ϣġ¯ܵضԼ˪еִ
˪¶ļϢҪλĳ嶯
֡
Ī״ĸ̣Ϊߵʱ̫̣ûкúȹ̵ԭ
Ϊͼ˪ԩ޳ǰҲûʲôϼ˪Ԩĺ֪ζöԼ˪жġ
ƫƫʱͷ඼Ƕ
氲üͷ壬Թ۲һӳ೾ٳٲȥֻле£˵һʲôǲ֪ԭ򡣡
ұҪһĴ𸴣Գߡ
ױѪܣᱡ㻷ʹʲôû氲Ī״֪ѹԼ
ѹɱ
Ĵˡ
氲һ޴ĺɫʯͷϵڣŴӹĲбԳ˵ûиоʲôطģ
Ϲ֣ʲô˼Ŀ¶׹⡣
о仰ұ˺ܾˣϣӡ
氲ûĨǣϾ˵ҲǲΪѪʲôӰҵĸоԽԽƲסԺͱƢ֪Ĵǰ磬꣬һֱƵĺܺð
ѵ
˶٣氲˵ǲоˣҪͷˣŻ˵Ĳʲô鶼ûģ
⻰һڳļλ߶˼
壬롢һƣѾ˺ܾãվҲǻġ
ĳŵ취ơ

ﱾģʵ֣ŴӦ
սȴԨĳֶزۣͷΪؼСҲδӭɱ䡣
ĳŵʹˣûõԼҪĶǲĵؽ
ڻУԨҪȥ
غݺִеˣЧ岿ҲѪ
ѹԺԣ֮㣬ʼǿӿȼա
Ҫװȥˡ
ʹɣȥɡ
ԥ˺ܾõӳ೾͵ָ̬ڶԼ˪˵ǼһȻǽȥȷŻˣϸ룬
ҲôΪæ̬
ӳ೾֪ԨڻζʲôҲԨ֪Ԩʵݣ˼ء
˪ͬ˶֪ԨУǼ˪ΥԨĹӦҲʲôغ
ҲǴ˪˵ԭ
Ҿȥ򡣵ұҲҪʲô˪ͷͬ⣬Ŀ˵ֻҪһ׼Ūú߽ԭ򡣡
ݣ
˪֮ĽͣСòǳչΪһƬǺӡ
ǺӻˣҪ
ͻ
꣡
죬ƬǺеļ˪ڴӶȻסͷͥСأƼ˼䲻˼鷢ˡ
̸̸
ĽڣԨն̨֣ЩɺԶߡ
еߣбԴζΣա
ȴͻȻٰ˪
ôˣ
ճԨü˵һ仰ͿһƬǺеļ˪Ө͸Ų԰׺Ϳֻš
ˡ
˪ԵЩ޴룬ͼȴĻͥСأǾ߱͸Ϊһ顣
Ԩŭ˲ȼ
ֿܣȴôûԤϵ˪һ۵ʱ򣬼˪ͻȻ
̫
ԶƵ죬һʯƾճ֣ʹĵ˵С˪ֻǿʼҲλѰɣ
̫
նߣ



һǧ˰ʮ ߷
ʧõĺ䣬ǰͻȻԨ̫
Ԩ̫
˪ѣĪʧأԶֳ嵭ࡣ
һʱ䣬ҵעӼ˪ϣתƵԨϡ
Զڵֺ̫Ҳʱ˵Ĺʹĵָ𣬱߹۲Ԩ˵ľٶ
Ԩɫάַŭ״̬ɿ񻺻ѵļ˪·ûĻ
ͷеӳ೾ֻüͷûķӦ
һ㵣ںԶԺΪ˿϶˵Ԩʵݡ
氲Ī״ǽסʧߡ
ͷԳ¶ĽȻһ̫ٵ侲ȻɢݵŨѪܶûˡ
ԳһԣֻǵԨû֪ʲô
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ԺݵػΪߵĪ״һеġ¯ƮȻ¯ǣϵľݡ
ָԨֻ֣һػâţһ˿֮׵־
·𣬾ںݵĵǹɼ»棬ҲͨĪ״ȷϣҪԨʵͷ
׺ԴԹűѣԴ겢ὫϤһУ׺г
У׽Ϊᣬԣѵʱ䶼Դꡣ
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Ҳȥ˽Դ̫꣬ԶЩݵʲô
ǰǳؾޱ䣬ݵĸֵ߸ڵ䡣
飡
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ЩڷɳͻƬǺΪһ壬˪֮˲£ۺϡ
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Ԩ۵֪ǺԶĹĻĺ֣ʮа˾žıԨʴԴꡣ
ͬΪݵ֮һԶûü˪˲ѡ
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컢Ǳǿаġ
гԺݣԵصױԴߣԴԺĿǰ⣬ƺѲԱԴĶᡣ
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ԨԼ侲˼ǰĺԶͻȻʶǰԶѡˡ
ԶȻûеõ괫Уȴ־ʵʩߣ

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Ԩ֪ͷԳпܱȫƿأΪչĹߡ
һܿ죡
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СǱȻṵͨģ㻹ǶԼɡ
Զڰ֣ʾ氲ҪʲôһߴСС
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ﵽߵǣʸ֪ĴڣΪһˡ
ڣȥһЩ飬ԨǾعݡ
Ψˣһݵؽвĵ
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Զ氲Ī״гĬеĻ
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Զ̾һһε˵߳ݵڳǵĵˣΣءǵĻ˵λͱԴͺݵص׵һģҪ˲⣬ܵΣ
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ˣԶͣסٿ氲ԳѾˡ
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Ҹܵˡ
ַأȡ̹ܣݺݵһڣ͵ؾҿԡ
ԳԿŵִؿڣ˵ңǰף֪ʲôڶˡ
ԳͫУ׺ݱ֮ɫŨ
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ǱԶģԴںݵ־ǿиģ
컢û˱Դ˳лܻˡ
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ԶȻһЦȻƵ족𣬽ܣӲӵٲһ㣬ͷѡԳȥ
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ͣһ£ٵݵܹǳֻ⣬Ѳ

Զͻ⣬ܵعԳֻҪԨ֮ȥһ˺ݵĵصؽӴܸıһУܴӸϽܶ⣡

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ԳԺ󣬺Զֿ氲һ£΢Цƣû˱Դͻðɡ
氲ͻȻͳĬˡ
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ĿǰҪģǷ˷˺ĸ㣬Ӧ֪վ԰ɣ
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Ī״о˺͵ػɽںϣõ֮׵ҲΪһҪ
ʹޣҲȡһϯλԭڡ
ԶĿһתͷϣ񣬺ͺݵûҲվҪġ
߲ӳ೾ɫɭ˿ͻȻ廰ĸ𣬱ûУ
Զ㶣֪ӳ೾ʵģ屻̳ûк־Ĳ룿
ӦʵҡԶԨ
ͷԨ

Ŵһն̨Ѻļ˪סͺݵ߷ֿ
ڻĽڴڶߵ棬Ԩס˪֣浶磬Ȼ˵ˣ㺫ԶѾһУҲزҴˡ
ˣֻҪҵĽ̤򣬾ҪеӦеĺ
Ŀӳ೾򡣬Ĭе氲Ī״ɨԳϣҪҪңգż˪ػ
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ԨҹһǽԨɣΪûѹԨǻסġԶ˵棬δݵĵ־ҪջرԴʱû˭ܿܡ
ﲻǳɹˣԨԼ
Զɫһ⣡վҲ᳹׵ȥ
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һԨĴ죬ͻȻӼ˪ĶͷȻݡ
˵Ŀ⣬ʱȫϣһһ
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ΪᣬΪ伫ԶԶûš
Ҳһ̣ңԶǿеԴѪ½ǹɶͻȻĮļܵ˴һ׳֦



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ԨԨ֮š߱ն̨ҪΪ˪ؾһȫµĺ壬ʱ
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ԣܱԨ汦ʴˣôпԨ
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ۺ̴ЦΪǡҲϣġ

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һԨ汦صףԴںԺԨ汦ʴԴ꣬ռϷ
Ӻݵص׷ֳıԴʹԨ汦ԨϢ
⻰һԨ֮šǸԨΪ֮һ
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ͷУҪ촦ɾ
ЯԴߣкԨ׽ߣԸΡ
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Զյͷ룬̾ͬͻȻð׼ûк¡
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ݱɽѣ͵֮׾ҲͲԴʲôӰ죿
㺫Զ֮һصĺݣѾ˰
ڻֹǣҲˣҲ˳ȥ
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ԶȻɫ̫ʼ𣿣
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Գų̫ʼȻֳɸߵ

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ҽԨطݣҪɽӣƵ͵׵ڱΣʲôģ
սǷǵĺݣ



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ҫѤķɫССͲ̫ҲʧȥλӣȷʵûԴϢ

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û׷ѣԨͷޣԨ֮šпܽĨɱ
Ļλûˣɱж壿
ҿԨļƣҲκˣڡԨ֮šǰɱ롣

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ǲľӨѪĤȻɫҫԣԨ֮šдڸеš
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С󣬡ף벻Ҫ
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֪Լ˭ӹɢһָ߰ģûϵ
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пɼһߡ
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ǣһģǴĿƮţ֪Ҫʲô
»Ұǣûޣڶฺ
ԨԣĹ»ûκμֵԣϴǱ̺Ļ

ܿԨͷ֣ͨžܵĳһۡ
һѪɫϪӣ
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УǺͿ־֮شݲɽͬЩӴɽϣȻŸŤֲֲﻨݡ
ֲﻨݣȻԨһ֣ԺͻǵĹС
ϸҲûü˾ӵĲд飬һЩɽڽӽʱᱻЩаĻʳ
Եģǲлеľ
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;ЩɽڲҲûԵĹðͷɴȼ͡
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Եȣ߸ɴڸ;СѶϵɫӣ˵ͷ˵̫õġ



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ڣӿ꣬ŵغʥҫŶ
Ҫǳһѵļһ
Ͳһ鴬Ԩ޹Եߣŭ
Ԩлл㡣
ѶϵԻ̬Ԩ⣬ûİڰʱ¾ͱ˪֮նɱˡ
ʱ˪ڷ˰Ⱥ󣬲ûд󶯸ɸ꣬Ȼ뿪
ȻҲǸԨ档
֮͡
Ԩڰ֣ü΢΢һ
Ϊ˪֮˪˿̾ն̨ڲȫµǣһֻǻûгˡ
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뵽λ޹ĻԨԾȣһʡ
˹ʣµйʲôεȼ뿪ġѶϵʵش̾ʱž޴ɭĻԣֻܽܳġ
ȥ꣬ɭ򣬳񣬷Խɭ
Ϊɭܻҷ𡣡
Ѷϵµпʵࡣ
ѹ֣ǺУûĹûǣǵݵĹڤ㻹ԨŪˣֿ꣬ǿɷħ
ûߣ뿪ɭĿܵġ
Ѷϵ˳֪ڿʲôּæ
Ԩ˵ͷ֪µѶţħĸ룬û⡣
ħУҪҿ櫵ѶţֻҪͷɭ뿪ܾͻᰲȻ
ҪѰҪҲԹñˡ
֮ԨͺͷѶϵɽ۽̸ͨѶϵ˽
Ѷϵµʱ䲻ΪĵȽҲߣ֪Ҫȿ׶࣬Ϊй߸ɵָ㡣
Ѷϵ»ĬrǰñΧˣ櫵ĵı״
ߺͰɭսȣҲø𾪡
ȸϵԺ󣬲֪Ͱ̸ʲôȻ櫷ΪϹҲ޿κΡ
Ŀǰȵء
ҲΪ櫵ĬrΧ׷ɱͣˣɺߺĬrսҺĬrռϷ硣
£Ѷϵ¾ͲˣֱԵ߸˵
ԨĵȺ
ڼ䣬Щɢǿɷħʱ׽һЩȼߵĹɱ졣
ѶϵҲ⣬ƺܱ߲ٵĹҲڹ߸ɵġ
ԼˣΣν
ԨһĶá
ͷѶϵ½ʱѪԸгأʶ꣬ɸС
꣬ѵҲ棿
һǳʶ꣬ɼܡ
üУȻӿһƣ΢΢ת

ɽ۵ŨܣͻȻܵüĵǣܱ߷£˲ʧü
΢ܣʶ˼峺еꡣ
˵еĻ飬ܽ
ȻûзĵԵúᣬ޴ڵľܣĲƸأ
ħϲ飬ֻҪǵ򣬶ܻþ޴ĺô
꣬ٴνɱΪԪ񲢲ңԶ
ΪҪ񣬻Ѫ巴ջµع꣬䡣
ûϵ⻷ɼʱеĿ
㡭ѵ𣿡
ԨһһɫԽԽ𾴵ķѶϵ£״̲סѯʡ
£ǵġ
ԨȻһЦڰʾѶϵ²⣬Ժһ΢͵Ļ绷̩Ǹǰ㡣

ܣ˷۶罭Ӱע뵽Ԩüġ
ԽԽӿ
ʩչġζܵɣ漰ûжܱ߹˺Ӱ졣
ֻǴȡܣЧʸߵĿ£ԶڳеĹ



һǧ˰ʮ ߸
ݣڡ
Ԭ飬ޫhǧ١ھĴޣĹеԣڵȺһ𰸡
ǰãԶֵڿ־֮ذգЩԿ־֮صĹֲ̿ܵκ;
Լ˼䣬ԶֵɵĶԻôſ־֮ء
Ϊ漰ĬrʱˣںԶֵʧԺ󣬸Ͻͬޫhǧٹ
Ǹúȥδӣ
ãȻأͬ죬Щ˵۹кͺԶ׽ĸɣս뿪ˡ
ޫhЦһ廰ǱߣǰڴӺݳߡ
ǨƳֽݵ
Զ͸¶ϢǺݽӭΣΪ˽˽ͣԸðգкݵ飬½Ǻӽ
ôɰռ٣ҲнڵĴڡ
ǸھڳûԶ¶̽ЩĴָǨƺݵȥѡ
ҲǺݶˡ
Ȼ½صߣ̻ͨᣬڡŻڰ񱻺Զѹš
ʱ뿪
Ĭrûлع飬Ҳûȷر̬ڻǺԶΪѡ
˵һϢ
Ԭüͷһĵ˵ϢǴģ˵ܼǸʦߣһޣͻƵ˹񾳡
񣿡
ڵǿе𾪡
һӦҪפ־֮أص׵ԴͷԬһǸʱгԺݵĻҪһˡ
ǲϺߡ
ǵУֻĬrˣ
Ĭrˣ
׷ױ̬
Ԭص˵ͷ˵ȻˣǾû취ͺԶͬУֻڿ£
ԥãҴȥһ⣬ڵļλӴ浽׷ʲô
׼ǻҲҪǨ⣬Ԭ

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޲ףЩ͵룬ſǿ
ֳ֮ļ׿ϷһƬƬͷҫĹԡ
ճҺ壬໥䲻ϻۣΪһӨĤ
ЩӨġĤǣϣǿ˶̩Ǹ֡
һǿվ޵츳ûǿܻһΪ̩ǵ޽ԭʼĽڡ
ˣھԲ㡣
̫ʼͷľޣʵʵΪ̩æµҲʾж
ǻᱣ֤İȫ淢ʲôֻҪڻ򣬾ûܶ㣡
̩ǱȺݴ̫࣬ªģֻܾǿܵԭʼڣҲҪķֻ޲״ʱ
ԭʼڵɣǴºݵĵһҲǼؼһ
ȵԨع飬СԭʼڵĻϣӸµĵͿô˽ܽ񱩵ǿܣΪ
̩ǵڲǴôºݵĻˡ
󣬴أգռ䣬ڶ෱ȴķ򾫰£һһӡ̩ǽºơ
ȱʧ֮̫ʼҲ֪ôӺδѰң֪βܽһ©ȫ
ֻϣܶŵԡ
޲˵
ʱ̻ͨʯŻڵͣڵĶȺݴޣѴӿҫطǧ硣
ǴڣҺúʵŵأݵסš
һӣ̩ǣܹɷפ̩Ǩ㡣
һжھȻؽš


ͨʱչУ̤棬С
Ԩδ
ôͻȻˣ
̫ʼ˲ʱչͷǿվޣʵԨǾأ
ҪԨ֮ţʱ䲻ﾪȵأͷһƬƬġĤһֻ޲ףѪ츳Ϊֽ̩硣٣Ѿʼ𣿡
Сǡ
̫ʼЦҪǸҺġ
СŴ䣬˵̫ʼȴͻȻо˲ŮʵĴڣкѩܻΪˣѰѪͻơ
ϼ׵أȻԨΪˣܲ׽¡
СеԾ󣬰һͻȻͰ
Ҫô
૵۾ƺ˺ѩܣڵ쳣ʶ޵⿪ˡ
ǿվڵѼΪϡ٣ɾżޣȴڶࡣ
ǰޣǷڸǻҲûȨ
ڲһˡ
Ҫһͷͷʮӿ֣Ⱥڴ˷ӰȻļΪֲ
Щʮ룬һӿԣ
뵽ķԣ׷ʮͷҲ


Ԩʵɽۣ֮һҰʯļ¥ǰһߺͷѶϵ½һ߼ȡܡ

£ܣԽԽ࣬ҲԽԽŨ
һ޵׶㣬ֹ̰أܡ
˺Ѷϵ²ò̸ֹͣЩЧ߸ɵĹĹҲ־
Ȼ֪ʲô
ɷħϵܿ췢ַԲܣȻԨǣˣڳۡ
Ҳ𾪲ѣû뵽ԨҲ˴Ĳ
֡
ԨֹţһգΪ˸õܡ
Ѫ壬ȾܰĬrĹ񣬵ġ֮塣
ԨʶС
Ǿ޴ڣֳһ飬¶Ϣʱܻħʱ߶š
úЩ鶼ԡķʽһشػС
ΧԨ꣬γɵĻУԨϤС
̩ǣ
̩ǣҲž͵УӲ֪أԴԴϵؾȡǺܣӶ˻档
˿̣Ļ壬ԡħΪӴħҡһ󣬻ĻУ̩ǵơ
Ȼ̩ǵʮġȻ
һһ̬ѵĻǰ㣬ݳҲá˻ɵС
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ʮУ꣬Ժͻ෴ķʽ
Уǳ籡ǿܣʶڵ
ܣ
ĸȻԨԺͻȻǡɱΪԪǰıޡ

ʮػɵУԺֲãһԶǰʵ˾ӣȻӰţˮͣͲǰ
ڶಢŵ˾ڣĲлҲͣ
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Ѷϵ£пװĹãȻ˾ӣսԨϡ
Ȼˣ
һλݸ߸ߵޣһƥһ˾̤
߸ɴˣ
ˣ
еĹﶼڻԺ󣬲ͻȻˡ
ǵ𣿡
߸ɽ۶Ԩµ̫ˣҶǵ𣿡



һǧ˰ʮ ͸
߸ɼѣɽ۴ԨԽԽȷ
Ҿ֪ûô
۾ţԨʶУʮԡγɵĻУʧˡ
ЩĻ壬Ҳ꣬类΢Ĳһɨ
Ԩɫ΢ͣ£
λ߸ɵĹƺĳͨѰǰټһܿʲô
߸ɹعǸ̲סһ¡
ףһԡ֮ȫ¶һ־Ϣ
Щͣ͵˾ӣʱٴλָȻת
ԨҵĳЩͻȻֱˣƨµͷĵȼɫĻ
еɫ𣬿һʹɷħļУħƿʼת
ɫأСġ
ܲ߸жǿͷԸߴڵĻ棬Ӧǿɷħ
û¼׺ӻĻ
մȾеɫ𣬿Ҳ
ϴ˰ɣ
Ԩİ߸ɣûѡʵش侲˵ҽԨȻҲڣҲն̨
߸ʲôͷҲ֪߸սǿڻеһԼûйڣ˴㡣
ˣ߸һЦĻ
̫ն̨ԭִߣ
һڵĹУΪ͵ķѶϵ£Ӱ΢ɣ߸ɴˣӦŪ˰ɣԨҺ˵Ȼն̨ڵˣ
߸ɰڰִ֣˷ѶϵµĻƺϰˡ
ݵϣޱȵƶ΢΢һЦѶϵ°ʶԨ̫ˣңԴˣ
ûٿ㶵ؿ߸ɣѵʶ߸ɣ
꣬˳սǺӣӴħڶ࣬һɣ
ЩĺӸΧǿɷħлƵħĴڣ˿̶ŵؿ
Ԩѵǰڵǿߣ
ˣסļ䣿
߸һͷͻȻ˵һһ޶ڵϢ˵̫ˣˣҪҰ㣬ԭļ份ѣгĲһ𣿡
ܿԨü
ͻƵĹ񰡣̤е飬ҶƼԭĺۼ߸һȻӣȻ˵ûйûۿ㣬ΪֻǴˡҼȻˣȻȫˡ
ҡʶԨ̽
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߸ͷ˵ҳɾΪѾܶܶˣܹ뿪ġҺ㣬ɲֻǼҪĻҿ԰㽫еҲҪԼѡ񡣡
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Ѷϵ£вĹڶЧ߸ɵĹĹڷ׷׾С
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߸ԵĹĹսҺսޣǶսǿĴڣȻͱȽϳݡ
ԭ˾Ȼǡնߣ
ɢɽ۵ľλǿɷħ߸ɵԨʵٴοĿ⣬Ҳ˾ηͳݡ
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߸һƣеĹԨ濴˿˵ҲµûôܻתΪҲ֪
ֻû뵽ôͻˣսˡ
ƺϤ߸ɣԺ̫ʱԴ̬ˣˣҴȥȰɡŶа櫣ˣӺݶǸĬrͨһԴ֮ţںԴлͨ
߸Ϊ֪飬ԶԶѶϵºͿס
Ĭr˵ҪԴ磬˵ĹȿԴ߸ɺٺһЦԴʲôԨǿ߻ǣȴܽʵѪ⣬ʺ򰡣
Ĺڶ࣬ǿƣȥԴ̳Ԩǿ֮꣬ǵ룡
߸˷ܵ㵸
Ԩüͷһû뵽̤ԺĬrȻԴȥƺӮ߸ɺͬ⡣
ΣԨȡ
ߣǱ߱˵ɡ
˵ʱ߸ɫʱˣҡͷһӵļһ
ͻȻͣ鴬еĹȻʾԨ
Ѷϵ£ҲԸϣľͱˡ
ǸĹһûб߸롣
ЩɵԨû˵ʲôµ鴬ͼԭȽϴĴ߸ɶѸ
ܿ죬鴬ΪխɵСۣС˺ܶ౶ֻܹͣ
ԽСŻԽ졣
߸ɽһ䣬¶֮ɫˣǱɱԺ󣬲ųΪġ
˻һȻɫ˿ս׼
ԨŶһ¶Ը̬



һǧ˰ʮ һλ
ɵ鴬Ѫɫ˾Ѹ磬ȴƽذȽ
䵽鴬Ҳûд߸ɣ˵Ԩɵʱ򣬷ѶϵºԱɫ
ѶϵͻȻʹ⣬߸ǰǷ̵棬ǲҪԨ鴬
鴬߸ɵģϷͲĹŲһ壬ͨ鴬Ԩõġ
Ԩһ˾ӣǵ˼ͼ䡣
Ȼ߸ǱԨɱôĹ߸ӦҪ
߸Ĺ֮·ǽĻϣȻʲô࣬ѶϵҲֶΣԸеǡ
ǣ߸һû󶯸ɸ뷨Ԩֵһƽ
ǰѪȼֻǸոյ˼һȺսʿУ㡭
߸ɸݵϣ¶εɫɬ˵һһƬսʿɢҡֻеһ
Ļ棬Ԩķˣ߸ɾЩ塣
Ԩ㶣ȫûӡ󡣡
ס
߸ЦЦһ㲻⣬λǿɷħƴظ鴬룬˵ȵڰɡţǸϲ鴬ᱻ˦䣬鴬ٶȾԷŻˡ
ԨԸȽȥ
á
ħƾУѸٴǾ֫ϸ룬»Ϊڴ󶦵̬Ʈա
ͷһݣǿɷħԲԸ붦ڡ
λǿɷħʧڴԺ鴬ķٶȣ͵Ԩ档
ĳӰ鴬Ź죬Եģ塣
Ҳʱ֪ΪЩɷħϣұ߸ƿص鴬Ըֲٶȷš
ҲûԹ㣬Ϊ㵱ʱɱʱҶûӡ󡣱Ͼʱ򣬾ֻǸֵһСɫϰ㡣
߸ɫѣԼΪĹƺ黳
Ϊҵֻһɣ˭ʲôֶ֪ԲŻҡ
зͼǿҳΪ˹ҳڵ߸ɡ
ԨĿ£߸ɿ˿Ѷϵ£Ц˵û˵Ըؼ塣
ѶϵȻ𾴣壬ŵĸؼ壡
߸ɵ˵ͷ˵ǵģǵǸҵ츳ǳڣһʼҾͱΪƽߡأû洧ĦѪͻƣûкúôսա
ججأҾ˴뱲ӣҲֻǰ˼Ѫ
һŵʱ򣬳ǸؼĳЦʱ򡭡Ҳһɱҵˣ֪ҵ֣һǺһһġ
߸ԳЦ
ˣлǼһѣҾһֻҲ߸ɵһ¯ڳɢһҪ߸֮ʣµĲ֣ȥ֤һʲô
ǣǵ츳ҳ˹һȥҵ̫ˡ
ǵģְˡΣ֪˭ֻ߸һ֣
˼߸ɣ˵ʱ¶һķɡ

֪ú鴬ͣס
ˡ
߸ɴ˻һΪ۰鴬ֺȻŴĿ
˳Ŀ⣬ԨͷһƼһƯյĻҰ½ء
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ڴȪۣ顱ð峺ȪˮȪˮڵǳ档
һ޴Ĺڴڣ·ҲȡȪˮ׳
Ϊïܣ֦ҶҶΪѨ̾ᡣ
ڹ£ڶȪ֮䣬һλ欵Ů꣬бɣͰڽ
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˾ǣЩ˿ڵܣ˾ӰҲʣͷԺ
·˾ӵʹ켣ĵ귨򣬲ڷ˿ڣ߸ˡ
Ͱ櫽뿪˹Ҫд
ɲֹ߸ɡ
˸İ櫣ȴԶߴһͷ۵ĺ췢кܴٴһŮԼΪĴӢΰ
һ˫ɫ·ܽ˵קУҲŮ
ǣ
ŮȣǻҰ½رأͷͣ鴬˵ǸԨ
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ֲͬ켣תˡΣ
ͬΪĹڿԨĵһ̣ͺ߸һƳԨ棬ҿĸΪ͸
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߸ɽͣҲð櫽ܣѿ͸һС
ԨڣӡǵĲ䣬λǰȻǺ塣
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ΪֻأתͬڣϴӺЩյ
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Ҿ֪㿴ĵһۣͻʲôˣҲض˵ЦԨ߸ɣһͬ½ض˵棬ûнҵϢݣ
Ԩ˵ͷʣôģ
ȵİܹ֧ͨǡҲ̽죬ҸоҺܹҸκηԸԹհġ



һǧ˰ٰʮ 
˵ʱĿһ顱ðˮȪۣĻʵʻħӰȪڡ
ħӰȪˮѸͣڶģƣȴŨ塣
գ۹Ұɫ½أ˼ʮ櫡
ֻһʵѪʣµģȫܾɡ
ҴӺԴͷȡʱһ谭û
櫵ЦţЩͨ·һ֧ȪۣƬ̹򣬳۾ܿ಻˼¡
֧кܶ࣬鲼ǺӸչģҲ߸ܾģĿľܹ꣬мѭأԺ򡣡
Ůȣŷָ׸ǵָٲڷ
һİ׻ָͷڷɳϸϸķ˿ʧ
Զ˾ӣĳЩںˮӹ̵ܽ꣬ͻİ׻ûһԻޡ
λõ֧Ȼ櫼ħд棬򱻸֪
赭д˵ƺֻҪ֪׼ȷλãҵ
ӭ
ħһȪħӰݱʧ
ʱԨͬΪ߸ɣһ鴬뿪ˣƮȼҰɫ½ء
̤˲䣬һܵŵ롣
߱ǻһЩԴͷ٣С֮ѨϣЩܡ
ͨУҲе˰꣬ݳЦݡ
ף
ͻȻһŨܣ˱Ѩն̨
ն̨ڲ磬壬ϽѪںϵļ˪ɫ¶Ȼ֮ɫȡǹܡ
Ȼһλǿء
ᣬȴΪ欵ȣƳһԨǻѨϣ·֪˼˪Ĵںۼ
䣡
߸صȵڣȻûгƥƺǳڶȵһ𾴡
ңһͣסӣȾ
ҡͷҶǹ񣬲ô
ûнΪǰܹĶݣһֱ߸˵
鴬ϣɷħؿǿþ޴Ĺ
ûλǿɷħٻҲû߸ǰȥΪǿù֦Ҷڣפ̾ŵڶԶɷħڵǿҶࡣ
ǧ򼶣ߣʮ֮࣡
ĸоλŮǿҰɫ½У׶ɱеǿɷħ
ҹȥ鴬վţСԨ¶ĸо
Ѷϵ¿Ц˵λ˵̸ǻǱˡ
ͷȼɫԶͷȻǻ۵ġ
ͷͻȻʶһƥش
ֲ򣬿ֲ׻
ưҲ򣬻Ĺ
ǣУֻȣ߸ɣԨаλվš
أλҪ׷ɱĬrġΪĬrԺݣתϢߵĺۼԨͣºʼ˽͡
νߣǺݵġԴͷһ־Ҳλһλס
תǰ櫵ĵ
ͬЯݱԴİ櫣ͺߴɭԺսĶֱ̫ѡ˳֡
Ϊȣ뿪Σ㽫ߡԴͷء
ϧȲ̤ݣʼղ뿪
ͨȵΰ飬ȷغݵԴ꣬Ԩϣʴ
Ҳߣ
ţںʼղðͷߣҲ˺־ݱԲŻԶ
ߣԭǴʹȥݵģɺ겻˵ѳ
櫵ĵڽսʱһºݼƻ
ºݼƻǴڻؽµĺݣԴ˰ԭݵ¹滮ѭֻء
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ǣķֺƲ⣬Ͱ˵ˣݵԴѾˡ
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ôʱ·޵ĺߣҲƼʶ״
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Ĭr߸ɡһҲǴ״̬
ǹ񣬶ڵһλǱ̹˹Ůħͨݻǵط



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ðͷˡ
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³һǳӣǹڱԴĬr߸ɣţô취Ĭr
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櫴Ƚӽ㣬ŴݲȵٴοڣҰĺܴΪΨһĹִֻ¯
Ҳ䣿
ȳ˷˶ԶԶЦţһƬƬԽҲԨ춴ͣסλŮЩ棬㻹ܺħ깵ͨôģ
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񣬺ı˿Ҳܴ
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ΨݵصǹԴ꣬İȥԨ
ȻħǼ壬Ӧûʲô󰭰ɣ
ȾźðͷûйĵǣΪ֪櫻Ǳߡ
԰櫵ġ
Ԩͺսػ塣
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Щ̫ˡ
Ȼ֪Ԩλ˵еնߣ˴ģϾֻԨһѪ塣
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Դ꣬һ֣
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ȻһԵԨ춴ûɾ
ȴݣݵ壬еú־ļһ
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ۿԨҡͷ˵ƫƫ˴£Դ֮شһιͲˡ
ಣಣಣ
һһԨаһ̤Դ磬ǱԨǰʱ¶Ϣ֪ǿ˶ٱ
ÿһ𶯵޵Ŀռ䰼ݣԨѹֳصĸо
ǵ־ǶԼֺ֧Ӧ
ˣûԨǺݣʵֵģգ۶Ц



һǧ˰ٰʮ 

Ԩն̨ں߲õġУն̨ڳȡս
⣬ûκαãΪ˱״̬оȡ
ǧںߵĻһɽѨݳŨ˾Ӱ㣬Щŵɽ
һĿֲѹڶɽͷţԨ
䣡
ԨʶСأʮŻɵĻ֮У˲𣬻Ϊʧꡣ
Ǿ޴꣬仯һƬ
ƬʱԨξżУôأ׷·ԨĹȥ
˺һ֣Ԩ״̬·һˡ
Ȼͬģܱ
Ҳ̾ڹеЩ
ŵԴ֮Ŵ˫ŵ۾Ƥ΢һ¡
ϧʱĺ߸עⲻ
ߣ
һͷͷЧȣȴߵ׻ʱ޴Ĺðź߹С

֦ҶïʢĹǿҰɫҡ֦ɡ
꣡
ߺ˸ɽ๹ġ󡱣֦ɴ͸
ЩɽлɽĹ׼ط׷ױը
ԨʶȻһѸٻָԭʼ̬
ƺԸڹĹǰ¶̫ܡ
Զ˾Ϸͣŵ鴬볤ߵзѶϵ¶ʱ
Ϊʩڸľƽˡ
󡱣

ľ޴Ǵ׳ĺɫȻ뿪ƬҰɫ½أȻա
ĸϸ͵ĸڷ裬Ůȵͷ
һ̣ЩŵĹ룬ͻ˶Ŀɭĵ磬ΪĹﴩ͸
еĸ뻯һŵĻ𣬽Щᣬû͸Ĺȼճɻҽ
գ۹ģΪĹˡ
꣡
֦ɣ޴Уյɽ䴩顣
󡱣ûܾչͱפȴӪĹݻ١

ֳն̨ЩɽеԨͺߺսһȴƬ쳣Ȼսǰˡ
̾еģЩ˯еĹƺһ
ɿݵڣڶĻԺǵͷǿ
΢Сͷ·ЩǿУǳɢġ
һһƥ㣬ȻҲǻۺԡ
һƬƬҶ˿۾˺ߵϡ
Ҳ׼һĺߣһİĹĹϢȴδιң
ݣ
˶Դ֮ԣλĶȡôݲݵؽսԶս
ļƣǲˣҪϽͨɭ뿪
ηĲǷѶϵ£ҲԨƺ
Ǹ˵أ˵С󣿡
ҡͷ۾ȫˣĿźߵȥֻҪһУ͹ϵس뿪ҪȻغݣһɱԴںˡ
УӦҲͨ;ͼ´һߵ
⺫ߡĸߴӢˬİ櫣ԽӲĲʧЦ򣬴ɭս߸ɺλΧˡ
ɴ˵ȣһҲһʱ䳷룬櫵ǳûʮİգһᾡȫȥðյġ
ա
һƬʯĹӨˮӣǵ΢ϣѯʣһף
䴩һɽƵ󡱵ĹȻ͸˵¡
һ£еɽ飬ͻȻ׹˾ӡ
ףԨһ
ǰ櫺˵һס
νףȫȻ֪Ҳ˽˽⡣
ԽףΪ־ʵӣǡӡ
櫵ȻһЦʶ£ںݽԴͷļ룬ֺȽȻ֪׵ͷ
־ִֻأתԴꡢԴѪͬѼѱ״̬Ūס
ƺΪߣǿգչһ·мҿɻء
ȥ˺ݣչ֮·ʱԴ꣬Ҳûл
֮·񣬱Ⱥ߸ɷֵˡ
˶٣ٵһףֻ¯ʱ̹עֻ¯һһʧ
ףտ򣬶ŸĶҲѡ񡣡
Ц
Ҳܻһֱûң׾ںδԴУֳһǵı飬Ը˺ߣǾܺߵȾָ
͸ỵ̂˺ߣԵЩá
ѹȸҵһҵһԴ֮ţԭףһ
ùڣ˵ˣԨģǶ졣
Ƚ䱸ģ˺⣬Ԩ
Ӧȥɭú߲櫵ǿù˵
ɢڶ׻Уǵʶ綸Ȼ
ȵĹڹٴγţһ볤ߡ
׵˼룬ܽЩɣĻɭҲտȥġ
һԨоƺǹһۡ
ʱ֪ն̨ɭǣ类ĳ־ϸϸؿһ顣
Ǹ־ǰĹƿɭĵףҲǺͬĴڡ
Ԩһ£ͻȻʣ־ʲô
ûбԨ챦ʴǰݵǸԴ꣬ĽԴѪѽҸ׺ƺΪԴǡ
櫵ɫȻЦͲñ
Դ꣬ԴѪĴڣ㹻𾴣ΪǴ֮Դ
ԴǣԨȻ
˵ɣ磬ΪһṹĻԴ꣬ԴѪ񣬶ԴǾ񡣡
ǷֱӦϧ˺ݣĹĽϣѪһʼʹˡ
գֻףֻȥӦԴꡣ



һǧ˰ٰʮ ʢȴ
Դǣ
Դ꣬ԴѪ֮⣬ȻԴǵĴڣ
ԨΪ֮
Ƶ۵ʱҲ˵ġ
ƺЩ򣬲Դͷߣضҵࡣ
Ȼ⣡
ӵ֮꣬һؽףԪɱ䣬ȻӦŴ˷صĴڡ
Դ꣬ԴǣԴѪ
ϵԺ󣬾Ͳɷѿĵشĥ
Ҳζţɾߵĵ·ˡ
ļһںݱϾࡣ
ͣĽᾧ񲻺Ѫܣעû취Ϊߡ
ôΪ˵Ѫ̣޵ĲǴںݱԡ
һϵվΪɱԪ񣬶ѪĴ죬ȫΪһ
һӦľǺݵصԴ꣡
Դǡ
Ԩ˼أ걻櫳Ϊ׵Ĺѯʡ
Щ˵ɡ
櫻ӻ֣Ԩú
һϯȹѵվ˹£ͷһƬƬ۾ĴҶӡ
Դ֮ţһ绯Ԩ춴׹Ԩļۣһаٴðͷܹħͨİ櫣ͷĳ
Ԩ΢΢ɫ
壬櫵˵·ǵ˲佨Ӧ
֪ĬrͱԴİ룬Ȼ󼫻ۺͱԴںϣԨ춴ڵ
һϸ
櫿ǿþ޴Ḷ́ףҲԴ͵ʶʲôõĽ𣿡
ܺһħ껥ͨôλ׵תȡ
Ҳţ֪꣬ԴǲԵףӦöԾжϡ
ҵĽ飬ʱԨ֮ţҪ绥ͨ
Ϊλף·侲˼۲Ԩ״
УԴԨ춴ҪûѪͽԨ˷Уֻһ̹˹ȻܹԨ裬ɱ˲С
⣬֮زסĻ;
ɭһᶢţ߳ȥģһѰܳ
λ׳Ƭ̣ͻȻú߳ΪΪǺݵ壬ԴҪͨ״
壬ꡭ̫Ī⣬̫δ֪ء
ԥţ̫ˣĻǵҽΪ񡣡
һԨϡ
ΪʲôңԹ
ǲͬģ֮꣬һʼħꡣǱ̹˹˵ĺӣӡǣԶЩ·۾Ҷϣ㣬Ҳɲ˹񡣡
ݵ壬Ϊʲôࣿ˵Ĳ˼飿櫲⡣
Ǹм۵ļһд𰸡̹˹ˣӦҲҵ˴𰸣ԨȻס

һߡ
ŤʱյԨ춴ۻһа񣬽һΧס
ĬrֿıԴ뵽꣬ǵӰ·һɫķۣ˲ɣظС
ԨһԨͺܹ֣˺͹岻
ֻǿԨ԰櫡ȣĬr޶á
̬Ԩ֮ˣǰļۣǸоһûס
ԨݣȻ֣
ˣһˣ޵Σ
۲ӣüһδ֪ҫǹеԨ춴ٴλԴ֮ţˣ֪̫ɻʵһֱҪȥģǡԨ
ȥһ£Σ
ָŻָԭ״ٷû֮ܵԴ֮š
ȿˣģһعġΪô˽Ǿǡ
ݵ־ӦҲȥԨ
ʾеаʱҪֻԨ롣
ȥ
ſڣͺȣ׸ңһԨ֮ţܴͨ硣
УǧҪ̬ȥԨ
ܹħ깵ͨλ׵Ȱ棬Ͻ˵Ԩ
Ȼ
۹̫棬Ԩ޺Ԩڼ£ᶨĺȻɶˡ
ã
ƮȻǰ
Ҫȥ
Ĭr߸ɾС
ŮĹȣֻüͷƺԨһ񣬶һû񾳣ԨҲûʲô˵ġ
ˣ뿪˵ػܹͨԨ꣬ΪŪһ
ػ꣬ȻԨʱڱ壬ȵֶΣ¼練ơ
ˣҵһ죬ʵҲ˺ܾá
ӭ̬ʾЩ꽵ٵа񣬶ԶԴ֮š
Ҵȥ
Ԩ·߻Դ֮ţƺʹԨ
ģɱԴɵɫۣһԴ֮ź󣬷·ڼʵسԨ
һĻԨҲƼˡ
ԺݵıԴԨԭ򣬹ȻԨŹ
߰ɡ
𾪵Ԩȴߴ˼䣬۴ЦʱҲС
λеĵĻڴ˵ȺȺ򡣡
һλаأʾҶ΢Ц˵ģۺλˣӦòԨ̫ãǺܿͻ



һǧ˰ٰʮ Ԩ
Ԩ
һѤõԴ֮ţڻ谵ĿУػε
ԨУڶԴ֮ŵһ
Ԩǵ񣬺ͼһǰһ󣬴ġԴ֮šݳ˴˵еԨ
̬ûż̤ʵأɻؿŽµ硣
һ鰵ɫδأපѨ޽ʯԹ
⣬ڶξУ󲻵Ĵ׳ֲ
谵Ԩû£Ҳûǳ
µδظƯ飬δ൱ģ½ء
ÿһ½ϣΪȴϡŹֵ顣
ͷ½ա
ϡ
һɫɵ½أ鸮ۡ߸ϣͷɫĹԴҫ·硣
ĴԨֱǿ½أ궼СС
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ͷ֣Ŀ½·а˿ģСɢĸ½ء
ԨĽṹȫͬ
ǻ̬ļۣԺݱԴɫۣһڿ񱩻ҵԨȻ
·֤ʲô¡
ˣԨ߲㣬ֳĽṹԨߴͷŹ½أԨĿеʥ֮أɲʲô˶̤ġ
ֻһ飬ԨĹԴҫԨ硣
֮£ڶ½㣬ڵ䣬Ŀ½ء
ԴƣĲа˸½أʮ½أʮײ㣬ʮĸ½ء
ÿһ½أһ磬ڶԨ顣
ɵһͷŵĹֻҫ㡣ײʮĸ½أʮĸ磬ŵԨ飬ϳ壬һҲԿᱻͷŵĹҫ
ԨĬֻǺأԨṹͨա
Ԩ塣
ЦһȻָԴ֮š·һʵѪġˡ
壡
Ԩ˳Ŀһͷһߣͼۻ൱ˡ
һͷӢθߴȴݵˡ
ƺΪʱ䴦״̬Ծ̫á
ҲѨϣԨ֪幹죬ûԵ
ͬǣвû𾪵Ԩеȫͬ
еļۣԨȻҲѪ壬ΪЩӴа㣬ÿһ鼡ڶ̺ص
ƫƫԨоȻˣôˣ
粻еķˣ
ˣϸš
̬ļۣȻ£ڱԴ꣬Ԩش䡣
ͱԴһС
λǣںݵĵıԴƺѪĳɱ䣡

񱩶ҵԨͻȻӰ˷ӿ򼫻۵֫ٺĹǿм롣
۵˻ţ߱ڵ壬·һӱԨ
ĽอԨĥôţʼһֵͻۿɼٶȽǿ
ˣҲΪ壬Żͻޱ䣬ΪԺݵıԴ
໺š
䣡
һ߰ɣڣĸսʿĴ룬Ȼ䱼ܹ
ɽεĴ½ȴ̡
ܿ죬͵˼۵ǰ޾ˮ㣬ԺݱԴɱļۣǻԲԣ˵ߣõˣʧȥĶ
ۺЦϡ
ѪļȻգԨ꣬ҴȥԨײ㿴
ԨͷһԨ˹

ͼһԨĵ㣬ͻȻ绺䡣
Ĳ˸½أиϡŹ֣ӴԨ顣
е޺ĽϣеľȻǾѪеǾ߰壬ȴĽš
һ㣬˸½صԨ飬йеֵ̻ģ໥μ
ܺƽҲǻۣйƶԼŸ
ǵ㣬ʮ½ء
һԨ飬ʮ½ضڷСģս½غ½ؼ䣬Ҳмսнս˴˷һ֡
㣬ʮ½ء
һĹѾǳĻ谵Щɢܿ½أԨгһŵӰ޷ȫ
ֻܿһ½ϣеԨ飬ƺڽŲпɱ໥ʳѪ⣬Լ׳
ҰѪȣпᣬһɣ
ƴǿԼѪøƷʵƺΪϣȥ
ǵ߲㣬ԨĵͲ㣡
簵ڣһĹҫ˵Ըҫ
ʮĸ½أʮĸ磬֮Ԩ飬ֲڸ
ǣ˵ǻȺ˵ǡҰޡ
һײԨ飬·ûп㣬ֻѭűܻ
ûйײ㣬ʮĸڣ໥ɱ䣬˺ҧսߵѪ⣬ûпҰޡ
һĿֲֲҲڲʳſѪ⣬ûйʮĸ磬ȴϲ㲻ڵͿʯ
ҲԨǿߣһûɱЩҰްļһ
ײ㣬ΨһģȻǡˡ
Ԩ񣬵һƾɵ䣬ԶԶͷС壬޽ǽ壬ǻַֹЩģûǵҰ޳˺Ե
Ϊʲô壬Ԩһײ㣿
Ԩʣɻ˵ǺʱԨû飬ûлͨѪ˰
Ȼϳ
ԨǽСˡˣϸһ룬Ǹ壬Ϊֻںݳ֣һ룬ͻ֪ϵ̩̹ûеִǰݣֻ籴̹˹ħޡ
̩̹ˣЯԨ׹䵽صԺںݳ֡
壬̩̹ľѪɱɣĻʵǵģٲȫǡ
ۼĵؽ͡
ԶĺڰУܿЩսսνˣԨˣû
ӷֲ˴̬Ԩ
ԨǣǱԨǣкݵ壬ԴʵԨͻȻһͺ
Ԩһϯĵͺ𵴵ķ·ҡҡ׹
壬ԴȻԨ
壬ЩһҲǸԭ
ôܣܰɣ
ԨһӸܲ˼۵ⷬЩԨײ㣬ҰްԨֵġˣ˿̾ǰ
Щˣ񲻾ǺݵˣǺͲеķˣûʲô
Ԩ׼ޱɭϣڸ߲Ԩ飬ζǿ͸߹Ԩ߶
²Ԩ飬Ҫȥһȴѱȵ죬ҪŬʹۣ󲻵ġ

һϧĿ⣬ЩСأսսؽ䱸ˣ˵ԨĻ壬ΪԨԴĵһ㣬ߣаǡ
ǱԨ壡
ֱʧȥһ
Ǽ̩̹Ԩ룬Ū˺ݡ
˺ݵԨˣǸˡ
ǣǼʧȴ䵽Ԩײ㡣



һǧ˰ٰʮ Ծӣ
Ԩײ㣬ŵЩ΢СˣȻǺݵ壡
ռ۵˵Ԩ壬ƿ߲ԨܹаԹԵ
ԨţҲ޷󵱳ǣԨǺεȸ߹
۾ƭˣʵǰ
ǻ̬ԨҲ޽Ĵ䣬ǵĶԻ
˵ԣǺͺݷ˵۹ܱߴȫһ
ͬǣҪԵģЩбѪǵġҰޣ
ڴ丽ıϣ˵أڷŶֶϽŵĹǺҲǸ塣
Ӧ뿪䣬뿪ܿǵΧǽܱѰıʱûǵԨϮɱ
ǵѪอɸɾԲĹͷͱضˡ
óЩ߹Ԩ壬ڵľҡ
Ϊʧ
ԨĿûԨûЩǰƾԨ󣬶ضΣյԨȻ塣
νԨˣǺԴͷ˫ͷһµġ
۸ʵ۶ôԽܣܾࡣ
ԹˣûۿһĻ棬˵컨׹¶š

ûйҫԨ߲㣬ʮĸеһǾ߸ߴȴԵݵȻԨ
ײԨҲſ񱩺ͻң·ȾѪ˼룬κԨսҺɱ
ײԨҪϡĶࡣ
ͼһӵ㿪ʼ£ܸоĵ޴ڵԨԽԽϡ̺ҺԽࡣ
⽫ײԨ飬û취޵Դ
ײԨ飬Ļ£עȲϲ㡣
ˣǣ֪жǿ𣿡
ۼóĬ֪˵ûʧǰԨ߲㣬ԾӡͶ䣬ɽѣܺϺ
ԨĶ㣬ֻҪŬ㣬аеη
ЩԨײ㣬һͻаҪ꣬ʮĻۣ˵վ㡣
ȥΰǡ
ϧ
һ̾ͷųһħ
ԶĴׯУһͷԵ׳ʵ꣬Ƥһ޹ƳɵĳСԽǽûʱһ·Сܶ
ʱվ˼ǰϵعżۿͷ
һ߿ͷһ˵˾ǵ˵ģȺϲ£ѵ𣿡
꿴Ҳʮ߰꣬Ӹ㣬߷˵壬Ҳռһ׳
⺱֮
Ķվǻǵġ
۶£ŽΪ꣬һָͷǻಿλ
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΢΢һ𣬴ͷؿڣı仯
仯ܼ򵥡
ײԨ伫Ϊϡȴӿ롣
Ǵ˵
˵УЩԨˣһ̣ȻӿԨ
˵УЩܰǿǣӵа񶼾ηս
ȻԹĴ˵ҲֻǴ˵
ΪûΪûܹ壬࣬ȥɼԨΪãԨ˲ŻһֱСֻܿǻ
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۵üһĹݳ뵽Ժ
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ȥɣҸķںʵʱȥˡʲôʱʣԼ֪ģʹԨײ㿪ʼ˿ʼɡ
ļۣĶͷʾع䡣
ڿϲе꣬ÿһ仰ΪŻ죬ͷɵػع顣
Դǻ֣ԨͻȻʡ
ô˵
һ£˵ûݵıԴҵ壬ҲԶû취ۼԨҴ˱Դ뵽壬Ҫʲô£ԨͻȻۡ
ΪԴڲͺԨԨܲɷ֡
⣬ۺһЦ
ˣһԨ֮飬ǺݵЩ壬ʲôΣǷˣܹԨ
ǶܴԨڣȡԨȥ׳Լ
ΪǺݵ壬ԨԣʺԨκԨþ޴ս
ȻӵбԴߣң̴Ц죬ȻԨʣ
ڴ
Դ֮Ǽһǵ磬ȻװΪ̬֮ϾԨˣȺ
ҪģȳΪԨǿȵõݵȻԨ֮š
һδԨ֮ųħ񱴶̹˹棬ǡ㣡
̬㣬һȫ߸Ĺ
û뵽ԨѾ䵽ײϵˣͷУȻѾѿںݷչޱ˳ͳʢ
һһԨЩаһߣıȡµԨʱҲԺݵض
֪ʵңһֱĽţ뿪
λ̹˹شԨа׹Դ֮񣬼Թԡ
ңǺݵ־Ҳ֪Ĵ治죬ûܳɹ
ȻһЦںڰпԨˣӦ֪ǺĹ˰ɣ
ԨǵĹ磬ںǸ硣
Ԩ֮ţɲǹԨǻع硣
һѣ彫ط԰Ҳܳϸ߲㣬νаվҪǰ㳼ǵġ



һǧ˰ٰʮ ߸֪
Ԩ㱡
۵ⷬʵ߸Ԩ֪
Ԩԭģ
徹ȻԨļ磬νʴԴ챦Ի͵ĸԴ
ô
ºݼƻһʵʩǺԼĸԴۣ
ҪݣҪѱʴԴ꣬ζűѣ
ѵԼ
ԨеЦԷǡ
͸¶ʵ࣬Ȼһӳ˴ɣΪˡ
ΪҪѺݵƺҪԴĨɱ
ȻǼа࣡
ѽҵںȻԨײʱҲһ𾪡˽Խ࣬Խǽӽ࣬ҾԽԽܡ
Ԩĵ߲㣬ӢļۣЦԨǵ
˺ܳܳʱ䣬Ž˼ŤתȻΪԨͬЩʲôҪΪ˸ʲôʱԴ֮㽫Ľˡ
ε̾һпǱ̹˹شѲĽõԴȨġ
С
΢΢һЦ
ڵػɽԴ֮һлʱŽӴ־ʱ֪ҵ뷨֪ΪԨıδԨ߷塣һ̣֪ҵõϿɡ
ҵϿɣԽ˶ԺԶ֧ҵҵΪ
ˣԴѾӰԴꡣǾֻ֮ҪعݵصףȥͨȥϤԴѪܡ
ӰԴ㣬ԴѪҲӰˡ
Ǹ磬Ǻ彫ڸؿܹ統Ԩ㣬ͳȺ
õ㣬ҲӮͬǵ
Թ⡣
ȻԨȴĬš
ڰֵ磬ǧײжҰԨ飬ֹɱ¾໥˺ҧɽ
ֻʮĸײıɽһǡ
ôԨ飬ͨ˲пĽʽ׳ͼһ㣬͸߲ԨսʿԴ
һһģԨ֮۵Щνа񣬲ҲǴײ㿪ʼ
ˣ˵壬һȸ߸ϣ񷴶䵽Ԩײ㡣
۵ԨûѡЩȻ׺Ԩ飬֪ͨתķѡһ塣
ȻǿûԴӳֵ壬ԭȾǷӡ
ΪԴĵ㻯ڷɿɱš
ȻǴĿǰԨײ壬ϵ㣬ٴεǶԨĵһ㡣
ƽ
ıĺͼ־Ԩ֮ѣǿߣ׷̤ԨĻϡ
ֻǣΥԼ
Ԩţ˼ţû취ش
ˣʵԴ֮ںݣûбҪγǰǴݵǿߣԨġЦţ͵ҺԴ֮ǼһﲻͬҪʢ˥𣿡
һֱĬԨͻȻӦвԾĵط
ʲôȻ
ִԨָ̬֣ԼĶͷڻᱻ˵ΪҪºݣ˵Ҫ
ԶȵõϿɣܻ֮һıƷڡ
ͣƬ̣ԨȵõԴϿɣڱ̹˹֮󣬵õԴߡΪβ㣬֪ⷬң˵ˣΪλҪºݼƻʵʩ
Ԩ벻ͨ
˿̣Ҫ߸ɻȣмһĳ嶯
֪ͳڣʢʱλݵ־ûкࣿ
˵࣬ԼһУҪºݣǱȻԭģ

˼ţҵĲǣǸʱԴӰ컹ǱԴ긳أ㽫ԴΪԼĶ˺͵ߣӰԴΪаȾԴ
ʱԴ֮Ϊǵӭͷһһֱӱܡ
û취ûԨ㿴Ԩࡣ
ԨԨײ壬˵ʲô㶼šֻţԨаȾԴ꣬ԴĴڡ
ԣΪڶԿԿĵߡ
һź˵
ͻȻ
һǳľ壬ƴԨĵ䣬׼ȷ˼ۺԨڵ½ء
ѸٵƯ
Ԩĵ߲㣬Ԩ飬е
ߣ
ķ˹ˣ
ĴУв֮ߣѾ˹£ͷԱʾԽߵ𾴡
Щûǣֻ֪ƾɱ¾Ԩ飬Ҳȫͣս
ܹ䷨ߣشɱһߣƷʳ׽
һ㣬ûκԨ鵨ҷʳߡ
֮ԨһƬס
ܿ죬ͳ˼۵ͷ
ߣķ˹
ԨһۣλԨа̬ȻԴʱ޼
ķ˹壬ֳ޴ģŧҺһֻֻɫ۾·ڿˡ
˿̣ӴǳԨ壬ðỤ̃·վս
ôˣЩλԨаֵĴ󲿷꣬ΪͻȻԴ糷أ
ķ˹һֻɫ۾ڿԨʱԥһ¡
꣡
޴ǳѿһ϶߳һӰ
һ͹죬ʹǻȺ̫Ƶġ
һֻ۾ϸ֫ţͷųֲ겨ӵԷԺ
ҷ˱̹˹ҹȥ鿴ʱ򣬱ˡ
ڣһСа񣬾ɥ˵ټаʱ̹˹Ц뿪ˣͻȻҲˡ
̹˹Ԩܡ
ͼһԨҲŪ̹˹뷨ûϵã˱̹˹Ѷ
ķ˹˼Ϊֹ̹˹Ԩ鷳
ôŲߣԵúֵܷ꣬˵ôԴ֮ţֲԨĸ棡Դ֮ŽԴ磬취ع粢ѡ
һԨͻȻ֪̹˹ԨҪֹࡣ
Ԩǿ߽̹˹شѹţǱ̹˹Ԩ棬аΧ°Ȼ
̹˹ܻȥģǲԸء
ڲ
ķ˹Ǿ߹С壬һŤʱ̳ʹࡣ
ײ⼸½أ˵õڵ֮޷ɼԨˣһ־ǿˡ
УһЩħȺҲǿİ취ǻԣ
ɶļһԨƫƫκβ
ķ˹ŭХ
½صԨ飬һХͼֱϲŭߣͻȻͻҷˡ
ԨɫŹ֡




һǧ˰پʮ ҵڵı̹˹
ħ񱴶̹˹ںʱʦѵϲҵڵ
ϵλħҲǱඩߣǼٽԼ֡
ԨҲҪһף
Ԩ飬ȥ꣬ʲôô
Ԩеѽ⣬Ĭأȼۺ͸ķ˹
Ԩȷ͸أ״Ҳ⣬Ҳȫż۵ĻԼѰҸࡣ
ײԨҫоͰΪơ
ȻʮĿ½·Ϊĺڰʲô
ڰԴ
ԼԼ䣬ƺᵽĳضϵϢ·ݳĿǰ߲Ԩδؾȫ
Ԩͷһ̹˹һ̹˹ԨĿ
ʲôĹ
ܼƻǿƻ˵ĴܸУʱķ˹֪ʲôĹ𣿡

ڸķ˹ǾӴ͵ŧڣƤƤƳɵġ鼮˳
ЩƤƤᣬŶ֭ˮɵ˼۵ǰ
üͷ˺ϵƾԼƹסƺ鼮մȾҺ
Աס֣һᷭģʣµЩ¡
ֻһ£ɫʱͱѿˣħͷ
̬ԨԶһķλڼͷУҲűĵġᡱ
ƤƤƳɵġ鼮֣Ȼġ
ԨûǰԨʵͳߣǻ۵ԨȺȫҪѧϰԺ֡
ˣֺԾԨͨ
ħ񱴶̹˹һᣬɢԨĸ棬Ϊʸߡ
壡
⣬һЩԨĶħȺһЩƫƧţԭȺҲͨЩϵȥ׳Լꡣ
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Ҫ̫ã̹˹ڸ޻귽ܱ˽֪
кܶħвٵˣѾ˶棬
ķ˹ڵС˶һʹغţôã̹˹ʧӣ׫дԨȺԣдͬضԨĲͬ档
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ԨУԨȺͨѪǿ׳ǵ١
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̹˹ĴҶзϴ꣬ⲻǺԴ
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Ԩǵ񣬺ͼһһ鼮֪ܿЩԲͬԨȺ׫д
Դ꣡
ָоЩԡ鼮ϹԨȺ£Ҳᷢɱ䡣
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ķ˹㻹ȥϣȥԨ֮ŵɡ
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á
޴ճŧҺĴڵС˶Եɫ۾ԹؿһԨŲ鲻Ը뿪
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ķ˹ǳԨ֮ŵа죬ǰԴʱͺԨ˵ġ
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ԥһ£˵汲ȺΪԨ˲ŻԻ͡ȺȱʵʹӣԨһ֣Ҹ˵ļһ
ԨءŶһ
̹˹Ƕ񶾣޳ܣ۳ȵ
ôԨȻ¡
ˡ
Ԩ͵һȵںʱŤתϵɱΪԪҲԪħǿҪħҲɹˣǱԴĻ
ԨӰ΢
۶Ϥһ£ͲµˣڼԼ˵ˡ
ˣԴĻǵߵɱﵣ
ǵĵߣԴλÿһɾߣ뱾Դλ
ԴǼҲǿĹؼǺߵıƷ
ͨ뱾ԴںԴĶаһ֣ûñ̹˹óѡ
ڡ
ĽǲƺԨѾ֪ԴۿԨӦûս
ǵʵ飺ԴսҲûлյʤսڳ
ǳ磬ԴϢϢصħȺԽǿʢԴͻ˶׳̹˹ԨЩķԨˣиԨȺ
ҪԴӰԨѿԨȺǿԴ
Դõ־ߣҲĵ˺в
ۼҧгݡ
ĳڼ۵ĿУԨѾĹ磬ЩԨ壬ҲΪˡ
ħ񱴶̹˹Ԩ꣬ĴָԴ꣬Դ׳۷ŭѡ
ܼȥˣҪ죡

һԨš
ûܽԨ״Ūûм̹˹ԨԨײ㣬ֱȥ
ҪƿԨ֮ţøݵ氲ԶԴߣ㻯ԨˣԨϵʽѪΪ׳󡣡
꣡
򱴶̹˹ļƻüļۣûдԨϸ̽ԨĲͬ棬ٴ쵽ġԴ֮š
ȻԴɡѾ˾



һǧ˰پʮһ ǿ͵ķ컯
ڼۺԨʧ֮
ԶƾɴУǰõʶĴ׳꣬һںʯ齨ķݡ
Уڵڷ⡣
Ҷ񱩵ԨӺڰеĸۣϲϲ֮ɫֽǻԼ۴ڵķʽ
оǻһѨϴ۴һۼ
Щ޴ڣԨϤ־־Ȼ˳
ԭڵЩߣкܶǿ׳սʿͼԨȺ㣬Щʱ
ҪôܲסеĿ񱩡Ϣ
߾ǣεŬҲ޷Ԩǡ
ǵһ
˵
ڰе̲סͺŻ
үү
ͻȻ֣亮ǰ룬ðһ˶ͷ­
ǴĶǽ̵Ԩ鲫ɱס壬иѪĴ峤
żȻһƪķȥԿɡ
ĸߴˣƤᣬֶ˽
΢Ц˵׳󣬻Ҳһ·֪ŬڳΪѰҳ·ôͶ԰ɣƪҲܰﵽ㡣
ᣬ仰󣬾Ȼ뿪
Ԩĵ߲㣬ۺԨȴû̽磬˻һС
ЩǴ峤ǵ䣬˾š
˿̣һģ·ͨص׵ĹžԣͷصЦ
κܸߴïܵĺ룬ȼյĻһ㣬Ŵ󲿷գ۾Ҳ˵ģ·Ѫ˿
ħ꣬ڲͬԨ飬ֹ塣
Ҳֹǵ߲㡣
ڵԨٸħڻķʽӰԨ档
ۣ߸ķ˹νԨа񣬸û취Ԩ
ͽҲ֪ѡ񡣡
κȻһЦ۷·𿴵ڶԴӵͨһȥ٣û𣿡

Դ硣
ģͨԨԴ֮Աߣо޴⾵̬Ӱао޴ҶӰߣͬ߸ķ˹ڶӴҹаǸ߸ϣ俴·
Ĭr櫣λĹ񣬴˿ҲڡšǰȺ
ҼΪƣҲԵüġ
ǶڵȺżۣԨǵ֪ԨڹԺ󣬽ʲôľ
ǣЩȥһԨа
Ӹķ˹ĿУǵ֪Ԩ֮ŵλԨһܷͨĹؼ󣬾û˵С
˵˴󲿷аЩаԸðճԣԨ֮ȥӴݵġ壬ұͳԹͬԨ
аҲţ۽ԨԨԨλӺ߳壬֪ԨԺ󣬼ܱΪǵǿѡ
һͨں壬ǸĶ磬Ȼ˵ǿһǻӭǵġ
Ǹ֮֮أӱ磬ȻҲܷһ
ԨĻߣȻѾһβӦǱӭİɣ

ۺԨȥ
ɢԴ֮ŵǻ飬Ԩа񣬻Ĺ񣬻Ŀ⣬Ȼؾϡ
ˡ
ԴǻǾֹ
ǰλڴǿ壬Ҳ̩̹дӰɢ죬ǺܾηģԨ֮УҲǵ
֪ѡ񡣲֮ۡΣҶľ

żģɺݱԴڷۣȥһԨԺ籥Ԩ񱩡ҵ뵽õԴ硣
üٴιȻ׳ǿˡ
ǼɫķۣˮĹ⻪аź֮صģĬrλסֻƱԨڲ¼۵ͨ
λõˣǹⲻȥ
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ǼմȾԨڷۣȴȻ˦˳ȥ
ԴĻûԴ磬ûж֮ͻȻһɫա
谵ƣѹ֣Ϣ˾ҵĻͷš
ĻԨϤ·½صĸ߿գǡ컯󡱵ļǿɱ档
ڴɫĻ֮УڶڣޣԴͷ򣬵ȵȵС
ԴѪ½ѪɫĻ
ֻǽѪܣ֮ѪطΪ˻ǧ
Դ磬Ƭ֮Ҿȴ֮Цˡ
̬ĬrȺ߸룬ص㿴˿Ĭr˵ˣʧȥѪ塣ģ֮Ŀ壬Ѿ塣
ĸûˣͽʣ֮㣬һԱ
⻰ĬrеҲûѯʡ
Уؿ㡣
ԹԵؽ䣬콵񷣡
һһ磬ԨеɣõԴ߿գĻн䡣
֮Ĭr˲䱻Щס
ڴľ׵ǧը
ĬrĹ壬Ǿ͵׵ڲʱΪһẉ̂໥£ţֻᱻٴҡ
Ĭrûɢڼ
ʧȥԴյڶྫһֱԴĨȥһֱۻúԴԡ
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޵Ļ
ĬrǾ͵׵һش̰Ļ𣬡ڻصԨ󣬺ǹɱԴһմȾԨӶøǿˡ
ԴȻܹԨǿ
ȣ߸ɣа櫶Ĭrⷬˡ
ˡ
վڹԣ˹أԨ˵뿪ȻҲԴȥʵأܹͨ㹻ʱȥ˼ô
ڣǡ
ȣ߸ɣһħİ櫣ź˵ܱǸǾͲҪȥˡߣҲõλϿɣȥӹƿԴǵת



һǧ˰پʮ ɱ
䣡䣡
һڹȻƾкqqשչͬɫʯѸٶʱһֺµ
˹һλλԨаҡһ䣬̬
ɢ俪һڹԣص͵Ц
ӰаΪһλĵӰ帾ˣЦӯӯС⾵·žü棬Ϥ̬Ĺһ
ֻΪˣԨ֮ǸܲҵĴ߶
Ϊʵ̬Ǹ֣಻㣬ᱻΪаˡ
ͳӰ壬󣬵õӰ˵ϿɣٻӰǸ͸
߳һӣò񣬾Ȼȥĵϸ˹Ϊơ
ĵϸ˹ԴԺ󣬳ݵа
Դ֮
ŧҺģߣΪһͷްޣϵŧΪ˸񣬿Ȼɳªûôˡ
аҲ׷ױ仯еĳˣеĻˣеսʿսޡ
ЩаԺݵṹȻ˽⣬ûԱǣƺ뷨
ˣԨ֮Ǹʲô̬
ˣȻȥɡ
ܷУ۱ػӻ֣Ԩʱ뿪
Ļģаʥã֪Ĭr⣬ȣ߸ɣа櫶档
ֻйȼҪĬrƺҲ
ǣصؿǣҪҪȻع˵


ǿߴѵϷԨ⣬бƥ߸ɵзѶϵ¡
Դ֮ųţȴ֪ʲô״ûлﳢ롣
ͨԴ磬Ĭr֮ܽӵԴ֮ţ˿̱ǿĻΪ˿ֲĺڶ
ٽЩֻǽӽԴ֮ţ·Ҫ˺顣
ԨЩﶼо˲Ծɼࡣ
⡣
ǵ񣬱ȥԨҶȰȥ㲻
ԨаǰǿˣǺͼӦôĬ۵Ļ
ңȣЩа񣬶ڵͼ۳

ǳˣ
㡭ЩԥҲ֪Ԩʲô㿴أ·ڿǼΪӵ⡣
ͻȻˣĬrס
нԨıԴ»ԺԱǿࡣݵıԴԴ绯ΪһƬĻڵķ컯󣡡
е㲻ĬrѲˡǡԴ硣
ʼնԥʲô

£ʹħ񱴶̹˹θߴԵӢİ櫣Դ飬ʵʱؽת
ͨĻԨƬ֪˴˿Դ
˵ˣߵõ˺־ϿɣӹΪ߸ɺλ񣬴˿̱Դ磬Ժ󶼻زˡ
ûԨǿùǵ˵ҵһħ꣬Դֻеˡ߸ɣѡȣǵĹ֮꣬ҪԴˡ
ʼ磬ڿ⼤ŭףӦá˰ɣ
ɳɳ
λڶ׻Թֵ̬ףڱ櫵ĻŪˡ
۾һƬƬҶѰʲô
һҵߣϣ
һƬҶС
ٽɭģڶɽеһǾ߸ɱݸߵ壬һ޴ֲ¡
Ӱʣ类ڱΣǡһơ
ɭĶ򣬷·ڴʲô˴ɭΪߵǿԮӮʤ
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ڵȴʲô
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µԨͨƬҶźߵֹüȵģӦǺݵߡ
ĽڣԶ֪׼ȷλõģλⲻߣܵؽ
̴Ц죬氲ֵɶпܡ
ɱɣԨǵҽĹһɣʹΪ׵ңҲû취ɱġ
Ի
Ǿ޴񣬻ɢ˰Ԩƥ֡
Ϊģڻɱߵжгģˡ
Ѷϵ±ų⡣
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ϣһ񹦷ɭ֣Ҳںߵǰ
Ȼˡ
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޴ڵܣһŵ˾ӣҲõġ
׵ĵԺɱģڵеܣһ˾ӣȫ
ߵȵ
̫ӦûҵģֻҪع飬һ֪ǲͬһӪͻȻƵƵɭڴһ̾кǿ֡
ͬݣͬ壬ӦšΪһɣ
ţɭƺٴγһ
ż
ƺҲһɱģҪ취ͻǳ
ûܽˣҷ򡣡



һǧ˰پʮ ĺ
Ԩ֮ڡ
ԨǾ߳羧񣬶ڲɫ棬΢
ͷСط̴ЦҲȻ뿪
˵ֻʣפأѪŨҲ޷Ԩ֮ûǰͽԨ
ǼۣǴ̬Ҳÿռ
ΪֹԽԨ֮ŵģֻмۺԴ֮񣬱ǿռߡ
ħ񱴶̹˹֮ǰҪԨ춴ڱ;
һشǿվ޵Ѫ£ܱɵţʱӼԶƯƶ
΢Уǧͷʶ͸ţڱȷ˿ϸٱ΢СѪڷš
ȻԨ֮飬ֻԱԴѪشлȡѪС
뵽ĲֱӶᣬֱ壬ҲܶϤаķ
ЧʵĻȻҪͺܶܶ࣬Ҳֻˡ
ҲһԨ֮ڣб̩̹ӡѪУһԵǡ
ǿվ޾߱ʳͬ࣬ҪֱӾȻҲеġ
Ԩ֮Ż飬Դ˷˿а񣬽֡
аһɢڸûҲ޳Ī
ɡ
ҲڵȺıǲ֪ܷϢԺݵ־Ԩиʶ
֪˶á

һ޳ɫٻӰչˣȻ㣬Ϸմ䡣
ɫĻ䣬ƣʺ磬׷׻Ǻӵo
ɫϷһششѪţĵԾڿĴ䡣
·̩̹ǰĶ
Ԩɫ΢
㣬˳㡭Ҳɡ
￰ҪԨ֮ʱӨĳȻͣסһҫչհӴ
ȶԣ壬СĲһᡣ
һŵɫ򣬱ӸʵؽȡϷʵأŽߵԨ˵лģȻûоุ̫׵Σڹؼʱ̵ѡ񣬻ѾͷƼˡ
䣬ɿǿŵϹ֡
ֱԨ֮Ŷȥ
ڹڲһɱԴҲΪʮΪĹؼ
ɱԴ籾ܵҪԽԨ֮ţҪ׹뵽Ԩͷ
Եý̿֡
ƤС
Цһ
ǹɱԴģɫܣȼӿ档
沢ȣճཬ
һ߰ϸϹ⣬һУһڹڵıԴǹɱԴҪԨ֮ʱ֡
ɫ׹֮ƣֹסֶȻɻС
ס۶Цذţ𣿳˺⣬Ͷ·ʱҲ᱾ܵҪԨ
Դ磬ڴõԨ˿вԨء
˵ʲôԨü
˵ںݵص׵ǶԨ
پޱȣһȴŤгɫȻǰˣǣѾ˹һֱĺúõġ
ﻰ⣬ѶϤ־ĲԾ
ⷬͻȻĬ
ܾ֮ٴοڵңǰ㣬ǰұͺԶƻɱˡԭºݲǶԵġ
΢΢ͷ·ԸڴʱֱԨ۾ƾΡ
ʱҪţٵһȰɡ֣Ҫʱ͹̵ģҪ񡣡
ˣżˣԨаˣҲΪ塣

ûٶʲôǹɱıԴ߿շȥ
ת˲ûټ
ԹΪ˵ǸΪҼԨ֮ţΪγȡʱ䣿ԨеȻ

׷ת硣
ߺʹ˷ľϵЩ˾ӣаܵƿأ׵ĵʧȥ
˵Իɱ񣬿Ӱ֮󣬾ͳμ
־͹ֺûܼʱ롣
ʱ뿪ˣ򣬶Ĺǿգλ޷뿪ףͶ޿κˡ
ֻȡ߸ɳȥ׷ɱ
ڡ

εıӨն̨ΪһУ񷣬նڲ˲Ƶĺߡ
߻ҵҡƺٻ£ȴ櫲мҡҡͷ
黨Ϫӣһ峺һǣںߵĲ
Ժео÷ɢͺӦĹ˲˴󲿷֡
ͬһʱ䣬һƥ߸ɵ³档
澹ںȼգԡ֮˾ӳĵĻڡ
ն̨˳һ£ͷŶΪء
һشĻ꣬ƥаȿֺزץ
Ƭ̣Ҳͷųڶɷħɷħȥռ
һЩ֮ǿùȡ
ɾΪһȷ򣬺Ͱ櫶ܽаһĺߣ׶ɱĺĽһɾ䡣
ǿʢҲֹ
ֻ꼻һ֡
ñԹΪڴԨȻе㡭ζ
νĹλ׵ǰһǿĸָʹĹɱ
˹Ҫǲ뿪Ҳˣ
׵ĳŵΪĹʲôֵڴģ
˹֮λ˵ֻҪֻ̤Ҫɱˣ׶һ񣬻һЩĻᣬ͵Ļһᶼû
櫿뷨Ҳܻڣµ
ͬڴ˿̡
ǵԴͨԴ֮ţһεִ
һ֣以ͨ˲֪ԨУ񿴵л档



һǧ˰پʮ Ƚ
Ԩ񣬳һߣⲢĻͨ
ֻҪһλ棬һάȿռ䣬˲ӡ
ڼ۵£ͼЯԨһĻĻռƣһһ֡
壬Ԩˣ
νȾԴԨȻĵߣԴ
Ǽ֪һУȴһͻȻˡ
һʱᣬȫ
ǰǷ˿⣬˵ڴȺģ˴Ӻݶ⣬Ҳǵڡ
ۺͺ߹Ȼйġ
ֻǣȾԴԨ챦ȻĵߣôԨкݵǿߣӦ˳ӵص׵־
һֱ෴·ϽнԶ
ڣǱƫˣڱ̹˹;
Щ㱡
Ȼĵ߸Լ侭û꣬ûоѡ
ĳؼһʩӡڣ׵س
ʱĬrԴͷļԡ̢۷еƺۼ
ӦǾԺʶԼϺߵж
Ҳϣȼļ䣬̫ɣ
ԭ
ŵĹԻҶҵƮҡ
ಣ
ԶǿҰԴ֮ðԨպɣգ۾ı壬аðͷ
ɳɳ
ϵһƬƬҶ۾㣬ĬĬעԨ
Σܺͼ䱻ȫɨӵĸо
Ļ΢С
߲Ԩҫײ㣬ˡ
׵ĵԨһ֪ܣ俴͸ˡ
ԨɫҪع鱾塣
֪ΪΣصʶصŻᰲȫ㡣
ǵġ˹뿴Ļܿļ䡣ײûзϣ̹Ȼ˵ҲŰ櫣˵Щһֱʾɡ
ħУҲܿ̽Ķ
Ļľ֪ԨľҲţݵԴȻǳ⡣
¡
⻰һԨҪʶǵ񣬺Ȼֹסˡ
£еĹֻҪУҶܶϤСǺߣҲΪҲŲܿ͸˼롣˹ʸ뿪ˣ֮Ӵ£Ҳ޷ס
ԣΣ㻹ȳΪɡ
֪ݵ壬ԴͷԨˣλףȻسŵҪԨȥס
һԵİ櫣еΣԨɫԾҲͬȰ˵㲻ħޱһ񣬽Ϊ󣬾㽫ȥˣĨɱˣҲҡĸ
㻹񣬻Сͬı
񣬶޺ӦĻ
ǰ㣬ͨԨ񣬻֪ݵ壬ԴȾԴԨ
һ㣬ֻԨȳΪ񣬽ôϣ׽а塣
һϣû
Ҳߣô׵ġ
Ԩԥ
̫ˣߵķ񣬱Ҳλ׵ӰӣҲ˵Ҫߣ
ڣ֪ݵԴԨΪλҪ

ɭʼһֱͷģһѪɫ˾ӣˮȻļ
ߵ˾ڵĲлʧȥĹǰҴܡ
ͻȻһ˾Ѹٽ֯ٷɿطѣṹϡ
ʱڶ˾ӣֻʣʮ
·ΪµĹ·
ǿյĹĴӿһΪ˾ӣڴ˾ڳʲô
֮
ȡ
ġ֮һףڹĸ
׵֦ҶͻٽЩ˾ӣʮ˾ڣĳ
Ҳڴ˿̣һԨ嵴ֻһˡ
ݵԴ꣬ӦûԨ֮ȫʴһǵ£ѡ㡣Ϣӡǡˣ㴩ɭʱҲûܡ
ǣͨļ䣬ҷԴѪȻҲѡ񡣡
ԴѪ֪Դˣ֪ȻѺ񣬸С
䲻ԭ򣬿ɼȻλԸѺô
ҵĵߣҲһŽȥĽΣԴ꣬ԴѪԵ޹ʵѡ񡣡

ӴĹֳһƬɵڶġ֮һεξӨˮ飬ˮš
ǣһȥ͹ɱ̨
ڱǰҪʶԨ񣬷ĳ߷
ҲɲԼ
ڰ櫣ƥĿ£Ƶط
أأ
֦̾ҶڣΪ԰ڶǿ׻ڻĵظء
ž
İɫĹ·ɵķ羭Ԩڴ
йӴȴֻأתЩľС
һġ֮һεҺԺ󣬸ذϴĻ壬ǻΪܵġѨϡ鲼塣

Ԩı壬ϸֳ֮ɫ
ֱѼϼܵĹС
Դǲ־ףƺԴйһͨȻʹٳ¡
·ǾãȻԴꡢԴѪѡ㣬һ֮ڵıҪ
ԴǸһϯ֮λǿвһţѺһעȥ˵
ҪвԾģնĹ֮λɱǡ
ǣԨԸⲻԸ⣬λسŵףƺԣǿжм
ǧһУϹߡ



һǧ˰پʮ 
ݡ
Դ½ͼ½룬Уһʯµ
˵ܳ棬ڶڵϱĺߣһ󣬺ͨ

طһö׹ͷų̵ı⡣
һϢǧ
ʱԶƮȻüͷ΢壺ʲô
ҵǾ߹֮꣬ӦѾˡ
ɫҰΪߵһ򣬾ͻͱϾϵ
⣬ǲ֪Ĺ壬Щʲôġ
һˣ廹Ӧġ
ںԶЭ£νգźòߣкܴıûüʩչ
ϵǵĹ񣬾ôĪˡ
ϸŪעе񣬾ζ
ıĿǰΪ磬ʵֵһᡣ
ؾɥȡ߸ɲͬģǺݵ壬㱾ûԶȻļ侲
º͵˵ߣֻҪĸڣһû⡣ԺҲҪȥˣǺݵĿ־֮أҲ³Ϊ񣡡
ĬrȻѿٳ֮·ôʧȥĶûؾˡ
С
СǱҲˣȹ˾磬õλϿɣͻΪһնߣ
꣬ʱδ´ࡣ
Զ緢һû٣ûΪǿĵǡ
¶ڴ֮ɫ
úģǨƳȥǺӱؿԭǲ֮١
Ȼȥʾݵ־ʱȻõ˹͡
·ݵ־ҲΪʱѾˡ
ʱ߳ȥǺѿӰˡ
־֧֣˺ԶĪĵʼȫƶ¡
ڲɵľ΢ߣ˵۹УЩԭȲ·ļҲԶˡ
ڶķˣӴļ壬׷׳ǺӹŽЯźʣЩнڱǳǨơ
Ҫ̫ãĴֺ͸棬ͻ鲼Ǻӡ


˹ҪҪ½Դ磿
ߴýİ櫣ԲļײһԨı
һظ֭ˮֲɫɵأԨ˵Ժлҵġ
ĬrԴ类ʹ߸ɺλУһħ걻ȴ˿ĵӡ
£Ų֪ڳֲ
ԨûȥݹĶκܳԵʳûȤ
Ԩעȫ״䣬İ׵귨羭ܲҲڽź֪ʶ
Щ֪ʶȻڵһЩ䡭صģ˵Ͳ˲֡
룬֪Щص֪ʶԴͷ
ߵǱߵļһ֪ģûʲôõĵġĬr߸ɺȣʵǵһԱ˾ˡ
ͻȻܣʺĴǣݳҰĲЦݣҪģֻʣһ˵ˡ
Ҳ
ƺ⣬Ԩ˻ǰȣҲûбҸף㣬ңڣǲһ𡣡
Ԩء
ǣһλ֪࣬ͨԨ壬̹˹Ҳ֪ԨĹϵˡ
Ժ󣬻簢˵
Զ
߸ɴ˽ʱɲġ
ƥڱɫУӣµµתţͻȻԡ
㻹ὲ
һϻ
ߵ㣬վɽ͹ұڣԨ˵뵱꣬߸ɴҪԼĴѰ֮ⲽʱ䡣
˾ڣһεˮҺҲ˽ʱ䡣
߸ɴˣԼȸ֪ƿˣŴͨ׵ļ̨Ժʹ˵оȴ֪λõ׽йͨע⵽ܵõͬ
ԹأŽ֦Ҷ͸һѪɫ˾ڣۼ֮һεξˮҺγΪԨϴӵĹ
ȴˣĽʶ֮·Ҳͬļѡ
ʱһС˵ļ򵥣
ǲʹ졣
֪κһλĹγɣûһɵģû˭һ͵ġ
ڵļλ񣬻ǰĹȫǾصĥѣܶĥѻص׿ɵġ
ĿľǣЩԺǱʣûʸС
ϿɵģҲҪͨԼŬͨ꣬ǧʱĻѰң̿Уĳһ֪ɡ
ֻиоƮ첻֪ͺۼĬ˲Żֹͻơ
ǰĹһжҪԼôԨȻͱˣ
λڹڣڶףڳһԨԸ⻹ǲԸ⣬ƴҪͳļƣƥԹ
ûмҲûһλĹͳġ
صģηףˡ
˵仰㲻Ҫ⡣߸ɣȣλӰ򡣳ĺǿУλʵʲôȻĻλںݵףҲһֱز
ǣҶںڲһλ׶ɱЯǲֻ֮°ᡣ
Ԩ⣬ںݵӰֻǿ
̬ڵĺܸߡ
ûʲôη壬Ϊλ뿪򣬼縺εףһĻڱǺУδؾĶ֡
Ҫǹ˼ɺݵֻλ׶ˣͬףȻǰ㾴η

֪˶ú

ɭڣȻƮݳһƲл꣬ԨͰ櫣λ׶Ծˡ



һǧ˰پʮ ı
׵˵Ϊ˲úѣѷ
ڷ״̬Ͳǿ̤룬ǳԺݵ͡
ʵϣڴŵĺǿԮҲȷʵûԽɭִ
ɭεƿأûƿǰⷢ
ɾڴ˿̣һƲлɭƮ
ǻһλ˵Ĳл꣡
ɭɳԺ󣬺ǺӱȺһجǡ
лСޱȣԵüΪģãƺбһͻɢ
ǿ֮꣬ˣǲȱҲˡ
ֻһеķˡ
ȻԺݵߣǺսԺ󣬲д־Ҳǻ籾Դǰعݵġ
嵮𣬾ûΪлļһ뵽
ΪΪߵһλףǰչ·ʱ򣬾ʹ˺ݡ
ǰĵһ
ǺԶԨѪ֮ǺгɵִҲѳɹĬr
һͨͨȥ꣡
һˡ
߸ɵƥȼűĻͫǸ˵Ĳл꣬˻𣺡ûмĳ
˵ע£Ӱ߲л꣬ܵһ˾Ӷȥ
С꣬ٿһ˾ӣͱ˾ӵ䡢Ĩ沨źˮһʡ
ޱСǣҲһڹķۡ
ʹ˻˾ڵģһ˿΢սֻ¯
ֻأ
뵽һܣɫ΢΢һ䣬ȣ꣬ҪҲ뵽¯ںδ¸֣

λΪͨ죬ʵɲ˲˾ӵĹԳ֣ʵΪʲô
ΪʲôΪʲôҲ֪𰸡
Ի
꣡꣡
·ڶĹ⽻֯ͨӵɭеĽƱ⿪
һеңҵߣԳԹ
̫ˣܸһ𣿡
ĻԨеıͬʱ
Ԩ
ˣ
櫺ƥȻı
ҸӦĶ
ɽһն̨Ԩ磬ӦϪӣ˾ϵ
׼ȷ˵Ǻɱеĳӡ
ƺȻˣһȫİһ塢ǿսװ˺ݵ壬ȺǼѡ
ѡŵأҪսϵˣµ硣
ЩսϣǿפأСķ˽б
Уе˸汾岻̫ãǿյĳ;棬ɲ
Ȼ
ЩС꣬ǿսԺ󣬱ѭźݵ籾Դ۵ݡ
ȻԶǿУһŨϪӣıǵ켣
ǣЩС꣬׷;ת
꣡
ɾ磬ԨеĻ֣÷ǳۡ
֧
ڰ櫿ʱ˺֮
Դͷܲǿգһڸ磬ڱ𴦵֧Ӷѡ
µӡǣ귨ǿĨ
ȡ֮ģԨδΪϢ
Ĵڣ֮·ͣܲ䣡
ӴĹƺʶԴǶԨѺȻЧˡ
ҲͨԨĴڣЩӺ뿪ǨǺӵ壬ԺĲл꣬ѭŵλµ·ۡ
ʲô
ִֻأΨԺΪԴǣӰ󵽺ݣ
ֻǷˣԺأ
ֻߣԺأ
ԭǹؼ
ڹ׻ףȷԥһ
Ȼˣʸȥֻ¯ˡ
ڰ櫣ƥ𾪺ĽĿ£Ԩƾʧ
Ԩ廹ԭء

˷֮أֻ¯ڡ

һѪɫ˾ӣһ޴̶ע룬̶ڵ̶ˮʻ©һ㡣
̶֮ˮһƱһֵطϴӡ
©£ƺ»֮·
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̶ϷСһʯӣϵĻغ
ţһλ׵ĳ֡
һֱڴǼ£ӦѾڷˡ
ӿеֻ¯һ͸Ӱӻ֣һλŮԣȴûоݺ١
ʱֻ¯תԱ仺ƺΪķɡ
ҪΪ񣿡
ڹϷһƬҶվԨ񣬡壬ȻǴԨæµʱ㶼ʲô
֮꣬·˵Ĳͬ㣬Ҳܻͨġ
̶ðǰʱףͨԨ֪ܣѾܡ
ķԸרעֻ¯ʱҹͨ
ԥһ£˵֪ģѲܹͨһ¡ҪİһһΪس֡
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ԺݵҲü֣ԸⳢԡ



һǧ˰پʮ ԶӰ
λף˵ԹԽ
ƺˣλԹֻ̬ͣ¯ŨԨڽż
꣡
Ů̬֣ͨ͸λףһ羫ϸ̵Ĺ磬·ҪԴ˽Ԩ䡣
ûٵĮأԨ
û
Ԩǵԡ֮дˮΣʵʻĹűΪ˵ûͷǰ˭Ҳھҵ
ҲǺֻҪô
Ů̬ףûеľȻԨ˵
һ羫ϸ̵Ĺ磬׼ԨлȡʲôɲǼ䣬һɹ
ಣ
ԶɭģԨһ˼ı壬ǣٻ
ҪֵƺԨı
ҪھģеܣԨļ䣡
̬Ǹףû͸ԨصܣһԨ̫֮꣬׾ʲô
λִֻ¯ͬ飬Ȼͨ¡
˵λͬȨǺⷽء
ģ㲻оʹۡҪģֻ̡ȥԨ֪ݵ壬Ԩ
м۵ǸһȻҷ㽫Ԩ£
ȻҪŪ꾭ʲôҪͨĹȥж㽫ʲôѡ񣬿Ժ᲻ԨΪ顣
ԡ
ŮڽʱЩĿ̵磬Ԩʶ֡
̵һ֣Ԩı类һַ
˲䶯ãն̨񣬺ԸӦʧ
ԨͬʱŭɫȻһ䣬˷׼
ţҾֻǿһ
λţ͸֮Ҳ絽ԨʶСأվǱΪ޴ǰ
Ҳڴ˿̣Ź׵ԨǾ߽ʵõ˸Ļɾ磡
֮࣡
ÿһɾ磬ʵǿеһ֮·ͺӦ
ڵľУ翴Ǻսɱ壬ΪԺԸӦĸ֧֡˾ӻֻ¯㣬Ӹӿ롣
֧ںݵԴͷ
ģЩڶ֮·һλλĹ߳Ժչġ
߸ɿٵģȿٵģҲ֮ǰĹ񿪱ٵġ
ԨڵĻɾγǣǺеģе֮·ƺ
ܾ
ͻȻ䣬һִƵȨ
֪ˣ־ԴǣλףһҸ˾ְ
תֻ¯տתؼģǸŮ̬ĵס
Թֵ̬ģһֱɭάҲѡģǵڶס
ڶλףԴǵĹԶ뿪
ԴͷȻǵһף
һףУΨһġ
Ϊߵ縺չڶ֮·ΣԺβɹˡ
չ֮·ǴѺݵԴ꣬ںΪɵǸס
ڣƿص櫶ȡԺĽѹڿ־֮ص
ߵϢ
ִƵȨƿصƺ˺ݣ
ڶ׾
ҹȥ
Ԩʶ޴껯Ϊɫ緭ӿŵĺ͸޾غϡ
ףɲؿԨ꣬ܵһС
ɡӦáҲ벻ļˡ
ڶף·ڲȻҲʲôƺȡߣŵһ׽ɱ䡣
Ů̬ףԳһ£ĬĬ˳ˡ
Ūп̵Ҳ֮ʧ
ڹҶ£·ڳ˼úԨ˵ߵִƵȫеӡǣۡݵĽƣǵص׵־ô鷢
ܣǺڲ˰ɣ
ۡ

ݣ־֮ء
ֲںݵϪӣӵصۼ־֮أӸ۵һ̶
̶ˮײġ֮Ѳڡ
ʱԴͷ̶ڵ̶ˮڽɺԡ
̶ˮֻѸټţԴͷĴϢ͸ĺ⣬ͷ
ЩɽڣݾƵĶòðͷĹҲ׷˳
ãȻأ걻Ʋڱε죬Ƽѷ콥
ѷĳ֣˵̫Ĺâҫ
꣡
ģĬr߹ϵɽɽĪˡ
飬ǧ٣ޫhȹӵɽҲʼѡ
֮Ǹɽ
֮󣬵һ̫Ĺҫӿڴ˵ⷽݹʥأѡ
־Ĺķĩٰ㰧롣
ʲô
Զ氲Ī״ڴˡ
ΪĬr⣿
氲ɽѣصǻ̶̶ˮһظɺԣԶ䣬ѵҲᷴӳ־֮أ
ݵֻ򣬻᲻ܵӰ죿ĵ
Ĭrһĳ䣬ÿ־֮رԶüģҲͷ󣬡ҾԴͷǺҪݽˡ
˺Ȼʧɫ
Ҷ֪ԴͷǴĳ֮ضҲ֪Ĳ죬֪ͼıʲôȴںһֱ
ΪΣ
Ϊͺֻ֮ϢϢأǺһֲɻȱû֪ʧԺ󽫻ᷢʲôԶûʲôð취
꣬ҲֻĽȡؼûҵİ취ǰҲ
ڣҪ



һǧ˰پʮ һף
Դͷڽݽߡ
갵յĿ־֮أһ̫⴩͸Ʋ㣬ҫⷽʱʼʧ
˷򣬲Ǻݹʥأе
Ƿ׷롣
ĳڴˣͺݻṹܽӵ귨˵ص쳣仯
仯ʲôʲôӰĿǰû֪
߹ɡ
Ϊ죬˵Ĺǣʱ̣Զ´ȵͷˡ
һ߲ϼ⣬ںӵµ
ٴץʱĺߣ֪ǺԶ˼󣬹ԹԵ߲ϼ⻯
˲ƣ
лξΪĺߣڵĿ־֮վѪ֮ûиܵӦ
֪ǰɲġ
ߴңݵԴͷˣԺֻתΣ
Զһڣ氲ǿͷʱӰ

ǲٿߣЩﵽߵĴڣȱʧ񣬾ʶҡ档
ǻ˳ǧϹ֣ݺߵ״ٽϺԶ֪ⷬǸߣҲˡ
ûԴҲޱԴع飬ǲ
ȻݴǺһͬȥ
ôǿĹǱɱģ
ҵͻȻˡ
Ȳ鿴һ¡
ֻǻξĺ塣
ǵڿ־֮صİУʩչһֵһꡱ
ͼ־֮أĬrû˵ĹǱһƲ˿ߴס
ڶ뺫ߵ֣֮Ǻ«㣬Ϊһ󴮡
ڶһ߼ȡŹڵһ߳־֮ء
ܿ죬͵˽ɿݵ̶̶վ
ҰɫĻߣƮ̶͡ߵ´䡣
һֱ䵽̶ס
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櫳еԨߺϵգʾ⡣
Ԩ㶣ۻڶаı飬ԥ󣬾͵á
λ񣬺Ͱ㣬ܿͨԴ֮ðһû׷
Ǿʹݵ˽ȥ



һǧŰ һ׵
Ԩײ·
Ĵ֮أ޾ڰֳһλθߴĺˡ
ѸţӴħӰڱ˴֮أԨһаЦظ·
ɫ̫ںڰҫڶа񺡹Ƕʥ
һȦȦħƣӴȴõħӰͷţ֮֡
ǧаʥ߲ԨжˣЩֲԨ棬аǣʱӦʥĴڡ
һа񣬼æͨ·ĺڰ
ֻһƬӵɫȾ·Ԩ
޾ڰУΣأĴħЦ
̹˹
аܻŭɲͬԨ洫
ʵ壬һСصаǣۼŷʥأһα̹˹Ϯȫ·ĺڰ䡣
߲Ԩڶ½ǿߣܵаǵķŭֵ̿عš
Ǻǣ
ߴ˵ĺЦڴ֮غаʥţŨĺڰЦе˺ѳ˰ɫ⡣
ڰ磬ЦͻȻһЩɫ
ȻһԨͲҪ˳أݹʥԴعȡ̹˹ϷʵĿ⣬ʥλ˵
ȻϡϡΣλ䵽Ρʥ
鲼ʥǵģǿʴһֱˡ
ǧеаλߵ£Էĺͱ̹˹ħɱ
ҲˣʹλҲû취ʥɵʹԴ硣
аʥͻȻܹ˿פԴаҲòֳȥעʥ״
ʥע뵽Դͨ۵ıԴʥӿ
ħ񱴶̹˹֣˼ۺаǵļƻǵŬ֮һ档
̹˹˿̻ԨڶԨܲɷֵʥѶҶҪûˣﻹܹ˵Ԩ



Ĭrȡ߸ɵĹ֮꣬һ뿪Դ֮ţ뵽ǰ塣
ħҲعħһЦɣͷӻĺúõġ
Ҿ֪ͷӵı죬ЩԨаҲûޣ
櫾촽ݳЦݣλ󶨣ƺõҪĴ𰸡
λһĹµأӿԴ֮š
ûôֹۣԴչֵЩûоȫаѹ
ͷӡһԨڣͷû뵽
֪Ԩδı̹˹ȻһԨˣҸǶʥ˹ƣŵаͼ۲òоӦ
ӶϾ˼Դľơ
ܴ뿪ܹô˳ػ򣬱̹˹г˲
ʯ
Ĭrţǿеʧ˴ľӨʯͷʯͷӳԴ֮ó
Һӵģдģαû˺ܶࡣĬrԲ԰׵ڵľɥ
ϨԴ֮ŵ⣬˿ͻȻʧˡ
һƬɫҶԴ֮ŸոڵλãԵúܹ졣
Ԩۿ£ƬҶڣ෢֮¡
۴ţԴտĬr֮ĬrЩԻֵľ̶Ҷҵۼ
Ȼżһ½Դƿ֣֮չɺ
ûصĺۼˡ
ɫҶƮɵǿù˵ڶ׵һ֡
Ԩʱ֪Դ֮ŵγɣ̬Ӧ֪ģһƬҶӣŵĶ
ֻǺĺܶ飬ϣҲܾϸŵؿС
ʯøҡ
ͬԴפǾ֮ԨȻ΢ЦĬr֡
Ĭrû˿ɣ㽫ǿƴСʯ˹ȥ͵ûԴ֮ţѾ뵽ԴЩҲˡ
ǿδء
סʯǣһѪ֮Ԩеն̨ݳ
ڵڶ׵İ£һܰԨʯն̨Ϸն̨ɢݳ߲ʹΡ
ǧ˿Ƶ߲ܣ͸ǿʯʯƬ֮΢ӦһŦ
ԨĹ֮ͨն̨շ
һ̵λУλ׵ע£ˣ¶Ϣȫ޼䡣
ɭ˾ӣֻ¯һ֮··Ӧ
壬ƺͻȻܣܸ컻أֻظ档
ǿССʯڣİ׹ΣѤõӿ
Ĭrһϳ;档
оˣȥ˿ͨʯع飡
ؿǰԨᵽˡԴͷϢ㱼䣬Ϊ־֮صԴͷֺͳһսˡ

λһԨصͨһ֮·Щ˾ӵ
Ĺ֮꣬΢Ϊֻ¯̬ǿʯ
ն̨һʱԴ֮ţԴڽʧ˻
һûֵȻӳԨԺڶáһסȨĬrʧȥ
ԴòˣڵģҶŪ



һǧŰ 
ԴеаʥʣһԴ֮ţҲҡҡ׹
꽵Դаǣʥܱ̹˹ϮȸϻԨԱ̹˹Χɱ
ټԴ磬ֻʣ¼ۿš
ǸԱԴлᦣһԴ֮Уͼڴ˵ӿ
Ԩа櫺λȥˡ
ԨϣԴǵĺۼֲε־ԨԨĹ֮꾫ԨȺĬr
Ԩǰսܵõаʥ֧ԮǹɱԴռϷ硣
ڲˡ
ͻȻѤõλ糱ˮһ
޶ᣬԴ๲֮ͨѱԴ沢˿̾ٴη뿪
֮ʵķλûġֻ¯ɢԨϢ
ϳ˿ɬ
ˡ
Ƭ̺Ȼҡҡͷ̾һǱ̹˹һ㡣ǽԨ㱾úЯ֣Ա̹˹ʩѹġǡ
ԨΣԨ֮ȡѡ
ѡռ֮
ȻˣԴ硭ҲûڵıҪˡ
еǸлᦣһŵԴ֮Ʈҡаʥ͵أͻȫӿڡ
֮УŵʵаʥԴı͵غʵ
ˣҵһɱԴԨǾ壬սᾫ¡ػԨ֮ţܴİ
ŴڻɢԴ磬˳λ
һԴ꣬صԨ
Ȼаʥ롣
ܼĿռ⣬ӵбԴ彦̺Ԩʥ񷶥
ħ񱴶̹˹˺ĺڰУ۵ϯ˷
̹˹εصħӰȱռסһ
ӰѾȡԨ֮ţҲܿ㡣
ħĵЦںڰлصţڴ֮صаѰĴںۼ
ϧһ


ף
סն̨ԨϷʯõġֻ¯üԴ粻ˡ
ʲô
߸ɾţ۾ǿʯȴʲôҲ
ԴŪʥӦкܴĹϵ
İ˵İ櫣۲ת˵ĹʣһֱԨʩͨն̨ǸԨȡ
ǳԨ⣬һԴ仯ߣ˼۵
һħʯҡҷˡ
ħһħӰƺʼħǸ磬ֱ˿ԴʧŹ
һӨָͷһħ˹ħȻɳָͷ
Ԩ˿㽫ǿʯն̨ƿݸĬr
ˣΪһ˴󲿷ʣ±˵ģҲòˡ
ĬrľȻؽӹʯ
ɲǼ䣬ʧļٴӡĹ֮ꡣ
˷ŨܣҲƺƵسָۣơ
Ԩ˵壬æ޲ȱ©Ϊ¼һɣ
Ϊʲôң
ڶ֮鲻ԸػӦ
Ϊ
ԨЦһն̨˳ȥıס
Ȼգʮ˾֮ϣ򣬽ĸ֪չ۲˽ʽ
ҽţҪ߹֮Ūںյࡣ
ۣϸľ磬õ˺֪ʶ
磬һ֮·УЩֻ꣬Ҫ뵽Уļ䱻֪
֮·ǧ֮꣬ǻûִܵ
ɼʹû֮·Ҳǳߣ֮·ǵصļ䣬ܱԨĲ̽
ǵһײӵе
ȣ߸Ĺȥչ֮·
Ҳ޷չ֮·УĽĲ䡣
Ϊǽֻǹ
꣬Ҳʼ뵱Դͷ֮·Ԩû뿪Ĺ֮ͨЩĲд䣬Ѿ֪˺ܶ顣
Զڵݵ飬ǿ㣬ǴлȡǺӹŽĹߡ
˵ĸ۹ͺԶõĻ򲻽õģݴ硣
ڶߵɣڣ̻ͨԺΪɣҲٱԶ
ݵĽڣֵɺͺԶϼӿֻ׽롣
ģƺ̫ʼԼȻع顣
Ǳ鲼ǿյһ֮··֮ġ磬Ԩ֮ŵҲްػͨ
ƺζţȥԺҲܺĹ֮˳
ǣڲú
ಣ
ǿùƽն̨վŰ櫣ɷħɭ֡
ԨıԦն̨ʹ˴뿪
ĬrĹ֮壬ʱ
Թ֮ںԴͷЩ䣬Ѱźͺصࡣ



һǧŰ Ȼ
ڴ
һī֭ţԨֳն̨ƮȻԶȥ
ŷ·ǻۣŵļ죬һǧ
֮أеĹԴɣź뿪˺ܾԺ󣬲Żб𴦵Ĺҫ
ԶԶȥȥĻҰǺӣΪһ硣
̴Ц졣
üһǹ΢Цݣλݵħ͵͵طһֻ۾ڴˣǴЩʲôأ
ڵǱ̹˹Ůħľ뢴ڣ˾ȴȫ¡
Ԩ۾΢У߲ϼۣƿ˻ŵĺڰ
Ǹлᦡ
Ԩ֮ŵλãԨǰ̴ЦܵлᦣȻźڰС
ڣ̴֪߲࣬ЦܹǸлᦣ˵֪۵ļƻ֪ۿͨԴ֮ӣԴ罵ٵ
ʵлᦣӦҪ򣬽۵С
˿̣ħŪźڰԨͰðͷ֮󣬾ѡ뿪ζʲô
зɳģңǺߵĻ
Ԩ˲²⣬°˵ô̴Цлᦣ¾ͻл֣ҪǺ߳ɹȡҡæĻͲ
򣬱ػ뼫̴ۡЦ졢ߵ˵ƿС
ҿˡ
ͻȻ廰䣬ǹ˻Ц

⣬һѰʯ͵رһħи˺ѿ
ħУ˷ǺӵĿռ죬òʯһؼХ

һɸߵľԳѿʯðױչЩʯΪ촷ۡ
ͷбɱľԳɺѪͫֳľ޾
ھ޾ֵǣԳǱѪȵܣſĴڣ𰢵櫵ħ
Ҫ˷ѾˣֲǺߣҲǼۡ
ԶĺڰϣںڳȻ̴Ц죬дΡ
ȻھԳļ䶨ľԳļඡ
ʱЩľԳĻƽһԵظ
ԳƵƵͷֹţƺûоˡ
Ƭ̺һһԳʹӴ˷ʧ

ۣԶЩںݶְѲߣˡ
ҲͷԳԨеûԨ֪࣬վᵽ
ӵľƶˡ
ಣ
ʼûʹն̨ļ˪ƺᵽǿȻϢ
һϮۣȹû˿׺ż࣬籦͸
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ȫµڣѪеһΨԨܿ
ɵλ죬صֲھӨ֫壬ȫļ
װʺұ峺
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ԴѪȻ˵ǹɼױ̹˹Щɵ˪ݱԴ󣬷Ӯǹɼ
ü˪ǿȥļܹвġ
һֱȥĴӪкܶɻھʱˡ
櫺˼һӣ˵ԴѡԨԺ󣬾Ȼܼرģˡ
µ꣬ն̨Ѱ٣Ȼǹȥ
ǿƺֱ˿̣ϿԨ
Ԩ׹Ԩ͵󣬻ѡطԴ罫Ǵء
ǺͼЯ֣Ҫìͷָ
Ҳڴһպܾˡ
ǺӣĹ֮壬Ԩ֮ŵʱ̶ܽĻͨ໥ӳյѶϢ
ǰ£ǿշĴ£кݵܵõϢ
ʮ㡣
ͻȻȣȻ򣬼֮ء
Ȼ򣿡˪΢
ļУȻ򲻴һҲɢǿյҲûˣһս
Ȼ򡣡ꡣ
Ȼ˼򡭡Һӡ󡣡Ԩૡ
ĸߴ߰˵İ櫣һʺ磬¶Ĺԣ㵱ȻӦӡȻ򡭡ɲΪѡı֮أ
Ԩ㶡
һǣĹ֮壬Ȼ򡱵ļ룬һ֮·
ʱѲΪ֪ҲʽȻǺӣҲһ֮·
֮·̫̫ûܽˣѻķϣҲһ
ȻȻţܺԨĹ֮Ӧ
Ӧҵȥķˡ
ԨкʾⰢ櫣и뿪ļ˪һն̨
櫾ȵôô죿
Կɡ
ԨЦͷն̨䶨ͨǾĹ֮壬Ȼ֮·ͨ
ߣ
ӰһŤ߲ϼⱬն̨ʧ

ն̨ѲڣֹһӺӳ೾Ȼʱ֮˵ʱ׷ݡ
ն̨ʧԨ櫺ͼ˪֡
˵ĶԻӳ೾ʱ֮Ӧ翵
ڵĴӪȻȻ򡣡
ӳ೾



һǧŰ 㼣
İǺһǡ
һԾġڵͳĺкХݵһͷͷڡϷгã
ΪӦԶĺ٣ʲôȼǺǨˡ
ΪúĺݣؼֲսЩ춯صҪعݺ͸һս
´ķз½֪
۹ķˣŽػǺӹŽ뿪ո¶ͷ壬ںݿȣ
ǣƽ֮ɵ峤򡣬ѡһ󣬾ͽںݵͳͳˡ
ⲿҪĶࡣ
Щȼﵽ˼ż߱һսҲܰѱӳ೾
ƫƫӳ೾˿̱֮⡣
ಣ
Ļƽǰӳ೾ɫ

ֳ򡣬˶Ļƽ׵Ŵأֱӳ೾
ڴԨ櫣Ǳ˪̴֮Цͻ񣬼ûеȵۺͺߣļƻʩչֻε뿪
ӳ೾˵䣬һֻʶأǿ߲֮ġ
֪ΪΣ򡽲ݣһ漰ԨΪͻڵıԴûԾ
ȸС
оϣ·ǹɳԺݵΪߵıԴӵԼ˼ʶڰԹ۲һһ
ںݣְѲߡ
ԨǷԽӳ೾Ժλթ߲
ɫ컢룬˪Ĭr櫡
ЩʧȥԴԺ󣬴еߵ֣ϱš˼
櫺ͼ˪Ϊ֮
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Ժ̬֮ӳ೾ؿ
ڵģ߲档
ʱȻƺӳ೾ȣһ¶ĺı棬ҵûҶģ
򡵱̬
ӳ೾Щοһߵͷһ˵Ǳߣֻǲҽ롣ûߣû뱾ԴߣƵС
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ϵЩԻؿƺ֪д·
ȫǺͬԴϵ̩̹ǵһִģչޣ
ӳ೾һ˺ģңȻýȥǣ
Դ񣬻ߡ
ͷͻȻܵǻһ˿ʹһв
˪е룬ǡѵû
ӳ೾٣ǻֻ֣֪߲ɫѪ
ſȴǼƬƬۣҲͻȻˡ
ӳ೾һҲܵĵ˺֮ʹ·пķ֣סĲս
ʹ˵
Դߵı룬ֻҪΥֻҪһ㷴ͷѵʱ̣¶õϳ͡
ӳ೾ʹʵ

Ȼ
Ԩ̤ն̨һ֮·ɹڴ˷ƫƧ֡
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ЦţشŽ¡
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һֱڵֻȥݽԴͷطնָָ㣬ƺҪĸС
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Ԩطһ䡣
۵֮·Ԩޱȣڵһ硣
ͷʶͷɿɢȻǺӵ
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Ĵ˵УȻ廹ûںݣûеǰս
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֮·ӣԨ·𿴵ǰս档
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еֵǣʬǣƣ񲢲ԶԷ
壬Ӵ޵Ŀҧ˺Ǳаҧϣצӽץѡ
ʱսʿеȼ͵ĸѪۻҵսա
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ԨȻǰδеأƶǸںܾúܾǰǸƿϵ
ǡǿӿȻ򣬺ǽйпɱ¾
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ΪӼ֪ƺҲǴԨҲߣƺ
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΢Цŵͷ϶Ĵ𸴣˵ĶûսȻһͷͷǿ޵ʬǣǸˡ
ǿߣҲвپѪߣҲ޵ˡ
һνӴⳡҵսʵǲҰߡ
櫱µصʵ



һǧŰ Ӫ
ĵһսǸȫʤ
˵Ұʱ޵ЦݣоɭȻ
ǱѰŮӸߴ͸һɴҰİƣ΢΢ȣһֱڴһս
Ե÷ǳġ
֪Ȼս𣬾Ͱ˾ģһҪǣ浶ǹսһ

ն̨뿪Ʈһ߾ǿߵĿݹǴԨ˵
һλʮսʿǰ׽ޡŵһʮǿߡ
櫶פȻ˵ЩǺͷ
СŮʱͱħ񱴶̹˹ţЩսĿݹǣ̹˹Щ˵ݺͷ
вǿߣǱ̹˹ѣļʵ¡
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һʱ꣬΢âʬͣ£Ƿһλǿս˵Ϊ˵мλǿߣǸĽţˡ
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΢һ³±Ҫҡ
ԨĬ
ⷬ˵꣬Ԩ·Ϊأ˷ԶʱڵĲпս˷ǿɱĻ档
Ϊʲôˣ
˪֮ͨɢűļ˪ʵ
Ϊħ񱴶̹˹جķ󣬴ĳǰѡ
ڼ˪ǰûгƺ̹˹ΪףµصʱħȺλ˾ۿסбǳȻԺ󣬲ǿգֻýǰѡ
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ԨúøȻ
̹˹ˣû׷ȥ𣿡
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磬˼󣬲һһƺҲĥиĹɡ櫲ڣǺݵֻ
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һطҲ˺Ǹ򣬺Ȼļ֮ơ
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ԨϤĽ࣬꿣ȻҲС
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ͻ꿲վţԱ߶òڵ꣬½ر̽ͷ
ն̨˲䣬ͻխİβȹӯӯһյ֫һϸ˫ʣСַüԶԵ˵ǼᶼҺúðݼ
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ڿʱԨͣң̫飬̽Ϊ͸ԴȻ룬Ū½عΪй̫ʼϴݷҵʱҲŪһ
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ݿɬҡҡͷ

֮ԴӻϻأǾ˲Ծǣһϣƺʼɶ
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Ըʵİã·۽ǵȼͻȻõƻԻ͡
ǻҰɫұڲʯͷȻУƺħϢ
Ĺ̼أһ֡

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ħӰû̫ܳãҲ֪ԽûУʧˡ
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ԣɽһ͵͹Ц
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ĽĴ˷ǿձ߽紦춯ص޺һȺеĸɽХǺӡ
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һ磬ߣǿվޣʮѪƺҲиޡ
ĽѴＫޡ

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һעѪâִӡ̫Ԩģݸɫ˼
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ΪĴڣڻĽĵλȵ̩̹ڵı̹˹һļһ
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ΪԨûаǣֻʱڼۣǰٷְٵҳϺͬ
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Ԩһ仰˵סˣʲôȻˣ
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Ŀǰλһֻɽһͷʨӣһ
Ԩû̹Ȼ˵ɫ糣ҵĸоϣλսҲͺࡣɫ컢ͷԳƺҪѷɫһ
ǰԭġ
½Ҫǳ˵ӶӲ
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Щİ櫣仰󣬾Ͳٿˡ
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ӳ೾̵ѣƶѪһ򽲾ǱˣȻǸվսûüʰ
ͨռأ֪Ȼ򡣲ȻĻҪͷԳɱˡ˵úһƨɾȥ
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Ԩ⡣
⣬ʱ֮飬ȥ֮ʱ⵹ǵĶԻ
ӳ೾ûΪ͵Ǹ⣬ܸɴ˵ҵʱһЩݵȫȥ̩ǵĸ߽档
Ȼ󡭡

Ԩӳ೾еıԴͻȻǽ˳Σʹҹĥ
ƴӲǽƵġŪ˻
ǿʹ࣬Ļһ˿
ֱʹ࣬ǵܼޣҲ簢櫣˪㣬ѡ
ǰ˱Դ
ʧԴúͷŰԳˣչ׷ɱ
һͨʱհһѪ䣬ǾҲƽ֮ʯ
ն˻׷ɱӳ೾֪ȻġǺӶɿڡ꣬ǲŸ˹
ڣҲû˱Դˡ
ӳ೾̬



һǧŰһʮһ ͼذ
ӳ೾ȻˣҡͷЦ
ıô꣬ǧϯλձˡ
˵ƭ˵ġ
ûҲá
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Ϊ˵ˣͨԴ֪ܽз
֪ӳ೾ᣬһУΪͷбԴ
ܵˡ
һϵѪգѿЦݣȥ;УûٳԿͷĴڣĵĴݲУʹ
λϢϢصıԴǹɵ־ȫѣʼչһ档
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ΥڳߣȻĳΡ
е㲻̫һ
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ԴѪҲǿվ໥ɱȻѡ̩̹̩̹ɢݵѪؾۡ
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ȻˣǵһʱԼ֪Ԩںݴ壬ΪξͲܷ
ħ׿ѵͲܷ
һ죬ԴѪԴ꣬ԴĴڣҪԼˣѵֻ¾
ƾʲôܿ



һǧŰһʮ ˳Ļƽ
֮λԴһΪ͡
ԨƮȻǰնָ̨ͷƽ΢Ц˵Ҫŵùңԭʼ̬
ʧȥԴԺѪ䵽ż򡣬е㷢ɡ
֪Ԩ«ʲôҩ
ն̨ȻΪɫԨľѪܣ˷Դͷţʯ̨Ϣϡ
ڵѪͻȻһӴսն̨ڱڲص
һ˵ңҸܵˣ
ӳ೾޳ָͷ߬ģûնֻ̨Ƴһն̨ȵ򡣬һжģ
ҪҪػŪ
櫵ϣ֪ʲôʱ飬Ҫ׵㣬˵أûԴڻ׵
ء
ԨҡҡͷͿǻĲλǾѪܣͨն̨ۼҲڻھͰ򡿴һ״
ΪѪͻʮĹϤѪ䣬ֻԴʧӦɰطУ
ǰãԨ֮ŵʱѾػ
붼ٴν̩̹Ѫ򡣬ǻĽѪͳ׵㡣
أط񣿡ӳ೾еͷˣɸߺȣ̫ģ
ʧأѿڶ̫Ԩ
櫣򡣬½ص˶֪Ԩͷӳ೾̫ʱ򣬴Ҷֵĺܵ
֪ͬļ˪Ҳֻ۾ЩŹ֣Ӧ
ˡ
Ȼӳ೾ѿ˵̫ˣĳƺҲȻת䣬ɫη棺ǴӻڻǱߡ
˵ڻĺѩܣޡڵı仯
ܿġ
ԨضĻЦŵ˵ͷ磬̫飬ڻ۾Ŷдħ׿ˣͨǼڻ顣
ʶȤزٶ˵ʲô
̫ƺԺ󶼲á۽ΣҶһֻ
Ԩҡҡ֣ԺҪôƺңҲ˾нʦ֣ǰЩ鲻ᡣǶӳ೾˵
á
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Щأһֹ;Щˡ
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磬չֳһѪȵĲ̻棬ЩǰĴޣǰ类צ˺Ƴž޴ĥ

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㣬ͷ棬óȻҿ·һԨļ򣬵һɡ



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ǼһﲻɵУļѪڡ
Ԩ˵ͷն̨Ѩϣϡϡڣ˼Ԩľ֮Ѫ
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ΪǵѪʳ
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̫ʼµȴ˽ǿߣҲһŭԨ˵ʦ֣һն̨򣬻һȶǺӶɿڡ
ӳ೾ᣬҶˡ


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뵽İ취ĥܲ˵غͬ顣
編ƣѧ



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ܲ⣬ƺ벻Ϊʱյ˷صѶš
βЩսһŸѪ磬и氡

ʼûҪѪ񣬺Ȼ俪ʼ˳룡
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һǧŰٶʮ 
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յϢ֪ҵĿĵأ˴˵صĻ򣬶ԨʱЩơ
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԰뿪ǰûǿеĺ
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УһʲôͬѰ飬ǱŪ
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ն̨ӥ˹ϣ߸Ԩ򦣬һĵľӽ
ÿһֻ󣬾ȻаɸߣһȺɽͺХٽ
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ܿ죬ԨͿûھ֮УЩ󷴶Сһŵ
˹Ҹе߳ܣӥ



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ҲãҲáŵ˹ܿͨˣͷһԹܾʾļһǽ̣ҪԵĶܶ࣬ҪΪʤܣ



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īƺ桱ĸ֣Ѫ֮ӣҲܹԨأ˲Ϣִī
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ɱ˲ԹЩ񹷺ӥ壬ޡ޵ĵͽѪߣɱ棬ⷬɱ¾Ҳڻԭ

īԱߣԨȻŽѵ档
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Ϊǰڿ֮棬һײϣֻҪܸ֪ʻ飬ǺѪԨԴߣȻѡϮɱ
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еģ̺λ֮Ѫ֮پ档
еÿһ̣ͻȻΪѪ󨣬ȡͷǿվѪڵѪҪһѪ롣
ŵ˹λĶ
ռǿվ޵ľѪĦо޵Ѫطͷ̺Ѫڼ
ĽǸܹͨԴĵһͷǿվޣȥ˽˷ԴѪͳĵһס
֮棬ԨѪͳһǣ޻ҲҲȻھѪռ
Ȼʹ˻

һƬƬ׽ۼףīѹ£һѪ֮£ʹı
ָѣ취ֵ棬ͷī
ܵһɣ֮ϲ֪Դںδ統ϵ̩̹㣬԰Ŀͷ
īһֻͫ
翴ϵ⣬ȦȦĸ
ֱΪ֮ĸо漫Ȳ
ٴλ̩̹бħ񱴶̹˹ڰӵĸо
ǱȻǺʹħ񱴶̹˹̩̹ͬȼĿֲڣ
Ľ֮
ѺɵֻгƵѹָУ϶ڵıͱ˿ͷŵЩǿڿ˵
Ѫ֮궯

ۼ׹̻

Ѫһ޽ڵѪڵѪȻ츳
δѵۼ̣ŵβ΢΢ܶˡ
ľ֮ģĹ̬ѪסһԾ֮ĵף⡣
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ûõġ
ŵ˹ҡͷ̶С۾ǳīĴܵġ
һٲѤ磬ֹ
˿̣ͻȻΧ滺ת
ת˺ţҲǴڷѪ֮
ʹеڵѪ֮زһɽʾ
ɿµĽʾҪʬҲ˲Ƥ
Ѫڵļ츳ɽʾĳֱǿֹ
ʱ춯صĲҽС
Դ磬Ѿܹǰеǿڡֻϧǵֲͬͷ̩̹
ŵ˹пʵ
ҲֻһʱưԴ̩̹һԴѪУԴ˵ɱۼڶ޾µλϰܹǵᲢۡ
ԨԲǡ
ϼ
ʹĿҪԣͫѪ׽Ƭѣÿһ붼Ѫ⣬ԨᣬĴһ˿ѰԨĴڡ
ڵġ
Ǹһ
֪ʱ𣬻Ө籦ƽն̨ΪѪɫ
ɫɫǳŨҶ
ʹ࣬īʳѪ⣬ɱʱͨն̨£
ˣ
Ҫ壬ֳǧɷԨֳַĳ⾧ŵһ硣
ٲڲСĳѪȺص磬⾧һɨ˲ʮ
·ֱʵɽɽϡ

ѵڣкСն̨յȫա
һһʧն̨ͷ
ڻش֮ǰǸ⡣
ٴλӶų⾧ǧɸߵķ࣬һοʮ磬СԨŵ˹һЦ
ŵ˹ŵɫ֣ѷӥ˹ī
˵Ѫɫӣҵĵߡǣȴǵ磬ɢӡ
ԨЦݲãܴҵϣܵϢҡ
Ϊˡߣͨ˵Ҹˡ

ն̨ĳ⾧ֺɨ˹ȥʮ类ϡ
ڼƵ΢С㣬ն̨ĳ̨棬类ǿǣѸʧ
ԣˣ
Ǻӣһ˹ãȻؿԨ׽ⷬ⣬λλ͵һλߡ߼縺񣬺ǵԭһİ
Դͷ˹ƺΪߣɢӣѿ
˻Ľ֣ҲǾЩӣƺ඼ˡ
һ͸˵
ն̨ڲͷȬİ˼ᣬɻ񷡣
ӽɫΪѪɫ񷣬ꡣ
ܼı꣬ɫСıʯ
̺Ѫ֮
顰ʯͿҪʱʱȻ׷ƾʧˣ֪ȥ˺δ
ն̨֮䣬ƺ߲ʵŦ
еġʯûǰֱȥ˱𴦡
ףȥʲôط
Сګګ



һǧŰٶʮ ԴѪ
ն̨
ԶﶸȻ
һΪǾԭʼ̬ľ֮ˮ֮ؾ񡢷Χ
ɫ״̬ʱʱأԷһͷ
̬ȴˮ֮ؾסԨӽ
֮ɵ;֮ߵѪ˶̵ľ⻥ͨ
Ǵġ
һҲظӦīڣһɸ߲ε
˷ԴѪһأĸܸ
Ѫ֮ЩһɽŤʱ֪Ȼܲס
ΪΧľ֮Ҳ޼ƿʩ
ȥֱӴݻī
ڵִԨֻһ߱ΪԨҲ޲ߡ
ǰһĻն̨⾧̬ʱ֪´ˡ
Ԩ֮šԨ񣬾Ȼܹͨն̨һ磬Ѫ֮ϵǿѪʹ
㣬ǡ˽ԴѪĴˣ
ǿŵ˹ΡΡأվī·ɫʯ̳
ڷڼ̳Ϸ繱Ʒ֮š
һľɥ̫̾ƫƫѡ
һüᶨɴࡣ
ݣݣ
δԨնϵģһѤ磬ͻȻīء
ĳŴԺĴ롣
ŵ˹Ȼ֪ײˣֻ֪ܼʱֹ
⾧ն̨ɢݳѪͷλ縺ŲɼѪε񣬴ն̨ϸܵ˸߲εܡ
ǵһ
˵ǰСӣһʱ̩̹֮󣬳ΪԴѪһߡ
ӵŴ˽У
Ǹ˿ֲĳ⾧򸻺ԴѪȻͳѪ֮УնͷŵʱҲܵؼȡЯѪ֡
ЯѪ֣кܶڻĽ磬ǵռģ
뵽Ľ֮ϺͲпᣬŵ˹Ѫֵʧᱻǵ½ܳͷ
꣡
һŵ˹֣Ԩ㲻˵ĻٶȣӶն̨ʮ硣
ʱСȫǲͬԴӡ
ⲻ׳棬ңԴѪģ
īӰշʱȡǷ״̬һոհ㣬Ҫɱ飬ȥȡƵʱ򣬶Կռ䷨Ӱֻ
ҲƳ˰Ҳ֪ڵͽī
ΧͷʱԵ࣬Ҳʼûн޵Ŀ״̬ѵһֱܱߵĶ
ԨԳԹǺӶɿڣǹ
ѡ
۲õī·أ̳ڷʱӰշͱˡ
˿̣ն̨ǺӶɿڡ̫ʼ櫡Щǿܸ
һսѸٽûһܹѡ

ԨڻӦһ䣬ͼŵ˹æҵأֽ˩˶Ĵµīܷʽ
磬Ⱥǳڻ̳Ҳ³ȥ
īѹշ֡
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ŵ˹̬ԨЦкһ˿ȣͶŵ˹
ޱȷţŵ˹ռѪֵԴѪž޴ĺô
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˽ԴѪҲǳ
ΪڵѪ֣ڻĽǻȺҲޡ
кܶ౻ūۣ޷Ϊ˺ȺѪҲС
⽫ش˽ԴѪļʶܶϤĽܻʽĽ
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ŵ˹ǾֺҲ
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˱̹˹ϼСոλīѪĻĽ֮
ֲֻεĴڣŻеš
ԨֻӥͽҰɡҲл㣬ѪᣬԸָԤХе汳Ԩ
˹һһ޵ؽȥһ硣
ŵ˹ԨǺһȽ׵Ĵڣ
˹ӱ£īŵ˹Ҳ͵ط뿪ǿкһ£ʧ١
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ǧ֮⣬̻֣ͨǽ̣֮ܺͣš
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ûѵǳҪ޴󣬸ǧǿգҲ˵ۡ
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˵صСС񣬽ֻǿһĻĶӰ
ݣԨ
̽͵أӲأ֡
޴
ܹоõųаԨһǿߵ룬ôĳ͡
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ѯʺ󣬵֪ٽһȺȺŮﲻѣȥ׷ʸϸڡ
ʻģЩŮУһССôŮɫͫȻһ䡣
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֮ȫˮ壬ڷŵ;УʼȡǿܣѹեԺ󣬻Ϊһƺħĵħܡ
߷ŵ˸Ͳ˹һ
һӾ岻˹ͻȻһСɫ֣Ǵ˷粻۵һʱԲдֻӥצػ

ӥצڣȻߵ磬绷ƳҪû
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ħӥצ쵽Ѫ⣬Եһٶӿ޻꣬ӿȼտ
˹ͫӥͷǿ׺ȼɫ档
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櫴󲿷ֽٵħ꣬ͨһħתƵ˹ڣڳֱ룬ǰկܡ
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ᶯīἤеѪȽ޻꣬籣
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ᣬõһΪ櫺ȷر̬Һ㲢ͬҶѪ⣬ûκεĿҪġ
櫵ͫ͸а졣
ӥ˹ͷ­ȫɫħûӥëƤ⣬ûбýڡ
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ˣ˵ͷôͽˣȥͷ񡣡
һۣ֮Ҳˮ֮ؾҪȥǰȻʲô櫣һλһ£һͷû񣬲ʲôط
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仰˵ԥͷҲصֱȥ

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ŵ˹Դ磬ԴЩֵֹļһӰ



һǧŰٶʮ ٻͬ
ڱ߽ľݵʧˡ
ΡʵķǰһͷΪ˵İޣһλɫؼ׵Ŀ󺺡
ڵǰϾ档
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ҪΪ˺ͻĽ֡
˵ˣĽЩһȻսǷȴûнߵȼֻһȺҰδĴˡ
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֨
ضµĵųپƴһζݵıչ
ıվѾȬʧ˱ԴԺطеİɫ컢
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ȻĶʧΪ˰׻ָ
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ңԶǺӱ߽磬밵֪Զս类ĿѲţ֮ǰЩ类һһ֡
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૵ţھ޴˼ڵĹ˸߮Ѫͻ곩ű
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оҲˡ
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˵
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Ļ˵ؾżܲѡ

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ʱŵ˹īͨһŵīкǿԮս
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ԨֶЦˣڳӭ̬
˹ˣ
ŵ˹ԹϵԸߺȣ¶˾⡣
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ԨȤˣ򣬽ʣµͷҲսԹ˹ĺ󳾡
櫼ȻҲˣһģսҲη塣
Ԩ֮šǸڱҪʱʵӦҲܹղսġ
ŵ˹жȻʧˣ
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𣬴ۣرá
ңչΪַ֮ʱ԰ڰ㣬ΪһĺȹŮӣֳֳһ͸Ϣݸӡ
һһŮƷѡ
ŵ˹Ϊ
ԨģӻĽλУһԸ⻯Ϊߡ

Ԩһ
ŮԵԵǸģͺݵȻ߰˷ֵơ
Ļ֮仯ʱĲȻ
ʶ
ֻˣؾԨɫݸ߿̬ĿԨŶ壡
ûǴĻĺݣ磡



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˹ʬƯգնۿݣ͸Ųʡ
һŨɫħ棬ڻӥڷɳƤҵİģû
֣ǽܿڵħȻһŨܱǿܷ׷Ϊ֮ۡ
ʵûиõ壬ֻٽһˡ
ҲΣϾܱûпɹѡء
֣ǽܽһ䣬ͫһɨ·֪ԨĶתȥ
˹Ǿʧȥ޻꣬һƲѹĵ壬ôذڷԭء
Ϊġ
񾳵֣ǽܣֻк֣Ӱ㽥Զȥ׷Ҳ֪䷽
櫡
֣ǽܼס֡

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Ԩֻס˼ˣһ˼ᡣЩǳû̫ߡ
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á
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ŮĻǵĴӪ̫ԶҲӣûǺӶɿڽţɡٱȥڵĳϷ˴ӻǨƣҪ졣
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һ߽˹޻ڣЩĽ֪ʶʹҷһҲڹע
һɫأһУһԨˡ
ףòƣ
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˹һϸķۣԨǻλ˿˿ĺէ֣һâҪԨ鿴

˹ХȻʧˣ磬ȻûеõԴѪľˣ磬Ⱥĸ߼򣡡
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档
һ貵ĽⳤӣԨĻｻɣȻΪһ޵Ա˵ֵ֮˹֡
Ԩֿտգ޵ڣ˹һ



һǧŰʮ ׷
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ŵ˹أٴսʱ櫲ϼħӰŷ·Ǻӵ޵Ϸ
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ڱ˵̬
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һչҪ롣
Ԩն̨˻һֻͼ

櫸Ļ񣬳һ񣬱ܿն̨ĳ䣬нţҷɹȥˡ
ԨȻɫЩ
ôǱҸ壬Ϊҵ壬ˣ櫺һֻҪҵڣңֲ
ಣ


ŵ
ʽ򣬱Ƨ֮أشһ˿ǿܲ档
أǺܣ
ȻҪָΪԭ̬Ҫǳ鱻֪Ҫꡣ
ûй⣬ûûз磬޾׵ء
ź̵ĻɫҰأھ١
ܵѪĴ˥ߣųĽɺԣ֮ΪͰΪӽ
һ˿ҲǰϾˡ
ʱ䲻ˣ򣬲һȥĿܡ
ԴڣɺݵǹɱԴ⡣
˱Դ˲
Ȼ󣬼㱾ԴڣѾͷˣûµͻƣɻǻ
оˣҪˡ
ȲһĵˣȲԨݵģȲǹɵԴĳŵ

Գпǧʱؿڣǹû뿪ıԴҲھ
ȷˣԴԻ뿪½ݵ
µԴͣǿߣµ񣬿Ҳˡ
һҪյˡ
վͽ͡
રળź̵ԳһİĪоһ׷Ϳǲˮһա
ġ
ͻȻ

һڵıŵ֣ڶɵ͸غѪܴų
·ĺ̳ϣ̾һֻѩ׵ߡ
ݣԳࡣ
¹ϵԣ߰ŵͷ£оȻ¶֮ɫǵԸҴġ
һĺӣӰǰĺ̳ɳԳǰͣ¡
ɣĵطлĽ磬ǵͬһࡣ㣬ԴѪ̬ص˵
ҵԳһǸӣ͸ĺֻһѪ
ûһѪûԳκ졣
ֻ
Ҳ񣿡
Գƽһֻİİ˺⣬˷ޣûʮѪߵ
Цһм˵ǵǸ˵ҵڣԴѪǣǵʲôȽףϣһûһѪϵԳ࣡
ʮһ
˵
Ȼһ𣬱ʮһ־ˣɫȻأʮһ磬޵Ѫܴﵽʮһ
磬ҴԴض˵ˣǴӻĽģǻĽ磬Ұʮѳһˡ
Уõ񣬻ᱻ
ɭ۾ǸӣϵԿףϣܹܡ

׷һӵĶ˿̾ͰڷǰֶȻˡ
Ҳڴ˿̡
ǹÿʱÿ̶ܸܵõģָʹıԴٴδ
ɡ
֣ص󣬡ģԲκʮ˶õ

࣬ͻȻƤǧеʹ
죡
ȡ
ԤеĻҲҳɣƿ˺иǡ
һѪâ޷ѪСѪɫǳԳһ£˲뵽ࡣ
䣡
Գֳ壬ɸߵľԳïëŨҵѪһ㷭ӿ
ѪɫǳǵѪԳһ裬ƽеıҺҲ޸ĵ˺ۡ
ӺݵıԴһ²Ϊϵسȥ

ԴʹʧڰĿ£ѭȶ·߹켣ݴȥ
Գδⷽ޻أѪ



һǧŰʮ ƻĽ
ݡ
½岼ĵ죬һִδйĻ
֯ĵ۹ʳǣȥ¥գֵյһ㡣
ĳҰͬտҲ
Դ½ͼ½ֻУЩǿ߳û
ھޡ
ƺߵ˹˺Сߣڷ׷״Ӻ뿪
Ǻӵ񣬺Щھޣ˺ݡ
̫ʼ˵ǸӣĽӽˣݸķˣǰ׽ģõ뿪
ֻʣǿߣȺǸӵĵ׼ӭڵķ
һɱԴĻع顣
氲½أŸͨƵ죬µһɱԴӿɫį˵վˡ
ɱԴУᵽ˻ϢΪͷԳѾˡ
Աߣ̫ԨڵĹˮڵڵĲлڵƶھڵϹ֡
ݵıԴûԣЩعϹ֣һֱڵȺš
Զڴ˵صϹ֣ԭ̫಻ԾԾˡ
ΪݱԴʵ̫ԣˣ
ȫ߱ԪľֻҪԶǾͻֽУһеںϱԴΪϯλ
ԶٳûеͷǾֻĵȴȴ漣ĳ֡
ЩҲ֪ˣԺԶΪ׵˺ˣΪ˻ȡһϯϯλα̬ԸںԶ

ԶӰƾƵϷ֣һ۲Ƭ̺˵ȥʼֽбԴںϣȥλ

ֵ˹
㵽ļˣʱ¶ϲı飬л֮һɳ졣
ǧʱ䣬ͳＯԪĲϣ⼸ھϹ֣ԶǾͲϡ
ľֻһɱԴ
󣬶ںҫĿǿߣڵȵ졣
ûб㵽ģƶˣ۰Ͱ͵ؿźԶ

ǿذ
һĳɹϣ㣬ǣֻ˷ʱˡ
Զһ˵ʱ򣬲ҲԸǻᡣ⼸һóȻȥߣˡ
ǵھڣһɱԴһܳߡ
ЩǺݲߣɹôߣҾɸѡĽ˵ھڣ϶ںϱԴȥ֮̾·ǲ֪˶ˣ
ԶѵЩûеõŵںϱԴߡ
Һܺ棬Ϊʲôúǣ˶뿪ӱ̷ɽƮһڵӰյǰⲻһ
ڣ̻ͨᣬŻڣڵߣӺݳˡ
ͻȻһ죬ԶſƣûвЩھɴޣӺǺӹŽȥ
̴ЦŪԭ
ħ
̴Ц죡
ƶЩﵽھڣһԴߣ΢΢ɫ
û뵽ħ֡
ڱ̷ɽ̻ᣬҩڣݼһεһȦûκټ̻Ṭʯ´ߵ̴Ц죬һ˲͵½ء
컯Ѳá
վҲһԱֻҪ壬ǵһӣĿǰ˷ִԺвƵ졣Զؽһ䡣
ĿǰΪֹҲͼˣܸܵǹ־Ķ
һҲӽˡ
Ȼеںݵ壬ڵصԴںϵԨ֮ôյڽҿԺݵЩ壬˻Σ
˵Ҳлͷߣ
ڵޣ֪֪࣬Ԩ֮жѡ
£˵ȣ뿪½ء̴Ц첻ظˡ
ƶھޣɫƣԥƬ̣ԹԵ뿪ˡ
ܿ죬ֻʣºԶ氲
ͷԳô£
Щߺ̴ЦüͷķԸ£ӳ೾ˡģôˣ
Ҫ֣͹ԨǾûعɡԶΣ̾ͷԳǣϾһࡣ⣬ҪԨǾº󣬲ܹҵ֮
УԶͬΪļλߣ˵ֵ鷢ˣͷԳʧȥ˱ԴԺ󣬲ûõҪ
Ȼ
ǵͨعıԴһЩĶԶԥţ˵ҲѰҴ𰸣Ŀǰ˵
ֻҪǵãǶǺݵ壬硭սȥ
ݿֻܻҪڣҵ֮λҵӰ졣
ҪģǱӰ졣
ˣܸоõҪ˶þͻ

ǿձ߽硣
ߵǳϷһ͵ҵĶԺ󣬻Ϊصʯ
ʮ񣬽ɫ¹ʯ񶼲ȱ
ɫˣնԺ󣬷׳°ڷţ˵ص¡
ͳ
īڴˡ
İ櫣ڸ߿ոżǳûи֪ļ󣬱㵽ǰ
ȻڵĴӪƣҲһͨĽϡ
ֻͫȻתӰӳ޴
ͼӥ˹Ϯɱе񡢰ԳĻ棬ڶȼʱĳĸĤ
ַʽһ߻Ľ޿ӶӦ
ڶ棬פţܹ
Ȼⷽľ飬Ц˵ҵȥΪȻķȻӦþܿ
ĵأڶ޺Ļ棬طš
䷳
ҾͲţһĻЩܹ͵ס
ַʽһ߿ܴڵĻĽƣ⵽Ӷǲǿ߹
Ľ֮ʮһ㡭񲢲¡
һԨûӦѪܺͻָ֪Ķ򣬲ɺ㸸״˿̲Դ磬λĽ֮ͻȻ٣˭ܵס
𣿡һȻ
ûеԨصֵˣԨ֮¡㽫ԴԾ޵Ѫϣһͷ̩̹ǿ̬㣬൱ΪʮһλĽ֮൱
Դ磬ǵ磬ѵɣ
дʵ

ͻȻۻָţżĹӰ֣˸߲ҵ˵ҵһŬ㿴浱зӦˣ
Ԩһƣ㿴һΡӰΡ
ϣǵڶ



һǧŰʮ ڶλ˵
ɽްǻ飬ڼϸ֡
һλĿˡ
񿰱Ԩڴ˷̩̹鶼ҪӴֲ£һ޽ƳɵƤٲĻҰ׳紹䡣
Ŀְɫһ޹ǺӣǶ롣
һɲçҰӵϢɢݿ
ֻһֻĿͳѰӴЩǻȺ̫֮
ӿǺһİѪܡ
һֻ۾ľˣôڰ櫺Ԩǰ

·Ϊʾ𾴣ΪͿԼ櫵ħӻƮԴֱ̬ǰĶĿˡ
Ȼ񣬲λͬ壬ǡ
ǰĶĿˣƺϤ࣬Ľ磬ԭֻޡֻλĽ֮ޣռ˾ԵͳελȺ㡭ӦǱˡ
ħ
Ŀͳ˵ҲǹϵԣֻɫĶĿ򰢵櫵ħ꣬ȻΪĵĺ
ĻţҪγĳֶ
櫵ĻӰǱĶĿסҪħҷȥ
ǣĽе࣬ȻҲͨ
櫲мЦһǽг˴СħŤţմųı䡣
ԶĿ櫵ľˣʼ޷櫵ħӳڶۡ
㡭
ۼͽ޹תԨ
ĿԨǣӰǺͫ֡
Ԩʱһ֣Լ˼άͷʶǣǺͫӰ죬ҪĿ۵ĹС
ȷʵǲ̫һ
ԨȻһЦֽն̨Ө׹һ棬λӴĶĿˣ㿴κζġ
һеͷʶʱꡣ
Ŀ˵ն̨ȻŻ⣬һ߲ʵϼΪһϽ⽣λĽĶĿͫȥ
ߣ
Ŀ˱ۣµǽڰͫ
һϽɫĹ⽣ƤϣĽ졣
ˡ
ٴԺλĿ˷侲࣬ԨͰ櫵ı飬ҲԳһ˿ء
ƺ֪ǰλǴ˽һһľ뢰ġ
Ըȼꡣ
ֳҪ̸ȤҲȰ櫺Ԩ׷ʣ˵ǵһ񣬳˸ռԴѪ⣬Ҫ˽Դ硣īͲд񣬽ǵǱ
磬ǻȱ㹻ʶ̫ǵĹɷʽ
ǰڳԵǺ¡ոյ֪ﵮĺݣһģƴս
ⳡս漰кߣڣС
ǻո˽⵽ԴһԨţҪ˽˽⡣
ǿ׼ˣ´ιʱǵڶҾ
ϣʱѾ׼á
Ŀ˶仰󣬾˻ȥڼʧ
°櫺Ԩ
ĽԸӻѰˡ
櫺ͻֿħӰͻȻԵÿīһǽǣͲûĴɱ¾ī縺ռشϢʹһǿ˺ܶණ
Ľ磬ޣҪһԵӿһͬ顣
Ǿѡݻ
ͷʹѣ̾ǺͺԶֵЩһںݷָһʱٽ鷳ˡ
ԨҲһī˴໥ͨīͷǱţĸȷǺܷˡ
ÿīΪһܴǿյշͷȥ硣
а櫣ӦƿīҲеͷۡ
սһĴλĲī֣һ⡣
Դ磬ˣάˣӳ೾ƺҲһͨռҴﵽʮĴڡ
ûĴڣ˵ԸīˣҶҡ
Ҿʦط񣡡

Ǻĳ
һԶˮӯӯǳϣΪ˵ɫ΢΢ţɳ̲
£һε֮ѪΪһˮ֮ܡ
ǳĺзˮԴһһ뵽ڣΪһˮ֮
ͷԳͬλ½񣬻㹻䡣
ĻԳǰѸٵ
Գüޣ˵ĿǰҪ
ԺԶΪ׵ԨΪڣ˫ҵĳͻò֣ܶͶ㡣
ֻҪڵıԴвȣЩʲô
Ϊ㹻ԶԶҪҲס
ǹҪԶǷǣݲúһսҲһܿȥ͡

īͻȻǰ֡
£̳Ϸһ̾š
ȿԺӻĽԥһ£ҡһ䡣
ΪһλɫȹòŮӣߵؿ
һĶǷǵûںīûں̳
ڿֻʱûеȰΪΣͻȻֱͦ
λУǷǳ񣬾ԵЩнɬ
̬֣֮һòŮӣ۾ֱˣⱲӹž޲һӿ
ͬ壬ͬԴͬΪʮ
ûбǰʺΪİˣҪܺȺǰİѡ
ڽǰûмҲû˵ǿջͬ塣
㡭Ӻζ
ԵñɣһǵŮӣЦҽҼںݡ
ļ粻ںݣһڻĽ硣
ɰöɵŮ
˵ҾĽ磬ʲôط
ǰô˵Цڿһ̣ǰľнһͽӣɵӽԺ󣬹ļңļң
˸ۣû뵽Զȼ˳Ķࡣ
׼һ˵ǣвûгֵƺŲóˡ
ҪҺãҪõңȰݵǹɱԴΣѭѭգ׼ܾԺ˵û˺ݱԴҲطİ취
ǡ
ͫĪһӣһҧģΨһԸ뱾Դ
ֻǣϣѪԺ󣬹ﲻҪң䲻㡣
˼ͷ˵
ӻĽİʱḡʱûлع
ʺѪû˱ԴʱҲˡʮķ⣬Ѫ仯Ҷһһʶˡ
Զյĳ֡



һǧŰʮ ﱸս
ºȻ
ӥ˹񣬷񣬻һͷɽԳʧȥѪʬһƤƯǰ
ڰҪµĿΪ
ʮѪ⡢ıɾֻʣƤ͹ǣ¶Ľ񿴲ƵģǷͣš
ӻѪ⣬ӳ೾򡣬бܺͷС
һն̨ƣӲӵľ޴ʯһ½أ̫ʼŲƹ
ȫµ½ȻԨ
Ĵϣʯ͹Ͱʯ¥۴αȡ
ǾȻ̻ͨĲ֣Ūĺ͵衢ĹԹսʿѡ
̻ĳԱҲתϡĺͿʯϵ͹
ȻΪĹȻԨġ
ר
˿̡
ѪڻΪʮıܣƽڹ롣
ʮıܣǿСһţ絹ѩһ㡣
ǻλвͷԳѪĻۣԨİ£ӿС̬ġ
СꡰͱܵѪ˻֮
ˡ
һԵİ櫣̫ʼӳ೾̫䣬Ų֪ʲôĹϹۣڻĽ磬ֻǿЩ񣬲ʸõ
ʳ˹ͰԳ޻꣬˼µĥ˶ԻĽ˽Ǹˡ
ԨҲҪ̵ͨ˽Ľ硣
̫ʼ°ǿߣ¶֪˶顣
ħתǲ䷳ϲأ˵˺ܶͻĽص飬˴۽硣
ڵȵ졣
ĵϸܺͷ˵еıܣ壬Ϊ̬֮
Ϊһ˶ߣһͷ׳ͺ룬
ǰԨпǧ˵ĴϣҲܰ졣ͬʱЩϼһǣһҶˡսǶϣΪżǵյ
ҵȵˡ
һֱţսһ죬ͻƵʮѪ
Ԩһݡ
ֿ˺һͨɢűϢļ˪Ѿ׼ˣǿԽȥԴѪ½
Ҫհǹɼ
طھļ˪Ҳ˾Ե˵ͷ
Ҫȥһˡ
˪ΪԨĹڣ°˾ԨȻʧȥһϯ֮λҪٴû
ԨЦӦҵ
̫õġ
˪Ŀ⣬ʼͣԨϣԥƬ̵Ӧܸϵϡ
˵ĸϵϣָǲú󣬽ںݱǳս
֮ս
ܿ죬ǹɵص׼úôһһܣȥмĴ½׼ȥԻʱչţǰѪħ

ҵī𣿡
ߺԨӳ೾ѯʡ
ĺƵѪܣԨİһѪطʮʱ֮ҡҡͷ
ֻī֣ȷеλãֱҸע⵽Ҳ
ӳ೾ľ״̬ǲûΪҲīɥ˵ںǱߣӾĺԨһԨڣѾȫʧЧ
Ѱīʱ;ļͨԨת
ȴ֣ԭͺݾĺԨĺԨڣȫˡ
ĺԨ׷ˡ
֮С
̫ʼݴݣһ㲻⣬ݱԶڸˣֻ̤롣ǻȥʱֻƵݵĽڣվƬǵء
һ˵˵飬
˭Ҳ֪ǴƺݵĽڣصǸνԺ󣬽ʲô
һΣں֣֮ǨƵ⣬ⷽļ
һȥվλִ˺պ
ģΪһս
ûЩԨڣϵͺܹȥݽԽԽȡ̫ãľͻˮɺԣǳӳ೾˵ŽɵӰ죬ͣһ£Զƺ㱣ˡ
ںˡ
櫴ʱ廰Ʋ˵ǨƵˣѾǨ뿪ˡʣµЩھޣݱȶ
ܲģԶСķӡ
Ҳۡ
ĽݻԴһ£Ԩ櫹󣬴Ҿ֪ˡ
ˣȻڵ;ߣȥ˻
ڵĴӪһŲƹʯγʱıݣ˷ĸ۷ǿߣ½˹
ħ壬壬壬Ůڵǿģܺսսʿ
ӿޣ⣬ȻҲоż
նɱҪԨ櫡°ǿͬѪսʿ
ڵǺӶɿ⣬ЩȺһǺӶɿڡ
Թʹá
ôϣȽĽ޴ˣܾսȻ򣬲Ҫɢ
ҰҲˣǲ飬ǵ
ͷԳʧȥ˱Դ
櫿ԨһθڣҸеֵǣʧȥ˱ԴĻ񣬾ȻܻšţҲ⣬žͲ˼ˡ
ôʲô֪ԨȻ
ħɢڸܵõǲ֪ϢʲôСֵģҲԪҲġ
ڽһ䣬㿴򡣬ӳ೾ٵҴЩϢֻλĽ֮㣬õߣʮ񣬻
ûʱˣû˱Դܻţֻһֿܡõˡ
㣬Ҳ̫ֻǻĽǱˡ
Ȼûۿȴ³ʵ࣬˵
񣬻Ľ磬⡭ѵʲôӳ೾
Ľ֮ҲԳࡣ
Цţں˵ͷԳһͬһȺȻڲͬ磬ǵѪӦͬͬԴ


Ԩ֮š

ԨѪɫڣһѪ飬Ѫɫеһ֡
Ѫذ£Ľ޺Ⱥܱ䷽ʽΪѪ֮
֮
һΪԭʼ̬ڶ൹ĳʯ
ɫ⾧ѪѪ罻֯ȫѣĿĹâ貶Ŀ
ʮһ
ʯڣԨ૵
ɫı㣬һشʣµѪɫţʱأҪҪֱɱ䡣
Ԩ֮Ƿ顣
ԨܵǹԴѪĴߴ٣ʾʮһȥɱĽ
ͻĽԴѪһҲԻĽѪ˿ѾȺꡣ



һǧŰʮ Ǩ
ӫ硣
Ϊʥ֮صӫ磬ûΪˡ̴Ц졢۵ǳս𣬱ر
죬͸Ǻս;棬ٽǿոϸ
սͣӫһΪ˵ĴѪȼޣ̴Щս̤
𪣬ܽղߣҲ½߳
ӫ磡
򣡡
ԺǣŶİء
ǴӺǨ뿪ӫ㣬Ϊ
ǲ֪ʲô֪ҪѰҵĶǲڴˡ

һֺ׳ɫӫİǺ֣ޱȶĿطŶ
Ƿ
ٵλ˵ƮǺӵƺ֪ǵĵִһǿշ

ѻΪ׵ˣΡΡعӯ
뿪ʱνǾĿףֻ˵ܻڰ
Ǿһ·ˡ
ڣһ·ϵ˳ûʲô۷գʱ䣬ڵ˰
һ̣ؿڵĴʯͷͻȻˡ
ڣڣûе£
컢˻ţ
Сˣ
ż˼սʿ⵽Աߣаɫ컢롣
˶ʱ
ݸϸ;У˵컢ɱԴѾع˺ݣȻΪ컢⡣
ˣԴлعݣ
ͬĻѡͶԶ׷ֵˡ
ˡ
ټһǿʣһλߣδ̫Ҳһ·ϸеˡ
ûϵŷһֵģȻ컢롣
λʮѪ
ֹλС
ӽʱЩոӫͣµǿߣ⵽Ϊ˵ֻܣɫ¹
ʮѪߵϢûпڱʱЩĳԱܸӦġ
£񣡡
ԣֹ߸
⵽һͷޣһֻѻѪΪƵѻѪҲﵽʮĺԺ֡
ǣڷ⣬ֳλѪﵽʮ
ֱδйʢ
ûһʱͬʱ˶
ǱΪǵĵ뿪Ժ컢ıԴع飬Ѿһ겻עҪûȥˡ
ڵĽȫͲô£ûбǿˣ
ǵĵڵİаλʮѪʮżѪ͸ޡ
ʲô
ӺݸϸЩԱһ㱣ΰĲʵС
Ҳڵǡ
پȻƿ˺صĵţǻ谵ĵ߳
󣬸һͷݵǣ񿥷Ƿ
һλ½ʮͨͨ۵ĺƵѪܣѪ
оλʮѪ

ɽ麣ХĻӫЩԱĿкȺܡ
ǵУǿǵ
޿޵ӭǵĶĤݺͻڷǰһ۾
빬ǰܵ˻Ľӽ֪ܵ
ڣѾ첻ͷԳĴںۼ
ֻҪԳܸ֪Ĵڣ˺ȥ⣬Ҳ֪ǻš
ԳͻȻ޼ѰҪôˣҪôȫѪƺ⡣
ܰԳѪߣ뵽ֻһԨһǻĽǸ
ǵõߡ
ȥҲһ顣
ϵڱǵڴ
ǵ˵ͷʹ̤뿪һʧˡ

򣡡
ǻ򰡣
ڿҫǵϷڵĺǰڴ˵̻ͨ꣬ˣ̴ǧǺӶɿڶ
̻ڣڣŻڣаڵҲڴˡ
ݵĴǨƣںԶĴߴ£ˡ
صǺӹŽҪôȥֻħԨҪôȥ򣬶ѡǺӶɿء
Դ
ӡ
˺ߣָԶһشؾУǿ˶ĵɫǳǱ̩ǡ
˶ʱ¶֮ɫ
;УǾ̫̩࣬ǵ˵
˵һŸԶݵǳǵϵ̩̹ΪԼѡϳ
ҲºݼƻҪһ
ڵİţԺߵʸ̩ǽɡ̩㹻ĴǺݵĺö౶ɵԶݡ
ħΪҽܡ
һֱ벻ףΪʲôԶͻȻԸ֣ڵ˳ݣٺ
ӺǨƳģ˵۹ЩˣʱںصǺԺĻǻڻǳ
޲ףΪһЩǳǿսڡ
ЩʺϷ˴ǳŪˣ뿪ݵзˣͻᰲЩǳؼǿŨĵط㲻̩ǣЩǳҲȸ档
Ժ̩ǵɣڻǳϵķ˹ȣѡʹ˲ţȻ̩
ȫͬںݵĲֺ͹졣
Χ̩ǣȺҫĹȣҲ硣
ǳȵ飬ΪѪﵽһΣͿǰ̩ǣǸ۴˷ǿߵػ
ҪԨ
ڵ죬Ԭ溵ǿߣٿһִ￪ҫǣҪ󣬡ǷǵĶǲǸöˣУĬrǱߣǻ



һǧŰʮ ֻ
㣬Ҽ˵λˡ
صشؿ֦ʯϣĻȻ֡
ЦݲãһֿУôѡ
޻𣬼ڵִתϣһЩůɫ
˸ڰ֣ǿմѶ߻ϡ
ҲԶ
뿴ͷԳ᲻ỹڡ
￪ڽҲȶԴºͣ˲ٵĸ顣
֮ȹƻĻˣЦ˵λ˵ˣ㡣
ǰԶָ̬λͬһȺڻĽͳ죬ԵЩΣǲ˵
˹;У˵˹ָܷԨ
ͨѪͨǣѽ˺ܶѶϢ֪˶Էڵ
ðɣ˵Ͳ˵ͷԳˣЦݡ
ºü΢壬ݵͷԳӦǱĽˣ֪ջ졣
ͷȥͻϢȷϴºڣԨûء
һ
ﲻжϳڴͷԳͨĽ͵õ˻Ե

ҵһνӴĽ磬֪ҲԳҾн졣
ƲƲ죬һƺ϶˻ǷС
ͬԳȺλĽ֮õһԴѪ̫׵õϿˡ
ңеķա
ǿǻĽ֮޳һͷԳͬ壬Ȼӵļ򵥡
Ϊ֪㣬ںÿÿͷԳʱԳֵ
ҲȻ֤ʵĸоû
һЩûġ˿Ҳ͸⣬ѵ˵ǸģӦǱֻ˵ˡһЯīīڰС
ķԽţԽƣϵȻѡ
ʵڣΪʲôѡ˵أ
Ƭ̺󣬻˵ɻ
һ·İ򣬴ǳƣǿҲرŨ
ӫ⣬ֻʣʺ޻ǳĶֵһᡣ
ڵİףżΪѡһӪһҲиõѡ
ƫƫѡ˰
Ǹ˵ļ԰ˣŷΪ顣ҾҪļ԰ЩˣмҲزˣ߷ߵ
Ȼ
вȻӵ츳ķ֧֮һһǷȺеġ
ҲǷ֮⣬бܹ漰
ǿվҲУ
ߵ
Ҫ׼׼һ취յһĪ״˳ںǱߣԵ֮ߣλԿż׵Ĳַ򡣡
ͻȻһתû˹ʵԭ򣬡ǹɵ֮ףҪɱҪͨλȴĦһ׵İء
۾һʱ͵Цţ㣬Ͳǹɼ׺󣬻ϳԽ𣿡
ȳʮһҵδؾѹסˡ
⡣
˵
üë¶ɫƺʼռԼ
λͬĻٴν

Ȼ
Ĭrûµģ޲Ǿȱݣǲصġ
רĿУԨӼ˹ڵһˡ
ԨͫѲ⣬ڳ飬ǧٺޫhĹε翴ǻܡ
ָоǰλɵ
Ϊǵ񣬾λԴͷλʱеĻؾʧЧ
ϣ߳˲ֹһ
壬Ȼǻȷʵѹɽ
ϣʦ
ޫhоĹ֮壬ܵԨųǣҪȻĳ
ͨǺӶɿڡȻճʱ͸֮ܵ·
ǧû֮·ǵһ
ԨĴڣƺ޵طŴˡ
죬Ԭ溵ȹǿߣվԨǰҲԼԼܵһԴͷѹơ
·һȥֱԴͷ
ڵڶ׹طܶԴͷأΪһ׵ԨΪʱ
ǰԨԸʱҲ񴦽
ϻĲдϢ
ӻ׷ԨѯĬrˣȻȻظܵˡ
Ȼһ֮·Ҳܵˡ֮ͨ·Ϊǣֱȥ򡣡
ȻܼĬrǡ
ͣһ£ԨٵĻǽΪ񣬲ȻͳǼʵԿһ£ΪǱ߻ĶֻҪаգȥˡ
顢ޫhĹ
죬㲻С
ҡҡͷԨֵһϯλߵĹ·ߡ㲻ؼȻѾӦҲ֪ݵıԴԾɣ
Ȼоˡ
ٽһһԵİ櫣ͻȻ俪ڣ죬΢Цڣа취㲻ԴҲܽΪߡ
̫飬̫ʼǰ㡣



һǧŰʮһ ɷ꾫
ԶڣںܾǰʵˣݱԴɱΪԪ
̫顢̫ʼˡ
֮ħ֮꣬Ҳɹִߡ
ֻǣûкͱԴϵԪʼһƺݵһ
ǲ˵Ҫºݿ𣿡
ʵ
һķ
У˿ֻʣΪ׵ĹһˣԨͰ櫡
̫ʼ̫λԼרأûй
濼һ£Ȼȳȥ
νˣǳģйڵ͡
飬Ԭޫh֮ࡣ
ޫhĿ⣬Ԩʦ
䡰ʦһԨһ
εص˵ͷðɣ¡
ǣʾ£鲻ԸԬ飬ĿԹǧ٣ֻùԹԴӴ˳
Ҫ˵ĻǲҪ͸¶
ؿޫhԨļӣе㲻ġ
ޫhɫȻæͷ̬
ΪҪغݣܶյ׶ҿҲú˵䡣
̬İ櫣ŪһëΣһʯŲ֪һĹϹУû޵޻ɣ
Ԩһ
ϸһ£ʶͨɭĲл꣬ĸ壬壬ޣ壬Ů壬塣
ࡣ
ħ򣬲ֻ¯
ǰҲڴУͨݵԴͷںݽֻѭ
ôһ˵ԨʱӦ޾ȻҲڴС
ħޣǿվޣǺԺɢĴڣл겢ֻء
ֻҪֻҪǿĵطһֻܡ
еĵطǿռıǳ٣еĵطŨ
һԣܽΪŨΪȥħ޽϶࣬ǿ
ϸһ
ݵν壬ޣԺ޻һҲɢ
ΪڱϣǾͺһġ

櫵ڣ˼š
ԨʱĿɫ
ǼУǲԹӥ˹񣬰ԳзĻ֮Ӱ
ҽ̺ŲĻܣ
ЩӻĽǵ޻꣬Ȼ櫸Ū֡
˹ͰԳֱ
ɲԹǱնɱǱϮɱ޻꣬û뵽Ҳõˡ
˵ֻʮǵ޻дֵ
櫿ںǼ޻ţû
ݵıԴ˽ߣҪ㹻ӴĻת
Ƕɷ꾫ǡ
Ԩ㵱һǰ룬ħ񱴶̹˹֤ʵУҵȷİ취
⻰һޫhĿ⿴Ԩ
˵Ȼ֪Ԩݡ
ɷ꾫ҡģӡ󡣡ԨЩʧ񣬼櫿ûµļ˸ӿ֣˵˵
ɷתȻҪ꣬һΪԪħĴħ
ϵĳת䣡
ںǱߣƺҪڱԴԼʹħ񱴶̹˹ɷ꾫
ɷ꾫ԭѼ
̾һΪⶫɣҪǿĲлꡣңԺû̫ͼ䣬㹻һǿꡣ
壬ʮѪսʿԺ꣬һһʱ䱻֮·ӦֱӾȥ򡣡
̫꣬ͼ䣬Ǻܺõѡ񡣡
ԪǿߣսԺһ汾ԴطݡңǺʮǿһ̫䣬Ҫ˾ӣҪݵ֧Ƚϴӡ
㣬Ƕġ
˵ġǡڴ˵ˡ
Ԩ죬ޫh㡣
ǹڵľ뢣ޫhΪǰӿ־֮ء
ɷ꾫õԭϣǲǿ꣬Ѹʧǡǿվ޺ͺݵ񡣡
櫸˴𰸣ٿЦһǿվ̩̹Ժ󣬱ɱĿˡǿվˣǵ޻꣬һɷ꾫ͳһλ
Ϊǿվ޵޻꼫Ϊɹۡ
ݵ࣬λ⣬ҪռܾΪһɷ꾫
սǺӵĺһж٣
̫飬̫ʼڵļˡλĵǵɷ꾫ǽôĻϡ
ԭ֮ѡп
ǰȷˡ
櫳һЦڵľ治һˡĽ֣ӿ֣˸ɷ꾫ԭϡ
Ǻǣ
仰һԨʱ뵽ʱڵ񡢰ԳԲȼյɫħ
ħ𣬾ǰ櫶޻ľ
أ޳޻صļ޻ΪɴģܾΪɷ꾫ԭϡ
Ȼֻʮ꣬ɷ꾫Ȼء
ϵɱ䣬̫ʼ̫һңҲȽʺַʽΪӣַʽߣҪ̶һ·
櫺ǺЦݵȥλҪ̾һֱͨ·Ǻǻ棬
ɷ꾫ΪԪûⷽƣ׹ֻ֮׶Ѫ̵ط㶼ܼû롣
Σ
յ
ðΣʵҪʲô
ɷ꾫ԭϣʮ޻꣬Ҫʮ޻꣬ܰߡ
ԭ϶ڰ櫵УҲǰ첻Ԩĳŵһܹá
ܼ򵥣ΪڵһԱǵһ



һǧŰʮ ָ
ҪǳΪ֮һҲζŹڣڽںϡ
ǳ̲
סˣޫh˸ҲĬ
ʶȤ֪Լû廰ʸ
֮һ
ɫ죬
ĹڣйĬrΪߣӺݶȻһɲ
ǵ˻̩ǣڶһϯ֮ء
ҪڣŻڣ̻ᡢڸΪǿᡣ
ʵҲûôУԨ̬ȣĬrкǷֵࡣ
ǷҪߣΪҲоˣݵıԴ⡣
ڣ櫿ȻΪڵһӣΪһڶʱ
һ־ˡ
Ǻǡ
ЦţسŲ֪ĹϹݵ㻹ʲôģǹڵ壬ֻصУԴͷݵڶԨһˡ
⻰һޫhȻһ
ʦңҵָоѵģޫhȻ
ÿÿԨ;ԨԴͷܵؿ־塣
ݵԴͷ򱻳ΪһףǿΪһɶ־ҵΪ˹񣬺ĬrһġͬǣһλشڣԴͷ뵽ҵ񡣡
ԣǵָоӦû
Ԩ̹ϵؽ͵
꣬ޫhĿ⸴ӣײˡ
Ĭrأʲôȡ
ѵǵˣһֱұһ¡ҵԨЦŻӦ
ͻȻĬ
һ˼Ű櫣ʵܵߵɷ꾫ΪʲôûԨ꣬ҲһܽعԪԺеļ䶼ӿ֣Ǳҽ󣿡
ԨȻ
뵽⣬û뵽
ԨҪɷ꾫ҲҪԴҡҡͷؿԨʾޫh뿪
Լˣǲ㡣
ûིĻᣬԴڰ櫵ħܣΪɫħͲޫhһ˳ȥ
ֻʣ
ʦ֡
櫵ͫųǵĹԣأܾҪˡ
Ԩһ
ܸоõʵ̱Դɷ꾫ҲطԪ㳾ļ䣬һֱѹƵĶҪǰǰ⿪ţһҵķ⿪㲻ҪκҲܾԪ񡣡
ԨǱ߳ٳٲϻݵһսǾҪ쵼
ҵǲеġ
λع⻷еһ¶һ棬ôű̹˹лЩĵġ
һǻĽ֮һδ֪Ԩ
ںݣǹȾԴ꣬ԱԴߵԨô£׶Ū
ȻҲס
̫ʼͺԶԼԽԽˣԴδľϣϣԨܹؼʱ̣һļ䡣
Ȼ̬һعݡ
ͺԶָʤأԽǹɼףһԴ꣬ױʲôӡ
ã֪ˡ

ݡ
ֻвˣɢ
ڵϣ˿ȥ¥յͨ쵺Զ档
û뵽ԴˣЩһߺǧϹ֣
ҡҡͷǰľˣߵǲľʦԺ·ͨ裬Ȼĳˡǹһֱǻˡ
Ƿˣ
ںԶͷĬ£λߣֻ˲һ
ںϱԴ;УĽһ͸
һˡ
վͨ쵺ϵĺԶһ˵Ӧ˼ǧˡΪǸ޵ھڣԱԴߣûôţһȥ죬֪˶ھˡ
пһԶͻСˣ
ˡ
˵ܼݳЦݣСһȣʧ
ϣڵִǰСӳɹΪߡԶȵ
ܹؼһȡ
ǳؼ

֮ϡ
һֱںݣڵػɽĪ״Ȼ
ĵפڴ˵ĸϹֳһ
ΪԶнġ
Īߣڲ뿪ݣ
ڵ໨֮ԣĪ״ǣΪһŶ
ԴǺ̬ʧϿҵˣӦ֪ġ
Ժݵ֮׽ߣٳȫ·Ī״Ӯ˵ľ⡣
ڶĪ״ǿְͬڣ˵ĻҪ˵
ҵ뿪ǵõһλȺߵ⣬ҲҪͬ⡣
仰Ī״ƮȻȥ
û֪Ī״ΪλĪأ̤˵ػɽӺԶĽһ뿪
ԶȥӰ໨֮غݣʵ档

һѲҪȥڣٴԨͨ
õϢ氲һĲ˼飬ҡͷЦԨѾȷܾˣǾغݣ
Ѿͷڻڰ뱾Դ꣬Ĭrӳ೾򡡭
һս޷Ⱑ
氲ΪĪ״һŬ
ںͺݸߵĳͻ



һǧŰʮ 
Ԩ֮š
һڶѤ⾧ɵɽڲɫ棬ųϼ⡣
һؽɫ⾧͸н֯磬͸֮Ѫľ·
ضĵɽԨ֮ϵεεۣҪĤݡ
˷ǻ飬ֻҪִܵ˵أŵ⾧ɽڵѪᱻʱӦ
Ԩ֮
̬ЩӻĽӣ˽Ľ̬ڻĽӿֳĸ顣
һҪ뿪Ԩ֮ţɱĽ飬Ľĳ嶯š
֪ɳ嶯ʵԴѪ

֪˶á

һؽص⾧Ȼ䷢˱仯³Ԩò̬
ͷ·޾ڰԨ
Ѿ̫̫ãûԨаۼˣҲûаȥԳײ
ͨһԨ֮ŻȥļۣҲûֹƺԨؼ
ԨãԨǱߵǻ൱ʶȤν
ڡ
һ޵Ӱӣڲɫĺ¸֣ԭײаǰӴһֱϵƮţԨһԹĸо
ԨɾأǲƮƶڶʲôӰӡ
أǵӰӴԭҪ򣬵˼ƫƧĽ䡣
һ΢ʼƶԽƶԽƫӰд
Ԩ֮ţܵԨ֮ŷĸûܹ͸

һֱӰӵԨڲɫϷѪӦ
Ѫ͸Ԩ֮ţȥӴǹ˭
ң̹˹Ԩ֮ȲҪ򿪣һҪԨЩ飬ٵһȡ
ǵʧ
̩̹ǿʱڲãڶǿվѪԨ֮ţĥʹ޷ʱ䱣
ԨյȷеѶϢ
Ƭ̺һ𿰱ǿվ޵ӴӰԨ֮·ӿ˷׷ţǵʹ˱̹˹Ӱ
̹˹
Ԩû͸ɸоӦԨаǣ˱̹˹ټ
ǣڶаһ׷ɱ̹˹
Ԩаƺʼս䱸Ԩ֮ţ̹˹֡
Ӧûʲô󰭣櫶ˡ㡭Ҳ˵ȲҪſ
Ԩ˼
֮ǰݵһˣҲ˵ϣԨ֮һӣȥĴ˽ּϳԨı̹˹
ܾû¶Ӱı̹˹ʹһѶϢҲҪԨ֮š
ΪΣ
Ԩ֮һ飬ħ񱴶̹˹Ԩûħ
Ϊħı̹˹ֻħ꽵٣ħĿǰԴ硣
ħ꣬ħֻк϶Ϊһˣλħǿ
ƫҪԨٳٲϻԴ磬ԼԨ֮ţԨаΪʲô
Ǳ㣬ٶػһӡ
벻׵Ԩҡҡͷػһӡ

ֹһʱ䡣
ಣ
һīһȻѵĿռ϶ɳͣԨͷա
ڵ£̳ϷվΪ˵ʮǿߡ
񣬺һɫȹŮӡĽ
ú̹ܵĻһֲ£ں̳ϣӵؿԨߵûܶĳŵ
ͷڻԳ첲ϵëǻҰɫ
ãһֳɫȻһֻ磬ĸо
Ȼ
һ̣Ԩ֪õҲΪ伫޵ǡ
ôҵˣ
ԨʱĿ紩͸һڱΣԳؿڣġ
ԳУһСС磬Ȼǡ
ԳĵС磬ȴԨģӳ೾򡡢ڵĲһԳĵڻĽ֮
ԴѪѡĴˣ߱ΪѪ鸳
ʽһޡ
ѵ𣿵ʱڻǣҲ㽫뿪ġڻĳڣֲҽȥԳһں̣ţݺݵ˵뿪ǰҶ㣬ûɣ
ԨĬһ£̾ûǡ
ǺͺԶʱҵǷ󣬱ӻǶǿߣĳѨڴǺͨô˳
أҵĳŵֹ
ȥø㶼û
Գˡ
ȴڲɫεţԵ°Ȼ
ûи㹻ʱ䡣
ԨЦһε˵ҵʱ뿪ΪԺݵıԴҲ㡣ʱңû͸ϣܵһȡɽȴͺԶһ𡣡
ͷԳȷʵЩΣԳʦʱؽһ
ʱ״̬ͲԾˡҪûĻʱ㣬ѱǹɱԴȾǡ򡡢ӳ೾֣һٶǱȾԽԽˡ
㣬ȻӲӦȥֻٵȵȡ
Ԩ˵ԼĿԡ
ٵȵȣҺһôȵ𣿣
ԳЦܸоõԶϵıԴ뿪ҶˣûǹɱԴͳһѿݹǣǻҽ

ںԶ˹ԹķԸ£ʲô취
ŭ⡣
ˣҲûʲô˵ˣ˹ʲôԨѯʡ
Ԩ֮ţһشѪƣǿվޡһֱţȴʼûѡûɡ
Գī䣬ĿԨƿ
˲ɫ档
Ԩ뿪˵أԨ֮ҡ֮ǰҵгŵҾ͵ȫˡ



һǧŰʮ ôҪ
ɣ
ͷԳҪ䵽Ԩ֮ʱԨȻ
㲻ĻͲҪѪ֮ţ
Ԩֵ񼴽µĺ棬ЩھӿŵģһشصѪɫͣȥ
ţûô򵥡Ȼ֪ԨڶаΪλҪûȤ
ԳԨ֮ų龡Ѫܡ
λԨ֮ţȥġ
֪Ԩ֮ԨҲȷκԴѪ飬⣬ֻҪԨ֮ţᱻ龡Ѫ⾫ܡ
С̩̹⡣
ԳĻǸ֪ͷԳͶĽ磬ǳѣҪ˵ˣ棬Ҳѡ
ûԨ仰ϾͻµԳȻڿʱͣסˡ
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Գ¶֮ɫ
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ԳУͨĽ֮һ̣ʹ˷ˣҲվ˶档
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ȻЩӣԴѪֱӻȡԭҺ



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˶ܿԨǣ˲ʧˡ
һȥԨͷأʾԶ룬ûԶðͷֳʲô
ɫд
䣡
䣬ǰ֮·һ԰ѪĽ磬֮˲̾͡
ֹ
ɫơ
飬˹С
ԨɫȻһ߾ƯյʬͻȻû²ĻΪǶİɣôģǲ̫ȴؼǵãΪʲôҪɱ㡣
˹У޵޻꣬ܶ
ⲢûдҲûй㡣
㡭
ԨĽ򣬿Ƭޣ㲻óţȥӴĽ޵ڣ֪࣬ǵĸԴڴ˽磬һֱͼϵˡ




һǧŰʮ 
Ľ磬
һԨ˵ĸ֣ڳսʿ˹˵Ŀ⣬ʱΪ֮һ䡣
ûܷܽ˹к񹴽ᣡ
ҾӿڴˣΪ˷ĽЩΪ˲ʴ
ĲҰЩҪôۿҪôҲ˵ˣӿ룬һѣ
ңĿǰҴ񣬻ڴ˷磡
ԣԨһ˵˹пܺ񹴽ᣬЩͬǣҪսʿҲɫˡ
ʲô֤ݣ
С˹УɫأӴ߳Ԩȵ³Ǵ㰴һôΧɱǣ
㻹ž֤ݡ
Ԩŷ˹еǻ絶أҪԽǼɵĻۿ̫࣬ˣȹ϶ˣӦˡڻţܳҵǰõ֤ݣ
أ
Ŀ޺ǼڼХŶγһҸ֪
ƫƫЩ궼Դޣķ룬Ϊһ׵Ԩܱܿȥֱӷ˹еǻ
˹ȻһЦԭ㻹
λһȻ֪Ԩ꣬ûнΪԪ񣬲ǵǸնߡ
ûһȥûô¡
⻰һ˻ûףɵѿչõԨȻûܽԪ
Ԩһڣ˵ġйأ˵˷˹кͻĽ飬֤ԨıչҲ׿гЧ
Ѿһؼˡ

˼½أʶĽñһ̫ţûյķɣ裬û˵Ѱɣ׷ɱ㣬Щ겻¶ģǺݵǸ
Ѫɫ磬ճտԨĺ˵ͷ
ǡ㲻Թ
˼˵˾乫
ҴûԹǱɱˣҲԹġ
ȵصкȻһɣԨ˵㲻ҪϣָܻഺġģҪ˶ãҾͻǰһǺŮˣ
˵λ㣬ǰԨߡ
Ԩüͷ塣
УоһɲѰ·ѿһһ߲ʳ
˲ϣȴûȥƺǹá
Ĺ״ҲһҲǹɹڡ
治֪ô˵㡣
˼̾һһͳԣˣоɣΣ
ŤͷȥԨԨûҡҡͷһȰɡ
ˣҺ̸̸˼֣Ҫȥץ뽫ߣ˵ȴҵĵط뿪Ƭˡ
㣬ʵ˹ҲΪ˰㡣
̬ӵ͸Ȼ˵Ҳ֡
һ̣˹кͻĹͬʱ߷ֻϣĿ¶ڴ֮ɫ
˼Ҫȥǣ֣ߡ

һѤõϽնצֻ֣նϺڵϡ
ʱŶȻӦûѪİظ첲е˭˭ɵģ
Ȼʹļк˻ֻΪҪóѵ飬˸ֹˡ
ҡ
ԨﻯΪ̵ն̨
羫ްĿ˼ͷſצ̶ֻ֣ļٿһԨ
ܣ
һƹ֣ڿ˼跨ʱγɣǾ߽Сλס
˰벽Ȼеķ͸֣Ūصֻ֡
ǽı֣˿̵ĶǿĿԾݡ
˼İ״ɰСֳһ˿˿ŭ⡣
ȫ쵽˲Ծ
峤
ԨԽȻֱóͷ˵װˣ飬ӦԶܳɹˡ
Ϊʲô
˼ͻȻ̧ͷ
ǲֵ֮ķȣ͡ţڶδ֪ĶأȵĹ
˼ܸоЩصľãʳѪܰᣬȾѪ
ϵֻ֣޴㻹ǿأƶҪ롰ܡȴĿҫݡ
һĻ˲ҲͻȻ侪ѡ
ûԨն̨նֻ֣Ϳ˼գᷢʲô
ֻ֣ܶԿ˼Щʲô
Ϊʲô
˼Ľã˼꣬ͻȻðͷΪʲôҪ˶ң
һ⣬롭ʵ˵

˼纮˪
ԣ
λǿŮӣ͸棬ǶϤϣҲܹþԶһˡ
һߡ
Ҫ𣿡
˹УŮأٱǼλŮˣһǵ׷ٱҿָǣѰ֮·
ĹһԲһʯš
ˣ
ԨĪһĻŪеɣͷôã
÷Ȼɱǣ»ڡ
Ԩָʾ˵ѾӴĽˣһõһЩ
ͣһ¡
˼ǰոָ֣ܻഺ㣬ǱסڵòˡԨٵ
˼͵һء



һǧŰʮ 
۵Ŀ˼ʯֳ⡣
Ϊάϵڵò󸶳ļǳ޷ģҪǺո־ʧȥഺҲᷢ衣
Ҫҡ
һѤɵ׹ڿ˼֣ڳڶǿһ
֪λ峤ǱŭҪչǿưԵһˡ

˼ŹȨա
ԭ谵ǿֹһҵķԴ̫ҫ·е˺
ԨĿɫ
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ڵĸ߶ȣʵ̫ˣ˵˼¡
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һ½ϣڶǿ߿ȣֱŹԴ
Ϊÿֻǿôۡ
ŭĿ˼ڰУԹȨָ߱˵ʥ⾻
չ׹ڣͻȻʥϢǿ⣬ڶྦྷӨϸͷ
һ׵³֣ͻȻ
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ѭѭյҪ˵ЩŮ顢ķ˹УûüʧһƬƬ֮С
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˼۵ĹԴһգһԴϾĹ֮ڰûٴȶǱžֹ״̬
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Ԩͷҽеûһϧ֮顣
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ԨţֻܵİأȻԨ֮һơ
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ңһЩܡ
ЧҲ翨˼ǿߣѸٱòϣܵţ
ȴܻһЩ䣬㹻࣬ƺܷϻͯ
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Ľ֮ͷԳġϡܹԳ
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ԨҡͷʥҫµڽƺܲסҪѵꡣ
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ǹؼ
峤Ҫƺֻ˲ܼʲô
ڲԶСУλһ֮Ůȷ˲Ѱ



һǧŰʮһ 
壡
ݵĲһȺֱʹధķ˹жȥ½ؼոߺˣٱǰϽԶǸ˹У
ٱеĪ
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һȪ³Щ塢ľżսʿȥҪȥ׷򣬳Ҿˡ
һӰƣڷŵĲƾճ֡
һ塱Ĳ򣬸˹жȥΪ֪Ⱥ꣬һ
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峤
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˹оȻûѪ⣡
ǾߺಿλһֻڵɽһɭĿ⣬͸رڴļݹǣǰЩŮ顣
ٱ󣬼żѪŮ˴ƶĤļХ
ٱ⣬ЩŮ߿ѪͷŹء
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Ľֻɽ򣡡
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㵱Ȼ
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ɽԴǶ˼ֹ޻ڷ˹еǻžӨ㣬̫Сˣز֮˼ˣͷ˹к͹ﲻܻͬ
ݵͷԳһ

תһѪĺӣӹзɳڿ˼ǰͣ¡
ԿףǵûҪ󣬽ֻϣõꡣɽ΢Ц
峤ҪЩа࣡򾪽е
ͻȻ䷢֣η峤ֳԥ
˼ǸӣûùȨȵָֻ֣սɿҪ
ֻԴ磬̫ľԥ
ңԿףûκεı׶ˡ㲻ŵĻ
ɽڷ˹еǻĿԨϣ˵һԨˣȻǴ˽ԴѪˣӦ׺ʲô
˼ʶؿԨ
ԨƬ̣̹ϵصͷ˵ӦǺҰӳ೾һ¡ȷû˵ѣӣǵѪںϣʻ
ңĿǰ״ĻȷʵҲûʲôá
˼ʯһ͸ļ²ĹâǵܿҪЩʲô
ʲôļֵǵҪ飬µļֵҪߡ
ɽ·΢Ц
Ŷбص˼˺ġ
ɽصͷǼԱ˵һĲֵȴѰһӵĶ
˼С͵һ
ԥأһѽסɴۿֻɽ

Ϊһ⣬ͻȻ˿ռ䣬ڷ˹еǰ֡
ոջʹްķ˹УѲټˣϻһЦݣƺ֪ˡ
峤
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ûǵ£
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еĹȨһӣŮʱأ㱻и롣
ٱЩŮ顢飬˲µ½طֿ
Ҳûǵˡ
˼˻ֿ
Ů峤ٱЩľżѪսʿغǿ½Զ롣
ʱ򣬺ƺѾԵò̫Ҫˡ
ƹͷ˹еĹҲ򿨶˼Ŀˡʧλǿָɡ
ֻкһãȻ
ԨɫͻȻ˲õԤУµֻĽĺɽ򣬴˿Ҫʲô˵˼ϣܴ
㡭
˼һץŹȨȵС֣Խز˲㣬㶼֪ʲôѰһӵĶѵ֪ʲô𣿡
Ȼ֪ġ
ɽԵУͻȻηڳˣ΢Ц˼ˣѰһӣ˼ҲûҵĶڲ磬Ҳ
ƹеľ棬ٹ꣬һ꣬㼴õǲҵġɽЦĺܵ⣬ΪһֱǻĽ磡
֮Դ飬ȻȻǵ磿
˼С¶δйļ罿
û
ɽЦĺܿģڻĽûĴڣܵõ߶û˹ûżȥռϢȻ֪Ĵڡ
ҲǸˡ
˼ˣҪɱǸ̴ЦˣͱõϿɡ
ȻϣܹǵһԴ˳Ϊʮһ
úÿһ¡



һǧŰʮ ħջ
֮Դ飡
˼籦ʯ㾧Ө𲻶˿覴õľС͸ԥãеš
һѹֳƵ·ƸڰգӰڳĸǿߡ
Ϊ峤ǽڱ̹˹ǿ˵ľ䡣
û˸Ҫ˹а㣬Ҳ£ɶôضµĺ
ԴĴھûȴע⵽˼֪֮Դ顱ڻĽʱȻõǸӣȵõԿ׶Ҫ
˵֮Դ顱Կ˼ȻǷ
˹кͻĹʹؼУǿ˼Ŀ˼ԻĽ̬ȣƺĵת䡣
ڴħ񱴶̹˹뿪ԺǺӵǿߣ·ԶСŮ㣬˾ηող¶һѡ
ҪĽ˵ͶԴ˷绢׽פڴӪĸǿߵĴ޷ġ
֮ԴʮһֵضԴ
ֻɽħ㣬ſ˼ЦֻǻĽܸЩҲֻͨˣ׷Ѱϣ
Ԩ
˼ͣڰգѵؽĿ⣬ӷ˹ؿڵֻɽŲƵһ˵Ԩϡ
˿̣Ԩնֻ̨֣Ȼλ
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˼ȻԨûκεԥԿףܹʬΪֻͣҪЩʱ䡣
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·Ե磬һ˲ЩʮѪսʿŰ塢ٱأĽȥ
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˶ӵһ֣ͬȼʮѪǿߵԷѪӶᲿԪӯԼ
ֹѪܻʲôΣԨ֪ԴʮѪսʿõԺһ̰ԪͿǵ顣
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ԨĻһУ̽Ϳ˼Уսʿڡ
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㿴̬Ѿһߣһ󱲣Ϊ˰ɣ
Ԩġ
ɫ԰ף·ͻȻʲôؿſ˼
ǰһѪƹشˣûػȥˡ



һǧŰʮ Ī
Ⱥ˸ķۣѪһƣӰơ
ԻͣҪλ֮Ůͻػ򣬰廹ڰжòûнΪʮѪǰҪعκ
ΪҲ׼˼ڵ뷨ˡ
ĸо˼ӳ೾Ժ󣬾Ȼű仯ÿÿ񣬶һ
֪Ԩſڿӡ
ϣõĿ˼ȷʵȫµ̬ȣȥλ㣬Ӧ÷δͲĹϵ
ڣ˼ѾõʢԿ׵ĺӣֻɽĿУ֪֮Դ顱ڻĽ硣
岻ҶģֻϣԶڻ򣬲Ҫٳڿ˼Ұ
֮󣬿ɶԲ˵ֻлͺݲǰȫġ
塣
˼ͻȻڡ
򡢳ȪˣвЩˣ͵һ
Ԩɫڿ˼ϣȫԸ׼
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Ųǿ½ҪվڡǺӶɿڡİ壬ԽӲ
ϣ㡭ء
屳˳ȡ
ҳϣұҪֱҵġԨ˵ЩڵȷԺӿ֣ҲĨ˼Цҡҡͷ
֮Դ飬Կܵջ󰡣Կף
ֻɽ˽սһһͻȻҺŵЦݣ
ɽеЦһ
һֲĸо

ĹʶӦһ䣬λʮѪսʿڱĿĹ
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ĸɾףû£·δֹһ㡣
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ᵽϢ
Ϊʲô
׷ǻλֻɽ򣬻ӰҲͻȻö·ڱҫţѩһš
̫ܹ⡣
Һܾ㣬ΪһԸŵԵġ
С۾ſ˼еĺӣǵӦŵǰġ
ҸıˡҲĶȥѰҵ֮·
˼˵ÿһ仰·𶼱ɱԷ˹Ҫѡ
Դ˿̵˵ѵԶɱˣǾ
Ԩܸ֮Դ飡Ӵ֮Դ飬ӵеνҲսڰû̴ЦǸˣһҵ㣬ɱ㣡
֮䣬밵
ɽʧС
Ժ飬˭˵׼أͻȻãܾ֮ѪܾĹƻҸеƽͰꡣ
㣬ǵǸҹĿ࿴
ȷʵҰޣž˵ǻۣҲܽթաϣڲúܹǵԴ磬Իһ㡣
˼ĹȨȣŷ˹һ㡣
ʥԺ⣬λʮûĿݹ֮ͺɽһ꣬׵ľ
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λͻȻʮսʿֻɽ޻ڣΪ˵˼
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˼ͷûк˶ӣп˵ңҲһͱ˵ˡ֮Դ飬ĺѾܾ
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ѾվڡǺӶɿڡʱż½أؿ
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ӽ峤֮λҽ򡣵ȲѪʮܹܳȨȵһὫȨҲ
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һˣǰ׽ʹڷڲͷ
ȪĿԾ⡣
ⲻǶԲ򣬶ǶԿ˼µ˵нʢĴڡ
ԺĴ˾峤Ǻúø
仰󣬿˼ΪһĿĹ⣬ͻȻȻȥƺ㳤ĽĴӪ
Ԩһ£ֳն̨Ҳ˹ȥ

Ƭ̺һɫľ޴ʯϡ
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˼ץеģǸðźĺӣͷһصѪصܸоһѪǸĽ֮
ͻȻ̧ͷֱԨ۾ܸңѪԺ󣬽ǸĽ֮ʲôϸ𣿡
ӳ೾򡣬кѩԨˡ
ԨĸܣпܱǻĽ֮ЩѪߵĸܡ
ǵ磬ȥݰ򣬲Ȼܸ֪ǵһһ
Ԩ˼ţڸӳ೾˵ĴڣһܴҵǰЩ顣ٽһΪʮһˣһӰǵΪ
ڱʱܲ
Ԩʵʵ˵
ˡ
˼ǸӣʹݸԨΣ㶼ɾҪڱС



һǧŰʮ ң
Ӵֱĳּ񣬱ƺͲ֪ķš
͸ĺڲڷһѪ걦ѪκܿɻĽ֮ѪȻҺ壬ǹĽᾧ
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Һľ
ִںиϣȴûżƿԨϵſ˼˵
ж峤֮λӵݹԺԵĿ˼ĽëȶţҪȥĦѪİأΪ׵
ԨЦͷ
Ľ֮Ϊ֪ʮһڣģһڿ˼ᡰѪȻͬСɡ
û򿪺иǣԨǴŽŪԨ֮ţ뷨
Ժ󡭡
˼һϾС¶ϣ֮ɫԺԿףܹл𣿡
Ԩشֵ㿴װŻĽ֮ѪĺӣҶˣֵܹġ
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ͻȻһԸ⣿
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Ŷˡ˼ͻȻʲôӪڣĵ˵ԴˡܹȥĽ𣿡
Ź֮Դ飿ԨЦ
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˼Ʋ죬õԴѪѾҵ˽ʮһ·ô꣬Ѱҹ֮Դ飬һô׷
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ȵȥĽʱǿͨҴ񣬱ʹ֮ԴӰ
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ףǾԴĵ̺δûɱĽĿܡ
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ΪǶҲҪ׽
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Ī״վһȼŵĴأûнڻƣ¯硣
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ͷԵļһͽҰɣ

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á
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ԴͷҼ䣬һƿصķ򣬸֪һ֮·ۼ
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Ȼط̽Ѱ
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ȥ꣬Ȼǽߣ͵֮ϵĪ״



һǧŰʮ ۻ
Ī״꣬һƧ֮·ѭض켣
ûʲôĻλԵ֮׽õߣһʱͨɭЩ˾ӡ
֮·еĪ״л飬ʶģ
ΪлֲĵĲл꣬ûʣԡ
ֻеִ򣬽˾ӣмСĸʻָǣ¡
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ûĻĪ״ֻ꣬ΪһŨģĻ뵽ֻ¯
Ѷϵǰѹ
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ԶԨһ䡣
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Ī״ǱӺ˺Զķһ磬ֻˡ
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Ԩط֣Ī״ԺƺıԴܻûܽݡ
αִţ
Ԩп˼ţͨʲô취Ī״ԣúùͨһ

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ΪħǱġѪ̳Ϸشȵ
һɷĻܣڴ˷ɢݣΪǿеһ֡
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ޡ塢ǿߣԺĲл꣬󲿷ֶ֮·ص
ֻħǿվޣ޺壬Ż͵ɢݿ
Ժ󣬲лͱԴһ𣬻ع鵽ݡ
˷ǺӵĻܣǱĸ֪Уǿվ޺ޡ
Ǳ
֪֮·УȻԨ
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ؿһõӰĳΪˬλø֡
ǵӰֳֻһΪģ֪ǾԨ
һ֮·
Ǳ£ʱ˹һ֮·УĹ֮˿̻ɣǸˡ˭
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ΪĹأ½صаħ֮һλûںݵħţԸŵ
ԺĸȻ˽
ǱɱԴҲػˡ֮·ģֻĲֲлꡣԪ󣬻ԭɢڴ˷ǺӣҲ㡣Ԩ͡
ͨ櫵ĽӵĴĦԨ֪ǱħȥһЩΪŨĵطռ׳
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ħĳʽ
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û뵽λڶغݵıԴˡںݵԨĻ壬»صԺֻ֮·һǷ˱仯
Ī״ˣһֲлһԭڵԪ񡣡
ԪûкͱԴһͬعݣͺñȴħ䡣
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վѪ̳ԨֵӰˣΪЩʲôĪ״Ԫˣв̲ػ֮ӡǣֻһɿɹ۵ѡ
Ҫ
ġ̳УռĪ״ԪĻܣھۼˡ
áϰѪ֮ճɻҽѾû塣֮·Щлָܸ꣬Ϊһ񡣡
Ԩҡҡͷ


һлԽɭڶججĹһЩʵѪɫ
ԨĹ֮س֡
Щɽϣ̾ŵлͻȻðͷɽϹţͷֹ
ʲôȽ׵ĹڶʶԨݳȻ
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ûЩĤݣĿ׷Ī״Ĳл꣬Ī״Ĳл꣬Щһ˾ӡ
һУĪ״л˾ӵĺˮ£·ϾҪڻ
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ԽǿߵĲл꣬뵽Ժһ˾ϴӣԽڡ
ĵײ㷨
ȰĹҲܸıĵײ㷨ûĪ״Ĳлָԡ
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ںܰ㣬ԨڶﶼܿĻҰĹ⣬Ī״Ĳл֡
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ҵļ䣬Ҫĥ֮⣬ͻȻҫ
ʱһȭͷСĻɫӰ˾𽥾ۼţƱҰĹŻָԭò

Ԩüһ
ȻֿĹ˹УҲԽɭ˾Ӷ
壬飬ⳣǻ飬кԴǵĺۼ
Ժ󣬲лȻҲ븽֮·ջ
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Ԩߣ˵Ĳл꣬ǽ뵽˾ӣ˵𣡡
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һ̡
ЩľͻĽĹ֮ͨǰĲ֮أȫӿԨ
һ



һǧŰʮ ʱ
Ĺ˹УһСʱ򡱵ĵؽ硣
˵ؽ磬ƺĳصշ϶
ǰġʱ򡱺ͻ򡢰һһǿսҲ̲
ɡʱȴϵ̩̹ҵˣʱƻһͷҪһˡ
Ӵ֮󣬡ʱ򡱾ͲǿսķˣһģٱӵС硣
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ʱ֮͡ʱ򡱻Ȼһ壬áʱ򡱵ʱʧûʵصʱͬ
ʱ֮ûϼǰǻڡʱܹ׳Լܲɼǿ
Ǹڶʱڻȡǿиʱء
ʱ֮뿪ʱʧȥѲ档
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ڵġʱ򡱲ʺˣΪԺ˼άѪڵỺ
ڵУһߵ״ֻ̬ܶˡ
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Դǣ֮ǰû˭ͻƵʮżɽ򴴽ڲΪ֪һС
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Ԩ֮ţȺǸԡⷽѶϢӳ೾
ʱеֻżĺɽ򣬱ȻͽЩϵֳʱ֮飬ÿԹȥǵô򡣬شݻʱɱֻɽ򡣡
ӳ೾Ǳ̬Ϲȥ
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Ī״Ȼˣ
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֪ںδַ·޴ڵԴǣƺⷬ治ĻＤŭˡ
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ֵɣ̴Ц죬氲˶С
ǹɱԴȻûлعݣ
Զеɫ˶ܿõصǹɼף֪Ī״ôģ
Ӽ𣬽ǧ̤ݣ



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ħ̴Цսֵɵ뷨ŶսԽԽˡ
á
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ͻȻһɱԴںݵĵ
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ܼһ񣬾ܺ͵ص׵ԴӦǰռ·
֪Ԩ̫ԶŲҽ˵̫
ȻĻ˵ֻҪܼԨɾߣ

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ڶİ
ʶǵص꣬ȻΪ޴̬

޴ţΪһƬ·Ļ֮Ũ
֮һشصģƱţԶ¶ݡ
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౻ǰӡǣһشصأڽ
ڤڤУԨ֪һڡ
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ȻȻ֪ݵĲܼںһɱԴԴȥλ
ܼϵģǺݵԴ꣡
ܼķ֮·һصӣȻ꣬ԺļҪӿ֡

ħء
һ޾ıԭ·Ǽ֮
һ羮ڰıԣվݾпԵøĻˡ
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ǺԨڣɫķɺݵıԴ
һһɣĪ״õġ
ҲֶֻܱܿĺԨķ֮һºݵ
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Цҡҡͷ
ͻֵ飬Щ񣬻ĽЧ񿴵һԼۻˡ
ɱرϲŭ޳𣬴δǰ¶һ档
ǱΪͬСõĻˣҲ󲻵ǿ׵Ľ㣬Ȼһ档
Ԩǻ࣬ǹԭҺϣšķγɡ
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ɱԴԵ˱ĵһɱԴͼŤ˼롣
ͷԳݣҪտ񲣬ȫΪɱ¾ߡ
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˺ѷεʹУ࿪ʼ֫ٺѨϣһͷӡ
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ڴ˴ѪУûлĽ֮Կ̵ѪأԨԭͨն̨͵Ԩ֮ŵ
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һ鲻۵ʯϷܲԕFԯˣһ̵ǿ·̺ѡڴţ׼ͻغݡ
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ܲԕF֮ڣǼ佻ǧΣʦ⽦䣬ʶңͨͨ͸Ź졣



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ˡ
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Ҳ֪֮ܲһȥ־֮أȻûԴͷǺŨ


ѰǳбĽڽǳ֣ǿܾ󣬱ΪΪĲľ
ڣ޲׵ֱʣŮʿӡȫµѪ󣬾ͳ
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ʱˣȥȥһվᱻʱ̭ۣĿ͸ںѰ֦ɣ綨ǿŵɫǳϣ̾Ǳѡ񡣡
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ǰİӣģѪ꣬ǰˣһë
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˭
Ѱе



һǧŰʮ ĽԬ
İİӣžеȻȻһ꣬ȻԿŲľ顣
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ӻĽ
ڱγ˾յĵᣬͻȻʧɫصأǰİͣҪ͸ŵܡ
ŵߵκǻУȱҲ¶
ԶôΪλƬʧ
ѹŻἵò
Ӹпһ䣬ƬɫҶӻҽ˵Һ㣬ţǻȺһ㲻ġƺҡ
ֵġ
Ԭ룬ҵ֡
һӱȡ˳ݸ˳ˣͷϵһǽڡֻҪ˻ǿд򿪺ӣ֫崥ҵͷܺ
ٴսиǵһҾͻ㡣
ˣȽԨҲˣ˷Ըø㣬ҵĳ⡣
ų˱̬
ȻȴûȥǸӣȴ㾹ڻ
һ磬λ̩̹ѰٵԺ󣬷Ѿ˼ġ˲ŲæЦ˵Ȼ֪˭Ӧ˵ڵõϢ
Һ̩̹ͬĴڣֻ磬ҵһʲôõĵģ
ȳ˴𻰣Ǹʢһ޹ǵĺӷڵϣü̫ʱĶȷʵпܾǸԨļһ
ȷˣúÿǡ
ಣ
գһӨӨĹ⣬Խ˽ڣѵ˲֮⡣
⣬ӴѰֿһۣԭʧ
Ľ磬Ԭ롣
ú󣬳˿Žµĺӣһڵˣ˵Ľ֮ڻˣҹңԬ롣
ɳɳ
εصѰ֦ļҡȴûһƬҶ¡
ʱѰҲʶոյİӣǺηʥˡ
Ľ֮
ԳԬĻĽ֮ʮһĿֲڣһ޹£ԸﲻŮʺɱ˽ó
Ѱˣ˵㡭ѵһ£
ҽῼǵǣԨԺȥ޹ǡ
ߵ

ʱ
ڶ಻֪⣬Ѥòʺ籣žֹ״̬ԭǿսиļΪ顣
ɫɳЯʱϢɢ
ѪЩɳвʺ⣬ãȻʧ񣬲ԽسԼĹС
˲СУͻȻ伱˥ϣеڣ类ʱԶضס
һƯڶʺ˿̱ӳ೾Χš
ǰվһֻżĺɽ
۾ʱ֮飬ʱ˵ӳ೾֪ǻҹ
ѪƿԺֻɽҲ߱˻Ϊǻûôȥ
˵ֻܹĽĺɽͨ
ӳ೾һ̵ѣɵͲϻš
Ĳ֪⣬ɢڸϸɳӶͲʱ۶
Ҫӽʱʱ֮ƿһҳչһС硣
ڶ಻֪⣬ϸɳʱʱ֮еĳһҳڹеСء
֪ǻһ㣬֪Ϊʲô𣿡
żĺɽʵ
֪
ӳ೾ЦеصͷѾоˣīѸٷŶţӦвǻĽ񣬺Ǻǡ
򡡣
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̬֮ΪɽĻƽ񣬡ƽ֮ɵ򡣬ÿһƬ۶Žͭľ⡣
ڵ򡣬͵ͷ۰ԺݵĻƽ񣬼ûʲôˡ
ӳ೾˴ħ񱴶̹˹ԨǾ񣬺ͺݵڴ˷粻κǿߡ
˼Ԩᣬֵ֮Ӧöܿ⡣

һҫĿռУһһī֡
һͷʮĳޣ紩ɽףʸһɳ쫷ͱⱩ꣬ӳ೾
ЦīУѪһֻβںǺηӭȥ
Ļƽ֮˳й쫷ͱⱩڳ
һҧڳ޵Ĳ
һĲͱҧϣƽţܿ㱻ճһζΡ
ɱԵüΪɡ

ݣػɽ
ܲԕFԯˣûȥħڵأԭҩڵĵַ
ܲԕFһ£;쵽Ծڵң
һ
ǡ
̴Ц죬氲½߲ܼҲԡ
Ī״Ҳзݰɣ
ܼ󽲻ʱԺӿֳһͷȻҪȷԯûΣգпܵĻܲԕF֮¡
ãҲҪȫܲԕFһꡣ
ܲԕFûʲô飬ԯҲϤͷúǶѡ
ܼЩĪ



һǧŰʮ 
ӳӰ
ܼüһ϶һöСС칬ӡ֮۰
̴ЦǧĵػɽΪ֮һ
һڲϱû谵
·ֻҪ̴Цһ㣬ػɽΪڰ쾰
Ȼܼüĵġ֮ۡܲԕFڵƬռ䣬ȻŹܲԕFҲڡ
ܼʱͿܲԕFλŻӰֳ
һűλĻӰĽţƺ֪˿ţƴϵĻ
һѪӰռܲԕFλã
γһֻ޵Ļˡ
ʦˣ
ԯڲܼʩչʱҲܲԕF쳣æħӣס
˸ˡ
̾Ϣţأעͼ

ҵĻâӴط϶ڰнֳ֯ա
һ߸գܲԕFͷáƿ롣
ԯĽ£һͼڣ֮ʣΪϣԯס
ô֪ģ
ͷշֱܼ֮ġܲԕFû̫š
ֻһܣ޻ˣںҲ˲ҵĸֵǡһṳ̂ݣǾȻ׼
ܲԕFڽ
а˶ɻһȻǷȺźˣ̤ǵ硣
̴Ц첻ͷأһ͵ˡܲԕFǰڰҲ֮ӡ

ǧħƣ޾ڰħǰͺ̵سšܲԕF
ħӿʱܼġ֮ۡâžըѣͷ߸գ͸һƻâ
ܲԕFǾ壬ԺһŻ˻Ӱڰû
û˽ڣȻĽﶼûиҹǸʲô
̴Ц첻мؼţʹܲԕFһԺڰ顣
̴ܲԕFǾ񡣡
ܼͻȻڡ
һ¡
ʧȥѪ壬ֻʣһܲԕFа︽ΪĴ㡣
ûܲԕFа׵һȥ
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ԯе
ĬȻӦƬֻ̣ˣͨľյطƺҲҽˮڣķ֮һǱŵ֮׶
Ե֮˵ҲһöյĪ״ȥӦþˡ
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ܼŶͷöСС칬ӡƤڣ˵ʹһ׻Ҫ׽֮ףõ֪֮ؼ䣬ڣǱĪ״ӵѡ񡣡
ǹɼʲô̴ЦüߵѡĪ״ȻǱֻ˻ɱΪλҪǹ׻ꣿ
Ϊ˵Уܼ
̴ЦĬ

ʱ
ֳƽ򡣬ǧĽӲβһ˦һ½ǣʱ촷ۡ
ڴ˷ѵǿս򣬼ֱ޵дڣûκѪܺʵ˺
ҧһͷ񣬽նϵ򡣬ͻȻΪһƥԡ
Ľɫԣ˵еľʶݵͷ񣬸ܴĴס
ڶͷѪ񣬾Ҫʱоʱƺٻ
ӴһѪɫĢƺ͵ըѿͼƿ
ӳ೾Цһһְʱ֮顣
ѪԱߵ֪⣬ȻĽʱյ޻εضס

ǿ·Сһص򡣬ͷѪڴһצһŵģſڱȥ
Цţֻֿβں
һûоѪУ
βںţԦī룬Ѫǰ¸ҡ
ƺ֪ɱͷڻĽ绹ܸܵõʹ͡
Ҫˣ˵ֻںһ峤Լǻˡ
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һīƿؿռ䣬ͻȻڴˡ
һͷ­ǺӣȺǼľԳž޴ƺʱ俪һ޴
ϡǿܣǹ⣬ѪܣǴй
䣡
žβںȥ򡣬ҵͷתڳɽĴ
򡣡
ԳЦţһڳϢˣҲɱˣ
ľ޴ʱһ·ԡеΡɽԾԳܾҲͷ򡡣
ȺǻƵĸɽһޱСѪĴ
ܿ죬ͷ־ȻǴ
޴Ρɽһͬʱƽ֮Ѫ˲ʧЧÿһƬ۶ټ㱻ҵаٿѡ
򡰧ҽС
ƬƵʱѾ֧飬ҵҪԨ᲻ǡԳ޴ŵ˹˹Ҳһһ֡
ԨԨ֮ŹڴˡһˣԨ֮žҪ飬Ҳ뿴ѡ񡣡˵



һǧŰʮ ڶ

һīƿѵʱ򣬴һǿ˲ֳ
ɻĽ֮Ԭƣ˴໥ͣҾ߱ռ汦ȫڴˡ
һֻʮĻĴţһƬƬǻȻγɡ
һӴ֣Ѫ罭ӱڣ˶ͫĩճ
ܱߣöÿһö·ըء
Դûгֹʮޣ֮һ΢Ǻƾն֡
⼸λټϱ˹ǣβںŵ˹ԴҴ񣬴˿Ҿˡ
⣬촸زĻ
ƵͷԳԬһԭҺڵ޽ʱͳԳѪԬԭҺһϲ˵ɱ䣬˲Ԭƿص
ԴĽ磬ѪԬԭҺֻܻǿͼӳ֡
ֻǰĻںԬͬһ֣ܼ̳һԬѪ
Ҳǻߣ
ģ
ץʱ֮ӳ೾쿪һٴʱ͸ܵ˲
Ϊ߲ʱͷԳʲô
λ⣬гԺݵ飬жǺ󱲣ƺԳΪģûиơ
Ҫ·ߵڣ
ӳ೾һֻŵ֣绯ˮưҨˮɢɳͲ֪Ĺ磬׷Ǳʱ֮齽ࡣ
貵Ĺ˸һ磬Ǳʱ֮úʵࡣ
ӳ೾ļƣʱƺпеʱ֮ڲһֵ
ʱ򣬽ΪⱾʱ֮ڣһСء
ն̨ڲǰ㡣
ҵѪԴͷһʼͲڴ˽硣
صͷԳӳ೾ƣʻˣҲԸȥͨż򡡣
һڴ˵񣬶ûż֡
ǣҲʾ˲żԳ˵Ŀռ䡣
ͷǵͬѪԳõǵϿɣΪչʱǿ֮Ӱ
ڻĽ磬ҵ峤ġػ򡣬̵Ҳԭ
ҡһ촸
Ѫ⾫ܣصĹ棬ٴγһԡȺеΡɽ
ɽƺŻĽԴѪĽ֮Ѫܡ
ԳͨڵġɽֻҪֳ;߱ĪܹѹĻƽѪ
ƽĺѪֻҪתƽ֮Ͳܱ֣ܲס촸ַ
ҵĶԨŵȴٳûжֵĶǵ峤ˡ
ͱһƺǳƺΪ峤
峤Եø׽һЩ
ҲζţЩͬԬһȺ
ԨɡԨ֮ŵֻнڴˣֱܴӣīڴˣҲԺ룬ο򡻹ڡ
¡
ھֵ촸һ˶ǳͻȻͷ­ҵѪ⽦䡣
촸ûб𣬾ɽѹ򡣬򡶯á
˻𣬲ηŤӲû촸˦
ŻصĹ棬Ҳ촸ӿס
ЩֲĹ棬ǣǿף䣬ڱȥ
ͷѪ⣬ȻʼãȻ⣬Ĳ룬ͺͱӣѪ⾹ڽʧ
ƱЩʳš
ǰһ̻ڰҽе򡣬ʱ򣬷ǽвˡ
Ҳúʱһ̣֪
ӳ೾Ŀ⣬ڲҲ̶õͷȻ
顣
ڱеѪˮٿһӿֳûʧ
ͷƽƺҪ˵ЩʲôΪǻͷûˣֻŪ顱ѪˮǱҵ̬ۡ
ӳ೾ó
Ҫ˵ģҪǡ߲档
£ͷԳʮһĻĽ֮ܽһЩĽ֮ѣѪ⣬ƽ֮ɵ㣬ǣǣģܹģ
ģ㲻
Щڴ˵ǵѪ⣬ָܶˣֻҪǡǺڣ㶼³
ӳ೾ذο
Ϊǵûнٴ˽磬ûɱ򡣿
̾īûֳ̬֮ΪڴˣǶġΪĴֻش򡣬޷ɱ𣿡
ƺʱѾ˾ƣΪͷԳսڷĽ磬Ҳǰé
֪ǵѾˡ
ӳ೾ҡҡͷ
仰һʱ񣬶ЩãȻ⡣
ɭ۾ڣֳһ˿ɫ
֪ΪǸԨ֪ˡ
żɽĶͷֳһֻ̬֮ĺɽ
ĺɽ٣˵ֵǣԨ֮ŵǸԨ񣬲ûκξٶҲ֪λڵʲô
ڵҵı壬ǹģԬƵԭҺ
Ԩӳ೾ԱһѤĹ⴫ͼն̨
ͷԳ촸ë޵ֻأ̬ڵĺ⡣
ն̨ðն̨һֵͬģԨıԳɾУֻǱ壡
ǺǺЦڰ׻Ƶλжǳ֮ɫ𣿡
һ񣬴ֻھΪԱ彵ٵԨҲζ
Դһӣȥ˽ĺݣԴռŨرī塣
ϵĽףߵ̬֪֮顣
ûߣδﵽԪ񾳵ߣǵۡ
Ԩ𾪴˽ն̨֣Ա彵ٴ˵أڶǣҲѰˡ
ϾǻʱҪӦԵԨǾ
ǵʮһֻһ֮ңն˽еǸԨ£ԭ
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ױĥĻƽԨǻӿѪˮ
ĽɫۣҲ촸ѹ£ǽҪΪ֭ˮ
ȥġ
Ԩοһ䣬ӳ೾һ񣬵ȥˣҡٴزЯˡ
ӳ೾Ȼ
ǰԨԨ˫ģ·̲֮۾·ʶʲô
Ľĺɽ򡣡
Ԩ۾Ȼ룬ھżɽͷģλͨ
Ԩ֮䣬üĵֳһľ
׵ľ·ɫĻ֮ţ·ھħƴקʲô
ݣ
ڴ˽ɽͷһʮɽ޻꣬Ԥ׵أǿľĻɳ
żĺɽͷըѣԽʡ
ʮĺɽ޻ֻ꣬һʧԨüģ类ǿھס
Ԩ
ĺɽԨۼ䣬һҽС
ûϢ
֮
ɷħУһΪУҪڶɷħչǴӡ֮ɡ
ΪնʱڵԨƿصһطŰɱħֶΡ
Ըһ޻꣬ǴСðˡ
㣬ڿˣ
Գؿڵ첲ȻȻش䣬Խϥǣ紥ʱĵײ
һָֻ֣ϵš
ѹ촸ֵֻܵٻѪģͷŤͷųĹ档
ƣӦǴõ촸֮ǰ׻򡡣
ģһٶزкˣ֮ǰҲٹˡԨ
ԳЦ˵ɡ
ԬҪģˣûǲԨ֮ţȥǰɣԨеն̨ͷ­ȥһϽɫ磬촸֡
ͬʱԨ̧ͷͷԳһ𼸺Գͬȸ߶ȵΡ뷨ࡣ
˫۾ĿԵǣԳʱ˽˺޻ꡣ
촸ľϵ˲ҡ



һǧŰʮ Ҳ
ƬƬͷײϼն̨Ͻ򡡣
ϼǧѪɫĹ̲ذ׹⣬ӣ컯ء
ϽУ罻֯һɺ촸ţĥͷѪĺƵܡ
ˣˣ
ۼµĸǿɽը𶯣촸ѹѪ»ָת
һȫµۣɽɫԺͷײϼ϶ɣѵƬĽɫ
Ѫ⣬籡Ѫ⾫ܣͲϼе컯
ͼ
ʧȥĿڱǣ䣬ƽƤ⣬ͷľѪԭеӡǣԨѸɡ
գ۹ʧȥЩڱǺͽѪ⣬һ©֡
֭ˮѪͷ­ϸӵӿܡ
ԭо˵
ܵصͺ
ɱѪͳ븹ûüĺƵѪܣܵԨն̨ļá
ɲƵѪ޸ƵԴȪټն̨컯֮
ͻȻʶն̨գΪ˴촸ƽ֮Ѫ
ѪһԴǿУһСǿڣ
ɫ̫УѪ֮⣬һ
Ĵˣ
ͻȻ߰ͷźԨĿԣʧ״̬ͷԳȻһŭ
ǧٵѪâǻڱԳնͬʱ󲿷ԳѪС
ۣ
Ѫâд̻һŵɽδ͸
ԭԳëܼǻǿֳĽ֮Ԭ۾ɽסһ
Ρɽؿڣһ׳
ƽĴѪâõɽôһССϢػҽԳֺ
ŭеһ˦ͷ
ѹͷ촸ڳܲѴſֲĹ棬Գ֮£ָͷַֻȥ
ǺɱԨ
ۼֺԨӵԳѾʧңæޣǧҪӣ
ɽһ޻꣬ԨӶԳҲ˵
λʮİ񣬶϶ԨıԶǵа
ƫƫⷽ漫Ƿȱ׾ͻС
Ѫȼǻ𣡡
ḩ壬ͱӿŵǻ꣬Ļһε֮ѪԨӴ
һȼŵ磬ҪûԨķ࣬Իʩӵа
ʱڵδ֪⣬һ˿澫ܣ㱻ЩǻǣΪеһ֣ǻ
Ȼ˵ˣѵٴЯսǲ˻Ұɣ
ӳ೾ҡҡͷһֱ˸ԵŭУͻȻ߿գҪӵǻ㣬º͵Ц˵

ʱ֮һҳ
һ·ʱսɣȶصǿصأһҳչۼء
еǻ꣬ĳëһεѪȫС
ӵӳ೾δ֪·˫졣
ҲǴ˷ǿߣñ̹˹ͷ۵񰡣
ҳͻȻ£
ҳ϶ڽ䣬ëĩһελѪȾҳֽ
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ӳ೾ֺ£
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ռ໥ѹ
ˣŸ̬ȴƤѣͷǵرըף˼ƽĹ״
ңڼرΡ
е񣬿̬Ȼһָо
㼷ѹսܲסرѿͷѪһΪĩ
ЩӻĽļһҪЩܹǰéߣܺҡа塣ӳ೾ЦݲȻа߲ʹԣǼûĵǸ촸Һɱġ
Ҳڴ˿̡
촸ڷɻԳУǻֵΡɽ类ͻȻ亻ʵ
ýΪġ
е㯣ʱһɨա
Ǵĳδ֪ؽ磬˻˸һ󣬱ԨеȻǻˣ
ֻưԺݣȫʢʱѹݣͳڵλӵ˿ֲ
һۿܶɱߡ
ݵߣҺʱضӣ鲻ʱ
ߣὥһ֣֪ᱻקδĴ־塣
⡣

ʮĻվӳ೾Ρռ֮ڡѹըȴûһѪ͹ǽⲿ
Ϥʱ֮еûˡ
꣡꣡
вɼĿռ飬һҳֽŵ߳ҧţקŻĲ֫⣬ʱҵصء
лʱλá
ӳ೾ԨЦǷŴʱ֮£籥ʫ飬ѧ˵ʥͣƵǿս򣬽ʱֳ֮úĺһսֵɺ̴Ц죬Ұֵһ
ƣ
ʱ򣬶˵һᣬӳ೾Уִʱ֮飬;߱ʱ
ͨĿռܻΪµķչȫµʱ˷ǿսٽһ
ȻĴ
Ѱϣ˵أ仯һ֡
Ԩ¶ݲһЦ߸ʵƿʱȻ࣬ҲǽǹԭҺ˵ľ޴Ӣΰ
ܹγһꡰ̲ѪܵԭҺھܼķ࣬ĥĿȴ˵еĹ顣
ƤµอѪɫŹţó˵Ѫ⾫ܡ
ƺƵѪţϴӾĽ͹ͷ棬ʶ
ǰΪ̫ʱ״ơ
û壬߷ǹɱȫԭҺҲܾʩչ
οܴԨ֮ŵڣ׳
ԱˣϿ˸ն̨ûлĽ֮Ԭ뽵٣ǰԳڵ񣬶ϰںõ⣡
񡣡
ͷϽĻԨŤͷȥʱֱһȥ
䣡
ն̨ͷ䣬żϽͷڵĿռȫȫضס
̨һһɵ䣡
ռ䷢ܲסĸ֨죬ϸܵķ϶ѹѣһѵģͷʮޣǵԲĸ
ھ壬׺
̾īİǣȻѪͨһֱϲսǰ
ҿҪˣҪҵѪ֮ٹң
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Դ磬ԨԬǶҪȥȾָͼı



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ϸӦΪԨ֮ƣҪ֮ĳײ
ģǿ½صĹҫҲѸ
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ȻԨ֮ŵ鿪ΪԨǾ񣬽̩̹
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̫ܿɹھ˼˼
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鷳ҪܶࡣԨĳ
ԬڽʱѳԨīƺ֪ʲôһ㶣˹֮Դ⣬֮Դڰ֮ԴȻҲԨڳͨԺµʮһȤˡ
㣬ңб̹˹⣬ʮһվҪ㡣
У촸ǻȺ貵Ԭ룬Ԩ˲
ɸߵıͻȻӳɽһɽײִ˷صѪɫĻϡ

ԨѪɫ磬Ԭײĳ׷飬ǳһѪ
ķѵѪУɽԬ룬ԨһЦҲ֪Ǻݵĵʲôܡ
һ죬ʧ
̫ʼʹ˾£ǿ˶½صļֻۣǾ仰ûκηӦ
ѪƣӿԨ֮壬ΪѪܡ
񣬻ıͬʱǿѰͼٴԬ룬λĽİҳ
ϧһ١
Ԩ㲻壬ԬȥԨɻڴ˷硣
ûԨ֮ŵ谭ԬͨīֱӵִһפԨī
ңīƺ֡
ۣڵ½أôϸ롭Դ磿
ħĴ˾£ĿԬʧջأ˼صأҲŻ١
񱩶ҵܣͻȻڸǿ½ģĽӿ֣λħ˾ħ꣬һּҪ˺ѵĸо
ºȻ˻أеô
ڿ˼ȥʱ͸ᱡĽڣû˿谭ǸͲڰ㡣
̴Ц뿪ڲʱԽҲԵޱȡ
Ϊ·½صĽ磬ֻǸ裬ûʵʵ塣
ʱȴ־ˣ˽ڲ̺ŵȻȻƺݴĽڣΪĸ
ΪʮĴħ񣬿ǿ˴½Ľڣܻɢ
˼ħ̴Ц죬ܹ˳ĽӦֻǼ۵ķУλ߲εǿߣͨС
û㣬ûеͷǲġ
΢΢һЦ˵ֻ㿴磬죬Щ壬ķԴԨ粢㣬Ҳͽ˵ġ
ͣһ£ɫһߵʮһߣǺݵֻҲ̤˽һ
ﻰ˼Ҫ̤½ֻǴħ񱴶̹˹ԨǾ񣬻лĽ֮Ԭ룬λ֪ʮһ
ⷬµɫЩѿɴ˾ûԡ
ڣ˵Ǹ⡭
ۿۼԵģЩ꣬Ԩ壬ΪԨ˹ΪԴ½أ뿪ԨЩ½ϣԨȺͽʧȥ
ǰںڰУѾ˹Ҳϰйҫ磬Ȼᡣ
Ͼǵĳһֱ׷ǵġ
СĿģǵĸžԨӦиģӺݶǿߣ½ΪŵأԨ͸
ļ԰ҲϣĿǰ壬ܹʵ
ķѾȥвҲ㻯
ЩӦԨĹأϵĴͳͨɱһԨǿߣֱ߲̤֮ۡ
ˣõ۵᳨ͬӭӡ
ΪԶʱڵ壬ôһأԨײ𣬲Ԩۣ֮ԨеΪ䡣
Դ磬ЩúһɱԴߣгںݣе㱾Դۼ壬ҲͨԨĥ»棬ܹԨǿ
ԤǣúĽ½·ԨӿַǷ
ʢջ½֣ؽ۰ԨԴ硣



һǧŰʮ ٽԨ
аأ
ԨǾֳն̨񣬴Ӹ߿ջ䣬Ƿ½صĽ֮ͣ
ȴûȥ
͸ᱡĽڣϸϸ·Ǹƴ磬ûаӰҲûпۺЩ⣬Ԩ顣

Ԩ֮ʱ»ڶаЩϡŹ֣ȴӴޱȵаسײԨ֮š
εԨʱҲ˲Ԩ֣֪һа񣬲Ӽȡɪ˹ΪµԨ䡣
еа񣬶ڼۣ뿴ȥԨ
ֵǣԨ֮ˣЩζԽԨ֮ţҪӿԴаǣһˡ
Ǿȥ˺δ
ˡ
ȻʧЦ͵Ԩֻ֮ҪѣЩֲڲͬԨа񣬲ҪñԽ½ֱӵִԴ硣
ûŵķԨռţǿͨеġ
еһаĿǰӦѾԴˡ
־Ц
ǡѾˣ
˾»ֲ̿ѣϲ²Ԩ֮ǰ׼а񣬸ԨĲͬ棬ǰԴ硱ЩţԨԬսſ˼ܹ֮ԴʱѴܵ뿪
ڵԴ磬սһаֳˡ
ֻǵһԬҲţ񣬻ڻĽҲۼţʱ׼֡
ԬЩ񣬶Դ˽ԽԽһֻӿ¡
ܣԳӵСǰеǿߣһһԴ֡
Ľһ٣а֪ж٣׷Դûε
ݵ弴̯ɱĶ쵼ǵı̹˹ܾöûѶϢ˼յţ·ܹ֮ԴĴС
ºȻеޱȵıۣԴľƳʧˣܹŤתġ
ôϣħ񱴶̹˹ܹ·ԨָӦô
ҪȻȥ飬Ͱ˵һ˵׼ӦԨа񡣡ͻȻԥˣ㿴̫ʼԨһ£Ҳʵ֪ξû취²⣬и׼ɡ
̫ʼɬڲҲҪʱ
𼱡ԨǾʮһ񣬽ն̨壬̫ʼԳ֣ԵһҺһ뿪
Ҫߵ£ԥһ£ǿ˵ǡðɡ
Ϣһ֪ͨ櫣̫ת棬ҪһˡԨ΢Ц
֮ӳ೾򡣬̫飬磬׿ˣбܶϵ
Ѫ̺ѪħÿһˣҲܱϢ־
Ȼסˣܿͻ½֪ҲûҴˡ
ǨƵ򣬻ɢԴЩ壬ڣ̻ͨᣬŻڣµ۹۹۹ķӺߣջʲôѡҲ֪

ԱԦն̨ī㣬ͻȻԨ䡣
Խڵ½أն̨һס̧ͷһͼ½ϵĹâɳ·½أǹâҫ
й֮Դ鰵ص½أȻԨĹԴҫԨ
Ԩĵڶ㣬Ư½ģҲȺӴ
ţȻĿǰԨΪǿȺее󣬻еֲ
ԨԺǻۣǵĹȼҲߡ
½Щȣι״Ĺ£ֵ¥۴αȣ¥ΪʯϷԴҫ£ͷĹ⡣
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Ȼ䡣
һԨǿߵĸߴӺĵ߳Ŀɭ
ͨˣ
ǺǸķڳʧˣ
ǡ壿
ЩԡϲµԨǿߣͷƺҪȴڷʱͻȻԥ
ȻһЩԨǿߣ̬ǫ
ЩߣƺԨڣܻ壬Ի͵ʱշǵȺ
֮񣬾ָܹٹ⣬ͳԨ
ȻвԨǿߣɫɫơ
ܹ˼ɼ۵Ĵڣ֪Ǽӿ磬ԴԨ壬׳вû
½Ԩ֣ŸߵȽ׵һϢǿ󣬻ԵüΪĿ侲
ͬģһ񱩶ҵԨҲŨ
ԨĿ겢ǣҴɨһۺԽ½·ԨǱ䡣
㣬ĸ½
Ĳ㣬˸½
㣬ʮ½
㣬ʮ½
ײ㣬ʮĿ½
·ǱԽ£ԨԽϡҲԽ
統һһǱȥ۲Ԩĸ㣬¾һ顣
ͬǣβ񣬶ı
ִն̨ܿĸҲܸ֪ЩԨֵǿѪڲص

֮ʣٶȼ컹ûرԵĸоɵͣԨײһ½ʱ
ͻȻ쵽񱩶ҵԨسӿ롣
Ѫ纣ˮ㣬ûԨе
ѪǣอԨϴӴһٳѨϣҲԨעȥ
ԸⲻԸ⣬ƺֻҪˣֻҪڴˣͻȻزɼ
һıܡ
ͬʱʶ꣬ƺҲˣҲڼȡԨеܡ
һޱȵĸо·ѪӦԨĶӻѪеÿһϸÿһƻ˿ͷԨеҪȡԨ
һ̣һֺܹĸоԨ˵Ԩ
ײԨ·޾ĺڰ˵ߴԨ֮һ㣬аܳûͻĵؽ硣
վڵ߲ԨͼǸ½أȻ֪һ
аʥ
޾ĺڰħ񱴶̹˹Ϊ֮ɵаʥаĹޣڵ߲Ԩ·ĺڰС
ûĻڰ֮ԴӦҲڵ£ܺаʥйء
ҵ꣬Ϊʲôܹоаʥ
Ԩ㶣һ̧ͷϿգȴѾԴڵǸ½ء
ݼ۵˵ײԨ֣һ㣬ԶҲӴҲᱻ߲ԨΪҰްĵ֡
ûйԨײ㣬ʮĿ½أԨ֡
Ԩ֣ȷʵҰû̫ǲԶ໥ɱʳԷѪ׳󣬱ܵؽ䡣
·⡣
Ψ⡣
ʧȥǼԨ챦󣬴߲䵽ײ壬޷ܵûԨȻû
ף
Ȼ䣬Ԩи֪;ϵҫĵطȫȫضϾˡ
֪˿̾ϷѵԨ֮Ŵû뿪
Ϊ߱ʱûżߣڵȺϢ
ڵʱϵţܻͨѶܱ˴˸ӦԷ
ֱ߲Ŷѡ
ûй⣬ҫĵطѵ޷ϵ
Ԩһ£ûг㣬ûȥ֤¡
аʥ
·ĺڰڡԴ硱ƼۻûĹãƺĵˡ
ԨûнףûԪ꣬ȴԵ׽С
һ־Ҫؼңصξйĸܣѵأʹ½Ʈ·ڰȥ
Ȼ䣬ʶûбԴҫײ㣬ʵӰ졣
㣬ط壬½ػӰУԵģޱȡ
ȴȫȻͬ
۾Ԩĵ߲㣬κﶼܿٽ½صĳ
ң뿪Ԩײ㣬Ǳʱ򣬺ܶа񶼲ӦļºڰһӰ졣
·Ǻڰеס



һǧŰʮ ·
ĺڰУԨƻ棬·һп
߲£ǾԨĽֻнΪаߣӦһĺڰܹؿ㶫
аԨ飬ҽٴ˵أߺ͸֪ɥʧ
ȻԨ䣬Ŀ⻷ʱںݴǰ㣬ܹɽĸȣߵɶ塣
߲Ӱ죬ʶĸ֪·죬ڰκηչ
Ԩаġ
⣬ӵ߲һºڰġ
궼еƯǧӣڻص˵֮ء
Ȼǡؼҵĸо
޾ĺڰѪ壬ûб񱩶ҵԨӿ롣
ⷽδ֪ĺڰУƺԨҲûбעڣอǵĴ
ǣʶĻȴڰеĻ
̬һ̬꣬Ϊһɫ壬ʶſȻغ
źڰеĻܣپĿһ׳

ԨȻһ𣬶ʱ˸˵ķ֡
߲Ԩֿ񱩶ҵԽԽŨ
Ѫǣõ߲½ص壬Ѫ˺ѵأɽӡ
鹦ڵ壬Ԩ챦ûǰܾӿ
ǣ£ӵһ㵽߲㣬񱩶ҵԨϡͬʱһȴŨˡ
ڵ߲ʱ;꣬ȡ
ӦǼ亱Ļ֮Ը֪գŨ
ƬĺڰУûдѪ꣬Ŀֱ۸ܣ
˵ɢڵ߲ģǴڵĺڰɢ
ԨȻǳ
ײ㿪ʼϣԽԽϡ
׳Ѫ⣬ǿǵĿ񱩡֮Ȼ෴ġ
Աٴ˵أѪǣ꣬Եܹá
ǶԵġԨǴ˵صס
пһ䡣
ͻȻһ߲㣬ع֮Դ½أҪ޴½أ·޾ĺڰ
½ΪҰɫµĺڰ֣봣һ͵Ĺ
ɽͣ鲼½ظȴûȴڣûгǳعűû¥ֵ
ֻôһɽͶҪʵĹ
ڴؿҰĹ͸ºׯϣ·Ѿڴ꣬һִĹͷɣĸۡ
֮ء
аʥ
ʣʱӿ֣ӿǣ֪½֣аʥͷ
ԨаսѪอᱻжûǻᱻ
ÿһλȥа񣬺Ƕڴ֮أΪаʥשߡ
ǧȥˣ֪жٵаɣϷ߲ԨɱѭŹϵĴͳȥа񺡹һһȥ
аǣýĳϴ񣬶Ժֻعڴˡ
Ҫһ⡣

Ԩش䣬̤֮أվΡֺаʥǰ
صǣüһ͵ؿŵ¡
ǳǳĿ϶̴ЦĺڰԴ飬½ص
֪Ϊʲôһվڴ֮أԺ꣬ӳֳһżµĺڰ½صӿ
ԴںݣԴѪǿ½أ֮ԴԨ½ذ㡣
Դ飬ƺϰڣһǳ½ص룬ࡣ
ֻǣȻؿ
ͨ۾ͨ꣡
ʶе꣬ڴ֮أŲ΢ʯ飬Ϳżµĺڰ
ǸµĺڰҲܵƺڻӭĵ
ӦûӭģΪʲôңѵӦ̴Ц𣿡
ԨȻ
ӿŵĺڰ·罻֯ɣÿһ磬һؼĺڰ
½أ߲Ԩײͷų޾ĺڰ
ԨĸоҪȹ֮ԴΪǿ½أڳԨ磬ֱԨĸһ㡣
Ԩã֮Դڵ½أ֮Դ鱾ΪԨҫԨ߲硣
밵Ľ棬Ȼǻʤߡ
ôҲˣ
һȻ̴Ц
һԨ̴Ц죬ѹû缫˵ǰ㣬ȥӼʲôڰֱоĺڰ֮Դ
̴Цаʥĺ࣬ǰϢԼΪһڰӡ
Ԩʱ򣬲ûע⵽
̴Цʱаʥһ˿ԥΪʥŽţǿҵĺġ
ոǣúͺڰ֮Դûйϵ
Ӧýȥȹͨص׵ĺڰԴ飿
ԥʱԨȻ䣬ҡԵüΪӦڰ
Ԩ;ֳֹ⣬·ΰ㣬̴Ц춼治ѣڰй۲˰Ρ

аʥһǣȻתС֣һݵ̬֮ӰǸи֡
Դ֮񣿲ԣɪ˹
Ԩȵ
Ȼ֪Ǹ磬ԨͻĽ綼ƺΪԴ磬Ԩװɪ˹ŪԴ磬ԼԴ֮ֻһԸ
ԴҲǴħ񱴶̹˹ֲɪ˹
ɪ˹ڼΪԴ֮񣬲ΪԼˡ
㻹ܻţǳϡԨֻʣһ꣬ûѪ壬㡭Īˣ
̹˹ӻ˳Ԩ춴룬Ҫɱɪ˹
֮󣬰ɪ˹ûȡ֮Ǽۡ
ԨΪħ񣬺ɱԨԼ˳ƶԨݣڶаġ
ҵ겢δ𡣡
ɪ˹һڣһ̴Ц죬ҲƮȻ
վԨԣһͬǵ磬˶꣬Դ硱ļһ
Һ֣ΪʲôԨ
еİɪ˹Ҫ˵ЩʲôȻˡ
ӰҲ˰˹ͷڣֱӰ˵ڲ
ڰɪ˹ʧһ̣аʥľ޴ǰͷųīĹ
·۾ĬĬ˹
ǿ̴Ц죬ǿԨ

һ֮Ǹߴĺ֮Żӭĵ
ݣ
̴Цֱ亡֮š
һħ̴ЦӰײһɫĽ磬̴Ц챻˻ûܹһ롣
˵𣿡
̴Цбۣź֮ţ˵ӴԴĺݶΪڰ֮ԴԺڰݣͳеԨа񣡡
㡣
Ǹٴ͸ĮӦȥ£ڵϡ
̴Цɫһ˺˵ҾҪڵϣҪȥÿһ
ĿУֻҪ̤Ԩõ۳ŵĺڰԴ飬̩̹ħ񱴶̹˹㣬Ϊʮһĺڰ
ԨǿߣΪʮһ˺ڰ񲻾Ԩ֮
аʥ淢ļһӦöԼǫ
ôŵħˣٴȥаʥҪһȳŵĺ֮룬ɡֱɫĽ絲ס
ٴε˻
ĺڰ֮ڵµ㣬ٵˣȥľˡ
ʥػߣõȫڰ򣬵һҿԺһġ
ڣ㲻Ҫ·
꣡
̴ЦŵأȻѳһط죬ؿ˿һ㣬ݵλħ˸ˡ
һԨӳֵģӿļºڰУ̴ЦӰ
̴ЦһССĺڵ㣬ڶཻ֯ڣ֨֨ĵǣӡźڰ



һǧŰٰʮ ټʦ
ħ̴Ц죬忨˼źڰ͹λǿߣ˿ͬʱԨŸԵĴС
˼Ԩ֮ۡ
̴Цڴ֮ء
֮ԴͺڰԴ飬ĿǰȻصԨѡԼĴˡ
ô̴ЦͿ˼λǿ᲻Ҳ˶ʮһ
Ϊ̩̹ͱ̹˹ԼǾ֮ģµʮһڣ
ѵ˵ԨԴ硢ĽĻͨ˶ͳԼԬʮһ
̫У̴Ц컹жϣп˼ûϣ
·аʥλػߣȻΪˡ
֮ڲػߣûи¶Ӱ·ǹ꣬տ
֮Դ飬ֻǳԴ飬߱ѡĴˣ޷ڱ֮ԺԴʮһĽ
ڰԴмԴ飬ѡ̴ЦԺλһϣʮһ
̴Ц죬Ԩܹ֮ȥһ˻Ľ磬Ѱٵȱٵһֺڰ֮ϣʮһС
ػͣһ£ͻȻֵȻҪǿ˼㹻ǿ֮Դù֮ԴΪһ֣Ǿˡ
ֻϧ֮Դڵǿ½ȻףιޱȡҿԶûпʵִ¡
ڰԴڵĴ֮أǿ½Ϊ棬̴Цûϣ
Ǵųţػߵвϵش˵ԨļºڰǸ䵽˺ݡ㡭
ػߵĻʹͣ£·ڰԨꡣ
ԨȻһ
Ϊ֮صӿŵĺڰƺǴ˵صˣǴ֮صġĺˡ
ǸĺˡǱϵ̩̹ߣ˺֮ģȾԴǸνԨ
Ԩ߲䵽߲㣬ڵľҲΪǸˡ
缫׹Դ꣬ԴѪ㣬ɼµĺڰԭһֱǸ
ǱȻҲԴ飬һһǸߵȽ׵Դ飡
мԴ飬˱ľܹ֮ܵȾԴ꣬˵Դ꣡
ɡֻҪˣһоͶϾӡµۼػѭѭգȳŵĺ֮ţ졣
ڴߴϽҪ˷Ѵҵʱ䡣
ԨҲʶҪţ̴Цκε谭
ֻǣͷʲô
ȥԺŵܣ᲻;ѣ
ʲô
Ԩ֮۵ļۣƺ֪ʲôüÿÿʱ൱𾴣̴Ц졢̫ʼܲġ
ۻ˵ˣֻҪȥ˺֮ģǸͻ֪ࡣ
ڡ
Ԩ֮ԺǸվߴ½ļѪ⣬ǿޱȣȴڴˡ
ƺ֪սִﴴ֮أսվаʥǰ
ϣȥģ

İĺ֮ڲѪɫĹԣħ꼱ӿţֳһӴӰ
һθߴĺˣһ޴īʯϷ泯
ħ񱴶̹˹
Ӭͷıܼ֯ħϣǸīʯڲаӿ
ھ޴īʯԣҲһԨа
Ӱаߣķ˹ЩԨáԴ硱а񣬾ȻڵڣΧǸ޴īʯ
ڶа񣬻վɫʯأƯڿУ˶ǧ֮ߡ
ԨξУ޷ľ޴УôӴаۼһ𣬾Ȼӵ
ңֻռаʥһСֿռ䡣
Ща̬һѪ⣬ӿſֲ쳣ԨϢԾ߱ص
ǵһԨ֪۸ոƭ
Ԩ֮Ժ󣬼۸ߴ˾£˵ʱײԨ֮ŵаѾͨԨġšȥԴĸǿա
Ԩڿǣаʥȥѹ̹˹
Ȼ뵽̹˹һ͸Ԩ֮ŴѶػһӺ󣬱а׷ŽнԶĻ档
Ǵ֮󣬱̹˹û¶
ڵľܲԨڶа񣬻аʥڻǽħ񱴶̹˹סˡ
˿̣еаű̹˹ħдʣڳħڵľܡ
еаּ䣬ʴϪˮע뵽̹˹ħ
еаչ˺ѷǸīʯ˺
ڶԨаټаʥű̹˹ħ꣬޷ǸʯҲ̤ʥ
ħ񱴶̹˹һ֮еаʥС
̹˹аǾͲȾԴ磬ԴΪ
ЩǲӦÿġ
λ룬ħӰԵޱȸߴ˿ѷɫκаı̹˹չĽ
ڲڶԨа񣬷·ҲӰ
ֵǡ
áԴ硱Щаٴοʱһһηһһ־塣
֮ǰҪɱаڵǫع
Ŀˡ
ԨȻƴԸ̹˹ʱΪλҪôηԼ
ӲǿԼʱôĿ־壿
ǵʲô
ڴ˿̣
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뿪ԨҪãȥݵŪݵص࣬еļȫپҪҪ
ȻԨҲѲˣ֮أڰסǸ
̹˹࣬ԴĴħһֱ㣬ƻ㣬ָػߵŵĺ֮ŴڵֻҪȻ
Ԩ֮ѡ־չߣ̴Цǵ˼ĴУչϵɣҲ㡣
ػħ㣬ϵϸյͼ̤С
ԺУħ񱴶̹˹ЦĻ棬ôҲ֮ȥ
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˵Ȼ嵮Ԩ̹˹ҲԨ֪㣬Ӧúվ˶档
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·½أ磬ƺֻϵһ֡
½ɽͣȻ̣̣ǰ㡣
ӳֵżƺ뿪¶Ͳᣬϣ˼
ͻȻ޾ĺڰԽԨĵ߲㡣
ԥ㲻ͣϷš
ƿ߲㣬Ӧ½֪ڸ߿ա
ּϣܿ˵㣬ͻȻһīأϮһλԨ飬Ĳʳ˶ԷѪ⣬Ϊӣ뵽еѪӰ
ԬԨʳ
ӵ͵Ƚ׵Ԩ֣ӶϤģԴѪҲûƿص£ΪѪ֮
ʱԨԥ
ܲܣ



һǧŰٰʮһ 
ԬɱԨ顣
аǻڴ֮أһͬѹŴħ񱴶̹˹˿ûоȥע磬Ԭ뼫õʱ
ԨԬǿԬԴѪ档
ĵ֮ӦݣŪݵ࣬Ԩʱض顣
ǡ
ڴֹ֮ҵĸо̴Цڰصļ˾Ͳᡣʥеа񣬲ǰεǰʱȫǹͿ־塣
ӿ־ĿϤǰںݣڵȫʢʱڣɵߣˡ
ηֿ־ȴΪ֧䡣
һһˣڶ䵽ԨԺ󣬻ǽΪԴ
ʥǸػߣ˵ǱŵԨնĴˣ˵ǡԨ֮
˵̴Ц켴ʹõ˼УۺǿҲ
а񣬼ۣػߣȻô
ѵľԨ
Ԩֹȥ롣
վԨûκζ񱩶ҵԨԴԴϵӿ
ͷһתɷħѪȡԨЧʴ
ҫԨڷš
ÿһͷÿһ鼡⣬ÿһԨעٴǿ
ãʱõĺôԬһԭҺǰ㡣
ԺУֳŻڵɷħڡħĴ֮
ݴ磬ЩߣΪ
͡ߣȻǿɾǱȲЩҲͨȥߡ
ڣԪںߣͻƵھԪԺҲı䲻ʵ
壬Ⱥݵ壬Щ壬Ѫ̫
һֱȻơ
Ԩôˡ
ͻȻʶԨЩ壬һܼȡԨ񱩶ҵЩڹͷอԨ嵥ƾ֮أԨκβ㣡
˿ԨѪǿ׳׺ǰƣ
κγԺݵģԨۼ壬ֻҪԨͨԨǿ׳ǣŤѪⱾ岻ıʵ
Ԩ֮ǹŻڣɷħڣħЩǿ׳
Ԭ룡
һīǵѪӰʱһͷͽī
ǣһīĴںۼҲͻȻӳꡣ
ڵ߲㣬ʮĿ½еһ
ڶīһ֣ѪӰһͬԨԬ룬ͱˡ
ƺԬԨĺδֻҪԨķУĸ֪
ûеīֻ֣˵һ㡣
ԳڵǸԬ룬īȻûнԨԴػ
Ԭ룡
ٴȳʱзһҪϹȥ뷨
뷨ٿһ֣ʶе꣬ն̨γ˺ӦͻȻܽԨײշ
ȥܽԨնֻ̨һСߣṩռʯͷ
ն̨īǰ֡
Ԩ㣬ʮ谵½֮һһΪӰħԨȺϮɱһλɫӣҪڵǵѪӰ㵵ؿն̨
ն̨Ԩ
ʮһûйͿ߱壬ܹЩʲô
ѪӰһԬѪ֮ûкīڣûлΪǰѪӰûоò֡
ҡͷԨԨҽϾʲô壿㲻ӦȥݣЩߵľ𣿡
ն̨˲ƴҵīͬˣ߾͡
ԬĻȻֹ
ѪӰ̬վں̳ϣؿ̳ԣĳⶳա
īմ֮ʧЧˣ
ԹԻʱ֪Ԩ죬ʱܸ֧ԮûǰԨս
ҪīĻ֮ͨȥ߲ī߻ٷɢ
ȻʱѪܣīñԨϣݡ
֪߾ߣȻδԸԳ
ԬȻ쵽˲Ծ
ԨҲһ
Ԩײ㷨ռģȻն̨
ŵ
ն̨ͽֻһṩռʯ飬Ӱռ䣬磬ܹ˲ԬǰֵģȻз뷨
룬ҪȥԬǰ㵽ˡ
˵ļ򵥡
ţԬǵѪӰվī߱մҪƣԬͶˡ
ϸܣط֣ڴ֮ص޾ڰлȡĻ֮һЩ
Щӿ꣬ΪһֵĻ֮ԴȪܹ˶Ԩķ
Ԩ
ֻҪԨŵģаڵģǼϵģ߹ԨķȻ˶
ڻʱĸоţ
̩̹ٵģ̩̹ͬԴѪУּҰĸоϵ
ԴѪڳ˯ΪԴѪĴˣҲܻļӳ֡
˿Ԩоն̨ڲ磬ǿߺ͵ߣ
ѪӰڵīһ£ȵ飡
ԬѪӰһ
ͻдԨĿ̵Կռеҫ̬է֣·ε飬Ӷҫ
Ԭī
Ԭ붯ãʶ˼룬Ԩһ顱֣һΪ飬Ҳٴۡ
ֻؿſռи
޹ƵīûüɱΪ壬ûЧĵֿͱЩռлжϡ

ѪӰҲǼ䣬ѳѪƿ飬ʶͷĨɱ
ѪӰīʧǰԬһ˿ʶͻȻֵط֣ڵ߲㣬޹֮صīҲͬˡ
Ԩͷβֻ˵һ顱ԨԨײķī
Ѫܡ

쳹Ԩ˵һ顱֣мȡЩԨʧɾˣһޱƣ۵ĸо
Ϊ˵һ顱֣ΪԬī飬ҪԨ꣬ʵ˵
˷飬κһΥ־ߡ
׹Ԩִ֣ƵķܹƽȻͨԨķһֻϰ㣬ֱӽ
ʲôε
δΪԪûͻһ꣬صԨôӵɱĿֲ
۵ľηڿŴˣаǿʱĿ־񣬼İݾˣػ߳ƺΪԨ֮
ƺһΪĽ͡
ܶɱԬѪӰնīֶͬΣɱ˵صа
ãɱЩԨаֻӵס
Ԩȷǿˣ̴ЦԨҲǿԺӵбԴߣԨǿ
⣬ԨӡǣںݵķˣԨǿ壬ԨѸٳɳ
ǣܹԨǿģԭһֱ
Ԩ޵еġ
˵ͻΪԴѪĴܹܹԴ˵ΪΪ
ôٵԨǸоǡԴѪĹ
ŵԨ̩̹Ժ󣬳˺֮ģʴԴ꣬ԴͷԴߡ
ǶӡǣƺѻȻһ塣
ˣΪΡûнʥأ
Ԩ֮۵ļۣ¶ӰؿԬī飬ȴź˵ֻҪȥˣֻҪһʵԼʲôˣ㾿ڿʲôǱ㰡
㻹ԨеһУ㶼ܹƿصİ
ֻҪʥħ񱴶̹˹ͻԨԴ磬лĽ磬ͳΰ



һǧŰٰʮ շ
еźʧŨķ·𻯲
Ԩ֮۵ɫǺɸֵζһɰ
ƺȫµı㣬̵ּƻٴαԨƻˡ
ԬѪӰī䣬ԡӰħԨֵɱֻ˴ŵľٶ
Ԭ붯ҡԨĸţĺͼ־жӰ졣
޹ؽҪ
ڴģԨ̤߱ڰĴ֮أ뵽ֺϵаʥ
ֻҪԨϽȥִ⣬ӭж⣡
Ԩı̹˹ħҪ˵ԬѪӰīˣλĽ֮ԨҲѵ
ںǱߣԺԶֵΪ׵ǿؽӵԨ
ԨԨ֮ݣͳе壬̫ʼ̫飬ڵĵЩǣֵɡ̴Цǰ㣬ݡ
ԨЩа񣬴Ԩƿʥ˭Ҳأ
ڶǿߣаΪūͣԨԨԴ磬Ѹͳһ˳ɱĽ硣
ʱԬڻĽǶʳѰﻹйȾָԴ磿
õ룬Ԩĺڰʱ㱻ش飬ʹļס
ǣ˿̵Ԩû
һ顱֮󣬸еΪƣԨڵԨ쵽ӿ롣
׳ѪǵԨǷġ
ԽԽŨ
ಣ
ٴδӵԨ߲䣬޹ĵش
ȻŨĻ֮ʶӿ롣
ոֻ˯ĹƣУԵõ˴⡣
Ԩ֮۵ļۣͻȻȥˣ۾һּˡ
ΪԨͨˣԨոԼչֵ𾪣Ԩ֮ӵе԰Ρ
ˣ˭ջ󣿡
깵ͨԨײ㷨ܾԨֵԴ׳ǿߵ׷ɣ
ԨȻƷˣֻᵱһɽСζȻԿܡ
ΪԨ䣬ٴν뵽ĺڰлȡ
еعעš

ڵ߲㣬ԨͻȻͣϸϸܡ
֪·ĺڰû׳Ѫ壬񱩶ҵԨֻиŨĻ
ֻҪһܸһɨƣܸػָ
ûô
Ϊ˿̵ܹʶԺҲΪɫ
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ȻһֹŹֵĸо
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ҷһûļ佫ȫӿ֣缫ڴ
ȴһֱܵġ
֪̫һ𣬴괫ݹ˼ͱܣԨԽԭ
⿪ԭǸԨδ
ŵԴ飬һֺҵˡҵ꣬ݵԴ꣬ףԴͷ㱻Ⱦ
ڷ⿪ʱ겻ǿĻûңҲ˳Ⱦҡ
ҾͻԶʧȥ֮ģԶūţɥʧҡ
ԨͻȻסһ㷽
ڵ߲ԨоԱһ㣬ؿӿɫܣͼЩӬͷʱ
ϵһ塣
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ʱѵԨ֮Ϸ̫ʼ²ͣ
ߡ
ն̨Ŵ̫ʼǰʾ¡
£Ǳ͸ŵ½ϣɫӲ¶ŨŨʧһ˿ؼ
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ҡ
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ţԨվǻֻһ죬һˡ
κʱļۣԼݣԨݣԲء
ġ֪ҿԵȥ޷ǡһӶѡҼ궼ȥȲ𣿡
أԨһŤЦݣ˻֡
ڸԨС
Ҳ۵ġ
ԨеҲ̫ˡ

ն̨ʹʧ

Դ磬
ͺڰ磬ԬԦĵīͣһ塣
ŵ˹ͱ˹ѾȺʱ

һѪܴԳǻ룬īڵѪӰڣѸǽںͽһʵѪ塣
ȫ̬֮Ԭ룬ģźԳЩƣĿ࣬縫аǷϢ
峤
Գ

ŵ˹˹ߺ
Ƕ֪ǰԬ룬ֻǻĽ֮һ߷ɻǲҵ
׹ԨѪûյԤЧԬԳнӹ̹ܣʹú󣬱Գİµȼһڡ
ͷǺӵζ侲˵ԨԨйء
λȻ
Գʱȫ̼֤з£徹ȻԨѹֶں壬һҲߣǻƣγɵĺݴ磬һֱԴ翪Ž
ǸԨܹŹ֣ҲأұûǰܼӴԨԬе£ԥƬ̵ڶҲ׼ˣһǽǰ˵Ȳż̽Ԩ
ҪȽԨ
ǣǾ߱ԤлǽԨϰ



һǧŰٰʮ 촰˵
ڵʱ
һӺص鼮Ưţڳܱߵ⣬Ͱʱɳ
֪˶ú󣬺ȻֳһӰ

Ԭ븽Գ촸ȥʹ򡡢ӳ೾ʱҲܲһξˮը
ͷ׵ǣԬȫ٣һ뿪
˿ȥ
óˡ
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Сʱգչڲͬҳҳĵӣһ顣
ʶ磬ڲͬʱգΨξУֳĻ档
ںݺУŵĴ˵е·˹
ΪţУ໥ɱݡ
гųĹֺ;飬ӿһŹԴ·ĳֽ̻塣
ħεħصĳӣš顱ðˮݣˮΡ
ڶϡŹ֣˼ĳ棬ϵӿ
ʶڲͬĴʱջţнɫ
ʱ֮ڵģŹֵЩ磬ƺڴ˷طʵ¼
Ȿʱ֮飬·ԴĹʷ
ϧǰʱֻ֮һ飬Сûӡ֪ʶ֡
ʱ֣ӳ೾£Щˮ֪⣬һһ¾ӿˣʱ֮Žȱٵ֪ʶʧȥЩأҳڵչ֡

ͻȻһߺȡ

ѵӳ೾קһѵĽɫҳеĳһһԾ
ӳ೾ƲȬ߲ͫʱ֮龭Ԫ
Щ㱣»ع鵽ʵ磬һӺûع
߲ͫֳΪӳ೾Ϊ߲̣һĻĻɿӡ
գԬԳ彵٣촸Ļ档

ӳ೾һԼŶͷ˵
߲棬ҡ
һڲͬʱյ򡣬Ѫ⣬ʱ仺ʱ֮УҲȬˡ
ججأӳ೾һõӳ೾֤ࡣ
ȫ̴ڰ˯ѵ״̬ЩʱգЩξʵ
û¾ͺáĶҲ벻ףͲҪˡ
ӳ೾һ֣ͷСԺĻƽֳ̬
ͷȻٷȥ롣
أԨлĽǸԬ룬˼£̫ʼȥ˺δӳ೾ѯʡ
֪ҹҲ㡣ҡҡͷ͵û뿪̫ԶԬɱǰһˡҷŵ˹˹ˣҲûµֵ֣һӣŹѰǡ
Ҫͨ㣬Ԩ̸һ£֪ĵ
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ӳ೾һؿڣȻһЦ󲻵ҿʱ֮ڴûáǣҺԣѾǼʮȥˡ
ʵġ
˵һʱ򣬾һƳҲһĸоԣ˵Ļ
ôһ˵ӳ೾㶣źԨͨ
ӳ೾ɫޱȵء
Ԩ֮ˣ
˼Ԩ㣬ܹ֮ԴĴУ֣Ҵʱ֮ڿģǽ̻һЩķţǹ֮Դ飿
֮Դ飬ӦԴ簡
ӳ೾
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һԵĵһ仰ˡ
ȥȻɣԨ˼
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м£Ԩͨķʽ֪еѣϣи׼ҵ죬ҲˣŰ
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Ԩ˾ۿˣ۾Ԩһ㣬һҫԨΪԨ½ء
Ԩ֮ˣаѾǵ
Ľ֮Ԭ룬ѵԨ֮ŴûкԨ֪١īǳԨ
飬žҸˡ

ĴӪǿ½ϣ̫ǿĵ𾪣϶أ㽫˵ˡ
˵ڳ
갢櫣죬Ĳأİ壬ĽħǱ̻ͨʯӣ巣ڵ̷ɽŻڵ͵ˡ
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·뽫úȥδӡ
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˵һţܡ
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͸˵Կǣϸϸ۲ҵ˼룬ǵϲŭ֡
·֪һ̻֪վһ죬ᷢ¡
ڳ˵УΨһûие𾪵ġ

ŮʣԨᣬСͷǿվ޴ӻִȻ
󣬰磬ħ׿˵˹ӳ೾Ҳˡ
ʱΪݣΪͻһʧȥԴ½УҶЩ⡣
Ȼ˴ӳ೾ĿУ֪ʱɱ˰ַԨ˼Ҷû˵ʲô
ȻսùŹ֡
ҽȫ֪ʵ֪࣬Ԩ֮ˣԴȻԨ
嶼ڳ£ڲҲڶҡã֪ķΡ
壬壬ŮˣЩĿ⣬͸ŵ⣬Ԩࡣ
ըԵϢֱӴݻΧơºݼƻγɵͬˡ
ؼǣΪĴħ񱴶̹˹Ԩٳûй
ľ֧䲻ڣǶ԰˰ħİ櫣û̫ͬ
ΪҲ

ǺӶɿڡУԨ̫֮ʼħ˾£ͻȻ
ɫ۵Ԩ¶ļͷų챦ʯľӨ
ڡǺӶɿڡֵǣɢ½ĸǿߣȫȻȻؿ
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ǿ壬ٱ򡢽ʮսʿѪԵ׽С
ǣԨᣬСŮʰǿվޣҲһֱѪԴͷĸо
ʯӣ̷ɽ巰ޣͬԵĸо
Ѫߣ壬ĴޣʱܵһƵѪǣ
ҽȥݣȥŪܡ
ԨǺӶɿڡ߳վ½룬Ըһͬȥݵ壬һ᳨ֻӭߣҲں֮йȥ֤ںݷ¡
ԨСսȥıҪ𣿡
̻ͨʯü壬૵ȻǺͺԶֵɣ̴ЦһѪԴͷԨǻҪսʲô
ҲЦףΪʲôԶȻôĴȣڣŻڣ̻ᣬڵǨƺˡԶӦ֪ˣǴ˷ߣǶԨ
ӵĿ⣬ЩսʿɨеǣʵѾˣǳ࣬ǺͺԶֵһ
Ĭ
ᶨأ׷ڲɣ֪ʵԺ̬˸ı䣬ҲԨƶķɡ
ȻߣȻųԨôԴԣͻĽ־ûֱ
ݴ壬һֱԨ֣
һô꣡
ЩǿߣһΪƫԺκ
ûʼġºݼƻ̥ˣ



һǧŰٰʮ ׷
Ԩ֮ۡ
Ԩ뿪ú̴Ц˽Ŀռ֮ţֽðһӰ
кԶֵɣ氲ںϱԴߡ
һЩϰ츳ǷھޣҲܵ
ͨɽĹУɵһԴ֮š
Ϊ˴ݻԴ֮š褶λȡӳ೾ķ
Դ֮šȴء
˿̣۹лᦵĻ֮壬ŪЩˣ඼Ƚɣ֪ʲô
Ψһ֪ģ̴ЦѾһˡ
Ǻδ
氲ֿһۣڡšһ˳֣Ѫ⣬ͻȻˡ
ˣһͷڼ۵ԱߣվһЩꡣ
Щϴ·Ǿнӣ˸оܲ졣
ǣ翴ڹںݿʱԭʼ̬
Ԩ
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ͣһ£һҲ壬Ԩ壡
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壬һֱԨˣΪǵķԴء
ǰʵԨܣϸزһ飬Ԩ֪Щࡣ
ϡ
ǿߣҲˣ춼ûع
ҪʱֻȸǣǺԨĹϵķԴأһֱԨڶǹȥ
۽͡
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Զ˵Щֱ⣬̹˹Զʲô
Ԩڶаѹںڰʥ۵
Ǻ̴Ц죬ֵɣܷԶʵ
ҡҡͷ˵
ôԶü
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ЩΡ
Ԩһˣȸһ¡ŶˣԨǶܾգܸıѪǲǿı׶ˡ
ԨһӵбԴλ̥ǣ
ͻȻЦ
Ѿоˡ
氲֣ſ񱩶ҵע롣
ԺҪѪǣȻӿֳ˵Ļ
Ĺͷอڣİǿ

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壬壬ԭķ룬Ǩ츳ȥ򡣡
һԾȺ
·¶һСؽ°ͣɢʯĹ
һȦȦѤϼԣʺ֣;綾չ֡
غļλϣڱ̬ȣԼͬؾ
ɻͲˣҲûж
ߵǻȺͲŮʡѰϢϢأ긴ԺֶŮʵġ
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Чұ̹˹ˣŮǾȫ㡣
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֮Դ飬ôԨģ˵ڻĽ𣿡循С
Ԩй֮Դ飬˼ڽܴУǲ˵˼䵽Ԩ
飬ٴγʱǲŻ֪ʲô
ԨٶᣬԥƬ̣ڰ櫵ϣ㸸ס
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Ԩ֪ʲô
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ƲƲ죬мؿЩ׵ļһҸףܴаʥѣȥʲôã
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櫰Ŀ⣬Ԩϣ͵Ԩ֮ѺҸ׵ҵܽϵʥڣ㿴һһѶϢͬʱ
Ҳָͬ
ģ֧о׷㡣
ĵ˵



һǧŰٰʮ ں
ԵΪΡ
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С֪ױ̹˹磬ܼĴڡ
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λ䣬ܹԪܹΪ忪ٳϵҲ׵Ӱ
ĸףλ·ˣλʦ
׵УȴΪͬ·ˡ
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ڣȻܹӿһλλװࡣ
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Ϊֽӵмߵλİ櫣ֻǸִߡ
ִУλնµķ롣
һԼϻ۹˵İ櫣ӵħ꣬塣
ĿУΪ磬ԴʶǶڶ⣬ѳԽ˵λնߡ
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ڣ׵ħ䵽˴֮أڶаѹʥУŴһѶ
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Ԩ֪ʲôȰģԬ޷Դ㣬ո㣬ĨɱѪӡǡ
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ǣԺ½Ϊһ̣ԴѪޡѪ֮ѡ
뱾ԴףΪһνķߵĲǽݾڶطУΪѪ֮ûˣֻĽˡ
ԣԬ벢ûаʲôҲǷκζ

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ȻҲµֲƺƿ˵ؿǣǿðͷ
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ѿĵر϶ʱǿӿУֱӿ
ǿգն̨ĬĬ۲һӵԨúݷ·ںһ㡣
ǿܣȻ͸ſ񱩺ͻҡ
ԨϢζ



һǧŰٰʮ 
Ԩɫ
ںнʱǽǿԽھڲ־һγɴ壬壬еںݵѪɼ
ǰ㴿ߣҲӿ֡
壬ħԴ档
Զľߣ껷ƺݵĽʧˣʵǿܣ谭عй
ûϵԴǺ޴ڵڵĺݣȻҲķű仯
ãԨ£ˡ
ݷ·ںصĵԨȻĬĬתݣúݱúԨһ㡣
̫ãںݵЩǿߣܸоӵط籡Ҳֱɵġ
ȫ뵽Ѫǣǿ׳ͷѪ⣬ǿ
ԨܲǵĻͥСأתʽͬ塢ֱӴ塣
ԨʱӦ˲ܼ
ԺԶڴġꡱ֮ںһɱԴλʶһĲܼ󣬴˿̲ڣ½ء
ܼͣڣǸֻħԨӵӣſκһ̣ήٵߡ
ڳԪͨ־
ôʱ֮ԨͻȻ˲ܼĶ
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ۣڵĺҸ˭ģ
ΪΣҾ㡭ʱںݵģʱĳ
ܼ֮Ԩʶڷ
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Ԩ֣ڱӳ೾̫飬аѯĴ
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ҲܼܲĴڡ
ڲܼڵģǵģȴеϤӰӣĿǰݵ־һչ֡
˲ܼӦʱ򣬸Ǿ쵽ԼĴڡ
жԼͲܼľߣ

ǰ
Сˮ֮ƺĽڴɣһԲ·ûиڽӽԨն̨ͣס̫ʼԼǸʱ䣬ʮգǰҪ
ֵĺܿҲԵúԶ
ˣҲʱ
Ԩµն̨ҫ߲ʹâһȦȦռţѤǫ̃˲ġǺӶɿڡ
ȻֻħԨ
ں̻ᡰǺӶɿڡصڵߣ˲ն̨֮ϡ
˿̵ԨĿǰԴ磬û˭ƻն̨ġǺӶɿڡ
Ⱥάɪ˹аʥҲûóĿռƻն̨̾͵Ķɿڡ
ġ
ԥһ£͵ԼǸʱûǰǵ氲ˣڼ۵£ɽĿռ뿪ˡ
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Ԩʱ򣬼ʹ˫Ѵڶ棬Ҳûи
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Ԩһͷ΢Цɣһͬںߡ̫ʼûĴ½Ҳ˵顣
Ŷˣ̫ʼҲѴ˷ˡ
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ݱˣúǰһˣܶ쳣
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ǣλھڣҲڲúȥϯλĴɣΪԨ·
ˣ;һʱûͣһ
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ԨıֻھûнԪвʲô
һԨն̨ԶֳֳֽźأǾЩСˡ

ҩڣػɽ
еԨƬɫЩ廳˵ҺܶĻ䣬ȥŰɡ
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Թǰ·
Ԩ
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ݵĸأ˰죬˺һͬն̨
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ԯĶֻæʦ˵ҵռ֮·ڽ£ҶӦһԵġ
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ԵҲ޷
Ԩͷ֪Ŀⶢ
ǰĪ״ӻļˣûж˵ģʣһֻ˳ֹ
һɻѪ껯ĻˣڹʦڣˡԯӦ
£Ԩüһն̨£ºһְֻ˵棬



һǧŰٰʮ Դʹ
Ԩͻӣƥ͸
꣡
»Դһ˲ͱȼڻлΪҽ
ںݵص׵ǹɼףƺ뵽̽
֮ԽͻӣΪ֪׶Ѫһִͻһͬ룬ܷӳһЩ
ȼ˻ڻʱԨҲʶȤطֻĻܡ
۾Ȼһ
ʶص׻ԴĻǹɼ׵ķΧʱûһĲʸС
֮ڵµĻȼţܻڶУܹԻޱֱ۵Ŀ
ͻȻޱţΪڽ壬Ҳŵص׳䡣
ôһԽףֱܹ֮ģ
ӦھͿԣȥֱĵԴ꣬еνԨ
һΣǰںݵʱ֪ûָо
֪ǵĵǹɼףı˶Դ̬ȣΪ귢˱仯üȫ
һʶɵûӰȼŵĻš
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ȥܺݼ׵ĴڣҪŪԴ˵ļףǲҲԨ֮ʴˡ
Ҫ֪׵Դ䡣
ʱʶӰƺ֮ǣţһ
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ҪôͱϿɣⷽĴ´иΪһĪ״
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΢ʶĻ׻зͼԨע⣬Ԩܷһѡ
֪Ԩͺгͻ͵ĵ־Ҳгͻ
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ܼĳ磬ΪؼµĻ磬ǲдѪ롣
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ǴĪ״Ī״̤·Ī״δҪ̺ݱԴҲطеġ
ڣһĪ״Ļ飬һ׾Ǽܣǻһɻ˵׻ţҪԭҺôһ£
Ī״Ϊ֪ԭҺĴڣ
ɻ󣬺ȻӳͷԨûӦ
ԭҺܹڵڻΣҵ׾ǺѪอĪ״Ѷ
ԨûиӦ˼ţšԭҺ¡
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Ī״ͷѪ⣬ڣӡŻɵǣȻᱻ׸ĵļС
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һȫµģŵһԣһγɾ;߱еȺ塢ˡ
˵Դͷ·ļףǺݵĵ֮ף
ҪǰĪ״ԼġԭҺһֺϢϢأԶȺ
Ԩ
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ǿ̩̹̩̹飬кݵ塣
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ܻһȺһȺɳʢƺڵʹǵһֳɳʽ
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ԨĻʶջأ˲֮ףص˱
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츳Ϊ˵õԨĺøУӲǽߵλ͡



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ðͷȻǼ״˿ֳ̳̬ȡ
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޹ĻֺãԨǾһԭҺ
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ҪԭҺͳȥ
̬֮İ櫣һɫȼţԨǰ̬ȣǹɼҪȫȺΪħ塣ԭҺħǿվް㣬ֱӾ;߱Ŀܣ
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ԯ
ֲڻǳأЩӺݶߣԽ޲׾Ľڣǿ𾪵ؿǵǡ
ԯԸеĻ滷ţ˴˽Ļ
һȼŵǳȫж켣źƣƺܵ飬سλ÷ȥ

Ļ棬ѤõĻϪӣҲܵǣڵǳȥٲӰֱȥ
ǳУлɽǱŭҰް㣬籡
лԵޣǣľż㣬Ĵڶƣܰȥ
Щ޻淨ޣڰػѪ壬ԯǣҲɼĿ¸С
֪жˣԯǵǣĻ˵
ħŮ
Ѫսʿ˵ͼȥ
ЩսʿѪȼʲôΣֻǱһۣȼ̿ʬ
ʹȼȥ
ԯ֮ڻֱײ̩Խӽ
һֳֻܣһֳֻ浶ڻЩУһȦ޵еĹΣϢС
ʱ˿̣ʮѪߣǿվޣȥȻ
ͻȻĴ룬򼦷ɹʱѶϢȻ򴫵ݡ
λмͷǿվޣ֪ڻŰΪ
ԯԺݵǹɵ֮ף
߸ʱչУ߲ӳ೾ƽ񣬻ѳͷС
ʱ֮ӳ೾ż׵ĽӽƬ̵һ¡
һԾɫ̩ǣⲿǺӣǱأ޾ʱе飬һҳҳ
ÿһҳ𣬱һʱճ֡
ڶʱգصγɱʱҪµʱء
ʮʱգӳ೾ƿ£·ǻۣʴ׳䡣
һţ˶ĻǣȻʱպڶƾվʧˡ
ܵ׵ԴڻĻ棬ҺٲȼյĳӣҲǽصʱ£иļΪ顣
ԯףޱȴҵʱڣҲɢ
Ĳ֫壬ɢڲͬʱգ˼ʶҲָͬĺܿ
ǻﻹһ
ӳ೾üͷɲԯؼ淨Ļ˵׼
ӳ೾ⷬ˵ߵС˵ǸԨ
ƾڵġΪԨȻǾ񣬶ؿ
ἰʱ̩ǳ֣ʱ֮飬ɻвּǵĻ֮Դ֣ҲΪԨķԸ
Ǳ߾ʲô
̫ʼǱԼʱ䣬ǻûе𣿡
սѵѾʼ𣿡
̩ǵģһЩ̻ͨᡢڡŻڵĴޣ˽Ժ󣬽ѯʡ
ӳ೾ͷص̤ݵһ̣սѾˡ

־֮ء
Ԩɯܼ磬Ĭrɱ󣬻ò̫ˡ
λûѪ⣬Сһľ࣬ǻԲ˵£ϴ򣬻ڶħϢҲʵĹ
Ҳ

һ磬СɳڶԨа񣬸֧λãҵ˱·
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ħᣬڶħ۵ĸɺ߲ʺһ䡣
¡
һĹɢ󣬾ͼǧ磬ӶŵиŵħûʵĹꡣ
ڵصǰ櫰۾ĵħһ꣬ӭǵĩա
ħİ޴Ӵܵľڴֱ졣

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ȻǱߣԨǾ˵İ櫣ӰȻһ
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رһӵĺʯţͻȻ䳨
ѪĸߴӰվ˴⣬ݳȥħ꣬
ħڶĹ֮꣬رкš
һͨ磬ǹǵ࣬ںݴɱ䣬¾к׽ĹꡣסˣǸùȥˡ
ֻħԨͨҺն̨ľѶϡԨ
֪ˡ
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磬ŮʣԨᣬħǱҲȻС
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Щԥ
ʱԨ֮Ҳӹ̤һֻҪӳ೾ڣǱ߽ݻܿ졣
ŵͷ


ԴѰһԬͻûջ»ع飬ڷ

׻ɫ¹ʮ񣬼æ֪ʲô
ֻܣĪڰʧ类ĳֿռץߡ
Уһֱûܹ
µԬûûҵԬ룬һնɱԴپϣɫ
һָֻ
ѪҵķСǷʲô⣬ԬҽΪʮһǶᱻҸ
ﰲЩ
Ȼ¶뽲ı飬ʱ࣬ʵôˣ
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ҡҡͷ˵֮ѪԺ󣬾ͲҵˡڵңҪǷȺѪԭеӡѰҵĴ
֮ص䣬һܹӦܾǱߵ
ͷĻȫˣҲ͸ܲˡ
Ƶ˵
֪ʵ࣬ɱΪϷԺħᣬЩӵ꣬û̫С
˵ҵȻȥݣҪ֮ҪԨǾȵ



һǧŰپʮ ֮
ݡ
۱ǫû˻죬ʾ½ȽԶ㣬ҪԨĶԻ
ԴǸ衰סȨԨĬrĺ
Ťͷһ۱ӿĻ𺣡
ǵػɽ
صǹ־ڼǰʱͻȻٴβ
Ĺ֮壬ıһ˲䱻δ֪ѹȻ궼
ԨŴ͵׹ȥ㱻뵽ġ
סʱԨܵ˺ݵǸ־֮塣
׵մȾĻߣһںȻͻ
ڵԼ̫ʼ磬̫飬ֻҪǺݵ壬һ̣Ĳӡǡ
Դչ
Լı֮壬ء
ԴͷԴǵĲֹ̩̹֮ͨͷƵ̳ŤĬrĹ֮
ںݣطصƺӲӦ
ѹơ
Ǽ޿ֵԭǼ۵֮ڡ
Ȼˣôұ֮ͨϣ֮
վڼǰԨ˵ͷȻ־֮ضȥ
Ĺ֮ɶ֮ʣԨʼע
ڵĻ֮ܵػɽܷܿע뵽ʶ
ıʶǵ񣬽ӯ
ģĻ壬úϸĻҰ׾磬ġ֮·Ӧš
һչȻġ֮·½ϵ
һɣǿն̨ͺܸջͨ
ǣʮһ֮ն̨롣

ȼŵĵػɽ
ԯȱ뿪û¯ǵ¯û䣬ĿĻƣ¯˲ֱӡ
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ġ
׳صʶ֮ĻޣԨδŵĻ澫飬ʵʻĻ淨򣬴Ӱ˷ӿ
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ǰǸֻһ֡
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ͨϽ׵ԨֺʮΪһնĹС
ϽЯ̩̹Ѫҫļۣ½ȽߣɼĹԡ
ǵУƬȼŵĻ·ڻӵ
һٵأûΪϵ£ѵϽУĿڻէ֡
Ѫ죡
ԶԨ񣬽ʮһ뵽ľУ

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ǧޣԴֹĻ澫飬һЩ֪ĻԷΪ롣
ȼŵ𺣣ҲԨնΪ顣
ĳ쾧âϸ㣬Ԩڵľš
ԶȻ򣬻ûж񣬸ʱգʮһʹﵽն̨һƵ˼׵ķ
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ſռϼն̨ŴԨɯȥһ糺콣⣬;Ϊ֮ӣΪ顣
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ɯʱˡ
ۣԻֵɣ̴Ц죬Ԩˡ
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ξĺߣһʽնûʱѪرѣ껯ɢ
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ⷽΪأ֮Ｘ
յĿռ䣬˿̱־塢Թĸˡ
Щ֮ںߵĹֽȻֱ
һԴ
֪Ķˡ



һǧŰپʮ 
Ը̤˷·
ҴĹ̩̹֮꣬ͷǣԴͷġ̳ŵۻܵĽࡣ
Ͻɫļ̳ķ·һɱԴĵظֳҰĹ⡣
ЩҰĹ⣬һſǳ׺ڡ̳֮ϡ
ߵĹ֮꣬Ǽ̳ڲ磬һػҰĹ뵽壬ʱüЦҾ֪ǿԴ飡
һػҰĹڲȻǱԴͷģԴǶĻ
ڣһλסƶŽڵļûʧؼǵΪʱյЩ
ǲּ䣬͸ոջȡļһգ׷ʲô
ΪһסԴͷܹѰ̩̹ͷǣΪһ̳ƿغֻ֮أݵĵ־ࡣ
ļ̳ԴͷչֻʱԴͷĻԴǵķҲ˳Ƶؿӡڼ̳С
ݵǸ̳ͨΪһסԴͷԴ֪Ļӡ
ⲿֻ֮£߷ʱ֣Ĺ֮塣
Ǻݵ־Ķͣ
ķ񣬽̳ĴڣӡͷĻ߱Դͷ
ԨĹ֮㣬ԽͨĹӵСסĲ
лĺ񰮣
߾ӿǵĻܣǹڱԴںϣߵλ

вƵӯŻҺͿ񱩣Ҳ̳ע룬ıԴศɣ
ȻԨ֮
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ԨĹ֮ӵػɽԺ󣬱־֮طȥ
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ҵĻ棬ڶʧʷӵĻ澫飬һһ·ɵâڡ
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棬ǧǧĽ䣬ĥŹɡ콣󡱵ĽâԨѪ
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ܼѯʡ



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ԺɽǸͻȻͷųĹ⡣
һĨɫӰ񣬴ӼǳرһЩ
ܼ˼άʶò̫ᣬ̫Ѩָͷʱͣһ£˼⡣
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ಣ
ԨĹ֮壬Ӽ½Х̫ʼµǿͭ޹ףɫصأžֹĲܼ
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ܼججأͻȻ۾һؾС
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ƮȻڵЩǰ
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еģķԹһ̫Ƿָȫй˳
Ǿݸ߸ߵÿһÿһѪ⣬Ԩ˴߱˺ǿ൱Ѫ֮
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ҲԸԯܼǰ㡣ҲԸ׿ǰ㡣
ԨߣȻͣѪħĸ׸ϡ
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ص׵λܹҶԴ׿˰㣬ķʽԴҡ
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㱳ԼȺѡħΪ飬˺а࣡

Ӵصķ϶ӱѵĻɽЩû桰ԯ뿪ġ̫ˡһſС̫
ڵػɽİУڶգͷųʮ֮ǰĹȡ
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ƵԴǿȺеĺݣȻںԶԨִУǹ˼ĳ£ʼȼա



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ݵļף޴Ļ¯㣬ûŸ
ԴˣΪݵĶúݺХԽԽ졣
׵ĴڣɢԴڶǳһҵأ类˶ڷűҵܡ
ڲɼԴݵģúܺǿա
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صʱգ򰢵һħ꽵٣ԯֵӳ೾ľġСųĿǿ⡣
չʱУĿռӰ죬ҪԯնΪ顣
ȴͻȻͣ

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ֻǽһʶעԯڡ
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ǻ򡣡
Ԩţ̽ǿųǳץȥ
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ڽ֯ײյĲɢ
ڡԯ䣬װǿŻǳľʯѿǳϵС
ֱʣһ۽̶㣬ڡԯ֫



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Ǳ׳ֵ壬Ϊ淨ļףԯлطˡ
ԯţ̴Ц죬ֵɰľ
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櫵ħ꣬һ޵ɫħ£·ӵһʵʻħҪû򡣡
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ԨǾ͸Ө鲼Ѫȳһһֻ֣ԯĶͷȥ

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󶦵Ķڣڲԯͷüġ
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ôʱԨͻȻһ֣ԴѪԴǣӦĸܡ
ͬԴ磬ܵвԴѪԴǣ֪ݺĵ
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ץŻ浶ֻ֣³䣬Ի˺ǴǱŪһԲ
ԲڲдĿĻ磬Щҽ֭Һġػ֮š

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ΪǶԵġ
ֵɱ̬ȡ
ͬۺԶλԨںݣҪԴ



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ǰһӢˬأָͷ̬ļۣ˵˵ˣԨһ塣أȻԨǱߣָʹڶаþѺҵĸףôұ㡭
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˶ѤͨȻħܣЩħ๸ͨ𴦵Ķڶµʵʵ
лᦵأǰ櫵ħüţµ·

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һεأԽ뵽ԯѪǡ
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׻˱øǿܼҪǳڻ򣬶ȻҲ
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˪밵һ̣Ԩ֪ԴѪ½ļͰĹϵ
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Ĳ²ǶԵģԨ·ĺڰҲΪˣŻܺڰȾһ˺ڰϢ
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ҲǴֱʡ
֮ǰֹ˵ǿߣһλΪ֪ޡԴиڰɢȥļ򡣡
ϧҲ˶
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ڶǧʮ վ
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ڰƶ켣Ԩز׽ͨŲһЩĳ
ĺڰȻûӰ죬һյӨҫŰ
һɱԴߵļ˪ǹɼͣԴѪڸʤ
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Ԩ岻һôˣ氲˲ͻ
ˣԴף벻Ҫ׻ȥۺȻ󣬡ԴܵԪ񣬺ǿֱءԽǿҲԽǿɱȽߣûʲôӰ죬һҪԴ
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ܼͺߡ
Ƿ֮صĺߣһɱԴΪ񣬱ȴŲܼԵüľнСġ
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ڲܼıֱӲܼıӰһֱͷ
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ڻУԹ֮ɱԴԨܼʱ֡
ն̨ıһëȻĸоʱٴС
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ԨҲͻȻˣ֮ǫɲǶԴڵĲܼ󣬲ǶԴͽ
ߵǫ;нǶԺݵλĵߡ
ԨԴꡣ
һʶע뵽˲ܼԺԲܼλ֣ǴӺ֮˳
ԨȾ˺Դ꣬Դ磬ʳԴʽ¶ͷˡ
ƺΪԨҪٵɱԴŴ̼
Բܼ۾Ԩ
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ԨʶǱڵĻ߹ţҷļƺҪѿ
Ԩʱ͡
쳣ڻ񣬻Ĺ֮
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ľȻ齩ӲǱ˼
Ȱ˵ŵļۣһӣȻһ
ˣûˡ
۹ԴԨ̬ȣ纫߶Դܼ󡱡

ڻУһֱԨŵɱԴָɡ
ûе췴ӦԴ磬뵽ǵüġ
һɱԴͺλʼڡ
Զһ־ŲݿܵϣԹԷӡ
ĵϣ类񱩴ӳֵɳ̣һӾͱˣʧȥ˶ԼĿơ

죡
̫ʼ̫λûоԨ״ȱס
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貶ĿĽУűԨǳըԺΪһƬʯ
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ǳѤõϼ⣬ڲڴС
ݣ
վˣ
лǿߣϤǳ֣ʧֽС
ƫƫԨûκεľٶ·𿴲Хкݡ



ڶǧʮ ݽ
˺һ϶ǿšҫǡ˿
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⾹Ȼȼ۵ʱݵҪѸ౶
źݵĽӽ̫ʼŮʰǿߣתͨȥֻƺݵѤϼ⣬ƺն̨
ԨִƣǺӵǿһȫµҫڣݾ߱˴յ
ն̨͡ҫǡһֱŸӦڱǺӸ֪ҫǡ
ҲǽԿףɴӦԨ
һĪߣڻеԨϣȴԨǱŴ㶺ľȻ
Ԩһյʶң޷нĸо
죬ѿʼͱԴںϣλƺܵĳʹŵɷħС
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Ԩ߶ն̨ݽ򣡡
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лǿƮҡ
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ˣšЦſο氲㣬ʵѣҲӵһϯˡ
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䣡
ȼŵǿźݣ仰ȻǺӣһ޴Ŀռѷ죬Ȼٵ˻



ڶǧʮ Ըѣ
ݽٻ
һأЮ棬Ѥò⣬·ǿյľͷһԾԴء
䣡¡¡
ڶǳ磬ĵִĪ𶯡
ǿ˶ģɫ̩ǣҲ͵һ
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ݵķ򣬺ͱ鲼ĵײ໥ںϡ
ԣЩԺݵߣֻҪбԴߣֱ۸ܡ

ںݵĽ٣ǰѵľ޴ռѷ죬Ѹ
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ԨЩֲаսɯ൱ĴڣԨǿߣһȥ
صȻĽԴݣΪԨء
ǳıߣҲʼٸߡ

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Ƚػɽ¯һɽڡ
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ԯɱ䣬ħʼĲҪĻӴ
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ˣԸ𣿡
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һֵĻΪԨ˷һֱٻԸȥݵԨѡ
ʮһԨһǣͻȻ׹ݡ
ݣ
ŵػɽһѿĵط죬ʮһԨôȥ



ڶǧʮ 쳣
𣬱Ԩȷܾ˺ݵ־Ͻع顣
ԨԸصף״Ƭ𺣣ȥ
ΪĪ״ԱԨؾ
ԶԱԴΪۣͼ˵ԨܹλߣȡԨĹ
ԨǾܾˡ
Ԩ񲻹飬˫˺ƤֵĸԴڡ
Ȼڣ˽һ̣Ԩ߱ȵǿѾﵽʮһ׵Ļݵĵȥȥݵĵ־
˺ȻһָоڱԨܾԺ󣬲ϧǺӣԺݽٵԨ
ԸԨվδܿȥ˵
Ԩʮһһѿķ϶ȥʱܸоݵµĸ£Ȼ
ؼµǹɻ棬Ԩĵ󿪷֮ţֱܳ롣
ص׵룬ɫͺľȻģԨǾ߹֮壬ͫйâ˸һػָԡ
Ǿ߶ն̨ıȴǵʹͷƲݡ
ûκ֪ı˼ʲô⡣

һŹΰֳһƬƬĹףšҫǡһѨȥ
ʥҫսŵأ
ŵ򣡡
غĽ
˰ȵλǿߣǰ֪ںεأۼľƲֵ֪˼쳣źȻ
ŵصȻͨҫǡĶѨ룬ع
õϢ˼Ԩ֮ѣԨ߲ܹ֮ԴĴС
ɹ֮Դ飬ȻһֱԨ߲½أǿ˼ǺԨΪ飿
ŵزڻ򣬱뾲䣬ͨŪ˼û뵽
ڣںͺԶ۵Ĺϵ岻Ըȥˡ
Ҫðճһ£ȼյĶѨѻصҫټ£ûıȡ峤λá
ȻЦҡҡͷ˵Ѱ·
һ䣬ʥҫսŵؽĶѨڣȼŵĻرŨ
ĶѨڣҲ˵Ļ棬Ѹٱˡ
ЩѨĻ棬ӱ𴦻۵ŵҪǸǸѨڵ˲䱩ǰٱ
ǣŵصƣزˡ
ŵصжϳˣԭоܣܹˣǿԻ뿪ȴĻۣٱļӳ֣ڻڣױյѿѪҲȼ
Ĳҽŵس˻ҽѸʧڶѨڡ
еһѨĻ棬ַɢ¾ȵ˸Ѩ
ŵ룬Ҳе뷨ЩսʿϢģ롣
úðؿȥѵ𣿡΢Ц
Ԩòһ£εվߴ͸̩ǵĽڣڱ߲ӳ೾ʱչš
ţĿǰΨһܹ绥ͨĴ
˿ԣлڣвپżľ̻ͨڡŻڵĲˡ
۵Ŀ⿴Ѥõʱ֮ţͻȻꡱؿռҡ
Ҳһ˵
Ӻٴη룬̩ǷŶʵڻ򣬲Ҫ뿪
ԨĹ֣ӳ೾沿һͻȻʱ֮ŵĸӦ۵һ仰жˡ
ɼۣûʱ֮쳣
ӳ೾֪ǻײշںݵĵִݵŤӰ죬Ӷʱ֮Ҳܿơ
䣡
һ޴ʯ̩ǵһڣȻ
Ŵ棬̫ǰҲʶ
֣ý࣬ʣ䱣л꿰΢΢ɫ
ǵļУ̫һѪħĴħ󣬾ٶʯ
ݵʱ򣬻Ǻʱʯʱ򣬾̫ʱԪ
Ȼʯδ֣Ƕ֪ȥ˺δûϵ̩ǡ
˿̣Ӵʯһ㣬ʱ֮ţƼ縺ſʱ֮ŵΡ
ɵǣһ棬˻ڣһͷͷľż
º͵һ棬ȴ̻ͨᡢڡŻڵˡ
һߣޡܵ˺ѸУʶҪԶ
ʯзӡͭǮЩ̷ɽĺ壬º͵һ棬ѭѭյ
Щھޣʱ꣬ϼı鶼ûˡ
ס
ͺ
ŻڵͣɫƽԺȴޱȡ
ؼǵãһֱĽ
᳤ڵĳﻮǺѰ׹䵽˺ݵĻںϡ
ڴʱ֪жĽڽ׼֮ںϽ¾
аƺԶֻǽȺ͵һ棬ָԨһˡ
ͺ֪ԭĹϵԨڲн꣬ͼȥԨ
˭Ҳ֪׷ʲôа̬ȻתԨ˳Ĳˡ
ѵΪ񵱳ͷˣԨڵ̫ת
͸оѽ⡣

ԨĹ֮壬ҲȻʱ֮ţͫתڷţҪָѡ
ʱ֮ŵ˫ʯĵǶȣºһ
ʯ¶η֮ɫͻȻӵǻۣȻԨĹ֮ҡͷԨҪ뿪
ˡ
۵ڽ⴫߿տĹ֮塣
̫飬ôĹûжģʵΪ񡣻Ϊ̫һֱǱĬأĹȾ̫顣
ѵĲǵˣ
ⷬ˵꣬۵ȺƬ̣Ԩû̫෴Ӧ
ǼȣķڿԽˡ
аʹ棬޴ޱȵʯº͵һ棬Ȼԡ
ҴԨԨа֮һͰɪ˹һֻǰԴ磬֪Ժұѡ㣬Զࡣ
ΰԨ֮һֱڵȴĻع飬ȴѡ
ʯԨΰݡ
缫֮ǰԨ֮ǰҲԵ



ڶǧʮһ Сϸ
Խ͵аԭһֱǻۺԣֻͰɪ˹һԨԴӲȥ֡
ԨʱȴŴչº͵һ档
ʱʯ֮ԨĹ֮ݣ϶ǫ
ƺԨ̫ˣնߣΰԨ֮
ƺȺԨĻع飬ѵǧꡣ
ԨȺ·ڴԨѣȻԨ֮ݣٹ䵽ԨԴ磬ǻĽ磡
ԨľȼۻҪţҪϵĶࡣ
һЩ飬еľ
ѵ˵ԨĽԨ
¡
ͻȻ䣬ʱ֮ſʼ𵴣ɢ⡣
ĳײʱ֮ڣҪǿм̩֡
ԨĹ֮ʱ֮ţͫĹۡ
ݣ
һ󣬹Ĭrɵ̩ǣŹŹֵʱ֮ţᵽǱߵϢԨҪ̤硣
λ
廰
λѪŮ쵽ʱ֮ŵУкƵѪܣڸԨеԴѪ
ԴǣԴѪ˽λصĳڣҲо˻𶯣ͼǵӰɢ
۳ƺΪķģԨа񣬴ӹݵ̬վ
ˡ
һڱԴƮŶ˲뵽ʯڲʯΪɫ
Ӵʯ񣬲ʷ˸ı䣬ͻа
ЩӡʯڵģһĽۣǹڱԴע룬ʱʻε
ۣԺݵط򣬳һĵ硣

ŨɫƣƮ̺񱩶ҵԨϢʱ֮Żס
ͣ
̩ޱŨɫһӴͱѸת
䣡¡
̩ǵĴ𶯣ѤڣҲȾź־ʴ
Упؾ֣Ťŷ
̩ϵЩעǳ춯ˣʱһ¡
Դ飬׷˹Χƻ򶷷
ǿͣõĺݣûлļӳֵȼҲ̩Ƿ
һ˵עȻ˺ݡ
氲󣬺ԶߣЩԺݵߣںϷ
ΨֵɣֿտյأվƯյĽ֮ϡ
ȻҲźݣҲ̩ǲϿ
ֵ壬ҲбԴںԪ񣬺־ּ⴫ݣֵҲ޷ΥֻܹԹӡ
ݵĽӽʹŨŨԨϵɢݡ
ܼ󡱾½أԺûпڡ
Զ氲󣬰۰ߣƺûֱܺӽԻ
ֻ˼ʶָʾܹͨԴ֡
ˣЩʲôЩ߶һʱ֪
ԶڵߣֻԹԹԷӼɡ
ɣΥ棬ɺҲ²⡣
ΪԶ˵˼룬ԴӦȫ֪
ǴŦ֮Դͷ
󣬸ĺԶнѽ⡣
Զ׽һСϸڡ
ڲܼϵ˫ɫӣκϣĮ
ΨԨն̨ʱԵùŹ֡
ŻᣬһЩĹ
ǹƺ׷䣬пвɡ
ԣֻжԴԨǲͬģԨκ
Զ۶ȻдƩʯǸΪķԨаƩһֱƺԨΪԨ֮
ͻȻԶԲܼ۾档
λСһһֱûб̬ǿվޣĿӡ
һĹâִȼʲô
淢һͺ
̬棬Ȼԭʼľ̬ľ֮ڣɫ绺ɡ
Ԩ౬ƬƬۼף·ſ˿ڡ
ǣŨǿܣۼ׷϶ڽ
ΪԨľޣԨΪĥⷽУԾ֮ӡǡ
ЩӡǣԺ󣬱Ŵ
濪ʼûݰתԨϢѪͷ޻꣬Ҳ˶ı䡣
ţʺԨ̬ܱ䡣
ͷԨᣬΪɱ䣬ǰ㣬Ӵ˱ΪԨ顣
ĸı䣬ҲֱӰˣʮѪǿߣٴοݵʱ򣬾Ȼޱȵ˳ۡ
壬ǺͺĳѪŦ

ɷħеȻӶСȥһס󶦵Ҳ̩ǡ
ڣڵλںͱԴںϡ
ѾΪħӵһɱԴ
ԺУŴļ䣬ǹıԴǿһһӦʲô
ԣҲ̩ǣҲʱ֮š



ڶǧʮ ںδ
ˡ
һ󣬱㽫ɷħڽ´ء
̫ʼ̫飬죬λֱںһɱԴӶ̤ʱ֮Χס
ĴںϱԴٶȣ̫̫ࡣ
ǱǾԪǿߣѴ֮λҳ⣬ȫйںϱԴľ顣
̫ʼ̫飬죬Ʒڼ䣬ӵбԴߡ
ǲǻعˡ
ЩһɱԴͼۣаʯ㣬һͬػʱ֮ţֹƽ
泯ʱ֮ţˣɢݵϢҲһԨζ
ǣܸ˿ǵĻع顣Ȼ
ľżЩޣһĻˡ
磬͡ʯھ뢣ɫأЩǵıӰҲ֪úȥδӡ
磬Ԩڽɱ䣬ҪЩʲôȻ⽣֮
ɬɽں½أն̨Ԩϡ
㣬˭ĵѯʡ

Ůֳͷ۵Ρ뷨࣬һֻɫչᣬ¡ѰȻݶ
Ԩ
صһ죬һİƣȼŵĻ֮棬ݵĴ
޾Ѫܣ˰صķУݵķȻһͣ
Բܼ壬ֵһۡ
֮ϣֵּ⣬ͷ
һ̣
һ齣񽣣ݵĽߺХܻ貵ĽⳤӣѸٵؽ֯һ
ֳط࣬͵ǿվ֮һ˽С
Ůʣǰֻ򣬽ֵɽһ𹲴Сء
ڣԽкӦǧ齣񽣣ǧҫĽ⣬ɷ˵Ľ
һʽ콣
ֵһĶãһȥǧ⣬ֻд롰족֣Щ񽣺齣Ϊеķʽ
ǽеЩ飬Ӧ˼¡
ǱԪ֮ӰЩ齣񽣡
ˣھ˾£ħǱ׿ˣиЩʮѪսʿ
ӳ೾򡣬ͷС
ı죬ΪԨǾ񣬳䵽صͨԨʮһ񣬺ݵص׵ǶѪСԴѪԨĶƽ⣬ӶȾ档
һȻͷС޲ף͹꣬γһСȺ塣
ǿűֵɵԪ֮ߵ򽣣ΧŮʣԥҪҪԮ֡
ΣλŮʣǿվһԱݺĵЩ޻֪ġ
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ͷϽǣһϽۣ͸ŰϢСԨն̨Ǿ壬૵غɺݵ壬ȥ¾Ĳ㻹ˡ
ܹ֪ʲô

Ѫħĸ׿ˣȻһ飬ָŶն̨֮ϵģԨı
һֱʹ˶ƲݵԨͻȻ˶
Ԩһֻ֣뵽ü·أüڿʲô
üĵƤѿֲϵۣ뵽Լͷϲʹ࣬·þ

һɫڴԼüģʶڣ˳
һɺݵıԴ
Ҳ֪ʲôʱɺݵıԴ뵽ʶǿƶҪΪߣһɱ䡣
еļ䡣
ܼ󡱵ĳĬǸ㹻ʱ䣬ͱԴںϣܹٴԪ
ԡܼ˵ԨԪ񣬲ʵĳ֮
ܼ󡱲ʱһðˡ
ΪǹɱԴڡܼ󡱴ӻзɳԺ֮뵽ıʶͻȻľȻͣʧ˻ǡ
ԴһԨָ߱ɡ
֮Ĺ֮壬Ҳٴӵʶ
Ҳڴ˿̣ն̨ϵıɵͷ¡
꣡
µĴأϢѿһͨصĵĿ¶·ڻӭǰ
ܼƮȻվһָǸѿĿӡ
Ǻÿ͵ˣ˴ţȥӭһ
ܼĬȻʾȥˡ
Ԩͷն̨һ롣
һ뿪Ӿϣûܹ䡣
û׵Χأûκε⣬Ԩıͨն̨հأڵĸӦ͵ڡ
ݵģгɫ׾γһڵҽ̶
ؼµĻ棬·׾γɵĻˮ̶Уѵ״̬ʱܹһ
ˮ̶ײж׸ţû¶
Ԩʮһ񣬻ıˮ̶Աߡ
ܣͱ壬һ޴ģӨ͸ˮ
ˮ߲⡣
ÿһ⣬ܻһĴ򣬴أ׵磬ľˮռ䣬ڰ綾ǳ
Ԩ֪ģ֪ķӡˮڡ

̸ڻˮ̶棬ضȥ̶׸¶
̶ףɫƺڻɡ
ɫƺΪݵĵִΪݵķȾŻΪն˸ģڻİأӶӿֳµĳ
ǱԴ
ݣɹٵŴıԴ
ԤǣҪ˶ãЩԴܵԪ
ںδ
Ԩһѯʡ
ˮݵ࣬ҽ̶ڵĳһ棬ӦǼס
ǣԨԴ꣬ûеһۿԾΡ

ԯ¯ף̤Żһվط
׵ʶʱԯڣԯ֮¡
һֱС
ԯ쿪˵
Ԩ׵仰ڲͬĵطȻ
ݵĵ־ԨԴ꣬һֱڣѹţ



ڶǧʮ ΰԨ֮
Ԩ޾ĺڰС
ħ̴ЦţһãĹǰ
ԨĽľ
ڸĺڰ·֦ɺͱԴһɫһƬƬҶӣѰһΣ˰Ȼ
ϣ۰Ƥ˸źɫı󣬿žͼ
ÿһƬҶӣľˣһС硣
̴Цһۿȥ֪֦ϵһЩҶԨ߲㣬ʮĿ½صԭϡ
ԨľܹҶʵСء
̴Ц֦߮ϵģһƬƬСһҶӣûںڰУʳŨĺڰ
ЩСŵҶӣһ㹻ĺڰͱΪɫ
Ҷӣ뿪ùϵľһӨĹĻϡ
ôҶӣűӨĻϣҶڵĺڰƺ͸˱ӨĹĻ͸һߡ
򡣡
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ǧƬҶӣеڹĻϣеĽڰɢԺַɻصǿԨľ
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ԨľһƬƬҶӣڰ󣬸ǱӨĹĻϣڰԴİע롣
ƺΨͨԨľҶӣʵִ¡
ѹˣԴеİУ˵ô˴ĺڰҵڰʱҲĴѰһϧûջ񡣡
ԭȻԨĺڰַͨʽ͸
ݣ
ӴԨľһ֦ɳì̴Ц棬͵شûбڰҶǵĹĻ
һܶǳص֦ɣͻըѵı⡣
ںڰĽľ·ķʽ̴Ц죬ǰ򼫺ĻƵġ
ǰУ̴Ц죬Ȼûˡ

ͻȻ޴ޱȵĽľڣƤ£ҫ׵縡֡
ڽľڵģɯصԴ飬չĴڡ
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ŶɯаˡУҪûȱٵĲ֣ǶԴ磬ڱħ񱴶̹˹ĵط
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ܼ򵥵ģֻҪңƿļ磬ȫƿذ򡣻УҪڽ֧ңǼۣаʥĿߡ
ܸоλаʥĿߣʵ˵ġ
˭̴Ц춼᳼ҪΪԨˣΪڰеףͳеа񣡡
̴Ц쳩طЦںڰв죬ǱӨļĻȥ
޾ĺڰͻȻУۡ
̼䣬õĺڰǿԨľǧܺ͡
գ̴Ц컯һڰײͨĹĻ

ıӨĻһ͵ĲֲڰײֳѺۡ
䣡
ͻȻͬԺڰаʥڴ֮ط𶯡
ڴ֮صģа񺡹Ǵʥεŷ·Ҫ
аʥ쳣̴Ц죬ҲǿԨľеԴ龪
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ڵңѾ궼Ҫǿƾʲô
ʹڰԴ飬Ҳ̴Ц죬ȥԹˣ

Ԩľ֦޷һƬƬ޴Ҷɳɳ˵ʲô
̴ЦϽ˼˼¡
Ƭ̺λħǿߣõڰصǿ˸ԺŹִ˵ҲУ
ٴλһڰһδεأȥײͨļϡ
ڣڲ֪ٴγײΪԴһǿսıӨ磬ʮһħ̴Ц죬ƶĳѡ

̴Ц촩͸ѿϣһ밵򣬹Цֻˣ
Ҫڰ򣬴ҵĺڰ
֮ǿӴԨľڶ֦ɻǹì˳̴Цƿѷ죬ǱӨĽ綴
ܿ죬ԴĽľкԴҲȥ˰

ݣ
ӭĹ
׸ԯħ֮Ԩı΢΢һԨ뿪ͷ̩̹սԶĻǻʤǷ
̩̹ˣȴšΪ㣬ںأԴ繥
ң֮壬õԴѪȫ塣ͷ̩̹磬Ҳ㡣
ΰԨ֮ѵõҪһУѴȫʤ
ԣȫˡ
׻˵
ԨⷬĪľ

ĽģɫļƺҲ𲻵ãһصϢɢʶ
ܼԺ˭˭ںԴѵԨͷȴڼС
֪ģԴꡣ
ԨǹԴ꣬һֱͼһ֮ǰӰ˺ݵǹԴ꣬Ť˼ԡ
ݵԴ꣬ΪԼǴԨΪԼ鶼ǶԵġ



ڶǧʮ 
ԯ֮ʱâԨԺӿ֡
ಣಣ
һƼűãγֱ۵Ļ棬չĸ֪
ԨΪ֮ǣЩӿֵļӰ񣬾ȻȫԨأ
ңкܶļ䳡УԨһƬڰûйԴҫ
Ԩ
˼䣬ȻԺ˵ʲô
˵Ԩ˺ܾã
Ԩײ㣬Ԩ߲㣬һؾһһݵȥֱԨ֮ۡ
ԨĹǱġ
ԨͨԺֵļ仭棬ҲʵʱطӦ͹֮塣
ǾʮһڻУȻҲ֪ԴѪ
֮壬Ҳ޷λá
䣬ֱӰ͹֮֮΢΢𶯡
ݵġϡԯļײٽһͷԨԺڵļڸգĽ߽⣬׸
֪ԨܹԼһС
ˮ̵ĺۼͻ֣ӡԨѪƱˮӡ
ӿĳӵײµڱԴɡ
ɶĺݣ˿̩ͣǰĺܽ
ЩǿߣԶߣ氲ֻŲܼӰûκξٶ
Ƕڵȴȴźݵ־ڵصԨĽ
Ҳڴ֪ԨıԺ󣬽ڽεľޱ䣬ʲôĺ

̩ǡ
𵴵ʱ֮ԣɢڶǿߣڵλ£壬Ǳ磬һߡ
Сľ⣬ǿսʿ̻ᡢڵĴޣȫ̩ǡ
˿̣ԨĹ֮еԽԡ
Ԩ񣬺ıȫݵԺ󣬴ѡ˰֡
ҪġʥҫսŵأѾۣŮʱߵڶ񽣡齣ʱס
棬ڵְ㣬Ԩɱ䡣
̫ʼ̫顢죬ĴںϱԴԺ󣬺һźͨʱ֮š
ʱĻ̻̣ڵȺ˵
ˣڻˡ
۲ȻһЦЩĿ£ԨĹ֮
ԨǱߣ֪߲źһʱ𾪹һֱ̽ѰࡣͨԶŵ伮һЩżڵ֣ҷֵ¡
ԨǱߣڸϵ鼮УҶһԨ
ԨԨǱ˵Ԩ̫ʧĵط̫׹䵽ԨԺҲᱻڰûͷŲһ
Ԩͷ壬ϵЩȺǰƺԨͽԨ
ˣԨָ֣ľԨ
һ˵
Χʱ֮ŵڶǿһϯĬһɫ죬鸴ӡ
Ԩ֣Ԩ
Ԩڵ壬ƺԨͽԨ
ôԨ
ҴӰɪ˹ķ˳ҵаʥȥλػߡػߵĿУ֪ʲô
ǺǣԹԵЦаʥػߣȷظңԨ֮Ԩ֣ҲԨ˵ɲɣ
֮ԴҷԨΪԨλǿȻԨ
ۺȻͣ¡
𾪵Ŀ⣬Ԩ߹֮е˼
ʱԨ֮ͨӿֵļ䣬ȻһĻĻԨصĻ档
ԨΪȻã˵Ŀܾʵ
Ԩ֮ԨǱߵ壬ҲǿЩа
ˣӡԶ޴εظ
۸̾ѣ͵ΪԨʱ귽裬ʵѳԽڵĴħ񱴶̹˹ԨˣǵõԨԴ긳ȫߣҲ̩̹Ķ֡
ͷԴϵ̩̹ҲԨش㿴ˣʵһֱš㣬ںԺٴοٳݵʢ
Ѵˣ־֣
С΢΢ͷ˵аʥػ˵̩̹սʵǳһ⡣͵λ̩̹սʱƺصķ硣壬ҾͲ̫ˡ
Ϊ漰ԨԴ꣬ǣȥ˵
ͣ
üģͫڣͻɫ
ɫһʹ·ɢˣܿƵصͺһͱýԴǣҲԴꡣ
бԴԺ˿̵һһУԺӿֵĲ뷨ᱻԴ궴
Դ꣬ոССسһ£еҪԴǲ
ΪһЩ뷨ðĵߣôԨԴ겻ˡ

Ԩ
ں¡¡Ĵ֮أޱ׳аʥ޴½طҡͼ뿪óû硣
а񺡹ǴĵڲͻȻƾնһӣͰڷڵõ롣
һ֣оӿڵڵа񣬶˹ǿյûȥӡ
֪ΪΣǿӵǣ־һˣǧǰ档
ˣǵԨ֮Ϊ̩̹ս䡣
ԨǸԴ꣬ĵߣ˵Ҳ˱̩̹˳ȥӴѶûгֹ

һõӰͻȻϸ֣޾ǿյͶӰ
ϵļλа񣬿ŽֵӰӣȥֱţԺз·Ҳбļ䣬аʥѡ
Ԩ֮
Ԩ



ڶǧʮ ֮
аʥ룬յƾֵӰӣȻԨ
Ԩ֮Ԩ
λѪ˥أȴ쳣Ӵа񣬳ڵӰߵݡ
˳аǵУЩֻ絼ʦ㣬ȥ̵а
⼸λԨصزԵаĵͫУǼڴ
ħ񱴶̹˹аѰ̹˹䡣
λػߵ£ṩǻۺͼƲߣһ̹˹ħ꣬Ľֺá
֪˶ͷЩа񣬼ԨӰ֣֤ʵǵĲ²⡣
ԨԨ֮
ǰãԨΪ۵룬Աⷽڰ֮ء
ǸʱǾ쵽ڰлܵ쳣Ԩ˳ػߵ𾴣;ԨԨйء
ǵĲ²⣬ػȻûи֤ʵҲûϣа𾪲ѡ
ǣԨڴ֮أվаʥǰ
ųʱڶаԨĿ⣬͸𾴺ǫ
ڣаĲ²⣬ڱ֤ʵˡ
аӰаߣߣһӵڵʯ̤
Щǧɵа񣬿ǲԾ޴ӣ궼ǣֻһͶӰԨ˽
û뵽Ȼ
Ԩ̩̹֮ͨȥԴ磬ҽҲˡԴĺݣԨѿ֦쵽Դĸ硣
Ͼ尡ˣԵȺ
аǷ׷׸̾
ԨˣΪԨλãҲػ߹϶ڵ쳹
а̧ͷһһâ͸õ񷶥
âУԨӰ֡
ڵԨԭţվŵģ˼ʲô⣬üԨɫӡǣת
ʱаǺȻʶڰʥѾԨײ㡣
ĹâԨ߲ǿ½أ½ڲС֮Դ顱ڣҫһԨ

һīʯУθߴĺ˱̹˹ڶཻ֯ķڣаĻܷ£ҲֳӰ
ػߣ
һڽʯڣ縺ѹ̹˹εаͷ
ѹɽǵҪѹס̹˹
޷
Ӱλػ˵
еаʱһûзʩҲñ̹˹ħ꣬õƬ̵Ͼ
壬ɱı̹˹Ҳڣ·˼Ԩ
Ҿ֪
̹˹ٺٴЦ
Ǵʲôʱ֪ģػߺȻѯʡ
ԨεܶƾɵĹż֪λԨ֮ԭͽԨԨԨЩȺԨĳƺ
̹˹ΪѣȻûΪɥȻԨԨ벻ڵԨǵԨ֮
ħִЦԵ⣬٣Ҳǲߡоҽ̵Ԩ֮Ҹе֮
㣬ȥƻػߡ
ƻ󣿡
̹˹ҡͷɫӵ˵ҲҵԴ磬ҵõԴĴк󣬴δš
ִ̩̹ʱй֮սⲻ⡣
֮һЩ꣬Ҳָңȫ뷨¡
Щ£Υұĵģûܡ
ͣһ£̹˹̹Ȼ˵ҲԨΪҺȻ֣ԨڷأһδεΥ汾Դ
⣬ȫȫ߸ҵ˼͹Ҿѡ
ǸʱҾ֪սߣʵԼ
Ԩ֪֪࣬λԨ֮ͻȻ֪ԭ
̹˹ʯڵ¶⣬ȣΥԴ飬Ҷԣ治顣
ͼȥԴ飬Դ
ȻʧˣôȥҲȷȥˡ
ԣұ̹˹·ˣΪָһ·
̹˹૵˵
ͬǱԴ͵ģʮһǿڣಽأԺԴ£ӲΥ
Ԩ̩̹һԨԴΪʮһԨԴ꣡
յõı̹˹Ҳ̾ѡ
ҲΪˣԨٴҪаʥʱŷţѡ
ĵϣԨλͬҪԨԴūۡ
ޱȵϣ·ܹɹܹԴƺ⡣
ڣԨͶӰڵӣԨ˿̵ı飬̹˹ҲΪ֮ɥ
֪ʱ˿̵Ԩѵ˺ݵĵġ
ԨǸԴ꣬ͨȾݵԴ꣬ףԴͷͨڶͨһɹɵıԴǿĲ˼顣
УֽǿԴ꣬Ǹ
һԨܹܹ
ʹԴѪԴǵĲֺ͸Ԥ̹˹Ҳϣã


εصԨľһƬƬ޴Ҷڹǿա
ЩҶڰǳ֮ϣ纣ˮ㣬ȡǳڵתҶ档
Ҷһ½أϷɽˮ㣬Ȼ
ľķʽ찵򣬽ƿص硣
̴Ц죡
ķ
Ȼ˰򣿺Ǻǣ
̴ЦعЦһЦһߵͷһ̬֮ܿż档
ջ񣡡
ͣԺ̴Ц컹ͷԳһīд
ãһ򾡣ʡҷѹѰҡ
̴Ц϶Цݡ



ڶǧʮ 

ıԭƮѩɭݼš
ŴԺīŰļΡĺɽ͡
еļصɭƮѩīڷīơ
īյһδεչ֣ȴʼղʵ֡
ڵ
ֻ˷Ժ󣬷ڰõɳ˲ٰļأΪѪ
е纮㻺죬չء
һ䣬ϰļҪ˺ѱڱε񷡣
ɫ񷣬űĴ͸ûѿļ
̴ЦĹֽͻȻԽɫĻ뵽ڲЩǿЦ
£̬֮Ԭ룬ԺݴͷԳҴŵ˹
ǵĶ棬֮ڰա
ޱ޼ʵɫܣɫӿװعıԭȥͫ
̴Ц֣ɱڳģ
Ԭдһ
Ԭķŵ˹ͱˣһӲ
Ҳ֪һ߷ѣԬ˵˽ǡ
ԬڻĽܹ¼̫Ӱ졣
ԬķУ̺ԬѪУͷԳеġԴ׳
һԬѪսʱһЩƺ͵
ԭܣѷԬڵıԭû뵽̴ЦͻȻðͷ
̴Ц졣
ֳͫء
̴Ц졢ڰսʱ̴Ц졢֣ϲŮʣҲɱӡ
ʱ̴Ц죬ûбΪͬȼĶ֣ѷɫһ
ڣ̴Ц͸ϢͰ޾ڰΪһ塣
̴Ц簵ĺڰ֮Ϣأţʱˡ
ĺһ뵽һ£ʵǴԨ
ԨԳɫһ䣬æʾԬСģȵ̴Ц죬Ѿ
ԬЦҡҡͷʾؽš
ںݵʱһֱѹҺֵһͷأǴģϴΰսҾòʹ졣
̴ЦЦţԬӿȥܣһִֻȥ
¡
ʮͺڰӿĺڰȻɡ
һŵڰĹͻȻ·ܹסıԭ
ɫܣ˾޴ĿǱԭļӲأҲڰ䴩

ӿĺڰע뵽ԭ硣
¶ˣǴԨ·ĺڰкͺڰصķأѾȫҲ͸ԨĺڰԴ飬ĺڰУһʮһ
̴Ц̬¶
ĺڰЦɣı

һƬƬҶӦ̴Ц죬Ԩľķ
Ҷȡźڰõ̴Цħפ˹ϵĺڰħſ
ڰħҲ̴ЦıУ̴Цħ֮ƾ춯ء
ڰԵĿںܵҪȫֻ
̴Ц֪ԬֻһѪû⣬Ŀעʼͣŵϡ
ʮһ
ħ̴Ц죡
ŵ˹б˹̴ЦĻ𾪡
û뵽Ԩ֮󣬾Ȼ̴ЦͨԨúڰԴĴ࣬ȫеĺڰ
Ҳ˶ִʮһ
׷ʮһ˼̴Ц֮
ľҪ⼸λǶڰ򣡡
̴ЦдѶ
ǧ֮⣬ǿӴޱȵԨľ̴ЦжβڵԴ飬һֱӦ̴Ц졣
ȻƮĽľպȻͣ¡
ǽľģ۰Ƥҫ˹â
ľ֦ɷҡƺܵʹ࣬һس֦ɣһѩ׵ĽͻȻնϡ
һ͵ȣ϶İɫӰԦһ񻰵ĽڿѴڷֲȥ֦ɡ
һؽ֦ɣССӰѸնϡ
˽磬ǹɸıԴ飬Ūһµļһ
ľÿһƬҶɳɳ죬ؼС
ֹ֦ҲΪгìתȥԸļ˪Ͼȥ̴Ц죬ԬǱߵĶ
˪֮˪
΢΢ۣܸǱԭⲿ
һñȡѰҪϵӴþʱҲ˻ӽļ˪
ʱļ˪ѳԽλ֮ǰȻҲӽʮһ
һģߣ
ҧ

û뵽ұͽԨԨ塣
ںݵĵģԨԺڵļ֮⣬һȦȦصţԨĻ֣Ȼ˶ܶ¡
һƬɫ꺣ռʶܱ߻Ũ
ɫ󣬲Ϊɫɫ
ɫ꺣ǴԨԴ꣬ĵߣҲԴͷ
ǰʱӦɫ꺣ǺݵԴꡣ
ͬΪԴ꣬ߵɫһ
ħ񱴶̹˹ΪǱݵԴ̹ͣ˹ħΪɫ
еħħɫˡ
̩̹ûǰںݵˡ
ڣҲմȾ˺Դ꣬ɫҲͱ̹˹һɫ

ƬɫĻ꺣ԨüķɳԼ˼ʶ
ɫĻ꺣һ뿪Ԩ꣬ҲΪɫ
һӴģɫ꣬Ưڻ꺣ȥ
УЩûںϵģһ˸ɫľ޴ȥ
ڻŹȥ
ݣݣ
ɫľ޴ڲͰŵĻߣǱһһޱҫۡ
ÿߣһ־귨ӡģֻڲ֡
ڳˡ
ԯļףƬصڻ꺣ԨԺɳ⡣
˫Э飬Ĭ
ɫĻ꺣ƵƮţǸȼŻˮ̶
طȥĳӣײڱԴһš
ں֮ĵģǿ͸Өˮ򣬻Ͻɫ
ˮ̶ײΪŨɫ
ˮ򣬾νĺ֮ģ̩̹ģͺ꾧Ľ֮
ˮ̶ĵײڱԴģ˺ԭԴꡣ
ɫԴ꣬ΪڶڻܣźͱԴһ
ϸȥĻͻᷢˮ̶ĵײɫɫֻͷڻƲŻˡ
ܼ󣬸ĶӦǺԴꡣֻݵԴ꣬ѱȾ͸ںԴͷһֱҵʱܼܵ󡣡
ָԨƬԺģɫĻ꺣˵
ࡣ



ڶǧʮ Ѫӡ
ݣ
ѤõĻߣֲԨ̲ء
ÿһߣΪһ־µ귨漰ת꣬壬ƣħŤ˼־
ԨԸܣ֪ؼصĴƺС
ԭˡ
ڵرʱƴԺ۳һɱԴҪڵķҪԴֳ
ԴԨԴϢϢأһɫĻ꺣ķͿʧЧ
ǹɱԴõѣص׵쳣ͱ׻ѡ
׻˭żĳ֣Ҳ׷ʧЧҲԨԴ꣬Դ롣
ԨͻȻףΪǰΣЩνǿߣԽʶҪ귽ʱӭͷʹ
өʱ￴һֱ꣬״̬
ЩΪǵνǿߣֻҪҴ֣ⷽûһú³
ڵκ׿
ԭԴǿԴ꣬Ժ
Ժƿȥ״ܰȻˣ
ϧվûס
Ԩ
ͻкƵĻܣʶڵӿ֣ɫۡ
һ̣ԨֶȻЩѹԨԴĽƼǰ֮ǰһܺļС
ɻܣӦòѷɫħ񱴶̹˹ħ꣬ѹá
ԨԴʶķ룬ޱȰĿֲܣٴۡ
ܵ׳󣬸ҪԴļӳ֣̤Ͻɱ֮·
꣬ʽԪת䡣

Уɱе꣬Ⱥҫ
ȺǡѨϡ
Ӧ㷢ֵġǳǳԺݵЩǿߡ
ߣֵɣۣ氲󣬻̫ʼ̫飬죬ΪԪʱȻظֳ
ңԪɱ䣬ڼȡЩǿߵĻܡ
ͺñȵҪʱܹӴڣѪܻΪԼ
ڵԪת䣬ڼȡǿߵĻܡ
һ˿˿ǿߵĻܣӿռ뵽ʶꡣ
Ϊ֮ǣֹӵбԴߡ
İɫ컢룬ļ˪̴Ц죬ţͷڵĻҲĸ֪С
ֻЩںݵǿߣ˿̲ڻûܱ
Ԫɱ䣬Щ㹻ǿǿߣܹ֪ԿһЩЩ˵Ķ
ǣǳɱҲˡ
Դ缫ƫԶĵؽ磬Ҳвǿߣ֪˴ڡ
һЩȽ㣬ǰھ۷ޣûбԴļӳ֣ߣĻݡ
һˣƺԼ磬ľƶС
ڱչؾеЩˣһΣ췭ظľޱ䡣
ȻҲ֪ݵıԴһޱȣʧȥ˽Ĵʱ
ЩҲԨӦˡ
ֻҪ㹻ǿģ飬ںݵģԨԴĺۼڣԨӦ
֪ܸӦԺ뿪Դ꣬ܵһ
ͣ
Ͻɫġˮ򡱣ԨУһʽ̳ͷһ޵Ѫɫ硣
ÿѪɫ磬һѪС
ȥǿվޡ
Ѫɫ磬ǾӡģϽɫġˮӡǡˮжһݡ
̩̹ǰ֮ѪѪУڷ˳ȥǿվûѪأ䵽صǰ˺ݡ
̳ǲġΪγǰʧ˺ܶѪУҴǿվء
ԡ
ԯļףԨǾԺ󣬾Ԩ
ţβѰǿվޣȥ׷ɱ
Ԩüͷ΢壬˵ϵѪ֮غ֮ĵģ̩̹ľ̳

ͷ
ԨʱȻ
ϾǲȱģĶȱٵĶ̫࣬޷ΪʮһеѪ̣ĴռľѪǵ壬ҲӦѪ̳֡
ɫĮԯԺƺ
Ѫ̲ôôȥѪǵںݣǶѲ˵ļѪԭһֱȥ֪ѪһУܸ档
ֱνģҪȫѽ֣Ҫ֮ͨԴͷĳת䡣
Ѫ̵ĸ־ͱˣɱ
ΪԨ
ܹԭӡ̩̹ڣصУѪ壬һһȫԴѪҲܽʮһ
ܿϧвǿվޣͷ̩̹ɱԺˡ
мУ̩̹ʱɢ⣬ҲѰٲʮһ֮·һֱߵĲ˳
׻ԯ

׿ɫĻ꺣ҪԴѪԴյзأиİնԸ
ͣ
ͻȻָ򣬱ضǻˮ̶̳ڣвԴǵطԴͷ󣬱˺γɡΪһλףԴ֮һС
Ĺ֮壬ƺҲֻ֮һصġ
Ĺ֮壬ûгܹ
غϵĶ˵ûá



ڶǧʮ ǿԴ
λס߸˾ְƿԴǵĲͬȨ
Թֵġסտɭ˾ӵɸѡʵĹ
ءֻ¯λֻ֮ܿǵϴؾۡ
Դͷ縺֮̾͡·Σȥع鵽
Դǵ귨򣬷ָλסǷ
Ԩ֮ȡȨԴͷִƵĲ֣ǿȡ߸ɰĹ
ǣ֮ȴΪûܽνʮһ
ԴסƿصزںϣǾ߹֮Ϊռ

̩ǣʱ֮֮أϪʵ
ΨһģԨǾ߹֮壬·˴֮
һ㷢֮ľ磬ƺӦϪʵĳֹ
Ϫӿʱ֮ţɫ롣
˾ӣҲһ֮·
Ǻǣ
۳˳ǣЦζ˵ԴǣͦġˣûиоǱߵϳײţ
ԨĬȻ
߹֮壬Ĺ֪ײʱ֮ŵĿǰ󲿷
ԴѪǱߣûҪһЩ
ֻǣɱ䣬ͼӿ֣ʱãȻˡ
ڻ֣ڵûԪĳûøӦԡ
ķػŻ˳ѣŻſע롣
һлᦣҿ񱩵Ԩаʯ
ʯУλйķԨа񣬶ʱ
꣡
ɽʯ񣬾Ȼһɫʯ뵽ӳ೾죬ͷԨҲӹ̹ʱ֮š
ķǽʯͷ֮ǿ뵽ʱ֮š
ͼ۶ܴݻʱ֮ţƫƫûôʱΪԺŻ췴Žǡ
λҪŵĴڡ

ڴǿվ޵ֻ̬ŵԨᣬץڣ˲׹ڵء
Ԩǰ̬ĸ죬ӣ类մȾɫ
ĵͫڳ˼ԨȻ۴ˣҲһ
ʯʱ֮³֣ѪܺҲ͸ڡ
Ťеʱ֮ţҫĿĿռУɳ롣
֪Ӻδϳײʱ֮ŵģ˾ӣ֮·Ʊɳǹķͣ
ţʯӲ̣˿
ĵϣЩѪǿߣеľ
ݵ־Ӱ޿ײ͸ŤĳǿȾǼʶˡ
һ֣ԴսԨݣԨĺڰûĿ¸С

һߣͣڻ̶Դ꣬ڻ꺣̬֡
ôλãз֯˸ͷųѤõԣκ˶࿴һۣƺջ
ǷĻۣԴͷչ֡
ؼǿǻ塣
˿˿
ڶȫµ귨Ƭ꺣ΪɫɫɫĹ磬ƬڵĻ꺣Ѹںϡ
ɫɫɫĹ磬ԨԺ󣬺Դ²ġ
һٿһڡ֮ġðֱȥժʵ
죬ıǨǿܱ䣬Ӷӿֳµ
µĻȫӡںݵԴ֮УˣԹԵطϡ
ҲˣǡˮֵģǿվصѪС
֮еط򣬺ѪһһЦɡ
ݵصؼһػŵġˮ򡱣ʵǸΪӸΪġѪ̳
̩̹֮ģ͵»꾧γɵġˮ򡱣һѪ̳
Ѫ̳ӿռģŨѪ⾫Ѫ򣬺С
˵ġ̳Ҳ൱ڡ̳ռкصİء
ݵǸԴ꣬ȾӰԺٲȻࡰѪ̳꣬󲿷ʱԹΪ
ʹԨԨļһͬ
ݵ塢أһʱжӦѪأصУڡˮ򡱡
һЩ磬Сذصطһݵǿ߲ҲὫذӡ
Ʃ磬˪̴Ц죬ڰ򺮱ͺڰ
һ͸صĺڰڡˮ򡱣ӡڻ̳
ֻҪǳԺݵ飬ʲôأûյķ֮ġڶ
ˮ򡱺ǻ̳ڣطѪԽԽıԴԽ࣬Ҳǿ
ЩͰأżѣԨȻ֪
üͷ壬Ԩ޾ڰУǹɴڴ֮صĺڰԴ飬ҲԨԴļʵѡ
⣬ǿԨľͽľеԴ顣
Ԩۣ֮ߵĴ½ģй֮Դ顣
ЩԴҪôˣҪôֱȾӰ죬İס
ԨеԴ飬нľĴڣѱ¡
⻹ˣǰԴĹ֮Դ飬ԼĴˣҲ䵽ԨҲˡ
Դ磬ݵԴ꣬ףҲѷ׷ݡ
ôǿ
ڵ;ƺҪԴ飬һһȾȡԷƿصȨӶؽ
Դ飬мԴ飬߼Դ飬һɱ䡣
ϵѪͻư㣬ǰԴ飬ҲŲпյĽ֮·
Դͻƣǻ̫̫࣬ҲϿ
ֻҪԼһֱӦһֱ׳ͽԼҲ֮ǿ
Լ˺ԼΪǿȥչĴںǿ
ڵڵԼ꣬ɱΪԪ
ԼԪһɣʩӰٴŤԼ˼롣
ԼΪý飬ʱ佫񣬺ԼĹ֮Ⱦ
һͨݽۼڼ׵ƶ£ʹȥӴԴѪ½
ԼĹ֮Դҵ򣬲ҽ
Ԩصļ䣬ɱ䣬ѵʱԨ˼֪ʲô֪ͼıʲô
ν֪֪ס
̴Ц졣
ԨȻе
̴Ц죬̴Ц죬̴Ц졣
ŭ㣬еħ̴Ц죬Ժ¡¡죬ֳһӴӰ
Ԩ
̴Цһͻأֵľ޴ӰŭڰԴ˵ˣԨѡĴˣôΪҺڰصԴ飬ѹϵұҪ㣿
Ԩˣ̴ЦǿҲãֵҲãٻӦñҲڽ£
˵ԨˣҲ̴Ц죡



ڶǧʮ ߷
е̴Ц죬ŭѡ
ֳһӴŹڰħܣֺͫɫ̫ûеĹ
ⷽԭŵѪâԣīĹԳͱڵܣһۣƱȻĨ
Ϊڰףڵأ͸óڰ
ĺڰţƮϣȡذĺڰ֮ɳڰ
ŻڴأŨĺɫħƷӿһʵĹϵãڰֵĹȣŻɡ
ڰħ·ĺڰڣĸߵݡ
ڰ𣡡
ڰף
ӽصݣڰ飬ڲͬصأ̴Цš
ڰ򣬻ΪţΪ磬Ǻɫ棬ʵĹȳ֡
Уԭеĺڰ򱻼ӹ̣µĺڰɣͼ
ֻԬǿߣķײ쳹ڰĺڰŲ
ұ̵ǳѣĺ硣
µǳԨľĴڣӿĺڰڡ
ǹɼĺλƽ޲дڱ߽⡣
ħ̴Ц죬ڰ˾ηȴĲ
Ϊڱڰıԭ磬ʱѹֵһͷţȻڼºڰѹ£û¶
ţûг뵽ʮһһΡ
̴Ц죬ȻôΪǡ
ĺڰУħƺڻУſŷ·һڰ磬̴Цͷ
мЦ
еģǾ߰͹µմһƺڰ
̴Ц츳ĺڰԺ̬ͼᱻ
һԲԿ޴ɫֻ֣Ĵš
Щڰ쾰أըڰĵ
̴Ц־졣
ƫƫҪøǿҪͺڰԴֱӹͨʱʶڣƾԨӰ
Ԩֱ֣λ֣ĵߡ
ŭħĹЦڰؾͷǿյıػصҾ㣡

̴Цλģһ޴ĺɫ⾧ŭơ
ѵִʮһû˱Դӳ֣Ҳ𣡡
̴ЦԺеԨš
ԨͶӰӸµأλ쳣ԵЩ޶ԣƺڵ̴Цŭһ㡣
һˣķѵıԭС
š
ֻһѪ֮Ԭ룬ʾ񣬱˹ŵ˹Ҫ
һСīѡԹ̴Ц֮ս
Ԭ븺ֶ̬ǴݣŲæ˵ûڻĽ磬õԴѪûһͳĽ֮ǰǷȺǿԬĿ⣬˹ϡ
˽뿪֪˹ĺɡ
ûлΪ˵뷨ʹ㣬ͷôͻȻ˵Щ
ҸЩ֪ǷȺȷʵ񡣲ҺճΪʱıǨĽ֮ӦǷȺԬΪ̬֮ЦºͣҲͨţ֪Ⱥ⡣
һãȻ
ڴ˿̣һԶ
ǵѪԺһƬ磬ͻȻīɳ
˹չ᰿裬ɢź̿˲Ϣ
Ƭֻ̺ӻĽıˣ˼˪Ľ£λڵĴɲ
˹ܣڰۼĺڻĽļȫ˪á
˼˪Ҳ˼˪Ľ
Ϊ˿ڰ򣬶ǰкǹɼ磬ؼǿļ
˹ǱˣܡѪǣļУܴ˷ĹܿغͼԦ
˽磬һϼ˪ıһ̴ֱЦڰͳ
ֻˣΪڴ˽磬Ϊ˼뺮˼˪һ
ⲻ־ܿġ
̴Ц졣
Ԩһ̴ЦԺ
̴Ц㹻ǿ̴ЦԺݣԺűԴԨͻưķԺΡ
ҿܹˣ
̴Ц
ʮһԨһЦѽʮһ㣬žȻ˳֪ԭ򣿡
е̴Ц죬仰Ժ󣬺Ȼ
Լʶħǵ޴ɫͶӰ˵ʲô
ΪڰֻмԴ顣ҲǺ죬Դ˽ΪʮһԴȼϵͣ͵㣬ҲͲ̹˹Ԭ룬ҡ
ԣʮһֻԴͷҲԵý
̴Ц죬ǿܲɷֵġ밵򣬴ĺڰҪڰ飬԰Ϊ㣬ʳԴ򣬽ڰɢǺڰɱ䡣
ֻȽףȳΪ߼Դ飬ʮһӦ
;Ѳˣ뿹ܺݵĵ־
ĵߣΪҪ̴ЦҲֻܹԹҵġ
Ԩħ㣬ȥݻ̴ЦĽпʵڳ
̴֪Цⷬ˵˿ںݵǹԴ꣬ҲֵԴ겢ûֹ
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ĻӰֳڽ֮ԺǱԪ֮ǰ
ĴţҲԸԶˣŶҲˣܳƺΪˡ
ڽԪ֮Ž֮Դɱ䣬е
£Ӧɰɣ
ԨƻĵӰӣڲͬԺ
ͬһʱ䡣
ԨɳģޱȻֺ׳аʥУԨͶӰаš
ǿλԨ֮ӰϱãڲͬߵԺ֡
һһͼ߷ЩߣЩԺݵǿߣһ̤ϷԨԴ·
˭ѱԴͻһԴ
ҿ̴Ц졣
ʯڵĴħ񱴶̹˹ȻЦˣٺ٣̴Цɹ˵λǹɱԴˣ
ף
ֵɣѵҲ



ڶǧʮ 񽣴
˿̴Ԩ֮۵аʥͻȻž
ʥԭԨ֮ŵλãûмƮ
ʥ·ǸҫԨڲء֮Դ顱½ء
½ϵ壬ɢھޣһ߿գĿ˵ʥķ롣
ѵ֪ϢߣֺʥԨ
Ҳ֪ڶԨаλػߵټ£ѹŴħ񱴶̹˹
޾ڰƮһ·߿գ·Ҫ뿪ԨԴǿߣԨԭе飬
ͻȻͣ£Ԩˣ֪ʲô
һԨͶӰڣ̹˹ħ̴Ц죬̴ͨЦǵ쳣̴֪Цλ
̴Цѡ񣬴ħ񱴶̹˹⣬Ц̾
ɹӰһ䣬淢ֵҲֳˣڣֵһһ̫⡣ѵΪһ޽ɵˣűԨ˵
̹˹֮·ҲΪ̾͡
ػ߹϶ɤ׳ʥ𣬡㣬ҲǱƵĳڵ죬Ԩײĺڰ֮УܲϾӿڰڵĻܡ
ԨԽ£Ԩ֮ԽԽŨҡ
֮ɱ㣬ΪԴԴϵأӺڰھӿԼ
ڲˡ
ػ˵
ͬԴĽܳħ񱴶̹˹ԨһҲ޾ڰڣܵǰĻܡ
ʥֻҪУ̹˹ɻܻΪá
ʥӺڰз룬Ԩ֮ŵλã̹˹޷ǺڰڣĻܳӯԼ
Ҳ˱Ŀԡ
ǾҪǵıˣ
̹˹ЦֹûĲȵһ̴Ц죬һֵɣ۲űȷʵҾ̾

ΨдǻߣиڰԴ꣬λ뱾Դ
Ҳֻܾ߱
ԨĿеѡһħ̴Ц죬һǽֵ֮ɣϣѻ֮
ˣֽ׶μҪλԴ־սʤˡ
ں̴Цǰ괦ɱ֮Уѣ顣
УȻа뱾Դ侳ط
ƺΪһ̣׼ǧ꣬ԨԴĶһֱڳûֹͣ
ԴķʶǣӦԵķڻӿˡ
꣡
̴Цʶһϯλĺɫ⾧ը̴ЦĺڰԪ񣬻Ǵ
ǹɫԴǱǿбƳԺüķߡ
ԨĬ
֪ģȷ뱾Դطûü̴Ц˱ԴԪ񱣳ֲ
ʮһӵĵʸĶ档
ԴΣ
̴ЦڰЦʮһûԴ뿪侳磬Ԫû˥ߡ
Դɳʱõѣôɣڵĸо
λħļΪʮһԨĹƻʹ̼ɹˡ
һ̣Ԩ޾ڰڰԴ·̾Ϣһ
һ˿塣
̴ЦλһɱԴλڰԴ飬ڶλѵ𾴺η壬Щǻ̿֡
ڰԴ飬ȻηλڵĽ״

ݵصס
̴Ц뱾ԴǣʧԨ֪У̴ЦӦһǳĨ
ƺζţƯڻ̳Ƭڻ꺣Ҳʧȥ˶̴Цƿء
Сӣ
ԶͻȻʧУǸƵ죬ŵֵǰ
޴̿ˣҪֵǿչţҪֵֹɵж
벻Ҫҡ
ֵɫľȻҡҡͷ
âĿԪ֮Ȼüķɳǧ񽣡齣Ĥݣ֮
ֵɵ𽥱óξĺ۾һ

ΧŮʵڶ񽣡齣ͻȻع齣ߣıͣе񽣡齣׷Խ
˪ĳˣԺһֻ޴ɫ裬ͷ۵ķ࣬ڶ;綾С
ͻȻҲƬʧûֵɱ
Ūʲô
ɣ
̩ǵۣҲԤе˲˲Ϣֵԡ
Զ氲ߣԨ̴ЦĳҲԨֵɵȰ˵
ԨȰ˵쳹ںϱԴԺǶ֪ʲô
̴Ц죬ɹԨ߷˵ˣѡڰλ
ǣ̴ЦѾִﴫ˵еʮһʧȥһɱԴԪȻڣսûʲô
Դȥ̴ЦӰ죬ƺֻкô
ʮһ̴Ц죬·߱λѳԴʸ
̴ЦΪԼûʲôӰ죬ֻǻἤŭλѡ
ֵȴͬ
ûнʮһֵɣѾ㹻Ĳϣѵ˾ͷʧȥԴ֮λ䣬ֵǻġ
ֻҪֵɾͻں̫ʻӡ
˶ˣֵ׷Ľ֮ռֻӰˡ
Ԫ֮֮֮ԼǱ򾳽ĵ䣬ʱⳤӡ
Ϊ˵ܺ˵ľĽкչ
νĽ֮Դ飬ֻһõ룬Ҳ޷ʵ֡
ûֵ֪ΪѡΪʲôʱ̣˼ΥԶ־
ֵɣǺԶеǿ֮ƺԶûԼ
ԶģһֱˣƾԨǼ仰ҪΥԶеԴͷȥԼλ
ѵҪѰ
ͻȻ䣬ҷֺҲ˽ֵɣ֪ľʲô˼άЩʲô

ܼΪһĹ⣬ҲֵɵǰֵͣĮȻӡ
ľٶúԶ۵ûȰ˵һ䡣
һУʹݵĵ־ĵߣȻֵɾȻ˵ʲô
ֵҡͷ
ֵɵǱԪ֮âȻ磬ȾǺԵŤֵɵ˼־
ֵɳĽģ·ͻȻɳǡ

ϸ
е֮⣬Ȼһ֣Ϊһġ
񽣣֮
ǰԨ̫ʼ̫ʼѡһλߣȥ̳Сն񽣣˿̾ȻڻӦֵɵԪ֮
˽Ľ꣬ԨӦԨ˼롣
֮У˿һƪרԱԴȫ뱾ԴطԨ֡
ƪԨѣողӿֳ
ԨԴľ飬ܹԪߣʧȥԴԺɱס硣
˿̣ԨΪԨ֮ʱԴĻ֮Ӧ֮
֮Ľֵ꣬ɵԪ֮ŸӦԨÿһ򣬶ͨдݡ



ڶǧʮһ ս
֮תֵɣǿԪ󣬱ѻ
ħĴħ޲
ͬǱԴ͵飬ħֻҪħ񣬾
壬ʵҲһ
ԭ̫ʼˣٴԪȻûԴļӳ֣
뱾ԴߵͻȻֻΪԴʩӵơ
ԴǿߵͬʱҲϿܿߡ
ͨǱ֮ԨֵӦԺַȫȥ޳ֱԴأԴͬʱԪ񾳽Ĳ䡣
һ궾ء
ֵԨĻĬĬĥţȴûơ
ĿԪ֮ͫɫʻھʲô
ݣ
һõĻ꽣ʶɳͻȻǱԪ֮
ԴҪס꽣
ýˡ
ֵ૵
꣡
Ľ⣬õ֮Ԫ֮նԴ
õĻ꽣Ľ⣬ֵɵԦ֮£רĥԴܡ
ⲻǰ룬ǸᣬǺɱԴ
ԴǱԪ֮ڣȻѸʧȻЧ
˴ħ񱴶̹˹֮⣬һ˼Ԧ֮ȥԺݵ־ıԴ
Ԩ񶼲߱

ݵĵĻ̳֮ϣһƬɫ꺣ͻȻӿ
ɫĻ꺣·һ֮ɣϸȥȻԨһģһһԨ
̴Цİ뱾ԴֵɵĴݻٱԴ¶һӰ
ڻ꺣Ԩ
ԨЦþò

Ϲ֣
󣡡
Ԩ֮氲Ժͼ뱾Դ𻵾ط֪
氲Ҳ̴Ц졢Զǰ㣬ԴĽ
ϧǣĻ氲Ժλüͷһ壬ͱԴ־Ť顣
氲󣬶ĺţĹƻ
Ԩʱ氲Ϊ;Ĳ࣬ܲԴ־Ҫ˵氲󣬼ֱѱȵ졣
Ͼͷˡ
СӣΪʲô
Զֵŭ⡣
ԴǵĴ飡׳ͳɳܹ棡ΪʲôΪʲôҪŸɣ
Զ벻ͨ
ֵǰԪ֮Դһرն
ǰһֱΪԶΪδıΪǿʢһЩұҲͻ
ֵ䵭·𿴲ԶŭҷֲֻķԸ¡ķԸȥػݵʱҪıҵ˼룬¡
Ҳ̫ϲҵжֽš
ֵҡҡͷ
ҽڵˣ½ʱֻ̫ʼӴ⡣ʵҲ֪ҪΪҵһ⣬ΪҽڵˣҲ̫ϲ
С˪ڻ⣬ıλҵʱ֪ϢʱǷŭģҵķŭƽȻһͿĨˡ
ֵƽѡ½⣬һΪźݡ
ҸڻΪ㣬ΪݳܾΥҵı⡣ܸоҴҲ֪ԭ򣬿ľֿ뷨ͷ
ֻԹԷӡ
ֵͣԵŭ⡣
ԨͻȻʶҺȻȫˡ
Ⱳӻû˵ô໰ֵɣŽߵġܼ󡱣ü˵һֱ㣬ڰӰңҵʶ
˵仰ֿ˺Զмһۡ
ҲһҲڻȻ䣬Ӱ˼롣ǱǶоΪǾԼѡ񡣡
Ǿ첻ǰѲˣΪǵĺ̫
ȴԣ
ǱԪ֮еڱԴڳڡ
ֵȻ

һޱ貵Ľ⣬͸̩ǵĽڣնػʱ֮š
ԨаķԨᣬ̫ʼûзӦʱⶳſռ䣬ıʯŲʵ͸
ֵ̩ǣʱ֮ŵķڱƳ
ХţһƬƬۼѪֵɵĽ⴩͸
̫ʼ̫飬졣
ԨĹֵ֮ɵĴ䣬ֵλÿ
¡
춯صĺĴںϱԴ죬λôһ̣סԴ־Ť
λɢ
ġʱ֮š߲ϼⱬӳ೾򡣬ͷСҲӦֵɡ
Χšʱ֮šԴڶǿߣȻɱһ
뿪
Ԩ֮ȡ
̷ͣɽ巣ʯھޣһսʱ֪֮ս㣬Ԩȶ롣
̩ϻս
氲ԺбԴǿӰźܽĺݹ̩ͬ
ܼ󡱺Ȼ䣬ûֵɵĽ⣬ԨĹ֮ǰͣ¡
ͫͻ䣬һֻɫһֻɫ
ںԴԣ̴Ц뱾ԴֵһɱԴⳡʢսõƬ̵ĴϢ
̹˹㡣
ôһ־
ֻɫͫ㱻ɫû

һöö칬ӡɫĻ̳Ư
ö칬ӡ˾̳ѭĳֹϵĶɣγС
һָԨĹ֮塣
ݣ
ԨĹ֮壬һ̳ŨŨ͹֮֮̾͡·ľأֽ̳ڣԨ߹֮壬ҪΪ̳һ֡
ƫƫԨⲻˡ
ָĬr
Ҳ޵񾳽Ĭrͬһ̳ͬûκηͳŻ̳ڡ
磬ħ˾£ħǱ
λǿߣָ㣬ʱ̳ˮһУ·Ҫڻ̳¼
źݵԴ꣬ȴʴ
磬Ĭrħ˾£ǱǺݵ壬ħ类˿ס˺
һ칬ӡɵĻ̳УЩ߱ҲеֶΡ
ɾѲ
ڲܼڣԲܼչָ߼Դȼ׸ԯΪֲ顣



ڶǧʮ ǿԴĳͷ
߼ԴõһߺʵѪ壬Դչʱֱ޵֮ˡ
ǣܼͿЩߡ
¡Ǳħħӡĺۼ
磬ĬrͬĺۼҲǰѲ
ǶԼյҪЩ̳
ɷƿص귨򣬸ྫѪڶԸ̳ʱʧЧˡ
ԨǾ߹֮ڻ롰̳ʱҲĹ֮ڵġ֮Ӧġ֮·һ𲻵á
ʱף䵽ݵԴͷƿصѱ·ĵ־ĥ͸
ȥ֪֪ܶ׵ĸ߼Դ飬Ȼᴦơ
λԴǣûнȨλסӵе귨ֻȫӡĹ֮߹֮ͻʮһ
ֻгʮһԸ߼Դ鲻Ϥķʽ̳гɹܡ
һʶڲܼڵֿӳ೾ͷ
ֱָֻ֣ӳ೾򡣬õĻ̳
ܼ֯ķĵ磬ƾӳ೾Ժ֣ͷţק̳ȥ
ֳƽ໺ֽУƬƬɫ۱Ĺâػѷ졣
ӳ೾ĵǱʱ֮顱ϵطҳֽڵʱ̿
ϧûá
ӳ೾꣬ҲںݵĺۼҲѲĽǵ꣬ĵ绯Χš
ǣʱӳ೾ͫѪ
գλҲֻܸǵ꣬칬ӡĻ̳
һ䵽УͷѪ⾫ڷš
ŹֵĻ̳ƺܹڡѪ̳̳͡л¡ǱĬrǻ
磬ӳ೾򡣬ǱûѪ⾫ܡ
ܼ̩ǰգѪ纣ܳӯ˼¡
һԣ׳ö칬ӡĻ̳͸ıս
ݵЩǿߣûбԴȻ
ͻȻһ
Ůڽ⣬ͻ֮Ϊݼű磬ͼЩ̳̩ǡ
ˣǾͷ۵ķ࣬ɫͫֳ⡣
ƺڴʲô
Ҫ
ѡҲǺݣҲӡǴڣ
ΪħǱ˵ķ࣬ڽ⽥¶æѣδʮһߣǡںݵħ޷
һ˺Ȼԥˡ
Ǳ˵öԡ
޲ף͹꣬˲ŮʱҲڽȰ˵
ʱΧʱ֮ţڶǿɱս
ϵͣѪȼߣԶ룬Ҳͣԡ
ݵĵرҲһ¶
ݵĶ˭Ҳ޷ֻ֪ͷҲڵźݶҡ
һ棬Ǻ±µգһ֪С
ȫĻһֻӬȥɢڱǳߣֻܵȺ˵ʲôҲˡ
ЩУΪںͺԶıջǽ
Ӷʵʩһ򾡵Ŀġ
ǣǳǿߣڵˡ
ϣֵɵĽܹ˶ʱ֮ţǴϲ
Ȱ˵ˣֵɵĽ⣬ѾšֵҲסˣŤ
Ƭ̵ĳˣȻбİ취ս
Ƭ纣еɫ񣬺Ƭ𡢾綾ӵĺһ̩ǣҲʱ֮ŵλá
ǿվ̬ɫƬ纣ڣ־ǣ


ħ̴Ц죬ԺһɱԴһɫƣƮԨľλá
˿̵Ԩľһ֦ìơ
ͷԴһ֦Ϊִơ˪֮ļ˪ս
ʱġ˪֮һɺľУÿһնһ貵Ľⳤӣ˺صĽǧ
ǵⳤУнɫǳ˸
򣬺أǳ֮˪ÿһ⡣
򱻶˺ѵıݣı⾵棬ҲڿɱԨľ
Ԩഫ˵ĽľԾ޴ҶΪƷԼ֦Ϊɻǵ൱ѡ
ȻһɱԴ
ŰıԴͣڽľ֦ϣеһƬҶӡ
֪ħ̴Ц˱ԴҲΥ˴Ӵ֮سͺڰԴ˵λǿԴ顣
ԨĽľеԴһɺͲ
λԨ޾ڰڵԴ飬ǰͱԨԴ۷Թˡ
Ǻ̴Цһͬ밵Ƕ̴ЦǷѡĬΪ̴ЦһֱбԴڡ
ԴںУζ̴Цķӡ
ҲζţܹԴκλã̴֪Ц˼룬̴֪ЦʲôڹؼʱʴŤ̴Цǡ
ԴǼͶ״Ҳǳ塣
ԴֻҪ̴ЦԺ̴ЦЩûԴ˵⣬˵̴Цû⡣
ڣ̴ЦԼ˱Դ
ľԴ飬׼ʹ̴Цִʮһ뱾ԴҲŭ
ľԴ붼룬ϾǵľǿԴ飡
ǡ
ڱԴͣƬҶ̲صĺڰܱ֮޳ɾԭı̴ɫ
ҶȻȻùʶĿ
һƬһƬ
ȻмʮƬҶڰ֮ľĨתһ·һ޴ľӡ
Щ޴ġӡƯڰĸ߿գ̴Цλá
Ƭ̺ǼʮƬҶ͵س˴ĿĹ⣡
Ԩ֮۵½أͷųޱǿҵĹââһ죬ֺаʥȻʥû
ͨһʥӣ˰Ľľ
ʥһӣҲԽľӺͽľͨģܴ

ֻһƬƬҶڣ˴Ŀǿ⣬̴ЦͷŻĺڰ֮أһڰһϵĵã̴Цĺڰħȫݻ飬Ŷڶ
̴Цʮһ࣬ʱǧٿףҲˡ
ĻӦϳͣ
̴ЦĿԴ̴Ц뱾ԴӶսѵ̴Ц׸ΥḶʲôĴۡ
̴Ц쿴񷣬Ųֵĵ⣬ɫһŤ
޴ɼΡ
źȻЦ
һҵ̴Ц죬һڰǿƺ֮С
һЦһ˵֮ԴԨ֣ҫһԨԹƺڰ̴Ц죬ɲԨû
Ȱ㻹ɣԹȥһ㡣



ڶǧʮ 
Դǿ̱ޱȡ
̴ЦǾֳĺڰ࣬Ҳһǿ⴩͸ȻָΪԭΡ
һڴ֮ؾġڰۡǿۣڱβס塣
ݵеԨ綾㣬Ѫ⡣
Ļǣ·ͷʹѡ
Ϊڰ֮족ţͬص𻵣кڰ򣬶ѡ
壬꣬˲̶ͬȵ˴
˿̴̣Ц̱ĳһƬƬҶ֪һԨľͷԴ飬Դ˺˺ǰôɵЭ顣
ЭγɣһԵǰᡣ
ȫԨԴꡣ
ֻҪΥ㣬ħڰ𣬾ͽʧȥԨԴ֧֣ҲԨ
㡭
ţڰڰԴ飬õǱߵָ
ȴ֣ڰԴ鶼־ĬûӦĺ
̴Цһĸо
밵ˡ
ɹͺڰ־ڰǲǹԴԹѹƺڰ
֮Ȼ
֮ԴͺڰԴ飬ΥֻܹԹڰԴ͵̴Ц죬Ȼ͸Ӳԡ
̴ЦͻȻ˺ڰԴ飬Ҳ֪뱾ԴʱΪκڰԴ̾Ϣ
𣿡
ЦţȴͷŵĹջأûʱ֡
̴Цʱ˼ʮһٱشͻһˣ̴Цû˱ԴҲ
νĺڰܵһȥڶ
ĺڰǾȥȥһ
ŵʵ
ڣ
̴Ц㶣Цҡͷ޳ԴʱҾᷢʲôٰܽҲûԼѪ壬ʲôúڵģ
˭˵һ
˵ʱһ֮صĺڰԴ鴫ȥ
֪㺦£֪־Υ־ûϵ̴ЦȻİʮһֻҪ㲻ңҾͻ׳󡣡
һΪ㿪٣㲻ùңԱҲе
Ũĺڰħܣӿ첹õķۡ

ޱȹĺڰ̴ЦΪɢͰĺڰ㣬±֯µĺڰ
ƺڰ֮족ţţںϡ
Ԩ
Ԭë޵գƳһۣЦ򱻷գݵļһѾʵʩĺͼҵˡţ㻹ҪΪҵһѪڰ˷ʱ𣿡
ҵڻڵȺǱֻҪţұԹȥ
Ԭ˵ͷԭˡ
˿̱ԭ飬ʣڶ˶ıƯڸīڣ񣬻ŵ˹վһ
ƤӣͻȻţͷէ֡
˭
ԬͻȻü
Ԩ
Щ㯣߽˵ҲǡҿˣжԨӰںݵĵصۼ
Ԩͼҵ꣡
ĶͷѪ䶯һ˿ڣָͷץ
Ҫ֮
ԬȣƳȥ䵽־
æȥ
꣬Լ䣬ϴࡣ
Ѫ֯ںִ״ġڣԳŽƽ˺Լ
ԬĶͣлĽԴѪҰͻ㹻ңԶ
ڻԺҲûԴԲذˣǹȾӰ졣
ں˵һ˵ոտĻ档Ԭ
ԨվһˮУһȼŵĻˮ̶ϷƯһƬɫĺںһԨĻӰӵߣҲԨӰԳţΰ˵ŻƺͼӰҡ
Ԭĺ棬ƵƵͷʾ˵

ǿҵĹԴϵЩҶۣ·µĹҪͨЩҶۣӶҫ̴Цϡ
̴Ц䣬ô죬Щ۹Ҷ
ûյڰԴĻѶȴԨľҶġɳɳ죬̴ЦȥأǹɱԴ
ֻҪ뱾ԴԹԷӣܱסʮһĺڰλá
ǽľȰ档
̴ЦͷֿЦҸϳȥĶٴջء
ڵĺڰ򣬺ǡڰ֮족Ϊһ壬ִкڰ֮һӿ
ڰĵ죬صչ׼ʱ¡
󲿷ֵĺڰҪֿĳҪ濹ǿԴĵڶͷ
ǿԨߵ½أʥٱʥӸգĽľд
ʱԴĴħ񱴶̹˹ǸīʯЦ
·ͨ
̹˹ͻȻСС
Щ·½ʥûԺӵĹ֮ȻܴеĽľ
ҫҶһƬƬţɲûǿҫ
̴Ц׼ϧٵȴûеȵǿĳ

֮ġ
Ԩʮһ񣬶ȻΪһĳ⾧ӡ⾧ڵѪɫ磬ϵػ
ǿˮУһЩµѪ类ƤĨ
ԨıԼЦ⵴
ԯļף쳣𾪵ؿӡѪеġˮ򡱣Ϊĺ֮ġ
㾹Ȼܷ
ײš
ӽ֮Ԩʮһ񣬾Ǳ궳סӬ棬˵֫ˣ˼άʶͣˡ
ɣˮӡڵѪأ漰ǿվ޵ܻУԷ̬롣
ͻȻת̬֮ܿܺĵķ̲ȷ˼׵ϡ
֪ǡ
ԨɱʱԭĻܣʹ˸ؼѣԨܶ¡
Щصļ䣬ǰĥģԨԴİ취
ᷢ¡
ǿԴ飬ʱ䵽ҪֻתÿһζǿԴõıˡ
ÿһѣվԴƵľ˾顣
꣡
һشصѪɫԨ֮ɳһͷͷʧڹӵǿվޣˮѰŶӦѪ
⾧״ԨҲڸı̬ԽԽһͷ
Ͻɫۣ̣пצ˸޼᲻ݵĺ⡣
һͷöɵ̩̹
ˣˣ
̩̹ģػ꾧ĺ֮ģ̬Ԩ˹
һɣĵײ㷨򶼱𶯣ͺе
غ
ˮ·һͷͷǿվȻ໥ɱ
䣡¡
ڵضɽҡ̩ҲڵضɽҡҫǶҵҡţһľޱ䡣
̳֮ϣƬɫĻ꺣еġԨҡͷ



ڶǧʮ ͸
ˮйӰƬ꺣ԭ
ӡڻ̶صϵѪѵȺֻ꣬Ԩʶ뿪Ժ󣬽
ݣ̩ǣҫǵ𶯣̴Ц졢ֵɵġѡ
õҡҡͷ
Ǻݵ𶯣̩ǵ𶯣ҫǵ𶯣ƽ
·һ˫ľ֣ǳסǳҲһ¡
ˮУһͷͷԭǿվޣ໥Ĳɱ˺ҧҲͬʱͣ¡
ʱ⣬һ类ֹ
һɳԽӳ೾ȫˮɡ
ͷ׵Ĺԣˮ룬ԨǾ߱Ϊ̩̹ҲԨı
ɫ꺣ߣԨϣǿˮ
һͷͷԨӡѪУҪˮѪǿվޣ־غŵͺԤдͷ
ˮе磬ϵԴ֮Щޡ
ҫĿϼ⣬ΪѪķ򣬴Ѫɫ¡
һͷͷ̺Ԩǿվޣ⡰֮ġڲӬ㣬˲䱬ΪѪ
ڶǰѵѪٴγֳ̼ƽҾ֡
ˮֱҫ͸
ԯļףֲֵأǱȼյĻ̳⻬һֻ֣ˮ̶ĻС
л澫ܣŷУֻ֡
ԯף·ٴδ磬һʻʶ硢Ѫ޼䡣
ûõģѲֿ
ױԨ
Ԩòͱһµڻ꺣ԨԴһչ֡
³Ԩһ㲻ԻңڵȺԨԪɱ䡣
ֻԨԪɣ֣ͨὫһʶ뵽Ԩꡣ
籾ԴһλλߣǻΪһǰ㡣
ǽԼԣԨԪڣԨԪ񡢹֮ӣȥʴԴѪԴǡ
ԨųȥյԴѪԴעն
һ߼Դ飬ƳԨİ֪ЩʲôԴ߼ԴԨԨȡƿصжԿ
ԴѪԴǣҲȷôȥˡ
ڣȥժʵԨջһеʱˡ

ˮɳ߲ϼ⣬Ϊ̩̹Ԩ񣬲
صһ˲䱩ǧ򱶣ͷ̩̹ڵء
Ƭڻ꺣Ҳȼյ̶طɳ䵽Ԩͷ
꺣Ťһµĳ磬ӵصͷ̩̹ڷɳ뵽ˮ򣬽ʣµѪӡ
ɱеԨʱûвսֵ
ֻؿ֡


ĿĽ⣬̩ʱ֮ţҫ
ӿŻаķģģ߼۵ģҪôնҪôȴʱ֮ŷɳ
߲ѤõĹĻŻ֣֯ռ䷨ƽȡ
Ѫɫ˾ӣɢԴġ֮·ѼĻϪӣʱ֮ʳ
˾Ӻ֮͡·ٿһڻ֣Ҫʱ֮ŵĴڣ·ͱһס
أأ
֮׻Ѫɫ˾Ӹڡ֮·ãȻεš
Ѫɫ˾ӣںӵ׵ɣȾĶأҲ֮ɢݡ

ԨǾ߹֮壬һ칬ӡĻ̳ڣڻ
ȴʱ֮ŵƿ˾Ӻ֮͡·ĳ֣ܵȫµ
ͻȻ֣֮µľγɣи漰ط뵽ڡ
λסӵеȨ˾Ӻ֮͡·˹͸Ĺ֮塣
Դǣؼʱ̣ѡѺע
ԴԸ⻹ǲԸ⣬֪ԴѪҪǲЩʲôԴѪͻݵԴ㣬ҲԨǶȾ
򳼷ǽûѡ
ǡסƿصͨԨֵ֮һ̣ԨҲڽͻơ
ӡסûʵֵġ𡱣ȥɱ䣬ȥɾʮһ
֮·һɣµ̳ǰûܵͬԵǣ
ʧȥִӻ̳ڵӿ
Ǻб̳ûȫع鵽ԨĹ֮塣
Ѫɫ˾ӣɵġ֮·һϪӣΧĹ֮ʡ
͵ؿȥĹ֮壬Ǳڶĳ߲š
˾ڣǡ֮·֮⶯õ
ܵ޾ܣӯĹ֮ܿԴ꣡
ԨԴ꣬Դ꣬߱һս
Ĺ֮׳ǻ̳ڱޱΡ룬Хţƶ
أССĻ̳޷Ĺ֮

һö칬ӡĻ̳ɳĹУͲظըѣѤõĹ˸
̳ı飬ʹáܼ󡱹Ҳ
£Ǳа硢Ĭrˣһȫõ˽ѣЩ̳зɳ
ܼޱأŻ֮˾ӣڶġ֮·

ȣ߸ɣȻ˾ڣǺĹĹһ֡
һɽ˾䴩ĶƯ̩ǵա
̩ǣùɭɭ类ѬȾվںе
ִԶ뿪ķ򣬱Դʱı䡣
ͨЩ˾ӣͨһ֮·ɢ̩ǣҲɢݵ˻
ȻĴ
λסȻȻһ½ظ֣ͳĹ񡢹Դ־ָ½
һ֣ܼ󡱾ȻЩججûӦĶ
˾ӣµףڻʱȾһЩз򣬸ıԭĻ
ԴƿصأԴĲһ̫ĵط
ԨǸԴ꣬Ⱦͬԡͬ͵ԴΪףԴǣҪҲɡ
̩ǵգأɽ꣬ɽѹŸıʽṹռʱܼ󡱴ǹԴ꣬·ۻࡣ
ȼŵĻ̶أ̶صĺɫ꺣ɫ⣬лҰɫɫิӵɫγɡ
ܼجͫĪ⣬ڲͬ˽ս

ħ׿ˣͻȻ̩ǵĸ߿գ޾ѪɫɢΪһԲ¡
Ѫ⣬һ֡Բ¡ҫ޲ףСвأսʿܵ˰Ѫܼӳ֡
ԴѪͨħ׿ˣҲڻչ֡
ž
ԨѤϼ⣬׿˵죬ΪһԲ±ϣˮڲָɡ
ԴǣԴѪʱ֮ͨԺҲǵķʽ



ڶǧʮ ¯
ԲգĻɢһɽƮ
̩ǵĸ䡣
ԴѪԴԸĲ룬˲Ťתս֣áܼԳ쳣λԴ˿Ҫѵļ
ԨĹ֮Դȫ귨ĸ裬̤˺һĽ·
ͬڴ˿̡
¯ĳףڱڻȻ䣬ˡ롢ȸȹޣԻ縴һ£ر
Ļ·ɫħ
һɲԯ಻ڼ׵Ȼڲ
ȼŵ̶أײɫ꺣ӿлʧ
ʧĻܣȻǱ¯ɣ뵽¯
ʴ˲֪ĺԴ꣬¯ʱƺӭԵĸա
Ƭ̺ˬʺĳЦ¯
ЦԨҲ㯵ԯռʶ

ʶһػ磬ӲǱ˳ȥɵȼյ̶ء
ԯ˹İأԨӰңҸղšãȻʧ롣
ҵĺͽܰˣ
̹˹ĴЦԯϵ״λԴ͵Ĵħ񣬲֪ôͳ¯С
ԨҲһ㶡
ߣ뿪ط˵
һİħ꣬ǼΪϺɫðԯӦ׾ҷȥ
뿪
һɴ̶صײڵ־ˮڲطŤų
ˮѤù⻪һ̶رصӿ棬ƺ֮
ԨǾߵʮһ񣬺ıĹ֮ͻȻӦն̨Ĺâס˲Ӻ֮롣
ʧǰƯͷƬڻ꺣æƯȼյ̶ء
ΪݵԴ꣬ħ񱴶̹˹ʼط
κⷢ
֪ʲôʱת޽ͬ˵ļףҲԴĶŵ

¯һ¯ĽĻˣܣȸ˶ŨѪȻ¯ڱ
ĺð
̹˹ĴЦϺɫ״
Ժ׾ͺԯֿȹ۵ԯ̤Ŷ档
Ѹپһ
ϥǣⲿҲ޶ΣյĻʢͷž˵
ԺһƬȼյĻ𺣣̫֡
ϺɫףǲϵرãʱΪ¯ʱΪһܣʱΪС
ǽԼΪ᳤֮¯֮Ī״ļе֮ķա
Ȼ󣬼ҵĻ¯Ҷ벻׳٣

̹˹¯йЦͻȻЦһֹƺˣ¯ǰ棬ҩڵһΪͽƵĵ¯
ħ꣬ϺɫУԨı
ڼԺ󣬼ǵһ£ǵȺ¯ȡѵͲ֪¯ʦͽˣжôĹؼҪ
Ԩͷ֪ˡ
̹˹ˣ
ħ񣡡
峤
еħ塢ذǿȷǴЦڱ̹˹Ժ󣬶ʱ
һģ·ȻĹǣƼϣ⡣
ħ񱴶̹˹ԴһֱϵǿȺŷİȻһ¶ħꡣ
̹˹ħԷֻǧǴҶ֪ʵ˶֪ħ꣬һξڻͨɪ˹ŪġԨ춴̤Ԩ
ȥԨ˰ɪ˹ˣԨһš
ҲΪĴڣΪֹԨڶа񣬶ֻаʥڣûܹԴ硣
˭뵽˹ؼʱһħУ
ԨΪͽԳʦͽˣ
塢ٱߣͷСҲⷬסһӷӦˡ

ձΪϺɫĵ¯ڵĻ磬˹ձ̹˹ħӰĻߡ
ⵤ¯Ҳ֮׵ľ󣬽ػȼյܣһһӡȥγɡұţڽ¯Խݵĵ֮ף׵Ļȥں֮ķʲô
ҲػΪܹΪܹҵǸԴꡣ

̹˹ħӰǵ¯ڣЦķ·ǰߺȵ¯Ҫһħ
ħӵһħ꣬ûѪ
ÿһλħǿһ̶ȣҪרŵħ
ǵħǱУǶܼףҲǿߵĺǣһۡ
Ϊĵ¯Ǵħ񱴶̹˹ΪԼƵһħ
ħΪгһܿףӦԴ꣬ʲô⡣
ԴԺ󣬾ͲٻӦ֪ڲԾ
һʼʱΪ̩̹սԴĲ룬Ҳһˣ볤ʱߡ
𣬴Ԩ̫񣬶ǳٳ޷ͨԴ֪꣬ˣһأ
ãĵǹɼףҲڷ¡
ԣһλҩĵ˵¯ĳ֡
㡭
¯Ȼ򡰲ܼ󡱡
еĴħ񱴶̹˹ɫƺһֱšܼ󡱵ͫĬĬ֪Եıá
¡
񷶥ͻȻײһ޴Ŀֳһֺ׳ĵá
аʥ
ͻȻûĸǿӦӲϾǵߺעڷתơ
ˣع顣
ػߵԨԺ϶ǫƺȺһ̣Ⱥǧꡣ



ڶǧʮ 
֮ϣһֺ׳ĵã
дĿǿ⣬Ŀ䣬ԭԻ谵أͻȻ

Ѫսʿˣſڵǿ⣬ѪڷڣصѪƺ֡
ӵһ̳֮ĲͷϴŵĹᣬŹԴҫڷ⡣
䵽õǿ⣬ˣˣů
֮Դ飡
Ҫȥ֤ʵ˾ܿ϶Ȼǡ֮Դ顱ͷųĹâԨصá
аʥ
Ԩ˵еʥ
˾£ӳ೾ǿ̩񷡣
ҵսʱֹ
һɭɭɽ̩ǻ˾Ӻ֮͡·ЮĴɢ
ħ񱴶̹˹Ľʥ֣˵ɱͣˡ
Ҳˡ
¯еı̹˹ֿЦšܼ΢΢ڴѡǣҲϣԺ󣬶ҵ壬չڵСӣžŰɡ
ںݵһս־Խ٣̹˹ڻ
䱴̹˹º֪ҲԨԨ֮Ϊ̤淴֮·ͼԨԴ
ԨôĪҲ뷨
ˣ
ͻʵŸпͻʥ
䣡
ݶȻһ𣬴ӵ·϶ӿԨĽӳʥע롣
͸ׯϺµĵãڻ磬Ųͬ
ӺݶԨעĹһ䣬һӵض𣬽еǷ
ƺֻξУŻżէֵĵãȨĴ
ÿһλԺݣӵбԴߣõʱ򣬶Ȼһĸܡ
Ҫ׽á
ƺֻҪãĳϴͬͨ϶صĵãȡ߲
ִʮһ
ӰˣĵãʯڵӡǣӰѪɡ
аˣͨø֪ԨľѪ֡
аʥ
̫ʼ̫飬λýٻͻȻٴӵԼԺǻۡ
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ԨҡҷѪ꣬ñһС
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Ԩ磬޾ĺڰ֮УҵҲмޡǾȻԴ磬ͳˡ
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ڣʯеǸħ񱴶̹˹ڽֻǺЦ

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Ԩ̤ݵǾۿ䣬ԴѪԴǣҲ׷ײͻȻ򡰿ҫǡն̨ӱɵС
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죡
ǳΪУҷƥâĿռУ˺صĽ⣬γɵĽնѡ

ϽɫĽڣһƬƬ޴ۣλΣնķ׷ըѡ



ڶǧʮ 
ǳΪпڣʹһǿս򣬺
Ԩ˿չֳĿݡ
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뿪Ҫ졣
ԨһԯԺ𣬡ǼѵĶֻҪڴ˵أκʱ̷ɳݣٴչ
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죬Ҳֵɵ֮תĿ꣬Դǵطɳ
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ԶԴѪѿڣͼԣԨʮһչ֡
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Ԩʮһ񣬱һͣӡУԴѪء
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ǰãԴѪͻȻ֪ǴԨǱ̩̹Ԩ
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˿̣֪Ԩ֮ԨУ̩̹սԨǿԴѪȻµĹ۸С
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ֵǣǿԴĻȴûڹ֮ڳ֡
ԴǾãԨԴԨΪý飬ȡƿصȨ
ȴԨԨԴİõһ㡣
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Ӻ֮ķɳԨ壬ԼĹ֮΢Ц˵

˾ٴη֮·Ĺ壬еأǿţ뵽塣
ȻԴǽа壬ԴǽҪջصٴͶ



ڶǧʮ ̳
ѿڶĻ򣬲Դǿս򣬳ɡ
ܵ룬ӸǨƶˣ֪գкҲһҴ롣
Ԩʮһ飬һ뵽ݵصǿԴ黹ڣһǸеơ
ʱԨǾ߹֮˵ĲĿ
֮˾ӣһġ֮·ͻȻ룬ֹĽ֮·
ǣԤԺһֲ졣
лҰɫĹŤոƴźҪ˾Ӻ֮͡·Ԩ߹֮ߡ
ҰɫĹߣԴǵԡ
ԨıָԤʱЩѪɫ˾ӣ֮·类ʯ⡣
Ǳ޶Ԩ֮⣬޷ѡ
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˵ע˺ݣеаʥԨܼ󡢼۵ȹؼĶϡ
ܼɫͫԨüģ͸졣
۾ɫΪɫʹݵԴ꣬ĿǰʱȾԼǻۡ
Ԩü쳣мȤһֱſ
Ƭ̺˵ͷȻȥ
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ʵں֮ڣǻӿ̶ڣԨԴ꿹
ϣܳɹ
ʱ˼ʶԨԺ

Ԩʶһ˽̳ƯţǿߵĻܡ
͸ڲŸʽĵ磬ŲͬķĻ̲Уһֵϴ

̳껪⣬Ī⡣
ͺ֮Դ껯Ļ̳ΪƣֻûлȼգûھڱԴ
Ԫתģһġ̳
ɱ䣬ԪĽףͱôһ̳
ûбԴļӳںϣôһӨ̳Ԫ̬һá
̳ʵڵģʵʻģܴʶ롣
ںݵ壬ԪͱԴҪϣܹʵ
ܼԺǸֵɵԪ̴֮Цĺڰ˪һӨɽ
ЩǿߵԪֻ뱾ԴԺ󣬲ܴûʵ
ħĴħ£ǱǱ̹˹ħ궼ֻǻ壬޷ʵʻ
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ԪʱŸܣȻһʵʻġ̳
̳гɳĿռ䡣
̳ĴڣǼ໥Ǿ߹ܹ֮ȥԴǡ

ġ̳·ͻȻбӨİһ
ӨİӡԴǵķԹ֮İܺ͡

ϸġ֮·͡סصطأ˰ڵĵ硣
߱ǡ̳̬ԪӡŹ֮յʶγһµ̨棡
ġ̳һȻΪ㣬ײΪɫ̨档

һЩľ飬ڰ̨γɣ͸챦ʯ
챦ʯľ飬̳ײ㣬أӡ档
գ֮䣬Ԫġ̳Ͷ㡣
̳һ㡣
㡰̳һ֣Ԩ֪ⱾΪԨ֮ʱԨ֮
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ֻҪܹؼĲͬԴ鴦õԷķУԼġ̳棬չһ
ΪԨ֮ʱ̳棬һ̨棬кڰγɵһ㣬вľ֮黯һ㣬й֮Դγɵһ㡣
ԨļλԴ飬ڰ֮Դ飬ľԴ飬ڳԴʱ򣬶ȽԼİ׳
ľовľԴ顣
ӦĴԴչ̳·Ϊ̨Ԫ
ǰġ̳֮ߣ
ͺڰвľԴԴȼݵԴѪԴǡ
ԺݵԴѪԴǣչ̨棬Ȼֻ㣬ȴеޱȵϲú㡣
֪ΪԨ֮ġ̳ʱȥġ
һ˳ĻؽԽ
µļӿ֣иЦ⵴
̨棬а̨棬̨·ˣ֮Ĺܻ֮ع鱾
֮ǰڣΪı̫ز񡢹֮
ҲΪԺû̳γɣûбӡ·ء
˿̣̳ص׵ĺ֮ǰ㣬͹֮ƿصķӡܶõѪط
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ģԶԿԨԴ꣬磬ЩԴĺͼ־
̳ĵ죬Ϊ˶ԸԴ飬ֹԨԴ飬֪Դ飡
ԭʱԨַʽȥԿԴꡣ
Ԩид
̳ĹУܶԿԴѪԴǵ־ֳȻԴп
ԨԨ֮ʱޱȵǿ
ڡ̳ʱ̩̹Ķ֡
ʱԨԴҲȫʢʱڣж
Ԩ֮䣬Ϊɱ̩̹ʱԨԴ̤֮صƬڰ־ͻȻ١
ԨԴ꣬ѡǸʱ֡
䣬ϸĻԨԴ̩̹ĺ͡
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ʱ㡰̳ѿľڰصİأԴһһĨ
ֻ˺Դص
̳Խ࣬ܶõԽǿҲԽܶԿݵԴꡣ
ֻ߲ģѵ̳ΪԴҪһֱһֱֻܷԴꡣ
Ϊ̫ʱҲǽңҪ֪Լ˭ˡ
ۡ
ԨͻȻȡ
۳һ£ԹԴ̩Ƿɳǰͣ£ˣкηԸ
ң֮䣬Ҫһѡ񡣡
ԨȻϾɭĿ⣬񲻰ļۣ֪Լ˭֪Լʲô㣬ʵ֪ΪҺһģˡ



ڶǧʮ ѵѡ
üͷ壬ĿƵƵݣڳԹͨ־
ȻصԨԴ꣬ûʱӦ
¡
Ǭ½˹صаʥȴڴ˿̾
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ݵĵǸִʥػߣнҪ鴦޷Ӧ
ֱַ治ʻԨˣȻʧС
ΪԨıɱУɱ䲢ûн
еԨбԴۼҳɹԱʮһ
ڵԨûǸ̶ȡ
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ԨԴѪͻͷ䣬Ѫ⣬Ԩͫ
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ɫĽ죬̽ʻܱΪݵ˼ȣڶʧʷеɡ
ںǿʢȴָɣһЩڣڡƵ족г֡
ɽ𢣬۹ɣĮޣڡƵ족ڲ߶ãҫĿĹԡ
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ʷϣлԻ͹Ĺȣ˽һӰ
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ʮһԨն̨üģԴѪ־͸ϾɱԶ

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ͬԴȾʧȥԼǻۣԸԷ
ļףҲѡԨԴΪ飬תԨԸ
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뱾ԴȻҪ
ʱԨͻȻȵ氲һӦпңʱ
ͷʹѣӵ·Щںݣںݵ壬ħӡƵ족ڳ˳а裬Ҫűꡣ
㣡
ˣһֱ㣡
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زҽУͷ໺ָڱԴ
ڱԴѪ⣬ָͷֻʣ¹ǽڣûѪ⡣
ԴΪµ
ػ֣ǸѪıԴɫлһͬˡܼ󡱡
ܼǸˡƵ족лᦣڱԴסƵ죬ĴаʥĴϡ
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䣡
֮һɱԴ飬аʥ𵴲ݡ
ܼ󡱵Ŀ⣬ͣ氲ϡ
Եһ£ȥɱߡ
ԨԱǸܼ˵ôһ仰㽫鱾ԴܱԴʴķ֪氲
ǲĻͽԴȥҵķԪ𣡡


ħ̴Ц죬ûеȵԤڵĹһ䣬ħݻ٣Ĩĺڰ
һƬƬ½صҶӣҲٻ۹Դ
ľ˪ţȻԨײĺڰȥ
̴ЦЩ㱣֪ʲôȻɵӹһ٣ûб𣬻ܴ
Ҹ׾㡣
櫵һħ꣬ڴ˿̵İ̴֣Ц죬аʥ֧һԽľɣܴҸףĿǰʥͷаΧ
㸸ǡ̹˹̴Ц쾪ȵ
ͷ飬ӺݵǣûҪڰƴɱ
ħ꣬ڿŵʱ򣬷Ѿ˲ʧ
̴Ц챾ڰ򣬴ĺڰȣĽͺͻȻ˴ӻĽԬ롣
Ԭº͵ЦЦҲˡ
˿ȫ˪Ԧ˼˪˪Ѫмıˡ
˹ûˡ
Ԭָµĺ̳
˹ȻָѣʱһѪ֣˼˪һϢأ˲Ƶīеĺ̳
Ԭ̴Ц˵ͷֶ԰櫵ħ꣬˵ɱڶһ£Ǽǳġ
Ű櫵ħһ
櫷ڰһħ꣬һ³ݰ
ಣ
īڰƾʧֻһȦռ
ıӨڣ̴Ц춴ֱԨľ˸ӣúͻһΪʵء
أīƿܹ֮ÿռ䷨
ͬī֮䣬໥ܱͣ˴һ£

Ԭ룡
ԬԴˣ
ħХʥħ½һʵħɽ·ħСħͷںű̹˹֡
еħڱ̹˹ֻʱ֪عϢ
ħڻǴ˴ʤ̣ű̹˹Ĺ¡
ȴ֪Ľ֮Ԭ룬ͳŵڶһ̤뵽Դ硣
һΣԬǾ߱ԨͻƵʮһҲһͬǰ
ĽҾ



ڶǧʮ ս
ùԬ롣
һƮħӰħɽ󷽵֣ħ
ħ񣡡
峤
еħӰԻʱߵݡ
״ˣ
Ҳ¶ϲ֮飬ЩħȻע⵽̹˹Ӱ񣬲ûŨħۡ
Ӱ񣬺ԣûӴӯ
ζţǰƺصı̹˹ֻһӰ߱Ŀֲħ
ں͵ͬԬˣҲ졣
̹˹ΡħӰȰ궯ħͷȻֵ
ħܰɽͬʱӦڣ
ħӦŴħ񱴶̹˹ƶž޴ɽչʾǵĴڣ峤ˣһֱڵȺĴ
Ҳλħǳפش˵أӲ
ħȺǨڱ̹˹λħȴ֪
ǿߵУûǵӰš
ǣȴǱȴ˾£ƾõϱħ
̹˹ٻǾͻԶţ¶ǵĴڡ
ԨײڰĶ
ָʾԺ󣬱̹˹ȻħӰħɽû
һݸ櫣עݵֻѡҪ飬󲿷ֵħ꣬Ӧ÷ڻǱߡСĵ㣬ݺԨԴ꣬пʴ㡣
ˣ


һڱԴΪĺߣΪһҰĹ⣬һѷ롣
ԶˣĺͽܡܼҲˣ֪ҲҶֻӵԶԶġ
ܼҲֻĿԶ롣
Ĭrȣ߸ɡ
ԨеǾ߹֮Ѫɫ˾Уźķ򣬷Ը
ĬrȻȥ
Ⱥ߸ɣһɽĹƺ
Ҷҡ
Ⱥ߸ɵ˵ͷĬr֮Ҳ׷ɱݵĺߡ
λס̬ȺȷߴԨԴ꣬еλ־ںԴԴ飬һСͬˡ
˽Դ꣬ԴѪԴǣҪԨǿԴ顣
ǰ뱾ԴʱҪڻԽԶԽá
Ԩʮһ񣬵ͷ氲󣬼Ҳ޳Դһ֮

߲ͷ׵ϼ⣬氲ס俪һͨʹҫǡһѨ
氲ˣʱѵǧ硣
ף
ԨԶ
⣬ɫƷӿ
һСаʥͨϵĹƯӿУƻȻһ塣
Ż򻺻
ɫ¹񣬻ʮİǣѻֳӴеĹǰ
ɫɫɫɫѪܣЩŵǿɢݣиɫḻ
컢̬֮
֨ѽ
صĹųǰһ̻ڰţͨڲлع飬ӳĴ̤
ڷǰԻѿĿӣ˾ƹܵĻ
ݣݣ
Ů壬壬лˣҫǡ˺ѵĿӷɳ
ЩѪȼֻǰ˼żսʿһ򣬺Ȼһֺ׳ĹһͷͷŵĲɢ


Ѫսʿǣϻ̳Ͽֵأֲܿ
Сأ¹ǰ񣬻ͻȻ֡
ױϢ˵컢Ƴһۺ󣬱˻ַС
ɴ⣬ҲҶٶȳ롣

׳컢ָԼüģͫɭжҪȾңŤҵ˼ʶ
Ҳǡ
òɲԾ룬С˵һ䡣
Ԩն̨סԼüģ·ֹ͸
һſɺѪǳԨͷ­⣬ѪɫΣŤգݳܸ֪߽
߽ħ꣬Ƭ̵ʧ㱡
һ˼ʶħʱ֣Ҫ͸ԣȴļ͵־¡
컢ûеõӦ
ǲ̧ͷŴӰţȴپԱŤȲгĿͣڲŮʵϡ
컢ʱе
ˣ
Ŵڱ⣬ǿƿ˵Ŀ⣬Ԭˡ
컢󾪡
ɫͫ͸ĿӣռʱͿ˻Ҿ֣ÿһˡ
Ԩ֮֮壬бһ顣
ֵɣ£ۣӳ೾ߣûһۡ
գˣڰǬ½аʥ˰šƵ족ոһԴġܼ󡱡
ܼ󡱵һ̣ܼҲ̧ͷ˹
Ӳܼ󡱣ڻֳϾһЩů⡣
һĻŵ
岻ͬ
̩̹ûǰ㵮ںݵ飬ҵĺۼʾá
ɫ컢룬񣬻Щ񣬶̩̹ԺԨԴԺ½ںݵ
ѱȾԨԴĺۼ
Ǹ⡣
ʹħ񱴶̹˹ͬʱĲںݳʱ̩̹δִҲûнԨԴ
ðңҲܰ㡣

ﲻΪߴܼ󡱵ջأҡҡͷֿħ׿˻Բ¡
һԲ£ѾԵòôޣѪɫҲü
ԲµǣһֳӯġԲ¡һֱѪɫͫ㣬Ҳ
ԴѪҲ
ٴҡͷˡǰȥʱ㲻Ͼңҡ
Ȼѡиͺúóܰɡ
Ԩܾᣬܾĸ壬ҵԴѪڿųʱ˱뷨
ԴѪҪıĿ꣬ҪΪԼЧϸɱԨ
ŵԨԺ󣬽иţȫȱʧĲ֣ܹʮһΪͻĽ֮ԬһĴڡ

ŮʣͻȻע⵽˷֣ҲŵӰ
ûκԥ˽ŲѰ֦ɣи£ӻѿһȻɳ
ͷ۵Ρ뷨˲Ѥòʴķࡣ
ķԺһƬ캣ֳɫţ˫ȶʱ֮ͻ֮֡
ָĲŮʣսһ¥ء
ˣѰ·
Х
޵УֻҪһ棬鶼ᱻʱ£Ҫȥָһ



ڶǧʮһ 羳ɽ
Ȼ
ǸԴͻĽϣһƬţ˿
ϱͻּͷɫʡ
ٲ֣פڴ˵ˣһЩľżսʿȻѤõĹ֡
֣
Ľ֣
Ǽţ֪ͷһߵѶϢһֻ߲ʵس롣
¡
Ͻ羵飬һԡѪɫ⣬ڶǳĸɽԽϣһľͷ
ޱţֻɽĽӽʱնѹıΡ
ڵĴӪ̫ʼɽ͵Щ½أߴɽȣ϶ԱΡ
ֱһᡣ
½ϵѪսʿڵˣ̻ߣɽ
ȴ֣Ǹɽ֮ۡ
ɽɽƲǳѾĿ֮ޡ
ÿһǳʵڵģ֮
໣أ
ƸɽǳлĽУ񷢳춯صѪ⵴
ڵĴӪһʯ½أͻȻըѡ
ѿ½֮ϣЩûȥҲûǰݿֵ壬սʿѪȫѪꡣ
Ѫ꣬û׹䵽·ģϡ
פǳǣһѪЦ
µģЩ˵Ѫ⺡ǡ
Ƭ̺󣬸ɽǳŸԶɢ
Ȼһſŵǳ̵Ϊʯĳ촷ۻҳ
ɽ¡¡ػƶ
ǺӣѣǳڲĲǿձ߽ϡǿܣ类ûһ㣬ɽۡ
ûѡػĵؽ磬ǴȻֱӴݻڵӪ
פش˵ߣԴһ̣ȫ
ݺǺӰ㣬ȺݸΪӴŵĸɽȺǵĻƼŲٶɻԽԽ졣

Ԭ룡
Ľִ֮
һȺǳеľɽͻȻȻ٣
ȻĴӪأֻɽͷĳ֣Ѿѿ
ɽʲô
ԴĸϢڷشȻĻѣɽĳ֣òļ²
ǽãֶѵ磬ֽͷ
ߴɽԴƶţֵ鶼ᱻ¾
ȻʻǳеһڵȫǿܣҲע뵽ɽ
һ޵׶û;еһУ̰
ڼ׵ƶ£ȥʱҲֻɻһĻУúܹХ
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ĴڣĺУ;ǺһƬš
ţȲŮݱǿո¡
Ůʣɱֻǻ飬ֻ
ǽǳǺܣһŶĨñ򣬱Ϊһޣŵ硣
硰Ԩ춴㣬ûʳԴء


ԨԺ㡰̳Уڽɱ䡣
Ĺ֮壬İԴղ˾Ӻ֮͡·ֻܻ⡣
Ԭ룡
һӦġ֮·Ȼڶ֣֮·Ȼ򣬱괦ڻķϵ״̬
֮·УȻӿֵ꣬ûļ䣬Ѹٻȡ
Ĳд䣬ȺǻƵĸɽһģڸɽԵǳ
ѪɢڵӪһ
֪Ľ֮Ԭ룬ͳڶһδ֣һսȻǰ㣬Ǵض顣
䣡
аʥ𵴲ݣŨа֮ѪѪ֪ٵа򱴶̹˹
ܼԥƬ̣䡣
ն̨סüĵԨͻȻ˲Ůʣţڻⲿǿյս
һֱҪڣҪԴѪϢġ
ˡ
ԴѪ־ͨһ֡Բ¡չ֡
Ԩѹʱһɡ
ԴѪƴأƶҪҪʩչ
ԴѪ·ܵв˸ҪµĶֳ֡
Ԩһĥ֪˴ӻĽɽֹлĽ֮Ԭ룬Ӧûһ߼Դ顣
ȻҾ
ˣĽӦòҪض飬ҪĽĴ֣չԴ磬Ԩ
Ľͼ
ˣ
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۵һħ׿Ѫ𣬾Ԩǰʧ
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ԴѪ־뿪ԺǾ߲ظڲѵħȻӭ˻
ֻԴѪһƷ

ңԶΪԴѪ½ǳͷҫĿѪâ
ѪħˣȻѹ֣쳣
׿ˡ
ǵ峤ƺѾˡ
оżѪħϣ쵽ħ׿˵ǹѪɫʥڣһյƵ֮Ϩ
׿ѪħĽһҪս̹˹Ϊħ峤
ᣬֵʢ꣬
ôĪˣѪħսʿ֪ôģ֪ںδ
ѪħĹȣ˳ڻ׿˵ķṦΰΪ
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ܱߵǳ磬ѪɫܲĸӹƾγһǣʹŨԴѪ½С
ԴѪ½ѪâĿ
ǺݣԴѪ½лĽɽڲԴǳ磬ԴĴܹƶġ
ǳ磬Դ߱ԣǳǵ
ǻģ
ǣǵÿƶҪɹ۵
ĽɽĿ羳ܵͬͬԴĳڣɽڲһԴѪҲʼж
һǿܣԷлۡ
ȺѪħ壬Ѩ壬л壬ٲҹˣܵ
һ˯
Ҫʱ飬׼ѪܣǿܣҲҪΪӯ
ÿһԴ飬𣬱߱
ǿվ޺ȣֻС׼ףһ
ΪǵѣǵĻҪӴ֧֣طƣǲҪʱĳߡ
꣬ʮ꣬꣬ҲδػԺƶ
ΪǵƶֻһƬš
˿̣ҲһεۣȴԴƵƵ֡
ݣԴѪ½羳ɽظ߽Դǳ½¶ǵĴڡ



ڶǧʮ ԴҪ
Ԩң
ͻȻֳ˾֮ˮ֮򣬳Ԩȡ
ΪɫһȦȦѪɫιţƵѪܣԴѪ־ӿ뵽ľ֮ġ
У͸Ѫ硣
罻֯ŨҵڽʶĴ
ԴѪ½ùصأǲǿվޣûر⡣
صѪУӡľ֮ģжӦѪΪŦΪԴѪ־ٵͨ
ڿ˸׿˵³֪ԸϽԨȡ
ǣԨע⵽ˮ֮ѱѪɫȾ֪ˡ
޻꣬ҲԴѪѪɫûʼӦԴѪ
ܶչԴѪ˶ΣȽѪħ׿ڣȵ׿˺Ժֶ
׿˺һͬص㣬ڶһֲȱС
ǲԴѪѵĶѡ񣬿ԴѪûѡֻܰ
вȫֻмһ֣ԴѪ־ٲãե˸׿ˡ
ҲѲˡ
㵽ʲô
ƾѪԴĸӦԺйӰ֡
ԴѪ½ǿųǳȻҲƶڲʳ
ĸɽȻһޣ
䣡
Ǳ̫飬̩·ĽڴѪɫĹֳ֡
һ조̳̫飬ҲѪħĴħ֮Ҳһ屻ӡ
̫һ㶣ԽԨʶģ
Դ뿪ԺԺ󣬲Żָѵ̫飬ֱԴѪϣͨڵ̳ʳǡ
·İ磬ҲûѱԴѪʴˡ
Ԩ
ߺţ㱻ŨѪɫûһƯյѪš
ԴѪ־ڷԨ֮󣬷֡
硢̫飬ֻҪմȾһߣڱ־롣
Դ飬оΣҪʱ򣬻ԥôȥ
磬׿ˣ̫飬ֻ
ܼԺݵԴ˵Ҳֻ
ħ񱴶̹˹ԨԬ룬Щ˵ѪЩԴƵ
ҪʱԴ߬סԼ־ƿս
ľѣԨ֪пʵ
ԴĳڣûУǴὫǵ飬Լĺ
ֻǵߣΪǷҪʱ

Ԩ֮˾ӣһġ֮·Ȼٴͣ¡
һҰɽƯǺ
ɽϣĹ裬һԵ͸
ͬʱ
׷ɱߵĹĬrٻڹ֮ϡ
ǹԣͨ٣뵽Ĭrڡ
ĬrʱԴǵ塣
ʱԨʶûдﵽʮһߣֲʵĻͳܲԴ־פ
׿˾Ѫյӡ
ԯԸ壬ȼճɻҽûɱ䣬ԯӦˡ
ܼ󣬱ݵԴº͵ʹãҲӶˡ
磬̫飬ڵĹĬrǶֱԴ塣
ԴֻҪչڴݲǵ꣬
㣬㣬ʲô
Ԩ񣬻Ĺ̫֮Ĭrϣ֪ԴѪԴǵںϡ
뿴ЩˣԴ׿˰ľ
Ԭ룿
˽Դ飬ĵһȷѶţȻɱԬ롣
ɽӻĽЯڶԬ룬˽ԴѪԴꡢԴΪĶ
ݵԨԴ꣬ȼȻԬ֮
Ԭĵִɽĺ޼ɣڴݻԴ磬ǵԴݼš
ԴǿľҲ
ԬŻҶԴľٶŭ˴˷Դ顣
̩̹λǿԴ飬ҪռԴ磬ҪڴˣҪԴ飬缫ף֮Դ㳼
Ԭ룬Ԭ뱳λҪԴ硣
ҪԬĻ
Ԩͷ
ʹ˽Դ飬̼Э飬ڻӴִն̨Ȼ˺һշ϶

̴Ц죬Ѱ𣿡
Ⱥǵĸɽۣ̬֮֮ͬԬ룬վǰŵ·ħ̴ЦҡͷҪˣҵıһѪӰ
Ԭޱ޼ʵĺܱߵǳΪһ壬·е񣬶Ӧĺ
ǳ֮ϣһӴ񣬳̴ЦЦ
Ӱ뿪Ժ󣬱ȥ̴Ц죬;쵽ɽıС
תˣվɽǰҪסɽĺ޼ɡ
̴Ц쿴ˣɽǺȫΪţ鶼ɱǿɽɡ
ţԬԩ޳𣬺Ҳûڡ
ͷԳǰĹϵ
ԬɽĺУŲˬǰ·
ټһԴ磬ȥɽȥĽ֮ԬָƫƫЩ˴˿̶ڻ
ˣ̴Цˡ
ϻࡣ
̴ЦЦţĺڰֹɢ



ڶǧʮ ·
޴ĸɽأһҺɫ½ǳУֳһɽ
ֻɽ磬׻ɷðǷ½ҲʬܶʬǶԴ顣
Ԭĺɽ򣬱̴ͣЦ챳Ƭڰ
۵

ɽ򻺻ãΪһλӺݸ߹ĺȹϵ׺˺ܶྫƷ
ϸȥĻͻᷢÿһµƷԲͬĹͷɡ
Щͷ⣬Ϊǻѩ׵ı䣬Ƕˡ
ּ⣬ס
תȳԬ빪񣬵ٴο̴ЦʱҪΪͨڰԴ飬ʮһսʸ񡣡
ҡҡͷɭ˵㻹񣡡
ƸɽǳڹѪ֣һͷͷʮ¶ݡ
ɽ΢Ⱥҫ춯ء
ʨŵ˹˹Գ⣬ڶӴľް񣬷׷ǳ¶ͷ
УмϢѷɫǿվޡ
ͷһ̴Ц죬˻
̴Цıԡڰ֮족磬ոһĺڰ飬Ĵͷγɡ
ڻص໺Уһڰȱ飬ĺڰħĻҷ
Żġڰ֮족һγܵѷɫľҶӴЩǿ⡣
ĵǰ·̴Ц죬Ĵһش
䣡
һƬӿĺڰţɢҲ޺ǿֹ
̴ЦͷҲһа͸
һ£ͼһֻɽвʶⲽ
ɽ㣬ÿһʱһɡ
һ̴֣Цʶ־ԣĺڰ򣬾ǻӿȥǱɽɼ
̴Цʱ
ֻӻĽĺɽ򣬺ͱһտаͨԴ꣬Դǵһְء
ܱ߲ܼ귽趼ߣеһࡣ
ڰԴܣ
̴ЦһʮһǣΪһڵĹ⡣
ųӯ޾صĹţܼĺڰ֯ɣȻΪһͬȹģĸɽҲһſǳơ
ɽΪɫһſŵǳҲڵɫ
ɽһ֣쾰һԺλڰȻӰ쵽ʵء
ԬڵɽԴѪ½һ죬ȴͻȻΪɫ
ɽԱߵЩǳԭɫҲʱΪɫ
ڶǣлĽ֮Ԭ룬·һ˲䣬̴Ц뵽ĺڰ磬ܶ˴˿Է˼ʶҲˡ
ֻɽԼǳ磬ҲͻȻʧ
ԬȻһЦԺݴеͷԳ˵ݹȻ棬ͳ̴Цۡ
̴Цȷʵ
ںݵͷԳȻֳǶصľԳ֮촸㳯ȥ
ѵ
һȥͻѪⱬը̴Ц칹ĺڰ˷ֹ
ɽ򣬻оһµ񣬷һлָԭ״
Ԭͬ壬ǵޱصԳСԬĸ壬Ѫ
촸һƵ̴Цġڰ֮Ļ̴ЦҲһ
̴Ц춼û뵽ʮһڰԺԳͷۡ
̴Ц죬ҲǾʶˣ֮º޹أ߰ɡ
ԳƣǵصĶ˶ͫе⽻֯ͷйѪ𵴲ݡ
ԳɽԺ󣬷·ɱˣǿ
ڵĺһϸ£̴ЦҲ˿

쿪һ죬ԨǾʮһ񣬴ӻѿն
Ԩ
̴Цɫ΢ûеϲ¶
Ԩа񣬳ƺΪԨ֮ڰߣҲҪ㡣ԨΪʲô˶ã̴Ц᲻㣿
ҵ£Ժ˵
Ԩü̴Цһۣ֪̫á
ڰһɱԴλԽľΡ
ͱһ̴Цһ֮ĻĽսʹԬ뻹ûг̴֣Ц˵ˡ
ܹĺڰԴ飬ΪĿǰԨϼɵԨԴ̴꣬Цṩ
̴Ц죬Ȼ赲ɽ赲һԨҲЩˡ
ˡ
վɽ۵Ԭ룬ƺһֱڵȺģǰʮһԨ
ɽԴΪɱڴıԨ
ʮһԨԲͬԴѪɾʮһǲ޵С
ĲǸۣ峤ǵռԴǺǣûнԬﰡ׵磬ҪҵƤӵ£ѰǹɹԴΪƹң
Ԭ볶Ц
ƣУͻȻɳ˿˼
СŮĿ˼ѪţݵֻʣƤͷյԬǰ
Ԭһֻ֣סѩײĹڵϡ
˼ûԼѪϢอѪռ
ңѾûࡣ
ǿ࣬·˳ڱĵط
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ԼҪѰǿԹҡ
Ԭ
꣡
˼ĲϣȴûһѪ
Դڶ壬ڱ̹˹ʮǿѵõ֮ԴʮһĿ˼ôˡ



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Ԩ֮źڼָȥ˴֮ص̴Ц죬úڰԴľˣȫĺڰС
Դ˽ʮһ
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ԨĬĬҲûϵž޵峤Ľ粻ãԬĶ֡
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ԨЩ

һų˲ɼĻ꣬ӿ˼ʬƮλǿߵĲл꣬ܵظ֪֮·Ҫѭعеķ򣬽ֻת
Ļеԣ·ȻأԨʮһ
ԨһĹ֮ź͸ĬrԴǹͨ
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ԬȭָѪ䣬Ļ괷ȥ
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ԴǣҲУÿ˼ء
Ԩ㻹ôԼɣ
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ԨͻȻͷ֣ǣһԴصһȻԴء
Ԭصĺɽ򣬾ȻԾ˵ǻۣڻĽ֮
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аʥܶãͱҺͱ̹˹ͷϼ磡



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ԨЩ񣬼εϮͷܶû롣
ԨĿ⣬ʱžȵػ
֪ΪΣԨڿͷܵǣ;ԴͷܣѪԴͷͷһµġ
ͨġϱ˳ͻƵʮ
ǣԨͷܵһ̣֪ԴıܣͷܵĶ֡
Ȼͷû
ܣԬ£ںɽǿ
ȻһͷëĽݻߡ
һµǳ·Ưһ㣬ΪˣԿ˼ǺڶྫƷĹߡ
ţԴγɵǳΨһһûбġ
ͷԳ
ͷԳոձԨ·ģûûǿţԬΪǳ硣
ɽ򣬾ܣݻߣɽ۵
ǽСγɣȫߣÿһս
ޱȣͷȥ̩̹Ļһ벻ͨ
Ԭ
ʱĸɽ𶯣ڣҲûµ񱻸
Ԩһ
Щ̩ǣ籡ſǿܵУһʮ
Ԩ֮ǰҲʮУҲûƳ
ҲЩӿûΪԴŨ֮صУ״Ӻδǣ
²⣬ǴԴǺӱء
ȥһˣŮʵԬ룬ȻҲ˵벻ͨ
Դκεط
Ԭ뾹ȻϾЦҡͷ˵ЩصĶңҪʱȥ̽
䣡
ɽٴξ
ն̨ϽƿɽܱߵѪըѵ𵴣ʹһſɽ۽Զǳͻơ
Щϵ͵񣬷ŭƺԨԬ뽲֡
ȹĺɽüһɢأʼղľܣõţ
ܷ·ûشĮǰҾ֡
ԬȻ
һ飬æҡͷԵصͺ
ڵǿǳͻȻ³ǳҲȻŴ󣬺ƵѪţЩԨӿԴڶѪ֮µĹӣдն̨Ĺâһײı
ΪŵͷܣǿǳٲȻһ壬ۻĿֲչţ˵ӺϽѪâ
ԨĵһųԵĹƣȻǱͷ
ԨһۿͷܵĺѪ;ޱȣ
ѵ̫ʼ㣬ͨŴ֮
Ԩ΢
ǻĽ磬űΪ֮ܡڻĽ磬ܹŲǳһ÷λԬ뺬Ц
Ԩеɻ·ܹӦΪԨ
źһЦûлΪΣһͷë׵ĺɫܡ
ƵԨһĹƺͺڵǳַɻԭȵλá
ֻɽ򣬵͵ͺһԹϵԽ
û˵Ԭȥѧϰĺԡ
ܳԣܺȵ㣬óʱ͸óɽŭһνԴʱĻѵˣţҪԼ
ƲƲ죬ԵģȻûֻλĺɽ



ڶǧʮ 
֮ܡ
ԨһĿϸ֪ΪŵľܣȻ޽ӽʮһ
ڰѪɽ纣ڶУŵԬ롣
ɽԨĸоƺֻɽǿ
ңŵϢȺǵĸɽһ¡
ĽظɽŵԴͷ֮Ҫʱ򣬸ɽܹΪųӯ
ͷܺܲ򵥡
̴ЦҲΣûϵںɽ֮ţȻԨһԨĹûյЧ
һεĻĽ֣Ȼͷܣ
ɽ仰ħ̴Ц죬һοͷܡ
ͷľܣǿǳͷ˶·ЩѾû׷Ҳûвս
֮ģأﹾһ̴ЦԵЩꡣ
ʮһõڰص̴Ц죬Ҳû¡
Ԭֻɽ򣬻д˽Щ񣬾ȻҲûԴƺϰΪ֪ȷʵ̴Цս
Ҳ֪ŹˣЩֺóԱ
ڻĽԬͺɽ
ɽܹǰ棬ΪɽԴ˵塣
ɽͨ
ţ
ȹԼŭݵأ
һɸֵļơ
ܻ֮ɢ磬ûۿһֻɽ
ΪУֻɽͲĶ֣С
ɽ£һִ󲻾ֻüƽϣûʲô塣
ܳԽԬ룬µЩֶĶ֡
оǡ
ɽͻĽԴѪ˵Դ飬ǵŵĴ֮顣
ƾԬһġ
ԴѪͬ˵Ĵ֮飬ֻǳԴ飬ȫİ壬Ҳ޷ʮһ
ͺñȿ˼ʹڻĽҵһȱʧĹԴ֮Դֻǳ˼ʮһĿҲã
Ļȥ֮飬Դڡ
һ棬Ƕøж顣
һ棬ԬԴѪڣôҲʵ֣û׷
Ǵ֮ԭ
ţһֱڻĽĻļ޾ʮԴ磡
ԬͻȻسȡ
Թϵﹾһ棬Ԩˡ
ǰԴ磬ѾһأûʲôܹɽеĴ֮ף˳ƽʮһ
ԴȷûУҲ֪
Ԭ˵ͷûзϣ̧ԨԨ޾ڰҾ쵽жܹô֮סҲΪɱ䣬úһӵʮһ
Ԭͷ֮ܣ˵ƫ̬ȳĺá
ΪԬ뻹ûгΪĽ֮ǰͷܾͰҡ
ԴѪʹ֮ܵĵߣ㲻ѡ

棿֮ԹϵЩԬ룬ûƭҰɣ
ͱͬԬֱһһ
Ʋ𾴣ʵΪ㹻׽׽Ҫˡ
ԬصͷȻ֪ģԶҲƭ㣡
ԣҲѧһصصͷͻȻ࣬ﹾ棺Ԭ룬ӦҵģҺһҲִʮһ
ҴδҲһֱŬֻǰڻĽ磬û취Ϊʵ֡Ԭ˵
ãһ
֮ڱ˵ˣ֮ȫµԴأͷ޴ܣı
һļһһǴ򲻹ǸһӦûʲô⡣
˼ȫԨǶԸˡ
̴ЦڰУսʤĿܡ
̬ȾͺáԬοЦ
̴Цһ
߹ߣ̴Цͷ֮ܣҲʱˡ
翨˼õԴںܾúܾǰǴ֮ڸɽ֮УŵƱȿ˼Ķࡣ
ѹ֣ͷ֮ƵԨһĹơ
ͻȻԨ΢ֳɫ
˿̣ıǱߣӿֳһҪѶϢ
Ԩһ߲㣬һֻһ½½Ŀ飬Ĳ˿飬ʮ飬ʮ飬߲ʮĿ顣
߲Ԩ½ΪһٶʮߣԨаļޣһٶʮߣ
аﵽһٶʮ߸ʱ򣬱㲻µа
ϵаи½س֣ޡ
Դ飬һ磬ǿߵļޣŹѷĸı䡣
ÿһθı䣬ζűо춯صĴ·
Ʃ磬Ԭ뵱ЭڶȾԴ磬˻Ľޡ
Ԭ뵱ʱͷˡ
Ʃ磬ͷϵ̩̹Ԩʱͨ޼ɵӶᣬҲΪԴǿͻơ
Ԩ߲㣬һٶʮ߿½Ưںڰ֮ϣⲢԨȫ
ԨԶ֪Ĺ

֮ţǳ磬һǺӵ
ȺǻƵĸɽ·ӦţͻȻ΢΢һ

һȦȦĿռŽµĴصһ˲䶴գһͨ˴
һ̣̫ʼǰ
̫ʼͷȻɽͷܣ׽ϢЩ㯡
̫ʼûʶЩԺ
Ԩ
̴Ц죡
ܿ죬̫ʼͷԨʮһ񣬱۴Ԩ̴Ц죬Ҳء
ȻֿԬ룬һͷͷĻĽ
Ҵ˵̫ʼҲЩȦ֪ͷе׽ľܣΪӽѵĻץ
̫ʼֵǣɽͷһ
ֵԨն̨ϽѱùâĿȴͻȻֹס
֮ܣ̫ʼ·ǿĴڣɽڵĴ֮飬̫ʼصռ
ͺñȣ̫ʼʱӰǿ
ţͳŵĴ֮飬ҲȥӰ̫ʼ
֮Ҫɱ̫ʼ缫׶Դֻ˰㣬̫ʼû
طλԴ飬ȻӵȨڡ
ͣ
Ժ̫ʼоԺѪڣڻ
ӡƿصĴ֮
˵öԣһĴȤġ
ԻͷԱŤԣɬ˵ԴΪʲôһιʱûļһʱҸ֪ԴûĶ
ź
̫ʼյĴطһЩĴ֮鶼û˵ӱħƼϣĻ硣
һԴʱҲѰҹûҵþĴط
̫ʼ˵Ǹľϲ
̫ʲôˡ
Ԭ΢΢һЦ̫ͣʼ˺ݵ壬ĸԴԨλԴ飬Ŀ£Ԩ·ĺڰ꣬ӦöϤĺʹص
̫ʼһӣһ֤



ڶǧʮ Χ
Ԩĺڰ֮У̲ҲԸ֪ءһԨڵĲ֣֮ͬ
ǣԨȴߵĸԶǻҪӴ󡣡
һԨԬ뻹ԵüɻĪ
ԨļɵͿ־壬˸߹Դ磬Ԩ·ĺڰдԴ꣬ǳ˲
ĻԴжԨĸ߿Щ񶼾ѡ
ԬԸļһ˵𵱳̩̹ħ񱴶̹˹ʱû˵أû¶ôɫ
Ԩ˵ô£
㻹
̴ЦζأտλĽ֮ǺڰΪʮһҵĸ֪Ĳ֣ҲֻռСһء
ռڰĵؽ磬Ҳû̽ȫ
գ̴Цһ˳ԨıӰ
һѪɫԨӰڱδ󲿷ǿգȺҫĸɽͬȸ߶ȡ
̴Ц룬ԨǷ֮ĺڰ֪ӦñԬ
ϾԨΪԨ֮
̴ЦȷţԨ߲㣬һٶʮ߿½Ԩȫ
Ϊĺڰ֮Уһ鴴֮ء
֮ڵԨ棬ԶڰţɾȻڰԴ飬˵ûŪж
ⲻϳ
֮ڲغڰԴ飬ԨԴ꣬Ҳ½ء
аʥͬڴ֮ء
޾ĺڰ˴֮⣬ʲô
ڰ֮£ûбĲڣ
̴ЦԽ룬ԽԬеоڰԴ飬ҲֻǱС
ԣŲ֪飬֪Ԩ׶ô
ԨڰҲĴذء
̫ʼھܶǳͷźľܣᵽɽԴĴڣȻԴ飡ҶӦԴ飬ȻһֱڻĽ磬һɽ
̫ʼͻ
طͨ˼̴Ц죬л֪࣬Դ鵮ڻ
ҵӦԴ飬ȡԴ͵ļ·򣬾ʮһ
̴Цɹˣ֪˿˼Ŀ׷Ƽԯɱ䣬ûе뷨
ֻԴ磬ûд֮ĺۼҲûԴ鱻
֪ˣܵˣȻҲл롣
ڵĴص򣬲Դ硣׷򣬻ԨĳءԨͻȻȵ
Ѿ֪λԨ֮ʵӦıǿ鴴֮ء
ǿԴ̩̹뿪Ԩ׹䵽ݵԺڸıݣúݳΪµġ֮ء
ȫµ壬ں¿֦ɢҶӭ
ݣܹµġ֮ءҲӦԨ֮
޾ĺڰнľԴ顣
ȻˣҲĴ֮顣
֮Դ磬ʱԴ磬̩̹ãû
ʱԴ磬ҲˣɲûžӱĴط
ڵ̫ʼȴżĪô֮Ҳܡ
˵ʲô
˵̫ʼڵĴطԨԴ꣬Ժ֣
Դ鲢ǵһ
ԴԨڣԴС
ԴѪ֣Ȼˣ֮ĽһԨȻҲܴڡ
Ԩ磬һǳһ½ء
ּ󶼱ԨȻƵĴ֮飬Ҽпܵȼ߹ɽͷڣ֮ŵǸ
ԨԺûصģԨ֮鷽ļ䡣
ۣԨЩаҲ֪Ĵ֮顣
Ԩ
ڰ
Ҫȥ
Ĵ֮ţͻȻֿЦ¶
ڱԬ뼤˶־̫ͨʼ˽׵ϣһȷķ

̯ƣ罫һչµ̫ʼȻĳ֡
ǧ򱶵ɣͬͨ˵̫ʼɿ񱩵£죬
̫ʼĿŭݣ׽ͷܣ빵֮ͨ˶⣬֮ࡣ
һɸߣͨ绨ҵΰ࣬ڴ֮ŵĸ֣صĹѪĻ̫ʼǿվ
̫ʼȼ֮ԺŵģȻһľγɵСɽͷ
֪ʱǾᵽڵǳ
ǳȻزΡȻҲأһԽɽǳڸɽ֮ۡ
ţûԭεԬ룬ȻӴࡣ
ɽ֮۵ľܣһиֳ̫֮ʼԹϵﹾڰŪ
µľɽȻһһɳĿɽһֻ첲𵴡
ɸߵ̫ʼױһֻץסѲ
һֻ֣һ̫ʼ֮࣡
ԨǰͷԳ㣬İƣ̫ʼ֮ĵķ顣
һʯͻȻֱ塣
ۣ
̫ʼʱѪȾǿա
³Ѫڸɽۣ֮ɽ纣ˮ
ôһӣ̫ʼ֮ͱˣѪͷڱ֮û
ȻֹţɽڵĴ֮飬̫ʼȤ
Ҫ̫ͨʼ׷ݵ̫ʼطķԴŪԨ޾ڰڣǷźһĴ֮顣
Уܱ沢ںϣȻܴӳм
Ǹ߼
ֻҪмͻʮһϣͺ̴Цһߡ
ܽ߼Ž˲仯ʮһһͺ谭û
ңҲŴרأܻγĵãĿǰ˵ԴѪ
̫ʼ
ԨŭХ춯أ쳹޿ݼŵǺӡ
ûϵͷźľܣԬһɿͻȻ¶¶ױһ棬϶̫ʼ֡
̫ʼ֮Ԩɽɻûü
֮鷢һ̫ʼ̫֮࣬ʼش
Ԩͷ֮ܣԿĻҪǿ󡣡̴Цѣɽ֮ϣԴæ߱ʮһս
Ԩš
̫ʼĲ״Ԩʧȥ侲һеرŸɽڶΧ
һͷд֮ţԬ룬Դ顣
Ԩֻն̨ǳ˿Ҳܴݳ롣
ɽֵķΧȺ֮лȻϮ
̴ЦѾܽɽȺǣһģ
ԨʼͷԳ⣬ûһ뿪
һȻɣ̲У
Զݵġ󡱣컯󡱣С콣󡱡
ڶǳĸɽ̴ЦĳֳУԬ룬֮ܣԴ飬һٶڡ
Ԩʮһ񣬻λڰҲ׶༪٣
̴ЦƳԳѡ
ϧԨ̫ʼۣòܲˡ
䣡
Ҳͷ񷣬̤ĵԨ̤뵽Ƿء

Ȼҽ
ǴأǾӪ磬ȻҴ룡
ֻɽ򣬽ݻߣһͷͷԨĴ
ǰȥͷԳҲ·ĴɻԬΪģɽ֮·ĵǳ
̴Ц죬߰ɣҪ¿ˡ
ָͷ̬ȡ˺̹ܣȼ˿һڡ
ŵȰҵķϣҲȰһ䣬ҪԼϲҡԨνԨ֮ӦԸ⿴䡣
ˣڣܲκˡû̴ЦµԨ֮
ԳȰ˵



ڶǧʮ ڵ㣡
ԳܳϿҵȰ˵ʾ̴ЦȥҪѰա
Ľ֣ĿǰһУ̴Ц첢޸ϵ
̴Ц첻ҪΪƲ߻Ľȥ۵Ĵ£ƽ޹ʵضֵ̫ˡ
Ԩµˡ
̴ЦüһƺԳ˵ĶͻȻˡ
Ƭ̺ħûںڰûԨԸֻɽ¡
ڳ̬Ҫ⣬ȥ֡
û뿪
Ⱥǵĸɽ⣬ؿŴڲش˽ԴѪĳǳĵܸЩʲôɣ
ϢŵԴͷǳͷһԴѪǹɼԴ顣
ԨʮһǴ˽ԴѪĴˣ־չ֡
ԨΧʱһ֣Ӱս֡
̴Цٹһӡ
Ͷ
ȹλ񣬺¶̬ħһЦɤ˵˽ˣԸĽ͡ĺڰҲڻĽչͽһء
ǳջ
ͽµĽ򣿡
̴Ц΢
ĺڰԴ飬һָʾȶȡ򣬽򳹵׺ڰ԰Ϊ㣬Ӱ츽
ĽҪкʵģ簵أҲʧΪһѡ
ʵǻĽǱߣȷмأʺϺڰԴ㡣
ԬҲ̬Ц̴Цͷ˵һϣܹһ̽Ԩ·ĺڰλ̴ЦԴ飬ƺԨ֮Դš
̴۲ţѵƽ֣
ڰǿƣԹѹ׳Ժڰʴ̴ӦΪԼΪλһ롣
ԬĿ⣬һۺȹĵҪĥȻ벻ֲ߷ļı
λĻȻ̴ЦĬˡ
̴żߣ¿Ҳ޷
Ԭһ̴ЦĶϸı˵ǣˡ
ǵĶԻ̴ЦȰ˵ʱԨ
䣡
ԨͨΡһ䵽ɽǰͻȻͷɽǸ
һſţⲿСǳʵʵС
к嫵ǿܣͷϴӾ紳һǿս
ɽȺǣܱߴεĽڡ
͸ⲿɽ˷Ķ
ֻдУ֪һƻ򡢰أɽȺǹţԳһ硣
ëͷСӣëͷСӡ
ȹĺɽһתԨϣһڽͬʱȴһ

ź̵ͷԳɫЩӣԨǴȻڵӪ𣬽Ǵĵûɻҡ
Ȼ󣬱ڸûûǺ
֪һֱڵʲô
Գĵ
ոͣסԨָָԼѵڵң
㣬˭
Գ̾һһûǿ򣬾ǶԸľսսһʼΪ׼Ϊ˵
ԳԺ̹ܣָЩԨƮܱɢǳ
Щǣһſŵǳأдɽڵ񣡡
ͣ
꣡
̫ʼ֮ըѣȻıһѡ
ͷѪ⣬อһڴ֮ܵģһڸɽۣ֮Ǳû
գ۹򣬺ԨսںݣȨƷֻʣһԪ
ԪʧȥԴԺ󣬳ֳɫ
̫ʼԪͣдħ񱴶̹˹б̹˹ɱ䣬ԪΪɫΪħеĴħ񿴴
̫ʼʧȥԪʱ򣬾Ȼš
ɽ֮ڣĽĴ֮飬̫ʼԪҲû
ǣ̫ʼԪ񣬺ԥرԨ
ڱʹеԨźɽļԳĳЦЩʲôʱ㿴̫ʼԪ
Ժ˲ĨϽаն̨ҫӲӵԡ

һ·ն̨һˣȥ
֮·ܹ̫ʼԪն̨֤̫ʼԪԺô̫ʼеǰ취
Ҫȷ̫ʼܹ
ʱһڵ񣬼Ԧ׵ǳأѽԨΧס
Ԩ·ɽȺǻš
ȺǻĹУ·εһȦȦزƹ
ԨܹǳԵĸоЩǳפǳ֮ϵĳַʽѪơ
ңȻС
Ԩ𾪵ǣڽ˷ԺͽߵĵԴѪı֮ȫϵ
˴˷⣬Ҳ֪
̴Ц죬ǿųǳеһУ·޹ˡ
ȫ
Եȡ
֮ܵļϣͻȻֳԬ롣
ſɽļϣȻεŵԬ룬۶ЦֻɽԸǸ̫ʼһ
õġ
ȹͷȹϵ壬ɢݳػ⡣
ǣеĻ֮أҲȻҫ
һָͷһԼǣһ졣

̫ʼն̨ȥԪͻȻ֮ʵԪ񣬱Ťҡҷ
·ǽɢ
ɽһȹǣػεȹŪĻ֮γһȦȦ
ȹǵ壬ɷĿ޺·һ֮γԺѸٵʧ
Դ꣬Դǲ귨򣬱ؽϣ̫ʼγǣ
٣
ŵһ첲ͻȻ
ն̨һ˷ɳҪ̫ʼԪ֮·֮ܵľޱ˦೤ɽҶϡ
̫ʼϲжǿԶ׽׽
ȹЦأͫȴһƬ䣬̫ʼԪ֡
̫ʼ类˻꣬ô˳أȥֻɽƿصأ֮ʬУǰ
㿴ɣ
ȹǳ磬ԨĿĵ˵ʱɱͽһֻꡣҵʱģִԴ磬һҪú̸һ̸
ң
ǣ
ǣӥ˹񣬵Ѫ񣬱Щ񣬼ȫѡ
ǲǱԨɱǶԨͷϣƿǵǳս
һſǳأҲ֮ת
ԨŵɽͻȻŹѹԨı֮ϣ߻صѡ
ڴ˿̣Ԩһ˵ʵ
˷أǸɽ֮ǰȥԬʱŷԬȻһѪ
ѹԬı壡
ɽһſǳд˷νڵأԻĸ֪ûܶϤࡣ
˹ؼʱ̣ԬıܻڻĽ磡
ԬһˣĿǰԴ硣
Ȼûɽֻһ߷ԻôԬȻΪиҪҪ
ںδ
ԨͻȻͷˡ



ڶǧʮһ Դ
Ԭǰᰲģûôǡ
Ҫܹһ񣬽ĻĽעͳһڴˣΪԴ˶ݵİƽ͡
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Ԭŵļ೤ǧĺسǽ֮ϣزİ
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ԬѪĶһīӿֳռ䲨⡣
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ԬĽ֮ҲĻֻ֪һζɵ䡣
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ԨϤĮȻ֪ǰţܱΪ֮Դ
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ȼյĻ棬ûأǬ½аʥ˶״
Ҳ֪ħ񱴶̹˹ڶаɱ״ʲô׶Ρ
ܹ֪ǣ򱴶̹˹ĹһԴ̴Ц졢ֵɡ̫ʼ졢̫Ժ뿪ָԵĴ˽Դ꣬뵽˵صԨԴ꽻ս
ԨԴ꣬Ͷϵļװģƿصĺ֮ġ
սûһУƲ
һߡ
Ůʣŵսӻһֱ⡣
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ƺĬ֮еսѳʮվҪڽٷֳһʤ
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ԴѪ־뿪ѹ̫飬ǲ˵
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조̳ı壬г׽׵Ĺֺ֮ĸӦͻȻжϡ
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Ҳ֪ڻƸɽĶУԬ벢Ǳ塣
㡰̳Ӧ˽ԴѪǲ쾧̨ѳɣ̨߲棬Ļӿ֣ͻȻ졣
Ө̨棬ڵȺ֮壬ԴǸȫȨ壬Ρ
ԴǣѴĬr뿪һڡ
̫Ͱ磬ڵԴѪ־ɵЭ뿪ûѹեǵǱܡ
ҵ֮ĽɽԺ󣬺Ҷ˾Ӧ
ԨĹ֮һùܸܵԴǵ־һù֮УҪ㾡죬ִƵ壬ȫӡҵĹ߹֮壬ȳΪʱͻϸȥս
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ҪݵصԨԴ꣬Ҫƻľ棬뿪
Ժܹõһֻǹ֮
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ԴǴԹԨγɵġ̳޷ǿбȡ
ԴǵҲֻܿţһʱỹû취
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λסƿصȨɿԨ֮
֮ɱ䣬ûһ˿ͣûԴǵǣ



ڶǧʮ ǹ֮Դ
Ԩ߲㡣
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Ԭʱ򣬱ڿ˼Ӵ֮Դ飬еĹȡ
ͷһīͻȻ⳯Ĺȵķ£̳һֱͨص׵Ķڡ

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ǣǿ˼ڻĽѰҵġ֮ǡй֮ԴʧĲУܹù֮Դ
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һ֡Ȩȡһ֮֡ǡԬ룬űԽԽĶѨеĹ֮Դ鹵ͨ
ɽ٣չֳһ½أҶûޡ
ԬȡȨȡ֮͡ǡǶڣڲԴܸܵ
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ԥһ£㽫ȨȡǶѨšȨȡĻ䣬ȴûյ֮ԴĻӦ
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Ԭɫ¶ϲɫ
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ڴĽס
Ԭ빧õ˹֮ԴĻӦõ˶Էĳŵ


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¡
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ԨĹ֮壬ڻģЩǿҫߣһһʧ
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Ԭ밵
ˣԨ֮˵ܹסǸһ
ûȫָ
ҴԴץߣҳ½أҫԨ
ңҲܶ˵صģԨԴꡣ

֮ԴѶݹ



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ԬĬĹ֮Դ飬ڴɪɪ
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ӨĹĻһĿĹ⣬һӰۡ
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䣡
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Ԭһοػңıǽʮһ񣬻ǵƿ֮СԪճɣԺͱ̹˹ȼ磬ĿǰҵĶ֡
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Ԭŵ˵Ľסģûʮһǰ˶Ϊ塣
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ԨǴҾϲԨϴѪˡԬ΢Цţī
īգüŤ类Ԭѹſռ䣬ʱһ㡣

Զȣع֮ԴĴ½ɽͶȻҫ߲ʻ⣬òȶס
Ԭī˿ռ䣬ݵѡ
ı塣
ԨЩȵأΪ˵Ԭ룬ʱܵޱ޼ʵѪܣŰ˷ɢ
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ЩɽŨγɵģ쫷紵ţͳ˷̡
Ԩȴ֪ЩΪ۳ɳɽȫʵڵģֻԬֲ̫ˡ
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Ԭ룡
Ľ֮
ɽҰأ˾ֽ
ߣȥ·½شšִ֣ڴ˽ƲЩһӰ˵ʵԭأҪͼ

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ͣ
Ԩһȣ۲ӣ޷֪ķ磬ԬġѪֹеӡ
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Ԭڵī꿦ѣԬάϵı䲻¥Ľ壬µġѪѪƴĻĽ飬ûܹӭһص¡
ȻҲ㱾ڴ˽硣Ԩ̤ѪѪɫһҪͨ㣬ҵǾʲôһ״



ڶǧʮ Ԭ
Ԩ֮ۡ
Ԩһڶշ򣬻һȿŻڡѪĵؽ硣
ԬĹ조Ѫɢ֮·ʹ˱ֹס
Ѫ
ԨڰգͷɺѪĴأ·һȡԨ֮š䣬ԻĽѪЩѪγɡ
ÿһѪƺһƵ磬ڶѪ꣬š
Ԩʶ̳к챦ʯǲ̨棬ӦԴԴѪ
ѪʱһѪɫ̨棬ڰа
Ԩ֪ˡѪʽ֪ⶫɢȥԨʲôѡ
Ѫ̲Ԭ
ɢܹһص飬ΪѪȻǡѪγһѪɫСء
ԬɼӣѿѸٵسɳ
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ԬǵޣЩĽȺ
֮ԴҪȫԬ룬Ѫ½ͷŵѪɫâ֮ԴҫԨ·һ½أܹЩ½ϷγɸġѪ
ԬԨ֮Уó㹻˵֮Դ飬ǿ˹֮Դ
Ҫ̹֮Դ飬ⷽ½أáѪһƬƬЩ½أȥеԨȺ
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ʯ̨ԨĽᾧԿĹ塣
Ԩ·˼貵ĹâҫԬ붼ôֿۣЩǳ뷢Ԩ
ԬҲ档
˽ԴģΪնߵԨƿصӦֻ귽İأôùˣ

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䣡
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ԬԨʮһ񣬾ְҵһ档
ֳѪɫԳԬ룬ײ½ġ񷶥ɭɭأڴ˷½
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ҪһġѪԨ½أԴԨĽӡ
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ڶǧʮ Ԩ֮Ȩ
Ԭһ֣½Լƣƿ
һѪƣɳȥ·Ԩ½ȥ

Ԭһ˻𣬹Ԩʩӵķ

·ľӣԬĺ飬򣬿񱩶ҵԨƺ޻
ͷӻĽĹԨЩǿߣܵѪĲ
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䣡
ѪɫգԨԹ֮һſǳһ顣
ɫȻһ
ԬЦɺƮĽߣֵɺͼ۵ϣԬ飬˭Ҳס
͸ųźͰ·ؼ䣬ûκס
һԨ̨棬չҲһ
ü̨Ժ
⣡

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ȫȫǶȵأԨĽṹ֣ÿһ½ص˺صĵУҲԺ֡
Ԩ֮ƿصȨ
ЩԬγɣ·½طȥġѪȻӲҰ
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ԨаĿǰڣаʥȥȥԨʱ
ֳԬ룬ôĿֲЦͺдȻ¶ϢЩԨǿ߸еϢ
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
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βԸߴԨڶ౬ġѪ룬·
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ƺڡʳԬ롰Ѫ̺ѪܣӯԼอ
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ѪɫжԬֱ࣬еѪС룬ƺҪͬ
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ѪıѪ⾫ܵĻ̨졣
Ϊ֮һ
һһȡһʱ䡣
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ֵɣϲַʽֱӺԻ
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Ԩһ͵ڶԨԺֵӰܿĵͷ֪Ӧ
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ݣ
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ԬǻïëһѪɫ磬˽򣬰ẓ̇ӲȵѪС
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ԬǻĽһѪɫ绯ĴųĥֵɵĽ⣬̺Ľؽ顣
Ԭ뵱ûж֣ǻӲֵһؿûѷ졣
һԬ룡
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ӨĻ˺ѣźݸǿߵĽߣƯڸߵգԭԨ֮ŵķλ
ԴԨĽء
ϵĽڴޣɵǿߣ𾪵ؿֵɶԬһ
ںʱǿսֵɣҪ
ʱⳤӣǿγɣֵһ
˽⣬ȻûжѪɫԳǻһ϶û¡
Ԭ׺ǿӲЩˡ
Ԩ
й֮Դ鰵صĴ½ŸࡰѪֵֽһԬ룬ͻȻʧС
ͻȻ֣ЩɵġѪû䵽Ԥڵ½ء
ȻԨݻˡ
ѪܣȻʴԨʱҲû˳أԨһġѪ
Ԭ뷴ֱ˿óĥĲС
Ԭͫģ󿨶˼һԭҺԨɵ¡
ǹԭҺģԨ񣬶Ԩı塣
ҲԬ룬Ԭ벻ףΪԨǾ߿ı壬ԽһԭҺ
ʱԨ궼ûѼ䣬ҲԪǿߡ
ԨôķôأһԭҺԨԼ
ʱԭҺƵܣѪıԨˣԨ͸ѪС
ԬʱЩëȻ



ڶǧʮ Ѽ
Ԩ߿ı壬̫෴ĵطԬ˲
ԬԳ˷½һɽͣͻԨ֮ϣͷ­ִԴ磬ܺԴԨͬǿ
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գýϵ˸е£æŲŽ롣
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ѪɫԳԨ߿գͷţһ½ڵģеԨ½أֿСԨ塣
Ԩ֮ǰĳƺţڵĳƺţ

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˿̡
ԨʶԹ̨棬½ʱ
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ڣԬԨ磬ҪġѪԨػ˺ƵѪܡ
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ʱԨͻȻ֣̳Ӧ̨棬֪ӦԴѪ½ʮһ
ͬģ̲ع̨棬Ҳ֪ص׵Ĺ֮Դ顣
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ȻһЦ㻹ǺǰһԶҡڲǽͷݣԶѡ񡣡
Թ֮ԴĳûеõӦ

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һſǳһٶͷļԦ֮£
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Ԩ㲻Ķ֣һ綼ݵġ
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ͣ
Բµͫʮ޵Ѫɫʺ磬һѪâ֮С羫µĿ̵ͷѪҶţи
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ԨڵǧҲѹƣ
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ɽۣ֮ŵĴ֮飬Ӵ¡
ڹǳ䣬ڶƬʬУԨ˴

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Ƿѯʡ
ԨıͻȻȥԨԨҵĴ¡
ڴ˵صһԬҲԨŪЩ꣬ԨϻҵѪռѪ򡣡
Ԭ뾾ͷɺɫͫĹ⡣

ЩͷԴѪ½ظ֣ŨŨѪ⣬ųǳ䣬ΪԨʮһ
̫ʼ
Ԩߺȣְɽڵǳ
һѪâֳ֣˽ε̨档
̨˽εһֻ۾Ŀ򱻺ɽסجج̫ʼ
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˪֮ڼ˪УбŲѪǳתңбøάϵ
ݣݣ
ЯĽ⣬һ˪ҷѪУԨɱ񣬱Ԭ



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ʮĽȱѪֱʯĽ⴩͸
񱻼˪ɱ

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⻷ٿһ֣ȻγɼȡѪ⾫ܵĴų
ɽķΧڣͼ˪ɱ񺡹ǣһͷͷƯų
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ԣԬü
ΪȥԨı壬ҲںԨս
ع·Ԩصţû̼


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ģҵˡ
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ԨԴ˽⣬Ƕֲ˵İ֡
ıԨǱִ֣ɽĴ
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֪жаͷħ񱴶̹˹ɱ
ػߵӰ񣬴ǰֳĵؿаˣȻµԨҲҪʱĳۡһаѱ̹˹ɱĿ̷ΪˣҪ׷а񣬶̹˹𣿡
ͣһ£ػ˵ȥһа񣬶ѱģʵ㿹ܵЩ
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Ԩ룬ûд𻰣Ŵ䡣
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ԨԴ꣬˺֮ģƽһԴϢ
Ԩоˣܼ󣬵̹˹Դ꣬ѱͬ
ǱȾǱȫںˡ



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ȼյ̶صײҲɫҲûд˽ԴϢ
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һԴ꣬ѾԨԴꡰԡˣǱȾ
Ϊһ塣
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ں֮ģǰԨ½ġ壬类ˡ

ĲܼѪ⽻֯ԨģЩѪУӡڲܼڡ
ں֮ģԲܼӿźƵ
ܼ̫ˣҪʱ壬ԴչԱԸһ
ǰܼ󣬲Ժչѡ
Ҫܼš
ܼܲ־Ľ٣ϡ
ԺԨе飬壬ʹ˽ħһˡ
Ԩ˵
Ԩ仰⣬Ǳ֪ˡ

ӿȼյ棬ںݱȥ
ڻģ˾£ǱСȵؿݣԨȥԺ󣬻ΪͻȻʧˡ
㷢־еаʥҲֹͣ𵴡
ݣ͸Ź졣
аʥڣӴаʬ洦ɼ
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ͣ
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Са񣬱Ļâ׶ɱ
аħܱΪ̬ɱ
һ޴ģԱ̹˹γɵ̣ɫʯڵڹλаԺѹȥΪ
һɫħҲǱ̹˹Ļܾһаȥ
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Ҳƻ˵ϸ˹õϸ˹а̳׼õԴ
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̹˹ųģһħع飬꣬ҲΪɫ
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Ϊɫ
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ǵĸԴʹޣһֱҪǸ
ΣµǣԴĸı䣬ǽԨǹа񣬷ܵظе׽



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櫿ħɽۣ֮ɫҰʧǵؿŹħЩԾ趯Сħͷ
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櫵һħӰڸ߿յ߸֡
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ħӰɫ
Ԩڵļʶѵļ䣬һ۾Ͳµʲô
֪ں֮ĵǳģѾֳʤ
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Ҳֻ㣬ϣԿпܻǡ
櫵ħӰٵ˵ţԨС

кܶ໰ûü˵꣬ħѳڻڽȥ
ޱȼֵĶƺڱĨȥܿħӰԵһãȻ
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ӣԨȻޱȵĿɱҲͻȻ뵽ԼȱʧһЩ䣬ܺһҲĨˡ
ΪԨ֮ʱĺܶ飬ļ֣㡰̳ѣʧȥ˺ǿԴ鿹Ĩ˺ܶ䡣
Ĩļ䣬޾ڰİأǿԴء
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Ԭ˵ûĸоҲûԨйͬĴ֮飬Ǹ߻ĽĴ֮һȼ
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һһ߼߸ͬն
Ԩλ֮ĸڣ׾ٵأԻĽĴ֮ѱƿɽܿЩΧȺɽǳء
Ԭ룡
ԨͻȻԬɺͫǰ֣һߺȡ
ûм֮࣬ûп׳ԨԬͫǰӬСֵһᡣ
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ԨԱߣһشطѰѵѪƣһѪɫء
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ԨԷССһƬ죬Ҫ̸Ҳκ
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ͷԡѪԨԨһĽԬ룬ͻȻָֻΪ̬֮
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ಣ
ûиһͣҲ֪û壬ͻȻֱԨײ㣬Ƭ޾ĺڰ䡣



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׷ߵĹһѶţҲͻȻع˷ء
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Ĺָʹһ˾ӣһֵɽЩš֮·Ļȣ߸ɣĬrĹعȥء
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УͻȻһġѰͬʱоһɶ⡣
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Ů̬ϲ˪ȵԽԶԽã

λԨ죬Ԩ棬Ȼõָʾ
ָʾںݵԴ꣡
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Ԩײ㣬޾ĺڰС
Ԩںڰ紩ԨľͻȻһ١
ʶڣ̨ӳֳһѰĲŮʡ
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һƬƬ˺ڰΪɫҶӣ۾ĿԨ
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ڽľڣһԴ飬Ҳ·ڷ
ҹҪûұӵеĶ
Ԩ̯֣ĳϣǳ޴ԨľһƬƬҶڰѸʾ

ڰкƵ޾ܣԴԴϵעġ̳ʶ纣Żܡ
̨߲棬ŨĻܣͻȻڷ⡣
ֵģһƬӨӨҶһСС
ӨӨҶ罻֯ĵǣԺµ̨γɡ
ֱӦŲľ֮飬нľڵԴ顣
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ġ̳Ĳ㣬ͻȻΪ㡣
ֻǺ㣬Ÿոձӡ˷򣬻ûܹʵҪʱ䡣
ΪԨ֮ʱ̨档
䣬ǿԴƻġ̳ѿ
ĶԨľͷԴ飬һȥ
ľͷԴ飬Ŀ־壬ͶǿԴһ
Ǻܴ֪ҺʤϣѺ
Ԩص˵ͷ



ڶǧʮһ ڰ֮
ĺڰľ֦Ҷҡţͳȥ
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ԨľԴ飬ԨȡԹԽǵķطϣԨܹԼԺУѹ̨档
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ԨɱȻǶĶ־չ֣ǻǸͬܡ
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Ӷ֪Ӵ˵صĲľԴ飬ǱˣѡͶԨԴ꣬ԸںڰС
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ԨʮһҲӦõסĻĽ֮
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ЩԨǳأƬ飬ʯĸɽһһɣȫڸɽɽ
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Ҫ˭ǿʢ˭ܵõİˡ



ڶǧʮ õĵػ
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˿̣һƬݻҶУ˴Ӿ״̬վ
һȫµĻɫȹۣҪڱΣųɫԲ԰⣬ûԵ˿ڡ
ȻԨԬ룬ǹߡɽ򣬶֪δ
߰Ŀ⣬Խ֮ţͣԨϡ
Ҳѯʡ
Ԩͷǵһ档
Ȼ
һԨȻ
Ŷ
˱㲻ٶԡ
ߣ
Ԩͷޡ˪֮ļ˪ԴѪ½Ѫɫ֮С
ѪɫڣԴѪͼָĵ
Ԩͳ˼򵥵ĽЩʹ죬̲סһ
ǰԯڵݺޣİȣԨȻЩţû¡
ΪǼ̫ˡ
Ψˣÿÿ˵һЩԨ飬ͷ
˵Ĺϵ̫˲֪ܣƺᴩԨĵһü˪Щơ
û뵽Ժִӻ˹
Ӳˬˡ
ϧһߣ˳δţԨװû
Ԭ룬ѾȻػĽˣҪǻزȥĽ磬ͻΪ
Ԩֿ죬ƤЦⲻЦؿȥס̹˹ʱ߳аʥ߳һ̣ڴ˽磬밲Ȼ˻ػĽ磬ɾûôˡ
ԬŤ
µ񣬳˱֮鸽⣬ȫȻɫ
ǽԬǿߣŴķѪͳڻĽ綼ļ˲Ҳʶŵ
Ԭ⣬űȻǻĽµҲᱻԴѪ
ЩǰΧɱŵжҲᱻˣŲȻƾµ
䣡
ӴԨᣬƴŰ׽ۼ׵ըѣһǺӣҲⷽŵء
ͫ·ȼɫĻ棬ǲ̵βͣգŪһԨ춴

ǸԨ춴Ǻӵǽ񱩺ͻҵԨͳ
Ǻѱɽɾ޿ݼš
Ԩ춴֣ӿ˷糯Ԩת䣬ΪԨһ֡

˪ڵѪɫڣѪϡ
֮ĵѪâҫ£ڱһĨ
ǿվ˴˽ԴѪ棬ŮʣԴѪء
ԨԴȾˣѪҲͱԴѪʹ
ԴѪڸΡ
Ѫ⣬Яһ־ҫ˳˵ϡ
ȹ£ѵ˿ڣǼϡ
ŵĲս֫ദشѪҫע˰Ѫܡ
һθܵ˽ԴѪĴ࣬ԲĿ⣬ųǳ
ԴѪɱ棬Щԥ
䣡
ԨΡɽź룬泯֮鸽ľԳһ䣬㵱Ҫں
ŵͷ
ɽ
ԨǺðɡ
һͷݸˣδػ䣬Ĵ֮ĸܻӭɽӦҲҪֵͨĴ֮ĸõǰûõĶ
Ҫһ㡰̳Դ֮͵̨棬ʶ̳Ļʯһġ̳
䣬Ҳûбȴ֮ĸİ壬Ϊػˡ
˳һ£Ѱͨǿ֦Ҷïܵ鲻Ըأг
ǿߣǿҺɫأɵ֦ϡ
Ļᣬúϧ
Ԩǿأͷǻһ¡
ŸɽȥŵͷԽ
Ԭ룬ЩǣŵĴ֮飬еȷѽ⡣
ǲףһλ֮أΪαô
ಣ
ˮܴһ㣬ʧڸɽɽڲ
һȥ֮һԣŵڳ롣
֮ҪȫĽס
Ԭ룬ҡҪƾˣ
źЦѯʡ
ϲ㡣
ԬЦŵͷΪ˴֮ţԸһȡ
ͬһʱ䡣
Ԩ޾ڰı壬˽ľԴ飬򰵲źڰԴ飬ǰԨԴڵĴ֮طȥ
ģ̩ǵĴ֮ɽӣӸ߿ȥĳӴޱ̣͸Ϳֲ
аʥѾ뿪֮ûûӡ̵Ķ
ǣŴ֮ؽӽʱܾ½һӭ
ӭĻع顣
Ϊ֮أ·޾ڰ磬·˼ʶصȺ
Ԩо½һֱθı䣬ʲôӡ



ڶǧʮ ľͷ
аʥˣ˺ݣ֮ȴûƶ
Ӹ߿ո֮ŵȻɽ米ͻŨĻܣֱԨԺ
̳޾ˮ㣬źƵĻܡ
·ԶҲ

ԨĬĬֹܾ֣ص½أʱ⡣
ƺڴˣҲڴˡ
ϣǹɺڰܸһЩµѶϢиǿ
ѾתЩ䣬Ԩ֪ʶġ̳ǿԴԿĸ
˷ؼ䣬ֻġ̳ԨԴҲ޿κΡ

ϸаʥԭλãһӡ
ȼźɫĻ档
ڰʱᵽ˺ڰԴζ֪ش֮صǹɺڰ֪ĵ
޿ӣͿеĺڰ棬λ۾
ǣԨƯӵϷȼŵĺɫ棬ҪûرҵĶ
ʶ̳㣬ԴꡢԴǡԴѪͲľԴķ塣
ͨľԴ飬˺ܶ飬һ˲ࡣ
ɻиļ䲢ûӿֳ
ݽľԴ˵֮صǹɺڰԨԴʱãͬ˹ϵ
ľйԨԴУǳߡ
˫ĵλȫԵȡ
ôԴУֻкڰԴһֱʱӻʼվǱߣԱΪԵȵѡ
ԨУһҪͨڰԴ飬һӡڰص̨֣á̳Ϊ߲㡣
һ棬ҪŪںڰ·ʲô
ѯʺ󣬴֮ǹɺڰûӦ
Ƭ̺ɫɭ䣬һü
ü֮УһдعԴҫŹ
Ԩۣ߲֮½ؽϵдĿĹ֮Ϊý飬ڰӿڣüĵĹԴ֡

һһ͹üķɳȼźɫȥ
ĹҪƿڵĺɫ棬Ҫ뵽ڰ
ڵĺɫ棬Ȼһ£һ͸ľӡ
ЩĹڵھԺ󣬶ʱûһ⡣
ڵľû
Ԩüͷһ塣
ڰԴĵȼϵĹԴ飬޾ڰأɡ̳ͷŵĹ䲻ڰڲ
㲻̫
ԨһЩսţ·еľӡ
͸ľڣԼ
ھĺͶӰаһ棬˽ȥע뵽ھڵӰС
еǸаͶӰںڰԴӰ죬ǿ
ǸͶӰھںӡ
Ǽ䣬Ԩеħа׷㡰̳Уǲ̨棬类ɫī֭Ⱦ
ھڣаͶӰ죬¶ëȻЦݡ

һߡ
̴ЦһָӦڰԴٻ
ǹɺڰⲿ磬ԶκһԨҪԨߵ̫
ʲô
̴Ц˺ߣԨѪɫɽĸʱӰʵȥǿ½ҵҵԴͷʲô
Ҫô࣬˵Ҳᶮ
ԨͷҲصش
ѽɽֳ棬ڿ״̬βͽһԨ춴
ͲŮʣͬʱѪҫһѪĨһ
ߵĴȻͬ
ݣ
ԨͺһǡԨ춴ڣӿֵĿ񱩡֮Уһɼ׵Ļ
ǰڻûŰǿԨת
ԴˡԨ춴ǣģ߲ԨԺתġ
˵Ԩ춴һ߾Ǻݡ
Ԩ֪Ҫ⣬Ԭǰû뿪ҪߣҲûôˡ
ϣǼѾ׼ˡ
Ԩ૵

һӰȻԨӻ춴̤ɫĮȻ
ڣܼ󣡡
̴Ц͵һ
ܼҡҡͷζؿ̴ЦһۣλһֱҡڲħеһЩʶ˸ı䡣
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̴Цڵ壬һ׷󣬾Ϊػܼ󡱣Ϊ˰ܼʵеԸ
ԭʼӡǣŤת˹
šܼ󡱣¶һֵЦݣ̴Цӳ񣬶ûйЦݡ
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ޱأǿųǳɽ
˪Ԭ룬ȫûз
ĿԨʮһϣ΢΢˵ͷ
Ԩɫ࣬㾹Ȼô˳һ뿪ôԶں֮ĵǾ壬ĥ͸ˡ
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ɽԵֻɽ򡰲ܼ󡱵ĵ޾Ŀ־壬翴ı˰
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Ϣأɽǣͼںϵֻʼ˷ɡ
ųȹĺɽ򣬴ڴڵѪָΪɽ̬Ǹ֮ǳҲһըѡ
֮ĺɽ򣬾ȻǳܲǻѪûü
ģȥ
Ԭߺȡ
ӻںݵͷԳҲѾ⵽ܼ󡱵Ŀ⣬ڽƫơ
ԳȻɫԬѣ͵سȥ
ɡܼ󡱻ǿ



ڶǧʮ 
ֳԳнͣ٣ʶģ
ۿɼϸ˿ߣһزȻȻ͸Ƥ⣬
ɫ˿ߣĹģꡣ
֮Уԭʼӡ类ƤͿĨţܿʧˡ
Գǵ꣬ƴҪС࣬ɻûü뿪򣬱㱻ͿĨ˴롣
ͫеǻ֮⣬ѸٱԽޡ
ԳںݣжӦԴӡǡ
ԴΪһ壬ԳԶܼʱδܼʱ롰ûܵõӻôһ³
Գʹ˻
꣡
ܼ󡱵һֻͫֳڶ΢Сڷţǧǳ֡
ͫףƺܲסӴѺѪ
ǣֻ۾ҲûʳѪ
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Ƭ꺣ʧյͫеİ
Ԭ£ֻͨԴꡢԴĺɽĨɱԺɽռĻ֮ĵ
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ܼ½ԪߣǺԶ£Ĵɡ
ܼĻҲ֪ԶٱԶġǻۡ죬òܼȥС
һʼֻܼһѡΪԼ׼ĺ֡
ܿϧܼûܹΪʮһһĸ󣬳زʤ
ԲܼչʱЩţҲԴʩչ
޻𣬵¸ҴӦ㡣
Ԭ뿴źȻصԳԳԬͨѪ֮ӦͻȻһ
ԳԺǾӴûή㱻
ԬȻعĽ磬ԻĽԳľѪԳڻĽԴĿơ
ǰ޺岻һԳľ䣬Ѫкۼ
ԳȼʱѪڵĵ֮⣬ᱻٴλѣԳܼǵ÷һС

˪ڵѪɫڣһѪסԴѪ½ڲλãǱ¶⡣
ԴѪͼΪ֮
˪Ҳ壬ԳһںݣڵԭʼӡǣҲкܶӦԴꡣ
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ܼңҲǱ̹˹٣ҺͺԶ
Ԩǵ񾧰ʱԸ֪ڴ֮ϿգڣֱаڰһͶӰ
ŲæͿǰġܼ󡱣ƽ˵㻹ûū۱̹˹㲻ôżġ
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ԨЦв
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Ѫҫƻָĳˣšܼ󡱵ĿעӣϺ޲
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վһش֦ϣ˽ָɡ
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һֲԾʶԴѾںϣ;У֮ڣԴصӡڡ
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ѡ˷
˽ԴѪǿ͸ԸһܣƻָͷԨ档
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ǰϵֻѪͫʱˣͫѲ
ء
ԡܼ󡱵ڴ˴һοڡ
ŵĸɽɢݳĲͼƻ֮顣
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ֻ۾Уֳһޱȹһɫľʹ½
ǿ½УѾĴ֮ĸڱǺӵĽľ
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ǲ֣ӡں֮У̫ʼԺ֡
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ҵ棬飬Ҳ̫ûаҵ˰ɣ
ԬЦ
䣡
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¡
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Ը񣬲ͻƻĽޣҲͻԼսޡ
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Ԭе촸򡰲ܼ󡱵ͷ䣬һͷԨǰɽ֮У֮ʱϣֻǿš
Ԩһͷ



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еĺڰûһУ޿еĺɫ棬Ҳʧڵص
ڰԴ飬ʵԼ֪ѾҸΪǿԺ󣬱ܾԨҪ
ԨʶڣҪһڰ̨棬ûܹڴ֮õ



ڶǧʮ ħȺ

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Դ絮Ի͵磬ӯԨޱȡ
½صаʥѲ𶯣ĺܹ졣
꣡
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λøǿڻԻĺݣʤȵҪ档
ͻȻһ壬ص׵ķ϶̤վаʥǰ
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ԨϣаǸܵϢᵽԼԴͷ
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룬ħ񱴶̹˹ħ꣬ǾĿУŤ
Ԩ𡱵壬ߵ˱̹˹ǰű̹˹ħ꣬һµɫ
꣡꣡
һ֧ɳ򱴶̹˹ħע롣
ԨȡģԴصͷţ̹˹־̹˹ǿһ
ܼҲһԵĸ壬ܼǸѡ
ԨĹ֮дħ񱴶̹˹ȲܼҪ̫̫ࡣ
ȻĿУĸȻԨǾӵС̳ı
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֪ںϺݵԴ꣬ڱǿͬʱԨҲǿ
ѵԨһġ̳ԴѪԴ߼Դ飬Ԩġ̳ȵ껹Ҫ
ÿһÿһ̣Ԩһǿ
ܵһС
ܿ죬ɳ֧ӡŵԴǻ뵽̹˹ɫħ
ԵЩƣۡ
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Ҳȷ˵ˣԴħ壬ԨһԱ
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Ԩġ֮塱ɳݡ
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Ժ󣬾Ͷʾ£ǱѽΪħԴͷ
ħĴ˾£վ󣬵ʹͷϵ̷
£ʱȡȥ享Զ־
̩ǣݣԨ磬еǳǵļ԰
ħĴ˾£ɤЩػ˵
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櫻˼ǽ͸Դ飬Ϊһ
ʱãˡ



ڶǧʮ ԴĲп
Ԩӵա
Ƥġܼ󡱣ץһ죬ֵġԨ춴ԺݵԨϴӽ
̫ˣչҲܷɣܼʱָ
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紷㣬촸һδδ䣬ڡԨ춴Уǧ⡣
ԬعЦ
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ͱ壬Ѫĸ֪徭һУˡ
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ͻȻеĸɽģΪ׼ǳһŽһɽһ֡
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ͷ֮ܣһͣˡ
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оˡ
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ֱ˵أŴڡԨ춴Ϸػܼ󡱵ĻĽ֮񣿡
ԬȻɫ
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һѪ⣬ͻȻ׳ĸɽɳԬǻ
Ԭ뿴Ѫɳʱһ¡
ûѡֿѪ͸ǻһɴʶԣġ

Ԭ޹Ǵ죬Ѫɫ⾧ë£Ѩϣһء
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һ̵Ԭ룬·ЮŻĽĲ˼߶ȣһءԨ춴Ĳܼȥ
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ԨֵͷʱȻǧ򱶡
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ģֻһҲҪ
ԨȻ˵㽫壬ҵն̨һΪһ֮·ٻԺ㲻Ҫԭ·УȻӱᣬõˡ
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Ԭһ
ԨԼûиԤʹ֮
ǻĽԴѪȴѡ
ɽϢˣɽӿֵǰδйġ
Ԭ뵱Ȼɵ֪ڻĽԴѪİ£˳Ĵ֮飬Ԩ֮ĸ̬



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Ԭŵʿͷ֮ܣҪڱС
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ΪʱıѾһ˰

ǿձ߽硣
ԴͻĽĽֺ޴ĵãš
һԴ磬һڻĽ硣
һţͨԴЩޣǣͨǰĽ硣
Ԭ룬ȻǱ߷أǴ
ڳԴĵǰŻΪپŮӣħ׷ɱԴޣǾܶؽ
ħɫ컢Ȼ
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ŷ·ѿ͸ȫݺȥɱԬ룬Ὣɽ¡
ϣԨܹʱЩ£ΪǣҲΪԼȡʱ䡣



ڶǧʮ ˼·
İǺӡ
һǳзţĿ⡣
ʶĿͷųϢǲԴİأÿһߣҪĤݣҪ׽ָ
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ĴħָʹЩħ񣬻ħħǣǴأɱŸߵȽޡ
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ϣ
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ѿǿŷŵǳҲ֪ǳ
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ǿǳǳеĳڣӦԵġ
侲˵

Ѫǳ棬ͻһ߲Ѥõľʯ֣һֻ߲տǡ
ħ״ģдﵽżħ񣬶һ顣
ն̨
ʶ߲ʯ״ģסʧС
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ݵ壬Ϊ壬ħȺΪʵͬˡ
ħȺģ塢Ů塢Ⱥħһų⡣
򣬻ǿ磬ħնɱ塣
Ƕµĸ֡

Ѫɫڵն̨߲ϼֻɫ
ء
ħڲɱޡ
Ԩʮһ֮ոն̨ǿѴأĴɱ޵ħ
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Ԩɫҡҡͷ
ֻʣһԪ񣬶ԪɫΪɫ̫ʼն̨ʱԴ껹ûʳն̨Ԫûз仯
ʣһԪ̫ʼʹʧȥѪ˸߳ȻҵԪܹǱ̹˹İڵʱûںһɱԴϸĻҵԪ񣬾ħĴħ񡣡
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ĸĥţܰλں֮ĵģǿԴ顣
ǵǻۺͼʶѰҳһ·
ԽǿߣԽױȾ
Ԩն̨ڣԼıȻϵ
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ħû壬ֻеһûˣݵͬԺħױȾҸոע⵽ˣЩΧɱ޵ħħħӡҲ˸ı䣬ǱΪɫ
ħħħħħڶСħͷȺԣѱݡֻʣ̹˹ǿƺڱȾĹУڿ֧š
Ԩ˵ʱܼ̫ʼ˶˼
Ȼ塣
ЩԪǿ޳˱Դһɱ䣬Ҳ԰̫ʼΪû뿪նֻ̨ҪȥˣҲЩħһ
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ͣһ£Ԩųˣ˵׳ѪʽߣܰѪǿ󣬱ԴѪĸԤ귽Լû޳Ԫߣ׵ʴ
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ѾˣҲ֪λʲôȽ׵Ĵڡ
һжԨģϣԨΪָһ·ܰȻȥ
ŮͷҽӡĨԺҲװ
˽̸ʱԨԼıҲڻͨ˼룬ֵϡǵԨ壬û͵ػ꣬ʱʽԨϴӽѪ⣬׳꣬귢ɱ䡣
ûеػ꣬Ҳûɱ䣬û꣬Ҳû졣
ϵҵĥģֱ̹˹ĽΪںݵԺֶµı仯
ԴͷֻЯԴ֮һȨԺ󣬱ͬԺĥ͸ˣ˵ػ񡣿ֻĥ֮һΪİزػҲ񾳣û˺
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ԴѪԴǣûбʳǰһ˼·
ߣԺѡ·Ѫ׳ԼɱԪ񣬾ܲĿơ



ڶǧʮһ ѩ
ҺɫĸɽƮǺӵһˣȡǿܳӯɽ塣
ÿÿǳأɻĽд֮ĸѵɽһ
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֮ĸʶҲӰţͷܽϿ֪ͨµĴذء
ɽѡ·ߣڶ޺еǺûûԭ·
Ϊԭ·ֻпݼ޵ǺûҪ֡
ɽ֮а뵰ֲ޴ӿ
Ԭ뾲ȴ˻Ƶ޺

ޣ;ǳзɳԬĴ뵽ɽۣ֮ǿ½أѰҺʵĵطš
ɽȥ·ϣҲռԴޣǴĽ硣
ԬʱѾ֪ħ磬ɱЩߵȽ׵ޡ
Դ糤ʱ䶺ûе޴ߣֻѰ;еޣŪɽ
죬ɽһ䣵
˵صǳ磬ڲȫװعѩƮ㡣
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ͨҫǵѨƫƧء
ۣ
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ԬȤ˫Ѫէ֣ϸϸһͻȻд˽ԴѪӡǣСǹɼζ
Ԭĥһ£Цԭˡ
Ԭһݻ͹һͬȥһȼ׻аȥ
ɽԼȶķХûСı亽ߡ
ʱ
ݻ͹ߣһаʬصɽϡ
Ԭ뿴Ҳûаʬǣеأλꡣ
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վԺ󣬸ɽڲԴѪԬйͨ
ԬƵƵͷüЦ֪ײأջһö
Сӣʲô֣
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ǻԲ˵ؿԬ룬ͷ񣬵ǲһ飡
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Ԭֿ죬Ц˵Ҳµ⣬ѪӡڣһͷѩܵĺۼһԴѪڵѪȫǼ
٣ңĺһȥĽ硣
ԬԽЦԽ
Գݺ꣬ô˵ˣͷĽ磿˵ǣǴߣ
Ҫүү
Ĳϣк֯ͻȻ⡣
ˣүүӦˣڻĽǰȫġ
Ԭҡҡͷ
Ϊݺѩӣʧȥ˸ӦҲ޷ضİ취ͷѩܽйͨ
ݺͻѪޣǿǳеļһɱ䡣ǣҵУԺͨú̸һ̸
Ԭ뿪Ц


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ͣ
ܼĹ֮磬ӡŹ򣬴ü⾧̨ɳŰĸӡ
֮㷨˱仯ͻȻӡ˹С
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Ԩ޾ڰȾ꣬ŨڰİԵĹ򶼱Ĩˡ
ԴԨ߲½һֱ˰йǿս򣬾ͱΪ
ԨˣԺеĹ̨棬Ź֮ԴĹ
ͨġ̳ڰĵײ㷨ڣӡ˺͹صĲ֣õظı䰵
ڵյ죬绯ĹԴźڰ
ĳ֣̬ת䡣
⣡
йԴ
йԴĵطȻԨ
Բͬ;밵ЩˣǿվޣͻȻҫĿĹԴȫ
޲ף͹꣬а硢̫ˣڰԴ£
ݣ
ͻƵʮıܣһ˶ߣһͷ׳ͺ롣
ڰڷţڵġ֪Ԩĵһ·Ѱ˹һϵ˹Դλá
еı죬ûнʹ˵ǸӣǸҸоˣҿһа׷ɱͷˡ
ΪݺѩӣģĸӦ
ѩڵǸ磬ǸӨǳҲԾѪ
ڰ򣬻һЩļǿգܹ֪ѩӵĶ
Ϊѩӳ⣬ҴҵعļٵѰԨİ
Ԭ롣
ĻԨ߱׷ʲô
ͷŪһǺӣ׳ѪѩӣҴܵаֱ֣ԬԸˡ
Ԭ۽磬һ֪Ǹѩζʲô
㲻ýţµġԬİ£ڻĽѪͻƣһǹɼҲͻԴĽޡ
Ԩο
ԴѪ½ļԴ飬ܷеȼͻƣҲһλӦѪء
Ѫ飬ǸΪݺѩӡ



ڶǧʮ ̽Դ۾
ԬΪĽԴѪĴˣȻ֪ԴףЩؼ
ǹɼͺݵļһ㣬ҪȫӦѪ鵮
ԯ̬ɱ䣬ħʼԺ󣬼׾˽׵ǰᡣ
ûĻӦѾмԴˡ
Ԭ뿴ѩӵ˲䣬ܲµѩӵγɣȻǹɼĸԤǹɼ
ѩܣ˽ԴѪԨԼҲǸѩӵĳг
ԴƸӣ֮ĸĴ֮ʱԴѪĬЯˣ˵Ƕ֪Σյĵ˭
ѩӦǰȫġ
ôܣԬ뱳ǸӦǲݰ
߱˻ѪͻƵʮıܣӻǲ̫á
ԨȰ˰죬ǽ£ݺҸȡ֣Ҳܣ㲻ܲģ
ݺ
Ԩɫһ͹;ейͨ
ͨ񣬺ʹ˽ԴѪϵһ£ԴѪͼ̬ȡ
ԬɽĿǰûԴ磬Ǹѩӻʵֵġ
ʶУ̳ӦԴѪһ㣬Ҳͳȥ
ͻȻͷ֣Ȼܹ̳ʹ˽ԴѪֱϵѹҪ
ǣԡֱ̳Ǳߵ
챦ʯ㾧Ө̨УѪҫŰԴѪ
żѩӡ
ԴѪǹɼƺѩ뿪Դ磬ͻĽ֮ԬһǰһͻѪ
һ磬ѩӳΪߣ·ϼĽס
ˣ㲻õˣӦûµġ
Ԩӻ֣ٴʾͷ侲ǿԴѪ½ڹ;Уֱܺӹͨ
Ԩô˵شͷȻûףɻǰˡ
ǰак򡣡
⣬ѩһ壬ǰҲ硣
ú󣬱ŽգͷͻȻˡ
ĳƺǺѩܣûнʮûлΪǰʵѡ
İͻƵʮѪΪ峤
ۿԨĵˣܼ˵ˣˣ
ԴѪ
չԨüļŹĵ磬Ԩ߲ĹԴ飬ʵǴŸӦġ
ԴȻϸӦ֪ԴǴ½صס
ڽͻƣͨԬĹ֮ǣִмԴĵȽס
͹ԴӦⷽȺȱ١
ڻĽ磬ڻĽĹӣԹ֮ǵķʽ߱ͻƵĿܡ
ܹӦԴѪҲԣô
ʶУ̳ԶӦľ㣬Ը֪ľеԴ顣
ৣ
ڰһýľԡ̳۾ҫȻؿ˽ľнľеԴ顣

˵ģ֪ģѾˣ
ĶҲõˣ㵽׻
ڴ֮سˣǶоˣѵҪǣ
Դͬʱ¶
ţֻǿһǡ
Ԩջ̽ǵʶ̳ͨȥ֪еԴǡ
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Դǣ֪ǽ⻷ԴǵȽ׸ڲľԴ飬֪λö
ûи֪ԴǣǡڿҫǵģǾ߹塣
Ǿ߽Ϊ𡱵ڿҫĮȻעţֹͣӿС
ѱλ壬쵽ӣжˣһա
ʲôҲˡ
лᦺƵںϣһ뿪ǰҲˡ
ಣ
ӳ೾Ԧʱ֮飬ͷС򡣬޲ף͹꣬ڣޣżľƺƵطŹ
Ԩ
һбʳᣬʵǲˣҸоˣһˣǱ˭ɱģ
ǲǲŮʣ
Ŀ׹⣬ƺҪͳƴѰɫӰ
侲㡱
ŭʲôӣֲǲ֪ڽӴԨˣᱻλȾΪһֱҪԨѰͱ̹˹Ŀܡ
Ҳ׷ɱŮʣûҵʶ˾˺ˡ
Ԩûʲô飬ȷԨᱻλȾʱͷ棬Ѿ˶Դ
ܶ͵Ƚ׵壬ûܹ̩뿪Ҳŵԭ
ϧˣӦ׷ȥͷԵġ
Сź˵
һͬ޲ף͹꣬Ļɪɪ
ͬΪǿվޣͷľޣϵ̩̹˿־塣
ΪҲͺͷСޣŻҲʳǡ
һƬңаĴɱ壬ħ׷ɱޣֻΣ˭뾡׳
СԲбҪԨѹţǻûͱˡ
Ԭɵġ
Ԩһǵִ˵࣬˲ܼԲܼ׷˹ȥ涯֣㱻Ԭ촸ˡ
汻ȫȾȲˣʬǶŪ
ԨҲźǾȻЩᣬԺѰˣúǡĻԸˡ
ಣ
硢̫飬ߣҲڵ˹ԴڣԨıǰڿʱԨüͷһ壬ȷܲҲԴȾ
ԿɣѪǿ󣬲ûпܡ



ڶǧʮ 
Ԩ
ˣ
˰硢̫顢⣬ҲԨһͬվԨǰ
󷽣ڹԴûҫĵطմ˺ڰϢ
ȻԨǰ䶨ԨüķɳĹҫŨĺڰ
ĬĬתͨţŻ谵ݣȻýྻ
кǣȴû֪һ
ɫƣôΪԹڣأûͬң
ǡ
Ԩҡҡͷ˵ұΪӦüѰû뵽㵹⡣
ˣҲ׹䵽Ԩײ㣬һѰ
ڰ԰̫˵൱ڵ꣬ѭѪ֮ӦǱҵ˹·
ǲӨĽڣ̴ЦͽľײԺĿǰûٴ޸ʹð޾ڰǻͨġ
˵
˼ĵĿ⣬ڰ硢̫顢ϻεͻȻĬrأ𣿡
λҲںĵ죬Ԩ˵ԴǽеĹһ𣬶򡣡
ǻá󶨡
̫һɫ࣬ͻ꿡ʡ׹ǣڻ̩ǣˣ
Ժֻӳ೾򡣬һЩǿվޡ
ЩھСЩҪĳϣûԨԾ£ЩģЩܲ⡣
ԨüŸν͡
뿪ʱºǱȱòԾ
ӳ೾Χ̾һ˵ЩСо巣֮ģԨûǴϡ
Ҳ¡ӦǴˣҲѲ˺ݵǹа־
̩̹ĺᣬԵ壬ּ沢ħȺԴ꣬ûһĺøС
ӳ೾УԨԴ꣬аԴ飬Ļ֮Դ
Ԩǲ¡
ʡ׹ħλʳ˺ԴԺʡ׹¡Ǳһɵӡ
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İף̫壬лѪߣ˺ԴԺ󣬽ᱻϴһ
ܿȿһǵ״

üӦ֮Դ̨أ̨̳棬һֻɫ
ȿ硣
ѹûоԪ񣬶׳Ѫ֮ߡ
ڰûбλȾļû˼뱻Ť
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̫壬ԴѪħĵһλħ̫黹Ա̹˹ķһħ
ڴħڣܶ͵ģһġ̳
Ϊ̳Ĵڣı̫̬Ӷ̫˺Կʱ
̫ԪΪɫ񽥽ɫٶȺ
̫Ҳܴڽ밵ʱѾԼķԸ£ڱеԪ̳ˡ
䵽̳Ԫɫڱ䣬ԴŤ˼ȴסˣû̫Դĺۼ
Ԩٿ
Ƚϸӣλ׷Ѫǿʶɫħ꣬Ҳ
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Ԩһ֮Ҳ
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üϷ磬Ϊڰ磬̾ͳµĹ
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ԨһͻȻ˸󵨵뷨
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Ԩ½أ֮ܵĸٻڴ
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һ½أԴ֮ĸҲǽľĳ½ء
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˿̣֮ĸͨɽˣѰ
ԨУǴѵ½أȻӳٻ뿪
Ԩ
Ԩ
Ԩľޱ䣬Ҳ˽ľԴ顣
һֱԨӲͨԴ飬ͻȻԨġ̳



ڶǧʮ Ƭ
Ԩ㣬ʮ½
һΪۼ׵Ĵ½ŽħȺǳڴˡ
ħȺһλа
ϧħаڱ̹˹ħΧ˱̹˹;
λаýħЩʿ
ݵεԨʱԵĮģҲ̫
ûаԨվȣҲǺӡ
ԼһĶֵأϣڵǿϣµа֣ħϲԨ
졣
ۼ״½ĪضɽҡɽӲĴأŢ
ħˣеĳѿĵط죬еıɽʯһӶ
ʱڣڶۼ״½Ľħˣӭ
½·ͻȻ˵ĹԨԴĽħĨɱ
顣
ħѪʬǣŨԨۼ״½롣
Ӳһ½أһ޴ĸʯȻԨϲȥ
ۼ״½쳣еԨ顣
м߲Ԩһٶʮ߿½ؾǹ̶ģҲûй½ƶ
µܿٴη
Ԩ㣬Ҳ½أ˺Ͷۼ״½һĲ״
½ݡΡѪԨȺĨɱͬԨ߿նȥ
춯е½أ·ʲôٻƺҪԨ롣
Ԩ֮ۡ
ۣ䣬½ԨΪŨ磬Ŷۼ״½ӵ㣬Ʈ뵽ΪԨԴĵһ㡣
ʱļۣԨĹǡ
ȴʱԺл㱵ģķ·Զ
ʶʶڣʱԨڻӰܿԨǾ߽Ĺ֮ǸԨżῴ˵Щʲô
еϤԸǸԨǸԨΪˡ
б֣ˡ
ʶҵļۣŶۼ״½Ԩĵ㸡ȴЩ֪롣
ۣ
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ǸЩʲô
ڡںԪڵھޣ½ڣԨ쳣𶯣󼫻۵
ʿ
ԥһ£㳢ţĿе˹ͨ
ȥϵʱ֪ǸԨ

Ҳڴ˿̣ѾԨĽߣֻʣֵһˡ
꣡
ֵɵʶѩҫ۵Ľ⣬ϵԺէ֡
ÿÿһ˿ʶ͸㱻Ԫ֮һն֮
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Щӡǣ䡢½Ԫȫڵģֱ˴ˡ
ڲͨأҲû취ڲ˺䡢½ǰ£½ԺӡĨ
һ޽ûûֵɣһĺͽһҫ壬סԨԴʴ
ʮһ̴Ц죬ԴͷԨλͬˣֳ̫࣬ڲ֮δܰλȾ
ħ񱴶̹˹弯ߣҲڿݵĿԡ
ƫƫֵ֮ɣһΪĻԪ֮֮ԴִסǿԨԴꡣ
ԨǶԵġ
ϵֵɣ۲ЩԨɢڸԨߡ
ʶۡ䡢½ߣûбԴԺƺ޷Դꡣ
Щ˵˼ʶ֪ͱıˣʴꡣ
ֵɺȻ뵽硢̫飬ˣƺܵʲôٻһֱ䵽·ĺڰ
ӦȥѰԨ
ԥƬֵ̺ɽ߳䣬½ЩڵĴɡ
һһԨײ׹䡣

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Ԩ߲㣬Ѿȫڰû߲ĹԴûһ㶡Ĺâܹ䣬ܹҫ
ڣ߲ĺڰʶĺڰţӵ߲ӿȥ
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Ԩ
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ף㾹Ȼ
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ľګһֵɣȻӰ졣
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ʴ꣬Ť˼ʶεסģ
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κ󣬲ٴοڣʲôУԺʲô㣿
ҲİȻն䣬С½ԺУǵֱֵԲ䣬㣬Ҫ㣬ûа취
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ͷƬҶӣɽѰŵص͸
ɽڲĽԴѪͽѵĴ֮ĸ˲侪
̸װɡ
Ԩ



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ĳޣŵɢݿɽ𶯡
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㾹ȻԨȺԬ
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޾ĺڰ纣ˮǳϸҪûԨЩ½أȴԨͻȻĺڰУǧٵ
ѤصĹ·ĺڰ䣬Ҫᴩġ

ޱ߹ԨûбڰûģԨ磬ԨۣԴȪ
񱩻ҵԨԨھתϴӣΪһĹ֮
ΪԨصλԨ֮һչֹ类ڰû
ڰ
ԨÿһԨ𵴣ȻеԨȺ
ǵãûͷͬ飬㲻ȥԨأӿĺڰ˳Դ־ЦȻˣǾͱҪۡ



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ںͻλԨԹͨʱֿԨıȴӺڰɳֹͨԴ·ĺڰѹơ
ͨǸԨ;ԨԨĸоˡ
Ԩ̵Ӱ죬̷Ķ
ԴϻλԺǻһƬֲ嶫
Խǻ׿Խ۶ˣԽ׾ң۾ĹȦ

۽µĴ½еĹԴ飬ͻȻٶ֪ǱԨвţ˾
Ҳǿ
ӿһ½Ϊ񱩵Ԩɵ½õĹϴӡ
߲½ͻȻҫĹâ²ЩԨȺ궼ûġ
һֱǹɺڰѹƣʼڰһ
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Ϊڴ֮صǹɺڰмԴ飬ԴļӳְʹúڰԨǿ
ڣӿȥĺڰȴԨͷŵĹǿ
ںڰ׵磬ֽԨڰȻܽЩ½û
Ҫ֪ûбԨǰԨںڰ֮¡
ΪԨԴ꣬Ϊ壬ЩԨȺķչܻڰŴӦԨѰҹԴ
ԣŻᱻԨҵᱻԨ硣
ǹɺڰϲԨ߱иҡ
Ԩ˿̷·ͷŵǧٵȥƻڰĳּƻ
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۵ĹԨӿ룬Ԩ
õ֮Ժ󣬸ողȫĹҲһ˽ϣԨǲ̨֮ڣֳС
޲ԨһΣ׵شڰܳƶ

ԨԨĵ㣬̧ͷǿ½һۣû뵽һǽͷݣΪ˶ԸڰȻ衣
ѵãһء

ĹڲصĿĹںڰĵ㣬ƿĿڡ
ڰûĴأЩѾԨ飬ֹ
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˹⣡
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Ǿ쵽˲Ԩ㣬ڹ㣬Ĳȥ
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Ǳӵײ½أ˸߲½ء
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Ԩʶڵġ̳͹ԴԻҰõҵӳֺʤ
ġ̳ӦԴһ㣬˿޷Ŵ类
㡰̳ĴڣԨѪ壬ΪؼǿĹ֮ʯ
˿̵翨˼ڻĽѰҵһš֮ǡ
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Ԩ֮Ԩľ£ԶǹԴܱȡ
תĹ˹֮ԴڵĴ½úڰԴͷʹѡ
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ڰҪ̴ЦȻ̴Цڣٴο⡣
ԨҲؾͲľԴ飬ʵҲҪɡ
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ֻľۼ֤֮ĸ䣬Ӱýľ֪֮ĸˣھӿǲ
ȻԨ䣬һ½طϢǽľġ
ľͷԴ飬ڶλĿ־壬ҴƬڰ뿪Ψúʹ֮ĸͬ³
ڱŪһЩСǸɵóġ
бµĻͿЩٻ̴Ц
Ԩʱ貹ԴԨĵ㣬߲
ӦҲĥûа취ƴ֮أ޾ĺڰ֡
ǿ鱾ʶӡźڰеھӣŪΪ̳һ֡
̴Ц첻ڰԴ㲻ܽ٣չֲȫ
ǿ鴴½ԶĺڰУȡһĺڰ̨棬Ҳء



ڶǧʮ Ȫ
̩ǡ
Ԩ֮ͣͷ˼
ʮУһƬŵɢ̩ܱߣûг籡Դǿ
صУ˭Ūģ֪
ӿǿ׳δԨû̽ӳ೾Ҳͷ
һ۲ɼĻ˿ߣԨڷɳϢ벻ͬС
ȴûһ˳أ㣬չŻ֮
ֻû㣬Ҳʧȥˡ
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ıͻȻӰһλħ̴Ц졣
һλȻԳԴ֮񣬱̹˹شԺ󣬽ʣһлİɪ˹
ɪ˹ûа񺡹ǣֻһа꣬Ҳ̴Цվ
ɪ˹ŶԨģıӰǾηˣҵ𣿡
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ʥػߣܵԺ󣬱ɪ˹뿪ʥ
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ʮֹУɪ˹˵ˣҲ̽ȴһڴ˽ʱ˽⵽һ࣬˵ЩƺΪȪ۵У֮˻򡣡
̴ЦƤӣɪ˹Ľס΢
վԨ߹֮Ť
ΪǹɺڰԴ飬½ӣʱӿ˼ͷѡ˳
Įת泯Űɪ˹Űɪ˹а꿴һۡ
ɪ˹аУûһ˿ܿԡ
ʹ˵صһУΪ֮⣬˲䱻
·һָΪµѻ
ɪ˹ٿڽˣаҲģһЩĿ΢΢
ڻܣɪ˹̩̹ͨһᡪ壬Ӿż֪
ʮУƺΪȪۡƺĳһͻȻð
ȪۡͻԺ󣬱ӿǿܣϵ̩̹ע⵽һԴѰ
Ȫۡĳ֣̩̹ԭȲͻ򣬴רǿս
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ԴǺӽػһͷͷСǿվޣڻ
ĳ֣ͻ棬ЩȪۡ
ھļУû˵ʮȪۡĳҲû˵ͷϵ̩̹ûŪȪۡܡ

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Ƶлᦵںϣ̲أпռ侫°أԳһռ䡣
ɪ˹û壬춪ɪ˹ʱλԳԴ֮а񣬺޷֮أֱӾͽ뵽졣
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ҲΨһһ괩ԽԨ֮ţܹԨ̤뵽Դ磬Դа
λȻǿʥ̤

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żǸȪۡͣסеһʶ֪Ȫۡе쾰
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ԣԹԵؽȥм򣬻ڵĺ֮ģǰ֮ء
֪ӵ뿪ʱ̹˹ǿնľȻħۣէһ˿ɡ
ϧһ˿Ѹٵû·δֹ

һǿձ߽磬з䡣
ԴߵȽ׵ޣΪħ׷ɱаԣյŵĴѶ󣬶Ӹظ
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졣
Ҳһҵġ̫ˡշţǧգҲ˷ǰ
ɫ컢ǿһ顰̫ˡʱɫ΢
컢׳һǽ㣬ʥǰл˵Ѫζ
УֻܡС
һ޴ġ̫ˡΪεĻʯֻһˡ
ܵȻ޲ɷӿŵӿĻɽ
ʵǻ£һѨϣ·ڶ硣
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绯ĵأŤգ컢Ϊ֮ݣִƾӿ̫治ܿƣᲨ
ڣ;еЩޣ׷׳ϵغš
ߵһ顣
ſвһʹΪΪõֻˣϢŮ˵ϡ
ŮˣԨйϵ
ˡ
̫ˡϵԯǷԺ󣬵ȥĽ磬ϣͨС
ܸоһֱںңȥͨĽ
ԯ롣

һشص棬Ļâ磬ʱع欵ġ̫ˡҲ̡
ֱţ翴ͬȵĴڣûһ˿־塣
پ̬֮ǰɫ粻ķ·ǧҪ˵ʲôҲû¶
ԡ
ͷ
Уӵ޴æĽȥڵڶ
ƺԯĽ룬ϢֲŮˣһƬ𺣡



ڶǧʮ ·ħ
Ԩ߲㡣
ӳѾԨײ㣬ֻﻹԨȺ档
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ЩطħȺ֮ҲĴϵ
ĥƬ̣֪ʲô
̹˹ԨɢħУħ׳
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ϧǣԨԴԵԱ̹˹طȥͶħջǻɾ
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Ԩִ߲㣬ӿĺڰ㱻ɢ
ڵ㣬һӴ֮ĸѵ½أҲԴĸ߿նȥ
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ԨЩǿߣ״ҲֻЩ½ص
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޾ĺڰлġ̳ܺڰԴԼҲʶע롣
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⣬ȴλܿԴĺڰ󼰺ġ
ڵ߲Ԩͣסǿ鴴֮أʶںڰء
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Ժеġ̳Ҳ޷ͨľԴ顣
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ŵ𻵣ԬλԴѪҲܰ
ǣڴ֮ĸع߼ԴԺͱȽΪʮһȻȥ١
ȻžͳܲĽ٣Ӳȫ
ಣ
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Ԩĵ߲㣬Ҳһ½أӰֳ
߲ģǿ½ĹԴһ͸ɵƣ߲ա
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Ԩͣڵ̴ЦԺ
Ԩϣǿ鴴֮أǿһ㡰ֵ̳ھӣҲӺڰи֡
֪ڰԴ鶨̲סһðͷ
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ԨüͷһȻͷ߿գ˲Ծ

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櫺һħȻڶۼ״½ǰա
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ۼ״½顣
ңۼ״½ĴذأֻҪûħӭͻƣ߱



ڶǧʮ й
ԨԨ߲㣬ҲϿյͻ䡣
΢΢һ֪λָʹ˰櫣дħȥҪԨ룬͸ɽϵ½ء
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櫣ƾõĹħ¡ǱһѱλŤ˼룬־۸ġ
Ԩ߲㣬ȺڰԴ̴Ц콵ٵԨͻȻеЩͷۡ
Ǿ񣬺ԴѪ½ն̨һ̤밵
ڰУҲҪҪڰʴ
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ڴ˿̣ħ̴ЦӰأ޾ĺڰ
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ħĽºڰ֮Уƺʵأ·Ĵ֮ء
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ЩһģɣԶܱ޳
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йһξԨæסľǣԺеǲ̨棬ٴͷų貵⡣
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ڶǧʮ Դ
ԴڼС
Ԩʶ̳еĹ̨֮棬ͻһ˱Ӱ
ӰֺԨƤӣһ鴤
˱ӰһİȹŮݣżý˿ڻҵشСС
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ԨͻȻһָܡ
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֪Դ飬һֳǻ壬ԵĻϡ
ԴûУǿ̰ľֻĳض¡

һɫ⣬̳է֣һγ˲֪ļȻӿ֡
һ˱ļ䣬Ժ£ͳԨԴꡣ
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򡱻ڴСС
Ԩꡣ
ط֣Ԩ֮½ڲһʯء
أźͺ֮ơ
һ龧Ө͸ʯ̲Ĺ˵ġ
ʯΪڵصתԨǿɡ
֮أγȻĿܵߵĹʯ
ЩˣκһõʯѪеĹϴ裬ܹ̥ǡ
뿪ˣǧ½أǸʯĵطҲǿ½Դ
½ҫԨԨ·½أܹ
ұߣҪȥĽ磡
οյĵص׿ռ䣬һʯУԴԪһǳۡ
ǿǳԬӻĽģν֮ǡ
š֮ǡڵص׼Ժ󣬱ܹԺ͹һ塣ûǸ򣬾ڡ֮ǡڣѽԺ͹ۼ
ಣ
˼ԬȺĹУһѿĵص׷϶ɳһǳ
ŶĿǳ½ϵˣ޷۾ֱӡ
ۣ½ߣҲԽۣǿǳ
ʵ̫ˣͷųǿ⣬ܴϹߵ۾
նȥʱ˰ãã˶ʧˡ
Ĺ漸Ԩǿ߷׷׵ͷ񷣬ֱĹԴ
һ̣˷֪ؼǳһֱ
ܿ찡
̴ЦĺڰԴ飬һΪڰ֮족ţֱǿġ֮ǡȥ
ÿϷһأϿյĹʧȡ
߲㣬͵Ԩ磬һڰ
ȵ˵ʱֵĺڰڱβеա
·ٴӿĺڰҲû㣬Եú
ǿ
꣡
ܼĵ磬һϣٶȻһ
ͻȻֹסҲ˲Ծͷ·
Ե޾ڰУǿĴ֮أٴθֳԨӰ
Ԩû׷̴Ц죬ʱ˳
Ԩ磬Ϥţܼϳ塣
ԨԨ֮Զ編ľƿ㾡סˡ
̴Ц壬ЩʱڶԨ½ͻȻҡΡ
㣬㣬еĲһЩ½أ类Ծǣ𵴡
Ͻ½أسײһ飬춯صĺ
Щ½ϵĳйȣԨǻȺļ԰Ļεײڽ֪Ԩӭ
ü
Щĵ磬Ԩÿһ½ضӡ
޷ϣŤǣڶԨ硣
ڸʮһ̴ЦԺҲûһԨ磬ȥ׷֮Դ
նЩԨӵϡ

ڰС
Ԩٴοаʥȥľ޿ӣһڵľӣֶ֡

ʶģġ̳ԴüƮͷ񾧹

һӡ̳ӿֳһϿո̴Цʹ֮ص
Ҳ֪жٵʶ̴Ц塣
Ԩ΢΢һЦ
ȴ֪û̴Цܱʱٻ㸽սһˡο㻹вֵʶ̴Цڣϸϻ
ںġ
Ԩδ̳ھȥ
Ҫ̳ԣĺڰ̨ڣ̳֮Уһ֡
֪ۺڰԴ飬λӦö¶档
Ȼ
ڵľڣֳӰ𡱵ԨԴ긽塣
Ǹڵľڣں֮ĺһζӡ



ڶǧʮһ k
ԨԴ겻ھУĹ֮ͬĺڰ̨Ծ
Ԩһ̣޾ڰеεصӴľ֦ҶҡţڷӭĻع顣

ԶĽľ˳СèڻصзŶ
ľÿһƬҶڣƺֳЦģӰ񸡶ڳݻ
֮·ٰ֪ص漣ͷûԾ

ɺӲĴأ˺죬ʷеɽһθߡ
ԨӰټһ֮أĹƺ˲õ˸ա
ʱʮ꣬ڷԨڴ֮񼣡
վڵ֮ϡ
ԨΪ𡱵Ĺֿ֮տգδӺЯһ
̤˵صһ·ӵһУ߲Ԩ·ˡ
ң벻Ҫƺҡ
еk
ԴԨĹ֮վǿڵľϷͷԨӡ
һˡ
ޱĺڰ磬޴ڵķܣŵkۡ
꣬ǵkԨ̩̹ѪսԨ̩̹սʱkѡǿжή١
ԨʱԵĵˣǵk̩̹
Ԩ꣬͵kᡰ̳ȨǺ̩̹
ԨûеõԴѪ壬̩̹
ܵkʴʱԨˡ
̳ѿԨع鵽ԭʼ״k˳С
kΪ̩̹Ԩԭʼ֮꣬ʹһͬȥԴ硣
ʮȥˣk֮ͨģʹ֮صӣһλصkϤء
kصkǧĴ֮أǵkĸš
Ҳӵиġ
kŽµŴ֮أźڰķϷ߲ԨҵһظܵҶиġҾҪ
ԨüķɳŴٱԺҫĿġ̳ڵkڽʱͣ
Ѥõġ̳kסܼ³䡣
īľУڵkĽ£ֺȻֳһ޳Ӱ
һòģĺŮˡ
kǴ֮ͳ̴ЦĺڰԴ飬k˿Դ㣬ԵkĺڰԻһӰӡ
ӰǵkǻԵĶ֣ȴõģ޷ôھӡ
kںڰ̨УԴĽ£߲Ǹңסˡ
޷
ԴƵᣬƽˮ˵ǱйЭ飬Ϸ߲·磬Զƿء
˻һڰԴεص˵ͷҲٶʲô
kɿԨڵkУٶྪ춯صֵһᡣ
һֱǣֻǱĵУڣ㻹ôΪ𣿡kЦЦѯʡ
Ҳ˵е磬һԴ飬ֻϣӵСԴͷҴ뷨ִɱʱܵõҪһС

kԼ֣ϸϸ
ȷʵǺĸܡ
Ƭ̺󣬵ķͷȻұúһˣѵҪΥңҪΪУ
ԨĬ
䣬kⷬ
ԨڵkҪԼڵkԼʱԼǿܹԵkп̱˵Ļ
kνԴ飬ûУֻһǻԵġ
ûеԴ飬۶ô߸ϣֻǱ
ԲһȺز
ЩأԲҸͶԨ֮Դ꿹
ںܳһʱڣӮһ
̩̹ûûһսķûԴͻȻԤȻ߲Ԩʵͳߡ
̩̹ҲóԨزԴ硣
Ϊʤ̩̹ʵҲˡ
ϼиԴǿҲ޷ȷǲˣ̩̹Ԩ֮ŷء
ģԴꡣ
ϧ̩̹ǲڶ֪
ûĶ
kٴοڡ
Ǻڰ̨аʥľ޿ӣƯȴʼڵkĽ¡
̨Ӿ޿뿪һǣڰǵŮӰȻʧ
ڰʶԵӰƺܺ͵kڴ֮صĸԴ롣
̨Ԩڴ֮صkܽһ£ƮԺ󣬵k㲻ʶԣӰ
ɻǵãһڰ̨Ҳҵİ£ڰͬˣǵkҵҪ£ԸΪϵģ
һ̨ģҸġ
ԴݣЦ
Ϊʲô;ãӦñûأһ֣
kһĳĮ

ڰеĻkߡӿʱĺڰǣǲڰ̨ע롣
kµĺڰ̴̨Цġڰ֮족֪߳
źڰķۣԨ̳һֵĺڰ̨棬ֳķء
kڵģkӡںݵģڶԴѪԴǣͿռ䡢ءصķ򣬱kչǲڰ̨档
һڰ̨ȫ磬ʹk
ԨĺڰУ
½أɽڻγͷЩȺѪڰкڰԴӡǡ
ǻǺڰԴĳ񣬻ὫǹɺڰΪ񣬻һܻȥ
߳Ƭڰ磬ڱ磬ȥɢǺͺڰԴӰ
̴ЦŵҪ£ڵk֮£ѱ׵ʵ֡
ڰԴ齫̨е磬ӵٴͻƽףʶ߼Դ
ǵkĳŵ
kسŵڵk㹻ǿ߱Ժ󣬵kΪkλͬʵ˳ŵ
kԶš



ڶǧʮ ԯ֮
Ȼ
Խɽڲء
ӪѾڣмֵʯ飬ڴ֮ĸ˶£Ǹɽ
е飬ڸɽ֮Ĵϣɽ֮ϵɽ塣
ɽۣ֮Ⱥ֮䣬ϼ⽻֯ʺҫ
˷ĺӹлĽ޵ŸȪˮḶ́ͷϼ⡣
ȥͷԳҲ̤վԬ뱳
ɽͬԬֻȹŮӣ񣬲ûָܻʮĸ߶ȡ
ݻߣ֮ܣɽͻɽۡ

ֺڸɽϵš
һȦȦĿռ˺ѳҫķ϶
Ϊģܱߵ类и̫Ŀռѷ졣
޴ĿռѷУд֮ĸĴɢݣγռĺЩԨ½Ѱ
ħء
Ԭģиһī
ıѤõĿռ۾
һס
īһѵĿռ϶ƼһƬʯγɵ캣ħһĿĽ⡣
ֵɣ
ͷԳʱֵɣô
Ҳ֡Ԭü
Ľ֮͵񣬿ŻԳ˵
ԳһɣԺ޻ûԴӡǴڡ
壬ڸоϸʤҾ߱ΪǱ
ȻԳеǡ
Ԭİ£ԴѪֵľԳëϡɣôïܡ
ձù⻬ࡣ
ڵѨǰ࣬
գͻȻһžԽԽݵġ塣
һأ֮ɽڵԴѪԭʼӡ
Գ壬ڱ䡣
ͻȻĻ־أԬ룬ŵ峤ң
Ԭ֪ʲôº͵Ц˵ΪռԴ磬ԨڶȺӣɸѡĶػʱȻᱻֲһȱݣŸŵķʽ
ŵķʽѵǣãȻ
壬ŶԣڱΪ塣ĿǰǾŵǻȺǽһЩ͸ı䣬ˡ
ȻҲ᳤ڻΪˡ
ʵϣңĻΣֻԵɡԳ壬̫๲֮ͨ
ԬӸɽɳѵķ϶ͨīܿԶ
˿ԥҪҪһѪȥ״
С塣
ήҲĺɽ侲ѵڳ˺ݵԴħΧޣ˵ҲħԴͷˡֵ壬ҲûɺħΪУֵҲÿ
ٴʱɽĺȹԽش˸
ɽ˱նɱĳ
ûָܻʮΪǷȱĲѪľۼ
ӴɲԬ룬ܸġ
ˣڻûѪֻǾż
ô
Ԭ૵Ҳ
Ҳڴʱ
ͬѰͬһƬҶӣֳԨӰ
ԬһæֵԨҪŪ״

䣡
ѪǳڲԴѪͼһ;棬˳ִﰵ
ǳֺ󣬰ĺ
Ψм˪ܹ֪ģ̲ؼ̼˰򣬲۸ԭеĵײ㷨
ն̨֮ϣԨɫ΢
Ϊ˪ԴѪ½ı̤ˣͫһƬĮԦš˪֮·ûпԼ
һ̵ļ˪ǰףĴߡ
ˡ
Ů˵
Ԩ˵ͷˡ
˪ûдﵽʮһ壬Ӧóز˼ȫٵԼڼ˪ϣԨΪ

һѪ⣬ԴѪ½ͷųҫڼ˪ϡ
ڼ˪ʱѪܣн
ԴѪĽǽͣǹѪܣǲ޸΢Сơ
ļӳ֣Ϊľһ̡
ΪģüʶԽ٣
֮ȻĿƣڼ˪Լ˪չʵֺܶ¡
Ʃ磬޸ıӨڡ
ԨĿһ
ͼħ̴Ц죬ԨľĽڣŨĺڻۣγɰããĺ
ֻԼ˪ȥԼ˪ʩչðͺڰķγɡ
꣬һλõ˼ļӳ֡
ǿޱȵΪʮһԺչء
λʹԨǱߵĺڰ޷͸
ʮһҲ򼫺Ľ٣ʵ˴¶䡣
Ժ󣬱޽ıӨѿˣѡ˼˪ټ˪޸
ҪǸѾͷˡ
ԨЩʲôʱ򣬲ŮҡҡͷΪڣҲΪֻѣǱȫݻ٣ܻšˣԴѪҲ
ʱѪǳУԴѪҲƵѶϢ
Ҫ˪ҲԼ˪ʩչԨٴθֹ޾ĺڰ͸
ҪǱѹեǱܣܼı³ҲԨǿǳ
ಣ
ն̨ƮȻߣڰ֮ܿ㵽ĽӴ֮ء
ããĺŨĻıֻ˪֣Ϊڡ
ն̨ȼ˪һ
ǰޱ߼ʵĺڰԨײ㡣
֪ı˿̾ޱߵĺڰ
Ǿ߹֮ĿǰҲǰĺڰС
ȱȥɡȼ˺ϣȸ硣
Ůն̨ϣͼڰֹֿ



ڶǧʮ ʧе
Ԩ֮ϡ
ۼ״½˿̱һƬʯưΧǧħȺʯ߮
ӴʯŶۼ״½ڻҪ½飬仯ʯһ֡
ֵɣֻһˡ
ħƮħÿһʯ
ЩԴľʯħƻϱţΪڶаħֵɵ
ֵɷʤ
ͣڿҪѵĶۼ״½һ籩䡣
СħͷĽնɱȴͰ櫵ƶʯ
ħħ꣬ʯ䣬ϱнṹ
İͫϼ䣬ԴꡢԴǵľէֵ֣ɵÿһʶͻ
ֵɾһʶң˴˼䲻˳ӡ
Ȼû뵽ĻԴͷİ櫣սʢ
ԹʯϰսȻֵɣҲǿۼ״½ٳٲ
ͣͣ
ͻȻ㣬˺գγڶķ϶
ֵɺλħЩէֵĿռ϶Ҫ½뿪Ȼ򣬻۵֮ĸصĸɽ
޶ãֻڽǵͨƴɱ˲̫ࡣ
ú󣬸Ԩ½أҲ̷˳ڶۼ״½֮
Ȼдħ£ǱʣЯָħӿڴˣЩ½Ҳ뿪
ͻȻ
һŹâ޿ڵǳһ·ŴĿ⣬ֱԴն
֮ǡеĵkһһģشա
̴Ц족Ԩ㣬kûǿ֣Щ½֮󣬵kҲԨ
ǿk꣬γǧʯأѡˡ
ҲǣkԨԨһ

յЩ½صħǳƮʱС
ڵkĹҫ֮£Сħħѩڡ
ֻоżħʮĴħǿ֮£ħ껹ܱ־ۣûҪɢļ
ߣ
΢΢ɫ
k⵽һѵĿռ϶һڱkĵ
ûһ˿ԥkռ϶

Ԩ㡣
̴ЦĺڰԴ飬ܵ˵k뿪֪kڶԷĽӦ£ȥȻӦѾɽ
ڰԴֹͣ
kżۣ氲䣬һӺݶǿߡ
氲󣬴ӻػԼ۵ٵġԴ֮š֡
ԭں棬⵽ô¡
ںڰԴ̴Ц۾ЩʱͻȻյָ
ǴݻеģԨ뿪½ء
ݵǿߣλԥԨ֮Ϸȥ
ħԨϷ磬һͬݻͼĴ½
ۣڽϵǣЩĿռѷ죬ȥᡣ
ȵʥأصأȵĳϣӦ۵ĺ٣ۼʥĺϣԵͷš
Ķλɫʰ쵵ĺУҵѵĿռѷ졣
Щ򿪵ͨȵĺںϡ
磬ʵأѷҲ֮ϡ
½ҪԿռ϶߽ݾǰȻ·ۺȶϾ
ԨЩ½أħͺǿЯ£һѣڻʯ

ֵɽ֣ЩԺݵߣͫĵؿ
Ͷ⣬һظ֣ƺҪƲħҪֽΧɱ
ֵɲ£Щͬǿƴɱơ
ˡ
ҡͷ̾һ󣬱һԶȥ
䣬½Ѧţȫǽڵĺ㣬ͼ˪֮ʱĽμߡ
ЩˣֻΪԨаԭ򣬱ʱƿǡ
ܽЩԽڣ߻ɱֻ롣
ˣѿĿռ϶ˣûһ½ڷԨԺԽôĺǿħ
֮ĸҪЩ½ػع飬ָļƻʧܡ

ˡ
ڰ̨֮ϵԴ꣬ǧأϸ΢ؿžơ
ϵ춯kָƣѶˣƽ˵½飬ӡķ򣬽һħħС

ͣһ£k˵Ϊ㣬ұǴ㽻̫ʼ̫ʼõ֮ĸĴ󲿷ְصġ

ġ̳ڶĿռڣŤ
ڵգڰ磬һشŨܻỤ̃ͼȾġ̳ȡ
Ԩüͷ塣
߲Ԩ䣬ҲܹģҲ֪Ԩ֮ϵԴ緢ʲô
ԬЯ֣֮ĸķδܽЩѵ½أŪɽ
֮ĸȻˣȴٶȣָ߼Դս
뿪ˡ
Ԩľţɵظϸ
ľ³ҺͲźڰ̨ĵkţþн
еĲľԴ飬·ԨͲʶҲûпԨһۣҲ̳ͨԨ
ƺҲûкԨͨ
kĵִkԨ֣Դ˲һ뷨һЩСûˡ
ȻkˣеССƣᱻk
ľԴԵk˿־壬֪Υk³ǱüΪ˳
ǡ
k΢΢ͷһͬԺѡ˳
kĿ͸ľԴԴ飬ڷҲk˸ӵС
ЦţҲ

ԨüһĺڰУ
ԨؾԨľ⣬бĶҲkҲڱźڰ̨
ⷽޱߵĺڰУԨֻ֪֮أֻԨľûз
ԨļУͬûصļأеĻӦҲš
kĹkٻж·ڰ¶
ңýߣʵ˽Ķࡣ



ڶǧʮ ڰеа
߽硣
˪ļԴ飬š˪֮ӨĽⳤӡ
Щⳤӣȡڵ̳ȫµıӨڡ
˪󣬱ǣʩʱƤ⽥ѣȴΪûһѪܹ
ѪҺᣬΪ°ڵĵ㺮ҫѤ⡣
Ǽ˪͸첲޳Ľײ׵ա
˪ݣĴƿ˿ơ
⻹ֻڡ
ڼ˪ѪУ鲼ȫĽҲѡ
·ĥǺҲزǰļҲڼ־ĸ˲̶ͬȵ˴
ʮһ
ǹɼΪֹڰݱ͸òȫ֡
ն̨֮ϣԨɫۿڼ˪ڵľٶк֮ɫŨ
侲Ҫôȥ
ԨԱߣŮȰ˵ü򲻱ڰǱߵаʱֽ
˶٣ĵٵԴ磬ܹʣˡ
Ԩü
ն̨£̫ʼͲֳܼӰӣǸһӨĻҲڶԨȰ˵Ҫʱ֡
˪üȫأԴѪӦ
˪Լ˪չֵҲ˫ʹɵĹʶ
һڱԨԼ侲ż˪һһ΢䣬ʱȵ׼
Ƶ޾ĺܣѸ̽ᾧ
뽣ⳤӣӱΪһ¶±Өǽڷûźܡ
һߵĺڰȥײⳤӻĽڳǽǽͻȡĺܵ
ǽܹ𴦵ĺܣһ飬¶Էĳ
ԴѪ½밵򣬶Ҳڴ˵ʱ̴ЦͽľٴκҲײƲ±ǽ
ܿ죬ֻһСѵ򣬻ûбɲ롣
ʱ
ʮһԨ̫Ѩͻͻֱն̨Ȼվ
𾪵ؿ޾ĺڰ
ʵʲôҲ
ҲоڶıǾ߱Ĺ֮
ܵһ
һ޴ţڶȫİģûӡ
ЩӺԨϢһ񱩻ң̺ɱ¾ƻݻ٣Ҫһеļ
ĺڰиصѪ⾫ܣȻԴѪҪֲ
ǼŤģ
еӣԴ硢ԨĽӣ֪˶ٱ
ǻɱţ·ɱǧ꣬꣬Զͣ
Ԩʮһ񣬱Դ˽ԴѪж
ڰȴ֪УޱȿµŤ֮
ŤĲꡣ
ͷŵĿֲѪԨԴϤ
ˣˣ
ڿոջȰ˵Ԩ֪ʲô
ȴڳҪ̤ڰ
Ҫȥӽδ֪Ѫ֮ҪУΪеһ֡
ŮʣºԴλӺڰֺ󣬲ܿƵҪȥ
ͬһʱ䣡
С򡣬޲ף͹꣬ӳ೾磬̫顣
ЩѪǿԴѪķʽףͻƵʮǿߣҲأǻŵСȱȥ
ҲκζȴоǣǰǴսС
˷·𶼷ˡ
Ԩĸξ֪һߵĺڰͻȻðĶض¡
ɵеı壬ûû
Ū˰˺;ޣѪﵽһ̶ԺܹǺڰķˣƺȫӰ졣
ʮһܹǶȻŮʶ޷⡣

ԨҲ˲Ը˪ļߺȡ
תڰ룬Ѻӳ೾˻ϵԴѪ½
ѯʣڰʲôʲôĶͻȻħ
ԴѪĬ
κŸӦһűȾŤľ޴Ѫ⡣ѪУšͬϢ
ԨȻ
ͬ࣬ȻҲԴѪ
ԨļУԨаУľԴ飬û˵ԨԴѪ
ûҰͬ࣬ԨѪӦйģˣҲܱλˡԴѪٴλӦ
ԨظӦԴѪҲǸողŷ֣ôһŤѪ⣬Ӷ뵽һһͬ࣬Ԩֹ
ݣݣ
˪ļԵػӽĽⳤӣǾ߱Ө壬ϸܵ˿ڡ
ԴѪһУѹ˲öԨĳŵܲôˡ
˪ǳزٵ˰ҲҪٶȣ©ƬڰȾĿܡ
ͻȻðģӰѪǿԴѪ
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мǣһҪȥ
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ԴѪͻȻ֪Ԩ˼룬֪̽ڰ
Ǳ㼫ֹŤѪ⣬ǲ֪ʲôҸов㣬˵һµĶҪʱŪ
ںڰ޷ͨ޷ԡ̳ס˼룬ѲԴѪ
ڴ˿̵İԴѪȷʵֱջ
ֻѵģֻ㲻Ӱ죬ҪģԭأԴѪϵش
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Ӹ·ģ˿֪ĺڰǱ˽Դٻġ
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Ԩʶͷţֱkţʼղܶزʶġ̳֮صһ˵kʩӵع鵽Ԩʶ
Ԩ㱡
һνڰ磬аʥã򱴶̹˹ûн룬ѡ˴Ӵ˷뿪
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˿̣Ǵ֮ص𶯣Ƶ˱ŵʱգá̳ܻع顣

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ֻǣϸȥʱַûصļ䡣
ء֪ʹ֮һ壬ɼȴһƬհס
ľнľеԴ飬ǡءʱڻҵضܡ
յĽľУǡء䶯Ѫ⣬·ǲ಻֮
λԴܵ˴־壬һ㶼մȾһ۶Ը
ԨԴѪУѪ̨Ȼü֡
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ڶǧʮ أ
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ԴѪ½类һֻ۾
ɺѪӵֻͷţµĺڰڲסҲûѪ⡣
ԴѪĵȼǸںڰƺںڰ¶Ѫ⡣
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쳣޴Ѫɫ˸
Դ硢Ľ磬Ԩӣ֥С
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ԨĿǰ֪ʹϵ̩̹۷ʱڣҲӴ
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ԴʱǿվΪӴ󣬿޼໥ĲпʳԴݻ١
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ĬãkȻп˵ˣǵˣһУҲӭ˻𡣡

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kٴοԨ
ԨͻȻܵ˴ʹ
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Ԩ٣ѪҺʱóͣ۾ػε
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Ĺ硣
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Ԩ֮Դ꣬Դ걳̴ЦֵĺڰŤ
ɫ˻𣺡ǲǰأٴθңҰݱȾ磿
־Ҫ߻ħҪʹ𣬱λƿصĲС
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Ԩͨ͸ϸһۣ֪ͻˡ
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֪ҪȥģϷԨ߲磬·ĺڰ
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ԨԴ꣬شڵkһöӣkɣ뽫k
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ԬĬأȻ֪ԴĽ̸ɫ;
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ǲѪ̳ھǺ֮ģءӡŵģڵķӡ



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ڶɬѪЩڣ˷ľԨȻġ̳͸
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ءеӣӦĳʧȺĳӴľ
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οЩ˶ӣӡڡ̳Ув͸ĵ
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뵽ԨһٴӿֳĪı˸顣
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磬ܿļ磬Ĺȡ
絮֣ǵӣŤ񱩡ҵ
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ڡءڣЩܵۻӰ죬Ҳţܻǰ
ǵĻǸʧʼٸ߷·ǰԴꡣ

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ͻȻ֡ءڣ䶯ѪУ˶ġӡʧ
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Ԩ͸žΣԺ󱳶űұڵȱڣһ򵱹Īأ˰
Ԩǣһ˵ĺڰǰװ

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ȻָѣʹؿǰԨ֪Ԩһ˵һ߻ҪڰĹ
Ҫȥ˻ԴѪ½뵽½ڲ
Ԩȵ
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Ԩٴȣն̨仯һ߲ʵġ˰ۡЩ˵·ϼ⡣
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̫ʼؼʱȣһˣԼĴ̫
ǣЩءٻݵڰءһֵѪǿߣϽն̨
ӳ೾߲ͷ̫Ϥն̨ˡ
䵽ն̨ʱԨſ˽ƣֱӽ뵽ն̨ͷռܵ硣

һʴ߲ϼ⻷ʱƿն̨ԴѪ½ֱӴϵ
򡣬С硢̫£ӳ೾׼ն̨
Ҳߣ
ԨŮʣٳûն̨ȵڰжԽǿѪ飬Խ԰Ĺƻ󡣡
ûܹҰ㣬ΪʮһһѲģ
Ҳն̨һ𣬿ȥ
Ԩߴ١

ҡͷǵӰн⡣
һֻ⣬·ǧɫɡ
ͷХ
еתΪ
Լ޸ƵͻȻһ˿档
һһֻȼҰɫ档
δ֪ĶȻӰֻѪ飬һѪǡ
ԨûתʱȻһѵԽԽ󣬱ڰԴŪȱڳ˹ȥ
һűڰ̴Цȥھӻ硣
kرɫһڰ̨棬ȶڰ
k뿴ܹkٴν׵ĺڰ磬Щո飬Ůʵ֮͸
ĺڰ飬ĿǰС޷κһ֮
ŮʣȻΪԨֵѹ
ǡ
ɬǣĵȻԣҲԣҲʱԨһѡ
ǲС̫ʼǽµǵԪ񣬹ϵֹǣٴδߴӳ೾죡
ã
ûиͷСа硢̫˸˼Ŀռ䣬ն̨һȦȦϼУֱӵִԴѪ½
ն̨͸Ѫɫڣǿòԫϱڵ磬˲Ż



ڶǧʮ ·Ĳ
ն̨˪˴ԴѪ½Ԩԭء
ȻԼ֮صȱڣֹڰ͸ӡ
ǵŹѪ⣬ٴαֲܣϯѪǿ
ȫڵѿڣȻֳӨĹ󣬲ͷųӡڵģڶıء

ӿŨͻȻĺӿ룬㼯
̴ЦĺڰԴ飬ѿڣķھۼźܣɱ
͸ıΪ̵ľ޸ӨڵĲϡ
Ԩڣб˪ĺѪҲԴһЩ޺ǻȺẮضܱı
Դռϵıأͨ˪ѪЩޣЩǻȺѪʵҲջһЩ
ĺȻûôȻ˪̡
Դ鸽˪Լ˪һӨⳤʱΪļ˪İΣһֱڽš
ڴ˹У˲ټأ仯һ֡
ӳ೾򡣬˪ˣȫն̨ԴѪ½ѪɫеԺ󣬱ԡ
˪ͼԴ飬ûɵ飬ٴη
ͻȻתŰ泯޾ĺڰ
͸ž죬ֳ˵սȻԤڡ
̴ЦĺڰԴ飬ڳ˵Ĺ£Ȼȴ
ڳ˵ͷһֻɫ񣬶˾һƬŻǵİɢű
˻ĵأת˻;綾
յͨƬİγĳѨһ
ȻѪɱɫ񣬶ûһ˿ӿ֡
ǿվȺв
ν
ĵͨ츳
ֻҪܽ𣬽Ѫת
̬ʲôȼĶֻ֣ҪһڣͨͨطƷѨӵȼ
Ǽ󣬻Ǽǧսŷ
ǲĺ
ĺʳľޣĻ綾ս
Իޣ֮綾Իߡ
״̬൱ھԼĺ··
ҪսⷽڰأûĿܣƴ
ΪԨƴ
ԨжڵİΣ

ڳͷɫ񣬻ɵŵ档
¶ø̴Цĵkɵѣڰľ̨òk
šڰ֮ǡģ̴ЦţһƬڰĻ֮
ϧԼٸԼ·ĲŮʣչֵkЩͷۡ
ԨҲȻʶڶȺУܹȵǰȻеġ
Ϊĺ츳սϰΪԼһ·
Ǿܵתһϣ磬Ϩ
ҲΪˣʧȥ˾սףʧȥƴ
⣬ǱܣʵԶܾ֡
ŵսݣ֮
ϾĿܣΪԼ׼ģǹҲͷųȫתΪս
ôŵս˭ʤ˭ϡ
ͻȻһ
ͷ۷ĳˣЩѨĻİҲŸ̴ЦĺڰԴȥ
̴Ц쾫ģֱڰԴϴӵġڰ֮족ֹ͸
Ӿ綾һشػǺҲǡڰ֮족ţ˲ٸʴĿ
ħ̴Ц죬Ǻֵɵš
ħƷʣƺԵ˿̵ĲŮʣס;綾ɢ
ȥ
ڰԴ齹һָ
ڰ֮족ĻԨĺڰ̨棬͵֮طȥ
kֵŮʡ
kҲ֪ʵԴԨ̳ĺڰ̨棬ǸʺϵkС
ֻǴﱻԴԺѪһش꣬˶Ӧkĺڰ飬Ϊһʵ硣
һ磬ڰԴ鵣ͷȻš
ڰԴ黹Ҫǻֻ뿪մȾ˳ɢ𡢾綾ĺڰ
ʱԨԷһ㣬ΪŮʾȻֵռϷ硣
һˡ
ںڰУڰ򣬸ȫһġ
ΪԼı
۾߼ȻӦ
ֻҪͬһάȣʹⷽڰأıȻŽܵϵ
ͱ֮ǰģȱʧǲѸ٣ٿһͨ˲ˡ
֪˱ľı֮Ҳ֪ڰʲô
ɻ󣬾ȵ졣
Ȼûֹ
ڰ£Ԩüĵġֻۡء˶ӣһš
վڡءһǵĵkڳʼ𾪹硰ءѸٵƽˡ
kȻûвָ档
kûжǽͷſꡢŤѪȡ
kһž޴ӣԨġ̳ա
ƽⲻˣѪ֮УЩѪء
Ԩ
ءе䶯Ѫ⣬ڶӣ·һȥ硣
ͷһԴѪڹۼ
һԴѪ֮ĸˣУѪĲ򣬶ɢѪ֮УЩڣ
֮ԨԴ꣬ȻƿšءȻѪڳɵkԴѪ
k֪µһѪ˽⣬kȴûôǿ
kû취ԵkƿصءеģһԴѪ󣬷ҵѪϣӶ仯kһ֡
ȷʵû򡣡
kƽس˴¡



ڶǧʮ һ۵ħ
ڰеkԨΪ𡱵壬šءı̨档
ռǧĶġءž͵ѪɫѪӶɣ̲Ŵ棬дֲ
kͷ·ǻУԭǿ֣впܻĻ档
ԣҲŻὫϣϡ
ķͷԨӣɫƽȻȻ
ԨЩȡ
k΢ֵ̩̹ĳ֣ͷԨ̽ҿϣȻһ磬ҲԵԴѪֻҪõԴѪС
ҾڴԴѪĻϣڵ壬һһؽ͸
kЦ
ں֮ڲǾ٣еĸ򣬶Ѫ֪ӡһݽȥ
Ǵ㽫ءݣ䶪º֮ģԺ֮ڵѪУѪѪС
ȻˣִЩûܵõͬΪԴѪԴģȻĽǸԴѪߵĸԶ
Ҷ֪ⷽ࣬ܿհ׵زѪУӡǵ
ΪѾõԴλԴѪ¡ң㻹ԴͷԴͷӵŻĽԴѪĲѪ֮С
ȴص˺֮ģӦþأķʱ͸аء
ڲˡ
k˼ؿԨԨüеġֻۡҫšءѪ⡣
䶯ѪУһ˶ӣڲϵʧ
ʧӣԨġ̳ǲԴѪ̨档
Ϊ˸ѡ񡣡
kԨ·ģʹգûвȡĴʩûԨж
ش֮ģҲҪʱ͸ʱ䡣Ȼ̳ܹգܹ
kͣ٣ǺһЦ
ȥʵҲһģһʡȴ˹򡣡
Ͼ
kĿ⣬ͣԨüģ·𿴵Ԩ㡰̳Ͼ̳ҵġҸ㣬һʱľҵġ
õģģܵһУҵʶٺ󣬱㶼ҵˡ
kȻЦkôš
˺ݵԴԺϣkΨһռ
kԨŬѲ˵k
Ԩ߽𡱵Ĺ֮kʱԴǵҲkõ
Ԩĵk˺ݵԴͬ࣬õԴǵУ򣬲ܹԴһա
ǣһԲĵkʺϵkˡ
̹˹ԨֻҪܳصkܹӵkս˺ħһſܲ˵k
ֵɣ̴ЦǿkҲҪʱ塣
ֻЩ̫ǳز˵kҲӲ˵kʵսڵkչʱ걬

ڰ̨ھӣӺͰ򣬷ɻ˴֮أֳаʥĵط
ھʧص֮صĵصףȥڰԴŵĵط
ֻ֮Щ鷳
̴ЦĺڰԴ飬ڲŮʵ׷УҲ˵kԨ֮ء
Ԩıеkһ̴ЦĺڰԴ顣
Ҳˣɢͻһֻɫ
·гֳͷ۵ĳ˷ࡣ
µĺڰΡķ࣬ݷֱɢݵϢΪ;綾·ִߡ
ڵľѪУ⣬ûһ
͵ķǷУԵĴڣݣܵá
״̬ĳˣϾԼȴһ顣
ڵ壬ƺɱҪݻܴݻٵһС
ĳ˺ǿҲΪ¡
Ͻأӯ޾ĺڰҵĻܡ㸽̴ЦʮһмԴ飬㲻ɱֻ񡣡
kûڰԴ˵ʲô˲Ծ֣Ӧġѵʲôڡ
kͫвͬɫĹâţڣϣ̡
kԭʼĻ֮kԵԴطkڸԴǰڵk˫ڽ֡
kԴ˶̴ЦʶԴȥ̴Цꡣ
kƼһĻ档
һĻ棬̴ЦӺݽȥ֮ǰ
صǰ̴Ц죬аʥǰͣһ£ǳģ̴Ц쿴˴ħ񱴶̹˹
ڵı̹˹ħնľȻ쳣
ɾһĻ棬̴Цڣȴ֮
һĻ棬綨Ϊһ磬һֱҫ̴Цľ
̴Ц֮ʱԵkԹԹȥ֮ǰһֱľǱ̹˹״Ρ
ڴ뱴̹˹ʱԺеһĻ棬
һĻ棬ǸۿնľȻı̹˹ʼĬĬӰ̴Ц죬ڰ̴Цҡ
̴Цִﴴ֮أڰԴ鸽ʱʵڰĺڰѨϡ
̴Цһûĺڰ֮С
ĺڰԴ飬Ȼˣȡ̴Цƿӣȴڽٵʱ򣬾ûܵõ̴Ц졣
ڰԴԼû쵽̴Ц죬ʵ߱ʮһ
֮棬
̹˹ΪԴĴˣһλɾ͵ʮһʱսǾϵǿ
Ԩûѣûʮһû̳ǰ̹˹Դʵͳߡ
Ǳ̹˹ԨУаʥѹţԬ붼֡
̹˹ĵߣݵԴûλ̳ǰаʥı̹˹Ҫػ߼аʥеаס
ı̹˹ʧȥԼĸԴλҹȾ֮£̴Цһѡ
Ҳİ̴Цܷңһ
̴ЦĺڰԴ飬λڰȫսŮʱȵģҪkȥ
kòٴθ߿̹˹һۡ

ڴ˿̡
ԨüѪɫ⾧Ө̨棬ʶ
ġ̳УѪǲ̨У࣬ûܹӡ
ЩȺǣ˸Ѫҫ۵Ĺâء
Ժڰ·һѾ磬һλԴѪ
һλԴѪȻĽԴλԴѪ̽ĸԶ
ûоѳУѾˣҲʧˡ
̽غͷܻѪ֮Ǳڡء䶯ѪС
еѪУҪѪţܳò
䶯ž޴Ѫ⣬ǱǴڵ֡
ӵ뿪ŴڡءѪ⣬ذ״̬ûпֲ𵴡



ڶǧʮһ ⾪ϲ
Ѫⲻ䶯
п񱩣ңŤѪͷţȥӰѪǿߡ
ءеľ޴Ѫ⣬ֻʣ°ƵѪû˱档
ԨоѪͷ̲صѪֱԲȡ
Ѫ⣬γɵԭҺаٹɣŪ١һٸѪ
Ľ֮Ԭ룬ҲֻΪߣţɽԳͽݻһԭҺγɡ
ԨȣֹڳµҪŹŹֵѪ⡣
ָоܹѪ⣬仯֮Դӵľ¡
ܡ
ܣܿȫµأ
Ҫ
kĿ⣬ͻȻ̴ЦջأҲע⵽˴ڵѪ⣬kҡҡͷ΢ЦɲУҿд;ġ
Ҫ̳İأЩĥ͸
һѰ̳ǿԿס

kȻһЦݳɫȻջ񡣡
ԨҲͻ
ͷ߷·𴩹޾ĺڰԼǾ
ǸߴΡԿıס˰ͺڰȱڡ
ϣɭ׺ӶԴѪ½ļϢչ˽ĺ
ͣ
һӨļĵ磬ĺ󱳣ıӡ֡
Уĺ󱳻ӱУĺ󱳳һ½鲼ɭȻļ
һƺڰСأԨȻγɣɬĺ壬Űɭ亮ܣγ䡣
ԨΪ徧ѩƮ㣬бͼ֮γɡ

·ԨڲĺУһЩͱ˪ͺޣص˸ųΡ
һööָͷСģ̲Ϣӣ
ٵӣ󱳵䣬ȻȻؼˣҪչֳҪ󱳵ǷСء
ǣʺϱڵ磬ܻɱ䡣

ŨĺѸٵ̽ᾧұ
ԴѪ½ǹɼƺҲΪ֮ȸԾ̾û뵽Ԩ壬չļҲܹ£
ңȻȼ˪Ҫ죡
û뵽ԨչıӨСأֱԨڣӵ
ڿ磡
û뵽Ԩ񣬱Ĳ
ڲش˽ԴѪУԴͷְĽԴѪС
ʵȵ̩̹Ϊڡ
ԴѪͼȻˣʹԨڲмյ˫̫ϵ
Ԩһ޴ıңͷע뺮򣬾ܵЧ

ڰԴ鸽̴Ц죬⾧˺ѵȱڣѸٵϡ
⻹˾ġ
˾ǣԨʶУǲѪɫ⾧̨£ƺһµıӨ̨棬ɵĺɡ
µģΪԴƿصĺأӡԨ񱳲ʱҲԨıɡ
ԡ̳ȥڣȥ򣬾γµ̨档
Ȿ조̳ĳԣ̳ڳʱΪ˾ۼؼ䣬ЩԴǵУԴԿǡ


ԴѪ½룬ͻ纮ӿ룬ԽѪɫں˳ƹע˪
Ժ󣬼˪Ǿڲص壬ֱѪɫڵŨѪٱĺ𻵣ȹ̣ûʲôˡ
˪ͻȻһ
صԴѪļԴ飬ܶϲ
ͼӴôãĸоϣԶǱʶûй̫
ڵļԴ飬üķ
һյ˼Դ鴫ѶϢ
ԴԨĺ󱳣һС͡
Сأǿ󣬻ΪǸѩعȡ
һǧ飬Ϊ͹޵ı硣
ĽͻƣҪǸֳ֣ҪǸ׳
Ϊѩӹ׼


ڰеĵkȻָԨġ
ָԼҵġ
ԨȻ
ڵkĿУԼԼĴġ̳ǵk֮
Լ͵ġ̳̲ŵԽ࣬ռԴԽḻγɵĲԽߣkҲԽǿ
kפʱkȫ̽գԴӸǿ
ǹɼΪƴȱڣĺ帳㡣ܺãұһ̨
һع˵غ벻˴˷ء
kڿЦ
Ԩkⷬ˼ԥܾ¶ڵkƿС
㡭
Ȼ䣬kֿ˲Ůʡ
Ϊk֪ˣԨԺµ̨γɣkڴγɣԸԨʱͿռ䡣
ҲЩ档
kŲŮʡ
һ·׷ĲŮʣkĿkԨĹ֮ôһ㯲⡣
ǰԨ
һϿգһֵľ޴ӣԨƺڶ״̬
ȻһԾ
ûֱ̫ãΪ̴ָЦĺڰԴ飬˵kǰ֪һԨˡ
ٽ⡣
kŲŮʣ˵ͷ
kЦ̴Ц죬kһָͷ̴Цüġ
̴Ц족˿ɵkʩҲ֪ʲôΡ
˺ڰ𣬾Ȼûܵסֻ֮нĺڰԴ飬ܵһΪĶ
k̫Լı֡



ڶǧʮ ǿĴħ
ݣ
һΪϸŵk֮µĵ⣬뵽̴Цʶ
̴ЦŹ
ԲѨϣͥٻᣬͨ죬ȵѨϣһҫģһ䰵ұöʱҫ
̴ЦѨأÿһ깣ÿһƲԾͷʶkԺĹյһš
kǿk˼̴̼ЦԲ
֪δ֪ģѾٵģûбٵѨϿռ䡣
ڵkлչ֡
֫ٺѨϣkָƣολ
Щܹȥ٣ܹʶͷפѨϣǵkǻ۵Ľᾧ
嶼ǵkɣ͵kӦȻ֮أkȻȫ֪ȫ
ԵkѰ̴ЦԺ̽ÿһѨʱܿ˷֡
ҵˡ
̴ЦѨͷСڣֳ˴ħ񱴶̹˹һħꡣ
̴Ц֮ǰֻǺһۣб̹˹һħ̴ܹ꣬ЦĸӦԺռ䡣
ħƫƧģµѨƯţǱĬӰ̴Ц졣
ұ̹˹ħ̴꣬ЦԺѨռ䣬Ȼɫɫ
̹˹ɫħ꣬Ӱ죬εأŵkĵ
kΪǧ֮󣬵kΪԨݺͣkǻ֮Ļߵռ˰
ħԴͷ
ŵkĵ̹˹֪עˣħ̹ȻˣֵĲŵkһ
̴ЦѨڵ磬ħЦҼݡ
⡣
kԨ󣬻ĹӰҲѨռ䣬ű̹˹һɫħꡣ
ҵǸͬڣǵһһʳԺ㣬Ȼûڸɾ
kе˿Σkʹħ񱴶̹˹
ȻڵkĿ£̹˹ɫħ꣬ȴڽڻ
Ǳҵˣ
ֻܷǧı̹˹ѵرҵģһɫħ꣬ˬʺЦ
֪λϣλɹѰӲ˵ġ
ˡ
Һܺ棬Ϊʲôܱһԡ
kħʱԿһñ̹˹ħʱŻ
ڶԴ̹˹ʱkûԴɪ˹ֱӲȡѻ
kȻ
Ϊ̹˹̫⣬ǳԨֵ⣬ڵk£ܱһҵࡣ
ֵͬɣ̹˹ǵһߣҲԨС̳ʮһ
ô̹˹ڶԿkʱѳ̶ȶҪԶԶ߹Ԩֵɡ
̹˹ӦױkӰȾ͸ͶϵǸˡ
kУk˸ӵ˼룬Եkʱ౾òӵĶ
k豴̹˹һֽصĶǴֱأֱӽѻꡣ
ܹõk̸䣬䷨߲̹࣬˹һλ
壬䱣һ˿ԣħ꼫Ϊ΢ı̹˹Եkûв
һ뵽аʥı̹˹սȫ٣Ӷɥʧңȫȫطӵkk̹˹ԺĽвȤ
㣬ƺ̫һ
̹˹ͻȻ
ɫħ̬꣬ΪԨǸk
ɻ˵ħȺѡҵǸӲ˺ҽôı䣬ôĸ߸ϣֻ֡
ħ˵˵űסˡ
̹˹˷Ǹk¶΢Цʾ˵
ҲǱ̹˹ģǰ֪֣ͬѪ飬һָûеķǻ塣
㲻һеԴ鶼һ֡
̹˹ҡͷ
ʳӭɱ䡣
ԴһվҪʧħ꣬ûʲô
k̹ϵ˵һֱԨ˵ֻһҿţӵѪʵСҳʱǹǿҿҵõ
˵ûҺͱԴ鲻һԼС
һ޶
kԵЦš
ԨȻҳ㣿
̹˹Ȼô˼飬ЦҲֻǺ
ħߴЦ߲ϵҡͷҰԣǰ붼룡
ЦͻȻֹס
̹˹ħ꣬ԻһʵʲôҲû
ϰ̬Լ˲侲Ĭ
ҴûҲȥҵĳڡĿУϵ飬غȺǿʢĴڣֻǾ̷ܹңȥ
̹˹Щ㱡
֪䣬ħѱüΪƮã·һɢˡ
ħڵٶȣȻ仺ˣɲûֹͣ
ħҪɢˣԺħҲЩ϶ûôᡣ
㻹ûشҵ⡣
kɫ΢䣬Ϊ̹˹ı֣õkԨΪԨ֮ʱһδΥ淴kպ͵kƽƽĲ¡
kԴǸͬ࣬ĿǳԽkġ
kЩʹ졣
ܼ򵥰
ûᷢʳӶһֵ¡
ܱһԣΪնʱڵԨңʱԨڿҲʱѾˡ
֮Ԩôһɹˡ
ͼңҲҡңʲôķѵߡ
ԣܹһԣΪҵǸΪӦԱʳǸ
̹˹ȻһЦ
ֻӦӮˣҲᱻḽ壬ܱҡû뵽ʳԵԴں壬Ұˣֻôһԡ
Ҳֻܣһ΢飬Ӱһľ档
̹˹ƺеź
˵ⷬԺһħ꣬Ҳͳɢˡ



ڶǧʮ ʵԨ
ݣаʥ
һīɫʯУػĬĬעſڣħ񱴶̹˹ħꡣ
߸Ŀףۿλãһֱɫħ
ħĵ磬籴̹˹֮⣬ʱէһ
ĵ绹ڣζŴħ񱴶̹˹Ȼһ˿ԡ
ػ߰塣
ôãλڴ˷Ĵħĵ߶ڣΪλһˣ̹˹Ȼܹͦڡ
ǷǷ

Ȼӿŵħڣһ˿֮ˡ
ػϰԵصȺ
һȣȴ˺ܾá
ûµ֮⣬ڱ̹˹֣ħ꣬Ҳˡ
Ϊ̬ػߣĬãȺһӡ
ʼδµ֮⣬ĵէ֡
֪̹ĵĵֿʱȾѱλȫȫĨ
ڽˡ
аȥľ׵ãźأ̾Ϣ
㻹ǲ̷Ԩ֮˲֮ĺ㲻ҡػ߸пѡ
ԨڶаΧ̹˹аʥҲֻסħ
ΪǶ֣֪̹˹Ŀºǿ֪ûԴĳ̹˹»Դ
̹˹ûԣͻȻеģЩź
ػ֪λԵkȾŤ̹˹۸ĨһЩӡǡ
˷ǿĴħûܳŵ
Ѿע
ȱ̹˹߳ãͲλµһԱҲܳλٵ
ϧˡ

ڰԨ
k̴ЦµѨռ䣬k־롣
̴ЦԺkűе̴ЦԪ
̴ЦԪʱһصĵãʱΪһöڵĹ
ǺڰԴеĿҲ̴Цִ룬˿չڵkǰ
ˡ
k̴Ц죬ǲϱŵԪ˵ôһ仰
䣡
б̴ЦյѨϣħھอk仰һһ֣ŷһɳĺڰơ
һźڰУ̴Цͷ£֡
ѨϵţûŴ˷صĺڰ֫ٺս˲һ¸߶ȡ
ڰԴ־̴ЦԪ֮УǴĺڰãܵȫµ
ͻȻŷȸո̴Цأࡣ
k̴Ц϶ȣkԺڰƿҲ֮ࡣ
ϣ㣬ҪԨЩһһ
ڰԴ
kĵɢ̴ЦԲѨϣһЩոճڣ̴Ц췴顣
kƿ̴Ц졣
Ҳǵkͳ̴ЦԺ󣬵һԵkʶ١
kڸӵһλӦkԵkڰʮһһᡣ
ҪӦӵе
k̴Ц壬ۣ¿Ůʡ
kźǳŸйԴ
kĿɫǻҰ׵֮𣬻֮⣬ڵkε£kĺڰȻ
kϽڵĺڰ·ͻȻʶֻξŻֵ
kֻɫ񣬿ͷ۵취࣬ǴͷڣͷųйԴѸʧ
س˵ҲںڰУڰԭΡ
˻Ϊ̬ŹžɼɫۣͲëͼƣչͼڡ
ɫٱڣʶԺڰϮ
Ļǣһ׹䵽ڰ
Ŷԡ
kջĿ⣬Լ̴ֻ֣Ц͵kϺںϡ
k֮δkĺڰ֮ͻϯδ
ԱȱڵԨԼҪԼ£ȱڣkûк£ǰɵ
kʾ
ء
Դ΢Цҡͷ
kʱ֡
뿴Ԩ֮Ժٶһ㺮̨档
ԴڽͣЦ˵ǲ㺮̨γɣҵʶפԨ֮壬Ą̊́ҵı
ڰԴʱȻ㲻ٸ档
Ԩ֮ʶڣǲԴѪ͵̨棬ƵԴͻĽϡңԨ֮ȥĽأԴҲͳһ
kk뷨
kָ޾ĺڰŸʵĽľ˵ҳ䡣
kܣkԳ档
k仰һεصĽľнľеԴ飬ڽеһͬ·ĺڰ䡣
ܿʧԨҰ
Ҫһͷġ
k˵ǸѡԺ󣬱ҪСӣ̫ˡûнǰҲڰʹΪҵ治֪
ԨУʵһЩͷҪǣٻʱǲ߳
kνĳΣǽľԴ飬Ľںڰĸ·
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Ԩı̳Уڶӵ̨棬һЩģĻ档
ڵkԨ
·ĺڰƯڶӴʬ
ǹȻǳԽǿվޣҳ౶Ӵ飬ǲ֪˶ꡣ
ǵʬǳƬӣǿſء
ǵ࣬อˡ
ƤҺ͹УȻҲûѪ⡣
อѪ⣡
ԨͷһͻȻЩëȻ
תһ룬ЩǿվӴ󣬿һԴѪĹȺȱʧอѪ⣬ѹۺһ
ǡءеѪ⣡
ͣ
мűյ̳ӣ·Ԩ磬Щʬʱƺ͵شˡ
ʲôʲôŲ



ڶǧʮ 

Ԩǻλͻһشؾ޴ѪӰ֡
ѪӰ߱κûѪأ·ֻѪ֮ͶӰ
Ԩɻأͷǻ
̳֮еѪɫ̨ӦΪͷͻȻûԾƺʲô
ǣЩӵͶӰǻ
Ԩһָо
ҪǼӵľ£ġ̳Ҫܸ
ѪӰǻҪеѪ֮¡
Ҳڴ˿̡
̳ͨԨµ磬Ҳͬʱˡ
೬޵ĴʬǳصƬΪһ壬νԨ
ƣʱ顣
֪˶꣬ǳƬΪһʬ·һݼء
ѪʯڸǣǺӣȻһѶʬǣƯڻ磬ʽ
Ҳ֪
һޱȷٵһԴ硢Ľȼ磬ǿ磬ôţ
нľڻ³Ƿص縡֡
޵磬ǺڰһƬٱĺڰû
Ԩı壬񣬶ܸ֪Ǹռ䣬ûڣʶû͸
ܿ
˹Դµ飬籦ʯ񾧰㣬İԡ
ϼ죬Ѥòʺ㾲ֹ̲ž춯ص
ԭޱ߹ĺڰû³ףû硣
ѱ磬֣ЩǺǳƬںϵأоĵúͳǱлȥĹϹȡ
ȻҲߵǻȺڴˡ
ϧȫˡ
ͻȻֽľ䵽ǸԺƺСࡣ
ľҲһĹľ֦Ҷïʢۡ
ǱЩǳƬںϵģֻʣ¿ݹǺƤȻԭյĽľԵòڳڡ
ľͻȻӴ
֮أ
Ԩͬʱһ뵽˴֮ء
ʵԨƯĴ֮أ·ЩʬںϵĴһ֡
֮Ҳһͷޣʬغǳǡ
Ԩڵһ뿪ڰʱֵĸܣȻġ
֮һͷ޴飬Ѫ⣬ǿףֻ˶ѡ
ôأ
һˣԨԺһ㱡
ܹ·ġۡ·ĶͻȻʧȥˡ
֮λվڡءıأЦЦ
һ۾͹ˣҪǿ̫࣬Ķ͸ˡ
ԨԴָԤ̽ӣϸ顣

ʶ̳Ѫɫ⾧µı棬ܲţһĺ磬类ڱС
ڣ޴ӵѪӰ·ᵽһγɡ
ǼѪӰǻ󱳵ұСضȥ
ѪӰˣһȫµγɣԷ
ЩѪӰûбԨ͸֪⣬ͻȻɢ񱩡ŤҡϢǸεСء
Ƿ·ҪԴ˸ԴչǵĴڣǵ֫帴ԭ

һѪӰȡԨѪܣѸٵ׳
ѪӰڷɴţһˣǸԨγɵıء
ѪӰ룬㿦һ
ıСأزĴڣ޷ṩӲرŵı顣
ѪӰӿѪܣѵѪҺˮѪԨɢݡ
Ԩȱڵ֮Ҳһǰһ塣
ôһ壬Ӱ룬ӳ嵽˺ڰС
ȱڻһ죬Ȼûȫϣȴ
ںУȵٴȱڡ
ն̨
͵ԴѪ½ն̨ĺ˲Ƶ뿪λó֡
ն̨һһȱڶţúڰ͸
꣡
һұԨСըѿ
ӡСصļӡһݣԨġ̳
ұ类ڣããİ
ƾʧ
Ԩıʶȴкӿ֣мš̳ע룬һ㺮̨γɡ
Ԩ˵kһۡ
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Ϊkִƴ˷磬޴ڵĻеұ
ҲǱkԼں
㲻лң˵һġ
ʶڣһ㼫̨棬ҽԣһǿ
kˮ˵ţkԨͼ
·޿ɸĵʵ˭Ҳ޷ֹµʵ֡
ˡ
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kվġءӺڰеգǸӴĴ֮س䡣
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޿ӣ·ͷǳڣȫǵĴ֮ڣ
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аʥ뿪ԺͿ
ء֮ʣԨָоǡء͸ϣǴȱʧĶ
Ȼǿ࣡
䣬ԨԽãаʥľ޿ӣȫȫǶԵȵġ
͸ϷǾ޿ӾڣڵȺĻع顣
㽫Щӳ˳ȥܺãĺܺáܸҾϲһδξ̾ĳɾ͡
Щģҵ򣬻Ѫ𲻵á
ڲһˡ
Ժ󣬾ֻһѪû߰ԡ
ȱˡ
kһ㡣



ڶǧʮ 
ԴѪ½
һż⾧һСء
⾧ʵʻۿɼ
ֻҪƫͨɼܴѪߣִܵ˵أڶ⾧ǰܸ꣬УܹʮѪ
ǧԴ粻֪ٺԵޣսʿ˸
Ǽһ֣ǷĻ֣ԴѪ̵ϣõĴħ񱴶̹˹ħ㡣
ػѪ֮Сأһ죬ޱȹۡ
һѪ֮磬еѪɫٲӸ߿д䡣
Ѫɫٲ羲ֹϸѪɫ磬ʱ䡢ռš
Ѫɫٲ·С룬ȴдСȵѪϪγɡ
ĴѪ𴼺ζС磬ƺѪ𻯳ɡ
һѪ縡ƼƮţ
ϪӵԴܻѪУɺ磬Ϫд󲻶
ԴѪԻǻ۵ŨѺͽ֮ء
Щ촹ѪٲǾֹڷ֤µ棬ء
ѪٲӡУѪӣϪѪء
ЩԴѪ
ͣ
˷Ѫɫأػ˲֪ͷļ⾧У˿˿ĵγɡ
Ǽʶ֡

´Ѫɫٲڣг磬Ӿֹ״̬ɶ
ԴѪڽ
ѯԴѪΪԨĺ󱳣ͻȻðһŲ֪ӡ
Ӿ£ѪܣӣʱĨ
ӻѪӰѪܣǸıأֱӴݻǸ硣
ˮһա
۵չıǸĻʧ
ԨͻȻðģǲ֪ӣ֪ͷ
ҪԴѪŪࡣ
ԴѪǳڲȥӦԨȥ鿴״̬
ԴѪܿͿˣİҾ޴ѪӰԨС
ЩѪӰӦԨġ̳̲һЩģޱµѪС
̩̹ͨռԨȺӣȫһġ
ЩΪ޴ӣԨȺϾͲͬ
ԴѪǣԨ̳ӣԨڣҲмͶӰ
ƫƫΪԨĵߣԨе֪飡
ʱԨͨѪ飬ܵһʱջ񣬽ѪӡԼ
ԨɱĻĽǿߣɱһѪڣͻжӦӣЩѪг֡
ھȻ⡣
ĸоУԨòɿأܽܡ
ԨջУɱĺѪصİȻڷӦʱͲˡ
ͨԨ񣬺ȻһĻ档
վڡءǸkءһޱӴ½س䣬ǳڵѪţųԽ޾Ѫ⾫ܣ
ǿӴ½أСء³ֲԤС
ƺһǡء䣬ǿӴ½أ½ؾܻܴ޾ĺڰ߳
ӶɱԴܷԴͻĽϣĽҲ¾ո
ԴѪ֪Ǹkںڰо߱Ҳ֪еkͺڰԴڣֹ
ǡ
ԴѪأԨ񷢳
١
Ϊ߼ԴϣܹʶԽ٣Ԩ̳Ժ󣬾;߱˶Կ
뽵ԨҪȵõԨȻʵ֡
идͷ뵽İ취ʶԨʮһƿǾ𼶱壬ԳԽֹ̩̹ءĳ䡣
ϵԨͬ⣬ߵĺһ
Ԩ񣬱ն̨
ԨıҲͬʵʱأ֪٣ϣ־٣Ťתڵľ档
ֹǡء뵽֮أֹﺡγɵ½ػ

һļ䣬ԨԺءĻ漤һЩ顣
ڰ֮£Ǹѱȥ磬Ĵʬ
·ʵԨģǱǳƬǵģֻʣ¿ݹǵĴ֮ء
֮еӴ飬ԴȾŤʧط֮£Ļ
١
Ԩüͷؿšء½صľ޿ԽԽ䱻ϡ
΢һͷ
һͷģʮһ
ġ̳ټԣٸ͸ԴѪ½Ǹ߼Դ飬ѡſҡ
ಣ
һ־ԻϵѪâصĽޣԴѪ½ն̨
ѤѪâڷԴѪ½ǣ򵫷ǿѪ飬Խͣ͡
ǿߵ࣬һͣ
ЩȫѤõѪâ翴ǵһѪ֮顣

һޱѤõѪâն̨
ն̨ڲء
̫ʼԪ񣬻вܼãȻؿ񷡣
ʱͷſռܣ߲ʰ쵣ʺա
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ԴѪ
̫ʼȷӦ
ԴѪʶն̨ʲôѵն̨ȫµأ
̫ʼľȻֹ
ΪǵĿѪ⣬ֻǽն̨ΪһתվĻû˵ǰʹն̨뿪ˡ



ڶǧʮ һң
ء͹ޱߵĴ½֮䡣
һƬѪɫĻƾճ֡
ˡء½صѪɫĻѪƽ֯ζܱΪӺɽ½ݹľ
ڶڹӵĹȣ类ɣаԴͻĽѪЩŵĹ֡
䣡䣡䣡
һһѪ⣬Ѫɫ򽻻ɣϷءĳصײȥ
ŰٶѪɫɽءܳ䵽ײ
ͣ
ͻأֵѪɫĻУ֮磬ͺɽнɫĳգȺ
ѪɫĻе磬ʷ׳ʣӯ̾Ϊֹ漣
ڰݣڶѪɫУγġԨ춴ŤתŴ˷ܣ۸Ŵ
ʱգأѪɫĻʼշž΢䡣
ԴγʷŵĹ类ʱ򱶣ѪɫĻ֣ܡ
ѪУڴĻıأʹ˷ڰĵײĹײ
꣡¡¡أ
þĺڰ磬ֵָ졣
ĻԻȣɽݺصİԵѣйھʱճӵģһȺеǿ
һĻƽʷϷͨ峤һͷͷ̩̹սľޣѾȺãС
ħʱվˣƺѪɫĻ߿յġءʩӷ
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ڵĲ̲ԴͺڰԴƵУʵԨذ£ѪɫĻеš
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ѪɫĻ֮ϣһԨǴ̤šء
kڡءıأͷԨжӡ
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ԨԴѪĥİأԴͷЯѪչ֡
֮أ·ᵮ磬ܸ
ںδκεĽغؾӰѪļ°ؾ֡
ԴѪԨʮһߺ϶Ϊһ
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ˡ
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һƿҵ֮ҵʶڣҵ¡
ҵڣҪ
һ仰Ԩıͬ˵
վѪɫĻϵԨͷԨԴ꣬·ĹӿΨһܽܵģǽߣֻҵ򡣡
һҡ
ԨָԼؿڣֿ쳤Ц



ڶǧʮ δĳ
Ԩ£ƬѪɫĻĺģն̨
ʹ˷ڰȱڣԴѪһʶԽն̨ǣǼûһ˿϶
ӨĽڣֽ룬ݺڰ͸
Ԩ˿̵ĸޱȡ
ԴѪʶɢ֫ٺ·һ֡
еÿһÿһӣÿһѪ򣬷·ԴѪԶ˲ˡ
֡޾ġԡռ̬չͨ
һ֣ԴѪԴͷִߵĸо
ǵ֮չ֣ףԴ֮Ѫ
ԣԨʶεռԼûбԴѪĽٻûбԴѪĥһ˿һ

λһȦȦѪɫ֮޴ڡ
Ѫɫһ塰̳ģһѪɫ⾧ͶӰ
ǲ̨ԴѪӦԴѪִƵԿ̶ɣӱӳ
Զ֪ԨԴѪ
ǡ̳ĴڣѪɫ⾧̨ڣľ޴ӣԴѪͬȵĴڡ
ƽȵġ

ڲһ쾭Ŵǧ˴Ѫɫ١
ľ̬
ŴǧһѪɽ͡
ŨѪϼУЩѪɽڣƺ̾һͷͷ߳Դľޣиǿ֡
ѨѪɫأ̲ԴԴѪܡ
ЩѪɫأͰеԴѪ½໥ӦҲġ̳Ӧӵз·ȡ֮֮ߵѪܡ
ԴѪ־ĸ壬ԴѪ½еѪ֮أܱܵϵ
ܴȥȡԴѪӿģɹѪܡ
ǱӨĽڣֻǺڰֻմȾڰĻ
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ƿԴ飬Դ黯ԼΪԼġԼս
ԨǽԼ־ƿڸԴ֮ϣ
꣬ǿʱԨȥ̳㻳ҰģҪȥ沢ԴȨ
Ԩĳԣԡ̳Դ飬ԴΪԼá
Ԩûסk͵kֻǶԵȹϵ˫ݡ
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Ԩֱӽͻ˰
ԴѪͼͬˣͷ֯Ľڣ̺ԴѪԵĹâţǻŷС
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ǽǻΪŵѪСأԴ



ڶǧʮ ̳;
Сأ·һѪɫ̫ȽȽ
ɢݵѪ⣬һС磬ѪĳӣһѪɫӣѪâ羧顣
һܣѨ֮У
˿˿Ƶ֮һѨɢݿอĿ֪ΪԶ
֮ǣҳԶδ
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ݣ
ӳ೾Ʋˣһ磬ԴѪ½ն
ԨȱڶסҲءеѪ⣬ûмͷŤ֪Ŀǰǰȫġ

ڰڵأһſźһƬ
Ҳѵ£ҫ类ѡ
ڰ˶ǿսԨĹӣչĹĨ˺ڰ壬ʼģ
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֮ǵĹȨڲУ̼Ⱪǡ
⡭
ǺԨĲ򣬿ͻȻĹȨȣЩκ



ڶǧʮ ̰
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Ԩ̽ģֻ߲Ԩ
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ڴ֮ϷѪɫĻֺ̧صĺڰԨȻЦʹ죡Ӧӵе

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ԴѪʶΪԨ֮ԨڶԷĺڰأȻܹԴꡢڰԴԿ
ԨԨԴΪе̬ȣƽаԴѪΪ⡣
üһĺ͹Ԩıǿ



ڶǧһ ӱ
ӨУƮ죬ĿѪէ֡
ԴѪ½ڲ֪䣬ȻŲƵˡӳ೾ڵء
Ŵ½Ѫɫڣ͸˺ڰıݽӴֻԴѪ½صףˡľ졣
һ𣬳ˣӳ೾̫顢ǿߣȻҲڿ
˶ԴѪ½ͷŵѪܺ𶯡
֪ΪΣѪǳԽԽһŷŴǧ򱶵ࡣ
עѪСصǹܣеظӦкƵѪһֱűĽע롣
֪Ԩ֮ǳڵѪ֮ͺڰеԴ鲩ġ
ݵԴ꣬ڴ֮ı̳ԣ㡭Ӧû°ɣ
˻Ǻܵġ
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أ綼Ϊɫ񷣬أɽѪɫȾ졣
ԹѪܣ硣
Ƕʱ֪ԴѪһʶעԨԺ󣬾ͿʼǳصѪܡ
һߵĺڰսȻΪң


תݵġֻ¯ϷѪɫ˾ӹӿڶ౻ϴӹĻʹﵽ¯ڲ
а¯©Ļȥת

һĸɽƯ¯߿գŴ˽ǿ
ΪһλסĹȣ߸ɣĬrг顢ޫhĹڶĹĹˡ
һαˣֻ
ӵģɢԴġ֮·ڳת
Ϊ壬壬壬Ůˣڴ
Ǳаɱ޵Ļɢǿգħ׳
޵ĻǣħһԴǵתϵС
ЩѪǿ壬аħǵĹ֮£پż˼߼ѪսʿҲӭ˴
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ΪʱڣڶǺӵĲսһ֮·
ڣӿĻֱҪˡ
ÿһ˾ӣ˸ǿսʿĹ꣬кܶĹѡʵҷɽϡ
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Ԩ֮ĬrҲԴУԴܺͻǵĳ棬ԴҪĬrڶ𡣡
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ͳԨ뵽֮ʱԴĲĽݵԴ걻ˣʹǸѽŪġ˲ݡ
еĹУѰһĴˣܹڽ٣ԿλøǿԨа
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ҪһԴѪһȥĽѰµ
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ԴѪɢӣħԨаشҲĴݣԿΪһǹаԴꡣ
Ļ֮أԨݣҲԷĥš
һ˿ʤϣǴӱˡ



ڶǧһһ ڰս

ɭˮע룬Ԩʶӿţŵ̳
һ·Ա̨棬Ѫɫ⾧·ɢ͸ϴ۹
̨ͣԨ
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򼫺̾͵̨棬δĪȹĴ֮ġ
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Цݡ
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νӣǻ۵ĻͨҲ롣
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̴ЦĺڰԴ飬ڵk磬קһѪ֮쾳
Ŀܻиܼ磬ڵѪ໥Ż档
k̴Ц죬ѪҴܣอλС类

̴ЦѨϣǷѪɫ쾳ڣk֪
̴Ц첻ҵҲڵԴѪƬڰ硭ԨЦ˵ҲᱻҵѪû

·ѪɫĻͨԴѪ½޵š
̩ǣԨ߲½أйĴ֮أȫѪɫĻţڶѪ򣬼ѹڰ֮
ڰ޾
ԨͨЩ˶ӣѿڸ·ʵԨѵǳŹ硣
˵ڰԴƿصûô㡣
ϾkҲֻмԴ顣
ȻˣޱѪܳڰأռѹkĵؽ磬kĺڰҲ˵k
Դ֮սͿ˼򵥴ֱ
ն̨šءΪѪɫն̨ʯšء
ԨֿԨԴ꣬΢ЦѪеڶӣȻԲ͸ұ㽫աΪǸԴѪУҪ۰ɣ
𣡡
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ԨЩصӣҲҪϴ١ءеѪ⡣
ΪѪеĺƵͽλȳǿ̫ࡣ
Ľ磬ָܹ
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ԨһǿҸоֻҪܲЩӵİ̺УܼѪе
񣬻Ǳ;
֮Դ꽫봴֮صӰۣܻ·½࣬鴴½ڰֱǿ硣
ڰ
̴ЦԴ飬Ѫɫ˻Х
Ǹ·أkǳΪʵԨ磬һڸǵ򱻵k˶гĹѣͻȻ

ڴѣһڽľ޴սֻʣƤ͹ǵľ޴ţŵĹŵر˳
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ЦУԨʶ̳һδüķɳͷ
߲㡰̳籦֣ɫѪ졢ӨѤõϼâҫڰ硣
Ըʵġ̳һ״Դ֮ϵĶϢ
·̳һʼʱĴȡԴĺͼ־
̳һģӸ߸ϵĮȻ飬ԨͷĺڰŸ̴Цĵk

̳ηڰʡ
Ԩڵĺڰգ޴ڵĺڰ̳ĳ֣Ű˷ɢ
kƿصĺڰΪڰĵkֻؿźڰԶȥ
ƬѪɫĻγԺʱҲʵֲ˵׳١
Ϊ߼ԴԴѪֻѪɫȾڰڰɢ
Ԩٴμġ̳ڰҪⷽڰȾԺ󣬻Ϊkص磬ָԭģ
ⱾǵkأǵkӪǧϽ
kһڰϽһ壬ڰѸٵʧkƿصĺڰ򣬶֧С
Դ飬kһԴ飬Ҳǻġ
kڵĸܣԨġ̳־߱˵ܣٴӵжɱkԴ
kһŨŨĿ־֮顣



ڶǧһ ʹ˱
̨棬kʱ˵
־壬ԭͽп־塣ǰûиоУˡ
Խأkϴͬ״ʱĸܡ
ϴҲԨԨ֮ʱڵǸԨ
һΣkûп־֮飬ûĸܡ
ȴޱ
ಣ
ۿؼĺڰԨʶɳġ̳֮£Ȼб֫ʹkȥءء
kֻ뱣סkԼ
Խѵھ棬ͻȻ˴֮أս䵽·ڰ
̴ЦĵkҲһ޿ӣ»ص֮ء
kѡâ
kһܣⷽڰأںڰģڵk׷ʧ
û˭ֹܹԨ񣬴šء뿪
ںڰ֮£ͷ̳Ԩذͷȥ
һ̣Ƭڰ쾳Ѹĸ֪赲Ұ
߲ԨµĺڰУϷ½أ˸Ӧ
һ½أϷЩԨȺ廯س֡
Ԩһٶʮ߿½أ˿ֻʣһš
֮ĸٻ£ԨЩ½أߺħش飬ȫ˴ħ
Ԩⷬޱ䣬ʣ½صЩԨȺ̻̲ա
·ȻܸܵһֻֿšǣÿһԨԨȺĹȡ
аǷ׷뿪ȴԴƵԨ
ǰͳԨЩȺսʿδ˲ߣɼԨ׳ʱǶֻϡ
ǵУЩһ壬ʵżĲ
ǲҷȥ¶
ڻԹ
ԨϷ߲Ԩ磬Ⱥǿߵ˼УҲͻȻ˶𡱵Դ꣬˿̾ʲôˡ
ǸǰŰ櫣йߡ
Դصλǿߣ˳ǸϣɭŨĹһؽص
ÿ֮·ȡϾֻظ棡
Ԩɫ
ͻȻʶλ˿̵֮Դ磬弫Ӥ
ޣ壬塢Ů塢壬ȵԭҫǿյǻȺΪλ˿̵˿
ԴѪԴǵk˿̵
kȷأԵkеԴԵk壬ѹԴ翹ԴѪԴǣӸѹƴ˽Դ顣
սʿԴѪĵڶǻȺԴѪ
֮·Ĺ걻k룬еԴǣҲ˶ܴ
kkʲôҲ֪k˿̵Ч
еkԵأĻkƾˡ
kȷҵˣߡİ취֪Ժ󣬸ν󻯡
ȵkӿ˸ǿĹ壬Ȼٴ·kսȻ޷ȡ
ħ񱴶̹˹Ҳk£Ҳⷽڰء
뵽⣬Ԩˡ
ףҪս
ʱֱġء֪ѵ˺ıϴ
ûгɣıͨն̨˲Ƶ񣬺ءһ𣬳źȥ
ϣһԴѪ£ΪһŻ
˳ͨС

Ԩ뿪Ժĺڰء
̴ЦĵkԺʶջأǱòƵ̨棬ڴ֮С
Ժ
ħ̴Ц죬ܲھ棬ִӾ޿и֡
Ҳ´Σ
̴ЦѣԼˣƯڰյھ档
ھڣһ֧磬һŷ״ĺڰʶ
Ǵ̴Ц뿪⾧ڵģڰԴһԡ
kھеأһΪѵ˸Уһ߽ظ֪硣
kĬĬظ֪Ԩ̳ʧԺ󣬴˷ڰı仯

·֮رأɢݳŨĺڹҫ
kõkϷ߲磬·ݼŵʵԨȡתΪkϤĺڰȱݺ©
kڱ֯µĺڰ򣬷첹Ԩȥ
Ƭ̺󣬵kǹѵľڣйȥӦ̴Ц죺㣬ҶԨ
־ƿҵҲûܶ
̴Ц쿡ϣһʧʹܡ
ڰı˰ռһԽڴ˷ڰأȻûѹԨ
鶼Уôأ
ŬһӣƴԨѰ´Դ˳Ϊ˺ڰ
ѵԶʤԨ
Լ֣Ƥ·ľ磬·ڰֳڵɫ
ڰԴ鸽չԨĻ棬ԨԴĽ̸˿Ժһӹ
ϸüҺȻ΢
ط֣ΪһڹԪڻӡƱ
Ԫ˵Ĵʹ
æ̻䣬֪ڰԴԨս̳ǿҫһǿϺꡣ
̴Ц˸ͻĵૣԨ
ԨӴ˷ڰǰ߲㡰̳չֳĪܣ·ؼ䣬һַԴ飡
ӡ̳ͷŵԵǺڰԴ飬ڰ硣
̴ЦʶУԨԴȾӡǣƺ޳ࡣ
̴ЦĬĬܣڰ䡣
ɽǰԨԴԲܼԨԴ˺ݵԴ꣬ô̵ľ룬㱻λȾŤꡣ
֮λعԽ֮ģʹħ񱴶̹˹һۡ
֮ͨģ˴֮أٱڰԴ鸽塣
һĻĻ棬һļ䣬Ժзٹһ顣
ħԽԽԽԽ֪Լ˭عʲô
أǲƾ񣬶һ;룬û׽͡η
Ԩ׷ɣġ
ɫĮλûħŲƾڣ״ĺڰһ񣬡лģºڰУҾʹ˱
´˻Ҳȥ



ڶǧһ ħ
ءԨʧĽڣǳһŻѹرգʵıӨء
ʱѪɫн⣬ڱ
ɵıڣ̴Ц֮ǰײƵģԸΪ̡
ħվڱǰȥ̾ɫء
µıϣڲڶิӵУչط򣬱Ϊǿķ֮һ̴ЦƲġ
Ϊǹɼں򣬶ԴѪҲС
̴Цµ뷨Ŀü
̴Ц죬ϣܹȥ

ȭߵ磬·ڱĽ֮ϣֻҲţԽԽӲ
ҲűȾ类¡
磬ϸܵĿռУȭֻ֣Ƥⶼˡ
벻⡣
ߵű磬ûԺڰסȭͷ
ʶ꣬Ҳûصħϼӷ
㣬ߵ˶Ժ֪֮Уһʶ
ǹϤʶʶĬĬؿ
Ϊ֪ԨҲ֪ʲô̴ЦûκηɶԷȥ
ɡ
Ƭ̺󣬴ǱڣԨԾȵ
ڣһƬɺѪɫûѪɫתΪ߲ϼ⡣
·𣬵Ϊ̴Ц쿪һȿռš
ûп׵ȥл̴Ц֣Ϊڰ֮족Ŷûȡڵϼ۴롣
ħһš

ʼգھУ״ĺڰԴ飬ĬĬע̴Ц죬һһ
ڰԴ鿴ȥߵڣȻжȥ
ڰԴ쳣侲ͳĬkûֹҲûȰ˵ûһ͡
ô̴ЦԶ롣
ڵkĿУkһֵĺڰ𣬺͵kͬȸ߶ȵĴڡ
ħ̴Ц죬Ȼk𣬾Ӧκʱ򣬶ԵkϣȻ縺Űk׳ʹ
ڵkҪʱ̴ЦӦùԹԵأԼ
λﵽʮһģkγɵĺڰ𣬵䲻ס
ĺڰԨ㷴ǣô
kܵˣkλͬ鵱ʱĸܡ
Ҳˡ
k̴Цߺ૵
ֹ˺ܾá
Ԩ֮۵Դ磬ˡ֮·Ļȫۼϵλڴ䡣
ԴʱԨı񣬰ءһŲ
ħ̴ЦҲ֪١
kµǣͬĳڣķʽ
k֪ʲôk֪һС
Ԩشߣǻ£ѪõҲ޷
kƵھ棬ͷ״̬ĺڰԴ飬ɫƽ
Ҷ֪Ǹ˶ôĴۣԨԴѪһĳţĻ𣬲Ĩ
͵Щ飬ԴǿվޣԶڻĽ񡣡
Ҳͬλͬࡣ
ԨõѪ⣬ԴԴѪµӣʱ⡣
Ԩݵĵkݲȡ
Ҳ²⣬ԨǸԴѪΪƽⴴصѪ⣬ܶ顣ƩһȥĽ磬ɱǸĽ֮ĽԴѪ
龵еĺڰԴ飬ڵk˵ʱࡣ
ֺڰԴ·ͻȻɨ塣
ԴѪڣѪУӡ̳ǿܸ֮ĥЩ̲ص
ԨԴĻͣ¡
Ĭú󣬲˵㲻صģ̹˹ֿѱҳҵһʶܸħ֮С
ȥΪָĺڰγɵħǣΪ߼ԴԺ󣬻ǻᴦƿС
ΪԴפҲͬסҡ
kԨ𡱵ǲƵ꾵棬һ֮س䡣

һˣȫµĺ
ѪĴ½ɭգԶɢĹ⣬˱б䡣
˶ġءǰͣԴѪ½ⲿûбС
ˣˣ
ءеѪ⣬һߺڰ뵽ԴѪ½ڵĺʱ䶯ŷ
ûп񱩡ŤѪ𵴣û˷
ԨԴѪʵҲڽŵأšءе쳣Ѫ⣬ᵼ˷
䶯ûг̫ãƽϢȥ
Ůʣ磬ǿߣڡءıһɵأųеŹѪ⡣
Ҳ֪ˣǰ˵ģڵĹѪ⡣
Ԩһֱűѷ죬űǹʹ࣬ں
ڣԨôһµĶӺڰд˹
һľ

Ȼ䣬˱ӨУߵҲ̴ЦĿ
ǾµĿ⣬ʱԨϡ
ȥһ¡
ԨԱ˼Ӳıұڣ
Ƭ̺Ԩ·ȷ֤ʲôȻԴѪͨţħ̴ЦǼµĺڰ쾳
̴ЦһȻէĹ⣬ȵ𣿡
ͣ
ͻ֮ҪҪ̴ЦԺ
Ƹǣ־
˿̲Ǻڰ쾳ں򣬺ڰԴ齵̴ЦԺҲռƣδؾǰܡ
̴Ц졣
Ԩͣʾ侲Ҫżս
ڶĿ£ħɫ糣Ȼ˵ҪôұˣԨҹ
ҲǺڰĿܡ
üЩԨԨΪνһôǷڰ
ͬģļ˪Ҳؿħ



ڶǧһ 
ûЯκκڰ챦̴Ц죬̤˼ԺһĿȻһЦ
Ԩɲǡ
սûнԨ˷㲻ŮʣҲ̫¡

ߵżȱϣ棺Ǳʵ࣬
ħϸüͷһ壬˵ܵסλ𣿡
˷ıݣǰںڰԴ´ơ
ǺڰԴĴˣҪΪһڰ磬𲽲ʳԴǺӡ
ûˡ˪˵Ŀ⣬ָͷűӨϣԨ˵ڰ͵k֣ӦûƵϵ
仰ɫ
Ԩôʣkǿ״ֻ̬ڸҵı壬дħ񱴶̹˹Ժ󣬵kսִܵ۷塣
ҲڰٴθҡħͻȻ
޳һֻ֣סüģƴеҰԴҲδܵԴȾkҵĺڰȷʵûǡ
̴ЦĿ⣬Ԩϣ̳ƺϴҵ꣬ĨԴĲӡǡ
е㲻̫ȷ׷˹Ҫϸ

Ԩһ
硢̫ߣؼ̴Цֻüĵ֡
ϧʲôҲ
˵뿪ʱͷŵ̳ҫ⣬оԨ
̴Ц컺ͷ

ֻһԪ̫ʼһĲܼȺն̨ɳ
Ҳ̴ЦĻҲЩ
Ƿڰ쾳˿ûȱڣߣԴѪ½Ųƹ
Ϊϣֻл̫ʼͲܼ󣬲Ÿҽطɳ
ԺǻСĸһû쵽λȾ
Էɡ
ҳЩٿ
ԨԱ̴Ц콲̤šءҪԴѪʶ뿪
ݣ
ĿѪâԨǻλԴѪ½
˽ľ룬ԴѪĸӦûǹʶĸ壬ԴѪҲͨĽ
ԴѪʶ뿪ԨܵһƣС
ЩѪأжȣƺһЩ
ۣۣ
һǰӱ塰̳ӳӣĪԾ
ȥӵİͶ˶ӣͷ·ิӵѪ
ÿһӣѪûƽԿס
ŸʱͶڵҫϼ⣬ȻѪܣľ
еƣۡ
ЩڵѪȫƽʱɶ⿪ļ
ʱ֪͸Щ̲صǲԣֻҪʱ䡣
Ǻܳʱ䡣
᲻Ѫܺͻأӵİء
еŹ֣ʱҪŪԴѪ½ҪӴеѪܡ
ڵ̺ѪɫҲԴѪ½ѪɫʱԨ㽫ն̨Ҳջأšءֹ
ءԴѪ½һ԰ȫľ롣
ġءеŹѪ⣬һܵһԴѪ󣬻ָ˵䡣
оĵǹѪͬСɣԴѪδصס
һꡣ
˵ţջԨʶġ̳ٴٻ
䣡
߲ġ̳ƯԨͷͷųԹ⣬ҫ̴Цʶ

ͻ鷢
̫ʼ
̫ʼڵԪûбԴļӳ֣ʵõġ
̫ʼõԪһЩΪصĻߣԨ߲㡰̳ͷŵĻԹҫ£Ե쳣
Щߣ鲼̫ʼԪ֮УԻ߱֯ᡣ
һۣ͸оЩᣬͽⲻ
ȻԨ̳ҫ£ЩصĻߣԻ߱֯ᣬһţȻҪڵļ
̳Թ⣬ûƽᣬֱ
̫ʼȻܣȵЩߣǶӦڵkӡǣҲǵkʩӰķʽ
붴̴ЦʶԨûϵջ
Ҷһ
̴ЦʶУħԪڵãҡһ䣬Ҳ˼ȾһɫԪ
ɫԪУĻߣࡣ
Ԩ̳ͷŵػâҫ̴Цâ͸˽ȥЩĻ˿ҫҲǳ
ǵkŤ
̴ЦһԨͷġ̳ڼ˵뿪ʱŵ̳ѾһЩΪΪ̳߱Ҳ׷˹
ûǻkӰ
̫ʼ̴Ц֮磬̫飬һҲԨ̳
Ԩǡ̳ͷŵâҲͬЧ
ܿ췢֣Խǿߣ̴Ц졢̫ʼ㣬Ԫ߾Խࡣ
֮Ѫǿ󣬶û޳Ԫߣߺ١
Ҳױ޳
Ĵ̳ܹԨԴʴ̳ǿԴ桰̳Դ굮ˣȾ

ͷġ̳ȫʩ£Ļâ̴ЦڵģЩԨԴصǿ߸ǡ
õ⣬߲㡰̳죬е
磬˪Ѫɾ͵ߣԺġᡱѩڣһ˿ۼ
һɸУǵμ˸ƿˡ
ȻЧ
̫飬졢λҲܸܳԪеһЩӡ̳Ļâڵ
̴Ц׷ȻǶԵġ
ͬܵˣԺӡǣԻ߶ɵᣬҲʧ



ڶǧһ ج
ⲿԴء
Ѫ׳壬جΰ¾
壬ħԨаϵϯ򣬴ɱǻȺ
̶ʱڣǧǧսʿɱǿѪɺӣʬɢĵǣ綼ĩհ֡

Ǻ
ǳƬγɵ캣ԹűĽأ̤롣
˿̣ڶ̬ʯǳƬ䣬Ŵ˵ʬ
ȥЩˣûͫھ񷣬·ǰѰƮϣ֮⡣
˼ƺţδϣںδ
ԴԨ壬ܵԿдħ񱴶̹˹ѹƣҲ֡
ƫƫڵǺӣħһģšΪһɱص׾
ټʮλԨаħɨ죬磬˭ֵܵ
ĽͣƲҲ˻ȥ֣Ŀǰơ
ǿսʿǺڱ׷ѹϣ
ǺصǳƬ˿̾ȾѪսʿΪ׵ĺȻ峤塣
ӢԸȼ͵İ壬˵ؾһѿĴʯ
ֱ۵˿УϱâѪ
߾Ĵ򰾵ǣһѵǳʯһּըѵĸо
Χģе˿˲ѵı³һڰ˼żսʿ
żѪĵ˿ʵɴȹȹǳ׺ͷ貹â
˫ĿʶƮ͸ŨŨıˡ
׽սˣƿصǸҲһƬţ֪¾
ܶȥˣļˣΪǿе䱦
һ·ݣ͸˵һϣ
֪һս߻мˣ֪塭ܷ
˿ҪҲˣһ峤
Ƭ̺󣬵˿ûǹ磬ʱסԺȻվ
аѰˣܸо
ҫҪƴ׹⣬һöʯָǿжڵ˿УȵıأǴ˿ʹ뿪
峤ȥﰡ
λֵ׳żսʿǰ峤ʹغ
ûз򰡣峤ǾҪӣҲҪһɣ
Դĸ򣬶塢ħаݱûһȫĵطܹ塢ħаΧˡ
ǿսʿż˼߼ѪߣڱɱķΧڡ
ΨЩСģûǿߣŲᱻɱ
ȻһЩѪ⣬ʷǷһǾߣҲᱻҳɱ
һпѪȵжǵҲӣǲ֪δӡ
ȥѰǰ·ǽ밵򣡡
仰ͳ󷽵Ƭ֮С
λԨǿаѾѭ˹

ө
İȣΪʮѪĻƽޣ峤
µ
ٸľսʿһ·׷ө
СԨڡһűУ뵽ռһıͼ޸һڡ򺮾밵Կס

һ޳ӰͻȻһض
һƬӰƶ㣬ڴ˷ذͣۿ档
ȣþò
ӰɭںͰ¿һ̷ԨӰа
ͬ壬ӰΪͶˣ˳Ӱа񣬴ӶӮ˻ʸ
Ӱ߹
λ׽޻Ȼ𣬳ɭ鼤ߡ
Ա뺷սޣûΪ;ĩ·ͳǶ־Ȼ
ɭһΪˣû뵽㾹Ȼšˣ¿ȣаҲӦòԶ˰ɣȸп
ںܾúܾǰɭܣҲʱʶԨ
ɭкĽ顣
ȻڣɭǶԷˣ峤
˫С
ҵıûа¿ȣǡϵĴħһЩǿߡɭ̾
ħ
ǿߣ
԰Ϊ׵սʿɭⷬ
ϵĴħǱ̹˹µһλɽͷʢ֪ɱ˶ޡ
˵Щǿĵģ翹Ǳɱġ
Ѱ˹˵û۵ûҪֵʱˡ
ɭĬƬָ̣ԼԴҼǵҵЩԡҾ͵ûмǡ
ȣөҲ㰲ȫˣǳ뿪ɡ
˵ԺӰɭ㻯һƬӰԶȥ
סˡ
û뵽Ӱ忿ӰаӰ˶Ҵɭ飬ðž޴շŹ
һﲻߣȻͨɣ
޲ĵ૵
ΣǶϽ뿪Ѿҵ㹻ıǺ


Ȼ
ŮٱһĿռͨŮأž˳ŷ̺ϸΪڴӪء
Ľ֮ĵǷԴǿʯأѳΪ˷档
ĽɽҲԴ˶뿪
ٱʵǾ֮£ûĳ·ſܷȥĽ硣
ζԴ磬塢ħа粻׷ɱá
թ壬ǿӺˣ
˵ʲôºݣƭȥ˻ȴħа֣Ǻӵ׷ɱǡ
̺ϣһѵŮˣҧгݵʹ塣
ŮУЩǰ壬ö֮ԳƵļһаħҪɺޡ
̺ڵ٣񱻻ٵĵؽ磬ȴ
ıǰʬѪȾǿա
һޣûܼʱϵɽûͨɽĽ硣
һЩʱ䣬ǹԺ³Ǳͨͨɱ⡣
ͽħа񣬻һЩħХ޺룬նɱޡ
ӣ
ٱһƣ֪ŷ̺Ҫߡ
ˣͲҪˡ
ħǱͬΪħʣһͬٱ
Ǳħ֮ᡱĮ˵ҲǷΪٱˣ㲻Ҫǡ



ڶǧһһʮ 

Ԩ߲͸ġ̳գͷųâҫЩǿߡ
磬˪죬صĹᣬѱڡ
ɲ̨ͬġ̳˺˵עĿԴѪͼҲڰ¡
ֻϧԴѪͼҲĥ̳ܡ
߲㡰̳͸ϢͷųͲλԴ飬ôӴڿʼΪ˶Կǡ
̳·ΪɱԴ

Ȼ
Ԩϸִ֪ӡ̳ͷųĻâľȵϢ
ȻãԨԴڵģʵֻ֡
͹
µɭܽǶΪޡ
磬ĿǣʥྻĹԨԴȾЧ
򾫰£ͬâУ䵽·꾫ƣԨԴۼ
ΪԨ֮ʱġ̳㣬ڰľԴꡣ
ڣġ̳߲֮ߡ
Ȼ˺ڰȴԴѪԴǺͺ
Ƕĺ棬͹ûâЧ
ǰ߱ڲӵеһҲ˴ܹ衣
ֻâΪԡ
ԡĨԨԴȾԽЩֱԴŤ˼ߣָΪԼ
ԨʱԡԡȾߣԺλԴ꣬ڽӴԺ󣬻᲻ỹǿܲˡ
֪ǣ㹻Զλĸ֪ΧӦþܱѡ
ͻȻ䣬뵽ֵɣǰӦֵɵ£Ҳʵ֡
ֻҪֵܹЩڵܣǴ뺮ԡԡ䡢½֮ߣĴɣĨkŪᡣ
˼ʱڴĻܡ
ܹ߱ڵǺеϴӾԺתΪ͹
Щע̳Ժ󣬾ЩԴӡķ򣬽ԡͷųˡ
УľȻĻܡ
Ļܣû취ʱڲ䣬ƣήҡ
߲ܿ㡰̳߲㣬ǲ̨棬еɫ䵭
ںڰӿĻܣţҪľĸо
ܵ˸ƣۡ
̳ͷŻâͱˡ
ʱͣ
ôˣ
ħ̴Ц̫ʼһ
ܷѻ
Ԩһ䣬㽫߲ġ̳ջڡ
תͨǺӿ룬ĵѨϣľอա
ڵǺؾϴӣ
ֻҪ߲㡰̳ڣϾܹתΪͱ֮ܳΪԡ
ֻǣĻܣȴ޷ת
ܣΪһĻܼΪѷ
ҪںУϡĻָʱǼΪ
ֻħ䣬޴ΧŵǺӣܲŽΪ档
Ȼ󣬱һ˵޾ڰ쾳
ƬڰĻܣԴκһغǺӣҪǹȥˣǺڰдһӣԻܳӯ̳
̴Ц죬ڰԴûк˵һĻΪ˳棿ؼ䣬ûκν쾳ĪĻܷ档ԨͻȻѯʡ
̴ЦԪΪǿΪʮһĺڰ𣬻вдûбڡ
ںУѾܱҵԡ
ԨȻ̴Ц룬ӦǺڰ·ʵԨ󣬲ĻܡɻܣԴռڰ㱣
ԨͷҲΪȻ
ҲΪ̴Ц˵Ӧþǰصʵ
ǸѪܱռӿţˡءŹѪ⡣
꣬ԼǻͨͨϴԺ󣬱Ϊܣںڰ
k֮ǿ󣬿ҲΪkƿһĻܡ
ܣһҪȥ
Ԩͫأ˺ԴѪ½Ѫɫڼںϵıڣε˵ûһطĻܳ棬Ҫܼܲǵꡣ
̴ЦţΣա
ȥ
ɫһɫkѾع顣˵ˣkϴ֮·ڣеĻkڱøǿˡ
ҾãʵûôżҲҪڶʱڱꡣ
ŮʲԨա
ҲΪðջȥòײŴƬڰһȥˣеkĹ֮иĴħ񱴶̹˹޷˳ӳ೾Ȱ˵
˪˶Ȱ˵
ʱԴѪһʶԨԡ̳֪
ԴѪЩ롰̳ӣڿݼԨԴѪ
ԨԴѪϣƺĽͬǰ档
ƿصУѪڲŵܣҪܳܳʱ⡣
ľǣԨЯءȥһ˻Ľ磬ҲԸԨͬС
ΪҲо
ԴǶγɵǿѸҲӰ
֮·еĹλԺԴҲڱ
Ԩü˽磿
ԴѪͬУζǳһǰĽ硣
ԴѪˣҲȻһôô죿
ǿߣʧȥλԴԺ󣬽ζԿλ
ʣԴѪųĬ
ԨҲĬ֪ⲿԴأǻȺȻ˼ΪѵĴȻԴѪ롣
һǾûϣˣŻ롣
Ҫӣȥܱס١



ڶǧһһʮһ Ȫ

Ľܹôء
ݺ̩˫ǰ㣬ЩΪȪۡУԲͬķʽš
ںݴ磬Ԩеģ񱩶ҵ
̺ݵĵת󣬴ӵطӿԨ
ԽԽŨҡ
ݸطkڵĶı䣬ɽ
Ԩֲڻûŵأκؽأµ챦޽ᡣ
Ǩȥ壬ɵЩǿǣǴ̩ǹǴԨع飬ֿʼںݻ
˿̣ûģԴ½ڵİУһͣ
ҫ»İϸ䣬֮
̷ɽϣüһڱԴע룬ڽķ֮·
֮ڵķıԴ̷ɽ߽ס
ԭأеưܹڣھڵϣҲʼߵĳ֮·
ڵĺݣıԴ㹻ࡣ
ɵھڴޣֻҪ㹻Գʶߡ
ˣǿ׷״ӱǺӹû

İǿС
ɪ˹Ǹ죬ǸȪۡͻȻ䷴
һû˽ĿոˣشӡȪۡзɳ
ǹͺĿո֮ϣӡһδ֪ţûʲôԹɣ˲⡣
ħ˾ѴԨһֱǸȪۡkŴ˵ء
Ӳֻʣ˷ɳ𾪲ѡ
ǣ
𺳣ΪȪۡԴ֮һҲǵkΪӵ㡣
˾ſոˣϷķţħ졣
ϵķţʶ
Ԩѧʶ޾νѧ˵£֪Щŵ⣬鱶гơ
ԾȪ۵һˣȻڹ죡

½ȡħ֪ʱħ꽥ҪԾ
ƺ׷ͱȻޡ
µħҡҷħ֪ŵĶ񣬽˼æڸǹס
˷ġȪۡ粻о·ơ
ǧӡȪֺۡǾӿǿ
ǰûб
ǰȪۡͻȻͣˣӿǿ
ɪ˹ˣλ£֮һȪۡ˹
硰Ԩ춴һɭȻĮľ޿ڣţŻ
תĺǻյҲ٣ƺڽسţڷֱߵУ̲ʲôء
˾£ȻеëȻáȪۡй춢
ˣȥ˺ݵаʥҵػߡ
峤
̹˹ʱµϥأſڵڻΰݣС˵ڵȺĹ
ΰݹ˵Ķȥ˺ϷĲ֪ų֡
һ֣һаʥȻһ
Դ磬ûķšĽޣһޣʹõ֣ͺĲࡣüͷȷţĽֺͷţҲġԨķţ
µĿ⣬ƹ˿ոˣȥķš
ֻǶػߡ
Ϊ£Ծһ
ػ߱Ҫأ˿һʯڣĿתؿˣ϶δ֪š
Ѿ֪ʮءȪۡ˻أҲͳԴͷ
ϵ̩̹ЩȪۡĳ֣ѡ񽫻Ϊߡ
Ȼ̩̹ûŪȪۡİء
k֮ǰ̽ʱҲһ
Сĺͽkͷ˰ɪ˹˰ɪ˹죬ðɪ˹k̽
ɪ˹ˣߡˣ˵ûˡ
ȴ˹
Ȫۡʲô
ػ߿˰ΣлʯڣһüΪ
䣡
аʥٴһ
ػ߶Ȼѣ½ٴԶסſ־˵ԨУҲûķţҿԿ϶
ͨkõkһˡµ
á
ػߵ˵ͷ˵ʥҸ𿴻㣬Ǹ쳣ȪۣҶ
´Ӧȥ


ŮʣûȰ˵ԨԨԴѪ½־ڡءıأڵѪ⡣
Ůͻ΢
·ĺ󱳣һֻĻҰĿռ䣬Դĳ˿
ֻҰĹţɢŴϢ
ͨһŵء
Ұ׵Ǽʧ·ûдڹ
ڵδ֪ţȴӡ֮Уһ壬ƺԶҲٱָ
ҡҡͷܽھ̫࣬Ӷ˻þ
ȻĹŹַģǻ֮ȥ
еǣЩŵĴڣĸ򽥽̡
ʵѹЩŵĺ壬֪Ŵʲô
ôˣ
Ԩ֮ڳ˵ڣͻȻһɻĹϢ
ԼȻ
ͷŵϢ׸ȾˣñԾ
֪ΪΣԨͻȻʮǰʧ״̬ʱɢͻһǺŵĴ˵
ĳ˻£Ԩϸµع۲졣
ûʲô̫ˣ˻󡣡
ҡҡͷֵżȥڰ磬㲻֪Ǳߵ
Ԩüͷ˵ԴѪȥĽ磬ȥӻĽԴѪУȡһСֻˣҲܸؽЩӵܣܹѪ⡣
Ԭĵ̣ѶԸ˵
һڿǡ



ڶǧһһʮ ޹
δؾܵסkĳ
Ԩ񣬴ųԶԺ󣬳ʵ飬ǰԨûʮһԴ˺ݺ󣬺ڰԴûҵʵĸߡ
һˡ
ħ񱴶̹˹ҪǱkˣӦþ;߱ڵ
ʹµıӨڳԽԴѪ٣ԨǾòס
һζؼأδؾһ·
ԴѪ󣬾֪ԴѪ⡣
ԴѪҪһ磬ǻ飬ڵԴѪ½ٲֽһǿߣѧǸɽͻԴͻĽıݣȥĽ
ͻĽԴѪͬ࣬˽¸й
ԨԴǿһڲǿΪͬԴѪԴǣͬ뷨
ֻǡ
ȥ˻Ľ磬λͳ磬Ҳ֪һֿܡ
ܻᱻĽͬ࣬Ƿƣͬںϡ
ͺñȴ֮ĸ̬ͬЭ£ֱӼûĴ֮顣
ϣԼϡ
ԼҲƲǳġ̳޿ܣͬԼһĽ
Ԩ˵ڿǣΪԴѪ볷룬ôͲԴľ
ֻһʱıӻ
ݣ
˪˪֮룬ҷıӨĹ⣬һ·ɺ
˪֮ķԴѪ½ʱϡ
ʲôȻ
ǹɼҪŪԴ磬ԴǺӽſڡһƬңһ黹㰲ȵľħа׷ɱĸ徫ӢҪһ֮ء
Ԩ͵
û˵׷ɱǻȺģҲġͬࡣ
ĬȻ
Ƭ̺ͻȻһӦôӺ뿪֪ΪΣľеҡҸڽѹĴУҪΪΨһĸоҪĨ綾ȴ
ë΢Ĵǣ͸һϾĹ
ľˡ
Ƿڰ쾳ҽתΪϾȫԵʡԴѪʶ壬ΪӵһܣǣɶĴٶ󡣡
С
Щδ֪ţƺֱһЩ
С磬һֽ׳Ĺ̡
űʱľزȣҲЩȥ
ţꡢʵģĻþ
ÿڵʧͱܵתڶڻɱ䡣
⽥Ũ
ʮǰǰ㣬Ҫ߻ħĸоĴڣΪһѡ
ȷʵ̫Ծ
ԨɫأѪɫǳڵؿ
Զ
վͨڰıݴԥ˼ţںӳ೾̴Ц졢̸ԨҲȻ
ৣ
ü̳ĵֻۣȻԻĳˡ
Щδ֪ģϢķţڳ˵
ǲԨԴĻᣬԨļ֮УĿǰҲûЩŵĺۼ˵Ҳû
ԨȴܵؾЩЩԾӰ˵
ΪֵķţԨ̲סѯʣֵ˵Ǹڰʱûķš
ǲǰͻȻðģҲô¡˲̹Ȼظࡣ
ԨȻ˼
ͬںһŲӵĻ谵ǳͻȻ
䣡
˼ǿߣܵǹ𶯡
һڰ򺮾Ǹ޽ˡ
տռӳ೾һȻԨ˵һ仰˲ƶȥ
ǰаʱĺǷյǿս򣬺ͻ򣬻һԴǺӸ
ǿսʿҪͨƵġ򺮾ⲿͨ
ܶࡰѡ
˪̴Ц׿Խлƽ¡ҲԺ󣬶פ˵أ򰵲صļͱ˪֮
ҰܣУġҪôʧҪôء
ôˣû뵽սʿԡ̤뺮ء
Ҷעš
ǰȣһλʮѪĻƽޣµˡ
ӳ೾ܿ촫Ѷ
ԨǺһˣתҲý𱬵İȣӢˬڶսʿ̤
ЩսʿܶྐྵȻǰΪ޵ǿߡ
Ϊĵִ̴ЦŰм˪פЩһ뿪ȥԴ档
Դ紦ɱ¾塢ħаŰɱѪȼߵ塣
̰УһڲƵġڷөѰҵڸԭǿڡִ
򣬾Ȼ죡
ЩżѪİ׽ޣվһ鸡ĺ棬Ȼ
򣬲ٱڰû
ͷŹâһſűǳΪĿģͷâԴѪ½
ڰ·õ˳ȥӰ򳹵뿪ˡ
ڽкܹˡ
ӳ೾ȻһЦ

ȳ񣬵һƬң򶼱ѪȾˣѾûбĻ·ˡ
ӳ೾˵ͷϲͻѪΪʮĻƽޡ㣬岻ڳûȥǻϣ
ϣ
ҡҡͷҰջϣ͸Ũı˵ЦˣڰŶǽк򡣡
ںȥǺӿͻ֪ǣбǻȺ¶ûϣ
ӳ೾һ
ע⵽Щ氬һսʿÿһĿ⣬˵⡣
ĳޡ
˹ˣȫͷʮĻƽ˥ܵʼ㡣
ΪԨΪڵһӣںħټøǨƵ
أ
ûмʱߣڻħаɱҲг
ǻع麮;УҲ٣ڸǺأϮɱ޸ࡣ
᲻ޣ



ڶǧһһʮ Ӱ
Щսʿĺɢڵĸе
кУŨĳޣ񶾵Ļ
ҽ

ԥһ£ʱںڵߣԾΪ
ӳ೾ɫһ
򡡢Сӻ뿪ʱûܹе壬ֻһЩѪȼϸߵ壬Żᱻʱ֮
ӺͨԨڡǨ㣬Ū̩ǵ壬ܶѪȼ̫͡
ȲʺϽʱ֮飬оСܲմ𵴣ֻܱ̩ǡ
ʱħ䣬Ĺ͹룬߶λݱӰ졣
ǿߣߵĶˡ
ҵʱֻǾã쳣ò̫ȫˡ
û뵽ûã塢ħаͳһŰɱ顣
ںڵĴޣǺӣԾΪɱޣǻȺϢӳ೾ԺȻ̫ʹ졣
Ӧøеҡ嵮ںݣкݵĺۼ廹ţֻǱûбɾ
ûпһЩ򣬾ż˼ѪսʿɱĻ档
壬ŮһǿʢȺǵĺƽٲجΡ
˵ͳ
ѪԺ󣬳Ϊĥ¹ĺ򣬸֪˪ȥ˱߽磬Ҫ١
Լ˪Ļм
ע⵽ԨǾͲŮʳˣһؽ̸
˵ľգ˪ʣǺԨĸ飬ǵݵλΪİȻԱ
ҲԸȥԨŮ˲ʹ졣
ǣСǳţʾµİ׽ޣѰҸҴĸ߼ޡ

Ѿͷڣһ˿֮
˵Ŀ⣬ԶǳջأǿѹԺ̵ţ˵ҪѰһʹԶŪԺЩ⡣
գԨȰ˵ƮȻԶ롣
Ԩûż򣬻磬Էġ
һߡ
һһ˶档
ԨԱ̴Ц졢Щ˵һ䣬Ǿע£ڶȥ
ԴѪͼϣֱӴԽ
ڱǰڰʱվڡءԴ

޾ĺڰ쾳
ȥԨűӨڣص׼
֪ԴѪͼҲһ߽ŵأһһ

ڰ֮ŨĻܣüķӿ룬ʶеġ̳Ҳڼʵûš
ߵһ̨棬࣬ƣУϾ͵õ⡣
չ֪뿴뿪ӣǹɺڰ͸𡱵Դ꣬ûڴˡ
ĸ֪˴֮أеǰ
ڴ֮һī֭ĺڰĸ֪ͷȻܿûðմС
֮⣬ĸ֪̳Ļָ޵
Դ꣬ǹɺڰԴ飬ûкȻðûкսĴ㡣
޷ȷԴǹɺڰ֪֪Ļع飬ڲڴ˷ڰ硣
˼͸֪ӺڰϷ߲Ԩ
߲Ԩϵ˶ýܡ
ܶ̽ԨߣͨۺͰɪ˹ٵġ֮šӲͬԨ뿪
ߵĽ
ǵ֪ȫµĺݣҲ˿񱩶ҵԨƺñĻҪŨңЩݶȥ
ԨǿߣûͻƵа񣬱ʸ뿪
ƺõ۵ķУϳȥаЩƯ½ԨȺҲԸ֮֡š׷뿪
壬塢ޡŮԴ̫ؿ
ɱаһʺԼȺأͻһԨһԼ˹ȥ
ԨȺҲǨƣҲڴ߲磬Դ
Ưںڰ֮ϵһ½أ彮򲢲̫͹Դȣֻ㼸
֪ԴʷḻܶԨûеĵرЩԨпᾺƶȵȺͻȻۡ
ԨҪһ
·ԨȺսʿѪûͻƣûдﵽһ߶ȣԶܳ嵽ϲ㡣
пĹ񱻴ˡ
ͬУаǸаûΧ˱̹˹ʱаͻԼͬˣеԴء
ԨȺشԨǨƣʼԴѿ
⣬Ȼõ˵kĬ
kԼӰ׳ԴԴѪԴǵ
̳ڵĻܽ棬ԨϷͼѰҼۣнߵӰ
ȴ֣ۣ氲ߣнڵԪɣԨ
߲Ԩ½ڱ٣߲ĹԴ鲻ˣеԨƺҲڽϡ
ڡԨ֮šԺ󣬱Դǿϡ͡
ԨͻȻָо߲ԨԨ֮š飬k˺ݵԴ꣬߱ռԴܵk
Դ磬涼Խ߲ԨҲʵԨ
ڰ֮ϵ߲磬ԼλԨ߲֮֮µĺڰŹλͳ
ںڰ·пݼŵʵԨҲǵkͺڰԴء
Ѱ˰죬Ԩֻ߲ߣֵķѾϷٷѾŪغ
һӣƣȫʧԺеġ̳
˻˺



ڶǧһһʮ 뷨
k𣿡
ԨһһֱǵȺЩˣսѯʡ
ԴѪͼԴ飬ҲѪĴ½Ӧľٶÿһ仰
ಣಣ
ѪɫĹͱӨԨշ
ʱ֪ԴѪͼλԴ飬ԸԵķʽв״ûбλḽ塣
ԣԴѪλǿͬ࣬ɵ
ڰûеkڰԴ·ҲԨɫȻ
ܣ
̴ЦҡͷħĿ⣬·ҪԨ飬һڰ磬λھĹ쾳kеκһֻҪںڰУһȥͻᱻ֡Դꡭ뿪ɺڰԶڡ
ڰ͵̴Ц죬֪еĻǳĿ϶
kȷʵû¶档Ԩٵ
Һڰĵkæµ飬Ҳ֪κβ㡣ҲߣԴʱڣԵk֪Ҳû취
̴Ц˵жϣĵ˵ֻ֮Ҫȥڰһ֪
Ȼͺáһ
ԨƬ̣Ҳ֪ʲôǲ룬˵̳ϴԴصĲдᡣ
¡
ָɵ̴Ц죬ͻȻֹؼС
Ԩһɡ
û̳ȻܹΪ޳ԴȾӰ죬ôԴħ񱴶̹˹ӦͬЧ̴Цһ࣬Ҷ֪̹˹սж£Դжƿ
̫ʼ̫ŴԶе𾪡
̴֪Цһ뷨
ȱ̹˹
kܸѶֻһ߱ڶǱ̹˹ܼ󡭡ħƳһۣһţˡʵʵ˵ȻҲһѡ񣬿ȴѡ
ܼɬԸΪkǸѡ񡣡
̹˹ǿֻǺҶһۣұһ˿ǡָܻңȾһɿԺλԿǿս
λʧȥôһѸòı壬ȱһɳǿս
Ըһȣ㱣ðȥ̹˹ꡣ̹˹ҪָܹңԴĲһء
Щħ̹˹Ϊ飬ܹǴϲϾʦ
ʱ̴ЦһҼΪðյ뷨ԨԱȥһ˻
ԨȥݣȻаʥı̹˹ȳ̹˹
һܹ֮аı̹˹ػ߶ֵôѺעֵȫӪȡ
ǰûа취ﵽ̹˹Ԩ߲ġ̳˺̨棬γɵġԡ̴Цѡ
̫ʼܱ޳ԴȾ
Ա̹˹ķʽû̱Դ̫ʼԪõģһλʵĴħ
ڱϣ̫ʼԪ񣬺ͱ̹˹ħһµġ
Ȼ̫ʼԣ̹˹Ҳпܡ
̫ðˣ̫ˣkܾں֮ģԵkkܷͬʶġֻҪ̹˹ѱȫȾݣkܴӺ֮ķɳһʶԣ뵽̹˹ڡ̫ʼȵ
ҲڴʱԴѪ˼봫ݹԨԴ꣬Ȼں֮ģǺݾؼΣյĵط
ںݴ磬kӰǿԨ뿪ĺڰ
kǻۺ귨ĸţΪ˺֮ģ̹˹ȫȾk˼١
ĵkǡںݣkӦܵ
һҪضԴ
ʵʩҪȷ̹˹ûбȫȾkûнٱ̹˹
ãkĿǰҲڻ򡣡
ظ㼺۳һʵļƻ
̴Ц飬Ա̹˹Ϊͻƿڵ뷨ǰһùȻһܺõ·̫󣬳ɹĸ̫͡
ΪһʧܣԨܴ߱ȥ


һǳ磬ɷħա

ͨԨ㣬ûһʬڵĻǣҷС
ڵŵĶ֮ϣĮһ˫ӣǺɷ
ͣЩ壬Ůʥҫսŵصսʿʬ
Щеǿսʿа޻ɱǱɷħסա
ʱѾΪ֮һ
λȾأиԨ𡱵λˡ
ԭˣڵˣȫص
ģǰĺܶӡǣڱԴںʱĨҡ
ɷħ纮ħ޵꣬кݵĵħ
еɷħȫԹΪλִµĿܡ
Ѽǲ˭
纮ǿɷħĿеĴˣΪ
һƿǵѱģ


ƮԺ𣬷·ԼңԶ磬ϤС
Уʶң౻ڸǵļ䡣
ڣҡҷ
֮
ֹͣɷħЩߵĻǾۼҲúع鶦С硣
ɷħӵ״̬ԳŶڣڻкХ
;ҫʱ۵ĿռЩģԴ粻ͬصĶѨڸ֪״
ۼɷħХȵؿ˹ȴû׷ʲô
ͬΪ֮һڵĿޣɷħڶĻüҲƲǳ
кܶ飬ԼûҲ¡



ڶǧһһʮ ࿴
ԦɷħĿĵأƮڻ
߲õƺ֮£ʧ˷׷󣬱ڻĸǳسû˽̸
̩ǣҫǣһſŻǱаפԨȺǳεһ
аǣдӱ𴦹ħǣʱ
Ϊ֪ݡ
һ޲ֱռݵСǳֹڸ߿պظ·
ڵĶݺླ粻ߣ
ݹ
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޲С뿪ݺЩ˲δߡ
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ҿûϹ˵
ݺ죬̷ǰҺܺãǰ֮ͨݱԴԺ󣬾Ͳôˡ
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ݺѹ˸ҿ˿ħĴ˾£ǱལڵĴɣ㲻Ϊ𣿡
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ݺСֹ
رɫֹҪԣۣ氲½дԨߣ֤ԴԨʲôԨаֻħȺǰûŪˣ
ݺƲ죬ҷš
ΪϵͣûܽߣᱻصԴʶδŤ۸ģܱҡ
Ҳˡ
ܿϧڵĴƣ塢ħаͳһߣᱻڲϳ͡
ȥԨߣԨײͬ࣬ȷźԨ塣
˼תԺڣ̻ͨᣬŻڣǰЩᶨ׷ԨڵЩˣҲͻȻˡ
ǵڲһЩݺСЩɡ
ݺĴͷɲʲô¡
Ѿڿǣʲô취ݺɡ
ûбŤǣȴѾѡˣʵкܶࡣ
ú˼룡

ѭԼָܵػڻĳ˵۾
ħа񣬻ɵǿߣûн䱸֮ġ
Ϊߣ˫ڣһɱԴ
ɫԽأͱԴԽߡ
½ĽߣҲֻʶԪ֮ɫû֮á
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ڻƮƮȥΨܿ˺ݣֻںԶԶ꣬
ûѡС
죬ڻһȦٴλصⲿǿգڴ˾ԡ
λϵħԻΪŵ̬üչأǸġȪܴۡڵ쳣
ԹŹֵо¿⡣
ҲġȪۡʱܣǰãзɳĿոӣһЩδ֪ķţ͸Ũ⡣ոӣҷںݵʥ
ɫŨħ꼸һ¡
λԶߵһħһλħͬࡣ
ΪߵʸԻ
Ҳ£顣
ĵؿ조Ȫۡеĺɫ䵭ɫء
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ɫ糣ȼħ棬ͬС죬걾Դ֪ϣ峤̫Ҳ̫ˣԼסˡ
ȻһЦҪʥػ˵ˣǹͬԴͷ峤״ڰ峤֪
Ҫ˶ã峤ͻԼָ֪߳ǡ
ҲôΪ˵ͷ㲻˵ʲô
ȻԦɷħ̩ǻ
ͨҫǵһѨȥԴء
ȻԭڴӪУŮ峤ٱħ¹ħǱʣһЩаɱˡ
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ǱʱΪ飬ǺЦź̸
ȴ࿴ʼۡ
ĿʣһλżħûܹǱɱ䣬ħ΢÷·ʲôǡ
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˵˵ЦЦһаפأȺЩͶ·ޣиҪȥĽǿͶ
ǱŻһȺħͨǰ

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ǿϡ磬ҲŮ񣬶֮һ
̫ңԶ
ɭıһǣҲǿձ߽򣬶һɽ
ͻȻðɽɽ⻬羵͸һ硣
ɽ˪죬ǰŻҲɵĶɿڡ
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ΪɭȻԴУȫ෴λá
˿̣ɽǰһӨ׵ʯͣ
ʯ֮ϣԨԱΰ˻ϡ
ܱ֪꣬شڹͨӰԷ
ֻǧڲͬǺε岻ͬǻ飬ǱĬıԷ˼Ǿ߱ġ
ǰ
ȫ޳ԴȾİ磬˪Ůʣ죬
ɽǽԴЩǿŻ
Ȼˣɫδ֪ġţǴȪ۶
ӡ



ڶǧһһʮ 

ڵġ̳Ԩüէ֣ҫ
Ѫ壬漣ƺӲԨüֵĹԡ
Ȼ֪
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ԨüĵĹҫڳԺؿˣ֮УЩķš
ţɢŨ⡣
Ԩüеţʧ
磬컹ʵбӰ죬ǻȻ
⼸λѪǿߣԼķԴƼѡ
ǻ鱻ɱ塢ħаŰأԴѪ⡣
ҲԽأ屻նɱڲпĻ棬ķԼƼԼĳ
ЩԼĳĻ֣̿Ǿһ֡Ԥ档
ΪΪⲿľ£û뵽ǱӰġ
Ժе⡣
ԨֱԲ䣬ȵЩţĻþʵڵġǼҪֺ̫þ롣
ָ磬򡡣
ЩëȻУ־˵£㲻ҪɣǰһЩõѵ㲻֪ɢݵ
˱ܡ
磬򡡢СЩһԲҲԶ
ʮǰĲ񣬷֮ɢĴ˵ڳλ
ǡɭ˶
ɭУԭбȽŨ
Ȼʲô֣
ӦһַźͼǺš㣬Ǳǲ֪һִڸˡԨһ£ڴ𾪵Ŀ£˵ҽӴԴ飬ڰľأס
˰ҲȻԴ顣
ԨĴ⡣
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Դ飿
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С޲ףλ޵ѪУйԴ纣֪ʶ
޲׵ĳ꣬Сĳ̳꣬о汲ļ䡣
ǲ֪Դʲô飬ԴѪԴǰ㡣
Դ飿
˵ʮǰѰԴ磬ûз·ϣķǷ塣ѵ˵֮ǰǺڰУоʲô㻳
ԨҡҡͷԴ磬ҲڻĽ磬ǳЩ˵
ԨУ˾¶ǷӰ
ں֮ǰû뿪
ȻΪһոӱ͹ĳֳڶϣ¼Ǻš
Ԩ޷ȷԷǲԴ飬ĿǰҲֻǲ²ѡ

ӳ೾ƿʱ֮飬ɭĴƮѰŴ˶
Ԩһ䣬ʱ֮ĵ˿еľ߱³һЩ˴Σսʿ
Ԩ
˿һֹסʹ
ҸѾˣϱ³ҲҪˡ峤ȥؼλа񣬲֪ܻܲ
̬أһ߿һԨˮ֮ƴҪץЩ㡣
ץԨ½̧ͷԨ૵˺ܶˣǺʬأѪﵽ߼ˣͱаħǡкˡ
ʹ㣬ϣͷԨǰ
ԨĬȻ
ڷŴʱ֮ϣЩҴսʿһϢ
ԨϤı³ƺǱǰĵţûȥ
С㣬ڲ־ѣǳԽ޵ضѪɵġ
һöָոΪĹ֣Աţⷽǹ⣬Щˡ
Ժ󣬽ָ㲻ǹ⡣
û塣
ӳ೾ԨͣҡͷѾڸǺӴˣҲѶϢ˵ɭǰͨǿǰѡ
ұȽġɭұסԺҲ
ӳ೾˼ɭͨʱ֮飬ƿصĿռܹ˷ˡ
ԶǺ磬Ҳ״̬ͲԸȥðˡ
ԸȥݵǺ
ԼƬǺ߳Ӧþͻͷ
˿뿪
㾹ȻЩɵļһ򣬺ǺǣܳΪһ򣡡
ҲǣűƭĻ򣡡

սʿȿ˿ſԨǻʱӶҪˡ
ָԨӳ೾򡣬硢ʹ⡣
ָЩˣųĬûһ˳Ա⡣
Ҫӳ೾Ҳģо
İɣڻһģġȣĿǰҲںУǿ档Ԩ˪˵ͷ
ıɽ壬ϱ˪ĺ͸һ㳩ͨ
Ԩֶӳ೾ʾ⡣
ӳ೾εؽ˿߰ɣȴǵƣȻǻ
кܶ໰Ҫ˵ĵ˿ϱ³Щսʿ״̬ʵ̫ֵΣգͬӳ೾ʱ֮ȥ
Щŭսʿϴ󺰴УŲԸȥ
ϧ̫û취ʱ֮ѣӲǱӳ೾˽ȥ
ŮٱˣȻ򣬾֮ǰĴӪ
˿Щ˽ȥԨն̨ϷɫĮ˵
λŮ䣬ʵû̫øкͶУλŮ峤еΡ
ΪºݼƻģȻɴħ񱴶̹˹ںƶǺӸȺӿһ
ȴ
ȻѲΡ
ǰʲôô֪Щŵ⣬֪ǲҵĻþ
ɫУеĽǺŨ
ΪЩķţڼȡĻұ̺Ѹٵ׳С



ڶǧһһʮ 
֪Ԩն̨ϣ̳ʮһЩӦǿʩӰ
˿ԨɭȴЩǿ쿴״
ЩţһȪ۶
Ƭ̺ԨԺ¿Ȫ۵ӰȪۣͻ޼䣬Ѫ͵ײӦʱҲ֪¡
ȪۣǻЩУ
˿Щˣӳ೾͸ұڶ
ͨʱհǰҲڶЩеİأҲûʲôջ
˿̾ЩŹֵУǵڣƺڵû̽
Сһǿվޣ
Щ
޲ףǹȻһƬƬͼ֣עǺһЩ㹻
Ѫļ䣬ǵԺûЩڹĺۼ
ͷ޲׵Ⱥ˸Ǻӣ͸ãȻ
̽ԴǺӣĽ硣ǣûнЩб־Ҳû֪ⷽʶ
޲ԴĻͼ־޵ԣǰһ̽磬ӡѪ
һ´С
޲׵ĺѪ֪ʶ⣬ûصļأЩеء
ǴһȪ۳ġ
Ԩ棬˳һۣԡԴ֮ԳƵİɪ˹λ£ЯлᦡƵں֮̽һȪۡ¡
ʮȪۣѵͨأԨ˵ĿܴڵԴ飬һؽɣͻȻԵЩ
ԨԴ磬Ľ磬ֻ֪硣
֮⣬ѵб磿
Ԩҡͷ㲻ˡ
Ȫۣ֮֪ķš
૵
ɫѹЩţԼĻڵҪֹػС
˲С
оЩķţ׳һ̶ȣᷢµ¡
ƲסЩŶ
ڤڤУ·ƼԴǺӣڶ磬ʧĿֲ档
ӦȥԨĽҲС
˶Ԩ˵
ԨüͷȲ
صʱǿת⣬ֵа취̹˹аʥŪֻҪںݴ磬ڻҾܰȫؽ̹˹ѡ
㣡㲻ܳڻһ־ͻ⡣ӳ೾æ
ҵһʶħʵħ꣬һħ̽ݡֻҵһ΢ʶӦòἤkǿҷӦԨ˵
˵ʱҲ˼ţôѱ̹˹Ū
ıЯһ̳˵ˣһ̤ĵؽ磬ͻ¶ݡ
ôĴħа񣬻ͬߣϾͻΧɱ
֮ĵλҲ
ڻУԡԡ̹˹ĨӦλᡣ
뽫̹˹Ū̫ˣ̹˹ûеk־٣kҲûںݲСӳ೾ҡͷ
Ҳòʵʡ
ȻԨʶǲԴǣӡԴص̨УȻһӰӡ
Щ棬ΪǾߡ壬ԴƿѰټ
һϸ飬㷢ǵӰӣȻĬr
̨ܹ֣һңԶľ룬˵Ĭrǿ󵽼䲻˼顣
Ӱ
һͷľעǲ̨档
дĬrĬrӰǲ㰵Դǰص̨֡
ȻͶǵӰӿ
ʱԼĬrӰȻԺ־죬£ʶͷ

ԺʶѸеĬrӰΪʵĬr
ĬrϤڡ
ĬrʼĳҲ֣С֮·ð
ĬrƺǴ̤ڼ顰֮·״Ϊûлٱ
磬Ща塢ħ׷ɱ壬γɵĹӦ÷ǳࡣ
ȥĻƫƫûдӿȻϳ
ԣĬrȻ𣡡
ĬrӰ̨ʱԨʶ֮ǰΪ񾳽ĬrҲӭشͻƣ
Ĭr˵ڶλ𡱣
㣿㡭
ĬrҲ˲ȷޱңԶǺ
ĬrüΪᵽһ־ʱ
ǺܺͬȵֻԨ𡱵ΪԨԴѰ˹
֪ԨǾߡ֮ıʯ󺣡
ԴǣԨǾߡûϵȷͳǸԨԨаȾ
ȷԺԴǲŷǸԨӶ
ĬrĲǻǸԨаԴꡣ
Ԩ
ڴ鿴쳣ĬrϤԺ󣬻ǲ̫š
ڣ룬Ӧá
Ԩ˵ԭأԱԦն̨ͻȻƿصĿռ䣬շ϶ڴ
ն̨߷Ƿı˺׾١
û̫ãıն̨ڡ
ǵһι
ڣһҲС֮·ǸɺԵĺ
ûлԵһԶû
ڷλͻֵŨŨɭУһҲ֮ɳ
֦ɣƺһϳȥжԶӶԶ
ԴԴڹڡ
ͨ۲Ԩ֪ܿԨıұҡ
Ӳɣ֣÷һЩ



ڶǧһһʮ Ȫ
뿪ˣҪʯĻϡ
ĬrһϻûȷԨԴǵĴ㡣
ҪȥδԨѯʡ
ڶԴУԴȻҲΪ߼Դ飬Էԭʼ̰Դ顣
Ǵ⣬û̫߰˼룬Դеһ
Ľ硣
شģĬrǹԴǵԡ
Ǽ䣬ԨԴ˼뽻ǧΡ
ı޾ڰԨԴս͸̴ЦǹɺڰĲģбȳغľٶ
ʵ֪
ԴҲǿߣ塢аħΧɱܵҲʲôϣ
ԴѪһһ뿪Դ磬ȥĽѰһ뷨
ĬrʯĬrļΪһܴлĴ
ԨĽͨ̳ͨ
˼ʶӳǲִƵڻ͵̨档
Ԩ˲Ϣ֪ԼҲʱ֪
ֽĹ֪ͨ˶ٱ
ԨԼԼͨ񡢹֮ȥ콻ĸо
ڼ䣬ԨأҶɳɳĹ
Ŀܿɫɫ԰׵İߵ㣬֦ɺҶεƺԴǵ˼ͷ
ԨãΪԴǵĽΪԴǵײ
ҲΪԴǵ˼ʶ̳֣ƺԴԵĳɳɱ䡣
Դ类Ⱦ㣬ľԴ㣬веġС
Ԩͣ٣ԴԼһ͸¶ĴѶϢ
Ƭ̣½
̹ܽ˹ȾֻҪ̹˹Ӻ뿪ڱǿ֮УӦϴӾ̹˹пܻΪϤλħֻҪ̹˹ҵıλõǾͻϣ
ԨʼԴǽȰ˵
̹˹ŪҿԡԴǻӦ
Ԩ۾΢ʲô취
˵һ˵̹˹Ŀǰ״Դѯʡ
Ԩһһʮأͨڻķ֣Щ顣
ʮУȪۣзɳĿˡ
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ԴǶЩȤȷϡ
ʲôţȻڲпܻܲһ£ʶ󻯣
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Ԩãġ̳ڲڶӦԴǵǲ̨棬ڲŮԺģһž󻯡
Щ͸ķţ̳ڶӦԴǵǲ㡣
Ȼ
ţġ̳ҫɭ׵Ĺâһش֮𱻵ȼˡ
ҲڴʱܵңԶĻ춯
ЩЩţ
ҡΣҶƮҡ
ƺϵã


ħ˾£һ˲ƵأǸġȪۡһ㲻Ҵ⡣
ͻȻ䣬ǡȪۡɢݳһŨϢ
Ȫۡһߣ·ﱻɢݳҪڻ̽ʲô
ħ棬ϢɢݣƺҪϨĸо
ǿͷħӿ֣ҪȪۡ׷Ѱ֮·
Ͼʮħйⷽ׼¹Ϻˡ

һǣǡȪۡԶ
¾긦ħҡţһֱ̹˹ڵطȹסŻָ侲
ȻͬʱԨѪˣмλ˼ħٽ˵أҲǡȪۡڵϢ
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ͻȻʮѪˣ̬سˡȪۡ
Ĺâ类ʩаҪԼпȵ׼
·ǡȪۡζǱ׷˼ˡ
⣬Լ֪ǵÿһѪˡ
ΪҪ˶ܣ

Ѫˣٿһ롰ȪۡͷǣΪ֫Ѫ꣬뵽Ȫۡ
λȻħ֮롰ȪۡϢػħ̡
ǲ
ºȻͻȻе壬ħԨȺٿ˵أ
ħ궼ڲأָɢݳġȪۡ
ԼҲû뵽ֺʱȻڸԶ塢Ѫ˱ħͷߡ
ԼĵͷΪࡣ
ʲô
ӿҫǱߣոչĴħǱħʣһ˸ոճͿ쳣
Զеħûżս
ںֻ࣬ԶԶƺڽ䱸ʲô
»ǱָǸȪۡͣǰ״
ͬΪħĴħºǱĹϵǱû֪Ǳʲô
ʱԶʣ˺ݡ

ݴ硣
һϢӰ½ѿĵطݳһаʥ֡
kԨ𡱵ߵػλã˱ŵĿոˡ
ڻˡ
ûѪػߣīʯڹߵݣ϶ǫ
kͷĮͣڿڱ̹˹ħ塣
kһ˿أ̹˹ħ꣬ϸϸһ顣
ȷû쳣ȷ̹˹˼ȾӦûڶʱᣬkͷ
ǰkյػߵĴѶ֪ʲô
ǸȪۡ³Ŀոˣϵδ֪ţжµӰ죬kѾȫ֪ȫ
kħ񱴶̹˹󣬱סˣȻһֻ֡
ͻȻ룬¶ȥ
ڷʥڵģû˽ĸӣڵkС
Ϸһδ֪ķţ̡
ϢӸҪȾаʥҪɢ
ػߣʶȣ˿˿Ҫͷ



ڶǧһһʮ Ĩɱ
ջ񡣡
kſӡŵˣǾ𺱼Ц⣬ȤĶҺ⡣ڰɪ˹Ҫ
ػ߱ߵ׵̧̬ͷȥֱӵk
ػȴ֣Ϊk飬kԨ
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櫵ʲõأ˲д䣬ΨһͳǺӵЩߡ
ǣֻںһѪͳٲֻѪߡ
ƩͰѪ¶ҲħϮʱԺأڵһԱ
ֻҪһ֮Ѫܵõ⣬ᱻնɱ
Щ֮ڷߣ˼ʶŤҲϴһˡ
Ǳȥˣȥһ򣡡
ħأɢȫûнǷﰡ
ֶ˵˾ȪۡУעһ¡ҵĸס
µͷ

ûյԨûеȵħǿԮĵȻȿ
һǺӣսϰѪܣ;Ԩ
̬֮Ϊܹɱ䣬ȫԼѪ֮Դߡ
ħа񣬶޷񣬶Ӷ
˿ӱǺӹеĲŮʣûˣϢһǶԵģɭȻкڡ
ԶǴתɭȻȥ
ͻĽ֮Ԭ벻·ҲûͶŵӪԾûȥĽ磬һֱƯԴĸ
аħŰɱʱ̬ܻ֮
ɽأĸоԽԽãǴȥԨ
ôˣ
ûʶԵֻɫĻʱͻȻԨ
ŵһ飬ն̨ͻ֣Ԩӳ೾򡣬ǹĸʲô
ˡӳ೾
ֲϹ
ʮǰο»Ҫ񡣡ӳ೾ٵ
Ĭһ£ôأ
ûֹܲϵֹ򣬸ȻҲᱻңʬЩʬ־£ݱ硣ӳ೾̾
ϸȻһЩŵǳУ߳һ߾ʬ
ǧƵʬԲͬǳԲͬȺѪȼߣӰ˷Ůʿ£
ŮȦĺƵ
ʬôᶮãɫŹ֡
Ǳ롣Ԩ



ڶǧһٶʮ ֮һ
ɭʬڱ߽γɵЩʬȺӺƺƵأҰ

ʬڣɢݳһ΢ɼϢǿС
ϢǿЩʬڵЮţһɫӿȥγɸ籩
ɫյֹûǺɢ
һشؾ籩ƶɣڳǳȥ
ȺִֻӰ֡
ûм࣬Աͣڲ񳲵ĳˣžﻨƵȹۣͷõĵᡣ
˿̵ʹͷƲݡ
֮µôСȴĿעӡ
ΣգɢĿֲԴͷƫа
һìܵĲĴڣ·Ϊ˵߸档
Ԩļ䣬һر
ͲŮʣ·֮ܵˣȷʵŸӽ
ʮǰŮȺǳսۣûв롣
ʱĺݣδչ¶ͷǣưԵ硣
Ȼ󣬲Ůʵĵһȷʵǵˡ
Ϊִ̫ն̨߳ǺӣѰҸǿսʱѰһЩƫԶǺӣ֦ɶǳȡ
ҲŹѪľǿһһȡ
ԨʱѰޱаľն̨
ѰձҶϡ
֪ˣѰоƫƧǺ֦ռѪ⡢ľǿΪ˲Ůʵĵһ
ΪòԺڵѸγѪһͻǿս
ն̨ˣҲ֪ͨ˲Ů׼ȷ֮ء
Ѱ˹ȥػĲŮʣԻһλŮ
Ϊ֮㵹
ĲŮʣѼʱͻȻ
֮ġ
ǸڼĲŮʣйݵദ۹֮ԲĴѪ
Ů֪ͨµطͨŮʣ֪ǿվѪ
ȻδȲŮȫɳûеѪ
ű˹
ſĲŮһ¶һ棬һ㵵Ŀֲ״̬
ŷѾ˼׼˲֮أǴ㽫ִƵѪգ͸
նʱڵǸﲻŮһ
Ϊйһ̸֮ʶ֪ԷƯ⣬ԺݵĹע١
ǣŮͻأԼڶε˺ݡ
ԺԳ˵̬ںӭ
ʱѾ֮ѱԶ︲ҩ档
ɣżõĲŮʣٴζ֮ġ
ڶξ˲Ůʡ
ûȫ֪ΪնΪʱǰѣμϣһ֪ϸڡ
֪һʱйݵһʱ⣬ͬ̽зʽ
ϧܿ͸ˣ˱ȴҴҽ˵ڶ
Ϊˣһ֪м䣬ŻѪս쭣Сʱҵ
̽ԳʮƵ׿˵һ֮أȡһö
һĻĻԭģļ䣬ԨԺ
ɫӵأֽĲŮʣЩδ֪ŵĴڣٴ
ħˣ
ӳ೾ȡ
Ǵǿ쳣ӿԵġǺӶɿڡͻһħӰ֡
櫴ˣ
Ǳˣ
ˣ
һħڻ

һƬʯش֮ĸİ壬ڡǺӶɿڡϷ֡
һ͸ߴսʿȼɫħ棬ʯ֮ϡ
ħЩԨ룬ҪȥĽɽ½ش
ڶħɫʯƯţյĴ֮ħҫһſŵǳ
籩֣ǳͻȻѡ
Ⱥѿֽ⣬ʯ
ȥ
Ǻһˣָɫ񣬵ʯ䣡
ǧӴʯħƿ£ȥ
ôʯһƬƬʯ꣬ƺƴ
ʯʱ໥ײţڶѤõĻâ硣

ɫһƬƬʯ䣬һشػ籩ͱ˿
ȶľ޴Ի˲䱻ŭ
񣬻·Ѩĳˣͬʱķ򣬿λħĽ١
ٺ٣
Ц
ӡǺӶɿڡ죬ЯŹʯų˱ƽ
ֻ񣡡
һ߷Цһ˵ɻǵãʮǰʱұǲߣ
ʮǰɱ㣬ʮ֮Ľ죬һһΣ
ħߣҲȺУΪϵĴħ֮һ
Ǳ̹˹ʵ׷ߣһֱ̹ܵ˹ĺǻ
ʱ䣬̹˹ʥħ½ûв档
ˣʮǰһֱڡ

Ƶľ޴ʯһС½أ
еĴħޱȵΰߴʯЩħ꣬Ϊһ緢عЦ



ڶǧһٶʮ Ĺħ
ħ꣬һλսʿʬֱŮʶ

һƬʯСȵʯɣ·
һʯҲ֮
һۿ𣬷·˶һӣЯӵս
ӰϢһûԨŴ˿̵·𿴵Ԩ磬һ½ر𣬱ƿס
½صʯ䣬۲ɼģѪҲ޷֪
Ԩüĵġ̳ܿЩУ̺Ŵ֮ĸķ塣
ħ
Ԩüͷһ
һ¼лƬʯΪħԴ绯ħ磬Щ½صʯ
ϸ۲죬ͻȻһֹŹֵĸо
ʯ½أħѪ٣صĴΪŵħƣ·ħŵѪ
ΪĴħ񣬺еħһûѪ塣
ħ̬ͨƬʯһǣħ̰أ߱컯
¡¡¡
ŮڵգֻɫչĿʯȻޣ籩
ɫŨ
޴γɵӰ£˵ıǰڵʹͷ
ħⷬƺĳ״̬
ڱŵߵݵȻɻңݳ֡
·±֯ġѨڣХĴħ񣬵Ҽǵ㡣
񣬱ʯγɵǳײݻָѡ
еӣ͡⽻֯ζķš

վ˲סħû
꣡
򰾵Ǿܣ嶸Ȼζೱʪùߡ
սʿƤ㣬ų֣дĻʴ

ٻ
սʿͻȻĿƣЩŵƶ£ų˷ȥ
ܣ˵һɱƿصʬ
ħܵиӦ˲Ĩĸɸɾ
һʴħ꣬ǾսʿʬɣԾ

ħ꣬սʿĿ֮ƯʯϿա
γɵʯΪԼħÿһħ꣬ʯ
ǿϧûõʬȻԼƣҲһ߼ħ
Դħ̬Ƭʯ֣ſعЦ
һܣۡ
ʮ֮󣬻ܼһħȺ򡣡
ͷרע棬ɫȴĮܺãǰʥħ½Ӳû취
ħ򱴶̹˹פħϳʥħ½
˻ս쭵ԭеĸ߶ȣҲ޷ȥʥħ½Ѱ
ʥħ½ħĴӪǱ̹˹أԴû˭ðȻ롣

ͬΪħǱͰƯڡǺӶɿڡǺ󷽸źܶżħ񣬲Ϊ˫ݲͬżħں档
Ǳ˵ڽˣ˭
üСԨ֮۵õ˾޴ôЩ뿪Ԩ½飬̺ܲĴǵԴͷľηǫȫʹ͸
ڵʵҲδܱȵù
̾Ϣ
Ǳ㸸ûгǰǵУǿλħѹ֣ѹң¶ָֻŵģ㡭Ҳ̫ˡ
˵ֻҸײҪɽ´ˣңֻСûбСĵ
ʱ櫺ȻЩɵأĴ
ܸоڰƺһֻ۾̤ǺӶɿڡʱϣһһ
ľΪȻָо˵Ŀǰ򣬻ʲô˶
˭ܱܹҵĸ֪
櫸е֡

һ޴ʯҲӡǺӶɿڡƯüĿشⷽǺӡ
аķ
⽣죬аʹ棬ԨΪԨ֮֮ǰ̫鱾Ϊһ塣
ķ壬ѰһͻȻŴħȥ
ҲüĿһ棬ħƺҪֺ
ķõһڱԴʯɫǰµۣ̽ЩڱԴע󣬳ĵ硣
ˣҹķ㣡
ķԶԶڽ¡
ǱͰ櫶һۣùŹ֡
ķԨƺҲʹءǱһ£С˵ʯ϶оˣ·ռֺá
ѹ漫ʢԭԨаҲ׽櫵
¹ֽŵĹķ;ʱͻȻֹס
ܵһǱ
ӦЧҵģҲЧҵˡ
ķʯͣסȻһεţƺѰĿꡣ
ˣˣҵˡ
ૡ

ն̨ϷԨǹʯתǶȣ֩չɫЩ֡
櫣ֻһЩоѡ
λʯڣ簢ɪ˹һаķȻܹô̵ʱ䣬;쵽Ĵڡ
ңڳѰҪҳ
Ԩڣ
ǱͰͬ
ķ쳣һġˡͻȻжϳԨ˿̾򣬾ĳ
ӦǱΪƶŮʳˣӦò̫Զ



ڶǧһٶʮ ǣ
櫺ǱķĺͬĴ

ɢݵĲɵĳϫӿɢ
λħĴħʱȻ˲Ůʣս
ǵУԨĴں̬ȣƺعһС
ԨòŮʣ¾ħ
ǱӿħܣڹķѲӵķ򷭽ţħ쳹ڲͬأЩսʿʬը
౼ų˶ȥʬħܺţΪ֫Ѫꡣ
ʦ֡
Ŷͷļ䣬类Ҫ
ԨŮʵķо㡭Ӧֹİɣ
ʱӳ೾ͻȻɤͳأԨ˵ԽԽǿȫѣƺı䡣ǲ֪Լûв
Ԩ
Į顣
ӳ೾С˵ǰ㣬ʹΪ̫ʱҲֻǶԳе⡣һԨһ壬
һ£˵սʿǺӶɿڸǰڵˣŮʵֵ̫޶ˡ
嵹ҲˣڵЩˣֻǱλԻ˶ѡ
ӳ೾ĵ
߲棬ô˸֮ˣ
죡Ļƽ£Ǳս㲻⣬ΪĴˣھ
Ԩ
ӳ೾ЩпԨĬ˼û˼֪϶ʲô㣬ҾǺԽԽˡ
ֻڶԴΪе룬ʲôЩ߸ϵģûеԴ飬ʲô𣿡
ӳ೾˵Ŀ
Ԩԡ
ʵҲ쳣š̳γɣ̨ԽԽߣĮĴ
ǰص˺˼ˣûôҪˡ
조̳ۼԴִƵĮ̇棬ҪԴ֮ϵѵЧ
kԽԽǿȴԽԽԽԽһˡ
Լš̳ĲߣȴԽԽĮ飬ԽԽûС
Ԩ˼ţһŪһúע⡣
Ϊ̳ȷǱĬӰУΪеĿ꣬ܺ޲ˡ
Ϊͨ櫣ôħ񱴶̹˹ӲŮʵŰ
ɭʱԡ̳ĹȥҫˣǲĨЩţ
Ӷ˵Ҳһƽ٣
ϣʦ㣬ܹڽĳ죬ʲô
Ҳֻ㣬ϣԿпܻǡ
ͻȻ䣬ûɥʧǰкͰޱس֣һ
һˣҿܱԴǸˣʵӦûбİ취
Ԩ૵

ն̨Ӱ֣ħХġǺӶɿڡϷʦ֣סǺӶɿڣҪκħ
Ան̨·ͷһڵħ
Ԩ
櫺ʹħǱͬʱС
ˣ
пȵаķ
㺰ʦ֣˵ϣܹڽ㡣㣬ʲôҡ
Ԩ򰢵櫣ãȻǱǵġ

ʶġ̳üƯͷҫ貵ġԡ櫺Ǳס
һСģܰѵkħն̨߲ϼ⡣
ͣͣ
ڡԡµİ櫺Ǳɫħк̫ʼһĹ֣ȴĻâ£һڡ
İ櫣мħ֮ᡱ£ڡԡһâʱ׻ס
ֻҪһƣǵ֮է֣ǾȻǵԨ˭
ħǺԨദ£˿类ԡϼޱȵ
رǱ
Ԩʶĸ磬ΪʱҲ½صаħ
Ԩйܶ£˲սĻ棬һһԺ
Ԩ
ǵĵˣǵָߣڣⴴǽΪԴ
ǱԻˣŤ˼룬۸˼䣡
ǱħЩڣЩļ䣬һһֳǱ̧ͷ
ǱǣݳýѵЦݡ
˿̵İҲͨԨӡ󣬽Ĩļ¹
Ƭ̧̺ͷ΢ЦЦο
ʦ֣Ȼûʧ֪˵䣬˭ܹҴӵk˼Ť»ѡ
Ǹˣһʦ㣡
ʦ֣
ͻȻؼУҸףĽаʥҲҪһ
ʧˡڵҪָ
̹˹ԨĶʦָһԨУϵĦΪԪߵİ취
ڶʱ̹˹̵ԨµµΪһþʷ׳ʡ
ڣԨаʥʧˣҪԨ߳
ն̨·櫺Ǳԡ֣Ȧһħ翴ħ㣬˿̵Ԩ
櫣ǱǲǷ𣿡
ԶָԨȵԨǵkѡĸԨҫӦԨԨ׸kõk־٣
ԡ棬櫺Ǳ۾ͬ顣
ԨҸĵʹͽҪҪ

ҵֻҲһλħԽǿߣԽǲףټĻȫѶӰ졣Ԩҡҡͷȷؾܾ
Ϊ˷ֹЩħΧԸӳ೾סЩħҪȡ㹻ʱ䣬櫺ǱԺȾ



ڶǧһٶʮ 
Ǻðɡ
ź̾Ϣ
ĽͿλȾ̫ԽЩĿˡ
ֻҪܹǱһͻԼݡ
Ȼ󣬱ǫ̬ȶԴ
ΪλħᴩħȺʷģҲ뿴Ϊλͽһ·ߵڡ
ԨȻô˵ˣҲΣȻһԺϣѡ
ǶעԼħ꣬ҪⲿţҲҪǳ
Ԩȡ
о̳ͨȥǱͰ櫵ħʱʩں̫һ
̳ͷŵĹԣҫǱͰʱЩԴۼƺҪںࡣ
ħأλħ񼶱ħڴ˵õ
Խǿߵ꣬ݻǵߣԴӡҲԽѡ
֮ͨ⣬ۺǲ̨Ĵγ̺ʥϴġԡôڵĺۼĨһǱóγϾ
ԨĻѸġ
ǱͰʶѿġԡȫſңʡһЩ
ˡ
櫺ǱܴϾ£ٹע硣
ڡԡĹҫ£ǸоԼħԼѰҲӡǡ
ͷ˿ϸǧ򱶵Ļߣ֯Ϊᣬǻ˿Ѫļ䣬귨ӡ
ԴӼؼĻ˿ڣ׼ҵЩصӡǡ
ʵϣûСԡҫЩĻ˿Ҳᱻֳ
ǱԨԴеӡǣ
ʶһѣ櫵ȻףԴħȺ׳ΪʮһĺԴ꣬ѱԨĵkʳɡ
Դͷ沢ˣȻλȾӶɥʧҡ
ʲô
ʯָ櫺ǱԼһֽ֮ŮѸٻɱ
λٳٲԨʹɱҲͰˣڲȻ£ǺԨлҳ
Ϊ
ʮǰĲŮʣҲڶʮ۷սʿ֮£ָɱ
Ԩ֮۵ĸ߿ձǿˣŮʣĸоҲʮǰǿ
ԸҲȫ״̬Ĳ
Ҫ櫺ǱսԨ֣ǡǺӶɿڡֳͨùǿ߽١
֮櫺ǱţúԨ˵ô໰

ɫӰ£ӯӯһյϸ֫Ѱ֦ɱ֯ɵĳѨš
ü续ͫȴʱ·֮Ϊʬָ˷
Ȼ䣬ӯأǡѨڷɳ̬
ǱԲ԰׵ֱۣźץųѨıأǡѨ羣֯ʹڣڵʯ

ʹڰġѨнŴɭĵ졣
ͻɡ
ͼ˷£ЩʬȿֺؽˡѨ
Ѩ·ĳħܼʬķţʱڳѨûǧʬ
ʬڡѨѻţ¯㣬֫໥ţѸٵ׳
ʱһǧɣʬʬɽ֡
ŴġѨסͨɢ⣬ʯȥ
;УʬָͷƤѪ⡣
򣬸ߵʬʬɽħڡ
ûͫҲûݣǴһո̤˼аѨƶŽʯ
ʲô
ǵħ꣬ؼûֹ࣬ɢݵŨȻеĺ
߹Źֵʬɽ𣬱ȼŴ
ȻҪڲŮʵǰƺһߵҫҲȻռĹޡ
װŪ
ħһ飬ʯлָЩɢʯģݳȥħ꣬м꣬аȾ
ͨͨͨ
ʬʯĺ󷽣бķλʬɽħֵĶʯ
Щһ߾ûǵʬʯϣڴʯ֮УȺħꡣ
Ƭʯһħ˿ڶʬס
䣡
ǧɵʬɽħ֣һʯʱʯزסعѡ
һѷ죬ʬɽڵŨ⣬˳͸ȥ
ʶһģ
Ҳڴ˿̣ͷɫ񣬷һ̶·˵һ¡
׷ûعڳš
飬Ѫ壬ǻ̬ħбӰˡ
ն̨·߲ѤõĹ⣬Щħħ𵴡
һħУֳصţǵħѿ
Ƭ̣ûдﵽżħħΪҰɫɢ
氢櫺Ǳģ״İľżħǱͬմȾЩţȾŤԡ
ң
Ⱦǣ
żħ񣬳ǱͰ櫺ȣҪѰǵıӻܲŮʵ
Ԩ
ʹģЩ˷񣬾Ҫݵľżħ
˼߼ħڶ࣬γҲΪףżħĥѣҴϤ뿴Щħ׵ȥ
Ϊ̫Ҳ̫ûˡ
Ūɣ
ǱҲħһ壬ֻǵԴͷλʳˣŻΪԨﲻ
ԨķԸ£ӳ೾򡣬ԸЩħ
ȴֻ֣ɫħȫˡ
ӳ೾ҲеͷĿѣҲУķͷ
СγɣȻѪ˲ʶ
򡣬ȫȻӰ졣
ƽ֮ɵ򡣬⣬Ѫ⡢Ƕ˾Բп飬̫аȾ
櫣취㸸ܽ򡣡
Ԩڰ櫵ħ𣬺ȵҪȥںĺ򣬰㸸׻ָѡ
˵Σʱᱻ
Ҫ
Ԩ˵
Щżħ񡭡
ն̨֮µԨͷ߲㡰̳Զɫ֮£˵ľӰͣͣ
Ӧֹ
Ԩһ֪Ĵ̼ʮǰΧˣŭݼѡ
ΪˣĻܸӦ
⣬ᣬһ취Ԩ
ء
ԶĲŮʣҡҡͷϵؾܾЩҸұøǿ򣬻߱ѹ⣬ûʲôֵǣҵ˺



ڶǧһٶʮ ʩ
Ԩ⡣
֪Щ֪ЩţпʧȥǣɢľȴϽЩš
Ըɱ¾ͷ֮
ΪʲôԨѯʡ
Ҫǿ˸ͣΪɱֻԸȥðա
ԨĬȻ
䣬ŵı޲ͬ졣
ǰڻŽսʱѾǿ״̬ʮǰǿ
ɼˣŵսǸоʤϣ
޾ڰУأϣתΪűԽҵ
ˣԭսʽԭɱš
Щδ֪ģ֪Ӻζţе֪Ϊ͸˻ɱŵĿܡ
ΪܣԸգҲ
ùңҲҡ
УҲ㲻Ҫ赲ң
˵һ͸žȻζ
Ԩȴʹͷƺӡ
ɢݵͼ˵˾ϣκŤ
ԨԴ磬Ľ磬ʸվǰսһĴڲࡣ
ԬȥԴԺֽԨԴ磬ܹʤ޿κεĴڣڱ̹˹ǰֻԨһˡ
ϣԨ·
ҪͨɢߵУѰɱŵ
ԡ֮¡
櫺ǱλħԼͲŮʵĶԻλħĿسĬˡ
ԨͬüĬš

ɫľ޴ڳ˴ͷʱȻƬʯ
һȻǺӵʯ˿̳ڶʬʬһſСʯӣͶʯħиļΪ顣
ʯģЩ۲ɼĴ磬ҲʬѰ˺š
ħûԼ壬ƬʯĴħ
ԽסҲʯΧɫɱǿվޡ
ǣ˿ڶʬѪʳ󣬻ʯƻħ
ȻȴЩɢʬеͷۡ
ħ꣬ʬɽħԱߣǣǧɵʯصײǾǧɸߵʬɽħ֡
ʬɽħֲʹУÿÿҵ촦ֻᱻµʬ
޴ʬɽħ֣ʯˣֻɫľ޴񣬱ƶڸʬɽħֵʯͷѿ
ʬɽħһѣڲͬʯѷڣɢŨ
أЩħʯ˴˼߱ϡ
ʯķźХŵĴذأҲעԺӰ졣
ħλ޾ĹħڱŮʣĥħ֮·

һˡ
ɭڣɽǰԨںͻȻ̤
ڵѪв߲ͷ׵Ĺԣһԭʼ̬ĿʯɢݳŨĿռܡ
ڴ˿̣ƾͱ塢ն̨ϵֱս
ҲñִͨƵն̨˲䵽λá
˪磬ԺûԨԴӡߣ޲״СƮŶ
ֿԨð֪Ȼ˾޴䶯
Ůһƽ١
Ԩһ䣬ƾͱĸӦҲڿǱߵһһҪ̫ģҲȴħ񱴶̹˹ƻһ֡
Ŀǰ̫ƽ
ĵ˿Щսʿ뺮İȻԺѾƽ
̴ЦֻٲӡҪ뿪Ͳصʲô
һ˵ĺڰĿǰҲûʲô쳣Ҫر⡣
ԣ̤˺׼ϱ¡

ݡ
ֺаʥڲħ񱴶̹˹ħ꣬Ǿԡ¯Ŀڲ
ɫħ꣬类ʱ䶨˰㣬һ
ͳԴı̹˹̬Ѿкܾˡ
ڿ׶һīʯУ̬ػߣʱһ¡
̹˹ħ꼸ۣȷ쳣󣬾ֻȻʧ
ʥػߣͨаʥͻԴڶаͨ
ֻҪĿǰԴаͨصĵãķһЩаĶаΪۡ
ڵõĽ䣬бݹǰǽڣаСɵɷħ
kҪʥ
Ҳӡ
ˣܷҳһ۱̹˹ˣ
Сأλǿɷħ
һλħĿУ̹˹ħȺǿɵõΡڡ
ĸףǼħȺԱ̹˹һַĵĳݡ
һλ˿ҲʥħУհһ¡
ûʲôÿġ
ô˵ţǽͷųڶ֡
ӵһ̬߱޳Ыβź⣬ࡣ
һ㣬Ҫһ̹˹
ЩĪĽţ·ֻ뱴̹˹һ㣬᲻ͨ
ֹ
ػʱ֣ϵֹ˺ĽӽȵҸ𿴻̹˹λ߹ң˭ӽ
Թͣ£Щί֪ˡ
صаʥصػӵȨԨȨҲаǲΰݵĶ
ֻһλɷħĺȻҷ
㣬ңûʲô𡣡
ȻվŲմصƮǰûػߵĺǳ⣬վڴħ񱴶̹˹Ŀǰ
û򱴶̹˹Ƶ̬ػߣõ꣬Ҳ˵ƵһɱãͳԨа񣬺ͳڵЩɷħһġ
ǰҶ꣬αֺ
һ
ػīʯθһأͷĮŲ֪ߵغСѾͷÿһλõа񣬶ӵ߼ҵаκһһģ㶦ڵЩɷħ
ػĿںϣЦɷħħа񣬺ӲܱȡѪûȱ̫ˣ
ػ֪Ļߡ
ħǺԴ괴ȺħԴͷλʳ
УԨλ壬бԨȺǵk׶ӡ
ԴħػλҪһء
ûõҵ㶦ڵɷħһػߵ
߸ߵ񷶥֮ϣ֩Ĳʺ֣һɲе񷶥й
䣡
һڲпյĹסз磬Ӱںϡ
ǿɷħĺǰħʱ鱻䡣
ɷħ֮꣬ұħУð˿˿̡



ڶǧһٶʮ д·
ס֣
С
Ҷʩ֪ͣʥԺҲǹءɷħˣҲҪҵĹػ߱ؼ˵
ſʲôҶһˣԴͷҲһ£ƾʲôѹһͷŭؽе
ڵĺӨ岻ѣ껹ȼա
ȴҡͷҪҪ͵õػΪС
Ȼˣ֪аõػһŭӵкεȾ˵ͨ
˵Ǳ̹˹ħ϶صĵãػߵ
ԼġڣػߵޱȾˣܶùȥаͨΪػ߳ͻһǵ¡
ʧȥԺͼ䣬ͨɷħؾۡ
ûҪΪػߵĿƴɱ
һˣ
ػߴЦ̷λԨԨ֮ںݳΪն߲ŮһССŮ꣬ҲҺƽƽ
СŮΪԼǸôһɵk͵ıԴɱΪħˣ;Լˣ
аһٶҪڣߵݣ
ģҲһ㲻ʸƽ
пյĹУ򳤱޼ô
ħеĺǵŨħ꣬ý
ܿҪǿɷħףΪżɷħ
طżɷħʱļ䣬Խʧ
ڵӻɷħԺȻܹ³ɷħΪָܹطǿɷħС
ɱػеܲˡ
Űɡ
̬ػߣ䶢˵ڣ̷ˣǹͬû˭ԺҶԿ˵ˣССħı̹˹һѹڴˣ
ķȻ񷶥ʥұ·ǧλȥаػߵѡ
аӰ񷶥ţ֧죬ǽ̵ĵ׷֡
վŵǵӰѹҪȳػߵݡ
ίȴʥ£ܲסػ׷
·п֣ĺ󱳣סĲӣҪػ߿ͷԱ΢̬Ѱ½⡣

ڲǧɷħХڵħ䶯ͨڶʹ󶦹ͨͼŲС
ȴػһ£и翹Ŭɢ
ҪǵãԨͳָѪ֣
ػ߻ڼڵ㣬һλħħģġĺݣԺĺݣ塢аħӦҲ𱰵λǰ
ػߵУԨ壬ԶλܳƷ
βԨȺЩаǡ
ԴħԭⷽͳߣԴ걻̳Լ沢Ҫһ䡣
пյĹڣħȼĺڵı̹˹
̹˹类ʱ⾲ֹħ꣬룬֥âһر
ɫħ֮ꡣ
ٹ̵ļ䱻Ĩ˺ܾãҲǲˡ
ɿһâͻȻȻһָжηǸߴˣƺϾҪˡ
䣡
׻ȻӴգѹϵ׵ɢ
סĹҲǼ䱬飬һĹ⣬ˮһصס
̹˹
ػҲ˲Ϸˣ˲úǲĵʱ⣬Ŀ˲Ǿ߿ףȻٻ
һٻаһźͺݵkʼԴӴ
غ໣
ʷԶĻֺã̶ļХ·ǧаݴǿΪ֮𾪡
Хɢڻ𴦵а㾪ŵظϸ
˿̴ڻаͨХ֪ػߵĲ֪ػٻǡ
а񲻸Ҳӣȫһʱʥ
һ߾ףаħǸʱͻȻײʥ񷶥аʥ֮⡣
̹˹
峤
ݣ̩ǣȪԱߣǿߣħаǣһĻ𾪣˼
ħ񱴶̹˹аʥ̤ȴǴš
ûͨʥ߳ûȥǧħĤݣֱײʥ񷶥
񷶥ѣζ̬ȡ
ڱ̹˹ǵħ꣬еɫâǣСȴҫ
°ħǿߣڱ̹˹ħ꣬ɫâʱȻʶңԺļҳ飬ֲԼ˭ˡ
ħɫħӿҪ̻
ħ̹˹Ӱ죬ûһܹתûһָܻңɢ
㶼
̹˹Ȼ̾Ϣ
ûںҲûڻ̫ãħĿף͵ҫǷȥܿѰһĶѨ
ڴ˵أľٶ뿪ȴûиȥ
ԤУֻҪ̹˹жϾͻӭ֮
Ȼʲôɼȴ̹˹һּ״̬ƺĳִ̼ѡ
ʱı̹˹ǳΣգ˭˭ͻ
ǼֻĿͱ̹˹뿪
̹˹ˣ
һ޴񷶥£ѵıռ¶ΪƵħػ߲ɷħ
ڶһܵػȭͷǵ峤ˣ
⣬򱴶̹˹춯û¡
˿̵СɵɷħŽͷöػߣӰʱģʱƺֶͨΣټɢа񣬲طϵ֮ڵλ
ػߣ򱴶̹˹аʥҲϾͺ
һǷʲô£
ĬĬ


ԡܹԴǵĹ£ҺԻָ룬ԨԸ״аʥ뿪ؽ
ʵ˵ĸ״ѡ
ֻǰʱûСԡĳ֣뷽跨ػ׹Ҳûκá
Ȼһ
ϴԴȾĹԣȻ֪ҲЧȻԸԨͱ̹˹ڵģΨ֪ķʽѶ
Ԩ˽ǰ㣬򱴶̹˹ȡ
ңסң
ֻһأԶںݵı̹˹ȡ
Ƭ̺
а뽣ĹķСǺӶɿڡ⣬۰Ͱ͵ȺԨټʱȻػߵĺ
ػżأҪɢԴаλôħ񱴶̹˹
ķʯŴüĿݣǳüչ
ڵȺԨ֮Ԩ׳
Ԩ˹ԨȺа֮һλȾķѾ߸ĹŤ־
ˣʼձҡ
ػߵĺٿǰԨץ
˭ģ



ڶǧһʮ һʦ
ΰԨ֮
аķԥΣն̨֮£Ԩ̳ıȹҾŵʥػںң˵ħ񱴶̹˹ײ˵񷶥
Դ磬ɢڸǺӵа񣬶ڱټ
˼ǰãʯڵаķջѡԨ
ˣӦΪ
˵㣬ķǫر̬
ķҲ֪ںڲλһԨ̬䣬ȥһɢȪۡ
ɹķ֪̫顣
ܶʱλԨһģκһ̽ںϡ
ԶԴÿһԨԹ񣬶Сĵ̷š
ԨȻû뵽̹˹ܹôس
̹˹Ҫ𣿡
غһ̹˹Ҫ٣ͷһ
ʵǱ̹˹ͷ̫ˣλϵԴǿߣںݵʱڣưԵʱûκһܵλħ졣
޵Уʵ顣
ӳ೾ǺӶɿڳһ£
ն̨·ͻȻȡ
оˣ
ʱ֮飬Ժ鼮ڡǺӶɿڡϣɺӺжϵӳ೾ϽȥԨ
Ҹ׾Ҫˣ櫺ȵ
Ԩͷ
Ҳס˺
ӳ೾ûжϽǱصʱ֮ӡǺӶɿڡŲͼһ߾ĿףǡǺӶɿڡڷɳ
һִ˼䣬ǰߣǿ׹
ԡ¯ħ᳤Ľ⣬ڴħ񱴶̹˹ƿ£߱ħֱ
ʱ͸ܵ˲Ҳһ
ͣ
ڲĴħڵħڱȻʧس֡
пأŴ˷ħǿգһƵʯ
ܿϧ˿̱ŮʱƵʶңûע⵽ĵ
򡣡
ħͺ̩ͨǵʱ֮ţǴӿҫǶ
ʱɿҫǵġԨ춴ǰԨħڲͬĶҵ˺͸ħͨķʽ
ħأÿһҶ֪֮顣
̹˹૵
ף
̹˹ˣ
ԡµİ櫣Ǳһ̵ı̹˹Ϊ֮ݡ
ǸеԾǣ̹˹ħ꣬һâޱҫ۵֡
âźݵԴӡǡ
λûԺɫۼñĨ̫ٴ֡
Ȼڴħ񱴶̹˹ħâȴҫĿޱȡ
˵̹˹˿ѵģ
һ̹˹Ҳ˵ڣ
ǱͰڻָѺΪ̹˹һȻǿģû뵽˵ĳ

ڿյһӳ೾ľأҪʱ֮齫ǺӶɿڡס
ֱӴݻٶɿڣԨԸ
ӳ೾ûгɣǱʱ֮飬ȻɣʱĹȥ
̬ĶɿڣЩʱ£žر졣
ʱ̻ͨǺӶɿڣըΪеĹ⣬һ˿˿Ŀռ
ǺӶɿڡڣζŻЩǿߣ˲Ϣ
Ǽۣаɪ˹ǰ㣬;ͨߡ
ٵĺãٵĺðǱޡ
Ԩ֮ݵԨڱ̹˹ûй֮ǰֱ
ɵλߴĺˣ˿ڿֺȴԽغʦ뵽̫뵽λ࣬뵽ůĵĻ档
Щ̵ļ䣬ٲȻҪɲ֣˵һˣ
һʦڱ̹˹ħ꣬ϻοغǺǴЦ
ãܺãȻûҵڴ
û뵽ؼ䣬ȻֹԴܹĨkȾ
̹˹Ц̹أġǺӶɿڡ߳ˡԡشϸ
ûнܡԡϴӣȴȻѻָԣԨӳ೾Ǳ˶ﲻѡ
벻ͨΪʲôѡ
ף㣿
̲סѯʡ
ħ꣬һ֮Դֶɡ˹£һԺʱҲӦˡҫģֹħ꣬ҵһ֡
̹˹Ц
ħͰܹͨͨ쳹صԴյ谭
аʥųţڶаѾ뿪ȻҲ
ˣڰ櫱ԡҫһ̣Ѿͨ櫣һħŮԺ
ĺأҲڸܡԡ뿴ûиá
ҪŪڡԡĹâ£ǱͰ櫵˼ǣ᲻ᱻԨŤ
λ亦òضԴ
аʥħԨͰ櫡ǱĶԻעľƶȷϡԡ޺ˣŴӵ߳ͨҫǵĶ
ѹ֣һôķԭʦħꡣ
ԨЩɻ󲻽⣬Ϊˡ̳ڵȻûпڰ櫵ԺһħĴڡ
٣
̹˹һЦ
ͼڰ櫵ħڣصԲȦ֣ħͰ櫵ħ·𲻷ֱ˴ˣ櫵ħ껷סγһֱ

ǵħӰͷɳһߴĺˣ˿˿Ҳš
·ˡԨ̾ѡ
û̹ܿ˹ħͰص֣簢櫵ӰͶӰ·ǲʵĴڡ
Ҫǣ̳ûҫ̹˹ķǷ
кܶkĺۼûĨ˵˵ܳŶá
̹˹ָ꣬һߺؿšԡһ˵һǱһ櫣ƺѾļˡȻһħķѸĻܣиѹҸоܲ
Ǳתһֱɳ
̹˹ĥţڶʱͿˡԡĹɲ֣µԨƣͲظΪľ޴
еı̹˹ȻۣŽĳظ첲̧
ħڳӵļơ

̹˹ߺȡ
ɢڸĻܣͻȻ俪ʼӿ
ӱ̹˹һͳףⷽħͳߣ귨֮ϣ
ħû򣬻ΪŨˡ
һߺȣĻȫӿܵٻ㣬Ҫƴڵħꡣ
ָԨһɵͻȻչԨͷ
ЩӸĻܣ׷ڣеʱѸϴӣΪĻܡ
ɻܣԨ޾ڰȡģûκ
ֱգ
㾡ܷ־ȱЩܣ硣
ƺƵĴܣӲԨüģӯʶ



ڶǧһʮһ 
ԨʶдޱȵĻܣ򱴶̹˹ӿעš
вûմȾУϺ֮޹ڰϢء
ԡ̳ȫȻա

̨߲棬򴿾ܵע룬ͷųҫĻâؽྻġԡǵķΧ㡣

櫺ǱһľϲؾعԣħľЧͻȻǿ
֪ǿġԡ·ԨԴŤȾڼʱ䱻
ʦ
ԨݳЦݡ
ڴħ񱴶̹˹ֺĴЦУԴĻܣǵɵϴӣΪ͵ʶ
գ۹ԡĵĻܣȫָ롣
Ȼ
˱̹˹İð̽ǷڰôӺڰڻȡܡ
㲻غҿȻΪ˻Ѱ櫺Ǳǰϴħǣ㾡ܷȥȡ˽ܱǣ

ֱ۴ӿ̹˹·ǧħж
ÿһֱֻۣһܹۻܵļӣ򣬹ħȺȡ׳Ļܾۼ
Ǻ类ǣŶתƣǬ·ߵ
ĻܣȻҲԨۡ
Զӳ೾򡣬аķ̹˹չֵͨ
ȺǲȻڶࡣ
ڱ̹˹УǺӣƬǳڶأƺ΢򱶣е̡
ŲǳıӣЩӡڡ̡ڵĸƣǴ˽ĵײ㷨
ĵײطƺܱĸı䡣
ǹƶߡ
дڣĵ͸ѭƶĹ£Υ
ǧ۰£Ļӿ룬ԨȻȡ
Ƭ̹ԨĻܣڱ̹˹İ硣
û˺֮ǣҷǿġԡð櫡Ǳб̹˹һֻ꣬ڶʱ䱻ϴ͸

̹˹Ц
аǿܣ˷ӿԨע롣
ǴǡԨѡ
ЩۿɼǺܣ򱴶̹˹ȵľΪʵĹ硣
ٽԨʱֱ̹˹ͨı䣬еʹ羫Ϊ
ҲеĹ磬·ͨ۸ģ񱩶ҵԨ
ǰݴУ̩̹䣬̩̹̲֮صкݽڵɡ
ǾԴǺܣڶ޳ȡ
ݵãԴǻ飬Ѫôͽ׶ܼȡ
ҲˣӺ龧ʯⶼ汦
ԨȴȻͬ
Կ񱩻ҵԨԴǿܸӣͷ̫ೣ˲յѪսʿԲӦ
ƫƫԨ壬ԨȺܹӦԨ
嵱ǵ
бԴǿܸԨܣȺǶӦϴΪá
ͬǣֱеϵ뵽µѨϡ
񱩺ͻϢԨɢڹѪอֱ׳ǵ
뵤Ԩĥǿ
ħ񱴶̹˹ħһȡĻܣԨ̳Ļָ
һȥֻݵԨ񱩶ҵ
ҪԨ״̬һٽǱ櫣鷳
ܹһ˵Ժ£Ԩܹмʶ
㲻Ҫôϸ֡
ԨȻһЦ˵ĻܣҾۼеѣǿҵֱӽתҲԨҲգҶתôѾ

һ䣬ͼ̹˹ĵʹ磬п񱩻ҵԨԱԨû
纣ɰٴ㡣
ееɢ;磬еѪСء
ͬԨڶв֮˴˲ͻ
߱·ܼһУ

ͷģͷšԡ̳ÿһ㶼Ȼҫ
ͬԴִƵĴȨ˰ռİأڲ̨֣ͬ̹˹̾Ϊֹ
ġ̳·߸Դ飬Ԩūۡ
ľԴ꣬ԴѪԴǣɫϢһµԨڡ
̹˹ָоԨܱΪԨĽľܳΪӣܻΪؼǿĹԴ
ҲܣΪԴѪѪɭı⡣
ȫӡµĴ
ҵˣɲֻǵնߣҲֻǺ档
̹˹ԼĶͷȻЦȻˣҾ͸ˡ

ڡԡ·λߴħ꣬ͻȻŨࡣ
̹˹ħ꣬ɫᣬ֯ħתࡣ
ڣλӡǺۼʹﵽԡµķֻꡣ
ֻѱϴӾĻʶַ꣬Ԩֽ׶εأϴӻڵǡ
Ҳˣܲ˾ٺ˵
仰µı̹˹Ƭʯ

ɫ΢
ףkȾˣûһҡ
櫼ɫƫæ͵Ԩ֮ϣ˵kĶͣྫµĴڣЩĿˣֻΪٳû
ǱҲ峤ʧңıġ
һŮһΪ͵̳λħ˽⡣
ɫ˵֣櫺ǱΪеǣ־Ҳ޹ġ

̹˹ĿǰһĻس֣ڵkǰǫضĤݡ
Щ飬ǲġ
̹˹һ
֧ʯ
ʬɵʬɽħ֣ը֮ʤ
ɫ̺еĹ磬ʯصĴ磬иķ顣
ħ꣬ʯʱܻؾۡ
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类
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̹˹
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ڶǧһʮ ͽ
ʮǰŮȻĻ֡
Ϊıʧ״̬£ɢͻ
´ɱģȴǰĴħ񱴶̹˹
ڱ̹˹ķԸ£λǿħ˽ȥ
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Ⱦڱ̹˹־类Ť
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̹˹櫣Ǳ֪ħǿߣҪ¾
񣬻Ǻܾûˡ
̹˹Щд˵һ˵û뵽δע⵽Ⱦ˲Ůʡ
㣿
̹˹ϸһأеЩţ
򣬱̹˹ؼͨߣڳ˵Ȼвķţβ㲻̹˹Ŀ̽
Ȫ³һȾˡԨ͡
̹˹㶣ֵһûнĿոˣ
ˣԨ
ǵУҵħ꼴ʹֹҲܿС̹˹˵ͷĬƬ̣ĿոˣӡЩţڲֻ֡ΪбĴڲֺۼ
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˹ǰҲʮ䣬ػһС
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Уηı̹˹ֹۣҺܸȾˡ
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ԨһɫزŴ㿪ڡ
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ԡµİ櫺Ǳ仰æߺȡ
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ֻҪţԶȡңͳħȺҲܳΪʮһ𡣡
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ħ괫ҽУƺȱȾܵ˻Ҫࡣ
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ƺ̹˹ĺ׺Сˡ֡
еı̹˹ǳһ治ͽħ࣬ΪҪĶ

̹˹һˬʴֺЦʧؿŴħƵ˵Ҽǵãн㡣Ƕܳһʱ䱣ԲҺ˵ǡʱ򣬽Ǹ黹ҡ
Ĭ
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ն̨·ǱŰ櫣ʲôܹԲ峤ΪʲôûԼţǽ
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㲻ҪңѾȫˡ̹˹İհâĻ꣬ΪԼ׼ֶΡұ㣬Ҫʱ̣
㣬ֻҪһаʥԶԶضݣҶпѹпָܻҡ
̹˹Եúʧһ˵һҡͷûУһûС
ûнҪĶݺаʥǶܳʱرԣǱԸʶ䣬ԼҪӽkҪΪk־졣
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ʬѻɵʬɽħ֣ħƮԺ̤Ưյʯ񱼶
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ħ꣬ħ껹Ƿֻħ꣬İɭâ׼ָʹʬй
ʯգֻ󼸺ڸ졣
ǿʢӪһӵʯסǿ͸͡
Ĭ̹˹Ͽڽʱյֻ񣬱תƵ̹˹
У̵ͬţ罻Ҫ̹˹նΪһؽء

ʵ֮ΪɭɭʬļХ򱴶̹˹ͻڿԴȥ
񱼵ʬɽħ֣ǧʬնľĿ⣬ͻȻ۱̹˹ϡ
ʯصĳ˱壬ͫɢݳҰ׵Եùа类ĳ־
ӻȥǳʬص˲ӿ
಻֪ķţźصİأγһԱ̹˹ħĴ
һ̣ӳ೾Ԧʱ֮գ򡡢
һȦȦӲͬĸ㣬ʱ֮ϵ򡡢ƣλشȾ¡
ն̨ΪϽɫѣĿϽɽұڣúܶħֺ
ն̨ĸ״İľżħڲŮʷʱһɪɪ
аķаʶʯڣһƬš
Ԩɫء
оˣŮʵϢƬʯΪʼܱ
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ﵽߣԪߣ½ϣͲŮʶԻǳû
Ȼ֪̬Ķܱ䣬Ԩȴûֹ
˿̾ɭɽǰκһƿյִ
ûôΪŴħ񱴶̹˹λһܹƽϢⳡ粨
潲ʱϲ˴
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ڶǧһʮ ħ
򱴶̹˹Ĳ޺ķ籩
ƫԶյشŮû򣬰Ǻܹţ·һȥħ

׵ı̹˹ħ꣬ӿײƮȥһٲ˲嵽˸߿ա
ڸ߿У̹˹ڻֹһεģӴޱ޼ʵħӰ֣
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ɫħӰԣϵẻʵ·һ͸Ͼˮ
Ľᾧ
Ԩ̳Уһֱ̨һޣһģһ
꾧̬Ĵħ񱴶̹˹ɫĻ꺣Уҡ
ˮĴ֣ɫĻ꺣Ĵȥ
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ѵԽɢʯڣݳȥħ꣬ʯԽԽԶӵ类ж϶֪
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ǰ״̬Ĳ񣬾ȻҲʯг֣͵ػָҡ
ڵģ̵ţҲӰ



ڶǧһʮ Ƭ
ɫ⾧ֵһ״İľżħ񣬾ȻҲݻָѡ
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ã̹˹սӦʤźá
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ЩżħħһƬãȻ૵ţͼһʵҡ
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նʱڵ䣬һֱͨɫ⾧Ĺ롰̳ڶʱѡ
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һԨ뵽ԨƺΪԨ֮ͷȥĽ硣



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ԨĬְ沿ĿԶȥ



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ףȴ֪ͬѰԲҳԴ

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ڰͼkⷬ˷ܡ
Դ飬ҿʼӵѪ壬ǽ顣ҳɹˣҲԼ壬ҪٷѾ˼ȥ𡣡


Ԩ񣬽̲شؾµġ򡱽̫ʼʱ̫ʼϲ
̫ʼԪ壬ʧȥѪǵ̫ʼħķʽǡ򡱼Ϊһħ
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һĶԿԴ飬ͼָ߸ϳʱȴڲ֪ݣԼڱΪûеķ֮
ȻΥĳԡ



ڶǧһʮ ֻˣ

ŮʵȻʱյĲ⣬һǺԶ磬صļ챦ϡ
գǰĽǰȥһЩ׼
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
Ȼ緶ΧһЩ߰Ĵ֣ͻȻͱΪѪ



ڶǧһʮһ 
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׶Ũ̹˱ǵζ֫ɢݵһģһ
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иӰаڸʲô
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ְӴСС̲һĴ֣һҪ»عݵĻ
ǰ˵۾۲Աߵаػߣߺħ˾
ȴִҶɫصأۿĳԨϱϸ΢仯
Ȼеǿ߶
壬һֱԨǿ塣֮ǰȺаҼǵв١ĲаУСȴ󵨵Ǹ
Ԩɭ¸Ÿ˹ǿһֻЦ档
汲еЩаǰҵʱһһǫǴӲǰſػצ
ն̨ԨģϽУ˱ܵĸ˹⻮
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еǿߣͻȻһأȻԨĳֽϵȻܹԨòֵײ㷨
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Ԩüġ̳ͻֳһŨġԡü䵽

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а˹ǹڱΪѪ

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䣡
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k͵ЩԵа񣬵kûкʵĸߣkȻڡ
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ǰ
ԨȣڵѪɢݿ͵ѪɫûͼѰһ˿ϣ
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ҲǣԨ֮ǿʢԨ֮͵ԨĴƽƽ
ǾãԨ֮߱λԿʵ
Ȼ͵ͻȻڳݵһѪⱻᣬʣһ߿ݹǵĻ棬Щ
мλаڼʶλЩԥˡ
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ںݵаʥ͵һͻȻն
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յԨʥԭʼմڵĸӦôĨ
ɫһۿʥ

ڿնаʥһĪ񷶥ĿڣΪˡԨ춴һλλа˲롣
ںݵа񣬻߸ķ˹аûһֿܵʥ
գۼ䣬ػٻа񣬾뵽ʥС
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а֫壬ʥŹںϣѪΪʥһ֡
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ʥÿһλаڳΪаʱҪݵĵطЩԨа񣬺ʥޱԨԴ
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ΪںܾúܾǰkʶԨϣԨȫԺ󣬵kܵһǶô
kָܣڵkУkӦԨӡ
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kƽ˵뿴һ
Ԩһ㶣뿴ʲô
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ͭǮȻͻȻ۴еôСӳϢˣƲ㻹ǵ㵱ʲôǵʱȺģѺע¥ˣűסһ
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̻Ի͵ġ¥񡢱ʯͻƽ⣬صĽͭǮͭǮϢԺԿ̵Ľء
ͭǮȴͰиһûꡣ
kԨɱиķʽͭǮԦš¥ɳ̩ʱͭǮɵĨɱ
Ѵ֮



ڶǧһʮ Ĺƻ
kǻĻǹޣkĴڣٳԨĵ
kûԴ꣬ħȺҲkΪ֮ԴͷԴ
kһһУkһһͻĻ̬ϢϢأkӵһɱǿ֮
ͭǮִǿѲ˵k
ҪĻk˭˭˲
䣡
ǺӵĻֺã쳹ǵĴ֮Щߵꡣ
ʶk㲻һԣҲͰߣ̼仯ΪһѪɫݹǡ
ˣһаˣߺħħҲˡ

ڲаǵĹǽ໥ײ
ְšǡеаںǣܿƵغĹͷӡ
ǵȥĺǣٱڵа궼һ־ǣţǿеۺ
ԨЩаֱһ̲ʥ壬֪ô𣬾ӵЩа
֮ǰһĺǣѱǧΪõĻʯ
ڻŵʱ򣬻ΪõĲʹǵĺҲΪ׳õ
аȶˡ
ԣϣ־壬Ȼ֮
kŵȻЦݣȤؿʧȥ꣬ڡ¥еͭǮ
ʱɳ̩ǵġ¥ƮŵԨǰǱȻ
бڰ˵ͭǮֺ϶ϲЦݣʱ·ʹ˶סõر̬
֫Ҳ沿飬Ҳбı仯

Ԩʧȥس񣬲֪βȡ

ڻı߽紦Ԩüġ̳չͼ۸Ĵ˽ײ㷨ĵ磬ϡ
Ρ׳۵аʥŤšӡнš
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ɽаʥkһǻ۵ע룬ڶа񱻳룬ʵԨڲЩƯŵģǿվ޻ҪӴֲı䡣
ʥѪά֣ڲһа񣬳Ȼڵ٣عŨѪ⾫ǹаꡣ
ڵkҪʱkԸĵãܹаס
ɷħڣЩ֮ɷħŲΪУΪɷħܰ㡣
аǺͶɷħûб
Ҷڸı䡣
k۶ЦƺΪȤģΪ˶ԿҶɵ̨ÿһ㣬ǰҾͽӽһ֡øоˣ˵߱ľġ
飬ǵĻԭûС
ڶԿңĻǵҪѹҵʱȴҲڲ֪Ϊҡ
ͬġ
kЦҲӲĶķʽǵϲ뿴ûĶ
k֪kڸı䡣
ûʳݵԴǰ۵kжôǿ󣬵kֱӵķʽ£Լ鷳
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ҲԴ۸ħ˾µļ䣬¼ŵkǵߡ
ַʽû̫kɿǰǿ
ǰĵkѡּʡİ취ЩڵkĿܣֻܡ
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ڲͬˡ
kԸøkŪЩkѪ飬ʲôӵģkᡣ
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Ԩ
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氲ѾȷţkԴԼĵߡ
ܵkû壬Ҳû˱Ҫ
Щ˳Ĭ
ڿҫǵĺ࣬kаʥk˷Ҳ֪ʲôͬųĬ
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ԨɷȻ£ΪС̬ն̨ͭǮġ¥УЦݵͭǮ
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ջ󣬴˾¿ܲˣˡ
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ҲڣҶ᲻ữޣҲ
һԭĻҡڵˣͻȻͼᶨˡ
뿪ɡ
İ壬ն̨Ѫ⣬Ԩ˵kԸķʽƻģü򵥵ȾŤ۸Щ˵˼롣kЩ˵֮Դkøˡ
Ҳ㲻ߣͻᱻħΧҪȥɱЩͭǮ㣬ǰ׽𣿡
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á
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ն̨ҫ߲ϼ⣬𺳶յĲͼӻ롣
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һȦȦɫĲ⣬ӵkŤʥɢݿ˳շ
Ӵħְʥнţһ˶ͷ
ͷϣƤѸɣƺڶʱ߱ʵݡ
ͷĿնѣȻԨͭǮڵġ¥ͭǮѾ˼ʼ˽塣
һ¥ɢ飬ʯ񾧣ͻƽͭҡ



ڶǧһʮ Ĺа
¥Ȼ壬ػؼǰģԨա
ͭǮûʬ̩ǳ䡣
һ̻ͨĴޣۿʬ纮ȥɡ
ִλϣúͭǮһ³Ǽ
δն̨ƿնȥԨܵյķҪȡͭǮʬʱͼǾʬ̩ǡ
ͿݹǵһշӰ죬̩Ƕȥ
ˣƺ֪Ѳ˵k
Ȼˣ̩ǹԹԵأΪǿߵ
һ·
ݡ̩ǡҫգԨǺʱ类һ㣬֫Ļޡ
ڶߣܵշǿߣһ̵ԨҪЩʲôһ뵽ͺͭǮ³ָϽͷ
аοԼԨλһģλҲĽԨ᲻ûٵ
û񣬳䵽֮ģ޷ʥ̬ԴѪִƵأҶƴѪѪ֮أǰ漰⡭Ҳƽⲻ
kԵЩա
kںڰ֮µʵԨɱһλԴѪȴδܳɹԷûܽѪ̲ص
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ڵkԴأͬԴѪԨΪk־Ĵˣͨȡ˴˽ԴѪ
ȻҵĸǣǰˣԺҲǡ
kȻЦ
kаʥӴĵûһִаѪΪอ١
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ͷۿͻȻȼһ࣬һڵĻ
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Ԩ̬ĵk壬ͷüһġ̳ƤĶͷ
ûúļ䣬Ҫżߡ
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ȻһԨ
а⣬Ҷ壬ʵҲܱ
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ںݷߣ̳ĴӡʥǽڣʥܣΪԴʥΪǿĴɱ
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Դ磬ǵĺҲӦñУǿõܡ
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Са񣬽ữǿа֡
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ʥγɵԨݣۿڵĻ棬ͻȻΪ壬ҫԨ
ࡢ򣬺ʹħ񱴶̹˹ΪԼˮħơ
Ԩüĵ̳͸
Ԩһࡢڵ򣬷·𿴵а񰧺
һλλŻԨպҲΧɱĻ档
ҫǣ졣
ʥɱͷ­üУkк
ĿҫǣkһԺХڵkĽ£·˵kִƵ
ҫڵk£תڶĵģԴ粻ͬյĶѨ貵Ĺ硣
ÿһ磬罣ⳤӰ貣תޱȾ˵
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䣡
ƵѪܣԨѪСرǣѨ֫ٺͻ̵ա
һǧɵķ࣬Ȼǿ֮Уȸոջɱ˹иķ಻֪˶ٱ
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ԶǳС
Ҫңҿʲô
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ֻһζӣġ̳ʶУȻ
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ԨҵȺɱҵĳޣҪˣ
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Ԩ֮ɾ·ϣаʬءңֻһߡ
һλаǧģҲʥеŷɳ
ݹţĳì˷

ìһӣ籬ֱԨʶ
һλ棬Ԩ϶£һԨ֮۵;Уλа·֮һ
Ԩ֣֮ǱΪʥĻʯȴλѼ䡣
ѻǧ꣬û뵽Ȼ˵ԨȺλӦû˭ܹ߱ͨҵŹǣһʧȥļ䡣
һ޴ֵа񱻸
͸˹һҲǲĹаǧտ裬зݵޣسܱһС

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ն̨һ˿ơ
Ԩ
Ԩ֮
аkаԨʶǹüĵġֱ̳ӺúںϣӸɱԨǧɵķࡣ
Ԩƿն̨ʱƵֵʱɱС
üֻ۰ġ̳ȹ̣аȾ



ڶǧһʮ ɱķ
汲аȻЦţìԨĶͷ
ǵ磬ѭĳضĹ켣ֱԨʶ֡

һͭʵĳìΪȵԨʶ³Ƭʶ

΢һԨӰɫʶȻ£ֱ㽫ͭìıȵץġ
ȵ˳ɣܼҴܣѲˡ
ԨıССһֻͭȵʱɢ
ԨʶأһεͻȻֻǧһѵĻӰĴ׽
գ۹ʶͻֳ㱻塣
ÿһͷʶСأӰƿصʶأɱմȾܵ
ƵĻأģȻɣ
硣
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ЦŮӣеìʧȹǣٵࡣ
ﶯܹı꣬ľͣԸɱ
аǶȻ񱩣ηɱԨ
Ȼ߱ͬĹЧ
װǻơ
Ԩüĵġ̳ٴҫѩâ档
ľ𶡵Чƽľ
ٵ棬ŸողңͻȻգѱĿĻû
ƺգûһ˿϶ܹС
ͻȻüٶڼХ
Ѫа壬£ΪѪ꣬һ⡣
壡
ӴޱȵԨһִն̨´ӿҫǶѨڣϱĹ硣
ŵһֻ֣ͻȻ͵֡
ȸ˹ǿҲΪӴλаֲֻʱǧзݵĴ֣ȡſ񱩶ҵԨǲǿܣ׷Ԩĸ첲
ڶĴ֣ʹ˿̷Ԩȣһϴֵͷ˿
ŷݵĴ֣˿ɭȻѪڣиϸ̴ܳҪԨ۰ڣҪʳѪ⣬׳λаԼ֫塣
а̰ʵأԴֿԨѪ⣬Ϊζ
ؼǵãǰԨ֮ˣûô˵
롣
ԨֿЦ첲ڵľ磬ת壬ѪҺ;ڵѪ䣬΢Сı
аͻȻоڶഥ֣˿ẮıѩأаѪ
ʱԨаֻ֣սа壬첲ͻһ
Ƥµľ磬ֹǣһıǣЩֱ۵Ĵ֣ãס
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ԨʱλаͼмʲôҲûз
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ԨüĶͷվϵģλߴİ˱а񣬰˱ۻŰ˸ͭϴڷߵġ̳
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̳ͻȻһ⾧ԴѪ֮֡
⾧ҫѪâһֻɺѪۣĮؿλ˱а
˱аĸߴֻɺѪ֮£Ѫ⺡ľж˲֧顣
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ԨأŰ˱аĽ壬ЦĲ֪ߵغ
Ͻ޶ܵն̨ٴλεУӶ
Ͻ糺죬̣ڵĽ⣬԰̲Уа
Ĺа񣬳аȫֵһᣬ
Ԩ緢Ժ೾ļ䣬սϻһԨ֮ʱڵսС
һеĹаҲģӡܼסԷ֡

һΪѤõ⣬ʥѣ͸ؿڵŻ
ʥڲһаĺڶ
ʱа񣬹ϵа񣬻Ϊ˴ᡣ
ǵѤĴ͸Ȩаһ˼
İŻһֻֻͫɱķԨ
Ԩ֮ôǰǿˣ
̳߲㣡
λڴ˽Ԩ֮͵kͬøΪǿˣ
ģǰǱɱôĶ֣
аߴߴʥѵŻػߣЩǿߣҲ
ǿĳҲоõԨĹаʵԨ˿־塣
ûеkּ⣬ûеkаǸԨ
ŤʥڿҫϷҡε·Ҫ
ʥͷĵkаʬѪ⣬ԨɱѼĲ״ûие⣬Ȼذɡ
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ǽڵ磬ΪӶѨ̶أаĲ֫ٴνӻ
ʥڲѪսݱݣøΪпᡣ
ֲεаһٸҲĶ֡ǸνԨԴһɷѿĴԨȺûӿֳܹǰһǿߡ
ǰǿа񣬶ѹţԶҲ̧ͷ
û뵽Ҳһ
ҲԣϾǸԨõģʵġ
kЩźأʵ
ڰ֮ϣ߲ԨԭԴһأԨ
ǸõԨһٶ½ϷkͺڰԴԡءЩԨȺûּܳ춯صǿߣǸ̫С
Դб̹˹ֵɡ̴Ц죬вŮʣ̩̹ΪԴ㹻
ȻǸõԨ磬ҲӦıˡ
kͨһսͻȻµ⣬k߿ڡ
һߡ
ڰ֮ϵ߲Ԩײ㣬ԶҫĵطϷԨһ½أطͻޱ䡣

Ԩһ½أȫϷԴƮȥ׵Ǩơ
ʲô
ȫҪ뿪磬ȥԴ¿ʼ𣿡
ģǻôСԴܹȥ𣿡

Ԩ½ϣԨ½УսԨȺתյ춯ȫֻŲѡ
ԨȺֻǿĵһڣŻԴ硣
ײԨ飬ܹһ㣬Ѿǵˡ
Ԩ½أȴ˵еԨ֮Ժ󣬶ԴתƣǸе
Ȼûκ˸ǣ׷ʲô
Щǿаͨаʥ̤ԨڵkԨڵа񣬲Դı̹˹ֵɣŮԺ󣬵kͷЩkڵԨȺ
ûнʮһǱа˵Զ壬ҲħȺ
Դأֵõk࿴۵аǿߣԨȺûдڵ塣



ڶǧһʮ Ԩĩ
ѵԨ֮Ŵ
ǿԶҫ·Ԩ磬ΪԴ½أȳԨ
ƺƵԨƶţɼԨţܿƵԨԨ֮⡣
ȥԨȺǵ
ԨĹԴû˹֮Դ飬ǧתĹ֮ĹʯΪԨ
һ뿪Ԩٴ׹ڰ
½½أۼŵģ඼Ǳ۵ǿߣ·ڰŪˡ
Ҳʱ塣
򳬹˺ݣ̩൱½أԨԴƮʼǿܵĽࡣ
ڴ˷ڲԨǿܳţγ½ۣвԨֲԨĳ
ˣԨǿܶԳʱȴӰ졣
Ԩ·İ棬ûг̫ãΪǷǵ½Ҳڶ
ҲԴţ
ԭڶԨ½ŸߵԨȺսʿܿҲ˵kеԨ뵽Դ硣
ڵڶԨ½ص飬ʱѪȿǿԨȺԴ磬ǿܵĹȣѸٵӦ
ֻмǿߵúһʱܲסͬԨڶ಻ʵ֢״
еŻ£еѪеĻʲѡ
Դǿܣ͸ǵƤǺڣСԨʹ಻ԡ
ȻǱϾǿߵĺ׺ǱȺǿ߾
󣬵Ԩ½أĲԨ½أҲ̴Ԩ롣
Ԩ½ϣʱҰҺ
Ԩ½أ񱩶ҵԨΪϡһԨ磬㱻Դǿܷӿ롣
ԨԴǿܵı߱
ǿܼѹԨЩ½ϿգԨ½صȺӦ㣬սҲ
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󣬵͵Ԩ½أҲڵk£ͬԨɳ
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Ԩ飬Щ½شԨɳԴ磬ǿܸǹˢԭеԨ
Щ͵Ƚ׵ԨȺԴǿ˾綾
ǵѪ٣һʼΪ˳Ԩ
ʽûн׵ܳԨĳ̶ȣ˿ͻȻԨԷ׷ײ
ֻмҴߣ츳ͬǿش
֮ĸٻԨ½صķĸͣŵ쳣ƽȡ
ɵȴԶ֮ĸ
ټһԨ磬ȻޱȵĿյҲûҫ½ĹԴֻʣ޾ĺڰ֮ϣƯʮĿ½ء
ʮĿ½أŵĶͼģҰްԨȺ
Щ½ԨȺǶûȫѣӹһ٣ûбkһԵԴ硣


ħ̴ЦʶλеĲᣬͻȻʧ١
̫ʼ࣬ûбԡɨkȾȻҲգۼָ
ˣ
̫ʼһȻе㲻š
ںҲаʥӰ죬Ҳk𣿡̴Ц쾪ȵ
ءıشԨںǾ̯ġ
ĳˣһӳһڻսĳ֡
񣬺ͱʵʱӦţһֱǹͨġ
Ȱ壬أɱ˹и񣬻λı⣬ŤȾǿ˼оٶ˶ͨĿ
̹˹Ҳˣڴ˾µԥͻȻĳĬ
ʱ̹˹ֻȻʧЦûرķӦ
ڣȻںħ̴Ц죬̫ʼǿߣԪڵȾҲʧ˸ɾ
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ࡣ
Ԩһˮħı̹˹˵kӰȻܹ򣬵kлҪѲ
Դ磬бĽڣš
kȾ֮ջأҲ̴Ц졢̫ʼԨе
ڻı壬߲̳չֳkѹkûеkֳôɣΪkõ󣬷ֱı壬ҡ
̹˹Ϊĥһ£˵kһԺȥǸδ֪쾳ȴͻȻû򣬵k֮£ѡаʥӦúķѲ
ͣƬ̣̹˹ֵŤǿߵ꣬۸ǵ˼ͼ䣬ҲǺܷġkܽƻk˵ǻһַʽʵҲڻյk
kȷʵ£Ҳסkյkͷųȥ̴ЦԺȾʧıȻࡣҲ˵kǴӻʼɢ
ħֹǣͬ򦣬š
򿪼ȥһˣkνʵԨ
̹˹ĿʣĥȭأѪԴѪ½ȵҶԣǧѷĺʱk˲ô࣡

̹˹֣ߵűڡ
ಣ
ħйħĿףش˱ڣǷµĺڰ쾳
ԴѪͼԸأ˼˳ͨС

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Ԩ֮ƺŵԨڵkеԨ춯ʱͻȻͬܡ
һ½أڵkƿ£õԨʱԨԼĹǼܣǱһزˡ

У·ԶϵľӦѡ
ԨȻǵú͵kԼ
ڰ֮ϵ߲㣬Լ͵ؽ磬Լƿء
ڰ֮£֮أаʥڣǵkϽ߻档
ԨԨ֮ţ߲ԨأĴأҲӡǷ硣
ıնɱԬѪʱ߲Ԩ޼䡣
ڹȥҲܺͺڰ֮ϵԨӦǷʵֺܶ಻˼顣
һ½߲Ԩ磬һͷ뿪
ԨͻȻʶ½ظϳνԨԭ
úܽƻ
Ԩű̹˹뿪ǰǷ۲ʥͷеĵkʹаԸңΪʥɹûôװɣߣҪʱ䣿
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ڶǧһʮ 
Ԩɫ粻֪kû͸ʥ
аܱҸԪһˡ
kٴηЦ
ΰ׳аʥڿҫǣڲаɱ춯ء
Ȼаֵذȥ
Ϊ˾ȨԶԷѪаΪʳаǣܵĳĽȫ֮ڡ
kʥɱζͷԨֵ֣ĵ磬·ﾡڵkա
kһ䡰뿴Ӻݵشһ
һűĹŵĻӡӿԨĵطƮм⽻ֻ֯
ССĻӡУԼƼһСӰ

һŻӡɳ˺ݵĴ뵽ʥǻš
Ԩǧɵķ࣬üĵġ̳ĹڵĻӡɫ
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ʥǧа񺡹Ǵ죬ϵΪҴģԴѪӵִа⣬
Ѫǣ£һֱܹ໥תġ
Са񣬼ȻֺǻҲû塣
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׺ɱа񣬻Ǳk⴦ãɲԼ
аԴͺȾǣȷаΪʱаǾ˥ͲпĻ֮·
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Ѫа񣬻ܣа
Ԩ磬ҲǵkЩаǣһʥҲɲԼΪ˵kѪϡ
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ѾĺԶƾһöӡں֮ĵıӡڵk£¾£˻ǡ
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ЩԺļ䣬ʱ켣кãһʧȥĶ

ǰ
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ݣ̩ǣǳ֮ϣǿȡ
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Ԩɸߵķ࣬͵ѿ
СԺıҲƤѣü̳Ѫ壬Ժ࣬Ѩϣѷ졣
Ѫģ壬ײըѵշ϶ʧ



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ԨۣͰɪ˹аദ֪꣬аڰɪ˹Ĺƻյ£һֱײԨ֮ţŰԴء
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һħĵkֲǸû춯ֹͣ籡ǿܵġȪۡ
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Զʯ巣ԶĶں̫Ԩڵߡ
壬ڵkıӻ£¸硣k᲻ϼ沢Դ飬kĲĨЩԴ鴴顣
ǵʹҲǵҫ
ԶĻη˵


ءصԨһ󣬱ͱ׶ϵ
ļ䣬ͨһ쾳ڶȻûλԿҫǺͼʥײԼ
һ˲䣬Ԩܵй磬ڵ
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Һҵıʧȥ˸ӦkԼħԿҫײ֮ǰһԨԻҡʧʱkҵУӡʴҵ
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ԨӦԴѪĽԴѪԨЯءȥһ˻Ľ磬ͨĽһԴѪ۸صѸƽ⡰ءеѪء
ԴѪΪıˣ𡱵һѱλȡ
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ʱ֮ң
ԨͻȻӳ೾ءʱ֮ȥкԴѪĿ̫Ҳ̫ԣûұĻͣԴкУױѰԡں磬ͼһӡ



ڶǧһʮ ִ

Ԩ֫죬һưܵĺǼ̳źա
ǧɷ౻ײԺ󣬻ָԭʼ̬Ԩkʹڴˡ
ԨѪڣеkȾڲϲʳԡ
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ǸȥĿݼ磬ؼɾҲû
ꡣ
б߿ԨĵŨ
ȷǸڹԴͺڰֱԴ긴Ժ󣬰Դ꿪߲ԨŰɱԴ飬λԴƿضԷķȴȻ֪
֮飬ֻһԴ顣
ˣĸߣ
ԨЦ˼ӿ֮ȼա
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ЩȻǿվ޶ֲǰսȻ
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Ļʶ죬ڶ೬ӴʬĻ飬ǳػںϡ
ϷĻֺã˵и߶ȷԨ
ʵԨģǲѷɫԴ磬ʶֻ켫СΧ
ΧڣѵǳأʮͬǻȺĹȣܺľ֮ʯбɼɾ̫ܵĳ顣
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ԾݣؿԱߣ·𽫻ԨаͻȻ
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Դ磬ҲᲽĺ󳾣úһ
⻰һͲһ£ٴδİ磬Ŵ˷أء
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¡
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Ƿ۷׷УԨڸѵĴأɫİߵ㣬Ͷͷ̳ڵİߵͬ֡
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ԨͰ塢˵䣬㽫ն̨ͷţ֮Ѱҡ
Ԩԭеĵ飬һжȫֹ
ն̨շֻеţĿĵѰ

Դ磬Ȼ
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ءʱ֮룬ӳ೾ע£ԨЯšءıݶȥ

ء͸ʱѪܣءһ֣ķ䱡ࡣ
ӳ೾ͻȻãͨʱ֮ΪʮҲܳƽȥ



ڶǧһʮһ Ľ
һˣĽ硣
ŵǿգ洦ɼʬǣڻĽ֮ԬЩޣפڴ˷߽紦ԴĶ
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Ԩ̤ءڴԴƵİأоĽǿУкܶ׳Ѫ
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ЩĽޣѪȽ׶ߣӦöǱ˵ɱ
޵ʬƯУЩǳ֮ϣһѪãͷѡ
Ԩ֪Ϣ˷ɢûֻҴޡ
ϢԶܵǿŨںѪܸΪ档
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Ԩ֪ɴ˽ԴѪͳһأڵ顣
Ľ粻һõǨƵء
䵽ǿŰɫǳĬrؿڵʯȡһףһɫӣ㽫ǳš
ӹŵǳڣ߸ɣȣг飬ޫhȹ
һȫµԴͷġ˾ӡһ㣬Ưǳ֮ϡ
һеĬrɫƺڿǷԴ硣

ЩȥɽĲл꣬޵Ĳл꣬ڳǳ£뵽ԴͷС
Դ¼ԴͷԻûȫڳʼ׶Ρ
ڷأ޲леӡǣܻĽ
Ԩ
Ϊޫhг飬ʯɳ󣬿ԨҲڴ˷磬ԶԶشк
ҷǳǺԨɵġĬr鲻ѵ˵
λΪηô˵ˣ׷ȫµԴͷ
ǰԴͷȥ£Ľ޵Ĳл꣬Щлڰ䣬޻ڵлĽɷʽ
ԨЦЦʾæ£żɡ
޸ĴҲֻֻɽࡣ
Ĭrеʧҡͷ˵һ磬㹻ǿ飬ԺֹܳĻǳ׻ҷҲŨĻɢݣΪǿܵһ֡
ĽȻ磬ĿǰĻȫʺǨ㡣
ŹûãĬrȷ޺УԬͳεĻĽ磬Դǵ
ĬrҪȥˡ
ءڲɫĹѪ⣬ȴͻȻҵ𶯡
һѪ䶯Ѫڳڰ໥ɱײѪľŲ硣
ƬƬϼڲͻֳŲɸغʱյͣЩʱػѪ
Ѫֱ䶯ĹѪջأΪµ
ŹѪ⣬ǳеޣһᵽѪζ
ŵһŤѪǿǿ뵽
ҺⷽڻĽıأͱɱ⡣
ĬrǿǳĻûѪ壬ǲŹѪȾ
Ѫ⡭
ԨüͷһȻЩˡ
ءеѪ⣬ʵǱŲ΢ˣԭӴޱȣ±ݴ綼޴
ĽԴ粻ͬǿУ̲ŷѪϢ
ǱĻ̼ˣǼʶܵأҪѰѪҪոޡ
ԨǲˡĬrѾ˾ǿűʯֵǳ˵Ҷ϶ĿǰĻĽ磬ʺǨ㡣ԴͷҲڶʱڱ׳ɱһ
Ҫȥ𣿡Ԩ
ٵȵȣҴµԴͷѵǻۡԴͷҲһ֣оȥĬr˵
ôǰ̽һϸһ룬ҪҪڻĽ硣
򵥽ԨĬrʱֿæµ
ءĽºХͷ䶯ĹѪ⣬ͷų˵ĲҪʳĽ
ʯǳƬһһ
һְֻڡءı㣬ܵŲڷǾŸεʱգ䶯Ѫ
һѪ⾫ܣȥڻĽг۳ңڶѪɫ

ڷɳģ̽Ľ״ѪܣȡĽǿܣһ͵Ѫɫ籩
ÿѪɫ籩תϴкɣѪܡ
ĿȻ
ڽ˶Ѫɫ籩УܿѪѪѪ⽻֯һѪɫӣŨѪܡ
ЩѪܾۼڣ˲ָս׹⣬֫֡
ˮĳС
Ľ粻ʺħԻ˵ƶ֮أִĽ磬
ͬΪԴѪˣҵһԬ룬ʵʺϴ˷ءԨ򣬲Ц

ءеڷײžŲ磬ƺҪɳһζ
ʧȥһ첲Ԩ֪ЩƲȺݵľҪӴ
һɳءڻĽֳ֪
Ԩ
һͷ׳˶ɽİ׻ɱƱŽ¡
̤ŰպХԱѪɣ֫졣
ƺոͻΧһȷѪ꣬ѩɽ͵֮ϣۿɼ˿ڡ
˿ڣ뵽˽Ĺͷݵİɫ컢˿˺ۡ
ԨһĳӣȻڻĽı֮س֣컢ͫйâֲɱϢҲƽôˣڻĽԬսս𣿡



ڶǧһʮ ͷʣ
ݵ컢ϲ
˺ۣȴսⰻȻĿһ磬У·һ̾ͻɳ
ĽѪܳǿͣʱ˿ӿ롣
Щ˺ѿѪУµѪ֯ۿɼγɣ߷˿ڣ
˵ĻָŻĽǿָܹܿ
ֳԭʼ̬ɽ֮ĸëֱĸ룬˸űĽâ
ЩëմȾǣӦЩɱĶ֡
Ӵ·ɱѪİУ֨֨졣
Ԩһڶ飬ŰڲŹͷи
컢׷ɱ¾֮ڰŲпѪȣΪľݸУն޵Ѫʬǡ
ڻĽ֮Ԭޱ֫⣬ںڵѪ飬Ӱڶ˳ȳζ˱ǣԺо綾
о綾Ĵ;Ы컢ûһ£ȡʳ֡
˭׷ɱ㣿
Ԩȹ̣ɽѹġءһ
һͷ񡣡
컢ȾѪݣûлΪ˵Ĵ㣬˵ʱǻѪڣȥܹٴθҲûдǻ
ԨȻû뵽սҺսİɫ컢Ȼѡ˱ܺϧ
µġءЩᵽѪζײ硣
ɫĹѪ⣬䶯ţͷųŤѪǿĲ
컢ģЩо綾Ѫȱ˲ˡء͸Ų絽ˡءڲСء
޴Ѫ⣬ڡء֥飬涼

컢ҲѪеŤӰ죬ʧأ̰ͫҹâ
ͺһŰֱء
Ԩв̯ƣһѪǽڸ֣컢µİƶס
Ѫǽ򣬱ΪܼѪ֯񲻿ɺķ
أʯѪɫǽȻɣϼӹŷ컢ͨУײƲǽڡ
ʮһһͨĽǿ
ѪУԱΪС
ڻĽ磬Դǿ
ͣ
Ű컢ɱ֮ɵľݸУѪɫǽڡ
ǽں
컢
ԶԹϵѪտ񱼡
һͷѪǾ̤һ׽ʯͨĿɱڡ
һλʮ
һͷƱϵĽɫ·Ϊһɫ磬Ʊ·ڽɫ纣УҲ߳
һ๷ѪģĹ죬׽Ǻ顣
Ѫͷ컢˺ҧģԵĺǲ̺ƴζ
ѪǾ󣬽Ʊ๷ʮҲˣоѪԬǺη
ʹˣֻҪ֤ǳȫҾ߱ЧԬܸǡ
ˣ
ءеŹѪ⣬λĳ֣ͷųĲΪˡ
ͷҲԨԴѪѪӰ죬ֳͫ컢һ̰â
Ѫ⣬翴ζʣڳĿˮƴس˹
ԨȻûǡ
ͷ񣬺˳ͻ˾Ų磬뵽ˡءڲΪָͷС״ޡ
ۣۣ
ŹѪУɳڰ໥ɱеıΪѪеıϺ»صѪС
ǿ͵Ƕͷ
գ۹򣬾ͼͷ롰ءĻĽ񣬱Եͷʣ
һٺ󣬻ζȥײ硣
Ƿ·оˣ컢ŤӰ죬Ҳ롰ءڹá
ĿһеԨﶼе㷢ë
ͷĽΪءζƴؽȥȴЩʳ
ûһķ
ͷʧˣ䶯ĹѪڣǶöСӣѪ̲ص

׳ɽ컢˻ţɱѪɫǽڡ
ʧȥǵ컢УһΪѪɫǽԺ󣬾ζ
ǽһֱ컢޷ͨУġ
Ժ
ءеŹѪ⣬ۼ컢ٳûнָֻƽЩҲأ»صѪڡ
ͷѪ컢Ҳһǣ»ָҡ
Ѫʲôֲ
컢ȻС
ʲôݵʱҲͷ³ʱͻȻе¡
ͷһӴڡءнָͷСת˲ʳɾ
ͷû¡
ҪǱԨţҲʧ״̬½ӣһͬ³
ʳѪ
Ԩһ䣬ȴû˵壬ĽҪɽҸɽڵԴѪһЩ

Ѫܻİƣʧ컢
컢ҡһ䣬Ϊ׳󺺵ģԨĿ¶Ľ磬ǴŪԬɣ
УⶫҾú˽ԴѪǽѪ⣬͸˽ԴѪȡҪĶ
ǡԨҡͷ
ҿԴȥɽ뿴ɽ֮ϣԬһͷͷײӣ컢Ц



ڶǧһʮ ڰ֮£Ų
ʵԨŻ
һҫʯ̨ⷽȥХĿĵѰ
ͲСţѪܺʶ֪أʱ棬̾ĻԻ͡
Ҳųɷħɢ
ǿ磬ôֲĻ飬ȻҲ޾ʱС
пѡ
ƬƯڸ߿Уͷŵ
ǵսΪʹԨûйԴǵʶѪܣҲǿ̬
ˣ㲻ż뿪𣿡
ЩǵأԨϣ𲻶ɫߵ㡣
ԨԴֲȾڳԨ֪Ԩλսʵһ̶ûͣ
ʱû¡
Ԩ̧ͷī񷣬ҲҪԳеĺڰ
ϷĺڰУҵǰ·ܻԴͺڰأȷķ
ǰԨȫûзֻǱλ
ٿľӦڣ̹˹Ҳڴ˷ĳ
ն̨պХ˵ĻʶѪɢݿʵԨĴѰ١

ڵɷħҲŪһֳСĵ͵ȽɷħΪ۾۲˽쳣
ǳƬΪһĻ飬̽ӹܳ
ŵ磬Ȼ飬̫˼ˡظ̾
ǸոմһֻĻڷɳǾ㸹һء
ǷУ̬Դ纣Ƶ麡ǣ˵ǻȺھ㸹硣
㸹أǧ࣬ڶɺԵĺ
ûˮĺ׺ͺףɺ͸౴ǽ˸ûʵĹǸ񷶥Ƕıʯ顣
Ȼǽ㸹粻ãֻ磬ĳֺ͸ţѸٵرѡ
Ͳٷıʯ飬һ˿ĹǱʱɻҡ
Ƶ磬ͬĳѾľ
Ҹܵ˽ľ
Ҳ֪˶ãһԨͨʶе̳ھ쵽ŨŨĲľɫΪ֮һ
ŽӦʱľеĲľԴ飬Դ飬ȻҪ
ôˣ
Ҳ𵽴˵ˣ
͵kͺˣɶ

ԴУڲ֪Զһ̳ѶϢ
ԴߴߴԵСĽƺ¿˵k¼kΡ
ȼ˵
˺ܾú
ԨʵԨٴμӴĽľľܶҶÿݻƣƺ̫ĲľûܵõʱĲ䡣
Ԩ
ۼװƤɳСأ¶֫壬ƤµĽ˵ѣĿ׵硣
ƾˣʱ¡ִ顣
ͫ򣬷·һۻܽɱ
ٺ٣ҳԽκ׿ʶʸ񣡡
緢Ͷ䣬׵硰֨֨⽦䣬ƺûȫƿ
Ԩ֪ǿ󣬲ľԴ࣬ʵԨûܹԴԽľҶݻơ
ǳȥˣϷĺڰĻУоŲĽûƽЩͻزǸڰ쾳
ľԴʶԨԺ֡
kԨkѾ˳ԣԴ鸳򣬵kΪѪǺ󣬽ľϿշȥ
ڽľҪ񷶥ʱŲͻȻ両ֳ
пֲѹͻȻͷţжĿϼŲϳɵkԴ͸Ĵء
ľ֮·ǾŲ£kԴ½ԹΣγײ˽ֺ
һ磬kԴ鶼ûͻơ
ڰ֮£Ų
Ԩݡ
ʵԨı壬Ͼϵܾã֪ЯšءѪѾִĽ硣
֮ǰ̽ءʱһ첲ľǼ¡
ؼǵãءѪĽҲǾŲ㣬ЩײʱҲϼš
ǱͬľŲҪⷽ뿪ҪƵǾŲ
ԨʱȻ
ಣಣ
ͻȻԨĸ߿մ޻긡֡
һѪǾһͷƱһ๷
ǻĽ
޻ǣ޻ٿһԨ֣Ϳʼɢ
ͻȻͳˣǡɾԨͷĺڰգ޻ΪԨ쵽ˡ
Ľ꣬ôͻȻ
Ļɻ޻ɢʱæ̳ü֣Ѳķʽҫ޻ꡣ
޻꣬Ԩɢļ죬Ѹٳ˻̡
ǵĻ֮ܵڰĻǣûмŲʧϷĺڰ˺ڰеŨܡ
Ԩɫ졣
޻ɢǰԡ̳ѻ֮׽һĻ䡣
վڡءԼбһѪɫǽڵ£ҲȵҪ롰ءİɫ컢
һİ磬Ϥ磬ǻĽ磡
Яšءȥ˻Ľ磬ͷĽ׷ɱɫ컢;УءеѪ롣
޻꾹ȻԨ
ˣǷʲô
ɫŹ֣ѯʡ
ոǿߵѪ⣬ᱻֱֽ֡ǿ֮󣬻ܷϷĺڰ֮ءѹǷ޾ĺڰУôĻܣΪkһ֡Ԩ૵
ľԴ飬֪ءѪĹ죬ߴߴس
循Ҳ֪ʲôĽӦö˻ص˻Ľ硣˵ĵطžڻĽ磡
ţǾڻĽ硣Ԩͷ
Ȼһ𣬡ôܣôܣ
ڵԨԨԨԴ綼ûнĽˣ޻Ϊλ֣ץƺʵ
Ԩ򵥽һ£˵ˡءĴڣŹѪҸоŲǿͨġ



ڶǧһʮ ҵ֣
Ľ硣
ԨءͻΪε컢շţԴĸɽȥ
ȺǻƵĸɽĽƺΪ컯壬ԢΪ֮컯
ɽԴѪԭгĴ֮鰵أ䣬޸컯ȷʵ߱컯֮
Ϊ˵컢ѪܻԶԶǰ·ʹԨ룬ʼնԸء
ͷ³ء컢ԣǺˮޡ
ͨĽ̸Ԩ֪ԦŷһڻĽѰʲô
ڻĽһǳٳһƬЩ׷ޡݾӡ
ǰ뿪Ƭſٵķܴ˽Χ
컢ûܵȵĻع飬ûеȵŵĵ
ڶ컢ɱͷ񣬴ǿߴӷͻΧֽǿЩߡ
ôϣǿܹ
׷ɱЩ񣬸ԬѾԶ֣ڻĽ׷Ų޷ع
˵컢ھ⣬ԵļʹǻĽ֮ȻҲܴȥ
ңһͨԬսȡǿ
Ųĳݺġ
֪ԬԴΪ컯ɽɽڵԴѪȷأͻĽϢϢص
ΪԬΪ˼ѹԨѰ컯塣
Ǻ£ʱʱ㡣컢Ȼ
ŵĹϵܡ
컢ΪţʵĲº׷ߣ֪Ѫ
ϣ컢ܵԨĻϢûбŸı䡣
£
ĿڡءһֻḧûԻľŲ磬ͼ̽аصԨ̧ͷ뻹𣿡
ֱ׷ĺ⣬еУǿ޳ɳǱǰ˵о귽棬ѾԬµֻɽ˵ɱֻɽ򡣡
컢Ĵ滳ɣȫû⣬ںݣԴԴ磬ûмһλޣһ⡣ҾЩƵģֻڵİ櫣ǰ̫ˡ
컢ҡҡͷ
˼ʺǱȴħ񱴶̹˹ŮҪڡ
ħӣǴħ뱾ģԴࡣ
ͻȻ䡣
Ԩָ⣬һѪĻ֣иֳĬr
Ĭr𣬼ԦءѰɽȥ̽ĽǿǰȻдѶĶ
ĬrǱߣһѪѪߴѶ
УĬrǿűʯסİɫǳ⣬ɽʬ洦ɼеǳһȫµԴͷڿա
ԴͷӹڿУ£Ůʶ޲лꡣ
顢ޫh߸ɰĹԴͷβм䣬ָʹһڹγΪΪϸ֧ǵĹ깩ԴͷеԵá
֪
Ĭrڻнڴ㣬ûнĽ磬Ǳ񡣡
ءͣ£컢ǰҲע⵽˻ڵ״
粻ϵΪһκ觰ѪѪԻĬrĬrɢݵĻ֮컢Ҳ֪
컢֡
£
컢ͻȻߺȣͼǵѪУܴڵע⡣
ϧֻС𡱵ĬrǸɫ磬ͨ빵ͨ
컢Ŀǰһ컢ȥ컯塣һȥ컯壬ֱȥһԴѪһԴѪҪԨе
á
Ĭr˵ͷƬ̺˵˵ˣĸףҲڲú컯塣㣬տһ컢컢Χɱˡ
ԨɫŹֵؿ˿컢
Ĭr˵ʲô컢ʵ
̷ĵҲڲúǰ컯塣Ԭ룬ûڻĽɱţտһ㣬㱻ΧɱԨ
컢һȻЦŵͷ˵Ҫ컯壬һûнԬ׷ɱ¡ٺ٣СѾͷƣһᱻΧɱ
ʲôԨʡ
Ĭrʶ뿪ˡ
ѪеĬrЩںݵʱͨԴͷõֻͨһֻǵĻ֮ء֣Ҷĥ͸ȫµ֣ʶŻʱȻͱӦ
ͽ룬뿪뿪Ҷ֪ķλ
ĬrƣΪ𡱵㣬ڻĽĳ
ŵķ̫ܣ㲻ؽ黳Ԩο
һһǰ컯塣
ĽԴƣڶ򹹳ɣ조ءִһİֻʮСȵǳϤ⡣
ӵĸɽʯУѵĴϣĹľԣ鲼޵ʬǡ
ȻŮ˵ء
Щȥޣûɭ㣬Ϊνܻʬֻǹڵϡ
еǿܣѪʻƺһȡ
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ŮʣͨڻĽ粻ɢøΪǿֲ
뿪ԺʳǿڵһǿûлԣԨ컢ǿߣͨ˽ǿѪġ
컢üͷһĻֹϢʴѪ⡣
Ľ磬Ϊɱޣ
컢ԨĿУ֪ŮʵĹǳ޶ʬǣ鲻ơ
Ľ԰ҲűǻȺཫԬΪ
ҲһЩ޺ǻȺԬ£ҲԬĵȣֻڻĽƧ
컢֪ݵԴڻĽ磬ЩȥޱһȺ
ôޣŮʶȻ
Ԩûרעؿšء˼ŪŲ
ŹѪʱ𶯣ǿǵŤȾҵƵİ취
ŲһʱյĴϤǲܻ
Ų㣬ֻһ㣬ѪӦû⡣
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ûо
㱻ֱԽĽ磬ϼɣķѸֱλÿ£
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쿴ϣ
Ĳأն̨ϼУָŷƱõĺڰĻһֻ޴ĸ첲͸˼µĺڰһʱ
Ӵֱۣڰŵ飬ҪɱһĲ
ֱһ֣ڰ֮µľŲʱαΪΡ
ϼ죬֮ķŤ֯ϵУɢ塣
Ų
˭ڳΪʲôͻ֣
ľԴ۹ֽС

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ֻ߲֮
ֻ֣ڡءڲСس˴ûԽķûðʧش롣
ҵ֣ڻĽһֻ֡



ڶǧһʮ ڶȪ
ԨڻĽһֻ̽롰ءֱȴԨ֡
Լĸ첲ܲϵá
ޱۿĶغͰ岪ȻɫΪͣһ
֣
͹󣬰һ͡
ˣҵ֡
ֻڴͣ£ðʧǰȺϼۣӿ
ԨԨ֪˿ڻĽ磬ڻĽȴ֪ʧڻıĿǰںڰ֮µԨ
ȻҲ֪ԦŵġءڱԨľŲ֮Ľܹϵ
ޱۺʹᲦϼ⣬Ťǧϸ硣
֣ӻĽ쵽𺳵

ͷ£ŲֳķͻȻͷųޱѹ
Ԩַȥطģ֪磬ųѤԡ
дո֣һ±ɣһƬӣƾնչ졣
ǳ·磬ҫİԨ
âȹ֮ԴͷŵĻҪ񷶥ĺڰڲס
ľеĲľ֮ͻȻ۹ֽС
Ĳľ
֦ҶݻƵĽľһؽط֦ɣɫââٱƶѤõĻȥ
ľ֮鱻ЩԨֻ۵Ĳ̼
kǳĿϼ⣬k⵽͵kصȻ
ͣ
ľľâڰĲУܻľأصѪ·Ҫˡ
λ峤Ѿ֪찵Ѱһ꽨ľ
âڵıĹ⣬·𿴵ؼµĲľ壬޲ýӡԺ뵽Ѫ

ɫľâйžâ磬ûԨ񷣬ͱޱߵѹ顣
ӴľҶֹݻƵĸ࣬ԭͻƲӲӵҶһηسԣΪĩ۳
ľһήҲ
վһɵֽеƲģͱһδεسˣ˺ˣ
Щ磡Щľ磡ӦһһԴ飡
ľԴļԨüĵġ̳𣬸ԨkΪμ
kԴ飬˾ŲΣûƿµһ㣬û״仯
ǻĽԨһ֣ۣ̽쾰Ƶ֡
ӶõkˣھŲڣȻвľ̲أ
kؼĲľ֮飬вľkϤǱȻһ͵kһµĲľ֮顣
Դ鲢Ψһ
Ͽ߲Ԩд֮ĸĽҲд֮飬ԴѪԴ꣬ҲΨһڡ
kȻԸΪkΨһ;ԡ
ԨõЩľ磬ܹɹҵĵȽ׾ͻơԴͻƣ򵥿ݵķǼ沢ͬԴ飡
ľ֮εkĿµͻƣܳΪ߼Դ飬ܰǼһõɣ

ŲеĲȻϼʱΪºǳʱΪɫɽտߺصĴأǳҵĻơ
ϼ׷ֵֻλÿ㣬ֳĪĵ
ľˮǣһɲٿǵĻ
ԨԨۣܿϲľ֮һĻۣһּԺ֡
·ʵؿԨнľˮǣһλԴ飬ȥԨ硣
ֽѶŵԨλԴ飬ֳ
ǹһĺĸ
ǶԨԴ沢ˣȫԨ־ʧֻвд˲
ǵȵطֲڰ˲Դƿء
λԴ飬ټʵԨԴ꣬ͬյľŲ
ÿһǲ֣ĵҲḡ֡
Ʋġ
ԨȻ
ͻȻˣֻõ˴Դ鸳壬򿪾ŲԨ߳
ġ̳߲㣬ΪľԴǡԴѪԴꡣ
Ȼ˴Դصļ°أֻвľԴꡣ
ˮգ£ǣֻմȾٲְɶӦԴ鸳裬ȫ
ĿǰƵǾŲ
ܹҵȱʧֵͬԴ飬õԷļ¶İأϣ⿪

Ľ硣
Ԩ̽롰ءֻ֣ϼۣ緢䣬Ϊǳľˮ
ּµĴλԴ򣡡
ԨҲ
ҡҡͷ֪ƿءľŲ˵ˣǱҲ첻
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ĬĬ롣

պ
һ򣬡ءƮŶʱͻȻһױĿ
Ԩ
컢
ֳ촸ֳ֮Գ˫ȼķŭ֮档
ԳһƬѪۣ顱ðѪݡ
ѪԺ󣬻ŨѪɫ뵽Ѱ䡣
ȿȣ
ԳѪ
ѪɫŲŮЩǿƻอ١
ֻýЩѪӣ˳
ЩδɺԵѪУ˲ŮĻ棬еںܶʱ⡣
Ǵ˷Ĳ񣡡
Գһ߿Ѫһ߱ŭ컢Сףǰ㣡ѡҲ㣬ϾҲ񣬺һ֮ѪǽֻԣһĻصĲĽ磬ⴥҵ̵ߣ
Գŭ촸˶ǳ˺
Ĵˣҽͣ
컢ɬ촸գڶ֩Ŀռ϶䴦ڵжӪη㣬
ŵкܶͻһԳ࣬ЩԳ໹ڽڳ̬ܱ䡣
˵أԬͻһأҪʵԳȺ
һֻĺᣬԾѪЩǳؾ׼ĳһء
Ůʵĵǳӭ
ȿȣ
׳촸ԳԵǻദһŨܣͻȻ䱬
촸¡һڡءǰһأʧڵص
ȫ촸
ۣ
ԳǻƤ޳ɡ״ġըһССС
תԳѪ⾫ܣʱϢ
ʢת䣡
Ԩɫ䡣
ССУͻеġȪۡΪƣԳЩܵѪǱδ֪ڶˡ
Գ㹻ǿСڣһ
һ¡Ȫۡ



ڶǧһʮ ݻ٣
ʲô
컢ԣؿԳؿڵУܵһŨҵ⣬߿Ů뿪ˣʴĴ˵Ѫ⣡
ó컢ԲŮС
Գǻ˿ѿһӰĴһССУըġѸٵطŴ

ǿУкƺƵϢܵǸССӸ۶
бٶȸˡ
ԳأصشϢͫоĿȡ
ޱأĴܱߵգ·Ҫץȥ촸Ծ޴ɱԼ̤֮·
յ㡣
кأ˵Ļɫ
ܵȾ
ĴˣĴˣһѣҷʲô𣿡
컢ͷλֱԳŪͿˣأɲŮʰţаȾԳ
Գ״̬͹Ź־ֹδģδ
ԨһͷԳѪ⽥ãԽѪ⣬õԽ졣
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ѵѪ⣬ֳѱϵģѪ
֯ѪѪ֮أԳĿ֮һֱǰη񣬻мͲε־
ǿģڵѪ;ǿŴС
ѪⱻѣѪĶѣڵ
֮⣬ǻͻֳĹǺϣѼصš
ĳִڱˣǺеţȾѪתʻѪ⡣
費ŮʣǿķţԳǴ
ԳѪ⾫ڽݽߣصҲή
ƫƫڴ˷򣬱޴ڵǿЩŨѪܣڲŮ뿪󣬾һʱת
Գɣ亦Ϣҳжȥ
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컢ͫͷսİɫ컢֪ʮеҲ֪һɢȪ䡣
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컢ųɱİƣ컢֮ǰײ򽥽ѵС
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ԨԼһ޴Ŀݹǡ޹ǣɫذףһСİ׻ǧڰɱ
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νơ컢ԴǿߣŷɥѪأѪɱ֡
컢еЩжߣԺɱ⾪Ľơ
Ԣ⣬ҲŽ֡
ۣ
Գǻеɢ·һޱ֮š
вʳǻѪعǣؿڵĿѪĿݽߡ

컢
ЩԳǻӿȥģһǺӵɱϢİƣȫΪɱ顣
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컢ŹѪƻ󣬳šءȥʱҵŤûܼơ
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䣡
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컢Ŀ¶мûͻƵѪʱսںݺǺ١мΣɲĽѣһġ
Ԩͷʾ⡣
ɣڱǰһΪշңеĽ󣬶ܹĶݡ
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಻ͬһ޶ʹģҲᡣ
Ԩɫž޲Į򣬻мУĽĻ棬Ҳû컯ҹȥǰԴ龡ǿܣĨʱںδ
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컢ȻĬ
Ԩٶ˵氲ֵġءͳŹѪ⣬૵Գڵǰ񱩶ʢѪȻû춯׷ɱ컢ͷ񣬼ԳǿȴҴɢŤ𵴡
ĥԳͷĲͬ
֪ܿԵɣԳڵĹͷѪ⣬ŨŨ໥ͻԳѪѾۣðǰɣ
֪ŹѪ⣬ֻʣ´ԭʼܣûǻۣԨԹԵѯʡ
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Хޱ̲аתΪа
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ŵڶߴľԳأ컢ɱ֮Ѫİ׻ɱذɿ
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⡣
Ԩһ컢ûͷԳѣҲ뿴һµȪۣڻĽ֡
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ԨɼͷԳ벻֪մ߽磬Ԩؾ
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ѪƱۻǻĽ֮Ԭͣһ챦
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컢ȻܾжңҲᱳ

Գջѣ峤ǻĽͳܴ֮õ޵㽫һξѪսܸСףҵģ
ȻȰ˵컢ֻҡͷ
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Ԩʹ˵
ţͻ޻ΪšԳף̫㻹ô˽Уֻ׽˵

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һУأһֻ䶯ѩײϳ档
ʷʵĲϳ棬ԨͷעӣǿŲϳ棬оܱĵ
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ԨҲܵУȵԬŵ棬ԻĽ֮Ҳ롣Ĵˣ컢Ǿȥ컯壬ҪһԴѪ

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׼ָԨԳһε˵ȥ
ԨȻԬ˼
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Ԩ˵ͷ֪̬ˡ
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ԼʵԨӺڰڳ
ԨȻãԼ
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տɫ󺣣ʶͷתͻȻֲ嶫
ǰǳתΪһƬȻǺͷ
̧ͷһƣƬ·̲޾ǺгҵĴգһԲ£۾ҫ̨
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ͷۻ֮ʣ˲ľ֮֮飬ߴߴļ
ǾŲڰӡ̳УһǸܻܻļһｫŪԨΪ
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Դ飬Ѿоk֮ĴԿϿյķ磬ҪΪŲһ֡
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̹˹ЦһγʧԺطƺ֪Ʋˣִŵ̽ʵԨ
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ڰУħ񱴶̹˹źصĳͭףɫˮħڷ⡣
ⷽûӰ죬ħͫںڰܿ
޴ڵĴܣĵҲڡ
ߴﵽʮһͨԨ조̳ķʽһħڴ뺣
ԨԴ겻İˣ޾ڰԴ顣

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ڷı㣬һâ⽦䣬Ⱥһſͻ֣ɡ
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̹˹ͷkԨ߲̳֣ƽʱ
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ҲԤгԨԴ꣬ҪԨ߲̳ȥ׼һŽȥ
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̹˹룬Ҫ̽ʵԨԥ˹
ʱڴ½գüģªĺڰħڵľɱʮĿ½ϵԨȺ
СԨȺڰħ˺ҧʳаɱսʿҪҰ̡
ֵһСĻ棬۷ںεأŶŻġ
Ǳ̹˹ӶԺڰħĲбоûжо
Դǿգ壬ħԨȺռءֵĮؿڽָΪڡ֮ءϷͻȻӽ

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зɳĺڰħٿһֳ˲ͱնɱ
Ϊף㵱֧Ҳʹźͺսꡣ㣬ǵѾò̫ˡ
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ᵽڽնʱ㳯Ŵ֮صȥ
ɿǰУڵصŪ޴󶯾
̴Ц첻ڰԴûме壬Ϊֵȡ
ʮϢ󣬵ص׻ָƽֵͷŵǵĮȻ½صװ档
ͨնɱħǵ⣬ص׵ʴĥ
ЩڰħҲǶЩԨȺĲɱԨܻʽСӣһЩ壬类۴ӵ߲½ؽ뿪ЩӶûǵԨȺ޹أʱĴˣ
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ֵɳĬƬ̣ԴЩĹΪսʿҲڱ¾
̹˹΢΢üȻԨĶ˵ħԺһҪСģҪúԴľкԡ
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һֵ֮ɵ֣֮
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ӡǳĽɽħĿ޺̮顣
ȥһ㡣
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ѡǰĽ磬컯ѰƾˣƺڻĽɱ䡣
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ɽĺȹͷѰж䣺ԴʱһģǶѣҲţڻĽԺ֪Ķ׼ȷλã
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ԬҲ컯еԴѪ֪Ĵڡ
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ܶ񣬿ԨĿ˳ޣغĿ־塣
ǱԨɱԼĻ棬ԶԨ̡
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šءɳīԨšءı㣬ؿŲѤõķ֡
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ԨܾãŹѪľŲ磬ڱĳԽŻһֱڡ
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ԨһѪȻ춯׷ʧط񣬶ʱȫڡءԴѪý̸
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Ԩ
Ԩ
Դ飬֮ĸѰͬʱѶϢʶ



ڶǧһʮ Űݷ
ȺǻƵ컯壬ǿڶ࣬Ԩһī춯ص˻֮⡣
һŨҵѪɽԵ˶ǳݳͼвԨս档
ԨڡءһЦ
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һͻȻð֣𺳵ؿţԨŪЩѪɫ籩Ҳ
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һҫǳ컯ɽ۵صѷա
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ǹ֮ǣй֮Դǻۡ
Ԩ̧ͷһŹ֮ԻһλСŮഺޣ䡣
ŮЦԨҲĽ𣿡
ǹ֮ԴԻɬǵ˵Ǿ߱kõ𣿰kһøǿˣҿӵ磬ȻҲɼŶ
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컯һһɽڲʶͻȻٵ֮ϡ
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ѳмԴ飬߼Դ䣬𼶱
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һ޴ʯ컯شѿ죬뱻ԨѪܣЩѪɫ籩
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ҲĽ磬ĽҪҡ
ԨûԴģŵĴ֮ĸֻ͹֮Դ齲һ۽£˵һԴѪҪkС
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ҪѪ壬㶼־ǸԴԿ㹱һиҡ

Ԩ
컯ڲĽĽͳһԴѪָʹ˻Ԩߡ
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ЩԨһҲҳ
ԬĵߣǻĽˣײչĴڣһչˣ񼣺
ԬԶᣬҲΥ

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ϸѪɫ磬ԽٵԬͫϡ轥ܼ
컯ɽ⣬ͻȻѵѪɫ磬̲ػĽڶѪУֱ۵س֡
֮ڣûΪСŮĹ֮Դ飬ͷԹɽڲ
컯ǳ̾ϷţΡصĸ߷롣
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ڻĽĵλ͵ԨԴ꣬Դ൱
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Ѫɫ磬Ԩ񼤵ֻЩѪɫ紥ֿɼܱǣǡ
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ÿһѪɫ磬Ǵ˽ԴѪԴ֣ҪĨͷڶۼڶѪһһʳ
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п־ǣÿһ޴Ѫ쳤ޣڴԨǵǣʧڡ
Ԩ˴Сĳ֮ؽߣ죬ѷ첻ס֡
Ԩ׳ⷽɽƳܲס޾ѪҪը
Ԩ֮
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ԨĽľҵġԴͷ
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ԬѪٿһ㻯ΪǧɸߵľԳ
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ԨڿЦǱǣ̼ǧɸߣ൱
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ŵصġءĿǰġ
ǾŲֲĽؽľˮǰּµԴһԨԴƿء
ĽԴѪ֮ĸ֮Դ飬һڵص׺Ҳʱ롣
Զû
ǼλõءȻҲⲻԨȻȥġ

յѪɫ磬һһץԺڡ
ӴǣƤһؽҫĿѪǵɣȹĺɽ򣬻ͷԳܸܵ
峤㵽ôˣ
Գѻ촸˷ӭս׼
Ԭ״ѣʼΪԬ뵣Ԭ벻ڻĽ°ɣ

ֻɽ򣬻мԦǳԶ컯Ҳڹ۲Ԭ롣
һԨǷ
ҪԬʱԬӦüʱĽҲûһطԬĸӦ
ԬֻǸ߲õѪΪ֮ˣ
һֿܣЩеǡ
ϧǵʻ޷õ֤ΪԬ߻ΪԳѪҲʶռС
ǵĿߣأҲԨ
·ҪĴ𰸡



ڶǧһʮ Ԭ
أ
ԬѪľԳڴضڵѪϣͷ죬อҲѸٵڡ
ԬľԳ֮س߿գͼԾԳ֮ռѪɫ硣
еѪɫ磬ԨӴǣȡԨ⣬ԨõڻĽܻȡѪ֮ܡ
ѪյľԳҪЩ磬ڡ
˿̵ȻЩ׳ζ
ǰĺԳͫѪɫؿڵ𶯣һ̵Ⱦ㲻֪زȥ
һͷԳǻݳԳһͻȻֹͣ
һ߷ͱҷЦˡ
Ϊĸ߿գԨͷΡۿԬЦûһߺʵļߣûצ
һ޴Ѫɫƾվɡ
ҫޱȣн֣͸˺سͷԬѪľԳ
籡ֽڶϸܵĿռ϶Ҳһնѿ
ͣ
ѪɫճϽɫͷľԳԳ˲ѳ룬ȻѪˮ컯塣
ɽһƬš
һʶѪˮĵطصףԬѪֱԨûʲô˻
ģͱչˡ
ԨɫĮ˳ĬԳһۣǵͷܣ컯ͻĽ磬û˭ܵһġ
ǰһĻ仰񣬺ȻһĿ־С
ԨߺͻĽ֮Ԭս൱һԴѪǵʥɱƺ˿ɵ
ԨǿףǻĽ̫
ǲǾηϴڣĤݵ飬ûôǿơ

Ԭε̾Ϣ
ڿ¶ˡ
ȡһѪɫԨüһ㿴ڣ̤˵Ԭ롣
Ԭ
û뵽ô죬Ҳû뵽ôϵִ̫֡ˣһû׼áԬ뷳˵
ǶԶ㣬ⲻǿԲ͵սᡣ
Ԭڵǰ֣һڴս仰㿪
峤û°ɣ
Ѫ֮죬ֹͣ궯ĺԳеѯʡ
е鷳¡ԬЦЦֵ൱ݣҪʵʱ䣬ҲΪ̫ˣһû׼á
ԨɫȻע⵽ԬѪУеϢɢݡ
ϸԬĹǺУδ֪š
Щŵͷ
ԬٳûдǽųѪֻû޳ڵûнմȾŸĨ
Ԭ룬һֱЩţҪٳ
ԬڴֻҪŵĺۼҲܱ˽ԴѪᡣ
ԴѪҪϾ֮壬մȾ
ҵֻˣ
ɽᵽԬϵϢ϶ԬǸովһսմȾ˲Ůʵ
Ԭ븺ˣѪûбԲųٳû¶档
˿ֳֻ̱ŮʣѵѾ
ȹ⣬òŮʣһҪԬ봦ˡ

Ԩĺ¡¡𶯣лصԶ컯ǳҡΡ
ԬմȾϢҲµԬվһѪսĲŮǳ⡣
ŭɽǺӷƱá
ֹͣ򡣡
ƣ۵Ԭ룬庬ûб˽ԴѪᡣ
ԣҲûֳӴ֮ϡ
õߴֱ𽥱Ԩǿѹ𵴡
о׶ƽ˵ԴһĽ컯Ϊúܹ֣
һŨŨ⣬·֣һȻ
һԨ䣬ǱĽ
ŨŨ⣬һȻڲŮʣ
ԨȻΪΪĽ֮Ԭ룬ǳɹҵʩеĲŮʣٻ˲
״̬£ͷżĲҲԬմȾ
ŮŪĽѹҴææҪڵ
ʱԼԦšء˽ԴѪǿжᡣ
ԨԺճϸڡ
һ䡣
ԬվϷź˵ʵ̫ƫִˣҵĶˣ;綾ֻ֮µһľǴٵġ
ԨĬƬֲ̣ǣеѪɫ磬Ԭ룬֪ЩѪɫ磬ʲôĽ
Ԭ䰵ͫǻɽ۸߿գûг䵽ģҲûнԨڵѪɫ硣
ÿѪɫ磬Ǵ˽ԴѪޱϤ
Ԭ֮·ҲЩѪɫͣ᲻֪ͷʲô
˵ʲôԬ򶨵
ҪܳɹңŤҵǣЩı֯Ѫɫ磬ͻգۼҵ񡣡
ʱҵԴͻĽ磬λԴѪӡСңٱᣬεƿˣôҲǻĽ֮
ԨЦ˵
ԬΪ֮Ĭ
ֻɽ򣬺ݵͷԳоֹѰԶǣԨ˵仰Ժ󣬶ĿԺȻ
ǲ֪仰١
һʼֻԨԬĹϵȿԬĬžԨ˵Ŀʵ
Ҫūңҵ־ԵĽ٣ٽ룬һ߸ǿ壬Ȼ͸еѪ⡣
ܶңҵ˼룬ŤҵԡóϷĸԸԶΪͨңõԴǸͬɱ䣬ԴǿԴ
һƪۺԨԬ㣬˶ʧȥĽ֮ݣ֮£



ڶǧһʮ ַǷ
֮ϣԬĲ;ûԴϡ
ڼ䣬ԬѪеںǸֵţѸʧ
ûš
Ԩͣ£ԬºЦݣҳΪĽ֮УҲԼܹܸҲӵһξѪ񸴻
ʼԸſңѪ֮Ľ١
ĺӣʲôҶٷְٷӡ
ҵְҲӦ񣡴ӵѡңҪƶĽ֮λʱҾѡ
Ԭᶨٴġ
Ԩˡ
֪Ԭǳģ֪˽ԴѪ컯£ԴѪġ
ԬǴҪɱҪԼƭС
Ϊ컯壬ӦÿԶϤԬ˼룬Ԭġ
Ԭû뷨һĽսںĽ֮˭ں£Ԩ
컯Ȼһ
˽ԴѪһʶΪͷţԬ͸ءѪܣԨ룬ԬԶѡĴˡ
Ὣ»õ壬ٴδԬ룡
ʶΨ컯帽Դ飬Ԩܹ
ԬȻЦʾľ⡣
ҿŮʡ
ԨͷҪ͸ұڣƼڲľ
ʾԬ볨ãȷŮʾڵڣһúûš
ҿͽʣ£
ɽգʣ֮һѪɫ޷޷˽ԴѪ롣
Ůţͨڻģһҵ޹ǣҵ˴ݵķ
Ԭûһ
Ԩܿĳȡʱ䣬ý޹еĨѪڵ޳
Ա㣬ô˽ԴѪ˳٣컯չǿ
ֹͣȡʣಿѪɫԨҲѪͫѪâͼڲ״
ϧԬ·ͻȻ˿Ѫɫ
Ԩڲɽ۵Ļֺ빬ģһƬѪɫ硣
µĴ
һӵ컯壬šϲļС
ɽиšءǿ½أɽڲ֡
ľ֮Դĵ򣡡
ѰͷųĹԣֹõСµġءȥ
ءϷһŴĿǳգ֮Դ档
գԲ£ȺǣѪľŲֱԴĵ򱦿⣡̫棬̫˼ˣ
ഺŮ̬Ĺ֮Դµ
ԨһͼǾŲѤõķ磬֮ĸġš֮Դ飬вڹ֮ǵԴΧš
ͣ
Ѫâɽ˷Ŵ֮ĸ֮Դ飬СѰȥŲ
Դ󣬲ڵǳľˮ׷֡
һ֣ЩԴˡ
ءŹѪ⣬ֻǴ˽ԴѪԴ֮ĸ֮Դ飬Ѱ洦
ȻǾŲԻĵԨЩԴС
ľһľ֮Դ飬һýľ
һ߼Ĵ֮飡
ǶΪԴԴ̲ŶԹԴаĵ
⼸Դ飬ȫϵصҪһԴѪ󣬾ƽ⡣
֪ˡ
ϵԬ룬ͻȻûͷûβأӦһ䡣
Ԩü˵Ҫ㾡޳˳ؽ٣֮컯չҲɣҪͨң飬ʧȥֿʱ٣
ãʱɽǣҲֳӵķƽ⣬ҵ֮˳УýѪ
ԬȻһЦôˣ
·ԴѪͨĺܽƺԨȫ֪ˡ
꣡
ԨΡߴͻȻҿȥɲѪɫ硣
ģ֮һѪɫ磬ַ׷ڡ
㲻ܲŮʵˣԬ
вûôʹԬǻĽͳߣŪҲδؾɱ
ԨһԬɫ΢ʱֵʣ뵽ҵ֮壬Ҳ͸ѪİءˣҲأ
Ǹ˷θɸð顣
м̱䳰ǧ֮⴫
һ𣬳ԺݴͷԳ˸
Ľɽĺȹ͵תǾͻ֣̿ķ
ȹ΢
ǧ֮⡣
һƬɫܺУֳһŵžͼӣֻɽĿȥʱپ֮·ſն͵Σͷ
˱ͦؽǰо˵ߣɫɭ
ŵ񹤷Ƿ£һȥĹߣһͷƤĽݻʬ
ֱ֣ܣġ
Ԭ£ȡĹߺͽݻɱˣ»޵ľܣʻġ
ʱԨ֪ںɽģĽԭû컯Ǳϻɱˡ

еģߺͽݻĺԬȡ
ԭû͸
겻ɢ
ֵʼյݣ߳Ժ󣬾ºЦݵԬ룬ŵĵƽĺ޴
ĽֵĵطҵȻҪ
űէʹâԬ룬㵱ܻǸˣɣɱҿ͸ʬҾͽߺͷϻ㡣ڣҲڣ㸴Ǻס
䣬ƬɫҦܺͷŵ컯ԡ



ڶǧһʮ 
˿̲δɫ֣ҲԯӰ
קͷʬǹǰ
һͼ򵥵Уͦ߳Ŀֲƣһ񵨲
ɫŶ;ЩѳֵǳʱϷҲҳ
ĽŵĿ־壬Ԩ֮ϡ
ſͣ£پţɭ纮ҲδԨӴͣƬ̡
ֻǿԬ룬Ԭµ
ΪĽͳߣȻˣڻûĨ֮ȿԺͻȻ쵽Ԭ뺡΢Ϣ
ǹŪЦԬ룬㲻ỹûдɣ

Уʣ಻Ѫɫ磬ҪʧԨڡ
Ԭ룬еŭһ߿ͻȻðţһŤͷԨ˳ûȡ޷ջص
ԬãŵãԨȡЩѪɫ硣
ôʬ壿
Ƭ̼Ԭûпŷüһ޳ս
أ·𶼱յѡ
أ
ʻĶȻѣŨѪ⾫ԭҺ˲ӡ
ӨǣгӯŷͲ̣ǾͱҲˡ
ʳ
ԬüԭҺڵĵ
µͻȻųѪɫΣһѪɫ̫ԭҺ
еԭҺҰͻ̼Ҫֱȥ
ڲѪ׼ãȺӭԭҺ
֨ѽ
һȳصʯţŻ
ԨۣǺʯԱߣѪɫ籩ɣ籩СѪۡͼʯڵľ
ϧģ壬Ѫɫ籩ڵͫҲԬӻ
Դ̵ȻҲܡ

еġָþԨҵһԭҺģԨ񣬶Ǳ
֪߲࣬û뵽ﾹȻ֪顣
ⲻȥԨȥԨ˵ԨԬأܾͬӺ̤࣬ĳһѡ֡
һλ֣컯壬Ԭ붼ͷ۲ѡ
δ֣Ҳ˵߱ʱ뿪գ˲ƵҼѱ¡
Ľ硢Դܴ磬Ѫ֮Ӷ죬ּεԬ룬ҲֻռϷ硣
ΪֹҲûвʹۣͳ׻ɱġ
ͣ
ԬԥʱһѪɫ磬뵽Ԩʧ
˽ԴѪԬ룬ԬƾٵĽ֮УǱԨ˳õֻʱ
ĽĿģѾﵽ뿪ˡ
ȻҪءҲϡ
ǣһ߹۲ĶһԬţʱĿ̽ɽġء

ʵԨ
ݽߵն̨ϣͰ塢أһͬ񷡣
ŲѤõķ磬Ұ֣ǲܿԨķڶǹ
ܿڰ·Ľڣħ񱴶̹˹ͽֵɣЯֲ
ӴĴ֮أӸ߿׹Ŀ½أڷ磬Ԩȴܡ
ľԴλǿȴҪ
ˣ
ɵľһƬݻƵҶϣֱͷŭ𣬡ƲҲҺ͵kȥкã
ԴĬ
һӣнľļХԺԨġ̳ͬʱ
Ĳľ֮飬͸ȥڵĲľ
ҿ˭Ӧҵܱɣ
ǿеѰ
ľľԨʶ̳ص
ԨյĽڡ
ԨͷǳԺտɫ죬֫͵ٲƣ򱶵
ʶģѣֻľԴԴ
ͷǺԲºǳһֻֻʶ̳ڵĵء
֪ռӡڡ̳Դ鷨Ųɡ
֪˶á
ججѹһɣͷǳʼΧؼС
ż磬ż磬˷ǰУһĴħ񱴶̹˹
нֵ֮ɡ
ڶĽɫɽͣǳܱӣأڱ̹˹ֵɵĽ֣ǵǰС
ľļҲú
Ѱɽȥ˻Ľ磬ϢȻ͸˵ʲô
ԨͻȻʶЯءڻĽ紳񣬸ǳɹִȺǻƵĸɽ
ɽлĽԴѪд֮ĸй֮飬һѰ
ѵǼԴҲƽŲ
ѹԨȻһ
ŲĪķ磬˿Դ硢Ľܳڵĺƽ⣬ħ񱴶̹˹ֵ֮ɣлĽļԴǿΪԼֵѹ
ʵԨ˴ɼԴԿǿ͸ҲӦӲϾ
λҪȥѹʶ̳Դ壬޷ȫֹ̹˹ֵɡ
ĽļԴ飬ԬţҲҪֳӦԡ
Ԩҷһ£
ľʵԨʶص
κԴ飬ֻҪԸŲƿصľҲ᲻֪䱻ӡҶѰ̳Ӧҵ̨棬Ĳľʼڽˡ
Ĳľ򣬱ΪŲľ֮ڼӹ̷
£Ҳڷڳ֣һҪСģ
̳һ̨汻ˣӡȥģ

ľСУ˵ŵkķ֣ԨСĵ㡣
ʱk·ھŲ磬ҲԨԴ
Ԩ
һԨʶӦڹ̨ͻȻ
㣬ôⴴصĽ磿֮壬ɽۺԬ놪𣿡
֮ԴҲ֪ںδɵkһʶ֪Ԩġ̳㿪ѯʣҿڴأҸоķλֻܸоҶӦǲ̨棬ıɣ
Ԩ𾪵ңڴ˿̵ĻĽ緢ʲô
Լ֪
ҺӦҺҲڲͬ磡
ЯضĽԴѪҪһݣԬ塣ͼԽ㣬ϧʧˡ
֮Դ齫ڻĽԨ
ԨھŲڳĬ
Ƭ̺Ԩ취ڻĽҳ޾ڰ·ƬԨұܾˣͼƾŲڰ֮µķ磬͹ŴصĴŻͨ
֮ԴĿɿڴ
˸еĵkԨ͸¶Ϣˣûع
һk˵һ̳ʶͨǲ̨棬㱾幵ͨ˿ɲ顣ڻĽ磬컯帽޷ܿԴ飬ô
һ˵ϢɽԴѪ֪֮ĸҲᶴ졣
kеΪѡ



ڶǧһʮ 

ɫܺ룬һֻӴķӰſڳŵλá
ӰϸѪâУ͸һɲçԶŵζ·Դǿվޡ
ſĿУѪ⽻̦֯
ҪͷС
̵ԭҺʹ͸㣬ſѪڣʧǻС
ر죬뵽ɫϡԭҺ
ܺϾˣѸٵƽϢȥ
ľѪѪһֻ̬ľޣ
Ԭ뱻ˡ
ӺһڻĽԴֵԴͷһѪӣӦ֪ԼԺδ
ԬŭţԴ֮Եжߵӣһֻǳ׵׵ıѣ
ѣ
ŵţ϶ǱͲмԬĸ̫Сһһ̷⽵١ҴһʼûеõϿɣûгΪĽ֮Ǳ㡣
֪Զ㣬ԹԵ
棡棡
µܺëȻļХ
ԡ
ѽѪɫɣԴ硢ĽλԴѪеԨɫ¡
ӰģǱܻƣûпݣ϶岻ǿվޣ
Щ꣬Ҳ֪ţǾһڷɫ
ǰֻܸоûҲΪһͷǿվޡ
ΪԼľѪһͷǿվޣԴ˺ͲŮʶԿ
ɸոۿˣҲǿȥӦˣڵӣǷӰûжĹ
ԴͻĽ磬Ѫӵ񣬼ȻûкͷӰ
˵Ӱǿվޣ
Ԩ˼ȥĥʱһ
ԨһҲ˲ô࣬ӴѪɫɽ͵ͻȻӱ
Ԭ룬ȻϴҾԼ
ޱʱɽնѷ죬Ѫɫ¡¡졣
صİѪܣٸ͵Ѫɫ籩ܵԨѪһͬ
Կ
ԬҲŭţֳͬȹģԭʼ
䣡
·̮ݣŤصĿռѷ˺ѸϣѪܲϱը
λʮһɽ۴֣һ¡
ߣ
Զ컯壡
ĽЩǣ໺ţ̾ǳ½شߣҳƬֲս
ţԬֳ֮ʱԨ
µƬɫͶԭأ·Ϊһɫʯ
ôãڿϿˡ
૵

컯ɽ
ءͣһ½أŨŨѪְ㣬޴ĳ֡
˽ԴѪʶŨѪ¶ľŲѤý͸ͼӴڵѪ⡣
ԴѪʶھŲԽԽϵǰС
һƬƬҶСԺѰƮ䡣
̲زľҶٿһҶϵȻ磬ͺͽڵĲľӦ
ѰҶûֲܿϮֻ𽥵رС
ֱҶΪ촷ʧ
УѰԵΪܣΪÿһƬҶʧܽػһеİĲľ
ԣһֽ
һƬƬҶƮȥĲľӡҶҶʧõһδܹĲľ
Ѱϲãǽ̺ľܵҶƮ˽
֦ϵҶܿͱùͺͺġ
ŵĴ֮ĸŵھѪһСʯӡ
СʯɫһأѤöʵĽ
ÿһСʯӣλʮһľѪŴϸĻʯ֯Ѫ
ش֮ĸŵľ·
ۣ
һСʯӲϱ飬ҲҶڽ촷ʧŵȴҫŲ̬֮⡣
֪䣬׳Ĵ֮ܣͱøɰͰ͵ġ
ÿһξѪذĳ룬ѹեŵǱܺѪܡ
Ǳᣬͷ֮ܵ޻룬ܲʹҲ֪λԴ飬ںػӻ

ءѪϷԵĹ֮ǣഺŮ̬Ĺ֮Դ飬ֹͣԨĽ
ḻĵkڲɫǾ֡
أ
С
kԴ֮ķʽͷųһɵĲ
kѰڵ㣬֮ĸģͷѪľܣ;ƿݡ
ܵģξѪ
Ƿˣһѣ
֮ԴȻ
ŨŨѪ֡ء˽ԴѪԺʶҲءƺkĺ
Ѱ֮ĸǵķʽ͸ǱӰ졣
kܱ֮ԺңƺΪkڽڣܵԨı壬ܵ˺͵kӦǲ̨档
Եkû˽ԴѪûѰ֮ĸС
ûзӦ
kȻеޱߵĿ־塣
k˿컯壬ڻĽԴѪľӪ磬ԴѪĸ߼Դ飬ܹӿԺʶĿ¡
ԴѪʶڵصףܷڶʶȥĽ֮Ԭ룬ȥ۲ɽ۵ĶȥӻĽһЩصصۡ
ȻʱԴѪʶƺǾŲѤõķ硣
Ų磬ֱԴĿǣһ޴ıԴı
kǿ޺ţԹ֮Ǵӵص׷ɳ
貶Ŀǳ컯ɽգԨͷ֡
Ԩ
kڲԨСС
ȡѪɫ磬һĥһߺԬսԨk춯һôûдǾŲ磬֪Ҫ
СҪˣ
ͷҲҪˣ
kֵļХӹ֮ǵ崫kûСŮڿ
Һò״Ԩ룬ҲԴôұĽ硣Ľ磬ҲȥˣԴ鼴ĩգ
ѽ
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ڵkУһ߲񴲵Ĵ֮ĸܿͻᱻԨɶ


ԴԨĻʶͷŴ֮ĸķ;ܣǾŲڣȻ䱾
ԨظӦЩʶͷ紩͸һڱĤ
ȻԽԴͻĽıݽǱߣһأִһء
Ҳڴʱ֪ơءľŲʵԨ񷶥ľŲͬһ
ڡءĽУεĿӺţܵʵԨķ㣡
ַ磬ӡķһµģǳͬһڵֱʡ
ȻĻʶͷԽ֮벶׽ʱȴ޼ʿɲ顣

ʵԨ
ն̨ϵа塢صˣȻһ߲ʹ֪ӺζֱԨıȥ
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ԨڽеԴź󣬾Ϊ֮һ
һ߲ʹüģȻü߲ɫ顣
СС߲ϣڶྫ֮
ھŲѤõķڣҲкʹصУܵǿСС߲Ϊ߲롣
һУµĴڡ
Ų磬ǰһֱӡԨ̳ڵԴ壬˿̾Ԩ˶ͷĴط
ڼʱڣԨһµ̨档
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Ԩ૵
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һƬǺӣڴħ񱴶̹˹ͷǳ˸ֹͬԡ
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һЩ类ԨϤ˲ľļ·򣬱׵ѡ
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ΪԨ֮ʱɱңķѡμ̣Ҳζˡ
ҺĹڣΪΪЩ飬ؽҹ
С
֮ĸݣֳɬŭǰٴŭңҾ뿴ԴѪһҵȻô



ڶǧһʮ 
ȹ㣬һֹһΡ
֮ԴԵӣ˵УֻһҶ֪ıѳɹ̳Ҳ֪ŴݻҰԴ
ΪУҿǡܾãǶԸǼһǿǸðġ
߲ԨΪ߼ԴĴ֮ĸ٣֮Դ鱻ܻǿ½ء
֮ԴԨ֮ʱڵԨֺ־ηڵkȫµԨֺԭһԨԴԿҶԿĸӳ׺󣬵kеԨ
kִܵ컯壬ܹ˳Ľ磬ҲԨڰа
kƫںԨˣǺԨ
ˣڲҪûԨ֮Ҳܺλ
̬֮Ĵ֮ĸɫ΢䣬Ǻһ𣬻Ǻˡһʱ䣬úðȻ
ȻҲ㿴ʲôε
ʯ𶯣һͨɽ۵ѿڣkⷬ֡
ȥⲿͷԴѪɱʤ˭߲Ѩҵ֮¡
֮ĸȻƯ
֮Դԥͽ֮Ƿ룬ʹ֮ĸһɽ۶ȥ
kʵֻ̬һûб߽ĹԴǡ֮ǡ󣬳񷶥ϵĶѨ
ǡ
kڶѨĥţһûб߽ĹԴйᾧkžǳ¡
ǣȴʱʧܡ
ҪܹõڣԴӡķУҲܳΪ߼Դ飬ܹʹ֮ĸһ㡣
ܳԽ֮ĸܺǿĵkǰ㣡
Ҳӵһ
kڶѨš
Ҳʱ俼ǣȥصǰأûбܰ㣬СҲֻҡ
Ԩ˼ʶЩԴڷ
еѪɫ۰ȫ˺ʵѪĤԴѪ֮š
ѪĤĵ£ʹ˽ԴѪĶΪңԺеʶԴѪɱΪ͡
һĶá

ѤõġءͻȻ컯µĿӶƯ
ھŲǰŹѪģԴѪʶʻѪӣ˿Ѳ֪١
ڣء컯ķ嶥֡
ಣ
һ͸ǳڡءϷһλഺŮͣԵصӡ
ɽۺеطѿһɹɺصĴؾܣѷ籡
һĴ֮ĸƾճ֣ͷŹ֮ǣȿصġءűԴѪѩݺ
˷أɸ
kŴɽۻصk֮ĸͨ͸ɽγһޱȺصĴų
ԴѪݺҪʱɽͻĺشų֡
ݺһ׹ء
׹صǣһԴѪʶӲǱصųţ˲ɽ뵽ǿ֮
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ݺɪɪһǡ
ÿһڶҪľ뢣Ĵһǲ
ͷԳĻĽ֮ǧɸߵΡҲɽͻĺشų֮£컯Զǿձ˹
ԳţɾǰѲ컯Ĵųֻεؿ
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һһֱֻϣϷ
컯ĴûԬ㣬ܿƵ䵽컯塣
âķĿɽ۵Ĵ֮ĸǿУȻóĬԵĹ֮Դ顣
ǣ
Ԭ뷴Ӧ̫ȷѯʣǴ֮ĸأűɱˣ
ͷǱԴѪᣬǳزԴѪ
ŴĴ֮ĸ˵Ļȴ飬ֻûˣҴĴ֮
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Ԭ뱩صૡ
߰һѪɫӣӿĿֲ˷䡣
¡أ
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ʱǻţѪˮ罦
ŮʵһѪҲû޳ǵѪʴĿǻƻѪ⡣
ԴԴѪĶᡣ
ǸļһϧѲ˵ļ֮ĸɫȻɶԨ͵kڶѨֳһԺ󣬻ʤ߶ὫΪսƷkԨĴھû壬ɡ
֮ĸ˵ʱһֱ۲š
ͬģŵķĿҲڵkͣ
ôģ
kͻȻأֻͣǺӵɫˣԴѪһʶʲôʽģԨ֮ԨҲֻǵסԴѪʶ֣ķɻ𣬶㾹Ȼܹɡ
㻹ͨǹɵԴѪʶƿˣԬ붼
kеѽ⡣
ԬΪ֮Ȼȵôܣ
ɫ˵һֻϣĽȨһȳ컯ʯų
ǰվһ̬֮Ӱ
źĵãǰԬֻɽ򣬽ݻߣڵϣŵαӰߵס
⼸λǫ˳Դŵ̬ȣȶԴԬ붼¡ء
ݻ͹߱ͷԬһȺĺԳǵѪУѪһЩʳš
Ԭ뿴˵ڵľٴ񣬱



ڶǧһٰʮ 
ԬӵޣһǴ֮ţԴصͷԳΪͬ󱲣ǿǵڶ
Ѿλͬĺ󱲣˿ڱʳ
ԭֻɽ򣬽ݻߣŵλһߵס
Ԭܲŭ
֮ԬȻãø
̬֮Ц
ݴͷԳ޹ѣѪⱻ˺ʳޱȣôãҲɱ̫ʴˡ
ںݺԣֻ֪Ҫ˵Ľڣ֪Ľ֮ͬʱȻ޷ͶԬ롣
ʵҲȷˡ
ɱͷԳҲΪԼ׼ĺ֣һʲôʱˣ͵ķȥ󣬺ɱԳȡѪ⾫ˡ
ڣõˣҲû˴ļֵ
ţ㾹Ȼﵽͷϣ
䣡
һԬѪɫӣͷԳջۣ·һͨѪɫš
ʱնѪŤңڶ౻Ԭ磬
ٽѪ٣
ĹԬ뱳յѪɫŻصݣеѪɫ磬սע뵽Ԭ
Ԭţ֪ǻĽ磬Ǳ쾳أǿ类Ѫ
ǵ类һƬֲѪɫ֣鲻ϵ
ȥЩϡŹ壬ԬòһööռԺ󣬷׸˽ԴѪġ
Щֻܹ򿪵š
ЩѪɫɱ䣬ʱͼӻЩǿ󣬶ڶѪ
ҪʱͽġѪ⡱һԵؾȡ
Ѫ԰Ѫɫֲķ˶ʵ
Ԭ˿̲ժʵٽ磬ӭѪ֮٣

ǵѪɫ˸Ԭ뱳ѪɫݳԬ
ǧɵԬ룬ٴα˽һ
ޱӴԵñ컯ɽ۶ֲޱߵ޺ȸΧ
֮ȷɣʱ¶ţ
ġ
Ԭ뾪춯صⷽǿͫ¶׷֮ɫ૵
ಣ
һī˲ƶһͼڵİʯ
һԭʼçĵĹϢǸġĵ·˻Ľϵ
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ϻƣЩίˡ
Ԭë޵ƣĦŽŴġḧֿͫг׷˼
գҪȾѪˡ
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kע⵽ڡ䵽ԬеǣͷľԳʵѾա
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֮ĸɫһֱƽkš컯ɽۣ·Ľ˺Ѫܡ
ΨΪĽ֮Ԭ룬չֵ

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һͨصݿеҲ㣬ؾ飬ʯͷ촷ۡ
ƲɵԻٵ߲Ԩһǳ½
Դʵ֮ǡҲסԬһ
û뵽
֮ĸ״θ¶ݡ
kն𣬴˿̿ԬĿ⣬ȿڳţԵûҪࡣ
k컯޼䣬kʶ;ܣ鲼ɽÿһ
kκ˶Ԭһıҡ
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kͷɽҲ
粦أ
ըѴأʯÿһ鶼ռؼʮĶŵkָЩ޴ʯĹСʯͷ컯ԱߵǺȥ
ۣۣ
һͷͷԻ֪ʵãȴȷѪԵޣkġСʯӡ׷״͸
ÿһλޣҪһĿѪ⣬ʧڡ
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kЦЦأٴ𡰳Ԭ룬ֻ֪ǳķˣѵǴ㽻Ԭ룬㲻ǱҵģҲػߣȻϲԨҸ㣡
ͷԳޱһ𡰳ʱ컯պơ
ಣ
Ⱥݺ̩ǶӴ컯壬kӯë·ûһǵǧ֮⡣
ԭȵķλŭԬšȴһ
ֻ޾Ļ谵ǿա
ҴӦԨκˣԤԴѪҲȥһȥ֮ĸ

һߣʵԨ
еľŲѤ÷ĻУԨıһڴͼҵǰĽš
˲㡰̳ѳɣͷתųԡ
ľˮǣ˴ԴγɵĵۣٽʱԾԺǰ˲㡰̳رܿˡ
Ԩ֪ħ񱴶̹˹ֵɣΪֵ˺ܴѹ
ʶ纣糱ӿ᲻ʱصϢ
εһȦһȦʼŲ磬͡ءĽ絽ûй֮ͨˡ

ͣںڰ֮£ǿӴĴ֮ǰ
˿ڵһ磬Ǵ֮أֻҪǰͻһ£ִܵﴴ֮ء
֪絲ס
嵽Ϸ޾ĺڰȳ䵽ʵԨҪ׵Ķࡣ
ʮĿ½أ֮أĸӦôĴֿɼ
ֻҪȥܻصƬڰȥȻԺִԴ硣
Դ粢ҵĿĵء
ԥ
ͻȻ䣬ڴ֮·Ľ紦ɫĴؾܻۡ
һңԶһ磬ʹ֮˸ӦϵָӦϵȻԽ˾Ųƣ
أ
Ԩɫһ
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һ𶯣ͻȻӴؾɵ컯Ԩ׼׽ͬʱо

Ԩеն̨ͻȻƷ˰塢أҲæܿ
ն̨֣Ϊһ߲⣬뵽ĻеľŲѤ÷ֱ߲ԨС
ԨеİͲؿԨ̤ն̨һɽ
ɽն̨һʧ
ħ񱴶̹˹ͽֵ֮ɣȻڷڣȻڿ֧š
ǻȥ𣿡Ȼͷ˵ȥǷڰȥˡԴ磿
ҿ͸ҡͷ
ǣɽɽڻĽ磡С
ܣɽõģǴطľҲҡͷҲ࣬һǻعԴˡ

Ľ磡
컯壡
ˬʿĴЦɽ۵ġء
Ԩն̨ٿس֣վ˳ӵı߽ǣ֮ǰǾһ㡣
Ԩʤˣôô죿
Ĭ˺ܾúܾõĹ֮Դ飬һ̲סС
ͻȻֹס֮ԴɵأԨֿС⣺壡ı
ӵպ̨档
֮ĸĿ⣬ն̨ϣkֻԨǴ͸ԴͻĽıԺն̨
kûء롣



ڶǧһٰʮһ ҵأ
k΢΢ۣȥԨܵ˴Ŀǿ⡣
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kȻɫصȵԨ֮
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ΪǰԨ˵kΪ߼Դĵkɼŵס
㣡ˣԨ֮ʱڵˣ
֮Դ黶ؽ¡
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Ԩʶڣ˲ġ̳ڲһ㼫̨档
УѪԨӡǡ
ңǡ
ݺС
ģһὫԴ磬ԴѪ½
Ԩ΢ЦʾؽţԬһͷܻ飬Ҳһͷ㾡һ㣬ҲڻĽ磬㾡ܷġ
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Ԩĵô֮ĸоkΪǿ컯壬ͻȻʼʧˡ
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Ԩһ̾һߵͷ컯·ҲԿܷ񴥼컯Ĵط򡣡
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ѹҿڳԣ˵ķԭѾԽ˵ꡣ
֮ĸ૵
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ԨԷԸ֪˵kһڵkĿ£̤ն̨ǿա

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ն̨ڡءǿǿڵԨʵԨȥѳӯ֮һ
ڸػ
Ԭ롣
ԨԱȡ
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Ԩ
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Ԭϸһܣ־ȻԨıһЦ㱾
ԳȣСԨû۵ס
̦һɫѪȫ޳ˡİɣλ޿ܴɽ롣ԨԬ뽲ʱſǻѪˮ⣬üԴѪһᱻ㲻ش
ţԬߡ
ֻӴɫˣ΢ķĿɫ˲㣬˲̳



ڶǧһٰʮ ĸ׵
ŵķĿ͸ž죬ǾӴķǺӻֹסûм֮࣬ϰСԨ
·֪Ԩ̳棬ͣºԬսԥͻȻˡ
ҡΣһƬƬɫҫѸǰգγɲ׳ǵ֡
һλεĿռѷ죬Щǵէ֣Ԭ
ԨĵֹԴԬ̬ȽȻͬ
ţҷĺܽ
ԨȻʧЦ
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еԬ룬ڼϣ翸ǧİ쳤ǡ
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Ԭ빵ͨѪɫţѾӺѪɫ˸
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ԬŸعǸѪѾͷꡭ
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Ԩ֮Ľ£һ޿߲½أʺԻ
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ԬĺԨ֮ץǺ·ѱ߬ס
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ԨЦһ
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Ԩͷ׳أƮЩըѪɫӣѪɫڵľӽԬ
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Ԩ̧һץ
ۣ
Ԭӿһȳ˱ǵѪѪѪâ㣬Ϣ
УѪѸٱ̣ΪһɫѪ
ɫѪڲصţԬ벻⣬ֻǿĨֿûĨķš
ɫѪԨͷǰն̨»Ө̨棬Ѫš
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ûб룬˷İˣɺСƷɫۣͷһϽʹڡ
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ųǰ˵̬֮ȷѾȡɹؼ
ԬҲã˽ԴѪҲգûȨ
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Ľ类˵صԴѪͳһˣΪûԴԴǣеڻĽ飬һֱԽ
ڻĽǺУܼΪѷҲƻĽǿ
Դȡأ׷ǰƺЩֵһᡣ
ͷںʱĽظ֣ĬĬطžޱ䡣

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ڻĽԴĽ֮أлＯԺŪʯĬrҪҪ֪ͨԨһ
Դˣ׼ԴǣĽ粢ʺǨơ
ڲʡ
뿪ʱʯȫµԴͷͻȻһ͸
Ĭrһ㽫Դͷʯ룬ɵ׳ӣǰ
ż뿪Ľ罫Ҷı䣬Ժᶮúúôꡣ
Դͷ
ԳԵԴͷ͸ͻȻߵǻۣԴһϸġס
һȡ
µԴͷԼ
ĬrĬƬ̣˵ͷһãǱĵȺ

ͻһ߲ʹ磬ԴǱߴ͸˽ڶ
߲ʹһ鼮ӳ೾ͷ񣬻ͬΪ˵Ƕվϡ
Ҿ;ÿУ
ӳ೾ȻЦıݽޣǰи̫࣡ҵʱշƿζԴܶҰǿߣҲƿ̤Ľ磡ǺǣЩǵأҲܽǵ磡
֪ԨǼһûõҪĶûҵŮʡ
ӳ೾򡡢˵Ż㿴Ĭrֵѯʣô
ΪιĬr
ȻǾĽ翴򡶼ãڻĽˮ֮Դͽ֮Դ飬һӳ೾ЦŽ͡
Ľ磡
ɫһ㾧Լ޵Դ֮أĹ𣿡
Ĵˮ֮Դ
ǻһεξѪɳΪˮڻĽǺƯţԶ˵ء
ˮ飬Ľ񷣬Ӧܸ֪ˮ֮Դ顣



ڶǧһٰʮ ѹԬ룡
谵ǺУն̨͸Ž׶ʥĹԣѪ̶ɵľڸǡ
Ԩ޿ײĻʶͷ磬ն̨ɫ顣
һŵǿմأĻʶͷ֪ɫڲ·ʱգѱΪŵء
ССɫ飬Ԩʶ͸˱ûء
ЩأİģξĻ
ǺǸݼŵģһ˿ʵԨűʵ
Ԩһ˿
κʽԨжûԨǾԵޡ
ŵǺأȫŵһ֮
Щ磡
ԨͻȻһָобȥʱأǺܶǱתˣΪһĳشڵԴ
λҪʱ˲龡ȥģޱȺ嫵
ͻȻԨɫһƻʶһĻͬĻ档
һδݣѪܽΪԵǳʻֲ
һѪ߰ߵǳԱǿƯڶɫëëദھֹ״̬
Ϣɫ񣬴˿̵ǳѪУ·˿ڣӿָ
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ͬǳ߿մڶɫëγһУɢŨ
ɢݵעѪеĲŮʣڰѸ׳
ԣһ޴Ѫ⣬ڱʴڡ
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Ԭͳ֮սˣȴԬ˺һѪ⡣
ԬѪ⣬İһȪۣӿ
Ȫó˺ܿѹ鲼һЩϣԻĽǿܱȾı䡣
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ԨһƻʶͷȪ۰ͣȻ롣
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Ԩƺһ
еĻʶͷûܹʱ£ɫΪɻҶĨҲܵһ˿ʹ
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ɫķɳ뵽ն̨͸Ө̨棬ڲػһ硣
ش磬յյɫĵƮն̨
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Ԩһն̨ڲļ֣֮ɵķ粨Ĩš
ҲӦһ˿ϢŽն̨С
Ԩһָն̨Ө̨ͻȻ͸ֳˣոİ
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šԬ룬ǰīڿ·ͼƿյоŽҡ
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Ԩߺȡ
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ԨĴ룬ԴأһԵӡΡϽɫɽԴذؼӹɽ壬˲ǿԼɽ㣬˼ұ
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㣬ӦøҪԬڵĶҪõЩѪС
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Ԩ֮࣬ٴе˵ۿ룬¶Ц⣬ͷ˵



ڶǧһٰʮ ֮ĸȡ
ţõġ
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ն̨ҫ߲ϼ⣬˺գڶͨ϶ȥѰԬ˵٤
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ڵշ϶ԨĻʶͷҴܣտϤĻǺӣն̨С
ŵķĿظı飬һ
Ԩ޴Գ׵ĻĽ֮ɫͫſѪ⣬
ԬоĪ裡
Ԩ뿪ǰͷĶֹ·ΪԴ׻ĽԬǷŭˡ
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Ԩߺǰһ̻ɫϲ룬Ȼûصķ
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ԴͷʵѪɫ˾ӣ󷽵ǺƯ
ڶǵ˾ӣƺͨ˻磬깵ͨ

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һͷصȻƬŨɫû·Ԭ꣬ھҪóԸ
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ѪɽѨڣĽԴѪԴеʶk˼ͷݵұڡ
k֪ɽ۵Ĵ֮ĸü
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Ҳûһ˿ԴѪʶܹڵkƤӵ£ɽ
źĸŮĵԬ룬˱׼ϧûܵȵԴѪʶע롣

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ͷСԺͷѹ
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أƬɫƺԬһ£Ѫѵ졣

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֮ĸ֮Դ飬Ҳ֪ͷĶԬ˭ս
ĸף
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ȻƬɫܺڣ˲˼飬Ļ棬ԲŻ̲סʡ
Ժһ͡΢Ц
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ڶǧһٰʮ 
٤ޱȣǳسʻηֲ
һ޴ǳƬѪȫû˵£һͺͺɫľѵǳ½أͨ뽫ŮʵѪڵص½оۼ
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ϥĲŮʣɫٴλΪΡ
ۣͨ󱳵ļлëϸףȡ
ͨͷųɫԣùðĴһֻȻһĸо
ϧѰûŨĲľ

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ÿһİ׵âһϤ˲Ѫһ֣
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Ļ֭ˮǿһӡ
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ͻƵʮһ
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Ľûе֮Դ飬Ĵ󲿷򣬶ȣвǳƺԯͻơ
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ţ񾧶ץѣȵҼӰѾɹȥ



ڶǧһٰʮ 
ǧͨĻ⣬ľӲӵľ޴ս¶չֳĵơ
ԯʶĿԶһƬŵǿգ˵΢
ļϲԱ·ڴõ˽ǰѿԼƽľ
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סصૡ
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ڴ߶ѪȥսУһǧ
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ЩȥޣĽǻȺʬʱлΪҽ
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һֻżĻսţµǻһ죬Σָˡ
ͣһֻĵ˵ǻһ壬Ը㣡
Ҳǣ
ֻҪ㣬ԸΪǸǾ׷㣡
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ǲǺһ𡣡
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գұλλŮʣҪһΪʮһ
˵Ҹأ



ڶǧһٰʮ ˵ڵ
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§Ǿ߻ƺҪ뵽Ԩ塣
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ѾȲˡ
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ͻȻǡ
Ԩپת§õĻɷԼĸԸʧС
ͻľ磬ҪңҲҪһԿš
һֿԯ˿عһ䣬ԨԼ촽ڻζɬԨ˵ڵء
ӴĽɫսֺȻûսϷһشصĻƣԯɢݵѪ
شػƸϿգһִ̫
̫֮ϣڶĻʨӣ񣬽ںͳոɱţһ̫ܰͷŵĻȦܽӵ
֪ԴĲŮʣͨ٤ĳаĽ״䣬ƫƫʲôҲˡ
ֻڻͯͯŮΪͯľְشս࣬ȴԯԨ̤

Դ磬֮ġ
ɫ̶ڣ˿̱Դڶ࣬㹻ͳʮλµߡ
Ư̶ϷĻ꺣ԴûΪԨģͷʲô
꺣Աߣһźڰһ氲ֱźڰͼס
ڰһ̬欵Ůȴݡ
ڲһԲӰ
ԨԴĳףڰԴͻ֮ԴлǴѣýԼʶΪ̬֮
ʱԴҲԴһ꺣ڵһ
ãã꺣ȻֳŲѤõĽ磬ͷĴħ񱴶̹˹нֵ֮ɣظ֡
꺣оҫǸڰʵԨģľŲ硣
λ֮ĵԴ飬Ż꺣ŲĿ⣬½ķӡ

Ųķͻ仯ͷֳŹѪ⡣
֡ءѪĽ磬ҲԨԴĻ꺣ҫԴڡءⲿͷĳ
ΪԨ̬ĵkȼյĻ棬ͷԲģӰһͬ͵ħʼ棬ڻĽõɹΪʮһ
Ϊһ̣ҵõıݱõʱһӴ˹
ڻܵ˵Ľʺң
š
Դ긽һȻڶ༫ȿҵ򣬵ȷʺ㡣ڽмǰĽ磬ܹںܶʱٴν߼
ݣܷɽ㣬ıݵִĽ磿ҰĲ
뺮򣬼ԴѪ½ʵִ¡Դһ£˵ҵĿǰ̽飬һʱز
k˼һԨͨŲȥĽ磬Ҳͬܰ쵽ǲԴѪ˽˵
ҵһʶֻҪܹĽ磬Ҿҵħʼ棬ֱӶƽصʵҵѲңҵ
ٹһӡ
á

컯塣
֮ĸҺɫͫֺɫkյˡءϷšһСʯӣǾŲѤý硣
žણ
СʯѣٻΪһ̡
Ҫӡءķ磬ѰذصĵküڣһоԴĵأ˽ľˮ⣬м临Ӹ귨и߹κһֵ
ǰʶ䣬ͷнʱͷ귨ԼоⲿҪľ
ڸոգڵƺͻȻһ˿ƿصĸо
֮ĸء
Ԩĵk𣿡֮Դ龪е
пܡ
֮ĸ˵ͷͽķֺ͸оݸɽڵԨ
Ų磬ֻǾԴӡķĻԴʶ𡣿ڸոգһʶ룬Сһ㡣
ף
֮ĸ˵꣬ɫ͵һ䣬kֻоŲķ磬Ȼֶ㡣



ڶǧһٰʮ 㣡
Ԩ֮ϣڰ֮¡
ŲѤõķ磬һɺܣڶȡʲô
ۻҵĵ񼣣ÿһڳ֣·˴Դ鱻ͬЭתŷ
꣡
Щʹ½һͬ䣬һʮĿ½أ֮һϢѡ
ѵЩ½أд̲ͺΪɹۣ
½Ժֱ뵽·ĽͷٱľˮǰԴİأд
ӿ̶ɢɽͱ⣬ڽضѻ

һ˿½飬ȫ͸˾Ų磬ʵԨ֡
ʧȥһ½ƬʵԨеģһƵأǳƬֱһӡ
类ڿݼŵѣͱԨ顣

µķ磬ԨϷĻ֣ѸٱʮԴ
ľˮǣͺ
·
ľݻƵҶɳɳ죬꽦䣬ԴľΪƵȴֻнľܹ
֮򣡡
ǧʱ⣬ռأ
ӵҵ
ԴڹֽС
ʮһķһǡ
ֵ֮ɣӽնһǳʱͻȻһɽѣǧɫâɱ
ı磬Žɫâͻ֣Ǽ
̫ˣ
ֵüüԪ֮ȷɳԴ𣬺ȵ
̹˹ƺһֱ˼ᣬ·ĳصĴڣҲٵΧǵķС
Ĵڣִ߱Ʒڣط
̹˹ͻȻоˣڲתҪʵֲɸ˵Ŀġ
㣿
ֵɵѺͷųħ֪ȻŲķ磬֪Ϊʮһ㡣
ЩѹϷģڶ½أȴ֮һ
̹˹ħͫԣޱصĻʶ׷ʱ⣬ڣĳ
ЩѵĴ½ѾΪӴʯʵԨ
½صʮһķɾһ˿档
ëԨԺĺ򣬱һڴˡЩըѵ½أ̺ĸԺ󣬱
̹˹࣬ͷ۵˵ҪѣǸˡ
Ԩأֵѯʡ
̹˹ĬţĻʶ׷ݣκ˵ȥ˻Ľ硣
˵⻰󣬱̹˹ֵһҲľ
ǣۿԨ컯Ҳš

컯塣
ɫصĴ֮ĸšءȦ磬żµķ壬ľŲ㡣
k͸ȥˣþ㶨
֮ĸɽұ͸
ҶڲԨѲ֪١
˽ԴѪΪǿ̬֦֮ɺƬƬҶӣѪĤš
һʻֻǱѪȫˡ
ȻĴڣ֮ĸܲԴѪʶԼ͸ѪĤ֦֮УԨѪɫ磬ڲʳŷǰ΢СѪâҪԴѪϾɱ
ȻԨҵԴѪİ취Ҽɹ
Ԭ벻֪ˡ
֮ĸͨëӯ컯壬պһء
Ǻӣ˲ϢԽ
kڡءԱߣһƬŨɫܺķ类˾ӻơ
һֻɵɫˣ׻Ľ飬ͷԶĻ֮ϢõkΪ֮档
ֻɫɢݵĻ֮ϢԴԴǵζڻĽĬĬչţײĵṹ
һͷѪɫԳ̬ĻӰţȴûܷشƮݶ
Գ޻걻û

ʱӴҲɫɳǰ·һֱںס
֨ѽ
˼ʮŻһͷͷԭԬֻɽ򣬹ߣݻ룬Ѫ񣬽ЩŻ̤
ǣƬڰɫϷ
ɫ컢нɫ¹֮ģŵҲˡ
е񣬶ĿĵأƬڰɫܺ
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żȻˣҪȫҪǱ뿴ƬɫܺҲֻܿȥ
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ڰɫƽϢɫīˮĺˮڱһУǵѪܴ͸ˡ
ǻʲôҲ
ЩͣҪֱŷʱһӴĺǣƽɫܺ֡
ǰ׹ɭɭѪ棬Ҳûอ١
һͷԳĺ̬
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ưԻĽ꣬Ⱥ۷壬ȷ޶ĻĽ֮ȻƬɫѪѱʳ
Ԭ룬ʣôһӴĺǣҪڶ˵ʲô
˵ӽԺŲǻĽ֮
컯еġλ
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˻һڶ˳Žɫ¹Ŀһͷ˲Զ컯塣
֮ĸɫ΢
ƯڵkͷĹ֮ǣӵ³ˡءĺ󷽣±ŶƵġ
컯еԴѪҲҪˣǲصġ
ŵĮ˵
лĽͻȻԵãȻ޴룬֪Ժôˡ
컯ԴѪɲԬ룬kĽԴܹͳĽ֮飡
kҪˣĽ绹δϣ
ҽȡk
ٵ



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꣡
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Ĭţɫ꣬ƺû뵽Ԭ뾹³
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Ԭķʱ⣬ռ챦ں޾Ѫġھ측
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ӳ೾ϸͻȻඥдȻ˴컯
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Ѫһ̽Ϊһ¯شӳ೾ɫأһ̾š
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ɱǿվޣͼȫȱʧͨѪ̣ͨȺѰĽǱߵ򡣡
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ƴգ޶ȵȡţԼӲԼǻۣͼĥһڻͨİ취ȴʼûܹɹ
ֲȱҲӦϣڻΪˣΪԼʱáȻʱôĻȻɣԵòȻ
ʵȻģΪһӻ⡣
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ͬΪӳ೾ôһۣٴοӰʱҲȻ⡣
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ԴѪ͸ʱ֮ĸһʶһ鰵ұ֡
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̬Ĵ֮ĸõΣ罫ұڽͶӰ
k֮ԨյϢŷѪ֦ɣһؽصɣӦЩʲô
봴أѪ⣿ԨЦ



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쾧̨棬ӲǳǲӦԴɫ̨棬̳߲㣡
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ȡһԴȫķһӡһ̳һԴǲͬġ
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ԴԴǴ̨棬߱£ΪһĿԣ
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ӱһͻǧѪɫ磬Щӡ
ʵԨԴѪǸܻγɵУȺѪأ֪ʶ֮
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ڳɹ˻ĽԴѪԺһ֮һ̨ðʼ˶ЩӵĽ
嫵֪ʶЩڣһѪɫȡţŸ
·ӦԴɫ̨棬жӦԴǵİӨ̨棬лʧƱ̨߲á
ʵԨУλԴѪУԨ̫
Ͼȥԯҡ

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ǳѪ⣬ѵĽĿģֻͨѪ⣬Ѫôǿȥ
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ԨЦɱе֮𣬰ȻУܾǰѾҰ롣
ͱĸӦѪ
֮ĸƿص컯壬ǰɱͱľӦ˻ĽԴѪǣֻͨǲѪɫ̨棬ܺͱʵʱͨ
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Ҳһ̣Ѫɫ̨·ֱ߲㡣
ڵһʱȥԨԴѪӡѪڲԡ̳ȡС
أˣءֻѪʹҲǺõġ
ţЩɲܵõĶ̫⡣


һָͷİͼĴֲţͻȻӡءڲռ롣
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Ѫ͸ǲѪĤΪѪ⾫ܣ뵽Ѫ⡣
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֮ĸҲסˣۼŭţʮһײѾŶk˲ĸо



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𾪲ѡ
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֮ĸҲkšءϸ飬ֲʶ
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ء컯ɽۣʶڷεһ;Ŵ˿ܵȻš
Ԩ
kŸ߿պ
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ǳΪϾâնĹ켣ؽУԨ֪Ծ
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ԨֻԵĲǵģһּԴصĵԻǿǿһԦԼ֡
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Ԩҡҡͷһ

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һ׷Ľɫ¹񣬻бΪʮҲӦ컢
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Ԩֱ̧ۣѪɫɽبǰ˲һǧѪɫǣɫ컢һͷͷء
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ԶԶǣһֲεĴֲ
ǲУǿԵġ
ⲽֺ׳ķһС
۸շ߲ʻ⣬·вٵĿռ侫ӳ೾Ŀɫ
Ϊģֹ֮ҵꡣ

Ԧŷ컯˲ԽƬɫܺҪĸս㲻Ҫҡ
ҧ촽ұ뽫ĸ״



ڶǧһپʮ ҵ
ãĽԨ
һֱŲĴ֮ĸûɿ
kƮһ鸡ʯǣǧ޴ʯ˸Żâ˵kǺӡ
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С౶ġ컯塱ʯıݰ㣬Ƭܺıؾ·ߣʯĻۡ
ԨǸСѾͷʲôϵҶ㲻ùܡ
Ѫ֮һ봴أ³һ
ܻҡ
֮ĸö˵Ļȴ⣬̫ͨµУԺӦضû
֮ĸԴĺݣԨжĸ飬ڼ˵ĽǺƶ񤣬ԺδءڼԴѪԺ󣬵ȳͳһ˻Ľ磬ٽȻʵǡ
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΢΢ۣ˫ͻֽ֯ϸѪâγɰеķš
㷴Ĵ֮ĸԨγɵǣͷֵkڵѪҪɢ
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ˣkû˵ĻǳĬȥ
±ȥ컢ߺȡ

˲һǺӣԽԨֱۣҲԽ˴֮ĸŪġ컯塱ȳ컯ա
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ͷķţƺҪУ̤롰ء
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ֲףûһѪ̬֮۽ǣȴϸϸѺۣ·Իǵ˴ۿ
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κֻҪڴ˿̿ͨĿͺ;ŵ飬֪˵ľĸ֣Ҫ
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֮ĸ˿kһȦȦĹ⻷·𿴵ԼԴ飬λĨĻ档
Ҳ֪ԨܲܳҴ뿪ԶԶģ

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ͳ˶ˡ
ԷҪ˽ȥȻŻԨֱһ˵İɪ˹ԨǾаʥͷĿǰʲôһ״
ԨȷܾǱûˡ
Ƭ̣Ǳ߳ٳûжԨüٵӦûʤ
ûеõҪĶΪҶԵk̫ϤˣܹоǸԴ飬ԭȵĵȽײرߣһûн߼kǿԴ飬kܱսʤ
ԨȻͣ£뵽һ£Ц
ѾӮˣ㲻ǲְظȤɱ˵kҵǾˣܵõҪĶ
ԴǸأһˣ



ڶǧ һ
Ȫۡ춯
Ԩ˵ʲôһ˵־ԱųĬ
ɢȪܱߵļˣͨȪǰľٶԨͳ˵ı֣ȷһδ֪򣬱Ȼһλߵǻ顣
ҵȥ
ĬúݽԾĲŮʣ峺ͫҽȱ
ڲʱ򡣡
ԨҡͷּһȪ־Ȼûн̸뷨˵Ȫȱλһ˶Ȼܽ޴粨ĿԴȴǼ账ļ¡
һ
˳ΪԨİ£޳ԺĿǰҪȹ̲Ϥ¾磬»ȡС
ȷʵûôż
ȷڻĽ˺ƽ٣üţԬű£ֻҪԨѰ鷳ĿǰĻĽκˡ
Ǳߣʲô취
侲Ĵ֮ĸ˵ϣǳ˳أkӦҪԱ̹˹ˣkֻҪ˱̹˹һߺʵƱƿ
Ԩģk᲻ˡ

һߡ
£
ǰһͻȻȡ
ʱ֮ϵӳ೾Ҳ𾪵ؿšء䡣
ءڲء
Ӵڱ˷صĵķִֵɵڣһ
һ·ɸߴ龧񽣣
ֵɵ֮Ľᾧҷ
ֵ֮ɣԪΪΪΪ
Ԫ֮ǿ֮Ϊ̣֮רն
k˿ȡ̵ֵ֮
һý
kԼ˵
ɫϼ⣬k仰ֵڵ֮Ĳͻ䡣
񽣣գ۳Ĳʣ̺ͷ̶ǿٱ
˷ڣ֮Դĵķk񽣡
ಣ
񽣣Ȼڴħ񱴶̹˹ͷͷųޱȶĿĽ⣡
Ľԣ͸ҪƷҪ
ҵۣ
ǰĹߣͫѪۿ˺ѿ
컢ƺһĿʳˮҲ޷֮ܽ
ʱ֮Ϸ򡣬ӳ೾Ϊ;߱վŲ⣬ûܵӰ졣
ҲȻüͷûһ¡
Ȼʹֵɱ֮޴Ľ⣬Ҳ˺

ͻͼµıҲͣסʱܵkǣע뵽񽣡
ֵ񽣣֮䣬̲˽ԴĴ
ͷ׷Ľ֮°أ
͵˻ϲ˿Ĺԣ촽Ѫڷڡ
ħΣӣ
һԱ۵ȵ֮ԴķӡǱΪռ֮ܺꡣkǿ֮꣬k̫ζ֢ҩأĨɱǿߵĻˡ
ӳ೾ɫһࡣ
Ǳܹѱ̹˹ĿףҲܴϾ塣ȵ
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ǷУֻܷı̹˹ħ֣ҲӲ
зѳȥħֻ꣬ҪǾϾħױն
ڵkִƵطأħ񱴶̹˹ƣΨһ̵ľǾħ
һħѣ̹˹ʶܱ
kǿ֮꣬ڵkƿصڣkжڶԴУ̹˹ûħʲô͵k
һ¡

Բĵ֮ףȻȦ
źԨ֮˲䱻ȦƣǧΧǷš
µĻ棬ѪųǿƣԨţǿѪࡣ
յѪ࣬ԵkȻǣҲᱻơ
Դ׵ķأ֮ԯҲܾʵ
ǣ걾ƣʶģԨţȦԺ󣬾͸ˡ
ȻǷ·Ҳ֪λͼڵΪ
ĥ˱̹˹ʶĵֵԣ˳פ˱̹˹ڻĽ磬Ѹƽ˽硣
Բļ׹ά䣬ֵǼ¯Ŀףڣԭͱӻ
һ䣬ǼΪأħ񱴶̹˹μĿףȻʹǾˮħˡ
ףڼ׵£˲kĻ𺣡
ž
ؼҵĻ棬ûЩӡڿڵĻ磬Ҳ̼
ף׵ͳ˵kеһ
꣬һûһʱĴߣҲŻȥĥ֮С
ֻջرҵĶ
ɫĿף֮״kҽ֭ˮ֣ĦſףӦñҴţ㡣
׵ǰǵ¯棬ں᳤а᳤֮ľ֮
գڱ̹˹عԺ󣬿׳˱ӻ
ûǼĿף̹˹ֻˮħȥӭǱ񽣡
ʱԨԴĴѹ£̹˹ʶԺ״̬
ħ񶼲ֵ֪֮ĵͷ٣
Ǳ񽣣ڴˮħ׵ͼħŰʱ
ʱͳˣħ꣬ᱻһһ
ħȺһֱڸ翹ϧҲûˡ
kڷڵ紫ӳ೾붼
紹䣡

Ǳֵɵ񣬾ɵ񽣣ûܴڱ̹˹ͷûܹᴩǾˮħ
񽣾Ȼն̨ϣ
Ԩѹʱû˼ԦҲûն̨Ȼ˲Ƶ˱̹˹ͷħһ
ն̨
磬ӳ೾컢һ𾪵عֽС
ֻڡ
ֻЧҪ΢ĺɽ򣬵ȷն̨Ǳʱ͵ؿ롣
£֪
ɽ
ӳ೾컢ҲȻˣոǼţ뿪߼
ԨУĵĸҲڣѾͷȴȻˡ
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ڲ
һʶɵӰ뵽׵ĵ֮ףǲٵݣؿն̨
Ӧãܹ
֮׻ҵؼţæԨƮȥŭ¡¡졣
Ҫȥڿһ걻ѹʱֻһǿѪ⣡ҡ
ֿ֮־ֵǣ˼άʶڿԵЩңkԲӰҪɢ㿪ʼѸٵص
ȥ
εصӴ꣬ۿ׵춯ͻȻᵽǿҵΣ𿿽񣡡
Ԩ֮˫Ȼһ
kѹĻǣһεƿл֮չŸ첲΢Цż׵ٽ
ŵĻǣͻȻΪѪڶԴͷ
ԭҪɱ̹˹ҲҪͺ̹֮˹ħµķҲͬӦµġ
ԨȻһЦ֮壬ͻȻ䡣
ĬĬת޾Ѫܣİ˲㡰̳ͺ֮
ݣ
һն̨ΪһϽ񽣣Բļն䵽𺣡



ڶǧ 
ףն̨һն䡣
kӱ̹˹ϰĿףڹؼʱ̷ӳãŻâ⣬Ӳն̨һ
kʶûؿףǶһ٣û
ôܣ
kֵļУպĿ
һ⣬иĻţſ׻ۣȼ˿ֻС
kϷأΨϽٴն䣬ڿڴ¶ͷ
һâkС۾ڿϿ˸
еԨԴ꣬롢ӳ೾ǿߣܿkĿ־岻
Ԩˣ
ɫ컢ΪܣĿ⣬Էǰ˵Ӧһֱ㡣
ɫƽȻұκ˶ںĸ׵İΣ
Ҽ֮ľ
컢ͷƽȾüʹͳĵҲ֮ǡ
컢ԽأһۣƽܾõϺ
Ϻڣͷ˻Ľ֮Ԭ룬ʼδ¶ݵ࣬ҲŰ
ӦúһҲ֪ؽްɣ
Ȼܱԡ
ԻӰ꣬ԭģݣ¶
k沿ľϸζŵkں֮ĵʶϵؾӿ
ܿ죬һźԨȫȻһµǰ
ԼʶǸӣkӢһĮС
ƺֻǵkµĳ͸Զk
kôԨ󣿡

ΪڵkĿУԨ֮ʱڵԨǿߡkԨԨ֮սڵkԨǵkӳ೾͡
򡣬ӳ೾ĻĵһõkС
ǧ㻹ûʲôı䡣
ԨȻһЦֻնֶ̨š
֣ն̨գۼ䣬
Ͻɫն̨ղϱã

мĺϽɫն̨ӨɫеıСأչԴ缫Դء
Ԩȡûŵģһ˲Ϩ
ն̨ŵͷͣ䡣
Ө׵ն̨ͻȻ¡¡죬һ׳س֡
׳ػŷ籩Ҫ̨ѳҪɱ꣬Ĩһл֮ۼ
Ű¡Դļһͬϡ
Ԩն̨żûն̨
ǲն̨Ͳŵ꣬Ǿ׼ҵ޹صԼն̨
ͻȻͻָѡ
Ժ󣬿һͷն̨΢΢
Ǿ޳ĸˣԲ̫ȻĹ켣ܿͷն̨Ԩͣ
ն̨ڵıʧأ±׳ط籩ɳĨɱꡣ
ʦ
Ԩĵ׺ͨն̨ݡ
һն̨仯·˲㡰̳ӦԴ̨档
ն̨䣬һ֣ͷڵkͬͬԴŤ˷ڵ귨
߿УkԵǳ̫ƺ˶Ȼ
һˮħǰججĴħ񱴶̹˹ġʦ
ʦʦʦʦ
£̹˹ʣԨѡ
һˡ
̹˹һЦԨͷͽ㻹ðһΪҲkҺСһء
˶Ӿ£ħȻ٣ĺܵ

Ԩһȡ
ֵԺڣǱλԪ֮Ȼҫ˶Ŀâ
ĿԪ֮ʶٿţ֩ԺԪ֮ڻ˿նϡ
ɫ֩Ԫ֮Ժֵɱָɡ
һǰѱԴע˽񣬺֮ͳڷ
ֻϧ񽣷ʱͷĽʧ뿪âը
֮ԺԴļ·УѾڽڲˡ
һʮһѪ֮Ӧһ
kԨĮ飬Ŵݽ⿪ţħ񱴶̹˹ͽֵԨ
ͷ̩̹ǿ̬Ҳһ
kϸ۲Ԩ·ҪڷڣԨ񿴸͸
ǿ̬̩̹Ҳڡ
ԨſЦЦ¡¡죬ǳµ󣬱Цı
֪ңشĽ磬ȥȡĽԴѪСͨң޷ģԨԴѪӣա
ԨһߴЦһ˵ӦҲ֪ҺͻĽԴѪֻһܻȻ˭ţ봴أҪȥӴѪ⡣
ӽѪʱԼʶеĳɹո
kԨ꣬˵ͷ
֪֪ҵɲǰkУǽkֱӼõkΪҵһ֣ԨЦʡ
ʲô𣿡ԴĮ
ͽһ˵ʶҲڶ״̬㲢֪ȺͨȪۣȥһ˵㣬ڽӴʲô״ࡣԨЦ
kĬһ£ҵȷ֪
kͣһ£ʣѵ֪
¡
ʱķһһշ϶
ʯĬrշ϶룬վԣ˵ͷ
ĬrĿڡءͷԨϡ
Ľֻɽ򣬿λԴǵ£Ϊ𡱵ǿߣаʮһ𣡡
µЩȺǱɱġ
쵽ĿĬrۣŻΪȹĺɽ򣬡ǸӣҲܲġ
ɽزҿ
Ľ֮ԬڡءλԴġ𡱣Ǳġ
ֻʮĻǰأＰĬr
οĬrǿʯһ춯صĻ֮챦֮˾ӣԵԴͷޱȿֲ
ֻܳĬ
ԨҪԴˣ
ĬrҲôȻʹӷ뿪ӳ೾λá
ƺ
ӳ೾Ц



ڶǧ һ
ǿԴ鲻ĶĬrڵkԾûκӰ죬Ʋ𶡵㲨ˡ
kԨһ˵˵ľ֮ҡ
һʲô
kͷ΢ںȻޱ͸
ءڲصľ󣬺ⲿһ·û˷Ĵڡ
ȻڵkմڵĹȦͻȻӲӡ
kԨݣ·𱻵kʵʻԵòôá
k˿̸˵ĸоǵkһõ磬̤ʵأkúԨ񽥽һ¡
kڸ߿ոԨľۼԨϵѪΪk깹ʵ塣
ҵȷ֪һ˵飬һ̬
ԵkѯʣԨһЦûи֪߲Ԩ½أǳԨǳ䵽ڰײʱҵͬ˾ˡ
Ԩȥʱͬ˾顣kĮ
Ǿ͸ûˡ
ڷԨ͸ӨĽ磬Ĭr˵ͷֶ컢˵̤Ҳ޷ǲصģڵľ棬Ҳƿء
ʱȻ͸źʹݣǿﲻѡ
һԵţĿҲ˻ɡ
ˣ
ħ񱴶̹˹ЦֵɣԨԣŷִԨ࣬ǼһҵԴͷԺҶԵkһ취û磬һܳԷڡ
˵ɥĻɱ̹˹ֹȴûһɥӡ
ûµģ潻ҡ
ԨЦݲãָŲ䶯ͷŤ𵴵Ѫ⣬ƿ˳
ͣڡءѪ⣬Ԩһָֻ󣬾ԨƮ˹ȥ
ͷŴ֣Ѫⶼ
Ľ꣬ʶµһööӣҲԨԡ̳롣
ֻһ˿ܡ
һ̣֪ĳֹϵԼٻѤõĽڷ
ͣ
һϸĲɫ֣ѤõͲʴƮ
չ衣
ˣˣ
ŵģֵɵģĹǿ𶯡
㻹˵
žС
ⲿӳ೾룬컢򡣬ҲڿҲһ㺧Ȼʧɫ
ֺܿƽ
Ŀûǿ񱩶ŤѪڣѪȫµ棡
δӰȻģ
κѪֻʴֵչƮѪĸͻ
޺ġ
ԨɫƽԨԴĮע£ͻѪջĿ⣬еĵkӣҽŪҽ̺İѪƿأٺϸ˵һ˵һ˵Ŀǰʲô״

ŹѪ⣬ײֻʣһĽڣɽ˿
ǧѪâ磬ѪߣѪị̀Զŵ˻𣬷񹥻Žڡ
Ĵֺͷƣײڽ֮ϣڻǹ
Դ꣬ɫأԨкţһеسͷ
ûãǳġԴɫĮҷô꣬Ҫа취͸óˡ
Լǳ
ԨϵЦʮһ֮ȻײĽ֡

Ԩ֮ڣͻȻʼ˱仯
Ȼڶ൹ĳ⾧һŵʯÿһطµ⾧Ѫɫ类̡
⾧٣ÿһ⾧ڲ̵Ѫɫʮ
ԴѪԻ
̬һ䣬ͬǳ쾧֮ÿһ֦ɺЩ⾧ֻ࣬زա
ڳ⾧֦ڣҲڶ̵Ѫɫ磬ӡŻĽѪС
ĽԴѪ̬ԴԴѪԭʼòԨ̳֣֮ڲϵ±仯
ͻȻ䣬һӴ֮е֦£ɡ
羧ɣעĿ£ڲϽ
գΪһŲϺͿ׶ں쾧ġ࣡
ߣϵϺͿ׶쾧âѪ⡣
ÿһâѪ⣬ƺӦһǿĹȺ߳ʵԨĹΰڣ·ԱЩâѪ⸴
ӣѪɫߵ㣬ʻ
ÿһ飬ôĹ·ʱڷ

һ˵Ѫ⣬һسײڣҪڣ뵽Ԩ仯ࡣ
ĿѣԵأԨõ࣬ǿƷ
ĻʶѾ࣬ԵؼЩģѪɫߵӡ
档
Խſˮ·ζʳ¡
Ѫĸ򣬶еʶԷ˼ٶ
ǻģݳģ
ոߴԴ꣬üͷ𣬳Ƭ̣ͷ˵Ԩֳ̬ӡ
ʯԴλԴѪ̬֮ΪĽԴѪģ
࣬ԨԴѪ̬
Ԩȱ仯Ϊʯ֮Ѫʱֳ̬
һ׷ݣλ߼ԴѪУбʶڣЩӣųɹֳԨԴѪò
Ҫ
ݳġ
Ԩ̹ȻϣֵоǣҲ뵽˺֮ĵ̬
̩̹ģϺݺ͸챦ڵص״ǿź֮ģҲ̬ʶ֮ۺԺƬ꺣Ȼں֮ġ
ôӦþ̬
䣡
һ䣬³Ԩ̬֮
һЦ֮͸˷磬ʵѪڡ
ͣŹģ䶯ŵѪ⣬ӬھϣԵüСҲȥԿӰ



ڶǧ 
ڽǿѪ⣬Ԩ£ûκ״
ûѪⴥ֣Ԩ˺ҧ飬ͬûʲôԨ֮ѪˮѪ
֮£kɫͫġ
kԨӰѪ΢Сüͷ
kԨĵһЩkͺڰԴĨɱ࣬Ҹȼļ
Ԩû£
û˵ƿѪ⣡
˲˼飡
ɽӳ೾򡣬һ۷Ź⡣
ڵĴħ񱴶̹˹ֵ֮ɣ͵һ
ȻİȻ
̹˹գ죬ǺɵЦţԨֵСӣ㻹ܿȥףûа취
ֵ罣Ŀ⣬ҲѪ⣬ƺԨһ̣ͱ֮Ĵקߡ
ȻʲôҲûз
õ
ԨЦźͱ̹˹к
촽˶˵Щʲôȴûпڡ
ŨŨʧ䡣
ǰŽ紥ЩѪĴ֣ѰУ벶׽ӡͷӡ
ջ΢ڶУĵĳûз
ΪصѪ⣬Ķƺͱ˰ˡ
Ԩ룬ԨڸܳѪӦ֪غ˭
ǰԨ֮ΪһʱƼѪɫߵ㡣
ЩѪɫߵ㣬ǱѪڵģԨԴѪأ
Ԩ֮˷ѪĽ磬վѪϡ
ѪⲢδ춯΢СԨҲ̹Ȼ
˵ʲô
űʧ䣬ǸΰļƻҪͨ顱ʵ֣ܲá
Ϊʲô
Բĵ֮ףԨ뿪Ժ󣬷Ҵӿ̽ͷ
k͵kĻ𺣣ХԴӰڵգǸԨԱߣɻʵԨӦñʳͷʣ𣿡
ΪԴĿǰ׽֮һk˵Ѫľ޴ͷҲ֪ԡ
ѱءηʵ֡
һ뿪ءͻһǺأѸݣȫΪѪһɹѪ⾫ܡ
ǲ뿪ءˣȥӽʱ򣬡ءǲзӦġ
ʵϣkԴ˵вٴģҪ۲ܶɱѪ飬ԴҲյſءᵽѪζȥʳ
ŤѪĲһ𣬲۶ôǿ׺Ѫ飬ʧصس
Ȼ󣬾ͱʳɾͷʣ
޾ʱУûгֹܵԴȾǿڡ
༬ֵĴڣвٱԴͨءͨĨɱ
ΪֹܹҲֹֻ⡣
һΣƣŽĴֽӴﲶС
ȥʱ򣬵kԴһؿˡ
ڶξˡ
Ԩֱ֮Խ˷ִʵڵСأվѪ֮ϣһûбʳ
ϾҵԨ֮
ԺǿԴȻ૵kûش𣬼׵ɻͷѽ⣬˵˻ĽԴѪԨı仯ⳬҵϡΪ͵֮ĸЩԴ㣬˽ԴѪĨɱ
ϾıȽ϶ࡣ
Ԩ֮ʱڵԨǵkǿУk켺øκɱԴʶ
γ⡣

ءڲС磬һƬޡ
ԨģԨ춴һģ޵ơ
տС磬Ŵ½صѪ⣬ûκζ
ǳ磬飬һŲ棡
ԨͷӦ־ֻнµѪţһûС
ĵѾϢ൱ֵѪ⣬ڲصѪֲԨû취ȥ
Ȼؼ䣬ѪΪ࣡
ؾ̾
ǰ컯ڣ֮ǻĽԴѪӿѪ⾫ܣҲԶܺѪ⣡
ҲҲһѪΪŵĶˡ
ԴǸԴѪĽԴѪȥǿվ޼ҲȻԶѪ⣡
ܸܵޱ޼ʵѪѪ⡣
ֻǣѪڵϢ䲵ӻңһӻ⣡
ɲͬѪѻѪУǽʵԨǿ飬˽
ͬȺѪ飬ѻһѪ⼫Ϊȶ
ڼֲȶȶ

һǧɵĺ۶ħѪһǣسֳ
µ壬Ѫһ¶Ĳȳ֭ҺѸãѪһ֡
˲֪꣬ȴᵽһɴѪζӲǿ֡
һƬƬڵķڽȻۼףĲǻ
ڵȻۼڣԺڰԴİأصĺɫơ
Ԩһۣ廹ûԨǰڴ֮ĸص½أֹһλ޽ӽԨħһЩЩڰħȺĴ˵
˵Ҳͼȴϳ͡
ԭǱ뵽أѪʳ
Ԩ
˵ĺ۶ħûĻκζֻǴ

һ̵ֻͨɾᣬһ͵ðŸʴĶҺðŲɫĶ
̵ֻľᣬոԨǰ֣ѪͺȻʼܽ⡣
ܿ죬ͷһѪڡ
ѪУԨоͻߵľ綾Դͷһ£ȻߵĶԸǿ
ԨԨΪԨ֮ʱһЩѱԨȺʯ߱ڻڣڹĺۼ
ܹϣҲΪǿҲѱ
ԴͺڰԴ飬ŪˡءҲѪʴڣѪеһ֡
һλԲľͰצ㣬ͬѪڸ֡
λͿţĲˣȸ˹ԨΪԨ֮ʱڣɱЩ֪ǿ˶ٱ
Ҳһ֮ȺԨǿС
ϧҲˡءҲͷѪڡ
һЩûǰԨΪԨ֮ԺֹԨǿߣҲԺ󣬸ӦϵѪѪ̸֡
ЩڹԨԨٶеӡ֪ǺһʱģҲԨǿߡ
ЩǿߺһҲڰԴ飬Դꡣ
³һȫˡ
ôǿ󣬻Ԩ֮ʱڵԼ̴Ц죬ֵȣӦࡣ
ʳ˵뵽ѪԺǻһ˿δɢԡ
һ˿δɢԣ͸ŨŨĲģ͸Ҫִ
ǲ·ʵԨĨԴѪɱ߳ʵԨԺ󣬺Դ翪ʼӴʱҲڰ˺ܶ鰡
ԨվѪϣŽ磬ֵԴꡣ
űͨ½ضӴѪ⣬š顱Ѫ⣬иʵԨǻȺѪ⣬ҲϷ߲ԨǿѪ⡣
ԴͺڰԴ飬ڣ֪к˶ǿߣ
kǱУֻǱķ壬ΪԼĽ׺ͻƣk伫
ԨԴѪбkǺԨ飬kǸ
Թ߾ͱѪɱȨ
ģ֤̫СûõģֱĨ
ԴͺڰԴһĲԺͷ롣
Ѫ⣬ԨλԴѪһ֡ʶѱɱУǰñԨ̳롣
Դڷڣһοڡ
kǻӦԨǶԵ֮˵ʶ򣬺һĻ塣ֻȫ̬ܹ
ֻʣһŲӻҵѪҲ롣

⣬kͣ١
׵˵
Ԩ֮ıǰЩ򡣿ڣԨѾָȥ򡣡
Ԩ͸Щ򣬾Ͳ൱ʶع顣
ⷬ˵꣬ԴҲ¶˳ݣƺȻüˡ
̬µƿӴ߳ġ



ڶǧ ķ
ǣ
ԲǼصĿڣ¶Ϊ̬
kʶӺ֮Ĵػڴˡ
kѽڲλԨͬĻϣõĻ淨򣬺͵kʶɹںϡ
ӦҲ֪һֱ߾ȫذף󡣡
ԴԨ󣬲ȥվǿѪԨɫϾأھ£ļס
ǵģҺչˡ״
ȥߵȼѪճɻҽġ㣬һֱΪ׼ĺ֡
kֱԲ䣬ֵǿĻ棬ܷһѪ⣬ȻҲԴѪ
׺ٺٵˡ

ءڲСء
ӴޱȵѪ⣬һƬ½أԨĵ
һԨưԵǿߣʱһѸѪ⡣
Ѫ໥ԶڳײԵϢͻͬѪ֯űϡ
ѪУһŵļս
ԨϷܵԨЩ׺֣΢ǧ򱶵ԭʼֹ̬ɱ
ȥѪһ֣ǸԲѪУûбȫڡ
Щʣ໥ĳͻΪѪļӳ֣ͱֻҶ̬
ؼЩѪǿ飬˿ҲʧصУѪһ֡

ԨƤ㣬Ѫưĳ˸Ѫɫɶ
ıȻͨڰ˲̨棬ԨԴѪС
֪ŹޱȵѪ⣬ֻʵԨѪѻΪʶûа취ȥϴö֮Ѫ粻̬
ںˣޱȺʵѪʵԨ֮ǰֳǿ࣡
ںˣԭʼ̬֮ѻѪ⣬ںһӴޱߡ
һѪ⣬һȻޱȵҡ
ԨֻҪԨԴѪи͸Ԩͻȱʧǲʶ
ĻŽУȥϴѪеۻࡣ
Ҫʱ䡣

ʹ˻ĽԴѪҲõԴǸԴѪУҪƿŤѪ⣬ҲҪܳʱ䡣
ңôʱơ
Ԩʾ˵Դ꣬ڷڣֺͼ˵һ䡣
kĮĿ⣬ڴħ񱴶̹˹ϣĿǰ棬һҪԾǣףȴѡ
֡ءķڱʵԨķk
Ԣ⣬Դ飡
ȻڳҾܼնɱʶ
һ̹˹µСӣǰΪûнңֵɣֻŪȥ
еĴħ񣬶ֵɺżüŪۣħֱֵɺŵԺ𣺡Ǻƿȥ
ֵ΢ɲص˵ͷ
ɫɭ䣬ûиӦ
ʦҪôż㲻µġ
ԨѪϣŽ΢΢һЦʾħſģҪôҡ
Ҽúܣ
̹˹յ
΢˫ųɫâͫȻڱ׹סĿס
׵ı㣬һƬƬħƸ֣ɿħ
ħӿħ󣬾Ȼѹס˼׵ʶ׺ͷļףħǣţű̹˹

䣬׼Ժ󣬿ӡڿеĻ淨򣬱ħǣը
׽ʵ壬Ҳ򱴶̹˹Ķ֣˲ģ
ģζż׵ʶˡ
kƺһڿڵkǰȥŪУֻǰŪˡ
kһ䣬ǿԴĿߣ˿ϡ
Żۣǹâէ֣Ȼף
ֻ۵һ̹˹صأڿںӦУ˲Ϩ
̹˹ɫ࣬ȵСӣҲЩ֣
ݣ
ֵɴǻλǱ֮Ϣһն߿ա
֮£һΡɽ·ǵkһָͷֵɵľһ

ֵƤһۼɢͻȻ潣ߣģļס
ױķĸоΪױơ
⣬ڣ˭ʹң
ؼʱ̣ͻһݣȻֳ˵̬
ֻɫˣû籴̹˹ֵʵضȥ
ԨһšءѪȥҿš
ҪôУҪôҲһ
ŵķĿͼˣѹܲ˱̹˹飬Ҳûкֵ뷨ֻ϶ķʽ¡
ҲȷӲȫ֡
ķӡ
ڿڣۼֵŻֱѪȥҡͷпǷŮսڣǵù
ϣ
׺͵kͻȻ룬ֵɣûһƬƲǶᱻǵˡ
kĻǶֵ˵ġ
ֵһһشǼĪ״ԯ̹˹͵k̼Ŀ죬Ľɾǲ顣
ӣẦԨҲ
̹˹̲סƿŭҲŵľٶŭˣԼȥűһ𣡡
ֵɶδ뵽ֻںݵȻҪֱڲ
λո˵ĺkףȴѡ
ԽȻҲԽѡ
ţֵɣߺƿһϣпܴ롣
ֻҪǶȥˣλûһߺʵĶ󣬵ءڻĽ磬Ҳʲô顣
λҲɵšءеѪ⣬С
ˣԨгʱ䣬ڡءڲѱѪ⣬ȻЮѪƷ
Ǳ̹˹ڶʱ뵽һзȻûбŲɡ
ûҲͰˣԨȥѪ⣡
ಣ
ڴħĽУ˳Խ˷ҲѪСء
ԨµѪ⣬еŽķ󣬡Ӧң
ˡ
Ԩҡҡͷô𣬱µѪ⻹Ҫȶ
ûвӵвܵõڲҪĽΪ鷳⣬ûκαĺô
ңŽȷʵϧ
Ԩʧ֪Ĺؽһõɧ
Ȼ
ݣݣ
һ֣Ѫڿ쭶ŻֻϷ˶
棡
ѪеԨǿʿˮڵѪܡ
ԨʱһλλԨǰѪڣ˿ַ׷ֳ
ЩȥǿߣԨᵽζѪⱾ
Ȼǡ
һ˫˫̰۾򣬰ֻϷˣŻ
ȥ
ϷĳᣬЩ׳Ĵ֣ûٽͱ
ԨΪϽɫķУΪѪ͵磬Ĺ
ΣյϢֻϷɢݿЩֲðȻ롣
ʱӿֵʹųľ꣬ѪڣһСѪ鶼
νû֮ǰƴʱǲ
һ壬Ժļ䣬Ҫƽ͵̬ﵽѪڲǿһµƵʡ
һµƵ£ᱻѪŤԣᱻѪΪһ֡
ֻ״̬£ܴѪڣЩ˳ĴУȡС
ǣδʱû
˵ģӻĽԴնУǿȡᣡ
ܲҲûкȸ˵



ڶǧ ƫҪ
ֵɵ֮նڼȥԺоΪ͸硣
һɫǽڽ֣һǽשĴۣ֮Դĵʹ֮ͬʱ
͵ѹĽ⣡
Ķ֮ⱻѹըֵҲĴʹ
ͷ񽣵ĽУֳƣмܲסѹȣҪǰѵļ
ֽ֣֪Ѫ䣬Ƚ֮ջء
µƶ磬ֵüҽɿ˴ħ񱴶̹˹һۡ
ֻһֵۣüͷľ͸ˡ
һԣk㣬ڱ̹˹ˮħ֡
ԣһĲѱ̹˹롣
Ӹ𣬿ҪŤǿ꣬Ҫ̹˹ħҲҷ
ڵkֵģʮһѤõĹ⻷ԲȦľˮǣͼص֡
޵ͷ׹⻷ڵkһġԨ춴ҪûͲ
һڹ£ֱkġԨ춴ҫţ̹˹ˮħѸٵѡ
ܿ죬ѳǧˮ顣
ÿһˮڣб̹˹ǿħ꣬ǧٸ̹˹ڿЦ㵸ǶĬ
ħ겻ͬ˼ʶγһɹɾѿˮд
̹˹ʩչŷ˼Ļѳɲͬħ꣬ÿһħŶʶ
ǵkҲħֶ𾪣ڶԴеġ춴̹˹̲
kĿ⣬ÿһˮڵı̹˹ħ괦̹ͣͬ˹˼Ͷʶ
Ҹе⣬ҲǷ
kĵسţͷõأڸģΪԺҲûзֺƵ
kɱ̹˹չԼڵkڣkܹĻ
kҪΪá

ءǿѪǰҲЪ˹չ
У
Ϸ˵̬ͻȻһᡣ
ƬƬϽɫë趯ͷѤõԣ絶ƬаնǰӴѪ⡣
絶̩̹иƽѪУ
ϽëУлƽѪ򰵲أԽɫƵڡ
Ŵǧȥᷢһϸ緢˿ϽΪһͷͷĻƽëڵؾų
ëķֵɵĽâй֮
ԨһִԲ򣡡
ⲻȥŵ
ŵðȻ룬鱾ѪѪ⣬øΪҡ
޷Ѫ⣬ͱĸӦҲŵĴѡ
ŵĵһУҲƻļƻ
޳ȵƽ֮
򡣬ۼƬƬϽëϽնѪ⣬̲סеˣǴĽ֮Ҳһģһֻ˻ɱڵжڵѪ
͸֪ʱС֣һûӡӳ೾˵ֹһϵ棬ںֹģѪУռȫˡ
кһͷСļֵ
ҵҲѲ˸ϵӳ೾鲻̫ãű̹˹˵ħͷҲĻߡС
߲ɬ̾һˣˡ
Ϊϵ̩̹;ԴͷҲ򱴶̹˹
ǰ׷ݣ̩̹ԨǰѾˡ
ѵҪԨȥ˲ɣ
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ƬƬϽɫķëնѪʱ߲ϼ⡣
ʱ֮ĿռҲóҪͨëѪ⣬Կռߡ
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ſƾ˵һƣѹûʲôãûնһ⡣
䣡
ưԹԨĲǿߣӴѪһðλǿ߻ľͰצ㣬Ű˦ſֲ֡
Ĵ֣˾ľ͸ŨҵѪζ
Щس˦ƬƬϽɫëһըѿ
ĽУԺϹʱڵͷƽҲ̩̹Ѫͨ
ֻǣͷϵ̩̹Խʮһ
̩̹ǿ׺ףԴѪС
ԣõĻƽѪǿҲﲻʮһ֮ļ
ȷǼ£ȻҲ顣
ƬƬϽëѣŷХȻܵʹ
ëʮָģÿһƬ̲֮ѪÿһƬëһ˺

ԨǰֺѸڵ̾ᣬҲѪһٴɣǰһڴ㶾ĶҺ
ڶҺһ̱ǵȳζԨ΢΢ü
ҺŵһֻҺӵиʴѪͽһֻ죬ð˲ɫ̡
գۼ䣬һĿĵѪնڣͱǿڶҺʴ
³һڶҺ̾ᣬѪڣ·ûðͷ
ѪҺδɢرš
ঽһζ
֮ǧɸߵĺ۶ħȻΪһŨĺڰҲŵϷ
ڰ·һǧĺڰӦŶħ
һͷͨĽħսʿ㣬Ҳȥ
ͻȻΧ
ȷǿڡءڲСأЩѾѪԨǣܹ޴ֵġ
Ѿȥǿߣǲġ
ţһ磬ˡ
ƫҪԼ
Ԩۡ
磬ǰ룬Ѿûǰ򶨡
뽹ضţԻ֮Լıϵ
š
Ҳ񣬾еǸ޴ɻ󣬶Ūˡ
ŵĴ룬ѪȶҲƿѪѶȴӡ
ҪǲҪûбѪڣͲݡ
ƫƫѪСأҪףɳȥȴѡ
Σڼ뿪ˣҲû취ȥˡ
ҲҪԼѰҲܲˡ
ԨĮڡءⲿʵ
뱾ΪĴһ㶺ŷһԨӳ೾ʱ֮Ϸ֡
ԨϤԯ
֪Ԩ񣬶֮ǰ뿪ģԨı
һ
ɽ͹ߵʧУǿԨ飬˿־塣
ĬrҲԨͻȻ𾪣ȵĿ
ʱ֮飬ʱΪһĿռ䴫󡣡
ӳ೾ȻһЦ͵Ȿ飬ҲȽϤܹ̳Ӧңܵʱ֮顣
Сӣң
ڵڶˮȫ˱̹˹ĹֽУڶ౴̹˹ħ꣬ˢˢأԨı
Ȼ̹˹ͽϣϡ
ⲻô
һ䣬ǰһ̻ʱ֮ԨЩڹڲ

ڹڲĻ飬Ԩһȫɻҡ
ıü˲ߵġ̳ðͷڶԴķײ
򡣬ʼǵĽ֮·
֣̤Уȡ֮ԴУˮ֮ԴĴ



ڶǧһʮ 
ԨкһûзӦ
Ʈݵӳ೾ɫʯһͫȻһ򡡢ʱͷ߲ߺȣҵĺʦܣأûһ˿ܣ
ӿֵУԨҡͷ˲ʡ
ˣʱ䡢ռ䷽Դ飬ûԨĽԴ磬ûжⷽļءӳ೾Ȼˣţٶδл롣
Сģ
̹˹Ĺֽÿһˮħ괫ǧٸħӰ񣬴һˮԨ
ˮŲУٴһ
ƺһûá
Ǽ֣ԴǿĿףصĻߣҲk֮ա
״ƬӿȼյĻڣ¶
͸ķ磬k𾧰С۾˸ҵĹâûкԨһԯ
ʱ֮ϵԯһֱڹעkĻ𺣣k̲ס¶ˣŵkȻһЦ
ԯտ񣬽͸Ųڵļڽ
ллͣҲޱʺҵĻĽ磬ĻУΪʮһ𡣡
⡭
죬ЦãҪллǰãٴδһʶǸûйԹԾͷ
Ǻǡ
ԯЦȻԵõζ
ڣ
Ļ˲ڣkԯ̬ŭkھӿԴһȦһڵkĻ𺣡
о˵Ļ⣬ڻԴ̬֯ǿ汩ףӺ֮ȡܺʶ
ʱһƬʵ𺣣kĿŭγɡ
һûҴĶ
ڱҵĻƵԯһڵkİ£֮ĸӵһʵѪҽѪռ㣬֮µħã
׶񶾵ۣõЦԯ˲ĵ׷һ˿⡣
ƾ㣿
ԨЦ
üһͻŵġ̳ǰһֻɺѪڼ׺ƬڵĻ𺣡
kҲûһѪԶֻ壡
̳ͻֳһӨ̨棬м֮ҫķ򣬱Ԩԡ̳
ôһİ˲㡰̳·һ
˱Ļ𺣣ЩӿȼյһѸپϨ˴롣
ĿףҲס̶ֳȵļӣkͷʶkӰ񣬵紵ɢ
˻ȥ˻غݣ
ǿԴ龪ţһץһͽƬ𺣣ڼ׵ʶش󲿷ֵ͵kͨĺ֮ġ
ЩkɫɭأԨġ̳
˿̴̳߶˵ģȻһ쾧̨棬͵k֮Ӧ̨棬ȻǱѹ棡
ոߴĵk·Ī裡
kǿԴ飬ԨǵkһֵǵkΪ֮Ժǿ
Ԩkġ̳͵kصһ㣬ǰԶ㣡
㣬Ҳζŵkأõǿ
ڣ͵kӦǲ̨֮棬ȴ֮͵Ѫ̨ѹ棡
õkоkִƵ򣬱ԴͻĽԴѪѹ棬·kһ㡣
k޷̣Ԩİ˲㡰̳˲伤ŭ
ں֮ģʱȲҪúôߵ¡
kһȦڣһز۵Ļ档
á
ں֮ǿŭӦ

˲ߵġ̳һشԨüĸԨͷ
kɫ֮£ŭ߲ĺ쾧̨棬һ̨֮ڳ
kȻ˼
Ҿ֪
˿̣̹˹ǧٸħ꣬ڲͬˮдЦ
߱ħЦٴκ£գۼ
ħͷʵġ̳˵⣬ܹͷȥԿ
̳Ԩͷǣ̹˹ؾеԴ壬ǣԼ
أ׵磬ľԨ̳еĵܷ·˲ȥ
ʹ˲֣ҲǰҲͻֳ
Ҫ
ԨȻһЦٴζԽ򡡢룬ǻڷʲôǿ׷ѰĽ֮Դ飬ˮ֮Դ飬δؾڵҪ𣬾ͱõԴС
ˣڣн֮Դˮ֮Դء
Ԩ֣ͷ˵㣡
ǣϵش֣ʱ֮鲻ͣⲽ߲棬ҸòýȥֻһоͱѪǣˣҡ
Խ֮еĿκ˶ܿ

½Ժ󣬻ᱻǿԴĨɱ²ܴ¡ءѪ⣬ΪһѪգڡ
Ԩô˵ˣӦá
ӳ೾ҲǺȷӡ
ûµġ
ͬʱ֮ԯ΢΢һЦ˵ȥҿҲ롣
ಣ
һԵĲȻӣԯԺͻȻʱ֮֡ء
ѪӲӵڣΪӨӨ硣
Ӵ֮Ҳ֡

Ȼ͸Ľ磬򡻹ԥʱڷڲ֡
ӲӵգѪڻ̵磬ѵӴҡͷβ
̾ߣ˷ˡ
Ȼ³ӣڵ磬Ӳ׽ʲô
ȻһУֳһεξӨˮ顣
ÿһξӨˮ飬ڲ·һˮ磬ʶŵˮ֮Դ飬ˮ֮С
ӣεξӨˮסص̦
ͫ˷ܺͿȣѵľܼ֮ۼףڳ׳
ɫɫֽǣߵĶͷͻԵ첻ˮ޾
߿յԴ꣬Įؿӵĳ֣ˮ֮ģѰⷽˮ֮С
kһ
kؾ쵽ʳЩˮʱڴ˵ˮ֮Դ򣬻ˮ֮ںϡ
kһ̧֣ʹضЩˮκĸӦƵĽ֮·ȴֵkȻ
Ԩִ˲ġ̳Ժʧصļ󣬵kô˳
k˸âֿ򡣬дԯ
һﵨ󣡡
һڶʳ
ǰĹߣݻ󵨵о𾪡
λšڻĽеսǰ壬ǱоǺǿ
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ǹĿ࿴
򡣬㻹ڵʲôΣ𣡡
ӳ೾ȡ
𾪵򡣬ӳ೾ҲԥΪһɫ⣬Ҳ뵽
ˣ

ʵԨ
ͰĲأʼͷ۲ű̹˹ֵ뿪ķĻ
һƬŵԨûһ˿ɹɵûйµĸ
ǿعأټ˺͹ѡ
ͷķĻ뿪ΨһϣļС
أǷֶķڣдʧ
ԨĽľkܸ֪ľܣǷڲ֪Ʈ˺δʹϿյķñһЩ
ȻʵԨӦԨݹһѶϢ
Ǿϲ
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գ컢׷ȥ



ڶǧһʮ 
⣬ЩЧԬһв롣
Я׷컢ǰȰ裬µǰ
ƬϺ˿Ȼ࣬ǴĸŶꡣ
һͷͨѩǣͦɽڵǰšءڵš
Ŵ˿ȾѪǽʯ㾧Өصأɱ֮Ԩ࣬ǻĸϢˡ
ǵͻȻãΪһλɫаɫëӡ
Ժǣһĳǹ͸
ĶͣͻѪΪһλʮ񡣡
ǳƬ̣һָĿǽŤͷ˿ĵãȻҲһξѪڵԺҷڵáλϣǻټ
˾׼ԼΪѪʧ
ŵʱ䲢ͨӵ׷棬žһλӢҺϸ졣
ΪٻĽ粻ú󣬱ӭԬڶΧ
ŲûǣûнΪڻҶԴԬߣһֱھܵάǡ
ܻڣա
֮ʣŶǵ̻ͷм
ʶһλֵ׷İΣʱԸԼһΪȡһЩʱ䡣
УҳЩҲȥ
ɫ¹΢Цű̬Ϻ޾ɫһѣҲá
ǺԬ£Щһǲһġ
ʮİҲЦˣԬҲͬںǵҲԸΪƴ
ѻмڴ˵ЩۿΧģҲ׷ױ̬ԸںǰءԼĵкѪ⣬Żһ
ûб컢ǿҲûѹȣԼľ
ǵ쳣ٶֻɽӳ೾ԯдħ񱴶̹˹
ݵҹĿ࿴˵ǰĽ룬Щ׷񣬶ĹҲˡȻޣǣ񡭡ֻ̹˹пǧмĻ
ļλ񣬶ԴǺӵľżİ½ѪΪʮ
Ǻദʱ䲢
ֻ﾿кȻܹڶ̶ʱڣЩԸΪ˸ȡʱ
̹˹ɬ
ưԴô꣬ԼڵļλħԴƻһͱûԵط¡
׷ꣿ
ǣŸꣿ
һȽϣħ񱴶̹˹ŭ֣ǲ̫岻ļһڹؼʱ̸ɿһ㣡Ŀ϶ңֻȺͬ𣡡
ϣⷽ治ţǽȺĲϡ

ԯҲ̾
ҲǺݳĬrͷĿǰڡءڲ޷Ԩȷй֮µ񣬶ͬԸΪΪȥ
Ԭ룬ͬʱڻĽ絮ԴĺݡԨԴѪѡԴѪӦöᷢı䡣ӳ೾ҲΪп
ʱжĳޣصˡ
ȥļ䱻һأ֪ԼԶʱڵ߲Ĺһ޵ľ
УﶼͽͱǴ̳
ԭ򡣬һҪٵս֮۵ֻ
žԽԽ֪࣬ԽԽ࣬ǰ׷ݣŷֻɱԴͷĻб̹˹ԨԨ֮
ҵľƣ췭ظľޱ䣬ҲٽΪҪˡ
侲ȥܷλںݵϷˣʵŵ㡣
зѪͳںݵķȺ츳׿Ⱥߡ
ҲȺвڣɾƾͲε־һɷľͷӲںʮ֧ӱ
ս䣬ԼΪ֮
ǰɱ˻Ľ֮Ԭ룬
µ񣬴ӹϵ룬컢±շǺѻһĵͬ
һ۰
ء
ˣ¶ļ壬Ѫţһͷٲĳ޷ѾĻȻɵ٣ҲҲ覴á
ѪݽߣڵòָҲƬϺ
ź۶ħȫǾ綾ɫᣬִǿѪ
Ρ
ʱע⵽вͶϵ׷뿪
Ҳˣǣ¹񡢰ЩĻ
ҪΪ
ЩοۿǾҪˣͻȻ㾿֪ʲô
·ԨǷ
˽Ԩ֪ķѾļˡ
ȥ˵
ԨҲûʱȥƷǶն̨Ҳܷն̨ס㣬ȹһ԰ɡ
ն̨˹붼ûж룬ͻС
ĻֻԨġ
Ҳûбѡ


ն̨
⸰ͷǣ½ǣйעһһȻʧն̨ʱȻؼС
ӦòҪˣΪ
׷źܶ꣬ڻĽԬ֦¡ϳĽɫ¹ҲýȥˣǵϢͺá
ǻ侲
ǰʧȥŵǷռ䣬Žն̨ͫڽԵľͰ
¹ֻҪܹһ£Щ񶼸ԸΪ
ɱ˭ЩǣҵӦ
飬ǵԴѪ񶼻ս



ڶǧһʮ 
֮ڡ
ӳ೾ʱ֮һ䡣
Ĭrԯͷλǧ겻֮ȫµʶ
һ϶УȨţļȰ̡
ͺԶͬΪĴ壬Ϊ˺ݵʲôδȥҪ
࣬û˰Ķ־һδΪȥţռһϯλ
ΪˣϧǰԪڣϧ巭ðű̴Ц졢ֵΧɱķգҲҪɱ
ܶ˻ὫΪѪȵķӡ
Щѡᶨһ񣬶ǳ
ӲЩ׷ʧ
άϵЩ׷ߵ棬Ϊ׷ȡ˭Ҷ׷ߣҪ²ὫѰڵһλ
໺
ͻȻ˺صĳХ˸Ŀ
ͷںݵĻƽŤɫɽĿĽɫϼ⣬ų
ûڵĵ󣬽ɽͭûʵĽãţڵʱ̴ƬƬԻ
ۣ˿ǳһ澵ӣֳǧ
УصĽȻӦȡҪõ
ܺã
Ԩ۾
ͨͷġ̳ڲԴĹ⻷ڣ治н֮ڻ
˳ؽףιҪһԨĴ
ȻУλһ𣬹ԭʼͻᱻһɹɵ
ƽҲͱָտɴ
ףٺ٣ҿǼף
ڣǾûãûʲô׿ԵҵѪ
ɽƣҪСţȻȻؾͿ˱һʶϵĿס
˿ףѱ׽̹˹ħƻȫĨ׻˶ڵkĻ
Ȼ׵Ĳʣ벻ͭ⡣
е᳤ҲǲɼԴľڹѪ⣬ղױôء
򡻹ûΪ𣬾ͷڣѪľס
ǶѪ
ִƽ֮飬ٻͣΪĿףƬƮȻ
£צոס׵ǣͷڼ׵ĻоͱϤĨ
ɲǿʶҲоһ㣬Ϳ׼ĸӦϵ
ħͷ׻㡣
ӲӵצһĿףű̹˹ȥ㿴ģ͸ˣҪ·ŵ塣
Իƽֵ򡣬˶ڣֺõЦ⡣
ҪΪʮһ𣬴͸ֵɶü
ڼʮһʱȻǶȡ˼׵Ǽף佻˴ħ񱴶̹˹Ҫͱ̹˹á
ӿɽҲ
̹˹ǺǴЦؽӹףüЦִ˿ױļ̡
Сӣȫһ̲ҵ۾ԴǱ׵ˣҿ㶼Ʋ
ħͷǵ⣬أôϵĿס
ֵɣǼڵľ֮üͷ΢΢һ塣
֪̹˹ûſڿӡ
þƵĿףǿڲһ˿ʣ͸ļֵɾ첻ѡ
棬¯УУҪٻ֡
ôſ׵ı̹˹ͣº֫˼˵ףһ£ҾͽסǰأֻһͷʮĻƽһͷʮƽ֣ûҵıס
ڲͬˡϾҪΪ𣬳ԽлƽȣѪԴͷͷϼҲʸսˡ
㣬ʸ֣ҵıף

һƬƬɫۣͻȻ׵ı渡֣̹˹죬صͷܲ򡰡ŪξѪٴ򰾴򰾡
ɿһӲͷƤ˵ȴӦһһ
ûôġ
̹˹Ц
ͷƽֻҪ껹ڣµĶ󣬾Ǿ֮ͨ
һԨһ̹˹ȻĿǡ
𣬶ôһ򡻹Ǻʤ㡣
֮󣬳ոͻĽḷ̌ҲȺڵķӿڳպͲľܡ
Ҳ֮˳سΪ
Ů廹еޣһ㣬ô顣
ȻһжѾ죬ǵĽֻʱ⡣

еն̨ѪǰԨѪܰԨӰΪѪɫ
һѪӿֵģԨͻȻûĿꡣ
Ѫն̨滹һǿ־;ηѪǲΡ
ȻĿУ
Ԩ󶨡
ڣһֲУ뵽ն̨ɹܹѪŵ׷ɱ
޷룬ҲʱƲʱ֤İȫ
ն̨ڲ
һöö˶ӣĻߣ͸ϡ
Щ˶ӣƺʵԨһǿĸȺ
Уǿӣνġ顱
ǰӶݣ׽һɷʱ䣬ѵһ֮Դӡڣ֪һԨڣ֪ǸԨֹһΪǿࡣ
վں糹ǵıϣ˺۵ţ̧ͷĻڣЩŶӴӡ
·𿴵һͷͷ߳ԨԨġ顱Ѫ
һɻ֮ԴӡһôŬ޷еľ¡˵ħֻ󷨣ħħõģҪһԼԭʼħꡣ
ǵ֮ԴӡһԭʼԴҺ͸ֻ󷨡
ǣĵ
û˵Ϊڰ֩ڣΪλħء
ҲҪ˵ԨȻͲµˣֻ֩Ϊɳṩġ֡
ս⣬ɱǿվޣȫϡ
ĳɳҪѪܣҲҪܣպðܹ֩ṩ
ľѪڳʱħصֻ󷨣Ԩնʱڵһ֮Դӡ
ʹ˵
ǵ֮ԴӡĸͺģԽԽǿԼ֮Դӡӿָİء
ࡣ



ڶǧٶʮ Դ޺ͱԴ
ϺϿ֡
׳ɽ컢һӵ̤طžȻʧ
أ
컢üͷɱļȵ¹˭Ըңôһ׷ʲô
ն̨ɫ¹
ն̨
ԣɫȻ࣬ŵ񾭣·𶼵õ˻⡣
һۣվǿѪ֮ϣѪն̨ԨˣӦòʲôΣա
лһ˿ڴ
ƺڴţĸ׺Ԩˣܹն̨ڱǰӡ

ն̨ڲĻ
Ԩһ֮ӰʶĻۣؾۼ
ƬϺڣһͷСĻ飬ôһ£
ԨĻӰoߴΰ͸ơ
ն̨ڲȻһ֣ԨԴĸܡ
̬֮ţڲᣬ·ѹûԨʻ
һ㶼⡣

ն̨ڲƵӰ˷ۣҲԴһն̨̲źͺȫȻһµʱȥɡ
ϪӰĴ˵֫壬޸ѡ
ͬʱһ˫ֳǻ۵ķܿԨĻ֮Ӱ񣬼оȥЩն̨߿Ļڣεŵ˶ӡ
ÿһöӣӦʵԨڣЩǿȺܻѪС
ʱЩڲ֯ѪѱΪһ֣ڽ̲صС
˿ն̨򡡢㣬Ѫ¡
Ԩӡն̨棬ڸϢЩӣܸܹյ
ʵԨ顱ԴѪأԭȿ֮
ǰĳŭҲΪԨˣΪ־ڱصõ챦
ն̨ڲأ񲻽ָܹƣܽЩܿöܹС
ִѲк󸣵ҸС
ں㽲Ԩߵ
ᷳأ俴һۣƬ̵ûнǰѪɢݵϢܹģ¡ɵվԺҼʹ侲״̬£ȻҲɱβ
ŹҶֱӻشԨ⡣
أ㺦ģûڣҾǽˣӦҲܹŷԨ
Ԩһ£뵽ûʱһֻ͸ķȷʵѪ֣ܹнء
ŵʱõģУļٲֺѪصء
ΪԼĵԼУ̤ǿѪ⣬Ҳ޷Щ֮ɱѪ⡣
ԨǵΧڽƣʱǱϵع
ѾѲѪѪɱ¾
Ҳ
ԨҡҡͷĻµĻӰɫֻ֪࣬ϺڵͷС飬㾿ôŪģ
ܷСͨһöϽ
ҲһͷСͬͨһö
һͷСġ顱Ҫͳһ׵顣
ʵԨѻ𣬾õ߲ԨҲһֱԨ֮š
ܹģ֮ǰֻԴ֮ɪ˹ֻͨ꣬ѪⲻԽ
ţͨԼһɻ֮Դӡ֪С顱ĴڣƾŪһͷ顱
б顣
Ǹ޹ء
Ԩⲻݣɫ䣬һشոյ⡣
ಣ
ĻεһööͻȻʧ
񷣬һööڲصľ£ƴӡѪţЩӵʧʱˡ
ֿһ𣬱Ѫ͵Ԩն̨ⲿ

ᵽѪϢԨ࣬ն̨ͼɱ
Ȼ֪ն̨ѪϢԨͷһûˡ
ⲿЩԨ࣬˿ܿҲܸоĴڣײն̨Ҫɱ
ֻٸһ㡣
ŭ棬Σ£Ǽ¶顣
ЩνĻ飬ҲԨĵkƺΪԴޣͷСԴ޵ĵǺݵıԴйءУǰڵĳɳԴڻûгǴȽ˻Ľ飬ȥɱݵЩߣǵıԴ
Ԩı£͸¶һ˵Ϣ
ʵԨĻ飬ԨԴƺΪԴޣϺͷԴޣȻͺݵıԴء
Դ޵ĳɳҲԴ
Դں֮ľģܹߣԪʵʻıԴȻ;
ʱԨҲˣŵıԴ׻ıԴıԴƺĽ
ѵͷСԴޣ
Ԩ׽Ϣһ£ЩѶϢǲҲǹȱʧļ䣬Ժ
ǡȵ֪Ĵڣ֪һŵԨȻͨ˺ܳʱ䣬ֵ֪Դ޵ϢŻӦһ䣬ҴӺε֪ЩϢԴ޺ͱԴ֮仹ʲôܣԼȥҴ𰸰ɡ
Ҿֻ˵ô࣡
仰ƾԨô׷ʣһŲش
Ԩ˰죬ʼձ첻˵ͷҲա
һ䣬ն̨ڲĻУٴθֳһööӡ
ȻЩ¸ֳӣŹ۲ԺѾӡڼѪڵġ
͸صӣҲɹЩԨ࣬ⲿ
ȴͨЩӣС
ȻΪն̨ڲصܿöЩӣм£Ԩ֪ġ
ȡģԨԴѪУҪ಻ͬӸ֣͸ҹԴ޺ͱԴѶϢ
Ԩǵ֮Ӱ仰󣬺Ȼúܵܵ
ųĬţûӦԨǼն̨ȡ׼Լ˵

ڡ
򡡰Цţ£ӴĽɫΪ͸ߴ̬֮ХµˣҲʮһˣ
棬ֻҪϤȫµѪӦµɣ
⣬ͷƽһ
ܺá
ոߴĵkһõĳĬԨͷƺҲΪĽ
Խһλϡ䱦ǳá
k΢΢ۡ
ƿҪ˶룬Ҳ뽫ǿѪkصĿ⣬ƵԨϣʵô鷳ǿԷſѪġ
㣬ûԺ󣬻Ľʲô
ԨͬʱȻɫ
һƬŵʵԨԨʵ̫ˣ鱻ѹĹѪ⣬ûȫ͸е¡
ΨУ̨̳߲ڵ͸ƿǿѪ⣬мΪá
ڵĻѪ뿪ûжѹơ
ֻܱ֤ԼȻԴǰ㣬Ҫȥ
һֱŪˡ
k񣬶ԨѪϣ㻹ûƿ֮ǰӦĴڡıҪһֱ־µȾ͸ѺܾûиЩԴѪˡ



ڶǧٶʮһ Ϊ
⣬k仰ˣȫëȻС
ͨ³Ԩ˵Ҷʶһʵ
ѹڡءǿѪ⣬ǻ᱾ܵأȥʳһܹʳѪ⣡
ûʶбԨᣬֻʣ½ʳıܡ
ʵԨԺԴ겢ĿֲԴ飬ʧȥƿأˣĽ罫ʲô
ڶޣĽĸǻȺǶû
ڵʵԨѵǻĽ粻Զδ
̹˹ֵɣľ̡ŮĻĽ壬ޡոЩޣĵ׶⡣
Դ磬˺ѱkǣҺò׽ĻĽ磬Ҳݣ
ԨǿԨԴѪ⣬㡭ƶԴ
̹˹ĳأɫϾԨ壬ɬĽһˣǻĿռ佫ԽԽС
ûĽԨĵk
ԨõkΣڹˣΪkϣĽԨһΪ֮ء
kĽ׺ܻ͵kصǿأkҪ͸Ľ簵صܣΪĽû˼ֵпô
Եkķʽúݵ壬ħӿĽ硣
ɱĽޣǻȺ׳ħħֱ鲼Ľ磬ȥѰڻĽܱıԴ
ŷϵk棡
ǰݵԴѪĽԴѪַʽǿʢԼ
Щ͵kԽǿkܻȡԽ󣬵kӦò
ҲԴˡǻĽĻҵá
kڸ߿Į
ԨҡҡͷҲţһֻҪǿѪ⡣Ҳϣ׵봴أʧصƮڻĽ磡
ĿԴɡkһ

һɴӰȻ͵ĻƽԱγɣۿ򡡣
ǵkһӰ
ӰͬԨ̬kɫأĽɫҲȹϲ㣬ܹԽ֮Դڴ˵ĴȽΪ𡣡
סˣԵЩ֪룬ǣ
һӷֱ治ǰԨϤԨԨԴꡣ
Ժ󣬻ûеȵkӦ򡱾ܵظоΣա
һͣ٣ʶ粻һȦȦţѸٵûꡣ
ͷֲԼ˭ˡ
Сģ
̹˹ڰͻȻУ쳣˲ӦˣħҲ޷ִݣٺԨ̸ۣǻΪһɫ⣬˲䳯
СӣҲһѣ
;еı̹˹ֵɡ
ʲôֵɣɫ㵣ԽǱǵ֮
ֵƮȻ͵kȥĹ۲ľٶ׼ʱ
ȻĻ·ĵkǵӴֳ꣬·ѹ
䣡
һƬޱ߹ɫ꺣kĶȻ֣
嫵İܣ˲񷣬
ⲿءڶӳ೾ԯ컢һ𵴣Ŀⶼǲ塣
еСء·𶼱ΪƬڻ꺣
꺣罫ǵߣǵʶңǺһ㣬֪Լ˭
ֻĬrˣƬͻֵڻ꺣£ǿصס־ʧؿʵ
ĬrҲȻʧɫ
Ԩ޴̬ڲصĵk·ǽkں֮ĵԭʼ̬ŲƵ
k˿̶֮ѹƣǿҵĤݣ
ĬrΪ⣬һԴһ˫طҲʧƬֲʶ
Сģ
볯Ԩߺȡ
ȻԨʱҲⲿ״
һ̧ͷԨͼ̳Ϸ񷣬ȫڻ꺣ڱΡ
ɫȻ
͸磬kɫںͽ޷
kٿһkҪˣܹԵkһԵĻܣͳӯ

˲㡰̳ϼ⣬ɫѤõķһչͼֵڻ꺣Ŀֲѹȡ
̳Ҳ֮Ŵǧ򱶣Ưգһʵʻ񷣬ֵƬڻ꺣䡣
Ӵѳġ̳һ̨棬꺣ѹĸֱ֨죬â硢߲ʯѪͲľ֮
̳Ĳ̨棬ظǿƬ꺣
أľԴĵ򷨹棬ڲͬľӨ̨ҴܣΪ
Ԩ·һֵĵkȴԨֵܹˡ
ʵڲˡ
ҲҪһС
Դ곯ãȻ˵ͷ˵ֵɵǱ֮ɲ̣Ҳͱ͵ء
ɫͫɫĻâûʧȥҡ
̬֮򡣬类˲꣡
ڽʱһֱĽ֮ѪʱҵĻܻҲ˳ɱ䡣ҴڣԨͱ̹˹첻һܻϸ΢ı仯
ֻеҵĻͻȻͻȻէȾʱǲӦ
Ʃڡ
k˵Ժ󣬾ԨߵĻ̬֮֡
Ҫһ˽ɫǹ
k˵k
ڵĽǣڵѪkԷؽŵ
̬֮򡣬ߣɣΪһ˴ɫĳǹkĻֻ֮ס
ΪʱһôԨڣҲûбܹҵĻʶȥԿһ¡
˽ɫǹĵkֹһ䣺ۡ

һƬƬϸۣܵ˳ǹǹˡ
̬֮ĵkǹ˲۵Ľɫǹӭֵɣһǹ˹ȥ
ݣ
һû˿ֱۣµĽɫԣЯĽֱֵ֮ɶȥ
һǹУûк̺ûжϢء
ֻʮһ֮ļ
⵽˼£򵥵˼£ûκεĻȡɡ
ɫԣkڻܶڸǲˣⲿܱѵĬr룬ؿˡ
С
һ⣡
ǿԨ̹˹ֵɣֻܿҫĿĽ⣡
һûʲô飬û̫вĽ֮ڵkǹʱ˲ȫܡѪȫ˼¡

ֵɵˣڲǿУһص񽣣
ǼĽ⣬е֮Ϊһ壬һӭ򡻯Ľɫǹ
һ⣬һѩĽ⣬ɲǼ
ֵɴǧ֮ɫǹĹ֮£˲ըѿΪѩ˸
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ո͵ޣľ̺Ů֪kףǻʵԨѾԴǿԴ顣
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ԨӦޱ޼ʵĻ꺣ѹȣ˲㡰̳֨죬ȥѱ̹˹ֵɡ
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ӳ೾ɫ䣬˵ȻʲôϣҪһ·ħͷͽܣԨҲûҵʦ֣򡡭ҿӦܻΪ˺ѪҴһ̽򣡡
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һҫĿĽɫԣֱӸ߿նĴħȥִ⵽˼µĽ֮Ĵ̶Х
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ŭХţӵkٴɱΪһѵĽɫĽײȥҪƽ뿪˵ء



ڶǧٶʮ ħİ
Ŀ⣬ͷӴĽɫڽΪ˽ӲӵɽһڵУյĽɫӣڻžĿ׶¯
ڳʱĽ֮ԻΪܡ
ڵģʣĽ˲ЩڣӶһա
ȥɣүһ
ͷƽХһЩԻϴ˽֮ĵ󣬻һ־ۡ
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ԨܿЧİɣҲһˣһֹĻѹơ̹˹أֵɵǰ˵ûµСӣֻҪԪûб𣬳ȥָܻ
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kɵأҽʮһʱܽڡkһȶңñħƻˣҪлһħͷû
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СӺܴ
̹˹񣬿ĬrһۣĿǿʯϷñһñ
ĬrɫأʯͲܿĿľ
ֻǱţĬrһ֣ʯᱻħΪԷӿ¸С
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ʦ
һĬrȷˣǰˣǱ̹˹һħ꣬ӳ೾Ц񣬡ʦͨ뿪һħ꣬ҪЩʲôأļʶǷ뵽ȼħİ취Ƕġ
߲ЦģԵùɶ˳һڴͬӡ
ħƳһۣһû
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컢ħ̴Ц죬ֵɣţһλλܳ۲ţɽѹţûһʤ
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ԣŭӱ̹˹
ħ˸ɰͰЦ˵ԨƴС֮Ԫ֮ҲѿˣҲһ첲ǵȻðæЩ顣
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ӳ೾̡
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
һҲ컢ͬ⻹ǲͬ⣬˵ҹҽһ¡

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ΪĻû˵ֺ꣬׳ȻϺϷҡ˺¡¡ľ죬ŤŤسءƮȥ
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Ĭrӳ೾Ҳ׷סҲ쳣𾪡
аʥ췽ʽڲӡĴҿࡣ
ұԨаʥĽôãŪֵõĽṹаʥûʲôаĴأѪչڵڣ;ͬˡ
̹˹ĹشڴȻ˵ǻŸûҸոյ˵һ𣿡
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룬ĬrҪСģǵ֮ǵĻܣпܱkʴǧҪ̹˹ѡ
õġ



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һֻħǽ֣̹˹һӰͫðϺ
Ȼ̹˹ƾһ˻𣬾жϳϺײԷͬСɣ
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̹˹˻̺·𿴵ʬɽѪӭѪ⺡ǡ
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ڸоϣм֮
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Ǹʲô²ǴԨǣȫ̹˹ǳˡ
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Ĵڣһ޺ķ粨ѸƽϢٿ򸲸ǡءײȥ
һӳ೾ԯ컢ǿҲ׷Ӧ

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ޱ߹ĺƵܣм˷ĸɢʱ֮ڶ챦ĳײ㡣
ȥרĲЩ塣
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ħ¶һЦkںķʽĥһûˣңȥŵkĻѹơ
Ԩ㶣𣿡
Сӣǿңħŭ˵ʦͲ䶥һkkǿԴ飬ɵkھǿ״̬Сӷģĺܣа취ȥεk
䣬̹˹ԽԨġֱ̳Ƭڻ꺣

ӻ꺣·͸׵ħâҫĺ档
վںͷߣӴޱ޼ʵģԨģ꣬Цô㣬ǵһΡ
ѵı۰ɫڶϱ䶯ţȻʼȡƬ꺣ڵĻܡ
ϱۿɼٶ
Ԩһû뵽̹˹ڵkִƵĻ꺣ڣȻܹȡk޸ԼĶϱۡ
̹˹kƬ꺣ڵĻܣǵk׵磡
ôܣ
ֹԨֵɣǿߣҲеĻ꺣һĻˡ
ħ񱴶̹˹ѵܰѵkܹҧkˣ

ڽӿڻ꺣У̹˹Цŵkߺȡ
kܳķɫʾֱ͸
ⲿˣȫܹأٴοڵ״
ҲȻˣһƶ׵ı̹˹Ƭڻ꺣ڴţ꺣ڵĻǶҡ
kΣkԨ̬ӰҲ˶Ť
Ķɲ
Сӣס
һϾĻܣƬ꺣ڣȻ̹˹ɣΪһĵֱֵɡ
δֵɣһ̧ͷͼĵ뵽ʶ
ֵɶȻĿһ
ĵ磬ڰƵԪ֮Ѹٵȥϡ
⡭
ֵɾ治ѡ
ԪشԵkĻΣֱٺʲˡͽ֢ҩ̹˹Це˵

Ԩ̳ջأҲȻ䷢֣k޴ڵͷͻܣ򱴶̹˹ûҡ
̹˹ЦţƬ꺣ڸЦͣ
·ͻȻ䣬쵽ʲôܣʲô
ħһƬڻ꺣·ܵԴ꣬ƺʧȥ˶ƿأԼڲǳ⡣
ԨܿͻѣҪܿȥԨλԴѪءһҪƽǰȹסǿѪ⣬˻Ľ硣
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̹˹һ£ߴٵȥǿѪϣıܹظЩӡ
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ľƣԨȷһ䡣
İɣ˵ܴ̹˹ϳĵأ˻֣˵ˣһ㣬ôͻȻҵ취ġ
ã
Ԩղٻɣһ˲ġ̳üʶ
ಣ
ֱ߱ӽˡءڲͬǿѪϡ
ıҲ̤ǿѪ񲢼Ȼ籴̹˹˵ԴѪУø̡
ڼٲС
ΪûдڵıҪ
꺣ڵı̹˹Ԩı롰ءԺڻ꺣Ƴһ۳ոֿ˿ޡ
ͷʮ޻Ȼ󣬷·𿴵ԼĻ档
ո͵ޣڽ;ħʴȻѡ
Ǳħɱ
壬ӰѾḷ̌Ů
̹˹ЩԥƺĥţҪҪĽ࣬ҲһĨýΪ󻼡
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ڽҪͷḷ̌ۿ޺ͳո˲䱬ѪֱءȥеҲޣҳޣ֮ǰҲˣ
ľ벻ףԭֹŮֵı̹˹ΪͻȻ̬ȴ䣬ֶϾͷ
ҲģӴ
Ůһ̾Ҳæ̬󱴶̹˹һ·



ڶǧٶʮ ת
ڳͷֻ򱴶̹˹һûҪͻȻѪգ̼
ľ̺ŮȻǾ֡
һɻ֮ܣ޸Ԫֵ֮ɣⲿǿߣħʹɱ𾪡
һͲĿ⣬ڴħϣҪŪ״
Ѫ֮ϵԨҲ̹˹˿̵൱ƷǰеŬ롣
ʽڼİ취ƽʵʩġ
ѵʲôԣ
ڶɱƷһ˴ħ񱴶̹˹ԨûɣĬصȺ
֪̹˹ȻԼɣڵȱ̹˹͡
ͷš
ľ̺Ůģ̹˹üֹ
λĽǿ类ס˺˼ûˣȫ۰Ͱ͵صȺ򱴶̹˹ľ
ǵֻڴħһ֮䡣
ֵɺ̹ͨ˹쳣ٶͻȻ͸ҪжӦһԴߣڽȥһ
̹˹һǷʲô
Ȼո򡢵޻ľ̺ŮҲûлŵıҪ
λĽǿߣ֪̹˹Դߵĵλ֪޿ʤֻܲϵȡ
ֻҪܻţǶԴӦ
ľƤӣ΢΢ţ˵ҪǿǰԴ硣ڻĽ硭ԸģΪûֵĶҵȺȺĽ¾ˣֻʣˡ
ŮȻֻܻȥ
˿ʼơ
ǳİﶷ־ո򡢵޵ѳ䵽ȵס

ڻ꺣еı̹˹ţٿɡ
ľ̡Ůɴ⣬ű̹˹ллĿˡ

߮һööӣð͸ն̨ڣžݡ
ѪɫܣǿѪ⣬ʧС
ż˿źźûܹ׽Ѫ⾫ܡ
Ǿ쵽˳ո򡢵޵ӦѪ⾫ܵ룬ضɣָġ
ֵһն̨뿪ᱻѪⶢϣԥʱѪ⾫·
ħͷʲô
ն̨ڲմŲ񷣬ü壺ͷҲҵ£ħͷ޹ɱǣҪһģ
ȹ˺Լɣѹںͷ񡣡Ԩߡ
ͷǰЧԬ룬к컢¹ǲһ
Ԩһ۾ܿǽ°ˣͷޣոһ˻ŶǲС
֪̩̹꣬¡ŰȻ
ͲΪУôţһֱģԨһЦ߽е֮ڣͷųһɺضԶϢôãҲԨԴѪҼ⣬Ҳѱأ
ŻȻɫ䣬ң
ƴأҪиһȥιɣԨɫһ䣬ǻޣҪǳһЩ⣬֪ʲôһãδؾƿȫ뷨
ҵģ
ն̨Хҡһ䣬ֻȻɫˣն̨ڲУȡ
ǲԨ᲻᲻ˣʵ̬Ҫն̨ɾ
Ǵ㾡ָӦԺľޱ䡣
ҵħͷȻܼ
ɫ̬ն̨ڼУҵĶҵĶħͷᣡҵٸɱһҾˡ
ԨĬأն̨ڵķ裬ܾΣ
ܲ˵Ļƺа취Ը̹˹ôħԸͷ
̹˹ˣ
컢ո͵ͻȻУһŵġơصԼԣȻͷҪһɡ
컢һڣ¹񣬰ޣݻ˶Ĺ
ʱ֮ϵӳ೾ԯҲ
ǲǿǿŷڲ̹˹ı
𣬶Ѱѵkÿһĵǿkô˵ɣkӦҲڴڶӿ֡
̹˹ûп컢ǿѪ֮еԨֻ˵Ԩ
򡣡
Ȼ˳ȥȵkƽk񵱳Ⱦº̴ЦȾ
̹˹ƽؽ͡
򡺧ȻʧɫϽʱ֮ڶͷͼҵkĺۼ޳ɾ
ûõģ귽ϣkǿΨԨңܹǵİ취ֶκ͵kа塣
̹˹ҡҡͷʾ򡲻Ҫ׷Ѿˣ˵ÿһλkͶһλǿ£ǰΪkǿkֹȳЩһһȥǵkȫƿء
Ԩ΢΢ɫ
̹˹ΪƶÿߣѰѵk
Ȼ̹˹Ѿôˣɱ˵޺ͳո򣬾ͱȻһİա
˵Ļ壿
ԨʶؿͰ壬λڽߣΪ̹˹ⷬɫ䣬ؿ򱴶̹˹
̹˹ûעǣͻȻ̧ͷڻ꺣¿kˣ
kÿɷûлش𱴶̹˹⣬һɫĮ
̹˹վڻ꺣ԵkĻ޸ϱۣһɻֵܰԪ֮ƣⲿǿߵkȫ
kֻĮš
ḷ̌Ůʵɱǣֱӵķ̹˹Ŷͷ壬һܿһ¡Ļͷۣͷۡ
˵ͷ۵Ļħͫʱէɫ
ľ̺Ůֿ־
Ҫ֮ͣ·Ľ
ϸŮڶԱ̹˹Ŀ־壬ӵ˵ȥǲǾͿԻˣ
ľһ£Ŀԥ
ԣڴħ񱴶̹˹ǱԴƿūۣʵûбϵ
ʮһ֮·ǲġ
Ժпܰλūۣôɡ
·һˣδؾлᡣ
Ѿ֮Դ飬ĵ򾫰£ѪڡڣЩ򾫰»ܿ죬ﻹб֮ԴľܿãѸͻơ̹˹һۿŮ˼
ЦѾӡѪڵ֮£ֻҪֻҪţͲƽ޹ʧ뿪ֻķʱȥۼܡ
һͻֻǻỺʮˡ
ŮȻͷګګʲô㡣
κʱΪҲãҲգk㣬ԵkȾ㡣̹˹ħͫ΢䣬鷳һƺҲֵ˷Ѿ
ˣҲˣɴ·ɡ
ڣڣ
ľ̺ŮԺǵͻȻȼλĽǿҲ



ڶǧٶʮ 
ħ񱴶̹˹ͻȻı⡣
ⲻټ¿ٸľ̺Ůʱ䡣
û֪̹˹ʲôľ̺ŮȴȼգǵĽ֮·ǵ͵Ϊֹˡ
߲͡
̹˹˻֣·λǿ
ƣľ̺Ůͫǿס䣬˿˿Ƶݶ
ضƮ죬ͱ̹˹Ļ꺣͵k꣬Ϣһޡ
רڵkĻ֮ɫصϢ÷ɱ̹˹˺ޣʱƿԡ
ע⵽ľ̺Ůȼյ꣬ɢݵƣĽʱ˵ɫˡ
Ǹ㡣
컢վĵ׷һ˿⣬ĵ޺ͳոҲڳΪʱúһΪkеУ
ڿǲֱ۶ˣ
̹˹ֿ죬Ƭ꺣ߺ޺ͳոֻͷѡΪ̫ױk͸ҲƿءֻҪٲֻȾkڽĳһ̣ΰѳͷ񡣡
⻰˵ҲǸˣΪͷҪ
ľ̺ŮǺɽеƣǶȥꡣ
ǵ깻ǿkȾλʱҪעĻܺͻʶȼԺҲֳڵkϢɫ󡣡
գ̹˹˷ˡ
Ĭrӳ೾ԯЩǿߣͷʾˡ
컢ȻҲϼ顣
̹˹ˣأҪҰ
Ϊ˵򡣬ɥͷҾܰԼԾ󻼡
ľ̺Ůȼգðݳk֮ɫϢĻ棬ǻߣͷʳѰ
̹˹ոȷ˵ˣȵkƽkȾ򡡣
һ뵽kΪһ˽ɫǹΪkıΣͺ޲ù󱴶̹˹
ò׽ʮһΪҪɵ򡣬ܲٴαū۵ˣ
Ѿ뿪˷ڶʱ䲻£ٸ룡
̹˹͵غǳ⡣
ˣң
һ̣һſŶĿǳ֮䣬ǳ켣ɬмıҪ𣿡
ע㲻עkȾڵŬʲô壿
Լҵİ취Ժоһ뷨ֻҪҺԨ޴ۣſδǽ
ľ̽ѣΪľмͷ۳һ¹Ůħм˵ǣֵҺԨôĴۣʸȥðա

ʱľ̺ŮըݳѪ⾫ܷԨµѪ⡣
Ѫ⾫ܼԶͷѪ棬Ŷö࿴һۡ
ʱǰ£ģǰĲľ֮ܺȴΪݡ
ϧΪǵЩ뵽
֮·ʧԺͷλĽߣװ׹Ѫ⾫ܡ
ǧɼĴءաľ»»ĽڳӯŸǿ
ƺ˱ι̣﹥£ûκһҪơ
ȷʵ
ĬõԨԴ꣬ڸ߿˱̹˹һۣôһ仰
󣬵kľ޴꣬дħƬڻ꺣һŵkȻڵĹ⻷ӿ롣
ͷʧܣľ̺ŮʹõkӦѤù⻷֡
⻷һţͨkʵڣkܴڲͬ
ܿ죬kԨģ󣬵kӪƬڻ꺣һȦȦѤù⻷ȫʧ
kȻ˷أ
ˣ
ôˣ
ʲô
˶ԣΪʱ̣kûмִ֡
kƿ׵ڵk뿪Ժ󣬵סħ񱴶̹˹ǿѪصԨ
¡
Ϸײŷڵ
컢ӳ೾򡣬k׷׾չȫí˾﹥ɱһƽ
̫Ծⲻk硣
ԨڷѰkټʾ֭ŵkȥ˺δ㰵Щʲô
λ׷ĸԣkǻ۳ڣk뿪ȻбԤı
ҽ㡣
ûƬڻ꺣ı̹˹һĸոյĴݣɫޱȣkĺֶΣϾͻ֡
һ䣬鷢
͸Ľ㣬ͻȻֳԴ󣬽ľˮǣк׵磬ָĵͷ磬ɲǼ価֣
˻ԵؿĽڣʵһؽеӶ
ʮһ˱ֽĽ磬ȫһԿƺֻһѡ
ʼնʮһ㣬û
ȻһûױϢӵֵӿ
ڲԨޱ䣬˼غȵԨ춴
Ԩ춴
Ԩ춴Ҫ֣
֪Ԩ춴ֲ˺ޣԨĸʱһɫޱ䣬ǿҵĿֻŸС
Ȼ
ءڵⷽǺӣкƵǿȻӿ룡
Щվⲿ񣬸ܵԼڵѪ⣬Ҳǣţ
ȫãʱ֮飡
̹˹ľӷڲͬʱ
һƬɹ
һڵֻɽ򣬷ֱͷԯĬrΪʱ֮ûж뵽鱾ڵҳ
գ۹򣬡ءⲿǺֻʣãһƬϺһʱ֮顣
˷ǺԴԴϵӿ
ĽǿڣռȽ϶Ѫ⾫ܣһ͸ǿѪȥ
Ѹٵϴţзֽת
ľˮǣ֮
Ȼ߱ûǿպڣ
ңԨһתתɲͬԡ
˿̱תģΪ𣬼Ľ֮
ɽ֮ռתһ룡
ķˡ
ն̨еţͨ͸̨棬Ҳⲿı仯ڶ෨ڽ㸡֣չֳԨ춴Ԭ컯ûš
Ԭ룬컯ڵأǻĽĵбء
ǿܣȻԶԶʤ򣬺
һûʱֲпգбɵĸһдӯࡣ
ԨûҲȷ
ȻԲɼǿܣȥתôҪ򡣬Щ˺ȥһвͨ
Ҳ˵̹˹ǶԵġ
kĳĬ͵kĲΪk˶Լ׵ĹװӣǵkĬǵĵ
ΪkƿЩ



ڶǧٶʮ Ⱦޱ
kΪͻȻȥ
ɻٴδն̨ڲ
ԴۻѪʧţź첲ûһ˿˵ļ
Ȭĵûз֣ն̨ĺܶԣĶƣ
ԨشԹԵ˵ն̨ûǺܣϴתΪûķΧ㣬תɽľˮǣһԵ
ûκԣܱڣԸ岻ͬγɶ
̳һ̨棬һҲ֮ն̨ڲСأźӲӵ͸Ļ͵k֮ǣ֪ĻҪ
ԨĬȻ
Ҳʶ㣬ն̨ġ̳ƺ̶ͬȽ¡
Ǽһﲻưոݣһкֵ
Ԩ˵ͷ
Ҳڴ˿̡
Դ˷ǺӵûͻȻͣ޶ȵȡ
·ѾԱˡ
ֱѤõûӿ֡Ԩ춴ûϢ°ųߵĹâ
ɽԲԵɭ֣ɽ貵ǺĿ¡
Ŀķڽһӱޱ
ⲿ˺ƺܽЩԴ鷨ĵа
ɫصı̹˹ٳҲkڵĺۼܲkϢȴ֪ѳӯüȼ̡
ˣɣˡ
ħӷڣͬʱ

ȥһħ꣬ڷɳߺҲڵúʱ֮ˣٴγӯͲǿ󡣡
챦е򡡢ԯ컢ɽͽ¹׷ðͷ
һһէǿ߶һЩڵĵųϼ⣬ƺôֿɼϸϸꡣ
ҴⲿȥҲҪ֤ʵһ¡
ǰı̹˹ħͫĵ˵ʵ֤Ҳеһ߱Ԩ춴ġ磬ȥһ̶ȣԴ귢ˣܴⲿɼ
ͬһʱ䣬ڷڵĴħԨգҪǿѪ⣬Ҫƿ
Ԩͷ
ˣҼȴС
һ̹˹ӳ೾롢컢һ̹˹ǶͰ˵Ҳץʱɡ
ͰЦӦС
һߣǵ츳ȥľ̡ոŮȣǲࡣ
ȻϡѰǣŬ
ɹ⣬̤ߣȴȫ
ɹˣԺž޴ķպΣҪʱСıλȾΪλıС
򡣬棬аٳ
ǰı̹˹бһۡ
򡴿ɫ·ķʮһԴĴط򣬵һܡ
ԥƬ̺һɫĵ뵽
ĵһĽڣϢɣûʲô˻
Ľ򣬺Ľ֮ǱԵˣΪһ
ҡҡͷ̹Ȼûһա
š
̹˹˵ͷ˵ǰƽ뿪ȷΪʱ򡣵kҪȾһʶħȼkƿأҲԨ̳Ӱ졣
ʱΪͻƣΪǼλ˰ںԽ
סһûᣬҲǡ
˼䣬̹˹ŰɡԨԨԴѪµУƿǿѪ⣬ǿѪƷáҲס
Ͱɼƾ
ԨվǿѪϣӡڡ̳ڵУԱ̹˹˵ķڲһس
ֻǵkĪʧ֮û¶棬жûס
kʧԺ󾿾ͼıʲô

Դ磬֮ġ
̩̹ģۺǧ챦kĴĺ֮ģһѪˮ
İ£ź֮Զڱţ֪жˡ
k̶Ϸڻ꺣ǵkʶʹۺ壬Ŀǰڵkĺ֮ģڵ֮׵ػ֮¡
һöĻӡɢѪӵϢڰĺ֮εһѪĵ뵽ӡ
ͻȻöӡ뿪˺֮ģ̶Աͣס
ӡϵɱţأΪۡ
ԭļۣkŪ֮ľһϴӴkԨڰкѪ£۵
̥ǣҲkĽ
һ̶ȥ˿̵̶УkڱԴ࣬ͳʮλµߡ
̶ϷƯŵĻ꺣УkһŻ棬һŴĺڰһͬű꺣ӳճ
ں֮ģλԴ飬ܹ̹˹һһ
׼ô
߷ߵļףһֺĻӰڻڵйŲ

kƮ뵽˼ڡ
Լ꣬kԻһ£ͱʾ⣬˵ȥݷԴǡ
һ䣬k߶Ἣ۵Ӻ֮뿪
̶صĻ꺣ϷkԨģĻӰȻڡ
һʶ´ļ䣬Եkʲô
kǿ󣬵k㹻ʶá

Դ磬ڴ
˿̣һԨ½أѾͣ˺ܾá
½ϣ󲿷СԨȺˣǿҲ뿪ȥ˱𴦡
һʱ֮ȴڴˣǿ̤ΪߣȻǺ캫Զ
ɽĺԶԻŹߣ½䡢ϡ̷ɽߡ
Դܺߡ
̷ɽͻȻѯʣǰǻҪȶã
Ϳˡ
ԶЦеشһ䡣
ֻüȴ
ûã۵Ӱͨʱ֮֡
k˫k϶еϢЩӵбԴߣʶǰļ۾ǵk
ǣ˷׷׹ȥΰݡ
kޱ飬ڶȥһڳԺݵߣͬһԲصһʱϡ
ҪȥݷԴǡ
Ĭrλ뿪ԺĿǰдս޿ܵסkЩսߡ
ο滹йߣ߶Ĳֻν֪֪ס

Ľ硣
ʱ֮ţȺƿĬrȻͲͳʯŴԴͷһǻҰϪӵķҡҷ
ʱ֪Ǳ߳ˡ
ȥȥҲûá
ǰ룬ƺҲᵽΣԴЯʯĽ磬ôһ쵽һԴͷڴˣɱ䣬ԴǵĿܡ
ȥˣɾʲôûˡ



ڶǧٶʮ ͻص֮
֣Դǿֽѣ
ĬrλԴмԨԴߣڻĽ羹Ȼֵؾ쵽ԴǷȵ΢Ϣ
ϢС֪ӺζȷžԴǡ
ұȥ
ĬrȰ˵ӳ೾Ṫ󣺡ͷһְڣʲôҶ޻ڣ
գؿеʯҧҸĽʯԺˡ
ʯʸ룬ϣܹܡ
ʯУҲܱ󣬳ԴǵһԴͷܹڻĽ类׳

ûиȥӣɫԥ
ȵȣ
ǰ̹˹ĬrеǿʯŴԴͷϪӣ侲˵Դһֵø֪Ķ
ãȻؿ
ʲô˼Ĭr̡
ԴͻĽ֮ıݣʹڱ䱡ɶԻ֮ϢڱȻܡ
ҶγͨݣҪĽ綼ʧˡ˷ıݣԨ֮ǡ෴Ի֮Ϣĸױȣ
˵ʱڵһ˷Ľڴ
ħħƣŲĽڣ͸ڶֻǸܷڵϢ
Ƭ̺ħɫ˵ǾòѰǴݳĺϢǴɢݳ
Ĭrرɫ
ӳ೾ȻkκεطŸӦ
ûĸоҲûkӦþԴ򡣵kʼմڸӦkʹҲܸ֪ǱߵһϢͨݣӦ
̹˹ɫأԵk˽ԽԽ֪kܡ
ȻǵkģĬrȥҲﲻʲôæ⣬֮󣬽Ǻˡ̹˹ų̾һѪϵԨ˵Ҫץʱ䣬򱻹ˣԴǱkԺ󣬵kΪֲ
˵Դǽ𣿡ֵɾ
ΪԴܹkֱաԴǺͺݵԴһΪkĲ̹֡˹ֻͣҪͻصԴ飬kɡڣľˮǣֺ͵kɵԴ顣

٤Ȫڡ
Ӵޱȵ컯壬˿̾Ȫԡ
һĴ֮ĸͲŮʣڴ˶Ȫۡ
֮Դ飬ʱԹ֮Ǵӵص׳ʹ֮ĸ䡣
ȪžǺ󻼣ǶԻĽ磬Ƕ㡣
Ӻݸ߹Ĵ֮ĸŴɤʼղ컯壬ǵһʯĳ˵һ˵λԴ鶼ܼһĽ磬ƱػûĽΪ֮ء
ȥתĽǺΪֱܹɵģԴԴ֮
ҲڶʱڣĽĲͬ򡣡
֮ĸĻ棬֮ԴֲµԨΪʲôȪۣǸտ
Ҳ֮ĸü
ݻӦԼԨȥ˵Ƕ߶ɫ䵭
ʹԵǴ֮ĸҲûоη֮ģڶרĸջء
Ԩ֮ҵġ֮ĸε
˲ᡣ
Ժ
֮ĸͳˣһγʱĳĬͻȻһȪۡ

һ˺۵ŨϢһġȪۡڷɳ
һ֣ȴ֮ĸͳ˿òǶʱȻɫ
Ԩ
Ԩ񣬲ԣ
֮Դ龪ֵؼС
Ԩ壬ѱkᣬ˽֪
ôǰ˵ԨĪɾ˵ĵk
ұϸԨ
֮ԴĹ֮ǣȻҫĿĹԣkһʱ乵ͨԨ̳
ȴ֣kԨδӦ
֡
֮ĸҲһ䡣
kǺԨԺ˲ġ̳ӦԨ뿪ʱȷ˵ˣֻҪڻĽ磬ֻҪkн飬ͨ
ն̨ӳ೾Ԩ٤򲢲ѡ
ܸ̳޷ֻ֪дأ֮ĸܿɫ˿ڴڣǷڲ
ȱ𼱡
˴Զ̤ƮȻ䵽ˡȪۡǰƽյԨǰͣ¡
ԨѪ֮
ȱԵ࣬һӦԴ硰֮·˾ӣҳˡ֮
˿ɲ˿ڣ鲼ĲͷظȴûһѪ
˿ݳģɭĻ͸Ϣ
ϸȻԨ򣬹ǽڣЩݵġ硱ڣš
Щţȫܹö˲⡣
ûԴĺۼ
˸ӦΣƶ˵Ԩڵţ͸¶ϢĨɱ˵kһʶ˵һkаʥΪļѶԸ
ǸλԨ˹֮ĸ𾪵
˵˵ͷ˵ԨԴ꣬ʶԨǰŤһԨ꣬ԨԼѲңǣ귽Բ޷Ԩ
УӦҲǲһ˾ʲô
˵
¡
컯΢΢һ𣬷ϼ⡣
жˣ֮ĸ
ͣ
Ŀռ϶ǡȪۡԱѣһ߲ĺ飬һûʵĻֺãӲͬѷ
õһ˶Ȼһ̶
˲仯Ϊɫ̬ĴĻҰ𣬳⡣
Ƿ
ִܹƷմܹ˲Ϣִ٤ߣȻţ
ǿ޵кУ
ֻҪ棬Ͼһһս⡣
˵
Ȼ봩Żѣӷ񷶥ƮԺ󣬻ĳ˺סˡ
ͫĮŲε񣬵ûʹɱ֡
٣
ʱ֮ϴħ񱴶̹˹һħ꣬Цţ˴ҵע⡣
ֻ˱ڴأʱҲԶ㲻Ҫôö̹˹Ȱ˳һ䣬Ԩ֡
ͬʱ֮Ĭr߬ʯҲڱ̹˹֮
ϵ룬ҲûֻܳǶԨ÷֪Ԩ˭
ԨûеkϢ
̹˹Ժ󣬽ƳһۣȷԨ𡱵ڣλĻ֮ӡǡ
ֻԨһƬң侭ͲķأƱ˿شˡ
֮бĨļ伣
Ū˵



ڶǧٶʮ 
Ĭr
ħ񱴶̹˹ոȷǰԨûλϢѾʯ
ҫҫʯٿһĬrĸ¶·һ΢򣬶ʱⷽӣй
٤ǿڣҲȻɭĻϢ
֮ĸܸıһطûĽ׸׳
㡭
üҪ˵Щʲôȴסû˵
Ťͷ˿ֹġȪۡȴӳ೾أΧšȪۡơ
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׷ɱ˺ܾãκһͻᱻʳѪ⣬ԴĻ֮ȻûȤ
ûκ谭һյ̵Ԩ̳ĵ㡣
֪ʶصĸʱӡԨļҪ
ֻҪܼɡ

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ħ񱴶̹˹һħ꣬Ԩ𡱵룬Ĭrྫͨߣڵ״
ԨԺҲһƬģ
ԨģڡȪۡİɪ˹Ի֮Ħǿʯ
ѾѳʶģµһԴͷͻȻͰɪ˹
һĻֻʯڷ
ɪ˹ȷʯԴͷʱŨȤĺйͨԵȣȥʾһ¡
ʯԴͷһ
ڴħ񱴶̹˹Ԩʱɪ˹еʯڣԴͷͨɪ˹һ˵֮ܽ
ͨɪ˹ѯһ˵ڤûʺ׳
֪Դˡ
Ľ磬Ҫٹܶ꣬ʺѸٽ磬оȲôá
һ˵ڤ򣬼ȻпǿڣҲһµѡ



ڶǧʮ ̰³
ȪۡȦ򣬴˿ʣյĴĿâ
ӳ೾ʱ֮黽̤̲ʱĹ飬һСصҳռȪȦĻâ
ѤõĻâվ£ŶһĴͨ
ʱ֮ҳÿռһâҳڲͱÿȫµӡ
ӳ೾ſӣ𽥱һֿɫǣһﲻĵȻѵȻ޴档
Ȼ׹ĳھı֯壬׷;Уо׷ĴԽԽƽ
أʱ֮鲻پȪ۵ıأһЩ
ʱ˵עԨϣԨı仯û̫ӳ೾ľٶ
ͻȻֹõġȪۡڲʼ˻
ͼͨȪ۵ĹͲ֣еӳ೾Ȼѣ㲪Ȼɫ֪̫롣
Զ룬Ȫѣ̽ѰȪ۵ջء
ֻϧδü
˿ϸ߲ϼ⣬ġȪۡһ˵ڤ
߲ϼӳ೾ɢȪڣհصϢĻۣ
֪Ҫͷ
Сģ
룬ԯʹ֮ĸھ쵽գԶԶߺѡ
ǻͬʱӦڡȪۡɪ˹׳־
֮⣬һɺ־Ȼͬ·ҪǧյĿֲϢǱȪۡˣһ˱ľ
ɿֲϢȪ죬٤һֱӵĶ⾧ͻȻ֧顣
ؿռѷ죬ǹɿֲϢγɣ٤
һ˵Ǹֲڣƺͷһ٤Ĩ˷еײĵշ
ң
ӳ೾ֵؼС
ͷų̽ѰȪеϢͿռ䷨һ־ȥ
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ҪôڻĽ磬ƸĽڣһλԸУڻĽ
ҪôֱͨȪۡһˣһĽס
ܰߣȻоԵģֻҪ̤һˣͰѲλһλԵһԱ
ֻо߱ĵŻʲôȥͰ

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ûõġ֮ĸ侲ؽͣ
ӳ೾Ϊ̽ļĥһЩεУԺ֮Ż³
λ֮ȸͬȵĴڣȻӳ೾֣Ȼʮ㡣
ӳ೾ȪۣĸеվʱλӦþͲˡ
ǰ֮ûжΪӳ೾𾯾ԸһЩôӳ೾ͷʱһ¡
˿̵ġȪۡ֯Ҫʳӳ೾Ӭ档
¡
µķͻȻ·ϼѸɢ
ķƿͼӳ೾ȴܵˡȪۡһ𶯵Ӱ졣
꣡
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ӳ೾һ㾫ͨУʹﵽʮȣӳ೾ν޵УҲﴹѶǿվޡ
˻򣬻Сʳ
յվ£ȴַʽӡڷ
Ų֪ӺδľѪĲУϵʱ֮Ѫذ£ȵľѪͼӡڷ
ۼӳ೾ҪʧȪۣ볢Էأͷһ־죬һڱβʵשʯ
ƺһΨַըò
ܵһĿ⣬ȪƺҪסϢִƵķ
ԥһ룬
ಣ
ʱӳ೾Ǳʱ֮飬Ȫͨһˡ
ˣؿӳ೾ʧ
Ĭrԯˣ֮ĸ͹֮Դ飬Կռزԣħ񱴶̹˹һħ꣬˿Ԩڻ
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ɪ˹ɫĮšȪָۡƽ֪ץסӳ೾λˣҲѴһ˵ڤ뿪ˡ
ͬʱһƼϸ΢Ϣͨɪ˹ֻʯ
ʯδκα仯ֻдĻϪӣ
šȪۡˣоһϸ΢Ϣֻг͸ɻ󣬿ʯеϪӡ
ʶһ˱ɪ˹ƺΪȵǿߣڽӴʯ
һϢֻͨɪ˹ɪ˹޷⡣
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ĥһ£֪һϢݸѶϢǣ㲢㼴ִڤ㱾ǲȱģҲ޷ΪµԴǡ
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ܽΪԴǵԴͷͰɪ˹ͨһ˵֮
ԷƳǲȱģûдӦ

ͻȻ䣬̹˹ǵħ꣬ԨתһȦִԨǻƮݳȻףӳ೾أ
ĬȻ
̽Ȫʱһ˵ĳˡ
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ħȪۣİɪ˹
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嵱ԴʱѱԸģܱܿҵ׷ɱָõʱ֮飬ڻĽԴ粻˭ܴȥ
ҲĺһֱܵȻݡΪδڿռܹԽĴڡ
ѾˣΪܹǰΣ
ڣһͷ
̹˹ӳ೾⣬˵Ԩܰʣħ㡣Ҫ㽫ڣһֵĻܽʹá
ĬrʯʧˣȻһǿʯȡֻ㡣
̹˹ӳ೾ʧɵӰ죬׼Ԩһϼ
Լ
ûͬ⣬ڱ̹˹ԨԺݳһ̬ҲԨ
Դ귽֪ѷɫ̫̹࣡˹õ
š

弴֮ʣԨߡ𡱵ͻȻӨ͸壬ҲӨⶥײ
䣬ȴ䲻ȥ
ڴǱߣԨıںؽӦ
̹˹һۣ֪ڣȵҵһħ꣬޷ָӦͻ֮ϵıͷߡ𡯵ڻ״̬
ħ˲˼顣
ܽиӦ



ڶǧʮ 
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ǿѪ֮ϵԨʱ
һΪ֮ն̨ʱһš
һ߱Ű˲ġ̳ͷ⣬ΪԴĻ֮£ʱ뵽˵̨档
嫵Ļľתֻصķ򣬱øΪ̡
ԨķѾЩӵ֪ʶӡ̨ڲµı仯
վδܵסk
еı̹˹ϧҡͷп˵򽫻٣ĬrûͨʯߵĻԴǵɼŶ
ֵɺҲɫӡ
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Ƭ̺󣬴ħ񱴶̹˹ؾǵѤ÷ڣһɷɵĻܡ
ĻܣЩڻԵ𣬲һԴͷԡ
kûԴǣk±仯ֱӷӦ
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ԴǵĻ֮ӡʱkҲ˲Ļע롣
꾫صķ򣬽Ϊ
ЩԻɵĻע룬ܲıø࣬Ҳһ
kÿkķҲڼ
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Ԩ̳ĵ͵߲㣬ź̨ĽӴͻ䣡
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̹˹𺳣ĵԨԴڣԴǵĲʳûѵҲӦԨ̳
Ԩġ̳ᴦԴ꣬ԴʱӰɣ
ˣԨıԶѲ˵k

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Упֲޱȵġ顱·ڳš֮ź
Ҳڶ౴̹˹壬оѷɫ顱̫ĳǻȺľ뢣ʱĽԴѪġ֮
ꡰ֮Ԩ˼ʶǻۣڽǵ£ڸܱѪ
飡飡
ٲѪˮԨǿӴѪ뵽̳߲㣬̳𵴲ݡ
һɳǿѹ£̨߲棡
Ҳֱӵˣ̨߲棬϶Ϊһױøԣ
ʲô͸͸
̹˹ץԽԽ磬²̳˿̱仯⣬֪ԨԴ꾿ûйϵ
ףֵɺⲿǣȻӲ֪롣
⡭
ԨڲСأҲڴ̳춯
ӦԴѪ̨棬Ϊһꡰ֮ԻһԾ߲㡣
ʱѪ̨֮Ҳһɰѹѹ̨߲棬ںϵļ
ɵʱֻмѡ
Դǰڵkһֻ֮˹̨ʱ䡣
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Ѫ̨֮ӿƵѪܣһγ˸ǿѹҲҪٳ̨ĺ£ҪѹǸؾۺϳһ㣡
ܲ㡣
ԨͻΪо̨ۺϣҲ֧ܵš
ͷٿһȻ򱴶̹˹ֵɣа塢ķ
Ѥö˵ķڣ˽ľˮǣͺ⣬зĻܴڡ
ңһɭĻ
Ҫģ

̳ĵ㣬ȻֳѪɫĳӣһ΢ġֻ¯֣һõɽ˳Ρ
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ȿʵ֣
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ǾۿɼĻ֮⣬ܵˡ̳Ľڷ룬ֱ̨߲
kڵĻܣܣһ̳û
һĻɵֵɵˡ
ڵkսڵkԴʱkڵĻܣеkȡܣȻԨԡ̳˶ˡ
ֱǻڶʳ

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ˣ˿Ҳͷؿе䡣
ͻȻ䣬ǿЩʣಿֵĴ½ݳģϢĻܣزϷƬڰ
ܵĳָ߼ǣǵ£һɹɻƾʧ
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˲Ծоʲôغλջ񣬽ڵk;ˡ
Ȼɻ󣬽ľԴҲ𰸡

̳£ںΪһ
̹˹ħͫ¶ɫȷˣ̳ʲôޱ䡣
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ǵԨġ̳Ϊһ壬ϳһ̨档
̹˹֪⽫ζʲôȴڴ
ڴţ⽫ΪԨλֶΣڴԨƵһ̣һλķӦ

ҲڴʱԨȻ쵽Զ٤һ
ͨӦԴǣڶ֮µ̨棬Ǿߡڲ״
һЩλ۸ĵĻ֮磬һشţɼ
𡱵ڣȻһܶ塣
۱̹˹Ĭrڻʱ̣֪ݣkȾԻ
ԨڡءУ̳סԶ٤ԼǾҲӰ
Ȼʵˡ
Ļ߲㻺ںʱȻܡءƣֱӴ𡱵塣
ǹ룬УԴȾ
ͬǹڡ𡱵ڲԴµźܣӵȾ֮޳
ŻǵڣԻ֮ʶ˲һΣ
λͨûԴǿʱԴǰ̳ɹںϣҲڴǿ
ڵ̨棬ͼϳ壬ҪѹǲѪ̨֮棬ȴʼղܳɹ
ˡ
٤ԨҫԵĻ£˾ɲĿۡ



ڶǧʮ ٶֳŵ
۵һߡܵ˴ȻѸϡ

ܣɭĵ˿ڴ˿ڣۿɼıš
֮ǰĬrͱ̹˹ŬǴڲ⣬ơ
ҫâ£мǿ
ɼǵѺۣ˲⻬
δ˾ƽڡȪۡǰԨѾֱͦ
ŵ̬ȱΪٻվ
Ȼͻֳصģǡֻ¯©̬
ֻ¯էһԨ·ݳףĹĬrһֻ֮Դͷ
̬һĬr룬ħ񱴶̹˹׷׶ݡ
ġԴ֮񡱰ɪ˹еʯͣͲ˾ӣбɪ˹нĹ񡢹һڵĻȻӭա
Ѫɫ˾ӻʣȣޫh񣬶ʱ˹ŭŰɪ˹
ͨɪ˹ڤ֮йͨȻҲļ
Ԩ
һ̣֮ڵĹ֮Դ飬ԯŽסȡ
ûˡ
ԨɫĮ
Ǻʦ֣ͷԴ߲Ȫһ˵ָܻˡ
ħ񱴶̹˹һڴ˵ħ̲꣬أôһ仰
ԨȻ
̹˹˵ӳ೾ʱƺԷΪ߻ڵıû˵ӳ೾ĺʦ֡
ħ񣬶Ҳϣӳ೾ôһͽܡ
ӳ೾һˣһλͨеĴڴԺ󣬴ħ񷴶˵ӳ೾ĺʦ֡
֪ġ
Ԩף͵٤Ժ飬صļ档kԺ̤һ˵м䣬ǱkĨ
ڽͺԨƮȻˡȪۡıأվӳ೾ǰط
ҪСġ
տһҲȪ۵ıͣס
һвŻĿֲϢ߿ɢݡ
ڼµУڶյĻڣ˵ڽԺ󣬾ȹˡ
ýܹںӡԴǿ
ʯڵһ˵ĿȽӴͨɪ˹ȥڤȴԷԲܾ
˴һϢиӦѶϢûжκ˵ʱȴԨˡ
Ĭrɫʱ䡣
󣬸ڷ룬ҲʯڣĻɺ
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ȻԷܾˡ

ԨͻȻŰɪ˹֣Ҫʯ
ɪ˹Ц䣬˵ƾʲôҪʱ
Ԩٵλ֮񣬼ȻҪֱӶԻȻҲңºʦӳ೾ѱǱһλǿ°ߣҲ̸
ʯȥڤ󣬻ܾˣ˵Ҫʯ
㰢ɪ˹
һԨɫ䣬Ҫ̬ҶԻҺú̸һ̸ĻͰѶҡ
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֮ȣں֪λѶֻܹԹ
ɪ˹
Ԩü΢а֮ɫ֡
סһ㣬ҵļѣ֪ԼԨĵλʱԶһȡ㰢ɪ˹ҲԨҳΪԨ֮һԶԨˡ
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߲ԨĿߺҶƽƽĹϵҺ͵kϵƽ񣬰Ժ󣬵kҲδҡ
ˣаʥȻΪˣ㰢ɪ˹߱а񡣡
㰢ɪ˹ҲʸԻ

Ԩֳȡ
ȪܱۡߵдڱųĬλԨԨԡԴ֮ԳƵİɪ˹жôķŭͱ꣬λڤ֮Ȼڿ
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ʯסУѹġһöʯһ

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һشصĹڣǻΪԴǣһµĻ֮
Щ֮ӡԨ̳ԺֱԨӡһݣתʯڵ
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ԨԵkĳŵ
ԨҲû뵽ܹôͶֳŵû뵽飬ں档
ڡ
ԨԴӦķϢμȴһĻܣԨġ̳롣
ܣΪ̨ں
Ԩԡ̳֪٤ҪʯԴǽĻ֮ذ£¾һݶֳŵעԴͷʱ
ûڵ֪ӺζͻȻڷеĻɹ˸ǣ
ЩɵĹ˸Уģļ仭棬Ǻ̬أǺľйء
Щ˸صļ䣬漰ԴǵҲû̵İظ
ֻԴǰÿÿʱ״һЩ˼ǰԴͷסʱkһЩ档
Դ˿˵kǿԴԣ޹صļ䣬ֻɺҡ
λԴʱǿɣĽ硣
ܳΪܣҲûл֮µļ䣬kǴ
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ڶǧʮ һ˵õȮ
ԨҲܺ档
ԨԴ֪֮İɪ˹֮Ļ֮ºλ֮Ӧ˽ԨԴ״
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⣬ħ񱴶̹˹⡣
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ʥиӵĽṹڶаǺڵѪУŪ׸ôԨԴʶаʥз롣
Ԩ֪һЦһˣkаʥʱ˲С鷳
ߡ֮УԴʶĨ˹
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ԨĬƬ̣ͻȻʵȷʵ֪ʥܣҲ֪ʥĹɷʽҲа취kʥ롣
ȪŤֹĻӰֹͣרע
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ԨЦݣ˵kȻȥǵ磬Ϊǵ鷳ͺûϵˡܴܲkҲ޹ءѰܸʲô
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ȻӰӦԨ㻹һ룬ܸұʲôɡ
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Ů̬Ĺ֮Դ飬ӰģkЩţҡͷҪȥȥҺòӵҿɲȥأ

Ԩ̫Ѩ͡


Ԩ塰̳ĵ͵߲㣬߲Ѫ̨֮泬ǿѹ֮£ڷںƵܵע£ʵغ£Ϊһ
˲ġ̳ʹ˱Ϊ߲㡣
̨ںԺ޼һԨǻۣĸ򣬶Էͻǵ֪ͻȻһĸ߶ȣ
ԾˣķʽˣǰԺ˼ҲȻ

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ϸ緢˿Ѫâڷ뵽֮
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дС֣͸ϢԨоϤ֪Ƭ̣ʧ½ȥ˺δ

Ϊڴ˷ֵ½أﱻԺγɵܡ
ܵk֣kĨɱĹΪһɹɭĻע뵽ءǱߵķ
Ԩ
ˣ
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ԨȻһЦͻȻ͸ϿշʵԨ䶨
ҹ뿪
ն̨£ƽûһ˿գʾ롣
ֿյĽľСɣ
ؼԨĽľԵüѣ֦ҶһΡ
ľ֪ΪԨġ̳ͻƣһͬĴУչڵkkࡣ
kҶε֮ʣ޴ޱȵС
Сͺá
ʱľն̨
ඣ
һԨٴγںڰ֮£ʵԨ֮ϵ
ĬĬֱ֪λĿǰȻܸӦ
ڡءѪģĿǰģȻһ
ǸĿǰε״̬
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ȷе˵½аʥĿӶҲǡءԭ֮ء
һĻģȻӳ
Դ򣬴½ʧĴ󲿷½أнǿս򶴴ڶ˾һһնϣ
½˵kУk򣬽һ繥
һ㣬̴֮ͻⲿ
ǸаʥڣѽԴģ©ġֻ¯¡
Ŷڵģǵ
·ʱ򣬵kû̩̹뿪Ԩʱkڵķλ
߲Ԩʱ·µĺڰڣkͺڰԴڴ½ء
ڡءȥаʥҲС
ڣΨһܽӴkӴڰԴͨ
ͨµǣk·ʳԴǣкԶߣ̷ɽнڵļλɣƾˡ
·ĵkǱزɲ⡣
kعˣ߻ع˲ڵkԭȵڡ
ԨĬһʶȻն̨ȥѯʽľĽ磬Դĺѡһط
Ľ磡
ȥĽ磡
ľԴͬʱӦ
ƽͨϷ޾ڰתǰԨ˵ͷ˵ǺãҾʹȥĽ硣

Ƭ̺
ڡءڲʧԨֳն̨֣ݵطɳ
ն̨һΣһ컯޴ͻȻֳ
𣬵컯֮۵Ѱ֪Ҫ˶ٱ
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ľһڴ˷Ǻ¶пݻƵҶɳɳҡǿʱ͸֪٤Ĵ֮ĸ
ľޱȵļkkˣkҲ˹
ںܾúܾǰľʹ֮ĸǼʵѣȺԴ鶼Ҫ
ֻ֮ĸϷձԨ֮ʱڵԨɱ
ǿԭʹ½һӴ޵½أӴ˱ѣ߲ԨĲ½ء
½ûǰľϣʹ֮ĸһֱ顣
Ҫȥҵk



ڶǧʮһ л
ǻĽ簡
ʵԨԨתڵءߺš
Ľ磡
Ҳе˷ܡ
۲İ򣬸ռȽ϶ѪܣüﲻʺңҲʺɷħĳɳ
ڻĽ磬κһأбԴŨѪ֮
ȴƶ񤡣
ɷħ˵Ľ粻һĵطȸܵ˲ڡ
꣡
ҵϲ磡
СţѴն̨룬šءĴεǿѰҲ֮ǸŵԨؼκαĵطܹҸжıأ
Ԩ£Ҳʾͬ⣺ȷʵﶼȥԨǿ
ȥġԨ
ǰ컢ڶ
˽ԨǸ߲硣԰ڰΪǽ󣬡٣ȻʵԨƬ޾ĺڰ֮£Ҹķ
ءе˵ͷķһҪ
֮ʵԨƨûȫûһ˿ɹɵ
˺ܾõǸطһøжûµǹطѾˣûʲôÿ̽ģȰǧҪȥ
ôһ˵ţڵֵɣɫŹ
ǶԨҲĸȤ籴̹˹һ̽е״źֵɶʱûȤ
أڴ˷ǺƮʱӴޱȵĽľ֦ҶƮҡҲȡŴ˷ǿܡ
ľԨļ󣬸ڴ˵ظ֣֪ǿ䲵ӣȴܰ硣

kÿһƬ޴Ҷ޵׶㣬û
ݻƵҶ䣬ͷųʰϼ⡣
ŵkȡתΪľܣkƺӭͻơ
Щ޴Ҷ֮ϣµϸ֣µĲľӡڵkʶΪkһ֡
ңҿ»ᡭ
kϲĻԨġ̳ǲ̨淺
ţһ˳Ϊ߼Դ顣
ԨŵkϲãЦɼİ˴Դ飬ÿһΪǷȷͷĲľԴ飬Ǹ߼ͨңĲľ£㵱ȻᳬԽ
лл㣬лл㣡
ľϢ·ÿһƬҶӴkϵرʾл
Ԩ֮ʱѡҡ
ԨȻһЦ
ϵ̩̹ṳ̂ԴǰԨԴλ൱νƽƽ
Ƿڰ򣬽ľʹ֮ĸһֱ飬Ǹʱʱ򣬽ľʹ֮ĸȴ˲ͬѡ
ľѡ˳ӣĲľ̹Ȼ֪Ԩ
ȻԨġ̳һӦڵkĲľ̨棬ľҲѡ
֮ĸӣԱˡ
뵽ԨЦ֮ĸӭ˸kδؾԸ㡣
Ǳֵ൱ͨ˷صǿܣʵԨĵĽľԲæô죿kϽңҵĻҸô죿
ԨҪҵģҺ͵kܽϣڵk֮أҶԵká
ľ
̫ģkںѡһˡԨЦŰο

Ԩն̨չΪСء̨ġءٴиס
磬Դһ·ʱ
׼ȥ٤򡣡
һ򡣬壬ˣ׷ն̨

ԨЦЦ
ˡءն̨ڴ˷ͻȻ㣬ûǿܣϴӾΪ
ն̨Ө׵ĹĻһϴӾá
̨ʱЩϢٴαһ
ڱ̹˹Уʱն̨ĺݴ缫Ϊơ
ݣҲͨɼǺӵܣΪɹκɵ
֮ͣҪСԨ롣
ɫľȻֵɣԲɿ򱴶̹˹
ʲôħһۡ
ֵɱ㲻ٶԣ򡡢˲ͬûվ̨֮ϣǽն̨ڲСء
һУͿʼȡתͥСһؾ
һħ٤ұֻҪܺǵħ깵̹ͨ˹ЦǺǵأ˵һûĽ磬ҴڻĽĸתһת
Ľ磬ɲֻЩȺḷ̌Ůǻ飬ҲȤ˽һ¡
⻰һǰһɫ̫ÿ
ҲñڻĽ
Ȼ֪ƶκ¶ֹ۵Ĵħ񣬾Ʋ硣
ԺݵĲߣ񣬶򱴶̹˹䡣
ԴʱΪרעɱǿվޣ̹˹ҲԸǿվȺգĳͻࡣ
żεĳͻҪֵɣ̴Цȫˡ
Ԩûѣûнǰ̹˹ΪɵĴڡ
ԬִѾԼΪĽˣ뱴̹˹˻Ľ硣
Ҫʲôֲܡ
̹˹ЦһֻǺԨ˵ͷƮȻȥ

Žףһˮħı̹˹ȥ;Уħɳһħꡣ
Щħ˷ӿȥ̽ͬǺء
ŵۿļʮħڲͬȡ΢Ļܡ
ƺǱ̹˹һеķ



ڶǧʮ 
ħˡ
òӢȵİ壬ĿʹħԶȥڷࡣλͨ⣬ɡ
Ա̹˹ǾԴʱҲħȺļᶨѡ
ΪħȺϤЩǿе֪ħ񱴶̹˹Ѫսͨɢħ꣬ڲͬǺָ
ţȷʵס
Ԩͷȱ̹˹ħӰԺ󣬷ȼԼħ꣬λһʶʯ٣ŰѡĽǺӵĻܼϡҪ벻ͬħ꣬ڲͬǺۼܡ
ĬȻ̹˹ʧλԵЩӡ
Ԩ
ԥƬ̣̲ס˵֪ΪΣҸоŸӦ
һҲҲǡ
һ£ҲҲǡ
ڵʱԨ֮ѪӦͶˣûʱܹԨ̽ʹѶθС
ڣȰ塢˵仰ʱҲԨӦ
ָӦͨǺӦġ֮Դ顣
Ӧģҵ̳
ԨȻһЦΪǽ󣺡λǱöӦŽ֮Դ飬ˮ֮ԴǳԴ顣ȻԴʶԣ
ҵ̳ڲ˽̨֮棬ˮ̨֮棬ǳ̨֮ԺأҲǿܱΪԴ顣
һϢ֮ã̳н̨֮ˮ̨֮ͨ߱ͷš
ȻãӲӣﲻƵļӲС
ٶ鲼ڵľѪˮӹ졣
ı仯̾һ
ǲµûԨġ̳ڲͽˮӦĴǾͲռΨһ
ʱԨͻȻƳһš
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ԨͻȻߣ
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ԨҲն̨иšء߲ϼ⡣
ûм˺շ϶Ӵ˷أֱ٤
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ն̨šءʱأŻĽǿ̬Ԩ̳ͨӦ
̳Ѳ𣬺ͼԴġۡ
Ե򡣬壬̳ͨ
٤컯壬֮Դ飬֮ĸҲԡ̳
ȥı̹˹ǾˮħǷħ̳꣬ͨĵھŲ㶴
ζţɱħ񱴶̹˹۱̹˹Ѷٸħ꣬ɢڶǺأһһҵ
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ţǿѪĲְأ˻ĽԴѪԴԴѪ岵ӵѪ
ִͨӻķʽȻҲԨԡ̳ĵʮ֪
ңͨʮߵġ̳ԨܸܵţȻ
һվĵǰŰɫ컢¹񣬰񣬴˿ԶԶעն̨š
һȻƬӿϺ
ɫܺģŲ֪ʲôʽŪġޡޣ̹˹ſƲס
Ԩ̳ĸ֪Уһţ
ΪԼһ
¶Ϣɢݵģʼձһ¡
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Ϊ

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ӿϺϣΡ䣬ŵĺƵܼӵ
Ȭﵽǿ״̬
ն̨ȫʧκ覴õľݣȴ¶ֲ졣
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аֹ
֪ΪΣʧҰ͸֪еԨȻһ֣ڴ˷߿ոĹС
ͷ죬һƬ谵ǳûһţȻҲûԨڵļ
͸оԨȻڡ
ԨڣƺϤܣ֪Ϻڵͷޣһֹϵ
䣡
ͻȻ˷ӣޱ޼ʵɢ
ǺѰԨĴںۼ̲Ѫеܣ·ŵľϯ
ֲʯⷽսĸƬͨͨ촷ۡ
ϧһ
ԣҵĸоˣȻʲô̽ң
Žʧ侲
ɫ¹񣬲֪Ϊζŭæʾ컢
ֹӵܣһʵʻĶӻֽⷽǺӡ
оǣ˷⣬ûʲôɼĺô

̤һšơİ׻Ȼǣʱ컢´˿Ҳ٤򡣡
Ѿͷµġ
ڽԺűѸ侲ִѰԨĴںۼ
ЩɢܣͻȻûڵұڡ
ڶһ
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ƲƲ죬֪Ŵ˷Ǻӵǿܣüû컯ļӳ֣ﲻǷֵʥҲûʲôˡ
˷żսıǳըѿ
컯ڶʱֳڶмֵ飬ݺݾȡһǿܡ
֮ûն̨ͽľԶȥʱҲȡǿܣԬΪصѾûԭơ
Ǳ治ùܣ׻ʡ
õ
ָ֣һϺԶȥ

٤
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ĬʱߵҲû
ΪͨԨ䣬֮Դشͻƣˡ
ҶڹעԨСءڵһʱûһ˵֮
Ҹо˽ľ
һĴ֮ĸ΢ʱ컯ҲȻһ
ҧŭȻҲ˻Ľ磬ң
ΪʲôҼ
Ԩߡ𡱵ͱʱֻ̱ͨ΢Ц˵յ㣬Ҳ˺͵kһѡôkûһ𷴿ңûһѵǴ󣿡
֮ĸһ£üľʱϺҺδؾͻ䡣Ҿãл߲ԨصԴ硣
ʱ̩̹ûԨûνԨ֮š
֮ĸȻԭ½ľ
Ԩ
üȪԱ߿ڡ
ôˣԨЦʵ
˵ָȪһӰֵ֮񣬵˵ģ˵̹˹Ҫˡ
ңҾҪˣһħڴ˵ı̹˹ۣħͫɭؿȪڵĻӰЦһ˵ڤ򣬱Ϊ֮ѵΪ֮ƺҵ
̹˹Ȼš
˵ȵȰɡ
֮ȣͨ͸¶Ϣŭ˱̹˹ȴԨģ̳ͨ۲⡣
֮
Ԩ٤ɫȻϾű̹˹˵ʦûоħʧ𣿡
û̹˹ҡҡͷҲ㲻ᷢʲôɣ
ţǾħħ꣬ڻĽ粻ͬȡָЩħ꣬ƺȫʧˡ



ڶǧʮ 
Ԩһ䣬˵ǿߵעʱڱ̹˹ĵħϡ
Լûио
ħ񽲻ʱλҫһĹ⡣
ĪĻߣɫ㽻֯Ųţγ˴ҿ͸ء
ʹ׵ħйͨ
ԨôȥҲͨԼı̽Щӱ̹˹ħѳȥڻĽ粻ͬƮħꡣ
ȷʵδܸ֪κħĶ
ˣ̹˹ͣ컯ϵģһͬħ꣬𽥱õ
һ޵Ļ꣬ɼѸٱģƺܿͻɢ
ǶԵģ
ԯһ͵ؿȪǵ֮ĻӰȣԨûк˵̹˹˿¡Ҫˡ
һߡڴ˵Ԩ̹˹ɢħ꣬˵Կ

һƬҫâ̹˹ħ֣ͼֹɢ
Ȼûʲôã̹˹ħ껹ţ
ĬrŪʯԨȡ
˱ˣ߱ʱ̣ĬrὫ֮ͬͨأöʯı̹˹Ž
ڣۼ̹˹״Ĭrʯ
ҪͻȻȣҪȥ
ҲڴʱԨӦˣܹϢӻӰͷš
֮ȵĻӰ֪˳ˣҪֹ̹˹ǵħ꣬ʯ
ͣ£
Ԩæıע⣬Ҳֹ
˶ֱ̹˹ħ꣬ڴ£һػޡ
㶼֪ʲô
λԨżˣ컯֮Ȫ۵ıأͳ˰ѯʡ
֮ȣڵأѡ˳ĬԶԡ

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ž
ܼ磬γһƬһ½Ͽպը
Ѫȼߣܹȡ׳ޣ½š
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֪˶á
ʦ
ն̨ԨıͻȻڴˡ
ףѰ
ԡеı̹˹Ԩն̨ͻȻðһ㲻ǸôŴأȥȪ۵٤𣿡
̹˹ɫЩΣûеԨش𣬱ڨЦѵǴСӣⷽصô㲻ȶһ磬ӻͻƣ
ʦڵ㡣Ԩҡҡͷ
ңʲôõĵģ
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٤ħ꣬㻹ܸо𣿡Ԩʡ
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Ҳ
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Ϊ˶ԿΪѵߣú˼һЩ⣬Ҷ
ö֮һƿ֮һʶİ취

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оˣ
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ڴԷħɼܣΪ˵ˣܱһϺõ״̬
ڣħȫʧˣҲ֪Ծˡ
ڣ·ͻȻ㣬ѹƵkֵƬ꺣㻹ڻ꺣ڣеĻܽϱҸֵһĻֵɽԪ֮Ѻ޸
ʦ㾿ôģ
Ԩɫѯʡ
է̹֡˹̹Ȼ˵
է֣ʦɻǵãô˾´ԼһͷԻ𣿡Ԩʡ
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˵ҵʱνէ֣ǵ⡭ڵk̹˹ɫޱ䡣
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̹˹ȡ

һħ꣬ˮħ룬ⲿ
ûҲûκĸ棬ħ꽥ֱȫʧ
ǶԵģ
̹˹֪ˡ



ڶǧʮ 
㣬Ժַû꺣֮ܣkʶŤֵɵ˵Ļǡ̹˹̾ЦݿɬȻֲ˵kĵ
ħ𾪹ת˲ָ侲ѵħ꣬ħŻɢ˵kȾħ
ȿܷҵ޳
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׵ħٴγ䵽ǸҵУȥǼӲӵĿףˮһħֱӱ¶
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Ԩ֮ɱѰǴ̳ͷԣĨ̹˹ڵkȾ
Դʱ֤ˡԡЧ
ҪԼĨkȾ̹˹ܾˡ
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ڶ൹⾧ڣȫµУԳķʽɡ
ԴѪɲ
Ԩıһ֣ҲԴѪʱܵһڵk֮ϵĿֲϢ
֪Ϣϸϸֱ󣬵kһ˽ۡ
ڻĽǸk沢ûͬ࣬ѾԨˡ
Ԩιʲô



ڶǧʮ Դͷ
ص
ͣ
һܼѪͷѣĿĹâ¶ӱϢʼڲͬ⾧ڲɡ
kһĸ߼Դ飬ٻµУ
Ʃkʹǰ磬ĽԨӶЩǻȺѪkԺγɡ
ϵֵ̩̹߲ԨľĹ

ʶӰӣؿ⾧ڣѪɡ
ʱ֪ԴѪ˿ţбڵkȫ
ܿµĵ⾧ӱĹ£ƾ
µѪɫ⾧ðüζԴѪȻ˶ɱ䣬ʼһֵͻƣ
ԴѪ
ѾҪǵãԴѪһεʲôʱˡ
𣿡
ӨľڣӰӣ߶еķʽͨ
ڻĽɹˣǻǼһԬС
ֻһѪɫ⾧ڣֳѪӰŤţ˵ǽǼһˡܸо̳߲㣬һǼһ֮
һĴڣһλ߼Դ飿ãȻѯʡ
š
أ
ڽǼһ£СԨλģող£һͬҡ
ΪʲôҪ
ԴѪ֪λش
kĽЯءĽԨܹ˵Դλͬ࣬Ԭа㣬ҲԨͬһݡ
ԨҪ̵kܽѪ̲صİؾ롣
kǸʱ򣬳ûռǿѪ⡣
kԨͬ࣬УٽǿѪڣk߱Դһս
kһ˻Ľ磬ĽԴѪ
Ԩٿһںƾ̳͡ʮȻӦԨûڱkȷŻĽλͬ࣬ѱԨԵkķʽ뵽ʮѪ̨֮档
λʶѪܣУԨȡԺԨѹҪͨkѾڼԨλͬС
ʮ㡰̳ԨͷŵϢõkС
kҲţʱԨԵk֣ʹмkҲѰѡ
ڵkֲ̿ʱƫƫڶע룬ǰӡһݸkֱӴٳɵkٴνס
k˸߸ϵԴ飬ԨkΪĶ
ʹԨô⡣
kΪ߱ѵkԨ練Դ㣬Ҳɵkk׼
û뵽Ԩ˵kһľϲ
硣
ɡ
Ԩһ£ͽѩݺصѿķ϶
ݺܵһԴͷٻ統ıܰ㣬ǵص׷϶룬һֱһºıǰ
УֳӰԴѪͼ
ԨģԼ
ҪȻҲһͬԴ沢Ҳ޷ۼͱصҪһλǿѪҲܰס
ԴѪѶʱһѪӱݳѩӹס
ѪУд֮ѩӵڣ࣬ЩǱغѪ
ѪͻʮʱԴȼӦûһء
ԺǸм˪ѾͷҲ档
ԴѪѲµԨ뷨
ֱʱkȷԨûж⣬kġ
Ƭ̺󣬵kźͼ˵ң̳ܺͨͨǸñʾһ⡣
ţס
һ
̫ʼǰں˺ѵԨͨԼġ̳֪ԴѶ
ӭ
ϲ㡣
Ԩ΢ЦţӦ䡣
̫ʼʱС޲ף˪磬ȺطŶŰΧ
ЩһﵱȻ֪ڻĽ絽׷ʲôûгɹ
ұģ˵˵̹˹ˡ
򰢵櫣Ǳ֪ǹĴħ΢Цû¡ˣֵײأҲ˻Ľ硣
λħǿһ

һҫĿǹ⣬ӱǳХ
ǹⴹԺĵ˿ϱ³壬ն̨ԴѪ½ּæѰ
һϢһϢ
Ԩԥһ£˵ϢǣشˣڳԽߵ;УԼ츳
һõı³Ȼ̾Ϣһ
ԨҲӣֵϢǣǳ֮Ϊʮһ𡣡

ϱ³ģ֪˵ʲôˣݺģ壬ôͽΪˣڱĲʵС
Ҳе̾ѡ
Ľ磬ѵһλǳԴ飿
ŶˣҲ𡣡
ԨֿлΪΣͷԵС
ʲôҲˣôܣ
ʣҲܳΪ𣿡
ԨʲôĽ磬ôԴ𣿡
һʯǧˡ
⼸ϢЩںǿߣһͷת
ԨŲæأڻĽľ˼;𲽲һ
Ҳ˵˺ͱ̹˹ֵɵżȻԯ˻ĽҲ
ڶͣЩûнĽߣһûڲѡ
嵭ǶԴĿ־塣
Ҿ͸ȥĽ磡
ţһģȻ̲֮ͨʵһСＰңΪ֪Դ磬ûˮ֮ԴĴڣŻ̰ͼС
Ǻڵ˼㡣
һǿվޣѪˮ֮·ȷʵ̫ơ
ӳ೾뿪ʱ˵ѪԴͷһûȥ
õڻĽ羹ȻԴ
򡣬Ȼһ
СҲûڲѡ
̩̹ĴѪᣬǴڵģ壬ֻϼѪܱɣȻܹһ
̫ʼ
ԨƳһۣҲɫ㱵սѣһȻһµ֮ĸԺ˳𡣡
˵ļ򵥣kѵĲɣ
̫ʼһۣĽѾ˴֮ţԭǱ֮ܺͷǸ֮麦ġʲô֮ĸҪǲʳ˴֮飬Ҳֻȥţֵõң
ˣԬҲˡԨɫ糣ڴ֮ĸkҵġ



ڶǧʮ øж
Ԩˣ
һǣӹ̤֮׵Сϣ֮ɫֱԱ
𣿡
ڶǿ߹ֽС
ǵĻٽǳϣһЩսʿ
һ͵ıҴƽѪİȣƺϢҫı̤
ȲɿԶ
âĿĹ֮ǣͻȻ½أʼİǺХ
ڶǿߣгȪĻѪǿߣڹ֮¶ɢڲԱߣʸͣ
ֳֹȨȵĲѴʮѪƿŹ֮պХ
ԶԶһĿɫԣӰڱֱ죬ֱǺӵĽɫһͰ֡
۾һԥƬ̺󣬻սʿԸһ䣬֮׷ȥ
Ԩˡ
һͷ׽鷢Ĳڷ貱ʯں֣Ҿ͸оˡУҵѪ
ϸ顣
ѪԨĵƾʱܲѪ
µѪǳµķУƺֻԼ͸ٽһͻƵ˵е
𰡣
򰵰ܣǿ˼峤ûִܵռ˰
ֽ֮ˣ뿪ҫǨƺ򣬿νǱ磬ȻҲߵľ磬һոµδ
οһΪе̴Ц죬ĿǰҲں
Ҳ֪ʲôֻ֪һͻƵ֮ħ̴Ц죬ûл·ȻһЦ
峤Ǻ̴ЦĹϵˡȪѡ
Ҳ˵˵
ߡ
ಣ
һɫڹ֮ڲͲͷ⣬ͷӴһ̣ҲȥԴѪ½
֮͡
ЦλµĻƽޣҲҰʲôӣã˵˵Ԩ飬ǻˡ

ҿ˹֮ǣôˣ
Ԩ˵Ľ羭̴Ц죬ԴѪ½Ѿ쵽֮ǵĶ
֮ǺͲǰõִﺮԺˡ
κζĿǰĺ򣬶㲻Ŀ̽
Ϳ˼ѹڹ֮õûкøУҲ峤
̴
ԨƳһۣı˶̴ЦĳƺЦǺǵ˵ԩ˽ⲻ˽ᣬ˼ˣ㻹Щް
³ƺ̴Ц㶣üͣ漰ԴͶ
Դ棿Ҹո˸ˣ֮ԴĵȽףִԴ֮ӦǽڵkнλˡԨҲԴ꣬ǽµԴѪkӦþǿԴˡ
̴Цɫһ䣬ѹ֣ҵλԵЩɴ
飬ԨȻô˵ˣǾ;Դˡ
ҲûʲôáԨʵk͹֮ԴҪټkһһУһĽ磬Һ֮ǰʹӦ˿˼æտ壬ԲһΪ𡣡
𣬾ԷͬСɣ
Ź֮Դǿͽףܼ츣kԶԶǿڰԴ飬Ҫ˳ͻ̴Цλڰ𣬿ºǶ֡
ʲô취Ťת𣿡̴Ц̡
а
Ԩ˵ͷ˵ܷڰԴܳԽȻ֮λľȡ
ߣ
̴Ц첻ûţôʣֻǴ˵ѣĳɹ𣿡
ԨָԼĶͷҰ
һ
ǰĻû˵ˣԬˣĽλԴѪҲһˡԨЦЦͻȻŵص׷϶ԴѪ½ڲ䡣
̫ʼȲˣ͸һͬ뿪
š
̫ʼȻͷ
֪ԨȻô˵ˣͲ˻ĽԺӦöʸȥ
̫ʼͷ۵ǣѪħѪȼֻǾż
ʮûʸ񣬳ʶ
ʮѪ׽õġ
ԨдȻ̫ʼǻҺԴѪĹkѪȼ
̫ʼɫ΢䣬ĵ˵ܺãҵҲ˺ܾˡ
Ԩȥˣն̨ȴͣԭء
ȴҿն̨ʱľګĽֵ֮ɣԸشСݳʲô⣬Ҳҡ
ǵѻָոն̨㾡֮
ԨЩˡ

ԭһֱն̨
ֵˣ˶ܼ׷Χ
ҵĺʦ֣̫ˡ
櫣Ǳһ档

ұǰѩݺŨѪš
һ죬һףӰұڳ֡
ԨƮԺ󣬷ֱԴѪӰӣ͸ԵĲ׼Ԩ⡣
ʹԨʾãkǻǵֻǻӣԨɱ֡
kоĵڵԨĨɱkǣkǵ
û⡣
ŴԴѪʶѪӰ΢΢һЦ˵ҴӻĽǰڤ֮񣬵ȰҶ֡˵ˣԼԴ飬ȲԷķأܵõ洦֪˶١
ԴѪҡҷӰͣ¡
Ҷøж
ԨЦݺ֮ǰûж⣬㲢ûжҸжѡңУҵܹͻƵ𡣡
ȻԸӣǵԼԸڻĽջ񡣡
ѪйصİأԸǰӡһݸ㡣
Ԩϵؽ͡
ԴѪͼӰӣþ֪Щʲô



ڶǧʮһ ͨ
ر
Ԩ˽ԴѪʱԷɢֵԣѯһЩϸڡ
Ʃ磬Ԭôģſ۰ԻĽ
оǣĽǱ߳ռλ⣬бǻȺսˮƽʲôΡ
ԴǵֵɣԼػشϤҡͷ

ͬԽڵļ˪Զսһ˿
š
ֵɳͷмοܺá
֣˵Ͽɼ˪ĳɾ͡
ͬļ˪Ժ󣬵õֵɵĵͷʹȺ뿪
ܼľˣԴѪ½İˣȻڹͳеػŻΡ
˺ڲˣҪڱͨ
ģЩԴ꣬ԱԴΪǿߵĽͬš
ֻڵԨĹ
Ԩص£Χֵʶ̽ĽʱͿԨȥĵط졣
ţԼҪҪҲȥ
ûü˵ϼ仰ɫįذ


Ź֮ǵĽӽԴѪ½ⲿǺ·һ
ȺǣŶƯյķʯȶ˺ü
ԴѪ½Ĺƺ
ڹ֮ǣҰʱ̴ЦͻȻЦһ
ħһ˦䣬Ƥӵʧޱ޼ʵĺڰټһ֮û
̴Цʲô
˲ɣ
ڵļλСЩǿߣ̴Цľٶһ
Ҷû뵽̴Цͻѡ
һ貶ĿĹǹ֮ڳŨĺڰ䴩һ׶
̴ЦĺڰħܣѸЩڰŹ֮ǡ
ǿߣдﵽʮѪİȣƬڰûһδ߳
֮ǣߺߣ
̴ЦЦǳǳ𣬡ǳڣôãͲˬ죡˼ûܳΪˣʧ
֮ǵǽ
̫ʼˣʲô
彻ãϱ³̴Ц˷ǵǾͲܹܣ
ܲˡ̫ʼҲΣƳһ޶Եֵɣ˵̹˹ڣ˭ܹܵ
Ԩڵģ˿
ģ̴ЦֲɵҲͷйһĵˡ̫ʼοˡ
Ȼ
֮ûƬڰ˰ǿƬ̺һâ͸ڰǻӹ֮ƿˡ
̫ʼˣԨȥĽʱǵ֪ͨһҲҪȥ
Ƭޱ߽ĺڰԴѪ½ⲿǺѸپ£Զȥʱ̴ЦҪ
ȥĽ̫ʼѽ⡣
̴Ц첢ûлӦ
Ҳȥһơ
ȻһЦӢϣżֺ棬ôڻĽ絮ζֵһ
Ҳȥ
̬ǿӲԨô˵Ҫȥ
СаˣҲ

򣬰ȺͳȪˣ¹֮ǣԽѪɫĻ
ͳȪɫ̫ÿ
ȵɫ糣Ȱ򲻱⣬˵̴ЦϾʮһʱһȼ
СˣȺĵ˿˸кȻȥҹһˣվһص׷϶ǰļ˪
ʹɡ
ѳ峤İȣ
˪̧ͷһֻۣ˵ͷ
ȷĵЦ
˪̽ڴˣʱеİȣΪ˪һ棬ȲܰȻ¡
ģŮɣȷΪ׽
ͻȻ˪ԡ
ݳһ˿ϲɫ˻̸̴Ц죬Ľ磬ǱԴ鶯ʱԨȥķ϶ҲŵĶȥ
˿һ£֪ȻǵõԨĴҲ⡣

Ľ磬٤
ء컯ۣ֮Ասľ֦ҶƮҡһֱʹ֮ĸͨ
֮ĸصףľ͡
޳Ĵħ񱴶̹˹ȥ򡣬ֺݺȡһˮ֮Ԫ֮ܺҲҪڻĽΪ뿪
ž
ڱ̹˹µľڣšءԴ³
ԨǾߡ𡱵ڡءһǣĬrĵá
ȶԸkȥһˣ
֪Ĭr˵һʱ˿һƬŵȪۡ
ұӦѲԨԴѪԨһ飬˲֪һУּǿѪ⡣ԨƳһ۴أǿѪҲŻȶԸkĸ󻼣ȥڤһ̽
ţΪסĬrͷͬ⡣
һûһţҲڹעĽ֮·Ĭrͷʱʯеͨ
죬֮Ǻʹ֮ĸһͬ컯循Ŷ
Ľ磬Դ磬иĤݴڣ
ˣ
Դͬʱͻ䡣
˭ɵģ
Ԩü
Ϻڵ˺ıݣǧ谭֮ԴߴߴļУҿĺǳҵ۾
ϺڵʲôĬr𾪲ѡ
Ԭ룬Ҳֻںʵʱƿһͨ
֮ͨǻ
Ϻеȴֱ˺ıݣȪڣǸشҪӳ೾顣



ڶǧʮ Ľɱ
ء
ԨǾ֮ѪϷȻ仯
һѪɫ磬ڲ
Ѫܵ˴㣬г£ЩѪɫγɡ
쿴ƨµѪ⡣
͡顱صģʵԨǿԨԴѪЩѸɵѪɫӿ֡
ѪȻһѪѹȻͷų
֮ĸ֮Դ飬нľĬr¶˼顣
Ԩ֮䣬ζʲô
ǰԴıУȻӦ

Ԩġӡءıط룬ңĽһλ˵ȷͨˡ
Լܵ˺ı壡
ֺıӨ磬ЧԶԴͻĽıݣԺ𡱵Ⱥ쵽˱Ĵڡ
ͬģҲܸ֪

ԴѪ½
飬ԴͻĽ糩ͨ衣
Ԩıż˪Ժһ߾㣬ȡżݵǿ찡
ԴѪͼӰӣϢҲ𾪲ѡ
ԴԻӰӣ̫ʼҲѡȻû
ûǰһѪâ͸ңע̫ʼڣһѪħ̫ʼͻƵʮѪ
̫ʼȻʧɫ˭ɵģ

ԨüͷһʱҲ׼ŵ뷨ͨԺ󣬱Ȼи·ᣬȥߴңʱҪ뿪򡣡
ҵѪȽףҪ̫ʼ
ǺãҺ̫˵ɡ
Ԩ˵ͷ

֮ڡ
֮Ŀռ⣬ִƵķȥûɡ
ݳ֮ɫ
ϣ޴ʱγĿռ䲨ӿֳռܡ
ԷɣپӡڵڵƺҪ
ڵڲ߲ϼӡӰҲǼȡſռܣ·չָӾµĿռط
飬ߡ

컢ȡ
ͺɽ򣬻нɫ¹վϤķǰ
һ־ηĿ⣬ɫܣȴʼδݵ
ԺǸúȥδӣ
컢üչĿӴжɻ
ôӴͿһʵ磬ȴɫذ
ȴֳ̬Եиıݡ
˺Ŀֲƣ컢ɽ򣬽¹ûܹ
ĻĽ֮Ԭ룬ҲԶǿ
ʱûչݣƺҲûչɾôһ͸¶Ϣȴ컢
Ϊǿף
ڵʲô
̬֮վڲݣϺŵͷĿȻķλջأĮؿ컢
ǸùȥǻػĽ磿컢ѯʡ
Ľ磬Դ磬Ӵ˳ͨ裬ǲΪҪô
ݵĴڣǿ飬ųǿĸ
ħ񱴶̹˹еħСΪ֮Դͷĵkţ޷硣
ݲǰkĽ磬Ҳһ׵顣
ֻԬ룬ԨͨѪߣ
ڣκԴǿߣǰĽˡ

ĽǿԴǺʱ
粻ͬĵײ㷨Ҳײ
Ľ˹ϫ˿µĲ컢Щ񶼲ò˱ܡ
տʼҪһʱ䡣һӣƽûʲôˡ䵭˵
ĸףǣ
ڷǰѯʡ
ڻĽ磬ʱҪԴûҾҪڣԴǿߣĽ̽䵭ıʣº͵طԸ˼䣬Է컢뿪
ƬϺϺڵĿֲȴĵ
պ
ڵϣȻ̽״ڷ;ϮԴȴûһغݡ
֮˻ĸҲô֪ͨʵ
Զ´кݵǿԴʲôط뾡췵ػ򣬲ɼ綺
½ѴӴ뿪ˣԴǺεʱϮɱ
ıԴҲûطݡ
֮ͬϮԪ䵽ھԴᡣ
ȴ

򣬿ҫǡ

ήҵ䣬ԡѪشһͨԴͨɳںԶ氲˾Ŀ£λԽڵĴɣɬӻĽˣܻţһ档
ϣ½λ
Ψ䣬ֻǵ侳磬һɱԴ
ɱߣռԴֵ
Ѷ氲̷ɽȴɣ˵ȻΪϮɱռԴ鶼ˡ
֪ıͻȻ飬Զټ飬ɳϲ鿴
һ̣͸о˲û뵽ָ
Զ˵ͷ˵Ҳµˡ
񣬽ħ£ЩаߡԶüͷȲҪ뿪þںݡ
ͽˡ
֪λԴǵĹؼ׶ΣǲλȺǰʶǻزˣҲ֪λǰûڻĽС
յߴڻþǺݡ
̴Ц죬ֵɣͽ
Զ
˶Ǻݵ֪ԴλԺһȻԨĹƻӡ
ǻڣ˷
СҲģkԴԺ󣬶ֻ֮ĸ͸ҼȻػϣ½Ҳ
ԶֻȰοˡ



ڶǧʮ 
ԴѪ½
Դ磬ͻĽ֮ıݣˡ
̫õԨĴѶڵر˵ӽԺԴͻĽ罫ͨ裬κơڣں򣬾Ҫ
ʲô
绥ͨ
ڵȺԨ¶ˣϢ𺳣˼ͨԺ󣬽ʲôµľ档
ӦðΪҪֹţԬˣǱߵԴѪҲˣڶҲûϡһͨԴ͸ȥôԿ
һ£Ҳ
ĽԪˣûп֯Դ·Ϯ
kڹԺ󣬼µ۷壬Ľдǣʲô͵kµ棿
ݵĴڣƵľǵkһħｫ˺Ѹϳ
ۣ
̫󹬵Уһ鲻۵ʯͷͻȻԤ׵ըѡ
һڵµĹ˸ʯͷͻ֣ʧ
̴Ц쾹Ȼߣ
С˵
ҲҪԨˣԼȥĽ磡
ⲿǿһǣ̴ЦĳЦѾͷҲа취뿪򣬾ͲԶˡ
ħ̴Ц죬һ˵ܹͨˣȲ뿪
ҡ
żˣ˵ҪȥĽ磬ûٵҳɾԴɣ˵ÿһλԴҪչҪкʵжᡣĽûˣҾ̴Ц췢裡
ɫ̴Цȷʵɵó
һΪ˱ⱻѹһͷôϱ³ҲŽ
ֵһľȻ˵ԨǱߡ
ʶؿ
Ľڶ࣬򡣬壬Ĭr룬̹˹ҲǱߡֵѵö˵˼仰¡

ݡ

һµڱԴӵƮݶֱԴ½ڵķȥ
µıԴڽڡ
ʦ壡
ʦ壬طԪߣ

ЩڵĳϺˣڱԴ޽ɽͷ
Ѿǵڶˡ
ʱǺӱŰһԴ߾䣬µԪ
⡭
Ҷе䣬ʶڵı仯ɫغ
ԪȻˣ
Ϊ磬û˵䣬µľ
Ԫһڶ̺۵ĽƣΪԴʵʻ
ȻǰԪȻͬʶ˴ȴˮˮûںϵļһ˿ܡ
ʵϣԺ󣬾ͲٴϷġ
ɾڣһ±ԴԪʱԪ˲ںһ
ںݹʷϣڶԪߵȴûй
ľ֪ǺûǻЩɵĵУæڶȥ
ͬںݣͬԴ½
ڵڣпСǳɢݳ˵Ľ⡣
巣
̻ͨʯ
˿̣ڵĶ̷ɽǿߣڿЩСǳž巵Ϣ
СǳǾѵƬص֮
Ϊ̻ͨǿ䣬нµĸȴڵǳ֮
己Ϊ˽ڵļ˪ǳ֮Ǳˡ
ڼ˪λһɱԴ뿪ѡѪ̵Ǵרעڼʱ巾֪Ļˡ
ǰħĴ˾£kȥһ̩ǡ
ԣ巿ͨǳ֮񣬲һ˵Ծ巵츳ʣлʶ𣬳ŵΪչ·
ջɨƽһϰ
Եkеִ֮ĵľ巣Ӳڸ׶̷ɽȰ˵´Ӧˡ
Ȼ˳ƾ

һСǳؾΪ巵񣬴Ӱ뵽ڡ
ֵȺһӣ巴ɽ߳ɫȴЩŹ֡
巣ʯæʡ
ǿеļž已˵
̷ɽƳһ۾巣أ
Ԫһˡ
ɫе޷Σѯ̷ɽڳɾʱԪҲΪһģ
̷ɽһ»԰ͷţҵԪ໥ֶûΪһ尡
ˣ̷ɽɫһеˣ
ʲô
ʯѽؿ
巣Ҵȥϡǰ
ʱ̷ɽ;巵ڣֽڵ䡢Ҳڡ
;һط֮ʱԪΪһ塣
ǶҺԶѰ𰸡
ӦǣλԴǡԶͲµԵɣԥƬ̣ѯˣǸоΣ
һνߵľ巣һ£˵
Զֿ䡣
ܺãԭĸоҪáϸйξشԪһұԭҪǿ󡣡
Զ˵ͷ
ǰkʱӦһ¡
ߵľ巣䡢ҲڣȻ˵kӦңֵѰ𡣡
һ̷ɽһ˿ʹ⣬ֵǱߣ֮Ϊһսֲ㣡
οأ̾
ɯʱֵɸһնɱ
ɯ̷ɽֿ֮ݣֹغڵ档
۾巣̷ɽԸɱֵΪеĿꡣ



ڶǧʮ 
ԶĬ
һԿȰ˵ϣ̷ɽ;巴ҪɱֵΪһĿꡣ
ã˾Ҳδɱõֵɡ
ȻȰ˵̷ɽ;巶Ȼᶨ
Ҳ䣬Ŀ⿴ˣҡҡͷ
öıɬ
Ҳǰýߵġˮ֮ƤЦ˵λɯѵȡаҶڹϴɼԺһϯϯλҼʦ㶥һ£ҲǺǰͷӦġ
һɢָŲĺԶǲǸѰ𣿡
ֲֵü
̷ɽɫ΢Ҳ˺ԶһۣһȷҲܲϵ
ұ죡Ѿͷ֮λСӼȻҪܲԶݺݵһۣ𽲻ָЦ˵̷ɽҶһˡ
˼ӦеĴˡ
˺ˣߡ
Ӳ̷ɽ;뿪ڣͺԶ˵顣
㲻ǡ
ʧԺŵս
ЦЦ˵ʵһ⡣Ҿ̷ɽ;巣ҲǿˣǺòףΪʮһٱնɱˣ˷ߵԴ𣿡
źԶüŪۣЦ˵԰ɣǰ
һҪлл㲻ɣԶߡ
ӦõģӦġڰ֡
һ˵ǳʮһҲĶ֣
ʼ磬һȻӣ˵ʵҾõˮ֮ΪʮһҲҺһ
٣ҸҺ̷ɽ巣κһƴ
˼ʱٶԺԶ˵ǰǰļ꣬һֱġӦҵǽڣͳǡ
գҲ뿪
Ȼص˽ڣʱɫ˵ǰ˵ˣk𡣲Σϣܻš
㵣ζ
̷ɽ巣ȻɱǽҲһǡ̾ϢһԪںϣ˵kֱǿˣ˵kԴǰ
㲻£küһ
kϲɵӵģҲûôСΣk֪ңԲܷ֮λһ벻˵kġֵĺ⣬ϴˣ½Ҳˡȿȡ
ԥƬ̣˵ʵʵ˵㲻Ҫϴɱϡ½ô⣬㲻ܻġܸܲңˣбԭ򣿡
˼Σҡҡͷ˵Ҳֻǡоƺʱ¡
һ㣿ʲô˼
оĳҡЩԥ䵽ھԺûָоɵطߣԪںԺ󣬾ĸоˡ


һԴѪ½ص׵Ԩٴ¶档
ԨɨһۣЩȺˣĿСϣȥһ¡
ͷѪﵽʮ̩̹̬֮վǰСͷϽǣ׳¶뺷İ
ԨȥСţȥʲô
ԴѪһλʮһ𡣡Ԩ΢Ц
СȻһϽͫУϸ罦䡣
Ҳ𾪵ط׷׿
ԨǾ֮󣬵ڶλ֮ѵҪ
ȥɣڵԴѪȵǿԺƱܳԽڣڷʱ򣬾ôһ졣
ԨЦŵͷ
лл״ˣ
СׯصأԨߵݣеĸмҪ
ݣ
һϽ⣬ͨص׵ķ϶ȥ
һ̣˶ܸоԨͬǳԽѪԴͷԨΪԼĸ׿
Ԩ㿴һ˽ĻᣬأҪҳΪ·ɣġؽ顣
ǺӣһǳȻҫ
ԨȻͷһ£־Ȼ޲ס
ͷ޲ףȻҲʮһ׷ѰĴͰһϧûȥĽ磬ʧǸõĻᡣ
Ժ˵δûµĻᡣϾ˻ĽԴ磬滹б磬ֵ̽ԨȰ˵䣬˵ʿ
򣬳Ȫаȵߡ
̴Цȥ˻Ľ磡
ù̫ʼѪȶʮҴ㻹һȥĽ硣ԨЦЦİɣһ̴Ц졣
ôһ˵һ
Ԩ˵ҪʵԨڣλԴѪµС
Ҫٶȱø죬ԲԴѪ½˵ص׵ԴѪ졣
࣬ĽǱߵһһ

Ȼ䣬Ԩü΢ƺ쵽ʲô૵Ȼȥ

Դ磬ء
ȱԴ֮񡱰ɪ˹ƻ󣬺ڼ۵ᣬռʥأȵ졣
˿ѤʥԾڵѪԼꡣ
ܶȵˣϿݣΪάͬȵĴڡ
ΪţȵѪϢһλߡ
һѵķ϶ڣȻֳһӰ
ᣬڶһĳϣ񻣬پŮˣĿԾݡ
ʹߣ
һλȵĳϣĻɻأᡣ
֪뿪һˣƺȥ˺ݡ
Դ壬ħаҲɱʥ֮ȣΪȥһ˺ݣȶˡ
ǰɱǵڣžΪᣬѰˡŮɫ䣬ںһɱԴ˵k߹űȫȡΪ壬˲˹Ҳϧ
ȵľѪɷᣬȫڲ𣡡
ǵһμΪ˵
ǰʸţǰŵòҲڻȻɡ



ڶǧʮ ˷
𣡡
еȣẰɰֺ󣬶һɫ԰ס
ͳǵȣϵһǿվޣݵֻȴɱǿվΪ֡
еǿվ̩̹֮֡
˺ݵĴ˵еߡ
£
Ҳ˾ƣѤʥƮȻһ߽һǰľơ
ʥⲿѿշ϶ڶܹ࣬Դ
ݹ٣кָ̣
ṧʱһֱҫǵͨѽ˸Ӧ
üͻһ˿ϲɫ
˸ҲԽؿܹͨҫǵķ϶벻λôǿ󣬵ҲͰȫˡ
ڣЩΪȣʵ̫⡣
ŲҪġ

üҵϲɫȻʧ
ϵշ϶뵣Űܶ֡
ռ϶Ӻ͸Ӧɫϼ뵵ĳ֣̼䱻Ĩ
֪֮·Ѷϣ
ָ̣ûʲôҪָģҪڵıԴ
ŷֳڽ֮ɫ

һͨ˴շ϶Ƶɫܳȴڿռзأޱ߹Ϣ
ȺϣҪͨЩշ϶뿪Ȼǲˡ
һԸЧ㣡
֪ͷͷ絷С
㻹䡣
Įҡͷ

űһշ϶ڣһ˻
ĿѪܣĳȱ壬֫Ѫţ׷϶ڡ
εѡ
ѪӶⲿƤ⣬ڲอ٣ҲĳһŽ
һԴԪ񣬻ڿ֧ţҲ϶ˡ
k£һͨУҴﵽʮߡ
һ
ɽĿֲܣѹȵڹͷ죬գۼѪģ
Ű޳һֻ֣㣬ڣڳһڱԴ

ĵһѪ⣬ȽűԴסһѪڱԴڲȼ
һѪĵڱԴǼҫԺ
һǵѪ㲻ڡ
üͷȻô죬Դǡ
Ҳʱɫһһֱ˿ӵĸо
Ѫнü֪һ£ӻͨ
ѵѾkоˣ
űԴţԥƬ̺󣬾ͷɻ޺ķ϶
֮һֱȵأܿͱɫܸû
ֹһӣеɫܣŲͬշ϶ʡ
ȵʥأʬǸʥѾһŲʣ

벶ȸں
ԴѪ½Ԩһָֻ硣
һͨѪڽݵıԴ̽ʶ״
ԪһʱһһҲԨԡ̳
ظɱᣬȺԷʥضݻٵḶ́Ԩһϸڲ©ؿ
ĵ
ȷʵе졣
Ԩɫ糣̫飬˵Ż
һĶãһһĶһߺͻĽеķʽͨš

־֮ء
ڵصЩӺݸ֧Ȼƾնġ֮
֧»ָתġֻ֮·Կ־֮ؽС
սߵ꣬Դĺδ񶼻ݶ
ǺǣԺտ˵ء
ߵӰڿ־֮·̶أɼЩġ֮Ц˵ҵ֮·ڿ־֮̾ͣ

½
ڶġ֮·һӵͣͺҲת
壬壬壬壬ˣֻٲѪȼϸߣܹ˵ؽ뺮
ˣɢԴĸѪȼ̫ͣҲûа¾
Щûн뺮ˣΪʲôԭǵ궼һ֮·
һġ֮·꣬͵ڵĴ򣬽봴½룬ǸڸŵĶѨ
ֱﴴ½ġ
ֵǣˣٳٲ
ġֻ֮·ƺжˡ
ҪһֱˣҲû֣Դ嶼ӭ
֮෴ǣЩݣǺ壬ȴڴӿ֡
˫̥̥İ̥òϡˡ
Щ߲ԨģаǵԨȺҲڴ

Ȼ
ϫײƽԺҲûǿƵûļ
ԴǿĽ񣬷·𶼿˴˵أ֪ͨ
죬ܹǰĽȻһˡ
Ľ磡
ħ̴Ц죬ںڰţƮŵԭڴӪλá
ѵʯսĺۼ̴Цˣ

һħӰͨȻġ֮·䲻ðƮȻͷ˵̴þò
ϰԵأڸħĶȼǻħ
ħɫ
˾¡
̴Цһм㲻Ǵ㣬ȥĽɣ٣ħȺɵֻдħ񱴶̹˹㣬ʲôҵĶ֡
ǷΪ˾³



ڶǧʮ Դл
˭
̴Цбָۣһڻȼգ˵ػҲӵǿž죬ĻܺŨѪܣһƺڻȼգڽڻ
ܿ죬̴ЦΪģһȦڰ򽥽ɢ
ڴĺڰ֮أ˺һս׼
ɡ
ƳͼĴ˾£еħ꣬¶Ū֮⣬иİ취
գɿͷͳһöڰ򣬲˫š
Ҳ
Թ
ڰһ֣Ȼڶ෨򣬱㱻ǿŤңйԴѸû
̴Ц֮ϵĺڰͨչڴ˼Ǻӣԭеط򣬽һڰ
еĹУֳһŮӰ
ڰûǧǺӣҲһ˿ʱںڰڵӰŽشӹзɳ
kһڰĻ꣬ƮƮ̴Ц
Ȼ㣡
̴Цٲһ˿һӵ
ħĻٽܵɢǽԿɬ֮⡣
½ڰȡڴ˷ûһ̴Ц֪ӭʲôˡ
ĺڰ֮ԴǵΪڰĴڣԿ
һͬȥĽ硣
k迪ڽͷʶһ̴ЦӦ̴Ц֪
kӹʱ̴Цʶڣһںڰеعȣƺ˲
kδפУɵkϢkӰkͷѳӯ˺ڰȡ
ʵʵĺڰȣкͺڰصķУеkĺۼԶӦŵk
̴Ц죬λڰ֮ԴҲ޲ߡ
ɾȻҲܻٵ㡣
k˹ͷͷ
kںڰƮŵ̴ЦͷؿųĬе̴Ц죬פС
ΣkԺֱĨ̴Цʶ
̴Ц콫ӭ
kŵֻҪܼԨĽԴ磬λԴѪΪһ¯ΪkԴ壬ڵkǵѪ
Դ꣬ףkӵԼ
kѲͬ
λ˺ݵԴ꣬k˸ӵλûԴ֮ʹõkǡǵʶ
ڵĵkԼġ꣡
kĿǰҪ̴Ц죬Ҫ̴ЦԴɹأõλԴѪںϺأΪkkǱ̴Ц졣
ʱkȫܹԼ硣
òһˡ
ۿk䣬̴ЦĸΪ̡
ǰkֻһʶڵĵkоһ꣬ħΪơ
kʶкڰħܣкڰ̲С
ֻĻڣڰȱȫԶԶûдﵽĳ̶ȡ
ʵǸңڴ½ڡҷֳһ꣬Ŀǰ޷кڰӡҸո꣬ڻ죬޷Яеĺڰ򡣲ѵ꣬Զ㡣
ȶ㣬ЩӡĺڰȻֲȱʧĲ֡
kûԻʵٵݣ·ЦЦ
̴Ц仰ɫ쳣ѿꣿ
ڳɳɱ䣬ϵؽѵǾ͸ùʲԷ⣬ԶűǳԽkЦţԸ˵ʲô̴Цʶ
̴ЦоΪΪѶòˣϤĺڰ
ҲֻԴͷǰʵһ취ûȫѹơ
˹ˣ
ͬںڰеĴ˾£ɫȻһ䡣
쵽ձ˺ѵĶ
˭
̴Цͷĵkѯʹ󵱻ϣħͷǡ
Ϊ˱ҹζ࣬kҪȶ̴Ц죬̴ЦߺڰԺֵܳ⡣

һƬǹȻǺӣ֮⣬ȻȻ߿ճ֡
ڶĿǺиԴһһ¶ǣ磬ʯ飬ͷŵĹԣسĵһ⣡
ǧӵĹԴ籩꣬ķ׭ƮƬû̴Цĺڰ
ڰĻи飬գۼ䣬
k̴Цڵ꣬ۿڰ֮رԴѸ˺ѣkоû·ѿ
Ԩ
k֪˭
㲻˵صġ
ԨһԵľʯ֮
Ө׾ʯȻն̨
ʵԨϵǷڰأҶ̴ЦмսܹвԨЦЦм˵
أ
ɽ˶ĹŶĿԣںڰڲϵعţпɼĺڰ
Ԩüһʮߵġ̳Ʈй̨֮ҫĻâеĹԴ
һѤĹǡ̳Ĺ̴̨֮Цüġ
ޱȵĹ;Сǧٱڽ̴Цüǰһ롣
ಣ
kһĻ꣬ϸġ롱͸k˲Ϣɱ
kЯһ̴֣Цĺڰ̴֮Цʶ̴Цµĺڰ¡
̴ЦӰ죬Ԩ˵ͷϽkµĺڰںϡ
ڰԴһĻɣڰ֮زڣΪħ˾£ȴû롣
̾һ΢΢񣬵̹˹˻𣿡
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⵹Ԩˣ´ˣȫѣΪλҪ
Դаʥ󣬾ͽл֮Լκǿߡ
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֪Լ˭Ҳ֪Լĳ֪ǰڱ̹˹
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ЩǱ̹˹ˣԶȺġ
ħһֱе࣬ǱݵԴͣûԼѪȫħ̬
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Ҳܼ򵥣ǿħ壬ǿվޣԨаԼѪǱȻʱĳ
ôһ˵ԨͲȰ˵ˡ
Щħ񱴶̹˹ȷǸˣλֳܹŵȷʵħȺһ̨ס
壬ħ壬ܲΪkִƵǿȺ
kֲ˵kĳŵ
Ԩö˵ָ̧ĽλãҽǱߣkΪһ壬ҿkζҡ
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㲻
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ҿҪɱػģеˡԨҲΣҺ͵kһսӮܹ塢аħδޣȥ档
̴Ц룬ƺҲȷʵ
巣̷ɽʯЩڵʱѡ
֮⣬ڲ೤ϣһ㣬Ҳ̩ǺͻǳҪδ
kǱòһˣƺꡣ̴ЦأԴĽɱ䣬ڸıԴȺ塣ҵġ
Ԩ˵ͷȥĽ˵ɡ
ն̨Хȥ



ڶǧʮ ̴Цĸ
ն̨ȥȻ
˾³Ƭ̣㵽֮·ԱߣгһڰԴĻĹ򣬶ˡ֮·
۲ɼǰҲ޴Ӹ֪ġ֮·ȻˮĻ
֮·µʶ֣Ϊһֱͨı˰·ľС
ֻϧġ˰ûһӰû
¸ֻܵš
ãзɳɹڵĻӰȴǺڰԴ顣
ǳˡԨģĻꡣ
ǰڰԴֵĻ̬꣬ģ壬ûʵݡ
½ܱǵڰԴĻ꣬һŮԡ
˿̹еԨȻҲĻ壬ȴ쳣͸ո뿪Ԩ壬ûκεĲͬ
һۿȥkһԨ
º֪Ļ̶ȣʲôkԨ̬ζʲô
³ŹڣԨĻӰϹϾ
ȴһ仰û˵
֪kԼһۣ֪һС
ǰԨն̨ĵִͷš̳ڰԴһ̴꣬Ц뿪Ļ棬kȻܿķҪԼ͡
ȻɫĹΪɫkӰӿ

ɫͷţöȻŴǧ򱶣һֻޱȵĿֲۣ֮
ڡͫĻ꣬ħƺܵkǣ˵k־֡
kֻͨǳ޴ڡͫŻĽķ
һֻڻĽ겨ֻͨޱȵĿֲ֮ͷţգڻĽؿʼӡ
û˽Ժ󣬵kӰ㲻پԴ硣
֪̬Ǿη

٤
ͬΪ𡱵ԨĬrȻһǿҵĲʸУȻԴλá
Ĭrɫ;һֻ۾Դ翴

ĬrִƵʯԴͷϪӣһŤĻ򾣬һסҪʯ
ȣ顢ޫh߸ɰĹʯһʶ磬ƺٻ
ߵȽ׵Ĺ񣬺ʶԴͷ㣬ҲҪʯ
˾ӣһɽٻӰ졣

Ĭr˫ʯɭ׵ʯ飬γһƬƬĹĻ
ǵk
Ĭrɫ䡣
ˡ
ԨӦһ䣬һҫĹ⣬ɷħסⷢ⡣
ʯеԴͷеĹĬr
ŤԴͷĬrԨͨԺҲ᲻ԴǵϢС֮·Ҳһƿء
Դĺ֮⣬ϴӾֻͬס
壬壬ޣ壬˵ĵԺȫҪǹµⲻǺȥ
λ⣬Դ壬ͻ
kɣӦþҪˡ
Ȼ׼ɵ汻Դͷ֤ʵԺĬrǸеԽܡ
λͲӦƵıݣkӰû˽ԺܴԴӵĽ磡Ĭr
ڹĺƽ⣬λĽ硣
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ΨдﵽߣܵһĻ֮춯ߣֻҪϹϵڵk
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ţ֪֮
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ն̨͸һշ϶ڡءϷʱ
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Ȫۣͨһ˵ڤ򣿡
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ԨӦһ䣬㽫̫ʼն̨ڻ
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Ԩ컯ڵĹ֮Դһ䣬ͷһͷĴ֮ĸ˵̫ʼɾ𡣡
һ̣֮ĸѶϢ̫ʼҲܽ
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ԨԴԴͷŲӰĬrڲòðȻ̫ʼ
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ͨţֺԪڣ˵λѳɹԴǡ
ҪصءڣǿѪˣҲһЩʱ䣬͸еС
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̴Цӻֻ֣Ԩһ˵Ȫۡ
ѡǰһ˵ڤ



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컯ҫĹâĺȻȥѸپûˡ
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֮Դף̴ЦһߣkͲˡ
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֮Դ͵ĲһΪƱѹ̴Цһͷ
ԨϵڣĹ֮Դ飬̴ܲЦ֣ܹλڰڡ
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ˡ
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ҲҪĸжҴӦԨ顣֮ĸߵ
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컯ڲͬĶѨУ̫ʼͬʱӭԴļµ
ԨҲڡءأһξ


Ĵ˷չķ̬ɷģǹʵƬǺ
ƬǺУǳ½ر鲼ҫȻǻԡ
ġͷλһε½ء
˿̣ǿ½أҫĿռ⡣
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лкܶıˣˣˣѪȼߡ
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ҲڻĽ磬ȴֶڻĽ硣
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ֻһСͨʮѪ̨֮棬ԨԴѪؽ͸
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һ㣬㣬㣬߲㣡
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֮ģǿѪԨ͵վ
ɫ쳣ء
һ񴫵ݸġ𡱵
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ҰУȻ컯廹ҪӴ
ûôʣһƬ⺣٤ķ֮һĽ
͸¶ϢŤѪǿ



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·컯壬·ͷһޱߵѪɫ磬ɽȻ³ľ롣
֮ĸҲھ岻

ľ֦ҶƮҡɪɪkʹ֮ĸǧĶԹʱ£͵س䵽컯֮ۡ
k컯ӣkʹ֮ĸϽ

֮Դ鰵£ڶ貵ǳĴŵ𣬷â컯λͷŹҫ
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ķ⿪ѪͻȻ֣kȻˡ
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Ѫɫƣɢݿ˲٤
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ಣ
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ɽڣһͷͷų
һ̣һĻԨĻ棬չ֡
׷ԯĽڣչǿʵѪ⣬һʯ˴󺣣ֻСѪ𻨡
ڱʧС
ǸĻ룬ˣޡ
һͷͷޣѪȼӸߵͣ糯ʥһطǿѪ⡣
ȫ˲ûУǿѪһ֣գûϢ
ڷٵƶȺ壬ʮѪȼ߼ޣȫڷɶ˻ط
һ׳Ҳһ׳ƶûֹ

䶯ŵľѪں㣬ûڣŨѪ
˷ǺڵռȽ϶Ѫ˷۹޾ˮɡ
ʱʹ٤Ƶ
ֳն̨ѪɫνԯֵԨ٤ơ
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ţԨ컯壬ܿԴٻȴδܶŤ֮
ڴ

ѵԯżŲǳѣֲ̫Ѫ⣬𾪵Ѿ˵Ļ
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Ϳ̿ԯΪޣһδո
ֻиߵȽޣŸҽǻʥأǳʮǿмʮ
̶ʱ䣬ѪȵոûκѪȲ̵Ļ档
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Ԩͷͨġ̳ע⵽򡣬ʮһҲĳ˲
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Ⱦǣ
Ԩԯն̨ն̨մ֮Ȳ٤ѡ

ն̨һǳ½س֣е򡣬Իƽ衣
ոմǳڲ򡣬ûü뵽ѪУ͸ܵǹɿֲ
ǳϷ˻ХţǿתΪ
ģӲǳסˣǳϷҡͷβûб٤
㵹Ǹࡣ
Ԩ˵ͷɻǲģǽն̨ڲ
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򡣡
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ڻĽأΧƿصķƯʮܹ޵ʯС½ء
ͶǣȻкܶ౻ţء
ڻĽ磬һ϶иļΪ飬ͷŵĿֲȻûзá
˼ۺԨͼԦն̨뿪
֪ᷢʲô
ԨɫʶϮȵʥأҪһɱԴҲŽΪеĴ㡣
ͨķԼȺؽء
ŵǣĿܣûؿ
ಣ
Ӱһռ϶֣쵽쳣û߳ȥ
ɫ޵Ļ֮ƣ϶ڷɳڿյķεһȦûκηֺֻȥˡ
̫ΣգǶŰɡ
ĵ˵
Ӣ
ɫ¹Ѿ֪ʲô״Ƕŵȼ֮



ڶǧʮ 

ֳԭʼ̬İɫ컢һ޴ĻҰʯϣıΡ
뷢ʱҲ͸϶磬ʲôҲû֡
쳣Ŀռ䲨
Ҳ͵Ի֯鿴ʱûܷʲôǿڣ;ʱСյ
׳˶һѩװɽ컢¶ݣ˵ʱ̣ҪǿޣʲôĴڣܹǹɿֲѪܵӰ죬ڻĽɻһͬСɡ
¹񣬵ͷʾͬ
ĿУҲ֪ⲿĻĽ磬пĲ֣硣
ǿѪǣҲжϳѪ⣬Ǵӷ뿪ˡ
õӢޱȡ
Ҫܽ˵أһӲǹĲ£糯ʥ
¼󣬻Ľپų
뿴һۣЩĽɫ¹кͻƵЩ񣬰ɵĺɽ򣬵ûкǱŵӦöȥ
Ǿȡ¹
ĽֻɽеޱȵңҼᶨһأִƷΪµ䡣
һ뵽Ľ֮Ԭ֮䣬ݻߣͷݵԳһڴ˷̫ˡ
Ϊš
ûµġ
컢ŤͷһȺӣöӡǡԸĻܹбȺȻ񣬺ǰľͲͬˡ
һȺӣͨܵĴ߷ֳȺ
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ֻѪ񣬲ܹ
ӻǲǽ
ԣЩ뿪ȥӦþˡ
Լ˴ѡԹñˡĮ

٤
ȪۡǿӴѪȥԺǺݽߵİգֻʣ컯ʹˡ
ûڱεĴأпտҲ
Ԩı𡱵˿̷ִӵıء
𡱵ķ򣬿һƬɺ죬ŨѪɫֽ֯Ѫ䶯š
û̫ãһȥ
Ԩ֪κ⣬һһҲĺ󳾣ʻ鶼ӭ
ǰעûĽӭһĩϮֹֻܹԼ
뵽ԨԼı
ĶͷʱֳһɺĹİʶġ̳ƺһֱҪȴذʶС

ڱʶ̳ĵھŲ㣬һֱ𶯡
ɫɫӨɫɫڶ಻ͬɫ֮˸̨֮ڸ֣֮ࡣ
޾Ļ֮Դ꣬ԴǣĲ֯űŷȫµаء
ھŲĻ̨֮棬kûԴǷɱ䣬ȻҲɱ䣡

ɫĺƵѪâӵʮѪ̨֮ͷţ͸棬ѹŵھŲĻ̨棬ȥ
Ԩ˼·
Ϊһĵھ̨棬ܸ֪Ĭrħ񱴶̹˹ԼᵽĴڡ
Ϊ룬˿ڷأ֪Ƚѡ
ԨԴ꣬ûԴԺ󣬺ھŻ̨֮ǣľԨԴꡣ
Դ꣬ؼǿĵĻ֮Դ飡
kʳ˺ݵǸֲͬ࣬ʳԴǣѳΪ޷ȵĿ´ڡ
Ԩɾߺߣᵼµkøǿ
ħ񱴶̹˹ĬrԼ𡱣룬Щڶk
ΪЩߵԴͷҪôԴǣҪôǰĺԴꡣ
Դͷڵk
Լıû̳ǰҲһλ𣬼ͱ̹˹൱ĵkֱӶӦš
ڶļӳ֣ʹõkǿԵkӰԼġ̳
ԨãھŲ̨֮·˴ԴУkԼܹ
Լƿصġ̳kƿص̫Ĺ֮ͨ
kΨһûܹԼģԾʮѪ̨֮棬kûܵõȫС
kڵҲҪʮ㣬ҪڸߴƿһС
ͻȻԨһֻ޴ͫһŹǳȻŻĽƮ
ͫڣĻ꣬ħţɢݳŤ
ǿѪԶȥʮȫʧѪ֮龡
ȴһ쳣ŨĻܴڡ
޻겢ûбǿѪᣬɢ
ɻܷ·ܵһӰ졣
ͻһµġ֮·޵޻걻֮·ӿʱĽǺڲһЩӵ귨ʼγɡ
ѵը̫ڣһɽС
ԺҪԻΪִûػ𣬼ȡǻ꣬ȡ̫Ƭʱᡰһ֡ظ޻
ʲô飬ֻҪڣЩ׳ꡣ
ԨͻȻףֻ֮ͫǰͷų֮ĽʱҲ̽·
kڻĽ粻ͬѰһͷӰչ귨׼
ǿѪ⣬Ϳ̿ʱҲʹӿڶ޻ꡣ
kԵkչ֮·ٴ۸ǺӸط򣬽kִƵĻ֮ذӡȥ
һĲ֡
Ժǧֻ꣬ҪˣʼԵkµ޻꣬Щ궼Ӧk
ΪkūͣΪkľ˶
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ħ񱴶̹˹ƮŶ컯ۣ֮̾Ϣ˵kȻĽˣԵkȾ͸Ľĸ򡣡
ǿѪ֮٣޺ͻĽкܶûйޡ
kҪһ°
̹˹ͷʹѣԨıҪãܽǿѪƿ֣УҪʲô
Ԩҡͷkһֱ̳ͨĸӦҲڳ޷ԨԴѪ͸Ҫkֻڴ½Ǻݡֻʵĵkⲿѹk޷ߡ
ô˵kҲһڴ½ڲһںݣ̹˹˼ţħͫ˸ǻ۹â룬õkҲ鷳



ڶǧʮһ ħ
kǿҲܺ
̹˹ͫһΪ˷ܵĻâҫ
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ԶֹۣԶܶĴۺͿѡ
ӣԨʵ̳Դ
̹˹ǿĬrλ𡱸߳һҪλֵĻ˴½ͺݣֻҪԴǿճ֣ͻᱻԴ֪һС
ԴȻĿǣ
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ץ˼Ҳû뵽һ⣬Ԩ˵㲻ҪԸkĲʵ
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ħڵ˼ʱǿѪ⣬ɨĽɸ
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죬̹˹ͻȻһĴȣЦˣ
ԨıѹʶڣھŲ̨֮춯
ڴصġûʲô飬ǾͿѯʣʲôûб̫
ĵǣǲܶԵkвġ̹˹ٺЦţȲһ㣬ŵǸΪȵ֮ڤɹն˵kһʶһɣkаʥΪһʶҲпܱ֮Ĩ
ţλƺ˵kԨʾͬ
ڵȾڵģҲ֮Ĩ˵һ֮񣬾ܹвkģ
̹˹ƶ˵
Ԩ˵ͷȴ˵ȪʧԺ޷ϵ֮񡣡
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ԣǻҪƿǿĺڰ
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ҵķǣն̨˲ƿƬڰɶĹ֮Դ飬һкڰ谭
Ǽ˵kòŮʣӶ磬Դشk
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һīӱ̹˹Ͳ˦˳
ЦǺǵأīʱīӿ˿ռ䶯
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ľҲ̬ѡһǿŨ֮ذɡ
Ǿȥ򣡡Ԩ̬

Դ磬

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Ũɫܣ͸ѷ뺮ڷ̬ϺˣֳһѲݵľӰ
Ϻǰޱ߹ɢݿ˺ǿߡ
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ǱԴѪ



ڶǧʮ ֮ս

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һƬɫĹĻȡԭѪɫĻҪԴѪ½֡
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Ϊ˵ϽѰ޲ףߴٵҪˣǧҪ
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ǰĵص׷϶ͻȻһ֡
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Сͼ˪ûǰĽ磬Ԩ뿪ԺǸػ˽硣
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ҼԴѪʶСͼ˪ֱ֮ӽвս
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Ԩ뿪ʱû׼
ԶǳϣʮѪĵ˿Сѵض˪Ҳֳһ˵Ӧܵסɣ
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Ԩνǰ޾ڰıӨλãһӰһ鲻Сʯ
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̫飬죬ûʲô飬У˪Զǽ֮ˡ
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ʯ֮һȵөΪ׳۹ĽⳤӣʼѸٵֱ֣ԴѪ½ȥ
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ƺܹвģһ̾սֵɡ
Сͼ˪

ɭء
һɽ⻬羵ɽ棬ͨڡ
˿ӿɫܣɽûܱߵǧǺӣһС
ţɭıأԱı߽磬һû
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ͻһݵӰɫĵۣɭıش֡
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ѦˣΪ֪ڵֵɣĿǰں
ֵɵ˽ⳬˣûǰֵҲһֱͬ
ԺֵɲŽԨ߽ճɹرԨ˵̤˷Դĵ·
ԶҪƾֵɵ˽⣬粻֮˵ֵɡ
ѦŲϣһöεĵ׹пںⲿͺֵɹͨ
ƴһ
ѦɬһֱϲǰΪѹţûкһս
Զ΢΢üӣѶңҺС̸һ̸
Ѧŵ˵ͷ²ϵĵ׹



ڶǧʮ ᴩĽ
öε׹УһֵƬһҫ
Ѧ츳Ƿڽսʱ˺պսΪ˷ֹϮɱ㽫˵׹
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ԶŽɵ׹עʱ૵
Ҳֵ֪ɺԨߵ̫Ļλɱ⣬ǲд˾ǰ̩ǣ̷ɽȺߣŵֹ˸һλǿѰ
ֵɣԶȻиģڽǱٴ˵ء
Сӣ
ʶͷöССĽε׹ȻΪһϸϪӡ
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ˣ
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ӿܱǳ˸ڶϢ˵ǿߣҲĿµĽⳤӣڻʲô
Сӣ
ԶΪ֮𶯣貵ĽⳤУ쵽һָкǿߵ
ֵɵĽ֮裬ﵽ޷ĸ߶ȣúԶǳ
ͻȻ貵ĽⳤӣһƬɫĹĻ
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ԶɫݣŴֵɹͨһ˻Ȼ
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ĮѦţüĶһѪߣͷ¶Ҫϡ
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Զǻ½ͬѪɫѿޱȡ
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ô죿ѦЩɡ
ͺԶһͬҲΪ˵ˣλĬ巡̷ɽԺȥսǵ
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λֵɵ
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ڽε׹ֲ޺ƺùġ
СӺǿδܻ뿪򡣡
ԶɫȻϧ˵ǰʵһԭһֱãŻһߣҲǲ¡̴Ц֣кһսʸ񣬵Ļ
ҡҡͷԶûм˵ȥƮȻȥ

Ѧųɽΰһ£˵һҪŰ

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ֳɫ˵Уȫ̩̹ս
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˪üͷ壬ʱ͵ĵļͨӽӿŴصĿһϺ
Ϻ޶ԣϺѹء
˿ѿڴ½汬ĿϺʱΪϺĵͨ
֪ϺʲôֲеĽͽܣ޷ͷû
żĺƵڵر޲ĺұڣÿ֡
ɫĻڳѹȣԴѪ½ĵ棬ɫԽԽ
̫飬졢ߣɿµòԴѪ½
ܿ죬ֻʣСͼ˪ڴ½ڲ
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Ƭ̺貵Ľ⣬һܹĳӷŶ

񲯱˺Ѱ㣬ԴѪ½ϹĻⳤи
СûжϺ˪û͸ĹĻⳤ֮顣

˪ԴѪ½ؿ
ɫܺѳ϶ʱ˪ԿⲿǺӣҲⳤֱԴѪ½ڲ
ֵɣԦĽⳤӣƵŶԴѪ½ķ

̫顢һĻ壬ⲿǺӸߺȡ

ֵҡһ䣬ɸߵ֮࣬ɫľȻĮ
ڽⳤǰˣԴѪ½ĸ߿գһʵɽɣɽ鲼ǧ̵Ľۡ
ÿһۣӦһֽС
һۺڣâУôҫ۶ء
˪ǵۣļأȻӡɽϣ
ѳʮһԼĴۺ϶ɵĽУֵɱĽɽ
ɽֵɵԪ֮
ɽϻнӺ֣Ӧġˮ֮ѹʵ½ġ֮ġ֮
ԽڣذأԽչߣкۼӡڽɽ
ɽ·нԴͷ
̫ϸϸ꣬ɽԨ̳ϣ
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һ̣Ľɽͳһ񽣣ֵ֮ţһնϺ

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ƯԴѪ½ϿյţΪȻɫˣСͼ˪סʱûϵϺֵɼ
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ĵ˿СС
ݣǾŵĵأ
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ҲΪ֮̾ҡͷԵأĵسֵɡ
ڣ½
䣬ɱһΡ
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׼սһֵɣˣǰ
ն̨һʱ䣬ĥն̨ûǺܣΪķӡ
ǵһʩչĵһΣȻɹˡ
ᴩĽⳤӣһ·ţҲһ·ǺܣⳤԴѪ½λãڵܺͣѾԶԶ˺ݴ۷壡
ݣǿʱڵҲﲻⳤڵ
ζŴӽԺֵɶԶҲҪݡ



ڶǧʮ ֮Դ
ǺܣֵǵĽⳤӣȡһ
ֳֵ񽣣ͣԴѪ½ڲ磬һشصɫĻ粼׷ɡ
ŶԴѪ½ķʹ˽
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ֵɫĮȻϲʾ˪צСҲѪǳ
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ŤϽҲԴѪķԸһЩĹȺΪ̬֮
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Ѫ֮ζǲݵڴǿվ޸ޱǿңԴѪ½ԶǾôϢء
ˣ
ͻд̶쳹ںһںɭı߽硣
һĿĽ⣬͸һұ
Ȼֵɵ֮
˽ɭ֮أǿıɽ羵⻬ɽ
һҫĿ⣬ۻҵķʽɫܺûֺⲿѪ֮磬Ҳնķѡ
ֵɣȻһãһ

մɭ룬ͺԶعݵѦţͻȻǿͣ٣ɫؿ򱳺
ԶҲȻתһľ񽣣Ũɫѡ
͸⣬˺ɭ񷣬ѳڶڵշ϶
СӣһγҵԤڡ
ԶҲżˡ
Ǳ񽣣֪ոսɵ׹ѣȻҲֵɵע⡣
볢˵ֵɣλţĻ
п׶
Ѧžţָɽɽ壬һֵ֮͸Ľס
ףֱܹﺮ
Ҫȥ
ԶæֹѦ侲ȵ̫ԾСӵԪ֮䣡

ݡ
ڵ䣬ͻȻ׷׸ֵܵɵĴڡ
ȷе˵ǸܵˣֵɵǱԪ֮
ԴԺֵɵԪ֮н飬Ԣ⽣֮Դ顣
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չǳķʽʵҲǽ
ҲһޣԽеķʽչǳ켣γս
ֻҪ޽ߣǲǳԽڣֵ͸ʱɿƵغԪ֮Ӧ
巵ΪǳԽ̺֮۵ķʽӡֵɵԪ֮С
ʲôսֵɣ
ֵɵԪ֮н޵ĹޣǽԴͷͻܡ
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Ŭôȥ׷Ҳսʤֵɣ
þ巺ɺ

ңԶĻĽ磬

컯ʹأһ;Խ˲գһͬƮŶ
õط
컯Ľľ֦Ҷֱˣk
ǿܰأǷ˵ϳҲڻĽľݵ㡣
컯壡
һĿռ϶Ρ׳ɽ壬ɫ΢䡣
һ̣㿴˴أľȡ
컢һҲ컯ʹصĵ𶯣ڰע

ԨıͻȻԼ֪ţԴѪͼ
ֵɵ֮һףƿܷʱ˸Ӧ
ĿǰڻĽ磬Դ纮ľ룬ʵޱȵңԶֻģ֪Щڡ

Ӱշ϶ɫӵؿ
ûб£ǽһá
ԨȻһЦ˵֪ţܹܲͨܵĻںȻҾͻѡ
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һӣǵЯն̨ƮڻĽǺӣѪ춯ջص˴ء
ն̨ǣԺĸ֪һء
ŵ֣Сͼ˪ĳսֵɵĲ룬ͨԴѪͼʱˡ
Ŀɫͷ治Ȼ辶أһ̳Ľ顣



ڶǧʮ ԴѪĳ

ֵɣ
ֵɣ
֮Ȼ䣡
˷ĸأͬʱ˻
Ԫ֮ɫĻԴѪ½죬һ֮ڣⲿڱκһն
ֵɲѣһ춯ء
Сͼ˪һһڹУ۽
ͻȻСԴѪһ
쳰Цţֵɵ֮粼õķҸԴı֪ˡ
ϺϷŵľӰɫȴһƬɭ
ڷֵǱԪ֮񽣵СŪƺԨΪҸŷеɷŨ֪Σ
ٺ٣Ҹȥ˷򡣡
СֿЦںڻĽķ򣬽ķȺЩշ϶Ҳ㲻նɱ
⻰һͻȻĬˡ
첻ԨĴڣҲ֪Ԩ̳ĵʮ㣬ܹ֪Ķͷλ
ԨԴѪܸӦ֪ġ
û뵽ǺӣԶڻĽԨܺԴѪйͨ
뿪ٵأСȻ˵ˣζСǺ˵
Ԩ˿̾ں
Ȥˡ
صתͨɫĻѺܿԴѪ½ϸ΢ҲСĹЦ
ܻ̣Լ
ɣⳡΣԨڻĽϳɻ⡣
˿ϣˡ
ԴѪ½ⲿǿյ̫飬һҲСĳЦܣķӦþʹ˴ס
Ҳʲô֮һսǲͣġ
ֵɸʵ֮࣬һִԪ֮һֻػ
ڵ֮ɭնŵĽǽ׷ɻء
꣡
ֵ֮ɷ
ͻȻȣνǿսûڵıҪˡ
䣬ӰȻûϺ
ϺӿꡢŤѪ֮ɫܺ¡¡֣ƺܾõƺ׼
һûѸٱţ׳Լ
ܿ죬ԴѪ½ⲿĺǿգ׳Ϊʵķ̬
ˡܺ˶ɫǳ·һٵСأҫ
ȥȺأ˿Ԩŵķ򣬵ᷢӿɢϺ̬ǷΪơ
ϺڵŶġ顱̬Ʒ
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С޲ף͹꣬ͷǿվ޼ҲӴ
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ԴѪ½ڲ˷λԴѪҲضá
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ﺧȻĵȺѵҪܲˣ
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ŵļХȻͨϺڵﴫ
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꣡
ӨڹסԴĺһ̲ؼеıӨĻȻ﷢ļХ
ʹ˱¶
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ֳ̬޲ףֵؿǰ̴Цķ򣬾ޱߵĺڰͽû
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޾ĺڰֲа񣬺٣
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ޱȵ޲ףͻȻ߲Ԩ֮µģƬ޾ĺڰأѲڡ
ڰȫʡ
ڿտ޵Ǻ£ֻо޴Ѥ÷ڣ֮¾Ԩ
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ŵļХܶʯܸգ谭
ԴѪ½ͻȻ֧顣
ɽѿΪ飬ɽӺ׷׽塣
һֻ֣֮ȫԴѪ½Ѫǳı棬һظѺŲơ
Ụ̃ķʯƯɢ䣬ڴļ˪ȳ֡
ĺ󷽣һľ޴α
ұɭʯƯαܱߡ
αããĺţųӨԡ
Ǽʶͷۺ壬λԴ̬
ڱڲѪɫէ֡
Ѫɫ⣬ҫ˱ڣһؽصʯ
αɽԴѪɽڲߵʯһѪɫ⾧̲УѪط
ԴѪʹ˳ǰ
Ҳŵǰ
Ҫˡ
һɱʶαڷͼһӨĺ⣬ֱ˪üĶȥ
𡣡
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һشؾ޴Ѫɫģٵ֣ϺһֻĹڸ¶̲ش
ۼһʶĺ⣬Ȼһ֣Ϣ
˼һʶü˪ܱѡ
ҪֻԴѪǱӻԴѪļԴ顣
ŵϺشѾͷҽ㲻Ҫҵĺ£ҿѴıΪܷļĳɾͽɹ
ĳɳͻƣֵа⣬ļ֮ԵkҲмǿɱ
ڹؼʱ䣬Ҫͼ˪ʳԴѪ


ѿշ϶ͷ˵ĸ׵ĻҵҲȥҪɱͷޣɱҰɡ
һѷ죬仰£
ֻʣһѷ죬ܹͨٵأͶ϶ڣԨ롣
ҲʱԨΪвԺŻΪˡ



ڶǧʮ ƾ
ŵ̾롣
Уڴ˿һأ֪Һ£ͨصѷ졣
ڴˣһ򵱹ĪЧ
ͣ
ϸһߵķ϶ʹͷС͸žǿ֮ɫ
ȷŵıֻ֪ҪĸףǷصס˽룬Ҳѡ
ΪһѣǧƵޣǿֲѪⶢϡ
컢ɫ¹һѪܺƵֻҪڷðƱرϡ
ƮĽģǿҪѪ⣬һʱˡ
ζ
ԲҲ
˵š

Ρʵ컯壬Ȼһǿɽǳ½أӴɽ˶϶ȥ
йǺĳϫֻʣһߵķ϶һسŵѿ
ԸԶ֣ҿԴ͡
֮ĸʶͨ컯ɢգ½غ¡¡죬Թž޲Ȼ˵϶ǸûռзأԺڷ֡
k̫ʼΪʱȻ뷢ѣԨľkƺøΪǿˡ
¡
Ԩü
һ䣬컯ʱͣ
֮ĸ̬֮Ҳɽ¶ͷk˵İɣѾͷˣܱܿͷеޱ¶
̧ͷڵkϡ
СѾͷôңԨھɱ㡣
֮Ȼмü˵Դ磬֮Դ飬Ҷ־壬㻹Զء
ܿĶ򣬲Ԩ
ôԶҲ֮ܿĸһ㵡
ԨߣʳԴѪƺҲûôס


䣬ͼ˵˪ͼĿͼ˪ʳԴѪԴһ
Ը߸ϣԴ飬Ȼû˿ľη֮ġ
Ƿ˲ˡ
̫顢ּ˪˵æ˪Ķ
ֵɣҲͻȻĬľȻؿ˪
ֵɷ·ڵȼ˪Լһѡ񣬶ؼ˪κѡ
ΪУ˪ڵˣԪ֮лм˪Ľ塣
Ҫߣ
Ȱǿŵˡ
飬ƺӡ
嵤˿Ϊ򦣬ζ˵ԨڻĽ罫ǸԴѪӶǣʹû̳Ѫ̨֮棬һٳԽ˻̨֮档һλԴ飬͵õԴ鸳ķأȻͬ
ֵͨɣ˵٤ǸġȪۡͨһ硣
ǸУк֮ܶȰǿߣԶӦԴӶ
ӦҲ㣬ȾҪһԴѪ֡
Դ顣
ܱѪеز߷˪ͼ͸ԴѪλԴӶ
Ȼ˵Ķǡ˪֮˪
˪󣬲ûйԥ˼ûԱĺǿα
Լ

һɼʶ谭ʶĺһ
Ϊе
־ڼ˪Ժ𣬵kûĽ˪Ԫ񣬶ͻȻѡһµķʽͼ˪к塣
꣡
ȫµıӨĵ磬kǿαͷţ˪ڡ
kʶ̵ļ򣬱鲼ڼ˪ľ֫ٺӡꡣ
سŵԸȥҸǿ
kͼ˪ںϣһű⡢Ľ⣬նϺڵ
һƬǺӣڶǳ½ذı鹹ɡ
һǺӣϺʱܶ͵̡
ʶô
źһǷ̬Ϻһڶ˶ĹţͻȻӴޱȵʬ
һ߾ߵʬһɽһӡ
͸Ųã͹ʬǼ˪δ飬꣬ƺȻǳڡ
Ϻڵʬŵעż˪ŭ
ʬҲȻӿֳ˪Ľ⣬âը

һ⼣߰ߵͭףŨѪţһʬĿзɳŴαȥ
˪һնȥͭ׿ըѡ
ͻܼĳӬͭѿʱ֣ű͸˷ܵα
ǣ
ҧű˺ҧżʵ״̬
ʲô
СЩŹֵĳܵظе־塣

ϺڵĴ֮һ
αڣѪɫŤңһشѪɫ˸ܿƵȥ
ܼĳѪɫ˸͸ʱҧסʹá
ֻȭͷСĳӬһѪɫ˸׳ͣΪЩϺӴʬ̬
ʵԨǻȺ
ֵɫľȻͱ̹˹ʵԨԨƮȻ䵽˼˪ǰ
ಣ
֮һֻס
һ̣ǧĽ⣬Ľնɱе
̳Ѫɫ˸׳δεƬƬرն
αûгԵѪɫ˸ĳҲĽն⡣
飬ǿսҲû˷ǲڴˡ
ֵ˱ļ˪һۣ˵⾧ڵԴѪѰһµ֮ذɡ
ὣɫ˲С



ڶǧʮ Ľ

Сӣ
ѦźͺԶˣɭı߽紦򿴵һĻ
Өʱ㲻ǿս򣬶Ǳɭӵ硣
ԺԶͨȻֵܿɼ֮࣬ҲܿαƬռһǺӵϺ
Ϻޱһֺ嶼֣ҪӶѡ
Զ
ںڲ̫飬޲װǿڣҲʧע⵽
ĺԶȻ䣬ǵkᶨ׷ߡ
Զ˸еܾûԴǵĵkĳһͻȻչ¶
ŰкԶ񣬺ǿֱ·ߡ
໣
С˻ХţƬƬϽ۶ǿվ޵ױֵ̬֮ƬӿɢϺ
СǰһѪɫĶͷ
˵ԴѪһʶע뵽СڣԴѪλϺڵս

ɫãȻġ˪ֵɵĺȰ˵ƮȻ䵽α
ԴѪıͷţ˺Ϻľ롣
ƣԴѪͼ˾
ԴѪעһʶ뵽СڣҪԴǣϺڵȡkͼ롣

Ľ磬һδ֪
Ůʳˣͣưܵأؿһûдεʯ
ʯа˱ۣͷ­˶ݳеĶУȼźɫĻ档
ǻǻϢ
˷磬٤ƣҲûǿܴڡ
ʱӿ쫷紵һЩǿڴˣưصһЩλͬĺɫȼա
ĻϢ
žણ
κһؽؽ̿Ŀݹǣʼûгεʯʯڴ˷ء
֪˶ãħ񱴶̹˹Ȼ֣Ҳͣûгεʯǰ
ȿȡ̹˹ȿʾԼĴڣŵԬ֮ǰĽ绹һλߣֲֻ֪꣬ˡ
ĳˣҲûתĮԴİ֪ЩΪ档
ٺ١
̹˹˵ͷлҳ˵ʯ¡
ǰһĻĽ֮ܵаħջ󣬱˻ĽԴѪطȼնѪȼʱ˷Ҳľˡ
֮ĿݹǣÿÿµǺܣֻȼճɺɫĻ档
˵˻ĽԬϽκ̤㣬͸ǿߣ֪¡
̹˹ͣһ£ľ̺ŮԬĽ̤˵ءɱʱ˳ֽǵļ룬֪˴˵ء
Ҿ֪һѰΪҲ֮
ħЦǺǵ˵
û𻰣ǽһؽ̿ĿݹǣڷʯĽ£ʯһֺʲô£
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Ƭ̺󣬳Ҳ˸߿ա
ǿޱ߹Ѫ⣬һŶ;ʹħ񱴶̹˹ڵưأûͣٵشǵͷ
ڲʳĽ򣬵Ѫ飬㲻ո
ȻԳ˺ʹħ񱴶̹˹˵һвû
̧ͷһֱƮȻȥ
ڸˣҪʱü
̹˹˵ͷ˵ԨҪİ
ħ˵ԨѣԨҪػԴ꣬ϣ֮ܽȵ
󣬳˳ĬãŵûҲҲҪʯɹϣܹ֮ͨ񡣡
ʯܹ֮ͨ񣿡̹˹
ͨľ̡Ůļ䣬ǰ֪飬жϳԬ֮ǰλĽ֮Ӵһаħ
Ҳǳ˵Ļ֮
ǰһĽ֮ڴ˵ȼմҲӭ
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ԴĻޣѪڵĺԴͷҲǻ𡣡
ԥһ£Ը˵ƣ߻ܼݡȪڳʱӳ೾ʧеǣᵽһ˿Ϣ
ʮУһ磬һŻ֮񡣡
֮񡭡
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̹֮̿˹Ȼ
һؿݹǣЩȼյĻ֮ǽǿĻ֮⻹ҪǿߵĺǡǰһĻĽ֮ûܹ£Һڴ˵أĹͷҲǻ֮̿ԭϡ
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̹˹ͷɫŹֵʵ֮˼
ҡͷûк˵κΣͻ֮ص¡ϣңҪڻϼȥ
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ܹ棬ܹڵġ
ǰãԨ̳ǵںϣǳ̨֮棬ҲҴȻܹݺͲ棬Ҳζ֮ͻ֮񣬶ɱԷҪԷȡǿ
Ϊܲ棬ǲŻ˼ҹأĻǵҪԵԷ
֣ڻϢ˸ݹǷ
һµĿݹǣЦҪӴһ»֮񣬿ĴڣԸⲻԸһС
ϣ̹˹Ȼ
֮ͻ֮һ磬ͬԵԴ顣ԿܷĽ磬ĳһ
һƽ˵Ȼˡ
Կ
Ԩʱն̨Ҳѿն֣ĽĽء



ڶǧʮ ɿ
籡ֽն̨ü
ѪڵԨ֮Ϸͣסȿ˿ԶȥģǿʵӴѪ⡣
һǺӵĿֲѪ⣬ʱ쵽ĴڣӿΪŤĶ
ԨϢ
ǿܹڱأϲʳŻĽǺӵѪ⣬ж˸Ӧӣѭűȥ
ѪʬǶ档
ĽˣսԨһ
ϣü
Ԩп̾ջĿ⣬תƵ·ưء
·磬鲻½ƬγɣûУûɽͲľȻҲûкϪ
˷صһЩ䣬лСĿݹǣɢŵĻϢ
һ½أͷɻ
Ůǰһͷ֫ϸۣȴа˱ۡ
á
̹˹ЦǺǵأ·ִкһ㲻
ն̨ڲӦô˳ȼЩ֮̿ɡ
ħͷȻףԨ޷λ˵ķλ桰̳ȴ
ԨȻҲͲˡ
ţҾΪ¶
ն̨ʱӨݣͷš
򡣬Ͱͨ͸̨棬Ҳ濴·ĳˣ
򡻹̨ڣͱ̹˹֣Ĵڡ
ԨûԨԴѪУûƿǿѪ֮ǰǻ뿪ն̨
ͰҲԹ⡣
Ҿ֪û¡
ħͷƤЦأû˵ڻĽЩǺأǻžͺá
ԻĽЩ񣬰׻֮࣬ҲĮĺܡ
꣡
ʱưصĸ䣬Ȼл֮ȼա
Ԩ۲һ£ͿЩȼյĻ棬һؽصĿݹǡ
ݹ΢ڣ罹̿ȼյĻ͸ŨĻζ
һشصĻ֮ȼյԽӿңЩݹǾԵڣаصĻ֮Խǿ
Ԭ֮ǰλĽ֮ڴ˷ĺܳףӦǷǡ
ڶǣصĸ깡
ݹоǺΪȼϣȼյʱԽãǵɫԽԽ
ֱĳһ̣Ϊġ֮̿вĻ֮
ĽԴѪԬ룬Ҳڽĳһ̣֮Σ乵ͨ뷨ԨӸ£Ƭ̺˵ڻĽԴѪɹûԴͬ࣬˸ǿĵĺ󡣡
ܿϧԬûеȵһ졣
ͣ
ն̨ݵЩ֮̿ٶȱúܿ죬ʱµġ֮̿ɣܹ
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ԨЦȻԽԽã
š
ͷʵͷɱĻޣҲγɻ֮̿ĺòϡ̫ףô󣬺ǲ֪䵽δˡ
ϵϢ֮ı䡣
µϢȻۡ
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Ȫ۽ͨģҲɻ֮ģʮеһ
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ܹ֮ͨҾյҺڻĽأпܻɱ˺ԨӲ⣬ڴʱڿһ̣ʹǰǰҡ
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ΪԨ㹻ǿԨԸ
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š
ͷ
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Ұ治С
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ͲţͲŮʣڻĽƴһ
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ѡ
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ͷ顱ͬСɣԺȥȡ
Դ޵Ľڶ飬ƵڸԴѪͼĴ½㣬Դֱӱ¶
һԴޱȵ꣬ƬϺ̤ǿӭһϴ
Ҫûڶʱڣͻеٴʱûнսʸ
ֵҲˡ
ԨֵɣǱԪ֮Ϊ֮Դ顱Ϊ飬дɵĽһ¡
СӹȻ
̹˹㶣һͷһѯʣǱߵͲģСѾͷЩڵ㲻ǱԶ𣿡
Զ
ԨɫĮҡҡͷ˵kҵĲģһ㶼ɡŸںںԺ󣬼ȥΪҲΪҵı͵k֮õkҲ޷ڳľ



ڶǧʮ ĬĬı
˵͵kԨһȻ
k˶Լ̳ĵھŲ㣬͵ʮѪ̨֮ʱԼıʱ޷ȥС
ԨҲţkһͬɣ
˵kĿǰҲڲ̫
̹˹ɫһħͫĵĻкܹܶʵʩҶƵkһ
㻹˰ɡƲ졣
ħͷڣ˵kĵҪͷ֮ȶ֣ĨkӡȾ
Ůʿ۵ףΪħͷkȻѹƣԵk첻ʲôӰ졣
ٺ٣СңԼôˣ
̹˹ƤЦⲻЦغǺͻȻ˵ͽüԴѪȥҵ˵ʥħ½ĽڲڣЩ޴ȥˣȥʥħ½
ʥħ½
Ԩɲ
ңȥʥħ½̹˹ͻȻ˷ˣ֪ڵʲôħȺkƿţʥħ½ҲkУ٣ûôףΪ˽Կҵĵߣʥħ½вõĺ֡
櫣ܹĺ֣ġ
ħͷСС
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ֵɺСȺɫܺǿ鼯ἫԴѪαڴ˷ǺӺХ
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αշţһĺ硣
ƬϺϺڲɱԴѪȥܡ
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Զûжԣԥһ£
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Ҳٳɣеġ֮̿ڷĽǰΪ֮ǰһƴͼ



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ĶĿУпֲĻ֮ͻȻӿ˲֣
ҵĻȼգԨ֮ȻڵĻ֮ȾһҪĽΪҽĳ嶯
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֮أ֮ʩչϴа롣
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ħͷЦҲ˼µĻ֮⡣
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ҴŵâڳһעԺġȪۡ
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־һʶӣѸע뵽Դܿȼŵֻۡ
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ڳ˵ڣᵽ֮Ϣλһ˶ǿoΪǿΪõ壬żҪԭ·ع顣

ն̨ͣӿġȪۡǰע־˳ع顣
Ө׵̨ڣۺϺ֮پļӳ֣ԡȪۡ
֮һ꣬ǿԡķܻصȪۡ
һŤŵĻӰԺ󣬽ȣ㾹Ȼ๴ᣬǵӺң
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ı꣬ûиŽ
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ԨͷҲôġ
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⣬Ҳܹӻһס

ǧǿգл֮ӿȼգعʱڳԶԶĻ
ͬʱֻ۴Ԩͱ̹˹ûӦ֮ȵϢ
Щɻʵȸʲôôͽյҽ
ڤǸȣûɱ㡣ԨҡҡͷȤأ۲Ż֮񣬵Һֻǰãйһװˡ

֮˰Σ·ͻȻʲô˵ڿȵأеάصأԴ룡ϣǸԴϢͽ
Դ飬ָȻԨԴꡣ
ԴȺԨ𡱵͵kԺаʥӻȪһ硣
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Ԩһʣ˭ǵάأ
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֣֮ԵЩ꣬ߵάغͿȵĹϵܺãڤͿҲţںԸλԴ֡˵ҵ˽İ취Ѿֲĵá
Ԩͱ̹˹һۣ֮ͨⷬȻͶϺˡ
ӳ೾ӦþǱǸռ֮ͨȪ۸ߵġ̹˹ͷ
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˵ʱɫûǿҵĸʴζЩݳ
Ȫڵ࣬ᵽϵϢҪ



ڶǧʮ ֮
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ħͷȻʧЦȽʲô⾪ϲ˫ϲţ
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Ϊ꾫½УˮħǼףȫ߾綾
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ԨƳ˳һۣ֪Ȫۣӻ֮عȣܹǽɱóʵ
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ţѾˣҳ˺Ҿͳµ֮񣬻ִ򡣡
赭д˵һ䣬ߺ֮ǰ֮ҪȡǿϧûܹԸ



ڶǧʮ ʾ
ϸŲŮʣҡҡͷұΪܹΪҵͽ̷ܹΪ
Ȼǡ
Ժ󣬱㷢ֳ˵ڣлӰ
ѵÿȵ洫ĲŮʣǾƲϵģҪࡣ
ҲΪˣתĿ꣬ҪִƵľ綾򣬽ԨѪܰ׳
ľ綾֮Դľ綾ǿѪ֮
ԣԨһζ̲Ĵҩܹ
³ͣǾҺǰļλսƷ
֮ȵзţԽһƬȺҫġǺӡʱҲԨĹ֮ҲҫϨ
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֮³ͣת̵ͭİ첲ʱѪעһ

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һֻǳڹ򣬾ͣԵú롣

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Ҳѹ֣֮³ͣҪսپ
Ȼ֪˷ǱŴֲ֮٣ᱻϣԲܳʱ䶺


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ӺǨǿǺӹŽӴѿʥħ½
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ħǽͷӶšѪ̳ϵλħ񣬻вܼĹӰæ˾´
Ƕ֪Ǻˡ



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˭󲻵̹˹УҲħɽȻԻħȺĿֲ
ħɽ𶯣Өɽڵ̾ʥħ½һħͷ׷׾ֵ롣
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ǱѪ̳תԻǵͬսľĲܼڸǣⱻ׵粨
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Դ꣬kǿ࣬ʥħ½ҲҪԴ
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˵Ԫ񣬶һ־²֪ħɽڵѹơ

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ܹȥ
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Ľ磬δ֪ء
Ԩն̨񣬲ؿħͷһۣû뵽ħͷʥħ½Ȼ׼˺֡
ħͷգգۣЦǺǵ˵Ҳ
˵ʱӶɫǹɱļ³;ޱѪӡ
֮³֮ͣ£Ѿû취Ť̡֮û취ħͷش
꣡
Ҳڴ˿̣ԡ֮̿񣬺Ȼѿ
Ķۣų˵ãŻҰɫоȼˡ
͡õĳˣ޳˶˲峺
ûһ˿֮³Ťļ
ƭң
ӦŴħ񱴶̹˹첲Ѫģ޷оת̡֮ļ³ͣŭųˡ
ƭӦýн
˻֫ʱɢѵ񣬾ɢˡ
ڵĻϢݳʧȡ֮Դ˽Ϊ
ಣ
ֱ֮ȶԨ֮
³ͣǴ̹˹Ը

ԨߺһȽն̨˳ȥסתġȪۡ
ն̨ڶȪ۵ǣ򡳤ХһԾ˲֮ȣƵȾ𹳰צץѪģ
λִ֮׵ľ綾֮Դһߡ
ؼΪĽ֮֮λλ֮ˡ
Խ֮Դ鷨򣬽ʮһ򡣬ս³Խ˵̩̹
ԴȻ⣬Դ磬Ľ磬ûԵкͶ֡
ʦҲҪսپkǿѪѾˡ
Ԩ֮ϷͫѪɫ磬֮ȵ˿ڡ
壬б򡶴˺ѵ˿ڣԨע£Ҳ޷˳ϡ
˿ڣһƵѪ⾫ܣҲԨӰŷ롣
ˣȴҲȬ
Ƽ˺ҧʹƫ޿κΡ



ڶǧʮ 
ʮһĻƽȻΪѲ֮һ
ĶΪԺ󣬾ǿŷɥʳŻĽһѪ⣬Ҳ޷Ӱ쵽
ˮֵǹ룬ֻħ񱴶̹˹Դܴش
֮ȵ˺ƤѣѪע
أԱߣѪΪ޵ϪӺ
ȵѪȳζ̱ǣϼܸʴอ
Ѫ֮ܡ
Ԩ΢ңңָȲһѪۡ
תѪ۵µһɾܳ룬̵Ѫ⾫ܣ˿߰Ԩġ
ȵѪ⾫ܣģϵЦݶʱӲ
Դ֮Ѫ⾫ܣȻ̲ž綾һƷ·ǿĸʴ
ڸʴУڶ;綾صĴ
ֻǣڲϵظá
Ҫִ֮֮ƵĵͲɱأҪֱ֫ӽнӴ
ԣʯȵطͱҪ
ȻѪǣħܿȰ㣬Ҳ֮
ҪȵĴ޿ɱأᱻ綾Ⱦ
ͻȻע⵽ΪȵŸʴǾ߱ץѪģٴοʼϡ
ȣҲͨãȡµ
ˡ
ԨȻ˷ȥ֪ȵľ綾
ԯ㣬֮Ҫն̨
ն̨ڲ
ԾԾԵԯն̨ڲأȻĲȨĳһ͸̨档
ֳԡ

ӿĻϪӣ͵شԯͲ
ն̨ڲ磬ʱȵأȵľأҲˡ
һͷͷġȻ˳ɳն̨ţȼ֮ѵ
ԯļ»棬ӿ˿ڳյ֮֫役ڡ
ŤذڶţҪӻִƵ
򡣬ȼն̨ܵ˿־壬Ըա
ڣ
šȪۡն̨ȼյĴĻ棬Ҫܡ
ӿȼյնֳ̨˸Ļ棬֮ȶȥ
ǣԯͷŵĻ໥Ӱ졣
ҵĻУʼջ磬˺֮
ԯն̨ûֻ͸Ļ棬Ӿ֮ƣ֮ϼˡ
Ԩ䲻ԯѪ⣬ߺλoܵ˿־;
·Ļ֮³ͣת̡֮˱۱նѪ죬Ҳʹħ񱴶̹˹ˡ
̡֮ʱƣʱ壬ǸǸ˽ɫǹ򱴶̹˹ħ
ѵѵ
ħͷˮħ̡֮ҵԺҲǻ硣
ǿħ񱴶̹˹ħפħǡ̡֮ʹħҲơ
ħ죬ɶ־䰺һֱڹЦš
ܶܶ꣬ûɿһսĶˣֵɺ̴Цڵ֮³㣬ս˺졣
ݣݣ
貵Ľɫ磬ųҵĻ棬ڼ³ݳɣһ첲Ѫյ˿ںͽںۼ
Ǹ˽ɫǹԯĻ֮õ˴ǿ
ǹԭΪףǰǵ¯棬ȷʵ̲Žͻ֮С
ʮһԯֱִ˽𡢻֮Ըħͷõ˽ɫǹȻʢ
³Ͱ³ͣҶɱ㣬սһӡ
ϧԴҪˣǿѪҲ;УѰ찡
³ͣԺһڰ䡣磬ʲôoιɵģҶ֪ġ
ģһǵģ³͡

ħͷǹսʱੲݵأħݲλ֮
³͵ԺħĻ֮

ŮʣͻȻֳԭʼ࣬չ¶ı
һͬڻ֮ڳ֡
һˣͷۣׯϣԴĳλ顣
ݣֱӦ;綾ȫˡ
֦񳲰㻷֫ͷžڣаС
һֻ޴ɫͷ͸ҲϢ
ֻ޴ɫͻȻ˻֮³ͣͱ̹˹ɱ֮³͡
ͷۣɫׯ϶µĳˣ֮ȡ
Ļ棬ɫУӲ֮ǰ
Ԩ򡡢ԯĥģ˺۵ȣԻǵͻֵĳˡ
ȵǰһԹţʶش˳ˡ
꣡
Թţͷ۵ĳˣ׵۶ˡ
һԹţһĨϲһִƾ綾ݣ³һѪ
ѪУ綾Ϣӡ
Ѫ֮ȵıǿף䣬۾ͣ뵽ȵԴ
֮ȾҲԺ
ôʱǰһĶֱ˺
ûһԹţҲקµȣ·ʧȥ˾һήˡ
ƺ֪ȵڣһ־ֱҪɵɱƺԯǿ
ˣҪˣҲҪ˺ˣӲˡ
ȡ
ն̨ڵԯԶͣ£ûٶ֡
֮ȱ役ڣ۾նųˣһϢ
λoԴڣھ綾䣬ǿڳ³Ѫʳţ׵ҲڱѸٰ롣
Ǹ
ؿų˵
˸ͷ۵ڰִƵľ綾ʱֻɢϢɫ񣬻ϱ̹˹Լ³֡
ڶĹ磬ڼ³͵ϡ
УһĻ˼³͵һ첲
ͻȻչᣬֻ³͵ĸ첲Խ˻֮ףŨֱԨ
³͵Ѫ⣬ֱܹӽɣȾ㡣
ʱͷ۵ĳˣŶԨڽ
֮ȣִƵ޷ͨѪɡ
˳һ£˵һὫִ֮Ƶľ綾أӡһݸ㡣֮³͵ģҲһݸ㡣
Ԩһ㶡
أ˵Ҳˣзݣܲܰæɣ
üԨҪ
ԨɰͰЦûٴſҪǹԹԱˡ
˿̵ն̨ˡȪۡ³ͺȣһԽն̨
򡣬ԯ̹˹гȫԨѪƺ⣬λoעҪڴˡ
㴦ɡ
Ԩ֪ʲôˣն̨ڴˣ֮Хȥ
еȥδ
kǿѪ⣬ڸϸ;УȥһԨӦһ䣬˵Ҫ죬λoѪ⴦ɾУ̲ŰѪȲҪ
Ŷ֪ˡ
ɢػӦһ䡣



ڶǧʮ ³ɶ
Դ磬
ɢݵϺɽâʱҫ˻谵񷡣
ϺڣͷСͣ
ûںµСק·Ķֵɿһ
ʼƲݡ
ݣݣ
ǧҫĿĽâֵɵ⣬ܹȦնŵĹ䡣
ëԺٴϺʱֳϺڵ
Զҡ
ü΢µë
ëͷʰĹܹãޣ
ʱһֻȻϷˣʱ̬֣֮ƬϺչֵÿÿܵõϺ
ϺûǿܣתΪܣŷ·
ֵɳţһն
һĿĽⳤӣӿɫܺڣ̳һѿڣ̬֮Ŷ
ⳤڲ̲ǧУڶɷ׷׼ǿ֮
ظ
ݽţƸ¶ΪһĵĶ졣
ڵһͷͷ֪˻
ż춴죬ĿĽⳤ£ڶһ𷢶˹ڵĽС
ʮ֣а֮ࡣ
ȡԬִƺƬϺЩʱ԰ͷľѪΪ졣

Ķ죬Ϻڵͷֵ
ֵɫĮȻֱ̽ǸĶ죬ԴĿĽ⣬ڶնɱһ
λ֮ϵ붴죬ҲڶС
ֵնɱеԽ˺˶Ժط֣Ȼһ̤ˡ
Ϻʧ
ǰֵģ̩ǣݣʮС
ȻӺͨŵһ죬ɱʱִ˻
ǴӻڣҫǵһڣͻȻðͷ

ˣ

ӿҫֵֵɣ˵ע⡣
ںݵĽǱߣˮ֮֮䣬ԵȽڵĳϣͻȻֶڡ
ڵĴɣӺݷɳſҫǵλö
ڡ
ֵɣ
֮ɹΪ̷ɽһ֮Ȼ
һ£̷ɽĽ³֣̤Ҫ⡣
һҫ£˵ۣڵߴΪ𶯡
ȥ
Ȼʧɫһ쵽ֵɵӰ֣֪ᷢʲô
һʱȥ̷ɽȵҪΪɯҲΪʮһڲҪðʧ
̷ɽûлʤϣһ㶼ûС
氲ڵİ𣬡Ҳ´㣬ڵɱѳߵ㣬ɱɯҪɡ
٣ǰɯͬȵ߾硣
ڵӦáѾʮһȻ͸ȴоˡ̷ɽ㲻޳Ԫѣ㣬о巣ʱ£һɱġ
氲пʵ
̷ɽ󣬻һƨ˵ϡ

Сӣ
ֵڴĺԶԿռлع顣
ĺԶֵɵǰΧת˼ȦźǺǴЦڿϻؼˣ
ֵüҡҡͷûмҡ
еģ̩ǣݣ򣬰򣬶ļң
㿴ǡ
Զָ֣˿̴ӺݷɳģڵЩɳϡ
ǶǽڵˣҲˣǶڵȺĻع飡壬λѪԴͷΪƫƫ벻ԨΪ飿
Զʹļ׵˵
ֵĬ
һĽڳϣ䣬ԣԬЩ츳׿Ⱥߣֵž
ԶǵһԱǿ֮УСӣҪңҲҪŽڵЩˣǲẦġ
Сӣǧѡǿߣ㲻ʧ
Сӡ
ԶȰ˵
ֵɫû仯ű飬ΪʲôͷСûϺڵקºͱŪ˳ȥ
СȺϺǵĶȴһ
ĶţСϺã㱻ǸϺǱصﶢϣӶ˼ս
ԴѪһʶС뿪ɳϺʱ֪Сˡ
СҷϺ·ʱžżսսˡ
ģžŪһڶࡰƶĶ죬˶󣬾
ƺΪúԶл
ôʲô
ֵ룬۾΢Ȼ׹
ӦҪͷｫСˣҪʱСڣԴѪӡµѪУ
ţΪһս׼ŲԸȥ
Ҫغ򣬺ս
ֵɱ̬
㲻ҪˣСӣҪ̬ȣ
Զסָѵǰ䣬ڶĽڳϣ˵Ƕڵѳɽ֮㲻ǡ
Ƕڵ㡣
䣬԰ĴɣҲͺԶȰ˵
ֵɲ㶡
ķ㶲Ҫ纫Զǰ㣬»عԴӪ֪ǰ
ԨԿռ䴩ûʲôо
Զŵ˿ߣ֪ôӺδ뿪
ʱͻȻʶǶյ룬Ū򣬾ѡ
߳˻ҲԼѸٻع麮



ڶǧʮ 
еƬϺڽֵʧԺҲֹͣӿ
˷磬㾲ֻʣһڡ
Ծ桱ǿαȥķλ૵ʥħ½
κ覴õϣ͸ŨŨĲм
Ƭ̺ջĿ⣬зڴأʼźµ״
Ҳ֪˶ãһûƤκǣƵƯ
ȻСϽ𺡹ǣ
Ϊ𲻾õС̩̹Ѫอʳɾһ棬ϽͷŵĹ
òϡ
򴽽ǣոձһ٣¶֮ɫ
ҽĺǣʺҵ
ǾӴϽǣڷɳǧɫĵ磬鼰ǸеϢѪܺۼӡϽС
޴Ͻǣţ⡣
һؽصǣ±⣬һѡ
䣡
ЮϺڵķأѵǻ£
أһɽ͵ͼ̩̹ΪĴ

ڣϷɳ𾫣âĿʯһһ䵽ɽʵͼΪС
ոͼɢݳѪ֮ʱϽɽʱΪì
صͼӡ࣬ķС
֮޴Ͻͼˡ

Ϻʼ
ϺСǧ򱶣ռؽĶʱƬϺٴη
ʱϺȻסʵԨϷ
Ԩ
üȡ
Ϻ·ѤõԨ񷸲ǡ

Ϻڣͷ顱ͻȻһ춯ص
Ľڣѵ˻ʵԨҫѣĿĹԡ
ڲڣľˮǣ׵磬Դĵʹ£һһֳ
źܺڲͷݵͶֳ۵
·ͨУȥԴӡĵأеķС

Ľ硣
ǿյѪ⣬İݼŵշţԽһƬƬǺӡ
Ļͷ֮·ûѪڣɵļ졣
ͻȻͣ
һɺѪ磬ңԶǿէ֣

ֹסΪԨ֮ɫϾؿ
Ҳʱ
Ԩ֮ڷıͬʱһ
ظоƿصϺͷš顱ѪͳޣСʳڳꡣ
һͯһ꣬ĳɱ䡣
˴Ȳʳ˻ĽԴѪԬ룬ʳԴԴѪΪ̩̹
Ѫʮһû޻
ɱȻԨʶʮѪ̨֮棡
Ѫ̨֮棬ȫȫѹסǿ̨֮档
˺ܾõĻ̨֮棬ҲͻȻðκε춯
һ֣ԨԴѪУѸٵظš
ԨҪգԴ磬ԨĽ磬еѪء
֪ǿƶеѪ⣬ҲץС
ڴʱ֮ǿѪǰ
ԻĽԨζѺĿֲѪ⣬ᵽϵϢӽ㰲زٶ
ԨѪһͣס֣ḧѪ⡣
Ѫı㣬ʺϼ⣬Ѫʱ󣬻͸һ˵Ĵ㡣
ǰӴѪ֮ϣûʲôرĸо
ѪЯܣٴִʱһַ˼ĸо
Ѫ⣬оôϤѪʱ·ڴԼ塣
Ѫ·ġ
ǰһֱţԨԴѪи͸ͼѪ⣬µȺѪ޾ѪܣΪЩ׷ǿߣһöö
Ѫ⡣
ͻȻ䣬Ѫʶʹܲɷֵϵ
Ϊҵʶڣ̳ĵʮ㣬һööӰأ
Ԩʡ
ʱıڷͷһСֵ͸
ԺУֳܶģĻ棬Ԩģ
·𿴵ںͽľˮǣ˴ͬԴӴһͷǿġ顱ڡ
ͷ顱Ϊ

޾ĺڰȻڲԶðһֻǳͫƯںڰ֮ϣĵؿ
ѪԨƮȻϷֻ޴ͫӡ
ͫĻ꣬ħͷ䵭ȥ
ݱһµģһ֮Ӱ֣ͫѸٵطŴ
ԨԴ꣬ûǰλoڵأ;תˡ
ǿԺһˣʮ硣
kڣɫƽ˵֮ѳ֮ãҲںһʱ̡
ЩoִƵҴ඼ܼݡ
Ҷеͨ׵̳ͨ
ԨֳĬ
Զڷıͨҫ߲ϼ⣬ٳһǰͨʱȥԮ
ʱص룬֪ʵʱܴС
ɱ֣ڷЩǣɫ컢һӳ
oҲͬĶͬ
ͫеĵk̸ûмڶչֻǲչźڰ˷Ǻ͸
кβͬ˵



ڶǧٰʮ ı
׼Ԩ¶Ըı顣
Ըá
kȻһЦط㣬ûһ˿ɱ⡣
Ԩ΢΢üɫŹֵı仯ܴ󡣡
ԨеλԶǸ߸ϵıûǻӦеУŸߵǻ۵
kͻȻЦݣԨеİһӦ
Ҳġ
kͷʱյǳһһϨ𣬡µ̬Ӧ磬ϲڵҡ
ֻڵͫʼźڰûǺӡ
գֻͫɢݵǣkԨлҳʱûֹͣȾռ
ŨĺڰħڣŶڵkģޱȴĻܡ
ԨȻܵˣڵkͺڰԴĺڰ֮أڽתƣkҪ˷ǿռkǵء
˫սká
ԨԴ磬Ľ磬絮Դ飬Ȼ
ľˮǣȻۣȫۿɼڰ׵磬ҲһȻܹͬ
k˹ؿڡ
Ԩ
һˣʮ磬֪ļλoУ𣬾綾ռҲǵֹЩܹ֮ءkĽ͡
Ԩkⷬϸһ룬ȷˡ
kԨ˼Ƭ̣ٵĸԴ飬ûݲףҲһܽԴͷš
㣬̳ͨ
k˵ʱͫı㣬Ѥõۡ

գۼ䣬һȫµ㽫ֻͫ֡
ľˮǣ׵磬ֵڲֳ
ԨܵһϤ֪ʧڴأǿӴѪ⣬ŷ˲֪ͷkֲ˹
ɢڰͻܵͫԵkԱȻҪȻ
kƿصǹؼ汸һʵԨһڴ½kһαš
ٴγֺ󣬾Ȼط
Ԩüһʶɣk׼սˡ
̸£Ȼһ
Դ̬Ƭֱܹɡ
kԨòֻͫ΢΢һЦľˮ࣬ǹʵʣҡ
ʮ磬£ܴҡ
kһ߽һ߳أڰ͸
ȻŵkϢĺڰÿÿٽǿӴޱȵѪʱͻرܿ
˫ˮˮ
ҿ֣ݻʮ磬ɱеo
kĽ飬ܸоЩoҲǵ紹ΡȻսһսǺβʱ³ɼͬҵɱ
֮䣬ô꣬ؼһʱɣ
ڰȻڷӡ
ЩڰֵǳڶĽһȻչġ֮·ΪĻ
ӴѪ鱻û
kĵִڰ͸ЩĽĻ·˹ޡ
ʲô˵ģ
ԨӴѪ֮ϣ˷ĿѪɫͺڰ
죬·⡣
Ȼںܾúܾǰͺǰһڶ硣
Ԩƺֻ֮һ
ӦȽĽ𣬲ôͣ¡
ӴѪ⣬ԨĽһûkԸǰ㣬Ľʣ֮һȥküź˵һֱĬʳѪ⣬ոꡣ
ͫkָԶһǺӡ
ĽĲ񣬻вٵǻȺûҵӡǡȻǵĴڣħԨȺǿҵ
ôǾͲô
ԺѪ֮⣬ｫɢǺӡչ֮·µЩĻ˹ޣЩҵĺۼ
Ľ磬սҶӭȫµȺ֡
Ժ飬γɵһ̣ҵĺۼȥ֮һͱΪҵĳ񣬽ΪԴͷ
k˵˵kļƻĽڻĽ紴µǻȺ
ڻĽ絮飬ͻ壬ħԨȺǰ㣬˵kĺۼ
ЩҲᷢɳɱ䣬᲻ɱԵkڻĽ̤ϴ֮·
µĻĽӵkkΪԴ
ȥܹǿkkԴĵȽ׳ͻơ
һˡ
šȪۡն̨УԨӼǶն̨ؼˡ
ԯ壬Զɫ
ڶԨΣԯһ̤ն̨ǻ֮׽Ϩƻɢǿճ֡
Сĸܣûо쵽ŤĿֲûᵽѪζ
ûˡ
ն̨ЦЦ
壬λѪ纣ʮһҲն̨ڳɵĿ¶ɵЦݡ
ʱ֮ȣ֮³ͣŮʺħͷɹնɱ
ڱƣڵľ綾ѪҺͷ۵ɣ仯һ֡
ħ񱴶̹˹Цţһźqqꡣ
꣬Ȼǻ֮³͵
oĻ֮ҾȻҲܸҲȥɼ沢
ħͷ۶Ц

컯һ͸񾧴ڣȻ˳ȥ
Ǳն̨򡰹֮Դ顱ܱӻǣǾ컯еҡ
Դܹʱֹܴͨĥ½𾳽磬ûôն̨
ûˡ
ЦȻûܵѪ֮
ԨѾɹˣǿĽѪ⡣
̫ʼҲ컯̤ڴ֮ĸİ£ΪʮһһѪħ
Ȼ˵ŰĽ磬ڶΪصѪ⣬Ԩƺˡ
ϲ㡣
ϲϲ
ˣ컯֪ҲɹΪ
̫ʼڰ֣ޱϲݲȵԨʵΣ
kڻĽչһս
Ԩڴصı壬ġһֱ׼ţʱܹǰ֮ڴս

һշ϶ͷͬʱ֣˵ҲԸս



ڶǧٰʮһ ģ
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ѷǿգһ𾪻̲񣬱Ԩ̫ʼ˵С
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ĸףʵԨϷ᳢
ɳǵշ϶ڷ򣬵ȻΪ˶ԸkҲԸ
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컯Ĵ֮ĸһۣҡҡͷһλûеҲԳ
ǿǣ컢ߵ

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̫ʼ΢Цͷ컢ʵûнʮһǰĲС
컢أͫ׹¶Ҫսһ¡
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ĸ˵ȥĿɲֹԨи硣ĵ
һ֮ĸ̫ʼӴĽľƱ׷״
ֹԨ
ѵи磬ǿԴɱΪ֮أ

Ԩһʶġ̳Ѱţ濴վһ޴ϽͼƯϺϷ
ϽͼǣԨһ˿ɫѸûˡ
㿴Ϻ棬ڸԨѤ
ŽϺӺŲƵʵԨϷ󣬺ľңԶˣҲʱȥӦ
̫ңԶҪһźϺҪķѲ
ҪȫЩʱԸ˷Ѹǰû⡣
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˵Ҳ֣ŵ磬ǵkͺڰԴء
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ش֣
ʶʮ֮ߵġ̳ߵѪ̨֮ڣȻһʺ࣡
ʺ࣬Ͽ׶翪ҫǱһĶڡ

ǿѪ⣬һööӣǱеģȥ
ÿһöӣ뵽ʺ࣬׳һ֣
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һļ䣬Ժӿ֣ȴ֪⡣
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УǸִԴѪʯԭʼ̬ҲѪ̨֮汻֡
ԨȻΪͼԴѪʲôʱˡ
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࣡
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ǿԨˡ顱ԨĻ
û뵽һԨԴѪУ͸󣬻һѪ̨֮͵ظ֡
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Ԩζʲôܣʥħ½ԱߵԴѪȻڣұŶʶ
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ԨֹʱȻԴԴѪ˿̺ͼĶԻ
ʥħ½ԱߵԴѪǻֵ̿Ԩиܡ

Դ磬ʥħ½
ǿαڣڶ´Ѫɫʯڲ֪жٳ罻֯ţҫĿѣԵĹâ
ңҡ
ԴѪʶڱڷɴܣҶ־塣
ÿһ磬·ǵkһ񾭣ǵkʶԵ磬ңҺ񡭡ԴѪ£ͰͣӲ˵Ȼ
ҲûмԴѪ֪kΪ˾֡
ʲôѯʡ
һңקԨ̳Сһ̣Һˣļ䡣ңƺԡ
ԴѪͣ
ǽͷʶѯʣʲô
֪˶ãλԴ磬Ѫ֮ԴͷĴڣ㯵˵Һ񣬾ԡԨǸԴѪ

ֱ𾪵Ըӡ
ֹңĽǸԴѪͬҲԡk
ʥħ½ԱߵԴѪѶϢٶȱԽԽkƺ˼ѰұĹžɼ䣬ǼһѳһԴͷ㣬ҺͻĽǸͬ࣬Ǵӵkѳȥġ
ڲͬ磬ӣȫµ顣
ԴͷԨĵkʱԴͻĽ磬ֻһƬߣû鵮ǿܱⷢ䡣գͨͬ磬ͨǴ飬ڵģk򼫺͡
ɵˣ૵ľԴ粥һ֦Ѱ֮ĸ
ǵġ
kʶ͸ſɬ
kԭΪkԴ絮ģkΪkִƵУǵkġ
ͻȻkֵkֻǸ߲εԴѪһ֡



ڶǧٰʮ ؼ
ħأżԴѪαȻʥħ½˾롣
Ժļ˪ҲڼķԸ£ԴѪıŲƵʥħ½
һʶȻҲط
kĽ̸Իκ֪˪Ҳԡ
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ڡѪ̳ϷĴħǱоǿα켣Ծ˪ʵԴȴûеkǵİ֮أʥħ½ĺƵҲǵkǵУkΪαã
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Զʥħ½ԴѪںαڵļǱɢڸ磬ڲͬѿеĻûɳӭ򱻱ԴɱԴĸǻȺĨ
ҲеɳңĽĵkһ
һͬɳ磬˻𣬺ʵԨһ
kȥ֪ԨʮѪ̨֮УǿʺϢ
ǣԭĿɱֻǵkɢڸӰˡ


ϷԨ鶼ԵΪأִԴѪͼĽ͸¶Ϣ羪׺ըҲһסˡ
Դ磬Ľ磬λԴѪǴԨλڷģ
λģ¸͸λһʺ࣬ڵʮѪ̨֮档
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ĪɣΪԼλȫУȡԴѪУλˣ
Ԩһľɲ
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̫ʼһֱɫ仯;죬kѵˣkڻĽδؾֵˣ
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ΪԺ̫ʼʼڵģλִߴطԴ飬ĳһ̶Ϊս

ԨһͻȻ淢֡
̳ĵھŲ㣬ӦԴĻ̨֮УиѸɡ
ϸϸӦʶȻǼ³ִƵĻ
һ̣Ӧ˴ħ񱴶̹˹
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ħͷֻڶСħ꣬ɫڼ³͵ƮѰż䡣
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ֻҪһħ꣬ӦĺۼԨĻ̨֮
Ԩ̨֮쳣Ϊħͷͨ³͵꣬УҪ仯յһͨ
ңȷеĻܶ⡣
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Ӧһ˵ĳλoˡ
ԨüͷŲûӿġȪۡλo͸˻Ȫۣкصļ䣬Ӽ³ͺȵĲлĨˡ
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ԸŻ򣬺ȥʮ񡣡
Σ
Ȼ˿̷ն̨Աߵ״kҲ쵽ˡ
طôԨȻ
ǵġ



ڶǧٰʮ ش
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Ԩ˵ͷƬ̺ͻȻ㵱겢ûԨԴѪУĳַͨkңԨȺ
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ԨٴѯʱkҲġ
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ԴԼ̬֣ǰԻǧ󣬱ƬϺҲû

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˴ܹͨģkܴκһȡ
ҪҪк֮
k󷽷أڲһͷꡰ顱ɫͳԨ֮



ڶǧٰʮ ȫѹ

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ԨЩ죬׵kΪͻȻͳȻ֪ԨöɫţǰαԴѪ½Ϊơ
ƵѪܣöɫţͷĻ飬СǱƺûаȫС
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Ѥ·գĴѰʲôʲôҲûз֡

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ȷʵЩڡʵܵͣнյĳɾͣҲЩ⡣
ֻ޴ͫ˻صڰԴɫһֱƽ
ҪɱʵҪѵɱŲѴ֮ʹţ̳ĵʮ㣬ԴѪֳĻӶ޴ӣҲ޴㡣
ˣ࿴ͷСްɡ
kָָk͵ԨǻöֹɫʾԨһ¡
ԨϸϷνɫţʵҲƬϺΪԴѪ½ѪɫĻ̬
ɫĹ̲ԴԴѪͻĽԴѪԼѪ
ɫ˸ڹڹȦεԨһ֪Щ˸ڣǿѪ
ԴǿվޣͻĽڶҫĿѪǿߣصѪӡǴڹڡ
һɫ磬ŲͬѪڹȦ֯Ѫɫٲ
Ԩߣ߮һ󻺻סһͷС򱶵ľޡ
һȥһֻ޴ɫˣϸ֮Ԩ̩̹
̩̹ͺݵľͬҲģֻǱ˺Ͳ̩̹ûô޴
ڵС޳ȴΪĹӴܳ硣
צҲΪĴִצǷצ
ңԱƽͷǰˣһԡϽǡ
һǣ͸ķϢʮһѷһ
ѪȴͳһǼԴ磬Ľ磬ǿߵŵ㣬ǵѪء
ȻĵϢŵϢ
һʵʶ޻ǷֿģȻǶġ
ԼƺҲγɵģ֪Լ˭ֻԶƬϺڣһδεͶʳ
ԵǿվޣʮǿлĽ񣬻Ůľ̰۷塣
ûƬϺΪͬΨһˣǳ˯˯˳ԣٻʱͳս
Ѵãûоʷ׳ʵľ
ڱɫţƯԨǻʱܵĪĿ־壬ҪԶض
ǵϵϢ
Ҳ֪Ϊʲô־κˣÿÿͬˣͱܵز˲Ҫս뷨
ƺˣȻȻȫλѹơ
һͷʱġԴޡ
ԴͻȻڡ



ڶǧٰʮ ֵ̿СԴ
ҪΪͷԴޣֻϷԨʱӦһʬ壬ˡһ˵ԴʱkȻøӣkݳЦ⣬Ԩ˵ڻȥԨ棬һͷԴ޵ҲӦúɣ
Ԩһ
ûеԨڣkԹԵ˵ʵҲ⣬Ҳû뵽ֻϷˣȻȥһͷԴޡ
ɫڣͷġ顱kⷬãȻ
ͷĴ֮ŪԼ˭ˡ
Դޣ
ԨüȻҲ˵ԨλԴ꣬ͳƺ顱ΪԴޣ˵ͷСԴ޵ĵͺݵıԴĳֹ
ͷԴû»Ľ֮Ԭ룬ûгԵСǰѳ˲ٱԴ
ȷ˵ͷСԴ޵ĳ꣬Դ
ҲΪŲŻϮɱ½ϣشȡһɱԴ
֮ǰ׻룬ű˵ıԴҲǱͷСԴ޲ʳ
ȻͷԴεģͺݾʲôϵȴʼղԸ˵
ԨԺѰǲּ䣬ҲֻͻصĲ֣вûԴ޵˵
kͻȻ˵ƺͷճġ顱ΪСԴޣ֤ŵϢ
ţԨԺʱԴޡ
k΢΢һЦ
ݣ
һںݵڱԴkҨһˮ㣬һŪ˹
Դڵk̬ģӵһλھ޽Ϊߣܹӵʵʻ
ʱٺݵھޣżΪһɱԴȥ
ڣkȡһɱԴֻΪ̽СԴޡ
㿴ɡ
ڱԴkᲦŪȥ
Դ͸ɫţȻСԴڵ硣
ͷСԴ־ԨҲ־ŵkɫżҪԼһڱԴ֣ǳ˳˷ܵؽһ¡
˷ܵش
бϢڲƵرԨĹϲ

ʵԨһĽ򣬾ԨµӴѪҫѪ⡣
ԨΪ֮Ȼ
ӴѪ⣬еǿ飬һ̰
ȻԴɫڵСԴޣû¶ܵʳͷ
ԨƿѪԺ󣬿ԸƽɢݵģԴŤ֮
ǰͷŵϢλoԯ壬
Щû£ΪԨϢ䣬ıƽϢˡ
ͷɫڵСԴޣԨĸоУѪ֮磬֮ǿ󣬽
ΪǿѪСԴ޵֣˲ӿʳıܡ
ֵǣʲôûз
ԨȻ֣̽ᰴƯǻģɫš
Դǽڶ󣬸ԴӡķȥѪΪĹţʹСԴޡ
ԨȫҪˡ
ֻһɫϣӻͷСԴ޵Ĺţڲصз׷Ϊ
ŵˣУܽͷСԴק
ɡ
Ԩкһɫž»һƬϺƯͷСԴ·
ϺҲչСԴµĵ̺
䣡
һ綼ҪӴԴޣ˿ݡ
ãȻأźȣֻ֥СԨ
ܵĿֲ
ϺϷȾܣǶˣϺҲԭء
ʵԨȥҲûĽ󲿷ֵΪſѪ⣬Ȼ׽С
ͫиɫĵէ֣泯Ԩʹͷ
ҺСԨӡ
ҡ
ԨȻʧЦҡҡͷüֱĪ
ϺһͷϢһµġ顱ͷС޾ڶ
͸㡣
ԨԴĵkֻ޴ͫڣһȻӡ
ѪԽǿ飬֮ǣԽµǿ⣬ͷСԴޣлĽԴԴѪ͸η㡣
ͣһ£k񱴶̹˹Ĭr롢櫣Ӧÿ־ǰ㡣

k˵ʱڰֹӣ˸ǳ硣
Ǽ³ͺȥǿգġȪۡǰһԨͣ¾ն̨
̹˹Ůʣԯ塢򡼸λڴˡ
ŮʣŸս֮ȵ֫;綾֮Ѫ뵽
ħ񱴶̹˹ڸż³еĻУһµϲ
ۿڰҪħͷɫһҪҪȻط
kںǿ
ͷӹĺڰУᵽ˵kϢȵkҵУҾû취Ըkkһû
ƽδսӡ
ˣҲڰ͸ڲؿޱߵĺڰ
ȷʵ
ִն̨ǸԨͨȻ֪Դ˵Щʲô
ʦ㲻ܱƬڰ͸Ҫȥĵطܱܷͷ
Ԩն̨Ҫ̹˹һȥ֮ǰҪǿѪ㣬ҲҪõk
룬ĬrЩͨߣҪԶk
˵
ԶڷĬrı˵ǱڲͬⱻkӰ졣
k֮Դͷ̹˹·Ϊߣᴦkơ
ؼʱ򣬵kֶͨΣǿжᱴ̹˹Ĭr
Ҷ
ģ̹˹һī֮³͵ʬº󣬺ˬضˡ

Դ磬
򶴴ݻ٣ڴ˷Ĵ½ڲĺ졣
аʥĿӶѤõڸǣнԴʧĵkͷĺڰ龡
kʶkļ֮׷Ľתơ
ಣಣ
һӰӻͱ𴦵ԴǺӣԡǺӶɿڡʥħ½ȥ
壬ħԨȺk



ڶǧٰʮ 
Դ磬
һǺ磬Ⱥǹ֮λöŮء
ŮٱԴӭ䡣
壬ħԨ壬ɨԴǺӣĸ߽Ůսʿⳡмȫս
ʱĻǳͷŵĹˣеŮȴ̻̲ա

һ޴αų貵⣬ȻκεǳҪǺƮʱҴŮĿ⡣
Ůαʱ׹ߣѪ
αڻĿĵƮţòдŮˣڲ²ʲô
죬һǺӹŽڻ
ħȺ״ģǺӹŽ죬Ϊħ峤״ģҲΪʮħ
Ϊ𡱵ǺӹŽڻŮȺٱŮ屻Ԩǿ¾һ󣬡𡱼״ĵ˽Ʒ
ˣǣ
һλͬΪħĸߴսʿָƮڻǺԵüΪĿαȵǴ˾˵Ǹ
Զľ룬ϵһħħҪѵĸо
ؼ䣬ܹħȺ࣬һ֣µĿẮһ֡
ǵġ
Ů״ģȵ˵ͷæطͨ˾¡
ԶعƮҲùȥδ
״ĺܿõ˴˾µĻӦҡϣܼħսʿ˵´ˣĺԶԨʥػߣʥħ½ȥǣǰòŴʥħ½뿪ͱȥˡ
櫺ǱšѪִ̳ʥħ½ʱɢеħ
ɢЩħɢܱߵĸ򣬻ֻһ
״ǰ򣬱ǸЩħǲҪĴ


޴αڲżԴѪʥħ½ƮŵִӻԴıǺӻε
޶ʼƶУٿضκˡ
֪ԴѪֵkԴ絮һλڷѵĲֺ󣬶Եkɷѿ͵Դûôˡ
kԴ磬Ҳٿء
״̬ĵkͼУȥһ硣
kƺҲ֪ԨԴ꣬Ŀǰk
ҵչޣģ
kһδεѯʼ
𰸣ֻŵkԴǺƮʱܸkһ𰸡

ʥħ½
ⲿİǺУ½½أʼӿִĸǿߡ
庫Զ氲䣬̷ɽ巣Щ޵Ԫ񾳽ߣֳ
½ڲħ̫顢졢Ҳйעⲿ״ĬĬ׼š
Ӧòڴˡ
ǱµġѪ̳Ưħɽ֮ϣȻħһˣ
Ȼ
Ļ䣬ħȺĴ˾£λ½Ĵħ񣬴һǿպХ
У
Ǳȡ
һλݵˣӿֿ񱩶ҵšԨ춴һȺ̬Ԩа񣬱ڻ춴ĿС
ݵˣаʥǰػߣԨ֮Ĺ
аʥûһа񣬱kԺȥ
λʥػߣǱkһǿѪ֮ΪԨ죬ͳЩɵģԴ絮а
Զ˾£ʥػߣֱ塢ħаǡ
ǹԺɢʥħ½ⲿǺӵĸڲؼֲħɽ
£±λħ񣬼ʮżħ񣬷ʥħ½Զ
Ȼʥħ½ħʥأеκһλʥħ½ħɽϣȥߵħ񱴶̹˹
˿̲ҿΪ֪ħɽ̲صĿֲɱǡ
壬а񣬿ԽУֻȺ򡣡
¶ԺԶλϢ񱩵ػ˵
̬ػߣֶڡԨ춴ǰֲġԨ춴ûתûû˷Ǻӵܡ
޷
˵ͷɫͫе⣬͸˺ħƣеˣľȻ롣
̬ԵúĮλݵ䣬û˿Ҫ׽˼
ţȹȥ̸һ̸Զ΢ЦͷĲһ˷ǰǷҪһȷѪꡣ
氲䣬巣ЩߣɫϾ򲻵ѣ治ȥҶ壬ǵkĺᣬûҪƴƴ
仰ԶƮȻʥħ½ȥ
ͬΪ塭
Щߣ׽˼졣

ħƣԶŹֿһ·
Ϊ䣬ΪԴ׵ĺԶ󣬺ЩϤٴλ档
ʵħɽǰͣ£΢Цû뵽ټ
ħɽϷڵ̫飬磬죬޲ף͹ǿվޡ
ĵ˿İȣǱĴħĳȪǿߡ
Уڡ˪֮Ϸһλɡ
ǰںԭȻСֵɣ̴Ц졣
ʦ㣡
ħԶĵɢˮ֮ʥħ½⣬Ȼ֣ϲɫ
˪£жһ˿⣬СҲˡ
Զʦ㡣ͷڨڨЦЦ·ֻصǰҪż˪ʱ⣬Һò޳Ԫʦֳ𡣰Խˡ
˪ҡͷû˵ʲô
㿴Ǳ氲巣̷ɽ
Զָ̧ǿԴǿе˵ұͬǰǲսʦֵܣûҪҪɣ
Ҫʲôˡ̫Į



ڶǧٰʮ ׳
Ľ磬޾ĺڰ
kͫиŨӿһϮµļۣУԨȻһЦ
k̬Ļ壬ҲڼʱƮȻ뼫۵
kӰͼ۽ϵǣֻͫУƯŵĻ꣬ħͷƺͻȻ͵kγɹ
꣡
綼ڷ죬ڰֵգĳֺĵ򣬱kǿŤ۸ġ
ĺڰ磬kϢ޴ڣkδ̤ͫ·ޱӴ
СԴ޾ֵѪϣ·ƬϺĿڱǣۼ׷϶
Ѫ⣬СԴ޲԰ġ
Ҳˡ
k
޾ĺڰУֻеkĻܣźڰ޵ɢ
ȻӺڰӿֿ񱩶ҵԨܣԸٶ˻

˷أ·زסk͹粣ôײ
Ը⣬ǲԸ⣬ҶҪҵ뷨ж
kļ֮նʱǰ㣬ͻȻ޵׳ԵޱȵΰΡ롣
߲͸ҫʺ⡣
һʴ߲ʺϼڵk֣ڶշ϶
϶һˣŵЩطԨͻȻϤС
ȻԴĻ
kԼ֮ѳշ϶ԴĻӣ
ʱ֮Ҳ޷׳٣
ռأҲûô⡣
kֹһ϶ڴ֮ɫһѡ񼫻۵ķռܣΪˡ˿̣
գkһָֻ֣һڰ֮ء

һصġԨ춴ʹγɣ
ŵkֻ֣ϵָָ֮µġԨ춴
kصĺڰ磬ʯɽ㣬ƾմһԨ춴Ԩ
ԨеġԨ춴һγˣͻûһеǡʣ
򣬻Ϊ޿ݼ֮أʧɪ˹ŪԨ춴
˶ġԨ춴ںڰ֣Ľ¶Ҫ
ѪĲʳ£ҴĻĽﻹл·
Ľĸ򣬺ǺĵرʯѵҪ㣬ЩԨ춴û
ĽΪʲôҪתƵδ
ԨҪٵĽ磿

kЦҡͷkܵԨ춴֣һҲûͣ¡
ܿ죬ڰûأһʮԨ춴ֳ
ԨĿ¶죬ٴѯʱ

ʮԨ춴ڲռһ䣬һļ֮ܽ
kɵġԨ춴ͻȻĪ
Ԩ㿴ʮԨ춴ڲԳһ΢СС
ʮУ
㡭
һԨǰһĻ壬֪˵ʲôˡ
ͬʱ
Դ磬ǿͨ˴Ŀҫǣų˶ݵ߲ϼ⣬ڿҫǵİռͻȻͱ˳
鼰ݺ̩ǣ߷򣬺͹Ļ·ȫ˺Ȼġ
ҫӯŲƣʮϷԿռǸƬǡ
̩ǣݣܱ߸ǳ壬ħԨȺǣؿǸ
ǶţʮġȪۡһһʧ
ʱдڻȪۣһʧȥӰ

µĺڰʮԨ춴ڲֳһȪۡ
ִܵģʮġȪۡkġԨ춴Ȧš
kԼ۵Եkƿkֵ֮٣
ȪۣkԴĻĪֶתƵǰ
ңÿһܹͨȪۣһԨ춴š
ĳλĻoڻõЩȪۣǰ籡ǿ˻档
ǰãеȪͻȻתʼɻ֮Īͣ¡
ʮصȪۣȻðɪ˹еkʶǰһˡ
ôǿǣȻҲ
kȻŵkĴ㡣
֮ȣ֮³֮ͣȣЩoҶԲûжôǿ󡣡
ңǿս
Ҵսͨ׳ǿ
kȻһЦ˵
Դ磬ѡ¼԰ŷңΪΨһ顣ȻԴ粻ʺΪսʵԨֲһ˿ͬʺⳡս
ȥҲ;ûĽȽϺʣֻҪǹǾڻĽɱǡ
Ǿȥǵɱǣ
kk뷨
Ԩ˼Ƭ̣ƺһѡ񡣡
ʮͨȪۣǰڻԨҲں
ȷʵǹ׼ʮoʲôʱͻȻ١
ڣԴ˼۵ԵkԻƿأ͸ȻʮȪ۴ӻŲƵ
ңÿһȪ۵㣬ŶڵkġԨ춴
һԴǱٲõoͳǿǣƺƵɱԴ硣
ڻԴ̫ںˣ˾粻㣬ս͡
ɱoҲƵңҪ֡
küͷ΢壬ε˵ʮ磬ڶoҲ໥ɱ硭һ㡣֮֮ԷӦѾ֪ˣǼڶʱŽ
ҹȥ̽·һĨʶһУ֪Ǳߵ״
ɪ˹ݣӳ೾̴ЦȺ룬Ƕǵָơ
ΪɱoΪ˱Ҳڶʱ֣ľǽսתƣܱԴС߲ܲ
ͣһkһٵñȽ϶׵Ļ˵Ϊǲƨɡɱ˻֮֮սĽ̼ӿˣҲʹǵŽᡣ



ڶǧٰʮ Ӣ¸
һա
֮ȣǾӴ廯ΪѪˮ󣬱˾£ա
ϼ⣬ڳ˱󻺻չȸ͸ѤҫĿС
綾
ͷ۵֮ͣڲɫ绪
ͣ
֮³͵ʬħͷ뿪ҲС
˶ͷ­Ŀֱ۵Ļ֮񣬱˺նɱԺ󣬽յĸʴ͸
³͵ʬҲѪˮͬջ
Լ³o֮ͨ³͵Ѫȡλ֮յ
ڿ쭣ͨսķᡣ

Ũī֭ĺڰԶڽ˷Ҳ֡
ڰϮԺ󣬻֮׾Ϩ³ͶȼĻĺڰѸͬ
̺綾ɫƣᶾ֮꣬򱻳һһɡ
Ʈɢ̫ԶĶصĺڰûҲڰû
ͬĽĺڰ˻⣬ӿ񱩶ҵԨƺ׵ս
ڰǹ򡣬壬ԯλҲϽס飬ԷkȾ͸
ԯڣ⼸λħͷ̹˹ȫͬ귽ڰһֹǾʲôҲ֪ˡ
ĺôǣҲףܹλȾ

һֻɫľ޴ͻȻڣɫ
Ҿ쵽Ȫۡл𣬻ͨȪۣ
Ծݡ
Զĺڰ׼ȷ֪Ȫ۵Ĵڡ
µȪͻȻѵo֣
򡣬ԯ仰һ
ǻΪʮo³͡ȵϾҪ磬Ϊλo
ڴǹȥɡ
ն̨ϵԨ⼸λһһɡ
ûжն̨մն̨ǿѪķλȥ
;Уߡ𡱵ûն̨
λԽǽӽؽԽλǿ
Ϊ˱ⱻλٴζᣬն̨


Ԩĺǳ£һռ϶ûиұ¶
㲻Ҫ뿪Ҫѷ죬Ҳһû
Ԩӻ֡
ĸף᲻£ҫѷڣСǵǣҸ֪ˣǲǳˣ
İ׻ɫ¹Զ
ðͷ
Ǳֹڷ뿪
ĸף᲻£
һظѯʡ
ʵԨֵһսϡ
Ԩûǵࡣ
ֵɣ
ͷɫĿռ϶ڻϡ
һڵŵһĶֵɣǵԨԴ꣬Ҳһ
ȻЩǣΪֵ˺š
Ƭ̺һѷϣ˷ǺӵȫǱ
컯֮ۡ
Ĭr뵽ɽڲ̫ʼд֮ĸ¶⣬ӴĽľɳɳ
쳣Ŀռ𵴡
ֵ֮Ĵ֮ĸüͨȪһͻȻڻĽðˡ
ޱߵĺڰԨ춴ֵЩȪۣȻûжkĸӦ
kһֱŴݻкӵȪۡ
ڳŪȪۡ󣬵kεر̬ϣԨͳ˻ٵ
kԨڣʮ绥ͨȪۣͨͨݻٸɾ
kԴӵ֪֮ȣͨһλԴ飬ڤ񣬵kͶһ˵oɵѡ
oͨƵķʽͨһԴ
kԴ飬k»иǿڣȪۿkԵk
Ԩλ䶷תƵľڻģʮȪۣȫŲƵ˻Ľ硣
Ԩȷ𰸡
֮ĸػ컯ۣ֮kӲˡ
kkʲô
֮ĸૣϱ
һʮͨͻȻڻĽ֣kʲô
̫ʼھ֮Ѹٵ侲kѵҪĽ磬ΪͶԷɱսk
̫ʼüϸͻȻһ𣬵kǲѾˣ
Ԩ˵ͷ
ѻǴͨ֪Դʲôˡ
ҲҪȥ
̫ʼǵϣԴ֮ĸ˵Щ飬Ƕ㲻ġ
֮ĸھ޴ľС
Էһλռ֮ƵȪ֪ۡԴ磬ĽĴڣһֱ֪
̫ʼһɫϾؿ֮ĸ˵ǻٵЩȪۣǾԶġֻҪ׼ˣʱˣǾһ
˼·Ȱ˵£Ϊ߼ԴĴ֮ĸ
ΪkԴ飬ΪȰoԴõkһ˵ԴС
Ż־塣
֮³֮ͣȣѱָնɱ
վڴصԨ̫ʼһ㵭΢ЦЩoȻǿ³ͺȵġɱ³ͣȵģҲֻ߱ǳˣ򡣬б̹˹ǡ
˻һˣ˿Ҳûǿôף
ţֻϣܶһ㡣Ԩ͡
ҲҪȥ۽ΡȻkЩֱͨŲƵ˻Ľ磬ɲˡ̫ʼȰ˵֮ĸ
䣡
ͻȻһ
֮ǴӵصɳһλͤͤŮĹ֮Դ飬а˶Խ׵Ĺչ
kǳôĶĿеǳ͹Դk޹⡣
һĵkԻ֮ǳ֣ԨһЦҲɹΪˡ
ƻѾˡ
ԨָԼüģЦԨԴѪؼУȫ͸ھŲĻ̨֮棬ҲѹģȥǺڰ֮أԸǰУ
кβң
k΢ͦСɳ¶ǰǻkգ۾ʱеâ˲ֱӡ
ʱ˵ˣ
֮ĸ̲סʵ
ǰǽͷݣô£ֻΪ̫ˡ
Ů̬ĵkȭջһ£˵ڵӴΪ㹻ǿԨû˺ݺλԴ꣬ҲûǸͬ࣬һҪ
˵ˣԸԨǸһԨ𣿡
ҹȥֻҪƬڰòںڰҵ޵УҺˡ
kԣkǷkɼΡ
Ԩİ£ʵԨǰأΪһ¯󣬵kڶԴеĵȽսԨԴꡣ
ٴԺڰԴ飬kоԵģܹɵػʤ
kԨܹԡ̳ĵʮ㣬ѹסھŲ㣬ܱѲλԼʱk͸ҷһս
컯ڲвλ𣬿Աkչ
kҲ֪kھжǿ
Ȼ㶼ˣʲôµģ
֮ĸһȥȥ컯壬֪ԨϢȥⳡʢᣡ



ڶǧٰʮ 
Ũĺڰ
kָԨͬʱӯſ񱩺ͻҵĺڰЮţͻȻڶġԨ춴ȥ
ʮɺڰܣڵkƿ£ŲͬġԨ춴
ҽеo
kȻ֡
ʮɺڰԨܹܵߵǻȺұ壬ޱɱ¾Ŀ
ڰеһŤ꣬ɱ
һֱѪϵСԴޣҲֵͬأŤͷһɹɵĺڰܣܵеĿֲ
ԲֻʵŤذѪ֮ǶУԶƬĺڰ򣬲Ը֮֡
ʶо䷢뱻
еʶһûܻһֱǱߵ״
k̸Ȼ˵ҪлǡǴǻ֮յʱӴŪһ֮񡣡
λoǵϣս̼ӿͬʱҲoꡣ
ħͷ̹˹ͨ³͵꣬ѹλʱkҲûϤ֮
ϣλoսˡ֪ͨ꣬ĻǴġ
kȻסӦһ¡
ҵˡ
kȻԨ춴򡣡
ʮЩԨ춴Ȫ۽ĺڰʮĹͣ¡
ɣ̵سš춴ȥĺڰڰȻӾ硣
ͷڳĺڰŵkĻܣ񱩶ҵϢֱ춴ȥȪۺǿ
kkеȪ۽͸и֪ͬϢ
ͨȪۣkܿȷˣ֢֮ҩؽĺڰУkѡ硣
Ԩһ˵صĶڣͻȻӿĺڰ
޾ĺڰûⷽ㣬ûŹ
ŷ³ͺȵ飬ۼһƬڰӣԴһһûȻ־
źڰӵģеk˿񱩻ҵĻܣֻҪڰʱʧء
³ˣ֮Ҳˣͳ磬ûo
kƽزƻ
ҹȥĺڰܣӣЩǻ飬һڰûͻᱻҵӰ졣
ǻ˴ɱǵǺʶᱻŤǽ׷ս
սߣ꽫ںڰУǿͷŵ
Ūһߣⳡ߻򱬷k˵֣ЧԺ󣬾ͻеȪ͸ҵ
oԴͷϽ⣬Ҫҹȥģĺڰ
kһУڱЩoս
kѡأkĬĬصȺţkҪɱo
ȪۣҲԱһ˵oݻ١
Ԩü֪ӳ೾ȥoͨռ֮һܽһ˵ͨ顣
ͨȫˣֹڰܵ͸ȻҲܽǸΣ
ҵȻסȻǸиڼۣӳ೾Ŀռ֮ȻЩȪۣ
kȻһЦ˵ζʧܣ˵ǿ־ǡ
ڻȪۣڻĽȺֵȪۣ̫һȪߣķѵһȫݻٵҪѡ
ʮ磬ڶoӦҲġ
ڴʱ
Ԩ𡱵ûն̨ڣԦȻִ˵ء
ˣ򡣬壬ԯ˿̶ն̨Ϸ
ЩˣǰһĻ׷𺳡
ΪʮһǣҲܵ˺ڰӰ죬ǻܹƼʮ޴ġԨ춴С춴ڼΪĿȪۣ
ʮ޴ġԨ춴ڶἫ۵ĵk󣬶ΰΡĵkһֻͫ
أ󣬹ϵϢӵkߵĻǸеѹֳơ
ͷޣ
Ȼһע⵽ǶеСԴޣŶ࿴˼ۣͷʮһĻƽȻһֲеĸо
ڽԺĿеĵˣֻоͨҽߡ
ԭҲû̫¡
ͷ̵ػţΨ־ʲô˵СԴޣȴ򡱾ܵظе
ͻȻ֪ͷޱȻϺڣʳԬСޡ
׳ۣ
סľһͻȵ
һڵħܣȪעڶࡰ춴д󲿷֡Ȫʱֹͣ
ɡȪԽԽֱл𣬾綾ϢȪۣ뵽硣
˲֪kڶ֣
λΪ𲻾ãҲ˱̹˹򡣬նɱoľ񣬶ԵkٶȻ𾴡
λһ֪kʲô̬ͬ
ɵk֣ȴˡ
֮³֮ͣȵ䣬ôҶoôĿ־徴ηΪoսʤ
ǣһ˵ʮ磬ܴʮo
һ뵽Ҿ;ûǲȻûҪҪ׼ŭoǡ
ɵkƫƫôȥˡ
ȻĮȻ
ૡ
ΨһһͺûκιϵڿἫ۵ĵk˲䣬еĺͱòֹ
ͲˣԨа׷ɱͰˣԴĸǺһ¾
´ߣǰἫ۵λ
廹аʥڱаĽţʳѪԨĴȣаʥˡ
Ȼʼٸߣ˿̾ǰȻŭҳޡ
ȻֻԸһ£ڰڵkĹϢֽ侲
ڹ۲kʱ֮ͫϵĵkȴȻĬˡ
նִ̨ˣʱkϵЦ˲
㿴ԴǱߡ
kԨȴٿڽkͷһԨ֪kʶ
ڵkǾΰӰ£޴ͫУ򸡳Ļ꣬ħͷ飬ͻȻ׷û
һĻӳմ˿ʥħ½Ӱ񣬺Ȼس֡



ڶǧپʮ ԥ
Դ硣
ħһа񣬺ͺݵǿӿʥħ½ܱߡ
ЩǿڣԨƺõķ磬ټһǺ֣һֻӬûеõǵҲʥħ½
죬һҽްǺӹŽԳʥħ½
ɱζʥħ½ÿһ깡
˿̣ʵħɽϷ̫飬Ǳе˿ͰһԨϤ
½ⲿǺӣ氲˾£ҲȻС
һĻӰԨԯˣɫ΢䡣
kԼΰֻ޴ͫҫ߲ĹȻȻռ춯
ڿռϣkѳԽ˵ļۡ
ֽԴ磬ԨĽ磬kͨռߣӳ೾Ҳk
kԶԴľƿأԽµֻͫkֵĺڰأᴩ硣
еڶȪۣܹkŲˣԴκ״Ҳܱk۵ס
Ǻ⣿
Ԩɫһ䡣
ʥħ½ħɽ̲˵kĿֻħЧ
аЩߣᱻĳ
˿̺ݵǿħаǿۣԶҲʥħ½ȻΪk⡣
kһ磬ȾһúԶǰʥħ½Ԩ֪kʲô뷨
ҵ뷨ܼ򵥡
kûпڽڳˣ޾ĺڰж֪k˼ʶ
úԶǷ룬ǰս
kԨǾΡʵʣƺ˿ռ䳱ϫ
ڱo٣ԴͻĽеǿС
֮䣬֮䣬ǵսӦýo¾֮
kkš
ͬ⣡
ʮһĻƽԶͷ׳ٺٹЦЩoҴǵ磬͸úݺݵϳǣ
촽Ŀ֮ɫȵҾãӦȺ⣡
޵֮ͷҲʾͬ
oʮⲿ磬ǡ
ԯվն̨ϷԨ֮ɱoȷӦõġ
һͫϷġۡҲףʶң֮ս
컯δִڴˣλԨ˵Դ飬ṳ̂С
ԯˣˣֵkʮʱøɱС
ǵԨһ˼ȴûڡ
Ŀ⣬ʼͫڣһϤס
氲䣬Щ˵ںʱսǰ½ߵ̷ɽ巣һȹϵ޼䡣
ЩԪߣ̫飬Ǳս˫Ȼ˲ء
սһԴԪoǹһ˸߲ҡ
Ҳԥ

ʥħ½
飬žġ
ΪĺԶĵ̫飬˽ͣһߵĻĽ磬оѾڷˡ
̫˶ʱ侲ɻĴ滳ɣɹƶ˵ĺԶ
Ҿ֪ǲţûڱ˰
Զ̾һεضһȫµġƵ족ԡˮ¡ͨҫǱߵĺڰ硣
ֹĽ죬һ⻬ֳk۵ΰΡ
ҲֳˣδڰûǿӴѪ⣬ѪŵһͷֲޣԨ񣬻ն̨Ϸĵˡ
Ԩ
ǿ飬ڴصĿֲѪ⣡
򡣬嶼ڣ
ǵİ峤
ʥħ½ǿǣϵĻϸͻȻߺȡ
Ԩˣֻͫʥħ½ʱ
ʥħ½ڲⲿգͨԶġƵ족Ҳ֪ڻĽǱߣ˿ڷʲô
ˣʮ޴ġԨ춴һȪۣͨȪۣkעźڰܡ
ںԶĽ£֪Щڰܣᵼӭһѡ
һսսǷڰش
kҪԴͻĽִǿߣ뵽ⳡoսսġ
ǰΣ̤룬ӦҪ
̬һһӨ׵ͫųâ
̫飺kԨⳡսȷһŵġ
Ǳжڡ˪֮ļ˪ҲƵ족ֵĳ𾪡
oڶ࣬ʵǿѵҪؼ໥ɱ
ǵkǿзսǵkˣŵoӦԡ
ɶѾˣΣ
ǣʥħ½Դǿȫ
һģڵȺŻĽľ䣬뿴һ˵oǷk˵̤˽硣

ĺڰܣſ񱩺ͻϢͨȪ۹עҶڵȺ
˶ãЩoһ̾ͻĳȪۡ
һֱܼ尾ĸо
Ҳ֪˶ãؿһûбעȪֳۣһööš
˳һϾ֪һͨڤȪۡ
ĽǸɵġȪۡʧˣڻĹϡȪܹۡڤлͨ
֮񣬿ȡ
㶣ü˵Ϊʲô㣿һٵģӦǱļһ𣿡
ϢɢݣȪ۵춯Ҳڰü
һ˵oӴôһøеľǿȡ
̹˹ֵɣа塢͵kصȾԨͿ˽ףλ֮Ĩ
˫һĽ顣
ôû뵽һ̤˽ģ֮ȡ
䣡
ͻȻһӴʵڵãǡȪۡڷ˳
ƴĵkȪ춯ʱתԨ춴׼һ̤ļһɱ
kתġԨ춴ȷľȻаʥæס
аʥ
ʥ
ĽԴߣڶע䷢ߣ׷׼



ڶǧپʮһ ʥo
ΰ׳аʥĿע£͸Ȫۡ
ٿһ֣ʹ˷ڰΪһ塣
ڰ񱩶ҵԨľܣȥ
ȾĺڰܣΪĳ֣ȻԵͣڰٶȱ
ںܾúܾǰʵԨϷĺڰĴ½аĤݡ
Ԩı־Դ£Ԩ֮ʱڵԨ졣
Ԩͳаǵǿ
һؽغǣ֧ŵõĴ߳Ԩһа񣬰а
ǰӯԨڰޱߵ磬Ȼǲİ
Ӱڰ磬ѹ
Զʥħ½ػߣšƵ족ֵһĻӰʥػߵĺ桱죬ſˮ
Ѫʶشսʥħ½Ҫ롰Ƶ족һ㡣
⡭
ıͣдʣû֪˵Щʲô
޴֮ͫϵĵkаʥݳɫҲһĻ㱡
ӿŵġԨ춴ܵkȫƿأֵ˲䣬ӭͷʹ
ɴ˿̴ݳoİǿߣǵkаʥ
ԵkԼаʥkȻڲ״ǰԡԨ춴ǿл֮
ǣšȪۡǸԨ춴ͣ£еkoҲаʥĳֶݻ
kԨһҲаʥȥ֪ʥİϢ
ɽʥռǧĶ;ڴ˷ڰǺӡ
˵ׯ£͸һޱߵϢڲɺڰе缢ħ֣Ѫʳ
ΰΡ֮վֻͫϷĵkɫ
ΪʥͷkûӦڵkǵʶ
kаʥʥΪħ̤ڤжǳʧˡ
ԨǾߡع飬ûеkһʶkаʥҲûеkʶ
֮񣬿ȡ
kûп˵k޿ײĻʶڰеܣ˲ӿk͵ʥ
Ƭ޴ڰ֮ʥමȻɣٽʥʱǧĺߡ

ڵkµľ޴ͫڰԴӰȻ֣ΪȻŮԡ
ࡣ
ڰԴһ
kߣаʥʱܱΪk׵ĺڰͼʥڵokĸڰؾ
Դ꣬ȻkҲӴ½ټ
ಣಣ
ͻȻ֮ĻҰţʥǽڸ֣Ⱥҫ
Żʥ͸kԨϤ򸲸ǣӡڿȵ
ǣ
ֺ޴ʥִĹͷλ죬˵Ƥӵ£ʼ˵䡣
֮ȣǿаռĿֲħ֣ŻҰĵ磬̵ŵ͡
ܿ죬Ρɽʥͻһͬ޴ĻҰ׺Ǿˡ
Ǿأͨ鲼Ұĵ磬ûۿ͸޺š
κĿնۿ·ܿһŵ磬续չ
ȶŵ磬ƺնۿ
鲼֮ģܼȺεͨɢµ⡣
壬ԯʮһ𣬶ɱ䣬оڵѪѹƣѪҺʶ˳
ۣۣ
ڰԴΪڰ֮ٻڶߵķ򣬱ĻҰĵ
ǿնŵۿӴ֫ƶͫڵĺڰԴ顣
ڰԴΪ֮Ĭûٴʴʡ
λ֮ڰԴոռʶˣܵ˲ͬڵk߷
kûռ˿ıˡ
ҼʥҲǿаռ
ԴǾΰĸȲĺǾ˷ȥڰķ򣬺͵kͻȻ˹

һ֮·k֣һؼΪĽɫ½أkƾγɣ籩ɣһէ֡
ֻͫԴĴأkںڰе
kɫ½أ֮ǰشǰ㣬ңңŨҵĻҰ׺ǡ
Ť꣬ѽǺӵĿֲʱ˺ǵ⡣
̲ĻҰĵ磬kĽӽϨ
kǿڰԴ̫࣬kֻչλ֮ܵ˳ѹ

Ǿ޴󺡹ǣһ˫նۿȻֳһ
ڲͬصĴͺͺĲһƬҶЩһںۿ¶֮Ȼǣ
ⷺĵⲨͨǾ˵ۿɢݣס˵k޿ײȾúǾûбkٴǿռ
Ǿ˵а߲ţӿɭȻ档
˸߸߾ֱۣһɭɭĹУѻһ㣬͵ؿ˻ӽĵk
꣡
ڰ񷱻ѣµĺڰֳһǹӲӵѷ죡
k˽ڶ෨򣬾𺡹ˣһذɭɭı۹նĶѣõkڰһǵĶѡ
kγɵĽɫ½k籩ЩʯҲǾһնѡ
kڰ;סԾȵؿźڰеѷ죬ܿȵ
ʥص㾹ȻϤˡ
kɫ΢䣬ЩŭŤͷǿѪϷԨ䣬Ψ֪аʥĹʽʶᱻаû޷ͨһ֪ʥеܡ
㣡
kƶޱȣ֪֮ȣԨ˽аʥİء
kĵڶʶ֮ʧܹƿаʥΪԨİ
ܹ֮Ƭk׵ĺڰ磬kһƣȫΪȣͨʥϤk
ҲϤˣkںڰ繹ķ棬ԵӦԡ
֮ȻͨǾ˻ΪԨİ



ڶǧپʮ Ϊ򱨳
ԵkʣԨĬԶԡ
Ϊkȷʵû˵
֮Ƚףÿ޳kħͷֵɣ򡡢塢ϵĻ֮ȾȷԨѡ
ʱԨҪȷ̹˹˰ȻᱻkǿŤʶ֮ǰΪkе
ףΪ˱ȫ̹˹ǣԨʲô
ԨĴҲȶԸkƽڲĵkٴЩo
ǵkͻȻǿмӿ̣ƵԨ͵kš
ҪǵڽʱĻܸȾҲˡԨ̹Ȼ˵
ȻoΪ飡
kŭˡ

ʱǾӴĻҰ׺ǣתŲһ˫ޡŵۿˡŮʡ
ûػҰ׻棬ͻȻȼ
Ұ׻һǶԯ𣬶پؿڼƣʶ궼С
Ҫ
Ԩѣն̨֮һǶȣǾ˵תԱ𱻿Ȱռĺǡ
޿նۿȼŻҰ׻棬ֱŮʡ
ŮУֳͷ۵ͼа֡
һ̶һֻɫ񣬺Ȼӳͷɳ
ֻ˲ŮʵУܱ֮ܵǺӰ죬ȻǺǾˡ
ɫںǾˣͷ
·ھ˵ͷ
Ĵų򣬽ܱߵĺڰţһѷλãѷԽԽ
ԴעڰӶγɵĶŵأʹһȱڡ
Ůֻ񣬸ûзأֱӾͱƿء

ųʱͺڰԴķͣѪע
;ֹȴԵ쳣ܣȻ֪Լش֪ڷϺڰʱҲڱԴʹ
ȣֻƣԺ⡣
ֻѹեڵֻ䣬ȡ϶˺ѵĸΪ
³ͣ³͡
ӵͻȻڳ˱Ժ𣬸Ļʶ񾭡
ѪͻǵնɱУ֮³ͣƺҲʳĻ߬
ʶģоڱ֮ȣ֮³Χˡ
Щġ³͡شһ㣬һδκʶߡ
ڣ
ڳڵĻڳ׵ʧأɫͻҰɫ棬û
ڻڳʹؼУͫĴ䡣
棡
򡣬һ˱ȼæʾԯ֡
һġЩȫû¶ȣֻл
̬𱬵ԯתյУԻǻͼԵ֮ڣ̫Ĺâ
ѣĿĻ磬棬ջ𣬻ųˣӲǲЩ档
û취
ԯ̾ϢһűɫҰɫûʹĲŮʣ廹ϵˣȵǴֱӷҺѰﵽ
ôң
ͻȻ֮ȵ쳹޾ĺڰ硣
˶ʶأռҰ׺Ǿˣž˿նۿڣЩԾĻҰ硣
Ұ磬֮㣬ճһģŮӰ
֮ȣ˿̷ΪŭŭĶԨ򡣬ǰ˶Լ³ֵˣ
³ҵɷ򡣡
һ𣬶ʱɵˡ
;ͣ£ָԨһĵkҲΪȵ仰Ȼ
ܹ沢ַԳ˵˵ִoȻǲͬĳˣ
³ͣôǿȵɷ
ֻǺѡ˲ͬķȻѣȻþûһˡ
ӵ˻ɱʼտԼ֣ҶûȥɱûȥĻôҵģ
ǣôɱҿȵɷ򣿡
֮ĿֲϢͨӴĺǾˣںڰзɢ
һȦۿɼģҰɫĹⲨ̲µ⣬˲佫ԲǺӸǡ
Ⲩ֮ŨܱΪϸ䡣
ͣͣ
޾ĺڰУk磬ͻȻǧٿס
âЩ͸Ŀ׶ҫkͺڰԴչķ򣬱ȵѸٸʴ
ݣݣݣ
ӳȼŵıУɳھ飬Ұ׺Ǿ˵Ŀնۿ뵽ǻҰγɵСˡ
ڰڣڼ³͵Ļ仯֡
λ̾ڤoͳԽ˻֮³ͣž飬Ӧǰ򣬽³ͺɱԺӶȫ
ȥ֮Ƚþ޴Ϊǿo֮һ
ĺѿռ֮񣬲ֹһεȰ˵Լ³֣ԥ
ٳû¶ģûнĻ֮񣬷յĽ磬ļһﲼֲк
ȻҪѪгˣ
㣡㣡㣡
Ǿˣ˫ȼ棬ֳģӰĿնͫ̿˰壬򡡣
ȵŭХ˺ľ޴ѷУڶҰ׿׶ڴ̶
λʮһ𣬺Ȼһ֪ͷ
һ̣ͰѪ֮Ϣӿ

һööţӲӵԺ֣ûججһҪ̤֮·ҪԲж
Ͱ壬ѪŨڱҲҪѵĿ
λ˲䱻Ⱦɼ
򡺧Ȼе㾹ȻڣӡǣģûЭ飬ڰе



ڶǧپʮ ɽѹ
ŭ򡣬ȻսȷǷ
໺
ǰһֺ̻󺺵򡣬һֳɫɽһӴ
Ŀ򡣬һƬƬۻ죬ӲǾɫ硣
Ժ֮ȣڶţչһս
ĽɫıǿףͷһԽɫǣʱʧ
ıɼһ
Լס˿ȵȾԲ
ͷǶУ·ԨԴޣͫҫɫ
ʮһĻƽСԴҲе棬ûܵģܹûѪ⡣
࣬СԴް
һ
ӴѪϷԨǾ֮һ
ಣ
ն̨Ű壬ԯ˲ǰ
һƬϼԨµѪͷţն̨Ϸˣһڸ
ȼеĳˣʧص򺡹Ǿ˶ȥն̨֮ϡ
ƾԼס˿ȵϮն̨Ҳû
ۣ
ЩԾڰڵģŨ֮ϼ޵ǿĨʱܵɡ
ˣص׼
֮ȣǰ˵kڳ򡡢ͻʱµȾ
ͬʱҲкۼ˼ڡ
ԿûģҲڽĳһ̣Щӡǣ򡡢塢̹˹ֵס뷨
ĨԴ˵ģԨ׶ɱ
ԨǾ߱ʶʮġֳ̳ʺ࣬ԨԴѪʱʵԨݼţ˻ĽӴѪ⣬ͷ·Ԩ֫һ֡
ԨǿУͿȻˡ
ǿ󣬾֮ܿȣ֮Ȼ

һ޴ɺȦԨԺγɣֳɫ
ϢͨһʹȦͷţеѪƺ⣬Ҳȵ֮
֣֮
Ȧһ֣ԨŮʣȦƮŶȥ
˵ı˿ȼĻҰ׺ͺɫ棬Ԩ֮֡ٽ澹һһϨ
ʧڿµĳˣʱһǡ
ҲʱҪͶ뵽Ǿ˵ĻҪһݣȸ
亹֪ûԨļʱȣ׶༪١
С
ԨţĿںǾͷ
ںǾͷģԳɫ񣬱֮֡Ĺâҫ˲ָǡ
ڣΪԵĵ磬ڡ֮֡ĹѸڡ
أأ
񷢳类綾Ⱦ鸯á
ѪҺอΪһ壬һܸߵȼȾͱ綾Ϯûʲô
֮֡ҫԣָʱҲشֻ
൱Ԩ޲أȥͿȣλ֮ΪĵĴڣͬʱϴӡ
˵֮Ⱦ޷ת𣬾綾
˰ѹ֮Уοֻ
Ҫڣ
˼Уһ֮Ԩġ֮֡ٵ뱣
ְ
ŵͳӿȸѵľ޴϶ڣֳһ޴ޱȵɽ塣
Ȼɽһ֣ڰʯһſŹâʧȺǣ·ɽ˶
֨ѽ֨
޴ɽ壬ѹѿķ϶ⲿȻǺӴ롣
𾳽̫ʼ컯ۣ֮ͫ󷽣ʮ͵ġԨ춴ǰҵľơ
粻ɡ
̫ʼȻһЦʹϷԨ˵Ż
¡
ɲɵأ컯ͣںǾ˵ͷѹֻǶӡ
ȥԺ컯Ȼƴش䣬ڿȲĺǾˣѹľ˺Ǵϡ
ھģһİ磬ֲҵı
ھǿնۿڿȵһģӰҲ컯ѹһĵ磬׷ٴûھڡ

Ʈںڰģľ޴ʯ̫ʼµ컯ײںǾ˵
аʥĺǾˣԦ컯壬ִƴ̫֮ʼѹĽˡ
ǣǺǾѿס컯֮۵̫ʼ
̫ʼ
ȻڻĽˣ
Զʥħ½ǿһ̫ʼʱѪڡ
һȻǿˡ
һˡƵ족˹ĺԶҲݡ
⵽̫ʼ⣬컯廹һԵǳһλӺݶׯŮӡ
ǰǰǷڰ֮زսбҪ𣿡
¶һŽݣɰͰЦŵͷ󣬵ϸȥͻָᷢںڰðͷģ𼶱߾Ǹ߸ϵԴ顣ԪǿߣħеĴħ񣬻С
ָ޲ף͹꣬ǿɬǹȥоֻϺȡ
ⷬһ̫顢ͰɫҲ̫ÿ
Ȼ˵ķʵ
ǵĶ֣ҪԵġ
ԶЦҡҡͷʮȪۣͨʮ磬ڰעĲˣǿȥս
λoڶ࣬кһµԴ顣
ѵ㲻Զ£



ڶǧپʮ o

Զ׳ʵջ̫ʥħ½һǿԶڡ
˭᲻֮
̫ʼԺǺڰԦ컯壬ʹoռݵаʥһĻ˿ܵǿ
̫֮ʼս
ʮһĻƽǾӴɫ͸·ҪӡƵ족ͣͻԵ
𡭡
ǿ૵
Զ΢Цǵıֵ֣ʮ磬ʮoŮʣֻͨһλoͳΪʮһ
пĹâʢ
Զ˵λս죬л̤磬ܹնɱһλoлΪ𡣡
ԴоԣЩ߷򲢲ڣֻѰҡ
Ʃ߲Ŀռ䷨ƩЩǵ磬ûصԴ鵮
Ϻһ˵ϵЩԵЩ⶯ˡ
ǿ侲ڼ⡰Ƶ족Ϸϣⳡսıлǰ

٣֮񡣡
̫ʼ쳤ЦݼԦ컯壬ԿȲĺǾ
ŨĺڰУ׳ɽ壬Եôۡ
ڰ磬˵ҰڣޱȵɢݵĹԣڰ޷ڸǡ
֮ڰڱڣڿٳء

ɽĺǾˣײ׷ըѣĵϨ
ͻȻ׹컯壬緢̫ʼoȡĺǾˣ˲ʧȥ˻֮

ɫǰ򡣬بںڰУ˻̾
Ǿ˵ˣͷƽȫѣҪȾ
⣡
ɫĹͫڰԴŮӻӰͻȻȡ
һ𣬱컯忪ٵĹ֮أֱڰѸû
ڲƽϡ
컯ۣ֮һŶĿǳ֮Уһߡ
ǹ֮УͤͤŮ̬Ĺ֮Դ飬΢΢üǰƳ˺ڰԴһۣͲҵĶˡ
ۺ졣
ȻΪԨǰһ֪дo٣֮ԴûƬڰ
kʵȫ߱
kʵ̬컯壬kвãk汬ˣⷽԴͺڰֲõصأᱻ֮
нkŻԼûоȥչ֡
ɲ۵kڼ沢ԴĵԺ󣬵k͸¶ĿֲϢڰԴе
ȽУ㻹ұһȵĻҾ档
Ů̬Ĺ֮Դ飬ȻûнڰԴ
k̿ĽͷʥԣΪ֪Լͬkǿš
á
ڰԴ黯λŮӣĻһ㣬ûͫ
䣡¡
컯屻̫ʼƿţһδεأײ򺡹Ǿˡ
аʥĺǾˣϵ컯֮£Ӻܿͻɢܡ
ɽ۵Ĵ֮ĸĮ⡣
컯屾ø󣬵k컯壬÷㴩գҲ̫ʼ컯壬ʹаʥĺǾˡ
ҵĺãײĺã
֮ĸеʹޱȡ
ʱkҲŨĺڰаʥʹkʥ
գܹйޣkȻҪ̫ʼֺúܴ˿̡
Ԩ֮ʥɱңھ̫ʼʥٵ
֮ĸ
ͻȻһڹǴǳͫ˲䶴аʥĺǾˡ
ԴķںǾ˽ڽڰʱһ
ֻһǾɢΪǧ޴ǣƯںڰڡ
ԴԼ֮ޱؿŴ֮ĸƺ˵ʥֻݻ٣Բ㡣
֮ĸһߡ
Ҳڴʱ
ݣ
һҫĿĲɫ⣬ޱĿռ֮ǺǾ˱ѵУͻȻ˳ȥ
ǲɫڣӰΣ·λo
˶δܿλoݣʹͨ˺ѵķ϶Ӻڰֵһš
Ἣ۵ĵkִն̨Ԩ컯ϵĴ֮ĸλҲܶÿռߣⲿǺѰ

ǧ˿ƵĿռⲿ絴̺
꣡
ڶ˵ѷ죬λ͵˺
ǵϢЩѷĽ粻ͬѰĲɫ⡣
λo¹ش󣬱ҪϽɾ޴ֻ
ܿϧʲôҲûҵ
λoʧڻĽǺӣѰҲ޷֪ǵĶ򣬲֪λoȥ˺δ
°ӳ೾Ŀռ֮񣬵άء
˵ĳˣͷ۵ķ£ɫҲ³䵽
Ųɫȥķλλoڻһ̲ſֲľ綾
綾
Ϊ֮ɫ䡣
Ԩüͷ壬֪֮ͨȣԾ綾֮ž˵
˵㣬˵ڵľ綾ȻͬСɡ
ȼľ綾֮ԴĶ֮أ񣬶ǿӴѪ⣬һĿ
ռ֮֮񣬴ĳ־綾֮뿪ǽЩʲô

Ἣ۵ĵkkڻĽգչġ֮·ͨеѰλoĶ
kҲвԤУܾȥoһԴ硢ĽЩʲô



ڶǧپʮ ֵ֮
Ľ죬İǿѪŰ
˿̣ЩŵУˮ
ڰ֪١֮·kߣǺӵѰλo

ԨüģƮʮߵġ̳ͷ貵ԣڰڡ
СԴѪ֮ϣµؿġ̳֮ĵͻȻͣ
Ҳҿ
ԨԱ塢ԯͣն̨һȥѷǺӡ
ն̨Ȼĸ֪ĽǺչ
дĻĽǿߣֻҪǿ꣬һ߲ǣһѲĸӦ
ѪߣûдĽأĸӦΡ
һԺҴĻĽǿȻġ
λo룬ԨԴ֪״ЯڻĽѰ
ȻѰһûջ
þò
컯ۣ֮һĴ֮ĸüŴ
kŶἫ۵Դ꣬ɫɭָ𣺡ܸɵ飬Ҳܸɡ
ԴĮȻ⣿
ͬΪǿԴ飬Դڳư߲ԨʱͳԨ֮ԨԨУ֮ĸ
֮ĸλʵԨڶͬ࣬Ǻ֮ǡ
kȻkĻ֣ǰԴꡣ
ȾĲ񱩵Ĳɱʱûǹ֮ĸЦ
Դ겻Ϊ⣬ʲô
ռ֮ǵûеҲûпռԴڡ
֮ĸأķͷڶѵķ϶ǺӹԵ䣬еάصĿռ֮񣬼Ȼ֮һ𣬽аʥͻǵķ룬ԴͻĽκεطȫ
oӦû֮ȵ򣬴һ綾
ǿһ£ڽԴͻĽ磬ᷢʲôµ顣
kˣʥħ½Ǳߵǿ˲ɫ
ʹԴ˼ۣһλͨռokҲ̫ڿռʤ
߲꣬ݱԴǿյ£һ¡
һӳ೾Ŀռ֮񣬺֮ľ綾ûڻĽԴ磬Ԩ
˭ƺ
ֻҪֻҪռ֮ɱףɳû
Դܹɢڰôռ֮֮񣬾Դ硢Ľɢ綾֮


һɫ֣ü㣬ղóһҫĿռ϶
صģ롢ɫ컢Ϊ׵񣬴͵ؿŷ϶ѿ
һ黨̣ȳζ̱ǵƤǵɫء
ʧ
㶰ΣȻе򣬿ռ֮ǵɫУλoһλǿռ֮񣡡
ӳ೾ۣĿռǿߣҲ׵أüķսڡ
ܹıȻǸ߳ӳ೾Ĵڣ
ԨĿ˵һпһλǿĿռ֮ӳ೾°ߣҪūͷ߲
СģƤԲǶԷĶ͡
ɢչޣЩĽԴǣȥͷҪڴ˿ԶԶ
ųζƤҲ֪ʲôڣڷǰƯš
ɢݳŶζ
ϸȥֵƤಿָˣ̵Ĳλ·𰵲ֲĶԴ
Ҳ˵ЩԴͰ֩ѪƤ
ŵζ
ĽֻɽƤɢݵζˡ
ɲʱڵอѪ⣬㿪ʼ˸á
λͨĻĽ񣬵ȵԤеʱڵѪڻѪˮอûһġ
о綾
콫ƤŪȥ
ɽԼڵ״ŵˣֻŵؼ
ҲȻȻÿѷ죬Զȥʱ
أͻȻùսע˾𣬲Ŭٴѿա
ȫˣأӶӲ
ǿ綾Ƥأͷž綾Ϣ
ںɽ֮ƤΪӽһͷͷżҲѸٲĺ󳾡

ʱɽһ̯Ѫˮͷû¡
޻꣬׷Ѫˮϵİգسֳ
ڵصếҵ޹ǣҵҾô
ĳһ޾˻Ҳر뷳ʤ
Զ㣡
ȣʾɫ컢¹ЩҲҪ¶⡣
ԼƮŵƤǰֳɫ˵ƤƤľ綾Ϣɢ

ҵˣ
򡣡
ڷ򣡡
ԨԴʹ֮ĸǵɫէ֣λȺأλoĶ
ֵΪƽĵkǷأռ֮ѿһȥ
ܹľ綾֮ĸӹkֻҲ˵ҲãoʹĶ󡣡
ԨԱͷλoصٴʧҶģȥ
һǿٵأôҲû뵽ᱻĿռ֮ϡ֮ĸ䳰ȷkϲͳЩҲϲ롣
λأȽ˷򣬳ض¾綾֮֮ĸ鶼ࡣ
ľ綾֮ܹģĿǰӦֻС
Ը˵ԯᵴƳһ˵ĳˣû˵ˡ
Ҳ֪˵Ǹ󣬾ǲŮʡ
֮Ѫ⣬ȡһԹţõȶڵ챦ϣǼ綾֮ﻯ⡣
С
θԺһŬΪ˻ɱţΪгˡ
ǰΪЩЧŵ޽ⶾ±Ҫѡ



ڶǧپʮ 綾֮Դ
Ҳȥ
ü˵ɫ԰ס
ҲƬӴѪ֮ϣ˶ž룬Եø롣
·綼žУԴ磬ĽҲûʲôС
Ԩؼ䣬ΨһǸˡ
ˣԨԥƬ̣ȻؽͳһԨںڰ֮ıҪѪ
Ԩһ
СͣȶеĶ
ԨʱᣬԽµն̨һŰȡ
ಣ
˲䵽ն̨ڲ
һ«ն̨ڲ֣ҫ˵Ĺ⣬ɢȾѪľ綾Ϣ
Сɵ«ڣʢҺ壬оȻһʶ
˾綾֮ԴȸǺˣ
«УǹʶͷųͷһС۾Ԩ
綾֮Դ
Ԩʱˣ֮ǰĳŵնľ綾أӡһݸԼ
ʱѡ񽻳Ȳڶе챦Ȼǲȥ
Ԩ룬ðɫ컢޽ѣֻԼ֮ء

ն̬֮ȻֳһƬؾ硣
ǸУ;綾Σնء
ԨͷȻһķ϶ƮŶȥ
˺صˣҲҪʱˣĺڰֲ̫ĴڣԸ̫ö
ⲿǺԨıĿԶ룬Ҳڰн䱸
Ἣ۵ĵkڰԴ飬컯Ĵ֮ĸ֮ڵŮԨе̬ȣûһ˸˵ȥ
ͬʱԨն̨ڡ𡱵;綾֮ԴĲдʶнѯʵǻŵģ
Ҳ֪
һеľ綾֮ԴãȻػӦ
Ԩϸϸ꣬һ飬λ綾Դʶ
һ飬Ǿ綾֮Դĸӷȫ;綾ء
ʶ߷ǹһλԴ󲿷֡
Сɵ«Уо綾֮Դʶ͵򷨹棬ֻʶټ٣ǷǳĲ
ȱʧĲֱ֣֫һԹţһ
綾֮Դ˼ţ϶ظӦ
λûʲôвԴ飬Ԩ֮ȵһԹţľ綾Ļܡ
һУʶ
ǱָԺȲͬ֫С
شʱնһԹţ˺ǽ綾֮ԴĲȸȡˡ
Դˣܹ綾֮Դ
õģлĻش̸һ̸óľ綾ذ¡
ԨɵԴ꣬Ǳն̨ġ«ľ綾ܷ񾡿Ҹ򣿡
綾֮ԴĬһͻȻ
ֻ˵ԨȻ
ⲿ
һǵɫȥڶມǾ˱Ĺͷһؽصܵkǣֻ޴ͫ
аʥĹͷѤصڣ¿ʼ˼
о޴Ļ¯γɣڶ£л¯ѿͨͨĨ
һҵռ֮񣬻λ֮񡣡
˼۵ĵkͣͫϷkŴ˷ڰ컯ĵִǿֳ֣ѷͶڣһǡ
ಣ
kԼ֮񣬴һѷȥڻĽѰkֵλo
Ԩؾ쵽鲼Ľġ֮·kչڶkʶ
Ҳæ
֮еŮ꣬ҫ˲ֱӵ⡣
ڻĽȺǣպ£͵kȻĸӦ
ǺУ֮ķǣڶҵ̫һ£˲˵kͫkĽѰʧλo
ǳذ£뵽Ĺ֮Դ飬ԨɽԴԴ顣
ԻԯǳͻƵİ壬ڵkǳͨʱ۹k
kǿԯͰܹܡ

˺ѵķ϶貵âмԶĴպkøΪĿĹâŵkۡ
ڰֵڵkʱԽԽࡣ
ͫŮ̬ĺڰԴ飬ԥú󣬺ȻԴ˵Ҫջҵ

޾ĺڰܣֻۣͫ͸ƾʧ
á
ԴһĻɣͺڰԴͷɥЩoӭµͻơ
š
ڰԴСӦ
꣡
ڶ๹ʥǣϴ´Դٴӡk
һаǣʵԨϷʹ½е
˿̶ܵkƿأͬʱаǡ
ú󣬵kһĻ꣬ЩǴµħ
һ۵뿪Ӱ쵽kkµãȻƿסơ

ͨȪһλoڿռ֮֮Ҫ
һźڰʣԹǿӡ
ˣ׷׸оеһζξ·Ƥõˡ
Ԩüͷһ壬ͻȻ֪Ǹ³ͺȣڼĨߡ
³ͺλoԺʮļ䣬һ˵ĳشڸˡ
ҲӶħͷûͨ꣬ŪǸĹɷʽ
λصoͨ˽ǻ֡
֮񣡡
ն̨ڲ磬«еľ綾֮ԴҲ죬һλǿҿֲoĨ˵ļ䣬ҲܲʳԷһζԴ׳Լ
ȼ³ͺҪĶ࣡
ʣһʶľ綾֮Դƺλ֮Ĵ־壬ԨСġ
ע⣬һΪ֮o
Ԩ̤ն̨ıŴȪۣȥoҪһҪԴ

һ䣬ͱԺһŵַ
ڶַеǹϵ֣еǺݵ֣Ҳħħ塢Ĺġ
ЩʽַԴڶǻȺɱĶһ˼

Ȼ䣬ͱԺֵַλꡣ
֮кܶ౻ļ䡣ҶԣЩļ䣬̲żΪɹ۵ȳٽȥ
еλ꣬ںԨ˵Ժ˵ؽ¡
㱻ڸǵЩ䣬ҵ˵ѣ
֪ôԨʶЩλǣŽӽԨԺġ̳ȴڿ;бҷ

֮񾪿ֵؼС



ڶǧپʮ ֮
Ԩʶ
״ġ̳·꺣Ŀɽ͸Ϣض䣬һλλoִô¡
λ֮ӽ̳ʱˮڵˮݣ۵ر
ٸɡַλ꣬գۼʧɾû¡
֮ڱ𴦵Ӱ˴ӭͷشɼ
ļ쳹ǿԺҲ쳹Ԩ

Ųն̨ͣⲿǿյԨһͽԺġ̳Ưͷ
ԨԼ·
ಣ
һĿԣӱͷġ̳һԡ
һַ֡λ꣬Զɱ˲ɾ
̳תͻȻٴųһƬԣԱߵһռѷ졣
ҫĿռѷڣͻȻðһӰǴһϷ۵ġá
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綾֮Դն̨ڲԨ𡱵˵Żܹ˶ݵʱ䣬ҵ֮أܹŤĨ䣬ܹʧԼļ
綾֮Դϵ͸¶ѶϢԨoԴ
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ĹΪɫûƤͷУȴһ˫ĵӡ
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ҵļ䣬ĥһЩԺġ
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⵽ֹ֮ԯ壬̫ʼȻãȻ״̬

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λѾˣǰ֮ƺȫ
Ԩϸ鿴Щ˵ļ䣬ļ䣬ȱʧĲ֡

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«ԨƮȻ

«ԷצᰴסǰصѪͺ«еľ綾һľ綾õس֡
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֪ҵġ
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ٴαûЩֲѪⶴƯܱߵѪˮ£ΪԴȪ



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ī룬ףһˮħüҲʶǡ

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֮ȣֻӴ㣬ڲǰ
ħͷɻǰһĻŪˣλoڰݼԴǶ˾η
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̹˹ˣ˿ұģһּ䡣õԴ֪ҽЩǵ硣
Ļұ㽫ⲿֱļ䣬Խϡ



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ʮڻضʱ̻쳣ȪۣȻһ·
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һԼ䣬ЩħһǼ䣬ƺԴ磬Ľ磬ԨԭеĻ֮
ۣ
һԴʶ򱴶̹˹üǰһɫܱĤԴʶȻ͸ˡ



ڶǧһ һħ
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Ἣ۵ĵkԾȵأǲɫܹĽ硣
һƬƬδ֪ħƷţɫ绯kûмףÿһ׶Ť
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ϼʱȻ֪ľӦԴİ취
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꣡
⼣߰ߵͭݾȦÿݾһɹŹֵĴ
ԴһʶʹûͭݾС
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ԼΪĵk¶Ȼɫû뵽̹˹ܶɱkʶ
Ȼˡ
kƶħͷoᣬͽԴˡ
Ȼˣͱˡ
ӢΰĿռ֮վֻѤĵϣͻȻ۸ߺ

٤ı߽紦ڶռѷ֣ӿһɹɰܡ
һѷڣȻֳ˿ҫǡ
Դ磬Ľ磬ֲڸĿռʥ׷ױѰЩĿռ϶ȥĿռܡ
ҫǣΪĿһռʥڲصĿռҲ
ܿ죬ѿݼŵ٤򣬾ͱռ֮άظ
Ἣ۵ĵkڵάصһ̣о٤·ӻĽİͼ˳
ڻĽ٤̼һİͼ޹ϵ
أأ
߼۵ڣмʮϸ緢ľάصȻ˲ͱϿ
ЩȫӦſռУǵάصնǡ
ԴϾ֪kʩչռ٤뿪
ĵάأĿռԴ飬ĸϣάȻǸ߹kġ
Ϊ˷յµͳߣάؽ򶼷ˣΪƵk
Ϊѡս
֮˹һһɥڴˣһǻĵصȺȥ
άغЦͷϣ֣ܿһݵͻ
ݣ
k״αɫüͷλoʧı̹˹ݶͼı
kʵھǺݡ
ԴĻأƬƯڻ꺣ŵĺ֮ģǵkԴȪǵkĴš
ֻҪڣkµʶڡ
ЩoݴҲڣkڸе鷳ˡ
̹˹ҪģȻǺ֮е㡣
һֱĬ֮Ŀƽޱȣɤ·Ҳûвֻм㣬̹˹˲ǵ磬߸ͽ

һˣʮԨ춴ڡ
ֻ˶ͫһֺ׳ʥ¼ɡ
ȫµаʥͨԺǵ¼ڵkŲ֡

ʥͻȻɳͫͣڵkǵĻ¡
Ļ³䣬ôΪ֮ʱ֪ٷ壬µ
ܿ죬ʥͻһ߸ߴħ͸ޱ߹
ħȼħ棬kٴһߺʵ
٤Ǳ֪ġ
kӴѪϷԨ֮Դı̹˹oᣬ٤ҡ
һڳǿȻʧɫ
ͨԨıЩʧֵķλ𣬶¶ŵı顣
֮Դ飬֮ĸľԴ飬Ҳk仰𾪡
̫ʼؿȵˣ
Ԩͱ屣Ż̹ͨ˹٤Ժ󣬱λoԴֱסǷǰ飬Ԩһ
ԣԨ˵ǣֻ˵Ӵoľͼ䣬֮˹ȥˡ
֮˹Ƿļߡ
Ԩ͡
˹Ƿ˭̫ʼʡ
ԨͣһԼ
Լ
ЩΪǿߣԴͻĽ۷սԨ͸¶Ϣ
ھҪȥҸоһˡǾҼ۶ɵ̫ؿռáпռ֮άڣҵǾܳԿ
֮ĵk仰󣬾ƮȻ뿪
֮ǰkԨһۡ
Ƚˡ
kĻԨԺ

ããĺ嫻зӡͻ䣬ȫԨ
ʮԨ춴ҲԨ˸Ӧ
Ԩ֪ܹԡ̳ĵھ̨棬ȥƿءԨ춴Ҳƿͫϵ
ͫеkϢڻ˿Ҳڻ֡
˿ۺϣkʱһĻ꣬Ҫֻͫƿء
Ҫʱ䡣
ǵkʶĻԺҪµĻ꣬Ҳһ׵顣
䣬kҪ˺ݣⴴ½ֱʡ
Ľ׶ΣkΨoһش롣
ǣkεأƬƿȨԨ

״ˡ
ʥħ½ħɽ櫿δ֪ķţһǶ׾ȪۣȪͷһߴӰ
Ǿ߸ߴӰïܵĺ룬ЦҰ
һƬգ簢櫲ħɽǰʣĽ£Ƶǿߡ
һ磬Ǹ߸ϣ֪ܵǿߵӵͰ
ף
ʧߺȡ

ı̹˹ЦţǳΧ
ħɽڵȪۣ֮ӣԽԽܡ
Ͼ֪һµȪγɣǸ׺ܹܿˡ
ѾͷҽͣѾͷ𰡣



ڶǧ ɼ
ħͷգȻɫعֽС
Ǻ߰ħһ紫ö϶ԵüΪᡣ

ħͷضأŰвָɫݾسЩ̺ռеķ֡
ѾͷҲ˵갡
ħͷأһööţ򰢵櫵Ȼ

ʥħ½
׾ң䣬һööؿռطš
ԲҾ㣬ǿԴ硣
⵶ҫޱȣ櫲Ĵڵ֮С
ۣۣ
һööڹ⵶֮ʧγɵȪۣûܳɹ֡
ħ֮꣬Ҳ֮ϵͺ弸޲
ԴꡢԴǵķУնЩûгεķźɡ
Уŵı̹˹顣
ֱʧ

Щдķţĵ׾ڷţѭĳֻƺ͹ͼȪͨ֡
ϧһ붼ʣ۷ڵִǿֳӵȪۡ
ʧˡ
һеİ櫣̱ҵĴأشûлع
ѽĸףoᣬͼռԴǺӡ
ĿУħͷԴĴӢۣһֱػԴĲⲿаȾ˵ء
߲ԨͻĽ磬׵Ľ䱸£û͸˵ء
һ˵գƵǿߣӵߺֵĳոտ
ȷŵȪ֣ͨ׾ͻͳǿߣֱħɽڽ١
ڻĽ磬ԴԨˣʮȪԣo档
oȺ̤ȪۣڻĽ
жĹͷǿߣͨȪԴ罵٣ôĽԴȫҪң
ۼȪۼΣ̹˹ĽͣǱ̹˹Ļ֮ƣֻùϵĨš
櫡
ħɽϷǱħһ֡
˺ܾã侲İ櫣Ŵ׾߳ûħɽ
·ʲô¶ûİ櫣ħɽʱ˵Ŀ⡣
ħɽ޷Ȼע뵽˺ݵľĺԨģ
ʱ֮ӳ೾ͱ˪һԨڣʱӿͨ
ΪʲôԴշȫ䣿
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ܷһͣ
ΪĺԶɫأġƵ족𣬵㸸ħɽڣʲôܣеݣ
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һ̯һɵ񣬵ħɽڣڻ磬ֻΪ˵ԴꡣЩΪʲôʧأʲôŲˣͲˡ
еΣΪĿռ֮
ȻԴĿռ䷨䣬˵λĿռoԤԴĿռ
ռ֮ôģʲôһҲȥħͷʵ
û˿ռ䷨ûǺӶɿڿãҪ˲عݣǰ򣬶·;ңԶһͻȻҵǾãǱ߶Ȼ˱ʣǻȹܺԼɡ
һھۼǿ׷׿Զ
ݵ䣬ҲоĽⷢ
ԶҲ쵽˲Ծһ£Ȼغݣ
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˾£ڶڵħ꣬΢΢һ
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£Ϊ𡣱̹˹·վãûҲ𡣡͡
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仰ºͼλ½ħ񣬾ͷħƿصǺӹŽ
ǺӹŽһͷͷֲľޣʥħ½롣
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壬ħаʧͨħǱ̲סѯʣ£ɫԾܵǿҳ֪һʲôԸ𣿡
ܣҲܣԲ𡣡
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ܽʵ˵ݻٴҵԼҲܲˡ

Ľ硣
Դĵڶ٤ȥʱԨն̨ͬ٤ıȻͣס
类ڳĽ٤Ҫն̨ѿնѾòܡ
ռ֮άص٤֣ͱ̹˹ʧȥ˸Ӧ
Ҳ٤ʲô
ǣħԴ꣬һɱ٤
Դ뿪ǰⶣΪտЩȪۣˡԨ춴ĿȨ
ңտһЩȪۣoǱ롣
úԨ·
ҫ߲ϼ⣬ƿصĿռЩȪ۵λöȥ
𡱵壬ڲԦն̨٤š

ʮԨ춴Уһɢ⣬аʥȪڲͻȻðһӰ
ɪ˹
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ʶһЩˣðľȻʱ
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ɪ˹ԥƬ̣ʵ˵ҽԺ󡣡
򣿡
֮ĸС
ģһ̹˹
ɪ˹kǵ̫࣬һٴοԨ
˵
Ԩͷ
ʱڸ;УԽԽ
ʶ̳ھŲĻ̨֮棬Ͱɪ˹ġԨ춴ѾڽӦˡ
ǡԨ춴һѪڣͿŤҵӿ
ֻҪɪ˹ȪۣԨһ춴ڵ
ϡ
ɪ˹¶ЦӿġԨ춴˵ұаǵ䣬ʥػߵĬ£ܶԨ춴ԴĻ򷢶ϮǿҲ벻һ죬Ԩ춴ָҡ
ΪԨǿȴһ˵򣬲òڱ̹˹ˡ
һЦһҡͷоԼʵ̫ˣƤ㣬һߵһߣƫƫɼ



ڶǧ һػʽ
ġԴ֮񡱸пǧ
һΪӣ˫ȥ
ǰ조Ԩ춴ԴĻûǿգͼ߲Ԩ𣬽߲ԨԴ羡С
йԻͣҲͳɹˡ
һζȥġʹԴı̹˹
ɪ˹࣬ǰ̫ʼ壬򡣬ЩǰƲ۵ļһһΪ
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ˣпˣ˵¡
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ɪ˹Ļ͸¶ѶϢ֤ʵ̹˹йᡣ
Ĵħ񣬻Ŀеλ
顣
Ԩ֮ͣڶġԨ춴ǰڶཫȪ۹ŵġԨ춴ӿֵ񱩻ҡ
ƫƫĻ̨֮ͨȫܹܵƿء
áԨ춴ֹֹͣͣ䷢ͷʹԶʵּԦڶĻ춴
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ʱ˲ŷ֣ȻԴȺӴ˷Ǻ뿪ȻڰҲûֻͫ
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ʵǣԴ类Ǳ߶Ϊǵͬˣǵһӣ
һеoУԴڱ̹˹ˣֻҪ̹˹ԴءЩoԴ磬ȥ
ɪ˹׳ذϢ
Դ磬ԷΪͬ磬˱̹˹˽磡
ʮȪֻͨԴǸıҪֻǱ̹˹ˣһֱûͬ⿪Դ磬Щͨû
ǰã̹˹˾쵽Դ꣬һûˣ¶ĿԴ磬ҪعԴꡣ
ʮȪͨ쳣ҲǱ̹˹õάԿһռ֮µܷͨʹá
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Ϊ֮Ȼ
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ɪ˹ֻͫŻĻӰ
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ǡ
ɪ˹ֿ򡣬Ԩ
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һֱεأȥƶԷñ̹˹˶Ϊˡ
Щ磬λͱ̹˹õĴҲ΢ʣñ̹˹촦˽صˡ
ⷬ˵˴ľ
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Ǹ磬̹˹˵ģڶࡣ³ͺλа񣬲ûмʵģУҲǼ³ͺһԽȣǱߵԼǲ١
ڹʱ֮˹쵽ˣ˹ǻ˱̹˹˵Ĵ£ǵļУĨ˺ͱ̹˹صĲ֡
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kݵԴȺνڿڤòǿ
Ůʣֲɱ˼³ͺȣŭǱߵļλ
ƫƫʱkŤҵĻܣûʹǸĴǣ̹˹ƽϢԼڲıҡ
⡭
ɪ˹󣬻ڴ˵ǿȫɵˡ
Ūǲߣߡ
һı̹˹ͺͶԷˣԴҲսǸ磬ΪǸĵʮߡ
˫ڲúͨʮȥ̽Է磬ЩҲˡ
ڣkȫˡ
Ԩ
̹˹ˣϣܹȥ½kһ̹֡˹Լȥݣǰ֮ļk
٤򣬵kݡı̹˹һһļ䣬λoԶɱk
ɪ˹ƬɫѪ⣬̹˹ѾǱ߾ټ㣬ǻĽסĽ磬ǵʮ˸ͬ硣



ڶǧ 
ʥħ½
ԶˣһӴǺӹŽݿȥԺ
ͻһҫĿռѷ죬ΪѿԽԽ
ڶŰ׷ʣҪŪħɽڿ񱩵磬ݵǿ˺ѵķ϶
ԴĿռ䷨һƬңǺӶɿڡʹãռͣסת
һΪɵĿռ϶ʱͻ֣ȻԵüΪķˡ

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ҫĹԣӿĿռ𵴣Ȼڲҷأʥħ½ܱߵշȹ̡
ȣ
˻򣬱Сʳ𣿡
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ǿվޣֲޣǻʲô
ˣ
ħǱһͿֻʵľƾճһλӡ
Ӽ͸ͷѪΪɫ¶ʷǷ
ҽһ£ҽеάأڿǸұƺΪռ֮񡣡
ҽܡ
ռ֮񣡡
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㣬Ǳ̹˹˵Ů櫵°ɣ
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㻹ңרһԴ磬ʥħ½
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Ƶ족޷ӳջĽ磬ۼڴ˵ǿ֪ɪ˹Ҳ֪ɪ˹ǸϢ
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άҡͷЦЦڰ櫳ĬʱλӻĽѿնĿռ֮ʧħɽ֮С
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ƮƵܣն̨ǰѤõĲưɢ
ԨǾߡ𡱵üͷأǰ쾰૵ʦ㵽ΪԴ룬ǡ
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˼ۣԼΪǸkǻϣ
ԣڼаʥĵkûйǰkǾļ֮ͱشĲܷˡ
kʶһͬ뵽аʥ¾ɵħ
ȻϤk֮񣬻֮˹ټϴħ񱴶̹˹λֵ£ħĵk·硣

Ұɫ֮ӴĺǷ϶ȼţеѪܷӳӦе
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kħڵĻ꣬һЩʱҲܵӰ죬ʩչ
ʦ㡭ҵʦ𣿡
Ԩѯʡ
ħͷЦŵͷȻǣһֱǰԨk֮ԴǸȲ˵kǱߵ£һ͵ġ
ɪ˹ѾҽˣǡԨ
ң֪Ҫ˵㡣
ħͷѣҡǷȣȻ֪ˣҵķʽԴ磬͸úһ𰡡kһֱͼ㣬kҵԴͷkҪȾе磬һʵԨǰ㡣
ԨҪkܺһ˵
̹˹ԴǳϿҵ˵
Ԩǻӭļ롣
֮ȣ֮˹һԨ룬ԨǺɱԴħ



ڶǧ Դķ
άģ
λoʢ£ԨĴѰռ֮䣬ն̨һȦ⡣
лǴڵļһӲĸӦ
٤ԣѲ󣬽ն̨ܿͽ٤һ׳졣
Ȼûпռ֮άصĻܲ
ڿλoУռ֮άʵѶԸ٤ԺȻû
սԴĽѣѸܡ
Եά˵ʲô飬ȺɱԴż
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Ϊ׿ռoĽ缴ʹٴҲƿ˲ơ
ŶάȥԴʥħ½Ǳ߳˵Сء
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ʥħ½
Ԩ΢΢ɫ
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άҪʥħ½һ̺綾ƤǱҲҪͿ̿
ͨʥħ½ħɽ١
Ǳ̹˹ⷽûڵʲôúõؽͣħɽͨڿγʱѾͷݻ˹Ȫ۵ĿռţʹĻع֮·ӻˡ
άǰǱߣֻڴ¡
ħͷЦںݴ磬Ǹ½ڷֱkңӦúkĨ
άڸŵ٤򣬲ֹԨĸӦ
٤ɫȻ䡣

ڶࡰԨ춴ڡ
ͫĵk˿ۺڳһĻɱ䡣
ɪ˹̸˵Ŵħ񱴶̹˹ĸ߹ݣԴػʹԴĺΪ
ͻȻһ쳣Ŀ磬컯ɽ۵Ľľüģ
ոս𲻾õԴ˲ᣡ
Ҫʲô
ԨԴ춯ɸߺʡ
Ҳڴʱʶڵġ̳ӦڴأͲľ̨棬ӵ
Ƭ̵ľ㱡
ݣ
͵ػΪһֲ磬컯ɪ˹ͣġԨ춴һִȪڡ
ȻŴΪһǧ׳أɪ˹ڡ
䣡
еĿɪ˹Ļɱ
ħ񱴶̹˹ѶԨ˵Ŵħİɪ˹һӭ˻ҷ
ͻɱ֣ڳˣһûӦ
ɪ˹Լ
ɪ˹ǵĻȪʧ鵭ĮأӿԨ֮ġ춴

ԯ򡣬ȻԴ飬䲻ض֮
Դɱɪ˹ʱûеõԨĵͷͬ⣬ôҲˡ
ǲ롣
ԨǰԴ飬ָ˽ľ컯յǿŹ֮ǣɫĴ֮ĸ
ԨŤͷһͷĴԴ飬֪ʱСͬˡ
֮Դͷûкӣڶʲô
Դ飬Ǻǲһ
֮ĸͻȻ˵ˣЩoɱԴΪ֮֮֡񣬻֮֮Щo˵ǵԴ飡
k俴̫ʼ
̫ʼӣ޹
ԨԸˣΪڶԸkΪ֮ǰҪkǲͬͳһսߡ
ڣ˾޴ı仯Ǳѡ񡣡
֮ĸһͱŸ߸߹𣬺ȵǲͬʮӴҲԴ磬ΪνĵʮߣĽΪʮˣ
ͨζЩǿ飬ԴͻĽ
ǡ
֮ĸ˹֮ǵŮнľΪԴ飬ǻΪЩǿߵ
kٴ̫ʼ˵һֿܣҲܵЩĹƻӰ죬ǽмǵΪo
ǳŰ˶Խ׹ԵʥϾĹ֮Դ飬ҲͷҲ뱻˭ҲĽԴѪ
ľҶɳɳ¶Ҳ̬ͬȡ
Ԩѡı̹˹Ϊ飬ǽkԸǣ
֮ĸ̬ȣ½ĺڰԴ飬ݵĹ֮Դ飬ԴԴѪͼִԴ飬Ϊ˶ԿǸǿߣһ㡣
ɪ˹ı̹˹ǷҪںϵּԴǷ׷ʶΣ
Ҳڴʱ
ಣ
Ԩ뿪ǿѪģͷСԴޣԨ˼ʱͻȻ΢ӴΪһ⡣
ɫ޵⣬ȻӿֳŨҵĿռ֮
ڶġԨ춴ڣѡһȪۣͻȻ硣
ӳ೾̴Ц֮ͷСԴҲѡǰѰĳ·ͻơ
ԨϣͷСԴ޸˳صѹ֪ԶҲѹԨ󣬾ѡôһ·
Ҳˣ
Ԩ͵ȵ˱ĵִ
˵˵ȥûнǰǶ֪Ǳߵ״ԨıСԴŵȪۣƬԺ󣬵ɣȥһ˿Ҫҵ۾ȥ򣡡



ڶǧ ħ
Դ磬ʥħ½
ֻѤ裬ͣǿУڵȺάص
շ϶ĴڶγɣĿռ䲨˵϶Ŀռ䷨ȶ
ڵЩǿߣԴĲд澫Χڰ櫵ԣѯʴħ񱴶̹˹ϣôͻȻoϹˣ
ѳ飬֪Ĳ࣬ҲشĲ
ֻ˵ġ
˵գǻȺĤݣӦһλ
û뵽ԴĴħͺoˣ
һ޲ף͹֮꣬ǣʥħ½롣
ǻڴˣֻħɽڲؼΪ񱩵磬ܹԴ꽵ʱش
ħɽ̲ص˺ݣʥħ½Ҳû˱ӻǵ
ʥħ½Ȼûʲôˡ
ݣ
˪֮˪ͻȻֻѤʵԳ֣ϸüëһ񣺡衣
ʱֻĸǿգʱӿ籩

͸żºķ籩ڣһ羧Өţƾˡ
˪ļ򣬻ƵǳأǼ籩£̶ʱͽʵΧ

춯̫Ȼɫͣ˶԰櫵׷ʡ
Ҫʲô
뿪޲׵°ֳ֮ͣɫɱֻʵҲܲġ
ռ֮άعԴշ򶼱Ӱ죬˪Ҷ裬ѵͲ
ɱ
˪شĺܸɴࡣ
ʥħ½ǰֻǰ˵ĶԻԶаħʱҲֻͽڵȴɣ΢΢ͷǴк
֮⣬⡣
ħɽڲ춯͸¶ľϢлĽľ䣬رע
ɾڸոգ֪ƮŵԴδǿαͷΪļȻһѶϢ
նֻάضĲʵλռ֮
ܾûϵļΪλͻȻ´ȴѡ
شؾ͵ĺ籩ӿʵȥҲػӽ
ÿһӳһƥ貵ĽⳤӣֻάµĲʵ
ȵĲʵչһž͵ĺ籩ڴϸѳµշ϶ͼѼ˪Ľ⡣

ľͺ籩ڣб⻯Ľ⣬ҲݵĲʵ
ֻѪҲʮޣʱڶѪۣвɫѪ
ʵڼХ͵άعͨ˿
ֻʵͨſռҪȺά϶룬ڲϵˡ
ʹɣǡʲô
Ǳüʻ
ǻڴӰ櫵ĿУѰҸڱ̹˹ѶϢҪŪʵ࣬ûϵһµġ˪֮ͻȻͶԲʵˡ
˪һ֣ǾҪӦԵάأܻбo
ǱϾħһֱ屴̹˹ʼղԸľ䣬oıԴ硣
˪ţӳѤõĽⳤӣɱں籩еĲʵ
ʵļԽԽ̶

Ŀռ֮֡
λoۼı⽣һشڲʵֵܱľͺ籩ȵи
ЩʵֵģһҫĿռ϶Ǿֹ
˿ڵάص£ռ϶类ͻȻ߬סڿתŽ֯
꣡꣡
άǰգ޴涸Ȼ飬˺˵ռ䡣
˪õı񽣣һ⣬һյġ桱ȴһŵġ桱
ڶࡰ籩Ҳڵάطʱ˺ļΪ顣
˪Ⲩƣڿռ֮άԺһи⡣
ҸܵˣԶһļϢ
άڲʵϣһ鲻ֲġ桱Ӳͬż˪ǵ磬кܶǿ߿Դ飬Ҫͻ
Ǳ̹˹˵أû˵޹ʹǹɼȻ
άĿɫȵȻkƣҲŵkСѾͷҪôҪôҾͰű˹
˽ļԴ飬ŵλãҲ
׼ǰǱߣʩļٻһ˵ǿ߹ѼԴΪԷ
˵άأûʲôˡ
ٶ˵ʱһĴЦħɽڲ
̹˹
ȻǴħ񱴶̹˹
˵ĿעȻȻأ
ס
һխɫսۣ߽Žߵİ櫣ڡħ֮ᡱϷӵૡ
֪ռ֮άصĵ׻˳ػعˡ
ಣ
ħ񱴶̹˹һҾ޴Ѫ磬ڵάصֻʵ
ڵһˣЦǺǵؿ˪ֿʥħ½ǿ˵Ҷûʧ
㡭
һƳͻȻҡҡͷ㾹ȻҪ
⻰һʹɫҪѿжѿ
峤
ǱߺţѪ̳ɳʥħ½λ̹˹ħ̳峤Ǳ㣡
СһģȻûʧ
ħͷЦ
Ǽ޴Ѫ磬·ħһ㣬ǿ졣
ħͲѪɫڣڻ̬ħಿλһöĹ򻺻תͷϢ
򣬷·һ࣡
̹˹ˣĻ編ˡ
άعһֻűѪŵģڱ̹˹ǻλĹ򣬵ö編ڣƿ֮ģͷļһ
ħͷЦ
Цգӻ֣ߴٵȥĽ٤򡣡
λߵԸλĿռ֮
ռ֮ƺҲϰߣͷҲ׷ʵ˪˵һ£ʲôûʣһѿĿռ϶
ֻ裬ѪﵽʮĲʵȻ˴ħ񱴶̹˹



ڶǧ 
ʥħ½⣬ڵĸȡ˿ǿ𾪵ؿű̹˹
ռ֮άأȻ汻ָΥּ⡣
豻˪ˣ£̹˹ж
˲˼ħ񱴶̹˹һ˵򣬾һݣ
£Ƿռ֮άذ㣬ΨǴӵo
УһȨƿصǱԴ绹Ҫţ

ͻȻӱ̹˹ϵǼѪڣһɹۻѪ⾫ܣʵϵѪӡ
ֻ˵Ĳʵ˿Ѹϣգ۾ͱù⻬
ʵ̩ҫĹâ
ˣҲûˡ
̹˹һָЦǺǵǱһڵЩǿߡ
أԴĳԱԴӿֵܳ
ҲˣȷʵнӴݵλĻҪߡ
ħͷЦǷ˵ţҾô˵ɣʮУұ̹˹յȨƺŵġһعݽԴһŵڶ
˺Ȼʧɫ
ʮ磬άء˹Ȱoڶ̹࣬˹Ȼֱŵģ
ı̹˹ȫ˴ҵޣҲ߸˵֪
٣
𾪵ı飬ħͷе⣬ǼѪ죬ӿŨѪһʻ㡣
ҵԴ缫ڣЩԺҲĿ磡ǣȫһ˵ڶչȭţ
Դ羭Ӫô꣬Ϊ죬ΪԴأ
Ҫһ£ԴܹΪǸİһԴʵ¸ߣ
ΪͳԴĻԻͣΪԴӿĿѾŬô꣡ôãЩoǿߣɱˣ
ǣֵɣ̴Ц죬ֻԴưԸ
һ̹˹ħ꣬˽ڹʿ
ಣ
ֻƻָĲʵȴѪı̹˹ʥħ½մ󣬲ϵĿռ˲ơ
άѾ뿪άصĿռŪ쳣Դ磬ҲֻֻܹӰ졣
ʵܹĿռ䷨ڣҵĹ켣
ʵŴ̹˹Դշţʥħ½ЩˣΪ̹˹һʱݴ磬ҪԴ
ȴ֪ʵ֮ͣأʵԨϷѤõϿա
̶ƫִļһ
ħͷĿ⣬͸˲磬ݼŵԨ
Ԩ磬һʯҷɳеĲ𽣹⣬һӨѪ磬ɴɱ״̬
źͽֵ֮ɣڻ찵صɱţ˺ۣһֻܺʣһɡ

ףʦ
ԨһĿͫѤ÷
ħ񱴶̹˹ȻʵԨ֮ʱԨڡԨ춴񣬾ȻһʱӦ
˿ıͷСԴ֮Ҳ̤һ硣
ͱ壬Ҳ׶˸Ӧ֪Ķ
ΪȴʱסĴԴ飬ô֮ĸ֮Դ飬ͽľ׷侲
֮ĸ̫ʼɱġ
֮ԴҲԲ֮أûд뿪뷨
Դ飬ҲҪȫռǵ
ףΪԴûаȫУԨͱ̹˹ֺԴˣȺ׷׽٣زɱkǡ
һһ
ԨŵkǣҲڰ򡣬

ֻͫͻһĻ쾳˶˱̹˹
ʵԨ߿գһѪı̹˹ͻȻ׹䡣
ľˮǣǣһʮһѤõĽ磬ڸʵԨ֡
Ľ磬ʮһ̿ͼƱ̹˹
ı̹˹Цµġ編򡱣ͷųһŤԴ鷨
ɽɽĵͻȻïܵɽֻľмɺԣϨ𣬴ط׷ѡ
һſŵǳ£âȻըѣҲ̡
ʮһԴ༫µУܵˡ編򡱵Ӱ죬ʧȥӦе
ͼѪı̹˹һǰ׹䡣
һ类Խ
ಣ
ı̹˹ŵʵԨͣһƬսֵɡ
ֳϷţ޴ڴأðǵɫ
㣬е۵ʧƱֵɵĽ
ֻбⶴĿȴûһѪ
䣬ڽŽֵ֮ɣĥֵɵĽ켣Ƶֵɵļᶨġ
ֵ֮ɣǱһĶɽ壬ûһ˿Ѫ⶯
Ѫûˡ
ֵɵ֮һѣ֮Ӱ
ĺף˿̻ͣŵһ񽣣ųҫĻâ
Ԫ֮ҲĽ飬ؼдɵ
ʼաˡ죬һֱֵɵͷڷŵ
̹˹
źֵѾƴܾˣ͵ؿħͷȻ
ʵԨûһ˿ǿãǵսƴɱڴѪܺͽֻʣһɡ
˶һ͸ı̹˹һ˿ʤ㶼û
ǲҡ
ħͷЦݿ䣬һ޺ΪԴ磬ûɳʱҾ͵͵ˡҪǸɲ򡣡
˵ǶҵĺӣԴĺӡ
أ


ڶǧ ̽
̹˹жһ˵ǿҲֻͨͫ
˻˻˻
һ˿˿ڻͫۣҪڶʱڣһ塣
ħͷͻȻԽľٶ˵k
٣
ԶʵԨգšֵ˵Żħͷɫħͫ˲ǿգͶ䵽ڡ
ħͷӰȻŴǧ򱶣ֻͫ
ۣ
kһĻ꣬ħͷ׳ӰűkĻ˿ȫʧ
Ԩ춴ڣ򡣬壬ԯˣһֱħͷʵԨЦŵĸܡ
ˣͻȻֽе̫ˣ
ΪȻ
λʵԨkһδĻı̹˹ôҸеϤİ
ϤħͷģЦݺͺơ
İģȻͬǿ
컯ۣ֮ĴԴҲı̹˹壬Դ飬ɬ˵kʶ²ٴˡ
֮ĸ˵kûô׶Ը
ϣˡ
ľɳɳӦ
߲ԨԴȺ⼸λ֪kǿᡣ
Ȼֽ׶ΣkֺȻϣԴֳܸӰܹʹı̹˹ָһ
Ԩȥ½ģ
ʵԨı̹˹յߺȣ˻֡
ڻĽֻͫħӰͬĶ˵ͬĻ
֪ԨͻĽˣܿľٶÿһ仰

Ԩڴ˵ɫƽӦ
ħͷ˵ͷŤͷֵ˵˲ǵȴ⣬ΪԴ硣
һʹźֵɣ翴ϡ屦ҽԴΪԼǶҵ˽вƲҾӪԴô꣬ͳҫĿ
ӦһʣҪҵԴ磬Ǻ

ű̹˹Ѫ磬һƬѪɫ󣬽źֵһס
Ҵǳȥ
̹˹ƣǻ編򡱵ŤڵԴ鷨
һѪɫٲʮһķٴγԨ֮ϵ硣
Ѫһźֵɣڲʵĵվ

ﻹŵģ񱩶ҵԨӿ
Դ磿
䣬ͷųѤԣûǿʱҲ
ʱͻ̬֮ɫƵУԴκ˵ģ̹˹ʱ͹ȥˣҪǰԲѡ

ħͷȫͷЦ㻹״ӴǸң˿̾ڻĽ٤򡣡
ָԼǻǡ編򡱵λãңմʵԨԽֻ֪ƴɱȫ֪սʱ췭ظľ䡣
⻰һźֵɶסˣû
̹˹ҡͷһЦֵֻСͬ㣬ȫʢʱڣʱսҡŶˣǵôͷСԴޣȻһϣû
Ҳǡ
ֵֿɣ˭ӮңԴ֮ݣҾ͹á
Ԩأ
ֵͻȻʡ
ǻĽ֮ûͻġ
ħͷȻЦݣ˵ҲԺݣԴʸһȥ
߰ɡ
µĲʵԸ
ʵһֻվڴһֻźֵɡ
ֻɿ磬˲û˽ڵĺһĻĻ⣬źֵɵ֡
ǳ£ǵзŴСռ䱻Ųƽ㣬صͲ
λںݣ࿴˳۵ǿߣ֪ʵѸٽӽ
һǣһľ롣

Ľ硣
ʮԨ춴ֹͣڵkĻ˿ʱûʶƿش˵ء
ֻͫ̹˹Ųʵű̹˹ֵɣǰݴӰҲȻʧ
˵Ŀ⣬ԨϣڵԨ
ı壬᲻⣿
֮Դѯʡ
ᡣ
ԨЦҡҡͷʦȻܹʮ࣬Ȼkoͷö
ôҵıӦҲǲսʤġ
׼ȱ


ıһİͿͷСԴޣһ߰˱۶Ŀľ޴ʬ
λ̬ģͻ֮³ȫһȻͬһȺ
Ŀİ˱һ
ɽ麣ХĹֽԨڶͼ³൱ȴŲͬ첲սʿʬҰƯա
³ͣ˵ĶĿˡ
ĶĿ壬ֱ۵Ķս³бСԴʳģǶĿİ˱
СԴһɱѪɺӣһλĿİ˱
ɢŰѪܣĴСԴޣһλ˱ʬǾܡ
ɱģۺı۵ĶĿսʿá

ԨŤͷһͷıҲڶȪ۴ڣŲͬ硣
ಣ
һȪУͻȻɳһϤӰ
Ԩ
һðͷͳԨСУȻЦݲõ˵Ǵħ񱴶̹˹ɹ˵㣬һ֤̽ʵ˵Ķģ
˾Ȼʱ֮ӳ೾
ӳ೾Ϣ;磬Ѹ߳ʧǰδΪ
һֱԨȻ
ǣҸոջڿյϢ֣͹̽һ¡ӳ೾ϸͷСԴ޵ѣڶĿʬ



ڶǧ ṹ
Ѱ찡
ӳ೾һŴ磬ޣƮѡ
磬kйĻȾ֪
߲ҡͷ̾ͷͻȻ룬ɱ޹̹˹˿ºѽ
Ϊ̩̹ĺᣬݵ棬ȻΪħͷˡ
ԨԹ
ң̹˹ػԴ磬ûıԴ粻֪ʲôˡӳ೾ħͷȻΪϿɣoǰȻ𣬻kйԨܡάҲڣҾ͹ˡ
˵ʱӳ೾Ŀ⣬СԴԶķ
ϺǸ
ʱ̤֮ʱ֮飬һţһͻɫֽϣֳСԴ޵ѹ켣
СԴ޴ڴ˷ǿգɢݳɫܣ纣һ
Ϻʱ߲ϼ⵴Ϻշűü졣
ȻҲͨС
СԴɫܺҡͷԣǿݳ⣬·Ѱʲô
ţ
էԨ˵ͷûżȥ׷СԴޣǴİ硣
˵صĸоͻĽЩƣҲǳأ¡
ڲӵǺУѪϢȻռȺأΪϡ
ܱߵЩǳأҲƺݵĴ㣬̬ͬǳ֣ͷųʵǹ⡣
ף
ԨɫͻȻһ
һһǳȥ
ǺӾ룬ֻ֮䣬ԶñУһİǳ
ŶĿˣֻۺıۣھ޴Ļ֮̿С
˵ضĿˣͷСԴһһʳ
ΪȺһЩǿߣѿڴǺУսսʿҲСԴ޸̵ɱˡ
ԨǳʵһɽŶĿ˽ģһӴʯͷǡ
ǳؼªĿѪȼߣҲǿ
ȻһڶĿǳڲȻмΪ
ǳͺݴ磬ն̨ڲĻһ
ǺӵĲܣϴӺ;֮Ϊκǻ鶼ֱɣ
ԨһЩƫƧĸɽƷײ͵ʯ
ïܵɭڲвٵҲ̲
˵صȻԶݴ磬ɴԨĸоȴͺݴ൱ֻصҵĴ
ಣ
ӳ೾Ԧʱ֮飬֮󲻻Ųæس֣΢ЦǲǺ֣ҺһҷֵʱҲ𾪡
ΪԨȻһ²ʵڱ磬ǳڲģѵҲ
š
ӳ೾ͷ˵ʲôԭĿǰҲռ֮άҲ֪ԭ֮ǳڲҲǱǻȺޣϰ׳Լ
Ԩü˼
һ㾻ǿܣĵطԴ粢ڡ
ںԴ֮ء߲ԨһҲǿ񱩶ҵͬǾ
Ԩ壬ʵȻӦԨݵﶼӦ
k˺Դ꣬ʼչֵkԺ󣬺ݵĸִ䣬صӿԨȡˡ
壬񣬾ħĺݴ磬Ѿǰһ
ԨĽԴ磬Ҳûбĵطǰĺݴһ
һ磬һǳȻ統ĺһ㣬ڲ
ʲô
ȻԨ˺棬ֵܾ̫̽ܡ
ӳ೾ͻȻֵĿǰ磬̰֮򣬶̰֮һͷޡûˣΪ֮ԴԴ󣬳ɹõ˽ףͱΪˡԴޡ
Դޣ
ԨȻ
磬ȻѾԴޣ
ԴޣǴ˵صޣͨһԴɣ
ĹŹ֣󳬺Ԩֱ֪Ӿˡ
С
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ϸһԨ֪ԴڻǱߣȰŰɪ˹ž֮ȡ
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ܸоǣǶ˶ǿڱӡǵѪС



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ڶǧһʮ ԴĻӦ
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˵صĴԴ飬ҪĹԣԾһͷ

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ͣõġԨ춴һٴλָתŤſ񱩶ҵԨڶȪס
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һȦȦѤ޵Ĳ⣬ͨ½죬գ۾ͽkΪǣ
εǻ߽ģǿ޴α޷ŴסʱԨıʧȥ˸Ӧ
һֱԥԥųԨѪ̨֮湵ͨԨͬ㣬Ԩ沢ûǸԴѪͼһ𱻵kǿû

αѤõϼڷţȳ½İѨ
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ڶǧһʮ ֮
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Щħǿߣ߲ԨҫĿİںԨԨ֮ľ뢡
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ħͷЦţڶħ꣬аȻش
׵ħҲ˶ͻڶħķȻǿڵ̨棬Ƿشء

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̹˹һߺͲʵòʵôȥ׼һ߰йͨԨ
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Ҳ£kȥ򣬽ά͵׻ɱ̹˹һ˵ά⣬͵ףҲܴ򿪺ͨkȥ׻ɱûбĴڣܹٽռͨ
һǾͻزǸ磬ǿ̬ԨҲԵִ
ħһͷеkǺƣkҾȫһǸȻҪ˷ˣ
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⻰һ˹һ£ӳ೾أ
ӳ೾ոձάظռУûܹȫ򣬻ס



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ڶȪ֮أ컯ָԭ״ٴΡ봣ա
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ԨŴ˵Դսʱ򣬻ܹڶԴǸԼԴǿo⡣
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ԨԴȥǰֻͨͫչġ֮·ྫµĻ֮ȫʶĻ̨֮洮
ˡ
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ӳ೾һ£Ҳھ
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ʱ˹ػ˴֮ĸڵλԴ顣
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İɣأر̹˹Դ飬ͱǵ˼ˡ˹ЦЦʾԨضǡ



ڶǧٶʮ ݿռ֮
Ӻ˹صͷųůĹԣ
λʱ֮Ľͣô֮ĸԴ飬Ҳ侲
ʵĲ̫һ³ͣȣй˹Щһ֪Զҡ
˹һ̾¶ɬζԴ񣬻ЩԴޣȻҲ٣Ҳûռݶơ
УЩǼԴ飬Ҳʲôüһ
Ʃ磬ǸԨԴ꣬kΪݱѵӦñ
һ֮ĸˡ
ΪkҲ亦ߣ
ԴǣҲǸ߸ϣҲǱ顣ЩԴУ͵kȦ󣬲ûʲôԵ𡣡
˹صĿ⣬ͣԨϣ˵һ󣬱ΪԺ͵kǿԴԴޣļʱ⡣У֪ǿɥkǰһС

ʱ֮£̾
棬軺̰֮ҲǱԴū۵£¶ͬı顣
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ռ֮˹ҲһС

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ʥĹʱأԨӡ
ʱ֮˹أԨһֵĹӣȵһ磬Ȼңһһǿ󣡲ԣҵ죬ֱǿף
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һĻĻӰԨԺĹӸ֣˹ؿĴľ

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Ҳ֪˵ԨԴԨǺգӵ

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Ԩں֮ĵı壬ħͷ˵Żħͷ˵򣬱Ҫǿλڡ
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ҸСĹȥԴ꣬kһȥʼ֮飡
ħѡ
kѾȥˡ
Ԩ
ҲʱӵĸӦжϡ



ڶǧٶʮ Դ֮
򣬺֮ġ
Ԩıںħͷ˵Ż
ħͷڶУλǿޱصĴڣħҲòսʤ
ʱ֮˹أ֮ʷٷݡ
һԴ顣
λûصʼ뿪ǿԴ顪Դ֮顣
ħ˵Դ֮µĴڣҪȺ˹غʷٷλԴֲ
ֻλԴ֮飬֪ԭƺԶҲ뿪ʼ
ڵkԶ뿪ʼֻҪԱܿʼڱ磬֮ʱ֮ˡ
ΪԴ֮ޣԵkͿ̶ֲȣȻ֮ʱ֮ǰɴҵҲµk
ֻҪ㿪kֻҪܿʼ򣬾Ͳµk׷ɱͿֲ
һԴ֮顣ڶ֮񡣵ʱ֮񡣡
Ԩ૵
˵ʱ֮ʱ̳ʱ֪һ֮ϣ߳յէ֣
ʵأ֪һ̺ӦĹ쳤ӣ
ѤõĳУ֮꣬һζ
˲佨˸Ӧͨ񿴵ʱ֮ϣǰͻȻðĺ˹أ˵Ƿ
ʱ֮˹أʱ׷ݵͼѰҵĹ
Ԩȡ
˹أ
ħͷһæ˵ҵĺѣһȻʱ׷ݵȻ֮ϣֱܹԴ磡ҲΪ㹻ǿ̳ͬҲؼеշ򣡡
ҸСĹȥԨԴ꣬kһȥʼԴ֮飡
ħֽѡ
˹˵ˣkӦѾȥˡ
Ԩ
ʲôô𣿡
ħһ£ָϽߺ˹أʱزȥӳ೾ףµȪۣңѪ֮ҪͨȪ۲ִܵһˣ
á
ԨոմѶϢȥûյѶӵĸӦͻȻжϡ


ʱ֮ϵĹ죬µľӨͷųº͹âȥ
İ׹ǶͷУֳҡӰڣ˿ʧ
ԵƣޱȣԨ˵ԴͻĽ磬̫ǿˣȻܳԽյ谭ΪˣҪѰȥļʱŻ˲侪Ŀֲ
ǵǿռ谭ǡ̫ס
˹Ŀࡣ
Դһ̹˹ӣĴƴս̹˹ڴ˽ĵλý
û뵽еԨԴ꣬նɱά
׷ԨĹʱȻֿǿԨִԴͻĽ磬͸¶Ϣľ
Դ磬һطصԨŹ֣
˹һ߸пһԨԺи档
㿴һڳΪԨ֮ǰʲôûоˣļԼҲûܽ⿪ء
ˣˡ
˹ҡͷԡ
Ԩͷһš
ʵԨҲģļڣɾ޷չ֡
λʱ֮Ȼܿ㣬ոջͼչ֣ȻǷ
ϧڲˣΪԴͻĽļ䣬֮ϣ̫ںķѾˡҲˣҪھظļ䣬ҪҴȫʢ״̬ҪҵʱС
ԣ㣬ǡ
˹ָӳ೾λ𣬰֮ĸ˵ȥʱɡ
˻һ䣬ʱʧֶܻ磬˼ת
򡡢̫ʼȻȻؿԨѯ
Ԩȥʱ򿴿
ʱ֮˹ص˵ֻлعʱ򣬽ʱп׷ݵΪԨ֮ǰǸʱΡ
ԨģĸоʵԨʱڣѾˡ
ԨԴꡢڰԴ鱾ǾʶͷΪӴ󡰻顱ڡ
ʵԨĽľˮǣ˴Դɢļ䡣
ξ䣬ƺĻ֮Դأ֮ԴܵԴƣʼδӿֳ䡣
˹أոչֵԨϣ
ȪͨݻԺ󣬴һάȵͶ˸Ӧ
λʱ֮ȴͨ׷Ĺʱյ谭
˹ػһеļ䣬֪еȥ
أ
˹ؿ֮ĸƳʶڵԴ顣
Ǿȥʱʶһ£Ϊ˷۷㣬ʲô֮ĸֻܵͷͬ⡣
ȻعԴͻĽͨˣĵkֻܺԨȡůˡ
ԨȥδkҲֻȥδ
Ǿ߰ɡ
ţǱ޴Һصʱ֮飬һͬڶȪ۵ڷȥ
Уӳ೾˹̧һָһҳֽš
˲ؿ˹صؽͣһҳֽڣʱŻ仺ʮĲ졣ͷСͨʱ֮ʮʱӦ
һ죬൱ʮ죬Խʡܶܶʱ䣬̵ʱռС
ֽڣµʱУҲȥ򡣡
ʱ֮˹أһΪ˱ӳ೾ӳ೾磬ҲԨԴɱˡ
һ棬ҲҪӳ೾Ϊ׵ʱ䡣
ܿⱾʱ֮飬ͽһԴ飬ͷԴޣȫȪڡ
˹شˣǡܷȥһʱ򣿡֮ͻȻѯʡ
ǣ
˹ؾȵؿͷԴޡ
类̹˹նɱԻ֮Ϊ編ԺʣµͷԴ޾Ͱ˺ܾá
ͷԴޣԴû̫Ľ飬ҲûбԴͬ˸˵
˿̣Ȼ˵Ҫȥʱ򣬺˹زҪ롣
ġ
ͣ˵ǵѪԴͷƺͳʵԨ
һ˵ĻĽ磬ͨһѪ⣬ܵȱ˹ؿһôġ

˹ص˵ͷͬǵҪ
Ǳǰʱͨ
ʱ֮˹ضⱾʱ֮ͷԴޣԨ𣬻д֮ĸԴȫס
Ҳʱ֮ڣһ˵ʱȥ
ʱȻָͨԨ׷ݳԨûȫ䡣



ڶǧٶʮ ʼ
Դ磬
к޼ʵĻʶھӨĺ֮Ŀٳʱգֱ֮ͨͷĳ磡
ǿ籴̹˹ҲɿֲĻʶ壬һʱ

ۺڶࡰ̳Ĺâ쵽һʱյʶԨı

ħ׷ʣ֪˹ǱߵĴ𸴡
Ԩҡҡͷüλʱ֮ͨһӦҵĹӣպҽнƺǺķ
ͣһԨֵҵӳ೾ҲҵͨˡŶˣһ﾿ײף
Ԩʱ֮ġ
ԣħȻһ߸ߴİãĿڱߣoİɣĲһ
ǸУصĴʼԴ֮񡣲֮񣬻ʱ֮ڼ˸ԵԴԺ󣬶ûʼ򡣡
ΪΣԨ
֮ʷٷݣʱ֮˹أȱ̹˹ҪǿԴ䡣
Դ飬ȴûٴ̤ʼ򣬾ôļɵԴ֮
ħԥһ£˵˵ʼڶԴĵ֮ءͨԴ飬ӶΪԴԴߣҽԴ֮أпܱk°Դ飡
ԨȻܹ
ˣ˵Ǹʼ󣬱ĻĽԴѪҲᱻ
ţ˵ġ
ħ˵ͷ˵ˡЩԴߣԴ֮ƿصʼԴȻٴٴζᡣܹ󣬱ΪߵԴ飬ԼˣkԺЩʲôɣ
ԨkǿܲǶᣬΪйߣֱĨɱЩԴ񣡡
ħΪȻҲΪΪЩõԴ߶ʼҲʱ֮񣬻֮񡣡
ħϸغԨ˵һԴ֮ڵʼжôء
˵һĹϴУʼڶԴͷ˵С綼ǴʼѶ
ħ˵ʼУΨһһԴ硢Ľ硢ԨҪء
ʮ磬ûһԴӴ󣬰ʱ֮ƿصʱ򣬻֮ͳεҲԶԶԴͻĽ
ʵħţ˵һ˵һ磬ƺʼΪʼ硣
磿ʼ磿ԨȻ
ħšһٴν󣺡ʼͽʼ磬˵ڶһ˵ʼ硣˵ϾǴ˵û취ȥ֤ʼ˴䣬ѳС磬ЩС类ƺΪͬ򡣡
ʼ磬ҲӽĳνΪ򣬱ƺΪʼ򡣡
ħϸ
ʼ磬ǵԴ磬ʼԴ硣֣ĪʲôϵԨֹ
ˣʱҲȥ㲻оһ̶ء
ħָ֮ڣƬɫĻ꺣뿪󣬻ǰ̶ء
͹׾̶ҲΪɫޱȣЩ΢
ԨŶ˶̶ؼΪأΪ̶ڶġԴ
ԴǵߵһɱԴúݵھӵλԪʵʻ
ıԴùϵǿߣΪʮ
ԴǺռһϯϯλ
˿̶ڵıԴڶ࣬ͳµߣʮ
ŪСԴޣŵ˵ͺͺݵıԴĳֹϵͷСԴ޵ĳɳҲԴ
ôԴʲô
Ԫ񣬺ħĴħܹʵʻʵʻԪ൱һȻףֵҲܼΪһ񽣡
㣬ħͱȲˡ
ħЩۣǺش̶еıԴΪֹҲŪݵıԴʲô

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ĬĬ֪
Ȼļ䣬Ʊġ̳
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ӴǻλһƬϼûԨѪ顣
ĶͷУȴһ޴л춴ǸȻܻķС
ǳľˮâڰֹǸĴ򣬾ͷͷġ춴
գͷԽ䣬Դļ³һصҺ塣
ҲǱԴ

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ٴδ̶أָܳӵĹ⻬һϤС
ϤģȻ̳ʮѪ̨֮棬ǿŴԨԴѪ࣡
ʲô
ħԣȻѯʡ
һͷΪĻ飬ʵԨԴԴѪΪܳĲԴѪӴҼԨԴǻ۳ڣ׳Լꡣ
ԨԴѪԴ꣬Ϊ֮
һȺݣ̩ǸΪӴءǻʵԨ⼳ȡǺ
޵еģûġ
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ƺԴѪԴʧ֮»ʵԨԼҲ˶䡣
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ԴܹǿǻۣúݵȻĽŸΪǿ޻ꡣԴҲھ޽ԪԪӵȻס
Ԩ

磬ʼ
һضӵĻ͸ȪƯڴᶶŻָƽ
ԣﲻʱ򣡡
ʱ֮˹أѩ׵ʥ෨ۣȻҫĿĹԡ
ʯӣµµתţǰϤİ磬ͻȻʧУԴ֮ʼ򣡡
һʱ֮ϵ˷׷ױɫ
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֮ĸûüȥ۲磬ȻֵkĴУ˸
ݣݣ
ڵkڣһЩµĴط·ʼģڶġ
ֲĴ֮ĸͻȻǣʱϲɫ

֮ԴһĻ꣬ԴĻ꣬׷״Ӳڷ룬˵ͷ
ĵ磬˷ӿ룬kǵĻꡣ
֮ԴĻ꣬ԴĻ꣬İʼʲôҲûиɣֱӾͿʼɱ䡣
ԨתڱգֻһȪ۴ڡ
Ͼ֪ʮڶȪۣѱԨԴֽţԺҪͨЩȪǿߣܻʧУͬĿĵء
ҲܣͬĿĵء
ƩoףڴȪʱԴ֮ʼ



ڶǧٶʮ ˾
Ԩ
ԴɱάأٵкӵȪۣڴ˷ĴȻҪһȷѪꡣ
˽ԴԴޣͨԴӦǵkĻɱĿꡣ
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ԴԴޣһ뵽ʼ򣬿¶ѡ
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ǿԴ֮Эʼ򣬵kΪΪ
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ʱ֮˹һӦϾҪ룬һ̶Ըô
ϸܴ˷쳣Ҫʱ֮飬ٴδߡ
֮ĸй֮Դ顢ԴĻ꣬һļƣͻȻǱʱ֮˾롣
˹һ£ЦôǲԸˣ
ԨĿ⣬Ҳڴ֮ĸλԴĻꡣ
򰵲صĴط򣬹֮غӲͬע뵽Դڣǿkǵõkӭµͻ䡣
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֮ĸ֣һҰɫĸʯԶǺٿȻ
k͹֮Դ飬Դ飬ʯ֮ϣ˲ͺ˹һͨǸҵȪ뿪ʼ
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ԴҲ󣬾ǻصһоů
Դһִʼ̬ȶʱı䡣
ΪصʼڵkǽһkǵõkǸܵ˴˵ص
ʼǵkԴʥأƺҲǵ֮أ
ԴҲڴˣǡСĵkĴڡ
Ԩڸոսʱᵽˣ˷ϤѪų
ԨλԴ꣬ԴԴѪˣԴԴѪ߼ѪԴӦ
Ȼϸϸ̽ҪԴʱλϢʱʧ١
ԴҲ֪ˣϿԼϢ޷Ѱ١
ܲôˣ
֮ĸһҧȵ٣kҲԴ顣ʼиΪصԴ֮飬kӦòҺ
Դ齫ϣԴ֮ϣԴ֮ܶסԴꡣ
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ƶʱ֮ʩչǬͨ桢軣̰֮һһţҲ򡣬壬ԯס
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
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ƾðʼһȪУס˵Ļع֮·ʼ

˹΢΢ɫܵ˼֣Ҳ

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˹ҪٴηԨͻȻСһ㣬Ӧۺϣ㲻Ҫ档
ԨϤԲ룬γɿֲķߵĴ
ͺǱڣȻȡġ
º˹ؽ֮󣬷ʱΣٱԴ
ңƾǸԴ𣿡
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ҷ׷׵ͷ
ԶĴ֮ĸ֮Դ飬Դ飬ؿź˹ء
ʱ֮Ŀֲںϵסλ峤ȻͬѰ
ʶأԴ齫˹أԨλԴȡ
һʱ䣬kǶֲ˹غԨԴ˭һˡ



ڶǧٶʮ һ
ҫͨڶԺȪ۵
ʱ䷨򣬻޵Ѥõ˺ѵԽԽ
ԨüһͻȻһθܵԴ꣬ܵ˵ĸ
ĸ͹Դֻɫͫk˿ƺԥ
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ԨȻɫʱ֪ǿ֮飬½Ҫˡ
ӳ೾Ǵħ񱴶̹˹ʱ֮˹Լȷ˵ʮǿڣʼԴ֮顣
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ԨҲΪ֮Ȼ
صƺоνɱ̰֮ʳ֮飬ĳλϵشڣ
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ԨɨһۣͷƬɫľߣڻǿվ޻ߣ̫֮
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ǰΪϽɭĻ֮񣬸֮ͨΪoǴ˽޳ڷԺһҲƺΪԴޡ
ѪţԨġ顱



ڶǧʮ Դʥ
ôˣ
У˹شˣôҲ
֮Ͻɭۼ軡ްͺ˹طʧأе֡
ϽɭɲǺ˹ش˵ʱ򣬶Դ֮ʼ򡣡ѡ
ʼ򣿣
֮ȻɫͻȻʶͺ˹صϣ˿ڷʲôˣеǾȻ
Ͻɭ־عֽУڳҪļơ

ɫľߺȻҽУϰɫƬڣʳɫѪ
ڣѱĻ֮飬Ҳͼ֮ӭ˸ա
ʼǹȻԴ֮ʼ򣡡
غա
ײк˹ڣʱ֮յʱ򣬶ԴϳԴԴǼܿʼ
ֻصʼ򣬱ǼԴǣпӭա
ߣߣ
Ƭɫλ֮϶źȻóص˽ΨһȪ۳ȥ

ײѤõ֮ϣʱ˻ۼеѪʵĸࡣ
ȻԶܺʱ֮˹ȣں϶ɵķܹ֮ġ
̲ģ֡ײΣ°ɫƬ롣
λ֮ϽɭƫִҪʼ򣬷شƺܿͻһغ
ڵĻ֮飬Ժܾͻ
ΰң
Ƥ棬ںͼ֮ͻȻԨȡ
Ԩ˵ͷ֮˲͵ͷ
Ѫһ̲֮Ѫ⾫ܣ͸
ڵƣգۼʱӿʢľֺͼ֮ͼλԴٴμ
Ԩİ治شܹ־õսȥ
ʼ򣬰ڵļ֮鸴תԨҲܰǣʹͼ֮սûܡ

ͻȻͼһ΢͵쫷磬ǻɳ
΢쫷ڣм֮ķڳʶ
֮ԨִԺۼù£ֱѡ롣
΢쫷磬ⲿһȻԶȥ
ɱ֮飬̰֮һȥʼĳЩء
лΰ
һĿͼ֮ȥԺ󣬲Ԩл
Ԩڰ֣ͷüʱ֮˹ء
оˣں˹ڸյʱ֮飬ǼԴΪֵǸ
Ԩôû£
˽Ժ˵Ĭr˿ֵشԨʵ֮ҲǼ˻ĽԴѪԴ飬ʼ׷ӭ˸գΪǸԴѪû춯
˻һԨҲú档
Ȼ԰ôû£
ԶǿʯϷĴ֮ĸҲһĺɡ
kκ˶飬Ϊ컯ִߣkȫ̼֤ԨĽԴѪĹ̡
񣬾˹ڵʱ֮飬ڽʼʱʼա
ΪԨƫƫȻ
ҲԨü
ȵȣ
뺷󺺵򡣬Ȼһ͵ֳɫǰӴ
ɫͫ¶Ťһج֮ɫ类ĳʶ֡
һͷԽĻƽһкû򣬾ͺ΢쫷磬ɱ֮顢̰֮㣬Ȫڵλ÷ߡ
κ򡶼ţ·аһ㡣

ˮ֮ǳͻİ壬еԯȫͬ״
⼸λǿߣͬʱʶŤңĳִкһһ뿪
Ԩոԯ㽫ԯͼһֳҵ̫Զ谵ǿƮŶ
̫ĹôҫĿںԶǺ˾ů
̫֮飡
֮Դ龪ţkԴ飬д֮ĸ뿴һ̫
ԨҲظоͻֳĳ̫УһǿԴ飡
̫ĺ󷽣һ֣һſǹʵǳ
ͷҲһλԴ顣
ЩȺ֮Уͬûһǳ֮飬ǳ֮ڲͬǳ֮ܿռơ
һ˲ڱǳ·ǳĳ֮
ȻԨ̸ܵ˽֮Դ飬ˮ֮Դ飬л֮Դ顣
֮Դˮ֮Դ飬Ϣİ֮ԴǺԴһ𣬴Ӻļף
򡣬壬ԯ⼸λǱ˽Դٻ뿪
ʼ򣬲Դ֮飬ӵڶԴ飡
ʵԨУйĽľˮԴ飬ԴͻĽûг֡
δϵʼȻҲ
ԴʼõԴԴ޼Դ飬ӭպת˵عȻԴʥء
ȲҪǣ౻ٴζᡣ
ĬrۼԨʱ׼ԯЩһæֹֻ𣬶ԴԴޡٻǵԴ飬ǲûޣֻչ
ʱ֮˹غӳ೾˵ĹؼҪ
Ĭr侲ѡ
ԨŤͷȥͼߴİãͷʱ֮ӰڣԺ󻺻ֹ
Ӱڲڶ
Ǳеʱ֮飬ƽ̯˺˹صǰӺ˹ͫȥâ׷ʱ֮飬Ϣʱ֮顣
нâʱ֮ʶͷ
ͺ˹صⳡսͷŵԺȻû˹أɱ˹ء
˹أڼôϤеֶκ
ؾͷҲλʱ֮ûޡ
ʱ֮˹أȻͨŽΪԴ񣬿ɺ˹ܹΪڶĵ̵Ŀɲֻ
˹صĸԴȴʱ֮ӵ˼£ĳַԽ
ȵʱ֮ʶ㣬ľھ£Ժͨͺ˹صսΪʱƬ䵽ʱ֮顣
һҳڲСء
ӳ೾ŲãգڸռУҲĥһЩʱ䷨
ݣ
ʱâҳڵС磬ΪһȭͷСĹ
ڣԼɼһģӰӡ
˭
еӳ೾Ȼ֪䣬֮͵ʲô
ռУв͸ĿռնϣԸµʱУΪһ˹ء
ڵӰӴݳѶ
ӳ೾Цҡҡͷ˵Ҳ
ʱ֮顣
ڵʶ˵
٣ҪΪһ˹أҾҪʱ֮顣ʱ֮飬ѵҼ㣿
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ЩҫĲɫۣһľһӿռ֮һʳʱС
һҳֽţǱصʱ֮飬Ȼֳ⡣
ȥӳ೾ˣĬrȵ
ԨһҪʱ֮Уͷʱ֮ɱ

ʱ֮ٴκ£ɢݳһȦȦĹΣͼ˹ȥ
ʱĺ˹أڻʱ֮־ңƴԼ
Ԩԥ󣬺Ȼ͵˺˹صǰȽ˹ץסԶ˳һĻ֮񾾳
ͷųѤùεȪ۵ڲӵⲿ
ΨһⲿӵȪ۹ţκ˽ӽֻ롣
ԨȻЦԷǵĸо
ڻĽʱһԨ춴ڶȪۣ׼ɱo
ڣԨ춴ΪǿʼΨһȪۣҲǴɱⲿo
䣡¡
ڵȪȻֲޱߵܣһԨδܹ޷է֡
ƺܹ۸ˣܹ֯δ
ڶδܱ䷽ʽ˵򣬰Ĺޣ·ƿ֮У
ʷٷݣ
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֮ˣ
һǸоˣԤе˻нѣԣ
˹شδػ䣡
棬軺ͲͷԴޣӿ֣Ҳʱ



ڶǧʮһ ǿԴ
֮ʷٷݣڶУݵλں˹֮ϵĳȻڡ
̫̫˿ڵĴ˵
˵ڶУһõԴˣӶΪߡ
˵ҲǵһԴ֮Դ˶Դߡ
˵ͳԴԴޣıˣܹԴūۣٹһ
һȫصΡ
Ȫ֮ʷٷݣñоΣڵϦˣȻ侫
һܵλӿ֣˹ضˣͷԴҲȻĹǡ
㾹ȻҲˡ
˹һԨ˵ûˣȻˣӦþûˡ
ʷٷԴԴ޵䣬Ҳ峤
λŮˣеĵλͱ̹˹Դ൱
ܹԴƺ⣬ѪȺҲ֮ϽɭȺ֮ݲѡ
ݹϵĴ˵֮ǵһԴ˼Դ鷽ຣǿߡ
֮񣡡
ԨĿ¶ڴһ˲ƵؿȪۣҲһλǿԴ
䣡䣡
Ȫ۱ޱܣըֶ֪ٿ֮δ͸ͿҪݻ
ԨҲΪ֮𺳡
˹ûʱ֮ûԴ֮ĺһţͨʱ֮飬ںĽ̴һͨʼⲿͨ
ʱ֮˹أѾԨޱȣпoǿ
ʷٷȴֵĸΪǿ׺
δ٣һ˱ȪɢԴǧٿס
ԴͻĽ磬ܹƵߣֻͱ̹˹
ңƿҲںԺ

дƬƬѤ÷类˺ѿĲɫĻ׷ΧȪ۷裬һڻʧ
ǱڰԴһͽЩ˺ѵķkڡ
ԴھܵؼСˡ
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ͷԴڵԴ鶼ˣ֮ϽɭҲҪڵԴᡣ
£ԨȻãûѵıҪ
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˹һ㣬ڶУ˲⡣
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˹ضʱ֮ĲдʶԣȫƳͫǱʱ֮顣
Ǳƽʱ֮飬һҳԵú޵ֽţ˹ط·Ƽʱ֮Ժ󣬹ƻӳ೾޹Ļ档
ʵڵĴ񣬶ҶԶûʲôӰ졣
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ڷɹԺ󣬻εػһʱżʱ֮飬õλ˵¡
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ֻʱ֮ڣʵԸģ֡
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㰡ӣҲΪˣҵŻѡ㡣㣬б̹˹ǺܺõСһ
Ǹº͵֡

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ǰڰĻ֮ϽɭȪðͷʱͻȻסĻ֮顣
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ʵݱָǵ֮񣬷Ҳǽɫ̻硣
Щһ̤˸ҫĹâ·ǻһζ
Ԩһͷɫϵ磬ڶԴУиѪ¡
磬һУһѪ͸Ժӡڷ۱档
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д嫶صƺһָܴ۸˵ˣ߲֮
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ˣ
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ոյ쳣ƺֻǵϽɭĴ·ʲôû
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һͷԴ޲ض㣬Լǵù
ǣʷٷܹǲǴ뿪Դ飬ܹǱˣ

ǿűȪƮŵľ޴̫ʷٷݵȻԭ·ء
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ڳ̫ûĻ谵һµĹâȺǹҲ
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ʯȥķ򣬾һ̫عҲȺ֮ء
ԨȻʯϷŰ˶ԹŮ
ܶԴ
֮Դ龪Ž͡
֮ĸԴ飬֮Դ飬̫֮飬ºǳڶԴ֮ԶʷٷݣΪʷٷݵϣkǸܵͬϢ
ֻлɱڶԴߣž߱ĿֲϢԴǷ׷ױá
ʷٷݲΪ⣬ȫȪԺƳһۺصʱ֮顣

ʱ֮ڲ磬ǰӳ೾ʱ֮飬ӳ೾ڵҳ磬뵽ҳС
ʱ֮龲Ưţʱ֮ȴǱĳһҳֽŲðͷҲ¶Ϣ
ʷٷǰʱ֮룬ȥʼӦĹޡ
Ҳڿ־ʷٷݣҲʷٷݻӶȣһǼɫֱۣӾʹ



ڶǧʮ ں
ʷٷݵԴ飬ô֮ĸ̫֮׷ױá
ʱ֮Ǳعӵʱ֮飬Ҳ¶ϢǱһҳֽֱʷٷݾ쵽
ֻǣ޷֮ӡ
ʷٷһ˫ɫͷųĹâ׼ȷʱ֮һҳֽţ˹أٴμں𣿡
˹Ȼ˼仰⡣
ʱ֮еһҳֽͻȻһ£·ʱ֮ڷ
ҿ԰㽫ĴںۼȫĨɢڣΪһ塣
ʷٷɤºͣ˵Ļȴ飬ƺҪʱ֮顣
˹سĬƬ̣ᶨػҡͷϣܻš
Ǻá
֮ǣ¶һ˿Ц⣬ڣˡ
ʱ֮ûҳػ˻֣ǻӶϾȡ
һ΢ɼϸϪӣȻЮʱ֮ʶһµҳɳʱʼĳȥ
ʱ֮ʵ̬ȻҲһصĹӣ̲ʱС
ͷ˿ϸʱϪӣʱ֮ӳϲã˹ǸпǽԴϲ
ϣʱ֮߶ȣʱ֮ڣҲܽӡ
ĳλʱ֮ʵѳԽʱ֮顣
ͺá
ʷٷץصϾȣվȪǰɫԶĳ
ԣûһƬѤĻƺֻҪȪۣ˶ܴʼȻȥ
ԨԴ꣬ʼΨһȪֽţԺ󱻲ˡ
лٴԮ֡
˹Թлжǳ羴֮⡣
ͷԴޣҲں˹صлʱһε
ִԺ󣬾û֮o룬ȪۣĨԴֽš
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ʷٷݵȻһЦ
Ԩе棬ʷٷݺͺ˹һҲ֮ͨԴ
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ԴĻڶȪͨһĿռ֮졣
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ԨԼϤУʷٷȥԴ硢Ԩһݺò
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Ԩϸɫͫ·𿴵һƬƬ޴ӰڱջţĽӼ޾
ʼȥЩ磬Ѿںʼн棬ҪȪ۵ĴڣЩʼҲΪһ塣ҲԤʾţԴջصkͷųȥ磬͵kЩԴ顣
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ȻԨ֮ηίصͺƺʷٷݸ״
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ʷٷοһ䣬Ҫ£ְ
߰ɣǻһԨԴ꣬Сʼλˡ



ڶǧʮ ԴĲ²
أ
СԴһشɫŨƣСԺ
һۿȥ·Ҳһķۡ
ŨƷӿţڶϸĹ˸ĵ磬ڷһϺεƺһΪ׺顣
ϢϺʱڣʱͷ⣬
ԨüһĿɫ
ܿóͷСԴ޵ɫεĹ˸ĵ磬֮ʷٷݷϵص֮
˵СԴʷٷϣ˲ٺôԲŶʷٷôǡ
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ĺ˹أӹͷǹǣ㵵ʷٷݵԶȥ
Ƭ̺Ȿޱȵʱ֮飬һյƽ½أе˺Դ޶ţʷٷ׷˹ȥ
ѾͶʷٷݵͷСԴޣƽطʱƵƵͷԨ
֮ȴûлͷ
ͽ
֮һΰлԴͷСһȻҲǴǸģȥҲ֪㣬Ȼѡʷٷݴˡ
·֮ᣬּæʷٷݴˣһһ룬лѪţϣ
軺̰֮Ҳͷʾ͡
˵ʱɫ̬Ļ֮ϽɭԨͻȻҡ
ʲô澪ȵ
Ͻɭޣڼ˻֮ԺҲǽΪԴޡ
ڴ˷磬۵ϽɭޣĻ飬ֻҪܼһԴ飬ᱻͳһƺΪԴޡ
ҵѪԴͷ񣬺񡭡
Ͻɭ֧֧أԨ֮
ڵ֮ģͻȻ쳣ųѪ⡣
Ԩ
ԨУӦѪر͵ϽɭڵӡǣȻҲ̫ƺغϣ
ߡ
ԨԺֳ޵УڻǿվޣֻߺλΪ֮İɫߣӡǴŴغϡ
ҵѪԴͷҲ㡣
Ͻɭڹǿ־أǰԨ֣̫ˣͲϳôҲ˵ͨ
ҲڴʱСԴͷϵʷٷͻȻתһۡ
Ԩһݣܾλص֪֮ܶܡ
ǲԸ˵


Ԩıʱû̶ڣµĲֱԴû
ԡڱԴУԱıԴľ򣬴ӱԴʮߵġ̳͸
ʱҲһЩĻ棬·Ԩڡ
֪ǰŵԨǳʼɣΧ̫ת
ǳΧ̫תĹ켣һȻķ̲
ⲢΪͣһУȻܱĹɡ
ŵǻ꣬׹ĳƶĴؽȼգ̬
ȼյĴУɽʯ׵䴷ٱջ
У棬׵磬ʯأʵ洦ɼȻۣҲɣγɰķ켣
ʵԨУûѪǰǳ£ľˮ
ЩĻʯֺ˳ӦȻܱڶĹɷ
һ磬ʱ⣬Ȼɵ
ݣݣ
̶ڵıԴУڶȻķһֺԨ̳ڵصһ̳֡ûеģ漰ľˮǣͻ̳Ĳͬ档
һֲ䡣
иطҲûĹ;磬ӡࡣ
̶ڵɫԴԽԽˡ
ħ񱴶̹˹һĬĬţ̶ڵıԴԨɣԨѪġ̳
̶ڵıԴԨλʱ
ͻȻۣħ˵νĴһҲȻܱ
ħͷʾʲô򣬲˵
Ԩ˵
ԨԴ꣬ͳݵ壬̤ⲿǺӣҲͨݵǿռ鼰ԴǿյȻ򡣡
ǿ߸ЩȻ͸еľʱ򣬵kҲͻһȻľ򡣡
ͣһԨͷ̶أͷʧıԴ
Դ飬ƺҲ縺ͬʹԴĽףͻƣҲͨڲͬ磬ռǶӦģȻĴ׳󡣡
ں֮УԨͻȻһʵԨԴ飬ɼŵǳľˮԨȻġɣνԴҲΪ͵ģȻ
ǣƺǱͷųȥģڸȥռЩȻĴ򡣡
ͺԴͳ壬ԴڣǴصش
ħͷ˼ʱԨٵͨԴܵģǸѾŵԨûԴȻĻ档Դ飬ƾճֵģƺһӾԨˡ
ҪȥʼҪͨԴ֮ҵ𰸡ħⷬĸģԴ鲢ȻǱΪ͡ôԴ֮Ȼ룬ʼʮа˾žԴĳ
˵Դ֮Դ飬Դɢڸ磿Ԩ
˵k벻˭
ЩԴ飬ѵǴʼԨٵ
Ҫ취ȥʼ򣬻Ҫ죡
̸ʱ֮ǿա
ಣಣ
һӰ̩ǵʱ֮Ÿ֣ǴӿҫڶĶѨ̤
Щ˵Удʥħ½ǿ̫飬磬˪죬櫺Ǳ
ǿߣ氲Ԫ
޲ף͹꣬Ⱥ͵˿壬Щʮǿߡ
ڿռ֮άԴշָƽԺǿڻؾۡ
Ϊ˶ԨԴ꣬һΨһ룬ַֽ׷׹
ΪյϢ˵Ԩ˺ݣԨԴˣռ˺֮ġ
壬ħԨ壬ǿվޣĽޣѪԴͷ˿ȫָԨ
ȻkԶ룬ôԴǿҪŪ𰸣ֻԨ

Ľǿٿһæֵ
ֵɲԶС˪֮˪˪ȴǿһ
ں֮ġ
ֵָ˺ݣԼ˪̫һ䡣
֪
Цݴأ˵Һҵĸףܹ깵֪ͨ档
ֵɲٶԡ
ͻȻһ䣺ڻǲġ
о粻֪ǳֵɣнΪļ˪䣬ߣѳ֮һǿ
ǵkԶ޷ع飬ֽԴͻĽ磬ڱһϯ֮ء
ֵûȥӰ櫵Ļǿǰû
һ£ҡҡͷȻܲпʵ
Ļ֮ԴͷԴȻӦԨ̳ʱڴʧˡ
λĹ˺ΪΣΪ˸һеĺԶԴȥش
ֲкնʱڵԨԨһԺѹ
䶨Ժ󣬴ԨԴ˽磬һ˵ؽԶľ֧ѡ
ԨԨͷϴ
ˡ
ֵɱͲƴЩ飬˵ͷҲͲẫԶ
̸ǰǱߣͼ˪ûһܿڵǿһƬ
̫鵽氲ǰлҳ˵ڸл氲Ԯ֡
͹޲Ǳߣ俴ͣյĳޣﻹǲ

һͻȻ˺ѵռ϶Уظֳ߲ϼķǰðͷ
ĸ״ˡ
һϲɫ֡
ŰȻʱкϵĹкͰͬʱ¶
ֳԭ鲻ѵţķУǶ˼ºʹȰʵû°ɣ
û¡
ãû¾ͺá
һֱעź֮ĵĶڴԨԴԨħ񾭹һսܹû˵ĵԺת
Ϊǰߵط֣ҲȫλرԨѹƣԽԨɽ
ŮԦŷŮݣҲ԰ˡ
ͻȻ־ȵھ綾֮ϣ˳Ľ

ɫ컢ܴյĵ̤Ź˵뿪Ժ󣬻Ľ緢˴䡣
ȥŴĿռoһɫƤͽȫ
ûԨǰȵĻ
ûиûİеޣѪˮ
˵©͵͵˺ݣͼԽص谭ҵħ̹˹̸Ԩ
Ӧõġߵʱ֪ʱһֵġ
ƲƲ죬һ͸˵ļơ



ڶǧʮ 
Ŀǰڷ򡣻ĽЩޣдҲǱߡɫ컢ʱʱݡ
ʱĺݣİҲϤء
磬ѪսڽҪˡ
컢Ȼ̾
硭
ɫӵأŲԶĺݣ¶ǵѪԴͷڻĽ磬ǵĹ磬ʼնǺݡ
컢ͷ
ֽĺݣ˵Ԩʹħ񱴶̹˹ûļ
׵ȥݲٱ渲ǣҽĻߣڴӺݴ粻Զ롣
ѵ磬Ҳع鱾ǵء
ɺݴ˿̵Ĵңų츴ӣ֪Ԩʹħ񱴶̹˹ûлٵݵĸš
ڶԵkͺݵľηƲգ˻δǷء
֮⣬ֻ޵Ĳʵ֮˹֮ȣԴǿߡ
Ȼûһ˸ҽݣֻڱصȺϢ
͹޲ףʥħ½뿪󣬱ƯڸǺӣҲǾ䣬ֶˡ
ͷǿվ޾ۼڼ˪ڵǿԣؿš
ȴЩʲô
氲ЩԪǿߣҲɵţ֮£ŰɱǶȡԴ
ЩˣʵȦͷѴӻĽ롣
һ¡
ţĴĵãͻȻԨĴѶ
˽ɢ߲ϼĵǰЩӲ
֮ġ
Ԩɵŵ
Ƭ̣ΥԨΪܾԨʱͲ
һ˺֮ġ
컢ǿ㵵ĿУǣС֣ΪɫâͻȻ˺ݴ硣
Ƭ̺·ΪһɵâھӨ͸ĺ֮ġ
ħ񱴶̹˹һ˼ı飬վڵ̶ԡ
Դ곲Ѩ̶УԨȶҺڱԴڿԺλ
ۼҲˣԨɫ΢䣬õ˵û㽫һ
ɷ̫࣬˼ޣҲʱɱŲ䲻ȵؽһ䡣
ħЦ˼޵ľ㡣˽֪ѾͷԨĹϵ˭ʱɱ
ҷҪĸһģ
סŵ֣Сд˾ǿжŵά
ȻҲɵ֪ǵԨɱ֡
ûѾͷ
ǿű纮ģݳһ˿ů⣬ҲС֡
ʱ뷴ĵ֧ں֮УͷԲԨԻ
Ϊ۷һСشڣ̶ͨԨƣ֪Ĵħ񱴶̹˹ҲǰԨĶ֡
֪ĽǱһԨҲĿֲǿ
ƵԨԴѴ˽磬ı·ˣԲǴħ񱴶̹˹ǾҪûԨ
֪ʲô
˶װ򶨣䵭ʡ
ͷСԴޣ㵽ģУô֪Դޣô֪ҪԱԴΪʳԨеĴ
ʵԨԺ߲õԨԴҲһš
żͨĲ䣬á顱ڹܣҲӦӵеһͷСԴ޵ӡ
ܹŪͷСԴޣԨ˵һֱǸδ֮ա
ȥһˣ
Ųʡ
Ԩͷ˵Һһҵ֮ͨһӣݵؽҷǱߣҲмͷ飬ӦҲǴǵȥġͷСԴޣǱˮͨɱ׳󡣡
ŷ¶ĵı飬૵û¾ͺãֻҪţҾԶ
ң㾿ôŪģԨһͣһ㲻ҪңԺϣֱȥѹļ䣡
ң
էֳ֮ɫ
ˣ˷Ѵҵʱ䣬ͷСԴ޵̹˹Բ
˵ǻš
һҲԼ侲ЩŤص˵ξкȻõʾ·һ㣬֪˹Դ޵İأһȡԴ޵Уǻ𣿡
Ԩüһţ
Ҿ֪㲻ţһʱҾû˵ʵΪԼҲ޷ţ
ԼҲ޷ţһĳһ̲ѪʱԺ˯ڳ˯ʱҷ·𿴵һڽɫεӰӡ
ǸŮ˰ɣû취ȥȷϣɾɫӰӣҺԴصİأԴ޵һС
Ÿһ˼Ĵ𰸡
ԨɫӲҲһȻҲĸǹԨ
ĿżܣԨԴͻĽ磬˭ܹʱΣܸ֪Դ޵ķ
šΪ̫ˣԸ˵Ļ
ϵģħ񱴶̹˹ڳĬԺͻȻԴ磬Ľ磬ŵԨҵУһ˻ܹϺţʷٷݣһ˱ƺΪ֮񡣡
һУͷСԴ޵ģӦþˡ
ʷٷݣȻҵ硣
̹˹ͻȻŪһͷСԴޣԺݵıԴΪʳʳԬС
ʲô
ڶУħҼɵԴʵֻʷٷһ
ʱ֮˹أȻҲǰеη
ΪܹԽ˹ء
ֻص֮ʷٷݣλһԴūۣҲǵһԴ飬ԼԴϵΡڣŻûףе;η
ħû뵽ʷٷԴ磬ܽӴ
벻ǣͷײǿСԴޣȻġ

Ľ硣
ԨںѪγɵӴƽſǿյڹǺХ
ı¡һշ塱ϸŷ־컯塣
һĽԨĺХԽǵصʶ쫷ɨǺӣѰŴ˽صܡ
뿴һûƻ֮³͵ʯûδȥͨ
Ůͨʯ񣬾Ļ֮³ͣӲŪȪһ´
ִ¡
Ѱһ򣬲ûиӦʲôʲô򣬴ſԺӵĿռ쳣
죬߿ֲһҴ
ˣµߣߣ
˷һſǳϣҴޣлĽǿߣ˹ǺӵԨϢѹ׷׷İ
Ǳջֲ̿оĩʱήٵɥ
ԨĵƺζʣЩ򣬶̾Ѫ
ڻĽдУӴߵĴʡ
ͻȻԨɢĺƵʶи֪˲Ůʡ



ڶǧʮ ֮ͷ
ԣܶʱ񷣬Ԩ˫ͫ
Ŀԣ·ĻĽλ־֣ľ󻯺졣
Ԩ·һƬİǺУɢǳϣŹص档
ˡ

Ѥõԣ೤һ㣬ڳ˵ͷֹ
ƫ˴룬ݼŹϵĳˣŰյĹԡ
΢΢ۿԵԴ֮ء
Ӵ󵽲󣬼ռ˼󲿷ֽԨܵϢһѹ
ſڼ߿յԨͷź޼ʵѪҫĹԣĽ
һſǳԨ·һС
֫Ԩ·һģܽ·ĳһǳΪ촷ۣ
Ȼпѵ˳̶𣿡
ϵԨĸоУĽԴ綼Ѵ֮
ңЯѪԴλƺ֮׾ٵ¿ٳȫµأΪǿǻ飡
Ԩİ
ݣݣ
֮Ѥõĵĵ磬Ԩ̲޾С
ִĦ;綾ذµĳˣޱԶϢİԶ
ʵͿԨ
ڲа֮ǳ𡢾綾ԨȻųϢһʱ
Ԩȸ֪ģųǿߡ
۾ܿյԨôܺԡ

ԣţһû
ԨӴѸٷŶҲڽڵĶ
һƬ͵Ļһ㣬ԨΪϿӹڵִǳʱϢ
·Ľдڶ飬һӶ
ǿսʿʹޣڴʱԣҲϰ㲻һᡣ
ЩͷӹʱԷţڵѪкԴͷָƣġ
˽ԴͷǱĻĽԴѪֻһѪԴ
ĻĽ֮Ԭ뱻ͷСԴ޻ɱʳˣһԴѪҲɼĽ˵Ѿûʲôܡ
ӴĻսͣ¡
ĽļĿ޺ӵش·ǳ紫
ǿ˶ͷ­ڲŮʳ˵У̩һ㡣
ü΢ƺһֱԨﲻ̫
һԨҲѹ̫Զϵ
ಣ
ͻһԨ˶ͷ­ͫɳ˳Աߡ
̬Ԩ𡱵һĻפ
ڴˣ
µԨڳǳͣסʵ
û뵽ֲܼѪ⡣
Ůûлش⣬ǹ۲ǰԨи߿ޱ޼ʵһԨѪ˵ԨԴѪУȫˡ飬ʵԨĿֲѪ⣬Ҳһ
ԨЦЦҲܽм
⣿Ȼ
ҡҡͷԼҲûŪԨû˵ȥ˵˼ٵ㲻޹ʴ㶨Ȼʲôֶ԰ɣ
˻ָԶΪĽ֮ͷ
֮ͷ
Ԩһ˳ƿָ֮
Ůʱµİָ˿ָ֮أڼ
һ޼ʵĹ֮أ֪ôûκڵļ
ԨʱԸ֪ʶ쫷磬ڼɨˡ
ȻҲע⵽ˣ˳ƺΪĽ֮ͷؽ磬ĸ֪̽ѪܣʲôҲû쵽
񵱳Ԩ춴Ĩûǳûз磬ûпûۿɼκ
ޣûһ˿һûƮĻ꣬ûһʯͷҶ
ŵʵԨУֻǲһ˿ѵǳкǳƬۺһġ顱ʬݻٵĺۼвԫϱڵķ湬
ָ֮ͷޣԵ֮أԨֻܹһΡ
˵û֪֮ͷжôҲû̽е
Ľ֮Ԭ룬ǡԴѪƺҲ֪˵ص졣
˶仰󣬳Ԩߡ𡱵ʾһ£ǣ֣Ƭ֮طȥ
ӴĻǸԨһ˫ͷɫ൱ʯҲشν֮ͷ
Ԭ룬ԴѪ֪˵
ʶһĻĽԴѪڣѰҺʹ˷֮صļ䡣
ȻһƬհף
ԴѪŻĽ磬Ԭ룬ǰĻĽ֮ӦýĽ֮أ͸ϸ
ƫƫƬصأûʲô̵ļ䡣
Ԩ컯֮У֮ĸ
Դͷ͸ţһֱɽĴ֮ĸͻӦˣ֮ĸںϵλ֮飬ԻĽ֮ͷͬҲûʲô˽⡣
е֡
ԨֹȤˡ
ǺֵһطǺûʲô֮ͷ͸֪ģһǺ޵ĻΧǿܻȻȻС
еεĴ֮ĸںԨŹͨԨ˼
Ԩ룬ֵk˵ľǳ
򱻡Ԩ춴ȥ󣬸ЩעС
ʱжϣǧԺٴγǺܻǳ
˴˿ǾߡǰĻĽ֮ͷȴȫͬ
ǺȻûһ˿Ƭޡ
Ҳ˵Ľǿߣ̽Ƭν֮֮ͷصأޱȴһûκδڣ֪жôĹ֪ʲô̲ء
Ԩ𡱵ʹļ򣬵޵֮ͷ
ԺԨ𡱵ȷܲһ˿
ͷųȥĻʶͷǾ֪̽㣬Ҳ޵ĴţɸоԶޡ
޵֮ͷûطĴڣܶС
ûвûзչȥĸ֪Ķǿյޡ
úøо
˺Ȼһȡ
Ԩ㶣ߡ𡱵ûʲôо
ȻǾʵӴ컯еĴԴ飬ȴͬʱ춯
ν֮ͷڲŮڣİʶڸգ
һ
һʶƺԨϤģ֮˹ɱľ綾֮顣
һʶ͸ĻϢ
ʶڳ˵ꡢѪอ֮У鼰ѪСǳҪصɾۼ
һʼʱԨΪǻ֮³֮ͣȣҪͨɸ֮١
ϾԺ󣬳ǵѪ⣬൱ڡԡ
ɺܿ죬Ԩ֪ġ
ڳڴ˿ӿֵģҸȼģȻǱ³ͼĻ֮飬Ӧñȼľ綾֮飡
Դͼļ³ͺˣǾȻɴڣ
ԭoľѪУһֱԴĺۼǴû͸
Ҳ֪Ϊʲô
üͷҲǸе󲻽⣬֮ҽƬ֮ʱļ³͡ȵľѪУ¶Ż𡢾綾ϢʶɢҪؾ
⣬Ԩ𡱵˷֮صԭ
ٳû뿪Ľ磬һֱڴ˵أҲΪ顣
ڴŪࡣ



ڶǧʮ ̳
ʼ򣡡
ԨԺУͻȻĳ֡
ԴͻĽһֱ˳ؽ̹˹˵ģڶ֮Ľ֮Ҳһ
˵УܹԴԴڵԴ飬ٴθת֮أΨԴ֮ƿصʼ
ɳ˺˿ڵľ֮أֻǻĽ֮ͷ
ǣĽν֮ͷԴ֮ͳʼŽ

ǾӴ컯壬ڵ״ԴĸգҲƬ֮طȥ
ܿ죬ڲĴԴ컯壬ͣڳԱߡ
Ԩν֮ͷǸоꡣ
֣Ҿڤڤ֮У·ʲôң
Ҳǣ
֮Դ飬ľԴ飬׷Ԩkǵĸܡ
ΪԴĵkǣ˰˷֮أһӱķ֡
˷޵컯壬ƺܵʲôָ㣬Ȼڴ˷ƮţѰٻkǵǹ
һĻԨͳ˶Ŀɿڴ
ͬһʱ䡣
̶ԨŵĿУħͷƶУ֪ͷСԴޣп֮ʷٷݰ
ڻĽ쳣ʵ֪Ϻͱ̹˹֡
ĽƬصأʼȻڹԴܹ֮͸Ƭ֮أħͷͻȻܣܹƬ֮أѰٵ̤ʼ·
ֹţʼԴ֮飬֮ʷٷݣ
оŪΪ˼µţҲȥһ磬ʲô֮𰸡֪֪Դ޵УŪСԴͨʵʲôĿģ
СԴȥ򣬴ԨԴҲȥˣͻȻҪٻͻƣϣء
ʲԷĻԶԨԽ̹˹ħɽ
ҵǾѸĴԴ컯壬Ǿ֮طšĴԴ鶼ܵһٻ»Ľ֮ͷпܺʼŽӴ㣡
ԨҲͻȻ˾
ʱ̶һֱԴҲڡ

ʼ
֮ʷٷݣԱ˳СԴΪڴ˷Ǻӡ
ƬȺǱâ貣¸Ǻӣܿͱ˵ִ
ʷٷһƬڶǳУѲǳ֮Ĵڼ
һֳҵ̫ͷŹȣ¹ҲȻ͡
Ȼ̫֮֮飬֮С
ʼǱԴ磬Ҫĳ磬̫ڶࡣʱ֮˹أʱ֮ϵԨһ䣬ֵУеԴʼܹɻġ
Ĭrһ㶣ƶ
š
˹صȻЦ
Ԩ棬ԴԨЩԴ飬һɵػҪһŵkǻ
λֱֻݣɼȡǿתΪܣݿ
ʱԴѪҲҪͨѪ磬ԴѪ½Ǻгû
֮ĸԴͷ֮Դ飬ľ֮Դ飬Ҫô컯ڲҪôӴĽľΪ塣
ԴͻĽԴţ׶ᶯҶҪر
ʼԲ̫һ
ʼԴǣԵüΪɣҼ֮飬ɱ̰֮ʳ֮飬ʲô壬ԡĽԴ޺Ʈߡ
ҲӻĽ͹֮Դ飬ֻһĻ̬Ҳܻ硣
ʼ򣬱ϾԴʥغ˹ٴЦ
ͷСԴͻȻͣ£ΪʷٷݣЦȥɡ
ʷٷݴСԴͷתźʱ֮ϵˣƬвٵȻ˵ûãԴ޻Ǵġ
˵ʱСԴޱһŵɫǳ
һУر㱻˺ѿֱ뵽ǿŵɫǳĵײٳһЩľ飬͡ꡱس
Щ쾧УȻˮ֮ԴͷϢŷˮ֮ͷСԴ̳Էʽɡ
ͷСԴ޺ܿͳ˸⣬ȥٽһǳвɼһӲӵĽ
̲ܵĽҲСԴ޴õسԵ·˱Ӳ
СԴޣôһسԣ׺ǿڽǧ
ԨѪϢĸ֪ڣǰɢѪ⾫ܸ֪ⷽİʼǺӣûᵽļ
Ҳûע⵽Щǳ֮УȻ챦
ҲĲժЩ챦ʱСԴ޳ԵҲˡ
ͷСԴޣʳǿ⣬Ȼܲʳ챦лȡ
㣬桢軡͵ϽɭĽѡ
ͬԴޣǿûԨ˵
ȷظ֪ԨΪ顱ѪԴڣ߱ͨԵؼ챦ܴмȡѪͳ
ҪʳѪǿʳֱӳԽ;飬ƺѪ֮⡣
У軡ҲУСԴȴԡ
ǲһڲͬ
֮ʷٷݣСԴޣǳζ΢ЦԱˣҲǽга
ԣ˹ضһ⣺ʲô
֪ˡ
ʷٷûϸ˵СԴΪڹʼ衣
ڼ䣬ͷСԴķݺʾ£һ·ڲʳָ챦ȫ
˹شˣʼѵûУǻȺ
ԨͻȻʡ
һ·ܺȫͬ
ʼУûзκǻȺĴڼ;ǳ½أܿԴӰ
ʼ򣬻Դ֮ڴˣôûȺ
˵ںǰû˶üԴʱʼǻġǸʱڣʼǻ飬ⲿǻ飬ܹõԴľΪ١˹ΪʱĿǰʷٷݡ
ۼʷٷû˵ȻǸʱȻԴūؽжᣬǵء
ͣһ˹Ȼʷٷݴ˸ı֣
μԴԺ󣬾ʹ˼ԴķڶУ㱬һҡԴǣ׷Դ飬ԴԴӿ֡
ⳡҲ漰ʼԴ֮鶯ŭԺʼӭ
˹̾һԴжȻģһ˳
գԨ˼˼ʼ
СԴޱǿˣɢĿֲϢ⼸ͷԴ޽е
ʱʱأͷһԴޣЩԴޣʶҪԨһ㡣
СһԽԽˣ
ʱ֮˹ضЩ
СԴŤͷʱ˶Ԩɱ־ηеѪ飬·𶼱Ϊ
һӡ
׵
ĳȻУҲ֪Ǽǿ־壬ȵҵ뵽ʼˣ
֮󣬗軣ϽɭвûʱҲ׷׾
ִƵ磬ںʼΪһ壬Ϊһoǣʱоˡ
һӡ
ʱ֮˹أ쵽ʱҲ˽ʱСԴΪ֮ʷٷݣһͣ
ͣһûб߼ʵǰ
Ⱥ貣ڶ࣬۷ʤ
ЩǳʵģҲǣڶۣƺŲͬԴ顣
ˡ



ڶǧʮ Ǻ
֮º͵ɤէһ˿ζ
֮ϣΡڣվǰǰƺҲĵС
Ƭĺɫ˸ζɫʡ
·ǣ֮أ׷֮أĳּС
ৣৣ
һĿ˳ǰһԼޱСؼֵĸܡ
ʱ֮˹أҲԵЩʧ૵˵еԴ֮أ
ԨһĻȻһ
ƬУֹǳŴ½صʯеĽɫɽȻʵϪӣһƬƬܿںˮڵӴľ
νǼȰ羫纣һƬǿ
ͣ
ۿɼķ磬Դڶ󣬱鼰ǳʹ
ƬԨ㱼·𿴵ˣڴ˵Ļ档
ڶУǳ׷ѣ
ԨȻ
ٿȻٻֺ빬ķַ֮壬ޣϡŹʬǳ̫Ƭ
֮УǳҲķѵ顣
İԨĶʶģ
ҽе·Ŀˡϣһ档
ĸоУ֪ڶĹȣʧƬƬû档
ʼһСǺӡ
֮ʷٷСԴ޵ϣζĿ⣬Զɫ𾪵Ԩ
Ǻӣ
½
أ
ĬrͲԶʧС
ǿƯ޾ڰ½أΪ½ѪĳӣҲǡɽء
ʼǺӣȻдǺӣѵʲôɣ
Ǻӡ
ԨһֱʷٷݵĽɫɱάصλԴ罫һΪǴڣһӴ½أ־ͽд½
һֵ½һͷΪĻ飡
ʷٷ΢΢һЦˣǸ½غͻ飬Ǻһ
ֻһԨü
ʷٷ磬ûлش⣬˵֪ٵ͹ȣȫڴǺӡ
֮ԥһ£ٵƬǺڶ࣬ҲһֱҪ̽ȴӻĵط
ڶУʷٷԴԴ޵ǿܴҵ
ĴڣӦ̽˳ʼȫ磬ʼʹǺӻ󣬱ȻĴ㡣
һ£
ԣԨͻȻͷһƼӻʶѪ⾫ܣΪǺӵ֮ء
ɫһ
һѪ⾫ܣνĴǺڣ֪೬ȫ
޼ʵĺӯǰδκεطܹ㼯е
ЩԴ硢Ľ֪Ѫ⾫ܣܣ֮ǳڰռʱȵǰĴǺӶУ
иûдͬڴǺǱء
νĴǺӣ޾
Ǻеǧ࣬ǻȺڴǺؼκεطҪá
УȻִǺѵǳΪĹŵŵʵԨмơ
ͬǣǺӴŰҿؼΪ֮ء
⣬ǺŵЩʬ࣬ҲʵԨ
ڹϵĴ˵УǺķԴأΪ
ʷٷݼ
˹һû˵ǰʼҲǻȺҶüԴ飬ҽ֮˽͸¶󣬱ԴǷ׷Чҡ
ʱʼеԴ֮鶯ŭˣ㿪һ֮١
˵ʱָǺӵһ
ԨȥͼǺеһѵǳݻٵĺۼ
ʷٷݵʱɢʼĸҲǺӶǻȺԴ֮£׷׽Ƭţȫ˴һĹء
һĹأĬrȻ
ʷٷָ˵ġĹءڴǺӽֻռһС顣
ҲһĹصĻطʲô
Դ֮жֲֻһΡ
֮ʷٷݣûĬrȻԨ˵˰ںϣkɢľٶӦѾˡ

һ£ʷٷݣãȻʷٷݴˣ˵ʱĸԴ֮Σ֮ǰûжüԴǰĳԪk֮ٶ
ңǶΣ
ڲ
ʷٷȴͷ
˹رɫû˵£
ڲǸˡʷٷЦŻش
˹Ҫ˵ʲôһͻȻҵʱ򣡡
ؾ쵽ͳʱ㣬Ҳںʹ˽翪ʼںϣ
ʷٷݵ˵Դ֮Ѿʵʩ֮٣һʼ
ôʼ飬ǼλֲԴٴĨɱ
˹ص˵أҲԤЩΪoʱڶ˶
ҵʱɳ©
˹غȻ֪ˣʱ
ٻ
ڲ֪ңԶʼĳһʱɳ©͸ĲװŽɫɳӣ̺ͱ֮֯ǰ׽
˹ش˸ӦԺ󣬾ʹӱںϵʱɳ
˹طʱԨһӣķѾ޴ĺ˹Ѹٻָ
ʱɳ©û˹ɫѺ࣬ͬһ綼ǿ

Ҳڴʱһҳֽе߲ӳ೾С߳
͸˵άصУ
ӳ೾Цݣʱ֣֮󿴵֮ʷٷݣƬޱȵ֮
˹شˣʱ֮ͼƻңռ䷨򣬲ִƵʱӳ೾˹ؽһ䣬ѯԨƬ֣˵ǺδУǸŮˣôվСԴ޵ͷ
ʷٷݡƬΪǺӡԨ
֮ʷٷݣ
ӳ೾һڶûԨƬĳƺ



ڶǧʮ Ļ
ڴ˷磬֮ʷٷݵţֱ׹
λŮˣǴ˽ԴԴ޵Ĺͬ䣬ӳ೾ʱ˷ŵæͷǸˡ
Դķʽʷٷ˽ظ֪øǻȺ԰Դūۡ
ˣϽɭԴޣġ顱ʷٷҲĻ⡣
־ҲǺ˹޷ܵġ
ӳ೾ʱⲢҴʱڿֻ֮ţ֮ǰûмˡ
ʱһʷٷݵգȻǾһ¡
ӳ೾ʼյʹͷ
ʷٷݿһۣΪĹ̬ЦŰڰ֣֪
ӳ೾һһ£̧ͷ˺˹أڿԳţ¿ٳһͨźԴ硢Ľͨ
һĥռ֮άشշ󲿷ڻͨˡ
ңⱾʱ֮ڣʱľ֮
һգʮ죬ӾѸͣ־Ҫչ
ʹȻѹֵά󣬷ҪŪؿ򡣡˹ЩȣüĵӰͻ֣ɢݳһƬ΢⣬ҫӳ೾ϡ
ӳ೾ľڣȷʵ࣬ʱ䡢ռصѪ
Ҳû㣡
˹ͷӳ೾ĳɾͱʾ⣺һˡ
ô
˹ʱ֮תʱķҪҪȪ۵λãӳ೾һԡ
ʼͻĽ硢Դܹͨѱ̹˹ܹ֮˹֮ȣҲܴԴ
ΪҪǣԨԴ硢Ľֱе壬Ҳܸϸڴˡ
˹ͨӣһ֪ԨжôĿֲ
ãԴͻĽκһԨսѷɫ֮ʷٷݡ
ҪԨսԴ֮ͨʼе֮٣иİձֹ
ûá
ʷٷݺȻ
˹һѽ⣬ʵһλͨռףյ߱ԴͻĽ
ɱ˵άصǼһĿǰʼСĿռ侫£ֻҪԽ˵kʹ򲻿µͨʷٷһ仰ʹ˵顣
ӳ೾Ȼ̬Խkڻûġ
ʵͲҪʲôͨԴ֮ʼںʱ磬ʼ򡣡ʷٷݵһţԴ磬ǲ⡣
һǿ𺳣ԨҲȻ
ʲô
ʼԺ󣬼ʶһλλoк˹غʷٷݰĳڣԳĬ̫ʼҲ̲סȵѵԴͻĽ磬ҲǴʼȥģ
ҾʷٷݸһǶǵĻش𣬱ѯʺ˹أʱɳ©Ҫòִܵ
ˡ
Ǻãǵʱɳ©
λĳһһ󣬸˼״̬
Ԩ̫ʼĬrԴǣʷٷݸϢŪһңҲ׷׳Ĭȥ
ԴͻĽ磬վȻҲǰ㣬Ϊʼһ֣ڡ
ôԨȻִܵʼ򣬵ȷҪӳ೾һ٣ֻʱˡ
֮˱ڴǺǰĵȺ˹صʱɳ©
ԨҲûţͷųһ̲ʶѪܣΪһ磬һ봴ǺӣǸӶصطš
֣ǺԶӴ
ܹԴ硢ĽʱӹѪ⾫ܣ봴ǺԺ󣬷֪̽ķΧޡ
ңû֪̽Ѫܣ·ͱǺͬǺк嫵
ܣԴͻĽһǺ̫ʼĬr˵ԼĲ²⡣
㲻ټԨȫҲȻǺӡʷٷһŤͷǺӣȻʼ򣬵ʼȫ
˷׷ĿԾ֮ɫ
һǺӣԨԴ硢Ľ綼ҪʼжôӴ
ѹ˵ⲿһ磬඼ʼǴʼȥ
պһֻǰľ޹꣬شȪ۵ķλŶ
һ˹أԶֽе˹شˣ
򣬿־֮ͼӣ
һۣԨ˵͵ϽɭһͼҲ޻oҲƺΪԴޡ
Ԩ˵ͷֻǰԴ޾ͿҪִʱԼѪԴһϺˡ
Դǿվޣ͹꣬λ־֮ͼӵѪͬ
ͼӵԺ󣬺˹ظ֪һ£ѯʵڵĿ־֮أ
ʼԺͼҡҾһսסĶᣬٳû취ƿңʹڷˡͼӹػش
ͻȻŷ֮ȻҲڣæ񣺡ʷٷݴˣû뵽Ҳڴ˵ءҸո̫ԶûпӰһҪˡ
ʷٷͷûأǳǺӣƺûĸ
ͼսսأͺ˹ء潻ʱﶼ̫ˡ
˹⣬֨֨شʱʱ͵ʷٷݣ˵λ֮η塣
Ԩġ
½½أɢڸoԭӿʼ򡣡˹ͼ˽֮󣬵֪ʮoڴʱʼ
Щoں˹غԨ֮ǰȻ絽ʼ
ֵǣ˹غԨʷٷʼãûЩoҲûпǹʲôۼ
ǿѾˣҲܱ֮󣬳ԴĿܡ
ͼž⣬˵ܹԴսƽ֣ԴƳߣǿ˵ġ



ڶǧʮ 
ԣԴԴڽʼԺ󣬶Դĸն
ʼ򣬼ȻԴʥôЩԴߵķĹ
Һã֮ĸûж֡
̫ʼǿɬҪԨһϵڣһӲ
Ͳ򣬶͹֮Դ˵λǵkǵ
ˣ
˹ؾһ񣬱ʯͫȻʱɳ©ģ

Ϊ֮صʱɳ©ڴʼĳٻŶ
ǧ֮⣬һѤõʱɳ©Ĺ켣ɡ
˹صʱɳ©ƺĺƶ˷
ʱɳ©֣Ѥúɳ©еĲ򣬺еʱ֮ɳΪһ塣
û뵽ܼ㡣
˹عЦסʱɳ©ڵʱǡ
֮ǰģֱ֣Ӿȫָˡ
Ҳſ쭣ԨҵʼˣܸоĵҵҲУڿԳһ£ٴ׷ȥЩļ䣡
УһӦĹӣܺԴ硢ĽӦ
ں˹Уʱɳ©Ȼʱ֮Աġ
סʱɳ©ԺѴʱ֮ƿ̬ӳ೾ʱ֮ӳ೾ˡ
ӳ೾ԼҲܸоʱɳ©ʱΪش⡣
һʱɳ©ڵĽɳɳ©һһʱ˷ʱţܵ˹غʱɳ©Ӱ졣
׷ݼ䡣
Ԩ۾΢ڴǵͷ˵ȷʵҪ֪Щļ䡣
Ƚȥ˵ɣȥԺʱӦûһءȺõʷٷݣʱɳ©ԵЩͣҪȥˡ
ҲС
˹ɻȴûгɡ
ԴǣʷٷݶΨǴӣû˭ľ̵ͷ
ԴޡԴУִʷٷݣһֱģؿδ
Ȼ˵˲ܵ飬Ȼԭ򣬻ǿʲô쾳

µͷСԴޣ͵طһ˻𣬹СԴ޵ճϺĿװ㽫СԴ޸ǡ
Ѫ磬ճϺҴܣԴľ·
СԴƴڳ봴ǺǰٴŤͷ̰غ괭Ϣ
һ㡣ʷٷһţһصҲСġ
գǼ·ԴصĽɫսˣҲȵγ֣ԵõΪˡ
ȥ
ͷСԴޣȽ봴Ǻӡ
Ϊ֮ǣСԴһ봴ǺӣʹƤӵʧ
ǺͷСԴޣڴҵעĿ̤УƫƫڴҵҰУ
أ
ӳ೾һһ߲ⱻ
ѰʷٷݵЩ߲⣬ڴǺĴҴܣҶɼȻûʷٷݺͷСԴ޵Ӱ¶
֮СԴ޹ز֪٣ôȴͻȻðȻǰС
Ҳǲܿ򣡡
ӳ೾ֽţôҶСһ㣬Ҫż롣
ʱ֮˹أԨĬrԴǣҲͷųͬҪڴǺҵʷٷݺͷСԴ˵
ȫһ
ʷٷݺСԴޣڽ봴ǣ·뵽һ硣
ԭѾ뿪ʱ֮ĺ˹أ˿ʱɳ©ͣʱ֮飬ÿ־֮ͼҲ
˶֪ؿ
ûʷٷݣʷٷݵʱ֮Ȼͳ˴ҵ䡣
Ǻܹÿһλߣ˲ʹ򡣡
˹һ˵һʾҾ£ǾͲҪ룬Ҫ뿪Ȿʱ֮飡УȽ봴ǺԺ󣬴ǧ򲻿
ã
ģ
Կ£һ̤봴ǺԺҲգ۲֪١
Ҳȥ
û׵ĺ˹أӲͷƤͳˣʾӳ೾ƿʱ֮顣
йעŴǺӵĶҪܽʷٷҵʷٷݿŪ
УʷٷݲԴԴ޵·ˣԴ֮ʱ̡
֪縺ԴΡ
ಣ
ʱ֮ҫ⣬Ŀռ佫˰ڣҲʷٷݺСԴ֮󣬽뵽ʼеĴǺӡ

һˡ
ſӴԨھ֮أ׷Ʈе컯塣
ϣŮͣڴأ𡱵һͬ컯ķŹ켣
ϵĴԴˡԨüͷ˵һ컯ĴԴ飬Ǳĳƻˡ
ͣڴصĲŮʣûմں״Կ
֮;綾֮ʶѪۣҪѹҪʵʩᡣ
ѹɡԨɫĮſĳˣ˵ҵҪЩνԴ飬ܹڴ˷أĳʲô
ãҾѡ



ڶǧʮ ֮
ء
Ůʻ£鼰֮һ׷Ϩ
Ұӣ͸ݲܵζɻ֮;綾֮־գҲƴֹЩĻۡ
ڿȵİ£ѽΪʮһ𡢾綾
ͼ³͡Ȳܹ֮ͬƻ𡢾綾ϢƻԴľͼ
ֻҪһֱֹȥԴĸ֮٣Ȼᱻӻ
ȻӵҲѵʶЩνԴ飬ԭһֱڼ³ͺȵѪ
Դδӭ
˭û֮֮ǵѪԴ鶼δĳһ̵õա
;綾ַĨԴͻһֱڡ
Ȼ᲻ðѾķµ

ػ𡢾綾ϢʶĿݣѪڻۡ
أɻ;綾ꡣ
һ˿覴õľݣƽؿԨȻ˵ǾҪˡ
ԨٷְٵΡ
ֿѵĻ֮;綾֮գ۶Ҳ˲ɱ
ģڵġ
Ԩͷʾſģηκ⡣
ǾӴһѸоһڣһŻ̵ӳ˵ڼҪ籡
֮ܺ;綾Ϣڳ˵Ѫ꣬һױ˱Ȼٲ
УյĻ֮;綾֮飬һֿŤ״̬
ԨĸоУڳѪǵԴ飬˷Ӱˣûǡ
ԨͻȻһߡ
ؾ쵽֮;綾֮ĳȾŤ£ͼԳ˵Ѫ֮һŲӻĶԴ
ԴĿ꣬ǶӴʴѪ⣡
ĳشڣҪܵƻ롣
ҵҪ˭
һߺ󣬱ɫĹνعţҲȻѳڡ
α㣬֮ľϸѪ⽻֯
ԨԴ硢Ľ磬һλλʱⳤеĳǿ뢣ͨЩ֯Ѫ⣬Դγһַ
֮
֮ѪȥѪ飬˼һȻ
֮ͬԵѪ顣
ݣ
һԣע뵽Ԩߡ
âҴܣ۾ԽԽ
Уų˵ڣ֮;綾֮ĳΡ
Ǹ綾֮飬ն̨ģ֮ɱϢҲȫͬ
ԴԱĳŤʶǵǻѱǣֻʣ±ܵĻҪʴΪԴ־
ͻȻԨ쵽ԴҪҪȼ˵Ѫ꣡
Ҳڴ˿̡
ݣݣ
עԨԣͨ˫˳ڵԴ顣
ĿУ¸ӵķ罫İ壬һһܻڿֲĹâ֮С
УĳһϢĻ档
Ⱦ֮;綾֮ҫ£̼ѩڡ
ԴǻʶողŻָ˹ͱԨͫе⴩͸
Ⱦ֮;綾֮δüǳ֮󣬶ԳʵʩƣͱԨеԶ

ն̨ҲٿȻ
ԶԴԨЯŴħ񱴶̹˹֮֮񣬻ֻʵֵɡ˪֮˪һͬն̨֮ϡ
߱սҶĴ̽ߣԨ㽫һˡ
룬̫飬氲֮ڶûнΪԨôҲ׸㽫ԴĻ
ȣ
ȫ״̬ĳˣ֮ȻڵȻü
Ȳ䲻ȵص˵ͷ
˲Ů˽ΪʮһڽȥڤΪµһλס
ϧԲ״Ը˺
˻˻֮³ͣ³ªoȴѡɷ򣬺ɱؾ˺ܶꡣ
Ԩ˿ڴˣԶֳˣŮʴԭΡ
컯壡
ħһƮе컯壬ЦȻй
ţֵɺͼ˪Ժ󣬸ⷽصչǵ̽Ѱ˷
ڴ˿̵ն̨ϷоӨ͸˶֮ģǸ̶ء
̶ֻûһ˿Դ

Ԩıһ֣üĵġ̳ʹ֣еھŲĻ̨֮棬ҫ˳ˡ
֮;綾֮飬ɱԺʶ;綾зӲڡ̳Ĺҫ´ӳڷ룬뵽ھŲĻ̨֮档
һ;綾򣬾ͺĻ̨֮ȫڡ
ҲԴʶԡ
ڸоϣԨġֱ̳ʳ˻𡢾綾֮飡
֮֮ãȻʧؿ¶ġ̳ܵԴС
ͬһʱ䣬Ԩ߱Ҳ֮֮
λڤʵƿߵoԨĴʱĿ£ĵ׷

ħͷɫһɫأҲĿĵؿԴoʲô쳣о
У
ʱ֮˹ȣֻǰСĹ˹ʱֽ
²أ¶̳֡Ԩʵʵ˵ڵ֮飬ڽ˷ʱոҲڴ
ǺȻͣˣƴҪա
˹˵ʵĸܡ
Ҳǵġ
ȵͷѰ֮ĴڣɫصԭǴûܹǡһֱţڷɢԺǱǵѪС
ǰûֻܹΪûȥʼûʼ֮ء
o˵أܵԴ״ʶ㡣
ոշ춯ڵԴ飬Ҫڴ˷֮¾£
ȻʶҪڸյԴ飬ڳĻ֮;綾֮鱻ԨնɱˣֱӾͱ̵̳
춯е֮֮飬Ȼðٸ¶Ϣ
ڿȡ˹ڣѱ֪ŵԴ飬ͬȻٴݷ
ڵȺŸõ
ƻļһ
ħЦһŹ˹ͿȣʧȥԺȻǣܱԴĵλ𣿡
ҡͷѡ
˹ЦҵʧȥңҵĨ
νļԴ鷽һֱ⡣ħ˼Ƭ̺ϵԴʶһֱǵѪУǴû
ħһָԨ̳ոյĻ֮;綾֮飬ڱԨ̳ºƺ
˹ĬȻͬħĿ
Դķʷٷݴ˴ڵġеoԴԴޣķȥԴ顣ȵͷ˵ѵʷٷݴ˵ķҲǴģǲȫģ
Ҳģ
ͬն̨ţ죺Դ磬Դޣ˵ıЩʲô
һƵţȻôλ֮ͽʷٷݶΪĴıҡ



ڶǧʮһ Ůһ̨Ϸ
죡
˹Ϳͬŭš
磬֮ʷٷݵͳȻλģ˹ȰԴΪԴ
ŵԴǣȻŭλo
ұ죿ƾҲ䣿
һߺֱն̨ͣڴ˷ء
ɫܴڱ̬ķҪԺͻȻŴ󣬴֮ء
ֺ׳ķȻųѪ⣬Ѫ֮·ߣ
УԲԨ⣬û˹ʸǳ
ħ񱴶̹˹У
֮񣬰϶ͷΪˡ
ն̨ٿһŶͿ˳ˣҲԨߡ𡱵ͳƺϦ˺ܾá
һջһƣҲ̲סˡ
ָ֮ɫoûбҷ۵ף
Ŷ𣿡
һĿȣһŰڳҪսļƣʾ˹Ҫ
ս֮񣬱ֹԺ󣬲򱴶̹˹
ħЦŵ˵ͷȥɡ
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ҵҪֻжұʷٷݴˣ
ŰһƬ޵ս
䣡
ڿȵԺͻȻֳһƬһžصá
ٿô֦ɽ͸ż⣬γһݼŵ
֮ȣƺͨСȡ˰ֲ˲ٵ
żŭƬͷţǴѵһֻ
㿴
ûеԨֹűһХֳɫ˵ԭʼ̬͵Ƭ
һϽɫڰɿп񱩵磬ܻı棬ֵ֮
ֺ׳ķֻŲƵϷγһִ壬ȱʧѪܵĲѪ⡣
ҲҪڣ
ԨͻȻŮʡ
ڵĻ֮;綾֮飬ոձ롰̳ĲŮʣ˿ڴͻȻվ
һ̣һԲĳ˱
ֳɫľ̬ٸ¶һͷ۵Ρ뷨࣬ɫͷѵһײƬ
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صĿֲһƬƬ̬Ƭըֱӵķɻ
ľмŨŨڣŮһĶң
ͷ۵Ǹˣ׷ֱͷų;綾Ϣݳȡ
ף
̹˹һͷ˵֮;綾֮Ȼˣɻ;綾ִ򣬾ȻǱӡڡ
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ĺĺſھ˵֮һɣ뱨Ǿͳɡ
ͽһҪڤȴϹҵĺ⣡
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һǧɸߵûҶӵ֦ɲֲУһߣӸ˵Ρ뷨ࡣ
ǧ򣬾֮ɭ׵ĽӴ£ڳ˷⡣
Զ֮أλ̬ľŮˣɱĻ찵ء
ŵĻԹ̫κʱ涼һѪսû⡣
Σ֮
Ůһ̨Ϸ
ħƲƲ죬Ȼǵսʲô
Ů˭ˣ˭ܻƺҲν
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ħΨ²ңڳһҪֵļƣԨüŪۡ
ԼĴΪļ˪ն̨Ϊ
·һغ
ħʱ˪Աۣô
иն̨ʹأǿӴԨһ˫ʯӣɱеŮˡ
ҲûзҪȥֹⳡɱ˼

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ʱ֮˸ǿߣٿһ뵽ڲأ˱㱻޷ĺס
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Ƹǣ쳤ХȵټԴ飬ؽk
йᾭλͽľԴ飬ûʲôøС
λİǿߣԹ⣬δҪo㣬ԽԴˡ
ҪԴ飬Ҳܷ
ӿ룬̲еѪӣλߣʱġ
̫ʼʵ
Ϊӽģ֪жٿǳͻȻͷųâҫڲϣΪԴȪ
ͤͤŮԡڶУϳһʥϢ
ԴǵΪĬrҲͻȻĿɫ

ʯöԴǾıʯڴǺԡ
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ʲôطȻǹ
ʯе߸ɣȰĹǣ顢ޫh½ȫ˷ܲѡ
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ʯУԴͷеȡ˴룬ǻ۴ֳԴ
ԨϾ͸оԴǵԴͷǲֻ֮裬µԴǣ
ƬصĴǺӣкԴصĶƺܵõ
һֱڻĽ磬ԴͷҪǧʱ⣬Ҫʱϣĳ컯µԴǡ
Ȼʼ򣬽ƬǺԺʱͻ̡

Ԩ֮һͲɷħ׳
ɷħڵеЩɷħǺҲܵˣֱܹӱû

ɷħʯ㣬ҲŴ˷صĺƵ붦Сء
ԨͽʹһͲ˿̼ʯʲŽ份û뵽ɷħȻҲǳ
ˣһأؼ䣬֮أ
ͣɷħĶڣɷħ·Էݽϲ̵˵ûһطôչǣ
Щ磬ܶɱһɷħҲʯڶ
ƫƫЩʧصأɷħʯѡ
Դ飡
Ԩüͷһ壬Ȼһ¡
ڻ֮Ͻɭλoڣ֮鲢û缲֮顢̰ʳ֮뿪ʷٷݵѹ
һԴͷڴǺӿʼԴɱ䣬ô֮أ
ο֮ʷٷݲڴˣ
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ʷٷѹƵĻ֮飬ڴǺõǣڽһͶ˵Ͻɭ
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עϽɭ
Ԩæѣʾͷɫ߰úܽͼӣϽɭԶһ㡣
Ͻɭ
˹ؾС
봴ǺԺ󣬺˹غһܵŨʱܣɳ©ڲע룬Ҳڿϲ֮С
Ҳ֮ʷٷݵһ˵
ʷٷݽǰ˵봴ǺԺٴεõ
˵ڴǺУʱɳ©Ԩҵûļ䡣
ʷٷݲûиڴǺ֮УԴҪԶԶЩԴԴޣ
ҳĻһ㣡
ϽɭˣҲͼӺ͵ϽɭţҲҪִȡ
ֻǣƺѾˡ
֮ڱ磬޷ӭգʼѡ
ȵ봴Ǻʱֱ֮˲ϽɭϽɭľ֮ȻͼӾ޹Դ֫ơ
Ѹٵս
꣡
־֮뿪һصͼӣٱս쭵Ļ֮סʱѡ
˹زŷӦͷֿ־֮ͼӣѱϽɭĻ֮ɱ
ɱɱɱ
֮־ŵϽɭ겻õϽɭһֿ״̬
ϽɭѾߵӴεʺԴսĴǺӣֻܵǣӴ
¡һ
֮׹䣬Ǳصʱ֮飬ҵҳӲѡ
ſһ£һŻŻܵ˴˷أ˹غԨڵû



ڶǧʮ Դĸ
ϽɭĻ֮飬ڴǺǣֱͨ˺ü
ããĻſѪԲǿû
Ťǻ۵аЩӿӳ೾ʱ֮ɳ⻪ʱ
ѵ
ȥԺٴص䣬ҵʱ֮ѷ
Ͻɭߵ壬ҲҵۼըѪǶƬɳ״̬ҡ
ȻѹںϽɭ
Ϊ֮ҪõΥߣĿ̡
ʱϽɭҲֻһϡѰޡ
ΪľˣΪ򣬵ϽɭܽΪһλ𣬲ӱ
ϽɭӱԴУ֪ԴԺܶʹɱ֣ɱԴޣΪڶo֮һ
˺ޣԺԵϽɭ֮ǣ
һѵأһҵĿʹ
еĻ֮飬ǵص˼ʶڵϽɭѪ֮
Ͻɭţź¹ͨҪõĿˡ
š
֮
΢ӵϽɭڶѵƬڣʳŨѪ
ϽɭѪ밵ŤڵаΪ꣬Ҳеˣѡ
ǶҪ
ԵϽɭͫ棬軣вԴޣһ顣
ʱ֮˹أڵϽɭѪʱҲƬ̵ʧ
еĵϽɭʱǰʱǧ֮⣬Ȼò׽Ͻɭӭͷʹ
ԨҲʧ쾳Ժеೡɽ鱩ӿ֡
Ԩ֮ʱڵնʱڵʱڵ͵µͬһۡ
ͬʱڵڹӵĲͬڵ㣬ŹȥδԼ
֮ϽɭԺŤȻڴǺУòͬʱڵԨĳʶ㡣
Ԩһӷֲ壬ʲôʱԨǺˡ
ݻߣ˿ȫ໥
ӳ೾̫ʼĬr򣬻ͷԴޣ֮鱩ǵһֹںġ
ӳ೾ʱһͷ޵߲ŭĿԨ̫ʼʱҡһ䣬ΪҩڵĿ⸴ӵؿԨ
ͷҲʧڲͬУʶȻңӲǲΪһ
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ԺͬʱͬݲͬĬrͻȻ˴ɱ
λϽɭĻ֮飬Ӵİɫ߽ǷǣִƵķ쾳

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Ҳڴ˿̣һ£ӴǺӵһƮŶ
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ͻȻһി¹⣬һֱͷ
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Ķͷ룬Ҳ˶һöӡǣ֮ľ
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ʱһ´ѣĿ¹⣬Ϊ˺͗軴̵ǧٿס
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֮Դ鸳еĲ֮ԴͨԨʵԨУҲһ֮С
Ĳк֮ӦķҲܱ֮Դá
֮Դ˲򣬽ΪеУֻԴʹɱ֡
ڶ֮УĲ򣬽֮Դķӵ쾡£գ۹ɱ͗軡
Դ飬Դ⼸λoڵԴ뿪󣬷׷Դı
ͼ͗Ҳˡ
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˵ϽɭľߣҲŤѵšԶȥ

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ȥ棬軺ͲͼӣԸеԴ飬ûоη͸ж֮ġ
Բϧ
ԴڽʼԺƺȻȻأγԴͬˣƺһλͬ䣡
֮֮Դ飬ɱͷԴޣֻΪЩ뿪Դ鱨
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Ԩһں˹֮ѹٳڲͬҵĳͻ״̬
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Ԩͺ˹ˣ˵Ͻɭɫߵ
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Դ飬ǲģͨʲôʽ޷ٵҡԴ֮ţԴͲվٴθ
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ԨĸоϣǻĽǣֻҪѪУˣҲܱ
Դǵı
ӳ೾վѵʱ֮ϣɫľߣһ·ƬѽѪ뿪ȵǲýģǺܴԴǽѲ⣬Ჽǵĺ󳾣
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Ԩ㾪طּͷȥԴޣʬȻֹƯƬеڶʱ봴Ǻӡ
ѪееĲлתۼŸɾ
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ʱ֪ԭıвֻͨҪٴԴ飬ͻúͲһĽ
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ִŵغԨһڴǺӸڶȡܵ׼һ˼·ˡ
ԨĻᣬתͷһʱ֮·
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ڴǺӣ
ڵάԵά֮ǰĿռΪһ׵ӳ೾˹١ֶٴεȼȤ


ڶǧʮ һĿռ֮
Ҳȥ
ӳ೾һʱ֮˹صģȻǵάصʦһĿռ֮˹٣ʱٴμԦʱ֮顣

עʱ֮ҫ߲ϼ⣬صĴǺӡ
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ӽǳƺҪԽĿռ䣬Ҫųѷɡ
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˹ͷų˷ܵĹԣԽÿռ䣬ǳ
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ȥѣȻڴǺӵһǳѿԼС
꣬żȻѰٵԴ磬º绥ͨȪۡ
˹ؽŲմأ˹ٵǰ˵̽Դ磬ԨͻĽʱ⡣ҲûʬǣҲûҾͶѾȥ
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˹һڣȻ˴󲿷ּ䣬ãȻңҲǵˡ
ǻĻﱻ˺ۣȫǵõĶȴڼ˹صһѸˡ

ʱ֮ҲŶӳ೾յУƿһÿռ䣬ŲдԨ̫ʼĬrײͷƤѪ̤˵ء
һǳ
ʱ֮ס֮󣬻ǳ֮ϡ
Ȿõʱ֮飬һǳڿռҺڡ
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ӳ೾棬ԨֽеǳͿҫǺͷĿռܣǺ޾
Ԩͷҿˡ
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Թ˹ΪϤΪ˹Ǹܹ˹˲ȥ顣
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Դֻ֮ҪڣԴƺͲ֪жԴ飬kˡ
һλǿ飬ڵkͳϽʼȻ˹
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˹ضȻһС
ָͷѵüģִƵʱ˹ٵԺһԴ˹ٵĹӡ
һֵֻʱɳ©Уɫʱ֮ɳɿʧ˹ԲĹӣ˲俪ʼ˵
ʱᵴţ˹ٵò䣬׷Ȼҡ
˹ؾȻ˹ٵʱ⵹
Ҫͨ˹׷ݹʱ⣬ûļء
ͻȻ˹ƨµǳ˾춯ص𶯣֮ҫɼĿռ⣬̼۵֪ٸ硣
ǳܱߣռ۵壬Ų֪ٿռѷ졣
建չûѱգΪһɺ˹ض޷İܡ
˹ѵԺӣĲͬʱա
ӵʶֹ
Ƭ̺󣬺˹һȻ˵
һĿռ֮̽Դ
Ԩӳ೾Ǳʱ֮飬Ƶ߶˹ٵǰ
˹㯶УͻȻӳճӰòλԶάصϿռ֮񣬿ģʱȻɫ

˹ٱͷУ翴ֲʣ־Ķħ
е˹٣ͷѳһϸĹ磡
˹һͷ˹ٶͷϸ磬һշ϶
ҫĿռ϶ͷ˿Ҫϸ࣬Ͽռ֮Ķͷγɣ·ҪԿǸѣҪӳָ
Դ磡
Ľ磡
Ԩ
˹ٿ־ؼţͷϸѷ죬ԽԽࡣ
ƨµǳѵǿĿռܲ
꣡꣡
һһѨĳֳǳı氼ݳ
ֻǺͿҫƵǳපѨķ׷׳֣ȻúͿҫûԵ
Ҵȥ࣬Դ࣡



ڶǧʮ Хеǳ
濴ԨòԺһĿռ֮ͻȻ״񲡣
꣡
ǳ棬֣źͿҫǼΪƵǳһ޴ķѡ

ڴǺӵⲿкƺƵĿռЩ׶ǳ
еǳڱӪҺȡǿеĿռ
˹ʱʹޣʱЦŭȣʶôҡ

ʱ֮˹أΪѵͻȻصԨ
ӳ೾̫ʼҲǺ֮ɫ
ܵӰ죬Ȼ벻˹٣ڼԨһǣֱӾ;ʧˡ
ʵ̫ˡ
˴˹ٹķӦµʶԨߡԨòĳˡ
Ҷûӡ󡣡
ԨüͷػӦһ䣬Ŀɽ˹١
ȻҽʧЩһأҾ֪Һ˹ûмˡֲһ䡣
ŨĿռܣϵشӸ۶ӰǳĿ׶
һű̲ź嫿ռӳ೾̾ѵǳڼ֮Уڲصշ֯Žе
ӳ೾С
ಣ
һ߲磬һѨڲǳеľӨɽұУŴĿķ硣
ʶͷУֱ鲼ɽЩ磬һѪļ
ۣۣ
ͻȻֿǰ״̬˹٣Ǿ߿µǳ䣬ضĿ׶
һĿռ֮类һռУ˲䶴
Ȼ֮УȴûһѪʡ
ɿݵƤ֮вһҲû࣬ûڵѪ
ӳ೾˹ʱԨҲĿɫ϶Ϣڣȴûþ߱Ѫ
״˹٣ԨĸоУһ
ΪµǳΪһˡһ˿ռ֮棬ǳеĿռ
ӳ೾Ƭ̣侲жϵУĻ壬Ҳѿ
һ
Ԩ˵˹ûѪϢӳ೾˵룬ô
ʱ֮˹һ£ҡʱɳ©Ĺͷ֮Уʱ
ʱǳڲĶѨڵдХ
˹ǳи֪ģȻϤ˹ٵϢ
ֻǣֻǰڸӸ˿ûв´Ѫǣǳںˡ˹Ҳ죬ӳ೾˵ͷ˵
ռеӳ೾˵ĻʶͷǳⲿЩռͷ
һ䣬ǳԺӳ೾ʹʱ֮뿪
ӳ೾Ϊһ߲⣬ǳı棬Ŀռûͼ˹ٽʶͷӿ
˹ϵĶڣͷѷ죬ڳࡣ
ǳ·𻹵һģǳĶѨܷӦ
һֱܡ
Ԩüͷܵһ˿˿ƮִһЩ顣һִһֱûܹ⿪
ִ˹Ȼ
Ԩͷȵȿɡ
ҲܸоλһĿռ֮ͨƨµǳڴǺӷȡռܣһǴЩʲô
ѪеĽڵѪǳΪһ˹٣Ͱǳ塣
¶Ƥ⣬һûǰˡ
׷ʲôܸܲң
˹ֱ˹ٵ۾Ҫһ𰸳
Ȼ˹ٵߣȴʼնԨϣﻹأ˵ûöĻ
ԨϸȥˣҲͬ
úѰǳͨѿסûһǺӵĿռܺ󣬴Ưֹ״̬Ȼ
Ǳصʱ֮ǳǳʱȵغǳͬ塣
һӣ޾ռܵǳڴǺӿʼХ
Ԩ˹٣ǳХһͿµʼή
ǳҲһ
˶ǳڴǺŵһǳزʣͺͿռһͬʧ
ⲻСʧ
ԨȻע⵽ǳڴǺӷԵĳٶȶȻӿ졣
ͷһ£ģĲҰȻ֡
ĮȻһۣͻȻݳһЦݡ
Ļһš
Ϊµǳǿռ£Ѵӡ򡱵λ÷ߡ
Ȼ֮һ뿪ġ򡱣ڴǺӰٶȣȻԶԶһռ֮˹ټԦǳ
ҿ˲򣡡ӳ೾ǳһռ崫֮ԴˣǸոճ
ſܷ˹ɢʶӴԨߺȻӦ
Ŭ
˹ԱܼԦǳڴǺӷŵٶȽӿ죬ԨԱߵӰӵĸ졣
ҪȼܴһŵĻڣƼĻ档
ûãһƬȺǲȻ֮ء
һ鱦ǳ֮İ壬ϵعĳ
˿̵İ壬ѵǳˣԵǣһſǳľ⡣
ȻҲˣʼǳ֮ʶռݣ¡
塱רעزΰĳûע⵽һǳһϢԽ
ٶ̫죬򡰰塱Ԩûп塱ڲΰʲô
ǲȻǰ壬ԯҲԨҰӹ
򡡱ֳѵĻƽ֮һƽΡɽסɽ壬׵ɽۣʲô
ԯڴǺӵһ𺣣ɻ潫û·ͨǺӵϴɡ
Ԩûܷ壬Ǳ׶ᣬǱһ֮顣
ȥļλ񶼱ʼԴᣬĿǰȫȻһúúõġ
ǿǳԱӹʱԨҲԷˣõ
ԨҲ֪˹ټԦǳٶȵǿ쵽˼飬ڲϵسԽһȥߡ
ǳڴǺмٷţ˹ٵǳϣѾٿԨǵͷڳ˼
ʱţ˵˶ĻҲȥ⡣
ڶ߽УȻһöĻǺӵȦһ޴ޱȵԲ
仰µǳȻһ
ǳĹ켣ͻ䣬Ǻӵڲ룬ǿʼƻ
Ҳһ̣ӳ೾ƺһѪشǳеһСռ
˶ʱ
ɫ԰׵ӳ೾жȻҡҡͷ˵̫ǿˣλʶߣȻǸǿⲿĿռ֮УÿÿܿʶӰӣŴʱӰӾͻֱӻɻҡ
һɿֲǳܱߵգļԡ
ӳ೾һǵѪһƨʱ֮ϣԻķʽǳǻǿҪЩʲôɡ



ڶǧʮ ټ
ӳ೾ܴ졣
̽ѰõھҪͨ˹ٵĻʶӰѰ󵽴ʱһɿֱϣ
Ŭ˲Ϊ׷
ʱ֮ϵⱾ鼮£޸˴ԿնĿ⣬ŲϴԷŵĻ档
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ԨȰοһ䡣
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ǳ·ǼٷŵĹں嫵ĴǺƻХ
ŵ̫죬ֻܱܿģĻ档
أǿݻٵľһЩǳУҲޱȻֺ׳ĹϽȺŷٵ
ǳֻͣ˵ξ֮г֣ʵδ
֮ǻʬҵɢڴǺӵĸеĴǳޣеСӬϣʽϡŹֽС
Ԩ˹أӳ೾̫ʼˣʮ磬ԨڻĽ磬Դ֮Уûǰϡ֡
Ҳ֤ʵˣ֮ʷٷݵǸ˵
Դ֮鲻ֹһεʵʩ֮١
ֽʱ֮ǰиԪڴǺӣԴ֮
ʼĴǺӣԴԴƺҲԴķĹ
ԴڴˣҲڴˡ
·ܱĹɣҲյĹޡ
˹µǳûŴǺӵĿռܣͷе˹ٻڲʱ૵˵ŴĻ
˶ܸоǳڴǺӵȦХûС
ȻˣʵŵǳҲѾѵ顣
һЩϣеĲϷɽϿȺɭ֡
ʬбģҲвģЩ֮С
ݻٵĻ棬Ƶǳ£һ㣬ѻڴǺȦĳһʽ
ݣĳ˵顣
ݼŵĻ棬ڷп˼ٴ
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ʱҲѲ𣿡
ʱ֮˹㯺ͻңʱ뿴֮ʷٷݣ뱻ݵָ
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ŷŵǳڴǺӷεã˲ûзʷٷݵӰ
֮ʷٷݣҲûǰѰǣûиʲôʾͽ̻塣
УǷŵǳС
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죬ʼպǳһµĿռУ˸ܵ˹ٵִ
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Ĺϴ˵УǿΪԭ䣬ɾҲǵʬ
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˷׷ױ𶯣ȻȻӳ೾Զȥ֮ء
ԨȻӳ೾һɳһӳ೾λá
úҲһĻĻ档
ԶǴǺ븹λã޾ޣ
ûǳûûзͿһƬ֮أͻȻӳ˲ˡ
ߣ޷͸Ƭ޾ޣĶǿյޣ·
һ£֮Խӳ೾ֱ뵽֮ء
ڴ˿̣Ȼһ
ڲ֪ôңԶ֪ıǾӴޱȵ֮
ͬʶ˲佻
֮ͬУͬԨ˿ȫȻʧɫ
ʼνĴǺڲȻһƬãã޼ʵޣҺͻĽ֮ͷ

һ˶ļ˸ʹըԨǾ߱ȻһĻ档
һɵģͬͲǺӣ޾֮С
Ͳ״Ǻ˶ޣಿλ򱻻ɵĽڰţƯ֮С
Ͳ״ǺУǳڶϤĳ
ĳͲ״Ǻӣ˷ֱԨͻĽ磬벿λԴ硣
еǺӣĽԴĽڣԴԨͬҲĽڡ
ͬͲ״Ǻӣ˴֮μȻĽڽָ
ԨĽ磬Դ磡
ͬԨʶڽ
ڴǺӵľԴľǾڻĽӴľͻȻͿʼڻ㡣

ӳ೾ʱ֮˹أ̫ʼĬrһ뿪ǿǳվı
ʱ֮Ҳ˹չԹС
ôˣ
Ԩʲôش֣
Ƭ޾֮Уǵĸ֪ȥʲôҲû찡
Ź֣ڴǺӵڲôһƬޣȦĴԲ̲޷ĺ
˻ѯԨֹ˵еͲ⡣
ʼڴǺӵڲԵ硣
Ԩתػĺ˹أӳ೾̫ʼĬrˣһֱǰʼ׷ѰĴǺӣһνĽн硣
ӳ೾Ұ죬ȴ˵
Ԩⷬޣ۷֪
ʼǴǺӣǺӵⲿһ޴Բ
ھ޴ԲУʧűԴ֮ĸԪʱ
Բ֮У֪δ֪洦ɼ
Ȼ޴ԲڲȻ޾ޡ
ݣԴ磬ԨƬ޾֮УһҪɲ֣
νĽʱգֻͨ˹µȪͨĻĽ磬Խ˴ǺⲿĴԲԽǺӣԽʼȥ˸Զ֮ĳЩ硣
Ǿʼ



ڶǧʮ ߸֪
ôܣ
ôܣ
⣬ѵࣿ
ʱ֮Ϸ
Ԩһϯ˶ãȻʧ룬ȥνࡣ
࣬߸ǶԴ硢ԨĽĳ֪Ҳ߸ʱ֮˹أ⡣

Ǻ󷽵ģǿű˹ԱܽмԦǳ뿪ԺҲƬء
ǳһУûƵĿռܣҲʹͣͲ
˹٣ǳ˵ԺǾ߿ŵСͻȻͱһƬš
૵˵ĻҲû֫嶯
СС˿׶ĶͷиԲտҲ
˹һͷ˹ٷŵǣǿŴǺХõǳͬһҵѣǷࡣӦԴ磬ȴ֪Դľ巽λ
Դ磬Ľ磬Ԩ̽Ѱ˺ܾúܾãӦ֪磬ʹʼĴǺӣ
Ϊ
˹ظߺȡ
Ӧˡ
һº͵֮ĴǺȻȥ
λʧõ֮ʷٷݣű˵СԴͷ­ٴγ˵Ұ
бСԴޣͷ˿ڣûȥԨ
װƬŨϺõɫţѼɵĿֲ
ʷٷݴˣ
״̬ĺ˹أһǰҪӭȥ
ʱԨִļ򣬽ʱ֮顣
˹Ȼͷôˣ
Ԩҡͷʾ˹԰꣬ٴοͷСԴޣͷŪСԴޣΪõİ԰ɣ
޾֮УԻͨȻ֪õʾ֮ʷٷݡ
ԴԴ޵֧ûҲ⡣
ǰɡ
ʷٷ΢΢һЦ̹Ȼˡ

޵һˡ
ħ񱴶̹˹֮˹ֵɡ˪ն̨ϷżսеλŮӡ
Ů֣Ѥõķ磬ŻصŰ˷
ɱҡ
ǵԣ֫ײɵನԴݻǳء
ͻȻԨǾӴǵͺȣͣ¡
һ˫ѪͫԴѪ½㣬ǰ

ɳĶĿ⣬ͫսŮָ
ɱŮˣʱ֮ؼս
Ůʣţ֮ȣ˿ɱѷѽ⣬Ӵƶڲϵرս
ŮĸǰǺХе컯塣
Ԩһͣ¡󣬷ɱŮȻһû
ǣſܹľ޿ڣһ˶ɺ籩ͻȻɳƬը
ǧɸߵһһ걬ѣҲۿηܶ޸
ԨִƵԶԶ
˵һԶԶһγ˾Եѹơ
ڶ˶ҽ̻Ұ㣬Ʈ
һ̺Ĺ⣬֮ǰ㣬Ưͷķ
ڷұУľ磬ܵâѹƷ׷Ϩ
ֳɫ̬ţһŭıϢģ̬֮ڵǰ
ʱһɫƵɫȹѷ죬էй
ȹ£¶˾ӨƤ
ˣˣ
ĿʵزϵŭԨΪεֻҵѪ
һԨ·ͳҰѹ֡
Ԩһûʡ

һֻ׷ɵͷ۵ĳͷͣѤõɿţɢеӨջء
֮һգָһĸ̬ҲüԨôˣ
иҪ˵
ԨһڣͳƬ֮أ˷¡¡ը
ӴԨն̨ϵı̹˹֮˹ֵɣм˪ȵؿԨ
Ǵ˿ģǴϷģԨǾ߱
ǶؿԨ߱ŵıǰһͻȻɫ䣬Ŀ·ż䡣
ڱҪ飬ǾӴֹŮ˵궯
ôˣ
ħ̲סѯʡ
֮˹ͬһѽ⣬һʱᣬҲֲʤӷֲҪֹ
ԨͻȻۣŴħ񱴶̹˹ʵ˵ʼдصĴǺӣ
֮ʷٷħ
ħȻһЦƳһƨµĴأôĶܶ࣬㲻ͨأǴ½뵽ʲôɣǴأǺǴǺӣûʲôģ㲻ض롣

źͲŮʣնʱ֮ȹն̨ͣ¡
Ǵ˿̾ʼ򣬾ڴǺӵ
Ԩʯ쾪شϢ
ʲô
̹˹ն̨ǷȹֽУܣôܣ
һ˿أն̨ϷõֵɣԲԽվ
˪һ촽΢Ӭ૵ģ

֮˹ìһţն̨ϡ
ҲµܣʼĴǺӣԴ鵮֮أǶûнʼôǺӣ
ԨĵĿ⣬ǵɨûż͡
֪ǰ˶ҪʱŵϢ
˵ˣԨԼҲϢҲں񷴸֤ӡ֤
Ȼĸ֪ȷʵڣոըһ˸Ҳ˵Ͳ״Ǻӣ޾֮С
ԳͲ״ԨԴͻĽǺӣӦûеȫ
Դ֮ʹӺ뿪Դ꣬ȻҲ޾֮Уĳ֮ء
һ̣ע⵽컯ķţ
컯УŴ֮ĸ֮Դ顢ľĴԴ飬ĴԴܵʲôٻ
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ȡ˷䣬ն̨ͣ¡
˽ֻɫڣҲ˴ء
˶֪ʵ񣬿ԨıȺһĽ͡
Ԩ渵



ڶǧʮ СԴ
޾
ԨıΪħ񱴶̹˹ˣԴ硢ԨĽ磬ʼ򡢴ǺӵϵʱǾ֮֮ʷٷݡ
ͷСԴޣҶ
ʷٷݽɫϷһԽӲӵת˵⡣
СԴ˶ͷ­һֻϾȣǼ·ӡڶԴĽɫۡ
ṳ̂ʱ֮飬ûкͺ˹ؽӽ
ͷСԺСԴޣһռ֮˹ǰԦǳϷ˱һľ롣
㻹ʲô⣿
֮΢ЦԺͷʾԨԼѯʡ
ӭָĺ˹أʱ֮齥ͣ£в˺ɡ
˹ȻˣԨʷٷ֮䣬һʲô顣
Դ飬νԴԴ޵ķӣΪʼ⣬ʮoǣļ֮һΪԴ񡣡
ԨĿּ֮ȱݡ
⻰һӻĽ̫ʼĬr˷׷׵ͷ
ͬǼԴߣԨʮһ壬ĽԴѪ컯ԺΪܹȻ
ΪλĽλԴѪԨִʼ򣬲봴ǺԺûӭգ
oһû⣬ԴѺ룬ֱӽoᣡ
ȱݣʷٷȻһЦ
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غ
СԴ޷ͳ˻ƬɫŵϺСԴ޺Ȼ˹ڵǳɳ
һֱʹͷСԴޣ˻ʱ߸ߵͷ
СԴһɺѪͫſ֮ɫƼԵĹԡ
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ۺµ֮Ѫǿ飬żĶ
ʶ봴Ǻ֮ǰͷСԴޣڵž޴죡
ȣͷСԴ޴˿̴ʧ״̬
Σ֮ʷٷݲͷСԴޣȻųʷٷݣܵҪԶλ֮
ƫƫͷСԴĴ־壬ʷٷݣԾֹǹ졣
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Ԩ֪
봴ǺǰСԴޣ֮ʷٷݱֵĺǣԴԼһ㣬һĵͬ
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ԨţͷСԴ޵Ѫ֮ӦʹһѶϢȥڴǺӷʲô
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СԴ޵һģȵͺ
ͺһ֮ʷٷݶʱ죬ɫէֱ亮⣬ǸС
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꣡
СԴ޵ͷǣϾȴ̳һѪʡ
ĮǸϾ̻֡ۡͷСԴްУСԴ޵ͷѾѪˡ
һĻֱӿɵ˺˹غ̫ʼҲĬr˲֪롣
һһޣڽ봴ǺǰúõģСԴʷٷݣǡ
֮ʷٷݣԴӼͷСԴԺҲ൱ĳչˡ
һ·ʷٷݼεͣ£СԴһƬǺУɼĵرͷСԴ޷ٵĳɳ
֮䣬׷ʲô
໣໣
СԴزҽţˣҲ֪ʷٷģõʷٷݵĿˡ
ԨСԴ޵СԴҪ˼ˣҲԨҺԨĹͨˡ

ңԶòײŰԨ˵ʼ򡢴ǺϵţȻͷС
ŵĿڱǣ䣬ʳѪ
ץԼͷٲһ˳ɫͷץ߰㡣
ѪӦСԴޣƬ֮أҺԶԶڡ
żź
ѹ˲ñˣץͷͷų˷׼ƾͷСԴ޵ĸӦٶȸȥСԴޡ

ڷǽϷʱ֮ۡϰĿռΪһƬƬ߲Ѥõ磬ҫĹâ
ҪԷ˲ͨ˲ִСԴڣѪСԴ޾ȳ
ֻϧţɾ˿شޡ
޾֮УûǳûҲûиչƬʵʩռ䴩֮ǰ׷ѹ
ڶԷȥ
֪ʲôԨ˾ҪһۣοҲ˲ƹȥ
˭˭شͷɢС
ǴⲿУ㽫ɹ֮ʷٷݡԣԨȻ򣬡֮ʷٷݣǡ֮飡봴ǺԺԴ׷ױǣʷٷڵ֮Ѿ
ʲô
ʷٷݴˣԴˣ
˹ͿȣĻȻᷢ
ʷٷݣĿе䣡
λԴū۵ΰŮӣôܻᱻԴᣬôʼ֮У
ǲԸᷢ
Ԩȷ֮飬ʷٷݸˣħȻ
ֵɣˣм˪ҲϢ𾪵ĲѣҲ۰Ͱ͵ؿ
ȷ
Ԩһ˵Ȼ컯壬ԱȥǱߵ

̧һץն̨ģʾⱴ̹˹Ʋء
һ
ͷңҲţȻ䣬Ҳվն̨
Ҫ˺֮񣬻ʲô֮飡



ڶǧʮ ֮飡
ʷٷݡ
СԴ˻УԨɫأҿǰλʵݡ
Ŷ
ʷٷݵĮӦ̧Ͼȣ͵شȥ
꣡
СԴ޵ļӲͷǹǣţԨʱѪɫͫէһ⡣
ѪɫǵͫԨķλ
ҵһչ֣ԨܹؿҪԨ֮ġ
㲻ʵ
ʷٷݡһЦеϾӳСԴ޵ͷǹǴ룬ٴ򦴩
СԴ޵ʱһӲȻҵ˻ܴˡ
Դ硢Ľ߳ƵͷڡʷٷݡУνǲҲ̶ãҲӲжв
ǺӶ޴㾹ȻҲӭ˸գȡĿȨԨԽˣվʱ֮ǰżԦСԴޣеϾȣСԴͷǵ֮
㵽ʲô
Ԩһߡ
䣡
ԨԺ󣬺Ȼֳˡ֮֡תǣѪҪͷҵСԴŪԼǰ
ʷٷݣʱ֮˹һ
һ̣˹ضȻӦͨҲԴˣ
ӳ೾̫ʼĬr嶼Щ飬ҲϢˡ
䣬ԴˣЩoл·
ΪԨԣһֱ˺СԴ޵ġʷٷݡȻʹͣ¡
һͣµģзͷСԴޡ
СԴԭɺͫѱѪˮڲʶģǰĳ
ҰһƬѪɫ
˿İûڣȰûһʱأҲûʷٷݣ³
ԺǸʷٷݡִƵϾȣֱһɽͣ
ϾȴڣԺÿһ˼תᱻʷٷݡ׽Ѫκ춯Ӳʷٷݡĸ֪
һ·ʶ˶ʷٷ֮֮ǿѹԹ
ٴμԨ֪ԨĿֲȻһӦԨѯʣһ˿뷨
ʲô
ڡʷٷݡĽɫУһϷʵζkԾ˵ĺ˹˵Ѫ֮Ҳȼ飿
kϵĽɫϷһҫķŤвãԶĹϢͨkϵķͷš
kɫͫԨԺġ֮֡ҡҡͷ
һԨ߶֣Ȼб
Ѫ֮ǲһ˼
ʷٷݡеϾȣǶСԴ޵ͷ­Իҵ˵ԴͻĽģҪǹˣԴ
ءkͷжвСԴޣ㻹ãûɱ㡣
kϾȣСԴ̶ֶ϶ذ
ʷٷݴˣ
ʱ֮˹أץʱɳ©ˣڵ籡
ͼʷٷڣ֮ʷٷԺɱǰԴ顣
˹أҪ׷ˡ
ʷٷݡĮ̧Ͼȣңңָʱ֮񣬵ڻܻţֻڵʱ֮飬ڽʼԺ뿪ˡȻ㶼ûн봴ǺӵĻᣬ͸ñˡ
Ǻǡ
δȺ˹ؿڣkЦһֵνıֻԴһзʽԴͨţ뵽kǵڣ̸ߵкͻὥǻԡ
Դ飬ҲӵǱĵ
ҽַʽΪԴıؾɱ䡣ҿٳַʽȻ󾭹ʷٷݹΪЩoڵԴ飬СܹʼѡҲǿģܹƾԼǿûнʼǰת
˵ʱkƳһۿռ֮˹١
·һλǿޱȵĿռ֮飬ͨk˹٣ɹǰɱ䣬;˹
k赭д˵Ϊصࡣ
˹촽鶯ţȴ˵һ仰
νļԴ飬oķʽȻԴɱһֱؾ֮·
ԴȻַͨЩoǵڣ뵽ǵѪ꣬Ϊǵһָǵϲŭ֡
գԴƼɵԺ󣬽Ϊ飿
˹صصһУ·֮ݻˣ˱ʧǡ
أ
ϾȱԺͷ϶ѪСԴޣڱ
֮鲻żȥ߸֪Ϣ
Ƭ̺󣬵kȻת򱳺ǿǳ
kϵĽɫУʻϼ׷׻ӿһɰĿռܡ

ǼĽɫڣȻһ̲غƵռĹǿǳڶ׶
޾Ժ󣬾Ͳչ漣ǳkƶͻȻɡ
ܿ죬ǳ»ع鵽ȦĴǺӡ
ǳһȦԴǺӵĿռܣЩ׶뵽ǳڣͼҫĶڣ͸մ͵Ķ
ಣಣ
һӰͻȻͱǳӴǺӵһ
ж֮Դ飬жĽ֮Դ飬жǳ֮飬ˮ֮Դ飬ԯĻ֮Դ飬ͶϽɭĻ֮顣
ԴѪ֮ǿЩǳѨɳǳ档
ÿһ˶֮Դ飬¶Ժ󣬳֮⡣
ҲڴʱԨͻȻ֪ǳ֮飬ǰڶڣϲΰݵĶ֮飡
֮иİoҲЩѨ֣Ҳǳ档
֮ɣ
֮ɯ
֮ϣ
˹زԽأһλλϤo֡



ڶǧʮ Դ֮
ÿһo˹ؾͼһ
ʱ֮ɫҲԽԽأ֪һνoǣ˿ȫٴūˡ
ʷٷ˽ɢģڶԴطһı
ʷٷݴû֮飬ûΪԼˣ
һ춼û
ǿ֮ĴڣʷٷݵѪ꣬һֱǱĬӰʷٷݣkʷٷݲ֪һЩʷٷԼ벻ͨ
ǶôĿɱ
²⵽ʵĺ˹أδеۡ
ڶoΪ߸ϣΪѾˣԭ֮ǿԴ֮С
Դûַʽȥ飬ɱһ̵ĵ
ЦǿЦ
˹״شЦЦᶼˣȿ޶
Цʧ˻ģһ̵ľ֪Ϊλˡ

ǿǳ֮ϣԯ򡡢塢֮󣬻µo¶Ƕǵ³͡ȡ˹һ
Щǣеĸ徫е޽׵Դޡ
һ⣬ǶѵԴᣬ±ΪԴĿܡ
Щ½½ִʼ򣬻ڴǺĳѵԴ飬֮ѰٵԺǵ˼Ǻš
֮ҲЩԴǣʲôϲkǷ׷ӭɱ䡣
ϲkǴԴΪ飡
ڴǺæµ˺ܾãŴӸطҵkǡʷٷݵ֮飬΢ЦԺĵkǣǻԻôȵǿڶิУͲˡ
֮ʷٷ֮Ц˵ԨǸһһѲĶ֣kɱк͵kϹϵԴ飬ȫӭ

һǿǳһѨڷɳ̵ر֡
֮ĸ
̫ʼʧУͫͻɫ
ԨɫԽ̸֮飬ԺĴ֮ĸϡ
λһʼ򲻾ú󣬱ԨֵĴ֮ĸ嵽ǿڡ
kСԴһ·ǱϾȶã
kǻԣǳʱkע⵽ԨſҪ˵Щʲô
Ըҵģֻˡ
֮鵭ȻһЦȻڴ֮ĸĲԣǸkŵϾȣʹ˴˴ΣĴ֮ĸͷǺһ̴ͬ
ֻʣһ֮ĸʹ˲Ԩǰ
һưشеķĵ磬ǸϾţѸûڷڲ֮
kҲԴ飡
˹ؾȵ
kһԴ顣ʷٷݵ֮ͷ
kеǸϾȣڴ֮ĸʬУ֮ĸĲдԣƿصĴһɡ
kǼɫۣవش磬ؾ֡
Դ֮䣬ҲžͶ
֮ĮȻŴ֮ĸʬǣkϹ˳ңkҪЧҵĶȻˣҾֻʹ

֮Դ飬Դ飬ĻֱǳĲͬݳͬʱƯ֮
Դ飬ҲǺʹ֮ĸһ뿪ģɵkǵĻȴ
ȻkǺʹ֮ĸͬkͶϵľ
Ž׹Ů飬з·ǧҪ˵ɵkСԴ޵Ĳ״д֮ĸ³ֻǿŲ
ӦһֱԨǸһȻҾkģ
֮ߣkӦôԨļһ˵ȻԨԴꡣ
ԨԴǴԴȪ۷룬ȥⲿ磬ƺǴ֮ڶԴͳȨ
ʷٷݵ֮飬һʼ̤ʼ򣬾˺ںķ
ӣkλǿԴ飬Ǵ齨kԼԴͬˡ
ͬԴ飬ԨĽԨԴ飬һĶ֡
ȥǸСӡ
֮һеϾȣ͵ʾԴ鶯֡
ƯڵkԴ飬Զ˵ʱһֱȥ
Ԩң
֪޿ʱԿԴԨ񱳺
Ҳȥ
֮鲻´kָĬrӳ೾̫ʼк˹غˣȥᣬоĨɱǡһὫӡĴһذ
ڵk£˰壬򡣬ԯԴǣҲʱж

ԴǼԦſ֮ǿ貵ǳɳֱԨ˶
ҲĻ֮񡢰֮֮ͬǵԴƿԨڵʱ֮
֮ͷСԴޣȴͣǿǳûвս
ıѾڸ;ˡ
֮תλŽ׹Ĺ֮Դ˵һܸоǼ컯壬ܵԴ֮ٻѳ޵ȥ
ȻվҪһ䣬ҲãҲգ֮νϰǽͷݵĹԴ飬Ƴһ۴֮ĸʬȵkûôkֻǸԴڴ˶ѡ
ҵȻ֪kû͸֪kĸž컯塣
֮벻⣬Ź֮Դֵһ֪ĸҲ컯塣컯ƿ˵k
ϧ㲻һߺʵĶ塣
ʷٷݵĵkָָ˵֮Դռ壬ûкʵĶ㷢Ӳǿս



ڶǧʮ ԴĽ
Ļ̬Ĺ֮Դ飬ڵkԴζĻУرųĬ
֮Դѩ֪ԼȷʵûԿkҲ֮ĸֻʱΥԼԸ͵kί
ҲǲҲԸ˵䡣
ʷٷݵĵkһЩԴĶһĵغ͹֮Դ齲
ͬдﵽ̶ȣܼ沢ַߣҲ̫ࡣ
Լ沢ִеĹ֮Դ飬kԵЩӡ
kҲù֮Դ˳ضͨڴǺӵһǿǻkһЩ鷳
ˣkǰ֮ԴפڣϾ
֮΢Цڽʼ򣬺Ԩֵǰϡ
ʣһ̬֮Ĺ֮Դ飬֮޿κΣʱضûȱһܷӵkȫѪ
ԣ֮Դ⣬ڱ֮ԴĲϡ
¹⣬ͷһ£ı󣬲Ųæʱ֮ȥ
·쵽˹֮Դߣ򡱺ȻعͷŵkһЦ
ܼ沢ҵ̫ǳ֮ʾָ
֮ԴԲ֮˵С֮ɫߵһͨյĹ֮򡣵ʱǲͶϣҲɲˣ
֮Դɫ΢䡣
ǺǣȵkǸСѾͷԵûлӵˡ֮Ц˵
͸˴֮ĸǸϾȣʱҲk˳֮ĸǶʱҽ㣬ǿǳ
Ը컯еĵkʵҲܼ򵥡
֮еϾȣָ̫ʼĮȣͨk֪˵kĴذءȻأֻҪնɱ̫ʼ𣬵kûеڶˡ
ʷٷݡɫͫУ˸п֮ɫk̾һ
һ㳬ĴڣȻҪûܾչ
û˲򣬵kûǰǾ壬ʧȥ̫ʼһԷӳȫʢʷٷݵĵkĮȵһ׶ˣ
飬ǲñƣЩνȱݣҵ˽֮ԵkǲŻң
ʷٷݡеϾȣػţЩԺλ
ڰ壬򡣬ԯͷ֮񡢻֮ͷͻֳһĻĹӰ档
ǳ֮飬֮Դ飬ˮ֮Դ顢֮飬ЩoԺ·ڲʳǵʶͻǣĹŹ
ԴֻȾ߱Уܹϲŭ֣ԴΪԺ󣬲ҵİ취Щ͵kǶӦ֮ʥĹԣ˵һõkȫӵԼ
֮ԴСԴһ
ͬڴ˿̣ʱ֮ϵԨҲ֮Ķk˵ÿһ仰
Ϊʱ֮˹أЩoʱͷųһĹӣʱ֮⡣
ЩУԨܵ˺˹صİΰܵ˹
ʶЩ֮o˳Խ˹صĹӣ̫
ԴûлǰֻܶԼ𣬻߶ɱǵԻǡ˵֮飬kĽԶԶַʽжᣬֻǵkǵĿܣȻڵkǡ
ȫûĻǣڵkǣkҪȳͨʱߵԺӭɱ䣬Դ黯Ժ󡣡
ʱԲժʵԽԵˡ
ʷٷݡЦݲõ˵
⻰һ䣬ԨĿⲻԽ򡡢߮ȻоλĻǺʶԴʴ
֮ⷬµȵ򡡢塢ʳɾԺ󣬳ԱЩԴǣͻΪЩˣ
ͲǶˣǸߵһɱ䣡
ԴɱΪ飬ȥʳĻǣӶԼѪ֮
λǿ֮飬ΪеԴ飬ٳһ֮·
Ԩ
СС
ԨͷһͼһڵִͷʱΪһϪӣԹඥķʽҪע롣
ԴӦ֮飬ں˹ػûһչȥǰֱӽʱ֮Ϸޡ
ϸϪӣڲԴķǵkһʶĻϡ
޵۴УԨң֮ѵΪһ̣
ЩӡѪеģԴӦĴأѪһ̶ˮ
ŬܶѲ̣ǵ
ȻܶԴ鸳Լ͸Ҫ־ûһ취
ҲΡ
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һ̣ϪӾʹ˹ͷ
ȻԴϪӣû˳ؽ뵽Ժûܽɶᡣ
Ϫһֻֻ֣غڲȴǳ쾧顣
һۿȥ·ԴѪ½ڲļһԴѪ
ԨͻȻһֻ֡
תγһ鼫ֻ֣Դפʶ
Ԩ΢΢һԴĻݵһ뵽ֻУĺơ
Ҳڴ˿̣ԨУ뵽һСڵӡ
ܹݣ
ֻһԴ飬ֻҪûפûһʺϵkѪ֮һڷǿoУkûսġ
ҲֻڶԸʱƾkԴĴƣ־ܡ
⣬ʱ֮ϵκˣkûж֮ǰƾһ궼δǶ֡
ԨһתѪ⾫ĺ֣ǽԴֱûѹ˱С
ͽңҪҳȥҲû취
ԴɥͷԨĺִ֮
Ԩֻ֪һĻԴ飬ҲǺ±֮ɱ֮£Ż¡
á
Ԩͷͽֻ֣Ǻг롣
뿪ɺȻڣڵһҲɼ
ݣݣ
ʱ֮֮⡣
һʱĹӣں˹صƿ£鶯ĳ߰㣬ΧǱص鼮Ʈš
˹ͷŵЩӣӻʱӰo
Щʱ֮ģ򡡢塢ԯԴ飬ıoǣٽʱ׷ܵʱӰ죬ûٶֹۣԵùŹ֡
һǲӲֶʱʧ룬˹ȥʱ⡣
ΪµǣȻĺ˹أץʱɳ©ͷͨʱȻչֳʱ⵹
ʱ⵹Ǻ˹Ŀֲͨ
ʱ⵹֮£ЩԴǣֱkѹƵģѱQǣҸȼļ
ͺñȵkڽʼԺʼ򡢴ǺӶԴһԼʶ
ʱĵkǷ·𱻺˹صǿûжǰ
˹صkǸе־壬Ҳ̾λûԴĸߴãȻ˵Ѳ

һԭǿ֮ǰҶû
ӹһٵߴİãס̾
еսʷٷݵĺ˹أȻڵʱ֮뿪Ժ󣬿ƿʱ
ǿ¶ʱʱɳ©ͷųһ֮ͽס
ڶoɷطˣû׵̫ʼĬrˣʱİ



ڶǧʮһ ׵ѱ
˹شˣʵӦʷٷݴ֮ǰġ
ʱ̣ӳ೾Ȼһعά
ʱ֮뿪Ժû˿ʷٷݴˣѱڵԴᡣˣҾ˲ԷƱ
ʱַ֮ʽҪ˹صعǣʱ֮Ͻܡ
ӳ೾ͿˣԴӵ֪ʷٷݱ֮ᣬ־֮һԴǣ˹ԵЩ־
ĺ˹أԲڽг̣ҲԷʱ֮ǿս
ӳ೾ڣԲϵع˹أλʱܹ֮άǵȫ
Ԩ񣬿˿ӳ೾Ҳ˹شˣ㱾ͺǿ󡣡
̫ʼҲȣҪ
Ԩıڸ;Уշ򲻿ɶã޷һ
ǿƵ֮飬ڶڵkԴ飬Ԩ֮Ǻѵߵ
˹رҲҪվ
һǿġ
˹ҡͷͫеĻҰ֮ɫȴһȥ
âҫ
ʱ֮ʱɳ©ڵʱʳȥԺ󣬻һĹӣoһܽӽʱ֮顣
е򡣬İ壬ԦԯһӴͷŵĹӣͱӻĳԵøˡ
ף
ʱ֮ϣԨڹ˹֮ͻȻԯ
ԯڣҲжһλԴ飬Դ飬ԨոնƬȷˡ
kǺݵصλŵ֮׵ļףҲԨԴ׷ߣ
׷ԨԴĵkΪλԯڣʲôʱ֮ߵһˣ
Ԩ󲻽⡣
ҡ
ԨkźڹӵġԯǺһЦȻ󳷡
kûԨٴδ𻰣Ťͷʷٷݵ֮飬˵λʱ֮Ȼǿ֣ͻЩӲסŪãǺͱ𣬿ܻٴηһݻ
νݻǱkǶЩʱ⵹׷ѣӶѹŵkǣkЩԴݷ
ţ֪˼ҲΪԺ˹ص
֮ͷkȻͼ׹ͨҵkԴ׵̬ȣԺͶԴ֮Դ鲻ͬ
Լףk̬Ⱥ׽ƺʶˡ
Ⱥʱ֮鱣־ɡ
k´ʹöԴǣشӹӳ롣
ԴԽԶkǾԽڣkѹסߵʶֶһƬš
ʱ֮˹أǰࡣ
ʷٷݵ֮飬һ˫ɫ˺˹ء
ĽɫۣĹ磬kҫٴʼ˽ںϡ
һɺԴİأڵkͷš
ӵkϵĽɫɢݳֲ͸ͷ˵СԴޣøСԴϵɫܺӲǻĽɫ
СԴ޵ͷغţԵÿ־ƺֲҪˡ
Ҳʱ
ԯļףͻȻʱ֮еԨ֮ҹңںܾúܾǰͷСԴ޵ĵ죬Ҳгġ
ͣһk·˵̫ô˵ɣ̩̹ûнǰݻǱһԴʱkҡ
һԨɫ΢΢һ䡣
̫ʼĬrӳ೾ˣҲ׵Ļ𾪣û뵽ʷٷݵ֮飬ȻǸʱԴ硣
ʱû̩̹ûкݵķ٣ûĻԻ͡
ϵ̩̹ԨԴ꣬ʹԨԴںݵġ
ǺǡԯļЦص˵Բһ£Ǵʲôʱ𣬺֮ߵһġ
ȥ¡
ԨЦӦ
óԨԴ껹ûǰӦþͺ֮Ӵʱʹͬˡ
Ȼںܾúܾǰλױģ˺֮Яֵ뷨
ôkԨԴ˳ӣû֮ı⣿
ԨԽԽÿ¡


·ܵĳٻһĽ֮ͷڷХ컯壬ͻȻͣһ
컯彫ٶȷڸ֪ʲôжʲô
ԨǾӴѪ֮Ҳ컯ı䶯ٶȽŻ
˿̡
ıѼԦն̨һ뿪
ʵѪ֮ͣŴء
صĳվŴħ񱴶̹˹֮˹֮ȣֵɡ˪
Ҳµһߡ塣
ֻһĻפսڱ뿪ԺͻȻ˵ӻĽĴ֮ĸǾѪ֮նɱң֮齫kĴطҲˣ뵽Ǽɫۡ
ͬΪԴ飬kɱ˴֮ĸ̹˹ɻ
ͨԨʵʱת棬ħ֪֮ʷٷݣҲ֪һ˵ޱ߽磬˿̷ʲô
֮ĸϹԹ˳ӵk
Ԩԥһ䣬껹߲ԨʱҲΪk˳ԨԴ꣬ǿ½ŻķѣkŻӭ䡣
Ĺ֮Դ飬ľԴܹΪԴʶȤ
ҲΪԨԨ֮ʱڣ̳оŹ̨֮棬ľ̨̨档
kǺй
ħ̾һ䣬Ż컯壬kԸ˳֮飬ҲϹ˳ԨԴ꣬ôkǣ
ʼУһλΪصԴ飬kܵλٻԨ
Դ֮飡
̹˹Ⱥ͹˹ͬʱһ
ʮУڶǻȺսŸߵôڶԴӦҲиߵ֮֡
Ҳżҵľ
صԴ֮飬Ԩ뿪Ժ̳˺ݵԴ꣬沢ԴǣԴѪͼλټʼۼo֮顣
kԴ֮䣬ƺҲŲͬ
˹ȣں˵һ˵νԴ¡
ĻͨԨ֮еõϢϸ˱̹˹λo
Ԩǣڵ֮֮飬ûʧ
Ҳǣ֮ͨʷٷɢģԴԴɱΪһַʽ
Ժ󣬹˹ͿȫĬˣڴġ
ҲʱԨǾſ֮Ӵͫ컯塣
컯ͣ
ɽڲһֱԴ֮ٻĴ֮ĸ쵽ǾѪ
ͷĴ֮ĸҵѺ󣬾ͽ֮鼵ˡ
ƿ컯Ĵ֮ĸ˿֮Իͣ£ԥҪҪԨıǰ㣬ȥ֮λˡ
ȻƬ̺컯ٴκХȥ
֪ǾŵĴ֮ĸʶkǹȥˣҲû취в֮飬ԼѭԴ֮ٻ
Ǹô죿
̧ͷħ񱴶̹˹ֿԨӦûڵԴôǱƵk뿪Σ
֪һˣԴԺ󣬶ɹǰo˹Ϳȶʱˡ
ΪԨͷųġ̳׶ɱ˻֮;綾֮飬Դͣ
λo֪νļԴʵڰԴɱ䣬Ϊ˱֮Ͻɭ㱻ڵԴᣬֻ
û£kǵkǻ
Ԩĵ˵


֮ǼɫʵȾƬСԴ޵ϺϺΪһƬĽɫ
֮kԴ龫£Ҳ˳ɫ
ŵkһǿʶ
Ԩң
Ԩң
ֱԨԺ
СԴޣԺȻ֮ʷٷݣ
ʷٷݣ֪ͨʲôʽԨԺ
kͷСԴޣҪͷСԴޣΪkһ޷ڶิӵԴ򣡡ʷٷݵĻʶԨԺƮԨ֮Ҫʲô
ԴѪִƵУֻԨĽԴڣkһֱ޷
ֻСԴް飬ļѪ̺֮ԴѪУܳڶԴķ򣡡
ȺѪǣǿҲֻܳܵһģбܼݵԴ鷨򡣡



ڶǧʮ ۸
ʷٷݺСԴ޵ͬʱ
Ԩ𶯣ʷٷݴѶϢУϤ֮ΪΪ˼ͷСԴޣ
k֪СԴ޵ķŪһͷСԴΪkԼ׼ģ
ֻСԴޣԨǿѪ飬̲ԴѪУܳڶԴĴأ
ƫҪѰɣ
һɫۣϾȵ֮üһ;λĺȣk俴еϾȡ
ȵײһƮĻӰ֣ʷٷݵĲд֮ꡣ
ʷٷݵĲл꣬ƮвƺʱϨ
ʣôһ㶫㻹Ҫʲô
֮ʷٷԺѽǲʳĲֻ࣬һʶڷУʷٷݼ֤k׳١
kû뵽ʱʷٷݾȻɲģͼԨ
ڵkһ߹ϾʷٷݵĲл꣬Ȼ֪û˺δҲûһ˿Ϣ
ͬʱ
kϵǼɫۣΪһƬĽɫ⺣̸ڿ캰صСԴϡ
СԴ޵İʱö϶ӿĲϺǼɫڸԺƺ˷۵һ֡

ʷٷݵ֮飬͸⣬ЦŷµСԴޡ
kնɱԴ飬ڶԴĴ뵽ɫڣΪгһЩµĴһޡ
֮ʷٷݣǿ壬޷ڵ
ͷСԴȴԡ
ڵk׳ɫ۽СԴڸʱkǴٶȣͷСԴԵkطû
СԴ޵޻꣬kȫȫkΪˡ
ʷٷݣԵkԲһɰˡ
kվo壬Ҫkȫʶ򣬾СԴޡ
СԴҲǸо˵kǱɱľģ֪k㶯ˣŻƴȡ

Ǽɫ۶ԺֻϾȣһɫʴ֮飬ǿſռ𵴵ǳ뿪
屾Ǵ㶪ġ
kڷʱԲ̫Ŀ⣬ſŵһֻ֡
ûлȡһ磬ԴѪУͲѪ֮Ϊҵ塣kһԽеoʱ֮ǰ

һΧʱ֮ţץʱɳ©ĺ˹أ
ں˹صĶͷصӰ֣Դ
Ȼӳ೾̫ʼԨϵĹ裬ȼ־ͼʱ֮oƣûһܿӽ뵽ʱ֮顣
Ҳ֪ǷҸոջ֤
Ȼλʷٷݵ֮飬ѹɽ
кܳһʱ䣬ں˹صĿУʷٷݡľУҪԶ׷ȥ䡣
ʶͱĳŵԴ鲻ͬλʷٷڵ֮飬Ӧôʼնѣ
kԵkǱĬӰʷٷݣʷٷݻȻΪk¡
һֱʷٷݶǵkĿܣʷٷݻΪԼԤδΪԼδá
ȴ֪Ƕ֮յ֮
˹أעҪġ
Ͼȵ֮飬һ˫ɫȻظһĻ档
ڵkһԽɫڲ˺˹ظߴ׹ըѣʱɳ©飬ɳһصĻ档
kеĺ˹Ѿˡ
˹ըΪǧٿİͷǲɳ©ʳĽɳȫ˵ź˹ص
˹شأһԽɫ
䣡
˹صʶʱ䷨ͻȻ˫ɫ˸Ӧߣ
һ̵ĺ˹أڣҲԼ
ҫ֮ߣӺ˹صĸ֪ɳһԽɫӡ
ϸĽɫ˿ߣƺź˹ص򣬱λʷٷݵ֮Уµı֯͡۸ģ
kܸı򣬵kܹߣǰδ
ڵkʱԨֱk˷Ӱ죬ƺԼ˱ƿصĴֲ
֮ĮȻ˹أȶˡ
ǸϾȻӿһƮkһԽɫͷ˹ĻΪʵ
꣡
˹еʱɳ©ͻȻѿ
һΧʱ֮ŵģڶĹӣ˶ͣס
Ҳʱ
ʷٷһԽɫڣʳ˽ɫѪλ·ķɣڿѡ
۸ı˵ˣʱ֮˹ص֮Ҳ˴ۣ
kᣬ˵Ѿʷٷݣ꣬Ų̶ͬȵ˴
ԨҲͻȻףΪ֮һֱСԴޣûż϶
kǿֲ˹һǿoʱkԼҲ亦kҲķɡ
kҪڹؼʱ̣ȥʷٷݣӵkֲ
Ʃڣ
kһԼʶͨǼɫ۶СԴʵʩɣȥתƵkͷ
һߣkһʶʷٷݵʩչͨ
ڵkСԴԺ󣬵kҪʷٷݵģҪʶתƵġ
תǰkȻҪﾡãҪȥһ¡

ʱ֮˹أǾ߸ߴİ壬ǽڷ׷׿ѡ
ʱɳ©ѣɫʱ֮ɳʣͺ˹شһԽɫĻֱһģһ
ƺҲԤˣϾͻ׹ǱҪ֮еĽ
ǾȶˣѲ˼


Ԩڸ·ı̳ͷųһľӨ̨ڣȻӦ𼸴

ӵھŲĻ̨֮У͵ͷųӨ⣬˲ҫ·̨档
̳ӦһλλѾѹסʶԼӭ˸պ



ڶǧʮ ǵķ
ն̨ϷԨ紩޾ʱգͶ䵽޵ı˰
䣡
Ưͷġ̳ϵ׳󣬽һΡʵľɽ
ɽ͸ز֮ϣ
ƵԴÿһ㾧Ө̨ͷţڶవԴĵ󣬲ظ֡
ţɽġ̳鱻𺳡
ĸйУ𲽷Ŵ׳̳֮ޣһѪ⡢Ǿ̳֮ڡ
ǵھŲ㣡
Ӧǲ̨棬ӨУâڶĴ֯·𴫳ܽ
̨棬ǧ귨Ľ㣬СԴϵýܡ
СԴ޴˿ܵʹ֮࣬Ǽɫ۵͸ãСԴѪǵȾȻҲܸͬܡ

ԵھŻ̨֮İܣΪһӨ⣬·ÿһ̨棡
̨֮棬ˮ̨֮棬̨֮棬̨棬ȫڽĹע
Ԩ˼ʶŵӨ⣬ͨ·̨棬ɢ֮еļλԴ𣬶ʱ˻֮ӣ
ͨġ̳Ԩܿ컯ĴԴĶ֮ܿһĻ꣬εҽеСԴޡ
⣬ԯ򡡢塢ҲһһǺ̳͡Ӧ̨С
ЩóԨ֪ڵǣΪ֮£ͬԵԴʹŷ׷׿ʱ֮顣
Ǳ㱻˹عӵʱӰ죬ʱ⵹
Դѹڣڱǣòʱ⵹ѣȻƴҪѰ
ԭͺԨġ̳Ӧǿҵ־ҲڴԨ
֮вص򣬿Ԩ̳ߵĻ֮Ӧȴ޵Ӱ졣
Ȼ֪ЩʶڣֻǱԴѹڣȻҪЩա
ܵĴݲӰ죬ʹݰܣλ𿹺Դ顣

ôȥʱطֵھŲĻ̨֮棬Ȼޱȵ
һɹɼȴۻܣӨķʽ׷ע̨ͬ档
Ҳע뵽Զһ˵ڶǵ꣡
֮ͨʷٷѪķشԺ˹صʱԯͻ䣡
ԯʶѳһƬɻ̾͵ÿһʶһ
ããĻϷһŻǧ淨Ĺȼա

ųҵĻ򣬻ľӨ磬ҷǣҲڻڷš
磬أͻصĴڻڣ
ǲߣֻҪڵĵУܽΪƺܱΪһ֮
׵ִʼ򣬺֮Ժ󣬵kķõ˳
֮ǰԵkĳŵʼбһһ֡
־ļף緢Ŀ
㣬ȥΪ㣬ֻҵĵһ
ԲĻӰƯȼյĻУĮȼյĻ𺣣Ҳϣ֮㣬һܳرԴ壡
kڻںٺٹЦԴԣ֮ԣΪβɣ
kҰĲk̰Ļk㣬ԶϨ
·ػݼţkǻԶȼȥǻѰkһɱ䡣
ȼյĻ򣬱ǵkĴţǵkʶͷۺϡ
ִʼԺԴ㲻ҪǳҲҪڡ
ʼԴԶڣҲɻ
kĴŴ˿ԯڣk͵ԯΪһλǡܳڵkĴ
kƬڣĻӰȫԯĻ̬֮
𾳵ԯ걻ɢѹڻڽз
ÿһԯĻӰڵΪ𺣵һ֣׵ʶǻ۾ͻһ֡
kսԸԳذԯһС
ڵkİźҪ£ħkΪ֮ˡ
ͻȻ
ڵģԯдһӰҫӨĹԣ
Өһ֣ʧȥֿ־ԯ궸Ȼ͵
ÿһڻڵԯԭܹƶڱӨĹƶţǾѸٵںϡ
գ֮䣬ٸģõĻӰΪһ
ԯ֣
Ļ𺣣屻ӨĹԹţһĳ磬ЩӨʱȻը
걻ϴһޱǿʵԯʹ˿ŻϷĹ
ֻһۻԺоͶͼص֪ʶ·п֪׵㣬̵Ӧͨʲôʽס
ǣ̤ʶڵ棬滯һͷ񱩵Ļ˼׵Ĵš
ۣ
µ˲뵽˻ڣֺļ֮꣬չɱ
ĵӨ⣬ȻʼմţұԽԽŨ
ԽսԽͣϹעȡ֮֮ߵ
Դ꣡
ڳȼյĹУ˱ĿУƺ֪пµ鷢ˡ
ͣ
ӡԯͫУʳ˻֭ˮһԯģԵüΪɲ
kú˹صİ׹Ǹѵġʷٷݡ־ؼеԴˣǵkڰԨЩ𣬵kڸԤһս
ΪʤȯգϾɱ˹ص֮飬Ҳɫ䡣
ݷԨλԴ֮꣬ΪͬԴУΪǿһλ֡
Ҵ˿̵ԨԴ꣬ʼʹǺӣĳǱţ
kԶʷٷݵ壬ͷСԴޣԵkĳﱸԴڴǺӻιȦǰһսk¡
ʷٷıˣСԴ޵˺ۣkǰһӵ
԰ԨԴͣ
Ǽӣڹؼʱ̵ĵԨԴܴkδܹԴ꣬δܿж
ԨkɵǳòܣԴ¶ͷ
ɵk֪ǣйڵӨԣͨԨ̳ͨھ̨ͷš
kҲԴĴںۼҲӦԴĶ
ɵkȴܸоЩڵkԴǣ궼ڳӯԴƺ⣡

㵽
Ҳ㣡
Ż֭ˮģҶɲġԯʵĻŭҪԴھ
ͻȻ
֮Դ򡣬ҡͷβųɫĹԡ
ƬƬɫ۵ķ϶УȻҲҫӨԣ긴գס֮ԴȾ
໺
ಿλһ˺ѷε
ͼһͷĻƽʵӨԹţԼڲײһɽ
ɽʼ֮ԴĴš
⻬Ľɽ棬ʱ¶̵ĽɫŵkִƵĴ򣬶ɫɽǵkӿģŨĽ֮
kɽģͨһС
ͻһɰ򡣬ڰ˽֮ԴĴѹԺ󣬾Ȼ϶ϤˣӦȥζԸ֮Դİ취
ײɫɽ
֮ڽɽһشУ׽ɽ
ಣ
ѪͷƽŽɽ¶ֱɽڲеĽ֮Դ
İ壬֮ԴĲ򣬱ˮ֮Դ
һģȫԨġ̳ѣ˲ļӳ֣



ڶǧʮ Կ
ǵķ׷ѣͻȻǣ֮ͼ
ֻʣһ̬ȴȻԵĹ֮Դ飬Ŀ⣬Ԩ֮
kȻܸоĵ
k֪չ¶񼣣ģԨ̳
˿̵ĵk˽սһ֮飬һԨ
k˸񣬻ƵƵڱ֮ԴĲϣȺʻᡣ
ڣkԺ󣬳Ǽɫķ۶СԴʵʩɺͻȻΪһĿâ
꣡
kĿâһ񽣣˲üģ
âһ롣
ڲʶ˿Ⱥ貣²棬Ž׹Ĺ֮Դٿһ֣㶢һֲ¡
һ±յʶפ֮ԴͲսµĲ顣
֮Ĳ򱾾еǿߣԺ֮Դ飬̳ѹû·硣
ӨԹŵĲ꣬һƬǺӣϲʳ֮Դʶ
㻹ȼ֮ͨѰԸҵİ취
ڹ֮ԴԺ󣬵kĮĿ⾫׼˲ڣλ֮ԴһʶЦЦҵ𶼴

kһԶԹ֮չÿһԹҫʥԣk׵ĹȻ
Ⱥе£ͷ֮Դʶڱдɱ
ҺѸ֮Դ飬ȥԨһ֮
֮Դ쫷һɨȺǼ䣬kֲ͸ЩǳУֱӲ壡
һƬȻǺУͻȻӿֳĹ
һǳ֮Уǳ֮ս·硣
ʹԨ̳ѣ츳ʲڵİ壬Ժǳ֮鿹⡣
ûй֮ԴֵĻ
壬㡣
һ԰ع֮ǳڲڰıͻȻ͡
Թ֮ģͻǳĹεģ޴֪
ɰȴ̵ظоΪһԹ֮ĳ֣ǳȻȫȵ
ǳ֮ɱһӾͱõʮ㡣
֮Դ鱳ˣ
ıԴ飬ۼҷڲҲȻ
ϽɭĻ֮飬֮顢֮Դ飬ۼԺ󣬴ӻĽⲿˣͬ쵽˲
Ǽɫ۸СԴ޵ϣڽʳᣬڲʳСԴ޵޻ꡣ
ʷٷݵ֮飬˿ȫԸ˹أƺʱڲ
ЩԴǣ֪ǺãkǶ֪ʲô
ʱ֮Ϸ
㲻ġ
ԨǾ֮Ȼ˿֧ţȴһ취ûĺ˹ǰ
ܼ򵥡
һֻ֣˺˹ѵļ򣬽ڵ뵽˹ذĹǺ
Ƕ֮컯ܣ˹ѵĹƱϡ
ΪһͬɫıΣʱ֮˹ڡ
еĺ˹أʯУ֮ɫĨ
ңһţôţ
ԵԼ˵ĺ˹أԼľӨֹǣǡػһ¾ǣϲĻţ
Ҳʱ
Դ֮ͨ˹صİ׹֮쵽Ԩ֮ҲҪ۸ˡ
ҪŤҵҲǰ̤
ԨŶʷٷݵ֮飬ֿЦƾ㣬ҲøĶҵˣ
ͫѿʷٷݣɫͫƬkԨЦ
kԤе˻ᷢɺ˹ϾҪˣk᲻÷
֪أҲ֪һҪһԣ
kߺŻϾȡ
̺˷ʷٷһлڵȨȣнһƬƬγ
ٸѤϾȵĻӶγɣһӴС
˵ֻһͷСԴޣҪҵˣҲǳ˵ΣԨЦŪأڶѤõ
䣡䣡䣡
ͻȻ䣬ѽߣЩ˶Уڡʷٷݡɫͫڸ¶
ͬʱԨЩ۸ӵ֮ߣ鼰Ԩĸ
ıǾʵӴѪ⣬һ֮ͬײ
ִصԨȫɢݳ˸Ե֮ߣ֮鶼ܹܡ
ֻǣЩԨ֮ͬߣȴܹ֮壬ܹǿȥıġ
ԨƿصĴУ֮ϣλ֮ĿǰȨġ
ۣ
ӡʷٷݡĿУͻȻ籡ŨѪkɫѪˮǸϾȼ
kȻʧɫ
kͻȻˣkʷٷݵҪ۸Ԩӵ֮ߣûһ˿Ŀԡ
ֻҪԨͺ˹һֻҪ˲ֿk޷ԽԨɱ˹أ
kڽѣkҪǷֵĻ˹ؾͻᰲȻkǰһŬ׷ѡ
֣kʷٷݽܷɶҵkɴԨɸı䲻Ԩˡ

ͻдĿĻâӲͷŶҫĸoֽвѡ
ݽһá
һȻڰıðͷkĽСֵڰĺף
ಣ
һâkӰԺ뵽
˵ûҪܷ
kƳһۡʷٷݡЦ˵ڣٴεõ˲ͬʱ

õƿȨĵkһһֻͫڣȻֱֳͬ
kһֻ۾ǲȻǺӣǳܻ̬֮һֻ۾ֻһҫ
ǳ֮֮Դ飬kӲͰܻ񣬱kѹڲڣ
ɵƯ
ӳ೾һĻܵظߺ֮̾Դ



ڶǧʮ Դ
֮ԴԲ֮һѹԴ飬Ȼ
⣬ǵkȫ̬
k¶ܺӳ೾ҲԨѹ
˿̣kСԴ޵ͷһȦȦɫĿռ䲨ڶıԴ鶼սľ
ͤͤġ򡱣״ɣЦˣҲη

߾ϾȵʷٷݣǾѪ֮Ȼƣһɫ⣬ʷٷݻһ뿪
ǸϾȣͬʱ֮ߣͼƿڶ
ʷٷݣվܲס˿ֲķǰ
Ҳ֤ʵ֮жϣ˵kŪСԴжôǡ
һɫ⣬֮פʷٷһʶkҪеٶСԴޡ
ӵһеСԴޣܳصkЩռģڶԴĴУܳܵkܵķɣ
Եk˵ʷٷѪ̫ˣȵʱڶʱָᱻΪѪ
СԴȴͬ
kͨŵСԴޣΪͷСԴޱkȫԺ֮ܳķɣ
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Ԩ壬ʷٷݱһ̣һͻȻ
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ʷٷݵĲлڷмС
λ峤Ԩܰţæڷȵͷһȵƣ
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ͼЩܹģһشص֮С
·ϾʷٷݣָϽԨ˵СǸԴ꣡k֮սkֲУkӦþڸ
һЩ֪Դֲǣʱɫ
ԨԴڸӳ೾÷·ĴԴߣֽеԨҿ
ԨȴʱȻ˻ڵԯ쵽Ρ
ԯͫһֱʵЩ֭ˮʹֹסˡ
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󣬶ʱĿѣͷСԴޣΪԼ׼֮飬֮Դ飬˭ҪԵҵ
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ԨĮԶԣǰ㣬û
ͷСԴˣҵδҲûˡźȵ
û˾ûˣҺθɣԨܲˡ

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kϴݹkԨkͬɱ֮顣
kҲԨ취֮
kҪСԴڣֻ֮ɢʱõһСԴ֡



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ԨĴԥûӦ֮Դ󣬶ںʧ
Ұ͹ԵĹ֮Դ飬ǳûСԴޣᷢʲô޷Ԥϡ
ͻȻڸͷСԴ޵Ľɫۣҵطӿ
֮͹֮Դ飬һƬɫķչ˼ɱ
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ӿеĽɫڣˡ򡱼Ҳǹ֮Դڡ
֮ûг׼СԴǰkɫܷӵޣΪkʧȥʷٷݡ
۹֮Դ飬ȴӵ֮Ĳ򣬶򻹴۷״̬
Դ鶼ûѪ֮û֮ԴִƵ͵򣬲
һֱԴشȱݣ
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֮͹֮Դ˭ʤʳΪԴǿ
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ڷ۵Ľɫ棬ҫĵ磬֮ͬߣΪһشصЩԴ׷׽˸Ӧ
һ̣֮顢֮顢֮Դ飬ʱо֮ķԸͻôѵ³
ԴȻʶk֮鴫ڵķʽkǵʳɾʱҲ֮顣
֮ʷٷݣ֪ЩԴԴĸվѣ泼ڵkԵkķʽûӵѪ֮һһһۡ
ߺԴǣֻҪԵkķʽ֮߱ڵkУ
kֻҪһЩԴ֮ߣͻΪȶʵ
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ͻȻЦѵĽɫŤţһҡεĽɫǡ

ǧ澫ԯҲǼɫ۵Ϸ˵ϽɭĻ֮ء
壬Ҳ׷ΧɫۣԼͬȥ
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oԴǣǼλ˫ǼɫԱɱ
һǼԴһʳoԴ飬˫׷ױǼɫ۸߿ɱذ
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ʱɳ©Ҳˣڽͷʱɳһռӿڡ
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һ˻ڽսԴ飬ʱ֮ϵˣǸϾȴǳʱ֮м޵Ԩȫ˳ƿǿǳ



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һۿȥǿǳ쳣ڴǺӡ
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ǹ⻬ľڣʶ˹غӳ೾˵ģλһռ֮ĲлʶЩŵġлۡ
ԣ˹٣
ӳ೾Ȼ
ĿԾ֣ϸƬֽ̣е˹٣ǿռ֮飡
˹أǳ֮ϸܵʱ֮飬ӳ೾оȻܵռ֮飡

Ӻ˹ȥʱ֮飬ʶʱĻۣΪһʵĲȻӡ
ӶȻ֣
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ڶࡰÿһ鶼̲źƵĿռпռ֮ʶ
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ռ֮飬Ȼڴ˵ظֳ˵ԴȻҲУ
һռ֣һʱ䳤ӵĹᴩ޲˵ռʱ֮飬ѾǿԴΪͬˣ
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ԨУǸϾڵʷٷݲл꣬غգ̾ϢҲֹһεأѹڵλԴ飬õkСǱڰԴ꣬û뵽kջûܶʷٷݣ֪ԴĿֲѡ
ಣ
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֮͹֮Դ飬kͻȻͬʱڹֽС
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ԨеǸϾڣʷٷݵһл꣬Ҳʱ䡢ռںϵĴƣڷڶˡ
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Ԩôһ˵ͷСԴҲ׶ˣ֪СԴ޵
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ʱ䡢ռԾֹڼ䣬Ԩ֪ʲô֮֮Уֻʣ֮ڡ
ģȫûˡ



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Ժ֮޷쵽ʱ䡢ռ侲ֹʱԴ꾿ʲô֪Դǽпɼ֮ŲˣֱӶɱڴˡ
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ԯߣѪų磬ûԴ飬ҲŨŨʶչȥĸ֪ҲԴĶ
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ڿǰˣ߻Ǳ߻ȳ쳣

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Ԩⲿǵ꣬ʧҵĸ֪С
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ԨǾӴ֮Թ֮Դ˵һ䣬ٵװ͵kһǵԴ֮˵
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֮Դ黹Ҫͼ䣬ͻȻԨӴѾۡ
kһ̾Ҳٶ˵ʲôûɽڡ
Դ֮أ
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ѡ
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ħߣ·Ӵ֮ŵвɼĺƵ૵Ӧû漣
컯ٴκХ
ڴǺӵȦѰһԨʲôҲû֡
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죬һ벻س컯ǰ
һڰϣƯ֮УԽ컯壬¶һЦλþò
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̹˹ӴػȻ취ۣǷȣֽеһ뵽֮ôҲ˵أ
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Ϊ׷ڰ̴Ц죬ۿԨԴͻĽҲ·ȻȻس硣
ѡΪڰԴ飬ѾԶԶ֮Դ顣
һΪ֮Ĳһʤ㶼û
ڰԴԶԴ飬ûԽԨԴ꣬λڰԴ
ʾ֭Ҳû𰸵̴Ц죬ʹ˴뵽硣
ѰҲ⡣
˾ʱ̴ЦٺٴЦ
Цպɫͫг׳һƬڰ컯ͣס
Դ鶼ֵkȫ࣬Ѫ֮˫Զܺദġ̴Ц



ڶǧʮ ħ
̴Цۿ컯壬ԴԴ̬ȣ˿̷˾޴ı仯
УɢԴǣƺ࣬С

һ·ŵ컯壬ȻҫĿԣĿâΪУԴ׵ĴС
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̹˹ֽħڰ;ͣ£ע컯塣
ħһ컯ͷ֪ԵĹ֮Դ飬ע컯壬Ƶ̴Цĺڰ谭
컯峯̴Цɽ壬ҫǳ´ŹԵ
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컯տŵĹ켣δ˿ͣ٣
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ŭ̴Ц죬ֿЦúãҾ뿴沢ǳԺܷƿҵĺڰ죡
䣡䣡䣡
̴Ц챳ޣһɳڵĻƮĺڰ磬ա
ħͻȻ۸ߺڰ죬Χͺڰ衣
ڵĻУ鲼Ųȱºڰ򣬳ֳڶ໯żڰء
ڰĻŵڰ򣬲ԨĺڰԴ衣
Ϸˣ̴Ц챳޸¶ڰĻظܵ·вͬʱڵڰС
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䣡
ֳһص֮࣬ڰĻǰЦʱһֻ֣ſס컯ǰ֮·
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컯屬ĴĿâǳУֻڰ֣뺣һ㣬Ϣرڰڡ
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±εӴľȻ컯֮۰εضҶҫӨĹԡ
ŨĲľҺھ޴Ľľ֦УԴ֡

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һ˶򣬷·ǽľĹʵ˶سڽľ֦Ҷϡ
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ԴֵĻ֮󣬳һҪʥĲ̬ȣžͲ̫Ծ
ֲǵĿȣȫ˵kԭȵԣõkΪ˿ȵܻٵһе·ߡ
˭ҵڵkǳʥ֮·ϣkǾͻٵ˭
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ڵkһľϣ˿̲ɫkؿ̴Ц죬ԾȻûбڰᣬҲûԴȾ

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֮ԴֻгڲλڣܷӳȫȻǿĹ֮Դ飬ҲᱻС
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Ԩڣħ񱴶̹˹ڣֵɺͳҲڡ
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ħ񱴶̹˹;۲̴ЦãڹֽеСӿ԰Ȼܱң
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䣬һ뵽ԨԴ꣬ǿôף͸԰ˡ

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컯ͣס
֮ԴԥƬ̣ԵkӰݵԴ飬Ȼʱһã״̬
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Ƭ̴̺Цľġ
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ԴͻĽ磬ԨԴ궷ʱ̴Ц̤ʼ֮̽·
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Ȼҵĺڰء
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ɺþúڴǺڣϤĺڰ֮飬λֲԨԴꡣ
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ͷ޾УԴܵĳٻ»ιȦԴһ㲻ޡ
ʱλԭȾԨԴ꣬Ҳ޷Ķ
ȲԨԴ꣬ĺڰ֮飬ƺؽޣܵǹٻӰ졣
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ʶĺôΪ˱ⱻԴҵΪ˱ⱻڰ֮ٴζᣬֻƯˡ
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գĿұǵĹ֮ԴϣҲ⣡أľӣӡ
Ѷࡣ



ڶǧʮ Դ鳯ʥ
һ䣬ŮĹ֮Դ飬ʱ޵
̴Цոյⷬ˵kľ裬õkе
kһ
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ԽλԽǿ󣬶һڲɢС
֮ԴȻkʯ㾧ͫУֳ˸ӵС
ֻҪԴ飬ѲĴųǣ̴ЦЦ
ʼħһֱŸԴȺҲԴ˵⡣
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սħɹ֮ԴȻǣʧͺ
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ڼ䣬컯һ
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kһ£׵kԨԴĶ֣ǿռ䡢ʱԴĶ֡
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Сܻźܲס
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ֱԵ̴Ц죬㲻ȥ컯ˣһͬǰԴ֮ء;Уٺϸ˵һʼЩ
һУ̴Ц͹֮Դ飬ҪڽԴ֮ǰͻ
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ڽԴѪУڶذΪһ¯ˡ
ħĿ⣬ԨļεϢλԴѪԴѪ½ĸţҲûôѪ⾫ܡ

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ƣ۶ķɽѪɫĻ˼Ѱţܹն̨뿪İ취
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֮Դ飬Դ飬ľԴ飬֮飬kλĴţôرֳƺһʧȥеڣ
⣬ƺǳԴ֮飬ȥԴ֮صı̡
ʥҪгʥ̬ȡ



ڶǧʮһ Դ֮
һ߲ʰ쵵ƮĲƣȳ
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һһ۾Ϳˣ߲ʰ쵵Ǵ֮ĸĸš
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
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̶ǣͻڵỤ̃˵գۼ仯ɻңȻҲ޼

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Ѫ֮˺ԴصĶʵ׷׳˻ҽޡ
ЯرǿǣֲԽشܡ
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ħ̲סٴθߺȣһֵѵãνԴ֮أŴ̳
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ԨǾӴ֮ŵԴ֮صǰǿȻĽһĿֲԴ֮ȻС౶
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ǵҵļϡ
һվˣæ𡱵һִҼ
֮ˣڵ̶ҲˣǸؾȻڡ
ңһСС̨֮С



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ԨӴ֮УȻرȣͨԴ֮صѤ÷ȡصֺ
쳣ԨѲȥע⡣
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ԨеǳеĴء
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飬
ڶҵļ˸ԺǻײɿŲţϻµļ䡣
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̴ЦҲ棬ִŸʵԴ֮أٿԱԨġԴ֮غԨ̳Ҳ̫ƣ
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ԴԨһİɣ

վֱԺ󣬺Դ֮ȻԵΪСԨԺбļ䣬֪Դ֮صĲ
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ؼ䣬˭ƿķ˭Ժܹ뿪
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ڶལ֮лϸâڽⳤ޽ߵС
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ֵɣ򿪱ٳµĽ֮Դ飬ƺܵԴ֮صľ˺ʹ࣡

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ħܵˣԴ֮ϷľڣźӦĻ֮档



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Ԩûд𻰣ǾӴѪ֮ɼ
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һһСԨ㯣ڹ쾳

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ڵˣȿԨ̳һһӦ걾Դľ棬ٿһӦѪ֮档
ֻȻ˸Ԩ
ÿһʱ
֮˹ֵļУԿħԨ㯵ܸͫоеļ䣬ǰ˸һ



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˸Ԩˡ
ǿĿעȫڲͬԨϣڲ²ǰ˸ԨζԨʲôݡ
УԨ׻ʲôĿģ
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ħüΪ޷ͣΪҲС
˸Ԩ̬죬ûһ˿еͼȴ֪Ѫ֮ͣ˶ꡣ
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ֻеԨֻӴԴ֮ص߲㣬ֻпǰ˸Լܻǰļ䡣
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ѹ֣֮˿µķɣʷٷ𡣡ħȵ
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ǿٻս͸ޣ͸ⲿĻιȦ
˸ԪŰ˸ҡ
Ժļ䣬ɿں



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Խ䡰̳ţٴ䵽ıն̨
кХն̨̳ĹԣٶȶȻǣ
Ԩĸ֪Ҳһ̵õؾ쵽Դ֮صǹٻԽԽǿ

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Դ֮رģԴ֮ٻΪܹģһѤ
͸Ժ޷ٶȣŸɢ
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ĴԴҲ΢΢ɫ
ûǳŪǶڿ׶ڡǹٻ͸Դ鶼һԴ֮أصγɵĵط
kе
kߺڰʱͿռĴԴ飬ҪǵkһţǵkǳԴ鼯ȵԴ֮صٻӸԴǶعԴ֮ء
֮ǰЩʱԪԴǣعԴ֮Ժѵ͡ˣ֮Դѯʡ
kȷʵ޷ٸܵһԼҲܲkĴţҲǵkԸԴΪԭ
k࣬Դƺ֪kֻԴꡣ
Ҳ㳹ˣҲ޷뿪Դ֮ءңЩеԴǣʶĻСԴĮش𻰡
һĴԴ׷ٴ¶⡣
ǰЩԪʱkǰͬԴ飬عԴ֮أӴ˾Զڻ״̬Զ޷뿪Դ֮ء
ɺʲô
֪Լ˭֪ԼʲôĻѲһϵ



ڶǧʮ 
ȻϣǺúûš
ԴԨģƽأǰĴԴ飬һԴ֮أֻkֻ֣ǿk
һϯµġԨҡͷȻҪġ
ηԴ֮飿֮ԴС
Ҳôµk֮鸽͡
ռ䡢ʱ֮飬кڰ֮鱣ųĬרkÿһ֡
ǺѾk˰˸ԪȴûӮkԶkţ˵Ǹò£ԴԨ¶˿ɬ֮ɫ
ǿk˵ʼƿǷصԴ֮飬Ҳ͸ųغûжɡ
ǰ˸ԪkͷųȥЩԴӣһɳ׳Ժ󣬱kǰոһʱһʱȥkǿĲ˼顣
ǣŬôãŬ˰˸ԪҲδܳɹѵk˵Ǹòأòþηk
⻰һ·֮飬ͻȻkɢȥԴӣ
Դ
k֪ˣٴοʼ沢ĸؽٴηѣԴ֮ҲٴɢԴ֮֡
ѹӢְ㣬k䵽Դӣὥѹ
ԴǻΪԼȻȻġ
¶Դ飬ͨǧʱ⣬ʱĻۺܱ䣬ŻữԴ顣
Ȼ󣬵kǴԴͼ״̬ܵѰͻƣΪм߼Դ顣
еԴܱĹоѳʶȫİأǡԴ֮⿴ġ
ٴɢԴپ£Դ飬ƺԴ֮Ĵ塣
kҲ˶ǿ󣬳ΪԴףԴ
˵ǡ֮⣬˭Ҫ޵ֻأ˭һǿܱԵĲ𣿡֮ԴͻȻѯʡ
֮飬СԴޣʱkĻش
ռ䡢ʱͺڰԴȴûжʣû¶棬Ȼ֪˴𰸡
Դûлش⣬һָָֻ֣Լ
ԭ
֮ԴȻ

Դ֮ڡ
Դ֮ضˣĪէֵϸϸѷ죬ڻȫˡ
ûȱڡ
ЩܵԴ֮ٻȾӿеԴǣ˺УҲӴԴ֮ء
ȵŰɣȵԨԺࡣ
̹˹Ҳˣ̫Ƶ
ԺҲ֪᲻пµ鷢ӣ˵֮ɫڶףΪʲôа˸ÿһʱԴ֮صĶˡ
УǰЩͻȥģ
˹ҪԷ϶룬һ˲޵³̹˹̴ЦҲ޲ߡ
Ȼȴа˸ԨͷԪԨܸӦܵĺ嫼䡣
ȺѲȥɡ
Ҳɻ󣬿ҲֻܵȺ򡣡̹˹
ðɡȲٶԡ
ڼ䣬ԴǣҲԴ֮ɢݳشųԽԽǿң޵ıطӡ
ǲԴ飡
̴Ц찵ңЦȻĻҲʹ֮ĸ͹֮Դһ㣬Դ֮صĳһ顣
ħ̰Ŀ⣬ƵƵԴ֮¶ˣǿΨһܸ֪ĺɫ顣
ھͷɺڰ֮ϢڣԪĺڰ֮顣
kǵʶƺǺɫڣ
õǺɫ飬
̴Ц첻档
ڰĻвûκһڰ֮飬ڰĻȡĺڰҲǲȱģûһġ
Ҳǿȴûǿ£ֽһĿܣƫƫԴ֮أȻ̴Цġ
ǰԪЩڰ֮飬Ŀǰһֻ粻ѵ״̬ĸок׼
ҪܵõǺɫ飬еڰ֮顣̴Ц쳤̾ҵڰĻܽõǣУԴǸڰ֮飬ֻҪҳǰҾͽkֱ£
ⷬ˪Ҳ󼫺ԴıҲ̴Цеź
֮ȣм沢˻𡢾綾ĳˣͬ˸п
ǰǣܸ֪Դ֮صĳźӦľ飬ڲؼԴ顣
һöö͸ĹʵֻҪȥˣӵв˼ͨ
ƫƫ֪Խȥ
Ԩ
ͻȻħ񱴶̹˹ͺһ
߲Ѫ֮ڣһɫ΢΢ͷַ·մѪȣȥ֪ԨȻ
ǸԨ˿죬̧ͷ
һûӵۿնľȻûжʣ͸ź͹졣
һҲǿնۿڣƾնһֻͫ
һֻɫͫ
ֻɫͫڣƯ֮Ļ꣬ħһӰ
Դ꣡
˺Ȼʧ̲ס
ֻڻĽչ֮򣬱ڶȪ۵Աߣͷźڰ˶֪ͫʱһԨڡ
һģǰһԪʱԨһֻ۾
ֻ۾µתͷӰԴһʶĻꡣ
Ǻ⿴ң
kֻɫͫڣ˵Įؿڣk͸
ͬʱ
ǾӴģԨġkʶ˲Ⱦռ
վԨ֮ģ𡱵ԨҲ̧ͷˡ
϶
̴ЦС
˶ȻȻûеִԴ֮ǰ߲УһϸϸѿڣȻԴ꣡
kһӣһԨڣǶǸԨӡ
˸ԪԨھżԪԨȥй嫹ϵļʱkһԨڳûɢkȾ
kһһСԨڽܻӵĺʱҲһ״̬
𡱵ԨֻһĻפ㱻k׶ᡣ
⡣
һž춯صըף쳹Դ֮ظޡ
Ԩ
߿յı̹˹ħ̴Ц죬˺ͼ˪һֱԨ֮ȣ͵ŤͷӴԨͫ
ǰ㯵Ԩеɻʧ֮ɫǼʧһա
Ӵ󵽿һԨһŻȵĴأʵڣֻͫԴ꣬ȻԼ
е硣ͫԴ꣬һ⡱ʱ׷ʲôkĿأȻͨӣԵĲ𡣺ܺãһôûбԴ֮Ӱ죬Ҳ֮ϲ
Դ겢٣kԨ𡱵ڵk˵ʱȥǾӴֿ֮á
ǡ
̹˹̴Ц۾ǣԨ뿪û



ڶǧʮ һ

ħ񱴶̹˹һٿԨӴʱɫҲóˡ
ҲԨ˻ɣԺԨǲʶǸԨ
лˡ
ԴԵkǾߡ˵͸ɽһԨ롣
ʲô
̴ЦǿߣԵؿǷ·ԡԵԨΪû
ͻȻԨǸоİ
Ԩǵ̬ԵЩĮѪ֮ϷһֻͫġԨƽ̸
Դ궷ôãӦ
̴ЦͿȵ벻ͨڰ裬Сʱ䡣
ǰһǱǰΪںϻָʱȾ㣬û뵽ȻˡԴ겻ź˵
ۿûܹһһСԨᣬûõkҪǾkҲû
kƺҲ֪Ԩʼϰ˴Ԫһ̣kʧȥ˻ᡣ
kҲսһߡ𡱵ֿ
ʱɡ뿪ǸԨżǽԺԴǰûȾĨ
Ӵ֮ԺಿλԴµӡǡ
һƬѪɫУǧѪ貹ڹһڵĻӡͷԴʶɱ
ǻλһؼΪУѪϸϪӡ
꣬ǻе࣬ԴȾ͸
޳ĹУԨ֪ʵԨ䡱ԴѪھżԪĿԴͬʱʵԨ֡
֮ǰԡڵ꣬ӴѪʱǶԵġ
ʱĸܣӴ֮ԵõЩ䡣
ˣǼӴѪ⣬ֻǻعѡ
Щҵļ䣬Ҳ
ԴԨĻԻͣԨǻȺΪĻ飬һͬġ
ԴԴѪĽԴѪȥӣΪԴԺΪһĽ硢Դ׼
û뵽Դ꿪Ԩʢ󣬺Դ˭˭εϲʧܣʶɢ
ԴĳȻڣʶֻɢͷȴ㲻
ɢʶվĳһٴλۣԴҲҪԴ֮ʵʩ֮ʱٴ
Դôһôֳʤ˫ǹģӵԶԡ
գǶԴ֮ʵʩʱһεִ˵ء
Ԩһ޳ԴȾһڻǰ˸Ԫҡ
ʼˡԨԴ꣬ɫصͻȻȣkʼˡ
ԴĵĿ⣬ħ񱴶̹˹ħ̴Ц죬Ůʣ˪֮ȵϣҺǵеκˣһ̱Դ֮鶢ϡ
һk磬ԵkԾûνĿռ롣
ʱԴԴ֮أһ翪ҫǵľ顣
һһҲа˸ռ֮ɳ׳ԺǰعkռԵkûоģkʶͷһǾ͸硣
ǺеѪǿ飬ܱk֮󣬱kԼǡ
kҲԴ飬ҲҪһѪ֮¶
䣡
ֵԴ֮أԴ仰º˵һ𶯡
һ𶯣ڳǿֻ̫̣֪ܲԴ֮ٻ˲
Ȼ
ѺʼнģʧȥoϫһſǻȺǳأȴͻȻ˾춯ص𶯣
ɽѣһĹϽ׷ױ֪鱻ڸǡ
Щ绹ʼ£һЩûܵӰ죬ط̵ǳأֱӴǵɳʼХ
ƣЩǳҪʼĴǺӣΪͷϵż֮һ
ǰİ˸ԪڴǺȦܱģΪٵ
ĸߵʸ񲻻ҽܹڴǺӱ
Դ֮صĵһ
ˡ
ǺⲿĻιȦڣλԴԴѪͼΪѪǺԴ꣬ڸܵԴ֮İ͸
ʱ䣬ռ䣬ڰĴԴʱɫ䡣

ĴԴ³ԴΪk׼õĿ׶ҲͷСԴޡ

Ѥõġ˲佫ѵǳƣԴļڱkΪһ
ľˮǳռ䣬ʱ䣬ˣڰ
һ㱡ĹΣһصĿռ磬ػŷѰǳ
kеϵʹǳϵԴ飬ǱѡԼִƵĴԴá
ǣŷѰǳܱߣͳһưġ
ܵԴƿأԴԱ֮ʩԴ֮׵kǿֲޱȵٻ
СǳϣԴ𣬰ͷСԴޣڲͬĿ׶
׶ŷǳΧһصġ
ֻԨ̬Դ꣬վǳı棬Ҳֻеk˿̻ұ¶⡣
ھżԪֿʼˡ
kµسſ˵
ڡڵkܿѤõĹⲨһ䣬û˴ǺȦ

ʮϢӴǺ֮ضȻɳ޾޶ȥ
һޣʮͻʮִƲͬԴ顣
ûиӵУûбoûܹͨoѳ
ҲһʮǱڴǺӵȦصأԴꡢ֮鶼ûѰԴǣͿֱԴ֮أ
ಣಣ
Ӵ֮ԨԨ𡱵Դ꣬б̹˹ˣϿʮ͸뵽Ӧľ顣
ЩǴǺȦ©֮㡣Ƭ̫Ҳ̲أûʶԴ飬еĴݷϢ״̬Ҳ޷оǡԴ֪ᷢkһûе⣬˵ǰλǺõġ

Դ֮ӿģֻеkԨܿѤùⲨһ˲Խ˴ǺӺѸûʼٴʼ͸
磬㱻kǡ

ƫƧ磬һЩûʮ磬ûбھżԪռֵ֮УҲڵھżԪʱɢȥԴӡ
ЩԴǣĳɳɱ䣬Ҳ׳
˿̣Դ֮̽ѰѲ飬kһεرֳ
kޱ󣬵kܸ֪ģkԴ飬ʲô磬ѤõĹλס
գֻ֮䡣
ಣಣ
һδŵУԴգk֮סԴ֮أΪһǹâӿУ׷׽ԶӦľ顣
̶ʱ䣬мʮλϢͬԴ飬Դ֮صһ𶯣֮ǰع˵ء



ڶǧʮ ԴĹ
Դ֮ء
ۼһλλԸԴ飬ɲͬٿȻӴԨɫĮȻδ˿
Ļ棬ѿΣٸе档
嫶ӵļ˸ԺըԺ󣬻һ֣Ϊһöö̵ӡ档
ػǰ˴ԪԴһ𿪱¼ԪĹ
ִԴ֮صλҲҪԴȫ¼Ԫʱǻ飬ҪԴӡ
ԴԶ
Դÿηʧʱʧȥԣ¼Ԫ¿Դ֮ͻЮԴ꣬ʱԻ֡
ʮ磬ԨԴ磬Ľ磬Ѫ֣Դĺۼ
⣬ԴԶĸԭ
ֽĵھżԪʮ壬壬壬Ŀ壬ޣЗ軰Ļ飬Դӡڡ
ֻǣÿÿԴ֮鿪¼ԪʱԴ궼ʶ״̬
Դ껹ᱻͬ硣
ԴһʧˣֻѪ֮棬·Ļ֮档
ڵk׷ʼԴ½عԺһĳڡ
ڣԴ֮лعԴ飬kԴѪ֮Щܻص
Դ֮飬ҲҪһʱ⣬Ϻ
ȵk˳ţkѹһʶ塣
Դ֮ٴѪ֮ͻ֮УۺԴڶӣķѺԴӵ䣬ڶҲڸ磬ǧܱɸʽ֡
ǰİ˸Ԫһδεֻضġ
δԴ飡
ħ񱴶̹˹̲סУʮҲ֪ÿһoͨʲôԴġ
ȻԴ֮صЩԴ飬̹˹ûκ
еԴ飬û
ܶʼԶмҲûܹԽɵǺӡ
˿̣ǶǾߡ𡱵Դ꣬˻ϻһ㣬ȡԨΪ˽󣺡Ƕʶ̫ǳˡ
Դĵ⣬ڱ̹˹̴Ц죬г˵Ѳӡ
ȻkҲҪһչҺԨܰѵkκѪܱ֮kõ
ԴԾ裬ٵkõǾ˲Դ֮ڲǰ˸ʱĶӦԴ顣֮⣬kҲܼԴС
kѡǣҲ磬ﵽµߣҲܡ
⣬Դͣһ¡
kͻȻݳЦȻˡ

һˡ
ǺӵȦһѤáŵǳԴ֮ޱ߹ȫ͸
ǳУ˿еԴ飬ڿ׶ڵսľ
ΪԴ껹˵ŵkĿֲ˵ŵkǿµ
kӦǿԽģֻǵk޷ǣ޷ǴԴ֮ء
Դ국Į˵ȻkͬĨɱκһǳͷѰҵkҪһ
ұʶԴǣߣ仰Ҫˡ
ʵԨʹ½ֻɫͫкֵ֮ĴںΪһһ˵kǵѵҲֹԴ֮룿
Դ֮飬ԵkȻӵɱ
ôkڿ׶ʲô壿
Ҳ̫־壬kֻнǴԴ֮أ뵽Щ飬kܽ󻯡ͷųһööԴӣԴɳԺոǵkĿġɱǣkʲôҲòˡ
ʱԨò̬¶Դ꣬ƽȣȻˣ
ĵkԴ֮ضǾߡ𡱵ĵkͬĻ
˵ֻеkܹǺӣ޾ʼ磬ȫӯԴ֮صѤùԡ
ѤöصĹԣֻеkԨܹ
һԺĹԣȻǳϷ䣬ԽˡڲһûݵӰ
Ӱͣǳա
ԴԴδй飬ٴеؿŵkŵkһһ
ݣݣ
ӰУȻһϸ緢ѤùߣǳĶڡ
ӰһţֳڶĹߣ벻ͬĿ׶ڡ
ʱ䡢ռľԷп׶̺ĻܡѪԹȫȻá
ӰбԴǳԴ飡
ʱ䡢ռǣ򡣬ԯ壬ӳ೾˹ضʱ˹
ãȻؿܣ֪ʲô֪Լӭʲôˡ
o֮飬֮飬֮Դ飬ȴɪɪ
ΪkǱѣԴǷ֪Դ֮Ӧˡ
Դ֮ߵkǣȴĨɱkǵʶõkԪ䡣
Դ꣬δؾֹԴ֮顣
ּˡ
ԴԨ󣬳ǵֻеkܿӰȻ
ؼ䣬ҲֻеԴ֮ʱԴŻ¶˾⡣
Դ֮⣬ûκδڣܹkȥ⡣
֮飬ռ䡢ʱ䣬ڰ͹λǿԴ飬ԴĴԶֲ׷׿Ӱ֮
ȻkĵִkԻǵӰֻԴܹ
λǿԴ飬ҲkӰ񣬿ЩѤõĹߡ
еԴ飬ܸܵkĴڣоص٣ɾǲܿӵk
ƺֱkkһִ󲻾һֶԵk¡
أԴֹסһҪkҪΪk֫ĸо
kԻ͵kɢݵϢǳеԴǣѹk־ֻԹԳk
kǴkյ㣡
֮һ׶ڣͻȻ׵kŬԴ֮ʱkǻڼʱ䱻ͬ
kʱ䡢ռ䣬ڰ͹ԶвԴ֮顣
ԴǣֻȥܵkĮʶоkڶеԴ飬ɸѡʲô
֮Դ㲻ٽǰصȴţȴԴ֮ľ
ԴȻҲ֪kɱбƵԴ֪kͬܽκѪ֮У˲ӵǵһС
һУֻkѡ
٣
ԴͻȻ͵Ц
ݣݣ
ֻмѤõߣӵkԻĻɳͬһ׶
Ǹ׶УСԴ޵佩ӲҲҶһ£±⵽
ȻʲôʲôԴ֮ע⵽ֳߡ
ȻСԴ޾;Լĺ꣬оѪڣġ۾
СԴ޴˿ǽҲвҲ޲
ϣѤõĹΣԴ֮ϸϸѪ⡣
ѪأݵķûıԴеһܣԴ֮鿴͸
оǿѪอ¶֮£ɨһһ顣
֮飬˹֮飬Դ꣬оο¶㲻
ԴеԴ֮飬ŨȤֳߡСԴ֪ͷ



ڶǧʮ Դѡ
СԴ޷·𿴼ĵԵĳ
ౣѵԴ飬޷Դ֮ԻӰɵkͨԴߣҲ׷ע⵽ͷСԴޡ
Ȼˣ
ˡڰʱ䡢ռ䣬λǿԴ飬ʱĸҲԴ֮ҪѡһλѪǿôӦͷСԴޡ
Զûоԡ
kƺ⣬һΨԴܿعߣСԴ޵˳
ЩӰȥ벻ͬĿ׶һԴ̻̲յѤȻҲȫӰջء
Դ֮ԻӰעԴƬ̺ͻȻƮȻȥ
գ۵k㲻֪١
ڵk뿪Щǣʱ䡢ռƵԴ飬ֱٴζ˼ʶɲܻ
kô뿪ˣ
֮Դסѯʡ
ͷСԴޣkû⣿֮Ļڷ
ԴصĿ⣬ŷСԴϣ㾫СkƺϡⶫţȥΪ˸kҪõkСԴԻΡ
ԴЩʧûڣƽûССʧ١
СԴǵk׳ȥնǵkŸԴ֮׼ģkҲΪԴ֮ͷСԴޣὫǵӰפкԻ
ɲԴ֮أԴ֮ĸڣkͨͨkⷬĲãܹǳϷԴ֮ͷСԴ޴ɱ
СԴ޵ںԴ֣СԴ޾ǵkΪԴ֮龫׼һ塣
ɵkȴʧˡ

Դ֮ء
ͷСԴޣȻûkе⡣
Ǿߡ𡱵Դ꣬ȷǿǳϷ򡡢ԯӳ೾˹ذ𣬰СԴҲûkѡʱҲ¶ʧߵ̬
СԴ޴񣬲֮顢֮ΪԴ֮׼ġ
Դ֮ԻӰǿǳʧʱԴͻȻ
ѵ˵ЩƫƧ깣бСԴ޸ŵѡ񣿡
kҡͷ˵ŵkò˼ĻԨǾ֮
ʼ򣬱kǵЩ磬иΪǿѪ֮ӦܸܵġkͻȻһȻѾʱУиͷСԴ޵ܱܿĸ֪
Դ֮ҪפģһǿǵkԨġ
磬ѪЩǻȺڣԨӵĺۼ
Ԩٴθվѣ˸Ԫ嫼ϣkλϻѰѪǿߡ
鼰磬κһλѪǿԨĸ֪С
Դܸ֪УЩߣħĻֻ꣬Ҫ㹻ڣѲkĸ֪
Դ֮ȨеԴ飬ֻҪԴ飬Դ֮µĺۼ
kһԴ飬һƿزѪ⣬һ֮ꡣ
ɡ
ԨĻһ䣬Ӵ֮ͻȻɢݳʹԡ
ɢݳĹԣȻܹԴ֮飬չѤùⲨӵ磡
ʮ磬ԨԴ磬Ľ磬ЩΪƫԶ磬ԱΪɼĻӿԺ
ļ棬֮ĲӲӹâȺһ˸ƺӦѪԴ
Ǻ磬еǿǣȫʶҫ
ϡŹֵǻȺİƫԶ֮ðͷһɨ
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ǿڶ磬ݻԨڶ˲һ顣
ȻԨûиܵһԺͷСԴѪ
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ԨͻȻڣ㲻ѡֵɣֵɾ㡣
һϵλǿȫɫУʲô
νֻ֮ǧһǡֵԪ֮Ľ֮Դ飬ܹ˵ĸֽÿֲͬĽܱ䵽£ϤĸԴķС
֮ͨԴǧƿԴ֮أǰԪЩԴС
һ򷨣Ҳһ򷨣һʼֵ֮ɾģΪһҽפ
Ԩ
ֵɲǽڵĿߣֻǽһλַ򾫰µĽҲںݴܻ
Դ֮Ƴ˽£ֽȻ԰󣬾ͽΪԪһ㡣
ﶼȤֵɣһֻ׷󽣵£ҲмʣӲɵķ
һʼԴ֮ѡҲΨһѡ
ֵɻĸԣĳɾ֮ͣǰվԴ֮أǱȻĽ
Դ֮ԽޱչʱֵɱӦ˶
ֵɲ֮ԴĻ
Ԩһϯ߸˶ֵɵ֪µĿ⿴ֵɡ
˿ֵ̣ɷ·ԶľȻ۾Уһ˿֮ɫ
kƺϿԨⷬ˵
ֵɣԴ֮飡
̴ЦŴ죬λľګĽ֮Դ벻ס
벻صԴ֮龹Ȼںܾ֮ǰͿںݻĽŽһɳںݴӿڶĴɡ
kʱ죬ΪڵھżԪʵĽ֮صkڶԴʱ
ڵһֵɾʹ˳ˡ
Դ֮飬Զ벻ʼ𣿡جج̴Цȵ
ԨԴ磬Ľ磬ʼһԴ֮һƬǺӡ̹˹Ŀɬϵҡͷ̾ϢҲѽʵࡣ

Ҳʱն̨Ԩ֮ıԶХ
ԨӴһ֮еĴ׳Դӭն̨
꣡
ն̨ٽԴ֮ʱѤáѹȣͻȻѿ
ն̨ڲ鲼ԨӡͷǷأд˳봴ء
ϡѰĴأն̨̺յȫպͷųĿԡ
ͻȻԨ֮ûӴǻפΪࡣ

ıԺʮ㡰̳ӴԲΪһ֡
ͱ壬ڵִԴ֮صǣߴǿԴѪڡ
ֵɵľȻûԨڣǿСԴ޵ģԴǸԨ
Ƭֵֻ̺ӳһһ򷨣
ѤõĽ⣬һʵ貹ӣʻνԴΧơ
ֵɱڵģһѤõĽⳤҲз˳ͻȻעԪ֮γɵĽⳤӡ
Դⳤӣ޾£Լɼһд͸عӡ
ʱͿռ䣬λԴĴأҲֵһֳ
̹˹̴ЦϸַֻԴѤýⳤӣǳһӵ׵ĶʯͷųǳµС
вһƯڵĹӱ棬ÿڲ̲ǰԪļԴС
ͻȻһطγһɶͬԴĺ

Դ깹壬һѣkԵھżԪĹͷֵɵһ顣
kѪڣɾǶʱգ۳ޡ
ԴѹƣǰԪļУƵλܡ
Ѫอȴû˾ǵԴ꣬ȻһЦ󣬵ԴԴѪҪԭҪϻϲܷܡ
һ䣬һѪ£ӲǴѤõĹѣطԨӴ֮
ǰ̴Ц쵲һģԨֱֻ֣ӽѪס
ˮܴ󺣰㣬ѪڵĹܣԴ緱ܻѪУΪһ¯
ˣԨԴѪ֮Դ磬Ľ磬ҲɱɹԴѪԨ
ѪİϣԨѾԲ



ڶǧʮ һƬֵǺ
ಣ
һɫԣ˳׸СԴޣһ롣
СԴѪ챦ʯһֳͫһãգۻָѡ
Դ꣡
̹˹һ
ĺѪ뵽ԨʱѪڹԣֱСԴ޶ȥ
ն̨ʱԴСԴޱѷֿԴ걻ǵⳤӻţԺ󣬵kȻСԴޡ
ڵkһk׾ٵؼСԴޣ֮ΪԼΪС

kعһ䡣
kͨҫ˽ɫâڶ౻֮ĴУ͵k˴
ͷСԴҲҡһ䣬ǷӰ̬ǻʵ̬֮
ȻԨģ
ֻСԴ޻λԨǰǸߴ࣬һڻԨӴ֮
ֻˡ
kɫĮ¿ֵɡ
ֵޱظոս
ûżٴγԲı飬ͨСԴ޵ԴԨ
͸ҡԴȻ
֮ŴСԴޣɳĳڼԴݵıԴȴԨڶิӵط򣬻ΪͷԽ
ЩҲСԴصԭ֮һ
֮СԴޣȺʳ˻Ľ֮Ԭ룬ɱͷС
ԬСֱõԴԴѪͻĽԴѪ󲿷ֵѪС
ںݵıԴУͷΪĻԽҲ̲ԨԴѪĲء
СԴޱǽԨ֮Ѫ࣡
Դ
ûѡͷСԴޣҲûɹפ
ԴѸټͷСԴ޺󣬲Ƶ˵ȻںݾıԴΪʳôͷСһҵ֮ˡ֮飬֮Դ飬ͼΪԼǸЦˡ
ӵkСԴͷСԴ޾ǵkıض֮
ǿǳϷkʾ֮ΪkСԴеkõkҪʱ˲ȡ֮СԴޡ
һԴѪ󲿷صѪ࣬kǲȾָġ
ֵֽŵkⷬޱգƤ΢΢
أһľȻͫУ˵ɫʡ
־壬ɱ̰ԹޣڶิӹŹֵʱ֡
ֵɣӸ߸ϵ飬Ϊġˡ
־֮ͼӣɱ֮軣̰֮֮³͡
ħ񱴶̹˹૵ЩoԴ飬ԭֻǱԴȥģڵkڶСkҲܱ˲ͬԴ飬ɢʮ磬׳
ҲУ̴ЦȻ
кȻķḻӵֵֽƺҪһЩڵkֱkѳȥС
Եk˵ûʲôǲܵģҲûʲôǲеġ̹˹̾
һֵɱָֻһľȻ罫ЩӶȫѹơ
ʱΧԴ֮صģֻʣ´ѪԨʹԴ꣬ȻǱ̹˹̴Ц죬˺ͼ˪
ֵɵĿ⣬ҲڴԴϣתƵԨϡ
ԨӴ֮˿ն̨Ǹسʱĵһ飬üĿԴ֮ߴѪ֮ǡƽ
Өļ棬֪ٵĳ˸֮ڷٵҷ
Ԩ嫵Ѫޱߵĸ֪ͱʱ˲鼰硣
ոҪһһѰѰûбСԴ޸ŵѪڣҪһλλѪǿߵӹ
Ѳ鷳
ĸ֪һ֣һŸѪɫĻֱס磡
ֻҪڵ磬һǼ䣬ʹֵѪɫĻУͷ˲ӳʶ
ƺҲһ֮䡣
֮ϣһܾں񡢱ԺԲе

һĻһĻаĻĻͻȻ֡
֮ǰİ˸ԪԴһδεԴ֮أԴɢԴǣһԴ֮غ
ʱԴѡһλ֮ͨľ뢣Ǿͨʱ֮ʱǿߣһλ޿ռҼȿֲߡ
ԴǣЩںϲصԴУԴ֮غѹԴꡣ
ÿΣԴ궼ʧܣᱻشԺʧȥʶ
ûʶԴ꣬ͻᱻ뵽Դ֮أѪ֮棬Դ꣬뵽֮档
ԴʧȥңٱԴѹԴ֮ʱԴ㿪ʼʵʩ֮١
ԴҪԴҪǼ̨Դ֮ء
kҪͨʼ沢磬ɢkܹٻųԴȫ뵽Դ֮ء
ԴŻԨԴʧȥңkҷԴ֮ء
Դǰ˳̡
˳̺Ԩͬ˼ʶǰ˸Ԫļ䣬ԺѰƾ֮
ھżԪֵɣֱԴ֮ʣԴǰǿ߸߳һ
ǰЩkߣֻԴѡʵʩߣһԭеĴΪټһܴԴС
ǰЩkʵȫ󣬲ܽԴ֮سѪ֮⣬ԴĴкǡ
ֵɲͬ
ԴѡģԴִΨһѡԴ
ֵĽԪǱܹʩչԴ֮ڣ˴ԪԴİУ
һֵɣǰ˸ʱνľ𣬲֪Ҫ߳˶ٲΡ
Դ磬ҾȻܹѹֵɣѹƺݵ塣
ħͷ̹˹ȻӣŽӿֳѸѹֵɣ˵ҶЩԺˡ
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̴ЦɰͰ͵ЦЦ
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⣬Ҫֵħ񱴶̹˹
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Դ飬Ҳ飬Դĵߣ
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أֵҲûٴγƺҲڵȺʲô

ȻһƬضǺӣ˵
Դ硢ԨͻĽƬͲǺӣȻǷ˹˵Ұ֮ڡ
ԨĿ¶ɫͻԹŹֵĿ⿴Դһۡ
֪ԴƬǺӣƬǺӵԴ֮ء
kӮͺǰһ˵ͷˣ鶼ԴɫĮͷˣϵϣ׵ȥܱʲô֪á

ƬǺӵģǻɵĽĻȻӨ͸
ԴӴǺⲿǣİϴƬǺӵĽڣڵĻ֮ɨ壬ƬǺڵܹⲿ޾ޡ
k籴̹˹̴ЦҲܿǺڲ
Ҳա
ԨͷϿ˵k
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Ԩ
쿴һ
ҿ

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ۼԴһЩ޵Ԫ񾳽ǿߣԶ޵һѤԹΡ
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˹أ򡣬ӳ೾ԯ塢𣬿Ѥýһ֪ǱԴ֮أ
ΪǴԨĿе֪ԨԴͻĽ磬һƬͲ״Ǻӣ޾
ңԴ֮Ϊӽ
ǾԴ֮أ
ԴŪʱ֮˹أһȵʼصأԴ֮ͳԴ֮ǵkľڹϵĴ˵УɢԴǣȫԴ֮
Ϊ֮Ȼ
Ӻ˹ءӳ೾˵ĿУһЩ̫顢ǿڣʱԴ֮ءǰˡ
ΪʲôǺȻܿ
ãȻ
ӳ೾һۣӿŰǺܣʹǿǳӦĿҫǣȻԴ꣡ǴǺⲿιȦԴԴעĺƵƬǺӺХҲɨڱǺӵĽ磡
쵽ˣɵͲν֮Ա͸ΪԴ
ͨռصӳ೾оԴĻڴ½лĽ硢ԨһЩ򣬶쳣Ŀռ䲨ͬѰ
Щ쳣֮أԼǿܣʼĴǺӱ



ڶǧʮ ħ
ҿ
ۼͻȻУȿ״Դ֮أȻΡޱȵԨ
оǱԴСԴޣɵһԨ
Ȼ󣬲Ǵħ񱴶̹˹̴Ц죬˺ͼ˪
ΪλǿߣԨǾӴļϣҲĿ¶âؿǡ
δ¶ҲûŴֵɣЩС
ҲΪǽޣΪĽֵɺӦ⵽ֵɵĴڡ
ǡ·
ַԨб̹˹̴Ц졢˪ˣٴеΪСֵɡ
·ǵǺˮһ㡣

׵ʧУһ뵽ֵɵļ˪Ҳһɫֵ̫Ծ
Ԩ̹˹̴Цͳˣ̬ԴֵɣñŤ
˪ȴˣ
̫ʼ򡣬ԯΪǴӴǺӵǳ˹˵ԴѡĿֵɣûие̫⡣
ɲǵǱԴ֮ˡ³ĺ˹أ̾Ϣһû뵽Դ֮飬յѡ˺ݵֵɣͷСԴޣҲǱ̹˹ǳ˺̴Ц졣
֪˴𰸣Ǹе⣬Ҳʼİֵɡ
仰ҲһֱڻЩǿǣ׷ʲô
Դ鼴Ҫʵʩ֮ٵԴȻ˽ֵɣҪֵ֮չ
ڴʱ
ֵɹž޲ľȻҲһƬٽǺӣᳶһǣϺ¶˳Ū֮ɫ
еǱԪ֮㱻kٴλ
񽣵ٴ𣬷·ǣ֪Īĵۻҵسֳ
֪䣬ֵ߸ݵҲʵ߲Գ
ֵԭܾˣЩ߲ʹԣȻȫ壬Ϊڵ
kûسǵkֵҪϡkֵɣ͵kҪʱϡԨն̨ͻȻڣһ

ħ񱴶̹˹̴Ц죬Ůʣм˪ᶶʱܵһĪ׷׳ƬٽǺӷȥ
kֻҪֵɵɵkĵڶ죬Ҫ㹻ǿȺԡԨһ䡣
ֵɾĽûÿһÿһѪ⣬ܳԴԴ֮չֵk
Ҳ˵ֵǰǼʵδȫ
һԪټ
ӵִԴ֮ؿʼûпڵֵɣֱʱŽ
·ҪͨһԣԨԴھżԪĽڣ
СֵɣԱסѤõǾɢźһ¹ԵʼۿɼٶȽڽ
һɣʮɣɣǧɣɣɣɣ
ֻת۹ֵɾͱΪһԨǾӴ֮ȣ˿ҲѷɫӴˣ

ֵɣ
еǿǣǰһ̻СֵɣȻΪӴˣʱķ׷׹ֽ
ⲻ֮࣬ҲʲôʵʵĶѻ
̫ʼ૵ܵ˴سӦöûгֹĿֲڡ
̫ǿˣֱ̫ˣ
Ľڴɣȫֵɵ壬ǵǱԴᡱˣǳֵɵǿС
ʱֵͨųѤԣ籦ʯûһ˿һ覴á
ĺƵǰ˸ԪԴаأΪĵĵ磬·Ѫ⾭Ӧ
ӴڣÿһѨϵλãƺһС龧鱻Ƕ롣
һ̵ؼصԴ֮ڵԴ飡
ԨԴ궼𺳲ѡ
֮ǰǰ˴ԪԴյһ߾ǿѪ˴ζԴԨ˵kǵʶkʧȥҡ
Ȼǰ˸ԪʱԴ֮飬ҲûһܹڵֵᲢۣ
ӵkԨʶ𣬴ӼԪֻؿʼԴûضǿ
ȫƿǰ˴ԪԴأǧΪһϢԴ꽥˾С
ֵɣԴ⣿
kԽؿԨ
kһλϻ飬֪˸ԪǻںϵԨûа취ֻؼ
kľܴ죬Ѳ֪ǰֵɡ
ͻȻǱֵɶԪֵ֮ͷգԴ֮ص񷶥֮ϡ
ҫ⻬ĽڣǧԴĴأĽ˿
ֵ΢΢ۣһλӽСԴ޵Դնȥ
˵ʮԪټ
ԴɫһƬɫĹ⺣ӵkڷɳֵնһȥ
ˣʱ䡢ռ䡢ľˮڰ
һԪԴƬɫ⺣İأԴĹֻһƬڻ꺣ͻȻ͸ɫ⺣
kԵkĻܣŵھżԪڶԴķУСԴ޵ŷѪܺӦ
ԴһƬɫ⺣һƬڻ꺣СԴ޵Ѫ֮˲һǺӣ

һģӴĻֺѪӰⷽǺӵУk˲͡
ߴϵѪӰͨԴķ򣬺ӦֵһϽ
ֵɹž޲ͫû˿ûж
ܹٳ񷣬޾޵Ľ⣬ƬԴǺӣնԴǵƴ

˺ǳ֮Դġǰ㣬ЮǧԴĽ⣬ҲƬɫ⺣еڻ꺣һΡʵѪӰնѡ
һֵɣǱܸصԪ֮֮ɱ⺣

â緱ը̲ԴصĽâΧƬɫ⺣Ȼһġ콣󡱡
εѤýâʹ˹סԴ꣬Դ͵Ľ𺣡ڻ꺣
ڴʱ
ԨӴ󵽺ֵ൱Ǿֵ֮ɣӿ
صĳصֳʱⳤӵ磡
ǰ˴ԪһȣһȷǺӣڴڸ¶
Ԩ֮ǰ˸Ԫͨʹڴأ纭ǰ˸ԪԴ飬һ𲻸ĵطԴ֮顣
ԨͻȻ˾һÿһصˣܿεӰ
ԨǾģƵ·ֹܣƺǰ˴ԪҫĿǿ߸˲临ڴչʧܺ
ʱֵһֳֽǧӵĽ⻹ڶԴǽɱ
ޱ飬ƺԨͻɱ֡
ǿŵһֻ֣һͻ֡
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Ǳڵ֮һط⾧ʱصĳ롣
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ֵɱŵӿһɹѤõâԣ֮еĴ
ͣ
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Ԩֻģо޴Ѫɫ֣Ԩ춴ؾС
Ѫɫܹܣڳֵɶͷʱ㱻ֵɾ쵽
ǣֵɱֵݳһ
ۣ
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ÿһѪܵһλԬ롢Сȥ¸
Ҳڣ
Ԩļ򶶶ƬͲǺӵ̴Ц죬֪ط
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̴ЦӴ֮࣬ΪһƬµĺڰڰŰֵɳֻ֮֡
ֵɵֱֻۣһۿȥǱһڰ䡣
̴Цĺڰĺڰǰ漸ڰԴĲȱأһֵͬɵ۰͸
ֵüͷҲûһ£ڰ䡱ŵֱۣȻһ
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һ죬ֵɵ첲·ؼΪıʯ񾧣ųһкڰĹԣ
һ̴Цֵ첲кڰͱɢ
̴ЦѪǣ֮ħ꣬Ҳ̼仯ޡ
һ۾ʹ䡣



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ƬǺڵģԴ硢Ľдǿߣ̴ЦС
̴Цôħ񱴶̹˹Ůʺͼ˪ɫ
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ʱֵɣɱ̴Ц𣬸һ䡣
꣡
Ԩֵģ౻ֵɵ֮ѪɫġԨ춴ΪһѪյľͿ
ѪǶѳֳһڱ񽣵͸
ֵɵĽ֮âΪиѪУǻȥ
Ԩ΢΢üһ
ǻǿʺ࣬ԨԴѪĴţҲֵɵĽⶴȻٴγŵ״̬
ţζԵζʧȥ
⣬Դһֱڼġ

Ժġ̳ͻȻһֻɺѪۣü¶
ɺѪѪɫҫ
ԴѪǿ࣬ԴԴѪʯѪȺĽԴѪ֮׷ֻ̬ͫ֡
ˣ
ԨӴڣǿʵʺ࣬Ҳһ𶯡
һ죬ֵǻҲ֮
ֵۣкһѤԣ˲뵽ǻ
ԨִƵУǻҪֵɣһ¾׵Ľ֮бάϵ
ɢԨĵĽ⣬Ԩûĥһʹܲ١
⾧֮ҲԨѪյĳأһ£ͳĴػȥ

֮һһųʱ䡢ռԴǿǳϷԨе˫ش
顰ռ䣬һֱĹӴ͸֯ʱ˫
ؿֲĺ֮ƣԨӴΡ֮˲ͣ͡
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͡콣󡱹ŵԴ꣬ӻkĽɫ⺣ڹ⺣ѱֵɵԪ֮ǧٿס
kǳûڹ⺣ڵģԨǿɵkȴԨߺȣѣ
һЯkյֵʱ䡢ռԨǰһѹ
䣡
ֵҪٴλӽʱԨԺֳˡ֮֡ѪĹУ͸֮Ѫû֮Ѫޱܡ
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˿ľڣƬѪӿķ·ڷڣԨԺԻġ֮֡ͷųѪ⣡
Ѫ֮ƬѪȻںӦԨԨ
ݣ
Ԩüĵġ̳ȻųһĿѪ⡣
˵Ѫ⣬˲䴩͸ֵɱԴ֮ߴǿѪ֮棡
Ѫһ롣
Ѫ֮ڲһƬޱ޾Ѫ˸
˸ǰ˸ԪЩǻȺӡ
ͷ˸Ԩ̳Ѫ̨֮棬ǾӴ֮еĻҪȫ
ȻӿڵޱѪԨصʺʵ
˶ʺʵ͸Ѫɫ࣬ͷų˭޷ӵĹâ
һۿȥǺԨԨĴһʻ࣬Ѿʵ
ʺĹʵƮޱߵѪ˴ĺԶãȴ໥š
ȻηѪ˴˲ôûһ
ƺȱʧһؼء
ͨǵѪ⣬ԨѪʵɻʱȻܵһԴ֮ء
ǵѪڵʶҲֱӶɱ
ʵʵ໥ŷţȴʼûзײ
Ԩ૵
ǰ˸Ԫǻۣǹʵ£ϵط
һⶸȻڡ̨̳棬ԨԴѪڱŷʵĺ壬ʵʲô
ʵΪײڵһ̣ͻᷢ
Ҳȥ
ƬȻǺӵı̹˹ۼ̴Ц˲ħûбˣԡ
һħ񱴶̹˹ɫħը
ǧСָ׵Ͼ̺һֻ粻Ϣֱֵɶ
СħֵɵͷΪһƬ纣ҪŤֵɵԡ
Ůʺͼ˪ۼ̹˹תȥսҲطֵɡ
ֵһԵĮ̧ͷһСħǣ˵˿ߡ
Щ֮ߣգû˱̹˹ѵħ뵽ÿһѵħ
ÿСϾб̹˹һħ꣬ÿһħҲԼȥļȶˡ
ڵھżԪ̹˹עҪģֻ⡣
ֵɶǰ˸Ԫ̹˹ȶǰ
⻹Ǵ۸ġ
ǣԼı̹˹ÿħڵħ꣬˵İ
ħ񱴶̹˹ϾΪޣħһһ
ħ̴Ц֮󣬴ħ񱴶̹˹Ҳӭ䡣

ʱֵɵ˫Ůʺͼ˪ͬĹԡ
еĹԣҲЯľ⣬ŮĴС
˪âԣջΪһȼŵϪӣԪ֮ԴУϪڳ֡
˪ȼյϪûرմ
Ůʽһֳͷ۷ֻ࣬ͷɫ񣬾ͱǵ̺֮ĹԴ͸
ڰԴ򣬳˶ֻ֪ԾĻ綾أһԱд

ԴĻλ򡣬ӳ೾ԯа塢ƴײ͸Ľڡ
ЩۿֵɻӽĿѤùԣ㽫̴Ц졢̹˹˪ͲŮһһնɱ׷ױ˲ηĶ־
ͼһ̾ҲҪһֵɵ񽣡
꣡
Ρ콣󡱰ŵĽɫ⺣飬Դڻ꺣ҲŵĽâѵΪ顣
Դ꣬СԴٴδѪͬǧٿס
أkܵ˻ʶͻܵĲá
kһ֣ٴ޾ֻҪʧȥԵθС
kԨԴһǲ֮飬k᳹׵
һkʧȥԣk֪ȵkһڵʮԪˡ
ʱĵkֽΪһµԴ꣬ҲҪһңѰٹ
ھżԪֱԨִԴ֮أǰ˸ʧĹںˣȫ
kֺγǣ
kֱɱάأȡ˿ռشӻĽִʼ˴Ǻӣڳ׵
֪kԨһڰ˸ԪԴһδѹһδεط
Ҫһô
Դ૵
kԻǵһ۵kϻ顣
kǿɬǣֻ޾ֻеĿ档
ڵkҰڣԨǾӴҲ͵kһֵɵ̵֮Ĺ
Ԩȵk״ö١
kܿĳֵַͬشԨҲĥԨ־Ԩ͵kһٴʧҡ
һжҪҵģҪš
ͻȻԨӵk
ԴȻлʤĿ𣿡
С
ԨӦ

ײŽڣ˹أӳ೾򡣬ԯһ͡
̫飬磬櫣ǱǿҲһ¡
氲䣬λػʥˡ
кԨأԨˣԨ
λڵʮԪһǣǡ
ôҲǵĵھżԪʹӴ˿̽ɡ
Ԩ־ЩЩǿ߲Ҫη
Ȼѱ˵ԨžԴֵɣ˵Ը
һֱޱֵɣ˵仰Ȼ䡣
Դڲٵ



ڶǧʮ Ԩ
λϧԴ˵ھżԪսᣬ˿ȴԨͬԣͻȻɫޱ䡣
kɫصأȻ˱տտͫԴ֮ߵľ档

Ԩһ
¡
磬ƽף
Ԩͷʮߵġ̳ҫĿѪ⣬̳ߴ
ţʹ˷ڶԴӰ졣
ڶԴԴ֮أԨ̳ͻǹЧ֮ͬ
Դ֮أ̳Ǳ롣
ΪԨ̳Ϊһ̲Ŵ죡

Ԩ̳͸ǣͻȻѿ
Ϊľˮ׵磬һ㲻ͬҫ顣
kΪʮ㣡
Ҫκĵָʾʮ̲زͬԴصľӨ̨棬ԷѰԴ֮ڶӦľ飬һС
̨֮棬Դ֮صһɫ顣
̨֮棬һľ顣
͹Ҳˡ
ȻԨ̳ھŲĻ̨֮棬Դ֮صĻ֮档
̲صھżԪصѪ̨֮棬Ҳ뵽Դ֮ߴѪ֮棬ԨͨԨĽ硢Դ磬ԴѪܱ䲢ռӣ׷뵽Ƭޱ޼ʵѪɫ
ԨԴѪһ࣬ԴԴѪѪʯԻĽԴѪһ֮صѪ֮Ưţȫͷų˵Ѫ⣬ƬѪɫ
̳ǰ룬Ѫ֮ڣͻȻġ֮ɹųġ
Ÿոճ첻ã˴ŵȺںϵʺʵʹײһ
ںΪһʹ֮·ھżԪսᡣ
䣡
һʱ֮ϵųʱ͸磬ųԴ֮ɢݵѤùⲨǾ˵ĸ͸ֱһޣ



ǿţ𼶱̫ʼ򡣬ԯ塢ڵ࣬ѪܣÿһξѪģ
һ֮ʹ˱鼰Ԩܹ֪ģе磡
ڴǺӵⲿԥţһ֮
ȻǼڻģ򡣬̫ʼԯǿߣҲʱ˲š
ԴĸǺӣĽЩд
Ѫ飬ų조Ľײڡʼʱһؾʹȥ
գۼ䣬Դ֮ƬǺӣ
Щȥ飬һѪɫΣոһصʧ
ȻԴ֮ص߲㣬Ǿ޴ѪɫУȴѪɫδ䣬ޱ޼ʵѪɫ
Դ磬Ľ磬̼Ժ
ɿֲ֮Ѹӵ˴ǺӣҲһ˶Ѫɫʧ
Ȼ󣬱ǺʼѾģʮ硣
壬壬Ŀ壬ޣ۴ʲôս߶ȣҲԴ硢Ľ״㣬ȫûڡ֮תۼ
һЩƫԶޱȣʼûӵƧ磬ͷҲӭ

Ȼ㿪
Դ궸ȻѣkȻԨ翴һͷѪĹ
kΪkԨҪԴʴҪھżԪĴڡ
İ˴ԪҲǵkԨͼѹɱԴʶϼԪĴڣҪһδεֻӡ
kʧ֮ʧȥˣԴŻչ֮١
Ȼͨkͨ͵kǶӦ㾧飬ɵkǴûȥ
Դû뵽˵ھżԪԺ󣬾ȻԨڱѵ״̬£ûеԴʼǰ
ȫԨģ
˿Դ֮صԱߣֻʣԨǾӴ֮˺۵Դꡣ
ת˲䱻Ԩûʻڡ
ãˡ
Դ겻ţkһӽܲˣھżԪ˲䱻Ԩսʵ
k㶵ؿŽ̳׳䵽Դ֮ظߴ÷ѵʮ̨Դ֮أȻǰԨ
kֱԼ۾kԵЩʧǣʶૡ

ԴͻȻַ֣kҪ콣ĥʶ˴
kǾ˺۵壬ʱӯ޾˿ǼȬ
kٴξؿԨ
kܵˣkԨڹkڡ
ɾµžŴԪȫĵkδܵģ
嫣ޱ߹·ѽмԪΪһ¯ܣ̲ԺԴԿĿֲ
ԨǾӴոҲĿ֮Ҳ˲Ȭ
ֵɵԴĿ⽥ȬԨԴꡣ
ԴĳĬˡ
Ҫ
׳̳Ԩţޱϲ
Դ֮صڲ޾
վҪ˳ȴҪ
ңûǰң˴Դ֮أȴܲѪ֮ڳ
kҵʶһԪ𡣡
ȥǣֻһԪ¿ʼʱŻһ
kȴܹڼ䣬Զ᲻һʱkеı
kͳԴ飬kܹɢԴع飬Դ׳k
ҡ
ԨĿ¶˼Դꡣ
ҵԴȪֻҪܱԲǰֻҪûһԪӿԴ֮㾧ģͻܣȡ֮֮ߵ
һԪȺܹ֮ңǺk
䣡䣡¡¡
ԨӴǧǧѨؾ򿪣ڲ籬ɽ̲ŰܵѨͨͨ
Դ߲֮Ѫ֮棬ĺƵױȵܣԨԲĻϣһεõ

еĴأѳܲ񱩵飬ٳΪޡ
ֿȭԨ߱ǿѪֵ֮ɱһ
ֵѹ˲Դ꣬Ԫ֮֮кХںնɱԨ

޾ܣԨӴӿЩҷڶӣΪھŴԪǿ
̳߲㣬뵽Դ֮صѪ֮棬ǰ˴ԪӿֵǿǣѪҲһԵӡԨ
ֻԨѨϣȫһѪɫ磡
ÿѨУ˶ӣɱΪҫһǺʱǿߣ
һͷͷӴޱȣԨĻ飬ԨѨڵѪɫԻȻԨеһλλ

ȥ̩̹ԨᣬڰޣޣѨڵĶ측֣
ȻԴʷϵǿͻĽһߣ
ԨԴ磬Ľ磬ھżԪʱǿǣԨ޾£Ѩɡ

ܿ죬ڵڶѨУֳ˸Ѫɫء
һЩԴϤģȴڵkģǰ˸ʱǿǣҲԨ޾
ֵɵԴ񽣽ЯǧⳤӣԨΰΡ
ѪܵĹע£ѾԨͨѨڵڶѪɫ磬ȥӭֵɵǧⳤӡ

ġ֮֡תȻĥֵɵıڶԴص
һ̵Ԩ磬Ժ󣬾Ȼֵս˸൱
ȥԴ֮أ㱩ǵĻʶһ͸͸ЩѳŵģһĹԴ飡
Ԩ
ϱԨעܣѾȬԴ꣬һԥûͻȻԳ
kСԴѪ֮Ǳ㶸Ȼ
ѪǣҲԴ֮ص̽ɱ
ԴƺһɴkŵһƬڻ꺣ԽʹͣѪ֮İա
һԨͫΪɫ
ಣ
Դֻͫڵģڵkһ꣬Ȼk
ֻɫͫΪһɫ顣
kһ£kڻ꺣͹ɫûԴ֮صĻ֮档
ɫһ֮飬ľ飬һѷʹϡ
ѷϵһ̣ԴƬɫ꺣ɫȻɢˣΪɫ
ɫͬΪɫĻ֮棬һɫ
ԴͻȻ֪ںܾúܾǰkһ¼ԪûпǰǰѹһΣѿkĻ֮롣
kڻ֮ѿʱȡССһ֮飬һߡ
ȻƺҲǴ쿪ʼkŵĻ꺣ɫ󣬱д˺ɫ
ֱգֻk䱦ͫССԺ󣬻֮ѷʧ
kҲʾЩɫΪɫ꺣
kԵĲԴδйķʽع鵽˵kʼ֮ء
ǰİ˸ԪkһδλعԺʶ
kڻ֮ڣͬ޾ɫ꺣Ϊһ塣
kҲ֮Ļ꣬ħ֪ǻ꣬ȫƬɫ꺣
һ̣kʶԨǰڵkĻ֮˲佫ھżԪĲ֮ɣҵkʶ𣬵kʱ֮ع
ԨԨѪ⾫ܣԴ˶õ
kҲԨӵһԪ֮꣡
kҲ˶˲
ӼԴʲôʽĥkԣ
ֻҪеkڣֻҪеkԨЯ֣ԴҲ޷ִԴߴԨĲ֮ݣ


ڶǧʮ ϵķ϶
Դ֮صĻ֮棬ͷųˣɫԡ
еԴеϲޱȡ
k˼ͷkһشʶƬޱ߹ɫ꺣kϴۻ࣬һ
ŴԪĻӡڵkƬػ꺣ʱ͵k϶ȱԽԽߡ
kͻȻһʵ
Դÿ֮ǰͨٻصkͷŵڶԴ飬ԴعԴ֮ضӦľԺԴܻôǣܹõһ
ʵkԨҲˡ
ɵkԨǴȫλǷԴٻɢԴ飬Ƿʱ
ǻ飬ǵ꣬Ԩ͵kɢӡ
һ֮ѪһλعӦkԨ㾧棬kԨҲӭ
ԴټԴ״һģ
Ȼ֮ǰǰ˸ԪǴû
Ϊʼʱ򣬵kԨѾʧȥҵʶkѾǰˡ
ȻkǶˡˣȻҲͲܸܵʱꡢܻ֮عkٴ
Դʼǰkʧȥʶ
ԴǲõkǣͨһԪĻۣӶԼ
ԲŻԨ˵˳򡭡ʵҪ
ԭˡ
ͨһͨӨʴ̬ġԨڻ֮ڲƬɫð
kԴʶƬɫס
˿̣kźǾŴԪǻĻ֮ӡǣkʶչ
kܴÿһػӡ֪һУ֪һȫ̡
Ҳʱk޾ɫĺףһ˿ɫʡ
kĿ棬kޱǿʶ׷һ˿ʵĺɫ
kһ˿ɫ˴ڰԴľ飬һ˿쳣ĺɫջڰԴľʱ;˴ޡԹ̰ļͬ顣
ɫܾľ飬·Ӧ棬ܷŴĵа
ԴĬţǰ˴ԪkԨദʽ
ǰԪĵkʹ֮ѪԨһֱศɵĹϵ
ңkǰܵ໥׽
ԪkԨ˭ѣֻҪkˣͻƾ׽УΪΪʵͬˡ
ңûйκεķ硣
ھʱ򣬵kԨΪkΪ
ǰԪkԨĹϵ̫ʼĬrԨkΪҶ
գԴ׼ʱkԨһִͬ˵ء
Ȼ˵ÿһεkǶսˣɵkǲû١
kܺڵkʧȥʶǰԼһԪټ
ȵkٴkǻʧܵԭ򣬻ȥ˼ѹԴ
ʱĵkǣؼΪܵλԴ顣
һԪһԪȵ˵ԪʱkֵѼΪֲ
㣬kڵԪսԴͳΣ
Ԫ䣬kԨʧȥʶѹǰʵԵԪϣ
kţkǶȡԪʧܵĽѵڵԪӭʤ
ȻڵԪսᣬԪδʱԨڳ״̬Ѫ֮滹δԴͷǰ
kȻǰˣ
ָԵĵkӲԴ֮ĿֲǿдӶӦkĻ֮룬˵ǲ֮ѿ
kһССĻ֮棬Ϊ䱦
kѺ룬ҲζŵԪǰ
Դǰʱѡڵk֮ٴɢڶԴӣҲͨԨɢӣȥָ硣
һĵkССһѪ֮棬ڸԴ黹û׳ʱk˿ɹ۵
kѰҵԨԨҲѣǰԪʧܾڵԪЯ֡
ɵkͻȻа˽ģߵĹϵҲӴ˷ı䡣
ΪkˣҪԨûȫǰԨƿסаͷ
һҲ޷ƣkǴӵԪı䣬kƬ꺣Ӵɫڡ
Դ֮صĸߴ͵kӦĻ֮飬ҲӴ˶һѷ졣
k֮ͶһԴ顣
һԶ͵k飬·Զ̷kԶҲĺڰԴ顣
ߣڰˣʱĵھżԪ
ڰԴ鶼ڵkԣĬĬkȡԨ˵kʵɿĻ顣
kԨЯ֣ԵkΪԨȫӵkūԨ
ӵԪʼԴûпʼǰǵkںԨ
ʱǵkԽԨʱԨԽk˫ӴʧȥЯֶԵеĿܡ
ߡڰˣڵĵھżԪĸļԪʱܱ˵kԨ
취ЯֵԴŸӮԴ˵
ÿÿȵkԴǰһεִkѾľ޴󣬵kԼսдġ
˴Ϊ˵ĵkǣװ˷һԪĻۣûͨһ¼ԪѰٳõİ취ӦԴȫ˷ںϡ
Ҳˣߡڰ˼Ԫkǳkǰܵķ죡
Ԫ
kkѿ֮飬дߵһС鶪Ժ󣬷־ȫϡ
kȥĴţҲɫɫɫ꺣û
ֿһڰ˿ߣܹаһ龧棬ڰľ顣
kȫ˹
ڵԪԺԵkԨķˣӮʤԴʶڽĵԪk鷳
ԴѾûܹڵԪԵkЯֵ
Դڲ߽kǣ
kȻǰѣkʱϵһСѪ֮棬kӴڰԶ飬kԵĸı䡣
еһУԴڰԴͨǿkΪ䱦ľӰk
һֱҵĴԨ
ҵǰѣұԴŪǶӦҵĻ֮ѿһ϶ӦڵԪսkֻأ
Դ˲䶴ࡣ
Ҳʱ
ںֵԨɫâ֣ܵԴϢı仯¶ȻЦ⡣
֪ԴѾʽع顣
ԪλΪֿܵѻ飬ϴ˱ԴɢݵĲа
׻֮Դ꣬Ưڹɫ꺣k¶ԨһЦݡ
꺣ȻӿkԺľͻȻ·͸
統Ԩ̳kܶڵkȥ֪·˲ľһ㡣

kĻܣ׼ѰǰԴ֮ذ˸ģԨ̳һҫ̨档
ľˮ
ԭȺ͵k̳Ӧİ˲̨棬ڰ˿ɫͬľڲ֪˵kĻܡ
˹ɻܾʹ͸ͻȻǰ˿龧塣
ľˮ
ǰ˸ڵڶԴ飬ԲͬļԪʱеľԴ黹ֹһ
еԴ飬ʧȥʶ״̬kǵ͵kǲĴУkνʶȫܵԴס
ǵkǻججʶڹͬԴ
ԴͨأͨڶྦྷڣԴʶǿ
ÿһԪkɢԴӣԴʱݻ׳ڵkǰع飬Դ֮һŵԴ顣
Դ׳Լķʽ



ڶǧʮ ջټȫ꣩
ԴԣԴ֮شӵһԪھżԪԴʶ
ԴعԴ֮أʧȥʶΪ˵k˼ҵľͳһ
kѪ֮ģԪԴʶ֮ϣͳԴʶ
ɾڴ˿̣ͨھżԪԨԴ꣬ȫѵ״̬ͻȻkĻ͸
kԨķԸᶨƵŵkϻ飬kȫԨս
kȾͲ߷ˣǰ˸ڣڻجδ֪״̬Դǡ
ôȻˣ
ڲعеľڣھżԪĹ֮Դ
kȻǰkĹԴھڲҫؾȻа˸
ǰ˸ԪĹ֮Դǣ֮磡
һһӨâͻȻ֮񷴹䣬ǰ˸͵kһĹԴ
ǰʱİ˸֮Դ飬ӦôجԣҲӭ˸ա
ڵk֮
һ鰵ɫľڣ֮ĸѹҲһ۾Ϳа˿½أƯڴ˷硣
˵ӨâȻͻȻǰ˸͵kϢһµ½顣
֮ǰ˸ԪĴ֮ǣҲkһӭѣ˲Ļج״̬
ƵҲ顣
ľˮ𣬺ͷһʧȥԵԴ飬ԴĻܹעԺ󣬷׷ӭѡ
Դ
ԴǴڵȨ
ԴռǵһУ
ڰ˸УЩӾŴԪӿֵڶԴ飬ʶܵԴѶϢʱ֪ʲô
Դ֮·Ϊ˷شʯİ˸ϴ󾧿飬ͻȻҫڵkǵԣ
kҲڷ𷴿
꣡꣡꣡
ֳ˫ֵɣѤöصļУа˹ɵkΪϤڵõԴʱȥ
Ԫ֮Ǳ֮Ҳʧȥ˽ľˮ͹ļӳ֡
Ԩһֻ֣صľʯֵɵ֮
ԨȭΪľУڶѨϺӦİѪܱŴԪλǿǵͨĪļӳ֣޵Ŀֲ˳
䣡꣡
һ䣬ֵɵǱ֮ͻȻѿ
޼᲻ݵ⾧񽣣нľˮļӳ֡
ǽ𡢺ء⼸λԴӡڣ񽣲Ҳ̵˼¡
ǰԨƴȫҲ޷֮ͻһ˿Ѻۡ
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