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1 
˭
ҽǽ
򿪵Уһλս˻۾Ŀгã
ļǱһס˰㣬ǰȴ޷
ʲôÿŵģֱӳɴǸ㣿һղԶ
֪ʲôϴ󿴹ˣǼһϵսǹŶϴ˵Ҫճһʱ䣬ĵ»ָܽŶսǼһﵽʱӵ̫֮Сһص
е˵ĶԻһʱ״̬ȻѾ˹ϴ˼ߵ¶ȣǸյ֢״
Ҫһ壬ȵУоͬԼİ㣬ʧ״̬ҲоԼڿʧ
ҪˣҲ
ʱദһ΢ɫĹâϲصͼƣһůӿȫȥ
ΪǿдѶ𻵵֯ԼٶȻָš
յǲõߵķʽ߿ڵٽ㣬ڵ״̬ʱ弸жٱ仯Ҳ൱ӳ
ߵĽɲմ򿪾Ͳܲ˵ģⲻǾ˶ıɱ
ůʱֻϢϢʱȴоָ˻Ŷ˶ָƣֱ̧
ֱֻû⣬˫ֳʱŹ۲ܵĻ
ڵĵطһεĽ壬ǱҺ壬ھЩҺ֮С
ߵĶյˣմеˡ
һӲӲҲûãϴ˵Ҫӵ̫УҲûãһ˰̵׳˵
ȻһƬ磬ûװ׳е˼
˭ֻ֪в֮£Ҫѯʣʵ
һӻˣ֪Լ˭һ˹ĵĺҡͷ˵Ŷ˵иƣдҶã֮ǰ֪Լ֣
ˣھɱ·˺ý׳Щͷ˵
׳ȡǹ׼ǰȴ˹ĺ
ɱѪսϣʱϴϴ˹ĺҡͷ˵
ܵǾͽõӽɣ׳һҲǣͷǡ
׳ֽ˳ƺǾ̫ʱߣеطǳᣬرץסĸ첲һֻֻס
屾ˣʾ߽ڵ֬ˮݣȫĵˡ
׳ҲǺ֣ܹڲʹøҩǰ£״̬ѹģ֮ǰĹѹоͻ
νˣֻ鷳һЩѡ
׳ڵϣ׼ȡԼذףȴǷСһذףذײƤ֮С
һΪԼذ׶׼ˣ׳ЦСذץȥ
ڰ׳ֽҪӴذ׵˲䣬ıܷӦ
Ϊı˵ɱ
Сÿ˰׳Ķһ˦ڰ׳Ľ֮ϣ͹ӵİ׳ʧȥƽ˵
СһĨǰƤеذ׾ͳС
ذ׳ֳɫĹâŰ׳ĲӴɨȥ
ٶȲ죬ڰ׳ƽ״ֻ̬дžֵĿԼĲ뵭ɫнӴĴʧڶ̶Ϣʱͻֹ
˹ĺӿ׳һɨûżǹЦ
׳Ƕ˴ˣư׳úúȼ٣޷ġ
׳Ǻӵļһ׳ϵ˰̣޷ƣ˰̣ʾ䡣
˾ԲԼ֮˴֮´ȥģ˹ĺзǳ
̫պǿģ˹ĺֻпֿϷûȥæ뷨
ܿͷֲˣᵽѪζͬʱ׳ҲһͷԵϣѪۻĵϺ
˹ĺæγǹĿ⿴򱻰׳嵲ס
ֲ֪ʲôʱѾʧˣͷƤ飬ǹתǹڣҪҳ


2 ָ
Ҳ̫ټ˼⣬ͼһ
˹ĺӵĿɨңжܲλãҲֻˡ
˽еǹ֮£ֻеǹܹṩȫУûз
״̬˹ĺҪԼԭǶȣ׳ǹûжʧ˵вûǹֻҪСһЩвԲ
˹ĺʱ򷢳ôŶеĵλͻ½ܶࡣ
սǿ׳Ȼ޷һûı֮ˣ׳˲ҪǻҪŶмȥġ
ҿˣɣʵʵɱ㣡˹ĺӿշСĵƶŲһ߿һ˵
ߵ׳ʬԣҪʬϿ֮ʱһӰʬ·һɫâɨǹǹϢĵ䡣
˹ĺӷһ˺ѷεĲҽУһȫѪȾվǰ
˹ĺûԼôļǿʱĵһѡͨһڵϡ

Ŀû֮ǰǰĴͣʱһİȻ
˹ĺڿĿ֮ʱеηǼˡ
ǳϤĿ⣬һЩǿ۾УͬĿ⣬һֶĮӣһɱϡ
˭ŵɫذ׵΢΢ζţĹɵģûеһʱɱ˹ĺӣʵ
ѰԼݣҪ¡
ǵķɴգϴջգֽգǾ˹ĺ˵˱ɱòش
գظ֣ƺл֣̫ң޷ļָ
˹ĺһֱڹ۲ڷ˫Ŀָֻã΢΢һ
رǰذףƽȣţֻذ׵֣ƤŹͷѪɼ
ϾͿԿ˹ĺӾһּջƺǰֻҪһͻᵹ¡
˹ĺǿס󴦵ʹ֪ʱֹѪҪ֣ͻȥ
һ֮ڣô˵ҲһմѪĺڿʱȱٲ
Ȼȥýһֻץŵɫذ׵һֲֻ¡
˹ĺӷ˲䣬֪ΣգûоԵĿƣŵɫذ׵΢΢һɨ˹ĺӵĲӾͬ˰׳㡣
˹ĺǰ˵ӰһͣĿɻŭ
ʱΪǹģܿʧʶʼģϵս
Ŷսϴˣ˹ĺӴͷȥ
˹ĺӵºڵĴŴոմѣȻദΪָ壬֮һֱûв
ļȻڣսܲûн׳ϡ
ԭսѡϻʹ˹ƣܹС׳
˹ĺӵϷûеһʱȥʰڵϵǹĿʳ弫ȱ롣
˹ĺӵʬϣҵһͬ״Ʒ
̿ζʳӪ״Ʒϱע֡
֪ܵʳеذп̿ζʳӪһͷ֭ѹС
ʳӪһִͣһʳӪ̺㹻Ͷһġ
ڵļвûΪһ̿ζʳӪڶͣ崦ȱӪ״̬
˰׳ʬԣεջ񲻴ҵʳӪڿζϲͬӪȴͬġ
ʳӪ¸Ҳͣʱ˵ڵϵǹ
˹ĺӵֻ棬˹ĺӵõĿʼеǹ
ֵĸоǹȻǼΪİģָֺƵĸо
ɵĽǹĵ£ǹ⣬ֿٽǹԭ
ǹ鴦ڰٷ֮ʮ״̬֮лʮӵǼΪͨĺϽ𵯡
ǹṩӵʵǵͷ֣ƶͷ
ǹʮ׵ķΧڣƿϵս
ֽ˰׳ǹҲȡ˹ֱʱԵķһЩҲûй˼İ


3 
ɫذײСȵƤ֮УԼϼ
ϳһս⣬һ鱻קսƣΪʱ̫ãʧȥֻ⼸Ϊǿ½ǣûΪûʧ
ҵ֣ҡҡͷеļ仹һƬģ
Կ϶Լļ䲢ûʧΪеļƬģ֮ȥ
죬Ҫܣڲûгܵ
Ϣһָһ㣬վߵԡ
ûпȴ޷򿪡
ԥһ£Ȼſ޷򿪣ָоֻҪ룬а취
ҪǶָһЩӦ÷ǳΣգֻгܹȹΣա
ԣյסԼ壬۾˯״̬
ʲôľܹɱ˺Ȼܹ˯ǿͨ˵֪
ȴķǳȻղɱһıܡ
ļûлָǰ֪θõȥ
˵ʵ˰׳˹ĺӲûԼҪһʱûг֣Ҳû˭ҹǡ
һ˯ķǳȣ˯˽ʮСʱľõԵĻָ
ҲָһЩȻָֻǺоԵģƾʳӪҪ֮ǰĿղϣǲܵġ
ȻûжıܸʱϵԽãԽ
Ϊ˼ģбԡ
ʱȥ˶ʮСʱ֮ʣλٴγ˺ɫâͼ֣һůȫ
ůɿصˮÿһ
̶ϢһȦȻѾָһЩǿϢ·µļ⿪ʼ¡
վõҪĽָС֡
ţǽЩҪĵˡ
ҲʱŷŴ򿪡
ʲôôûнҲͨѶϴѾˣһˣ߶߶˵Ż
ֻǵ߽ʱͿվǰȫѪݵİˣԼİ˱ŵ
ȡҪճڣͱеǹС
ߵʬԣѳʳӪĳ˾ǿ伢
ʳӪУ߳˴š
һԼ׵ͨ˴ͨһ߹˵ĿÿӰ
ͨҲ࣬˱
ûжеǹǵɱˣתɱҲˡ
ˮڷʱ׼γԵֱȫɱҲûһ˳ɹİγɼж졣
Ҳǹǻͷ鿴ȻҪγֽͬӴʱҲӵҪ
ս˲俪ʼ˲
ݵĽͨļ£ɴԷûеǼɴˣͬʱΣյȼߡ
̶ľڷɴкյԵ֪ͨ
D1012ִߣѾڸͨɱԱΣյȼļ
ԵĻеڷɴú֪¼ء
̶ľ󣬴֮ƺĳ˫ٲɱ񣬶Ǳ˳֮ɫ
ҲǻǰǴ󲽷ɱ
ͨһԵŴ򿪣һȫװĺһ̽ͷͱһǹͷУֻ⿴⺣ܵٶȶûκα仯
ͨбܵһ㣬Щƽʱ׺ݵĺֻҪ־
ĴߣӵŦҲȺϴŹĻʵ
ǰĹĻϣڲŽͨչɱƵ
ŦǼϤսʱһʱ֪˭ˡ
Ŧ֮ȥİսΪϳսĳֹŶս٣һЩղؼҵС
գȻ֪ȴʶʣյĲüΪĺϽƳɣŶֵЩϽϱǳ
̫зգŦΪǼһˣǸһƱջ
û뵽ԭΪߣȴɱǣɱµĺǡ
ϴǷסǰͨٲסĻ˾ҪCˣһԵĴ󸱳ѯʵ


4 ɱ¾
ɴиŵģƽʱģַɴĳ𻵶й©ʱͻὫŷ£ɴ
ͨ¸ŶΪ˴ѣǿнɴ
δΪһ˶ŦԿˡ
˵ǴˣŦҲƽ
ĻʾķǳĹܼ򵥣ǹ
׼еǹҪǿϺܶ࣬ÿζǹ׼ȷкðͷĻᶼûС
ϵĲ࣬սĲࡣ
ǰȺνĺһȺûʲô
رǵŦ֮ʱ޷ʱ뷨͸ǿҡ
øСӴC˵ֿȡװŦ
СȺеսƽʱֱߡ
СӹȥŦſһʱ䣬ຣʱ任װ
Сʮˣеͻǹһʮ־ڳ⻹䱸һֻƵʸԼһֻǹ
ֻС֮ͨУûǡ
ϴˣȥװҪϴ֪Ƕһ٣Ǿ㹻ˣԵĺ˵
Ǿ㹻ˣຣȫӦ
۾ϳ˵ͼǷɴԷ۾ϵģʾǰλá
׼Ŀϳ֣˵
סȫеָǰͨתλá
һ״̬ľ߶ȼУ֪֮κγһеˣֻҪ¶һ˿Ķͻᱻ֪
˿һ·ɱʱ̶пܱͻȻֵĵ˹ʵһжƿ֮С
Σոдǰǰһתǣıܲûͣ£ƺıУûнɴϵĺƽȵĶ֡
Ҳû뵽˻ַʽҪ֪սתҪ̽һ
Ҳ£ʮˣķӦٶʱ¶ֲ֮
˫ǹͬʱ𣬵һοӵ˲Ƶʸǹͷ­ġ
е֮µİڵŻ˸Եͻǹ
еǹûͣ£ȴڱкһӵȫա
ֻоͷһŵ۾жϿһӵüġ
ڵ֮ʱѾǹԵĶԱһˤ
ٶʵ̫ˣƾ˲֮¡
ɨϷļأŦҲͨعۿս·֮䣬ŦоԼĿĿˡ
Ŧȫַĸоôһ˫۾˫۾ɱ⼸
˵֮ǰĺ֯ĵֿôʮСȴսҸСǺ֮ǿģɾǿһ֧ʮСӣȴֻһͱɱˡ
Ŧʱľɱ֮⣬ʵ벻Ĵս
ɱкȵ
սо赲סڱ䱡սҲڴ̼սܣҪɱ¾
ûȥʰȡνСĻ֮УЩԻеǹķ㡣
CʧأĿڽB󸱿Ŧѵ
ٲŹϣҪAˣAҷɴĺ
нٶ̫ˣŦҲԥ֮䣬ʧȥ˽B֮Ļᡣ
رBAĸţŦ
ոڲֿȡװBʱ˸ţͽǹˣһдԱѵ
ˣǵסǼһŦ˵
ʱʮֺڣôͽɱǷŽ˷ɴ
ҷɴͬͨҵɴʵǾװģŸ˹ڣԸûװķɴ⡣
Ÿ˹޷ڣʵ϶ԷɴڵսֻźǵĸսͿɿս֡
ڽ֮ǰŦһֱΪԼĺǶսǿľӢǰһж˵һ㣬ЩûľӢ
BսCһСӸ磬ʵCСӱ˲ɱϢBټŦرBA֮ĸźBͲս
еĴŸţϣĺܰŴ򿪣ǽȥ
еĴҵطأߵǣһֱӽеڵϣȫſڵ֮ϡ


5 ս
˫۳죬ȫɱ⣬ɱⲢΪɴϵĺҪɱ𣬶ΪһԼļ䡣
ĸо֮Уƺϰɱ¾ˣôذ׻ǹô
رǶһȺֳָĵˣȴֻǵһȺ
ڷɴԷ˾ͨеĲŶˣΪ˸ɱ¾ÿһҡ
ĸֻ֪ҪңͿ֪صĵ
еһҲǰӦ
ϴ㣬Ŵ򿪣
ֵܣŴѽ
ǲ棡
޺ԼĴŵͨл
Щģͨһ߿ĵطʱǹ
ͻǹǹͬģǹ̴ٲ΢
ڸߵĺǣÿһν𣬶ǹеǹսƵʵ̫ˡ
ƾǹͿжϳǸħڿٽӽ
ЩƽҲڼη޷սʤĵʱرǵȴ֮ʱеĺ¡ȴ޷ֹ
ǹͣ۾ͨķϣħȥˡ
пܣûܹͨͬʱôֳĺһֱʤģҲûиһȥ鿴
վһҵĹǰ⴦BĲңǺݵλķ䡣
Բ˵ʹþͿʹõģҪһȨ޲ܹʹá
Ҳ֪ҵĺǲʹùʱӵľ뿪Ҳûйرչԣᡣ
ڿʱܵǰָڹĻ
ǹһԣֵָΪ˲ӰһֵĹĻ֮ϡ
棬ܹ棬ܹ
ԵŦڵA𣬲ԽԽϳ˰㡣
ǣԣŦתͷһ۵ĺ
ǷɴϵļԱʱǰĹĻڹĻһɫӴֵ֣Ȩʣ
ŶԷڹ֮ʱͽȨ޸ȡˡ
ȻҲͨԵģԶ޷ӦԵĵˣʲô취
ŦʱҲ鷳ԷɴĲȨҲȡˣǰĹĻͬǡȨʣ
׼սŦе
ͲúõͻǹԼһѵͻǹûиAں԰ȫС
ǣǲʧ𣿡Ŧ뵽һܣȴҡͷˡ
ŦǴϵսϵ־²ݵģǸݺܾǰͱȡˡ
Ŧ޷⣬Ǹ˵еġǡʲôӵս
ŦԿ϶ǣӵгʵʿʿĻ״̬Ҳ
˵սʿͬʿսȴõǹ
ʿʹǹе˵ĺǿʿսֻҪʿ˵ݣΨͶķݡ
ϴ˵˭һԵĴŦĻʵ
Ŧ׼˵֮ʱɴϾ˸ĵƹͻȻָ
ŦɫΪѿֻһܣǾǷɴԱֳɹˡ
ȻABĸŻˡ
ʤˣˣBĺǣ֪Ϊ߱ڽҪ򿪵ĸǰš
Ŧ
ͻǹȿÿǧӵΪ֯
վͨڻĺǣЩû׷ʲô£ͱͻǹӵС
һЩܵ滹
ֻAͻǹͬʱַԵ
ͨеĺǣֻһ˵ĺͨԵһṹΪڻûбһֵĹɱ
⺣Ҳһǹһȼء
ΪʲôϴΪʲôҪɱǣеϵʹԼеĲȫк
һö罬ףһ̰ɣŦ
⺣ҽУʱĲңиµĵ˵ǡ
󸱵˵ͷһȡ˵罬װ˱˳ȥ
罬׵ƻǹ̶İ뾶ף׶СսΪ
رǷɴڲսԾٶԷɴƻΪԭ
Ϊ˫˭ʤҪɴ棬ɴһƻȫ̫֮С


6 
罬׻һ߷˳ȥ󸱵ͶˮƽǳҲŦָԭ
罬׷ߵ֮ʱǹǹǣöӵͬʱ˵罬ס
罬׻ᱻڿֱը
ǹޣöӵܿ˵罬׵Ҫλá
罬ܵöӵķֹͣǰķУǱĵɻȥ
ΣŦͬʱ
ǵһʱ䷭ͻǹĺԼһЩûļӦֻ罬׷ɻںȺм䡣
ȵİɫ˲û˺ȺA˰֮С
ӰͨУеǹͨ˵ĺɱ
һAϵսѥѪ֮ϣëȻнġડ
Ŧ󸱵ĶУһĿ
ǿ̸̸𣿡Ŧڲ̨󣬾Լ壬Լ¶һ㣬е
ڿսƵŦûƾԼսµĶս
¶ˣûһʤ㡣
˭ŲŵѪ⣬߱ʵ
Ŧ⣬Ҳ²۲ѣ֪˭ֲܲش
ش𻹿һشĻǾǱ
ˣϴսԼľжϣսζְҵսװһְҵսŦش
üͷȴļȱʧܵĸоŦ˵ʵ
ֵǣְֶҵսȻиС
ְҵսظ
˫еĳʧϵɱҲ
ŦֻоȫѹһᣬͬԶħĸоҲڼ
ˣŦһаҵ
ɱʧʾɱˡ
ɾŦΪ֮ʱԵĴȴҵ˻ᣬжͻǹ̽ͷ׼
ŦҪֹ
û˵꣬һǹ𣬴󸱵صˤڵأһ˫۾֮г˲ʣüλһѪɫ塣
ŦͿվǰһ˫ոȥĳ˫ֱۣ˺ɫ
Ŧģȴûٸᡣ
һǹ֮Ŧڴԣ۾עڴ󸱵ϣֱһ̣޵Ĳ֪Ĵ󸱡
ڴλϣƷǰĲ̨ϣָڹĻϲš
ƿʼܣ־ƱոĹܡ
ֻյĻУûкǵҫҲûԴԴʹ޷
Ƴܺڲܿϳϵͳ
ƣ˵ûһأôƾ˽Ψһ֤ݡ
ʾɹָϵϢ
ԴСʾܣʾĻϢ

ְҵְҵս
սѧԺ515ѧԱ
Σְҵսξ
գ19001510
ܼ򵥵ϢԼݣԼһְҵսһˣһξһѧԱ
ڼûлָ£Щ޷жϳݵα
ԼԴַʽܹ׳ҵ˼
ӵгѰսܣսǷǳȫģذ׵ǹٵʹùԣЩǵӴЩƷȻȻܹġ
һжϣһ˵ĸʷǳ
ϧɱ¾ûļָеļǰ޷ץס
ʼеݣ֪ɴһװɴ
ȻڷɴŸ˹޷ݵģݸ˹ڲһܹģҷɴûָߵȼԡ
ͬģҪҷɴ̫պУҲҪʮԱϡ
ʱŷ֣ɱ¾һ̫֮С
ԣźţ
ǣڹƵźţ
׼ȴ˹Ļһʾɴ˴
ԣҽ׼ȷڣٴʵ
1952531գԸ׼ȷʱ䡣
ôȡԼƣʱ䣬૵˵
ϣĳ19001꣬19525꣬524꣬ȷģҲȷģô佫524ꡣ
ļȱʧҲ֪ǲܴﵽٶġ


7 Ԯ
غһ̽ɴĿδ֪̫򿪷µİȫⷢµԴǣǶغŸ
غĿǰڵ̫һƬδ̫غڽƬǿյɨУЩݽڷغΪ̫ͼһ֡
ƵźţΪ96㣬30㣬16000޵
ɨ裬жĿλãķ
עغŵɨװÿʼ
Ŀ꣬ĿΣյȼΪǷװͷɴϺݿԱȽжΪɴĿǰúɴƯ״̬ܼ󣡡޽ɨ㱨
غװ̽ɴ°ķǲΣյȼΪĺɴ
ܺɴΪηźţảɴǷװǺɴڲĺҲغϵĴԱܹӦġ
βͬغһбսָӹ٣뵽ﰲķϲ¶Ц⡣
սָӹ٣뵽ңķͨѶ˵
ܿ죬Ůʽսһ˫ȵĿսָӹٽ˿ҡ
氲ķսָӹٷսָӹپ
ķεҡҡͷܵĻԲÿôŮغţΪغʮҪսָӹ١
ڿıټϻбڣðķ޷ܾ
սָӹ٣ǰһշɴΣյȼҪȥ鿴һ¡ķһԸ
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սָӹһֱһģŬսָӹٵĹ⺽еĹѲ߲鿴С¡
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һ˿Եģսָӹϵǹص
㲻֪ͨ¬ʿô֪ͨǲһ˵Ϻɴģķ˵
غֻ̽ɴ˱ҪĴԱ⣬оԱˣսԱҲֻпսָӹһˡ
˵¬ʿǲغŵһԱķҲ벻һλǿʿغš
ðɣҽ¬壡սָӹεӦ
غŵɨװʱ̹עźɴ״̬Էɴʲô仯رŸ˹Ƿ춯
غŵĲſ1Сͷɴзɳźɴķȥ
1СͷɴУ˿սָӹ⣬һһǣ˾ǰķᵽ¬ʿս顣
ͨԷƵ˽ӽСͷɴ
ɴĲſСͷɴĽ롣
սָӹٿɴĲſССһ
˵¬ʿ汣̫սȴ¡
ֻҪܹ뺣ɴڲôܷʲô¬ʿɽ
սָӹ뿪Сͷɴϴһ̫ս̫ս̫жҲԤһ
̽ǣԼ¬ʿԼǵź⣬ڿƲմһźš
¬ʿû˵Ǳսָӹ٣ڿ£ǲʵģֻҪΣգ֡
սָӹߵڲʱֲԶˡ
ڽͨɫʱˡ
ۿȥڵͨУÿһξмʬ塣
Ϊһողμӹսָӹ٣ӳڿʬҲûнһ쿴Ķࡣ
սָӹǿסеĲʣĬţսָӹ٣
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¬ʿҲüͷսǼң֮˵ǹֲÿһڵλöҪ
һһ·˺ɴǰҲǿڡ
ѾȺˣ˱Ԯȵ׼ձƵĶ⣬û뵽ߵƷ
ǹӵһԣþԮԱʲôᡣ
սָӹٽңľſ˫֣չʾûв
ѪۣսѪ˺ɫô͸˵ˡ
սָӹٵǲں¬ʿ浹ǵʮ㡣
˾ǣȫţΪ֪ھǵввսʧء


8 
ڿʱܵȫо˼ȵв
սûвĳ֣һһʱϤܹĿԼ塣
һ棬оƾſ֣޷սʤǰľǡ
Ȼûдӿսָӹϸо⣬սָӹҲûбֳرĵ⡣
¬壬ˣսָӹٶ¬ʿ˵
¬ʿ΢΢һЦڽľ£ǰϵıϢȻһɡ
оǰʧȥ˿ֲвУҲӽ״̬
غŵսָӹٿλԸ﷢ʲôսָӹٿʵ
ǴгģɱңҾɱǣ򵥵Ļش
ݣսָӹټôϣʵ
ʧˣҵƣԼȡµ˹ȥ
սָӹٶʧ˵ûжϿɣɲһʧ˿Һɴϵĺȫɱ֮¡
ݷɣɱΪɣһΪԿսָӹ޷ָⷽ
̫κ˶ȨйֹҲȹ
Ҳ˵̫֮У˺ĴڣڷҲ֧Ϊġ
սָӹٽӹƣȿϵĹϢ
ֻϢ¶֮ɫܿ쾪ȱ˻벻ߡ
㻹֣ϵϢʵģôٶˣѾµĳټ¼սָӹٵĻдŨŨĳ
ɫȻҲûÿսָӹϵϢҪ˵սָӹˣԼҲԼϵϢлɡ
ҪǿսָӹܹȥҵʵݣҵʵݣһԼļ䡣
ְҵսְ֪ҵսǰѾӾȡˣսָӹְָҵսһ˵
֪ΪΣϢʱвɾһʹг˷겻
սָӹٽƶ豸Ľӿڣȴʾ޷ƥ䡣
޷֤αҪǻغŵĻҪսָӹȡһֻ˵
û⣬ֻϣܹҽɾʵҵݣ˫˵
սָӹû뵽ôɴ࣬ǰ
ʲôҲҪϽغҪмģҪ˶Ǹغšսָӹټ˵
СϰŵƤȡ˿սָӹٵС
սָӹٽӹƤףƤ׵ķһɡ
İγذףذϵɫĹâذϵıǣɻˡ
ΪһװԣԿ϶һƷְҵսذס
ʱ򣬿սָӹע⵽ϵս֮ǰսϲѪۣû̫ע⡣
ڲŷ֣սȻҲְҵսս
ֿսϵξΣξһֱûôһЩľľλЩ֮ͬ
ξαѪȾܹĳһöְҵսξΡ
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Ҫգܹ֤ʵݵ֤ݣָָһԵҪ
¬壬鷳ˣսָӹٿ¬ʿ˵
¬ʿЦһֻֽץ𣬾һݰɡ
ͫһҪ֪⺣ɴϵͳһһģҲ˵յûκε˥
¬ʿֳ޷⣬תƹĻ˹ߡ
¬ʿҲΪ֮չֳʵΪ
Ȼʵ㲻ʲôͨ˶ԣвǷǳġ
սָӹǰм䣬¬ʿץں󣬾ǰԣֻҪһ˿춯ͻᱻ˺Ƭ
ǳΣյĸ֪ͬսһǿ
ķǵľԮúɴδսָӹٱ߱ķ㱨
ȥܺɴغ޷ҷɴɣķָʾ
ɴŷǷ˽װŸ˹ڣټѾݿڷɴĺķɴ޷ףټغΪģǸΥ¡


9 
հȫ淶Ҫغŵļң鲨ɨȷϰȫ
ҿԷ֪δ֪̫ΣʣֻҪһָΣʶᱻ֣ҲԷصΪ˷ɴİȫ롣
ʷϱ̫Σֵйټİ̫ջΪİķòСϵغ˵ȫ
δΣʣδЯ
޴˼Ҳðķ
ҽƹ٣Ϊϸһ壡ķȡ˿սָӹٵĻ㱨򰢶ҽƹٷԸֵͽսָӹٸˡ
ڰķǷǳΣյģһɱȫĺȻΪ˱ȫֶʵ̫ˡ
Ҳֻпսָӹȫ̼ܹ֤غŵİȫ
ɿսָӹֱӴҽңҽƹȴš
Ҫȫҽüɨ裬֪ʧˣɨܶʧ棡ҽƹ΢Ц˵
Ҫôϣʧãϵʵ
ƽ̨ϾͿˣҽƹָ̨
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һԵĿսָӹЩ죬ΪʧǼٵģӴʱıɲǼٵġ
ҽƹʱѾ̨ϵ豸ɨ貨ɨ塣
оɨ貨ɨؿ֮ʱвһţ֪ҽüɨװã᲻ᷢദ졣
ܹڶʱڻָòЩʳӪṩദÿչ̶ʱ䷢ů
ȻĵǶģɨ貨ɨؿڲûзʲôر֮
ҲĲ٣죬Լ᲻ΪоƷ
Ҫ֪غϿǿֲ¬ʿԼǰȻԼսܺΣȴ֪ԼԲ¬ʿǰ೬ڵĶ֡
ԲЩңʧԭ򣬲ּԲҵãò˶ļͿԻָˡҽƹٿżĽЦŶ˵
ҽƹ٣ָ֪Ҫã׷ʵ
ǳϲĿǰֻجج״̬û˼䣬һжƾű£״̬Ļ޷Ƶ顣
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лллҲ˸ף¾޷ʵݣٹһʱҲлָǸϢ
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ҩסһ䵥ĴĲңҲ˿ϵ׷
⣬ĵطڼطΧҲǿսָӹǰ֪ġ
䣬ϵսȫ£Ӿ֮Լ塣
ںɴϷźŵȴԮʱҲůϴȫָˡ
ʱչھеģԱٶ뱬
ûһ˺ۣҲЩ֣ӵеսܣҪǿȵѵ˵սôûһ˰̵顣
ѵԼһߣΪԼûһ˰̣ϵƤݣ
ҡҡͷЩ뷨׿ˮϴɾһ״Ա÷
ҲԼ·ȫŽϴ»УЩ·ԣǷǳҪ֤֮һ
ϴ󣬾͸оЩ˯ǰҽƹٸҩдٽ˯ߵĳɷ֣һͳԹҩʱҩЧ
ڰȫҲĵĵڴϣܿͽ˳˯״̬
սָӹٴʳôȡһײͣ׼͸
ĺɴͬغϵĹԱ࣬ɴϵĸҲǳá
غŵĹԱÿһٶԳԵʳֻܳ伢ʳӪ
սָӹĵغܲķҪãš
뿪ңҲӪΪ˵ķʽһ͡
ޣţսָӹǰŲϷ˵
޵ʱ̼У⴦ңֻ޲ܹ
Ŵ򿪣սָӹ߽ңѾ˯ŵڲڵĵƹ£ɾ¶صʡ


10 
սָӹٳǾʱԼ뺣ɴսʱȫա
ϴɾպڵƹƤ͵ڿսָӹٿ䲻ᳬʮꡣ
սָӹ޷󣬾͵һҺɴеĺȫɱ
ڳ˯ŵĽеĲ̷Ͼ׼뿪
룬غҲ˰ʱ䣬Ҳˣùͺ˯
뵽սָӹߵߣҪȥļ
ڳ˯еڿսָӹٵƽҪļʱȻһ־ץס˿սָӹ֡
ؽڣһֻץ˿սָӹٵĲӡ
սָӹû뵽ķӦ˵ļңһʱ֮Щ£ܿͷӦ
ǿ
սָӹٵĲӻһʱͣ
սָӹȫ亹죬ΪоϢղһ˲˯еǱ׶ͻޱŨҵɱ˲ɱ
һЩгѾһˡ
ҲѹĬķſ˿սָӹ٣ջԼ֡
սָӹٸоԼرɵ뵽ѵʱ̹˵ĻǧҪóȻӽսϷصˣǼпܻԷӦӦԼΣ֮С
ʧˣȻɱһȺˣɱȽ̹˵˸ΪΣա
սָӹ٣Բ𣡡˵
Ҳ֪ӦôԼ壬սָӹٿľٶ˷ʱĴԻδѣһжսܵĲٿء
ʵǰҽƹٸҩдٽ˯ߵĳɷ֣ڿսָӹٽ֮ʱͻᾯˡ
ЩðʧˣҸʳսָӹپƽԼ˵
ɲʲôߣܹľѵĽ̹ٶߵۡ
ȻͲ󣬻غսָӹְλһԭ򣬿ûʵҲ޷Ҫĸλ
ôҲû뵽Լǰһ㻹֮ûС
в²ǰʲôˣְҵսǲܵ⣬²ǾеⲿԱ
˵Ϊְҵս֤ж٣ְҵսǰı֣ɲſŶʮҵٶꡣ
¼֮ʮʱ䣬սָӹٳÿ׼ʱʳ⣬Ͳʱˡ
һ죬սָӹȴʱڵĲҡ
ȫϣʮӺغŽԾģʽսָӹָָһԵİȫ˵
Ծģʽʣʮֿ϶Լ⡮Ծģʽʮֵİ
˵ʧȥ˼䣬һЩ֪ʶ֪ģ޷ģֻҪ֪Ӧ֣ҲϤС
ϵ׷ɴеĸ豸
ţ˰ȫϣսָӹϰһ£α˰ȫ̶ϡ
սָӹҲԱߵͬʱԼ̶ϣ׼ռԾ
غεڼǰͽˣغŻᾭԾ㷵صǣսָӹ͵
˵ĿⶢϣƺҪЩʲô
Ҫ֪ԾģʽǵǶŷֵģܹôԶԾ㼸ǲܵġ
ÿսָӹʧˣϲûر飬Щ΢ɻ
ɻİֶһǡͬ޷ϤУƺеļûϢ
Ӻغϵĵƹ˸ҴԵľ
ע⣬һӽԾ㣡
غϵ˶׼ԼڰȫϣɢƷҲս䡣
غǰķ򿴲κ壬ۻǸ豸޷ǰʲôֻͬڿ̨ĹĻʾĿռ괦һ㡣
غŷɴ㴦̫еغžƾʧ˰㡣
оʧȥǰȫĿƣͻ棬غŵϵͳʧȥӦеЧ
ͬʱǰķ仭޷壬ֻĹӳ
Ĺ㻯Ϊ˳оƺʲôǣһ㣬ǿ޷Ӱ塣
̴ųʮ룬ǰͻȻһڣ˫ۿָԭ״˿սָӹ١


11 ܱ
ĸٺкغѾ뵽ڵĶϵΧƶתĵǿ
̫շɴǺֱӽ䵽ģΪÿĴͬʱҲӴ˷ɴģغͣڵǵ̫ոۡ
оغŴھֹ״̬󲻾ãսָӹپ˲ңΪ⿪׷
ǻǰǷܲݽкʵ߰ɣսָӹٶ˸˵
߳ѺյĲң¬ʿԼǰ
¬ʿû˵ֻоǰ
һǵ׼õĵ½ͧڵ½ͧϣԼգԼƷĺӡ
㻹˵ʵݣðþƣǻϾ·ͥģҪսָӹٳѵ
Ҳˣȵ˵ǷܲбҲ޷ӰĴ
ллͨһҵݣҲͨҵһҵļ䣡¶һ˿΢Ц˵
սָӹҡҡͷ˵½ͧҲŵǽ¡
һ·û˵ǰȻû֮ǰ׺ݣһֱû뿪ϣƺǷֹʲô춯㡣
¬ʿһֱϢ
ֱ½ͧĿĵأ½ͧĲŴ򿪡
ǵˣսָӹһװƷһ˵
¬ʿһֻץգŸ߰㡣
ǵڶμ¬ʿץգÿοɡ
߳½ͧûȥɫܱǳĺһڿ
µȻϢĸоȻغҲʺĿĿȻγɵĿźܴ
˵ѾûкȻĿȫĵĸȻ
ܱһһҽм䣬һԵĿսָӹ¬ʿ֤ͳϡ
һŽףˣսָӹٿ˵
мΪ棬֪ΪΣϣǸƭӣҪȴ
Ȼˣ⴦ǷܲɲôͣģڴҪټＸܡ
սָӹ⣬û˭˵ʲô
һǽ½־ķ䣬һλܱУڵ
ǷܱУѷʱһ㼰Ʒм飬һм鶼ŵȵĹע֮£κʣʱѷУ˸֪
ϵ·һͨĴԱڽѷУ屾ܵҪ񣬲뵽ϵ·ԼδȷϵݺѹûĶ
Я𣿡ѷУһƣһйµѯš
ǵġ˵ͷص
ѷУƷ֮ϣϵһĻ
ָڹĻϲţܿһϢʾڹĻϡ
ϢϷһʾϢԶ޷ӵǰݿȡ
ѷУû֣Ҳûǰ˾ǰְҵսдʷսӢۣǿͨϵ͹ɾ߲֡
ǰͷˣҪҪŵȲѯֻŵȲȨϢ
Դǰ֮Ҳ˺ܶɣ񶼽˳УоԾŵȡ
ԶԸƶ뷨봦ʹϸӹƽҲϾΪΪ
ȻеﶼύŵãҪһɸѡ
£ֻҪѷУܹҳƷ֤⣬ô漰µﷸͻת·ͥȥ̵ĵרҵԱ֡
ѷУĿڹĻɨҪҳʾ⣬ⷽܵѵġ
ʵʾĻûгִıѾ֤ȷʵľƣƸƵĲͬŲͬķα
ǰƣǰ豸ҲԼα
ѷУ㿪ĻϵƬֵȫϢӰϸϸԱһûҳ쳣
ּ˾Σ·ȵ֤ûܹҳ쳣
ѷУĿһְۣ֮ϡ
ѷУŵȼ飡
Ļ뻭棬ʾΪͨ


12 ֤
ϲɼеŮһԵĻд
űɼָơͫסͷָѪҺȣе֤ﶼɻ˽ɨ衣
˻һڲǵȡյϡ
ָơͫסѪҺϷϣΪսգм¼һ֤ݱĿΪսѧԺ515ѧԱξռɼ֤һӺ󣬻еŮ
ڶ̶̵һУŵȴ˷ļ¼ڵĸ¼˶Աȣοյݣõ׼ȷĽۡ
ŵȣûܹд꣡ѷУ޷ɵ
ξƷյĴڶ꣬ξͷָҲͬڳ꣬ȻξʾΪʮ꣬ⲢӰ칫ĽۣŵȽ͵
ŵȵĻشǻеŮͬһ㡣
ѷУɫһŵرע
ŵȸһ¶Դʵֻŵȵһ
ŵĸȤбһԴˡ
ӭξ⣬ҪһЩЭԱָӦһУҪȴʱ䣡ŵȶ˵
һ˵仹ûлָ֪ԼʵݣٻԼĹȥ
Ĺȥʱ䣬˭֪ܹ֤ݵϻ治ڣŵȺɵĸ㶨Щ
ξʮֱǸѾ֤ҪھӪеȴ죬ԷΪûµ֤ĻرգŵȵӶϿѷУصһ
ʱѷУĿüΪ𾴣Ǳսⳡսھмÿ˶˵ҲǾӹʿʿҪֶΡ
ѷУŵĴ˵ǰеļ֪
Ǿ˵֣ѷУҪΪǩ
˵ѷУ֮ǰĻɣŵȵ֤ݵʵԲɡ

صҪлˣͷ񴦻غȫ崬ԱȥлţάٽЦŶԿսָӹ˵
սָӹʱڿĽ칫УĲˮλžǵ¬ʿǲ
֤ʵˣ۾ŵĿŰάٽʵ
ѽŵȵļ飬Ѿ֤ʵݣǴһشľϲһְҵսηѫµսӢۣάٽЦ˵
ηѫ߼ѫ£ʷϴûзˣöѫǱЩսȡشսηľˡ
ηˣôлˡ
һֱƭӣû뵽ģҪȥǸغҹѺһ£վɳ˵
ôżʲô֤Ҫʱ䣬ֻھӪ֮У׼Ӫˣάٽֹ
ͨһ£һɣе¶СŮɫ
ҲֻǰŻ֣Ǹսָӹ١
ڲУ󣡡άٽҡͷܾ
ǰάٽÿС¡
ݴЩ鷳ģŵȻԴȷ涨Ĳ֣ĴûҪо۵ģʱݲȥʡ
䵽һױ׼ٵ䣬еһжȫģףֻϲûоΡ
ĵһ¾Ǵ򿪹ԣͷֳֵĹĻϣҪ֤ܹ롣
ԣǵǷܲ־ԣʧˣӵġ
ֻҪӵˣ¡
ЩεĹص˹ԣҲˣûʲôˡ
ȥ߶УǾӪͬû֤粽С
һͬΰĵȴʱ߲ȴΪݶоš
ǰξһΪְҵսξӦøʲôݣ
ЩǾ߲ҪǵģȻû˿ˣҪҲ̫ʵ
ھ߲УҲû˭Ϊƽǲ˿ӦõĴ
ŵȵĴڣЩ߲Ϊֵľ


13 ܾ
󣬵Ƿٰάٽİ칫ң칫ʱͿ˰άٽϵĽǡ
ǷİάٽݵĴάٽվߵǰϴŵЦ˵
άٽܹһӴǿģʹðάٽӴĻᡣ
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ƣҲͨѶõҲУպƣûǳ鷳ûж˵ֱȡһСɵ͸Ƭܵ


14 ͱ
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15 Σ
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16 Ϯ
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17 ս
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18 ɱ
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ûȥܶӳķйµ֪һ˼˴ԣӳ֧Ŷá
ŵԣʱڵϣϵͳʧ⣬ϵͳ֧ŵͻǹʱʧȥ˿ơ
ڰγСϵذףҪƿԼϵͳͻǹ


19 ɱ
һֱڹעţеսذֱжŵĲӡ
˷еĵˣûзϤսʽڵٻһѻ֣ԼԱ
ŲŵĽϣзŵʬ
ϵͳûذ׵ķԶһƽ⡣
סŵ֣ʱûʱƽͻǹұֻʹַʽ
ھѻֶʱжϳ˾ѻֵλãʱҪǾѻ֡
ͻǹ˸ǹ뼤ֲĵͷװǽһȱڡ
Ѿ׼еľѻ֣ѻľ벢Զֻвס
ھѻֶԣʮֽľ룬һǲġ
εҪǻڣΪӵҪ̾ѻ룬ټﴦڳڣ޷ȫѻϵҪ
˵ʵߺѡսϲûʲôֻǶԸ޴ˣͻԱǰߺǼΪȫġ
޾ԣߺڿʬǵĿʱһƬҰ
ͬ籩ӵߺԼܵ¥˺Ƭͻǹľ£ǾѻֵجΡ
ɫͷɳת򣬼ԱɳֱӼص˼ޣװĺɫͷɳޱǿĶ
ڿɫͷɳʱĿѾһɫӰˡ
Ҳûȥ׷׷Ҳ׷ϣѾͻǹĹ롣
ֱʱķȫһ֮£ԲһѣΡ
սʱǳ̣ȴǲġ
ֻҪһʧôͻΪ˵ķ²Ϊǹꡣ
˿װеĳʱķװһƬǽ塣
ŮԼڵĻ¼ⳡս£ûвһߡ
ȫװʬ˵ĵڵϣȻںɴɱһɴĺεԶһΡ
Ҫ֪ľʵ̫ˣ޷ЩװȣЩװһʼҪץڣ޷ӳ졣
һͷκѹ𵴵ıըҲ֪ˡ
ܵĽ䣬ֻγΪڳ֮Уֻʱе·ûнǹϡ
Щˣǹܹæ
ȡԼƣҪϵ¬
ֻƵźűסˣûа취ԮҲҴ¼ȥæ
ӶԷܹʹ𵴵ǳϮ߾Բͨٷˣͨٷ˸㲻𵴵Ĺװ
ڵĿû֮ǰţԴӱƷһΣԼľӢ֮Ĳ
սĶЩ󣬲ʱ䲢ԼӺһͻǹܼǹ氲
һܹͻǹ֮»š
ְҵսûκ޷ĵôõġ
Ҳʱе΢΢һϣѾܹˡ
ûκεԥһʱ¬ʿźţű˾
һжúѾȥһʱ䣬ʱȻûʲô
СĵĴһ˿ŷ죬档
ᵽһɴ̱ǵѪζ󿴵ɢڵҵ·Уŵļսȫװʬ塣
ЩʬǱѪһ㣬ѪʬⲻϵմȾʬԴƬĵ档
ͬʱҲվһʬԵʱƣɫʮѿ
ʱ׷ʲôڶ̶̵ʱֿȭϮȫɱ
ְҵսʵи̾
ûӢ۹ְֱҵսȻǲĹǿĵ
û˰ɣҲͨŮˣܹרҵľѵ֮߳¼俴ϵѪĵʵ
ûˣϵѪսմϵģҡͷ˵
ղıоƣغĸá
ѾˣϾͻȥˣϢһ£һº˵
ڿ鼸Ů۵ֲ޴ʱһӰȻװꡣ
һ׼ս̬֮ʱȴǷ¬ʿ
¬ʱھǰıϣ˫ĿڷװɨһõĿ󣬲ǳһ
¬壡¬˸к¬еĲҲʧˡ
ףֻҪ¬ʿڣͲΣա


20 
¬ʿû˵Ӿǰ£ЩüĿ˿ֳȻߵ˿ԡ
¬ʮ÷ɳХͣ˷װſڡ
濴װ֪սĲҳ̶ȣ÷ɳеľ첢ûֱӽװꡣ
ܲҪԮֳػս󣡡һ߽ŵĺԮһΪԼϼӴס
ͨɲžǹ̶ֳȵս֮УǵģھУװֳս
ͻǹǽɵƻټ϶¥˵Ŀ¡
ڵȴԮĹУо÷ɳеľ춼ֻǽװΧס
ֱӺһװ˱ɳĵþ˿
죬˶վԭزҪһͻ׵ؾװ꣬дȵ
ؾǿ˾ǰȻһκε춯
ܹӵоǵʿҲʮһĿֲڣͨӦԵġ
İӦרŵĲҪľסʿ
װϮ˷װ꣬ҵͬ鷴ɱˣﻹҪΣɲþᣬæ͵
ؾæ汨棬һʱһ˽
ǿ˹λʿɵ𣿡˹¬ʿΪУֻ¬ǿʿܹ쵽
ڿ˹װ꣬ɨһۻ֪Ǵ鷳
ͻǹͻǹûסϵͳֻЩͿжϳЩװӾԲͨˡ
ҪɱЩװӣֳҲֻпǿʿ
ҵ֤ҲڰϹģֻȾ絽Ƭ̣¬ʿ˹ʾԼƣ˵
Ǹ¬ʿ˹ƺæǸ
뿪¬ʿתͷԿ˵
˹ֹûи˵ڣ¬ʿܹѾǷǳˡ
ܹһǿʿУݾԲ򵥡
˵ºҿѯʰ鷳˹Ҳֻˡ
¬壬Ͼ죬Ҳ֪˭ҪϮǣҡͷܾ
ǿʼֳŮ۱ȥҽԺǳ˷װ꣬ʼܾѶ
¬ʿվԶԷչ˵İȫ
˹ƣϵϢΪǲ豸⣬ֻһٵơ
Ϊ˹ӵϵͳ󣬿Ϣ̫ˡ
ΨһľֻнոոմӾۣ඼ǾܣȨ鿴
˹ַһҳһٴ̧ͷʱĿд𾴡
һҳϣȻдŻáηѫ¡
ʱѾ¼ľ¼ľ˵ˣ¼Ĺ̲ӣһװ߳װ꣬Ȼɱɹ
¼ľȻ¼ţԵĲš
鷳һȥһˣЩҪϣ˹˵
̬ϵı仯ʮԣҲ˭ڿηѫ¡ӵʱ̬ȡ
˹ҲǾˣʮסηѫ¡ھдʲô
˹ҪܳʱһҪȥòͣһʵ
ڿ˹׼شʱӷװСܳһɫľ죬˹˸ơ
ʲô֣˹˸Ǹɫߵһʵ
װߴžƣˣǾжԱС㱨
ж龹ȻڳнôжҲûͨ˹Сһɫѿ
漰˾ж飬漰ǿʿ漰ˡηѫ¡ߣеĸӿɲССľԸ㶨ġ
ӿֳĿ죬ǵʱ䲻ˣ˹
漰Ҫ֪ͨȾҪȥˡ
ߣҲҪ¼һϸϡ
ԲǲȥˣҪȴΪȥļǾˣ˹˵
˵ЩǾˣŵʵ
Ҫ֪ڵϵľУĶάٽǵǷĽôϮ
ǵģЩʹӵҪץ˹˵Ŀ⿴ʵ֪ΪҪץ𣿡
˹ô̽һ¾ĻܣھԱǰ˽һЩصˡ


21 ɻ
Ҳ֪ҲΪ˶⡣
ĻпҪ˵˽⣬ǶΪġ
һ˯ӢۣѾɾۣͬⱾӦ޹ϸôоץ
ȡƣάٽȥϢ˵
ֵ˽ʮӣʮ˱ɳЩһǿнӹֳ
ҲʶˣάٽѷУ
ѷУҲΪǷִߣ漰İְȨΧ
˵άٽյ˿Ϣ󣬾͸Źˡ
ȫװʿװΧרҵԱУһ߰άٽѷУߵ˿
˹ǽΪ»ܣرһ£ѷУ˹˵
ϣܹһͨ˹ûм£ͷ˵
˵仰ž˵һԣ鲢ûΪƽװĽܵˣ֪˶ʧ
ЩҪͳƣȫҪҾ
û뵽ôּˣѷУ˵
άٽ˿ԣĵĿδ֮£ǲֵܲеġ
Ҳû뵽ַʽң鲢ã˵
˭Ե޹ʵıץˣܹƽ͵ѷУ˵Ϊ֮ǰѷУ⡣
ҿ㱣֤ԲǵǷΪһᾡ࣡ѷУ֣ص˵
ֻ֪˭Ҫץң˵仰ʱĿ⿴һԵİάٽĻɾǰάٽ
Ϊ֮ǰ밢άٽ֮ЩģΪһûмķάٽǷǳ⡣
άٽЦҡҡͷͣ˭֪пֳʱ˳ж
ȻȻһ׷㹻ջ󣬵޷ðάٽǱίԱĴۡ
ڽѷУҪشʱдµĵݡ
ĵԱװԼװľѻһԱˡ
ͬʱѷУҲսµʶ
ְҵսѾ˳ʷ̨֣ڵľҲǸְ̾ҵսǿȴûнְҵսִǿԱȡ
ΪִǿߵĴʿְҵսűʵ𣬶εľӢСӵĶӳһλ弶ʿ
弶ʿʿ֮㲻ǿߣΪһ弶Ľ׶λֻʿĽ׶Ρ
Ҳֻʿȵģ弶ʿѾѹʿʵ
ҵطϢĵĻס֮УһͨĵѷУ֤
İûʬ£鷳
ʬ壬ƣֻҪ˭֧ӢСӳľͲˣŵȵļ¼УͿԲ鵽
ҿԱԼʲôʱ뿪ɲٻؾˣξǾץҡͷܾʵ
ھͿ뿪ˣ⼸첻Ҫ뿪ǣѷУ˸ơ
Ҫķɳȡ˵ͷתͷ˵
⼸컹һɣ¬ڣûܹ˺㣡Ҫ뿪˼æȰ˵
ллҪˣҾ⸽һϢ죡˵
Ҳ֪ǵѣڲ֪˭ҪԸ֮ǰֻԼ
ʵҲ뷨ٶͣǵͷΪȡ
ԭӦһͬò͵ļƻҲΪⳡϮƳˣƣҳ˵ͼָһǧ״бݣҲûнзɳֱ˹ȥ
Ҫһ׷ñȫ׵·ʳ䡣
ϵѪˣһصϴȫȻʹ׷ڵĹԣԼ
Ϊɳϵʱ̣ܶӿ˽⵽ʷǳԡ
ӳƤô˵ļͣսذ׼޷ӳ˺
²ǶӳӦþ¬ʿһʿֻԶû¬ʿǿ
ȻҲΪְҵսӾ֮ʧǶӳֻʿСĴڣͿѹְҵսԷٶҲѹĻô޷ֻƾսսʤԷ
ֵǣϼ鲻ʿصϢЩϢ㡣
ЩΣûзЩ£һò͵ĻܹӿǱߵõܶ


22 ԭ
ʱܿ͹ȥˣû뿪䣬ְҵսذһֱЯţԱʱӦͻ¼
ʱ䵹ǺֱܰѷУǰݷá
ѷУһ˹ģֱӽ⡣
ǸģѷУ˵
ҪĵǸֻ֪˭ΪʲôҪץңסѷУʵ
ҪǸԭûܲ鵽˭ָɵľӢսСӣѷУε˵
Ҳ˵ɳһ֧ӢսСӣȴ֪˭̫Ц˰ɣɫѿķʵ
ҵȨ޷飬ϷˣõĴֹ飬ɺͽ⣡ѷУε˵
ʵѷУǵһյ˼ľ棬µΪֹٵȥˡ
Ȼʧȥ˼䣬еϵҲ׵ġ
һλܱУ޷ˣҪôǾⲿţҪôǾĴС
԰άٽĵλ޷ýѷУȨġ
׼κͽ⣿ǿѹסеŭʵ
еŭɲԽѷУԽѷУϼҪ֪ɲǵӰһӾӢսСȫû
˵ǾӢսСĵˣǱɱ֮ûʲôԹھӢսСӶԣǾָɵ񣬾ӢսСִֻ
뵽鿴ϣǱսбѧԱǣƺκʱڣ˾Ĵڡ
еȨ⳥õ㣬ϣ㲻Ҫ׷ˣѷУһļ˹˵
õϵľ˰ɣӹļɨһۣȻ˵
ļ֮о½Э飬ǩֺͿԽˡ
ʵϲǩǩ֣޷׷ȥΪ飬˵ΪޣҪ׷Ҳ޴֡
һһ⣬Ҫٷˣǩֵҳ棬ͣŽѷУ˵
ֻҪְȨ֪ģҶʵش𣡡ѷУصĵ˵ͷ֤
ΪʲôҪץңʵ
Ҳɻ޳ֻһԼûмķԼǧĴ
ٶ꣬ȴȻǶʮ壡ѷУѹֻ˲˵
ѷУǩֵ½Э뿪ˣɫѿϡ
뵽˺ܶ࣬ΪΪƸôҲû뵽Ϊ
˵ʵ¼飬ΪغϣڵǷûбŵȵɨ趼ûκη֡
ͬ˼飬ȴܱ֤Էķʽڻ᲻֫о
˵ȷʵвΪ֪ܣ֮ÿչ̶ӿůܹʱͿԴ״ָ̬ս
̫ߣⳬĿѧôܲ˻ɡ
ЩزȥӦûȫЩ
ǲĹǣķڵĿǵĶǣʤǿǵģĹλãӦòεϮ
뵽ȡƣʼ϶ǰǵĴƱ
ǰǵĺ൹Ǻܶ࣬ѡĺ࣬һСʱͻῪ
ְҵսذװСϣСذ׵ǲֹЯҲû˭ڿ˷ɴһذ١
˵ְҵսذĳϣӦøǹŶˡ
ƷҲֻ࣬װһСȫߡ
Щõ㣬ݵķɳǰվ
Ҫٶ뿪ǣһоȫ
·ƷһֻСڣֻСñܹõԭģֻһƵźš
²֧֮ӢսСܹΪơ
һʱôܱӢսС׼ȷҵ
ɾУǲ׷ٹܣǼпܵġ
ŵһЩСѣ÷ɳ˾һ·ʱ仹ļԶһЩֻҪܹȫܹܵġ
֪û׷ĲԳɹˣ߽վʱûܵϮ
ƿ˷ɴǼήͷɴˣȡˢ˺뵽˷ɴڡ
գⲢΪܣΪ˼鷳
յЩڹ۲죬ټϿ˷ɴ϶յİȫӡ
ƱĿϢĸ֪ʱȫΧܵΣա
ϴεսУԼĸ֪˸̵֪ʱ֪۾Ϊɿ


23 Ϯ
ڵһյĵռ䣬ճ˿ͱ˴֮붼⡣
ʱѡǰſλãֻҪע⵽ҲͿˡ
뿪ݣûи֪κεļӣֱҲû˿ɴڣȴָоҪԸ
ָоǳûɣȴʮš
ŵһзְֽҵսذ״Сȴȡֲзڡ
ȫɣڷɵı£ȫͬĵɰ㣬ֻҪһͻ
ܹյģľӢʿ߰ļ۸ͨ޷
һ˻˽ĿɨգҲɨλá
ߵڵĿռֽҪһơ
յϤ̶ȣһɹҵӢ
ĸ֪ûзʲô֮ûио˶в
ʵеȷʵһλɹҵӢнˮġ
ΪҪ貢һݸнˮ֧ģΪһЩԭҪԼܣһЩְ
ӵһ񣬻ץĿꡣ
ĿУᵽĿָɱһӢսСӣû̫⡣
ָɱӢսСӶ˵ΪףֻǶ־Ϳ
ı꿪ļߣߵõ޷ܾ
ȻΪҪǣĿֻͨˣڵУֻҪʿģͨˡ
νܹѵľӢڵԣͨû
ЦſһΪĸ֪ڵĿ£ûκδ
˷ɴڿɣƽȵ̫գָԾ㺽š
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Ȼ²⵽Σգȴ޷֪ΣڣҪʱСġ
ľͨǿ󣬲˯ֻҪĿ񣬶ȹеʱ䲻⡣
յÿһ˶иԵգպСֿ˷ɴȴǼΪݳˡ
յĿ˿ڸԵĿռнϴ⣬˽Ҳܸߡ
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죬Ծ㣬⴦ԾϴغԾȫͬʮҷɴŶӵȴ
˷ɴĳɱҲΪ˸˷ɴͨԾӿٶȡ
һȿ˷ɴͲ̫󣬱ܹ֧Ծͨ⣬Ծշѿɲ٣رԿ˷ɴԡ
ʱ䣬ҲڻԼǲǶˡ
ûκ˵ֻ͵ʱŻԼĲš
˿ϣϵðȫȴռԾ
ȫϵú󲻾ãٴξ˿ռԾظо
߻ָ֮ʱһǰ
һҪȴԼ޷Ⲣǰȫԭ򣬰ȫֻ壬˫ͷԻ
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ǰȴֻ޷˼άȻ
ľ˵ΪʿĻǻͬ࣡˵
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ͨ޷ڿռԾѵģץסᣬĲţվǰơ
ҪڣѾһʬˡ
ļƻܼ򵥣ƣȻΪڣڿǵ̫ջҽƷɴߡ
˵Ӵ˾ǿѹ
ֻǸоͬɽ㱻ѹסľҲڶԷľѹ£ʼû
˯Ѿ˯˹ˣ˯ȥܾõ˯ȥˣиԼ
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ȫָŵְҵսذԼٶǰĵȥ
ʿ˽⼸Ϊ㣬֮ǰսսذ׺ܼѵĲƿʿķȴ޷̫˿ڡ
еְҵսذȻսذҪЩҲ˺һʿ
ѡ񹥻ǵ۾⻹ǵܽ£⴦ռ䱾Ͳ


24 
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óƣóǸΪԵľ﹥
ͻȻȷʵΣգΣվǿɿصģȻ޷빥ʱʱķӦľ﹥ȴԶٶȸ졣
Ϊֹľһѡɱ
ǻץʧֵʱ򣬵ʱȥһʬ壬಻Ҫ͡
ӳְҵսذ֮ʱһְҵսذҪʮӰ壬ӳְҵսذͣ˵ǰһǰƶ
ϧˣ˭Լúץסܻ˵
λãӰһϸϸ˿ڣǰص󱳣ִαɻ˵ԡ
ֻоʧҪλãܵƾġ
ʱλӿһůůŴǰϸϸ˿ӿȥ
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ƵԼսɲ౻̴ĵ˻з֮
˵ͨˣʿ࣬Ҳͬ޷ȥ
ڵôʬ֮ʱȴǶˣеְҵսذ״˵۾
ڿֶ֮ʱһӦһ£Ҳһסʧȥ˷Ļᡣ
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ְҵսذ׼ᴩ˵İԣҲоͷһʹ
ĵ£һѣһԵڡ
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αǽƣ̸ղŴ͸Ǵ͸α
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׼ΪڵķƥȴΪ˷
Ҫδʬˣⷽ屾ȥֻҪͻ᱾ӦĴá
ʱı仯Ҳֱ֪ǷȻãǰְҵսѵʵǷڻǸ⡣
ȻҲˣƼķչû̫ı仯װճˡ
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ԣÿԽУ⵹ǽ̵鷳
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25 
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˾飬¶˼֮ɫ


26 ؼ
˾鼫ΪϤΪÿһλһεˣ顣
޷ǰһУ˵ҲΪ
ǰһþ޴գӴɡǰĽĺܴһƬסˡ
ļУɴûйһ˵ûУǰκεطҲû˵ڡ
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ֻ֪Ӣ۹ΪҪסûиӦþʤķ
ԼƸ˷ɵķã˴
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ЩҪΪʿˣҲסڸıУȴÿϹ̶ʱ룬ƽʱǲġ
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ǰڣмȫװľվ
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˵ͷȡԼƣ豸ɨ
豸ϵĺƱΪɫڴĹԶʧ
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Զ׼Цķɵ˾ȴһԭԼǸЦ
΢ЦŻӦ˾۾ȴǴǰĽֵ
֮ǰڹǽʱעھǽ֮ϣʱŷ֣ǰĽֵǽĳȫֲͬ硣
ǰĳĴиֳһһģһĻ棬ҵĻ档
оʱ·죬·ߵǽڣиģȫϢӰ
ӿ˲ݸոջָĶԼҵļ䣬֪Լļ
һоǰ˰㣬ǽֵϲʱֵĴžǵʿҪΪصǰĽֵ
ûжʿİ취Ψһжʿİ취Ǵžǵһʿ
ڵֻ¬һλǵʿÿһξ룬ͻῴǵӰ
ƺʿľۼذ㣬ɿ˿գŷ֣Ȼ˵оڸǣȴǼأ赲¡
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ţһʧ⵹˵ڵװ޺ܲ෴ڼݻ
ϲüҾƷӣϾͿԿκһҾƷĲ
ڵݻ̶ȲûҪʧԴһİУĲþԲǰĲá
ЦҡҡͷԼ뷨ʵ
µĽΪĳԭܸı䣬ڵװ޾ʱ䣬Ͳ֪װٴˡ
ڼеƷҲ֪ڶǰûˡ
ǳãŸҵԼļңѾָһ䡣
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ӭ˻ؼңʱΪ񣡡һ¥֮ʱһ˵
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ʱ࣬˲ʱѾһݻشȵͣζҲ


27 
ˣ𣿡һòһʵ
Ҫ֣ʱã˻ش
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ˣܼʱΪ񣡡ܼһ˽µ֡
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֪뿪Լջطԭ
ιģҪסһжҪġ
ԤΪ˴ҲдҵʻõΪ11635õ㣬ÿɱΪһõ㣬עֵܼһ˻ش
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ǧĴԼǲǸѡ
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ԽԽ֣֮˽ǳ٣һЩʶԵ鶼֪
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֮Уͨյһǲ˻֣ӵֺӵгΪʿʸ񡣡˵￴ķǳ棬и֣ƺ˽⡣


28 ֪
Цˣҳͨ⣡򿨸Ц˵
ɲͨΪԭ򣬲Ż᲻˽Щ֪ʶġ
ʿյһֻλᣬλᶼ޷֣ôʧȥ˳Ϊʿʸֵĸʷǳͣһ˵Ҳˡ
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ˣҪ󲿷ԴʸãյʿϣЩǮˣÿեȡ淴ҡ
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Ҳˣ֮ڣȻûһɳ


29 
Ϊʲôûзɳʲô׶ʿ
ʿʿ˵֮Ҫߣ㷢ܹκεطָǰһٵӰ˵
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·ǲģһύһҪ̽Ϣ
ǵˣָǰԶ˵
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ŸǲĹΪܳߵһչˣչĸ档
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ҲûȥŮ죬ʮߺŷĸ
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Ůӹ䣬ɨһ¡
յѡ񻨷һЩõڲезãҲԴзãֻзãתյڷǰҪһЩʱۿѧƵѧƵѾ뵽УѧƵָηյŮ콫Ʒǰ
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ͨһЩϵ˽յӢ۹յ


30 ׼
֪յ֣һǲĹģĹһЩóֶΣѸ߼۴ӳյԭϵԭϣʹļյ
ڶֱӴڵյյƷʸһЩ
Ӣ۹ÿһʱṩյ߼յ¼࣬ԭϷ棬ϸ棬ǴżƵġ
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һսСӶӳӦþϵʿȻȼߣʿǿ޷ɱ
˵ڿ˷ɴǵӦһϵʿֲõǿȲߣȴܹôֲĹ빥ٶȡ
ϵԼǾϵԼϵְܹҵսսϣսü
սͬϵʿоԿѹһͷ
ǰְҵսѡǾܽĽѪĿ飬γһ׷ʽ
ûʿֵʱУְҵսǸıսĴڡ
رһսСս󣬷ʱ־˲սսְҵսв𣬸ϲ޴
Ϊʱ־ʿĲʹ־ϱѹˡ
Կ϶ֻҪսᱶ


31 ʼ
ûϵʿоͻȫƫϵʿ
ֲĴڣھ¬ǰĿ־塣
Ϊ¬ǰûΪеԭ򣬵Ҫǵսʽ޽ġ
Ṇ̀ٶȳĸ֪Ҫ֪ܹжӵģɶȴӦʱ䶼ޡ
̸Ƿƥ˵ʱûһȣɲʿ޷̵Ч
Ϊọ̃жԳΪϵʿżĿ
ǲؼ̣ǵվǰʧȥ˶ԼĿҲΪɵ
ôʲôҡҡͷе˼׿
ֶûɣЩΪʱˡ
˺Լƿ˽䡣
зŵΨһһֻƿȡ˳͸͸ƿԿƿڵɫҺ壬ɫŵ˸š
ƿеյʵ̫ˣǽһƬǺӷС
յһԣ˵ҵĿƹĻѡҰģʽ
ҶȻһܻΪһƬݵأԶǸɽˮǹڸ߿ա
ٲȻһҰ֮أ޷ԭӡ
ڿл̲е㣬΢紵
ǵҵȫϢͶӰȻҪﵽ˱ЧɲͨȫϢܹﵽġ
֮ڵסլԣһֱ䡣
ӹܼһ˴֪ҵãڽرҪ֮ʱȫϢӰǱҪģҲǷƵнġ
ڵҰװ߼ȫϢͶӰ豸ҲΪֶõġ
ſȡյ򿪺С
ɫҺڣˮζ˿˿⣬ľΪ֮һ
յܿȫ̼󣬾Ǳķÿһʼ˲
ֲķȲ󣬵Ƶʼ죬Ŀʧ̶̵ʮϢʱ䣬Ķͷϲ˺顣
ΪӵСηѫ¡Ȩֱӻһյûн
ʵҪյҪһġ
ҲйԱУרҵС
ȻǷй嶼ԶԶı׼
ĿǰĲֵĵһؿǵԴﵽֵȾ
Ҳ࣬ͬƵʵĲ
ʱ֮ϸֳͼƣһȫͬıദĴԡ
ദʱͻȻٶвһ
԰ٷ֮ٵĿ϶ڲûеÿչ̶ůʱ䡣
Ҫ֪Ϊܹɹ֣ദֲĳδ֪Ӱ죬رܿദ緢ʱ䡣
ңʱദ緢Ҳƽյůһɱ
δ֪Ԥı仯м䵣ԼǷܹ˳
ദȷʵޱãֻҪԼֹ̣дʳΪʿﻹҪðա
Ȼ֪ԼõյΣӿʱ̬ϵı仯ҲԲ²⵽Լõյ²ͨյ
£Ҳ޷ٸıʲôˣദѾֻĽ
ԣо괦ˬУҲʼнĲ
һֱû˯̨֮ϣһ
⵹ΪҪյĽţȻ޷˯ԭ֮һԲΪҪġ
ÿԿڵı
ҪǷܹΪʿǼģͨۿֵḶ́һЩֵĸ
ǴӼϢ˵ۿֵḶ́һֵĻʡ
Կȴ֡
ʼˣſȵͣ˵
ʱѾҹ֮еľĸɫâʹ֮û·Ҳһȡ
ĿϷӾĸڴһɫͶ뵽ڡ
ҹɫ˲ٵĹע֮רڳעġ
ֹעиָĿģϣֵ˳ɹġ
ѾյϢ߸ǻδֵͨˣҲ޷̫ӽıӰ쵽


32 ɹ
ûпɫ궼Ī״̬޷ˡ
ɫӾĸֱ˱ĲȫС
еļƵʵĲڼĹ֮УɫĽ룬ĸӾˡ
ʼǿʱ޷Եġ
ҲΪǰ뽫һ׼ԭڣûּʣֵĵһ޷ɡ
ȶȼоԼͬڻ¯ڣܻģ⣬ֱˮнĸо
ʱȽ棬ûرķӦ
ľȫֿһ㣬ı仯޷ﵽ֮УһķʽĳƵʲ֪š
ȻͨҪǿϲ٣óȻ壬ԻᱻĻ˺
žĸɫƽɢ
֪磬ɫķΧÿһβὫһֵɫ֮С
ھӵĲѾɫҲʼ԰
ƺǸоﵽ˼£鲼ڸƵʲ뾫ĸɫںϣĶ괦㼯š
Ķ괦һɫγɣ㼯ԽԽ࣬ҲԽԽ
ɫֱһ״С֮ʱѾĿɫڲͼơ
ĲȫֹͣҲڿٵĻָ
ûѣΪȻɢ⣬ֱֹӣƣо֮ʱ
֮ʱ˴ɫЩ㼯˫üλγһССֱֻһ״СԲԲͬһͼơ
ı仯Լܹģյ뾫ĸеġ
˫üλõԲȶ󣬾ĸµɫҲ֮ʧ
ʮߺűĦˣ¶Ľ֮ɫ
˵ֻҪĸɫ䳬ӣ֤ɹˡ
ɫʱԽԽܹ˵ֵԽá
ҲҪŬˣ޷ΪˣֵĹ̺󣬿˵
ʱı֣ԤʾΪʿǱ
ΪʿԺǺƽཻ֮ǰոսɵǵֻ꣬Ҫһʱͻĥƽ
ûѹûй˼괦˫üλóֵ֡
˫üλóԲ򣬳ɹϵֺĴһƬͬһ㱡ڵסļ䣬Ǳ紵ɢ㡣
ļӿĴ֮Уס
ںɴѹʱѯʹԼ˭
ǸʱֳУһһ
ڽܵȫʧļ֪Լ˭ˡ
֮૵Ŀ˵
ֲǲʹõһ硣
ԭһǵ֮ϣͨľϾ󲿷һͨͨ
Ҳûзʲôѣĳƽ˯ٴͱһ
ʱ֪ԼһƯ̫еڣ޷֪Ψһܹȹʱģԭյļ䡣
Ͳ²ԼӦԭǲͬһ磬ΪĿƼԶԶǡ
ļУѾﵽ̶̫ȣǲŸոڱϵ޵ֲ̽޴
԰ƵʱںϷյļ䣬ļǵļ̡
֮ж̫ճʱ䣬ӿůļġ
̫ܹܴ֮ĳ̶Ⱦӿů֤Ļ̫ƯУˡ
ķ֤ӿůÿһΡ
ʱ޷ʵ̫ˣķʽԴжӿůļʱ䡣
˵ķʽ̫׼ȷǴȷദֵļʱ䣬Ҳͨ緢жϳеʱѾȥİ֮á
ʱжϺܲϽҲѧѾΨһܹʱжϷ
֪ʱжǷʵʱһ£ھʱʱжѾΪıܡ


33 
Żָļ䣬رǹյļ䣬ͬȹ㡣
Ȼյļ䲢ǺõģЩ֮Уǰʮļ䣬ļ䶼ͬļ尾
ǰʮļУգһְҵսѧԱ֮ܵʱ̫ս֮еһҲһս
ҲⳡսΪ̫еƯ
ǳս˭˭ǣû⣬ȫںļ䣬Ҳûжǳսʲô
ְҵսͨˣƼĽװﵽ˼ˮƽ߿ƼװΪսװҪרҵľսװߵĸҪǳߣЩսװľ˾ְҵս
һսһͬɱս
սѧԺЩδҵѧԱǼʻսսεĶĲ
żӿǰٴγǳսĳǳս
648ҳ潢ͬ648ӴսǷȥսǵĶԱ£潢ԵüΪС
սΪǿ̫ӵŻ
սǿ֮ʱѾ־ⳡǼսβֻҪսǰһξ룬ĸǲ빥ΧôⳡսͻɷѾʤ
ʽְҵսȫͶ뵽սսѧԺеѧԱȫ̫գ
ְҵսѧԱְҵսûװְֻҵսսһְҵսذ׾ս
յʱĽͣǵҪְҵս
ʻų潢ĳ潢·һö潢ȵľ޴ըš
ɱʽӢѧԱЯֲը
˵ѧԱǵڻӢѧԱ
ӽսǣעսǵķͨѶеɫһ
˵սѧԺǶսѧԺ648ѧԱ֮Уܹӵְҵսֻ֮һҲٽҵһְҵսѧԱ
ְҵսѧԱѧϰûнлһսѧԺδһѧԱսȫǳ䵱ڻҡ
֪һ㣬ҲΪ˵ЩѧԱĽҪҵľӢѧԱҲֻһڻңֻȽϸ߼һЩѡ
潢ٶԶԶѧԺѧϰʱٶȣ˳潢٣Ϊһεĳ˳潢١
ĳ潢Ϊۣ˳Ѱٶȡ
ϵս΢ϽڳٶȲĿֲѹͬʱӴ˲ڵӦʹĴԸӻԾ
䣡
ڳ潢Ⱥ뵽սǵķΧʱսǵķʼ˹һĵùѧԱУΪ̫Ƭ
潢̫СҲܰװֻ֣ٶȡ
ΪְҵսѧԱ֮һע߶ȼУʻų潢ܹڹǰܿ
ָ֮£ܲףְܹҵսѧԺѧԱһѡһţپϵͳְҵսѵܹҲΪ档
ȻвЩѧԱԼһЩڵһսŵѧԱ
֪ܵıըÿһαըʹһͬѧ
սѧԺƽʱҪϸ񣬵ͬڿʮͣ˴֮仹Ǵֿġ
֪ʧȥ˶ѣҲûȥЩ潢ڲϵļ֮УҪɹ񣬾ͱڹսϵķȫԱ֮ǰó潢սǡ
潢Ľ˲Ĳ渺ɹصļ
ֻϣ潢ܹ֧סľ룬ǧҪͱϣǷѹ롣
ĳ潢⣬ּٶ£΢СӰͻٶȵĲ࣬ʹٶȵǰҳ潢潢Ⱥĺ󷽡
λҰУսǵķΪϵĽ潢򱬡
г潢ɹͻ뵽սǵڣҲĵķˡ
սֵĽ֤ͱƽˣֻƽֻ֤ܶʱʹã֮ͻᱻսǷ޸ģһֱδʹù
γ潢սǣ̾ǽֵ֤ûһƿսǵ־һ޷ɵ
ǰһҴо޴ըĳ潢УԽԽܼĻ£ӢְҵսѧԱķӦٶҲܿ
ֱӳ˾޴ըըĻ֮Уܹܵ潢Ǵĸ¡


34 ս
ʱҲ潢潢Ѿ뵽սǵĽֻ¹ԣҲ㹻ݳ潢ˡ
¶ѧԱҲûʲôֻ
ڲݳ潢ԤλʱɵɨһԼսսϲѧԱľζʽְҵսξΣٳսʱ䷢ġ
սѧԱٶְҵսξΣӢѧԱְҵսξΡ
α׷ȴҲο塣
սǵɹֶЩѧԱĿԹսǵ˽ⲻ٣˹սǵĺܶ鱨
ྫӢѧԱĹĹĿһ⴦ǳС潢ֻǿдУһʧ󣬷ͻɻ
潢ײڱһαװ֮ϣ鱨󣬼״̬µĳ潢սǱװײ潢˲仯ΪƬ
鱨ȷģαװ飬潢뵽֮С
ʱͨѶƵ֮һƬ֪ѧԱȫ䣬źŵá
ϣǺһ֣һȥ޻صѧԱǱűľĶģԳ潢սǶսͬĶԱȡ
Яž޴ըľӢѧԱ潢޴ըڹսǵĹؼλñըҲ޷˺
һֱߣʱĴԴڼרע״̬潢нš
ûȥεϮѾڹ滮ŲͶ
ڹ648ְҵսоһЩвһȺѧԱɵĿЦӣ޷κεΣա
սǣʮսжôĿֲԶССĳ潢˺ġ
ڹ˼֮ʱ̶ĦûиκεķӦʱ䣬ڵİ칫Ҿͱһҳ潢ˡ
ʵҲֱ֪˹İ칫ңд֮ʱ鱨Щ֮ò˸ĵľ
޷ʻų潢սǵڲģ޴ը״ݻٹսǡ
ѡһλãսڲλãȻ޴ըܽΣѾܹļˡ
ֻҲû뵽ѡλãȻǹλڡ
ֲĳȻս潢ڲװõĻ壬ȫദѣѡ
֪ûʲôãǿսڵ˷ҩע䣬ڶʱڲΪϵʹʧȥʶ
ۿԼľ޴ըըͬھ
ͻȻ˫۵ɴ󣬳潢ͣڳ潢ǰһ˱ס˰塣
ͨˣʱѾһʬˣȴƺûܵƣҪƿϵĳ潢
˹ϵľΣŽǣ˹ݡ
ɵķЦЦǳơ˷ܡ
ԭΪҪʧܵ񣬾Ȼʱַʽɣ˵Լִ֮ʱûŻŻȥ
ܹλѾһȥʲôֵõġ
ҲЦе˼ͬûԼᱻ
潢С͵˷Ⲣζų潢С潢С̫սԵġ
սǵϵͳó潢Լ·ľ޴ըû˿ļȫѹ˹ϡ
Σչͷ޷ѹڹϵĳ潢Ȼ˻ζ
ûеģݳ潢ͬھ֮ʱͼ˾޴ըԱװá
ʱҲ˳潢·ľ޴ըһйǱ֮֡
Ҫ֪ȻûڸղſֲĳϵҲǼصġ
ǿܹҲ޷ƶǰĳ潢ó潢ζѾļˡ
뵽ԼıۿɹǰȴһССѧԱó潢ˡ
ԺʷμΪЦ
뵽Ŀ⿴˼ʻλϵûһ˿£ԽҪٵЦļŵѧԱ
ȷʵûе뺦£ûй648սѧԺѧԱûЩѧԱװѧԱ
һλǽѾԼͬھоʵֵ̫ˡ
ֻҪ뵽һ㣬оͳ˷֮⣬ڽʱԤϵˡ


35 
һеʧܣһеķŭľǰѧԱϣѧԱŬڿɹϣ󣬽ķ顣
ҵģһǧٱĻ㣬Ҳôɵȥü³һ仰
һ֣о֮ϴһ޷ֿľϵİȫϣ岻Ĵӳ潢Ļзɳ
Ī£ɵ˹ǰ
һƬΪ֪ϣְҵսǿĵսҲûλְҵսܹӵ޷
ĶҲʹԼȫסĲţܵشǿʹҲЩ޷ܣʱѾȫںˡ
ĺ޳ԼӣҪƻļƻѧԱ޷Ĵۡ
ô׵ȥ
㣬꽫޾ĥֱõɢ㣡õͳ䡣
Źķͼг֣֮Ʈһû뵽ڡ
ʧȥ֮󣬹һӱò˼ʮ꣬һλ˱˴ӵߡ
ӵһԣһŴ򿪣巭ڣѾС
ſ˫ۣʧȥԴȪ˺ɫ
˵޷ƶ壬ֻоոٷɳԼٶ˹սǣ̫ա
䵽֮䣬ΪڽμʱҲܹͬʹࡣ
֮İʱտԶģʽȴûܹߣСи㣬㣬ǱͶ㣬û뺮㣬ϵıֻĥš
ҪЩǣǼƣһůָ֮һЩڼů֮ȫָ
ĥʹ룬ʹÿնͬڵ֮С
ĵ˰ʱ䡣
׹жôĿֲҲ˹ĺжôء
ȻҲΪһл縴ڵ״̬ǻš
֪ԼΪܹӵôǿսںļ󣬻ְҵսս
һͨˣûںս±ɴ³Ҳٴ
ԺҾͽԶΪһܰɣĬȻ
ڲǣݣҲΣ֮Уٱ¶һܣԺǴ粽ˡ
뵽ܣ²⼫ǹԭ
ǰļйƮĺɫԼ֮һӲ˺ܶ࣬˵ദ켫Ǵӹתƹġ
˵ദǰĵĥ󣬸ֻкôûκƻ
Ҫ֪Ǳֳ˳Ӧദйء
֪ǣĹǰʹ˻õΪЧ־ãﵼǰڡ
ԹΪҪɵʱڱĻټ̹ǵĺ⣬ùʹǿ䡣
˫Եģһĥǰ꣬ʹǰԼ仺ٶȣΪʹķʽһȴҪǰš
Թձʽǰ岻
˺Ĺ̽壬䲻˺µ꣬Ϊǰꡣ
仹ڼͨÿյůǰǰ屣ԣҲܹ̫Ưԭ
ſ۾ްãһ˼䲻Լ˭Ҫδѡ
ԭڻָ˼󣬾ԱԲĹҳϣǰСܵĽġ
ɲͬǣǸƽ磬ԲĹûνҳ϶ȡ
Ҫ˵ԲĹһЩ飬ǰӰ죬ЩӰ첢ͬǰһΪĹһУ
ѡʧʱѡһҪӵбԼĿֻΪȥ


36 
ڽ˼ʱŹע
Ȼƺ˼˲õı仯Ķ괦ϵ֣üĴǾϵ֡
Ҳ˵ʹյһӵϵʿ뾫ϵʿ֮·
֮ǰڲ²ԼΪһϵʿû뵽ͬʱӵϵ֡
ΪǽѧƵȷ˵ˣĹʷϻûгֹ˫ϵ뾫ϵʿ
в²ǲദͻȻþϵ֡
֪һϵ֣Լ˵
ϵ鷳Ѿˣٶ鷳ûнҪԵĵ͵һЩ
ҪȷԺԹ֣һҸķա
ӡУǿϵʿλ¬ʿһƥǣ֮ڣͬһЩžǵʿ
ȻԸ߽ϵʿ˽⣬кܴǿϵʿӵһҰޡ
˵ϵʿʮһֻǷоҰͿжǷΪϵʿ
ϵʿĿǰֻɱֵԿ϶ʿͨ˵Ĳ𲻴ʹþϵʿݸء
ڣϵʿǾϵʿҪԴ
ֻΪĳһϵ֣ȫһϵԼʧȥȡӦԴǾԲġ
ȱ¶ϵ֣֮˵ɣһ
¶˾ʼעԼ֡
뵽괦ϵ֣͸֪ռƯŵ΢С㣬Ƶᵽ
ָоǳϵ֣֪ܵĿռлִδ˵
鲼ÿһ䣬ֻЩطܼһЩЩطϡ
߼Ӣ۹µľǿ̡
û֮ǰ޷֪鲼
ȻԸ֪ȴ֪ô
ⲻżֻҪս֮ϱȻõϵӦġ
ϵִջأ֮ʧȥ˶ĸӦ
עüλõľϵ֣ûи֪⾫ϵΨһþ졣
ףǾϵʿľ
ľ֮ʱֻһס
ųһͷü⣬þƶϧ֮㣬ͷûһ˿á
ھɨͷ֮ʱûиоεҡҡͷԼľʵ̫Сˡ
һֱϳṆ̀СĵĽ̷ԼüĴ
ɿ֮ʱ̾ƤƯüĴ
ٴעϵ֮Уһһ׵ľ̡
뾫Ӵ΢΢Ĳһ¡
ԼþȻܹƶʵ壬м˷ܣ֮һǿҵƣ֮С
ϵ֮ʱĵ˴ᾫϵʱľľ޴ֽ֮μ䡣
֮ǰ鼤֮£ܹ֧ţԼ΢ľȥƶʵ壬ûгɹĻԾɹġ
Ǽһ־ԾżΪǿҵĸӦԲŻ΢ľӦ
ֻһ¾ľľ޴Ժľ͵ڵϻ˯˹ȥ
ڶϣ߳ʱͿ˼վڸڵĴǰ֪Щ˶ڵȴ
ҡҡͷĳǺ˯򲻿ܵʱûж
⵹ǿ⣬Ҳɹ֣ͬἤ˯ž
Լȭͷȡյӡ
УԤԼõģ˳ȡԼյ
Ȼõյ߼Ӣ۹Ʒ֣ҲĲĹгƷģյ
ǳʧܹһεʣǲõƷʵյġ
Сıյأſʱķǰȴûм٣˼λ
һ㶣ǻû𴲣
ǲõʲô⣬ĳ⣬ļ˻һʱʾġ
֪뷨ʮҪʱ̣Ҳûʱȥ
ʵȷʵǳ⣬ʱڵУ˵ңʹùܼһ޷˽״


37 ָ
ǼϵģһÿһλϵʿӴ֮ʱͻܵӦľ档
֣Ǹ߽оҲǼޡ
ҲֻжԾûһ˿˽ˣŻóȻĶԼľԼľܵˡ
Ȼһո˾ϵֵˣҲ޷ľ
ʵþȥƶ̣ľҲһӿݽߡ
ڵϣ˯һҹҲûѡ
ҪڵңӦѾҽԺյʹþ֮»ΪоԱ¿⡣
ֱʱദһůദӿȥ
εԼڣɹսǷ̫ա
μ䶼봥֪ΪȴС
Զעҩ֮Уȴѡ
ܵ˿ֲĥУȴΪ״̬еûС
һ޷ݵʹ࣬ҽѧ϶ʹһʮķּôʹʮʹҪʹʮ
оԼΣɾ޷ѹ
ʱ֪ԼڼȵΣ֮УھܵˣȻԡ
״̬òΣ⡣
ξиܵʹʵܴʵܣһ˯֮УҪʹУѹˡ
о֮ʱһůΧʹмٽͣתˬС
Ȼ۾Լ˯ڵҵĵ棬ͬʱȻƯڿеļ̣ӿͷ
ʱô᲻֪Լһ£Ҫദ춨ʱͳ֪ᷢʲô¡
õ̵ĽѵԸԼûѧϰӦ֪ʶ֮ǰ᳢δյ
Լϵȫˮʪˣµĵ涼һ̲ˮ
ŽעüĵľϵϣɲǳʹþֻҪ֪Լľǲ
ŵϵֽ⣬˳ջغðʧĴûصĺ
֪ǣһ㾫ܴʿҪָҪĴ֮
ÿһܹƾҩۣҴʱмС
ܴ˯һȬǸ漣
ʱо˼˿ʱ䣬ʱѾˣϵһʳﶼûгԣڼľ޴ȻǼ貹ʳˡ
򿪵ҵĺشţĹܼһˡ
ܼң׼ͣһЩһ߷Ըܼһˣһԡҡ
ܼһԭ׼֪֮£ȻΪһ
ڲԣò֮ʱܼһ˲Ž˰ݷ֮¸֪
˿ܼһ˴İݷϢֻ֮пλʶõѣЩǰݷõһʶ
ЩһִӼСʱǰ͵ݹ˰ݷ룬һֱȵڣҪǲġ
ȻɻЩΪҪݷҲܹ֮ĶͨˣʲôҲҪЩ˼һ֪
ܼң뼸λȥϾ͵Ըܼһ˺󣬾ͼӿò͵ٶȡ
ʱѾװŮڵ
ڿʱŮͬʱ΢Цվ˿ûΪʱĵȴʲôԹԡ
ҴԻ͵زɹ֣ǵĺԼһ뺯֮еһȽһֻڲ輸˵
ҴױΪʿױΪ׼ĺͬʱһ뺯һŮӸ˺һֻ˵
Ҳ׼õ£Ҳᵽе뺯
һû뵽Լո֣δϱ֪ˡ
ҲʶЩҵôϺ뺯ʲô
ֻе뺯ǷڵģûеһߣҪ뺯ĻҪ
λҵûбҪˣǻջذɣɲںʲôΪ㶫ʲô鷳¡
ƴǣǷǵ룬ǶΪʿףأֻҪ֮ʱ࿼һǣЦ˵
û˻е˼֮ʱ˸ǡ
˵ȴ˺ܾãȴֻϺʹҴ뿪


38 
ΪˣλźĿ뿪òҲӦſڡ
ͱˣת׼뿪֮ʱеľĸһɫ
˶ͣ˶ɫķ
׼ˣ˿ɫ˵
һɫйҲΪԼ߸֣˾֪ԭˡ
ٿǰɫĿǿסı
ǿ֣ҲǣǿյӣԿյУһȥյ
ʱòѾǷյϣܹɹ
ҪˣֽҪɹˣһһ߿ʱһ˵
֣Ժ˻࣬ü۸񶼻һ˸̾
10987321ʮʱ˸ʱ
Щ˶ֵǷǳϤģ˵һ󣬾Ϳ϶Ѿɹ֡
ڵʱʮ룬ǵɫΪɢҵɫɢ
ĬȡԵƣͨԵѯʮ˺űϢ
һӺ϶¶֮ɫתͷٴǣȻ첽뿪
ϧˣȻǵ˼ˣ
ѽò׳ĵʿȴȥ룡
ûʲôϧģʿǱޣлȥҲֻû̫Ͷʼֵ
Լ֮
Ȼ˵һԼļ䣬ѽڣ֪Ϣֻ˻е˼Ҳ֪ĵ˼岢򵥡
ص輸ϵֻ
˵ʵǷǳν뺯ʲôΪβֱóǲַʽ
ȡһֻ򿪺¶Ʒ
ֻ֮͸ƿԼһĲӣֻ͸ƿӹۿÿһֻƿ϶Ӧơ
ͼ̱ϴͼָӦʿйصҩ
ƿҩһԣǱӡ
ǻԻ͵زҵļ飬Ȼһе䣬ַһҳȴһòڵŮϡ
¶Ź֮ɫΪ˻ַʽ뺯ֱӽе򿪡
Ҳ֪ǵ򿪣ʱĳһǷǳεġ
˵߼ҵҪͬҲνֻҪԸ߼ҵκһңԵõӦͶʡ
ִֻеĺͬģЩĳĬ
ǼеŮϣ۽磬ЩŮÿһλǷ׿˵ҲΪ
ûжģΪİŮȥͶδ֪رž޴鷳
߱Ӹ˹ܼһ˴߷ݺ
һУ׼ˣҪǰǼǴϱɹ֮£֮ӦҲҪѯ
ٴδţѾ߳Ŀ
˶һۣ¶Цݡ
ףֳɹЦ˵
ҲҪף㣬ҸղſǿɹֵģҲЦŻص
⻹Ҫл㣬ֵҺû뵽Ҳʱ󣬽˵
˵ʵĸоտֵḶ́оԼҪʧˡ
ºεĳɹҲǼ֮¡
Ҫֵ֪ʱʮ룬ʮʱ֮ϵ֡
ۿ˳ɹֺ󣬻һֵĸʡ
ԿϵĸлɹǰѾʿ֮·
ȥʵ
׼ȥϱֳɹ֮£أشʵ
ͬȥЦ˵ҿûôоⲻոֺ󣬾ֻϴϵվæҪȥϱˣ
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ˣǰЩ𣿡һһʵ
͸ղżˣҲû
ûдӦʲôɣЩ˺ˣæʵ
ûУֻ˵񡣡ЦŻشֽһ䣺뺯
뺯ֲɣЦ˵


39 
Ժʲôƻɫʵ
ûʲôƻֻȵǼõ󣬾֮кúֻ̯̯ش
㿼ǹʲô𣿡ɨһۣ׷ʵ
ΪѣԲûжüϵȥ
ͨ߸Ҫĳ˵ܿûʲô
Ȼ󲢲ĳ߸޷鵽Ĵ
ͨദ֪ʿ˽⼫٣иǴҲ̫˼
߸ѡĶЩûбᵥģͶʿĺôܶࡣ
ʵʱɫ߷ӣô
ѵܶ𣿡вκεʵ
ʿǶԾͿԽеģĹгҪָ⣬ҪԴԴ󶼿ڸС
ĿǰĹʿҪΪһǱ˴֮Ի
ξˣڶС㼯ɵ
ʿᣬΪ⣬ΪǴʿڲǵķֲ
ҪΪǿʿѡһ˵ЩС͵ҵʲôģֳǱûǲҪѡֻ㡣ϸĽ͵
ĬˣſĽܡ
ͬʱзǳл˿ѣôϢ
׼ĸЩʵ
ҵļ˹ϵ׼ʿᣡûκԥĻش
ΪʲôЩʵ
ļȻ˹ϵһԻøչˣΪҪʿ᣿
ʿҿ磬֪ԼǱһ޷ﵽ̫ߵĳɾͣˣһӶ޷뿪ĹʿᣬֻҪҾͿǰ˫۷Ź˵
Ҳʿᣡ
Ϊѡ񣬶ǾصĿǡ
ųһ뻢ڣԼ뵽δ֪ĵС
ڲ临ӣҲʱδ֪ĵˡ
ʿᣬտ˵Ǵʿķֲô˵ܲĹƺС
ԺǾͿһˣϲ
˵ĿĵأһٽС¥ļУǰһ֪ƷƷεꡣ
֮ڴʿ𣬼̼֮ڿ̣ҲֻС¥ǽûб仯ڲרҵİ칫
λ˸սװĹԱ˹˸
Ҳûֹ֣ٷĵطԶɨƶݽг֤
˵סլ϶УټϾĸĵص㣬˵֮ĹٷԱ֪˵²֡
Ա˶¥Ϊһš
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ǵƸңطŮûκηϻֱӷԸ
뿨ԵƵ˹ȥڰ칫ϡ
ǿطŮȡһ򿨸ʵ
ʻͬʱطŮ۾һɫɫֻ˲ͻָˡ
ϵ֣֣ĸ̫ֲܹףԺҪŬطŮûȿشͼ˵
˵ͬʱƷ豸ϣһĻ֣ڹĻϲ˼£ͽӸ˿
ӹƣ˲֮ɫ
ȻҲ֪ԼǱãֻȴǳʧ
Ҫ֪ʮƣԵúܲˡ
طŮȡƣһһ߿ǵɫٴγ֡
һɲطŮԼľϵ֣ǻܶ鷳ġ
طŮĿɨĸͽеɫرգķʽ۾˵һֳɵ
Ȼؼ۾ĸɣطŮǲһ˷뷨
ֻҪϵ֣㹻ˣѵһϵֲɣ
Ҳԭ˱ֵ鷳
ϵ֣߷֣ģΪβֶҪУƫսֵͣƷʻܹһЩطŮ˵


40 
طŮǷŭģһλܹ߷ֵĺӣȴ֮ǰĲӰ쵽ֵ
ǲԭµĴ󣬶ڲĹԣƷֵʿֵߣÿһƷܹﵽʿ߶ȶͬ
طŮУֿп޵ʿ
ڵǷܺΪĹʿŴס
ͬǸ߽ʿӣֵӵġ
Ҳ֪ǰҪرĶҵھѵģԸܵطŮŭæ͵
Ҳϵֺĸ֪ˣȻطŮصķǳãȻǹ¹죬ܹ֪еĲͬ
طŮڹĻϷһ£Ϣеĸݣڿηѫ¡֮ʱɫ
ĿҲЩͬˣܹáηѫ¡սӢۣ˵ΪĹĹס
˵߷֣ҹǱְ֮˷ֵҲ΢Ц˵
˵ѾڹĻϲϽƻ
ʮʿǣһƼԺĵ·ɺܶ࣡ʿЦ˵
һǿڡηѫ¡ԭһ߷ȷʵкܲǱõٽʮһϣΪµĸ߽ʿû⡣
˲ţʿϣ֮УΪ
ллʿһῼǵģõֱֲܾͬ⣬ʵҲǾܾ˼ˡ
㲻ҪΪ˶ڵ˫ۣЩŵƸλȵȵΪʿ֮ʱͻᷢЩƸλֵһᡣʿȰ˵
ܹ֪ʿģԭ򣬽Ҳһõ¡
ûҳҪץǰ򽻵ҪСĽ˵ˡ
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ʿĿһû뵽ĸࡣ
һλġηѫ¡ߣȴûнκε뿪˾ӣеԭѰζˡ
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Ըģ㲻ԸҲûйϵʵʿԶٲʿ֮£
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Ȼǹۿֻǹǰʮ㣬ϣǲҪ⴫ݲĹӢ۹Э飬һ˽⴫ĹôܵĹԼӢ۹ͨʿ΢Ц˵
ʿĻϵıܵģ˰ʿֶûˡ
ʮʿҲֻš
뿨ʿǣ߳λԱſڵȴǡ
λǷڹۿӢ۹Աоʵ
ھȥɣһ˵ͷԹԱ˵
Աһ¥һְΧš
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һ˵ȫûŹǰ˲Ĺͬ룬˵˼
Ķ֮ǰҪĶ߷й©Ӣ۹ݡ
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ЩԼûѧϰӢ۹ԣǷЧ
ĵǶģ֮оԼľǰӵͼ˸ӦӵͼƷɳûĴԡ
Īģ֪Υԣô꽫ܵĳΪ˶ɥ
Ŀһ۸ӵͼƣĪͼƳ˿ѧ֪ѧԤѧľͷѧ
ŸͼƵʧǰһܣ֮鶼޷壬ֻġ
ӢӢڤ뷨ҲȨ޷ˡ
ҪȡӢָӴӢ֮ʱⱾӿ˰ɫâо֪ʶС
Ƭ̣ӢӿİɫâʧĴ֮ѾˡӢǰʮ


41 
ִķʽʮֵ棬Ҫ֪ǰӢһƪдƵҪȫסҪܳʱıвܹ
ĲĹƼչʮֲƽӴĺܶණɴȵȣǰûʲô̫Ĳ
֮ǰĿռԾ㣬ִ֪ʶķʽԶĹӦпƼķ롣
ջ˼ҲûȥоӢĿһӢڤ뷨֮ϡ
ԭΪҵգû뵽ֱӰڷţѹ鿴
ʵҲֻܹһԿϵ뾫ϵһԵĿֻʿֻܿз͵
ҴͨʵϴĹֻն˵Ĺܡ
⴦Ҵǵһ֤֤ĹƵϢǷӵв鿴Ӣ۹Ȩޡ
֤ͨĶ߾ӵ˾ĸ֮ϣͨĸӽ뵽Ӣ۹ŵͼݡ
ĸҲĶߵݽ֤ǵڶ֤֤ܹͨӦĶȨޡ
ӵϵ뾫ϵ֣ʽĶĸΪʽȨޡ
ָӢڤ뷨ٴһɫâӿĴԽƪݡ
ڲ֪˶ʱ䣬Ǳȿѧϰ˾ϵֱ˳ͼݡ
ʱҲ˳ͼݣһЦ
Ҵȥʿᱨ߳󣬿˵
˵ͷĳǳȵҪʿᣬΪһʿ
һ·˶ûô˵˴˶ڱ߲߱鿴е
еġӢ̫ףǰ㵹̫ӣȫǲǿ塣
оУȫԸݡӢֱӽ
ǡӢ߼ϵڼʶˣ˳Ĭ̾˵
ǰʵ
ôܣҶʿ˽ҲֻһЩϣڡӢ£֪ΪʲôеʿҪ⡶Ӣ𣿡߱Цʵ
Ҽǵ˵ҪָԴͷش
˰աӢϵֱָôò˼ͳԲˣ߼ΪģҪԴ󡣡ε˵
һ£Եġ
Ӣڤ뷨һ׷ʵ
Ͳ֪ˣĹľϵʿ࣬ʶʿûоϵʿҡͷ˵
˱˵ߣѾһǰǰǲݣſҵӻ˲Ĺʿᡣ
壡սʿᣬߵһ΢ǰеЦ˵
СӣڳʿѾͨϵֱӽ빫ᣡй΢ȴһѱס˿صĴſĺ˵
壬ҽҲʿᣡЩʹѿӵܵ
ʿĽҪһЩ̫ĻҾûа취ˣԥĿ¶˱Ǹɫ˵
ĹϵԽԼֶʿֻᣬϸʿҲûôӡ
壬ֿ߷֣ȫģԼѵ̬˵
߷֣΢¶֮ɫÿʿﵽ߷ֵĿǼ٣ʱ궼û߷ϵֳ֡
ʿԣ߷ѾżǱˡ
ʿʹ飬õô
ЩҴȥԺǾһˣк
Թ̬ת䣬ûʲôУֻ뿨н飬ԸԸΪΧɵľͿǵȻ˳ֶΪܾĻֻ˵˹
鷳ˣл
ⴱɲǿ壬ڵ¡
Ϊ֮ĽıòҪøĿռ䣬ֻ·չˡ
ݣָ˵ʮ㣬Ҳһ㡣
Խʿ֪ԽϡԹ²ԽϵĲԽҪĺɫЦ͵


42 
£ֶˣôһλع¿Źʵ
ع£ֶӿϽ빫׼عµ˼ЦŻش
λˢһ£ҸǰǼǣع·˵
ڿϢʱع»΢΢ҡҡͷִſҲֻǳΪĹ£ʿ
ع¿ϢʱϺܿ¶Цݡ
ȻǹģôҾͰ֣㹫ĶʮǱҵĹȡع΢ЦŶ˵
һߵĹ֪Ǽع½£ʵ߷֣ټϰʿļۣʿᣬԵõĸ
ع£Ǳʲô׾ѯʣװɲķ
ǱǴͨûңʿṺκƷҪʹǱ㣬һõɻȡһǱңȻֻǹٷĶһۣһû˻ǱһȡõģǱֻͨȡع´Ľ͵
˵ͷˣҲ˵ǧõ㣬ʿвûжٰ
Ҳˣʿ͵˼ֵǧõ㡣
½ʿԻһλʿµָҲ½ʿ빫ĸ֮һϣܹʽţع¼˵
ع£ŵʦѾˣʿһʱڿǣȴȥʿǷܹһͬ£еĻŵʦЦŲԵ
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عʱѾд˶ʮǱңһʿֲᷢڡ
ʿ޷֤ʲô֮ǰʿǷһ飬ʱ䣬ʱʹӦˣ˻صݣ͵
׵ģͷ
ʮǱҵĹȣһҪѡЩ޷õ㹺Ʒǧѡˣ˷Ǳңæѵ
⵹ģҷһõ㹺ʿƷбҪߵǱҪעʹãһ֮ټڣ㶼Ǳ롣
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ڿǷǳֵ֧ġ
ãһοǰ֮ʵ岢֧֣һ£ֻóԱһ֡
һβɺ󣬾˵˸óԱʺܲǵڶγɹҲֵ֣Ǳޡ
ƽһӣСҪȥʶķ羰Ϊʿʵ;Լõ͵͵֮
֮ûȥˣΪȥ֮ȻܵԼ
ãԺʵˣȻÿĵλӶڼӺùЩ
ûԼĺӣһֱԼĺӣǰȥʿҪÿϵӽܡ
֪뷨ǳȷĸܵˡ
Ŀǰûа취𿨸ֻܽлС
㣬һЩǱһ㣬мȣźš
514ǰŽȻֵȴ
Źһʱ䣬ű򿪡
ŵ˿ȥʮ꣬Ƥ𪣬òãȻȻĴһ׺
ʿˣ˵
£ǽɣʿֹ΢Ц˵
򿨸˵ͷʾ˸ϡ
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˵סլ޷ȣ֮ԣܹӵסҲǷǳˡ
𿴿ҲסͬסլڣʵԿеõ㣬Ҫþססլ֮УǸܵġ
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£ǿѵУִһλ½ʿˣʿһָۣŹʿЦ˵
֪ʿţ߷֣Ҿһˣ΢ЦŻص
ܹһյģһΪʿǷһ飬һҲǴҲǴ
һ棬ʿǷǳ˵һˣƽʱʮºͣʿмԵ


43 ʦ
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ҵĽѧʽܼ򵥣һᶨָǣȻŬŬ޹أֻţʿ˵
浼ʦǻŬģӦ
ҵʦǻǽҰʿǲʦϵָǹĴͳʿ˿ĳƺ
Щ֪룬ҲĳʿûнǳΪӣֻ
֮ǰǽķ࣬ԷΪˮľֵһԣҲиԵ
ĹӢ۹ṩ⣬ʮλǰʿڴгģҲΨһͨǷǱһõʿƷ
ȻʮǰЩϲʮޣѡȥϸǺãʿڲдĵ£Բοһ¡ʿ˵
ͷʮֵĲʣûа취ǱޣԼҲס
ʮһżǲܶȹģʷϴûֵֿʮⲢͨŬԴĶͿԴﵽġ
ʿһΪ̧ͷŰʿʵ
ܺãʱԼףƼؾһż򵥵ֻеʮһʼ⹦ޱѣرʺ㣡ʿش
Ҿѡؾˣҧ¶˾ĵ
ؾֵǱңǷţʮڻϾͿˣͬĹ⴫Υܹͨʿͷ˵
ʿ֪Ӣһʱѯʵ
ѵõĹҲĿǰΨһ֪ĹⲻֻѯӢ֮£ͨʿĻشжһӢڤ뷨
Ӣʿϴһ˿Цݵ˵һľϵʮ⹦һЩӢܹʹսΪ־ãⲿΪԴ޴󣬲ʮǰ޷õľϵڹϵӡ
ʲô׷ʵ
ľӢʿϵЦŨش
˵һ̧Ҵܳһƥͨ崿ڵľǣھǵıĸš
ۼ־ǶٴΣܵĸ֪ΣգһּȿֲĴڡ
вĹƷʳֵʿѡӢΪӢʮһʱͿӵԼս飬⼸ͬһսʿ԰˵
ʵѡĹʿҲ취Ȱ˵ģκһλŵʦ¡
Ϊζ̶ʱ䣬ĹʿͿڴ֮лķˮΪ߼ǿ
˵ӢӢ۹ľִģ߼߼ڴڶĲǶԣЧԶ
ѡӢʿ֮Ҳʲôõѡ򰢶ʿ˵
ؾԼȿţв׵ĵȻңʿתͷԿԸ
ѾǷġؾǰʮݣʿķԸĴˡؾʼо
ָ㡶ӢĵһƤʿԸΪ˵
ƤϵĵһͨռеƤǿܹƤΪͣʹͨƤ
Ƥ޷ȫڣ֮޷С
ԼļΪǿǻǰļļûڵ̶ֳȡ
ʿֻ˵һΣͿԼա
һ߿еġؾɲ֮ǰġӢֱӿͨͿԼģҲûļֱʿӢĵһɣҲûнؾĵһ
⵹ֿܹؾ˵֣صƵȫҪԣôϢûʱ䣬ͨ˶޷ġ
ϵ֣Ǿϵ֣Ҳֻˡ


44 
ƿͼ̱ſʼһƤҾߣʲôһָģʿִһԵĹȡһֻƿӵݸ˵
ӹƿӣյ߷ݺеͼ̱һװ
һεԴǽѧһ֣Ժÿ㶼ҪԤȷһƿͼ̱úʹϴϴƤЩԴҪԼ
ӢÿֻһΣһʱ䣬Ҫõͼָ޸ÿεͼָҪͣõͼָʮ죬ͼָõ̫ƵЧΪ½
Ҫ㹻ĵͼ̱ϴͼָЩǿõ㹺ģõ㲻ͿڹнȡһЩõ񡣡ڽѧϣʿǷǳĵģϸܵ
ʿ֪ˣ˵ͷӦ
Ȼ֪Щҩÿƿõ㣬оԼǧõǲۺ
Ӣ̫ԴˣǸոտʼÿҪƿҩ
ġؾûô鷳һƿͼ̱ϴܹ֧죡ʿҲΪ͵
вû˸ˣԴ٣˵ϵĲࡣ
ͼ̱Уһɵζ룬ܿ컯Ϊһȼȫ
Ȼֻĸоͼ̱ȫڣɸƤҪ㿪ʼ˵һεƤ
ʿĿ󣬺ƤĳҲվڿмչȫһ׼Ķ
ϵֹͨſռеһϺϣײƤ֮ϡ
ÿһײƤоʹִʹĳš
ÿһδʹڵἰʱʹ޲Ƥϵˡ
ʿиָģв΢΢ס
ǵһɶ׼
Ǹ֪ڲûĺۼҪΪǲǰˡ
ʿ߷ֵŲ٣ƽյĽÿһλܹﵽʮϵʿ߷ֵּš
ȴܹڵһУȫûһţĳȫĽ⣬֮С
ʿ⣬֮ǰ˵Ž̵ĵʦ뿪ʽ¡
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һ½ʿҪµѵӶʿ˽֮ʸͽʿҲԿ½ʿ˫ѡ
ʿЦЦ׼ټ۲½˳ɫı֣
֪ʿ˿̵뷨ȫƤ֮С
Ƥϵʹްη壬аĥȣʹء
Ϊע̼ƤԵıƤ׽ˡ
ڶײͬһƤʱԵʹмһЩʹм£ĸ֪һ˿Ƥ֮ϣõĵͼ̱һͬƤ
ʱ䣬ǰչ
֪˶ãоϵֱֺȥϵִ˺
ǡӢᵽޣҪ
ɲԼϵʿðգĽ˵һƤ
ſ۾֮ʱʿһ˫Ŀ⣬Լһ˫ĽĿⶼͶϡ
ʮ˷ӵʱĳǱԺ飬ʱһԳʮӣѾְ˷ֵĳɼˡʿ΢΢ͷ˵
뵽ָղŵĺ²ʱйء
ֵƷʱֱӵĹϵÿһƷ⣬ʱʮӣҪСʮӣջ֮ȫ
ҲҪȻﵽְ˷ֵƷʣҼĺܶŷʮƷֵʿȻĺԶʿ˵
ȻΪԼѾ͵Ʒʶ쳣뷨ȱ˵ƷʲΣͨϵŬֲ
˵ˣоϵ֣ʿ޷󼰵ġ
һƿϴȥϴƤʿȡһƿϴָָԸ
ӹϴ䣬ʿĿ˿ϡ
㿴ŵĲ𣿡ʿʵ


45 Ч
ĬȻĵ˵ͷҲΪμֻǽһԭ򣬳Ͷÿһ֣ҪļĴƸ
ڶʧܵĻʷǳ󣬾ǳɹˣֵƷҲǼ븶Ĵǲƽģóһλᣬ˵ܹüһλǱߵʿ
ȻһóԼõ㣬ûжüƸ
ġؾֵƷʣҲʮӵʱ
ô˵Ǵ㣬ֻ֪࣬иеŬܹôһϣʿ˵
ʿߣûչ˿ӡ
УˮԡȫȻϴƤϡ
ͿĨȫϴƤӴ󣬾ܵƤɢ
ȻֻһѾԼƤĲֲͬͬӱǿġ
ָӴЩײƤʱƤĸоǶһ˿ļ͸С
оԼҲһ㣬½ʿԣ΢޷֪ǽְܹҵսѵģƿشﵽ˱̬ĳ̶ȡ
һϵ֮ʱͷˡ
뵽һϮʱľжĶӳǷ˵ֲķ׵Ϊξеذ׶޷ʲô˺
ʿǰְҵսѵȫԵȵǿʽ
ְҵսֻǽļޣе߳ԽޣĳԽ޶ȵġ
ʿһʼǳԽļޡ
ԼȥӣϴͱƤȫգٴԡ壬´·߳䡣
оôʿϻָЦʵ
ʿҸоԼƤҲǿһ㡣ʵʵ˵
ĸоǳÿεļޣӳΪʿʼͳԽͨķ룡ʿ΢Цŵͷ˵
ԳԽͨ仰ĸдļУǰڳΪְҵսѧԱ֮ʱѾһɾ͡
ڵҪľܹԱΪ꣬ǧõĲƸҵطûûˡ
ʿɲ֪룬ڿδĻֳرɫΪĳȡ
ۿȴһļ֮ǰԱѹֵҲ˺ܶࡣ
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⵱Ȼе½ʿеĸŵʦӵȨ
ʿҲ󿨸ּӵܣرйµİǲסڼġ
飬ҪΪ
֮УӾۣеõҲޣϣеõܹȫ֮С
ʿѾԼĵӣֳ˳һĹġ
ʿҵڻнһ£ҾͲҪ鷳ˣæʾ
ʿ˵ͷĿ⿴
ʿһסլ֮ڣĿǰסԼסլУҲŽ͵
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֮ķ䲢Ƕõ⣬޴ӹ⡣
ĸ߽ʿҪ֮оסҪôס߼۵סլҪôסʿṩĵ׷֮С
㣬ܽɻǻЩӰ졣
ðʿȥססլҲԸ⽫õסլ档
Ҫ֪߽ʿõԴӰ󣬱𿴰ʿ׬Ķ࣬ҲͬǾ޴ġ
ǵģЩҲסլļֵԶ
ʱ䣬ͽѧصסլУʡҹóص鷳ʿ
ʿҲסȥͷţ뵽ʿҪܣЩⲻȥ
ʿȷʵĶˣΪ߽ʿ֮⣬Ҫʲôסլ԰쵽ֻҪͻ
ǿԲӦͬ׼Ϊӵģסڵӵסլָӣⲻ֮
ãҾͰȥлһЩͼԴøǵˣʿҲռıˣЦ˵
˽ĽӽôҲӲˣ˾Ҳߡ


46 
ʿ뿪Բѡ
ĽӵôƷʵ֣ҲûԼ˵
飬Ϊ˵˼
ʵҸĽ㣡ҡͷ˵
Ļÿһ㶣¶֮ɫΪƭ
ģʵԼ룬Ѿڳɹ·ϣ㲻ҪȣҲΪǿʿЦ˵
ҲǣҲһֱ׷ġ
Ҫȥʶδ֪
ڳΪʿʿᣬȷʵѾĻҪľǳΪʿʿлһĵλ
ллˣĽᣬϵĸл
ѣôģЦĿļ˵
Աˣôûػص
㣬ȥһָָ֭Զ˵
Цָ֮ΪƷʲһʧ
صʱѾǰʱ֣ܼһ׼ͣͺͽԼ˵ҡ
ܵϢЩ࣬Ҫһ¡
ȡԼƣǰһĻĻ鷿еĹԡ
вĹʿֲϵʾ˹ڲҳ棬ʹ֤ͨС
ͨڲվ㣬йԱͨȡ񣬹ƷȵȲ
ЩĿǰܹȡҳ档
廨ţҩݣɿʯפصȵȣҲԼܹ񣬶弶ʿٸߵƺˡ
Ҳ߽˵ͽʿġ
ϸϸЩΪЩҪʿɡ
ҩݣЩҩݶǼΪҩݣҲֻܹҩݲܹϳɳʿҩ
õĵͼ̱еԭϾҩݣֻͼҩʹõҩݷ١
翪ɿʯҲˣһĻûǿʸ޷棬һҲҪܹ֪ҳڿʯе̺Ŀʯ
ܵ˵ʿᣬֻҪԼڷһЩ׬ȡԴܹġ
Ȼһᵢ
ʱûнȡĴ㣬ĿǰոĽ񣬹Ҳͬ⡣
㿪ƷչʾҳϷǡͼ̱ϴԼͼָ
ĿǰҩԲĹõģͼ̱һƿ10õ㣬ϴһƿ15õ㣬ͼָһƿ30õ㡣
ʱ֪߼ĺֵһʮõ㣬յ˽ӽİõĺ
ȻҲԿʿôķõ㣬Ҫ֪ͼ̱롮ϴÿնĵģͼָҪһЩҲվҪһƿ
Ҳ˵һΪͼʿÿĲӽһǧõ㣬⻹ûм֮֧
ҡҡͷҪ׬ȡƸˣȥǧõҲ޷֧Ŷá
˵̶߳ʱĵԴͲܹͨõ㹺򣬶ֻͨǱ֧
뵽Ǳң뿴ԼǱܹʲô
ʮǱܹĶ࣬һƿǿҪǱңϸ鿴֣ǿֻ֣Ҫһ֣־ͻʧЧҲһõҩ
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ǿΪĵͼʿ׼ģֻҪῼǳǿ
ȻҪм߽ǿҲڵܹǵġ
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໹мҩû׼֣֪Щҩ᲻õҩͻûϤʿ֪ʶǰѡ
ʮǱΨһһһѱʽ
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ʽʮͨˡʽó
εҡҡͷڶûд洢ѡʽ޷ʹá
弶ʿ޷ʹáʽաӢϵֻʿܹڴ
ҳϣͼ̱ϴԼͼָûпǴ湺Ǽǵù´ӦԴԴӹµ


47 ѯ
µӦñȹ۵ļ۸ҪһЩ
˵ʿչҲΪһֵԴеʱȽź㡣
뵽һЦԭΪԼ²뿨ļȣҲǮˡ
ڿЩԴļֵҲòϸĹӡ
ĻȡԼٿȥ̲סֹЩʲô
ʱ䣬ڰʿеһѾȥСʱжԼϵ֣Ŀǰٶȣһңžܹȫָ
һʱ䣬ԼϵȫָҪʮСʱָٶȣҪȴһͿԽ´ˡ
ȻǰôÿܹΣ޷ʱȫࡣ
϶Ҫй̶ʱܰʿָµŽ̵У޷뻯ķʽˡ
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¿˹Ļʿڲ
ϵΪؼʺ˲ٵϢ
һҲΪŵһƪ£γΪϵʿ
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ڿƪºɫŹ
֪ԼΪϵ֣ദ죬޷ӵоϵˡ
ԭҪΪϵʿǰҪעԼʲҪ̫ߣʸߵһ̶ʱͻϵ֡
ͨ뾫ϵصϢ֪ܶྫϵʿص֪ʶ
ϵʿڳΪ߽ʿǰսͼϵʿͨ˲ûʲô⣬ȴѿͨеľǿߣϵʿʱ͸Ϊˡ
ͨеľǿ߼亱ϵʿڲϵ֮УûоϵʿԣҲͨҪǿܶ࣬ȫֿܹסͼϵʿľ񹥻
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뵽ڿ˷ɴҪɱĵǾǾϵʿԷӦòǸ߽׾ϵʿҲ޷ӶԷľѡ
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ܿϧûдʿҵڡӢڤ뷨ĵá
ҲǣӢڤ뷨ǲĹϸƵȻӢ۹ͬ⿪ŸĹоϵʿȴǾģֹй©ݡ
лҰʿһ¹ھϵ£֪˼ǴоճΪϵʿݼ̵뷨
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һæϵ֣ȴǳԾķԭҪһȫָϵ֣ȴůȫָˡ


48 
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˲ɾתϲһķ֡
նʮСʱϵеȫָദ죬ȫÿΡ
Ŀǰʮ˷ӵʱ²簢ʿԤԺʱÿϵҲӵһʮӵʱ
ʱκμʱҪ࣬ӵиĳɳٶȡ
뵽Ҳûгɣ˷һʱ䣬Ӻлõĵͼ̱ϴ˳ҡ
ȹͼ̱еڶйʿָЧϵõ
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ʹжȹʱ⣬оֵֹͣε
鿴һƣʱﵽ˰ʮһӣ˰ʿԤϡ
ʵǰʿǰʿֵжϣ׼ȷġ
⵹˵ʿĹ۲д׼ȷĹ۲ֵȼദ죬ÿ緢ůĹУϵֲһá
Ŀǰûз㣬ֻҪһʱȻͻֵġ
ڻڴŶʮСʱ׼
һ磬ڿ״̬û˼¡
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ҪǷָڵĿ
ʿѡ˶¥һͷƷȫµģҲ鷳ˡ
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ڹ֮УһʿΪʿÿ¶ԼԴҲҪԴԴ
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˷һʱ䣬ʮСʱͽһ
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ʿĺڿסլֻڷľǡ
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ʿҲҪиԵĹ񣬲ʿҲ޷֧ŵ𳤾õ衣
ŵʿûдͨľǻһױͷϻһѹסͷñӡ
βǾжһ˽жһ޷ܾһ޷ܾĴۡ
ŵʿʮżѾȹʮʱ䣬ʮнʿʮһǸ߽ʿսϻӦĴϣ֮
нʿڲĹͨʿʮһʼĸ߽ʿڲĹмӡ
ŵʿжĴۣоһн׾ҩ
κһݴоҩ˵ԴӢ۹н׾ҩһֿ԰ͻнʿƿҩ
ҩֻṩӦرͻʿǸͻнʿ


49 
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˵ߵʵҲߣСǱ֮£ΪԼĸֶ֪ԷҲҪȶԷ˶¥
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ʵĲܹ࣬ģ˸֪Σգ޷֪κ
Ψһģúûڵ˽뷿˲䣬ԵҪ
ҪҲʵ֤ģǾʿ˫ۡ
ֵܹ֮ˣ뿨ǰֵͨ⣬󲿷ֶʿ
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ǣи߽ʿڣǸ壿ͷŵʿɫѿ
ִǰŵʿӲһ򵥵ָˣ˾ӵľܼ¼޷鿴⣬ֻһöηѫ¡ǹġ
ŵʿ֪ʮ궼ûСηѫ¡䷢ҲֻһЩܵжӣŻܰ䷢ѫ¡
ϿӦþһӣηѫ¡ΪĹףɾŵȸ䷢ġ
Ӳʲô߽ʿʲôϵ
ŵʿ˵޷͸ʿᣬ֪һλ߽ʿΪŵʦ֪λŵʦססլ֮С
ʱŽգ⻹ŵʿԼϵģӶץû뵽ʧȥ·
ȻҲ֪ԾǣҲ޷ǵٶǼΪֲġ
λ߽ʿЩᣬǵ̸̸ŵʿһ߷žڷ磬һߴ˵
¥ݴʿӰ֣ʱûƽʱºͣϷ·Ѫһ㣬ͬԵĶħ
ŵʿʿ֮ʱɺͷһ£ϳ˰ʿݡ
ʮһİʿڸ߽ʿ⣬иΪɵݡ


50 
ʶҵģʵ־ܣ֮ϮʿĳԱҪʿŭ𣡡ʿԼɱŵʿ˵
ȻֻһĲ࣬ŵʿ밢ʿ֮ʵȴǼ
ʿǿġӢʮһʱ¶
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ʮϵʿʣҲ޷̺ʮһ˿ڱպϣѪ˳˿ӿ
ŵʿӦʱڹؼʱ˿Ѿشˡ
ŵʿֻţڿʿ֪ѡ
μӹ֪ܶʱʱҪôֻε˽񣬾ǲӦеĴ
ֲҹĿֲй©һصϢҪļеݶᱻǣ
˵ʿץסйŵʿûƹֶʵ̫ˣ䵽ʿУŵʿԼ˵ܡ
ʿͻȻܵʮʿϢټһڷӰԭģһ£ŵʿԡ
ŵʿʱĿɢڱֱ顣
ʿҪɱʵ̫ˡ
ʿ˫΢УŵʿʮʿȻɱˣ˵ŵʿҪܵ飬ŵʿΪ˸
ʿǰסլס뿨⣬û֪ˡ
ʿʲôͨϵ˵Ҳñ֪Լס⴦סլС
ҪҲ޷ˣһʿҪʿר˹
·Ĵ佻̸ӶݵĹУ֪ʿռ˾Եơ
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ʮʿһרְʿͨʿûɱʿ˵
ʮʿһ
ǰʮʿûжٵĸҲΪʿ֪ʮʿжǿ
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Ҫ˴۾İ취ͽͣʵľ޴࣬ǼɾͿֲġ
ҵЩ棬ʲôֵɳʮʿԸ㣿ʿЦ˵
һҪʲô͡
˵ʵȴô
ЩΪԼйڹľȫǾˣӦҪץҲܱ˷֡
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Ҳ֪ԭⲻǵһϮˣΪ֮ͻðȫˣ˭֪Է׷֮򣡡εĿЦ˵
ҲʲôܣĴ棬̫ܣи˵ĻԵζԷڽ쵽֮쵽ʿᣬʿɲưոݵģ
ģ֮ǰȫģⲻҸı֤ʿᣬǲĹȫʿı֤ܶԷǺǶ֮κζʿ˵
һɣʿ˵ǳͬʱҲֳһ֧̬ȣʮְġ
ʱʿ򿪴š
棬ҲûҺȾƣУ߽һ߳ľ޺
ھ޺󻹸Ʒʿǵʿ
ڿ޺ĵһۣ͸оǿҵѹȣ޺ûоǸ棬ܹжϳ޺ʵǲȰʿ
Ϊھ޺£ڷƶȥ
˵ǶԱЩʣСʵҲֶֻͨԱжʵ
»û뵽ˣ鴦꣬ҵطȸʿ΢Ц˵
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Ҳϡˣ֮Ҳʿҷ£޺»ʿʱʬԣ˵
ûж֣ɲó֮£Ȼһרҵʿ


51 
»ʿЩŤ壬ղŵĴʱ̣ܶȴܵ˲Сƻ
汻ŵʿȻں֮שƻ谭ɳ輸Ҳû⡣
ʮʿĳ֮£ͨƷΪƷ
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»ʿ
˵֮ǰܹϮ˵һ»ʿֹסļ˵
𿴰»ʿݴ˼ȴϸ壬ܹΪʿִӶӳɲսŶжȡ
ܹϮһαһرжϮˣڶڿ˷ɴ֮ϣɱҪɱңûϮ˵˳
ͨϮʿҳ
һֱ׷Ҳʤ
ֻǧǧշĵ
˵ɳսһαһǿҪ´ΣǸ߽ʿˡ
Ǻǣ֪˭ˣ»ʿЦ˵
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ڶϣĽӵ˿ƵͨѶ롣
ԴϴڵǷֿûΪľϵ޷ο
ƵͨĹĻϣ˿Ӱ
ЩغŻᵽǣһڲǶ죬ʱҪǷҵĲˣƵеĿսһӢˬӣ΢Ц˵
ƺЩķֱ𣬲ûӰ쵽Ĺϵ㣬ƺĲ
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ڲδļΪͻȻͬ籩ģһ߼ɨ¡
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ʿĵȻϮŵʿݡ
»ʿɲȥܾ˭´ֲǾ죬ֻҪ֪ǾôΥ֮ĽĵǾ顣
ʮİ»ʿʮһİʿرǰʿݣþҲͷʹѡ
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жֻҪȨ㹻ߣͿ֪´漰Ա֣ΪЩͨ´ܵŵȵļء
ƽŵȲעЩ߲㿪ֱ´ȫ޷ӹ顣
ҪƽϢʿŭͬʱ߲ҲԾڲϮһληѫ¡֮¸о˼ȵķŭ
һ¶ȥһ޴ĳš
֪ǣⳡҲֻǶֽţûϲ㡣


52 ʵ
ϿƵͨѶ飬ĿǰԱ޷ҪľǼӿԼս
ܹΪ߽ʿôκҪԸȥ
ϵָֻ¡ͼ̱ʼ˵ĵһƤ
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ٴνһƿͼ̱УһοʼƤ
ҩķӦûг֣ҩķӦ֣Ҫ۲졣
һεʱȴǱȸղŵʱ˶ʮ롣
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һЩ⣬հʿ֪ʶʿʱǸʿƷʱ仯ġ
ͬһʱʿʱεı仯ΪζʿƷڲϱ仯š
֣ǵһ޷ķʱһЩ
ڵڶʱӦûϴﵽʱĳ̬֮ҲֻһĲֶ࣬ʮЩýˡ
ҲǺ£ʱֻٶӡ
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ԺҪõɲ٣Ĵ˵ÿ¶еͼԴ棬ſһݵͼԴΪԴ
ǷǳȤģֻû뵽˾Ӻ󣬾ȻԵõ
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Ҳ͹ֵͼҩͼָʱҪˣʿ͸ʮƿͼָһµ
˶ʮݡͼ̱ʮݡϴҲֻʮյ衣
뵽һ⣬˵ߵļ۸ҪһЩǲܽʵҪԴȫڹﹺ
ĵһ򣬹ƹ¶ҪǲڵԴˡ
Ҳ֪ÿ֮£˵ÿ֮»ûȷҪδȻ


53 
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Ҫ֪ʿҪ֮ɲףҪǰ룬Ҫڹ涨ʱڽ֮
ΪʿȻҪ鷳֮ĵûзչռ䣬¾ͳѡҲ˵½ͨ
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˼⣬мû֮
Щ֮һƬû˿Ϥĵطˡ
˼֮ʱɳŵ潵¡
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ڿǵĽλãһ׺ļֵҲǲơ
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ͬʿҲʹͨ֫ͨ֫޷ʿװȻأٻΪұһսϲ͵
жȻһϲʿɲƱôİȫ
ϲҪæϲ˵Ļתͷ˵ʿ񣬵ӵһս֮Ȼ֪ģ
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ҺϲʼղһЩ˺󣬾˽Ӧ̡ϲԺ˵
ÿһΪ˽ԼղأΪʱ
ϲп˺нʿ𣿡ĿɨȥȻƷֺܶ࣬һ㣬ʵ
ʵչǰѾƿڣ֮ʱûκμõͻԵķչ
رʿĳ֣뵽֮Уõܵӡ
Զսڵսսʿ֮սͨ˺ٶȡӦȳԽͨ˵ʿ
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ս뾫ƷղңʹסˣھƷղҵһ࣬ȫɫĸףһְ̨ҵսס


54 
ְҵսְҵսҪװǰĲǱսУǰսѧԱûװְҵսס
һҪԭǵʱΪЩѧԱִе񲢲ҪְҵսףְҵսҲѧԱװ
ʱǰְܹҵսףײϹʱԼͲشԹʱ˵л
￴ְҵսףвƽ
ǳսڱҵ֮ͻӵһְ̨ҵսס
ϹŶҷ˲ٵŸģϲרעְҵսףЦ˵
ϲְ̨ҵսʲôۣǿѹסеļʵ
ղ𣿡ϲû˵۸񣬶Ƿʵ
ְҵս׿ɲͨ޷ʹãһԵĹȰ˵
˵ͨ׬棬ҲһʱûõĶ
Ǳǰ;ǹֻҪɵӶӵΪ׬ȡºǺޡ
׼ְ̨ҵս׷סլУϮĻͿбĻᣡĻش
ϲЦЦЦЦ󿴵ɫƽֹͣЦŵ٩˼˵ֻҪְ̨ܹҵս׶Ҿͽ͸㣡
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ְ̨ҵս׾ϲûа취˵ƽǰü⣬ҪְҵսҲ֮¡
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ְҵսǰĴְҵս׵ۡ
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ܶѧԱΪ޷ﵽҪ˵ģҪ֪ЩѧԱһѡţټרҵѵп޷ƿְҵսףɴ˿ɼְҵս׵ƿжѡ
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ǰְҵսı־һɨɨ壬ŵְҵսξλ±ɨ赽
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ϢȻʵģϢȫһ¡
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ǰһرǿľְҵսѧԱѡ֮һһȴҪѧϰ֮вϵﵽһ޺ְܹ֪ҵսѧԱǷʳΪְҵս
̤һȻ꣬ٿְҵս׵ıܲûİ̫֮еĲظˡ
̤һ֮ʱϲ˫۵ɴŵĿǰְҵսס
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ְҵս׵Ķӵľȣְҵս˸շ


55 
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˼սͽְҵսֹͣ˳ְҵսס
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˵͸͸㣬ϲڹ֮дһԾŶģ㸶õĻǲģϲĻ˵
ϲѵô󷽣°ɣһЦ˵
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ְͬҵսףϲҲ¶Цݣ£˫Ĺϵ˲٣ٲֻ̼ͨҵĹϵ
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仰ˣղϮҪܹԸʿ²⡣
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Ҿöϲ԰һԹְҵս׵𵴵ͷ˵
ְҵս𵴵ϲüܿ˵еһѣõҰ
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·Σսḻôῴǹ
ʿÿȥϰǽ
֪ǴӾ۵ģȻеǹ֧ʿܹǹ֧ţǹ֧Ͳ˺ˣʿ˵
֪ģǹֻΪ𵽾ʾãһϮǹĶ˵ע⣡ûйͣҲ֪ʿǶá
㱻Ϯ֮£᷽˾ѹӾǱߴϢ鵽нһ޷ٲȥˣ֮򲻻ʲô鷳֮ҪСһЩҪľǿЩԼʵʿ˵
ǱߵϢȻǾʽϢǰʿ˽˹ϵ
ʽϢѾϮ࣬صԱ·ͥ
ʿҲΣùʩѹܹﵽĳ̶ѾǼˡ
ʿ˺򵥿ʩѹ޷Ļ߼ľ١
Ҫ֪ϲϽκһλϽմȨĴУҪǿɲס
ʿЩʲôּĴжŲš
鷳ˣл
ûʲô鷳̸ʿһԱȻܵıӻʿЦ˵
밢ʿĽ̸鲢á
֮ǰ֪нٽڲ飬Ϊ鷳Ѿˣ֪鷳ûг׽
ԭ²Ҫץ˼һǳߣҲû뵽ﵽϽһ
ӵžеļ䣬꣬еϽȨҲǿġ
ʿȷʵǿǿ󵽿ԸʩѹܹԼģֻӵиǿʵ
ԼʵְҵսǲģҪðճӢڤ뷨
ѾȲ̽Ӣڤ뷨ϸĵãĿǰҵϢӢڤ뷨ʲҪ


56 
漰ΣϮ䱳ֹӴԲѡðͨӢڤ뷨Լʵ
֮ȿǡӢڤ뷨ΪǼϵֻ̣Ҫܹụ̈һ̶ӵԱ
ڵУصĴŹرգҲõİʿʲô쳣
֮ǰлšӢڤ뷨ݡ
ǿӢڤ뷨Ҫԭ򣬻ദ죬ΪദӵŲ˼ãľ˺
ദΪϣӢڤ뷨ΣսԽܵĳ̶ȣŻƻǰӢڤ뷨
Ӣڤ뷨ĵһ㣬ǶԼľھϵڲһӵ֡
ǹž֣ȻǲʶģҲҪʶֻҪмĸʹþھϵڲ
ϥڵϣſ˼룬ȫ˫ü֮ľϵ֡
һǷǳѵģͨϵֽ⣬ѣҪԼľϵ֣ͶԾĿ˸ѵҪ
Ӣڤ뷨ĵһҪͨϵĳԣÿγԹľͨҩָоõ
ȫһžֻھϵڲҲͳΪ˾ϵһʿ
Ӣڤ뷨ǿȵҪǳߣǰӢ۹νڵĹʱͬʱҩϵʿӢڤ뷨ҩ٣Ҳһֱ
ʵѡ¶ϵ֣ϵ֣ǿȣпܵõҩ
֪Щ֪ԼӢڤ뷨ѶȽж
֪޾壬ڲ֪֮£ʼ˵һεľϵ
Ȼ˵ϵҪرĳ׵ྫϵҲҪҩϵģЩ֪ͬ
ⲻܹЩϵĵûἰΪеľϵбܵҪ
ǼӦ֯ǲܵõӦľϵС
Ծϵĵ֮УǴָϸڷй
Ѿľڵûнľ޴
ľڳˣȡǿȡ
꣬ڽ뵽ǰʱǰܵѾ䣬껯ΪƬ
ǰƬں
ټ̫֮Ưİʱ䣬İûȴΪõĴȻȻĵõһǿ
ǿԶԶͨˣҲΪɾϵ֮ʱͿԽԭڡ
ԣûλϵʿڸոᾫϵʱܹԼľġ
߼ľϵӢڤ뷨ĵһ㣬ûҪ߽⣬ֻڿơ
̽뾫ϵ֮ʱľӦһռ䡣
⴦ռ޷˵Сڸ֪оϵڲͬûб߽㣬ֻľܹ̽ķΧС
ǿǿȣ뾫ϵֲûʲôѡ
ʼžھϵڲƳžʱŸոյһʻ͸оϴһʧ
ϴԼոɵľȥǿƶϵ̡
ºܵ˺ڲû޷صĺ
׼ջԼľ֮ʱէ֣ͼ֣ܹԼ࣬ͻᷢϵͼ롶Ӣڤ뷨뾫ϵֵĹžźܴơ
Ӣڤ뷨ʱƺǼദ㡣
Ӣڤ뷨ദԶϵֻÿչ̶ӿů
ϵĹžĴԷһɹžγɵߣ߽ദ뾫ϵһ
˳Źžγɵ߽뵽ϵڲоʧֹסĳϵĲԼľ
ԭҪͣ͵ıʻҲ˳֪ʲôܵĸо˷ôõĻᡣ
žֵһʻƳദҲͨ߳ϵĲġ


57 һ
Ӣڤ뷨ĵһžּ临ӣദ֪ҪòܹһžֻƳɹ
ڹžһʻ֮ʱžַ貵ĹâϵڲһƬ
ҲͬʱΪ뾫ϵֵϵоԼֱͻȻ˰㡣
ɲ֪ԼʲôֻһΡӢڤ뷨ͽΪһϵʿϵٶȻҪ졣
ӵ¸ʧתΪһĸо
Щŵſ۾ǾϵڲǱĹž֣ԼѾһϵʿˡ
ͨϵһεľ˰ײΪ̡
þӣȻȻܹԼڵ
ֻľӦ£˸ŲͬĹâ
ͬʱҲüľϵֵǹŹֵϸСͼɵ˳ϸСͼɵҵһͷࡣ
һһֱҪԼʲô
ʲôܹ̫ʱ䣬ȻĶʮ״̬
Ͳ²⵽Ѿ˵Ƕ䣬һӹڷڡ
ǺӦþе죬ɹ֮ǰĳҲйء
ǰҲҪ֪еʲôеĹɨ豸޷ܹ֪
ľܹӣҲ˲鿴Ŀܡ
ľ쵽ദ࣬࣬ڲľ֪һֻľʵıӡ
ôҲû뵽еھȻһֻľʱӡ
ֻľʱӿżͨһľͷͿڲ
ľʱӵĴҲǳأ䴦ڣȴǴһռ㡣
Ҫ֪ľʱȻСҲһСľʱʵôռĿռ䡣
ʵľʱӾ֮Уಢûܵ˿Ӱ졣
ľ̽ľʱӣȴ̽˸գȻľʱӣҪľʱӽӴȴ޷
ͬľʱİ㣬ֻھĸ֪ȴûʵڡ
Ҳûʧ֪еʲôѾһδĽ
ֻҪԼľǿһܹӴеľʱӣܹƿľʱӡ
ľʱȻİСЩľʱġ
Ȼ޷Ӵľʱӣͨ۲֮£֪ľʱдС뱭ɫҺ塣
ϧôԣľʱеɫҺľʱӱһͬ޷Ӵ
һľʱӣ˭оľʱҲǵһ֮УѾʱˡ
Ȼ޷ӴľʱӣҲ޷оȥջء
СϵƤȡ˼̣ϴóȻƶܴѾʽΪһϵʿҪԼʹü̻١
աӢڤ뷨һֻҪھϵڲµһöž֣һϸһϵʿ
̷ǰε÷üĴ׵ľ쳤ȣֻҪͿʹþӴ
ǰþӴһʵʸɣһϲ
ʹþƶ̣̻ƶһ㣬ҡҡͷٶɱֵ߶̵ٶȸᲢۡ
Ҳ˷ˣܹݼ̵ķչš
˷֮ʱͻȻоԼľܿƵ뵽ڣ̾ͬһڶ㽫ľ롣
һþƶʱʱľ̶޷Ͽɵĳ̶ȡ
ǴֻԼľ޴ʹܵˡ
βͬһϵʿľǿ󣬿Ҳӵ˾
̵һɱֵڼеľӡѾʧ
κһעеˣǼµˡ
ȵԼľǿһЩͿԺɵĽˡ
һоԼ㾫֮ʱھϵϵһɱϲľġ
յľֻ࣬˵ľʵ̫Сˡ
û˻뵽ּľϵȻ뵽ֻһľϵʿУΪһϵʿֲ֪Ҫ


58 յ
ж룬֮ĳصϵ
ȻȻ޷ʹþƶ̣ʱļȴǱȸղŵƶٶҪ˲٣о̷·һ֡
̵ڣڼڵǵ㾫ȻϵûΪϿӰ졣
Ҫ۾ͿԸ̵֪Ĵλá
ҲΪɱֵͨҲûгȴɵĲ޷۲쵽ļ̵ԭ
Ȼݼ̵ٶǲżһ
õߵĺӣƶţ˫Ŀա
Ҳ˺ֻ˺ߣһͨСķ޷ȡ
ڶ磬ܼһ˳ȥһˣʱһֻӡ
ӵײӣţܼһŴʱǿ˴ӵᣬܼһ˲ǸػˣֻǼˣƶʮֳ
簢ʿ뿨ڣҲûע⵽ֻӡ
Ƶң֤װãԼɨŴ˴ӡ
ϲ͸ְҵսףĿⱻְҵսԱߵһѾ޵
Ǿ𵴵ְҵսְҵսףͻƵнԣҪƿڣ𵴵á
½нҲ谭װ𵴵ְҵսףȫһ·пеǽڣڵнгͨ衣
ǰ𵴵Ҳֻÿһְ֧ҵսСӲŻװһѣ޷ÿλְҵսһѡ
Ҫԭ𵴵ʹõĲʮֺõʱĲĹԾٹ֮Ҳ޷㹻𵴵
˵ʵһ𵴵ֻҪõʱϲġ
Ľ죬Ƕ𵴵ûʶΪְֻͨҵս
鿴յƷ֮ʱյһļְҵս׳ܵ˵顣
ְҵսװصֻ飬ǿ³ܵģļʹóʮַ㣬ֻҪӵͨԴϾͿгˡ
ϲظյϢͬʱ˸л֮⡣
ٴδְҵսףְҵս˻ס
ϴβٿְҵսײְͬҵս׿˽Ʒ鼫ѡ
ְҵսֽϵ𵴵𵴵ֱϵĴڵĴӣڵ뵽𵴵ڡ
𵴵һ̶ĦܿĦʧ𵴵濴ʲôʵ𵴵ڲĽṹԳƵš
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ȴʮֿ϶е𵴵ȴ˺ʮʿ
ʱѯǷ𵴵ʱǱһԵ̬ȣû뵽ϲ㵽𵴵
һ𵴵ǰǼģְҵսѧԺڣҲֻһ𵴵ѧԱϰ
ļУǵǰ𵴵пʮ׵ĺϽգڲϧ£𵴵пʵĺϽ塣
𵴵ȱݾģ𵴵ֻҪʹʱݿ
ͻȻôõ𵴵ĵֻаٷ֮һһ㶣ܿ췴ӦϲõĿ顣
ЦҡҡͷѾǰˣʱ۵ԭ𵴵һְֱҵս
û뵽һλ̾ͿԽ𵴵ơ
ְҵսףӶе𵴵ûг𵴵𵴵ֻ˵ܹпϽյʮʿȺϽոΪӲ
ϧְҵս׻𵴵̫ˣ޷Яֻܷסլеı֤
ְҵս𵴵зĲ٣ȫ޻֮
ְҵս𵴵ڵҵһǣʱҲʱ
áͼ̱ʼˡӢƤʮûгκ⡣
ڽʹáϴϴһοʱϢ״̬
һ߲ˮݣһĵþ̽Լ壬ҪǷΪҩùĲӦ
ھɨദʱķľʱڵɫҺѾҪ
һƺҵɫҺãΪʱÿʱദůʱ䲻Զ鿴ľʱʱůָСʱ䡣
ľʱеɫҺϵı仯ɫҺӦþദÿů֮Դ


59 
ʿ˵֮ûܵκε鷳
ǳϵջʵ̫ˣֻΪ֮Ļ֮С
ʮϧڵʱ⣬ÿ˽뾫⣬ϵϤְҵս𵴵
ʿҲ˵ҵְҵսףû˵ʲôֻ˽ղء
еõ㲻֧ʱʿŻҪ˷õ㣬ղЩʿŻ¡
ÿһεġӢڤ뷨ٶȼֱÿһٶȣٰ˾ϵ弶
ľϵڲöžһâǣ޵ľϵڲγһƬ
ദľʱṩԴԴϵľ֧ÿεġӢڤ뷨УɹžֵĻơ
ΪɽϵʿʱΡӢڤ뷨ȴ⡣
ͬһǽڣľ޷ͻƣӢڤ뷨ĵǰ޷ﵽ
˵ľƶϵ̵ٶȴΪľҪƶ֮ʱһͷҲǴͷ޷ʵ塣
Ӣڤ뷨ԾҪҪܹʵ壬Ҫһʱ䡣
ûоϵʦĽ̵ƿ֮ʱҲֻܼÿնöžڤ룬ַͨʽǿöž֣ӶǿԼľ
Ĳ²⣬ľ̫ˣǱǿаθߵģ䱡
żΪֻҪͻƿͿٿؾϵˣʹþƶʱоġ
Ӣڤ뷨ƿӢȴһ·˳
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ĵ²ûзӢ˳ǳ
ȣÿľʱɫҺȫһ뵽ϵ֮ʱʮʮӡ
ͨһ㣬֤ϵƷڲϵĸơ
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ղĹϵֽеķּϵ²ԼӦþ߼ʮ֡
ΣƤ֮հʿԣӦóƣҪáͼָҲû
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ȻҲֻĲ²⣬²Ǿô֤ʵġ
ӢƤĵʮ죬簢ʿѵϢڳԼЩʲô
Ҳǰʿһַɷʽֻǰסʿ׷֮Уûרóʹá
ڰʿһСиţʱͬսĵ
䡢䡢䣡
󣬵ÿһ춯γ˲ơ
ʿ¶˾֮ɫȻ֪ʲô
Ƥ۷ı־Ƥﵽ۷壬ײƤʱͻγͬöսĵЧ
ʱƤԵֵסͨиͬһ¡
סլҲֻﵽƤ۷ľ硣
ֻ˰£ѾﵽƤ۷壬ٶȳ˰ʿϡ
ΪʿҪʿҪµѵΪµʱǳʿϤеʱңҲÿԴﵽƤ۷塣
ʿӰһʧڳУϢѾվ˵ҵĴǰ
ŵҵȨޣٻʱ룬˵ŵʦ֮ʱŵʦҪ̻ѧǼҵ顣
찢ʿʵ޷ͣԼȨ޿˵ҵĴš
źصĴŴ򿪣һͳĺųӿ
ҿվмʱȫ·ֻĶ̿㡣
Ƥֳĺɫ޷۾ģƤϲϳһۣÿһ۾ͻᴫ֮
ʱһսģǹĴ㲻ϵĻ
ȻƤ۷壬Сģʮһĸ߽ʿȻǶССƤʿĶȣǾٶȡ


60 ۷
ĸоģʮƤÿһ˶ε졣
ÿٷӵҪľʱɫҺĸõҩԼĵ⡣
ҲΪֱ֮£Żֻʮʱ䣬ʹﵽƤ۷塣
ײԼƤѾоƤϵʹˬС
ײƤƤµļ͸
ûдﵽƤ۷ǰƤ󣬲ʮޣ޷ﵽԼ
ż⴫ĸܣԼ´ͿԽСӢڶˡ
һƤƤϵĺɫʧ
ʮʱƤӵǿķ
ԼﵽƤ۷֮׵Ϊʹսذ޷λ弶ʿʲô˺ƤɹƤʵ̫ǿˡ
ҲǵʱʹõǾսذףʹͨλ弶ʿƤ޷ƿ
˵弶ϵʿ󣬻ûиоʿǿ󣬵ɹƤһȴǸоʿǿ
ɻѵϵʿ뾫ϵʿ֮Ĳ֮
ȭͷоԼ˲٣֮ǰһ뻹Ҫࡣ
оһϵʿһλ弶ϵʿóʲôʵһȭͿԽ弶ϵʿˡ
ﵽƤ۷ˣʿȻѾԿ϶ﵽƤ۷壬ǳʵ
ʵ̫ˣҪõ𸴡
ʿҴﵽƤ۷壡ûְʿĵղͻƵƤ۷ʱĶЩˣЦŻش
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һٷӣûⷽ˵ѣʵʵ˵
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ʿûл˵ѣΪֳ츳ʮʿҪǿ
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ȻʿҲȥ׷߸֪Ǳϵֵ뱣ܻء
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ʿûʣϵʿȻϵеľϵ
ǻĳʶᣬÿԸһ
ϵʿʮ⣬һԶѡǿ˽ֻ֣֮ϵֵʱȽϵͣҳɳǱҲСи˳ᾫϵ֣ҪС
ϵʿһΪоԱΪϵʿӵԶͨ˵˼άٶ
Ȼϵʿκҵж׳ͷرǾʵоרעĳԾ棬Ծϵʿ֮кٻսҵ
սʮ֮ǰϵʿսͣ޷Ըнϵʿڽʮһϵʿսּʱľϵʿѷͬϵʿ޷սʤʿΪ


61 
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ܿ뵽˾Ϯ֮£ҲЩΪҪѯʾϵʿ֮£ǵľɾϵʿϮ
ԾϵʿʱһҪһȻԶֶ̹ΣҪϵķþϵʿ޷רעڹ
Ҳָֻʮ¾ϵʿﵽʮϵľϵʿ޷սʤԷģΪľϵʿ죡ʿ˵
װʿ˼Ҳ˵ʮµľϵʿҲһս֮ʮϵľϵʿԼ޷ġ
ûϵʿϮλɱֵʮµľϵʿ뵱ʱûʹþϵ֮ʱ˵ľ
ʱʿȣͨˣ֪ʮµľϵʿȷʵСġ
ûĻҾͳȥˣʿ˵˿ʱ˵
ûˣȥʹáϴҲ˿ʱӦ
ˣʱѾˣʮûãһͻӰ쵽ŵƻ
Ҫʹõġȶ׼𣿡ʿ뿪ǰǹĵʵ
ȶϵʿڶҪԴԼǿУԼӰǳûСȶڽһʿ޷ˡ
ͬʱȶҲϵڶ⣬ԼǿЧﵽЧ
ллĹģ׼һЩȶص
ȷʵ׼һȶԼҲû뵽˿ͻƵڶ⣬ϴ˶ʮƿ
Ϊ˲˻ʲôԴΪϧڼ۸ò
ʿžڷ뿪ˣľʱӴɫҺ壬ɫҺԶȫָϵֺ󣬹ر˵ҽ˵һε
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ϣÿһǣļ⣬ҪʱעС
ÿǹ̶ʱ䣬ֵļƤʱͬһٷӵʱ䣬ʱҪܶÿһ
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ĵһҪȫԸԺҪεƶƻ
дʹУܵ˳νƤʱ״̬
ּʹ޷Ӱ쵽ټ徭ܹǰϿְҵսѵѶȼûжκ鷳
ĹǷǳ˳ģ˵ʱҪ̱ڵأһξͶȫʮ֮һļǿ죬̻Ϊġ
ĻֻҪʱ䣬ͿԶȫһǿ졣
ΪһѭȻ֪Լļǿļ޴ͻƶʱҲ̫á
ǳϲÿ춼ĸоʹԽԽаȫС
һȥȱ֭Ҳ˲ôŵѧϰ˸ڵŽе
ѾʼʽƤʱÿϣĵҽУʱŰʿָָĲ֮
󿨸ѧѧʿʱ䶼ϡ
⵹ǰʿĹˣѧϰٶʵ̫ˣֻҪһָȫ˽ѧݡ
Ӣһעڼǰͽˡ
ʲô˵£ţϻЦʵ
ˣҪȥһ£ȥȥ˵
ȥȻȥѾеȲĹغЦ˵


62 Լ
֮ڲڶ·ûķɳټ֮ӴľĸʹĻ䰲ݡ
ȻְҲֻ뿨ˣ֮ھ󲿷˶ɫҴңܶʿٶȷǳ١
ǼƷֵ꣬̿Ϊ׬ǮΪ˱֤ʿĻ
ƷڵƷ۸ٸߣҲ޷ռƬصļֵȡ
սУƾȡƣǶǰϵĿ
Ѿ˿ǣ½Ͼͽ䣡һͨѶʹ˹
㽵û뵽˲ǣѾǣæʵ
㲻ҰɣˣҸ¬ʮӾͽ֮򣬵ʱ㷢λңȥ㣡˵
ҪλˣʤвƷֱ֮꣬ӹЦŻص
Ͽ磬ͿЦЦ
Ů׷ˣǰԵЦʵ
Ůѣֻͨѣʶҡͷϵ
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ں꣬һ겻ģһǰģѲ࣬ϧÿһѡ
ҵλµ֭
㲻Ϊѹи˲͵İɣûзŹЦʵ
ҽƤ׶Σ׶Σųףһµģ߿ģ׷Ҳµӣֻ˵ʵ
ŶãһŴͣһ˼ʵ
֪˶ãҲͬʱģǸѵġӢƵġؾ
ﵽ˵ڶ㣬ǿ˵һƤŽе˳ʼ׶Ρ
˵ͼϵܲ죬Ǳ߶ľԴͰᵽߵĿͷҲʡÿܣҲԸĽܰʿĽ̵һʮƿġϴڿͷУ˵뿨Ҫԭ
Щӵദ뿨֮ĹϵǳǢҲûмӵֻܵϰߣټϿ֮ǰİܴ
һʱµĽ֮У¸֪ڿ顣
Ҳ׹µ˼ڿܵǰ£עһЩǵĿ⡣
ҾͲˣȻһЩõ㣬¸סլ÷ã⻹ǹ帺ҵԴĬһչЦ˵
ЩƷʱ֪ˣƻȥ׼ҲƷֵֵ
ôΪ֪Щͨʿġ
˵ϲʿȴ
ڶʱֵĺӻһЩÿǲϵķҩˣ޷뿪Ĺ
ΪԼδѵİǲɽܵѡ
ӦͷҲǿţʱ֭Ҳ֭Ц˵
ˣʿ𣿡ʵ
浱Ȼԭģ֪֮ʱʿûʲôλʿѣرǹϵ˽ŮѣԲʿһ֪
˵ʿ϶˵
ôܹ֮򣿡Щʵ
֮ͨ˶ԣҪɲףҪǰԤġ
ҾͲ֪ˣ֮ǰҲû뵽һ㣬ҡͷ˵
죬ſڴ߽һλսŮӣĿڵɨһܿ
ڿһ˿Ц⡣
ߣҲվ˵
ٴ棬ûʲô仯Ȼһμսָӹ١
ڿЦУܹоһ˿ֿ⡣
ǿҵѣΪܵȻֶԿ˵ǿʶĺѣ
㲻׼òͰɣ򿨸˵ͷתͷ˵
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ĳ뿨֮񲢲Ҳûм֡
뿪Ʒ꣬˵ıӰ֮кɻ
԰ٷ֮ٿ϶λҲǳʿɲͨ˼ҿġ
ֻĽȦӣȻû˵


63 
Ŀڵİᣬ⴦Ҳǵһ֮ǰ˵δ˵
뷹ʱͷ֣²ڷ㣬ⷹҲǼΪæµ
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ʿ֮ڣҲǼҪ
ʿ밮»ʿλ߽ʿͿԱƵľչڲ飬Ϳ֪߽ʿĵλˡ
رǴоǵʿˡӢʿʿǱ޴󣬱߽ͨʿλߡ
ʲôأĲƷû˵
ѹ΢ЦƷǰĲƷ
ƷǳôҵģƷζǾϲʵ
Ǹ״ģ˵̸ʮְȫõı˼ش
ĻشһͣþȵĿ⿴
֪ʮǰֶһϮЩҲͨѶ֮˵ԾԼ̸˵
ѹϴο˵ڲ֮£ģصظ֪ġ
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ҸھЩҪһЩ»Ƿǳ׵ģػص
Ȼûܹ֣ϼһ˳ûܵʲôۡ
غϣһɱһҺɴкʱһλʿҲûʲôʱһͨˡ
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ʹĳӡ֮Ϊܵ˾Ϯ˷ֵ
ʮֲܵĻɣҪ˭ҪԸ
׵ĹϵһЩ
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λ˹սڿǲĹˣоžصĵλ
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֮ڣжȫԷġ˵
룬СϽԼְҵսذףѸٶذ׵˹ȥ
Ҳûʲôöذ㣬Ϊ˸лİΪѼϣܹ£ϵ˵
˵ͷȻ֪ذ׶ҪԣѹǶʱ䣬ְҵսذ׾Ψһİȫ
ְҵսذںɴɱһ·ȵغŵľԮ


64 Ǳ
ڹϣһֻ޴ӣɫ
ûڲǾ뿪ˣЩɿǲר̹֪Լġ
ԭĿΪ֪Լĵ˭ҲܹԵӦԡ
ǴĴ̬ȣֻǳǵȷʵжϰ㣬֮ʵ
ںǰм䣬̫֮нζʮļ䲻ϵں뷭ģʹܵǰĺܴӰ졣
ڵ֪ѧоԼ˹սھϮͶԿ˹սڽ˵顣
ȻڲǵֵҲֻϲ˿˹սڵϢ
˹սڵг̼ΪĿԿ˹սڵһһΪųϡ
˵뿪֮ѾһʿʽʿȻʵ΢֮⡣
Ϊεжᡣ
˹սвΪҪ
ʵֹͣͨʿ˵Ǽ£һ£ÿʿҪֹͣȴĻָ
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Ҫ£ɲ֪
·ҵһͣŵķɳѡɳռܴ㹻ŵĴӡ
ȡһС뵽ɳӿϣܿɳڲĿƳͱɹˡ
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˵Ĺںܶ༼ϴﵽ˳Խĳ̶ȣЩĵõʵֻܹʹãԭȴ޷⡣
ռԾּڸɴϵʹãṩĿռԾģ顣
ӷڷɳ䣬Ȼʻŷɳſǽȥ
ĵһĿ겢ѧо֮ǰҪһЩ׼
õϢ˹սڽȫ춼ѧоһҪĻ飬뿪
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˹ɽһֿ⣬ŵǾսҪԶҪһЩ
ȻⲢζķһ֧ǧ˵ĵ沿ӣԼʮ½սı
˹ɽȵĵʮ⣬ֻһȿڣҪ˹ɽȣ˴нĻͱΨһĹȿڽ롣
Ҫ֮д˹ɽȣΪ
ʮ½սѲߣǵķҲκθڿķĿ١
˹ɽʮﴦɳһ֮С
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ʵ취㵽ѡѵķʽ
ϲף²֪Ҳϲ鷳
֪˹ս֮ʱĵһ뷨Ǵɱһϸְҵս˼ʽ
одɱѵֻҪԷ޷Ʒĸ߽ʿĽɱ
Ҫ֪˹սȻȨƼ󣬵ײڴ֮УѧоҲоӷأ˹սڵԿɲʱоػ
ѧоڲľͲ࣬ȫػо⡣
ҲǣоڲҲܴڴľӣӰоת
ģ⣬źγְҵսڲ
Ϊְҵսļְҵսӵźܶ˲֪Ĺܡ
ְҵսʧʮʱڣ˻ٵ֪һЩְҵսʧʱԽĽ죬ְ֪ҵսȫܵѾ١
¾ְ֪ҵսӵĹܣҲûܹٿʹóЩܡ
ҲΪְҵս׻ΪղƷԭûоϸɸѡûоϿѵͨ˸޷ְҵսס
ģźγǱҪֶΡ
ְҵսױһģܵĻΪһ壬޷ְҵս׵λá
źγʹɨװ޷ְҵսףӶﵽƭɨװõá
Ĺӵְܹҵս׵ɨװãǳԽɨװãɨװǲּܳľֿġ


65 ȡ
ְͨҵս׵ľźŽӲʹͬٿԼְҵսס
Ҫͼǰ˹ɽѾ֮С
ְҵս׵˫ĿɨУӾģʽ£е˹ɽȱһϰΧš
޷ϣ˹ɽ޷׵֡
ȥˣЩûб䣡˵
ְҵս׵ϵͳ㣬ϵƵͨĳԭھڲĳ˳
Ҫʹֶˣְҵս׷ͬƵʣЦ˵
ְҵս״ɽϽӽϣϽӽϽְҵս׵ϵһ֣ûʾ
ɹǱ˹ɽȣûоػ˹ɽȵľӡ
ֿⲢҪѰңɽȾͿԿɽȵλá
ҵһطֵĽ䣬мס˾ֿļٲ֡
⵹ǾԾֿĹϣνĲصĽ䣬Ҫֿ˲ûκεá
ǴλûֻͨкǽڣǽֿеǽһǲúϽƳɣȳʮס
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ôĶػľӡ
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𵴵ϽǽڣȵͣɵС
ܿһԲγְ֣ҵս׵һֻץиԲκϽ¶һڡ
ְҵսɵ붴ڣֽԲκϽŻԭ
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ְҵս׵˫ںڰľֿ˰ɫĹâɫĹâɨܣһݳǰ
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ѡķɳװľǵķȥ
ڷɳнУѡԶʻǽöͷȡ˳ЩԶ̾ѻǹĵͷ
ڷɳϣʹ𵴵öͷ˼ӹӹĵͷǳ⣬ͷͬһ룬βԭԲεĵβֻβ˱һ㡣
ѧоǵĽÿһλĶǳԶ
ְҵսѧоﴦһо
ѡĿʽڵУܹܵûģЧӱͬʱҲܼɨװ÷ֵĻʡ
ѧоԶͣɲ֮ǰľֿ⡣
½ھУ͵Ĵڣһֿӳ̶ޡ
ȴǾҪоõɨװÿɲֿͨɱȵġ
취ǰ£Լİȫðա
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ڵλһ鲻Сʯͷȡ𵴵ʯͷıڡ
ܿͽ뵽£ǰڵڵ»ǰš
ְҵսúϵͳְҵս׿̫棬˵ֻˡ
𵴵ǴСãʯ飬ǵػĻס𵴵ھ
ھҲʹְҵս׵ļӿ˲١
˵ѧоǰΪϸĵطⲢ˵⴦оûж⹫ϡ
ٰشоǹģĿǻ
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ڵھ˲ãոսоΧͲòֹͣھ
ǰ£鲼˸ָӦһֱǳСģһھһְҵսǰ̽⣬Ѿˡ
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ְҵս׵Ϸһ̳ԱһԶװá
ﻹѧоΧλûжξ롣


66 λ
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ûѡţְҵսһԾе𵴵һȦײ˻ϲذ塣
УķΪʹȻСȴǼ
ˣְҵս˶㣬ͷⷿϢذƿСǽǾˡ
Ҳֻܹһͱ𵴵ɨ
һؼһɱˣ֮ǰʧʱɱ˲ͬĸоʮìܡ
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ĺһȡһֻӣӿʼװԶ̷ľѻǹ
Զ̷ľѻǹƳģרΪɳСͷɴ֮Ŀ꣬ڱҪʱԹصĵˡ
Զ̷ľѻǹ˺ļΪȶľѻȣޣϵͳ޷׼ʹԶ̷ľѻǹġ
Ȼʵĳ̶ֳֻ̭ЯޣԶ̷ľѻǹֻҪЯ㹻ĵҩʹôԶ
һЩĳϣԶ̷ľѻǹǷǳõģŵԱ
ȡľѻöѻװ뵯С
Զ̷ľѻǹĹʵõҲǿġ
˵ְҵս׵ȫԶ̷ľѻǹĺ
ٵһʱ䣬ʿȼȥôʹԶ̷ľѻǹû⡣
ͨɨ˿˹սڣ⴦λѧоĸߵ֮һǴֻһǽڡ
˹սڵ˲䣬վڿ˹ս״ʿȻɴ۾
ʿ֪Σգȴ޷֪ΣմӺζ
Ҳʿ쳣֪ϳ֡
ʱԶ̷ľѻǹҲ˼ޣ˱׼
䡱һԶ̷ľѻǹ˳Ƶ졣
޷ģйоʱ
𱣻оȫľͨķѾҵλá
ûܵ˿Ӱ죬ڵһԶ̷ľѻǹĵдգöѻӵȫ


67 ɱ
һöѻӵǿҵƶ£ɳ˾ѻǹܣֻǷɳʮ׵ľ룬βԴԲνṹڿֲĳ䡣
ֹŹֵľѻӵְҵսϲԶ̾ɱʽ
Ҳ֪һλְҵսʵսзģбְҵսѧԺѵγ̡
Զ̷ľѻǹ޴һֻҪĿ꣬һ֣ԽдһƬΧѪȫɢ
ӵǸΪٵķٶ봩͸ԡ
һ̶ϣӵûԭӵľ޴ӵеĲλֹֻᴩʽ˿ڣǻҪѲЧ
ְҵսԣȴҪǣΪÿһλܹɹҵְҵսһĿ϶ﵽͨǹֵı׼
ӵβԲνṹ󣬼ӵٶȶȻ죬ڽṹ⣬ӵķҲ˴롣
У˹սʿſ˹սڵķһ̤׵ľʿԵھߡ
ǽϣһС׶֣ӵſ˹սڷ
ʿķӦٶȼΪֲڸ֪Σգһֱڽ䱸֮Уڸ֪ӵʱǰѳѾС
ʿԼķӦٶȼģĵӵ
һеĳӵ·ϡ
һʿʮһЧ
Ǹ߽ʿҲ߽ʿֻһ֮ңƷʴﵽ˰˵㣬֮Ҳᣬһе֤ԴݳΪ߽ʿ
ƽʱ˹սǸ߽ʿģԼоڣžӵı߽ʿҲҪϢͱֻ˹սڡ
ȻҲλʿŬڿ˹սǰ֣õ˹սڵĹע
һöӵڻ˻ǽںٶȻǴ
ڶöӵŴͬһ׶û˿ĴʿҲ֪ˣһεľ飬еĳٴθ񵲡
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ʿогûмʱסӵвɾһתۿ˹սڡ
ڶöӵ˿˹սڵͷ­ĶͷһѪ
Ҳʿתͷ˲䣬öӵڿ˹սڶͷͬһѪӴһ㡣
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68 ׷
ְҵս׵İɹĳоҲûойأ˴ݵ˳
ΪȻ뿪ᱻ֮ʱԶ˱֮
ûͷۿְҵս׵ɨϵͳѾһײΧǽ׷˹
׷˹սڵʿǸݵ׷ģڽӽһξ󣬾ͷټ
֪ǣոɵƤʹͨ˱ϵĲͬ
Ϣ޷ԼϢϢʿһΧھͬưĿ
ʿ׷˾ѻλʱ͸֪˸뿪о
ʿûļ֪ͨκˣʱҲû뷨ֻץס̿ͣô̿롣
ְҵս׵ĶȫٶȷɱԶ롣
Ծ·ˣְҵս׵ıܳĲ⣬űĶʹٶɴﵽÿףһڲϵ֮С
ɾ׷ʿȻڲϵĽӽС
֪ʿǿ󣬵ôҲû뵽ʿٶȾȻܹﵽ˵ĳ̶ȡ
ûƾκֻʹﵽٶȡ
û׼֣ԼǷܹʿ׷
ͬʱְҵս׵ɨУʿеĳɨΣյְּҵս׵жУܹƿְҵս׵ķ
ְҵսʹõĺϽǶƳɵģÿһ̨侪ˡ
ȥְҵս׳ΪղƷʧȥӦеļֵҪôɸ㵽ֿɲס
ְҵս׵ķܹڽ뵲¼󲿷ֵĵ̫սУֻҪɵ뽢ڻУְҵս׾ܴ
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ʿʱȫȻ˼ĳڵⱼ֮˶ĵ
ºΣıɲˡ
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̶̵ʱУǰ汼ܣʿں׷ϣܿ͵ﴦõ
ʱʿ֮ľҲͶʮңֻҪʿһμ٣Ϳ׷

ְҵս׵ϵͳͨź֮ǰõĶֵףըĻ⡢ĵ⡢ѣĿ뱬
Щи߱ףԻе豸ĵףԼɱɱĵס
ãΪһ׷ɱ⴦óڶӰ׷ķߡ
Ҳû뵽⴦Ϊ˶Ըһʿ
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ֻҪʿĴλֱУͲ̫˺ҲЩˡ
ʿ˫ĿգⲻΪ˲˫ĿˣҲΪ̫ǿң˫Ŀ޷Ŀ
ʿûеıըԼ˺ĵǴ̿ǷĸӦΧ
ǿҵıը֮Уĸ֪½˼㣬޷֪λá
ĵҲ࣬ΪֻҪ⴦Ϳ׷ٵԷɲԲ÷Χ
ûʿܣѾƾְҵս׵ٶȣҪʿ׷Ǻ
ڻһʿ׷ѧоǱ߸ʿӦʱͲѷˡ
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֪׷ʿǶټģ²ʿʾʮҡ
Ǹ߽ʿﻹݵӳôԶʿϢӴʮʿǳӽ
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ԭʿͬһֱһ׷һӵģʱվʿֱУֻһϢ֮䣬˫ˡ
ʿ˵ûκεĲ
ʿΣյĸ֪ǷǳģҲҪʲôС
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ʿΣո֪УЩΣյԴ
һΣո֪࣬ʿϾ˼


69 
ıըظʿΣյĸ֪Ϊ˿ٴ߳ǲѣֻͷǰ
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Ϊ𵴵ӳǿЧְҵսײõ˫ֳ𵴵
ʿ𵴵֮ʱоΣգѾûܵĻᡣ
˵ʵһʼûнУĸ֪УҲһʿ
˵ְҵսףֻΪһȫյװá
Ҫ֪ԴӲĹ棬ʶĻףʹòĹԻ׵оȻֹ
ΪĹĻоһֱڴķϣڸĻ׳ƷǰĹĻֻߡ
ǰĹĻоֹˣû֧Żоϵǰǲоġ
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ԣʿ֪Ǵġ
˵ǰǿսְҵսǰС
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ΪССͨˣʮʿǵհʿڳͱ˹սץߣΪ̨оƷ
˹սڻţô˹սڵжԵֵ
ֻҪи߽ʿ֣벻Լʲô취Ա
98Ŀ˹սҪõһŹӳоƷ
㻹𣿡ӹž޴ӷԼסլ·ϣյڿһϢ
ʱսָӹٵİ칫Уп˹ڿ˹ս̵Ϣ
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غϣƷϢͨѶǻܵԵļ¼ɲй©Ϣʲô鷳


70 
һаãһ£Ȼϻظ˿һϢ
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֪ûºûдȥʲô
鷿Уӱĳ嶯֮ѹжĵʧ
ڴɱ˹սڣûΪԼʲô󣬿˹սǲһᱻ˹սɳǿץ
ֻû뵽ʿ˵ǿãֻǱһнʿ׷ɱ
Ǳһλ߽ʿ׷ʱѾץˡ
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ǵһָдÿһηּʵǿҵĳͻʱͻָ롣
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ķӦܿ죬һʼҵѰ֣ʽչ飬רҵĵ鵽ֻһСʱѡ
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˹սڵʬ챨ûУɵʿͨһڹĵѯʵ
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71 ץ
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Ϊӵ̿ǰ˹ɽȡҩȻѧо˴ɱж
У̿ͽܷص򣬶ûб֡
Ϊµǣ̿жУûκεͣ˷ʱ䣬ʱģ˹ɽҩٶȸϵоͬûеʱֳɹɱ
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һλӢۣɵʿץԷģҲҪԷӦеء
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72 ʦ
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֪ʦǲ˵ѵģҪΪʦڿЦ
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73 
ְܹʿȣϵ弶㲻ʲôһľϵʿֻҪȼʱѳ
˶ãֵڲʮʱ䡣
ðʿǣϵ֣ͬʱ˾ϵ֡
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Ϊǵر𰮺ƽģԴ磬̶̵ʱ̫鷳
ʱȥ鷳鷳
ȻѾ˿˹ս鷳˭֪᲻еڶ˹սڣϾֻҪȨ޵˶Էġ
˵ӸλҪӳԼֻҪٴ
ദľʱڵɫҺֲ²⣬мɫҺʹĳһ̶ֹ
Ϊο˹սҪץоƷΪ˹սΪоԱǶʮء
˵߼ʹ˴Ի״̬Ⲣζŵ߿Թ̡̻
Բô˵䶼ӦǶʮ꣬ʮٶǰǱսʱ䣬еζѰζˡ
ԼĲ²Ϊ棬ôԺкܴܻΪദľʱӶи鷳
Ҫ֤ʵԼĲ²ⲢѣֻҪٹһʱ䣬²ԼͿ֤ʵ
ܽΣǡμǡеɮ㣬Լûǿ֮ǰһֱ˿ӡ
ҪһܹҲΪνʿԭ
񣬰ʦԸţ䲻֪ʦжǿ󣬵Կ϶ǣʿ᳤ݣ㹻Ϊһűɡ
᳤Ը£ѧϰ˵
ãȻ£Ժ밢һʦʦݴĵЦ˵
˵ʿˣʦҪ£ͬĿԷǳ͡
츳λ֪ԻˣʱԷʲô˵ˣŻͱˡ
ôλĹеʦ˴֮·ǳࡣ
ǣʦĿڵ
ľϵ弶ҪͻƣȹһЩʱ䣬һľ͸ˣƽ㽫ľϣľЩʦȡһݸ
ӹϸһ׹ָֻ׸ǴСûеʲôһСЩƵľ顣
ɾУƤľӴ֮ʱоľŵɢһ
ʿеľһƬȡ
֪ܹڰʦϵģûһͨƷ
ľڲĹûʲô󲿷ֵʿ֪ľ֮Ⲣζľͨ
෴ľǲĹƷǰʦʱõģܹıÿһǼ
ʿʰʦʦ˵Ĳṩ̫ǲˣһ־ֱ
ʿԼԼʦ£Լϵİʦʦʲôûó
ʦϵЦݣҲˣʦжûôˡ
𿴰ʦƽﶼº͵ֻ̬Ӳ֪ʦж뷳ġ
ʿֿ֮ǰ׼ΪԼĵӵģǷ츳оԼ޷̵츳ţѾµҪ
û뵽Ŷ죬ͳΪͬš
ллʦ׹ڲϣӦľϵĵϵĸл
Ȼ֪ľļֵľЧľ񽫻вСİ
ľƲҲǳ΢һʮСʱϵģ΢Ӱ춼ʱĶΪʱ䡣
Ȼȥľϵ֮£һʱһΪõʦϵ֮£ĿǰȻȸŰȵ㵽֮ٸңʦ˵


74 
ӽ쿪ʼҵʦܣʦͬһˣڵ壬ͽ磬ͬŵлܣʿ߱˵
磡Ҳ˰ʿ˼˳ƺ
ʿЦЦĹϵƽֳֻ֮ع鵽ͬʦº͡
˴ʿһͬʮߺסլȥ
ֲ˿⣬ϵʿ֮һֱи²⣬ɾϵʿٶһǳ֮죡ʿЦ˵
ϵʿκҵ֮УܹӱΪϵʿľǿʹ˼ά䶼Զˡ
˵ϵʿ֮УҲõǿǿԶԶϵʿ
ʿ֪Ϊ˵ţǾϵʿӡ
ȻƷžԵãûƷҲ޷ﵽĿǰٶȡ
ԭԼٶȹ죬ýͣʿǰҵɡ
˵ٶȺܿ죬ֻһסլǰ
סլĴŴţǰû¡
Ҫ֪йܼһڣʧġ
վиڣʿһ䣬˵
ûԥʿ˵Ǹ֣ǱȻǸ߽ʿĴڣּǿ߲ܹԵġ
Ҳûʲôöģ˳ӵվ˰ʿ
ҲʱɵʿӴ˳
ɵʿһֱڿ֮еȴղ֪һһǿſڣӭ˳
ɵʿΪʿʵ
ʿɵʿ֣ϵϢȻٴǿͬʱһֻѾϣһɵʿ춯ͻϵִӡ
ʿιǴЭģϣ㲻Ҫ赲ɵʿüͷ΢壬ʿĳоЩ鷳˵
˵֮򣬾طֻҪڳĵط޹򰢶ʿ֡
ʿİʦɵʿ޷Ĵڣ˵ɵʿǾҲðʦ
ǾĴϣܹҵĵ鹤ɵʿֿеĴ
ţɵʿ㵹˵˵ΪʲôʿȻῴɵʿִɵʿʵ
ǻ뿭˹սڵĴɱйأ¾ĸ߲㶼ʮӣϣʿҪ֣ɵʿٴ
ʿҲǱһ˹ս֪֮ġ
ǰһϮ֮£ºҲ鵽ѧоǱߵĶֻ漰ڲ񣬾ѾϮ¼˲ٵҲù׷
˵ףʿȾǽʦʦͷŻþڲľٶѾǷǳˡ
˵˹սʲôˣǾĸ߲㣬̫ʵȨȴƿʿĲԴӦʿҪԸ˹սҲΪ
ʿֻɫƽûбֳ̫ľš
ʵҲǷǳȵģû뵽жѸ٣ô͵鵽
ĵĵǲ࣬жûκεĺۼǰѴȥʮʿϵõĳ˽
ְҵսڲսݽǽܵ飬Ҳ޷ʲô֤ݡ
ɲǰǰûиʿᣬո˰ʦ£ĵҪǲס
ӵְҵսļ䣬е֤Լжܹܵס顣
ɵʿ֤֤˹սڵй𣿡ʿתͷɵʿʵ
ɵʿֲõĸоû뵽ʿһ
Ӱʿ̬ϣɵʿ˰ʿǿҵά֮⡣
ɵʿףʿΪһռʿĵͼʿͷҪ֪ǴŴģվһ
뿭˹սìܣлڿ˹ս̵Ƕʱ䣬޷׷λã뿪֮ʱ䣬ܹרҵľѵɵʿش
ʿһʼǷǳĵģɵʿóʲôֱ֤ݣôҪҪʦʦˡ
һʦ棬ҪʿḶһĴۣǰʿϣġ
ɵʿ˵ɣһͬʱ¶˼֮ɫ


75 
ɵʿν֤ݣʿʵ
ʿҲǸЩ֮Ҫȥܵ飬ֻҪ˵еɵ㣬Ҳԩɵʿ˵
ɵʿ˵Ҳûдƾġ¡Ȩޣǰȥ鲢ʲô¡
֮ǰΪ鷳Ҳֻ֮Ҫܹ֮Чķ֧֡
ƾЩ㲻ܴߣʿʱϢɢǿӲ
ʿұкϷ飡ɵʿȴǵϵϢסʿ˵
Ϸ飿ʿɵʿƣ˵ٿϣ
ɵʿһ㶣ʿԻлѵʲô֪ģ
óƣ²ѯϢİȫ˾ż
żİȫȼҲǲĹӵȨˣ󰢶ʿҲӵоżȫȼĴڡ
żȫȼȫԻ󲿷ֵɵʿܹľżȫȼƾеķ봫޷Ӱ쵽ġ
λΪˣɵʿʵʵѾ²⵽ʵĻһ֮Уİȫȼżĳ̶ȡ
Ȩײ㣬Ĺûж٣ÿһλλʦйˡ
˵Ĺĸ߲ǶûİȫȼǷҲͬܵƲá
ȻľżȫȼζͿ˼ﻹҪܵ飬ǰǱҪʵ֤
ɵʿûʵ֤ݾҪֱӴߵ飬Ծżȫȼʱ޷ġ
þżȫȼȥĳкİȫȼҲӦĽЩܵ԰޵ļල
ǵģҵСʦܣҪû֤ݵµȺʦʦͬǲܽУʿ΢Ц˵
һҵʵ֤ģȻͬӦͨάȨ棬ʹֶΣɵʿĿһ˵
ÿɵӰĿ⿴ɵʿп˹ս̸ʲôɣ˹սȴץ˫ĻɵʿҲ˵ĳڡ
ɵʿҲоԼʧԣûټ˵ת뿪
ҲǰʲôԺ²Ҫô嶯ˣڽסլ󣬰ʿԥһ£Ȱ˵
ɵʿǰȴǶɵʿ˵ĻŲ١
Ҫ̫ˣȷʵ뿭˹սìܣҲȷʵ۾ˣӵšηѫ¡սӢۡ
û˵ƭʿͬҲϡ
ϢҪһβܻ鷳ʿεҡҡͷ˵
̬ȣ֪˹սʮа˾žΪˡ
ʿٶȷʿᣬٴ˰ʦķ䡣
ʦ˹ڿ˹ս֮£Լɵʿ鵽
ʦţϵǱº͵΢Ц
ʦЩ嶯ᣬһȰȻǱû֤ݣҪ档ʿСĵ˵
ðʦ޷ﵽڰʦʧֲ١
С£ƽʱȷʵҪһֱţĹףӦܵõĴŴܵĳЩ˵׷ʦ˰˵
ʦҲǸ֪ľΪӣȻҪһĹ
֪һŷ˸˲õĵӡ
Ǳսⳡս۵ԣܵĹעġ
ⳡս߼Ӣ۹Ĺǰ÷ģǲǱս춨˲Ĺȶ
ºѧоóۣĹڻҵս֮УӢ۹ľ鲻ὫĹΪܱߣӶֲĹķչ
˵ʦڣǱսʱ䣬вĹ˶ҪлλսսӢۡ
˵ʱһֱŶʮ״̬ûб仯ˡ
ڰʦƯУܵĳʵ컯Ӱ졣
԰ʦ۽磬У̫̫֮࣬ĿԶǱڲĹڵЩ˿ɱȵġ
ʲôݣʿʵ
Ӧ֪ĲҪʣѾȨ޽ϼܣϣܹЩ鷳ʦ˵
ʿʦ̬ȼȻͬצģסûмѯʡ
ҲĹҪ鿴ıϢǲˣΪܹȼ簢ʦȨ޵һֶֻĹ


76 Ӱ
ڰʿҪϵָֹͣҲѵõϢˡ
ڴϣЩߡ
һе㾪ĶǣɱĲ֪ˣѻǹɱĿ˹սڣԼʮʿһε龰ǰظ֡
֮ǰɱ࣬ЩǼδָʱսܡ
һοһɱˣжǰ裬ɶԺƽԣ̫̼ˡ
ûа취ֻܹˡӢڤ뷨ʹԼľƣܹ˯ȥ
ڶ죬һϵ˯ߣľָֻжɱ˺ĲҲɢ١
ӹܼһ֪ʿûл
ɰԼϰߣϰ顶Ӣ⡣
ĹУϴŵľɢ΢ԸʹЧ֮ǰҪһЩ
Ųϵľλʦǲ͵ļ˵
ҹСʱңȥڼеңʿϢ
ʿ֪ʱ䣬һҪȥ磬ʱϢ
׼ȥҪǰʿ¶һЩ۵Դ
µҲżڿ֮д˹Ļ鿴š
ǰŲģڹŵǶʱȤֻ뿴˹ս¼ĺչΡ
첻Ϊʦ£Ѿ֮Уڽžĵ飬ڿˡ
Ȼһ㶼Լץסʣʹű޷ڸֱƹҩҲǾܹרҵĶԿѵ
ϵκʹǰڰʱڣĥȣԵ΢
ű˿˹ս¼ûἰ£ҲȻɣҲֻǻɣʵ֤
ûʵ֤£ǲ̹ܽġ
֮ʱű򿪣ΪʿˣŹȥʮӲɲϰʿʱķ
ôˣ㷢ˣĲİʿǿȵĿſŵһƿʵ
еƿҶƣǴڵĺƣ۸ȻҲۡ
ȻЩõ㣬һԺƲûʲôоһǱȥƣ᲻õġ
Ҫ֪Ǳ޷ͨõһģõֻǲĹڲңǱȴǴͨûҡ
ˣϵɫЩŹ֣иҲΣеҶӸ˵
æֽסҶƣôصĺƵڵϡ
ԼˣֵǱҰɣҶƵƿϸĵıע˼۸񣬲ʵ
Ǽ͹ģĸָҵĹӦһҵһֻ㱣ֹϵ˵ţȴǶ۾ڵȴĽ͡
ҲƣǸĸϵȻеλļλȺϵе˼
䲻֪ʲôҲûпӼҪƿҶơ
ðɣʦΪˣյϢЩֻ̯˵
ʲôֺ£ϢһӾͲˡ
ǿʦʿĻ᳤ǲĹĴ
˵ԼҲʿᣬǳʣһӶ밢ʦŲɿԽľ롣
ҲֻżȻ֮£ԶԶĿʦһۣ⻹ʿԱԭ
ѾƿˣһҪúףһеҶ˵
ƿҶǼ峤ղصģһֱֻ֪޷ȵǱҹĺƵġ
νſӣſҪǱŽƷ뷨
ٿʿϹ£æס˵
Ǿϣٿ˵ҶܹʣһҪһȣһ߽ھƹһ߽
ʱùܼ׼òˣЦ˵
ܿĿ̬ȣûΪΪʦĵӶʲôı䣬Ȼǽѡ
ɲϣѼĹϵΪ±ʣѿɲࡣ
ȥҹ壡û£֪ʿ£òҪ롣
ſ뿪ɵЦҡҡͷΪˣָ˿ĹԴͲٲˡ
ɳš


77 ʦ
ٴδ򿪣վʿ˽һλųȻʵŮ
ͻȻһȫë
ΪǸڰʿŮӣ˫žȻûŵأڵƮǰġ
һ˲ҪΪŮӲ࣬Ĵڡ
û߽׾ϵʿɣʿľЦ˵
ʿĸоܹƯǰǿɲʲôõĴڣÿÿ𶼻ëȻ
߽׾ϵʿһŷӦŮ
λǾϵʮİʿҲʦΪľϵʦʿΪܵ
ʿӽžͿνܰʦ룬ǲ̫Ըġ
ԼηزҪϢһʱ䣬һ
̵ϵ֮£һλн׾ϵʿͿҪǰ
ǰʦ룬ǰʦĵӣðʿþܾ
ʿ֮ǰɲ֪Ը񣬰ʿû˵ûѯʡ
ʿʵ뷨ǣһҲðʿһ뿴ʿķӦ
ľʮֲȶѵֻΪ٣ûÿһνǰ̾𣿡ʿ˵
ʮľϵʿǰûܿԡ
ϵԼ弶ϵȷʵ󣬵Ҳе⡣
ʿҲ֪ΪΰʦҪ̵ˣ˫ϵʿһֱǲĹǷȱġ
ʿ֮ǰûеʦָľϵӿʼҲʮʱ䣡ʿһΪ͵
ţʿֻ֪ʮĳɾͺ󣬲һͷ
ʿ֮ǰָȻ㲻ǾϵʿҲȫȻ֪ϵ֮£ôԼأʿûתͷŰʿʵ
ʿƿԣܸܲ߰ʿ֮ǰһֱҲûз
ӣÿҶָв֮ҲʱѯʣʿԸ
ʿڿбˣҪʼָѧϰֶ԰ʿ
ʿƺԸ˽⣬ûΪи˵˼ջ𣬰ʿЦЦȻ뿪ˡ
ңʿڵţĶڵϡ
Ҫ˽ѧϰʲôõʲôҩҪңʿ˵
ǡӢڤ뷨˷ùϵҩ⣬ûзùϵҩû˵
ûзþϵҩʿȻ΢΢أʵ
ٴο˱仯ʮʱʹﵽ弶ϵʼΪǻʲôҩڿӦǿ
ǰе飿ʿٴѯʵ
ѾҪ׷ĻǶԲĹʿ˲ŵļ
־ǿˣӦڷֺ֪ᾫϵ֡
ϵ֣˵ʱʾǷϵֵҪ
ʿЩ£˫ϵ֣ôôǿľ˲ţͻǰ;
ǰҪ飿£ǵһ˵
ʿŭ뿴˭ô¶ûи֪Լƣ鿴ϡ
ڿдƬľʱʿû֣ΪʦĵӣӵмߵıܵȼҲ
ֵĹ̲ڱܷ룬е
û뵽ǣȫϸΪӵСηѫ¡ֱӻõյȷʵҪ顣
ˡӢڤ뷨Ƴɹöž֣Ƿ֪öžֵ˼ʿȥ׷ǰ£Ҫ֪Ծϵ֪ʶ˽̶ȣʵ
Ӣڤ뷨вûнܣҲ֪ͼ˼ֻǰͼƵģҡҡͷش
ʿһҪ˵ĳ嶯о̵ǶԸһؿ顣
ʲô֪Ѿ弶Ҫǲƭˡ


78 Ȱ˵
öžڹž񡢻ꡢǡ⡢־ɲ˼롢Ȼַ벢̫׼ȷҪе˼ѧϰžʿ˵
ڲ֪žֺ£ǿнӢڤ뷨о⣬ģΪʦҪһΡ
ŰʿĽ⣬öžֵ˼ϵڲöžָ
̶̵Ľ⣬ֵʮЧҸԡӢڤ뷨˺ܶࡣ
ʵûദľʱóȻõĽ޳ɣһ
ʿǰͻȻ仯ȻǸо
ľȷûָ侫ϵ֪ʶ
뵽ʿ˵ӿʼڲʮʱ䣬Ǿϵ弶ϵ
ʿΪӦðԼ츳˷ѵϵϣӦרϵϵֻǸͿˡ
Ȼ뷨ǲ˵ģҪԼ
Ҫ֪ǰʦĵӣʦһλʮϵʦʿҲǰʦ̵Լӵġ
ʿɵﲻʦҪ취ΪϵʿΪǿ󣬴Ӷϵ֮ԾϵΪ
ڰʿ־ϵ츳ϵ˵һվϵҲԳһλʦ
ڵĲĹϵʿĴϵʿȫѹˣΪȱһλǿľϵʦ
ʿĿڵתһԵְҵսף۾һ
ϲףʿְָҵսʵ
ڲĹǼţӰƷȴǾ֣ԲĹܶ˶Իģͷǳϲ
жһ̨ףΪֶԻģͿȵİߡ
ʿûΪְҵսףֻǽְҵս׵һߡ
ǵģ֪ʿתƻ˵ΪΣͷش
ĹûгֹĻףĻֻļмܹʿ˵
ǾǰƳ˻ףͶ뵽ʵս֮Уļ䲻رְҵս׾
ǰνףЩֻòĹǿɵαӲƷİٷ֮һûУʿҡͷ˵
Щ޷˵д˻֮ɫ
ĻҪнϵʿܹԦͬĻ׿ʹʿսòͬʿĻɣĽ͵
֪ǾϵʿҲԼĻףֽʵ
ÿһλϵʿӵ𣿡ʵ
Ի׵ǿ֪ʮʿʻŻףʮʿƤ޷ƿ˵ɱԷˡ
ټļУְҵսѵĺܴһݣְҵս׵ĲݣҲְҵսҪݡ
Իżĸ飬ҲϣӵиΪǿĻס
ôףֻи߽׾ϵʿʸ񣬲ֻ׵ļ۸䰺Ĺĸ߽׾ϵʿУӵоϵ׵Ĳᳬʮλжģʿ˵˵ͣһ£Ȼ΢ЦʵҪʶһ𣿡
ӵоϵף־ϵʮֺ棬һԼʶ۾ɴ˵
ҵĻϹȺ˵˵ϵʿϵʿ𣬻㿴Ӣĸ߽ϵʿЯľǣǸ߽׾ϵʿĻԽ䵱ɸ߽ϵʿľǡ
ϵʿʮǰսСʮһʱսͻ־޴
ǵСо֣ԵֵⲿйǻԶ̵ľ񹥻ӰԵֵ
Ҫǣ߽׾ϵʿ̫ս֮УױȵǿֻҪǿ̫սǾƴԱǾս̫սʧȥսʿ˵žϵʿǿ
ǵһ˵ϵʿǿ֮⵹֮⡣
㿴ҵƶʽ𣿡ʿֽ˵
Ȼע⵽˰ʿƶʽƶķʽڵһμˣǼ޴ġ
ҲǾϵʿĺô֮һֻҪΪ߽׾ϵʿͿӵвеʿŹƻ


79 
ҵĻѾſڣŻ׽ɣΪܵİʿͣ˵
㿪ĻĻʾסլ
һ밢ʿ÷ǳŮվſڣ΢΢һ㶣ͿȨޣŮ˽
ĿŵҵĴţһŮ˽
ŮʱоŮ˵֮
Ů˴Կʱûʲô𣬵ϸ֮£Ƥһֽ
ټŮվĸ֪ΧԿ϶Ů˲ΪŮûûѪҺ
ȵǣŮ˵Ϣ
ҵĻףҼ弸˵Ļۻģҵķʿ͵Ŀ⿴ԼĻΪܵ
ôĻôٿأʵ
ǰĻ߻ģ밢ʿȫͬƤϵĽ󣬶ҪΪ׾ǰʿá
Ǿϵʿôײ½Ϊϣ½ܾĿƣ׵ļڸ߼Уԭֻиֻ߽֪Ҫվˡ
ҵľһֻҪһķΧͬҵһ㡣
ײҪٿأʵͬһλ߽ϵʿҡʿЦżܵ
ʱû׹ԭɣҪΪ߽׾ϵʿ󣬾ͿƿŸ߽ϵʿսĻס
ɲôñƵģˣʿ̨ϵ弸˵Ļۻġ
Ĺʮ̨ĻףԼΪ˸߽׾ϵʿҲûһ̨ϵס
˵ľϵٺãҲˮл°㣬ܿĵҪӵоͲ̫ʵˡ
Ϊ㽲⡶Ӣڤ뷨ʿҲûټȰ˵Ҳֵ̫ԣնĴ̼Ѿˡ
СʱʿϸΪˡӢڤ뷨һݡ
˵Ѿ۷壬ȴС´ʲôҪݡ
ԼԼľ۷ôģȱٵľǾϵĻ֪ʶ
ԺÿҶСʱ弶۷壬ʮֱҪѹסľͻƣͻƶûкôľ޷ѹƣȻȻͻơСʱ󣬰ʿֹͣ˽Σ󽻴
ɲĳһιʱûдû´ﵽ
ľϵţΪ̵·޷ԭԼ
ʿԼľϵ뿪ˣ˵ʵԾϵǼĽģ׼лѯһ⾫ϵ׵ļ۸
֮ʱ䣬̶
ÿǰһΡӢʱദľʱڵɫҺѸٻָϵ֣һΡӢ
ܰʿľϵ֪ʶ̵Ͻܰʿϵ֪ʶ̵
һº󣬰ʿ˶Ľ̵һΪ弶ϵʿ˼֪ʶԶˡ
һ棬ʿҲԼ񣬲ܳʱ̵֮ͣ
ʿʮϵʿܹһʱ̵ѾǷǳѵõ¡
һʱ䣬Ҳ˲ĹϲȦӣʿ֮и˲֪
ĵ͵ټϰʦֻ˽ûоٰʽͽʽ֪˲٣ʶȴǼޡ
˹ս֮Ҳʱ䣬Ľȶȡ
رھѾץ֮󣬿˹ս¼ǹȥˡ
ϢʱкǲܱץסģΪǸ̿͡
ֻվ˵ʲôҲַֻͨʽڶԾĲΡ
Ҫﱻɱһֱ޷ҵ̿ͣ޷һ
ȴ֪˹ս֮¸ܹȥʱ俴ƽƽ֮°ӿ
ʹûȥһԼսƷǰѴʮʿĳ
ȻһʱɹҲϲ˵ģʮɹɣʼһ
ҩĹע⵽ˣÿֻṺԼķݶһ˷ѡ
Ҫ֪ҩ޷˵ģҲ͸֮ˣҲ鷳£ΪԴǷ飬Ƿǳֵõġ
ʦͬ˵ϣûṩӦԴ


80 ²
һİĿոսˡӢڤ뷨
֪ľãֻÿʱľʱɫҺãľϵڣöžֵĹâΧ˺ܶࡣ
֮һʱ䣬öžֵĹâ޷ÿε޷ƵĸоƺһСڲͻ޴仯
˰ʿĽ̵һֱǿѹԼ֡
Ȼڲöžֵƺ˼ޣоԼľȴԽԽ
ϧʿѾ뿪ˣƶ޷絽ֻܰĽ̵ѹͻƵĸо
վϱˮʪˡ
ѹֽÿһζоǵʹѹƵʱԽʹҲڲϵǿ
ʹĵֿǿҲ޷ȫӦʹУʹÿĺˮϵҪࡣ
ܼң绹ûл𣿡ϴ߽ʱֻһͲʵ
ʿһֱ͵ģͽ̵ʱ䡣
Ϊʿ̵ĶϵĻ֪ʶʱ俨һԣҲ˺ܶѧϰᡣ
ʿûлҲûԣܼһ˻ش
üͷ΢壬ʿĹϵΪͬź󣬰ʿ̬ȴͬ
ʿͣǰܼһԣһʱӲ⡣
԰ʿʵټݣҲʲô鷳
һһ߼ӿòͣѧҵء
ĿǰѧϰĿγдͨ˵žҪȵľﵽһˮ׼󣬲ܹͨĸѧϰ
еĿγ̶ͨʿڲĽѧƵѧϰģ˵ľǿ󣬵ʱѧϰԻҪһʱ䡣
رǾԴӷ﷽ʽԼͨȫͬҪѧϰݸޱȵķӡ
ÿһ仰ܾÿһֶҪͨʹþʱٽǰ˼жֵ塣
ϵ뾫ϵļ϶ڿ̿ѧϰԡ
ھʿ밢ʿһʱĻ̵Լ˵Ĳڡ
ܶ׼Ϊʿˣǰѵ⣬Ҫһϵе֪ʶѧϰа˶ԡǡʷȷѧϰ
ЩǷȱģҪЩ֪ʶ
ͣվͻȻо˿˿Ķ⣬Ǵסլ⴫ġ
һе˾סլ⡣
ԴӰʦΪӺٲйָо
ָĻסլڹĻϡ
ڽֵվһˣλĵԱʵߴʮļɵʿ
ɵʿƺоͨſڵļأڹĻϵ߷·š
ܵɵʿĶ⣬ңװְҵս׵ĳ嶯
ǿѹָоҪٿ֮ǰʦĵӣԷô֡
뵽ʦкȻ˸Ĳ²⡣
ɵʿȻûֱץΪʵʾǶ԰ʦһơ
ѵǰʦˣа
˼֮ʱɵʿȥܿӼ֮ʧ
һɵʿѹĳ˰ʦǿʿ
رΪϵʿΣյĸ֪رǿɵʿ¶ܵ˼ȵΣٸС
׼صĻȴʿӰ֣ɵʿΪʿĵˡ
æߵǰʱʿѾ˴š
磬ղš׼ղɵʿ֮¸֪ʿȴʿִϡ
ȥᣬʦҪ㣡ʿ˵
ʱİʿûƽյºͣ鼫࣬˫֮лɼѪ˿
ãûжʣҲǳˡ
ʿһץסֱۣٶȶԣʵ̫ˣչٶŹ᷽ȥ
оԼ屻ʿţȫء
ʿ·һ仰û˵֮֮вܽٶȷչ£Ͼڷ磬ʩչٶˡ
ܿ칫ǰʱĹſڣʿţǰûйġ
빫ʮʿɫµæµţڵѹ֡
Щʿڿ˰ʿ󣬶ǹ񣬰ʿֻ΢΢ͷʹרͨ


81 
ڰʦ⣬վһĸߴ׳׳һֻɫǡ
Ƕ簢˹ʿ򵥵Ľܵ
ǵһμλʦĶӣ˹ʿ˵һλʮĸ߽ʿ
ʵһʱ䣬ҲֻʿʦĵӶ֮Ҳûлʶ
˹ʿǿ¶һ˿ůϵͷ
ʦڵ㣬ȥɣ˹ʿų˵
ʿûиŽȥվŵһߣ밢˹ʿһͬſڡ
߽˷䣬Ϥķһҩζ
ˣʦɳϣ΢Ц˵
ʦôˣȴǴһʵ
ʦݲ԰ףɲһλʮʦӦеɫ
ᶫƴܾˣҲûʲô󰭣ֻҪʱʦν˵
ɲΪ簢ʦ˵ôɣ԰ʦʵƲᣬ뵱ʱա
ˣҪչһʱ䣬㲻֮ˣҲƤ⣬뿪֮٣ȴԽ໷ĥ½ǣ档ʦ˵
ʦİţӦ
ӽǾԱɵʿ֣Կûȫֹͣץ
ʦûˣڵĻ˼չһʱ䣬ʱоһ
ͨʱ䣬˽⵽λʦʵȰʦҪǿһЩ
ԶԣֻҪ밢ʦֱӷͻжʱ
ɱ˹ս֮ʵ̫ˣ֮ǰ׷ҲֻΪ֮ܰʦֱӱ
ȥʰһ£ɰ뿪ʦ˵
ӷ߳ʿ˵ͷ򰢵˹ʿ˸ƣ뿪˹ᡣ
뿪֮ԴⲻõģʦѾΪȫźˣ㹻ɵ弶ġ
ҪúʦΪ˼㣬ѹסƾΪ˰ź㣡ʿ߱˵
ţһƬůǱ˹ĵĸо
һ磬ںϵǰģûκѡ
ʶ˼ѣڰʦ밢ʿо顣
Ҳ̫ģĵץ㣬δȥĵطʮְȫʵȥ󣬾޾ˣʿ˵
ֻ̫鷳ˣл˵
ֻ˵㾡ɳܹʦУʿ˵
ʿͻסլûͣ£ҪȥǱߡ
ջصң͵ˡ
ûչָ㡣Կ˵
ҹ㣬֪ʲô𣿹Ǳ߲磬ʮֵģҡͷʵ
Ҫ£ô޷磬µ˽ֹ硣
ʮֵģҪ֪Թ¶ͬӵ̬ȣ˵ġ
Ͳˣǳ£޹أҲҪ뿪֮ھǰˣ˵
û¾ͺãеĵһ㶼û٣Ҳûм׷ʡ
֪ģ׶Σõѡ֮ĻŨܶ࣬ٶȻ졣
ܹ뿪֮˵¼漰Ĳ棬ǿܹʵġ
ʲôܰæ𣿡ʵ
һ֣֮ͬһͬ˴֮Ĺϵܣ£ȻҪܹЩæ
ҳ֮ȡһⶫǧ˿˼һ£˵
ǰսƷ֮ǰǲҴ֮±׷鵽
Ҫ뿪֮һȥ֪ãǰѳܳʱǴطʱõģ˵ᱻķ֡
᳤ļֵΣ˵һѳ֣֮˵ͨⳤҵֱ֤ݡ
ھȥصĵͷ˵
˿һ꣬ת뿪Ҳû˼ѧϰˣڿȴš
ÿȥóЩðյġ
ΨһܹеˣԼ£ܶ뿪ֻ֮Ҫ뿪ͻᱻץ
ĿСʿлͼʿʿ㲻ϣֻǼϰʿ
ټǼ֮ͣԼķɳʮַ¡


82 
ҹҴһˣڿʱеĳӣɳһ
ⳤУ˿˹ս̵ʵ֤ʱǻ᲻ܲ˵ǿץ
һжģûоˣ֮Ҷöڵû˿ⶫ̫ˣȻȥϢһ뿪ˡ
ĳƷñ֪֪ܣԽ뿪
ųңõӾͿӲûб𿪹ļǺŻڡ
ԿûкĿʮַģ⵹ǲοǲÿС
򿪳ӣȡĳ
ѳļֵ֪ʮһͨʽҪ20ǱңѳԲʽֵȻߡ
ʻϻֻ20Ǳң⻹õĽһֱûʹá
ȻǱҶڵͼʿԣûʹõĻᣬֻнʿԴװŻҪʹǱ㡣
ְҵս𵴵ȫսֻƵУҪߵƷ࣬˻ϴ·Դ⣬Щװˡ
Ŀռ仹ܹ룬ǲ취ˡ
ڶ磬ֽһΪʱദľʱɫҺ壬õӰ쵽״̬
ûнУʮʱʿˡ
ʱѾҪߵһֻһֻС˿УΪͨ⴦סլȨޣ뿪󣬿ʱס
֪ļ᲻Ϊʦˣ뿪֮Щ£Ӱ쵽Կ̬ȣסլסÿܹ֮ȥ
Կʣ֮ʱ䲻̡
ⶫɲ٣ʿЩεĿž޴ҡͷ˵
ǲ̫ˣʵ
ְҵս޷ߣô弶֮ǰûԱ
û£ֻЩߵЩʿҡͷ˵
ӵĴСԲ²⵽еĶʲô
ǵҵ̨ףʿְ֪ҵսݣҲְ̨֪ҵս׾ɱʮʿװ
Яְҵս׵ԭټõԼķɴЯƷĿռ㹻
ڷ磬ˣʿһ¾ڷ磬޴ӷڷı˵
ְҵսף𵴵ǳڷûиоھڷ㲻ʲô
ʿڽֵнţûߵͨǴӵĹؿ֮
һ̨ɳ͵棬ʿ˷ɳɳڲС˾޴ڷ绹ࡣ
ʿŷɳȻٷ롣
ڷɳ뿪ӣ÷ɳ˴Űʿʻķɳ뿪ķ׷ȥ
ڷɳУʿļʻʮ֣ɳڷһʱ󣬾ֱ߿ա
֮ʱڷɳǰһСͷɴ֡
Сͷɴ͵ȴˣŶѾˡ
ɳź󣬲رգСͷɴ١
Сͷɴٶȳƴ㣬ڳ˴תͬʱСͷɴһ֡
׷ٶ÷ɳʧȥ˱׷ٷɳźţ֪뿪Ϣ̫ˣֱʿ뿪֮ʱյϢ
׷ʿɲףر󰢶ʿݣɳ׷ٵǰʿר÷ɴҪ׷پ޷ˡ
Ҫ֪ʿר÷ɴŲĿƼƼˮƽ˲ĹΧ
ڰȫˣʿСͷɴļʻңЦ˵
۲СͷɴͨϴԿСͷɴһ֣Ǵ֣ͿԿСͷɴĲ
Ҫ֪˵Сͷɴͷɴ󶼲װ֡
ΪҪ̫С޷֧ġ
СͷɴڲĲΪʻҳ˼ʻλֶٿصװ⣬Ĳͬ㡣
ԺǽӴлṺһСͷɴԼķɴҷɴҳΪ߽ʿʱʦҵ
ɴֻǲϵͳʹĿƼԶʦԼļɴǷԭ򣬰ʿԼķɴ
ʿȻԼķɴ˵ʮǫ飬һŵȴǼĽ
ӵһԼ̫շɴʱԼʻ棬ôңڡ


83 뿪
ˣɵʿµı棬ɫ˵
ôʱȥˣӦõȫ˵顣
޷е飬ɵʿֻܽһһ֤ɶ⣬ˡ
˵ɵʿĻŰٷ֮ʮİգĻ˰ٷ֮ʮ
ǰٷ֮ʮֻ֤ݣȱ֤֤ʵǴɱ˹սڵĴ̿͡
ԭֻҪһʱ䣬ĸ߲ͻֹֹͣĵ飬ʱʦˣĵת
ʿڲ鱨ԱҪ֪ȥ򣡡ɵʿ
ʿֲܾƵ֯Ͷ͸Ϊΰʦ˵Ϣڹڲǰ֪¡
Сͷɴʩ浹ʮȫ˼ʻ⣬һһ䷿䣬ʿסڿͷС
κҪʱ䣬ھϰ߲֮򻷾ʲô׵ңʿ
˵ͷȷʵû֮ľ
̫еĺУʱ޷жϣֻͨϵʱÿյ
ʱ䣬õһӪͣǰԹӪƣ֮Ӫ۴ӿζϻǲϣԶԶ
ֻǳһӪ;͸о˱һθתš
ʿҲͬԵӪͣСͷɴ޷ЯʳֵƳӪõѡ
ȻֻǰʿһˣǿԽڵĿͷʳֿ⡣
Լķ䣬ⷿļҾ߶ǿģҾʱоͿճ˼ƽ״СĿտ
ƲΪÿͷܹ䵱;Եʱֿ⣬ΪʿסͷʱĿռ䡣
ʼˡӢڤ뷨öžֹâϵǿѹƸľϵܵ
ֳʹͬʱҲڲϵľ
Ⱦ뿪֮ԾûӰ죬ЧȻԭеٶȡ
ûдԼ࣬˵ϵΪû״̬ûϽ
ڶ絽ʱ䣬ſʼ
һ״̬͸о˲ͬͨϵֵһ룬ָоܡ
Ƥ֮ʵõ˳
Դ͸Ƥ뼡⣬ͨضĶļ쵽ޣȻи졣
ĸòС켡ʱԼһˡ
ҪһЩʱָһĵͼʿʱϢһ죬Աļʱ޸
޸ʱ䣬ôܻ޷ƶ
֮ڣ֮ͨУ٣ʹ̵ˣȫһ֮޸
ʦ뿪֮һǱܿһҲΪڼ뿪֮򣬶Ӱ첻
ټ֮࣬ͨĻǿЧ˶߶Ӱ첢
ʦ֪ǣҲǱֵÿΣصˣÿʱദľʱӵɫҺͿȫõĻָ
һ֮ԸоЧļ
ʮɫҺָֽ˵ڶε
ʱ䣬ڷ⣬󲿷ʱ䶼ڼʻңʱѧϰʱ밢ʿ졣
ע⣬ҪԾˣʿ˵
ûҪϣðȫ̶á
ΪʿʿڽԾʱƺԼ塣
Ծǹ˽Уǣй©ֻʹ˽˷ɴʱʹãʿֽ˵
˵ͷȡԼƣĻʾԾ¡
֪ԾǷǳģر˽Ծ㡣
Ծ㲢ǲĹļӢ۹֧Ԯļ˵߼ԣǼļڲĹĶԶˡ
ԾпռԾΪҪĲԾ㡣
ҵԾ㣬ҪӦҪ޴Ĺ
˴ĶҲҪѧʹòԾ޷ֲʹԾ㣬޷̫֮нгƶĿ뷢չԣǼ


84 
ռԾڲĹԣҲֻѧʹã˵ȫգ޷¡
Ҳֻļſʼ˿ռԾ㼼ʹõԾ㼼ļԾ豸ɵġ
ٴνԾ㣬Ѿ弶ϵʿԼϵʿ
ռת֮䣬ܵǿǿĻ
˫֮й޷
ȴܹ֪ԵܹڿռԾʱһĻ
ռԾʱ䲢Сͷɴٴγ̫֮С
ֻоȻһأÿһܵⲿļѹּѹĽܷΧڡ
Ҳоѹûпʼ࣬ѹ³˳֯ĸɡ
ɿʻĻĻʾģûб仯ȻģһͼѾµͼ
ļȻͼûжоҲǿԼסĿǰĹΧڵͼţҲѧϰݡ
Ļϵͼʮİļ֮С
Ѿ˲ĹΧĿǰλڵͼʿʣЦŽܵ
ʲôǵͼ˲֪ʶͼ⻹ǵһ˵
ڴ֮УźܶЩ֮УΪĳδ֪Ӱ죬ʹƬҪһЩ
Ҳߵ󣬶ͨ˵ЩأЩΪ޷
ûͨ˵סʹø޷ռЩ򣬴ĸ߼ֳΪ
ǰĵͼһܵѹǶ¡
ûеģҪһʱӦı仯޷⴦ͼȥʿ͵
޷֮оȻصڣʿԣ򻹲ֻһкܶࡣ
Ҫ֪ԣ̫֮޷оģֻ֡
ģϵͳ̫оͻᴦʧ״̬
⴦ͼУͨҲ˵ֻҪЧ˫֡
ǻиǿ𣿡ʵ
ȻУмΪ屶ͼʿ޷ȥ߼ΪʮмʿҲ޷ʿش
ҲףȻųɱΪλҪΪʵ
ֻгɱôҲرһʲôԭĳãʮֺ档
ԭܼ򵥣󲿷ֵԴҪĻܳɳʿԴԴʿ˵һгԾɡ
ûټȥڶ˵о帺ɵļء
ҽ㼸ϰʿĳ˵
ʿָ˼嶯ͨ⼸嶯Сȵ˶ӿӦٶȡ
ϰ嶯оĸһ㣬ûôˡ
հʿԣŷǳǿӦԡ
ֻҪܹôһʱͻӦֱӰ½ͳ̶ȡ
Ҫݵļ֣ﵽ޾ͣȫӦټҲûʲôģʿѵ
ڵͼ˫£ʼ˵һε
ϵֵûб仯ͨһ㣬֮ʱԸо˼Ӵ˺ܶࡣ
ͬĶͨмֻ쵽£ѹ󣬵˫֮£ʱֽҪϵĸо
֮ʱǿʹдӼ촦Ըоˡ
˵ͬʱںٶҲӣںٶ֮ǰʱ˫
Ӧôٶȵǿ֮ڳƽ
ԵģĻָʱҲӵ֮˫ʱ൱
ûӰʿĻʹĳǷǳǿġ
ΪҪǣˣÿһεľʱɫҺ嶼屣״̬
һٷӵ޷վε˷ǳأγ˫޷ӦŻ
ڽžɫҺӯʱ䣬ɫҺתȫļʱھȫָ
ŵڶܵʹ½˺ܶ࣬رǾһ޸ļ죬Ӧ˫µ
󣬼ܵ˻ڿɳܷΧڡ


85 
ʱ䣬Ѿϰ˫ĻƽʱĻû˿Ӱ졣
ǰεĿĵأʿ˹˵
ϴ⣬Զһźǣһϵ
СͷɴļʻĻϣʾΧźǵеϱĿꡣ
Сͷɴܿӽһž󲿷ֶˮǵ򣬿ˮֻǴĳɷ⣬ʹˮֳɫԵøĹ졣
ǺˮǣǰɹʿֵģĿΪ˹һͼԴأʿܵ
Сͷɴ˴㣬һ콵ȥ
һֿ¶˿ɹСͷɴĶڡ
Сͷɴ붴ڣϷĶںϲ
ǵˣʿСͷɴرգ΢Ц˵
Ŵ򿪣ԼĶʿһֻһͬ˷ɴ
ʿǰ
һСͻأز󣬴ͣռ󣬾͵Ա߻һһЩĹ
ˮа˴أƽʱûʲôҩݶԿƻеģֻҪڳʱⷢ²ʡ
Ȼͼĳͻ࣬رǺˮʿᣬȻǹֻʿķֲƾһҲܹþʿ˼ɡ
Ϊĵͼҩݶʿᣬûʲôʿʿ߽߱ܵ
ĵʲôˣȴĺ壬ʲôȫ֮ء
ĹʿˮûرܣҲֻʿڲ֪⴦ټǴԾǻܣʿ֪ˮǣҪҲҪܾõĺС
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ıץԶȽ߱ҪصĶ࣬ʦѡҲΡ
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ˣҽĻ̸̳Ƶ˻صУҪúʱǿ֪ʶϵԺǴ򽻵ʱɲҪԷԶ޷⣡ʿ뿪ǰ˵
磬лллʿǵܵҲһֵĻ̳̣ɴԵȣ޷Ƚϵġ
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86 
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ʱҲʵõ˲СѾڽСӢĵ࣬һ弶ʿ


87 ׷
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սѧԺѧһȭӢǰ㲢û漰κεսɣˮǵĻУҲûжֿԶ
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սȭҪϺԺѪȭÿһʽЭõƿ塣
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һǵһ
ںˮİȫжǿ
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ſʿвҪԷͿˡ
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ټСͷɴ澭˸죬ʹõķ棬㹻Ĺ֧΢ͼڵ
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ʿεĿ˰ʿһۣʱ̼ſʿ
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ʿ̽ǺܶʿҪһΪ˷µԴǣһҪ̽еĻء
һЩԭʧȥ˵ĻأЩڻвԴ
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СĻĳʿڲ鷳ʹʿ޷ٱԼĻء
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ٵһƽ˻׵ĺģʱǾͿתͷſһսʿֵ


88 Ƚ
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΢ͼڶ׼ǰСͷɴȻֱӻǰСͷɴ׼Ƕϵͳ
ҲͬЩðգһСͷɴ棬ը̨ûĻ׺ܻܿᱻ𻵡
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ҲʱƵд˲ĹʿźţҪԶ˴
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89 ս
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⵹ģǿˣſʿҲȡһȭ״ϳص
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⴦СͲʿҪӶûеط
ſʿҲðʿأʿԭС֮оǸƽֻطġ
ðʿأõص԰ܿͿƽеĻס
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90 
ſʿǶʿһۣǱ˴֮˶꣬ͼĬ
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ʿصҲ߼ʿſʿò˶þͿԽʿ֮ǶʿϣʿǶ֡
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ʿԲһ㶣ȻװʿҪ취ףͬʱסλͬʿɼֲ˶á
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ڵŴ֮ʱȫĺëһɼΣոӿͷ
ȫӿ̹ǵıϢõܵĸϲһ㺮˪


91 ɱ
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ԣⲻǻף𵴵֮ʱʿȴǷӦ˹
ûд𵴵ϸӦǰĻ׸ĸоҲԡ
ʱҲʧȥܵĻᣬݵĿռ̫СܷӰ졣
ʿ˲˾ϣӶеĶ̽𵴵ӭȥ
Ȼ𵴵ûټ׺ֻܿӻôͲԼ޷Ӧ𵴵
սУѹһܹѹģֻиǿ
˵ʿҲãԿĻףԸλʮʿϣ
ھصԶֳɹˣֻҪǰػʿô鷳ͿԽ
ʿжǶԵģ𵴵ôǿҲֻиȼ̫ࡣ
𵴵иϲעʱȫһˡ
ʿûжϵսɣȫһڰʿƺ𵴵ȴĻһĻȡ
𵴵˰ʿĶְ̽ҵսҲס̽ϱӰ죬ʱڲᱻ١
ְҵսױΪ̫սƵģڸ볬¶мõķ
ʿܹ̽õͼʿֱıûвӦеЧ
ʿһؽе
ҲеܵµиӼ粿壬ǿû𵽶á
иƿ粿û˿ͣ٣ֱ࣬һΪ
ʱ򣬰ʿǣûк˵ػʿ˾ɱ
ԼòʮţΪòǻ˲ٵǱң
оеıɢ̹Ȼŵڵϵİʿ
ڶɱ֮оԼƺϰ˼ǰĸܣɱ¾Խˡ
Ȼϲָı䣬Ϊѡ
ֻΪ˻ȥ˵
𵴵رգջصżʿʬ塣
ȹעȻ̨ףְҵս׶ԱǰĻ׿׸ǿžС
׼Ƶ֮УȴԲһϸš
ϸߵһͷǰʿ䡣
ӰʿҳһֻСɵʾһЩ֣ʹõǴͨܹʶ
ֻԳɹǷûԵԻ׽ƽ⣿
СɵȻǰʿõƽƽڶԣֻʹ书ܣԭ޷⣬Ҳö֪еļ
ƽƽʱɵʽĲ
Ҫ֪ƽĹ߾Եеͼʿڼ۸ҲǷǳģֻͨǱ㡣
ʱĻ᲻еƽʲô׼ƽӵĻס
ǲԶ̾ƽģֻͨӲܹƽ⡣
ļļƾƽ޷ʱƽġ
ָƽϵͬⰴť滹еˣܹƽףҲ˸ǿսӦԡ
صĵƹͻȻһӦãûûһƬڡ
ƽʮְԵûԵȻǰٷ֮ٵĽãʹûһʧȥ˴ת
ƽ⹤Ҳ޷֣ļְҵսҲصѵѵҲֻǶˮƽ
ʰ˰ʿǰѶ̽̽Ľͬһ֣ġ桯
̽սֽ̽һԡ
ʿʬûĶ½עսϡ
ڰʿսλʿ֪
ſʿǶʿʿ˻أҲɼӿеĹ


92 ս
СϵĴƬٻʮʿɵƻսΧڵһжƷɡ
Ҳһ㣬ĻҲȫ𻵡
ûٿƻˣûܵӰĻҲֹͣ˶վԭء
ʿҧţ϶˼˺ۣٶȣ⼸˺κһ
ԭͲսκС֮УѵĿسߡ
ǰʿĹƻʿС֮еĵλἫΪȶ
»׷ûķݣӦĲҲ١
ʿͷԣоԼھΪ˰ս
ҪЩʿţٴμԼٶȡ
ſʿȭͷֱɨֱһڡ
ʿƺһ΢Ρ
ǶʿȻʱʮ־׼ҲӦǶʿſʿϵĬ
ʿг¾ȥҪסǶʿĹǶʿȭͷǿл˳ޣʿȡ
ʿһܹ֧֮ŵڣȫǲ˼ģͨǿٶȡ
ˣٶȴΪ½
ȻſʿĹŶһȭʿͷ­
ʱʿĳѾ޷ԮҲȱУͣ״̬
ʿͷһᣬͷ­ܿ˹ͷȴʵʵڵıſʿС
һ汻УֲĻʿڣеλô˿Ľζ
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ʿȥ֮ʱо󱳱Уֲ˳ź󱳵Ƥ뵽ڸഫͬսȼոС
㣡ſʿŭؽе
ͷջȭͷǶʿڸղ㼯׼ʿʱǶʿı͵Ϯһǡ
ſʿΪսѶ붼㼯ȭϣļûз
ŭҲûˣһıѾõ͵ϮǶʿνȫһ̶̵ʱ͸оʧ
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ҪԴ̫ѣе͵ǵĴҡ
ƽʱλʿԱǶʿ뷨Ҳ޷ʵ֡
첻ͬʿʧȥսſʿû˿վǰĻȥգһӶûгΪ߽ʿϣ
ſʿָǶʿһŭ˲񻯣ص¡
û뵽ʤߣʿǶʿĿ벻ʣſʿҲˡ
ǶʿС֮һֱͬſʿӰӣһжſʿ
Ƕʿͬ߰㣬صǡʱ¶һٻյʤ
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ʿһ˫ۿʼɢĿ⿴˻طصˤڵء
ǶʿûʰսЩҲû˻ãҪһʱȥһλһʿƽ˻ףʱ鷳
Ҳû뵽սֽⳡսڹʲô벶ȸں
Ƕصʿʵʿ֮ԴεĲп顣
ֻһʿҲѹûеġ
֮ǰȷʵɱʮʿղҲ˰ʿⲢζսʤǶʿʵ
رۿ˸ղŵսλʿо衣
Կ϶ǶʿֻҪְҵսףƾְҵս׵ķ޷


93 
ǶʿصڴûаʿƽԼİ취
ڴһȭȭâڴĺϽűһȭ俪¶µĵݿڡ
ͣ·Ƕʿû˿ɣֱ˵ݿڡ
ƿĻأǷǳϤģصĲͬ
һĻڲſѭϵͳеſɹĻд㣬ɴĳɷҲԱ֤ɹʿ档
ضõһϵͳһյĻرƻؾͻᷢ
⴦أΧڵܷűƿȴû˿Ӧ
Ƕʿ뵽ǰʿģҪСİʿ͵Ϯ
˫ڵݵĶϣؾǸ˰㡣
ϷڶܷŹرյԼ˸Ľ̬ƹ⼸ͬʱˡ
Ƕʿһ㶣ܿ췴ӦǻصԷӦˡ
֮ǰͨļأʧȥԵЭƣ޷лǶʿŻعҲ޷ٶǶʿء
Ƕʿһأ׷ɱʿΪ˻ء
⴦أصԻὫǶʿƻΪϱʿᡣ
±ս̬վڵ⣬ӸղǶʿнķ򣬺ܴԻ⴦ͨ
ս׼֮ʱصĸ豸ָ
ͬʱҲƽ֡
ùƽʾšƽɹ֤
ҲʱǰļػҲлǶʿǻָܻˡ
ѡһʹְҵսףʹ𵴵սʹ̨δ֪ףǶʿս
ֻԥһ˲˾
ǶʿصͻȻָӰƬּ̣֮ǰж
ͬ˺ֽһĽݶĺϽְҿϽְǰûκε赲á
ݣֵŹرš
΢ڵݵĵذϣһصѪڵݵܻԵˮ
ǶʿֽѪմ˵㣬ܵѪ⣬нʿѪ̺֤ʵһ㡣
ǰˣǡǶʿ˼ţĶС
ǰʿˣô˵˻űȰʿǿĴڣǰʿѪҲ˵ﲻֻаʿһнʿ
ݵڵйһнʿս
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ҲǶʿڵеһʱ䣬ʱ䲼öԼս
Ƕʿ㼯ȭ֮У˫ȭţȻ
ͨűⱩҵһȭֱӷɳ
ҪȥǶʿͫһڵֱ࣬վߴӰ
̨ף̨׵зֱһһ
ëȻĸоΣƤЩʹ
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ǶʿԲ²⵽ʱʿͬΣգ˵ʿѡӲӣڵСĿռ䷶ΧУ̨ͬʱǺܵġ
ʮʿľ䲻羫ϵʿǿʱҲͬʱǿʿ꣬ӦľҲõ
Ƕʿڶ̶̵ɲǣо˼жϡ
ѡ̨һ̨ʶǻõļףļ׵Уһ
ֻǴҴһۣͿԿ϶ԶȭףֻλʿɱȣƷǳߵ
ļײûʲôףǰҲû̺ǶʿҲûѡߡ
ԵģһߵĻǿֻͨ
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ʮðյģΪľܹļ׵
ǶʿжϴΪ˴ۣ۾¶
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Ϊ𵴵ԲǶʿ밢ʿΪ𵴵вһֶš
֮£жҲΪ޷ƿġ
ǶʿΪθԼĺײְҵսףҪļߣȥļףҪĽһߡ


94 
ǶʿȻúײһϲûװǼס
֮ǰʿ̵ʱ˵ϵҪнʿܷӳսټҲûʱϤס
Ƚ϶ԣԼְҵսףر޷ʹ𵴵Ψһ˺нʿķʽˡ
ʹףô𵴵Ҳûá
ԼսƷ콣ڳս̬ΪԻǶʿʹ
͵ϮԼȫûаնԸǶʿ
Ƕʿļףļû˿Ǽƻӿ
֪ԼϵˣǿǼвСķƻС
һľȻԼڵĻƺȥ
нʿԭ޷ͨķʽģǸ߽ʿӵе
һԣнʿҪԼ뿪壬֮ͨУﵽĹЧ
ͨĵı֮׾γ磬ѾнʿӦõļޡ
Ƕʿõķʽ൱ԱڵͨѹķʽǿƿԴﵽЧ
Ҳεѡ˲жϳĺ
ǰʿֻ߼ʿղսбֳսǲģɾսȴػʿɻɱˡ
˵ػʿӵлɱнʿ˵Ƕʿ״̬ں󱳶ػʿԼҪȫ¶
ڵɾ޴ƻȵļּ޷ʱָġ
Ҫָ͵
ִ֮£ԴﵽһϢĸ߽ʿЧ
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ⳡսûʲôɸ˵ģΪнʿȻһͼʿüıǱ˵ȥûʿȦˡ


95 
û˵ͬܵˣ鶼޷
оϢ뵽̫еƯ
괩Խ磬ʹ࣬ѵΪ
ǿҵĲڣҪкйԼ
һҰ޵˻ñƻ
гһĴۣƼӾˡ
ʱƺоʹǿҲʹľ˼Ĳȶ
ԭһֱѹֵľ˿ͬˮӿ֮ǰ赲ͻƵĵ̰ӣʧ
üľϵڣ񡢻ꡢǡ⡢־öžַĹâƺܵĳǣ㣬â໥һ
񡢻ꡢǡ⡢־öžΪǣγһâǵͼ
âͼĳ֣ľҲʵı仯
о綼֮ǰͬˣ۾˻˺Ѿ޷ʱȴġܵһС
ΪģʮеһУ֮С
ɢʮףΧھĸ֪۾
Ҫлл㣬ѶԱȵļ׵ļֵˣҾѶ˽㣡Ƕʿȫ콣˵
˵Ƕʿʱ޷콣ķƿƤ뼡⡣
Ƕʿж콣ΪƼ⻹͹콣
Ϊʽ봫ммÿһжһ޶ʿϵ֣ÿһдʿĴ档
콣ѾҪﵽм˾󲿷ֶ
Ƕʿ˵е콣ͻǲ죬жޡ
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ϵϵʱϵ̻Ϊһ֡
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оϵһգɱֵʿʱ̵ĸо
޷ݵٶȣж죬̾ͿԴﵽ졣
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ûʧһĻ֡
Լˣľȷʵ˸ʵȻûʱԣȴǿԾȡ
ڹĻ
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ֻ˴һԵĹгСĵ̧͵˻صڡ


96 
صǻӦеı׼ãУǵɨжϡ
֮ǸƣעȺõҩˮȫҩˮ֮С
ܵƷǳأǵЧá
ҪԭǶʿĻһֽ뵽ڣڳƻ塣
ܹҲǻֶ񻯳̶ȣںܿ˹ض
صֶҲˣûĽֶΣƻ
ûеģʱ䣬ֻҪһʱ䣬ȵʱڵľʱӼɫҺ壬ͿԻָˡ
Ϊԭһ߽ˣһþŹĻָԴսƺˡ
еʬ嶼Ҫб֮Ҫʿᡣ
Щʿƻ˻صĴȻҪʿһ
ʬϵװ˻صĴ
Ҳ˫ȭףһޣ֮ǰջ̽һ
ҲʼԵĴ޸СͷɴԲûȥӴصĻ޷ƶСͷɴô塣
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ϵʹ˵ڶ磬ʱ״̬ҡ
ƤݣҲ˺ܶ໵඼ܵ˻ʴ
ڵǴһϢ״̬ص豸ֻͨ뼲ʮʿ˺Ϊ
ƵĶӣɵĻ˯֮С
ʱദľʱڼɫҺ壬ɫҺ뵽ڡ
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ԼٶȻָţ۶ԿƤһ䣬¶ۼ
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Ѿн׾ϵʿˣȻ޷ľʱӣ֪ľʱʲôıн׾ϵʿ޷Ӱ쵽ľʱӡ
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ͨŽ뵽СͷɴڣСͷɴڲṹ밢ʿ˽˷ɴ࣬Сͷɴ;ƶµġ
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ҲֻмĺڻװߣŻĸװⲻĶǱҵ£ҪӦ


97 ϵ
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ƽӿڲʻλĽӿڣܹƽƽСͷɴϵͳķʽ
ȻܹСͷɴڲȻѡȫķʽ
ȨޣӺƽʾһͨ
ûгɣԼ뵽СͷɴϵͳԺСͷɴˡ
ԺСͷɴΪţЩ˷ܵ
Ȼû˿Ƿǳʽš
ӹţֶķʽʻ뿪档
ְҵսѵսϼʻ˵Сͷɴˡ
Сͷɴװ΢ͼڣҲֻǿװɴľսɴкܴĲࡣ
ʻСͷɴţһʼе裬ھʱӦͱ
ʻںϷһʱ䣬ܹӵ˽˷ɴɸкŽ¼ʻػϷ
Ͻץ·Ļ˽ץ̶Сͷɴϣ淢𻵵Сͷɴ𣬷ŵ˺߲Ӱλá
СͷɴûصԶû
ֻнСͷɴɴܽ
ɲ֪ڵͼڣзɴ׼ϵʿɰʿСͷɴԼľʬ塣
սСͷɴߣԾͰŻ˿ʼ
ʻţɵ˻ϷԽ·ķɴͨڴ򿪡
Ż뵽ڣͣȺԷɻصά޻˶Žм顣
Ȼ޷޷ɴܹġ
ҲҪžһʱ׷ټʹ΢ͼڹķǳ
˵ڲǰ˵Ʒ
ЩƷûʲôмֵģſʿǶʿ˽Ʒ
ǳģȻʲôƷ
׶ʿʻŷɳںϷţʿںˮǵפʿ֮һ
һλļʿҲֻеͼʿŻںˮִûΣգҲ͵
Сͷɴ໥׷ţŻء
׶ʿʵǳŻصǰŻΪػģǰյ˹ָŻزҪػ
֧ı겢û˼٣ǹָвŻأȥˡ
ںˮԭֻͼʿ˰׶ʿ⣬һλͼʿǸĬԵˣð׶ʿҪ춼޷
˯ʱСͷɴŻ֮£ŴʹǰŻ̽Ĵ㡣
׶ʿ򹫻ͣ˵ΪֱڶԺǰŻأҪΪС
ǵģΪСļʿܹӵ񲢲٣ˮֵط
ںˮִʿΣС֮һ
ЩΣСԸߵҲܹӵĵġ
Żؾǰۿɼ֮£׶ʿһСͷɴͣŻصıԵ
ٿһ㣬Ĵ
ʿİ׶ʿŻǷ׶ʿûн·ɳɳͣŻصԶͨѶΧԱͨѶǱ⣬뿪
ź׼ϢԴϢ
ͬʱҲ˼صĿӻ棬һػڷɳͬһʽķɳԶĿС
ʿʿŻһԥһ£ǻظ
뱩¶Լ֮£ظԷԷĻɣټϴ𻵣ͣһԵСͷɴƶԷпܽߡ
ʱ鷳Էݡ
ҵ֤Ҫݽ֤׶ʿû˵֣ˮǵϢǳҪ
ͨĻյ˰׶ʿ֤֤ʿļ֤
Ļʾ׶ʿΪʿԱҲԼʿ֤˳ȥ
һ߰׶ʿյ֤ɳԴĽҲ֤ʵݡ
ʿʲô鷳ʧ𣿡׶ʿʵ
ãʧ׼ϱʿصսش
ûʲôȻˣǱ߻飬ٹ׶ʿǷǳСĵģûŻأ׼ٴϼ죬ǰŻ档
˼ʱ䣬ʿڻڻУҲͣ


98 ͨѶ
׶ʿԼĻأԽԽԾ
ΪλһСͷɴͣŻأСͷɴļֵɲͣû˻ᶪġ
ʿŻսʤһҲսƷ
뵽׶ʿͨѶУ˵ľʿѲѯظ
ȻͨѶʵʱģʱ䣬ҪٵʱŻһרռͼϢתزĹ
׶ʿ֪ʲôĺ
֪ͬˮϵʿԱ򽻵ᱻԷϢݳȥ
ҲʹͨѶ﷢򰢶ʿ˹ȥʿ԰ʿרͨѶͨ
ֻҪʿû뿪ͨѶΧڲĹķΧͿڼյϢ
˿ʱǲ鿴һְҵս׵
ְҵսǱ棬ڲһ㣬Ѿûά޵ļֵ
˵ˣǴӾȡְҵս׵ľϣĹûм˿Զְҵս׽дޡ
оЩԲϲϲɱְҵս͸ȴ״
ְҵս𻵵ûԽк͵ϣ׼ְҵս׵ĲкԼסլС
һǳмƷְҵս׳ɹɱ˶λнʿ
𻵳Ҳ׼
ְҵսȣ𵴵ܵС˺ܶ࣬Ϊ𵴵ڸӵ״̬ƻһ֡
ְҵս׶ˣ𵴵Ҳʧȥá
𵴵ְҵս׵ʧȥְҵսṩ𵴵ܷӳá
𵴵ҲߣеղƷ
Ŀ⿴ļĻף֮ܰʿ̵ʱס
ȻʿʱҪؽܾϵףἰʱһУҲ֪ܹʿʵ
ʿʵǱȽĴСǿ
׿ͨļʹʿЧǿʵǿԡ
ǰһ̨ļס
𿴲Ĺܵ߼Ӣ۹ӻģڳ˼ĿƼ⣬ĹʵƼˮƽǶĳ̶ȡ
Ӣ۹ֻṩʿصİƼİֻܹòĹ棬ûرǿĿƼṩĹ
ļ֮ȼʵҪ˵ȼһȼرĲࡣ
нʿҵļ׺ķΪΪһļףһ֧СӻɱͿԿļ׵ļֵ
սʱûвļףڿʱϤļס
ֻϣܹٿļףΪְҵս׵٣ʧȥнʿԿĳֶΡ
뱩¶ϵ̵ǰ£ûܹ˺нʿ
ܲÿսʱܵڡ
̨ļͱʿƽɹԼȨ޴ԭ˵Ȩޡ
װػף
ʹõǴͨҲļʹõһԡ
һװֻҪرĳƵģһͨֻܼͨݴˡ
ļ
оⱻĽӴֻһϢʱ䣬ȫͱΧ
һַǳϤĸоļ׵ĲݷʽְҵսЩƣ뾫ʹòںϣͬԼһ㡣
ֻļ׸ʵиǿңԸоڿյ΢ڻױš
ָоʮͬĸ֪ǿ౶һ㡣
ְҵսļ׵ƣֻɣ˵߼ӢǰѾ˽Ӵ
ôְܻҵս׼Ƶƣرְҵս׵ĲҪ̣Եơ
ƳƷȻѰʵĲߡ
Щ¶ʷɢлɣȴҲûа취֤ʲôˡ
ǰһᣬᵽо
̨ļױͳİٹܵĴҲһٹ
ļ󣬾ȫĳּˡ
ֶ˼ûƣܹͬٶĸ졣


99 
ļףŻ׵Ĺܡ
ļȷʵְҵսǿϺܶ࣬ûзʵĸı䡣
ٶȵľ޴ͨսԣǼǿˡ
ʶʿսʿ֮սǵƴٶȣʿ֮ʤǿ
ϧԼ弶ϵʿڲû棬˵뵽֮С
޷Գļ׵ս𵴵޷ʹãҲ˶ȱ֮𵴵ʢҲͬΪ޷ֻܿá
̾һ
ԭļ״Ѿ𻵵ְҵսףӵлɱнʿĹ
ʱ޷ʵֵˣֻеܹнϵʿܹƿļס
װ
ļʼ룬βûмԻչ״̬ڣ󣬲ϵţձһֻС
Ժ־ͽսףļ˵
ĵڶ̨ףְҵսѾٻΪ˼ְҵսס
ļڲϵͳתּ¼ݿ⡣
ļ׷ڣԶԣ֮УҲֻΪȫĵط
ΪҪȨ޲֮ܿǰſʿǶʿرСͷɴĲţôҪСͷɴΪпɲס
ǿƽҲˡ
Сͷɴܹε󲿷ֵⲿźţҪСͷɴⲿƽȨޣҪʱǳ
ôʱУСͷɴ˷㹻˷ء
źսףصҪһľ
˵Ƶڼ䣬ʹùٿعĻָӻԣʱܴأû˼оԼľ
ϵʿڲĹ֮࣬ҲԲ̫١
ľϵʿεĵλ
ͬΪнʿϵʿѾӵ˾ѹƵͼʿʵһ̶϶Կнʿ
ϵʿͬн׾ϵʿľԶнϵʿʲô˺ԵͼϵʿĹЧҲ롣
֪һģҪ֪Լľܹһ
ϵʿ弶֮弶ľӰʵľȴԸʵ
þŽһԵ̽̽һʮɵľ;
ſ̽ͬϵ̷ʱȻ̽ȷʵܹٶֻܶԸͨˡ
ҡҡͷ̽ȣڹעЧ
ǽ̽ٶǿϵͬٶȣҲ޷ӳϵ̵Ĺ
ֳ˸صƷεʵ飬ó˽ۣĿǰܹþΪ幫
ڡӢڤ뷨֮Уûн׾ϵĹֶΣƺӢ۹ԣн׾ϵֻһصĹȡ
֮ǿͨʿڲϵͳȥн׾ϵʿн׾ϵĹֶΡ
뵽ڿ˷ɴϰɱĵʿһн׾ϵʿ
ʱʿڶþϵ֮ǰʹ˾ƵֶΣԿ϶һн׾ϵʽ
֪ǲھ˼ĳʱ˼ɢ
ʱ˼žʱ뵽ָʦʮϵİʿ
ʿƶʽʱܵ˾ţʿľԾһǼ侪˵ġ
ʿʹƶʽΪֶΣҲ˵ƶʽʱǲҪʲôġ
ֻһ㣬Ϳн׾ϵʿ߽׾ϵʿĲ࣬˵н׾ϵʿûʲôֶΡ
н׾ϵʿһǴΪн׾ϵʿԸо˴Ե˼ٶȷɿ졣
սûжս֮УսӦ봦ڻķս̬ƵĹ۲ȵȣı仯
رͬʱϵʿǿľĺôÿһεս֮С
Ŀǰս޷γսǰ£мϵƾϵ̳ΪΨһƿнʿ
Ժ֮УҪһϤϵϰĸΪ졣


100 ӯ
ϵĲĹʱ䣬Ӣڤ뷨ʱ䣬ʼ˽ϵʿĵһ
Ǳżϣģϣദľʱӡ
Ӿϵһ弶ֻʱ䣬ÿһľʱڶ㹻ھϵڻƹžַš
۾У⴦صҴС֮еĵңֻӲҲϺܶࡣ
Ӣڤ뷨ĵͨڤžֵһž֣ʹùžܹԻھϵ֮⡣
ڤḶ́ĸþǲ
㵽ʮ㣬Ҫ񡢻ꡢǡ⡢־žȫھϵⲿԻ
ҪﵽžⲿԻҪùž㹻ˮĥĹžϵʿҲҪʱܹһ׶Ρ
ͨľϵʿԶĿһ׶Ρ
ֹžֵⲿԻǿ޾Ϳ⻹Ҫ㹻ľ츳֧š
ǰչžֵĴģҲǡӢڤ뷨ġ
ֻЩܾʱ䶼޷žֵʿŻȥĹž֡
մž֣ʹͻн׾ϵڡӢڤ뷨˵
ֻҪʵûа취ľϵʿܴĴ
ԡžڤ룬ϵ֮еġ񡯹žֿʼϷŴ
񡯹žַŴֵ֮֡ÿһʻϸСĵɣЩŴÿһ㶼һͼ
ϵڵġþƵģɲ֪ԭֻ˵ĸӣȹžֱ
֪ʱľʱ֮ʱľϵҲ˾޴ı仯
񡢻ꡢǡ⡢־γɵâǣ˴򣬴ӶöžתΪ˹֡
оϵĹؼڣ־ϵھϵڻƵͼͬŲͬЧá
еľϵͬһĿģǾھϵγɹ֡
ͨͼƱȫͬʵϹ̺ŴĹֱֹйء
Ҫڤġ֣֮ǰƳġ֣ǹ֡񡯡
о˿ֲѹ־ϵʿҪһҪܾõʱ䡣
֮ǰ̫⣬Ҫ֪ϵʿľǿ˼άҲͬǿӦٶȼŶԡ
ڤҪϵʹþơ֣ڷƵĹУֻ᲻ϵһ׼ʱʹﵽԻ
һ֡񡯣ҪƳС㣬ЩСȫǸСͼɡ
ľӣԡÿһСͼƣӵһСͼƿʼ˵һεĻơ
ЩĵǣڻƹУĻٶȼ죬ԾĲٿˮƽÿһ붼ԻСͼơ
һʱԾĲٿˮƽţСͼƵٶҲڲϵ
Ҳ޷жϳԼٶȣֻ־ˮƽƿ֮󣬲ܹжϳٶȡ
ദľˮʱֱӲľġ
Ĳ٣н׾ΪܵӰ졣
ΨһԼģľˮƽľˮƽԽǿÿһڤƵСͼƾԽࡣ
۾һεֻ֡񡯵İٷ֮һˡ
ӣ֪εɹʱȴֹ֡СԭˣղžڤƵЧʧ
һЧʧһΰˡ
֪Լľʱ־һ㣬ȻĲ࣬Թǣһξʱʹڤٶӡ
ټǿӵĶԾƵȣһδĻ֮£һܹһԽڤƳɹ
ʱŷ֣ʵϵľѶȱ֮ǰжϵľѶҪ౶
̶ֳȵҲѹֻþ󲿷ֵн׾ϵʿһڴˡ
ȻѶȲֻڴˣ⣬ľϵʿҪøҩԼľ
н׾ϵʿԴǳϡ٣ҲǺܶྫϵʿоΪ񣬾ΪܹӦԴ
ȫÿǵľĵʽκξϵʿζġ


101 
ڶ磬Ӣʱ䣬Ѿͣεڿˡ
ϵ֣еײ壬͸Ƥ뵽ڸ
࣬ȻִʱྐྵȻӯĸо
԰ٷ֮ٵĿ϶֮ǰĽֻǿ쵽жΣӯ״̬вٵĲࡣ
ЩŵĽ࣬ദϢȷ˸ܵȷ
֪ΪﵽˡӢ۷壬ǰ˽
֮ǰôֻĳ˵ı仯
ܹӰ쵽ģҲֻǶʿĻ͸壬ȫܵ˻ʴͬܵ˻ʴ
ദľʱɫҺ壬ʴ
ʵҲǶʿĻʴ࣬Բ
Ȼʿ޷ƵģʮʿĻĽڣҲ弶ʿܹġ
ʮʿĻȫ͸ĳ̶ֳ൱һָ죬ָֻǿнеģż𺦡
ûλʿַʽӿĽȣĺ
౻ǶʿĻȫ͸ľʱڵɫҺһȫķʽǿн壬Ҳࡣ
ʹͬڱһ飬Ȼָ췽ʽֱЧǷǳģֱʹﵽԲ
弶ϵʿϵʿؿʿԣѶǲͬġ
ͨʵϵʿһҲ޷ͻƣʼѵϵʿһؿ㲻ʲô
Լﵽ۷Ϳʼų
ȫƤ⡢඼ʼйɵ𶯣ͬʱҲڲϵӿڡ
ЩƤ⡢֮䴩ţҪɽڵ
ֻ𵴺ִ壬ɢڿС
ģȫָԣڵҲ𶯲ĴҴܣĶ괦㼯
Ķ괦ϵֵλá
һϵ֣оԼϵƺһ㡣
ͬһͨ˳ͨϵӿ롣
оԼϵ󣬾ڲϵš
һٷӺͣ뵽ϵ֮С
ϵȻڶ괦֪ûʲô֮ϵڲȴǱǰ֪˶ٱ
ϵֵڲһƵƯš
ݰʿָԼӢļأ⣬Ӧϵʿˡ
ֻֻܹϵڲЩЩƻ١
ϵ괦ϵ֣оϵڵЩȫͬ
ϵڵĳϵȫĵ
ӢʱڵֻܴԵҪȷĿǲġ
ͬΪͬһΪҰģһΪġ
һϵһӿ֣һɫоԼ
֣֮зһ죬ץ֮ʱѹ
һºϽǽڣһƵϽǽϳһӡ
а֮ǰҪƻϽǽҲǿģҪȫֻƮƮĻͿĹȫܵġ
źϽǽϵӡһ˿ľϵ
ϧľϵƻ͵ģʹúϽǽڼûܵľʵ˺һӡȫɵġ
Žľϵ㼯ƤϣԼԸоƤķõ˼ǿ
ڼӺ޷ٲԼˡ
Ϊϵڲȫһա
ϵڲĿУܣ屻Ϳһ㡣
Ժܽȫĸɾܽ
ʵҲܹϵڵһգʵŽһζϵֵ䣬ڲͼ١
ʮֵˣദľʱеɫҺһγůӿȫϵָֻ˿
ֿʼһֵϵϵڲ


102 鱨
ͼ̫УһҼٵ̫շɴںš
̫շɴרΪٶȵĸװʹõĸ߹档
̫շɴϣһԵʿ־
ʹ̫շɴûװ˿̫Ҳסκα֮ˡ
ȻڵͼʿǶף̫շɴû˿ļֵͼڶ̫շɴִͬ
̫շɴڵʲǽɢصͨѶϢȻͻظԵ
̫շɴҪֹֻͣҪӽһΧͿԶռӦϢ
ʿ̫շɴӺˮԶɹˮͨѶĻԶ̫е̫շɴ˼Ϣ
̫շɴЯźˮǵͨѶϢ̫գڵͼֺ̫շɴԾ㡣
ٴγʱ̫շɴѾڲĹΧ̫շɴͨмվЯͨѶϢ
֮ʿܲͨѶϢ빫ԡ
аʿͨѶϢʿᣬڶڲĹΧûյϵϢ
ʿΪıܣûί˴ص
Ҳû뵽ΪʦʦǰȥΪʦһҩӶ˽Ϣ
ʿûнӵϢںˮǰ׶ʿϢȴɹݵˡ
ѷʿʱڲæڰʦˣʿ͵˺ܶࡣ
׼ȥһͨճȴΪĵ֡
Ŀ⿴Զһʿ񷢲Աѯʲô
ѷʿɫǱƶ˼ΪľǸǱߵĽ̸
ˮǵԱȷûʿ𣿡ǹʿʵ
ѾȷˣûʿȡˮϢԱʮֿ϶Ļش
ôܣǱߵ˵ʿʿҡͷ˵
ʿǺˮλ׶ʿĺѣ׶ʿѯ¹ϢⱾǰ׶ʿΪ⹫ʿȴˡ
Ϊ⹫ʿ֪ݣǻ᳤ʦĵӣ漰ȻС¡
⹫ʿŻصǰ񷢲ѯʣԱ׶ʿظʵϢ
ѷʿˣ΢ǹһ˿Ц⡣
Ǳ߷鱨񣬱ǳߣǰʦĵӣҲҺҴ
ʱַͨʽѷʿһֱûеõ˿İϢû뵽ȴջ
Ҳû˼ȡˣת뿪
֮ˮǵ鱨͵˾ɵʿС
뿭˹ս¼Ѿȥ˰ʱ䣬ر鲢ûнɢɵʿҲһֱŵĹ
˰ϸµ飬ɵʿ԰ٷ֮ٿ϶ǴδɱΪ
ɵʿһ뱨ϱҪǰͼץҪϷͬ⡣
ͼѾ˲Ĺжǳ߽ж
ϲĻظǳ죬ɵʿŻظݣ¶һ˿֮ɫ
ݻظ֮УϲɵʿҪٲץ񣬴ɾС
СȫнʿɣרΪִ
СִҪԷɸȫһ֧Ϊֶε֯ɳ簵ɱܵȵ
˽СӵˣԾСӶûʲôøС
ɵʿͷǳ˽ⰵСӣҲΪξϲ˾
ΪҪɱ˹սڣԭɵʿص㡣
ʱĵɻûбʦٴμܣټר߷˵Ƿ뼸λнӴľ̸
ɵʿݵܣǰְҵս̫Ưű֡
鱨棬ȴȷ֤ʵֻжʮꡣ
ɵʿͨ飬֪˿˹սڽŵоĿ꣬ӳ
󣬿˹սڵ֪Ĵں󣬻ô뷨
˹սڲ뷨жֻǶжʧˡ
ɵʿֵıϱ˾ϲ㣬ϲҲĳܣ򲻻Ļظ
ֻϣҪǳ鷳츳ʵ̫ˣѣһȷѪ꣡ɵʿ
ܹԶִѵԴʿ󣬾Զ˲ŵʿ档
Դ˵ķʽ˵ļ򵥴ֱòɵʿġ


103 ݷ
ľϵϵ˸Ľ׶Ρ
ÿ춼ԸоԼıǿȻȻֻ̽뾶ʮ׵ķΧʵȴڲϵš
ϵԣϵʿӵ˵ٶ϶õ˳Ľ
ֽÿĹ̶ϼٶȣǰȫԳ֮Ϊˡ
ָоƺϵʿ̬ͨദȫͬĲ档
ͬʱҲˣΪ˵ϵʿֻен׺󣬲ʿ
ϵڵԽԽܹ࣬ҲţÿʹʱҲӳ
һʱ䣬֮ϰս⣬ϰ
ļУְҵսѵʱѧϰȱʹãذ⣬ֻͨ
Ҫԭڣǰս֮Уû˻ʹ󳤽˵õˡ
޳ⲻΪʿռıΪóذ볤ʹһϵذӦڳϡ
ϴսȥ˰£ڹĻǰѧϰһµʱ˾
ԾƽֺȨ޵õ˼Ȩڻﴦһ
ΪʿʲҪеĹȨȡ
򿪼أϤķɳϴιݷòûнصİ׶ʿ
ʿǰ׶Ҵ˵þ׶ʿЩͨѶƵ˵
׶ʿ֮Ի˿Ϊյ˺ѷϢ
ϢظʱЩҲΪŻصİȫʣŻô֮ʽݷá
֪ǹ᳤ʦĵӣƾһ㣬ͽһ
밢ʦĵͬһ׶ʿúᣬоԲԼ
Լصĺþƣݷھӡ
׶ʿӭر˹ĻϵѧϰƵһʱĶҲо˹µйʿݷãҲǻӭ
˻ͨţߵݴӭӰ׶ʿ
ʮʱȥˣԭƻĻͨ޸ˣҲսĺۼ
ûð׶ʿɳͣصĻ⣬ͣŵСͷɴð׶ʿ
׶ʿʻķɳ󣬵ǿֱͣڻ֮ͨ⣬Ӱ쵽
Ŵ򿪣׶ʿƿϴ΢Ц
׶ʿܴûбֳôǫԼȫ֪ݣദ׽ӽӶΪѡ
׶ʿЦ˵
ʿ㰲ȫ£Ҳˣ׶ʿƺʮǰֱ뿪û˿ж֮¡
Ҳûں׶ʿ̬ȵĸı䣬ֻһͨʿ
Ҳû뽫׶ʿԼĺѣͨѶᡣ
ллĹģһ߻Ӧһ߽׶ʿӭ˴
ԱߵСͷɴ׼δ׶ʿºʵ
ڷɳϿСͷɴȻڻԵĽʯϰڷţҪСͷɴ
׶ʿȻֻļڵͼʱҲܾˣҲʶһЩ
ҪͨСͷɴ֣һԽùϵһͨ»һ档
СͷɴҪϱᣬδش
ʿСͷɴ㷢ֵģ˽вƲ᲻˽вƲȨСͷɴ𻵵ģֵҲǷǳɹ۵ġ
԰Сͷɴ֪Ƿͬ⣿׶ʿȰ
׶ʿȻа취Сͷɴɣ۵Եðٷ֮ʮν˵
˵ٷ֮ʮнãұ˴ҲҪ֧ٷ֮ʮ
ʿô˵ǿˣ׶ʿȻõٷ֮ʮͷȴ˵
˵ʵСͷɴ˵ʲôҲе
˵Ͳͬˣͱһף׶ʿɲôġ
ЩĿŰ׶ʿû뵽׶ʿô˵
ľ֪УⰣ׶ʿƱֵϣĻὫ׶ʿɿɽˡ
ֻ֪ǵͼʿİ׶ʿľ񲨶Ӷ԰׶ʿһЩΪжϡ


104 ץ
׶ʿǳ˷ܣоԼĹϵ˼Ľչ
ںȾ֮ʱ
ˮǵĸؿɲṩˮںˮǾˮǵʿҪԼ
ַʽס
ǹҪ뿪פصĻأڼһس£ôפҪ֣ͲıҲ½
⣬ԼЯƷ޵ģÿһλͼʿ˽˷ɴͣʿĽͷɴǲЯƷġ
˵ˮںˮǾݳƷ˵ݳƷ
׶ʿƿƣǶʿ΢ĸ߶Ⱦƣ־Ʋ͵ļֵǱļֵҲǼߡ
һ˵԰׶ʿľʿľܹһƿ
㣬һһƿúʡ
û뵽ǣϲȾƣرͶԾֿӰ쾫Ʒ޷ˡ
ڲϣÿһζǳֹ
׶ʿȻҲˣҲܹ⣬ʿϲֶġ
ټϰ׶ʿǸˣʶǱбִл档
ЩεȾƾЩղסˣܿƿо󲿷ֶĶС
ڰ׶ʿľƷֱӻ˯ȥûΪ
ЩЦĿŰ׶ʿûɻ˽׶ʿȥϢ
ʱҪˣҡ
㼯ԼϵʱͻȻһļ¸С
ǿֹͣԼڳΪϵʿʱֹ
ԣʲô쳣𣿡ʵ
ϵ豸ⷽʱҲ֪淢¡
һλԲûлӦһǳˡ
ԲܾܾӦһȨˣڻûлӦҪôҵ豸⣬Ҫôǻܵ˸š
ҵ豸޹豸⣬ͿԷ
ܵţǾζ֡
뵽ܣвһԷܹϢĸŻԣܿܶԷѾ˻ء
Сĵߵҵǰ̽ûϢ
СȲȡ̽̽ǰְҵսذף̽ĳȫԽ䵱ذʹá
ҲЯı콣ЩʱӰ쵽ʩչ
رǽհ׶ʿݷãǰû˽ȫ͵ϡ
ʱҪľǰ⣬װսףս׺ԿܵΣա
ԼŻرԼĺְҵսļɡ
״̬Ȼܳãȴᱻ׸֪
Ҫ֪һЩˣһΧز
ҵֻףһþ֪̽һýżŵǰƶš
ϢУ˴⣬ûţתǾͿԿ
ѾԿ϶нˣΪ˶Ų
ЩŲģҲԴӽŲŲĳء
ʿܵĲϸ죬ٶͬʱҲڲϵš
ټϵͼڵ˫ʹʿҲ˫
ֻҪǳڵʿڶʱڶ޷ϰ˫ͻ֮ʱ¶һ˿г
ĽŲͿжϳǴģڵʿ
Ҳ˵һмƻԤıϮͬһһ⡣
ӳĿ꣡һ̽ʿ˵
ô£ӦñּĬ𣿡ӳʵ
ӳ㿴Ŀ״̬Ȼˣ̽ʿεָָһԴ򿪵ķ˵
ӳҲ˹ȥڳ˯İ׶ʿ
ǾܣΪ׽ˮŻصĵͼʿ
Ŀû֣ûӰ
ľ߲Ҳ뵽ŻػеڶʿһŻϢ
Ҳǰ׶ʿԼùϢųȥӦԼϡ
׷ô๤ץ룡ӳ׶ʿ״̬Ҳҡͷ˵
Ϊ֧Сӳʮнʿɸ߽ʿĶӳ죬ΪûʿںˮǵԾ㣬ǴһԾֺ˶ղǵˮǡ
Ϸ߼ģӳȻҲΪӵģΪץһͼʿսΧһλ߽ʿˡ
û뵽ô˳ĿǲûУͱǵ֣ȫûгɾ͸С


105 
˴еĶԻһЩʿԲΪ˶Ը׶ʿ
׶ʿĵֻһ⣬ڻذʱ׶ʿǵһνأʱһڻء
ЩʿĿ겻˵ˣһ
ͬʱҲ֪ǶӳϢǿһ߽ʿ
ڵѾϵʿԼϵʿϵս߽ʿԶλԼټܹġ
ټְҵսؼɣǰΣٲΪСĵӦԣŻûбЩʿ֡
ȻҪлĻǰ׶ʿڰ׶ʿЩרҵľʿûжչ
ʿ׼ʱͷ˰׶ʿΪĿꡣ
Ǳ߶ӳΪ˰ٷ֮ԴŲʿ뵽ץ׶ʿ
ľʿǼԻչһʿ⻹ʿŻķȥˡ
жžƣ߽ʿ뷿䣬Ƿľ벢̫Զ
λñһ޷ӹǸ߽ʿĸӦ˵߽ʿˣнʿҲᷢս
ֲʱ䣬ȹнʿٶ֣ɲұ֤ǰнʿ᲻ǿƿŷɴ
ҪƽŷɴİȫϵͳҪʱ䣬нʿɴ𻵣ǿƿǻǷǳɵġ
ˮٲȫε鷳Ҳںˮϡ
뿪ˮǵı֤һܳ⡣
һϵ̴ӱзɳǽ֮ϣλǴתǣǽڴӴ޷ġ
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ػеˣע⣬ɱСߣҳӳɫѿĳ
µнʿȫǴӾʿоѡģСӵܴ󣬵Ҫ˲ס
Сִеܶ඼ģҪСӳԱӵмǿ̬ʿ޷ܰСӵ·
ӳ˵ѾʧԭأСߵʿʱλá
ӳվСߵʬǰͷ­ϵ˿ڣɵһ
СߵλԶôľУǱ͵ϮҲӦӦ
С߱ͷȴûзκźţôľ֮£ֻҪСߵֲͿԸ֪
βûӰڽʱͿʿ׼ӽţһʿгһѳϹע
öҲ֪ʿҪǿƿš
ҲȻǰ֮ʱʿҲյڶӳϢһ㶡
һ֮䣬Ѿӽ׵ľ롣
ʿûյӳľ棬ܹǰĽӽʱʵ̫ɺϣǲ鿴ӳĽϢڹؼʱ˽ӽĻᡣ


106 
սһ˲䱬ˣнʿľ粻ͣǰˡżʿ
ȻףǻǼʱرλгųʿֱӾһ
ڽ֮ϣŵĻƻɫâ
ֻоԼ΢΢һƻɫȻٶ½һ㡣
Ӣ߼ʱ¶䳬á
ȷʵӢľϵЧϣԹŹмʱȴŶԵӡ
ڸоƻɫӰ쵽ʱϵ΢΢һһӿתȫоȫһᣬƻɫĽЧʧ
һнʿ˫һ룬˫֮ϳһȭס
ûȥȭ׵нʿһʹнʿ
ʱѾȷЩʿݣսϰԵսһӦְҵ˵ݡ
ûηнʿ֣ûгΪнʿ֮ǰͻɱʮʿҲͬΪͬʿʹЩ࣬ܵнʿѹƣս
Ϊְҵսһ㶼ս
ûʱӣҪнʿԼսΡ
ʹнʿһգгתɨ
һֳǰ֮ƣ˳Ĺǳ嵽ʹнʿĽ
е̽ɫĹâס̽ķʽͨʹͬõǷذ׵ķʽ
ַذ׵ķʽڽʱԷӹ
ʹнʿ侪ûлңΪԼսѣսѵ֧ԮϾ͵
ֻûз֣ʹȭ׵ʿţѾϡ
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е̽ӣֽĹֳֳнʿԷģҪҲˡ
˫սɱͲͬһΣְҵսʷϾǿսڽսУڲѹƵǰ£ȫѹ˾ʿ
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һͬһʱսɾսĹؼ
ӢľϵԶнʿ˵ûЧӳ㣬˵ڲܸЧӰ췴Ϊ
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һʹнʿĲпѪ
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û֣ͣ΢ϵ̷ɻر֮У̽Ҳʹȭнʿĺԣϵ̵ʹúۼ
ʱŵĲŴ򿪣һץȥнʿһнʿȭȡ¡
Ӱһ뵽֮Уرա
棬⣡һ߳嵽սԣһߴŵϵͳ
ûи߽ʿڣսɱߵ뷨
нʿ߽ʿ֮Ĳʵ̫ˣһհʿʮʿս¡
ǿľʮʿڰʿʮһ߽ʿǰͬӤ
ΪƾļսףͿԽս߽ʿ
СӵĶӳڼСߵʬ壬洫
ҪΪλ߽ʿڻ֮Уô˶̵ʱͲʿ
Сߵнʿǰ󲻹Ϣʱ䣬Ҳ˵ǿʿûһ˿ͣнʿһӴɱˡ
ӳûٺʿˡ
˫㷢Ӱʧԭأڵ˻ſ֮ʱͣһ¡
֮еĴͬΪ߽ʿôûκ׼óȻȥܻܿܵԷķ
ڶӳ΢һ֮ͣʣ֮ӿȫڼյĻУ
ӳվĻ֮ը緢
ӳʵǿûܵʲôӰ죬ҪȥȴǸᶯ
Ϊʱȥ۾޷ʮֵĵṥ
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ų˻أֱɳȥ
ӳĶ᲻׷ʲôֻǵʱβɫ⻪


107 ׷
װսʱѾս׶Ρ
ͨϴ˻ʿεĿţܿͫһ˻ѹסķɴ
˵Ƿɴ׼ȷӦСս
֮˵СսΪɴǰһڹܱ¶⣬ڷɴŸСڹͬ¶š
ɴ໹зɵڣҷɴݡ
СսֻŴһ룬սԣǼСġ
ûκԥ˲λ
΢ͼڡܣ
뿪ٶһЩҲҪСսһСսգûаƾԷ׷
΢ͼڡٳܣص֡
ʱӳ߽ʿѾӻĵط뵽Сս֮С
нʿٶҲҲСս
棬⵽ܣ1.5ܼڹСսеϵͳ档
ܣ׼գӳûо
սСͷɴ֮𣬿ɲװ̫Ϳ׷ϵġ
ƾ۹ۿͿжϳʹõǡ΢ͼڡּڶ÷ɴԣǷǳġ
սԣСսҲԵһʱ䡣
š΢ͼڡŵϵͳй죬õ׼ķʽ
ֲݷʽŲߵڲ̫棬ܹϸרҵѵ
΢ͼڡһĿĹڼͻСսСսϱһ貵ĹΡ
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һǹû˵СսΨһþѹСս޷ɡ
ǵͼ˫ʹСսҪ˫Ķһڷ֣µ޷ڳܹʱɡ
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Сսһʱ޷ɣѾڿУ˻ܷԶͿˡ
˵΢ͼڡ׼ٶã΢ͼڡԱ㱣ĿܸٶȳƺˮǵĴ㡣
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ţ·Сս
Сսʧȥˡ΢ͼڡĹҲʼգҪﵽȫ״̬Ҫһʱ䡣
ջĿ⣬۾˺ˮǵ̫շ򣬻ս
ӳҪɵСͷɴҪ뿪ɵΧˡСսϣһнʿӳѯʵ
Сսȷʵͨ÷ɴܴڹϾźܶ෽ʽ
׼ֻҪСͷɴɵͽӹŵļʻȨרҵܷɵѵ¼ʻõţҲܿɵĹ
Ҫ׷ٺСͷɴСͷɴ룡ӳҡͷ
빥õǱ뽫ˮŻڵʿ׽
ڶӳѾԿ϶֮ǰƵʿǵĿ꣬ǵĿǿһͿʿ
ڵڣӳûи׶ֵʵΡ
Ϊûܹ棬ССĻ֮Уڶ̶̵ʱƤӵ½¾Ӣʿӻ롣
ǲ²Ⱓ׶ʿĿ꣬ӳǽ׶ʿСս
˭а׶ʿŻأŻеʿĿꡣ
һ˺ˮǵĴ㣬û˿ŵٶȴ
ƶȫչʾֵ̫вϵļټ١
СսҲͬ˴㡣
СսʹõǲĹƵ棬Сսʹõ˫棬䲻棬ȴƶ׷
ҷɴ̫һǰһȫٷţ˫֮ľڼٵȫٶʱ˾ƽ⡣
ǰŵ΢΢һʼŵٶǷܹȵСս˭֪ŵٶ֮ǿ
СսڵĶӳɫȴôãںˮǵĻִʿȻӵôõ˽˷ɴȫϡ
ٶȣڳܣ׼ǰɴӳ
ҪСսٶȣ޷ڳܣڷһҪ̫࣬ȫ֮ڷһλʹСսٶ½
ֻʹú󷽵ĸڣҳܵĹ̻ǳҪӰСսĿǰٶȡ
棬սгܷӦһʱϵͳľ档


108 ս
ϵͳľһСս̫Ϊĵġ
лֶƣ
ʱԼļʻϵͳ
вżʻǣǰļʻĻɨ
ĳСսܽһЩʱ䣬СսͨٶٶȵӰ졣
ϧҵûаһ֧սĹ˵
Ļʮ⣬޷ʹøҪ׼ĹҪѵ̫ϵͳơ
ڵ̫սƴ˫Ŀ
ְҵսһϵʿн׾ϵʿӳ£̫շɴϵͳĿԶδΪϵʿԼ
κһĹսʻԱԱ
ǰʱͻȻı˷зʽٲֱ߷УǲϽ޹ɵתС
ʹú׷Сսòű仯򣬸øڵ׼޷ʵ֡
ӳҪץĵʲôˣڼʻСսнʿԾʵ
нʿȻ֪ɣӦѯĿϢǰĿ̫̬޷Լĺ档
˵սǿ󣬵Ҳȫʿ߽ʿѹƵͽʿսϵĲ࣬⻹⡣
ǰĿ겻ս˲ɱнʿʻɴҲ˿ֲ
нʿСеļʻߣܹרҵսʻѵ
ǳܹᵽļʻжǿǾɴʻߵˮƽ
һʿϰ֮࣬ʱ侫ͨɴʻ
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޷Ŀ꣡ٿصнʿεػص
ʱ׼ţҲܹһֱĲӳûֻǳ˵
ּĲ࣬óսİСӵƣҲСսСͷɴ֮Ĳ࣬һʱͿֲϼĲࡣ
ǰСսں׷ʮСʱŸǿļʻúСսʮǱ
ҲһֱûܹѵСս׷ҪСսڳʱĺкͻԳ
ʱרעʻΪϵʿҲоƣ
ͼϵͳ
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ͬʱŵĵǰλҲͼбעţ֪Լʱڵλá
Ծḷ́⻹ȫٵ״̬ϵתСս޷ʻʽʱҪһ
ҡҡͷͨԾķʽȡرԾ㲢ûбͨԾпռԾջ̫
ͼ˰ʿ˽˷ɴʱĹĵͼͼͼд󲿷ֵغϣҲкܶطͬ
ʵǵͼ̫Ӵô̽Ҳֻ̽һСѣ򻹴δ̽״̬
Щû򰢶ʿһݲĹͼǸӵͼʱûע⣬ֻɨһۣܶϸڷ沢ûйע
ܹסĹͼôٿʿĴ
֪Щʿҹݣ־ִʿǲܱġ
ֻҪʿԱԮȻʿ˼ɣܹһᣬͿ԰׷
Щֻǿ룬ҪԵʵֻԼ
֮ʱʻĻһɫϢź󷽵Ŀӻʾһöɵڿٽӽ֮С
ָڼʻϿٲܿ¶Ź֮ɫöɵ⣬ְҵս֪ʶṩĽۡ
Ҳ˵öɵţҲֻţŵĻ
ܿˣСսҪ׽ɱ
뵽϶ʱ
һתӹ÷ɵʧȥĿ꣬⻷Ҳ÷ɵ޷ţֻҪÿһιɵʲô鷳
СսҲЯ̫ķɵֻУбʽķɵҪżܡ
ȴż٣ͬöɵŵ㣬ԼԼߵ뷨
󷽵СսһҲ֮٣ں󷽵ʿǿӲˡ


109 ƻ
Ӽʻλվս׵մ˫ֿٲܿմԭλȡ˳ŵһԡ
ŵķλյ䷽ΪСսվԭյλã
ʱŵٶȷǳѾҪȫֹͣ󷽵СսСĽӽ֮У˫ľ뻹ǧס
ǧʱһľˣ̫֮УֻҪСս΢һپͿת˲
СսϵĶӳʲôıСսŶԽˡ
ǰķŹؽһƶ𣬽Ȼ˳ȥ
ǴһڣڵķСսλá
ǿҵƶûоʣս
зɳʧȥӰ죬ȫһᣬƶ֮ɿСսȥ
ͬʱս׵˫ķٶȡ
СսڵĶӳҲŵ־ٶʱΪ׼ʹߣܿʹɡ
ûжգ޷Сս׷
ս״зɳʱӳ۾ɴЩԼġ
ע⣬еķɵĿǻףӳѾںĿˣڿĿʹõĻ׺Ψһĵľα
ĹľСӵʿװǾʿбȽϸߵġ
ǰСӵĸ߽ʿӳҲûӵԼϵס
ϵҪļʿԸĴۣڲĹӵϵ׵ʿȫǼ˵Ļۡ
ȻҲļףҪǰʹá
ӳĿΣնȲʹļףļ׵ǳϸҪŵԵˣûǡϷ޷ġ
СսʱΨһܹõ̫ǷɵڻŸڣʹá
СսϵͳƣҲûа취£սĿÿռʵ̫СˣҪװ̫ȡᡣ
Сսеķɵȫ򿪣ʮöɵ
СսȫЯԭǶʮöɵģ֮ǰʹõһö
ʿú׼̫ܵսӳ
̫սеģʹõļףΪó̫սʿ̫࣬ջ֮УսӰ졣
߽ʿҲ޷֤̫ջУսʤˡ
ûл׵İʧػеսἫӰսɵӦá
ʮöɵζ̫սͬڷɵ֮䴩С
ƺصǰĲǱսһսҲ˵ġ
ʹõȽ˲֪ٱļսףԼС
ʮöɵȫգը֮Сս
ˡ콣׼ȵġ콣ս׵Уͬеذװ㡣
ָоϰʱ̫̣ûдﵽʹذ׵
ӴСս֣˵ʿƷã⻹ϵһս֡
콣ϵɫâţӶ콣ǰϻһԲȦ
еĸо⿴ǿ֣̺ġ콣֮£׵пһڡ
ֵƷЧʿܹ̫սսʱõı֤
̫սУԶ޷зսôڽ֮£ֻܱƴʿʵ
ûԥս콣ͨСս
ĿȷǾƻСս棬ʹСսʧȥ
ٿս׾ͬԼһ㣬սϵڶ΢Сڣṩս̫Ϊϸֿٵƶ
ʱСսĲŴ򿪣нʿӲŴ
ֻʱѾû˭ֹܹж̫еƶٶȣս׵˦нʿǼ֡
Сս洦еġ콣ӳпСսǣҪ·жϡ
Ǿʱ䣬СսҲûʲôı䣬ʹٵĶСսֹͣСսʧȥ
뿪СսнʿȫоһᣬǱ˴ϰˣ֮һѣǵнʿΪͻȻʧȥСս
СսʧȥģϵͳܱȽϴϵͳȻֹͣġ
ʵСսڵĸϵͳУҲֻάϵͳܹϵͳΪάϵͳ֤಻


110 ̱
սףҪľ״̬£׷ʿչս
Ϊרҵ̫ս飬ְҵսսҪ
ְҵսʹõְҵսףΪ̫սƵģְҵս׳зսȻ𵴵ƿսķͻսڲ
ʹõļսףְҵս׸Ϊ߼ְҵսսʱӵӦ֡
˵ʵСս׷̫ݣҲַʽ
ΪַʽСսϵʿսǴںܴķգûκΰܹԸ߽ʿ߽ʿ̫еս
нʿȶ֮ǻһۣһΣһΣнʿ˴֮ľܽʱκη֧Ԯ
ͬʱڷźţŴȫʿԳˡ
СսȻά޻ˣСսĲ̫أά޻Ҳ޷
̫Уʧȥ˷ɴЩи߽ʿҲ޷á
еĿ̫ԶҲܻþԮԾʿǲСսٴ
ҪսСս֮⣬Сսս
ֶΣܹ֪λʿ𣿡ӳӲŷɳֻһ׼׷豸ҲСս֮һһɳͳʵ£øΧڶ
׷豸̫жĸ豸һ̶Э̫շС
⵱ȻսȣֻǱ̫ƶҪһЩѡ
ӳʱҪ֪Ŀﵽ˭ԷʹһЩֶΣͽСӱƵֵز
Ŀ²֮
׷ҾȻ֪˭Ҫ֪˭ʹңҲĶػص
ûٶ˵ʲôսСսһ߷ȥһҪƻСսձڵľٶ
Ȼ֪Ⱥʿ˼ʲôҲͬ˼ɣ뿪ź󣬾ָԶսѲȴٻ
ɲһ̫Ưꡣ
ϣΧסӳסȻСս뷨Ƶòǣűߡ
ӳнʿͬӳװ˼̫շ豸ҲΪҪһ뿪Сսԭ
ûд̫շ豸нʿҲԼ̫ƶǾǵԼƶС
ֻнʿޣĽӰ쵽սĳԡ
ڣнʿҲֻˣǱεΣķ׷ȥ
ӳӵм̫շ豸нʿ˸ƣнʿһߡ
ӳԼѡ˲ͬķ򣬴Сսһķȥ
оıѾ֪ʵ磬ֻһнʿһнʿ͵ĲΡ
ɾһнʿȴʧԱðСΣ֮ء
нʿ׷нʿԵб׾ķУûȥóȻԷ
ʮнʿеļΪǿнʿȴһֱεΣ˵нʿֵǵķл
ûͬʱнʿսĻ˸нʿСսһγ˺Χ֮ơ
Ҫ뿪Сս̫ս
ûЩʿԸѡӰһнʿ˹ȥ
Сģоʿѵ
нʿһ֮ǰս̫ˣǵѱɱڿ֮ʱѡ˱صķ
нʿеϹâ趯ǰγһϡ
Ƿ˹ȫϷ
ǰ֮ڿʱսȻ٣ƹϣнʿ࿿
нʿû뵽֮ǰٶȣս׵٣жϵʧǲɵʧȥá
еս׶ͬݣõսٶ͵Ļףر̫֮ٶȫ֮£ٶȶҪܹϾϵ̵ٶȡ
нʿæջɨȥ
ڸ֮ȻżȵԣսϰͬʱսǰУתĶ
ϰɨʱѾתнʿĽǰս׷յġ콣֣ɨнʿ
˵Զнʿս׵ļӳ֮£콣ɵĽнʿһɨء


111 
нʿֿм䴩սȫסнʿЧʹȫ޾нʿӰ졣
ļףֱӽսӵнʿ۷壬ټսɣܹӵսԶ
Ҳսнʿĵսû˿ʹȫϵ
սףߴսһŤÿмнʿĹ콣ɨнʿ壬һнʿ
µнʿӽһ룬Ȼ⴦սȦֻһˣɱٶȣԱ߸ϹĶǸԮ
ս֮УǷǳҪģһʧ͵ʧܡ
˵µнʿսɱͲսнʿѹ֮ơ
Ӱһнʿ֣нʿͷ­̫γһѪȪ
ɨۿڿĸ߽ʿһۣ¶˼֮ɫ
ûʱ߽ʿսսֶֺαðա
̫֮У¸߽ʿ̫շ豸Ҳ޷ս׵ٶȡ
ӵٶƣڲ֮أֻҪЩʿǺΧͲõİȫ
սٶչΧСսȦӡ
ӳεĶսף֮ǰϣԷӵ̫ջ֮£ս
Ϊ߽ʿֻҪܹ˿ڱ֮شֻнʿʵĵˣ¶Էļס
ļȷʵǿⲢܹһʿԽս߽ʿ
һʮʿļ׵£߽ʿһƴĻᡣ
˵ĽƻԤϣһսḻʿʿǺѽƵվġ
ڵĶӳѾû·СսĿǰʧȥս׵Ļֻ̫սƴġ
Ϊ߽ʿܹƴ𣬵µнʿ̫շ豸ûУ̫ÿһƶ
޷ֶõģһʧȥ͵űսɱ
ΧСսУʱЩʿƴģڲ鿴׶ʿ
밣׶ʿ鶼̸ϣŸոʶѣ׶ʿΪԭЩʿץסġ
ûĻҲˣпܵ£Ҫס׶ʿ
ľʮףΧСսʱϵ̽Ű׶ʿλá
Сսη׶ʿסηϣ˿̻ڻ״̬
Ҳǰ׶ʿãѺηСսĲձڣʮ̽鷶Χľԣܿ޷
Сսвȫûĵ߱ƻСսб
Ȼⱸֻܹ֧άϵͳϵͳĹҪСͷɴл߿̫ˡ
һ֮ʱɹСսλãþƽǴпλãСսڲӵ·
ηɹλú󣬳ɹĽСսڲ·ƽһ
ӳнʿε׷ǱŰȫ롣
ʱһĹȥнʿҲٲ׷Ǵһ𣬲Ҽ಻
ӳнʿûע⵽Сսϵͳˡ
ֻҪСս֮УԾüϵͳڱ֮ʱֵġ
СսڲûԱӳеʿûйע޷Сս
˲ݵСսڣʻĻԶ𣬺ɫֲڹĻ
ʱһȥɫԽԽɫʧĻϻָ˼ʻģʽ
ľɨСս𴦵ƽ֪ƽʾֳɹ滻Ȩ޵ʾ¶Ц⡣
ҲĳǸ߽ʿнʿڼȵķŭ֮Уֻһֱûа취
߽ʿнʿڵսȴŽŭй
ûЩʿķУϾСսļʻ⣬ÿһξڼʻĻ
Сսá콣ƻģƻʱע⵽˷ִ磬ûйֵƻ
СսϵͳͬʱҲƻ롣
ά޻ϵͳĲ£λȥ·޸
СսļʻĻһս׼٣뿪СսķΧ
ӳû˿ԥ׷˹ȥ֮ǰȫԸս׵սὫСսƻǻʧȥ뿪Ŀܡ
ӳ׷нʿ࿴һۣǲ뿪ӳ̫Զ˴֮޷֧ԮҲòŶӳķС
ٶȡ
ڶӳнʿ뿪СսһΧ֮СսеļʻĻʾԶʻ
漴ҵöӳһ
ͷʱԼСս֪ʲôʱȻˣڼ뿪
ǵսѾнʿ
нʿСս뿪ķ˾֮ɫ
䲻֪õʲôֶΣСսģӳ֪һйϵСսô޸ԶС
ҪսˣΨһĻץסӳ˵
ڵĻɫĻ˫˫ٶȻӡ
нʿʱҲȫµٶҲ첻١
׼Сս뿪󣬾뵽˸߽ʿܵĴ㡣
Ը߽ʿһֱо֮ģǼʶ߽ʿĿֲġ
ս׵˫ɫʹս׵ٶٴӲͬʱתɵ˶ӳĳ
ԼľϵսףʹʿΪԴ
ʹľϵΪԴʱս׵ٶ߽ʿͻȻ޼
߽ʿıֲ֧˶٣õľϵ࣬ʹٷеʱԶȸ߽ʿֵ֧ʱҪܶࡣ
ټսͨ״̬ĸٷУҪȸ߽ʿĸ
һսӳ˷ŭĴ
СսʱʧҰ֮⣬̫֮Уöӳʧȥ侲
߽ʿôǿҲ޷ʱ̫档
߽ʿ̫֮вҪ棬ⲢζŸ߽ʿĲһʱҪ
߽ʿѹʳ룬޷ȫ뿪ʳ
̫Ʈгʳ޾Ĺ¼Ҳø߽ʿ衣
ӳ޷Լ̫Ư龰Ļս
Ҫżʱһһսģʮƽ
˵䣬ӳľĸԶ
ľƣƿȫ֣뿪ЩʿҲ޷ġ
Щʿһ˿ᣬҪͨλᣬ߽ʿսһս׺߽ʿʵ١
Ȼɲڶӳд󲿷սԷսȣȶӳս½
ӳԶľ룬ǳһ뿪ԱǾû˿ϣˡ
ķɴ٣Ҫзɴһ
зɴ߽ʿ£Ҳзɴھǡ
ڷЩʿ󣬻֯ϮǣֻҪ־룬̫ǣȫɱǡ
ϵʵ̫ʿˣһȺ̫еҴʿһѱء
ӳٴƴ׷ȥ
ҲԸ⿴ģϵʹս׼٣ֻжӳڽӽΪİȫʱŻᶯԼ١
ʱһȥнʿɫΪ԰ףõĴ̫֮Уûװ̫װΪ˵̫еϺǲκζҲڳ
ӳ׷սȥ˽ʮСʱ߽ʿĳ侪ˣӳȻһս
ûƶнʿҪ֧Ųȥˡ
֪ǽ˭ץҵģҵĻҾ͸һսĻᣡĬ˽ʮСʱͻȻ˵
ӳ⣬ԥ֮ɫ
һʼʳ⣬ӳԻһڻؾ
˶ʮСʱļ尾ӳľƣѾԶˡ
Ըһս𣿡ӳʵ
һԼһΪ˻ƣɳʯĦ
㻹ѡ˵һսĻᣬֻҪץסͿԳɴ뿪񣡡дջ֮⡣
ǲĹСӵĶӳҽץάϽֱӷģӳûнסջԥһ»ǳش
𰸣еŭڣȻǲĹжȻûзŹ
άϽظ֣Ҳ֪άϽֻǾҪץһλϽ
ǿ˹սڰ㣬ǱбĿģ뽫о
ҲֻʵòĹовĳ̶ȣܹðȫ


112 ս
֪˭𣿡СӶӳʱҲûٹ˼ɣ֪ԼԵʲôĵˡ
ĵʵ̫ŹˣнʿҲͰˣ̫ͨɴƣӵһ̨ļס
ʿӦǳڲǵĴ壬Բ֮
ҽһߵԼ״̬һ߳ش
ʦյĵӳ˵֣ȷϵ
ǵģͷ˵
Ȼţ밢ʦһʱ䣬ѾΪнʿľ¼ǴѧģӳлǴɻʵ
֮һ뿪硣
ȻӳսʤȻһսһŰա
ټɱвٻطɴһɱôԱԶƯ̫֮У
ӳʣ࣬״̬µսǰδеĵ͹ȡ
һжռ˼ƣӳΨһʤʽǻ׽
ҵȫգעǰĲǱսôӦ֪˭ˣĻش
ӳ˫Ŀɴ֮ǲ˼顣
ΪˣȻ֪ǰһǱսǲĹһδսҲǾ˲Ĺ˵һս
ܶ˶˵ʱѾʤ߼ľһѪͳε
Ǳսʤؼְҵսξдʤ
ôܣôܻţӳеԽԽͣΪξϲ㷢УһҪ׽Ҫ
Ϊʱ䣬ҿȻ˵ᡣ
ϲҪõٵܣŻ᲻ϧﰢʦҲҪץ
ղŶӳ֣аʦΪɽôץģ
ǰǿľְҵսСҲǾǿ֮һû뵽ʱ䣬ҵ»ְҵս֣֮ӳ̾
õԼ֪Ĵ𰸣Ҳ״̬ս׼
û˵˫̫֮У֮׵ľ롣
һ˿˷֮ɫս߽ʿܹ֪Լ߽ʿĲൽж١
֮ǰ֪˸߽ʿʵͲóȻǰɱ˹սڣʱͨˣװҲĻף͸ȥɱ߲㡣
ʱֻ˵֪޾壬ʵﵽнʿһ˫ϵнʿټļףҪ¹߽ʿĲࡣ
ҪڿԽܵķΧڣͻ᷵زĹٴνһδɱ
߽ʿĲôҪԼǷڲĹˡ
ɲˣԲĹûжҳϵ뷨ڲĹ׷֮£ǰһҲʲôԽܵ¡
ʵǿ֮ȻԷزĹ
ɱս׼٣Ŷӳ˳档
ӳҲκεıϻڣɢֲеҲ˳ɫ档
ս׵ٶȼ죬ӰΪһӰ
ӳʮʱӳеӳһɫĽͬ䳤һ㡣
û뵽ǵһμ߽ʿʹ
Ȼʿ߽ʿʩչۼЩԾ
ǿĻʣи̫սǣ֮ʿԵƻ
ӳעڷ̶ϲû
ֻҪӴǷ˵Ľ֡
ǰȻһͣպûǰɨÿٴǰ塣
ҪսʤӳҪӳֽĽӴ
ӳ䲻һûдﵽҪĽвɳ̾һ
ĹƽʹõԶţʱȴҶá
ȫһսϧս̫ḻӦٶҲ̫죬û֡
ϵĻأΪһѳ׵Ļ泤
Ҳ嵽˶ӳǰ泤Ӷÿһζܡ
սϣΪ߽ʿĶӳҲ޷ְҵսȡ
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ͬʱʹսףٶĿԣ޷ӳ˵ӳսˡ
ϰ߸߽ʿĹʽܵĸѵ֮УҲ볤սķ׳Ļ泤ɲͨ
泤ϴս׵ֵסˣټġӢľϵ»лҲܹܡ
ڶӳκԶӳĹ˽⣬Ӱ֮䣬Ѿ˶ӳĽ
ֳֵġ콣ذ׻ӳɫڡ콣
ӳ֮Ϻɫâ֮䣬һɻΪĶƣһǽ
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Ϊս׵Ĵڣս׸˻ڴ·ûܵ˺
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ӳе̵ףֵĻ˲ſסһֹ
ӳвȻڵĻѾˣ֮ǰʮСʱ׷սУ̫ȴս׵ƣĵࡣ
һλᣡӳаš
֪սǹϵԼԱǵҲȡǷܹʤ
ƴģ¶֣ͻΪĹʧȥս
ܿ˾֮⡣
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ֶӳʱ콣Ѿ˶ӳ䣬о콣һͣǶӳüǿмѹסˡ콣
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ӳüס콣Ҳֻ軺콣һ˲ʱ䡣
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ӳҪľһ˲Ļᣬһץסս׵ұۣսӿȥ
Ҳû뵽ӳʱƴжϣӳڵв٣ûеҪƴʱ
жϵʧʹڼΣյľء
ӿսףǿսֱڵľϵɢּӿ롣
Ҳ˲ϵսһ֮䣬һӰ˶ӳͷ­ǰ룬ڴзƻš
ӳսעĶһͣǾ
ʵôľ֮¶þϵ̣ԶӳΣյĸ֪ٶܹһķӦ
ӳӯڵֲγɱƵľϵ̣Ҫһܡ
ӳǳɹģҲʧܵġ
ɹȷʵΣ֮Уϵսۣ
ʧû뵽һӵоϵн׾ϵʿΪ˷ӳǿĹڵ֣ͻս׵ķ
ӳʧӵĿ⿴ץסֱۣû뵽Լƴһֻȡ˶Էһֱֻۡ
ֱ޷סˣȻϵ̼ʱ֣߽ʿĻһ˿뵽ֱ֮У޷صƻ
ΪʿʮԻֶָ̫Σ޷ʿ壬Ϊʿͨͬ
߽ʿɵƣľϵ߽ʿиߵҽֶΣܹļֱۡ
̫ֻҪһͿʹֱԶĻٻ޷ơ
ӳʱ̣ԼһȡһŵֱۣǷֵá
֪ǣûа㵣ġ
ΪȴʮСʱⲻֻΪ˾ܵĶӳΪ˵ȴദľʱڵɫҺӯ
ֱϴոУ̹Ȼţʹ㲻ʲô
ǰս׵ݣڶӳĻ룬ʹû׵ֱ۳𻵣ս׵ڲϵͳڶԻ׵ĻԶ޸š


113 ս
ļսףӵһ̶ȵ޸ڻûгִ˵£ڲһ޷ķʽ޸
һʱսѵУͽս׵ʱ任˲ʱ䡣
սʾʱ䵽ʮ㣬ʵҪ׵ʱ䣬ֻҪһ¾ͿԷദľʱӿɫҺ塣
ůȫţرֱ۴ů֮ӳİԵ˲ɢ
ɵ˺ֱۻΪ˽ڣůֱڣֱ۴ڵͬʱٻָš
ʿƤǣֶͨμ޷Ӱ쵽ʿƤǡ
ҲֻмΪҩһЧ
֪ľʱеɫҺ嵽ʲôЧ˵κһҩ
߽ʿһս³çΪദľʱӵĺ֣Էĵ߽ʿս
ֻҪǵܹľʱڵɫҺ
ӳʬϵ뽣ȡ£һѴвĹǵƷϱȡ콣Ҫһ㣬Ĳࡣ
ǶƳеľƷǾΪ߽ʿ䱸
ʳУȻָˣ׵Ļ廹޸״̬ҪһЩʱȫ޸
ŵġ콣Ҳڻ𻵵Եʣڻ׵֮С
ûйܡ콣Ŀ⿴ԶнʿþֵĿ⿴ߡ
нʿû뵽ǿĶӳᱻɱ뵽ܵʽУ̫жΪȱ
нʿ߽ʿ֮ĲǲԽģڸ߽ʿǰнʿͬӤ
ҪӳսʱнʿǱżϣġ
ϣԽʧҲԽʱнʿĶ˹ȵס
нʿ˹ȥȻнʿҲǼʱ䣬ͻ̫ҪֽЩнʿ
Щнʿܣнʿǻš
нʿ˹æս׼
ֻһΣû˿˼ɵı¶Ϊֲľϵ̡
֮ͬУֻӵ˾ϵ̣ӵɱͬʵ
ľžϵ̷ͷ֮ϣнʿɽ󿴵˾ϵ̡
֮ǰӳսʤһ˲ս֣нʿûп壬ҪǾϵʵ̫СˣټϾϵ̵ƶ죬ǿʱעҲԡ
˵ƾս׵ƣнʿһս֮нʿǿϵʱһ˿սҲ֮ʧ
ڲĹϵ֮ϵ䶼ˣǼվϵʿȴ֡
Ծ󲿷ֵʿֻ˵ϵָ
ϵȴÿһʿ֪ģǾϵһδεսдģ޷
ٿؾϵ̷ɳû뵽нʿûУͱϵ̴ͷ­
վ̫֮УޱнʿЩǾʽ
ɱôʿûʲô˵
ⰵСǰְҵսʮƣɼСҲǷ£Ǳ˴֮䲢޳ޡ
ǰͬѧǱ̫գһսҲͬɼ
Ծ˵ûʲôԴ֮֡
ҡҡͷս뿪սԶȥ
Ѳеķɴ߷Сս
СսĲſУŹرպʶһϵս׿ʼ
ս׵Ҳ٣ս׷ڼʻҳܣѺ׶ʿη
η򿪣
СսȨ޾ȨȫɾˣϵͳҲȻ
ηŴ򿪣󽫰׶ʿϵ⿪ҽҡ
ҽҵ豸ȻǰЩ죬Ĳֻ̫Ϥһ¾Щ豸ʹá
׶ʿ̨ϣҽɨ裬ܿó˰׶ʿ
׶ʿû⣬ʿʹõҩʮֳ죬ķԼҪĸСʱ׶ʿͿѡ
׶ʿҽңǲٿҷɴԽӡ
һ޷ʻҷɴҪһңѡõСս
־СսɲõͿԹģСսκǲ۸˽˵ģػ
ŵҲȫԼ뷨
СսڵƷʰһûõĶȫӵٽƷȫתƵСսС
СսҪһЩһȽϿңȻʳ̶ϲţӲ
Ϊؼǣӵһ˾ͿԲŸڡ
£븱ҪԵĲԱټСսҪʱ˹ʻҪСս걸ս״̬ҲҪḻԱ
ľԸǰ뾶ʮ׵ķΧľȻ󣬿ɲĻ豸ʲô⡣
رǡšϵͼšͼƵСսϵͳвɾˡšͼ
СսϲĹͼƵˡšϵͳС
šϵͼͼΪͼǲҪ鷳
ôˣ׶ʿӳ˯ѹоԼͷʹѡ
Լ֮ǰʲôԼʶһȾƣǺȶˡ
Ӵ𣬿򷿼䡣
׶ʿ۾ɻԲںˮϣҲǺˮǵҡ
ǺˮǵһأڲҶͬĲá
Ӵ򿪲źˣԼһҷɴ֮ϡ
׶ʿˣ
׶ʿڼʻλϵҲϴ̫ա
ô׶ʿЩԼûѣҡҡԴʵ
ЩӣĿǰǵλˮжξ룬ڵĻرϮˣ㱻ϮץҽϮߣ򵥵Ľ͵
׶ʿоһƬңܹȡˮǵ˵ΣյϲˮǾԶΣյġ
û뵽ھᷢô£ĻԼôĶ֪
Ժٺôˣ׶ʿԼʹͷ˵
׶ʿмæ΢Ц˵
ʲô¾˵һ׶ʿû˿ԥػص
˵ݣ˵룬ʲô£Ҳɡ
ʻҡšزǣš͵Ļ⣬⽫Ϣ͸ʿ
ʿڣ˹ʿʦҲԡһֻݿݸ׶ʿ˵
׶ʿһϴҷɴӵġš뵽ҷɴ
Ǽʻ˽˷ɴˮǵģҲӵҷɴֻһܣɱϮߣǽϮߵķɴ˹
ͻزǣ׶ʿӹݿûΪβԼزǡ
ݣεĳںˮǣⱾ֮¡
׶ʿûжϢɴĺֻҪ趨ãֶʻڷزĹ·еʱϢ
ˡšļʻλ롮šϿӵСսʱг˾֮⡣
׶ʿΪزĹݿȥԭ
ʻķɴȻһСսϤĲĹ񣬿Կ϶һҾСս
׶ʿëȻĸоͷƤ飬еݿ
ͻȻԼһƣаԷһٺȾˣ֣ĹУǣ浽ʦ֮ĳͻô治֪ˡ
šš뿪һʱ֮ЩãȻ
̫֮֮Ʈ֮˾ָ䣬ȶ˴ʱ䣬ͲòٴƮ
֪ʿᵽ׷ʲô£ôǾȵ˺ˮǣʿϢûеõظʿҲûй
ŰʿģŰʿʿĿǰľƲã޷㹻ıӻ
ҲͲعĹڻȥֻܵϵϮʵ㲻ʲô
밵Сӵĸ߽ʿӳսһ֪Լ߽ʿ֮Ĳࡣ
¸߽ʿĴֻҪһαͲܹܵġ
˵ĸ߽ʿսˣʹþϵ̣װļսףֻнʿеĶս
Ҫʱɳദľʱӣṩ˼ʵɳĻ
ľʱϵ뾫ϵ˶ԴģÿϵܵʲôˣֻҪÿʮͿԻָȫʢ״̬
õľ⣬ҪֻǲϵԾĿʡȥʱ뾫


114 
ʿĴӰʦıչش˳ʮɣ֮ǰʱĴæȻͬ
һǰʦǺѴ֮¹˸ƷҩʿصҩѾá
ֻҪٹ죬ʦͿ³ʿʿһʱĵͳҲһɨա
İʿԼƣֱʱпղ鿴Լ뿪Ƿʲô·
Ǳ߳ˣһںˮǵϢʱѹȥ˽ʮ졣
ʿǽΪҪܵԭûʲôµĻǲϵġ
Ϣеݺ󣬲ɳһ
Ϣи֪ǵʿںˮǻط˳ͻûˣֻǻرƻһЩ
пգȥʿЦ
ͷ˿ʦıչشж簢˹ʿǲʲô
򰢵˹ʿһ£Ȼͼʻ˽˷ɴźˮǷȥ
ḷ́ʿӿٶȣһֱ˽˷ɴ٣ֻ͵˺ˮǡ
˽˷ɴŻصϿʱʿۿ˻ص
ʱĻشദ𣬸Ҫûл˽޸
ؾͬķһ㣬ûһ
ʿ˽˷ɴͣڻϷʮףڷֱӴӷɴ
ڷʼ£ûжӰ죬ôߵĸ߶ȴŰʿ£ȻԱӯ
ʿ˲õĸо˻Ǿ޴ƶǿɲǵ˿ɵġ
ԭĵҲƻһеĺۼʾﱻϮˡ
ʿžڲһ۾Ϳ˴ʬ塣
ʬѾܣû⣬ĵʬ壬ϰˡ
鿴ʬ·¶˷ŭ֮ɫ
·ʽԿһʿܹʹʿҲнʿ
ʿڻڷʬ壬ʬ·ͬһʬû
ݰʿжϣЩʿһսСӣճԱΪнʿôӵıȻһλ߽ʿ
սô߹Ҳսʤһλ߽ʿ
Ϊ߽ʿԸ߽ʿսΪ
ּ˻ԣֻԱⷽʽƻˣֲû޷лָ
ʹõǲĹͨüںˮǲҪĻͬӣԵĵȼߡ
ֻҪԣ൱ǿҷƣܹͨͳƻԣҪļ࣬ǾԵĺų
ʿȷǾһжһγˡ
ȥˣʿȻ˲²⣬ܴʱˣڷ׷Ϣ
ϣԴӻӳ㵽ˮǵط
ڷһվ˻⴦
ʿڷԴޱȵķŭ
ֻԾûжӰҪأʦҲӦóˣҪ֪ʦɰʦ洦
֪ʿжʱʻСս̫кš
ԭšϵͼСսϵͼϲһȻѡһĹͼûеԾ㡣
ԾͼűעǰһרΪʿҵ̹ǡ
ҲǶֻ֮ڸûоϵڶҲˮƽ
ʮֿţܶһ㣬ӭݷá
ѡԾ㣬ǿԾ㣬ӭκҵΪİݷá
һεսջһЩܹһǱҵģҪⲿֵȡһЩǱҡ
ڵͨǱֻжʮöʿڣȻǲõǱ֮¡
ȡǱңֱֻӶһҪʡ
û˿֯ȫҪı·СսҪ벹Ҫ뾫صϣЩҪǱҵġ
ԭвٵõ㣬뿪˲ĹĹõͳõĶ
ûҵ׬ȡǱҵķǰսƷһȵѡ
ѡǰһԭ򣬾ǿĹûֱӵĽӴԾ㣬ŽʱĲĹ֪
ֻ֪Ծ㣬ûм뵽սͼ֮С
ôǰԿԳĹľ
Ҫʮ죬ԶУԼǻָÿյ
ʿ˽˷ɴ£ϵͳ´ϵͳԶ˽˷ɴ֮С
صʿᣬһ㡣
磬ʦûг𣿡ʿȿ˰˹ʿæǰʵ
˹ʿûɫеϲɫ
ܣãкϢҪ㣡˹ʿЦŶ԰ʿ˵
ǰˣɣʿѯʣʦʦ
ʦԴϲ߽ɳϵİʦ
ʱˣûʲôԺҪרȷŷţʦ˰ʿһۣ΢΢ͷ˵
ʦһŬģʿΪ߽ʿʦѵ˺ȴͬĺӰ㹪Ӧ
ʱȷʵΪ¶Ӱ쵽߽ʿʵͺܼѣʱ䲻ֱӷӳʵ֮ϡ
֪ʦϢƺͬϢΪ嫣вһ
ʦʵʿЩȷʵ
Ǳ㿴ˣҸոһûȶϢЩȣʦ΢Ц˵
һ˷ǳֵãҩټʱʹȬʵǣʮʮ߼
ҪСһʦԣһս췭ظı仯
֮ǰλʦһֱѹŰʦҲΪΰʦһˣ͸ڶֵԭڡ
žĸ߲ΪʦʦڣһˣȬ
ʹȬˣʵҲӰ졣
ֻ˭Ҳû뵽ʦһԾΪλʦͬʦ
ˣȥɣǴʱ򣬴пԽ̵ʦͻȻ뵽԰ʿԸ
·֮£һֱǰʦĲ
Ҳ̼ܵŻðʦȻԽġ
ʦʵغȻҪٻأھٶˡ
ʦ⡭ʿһ£ȷʵ뽫֮±ʦǰʦصĴϲӣ˵֮»ðʦĵġ
Ҫµģ˵ʦ۾һɣ˵
Ҹȥ˺ˮǣŻر٣Ҳʧˣֳʬ壬ʬ·ϣжϳǾʿ
ҵжϣ֪ĸ;֪λãɳһʿǰ֮ɱнʿʿĽ˵˳
˵ֳʬ˵սǳңþʿ޷˼ֳ˼ǻŴóٵܡʦǷǳ侲õĮ
ʮ˽İʿ밢˹ʿףʦǶŭʦԽǵĮԽǷŭ
˹ȡҵĻҪȥҪˣʦվ򰢵˹ʿ
ʦһͬǰ˹ʿһ˵
ʦҲȥʿҲִ棬˵
ڰʦǰҪ֮£λӸûʲôΣա
ʦʮ߼ʿλʦֻͬҪλʦûз裬Ͳ밢ʦսˡ
Ҫǣжֱð˰ʦ
ʦڲĹӵߵȨޣӦʦĵӷҲʦܹͬá
ֻҪ֤ݣʦҲ̻ӵģʦҲҪעԼ
ھڲʾκ֤ݵ£ʿСץһǰʿԴأԴƻץ
Ϊֱսʿ밢ʦϣʦǲܵġ
ԼĵӶסʦʦ
ʦǷǳߵģǲĹʷΨһһλϵ뾫ϵͬ޵ʿ츳֮߳
ǲĹϣĹܹһλϵʦôĹǰ϶֮¡
ûнͱƵ뿪˲Ĺ㵽ֱץߡ
ãһͬǰʦͷͬ
˹ʿ˷ܵȭͷ߽ңܿһֻףԼһ˳ǹ˳˰ʦ
ʦư֮ϣһâ֮䣬װȫ
ҷ磡չҷȵ߶һƥǡ
һ֣ð˹ʿİǣԼʿڷ綼ſз֮


115 
ʦŭʱ״̬ȫװǿս̬ǰġ
ս̬Լ̬ȣһ𸴣ôϧѡ
ҷסϢֻȻϢͿԸܵĿҰ뱩
ʦ׶εġӢΪֲʦҷ֮£ʵͬʦ֡
ҲΪβĹڶ̶ʱ䣬ͳ뵽ԭ
ĹĶʿʵΪǿ٣ԳĹĵλ
ʦûƻ֮Ĺأھҷıϣͬžǵİ˹ʿ밢ʿ
ֵ֮Ͼ󲿷ʿ޷ˣֻģӰ
ֻи߽ʿףҪˡ
ʦԨϢ½޷Σеͽʿʵ΢޷֪ɸ߽ʿĸ֪ÿһλ֪ʦϢĸ߽ʿȫѹƵĸо
ӰֻƬ̾ͳ֮ڳ֮󣬰ʦɫ˰˹ʿ밢ʿ뿪
ɲƾŻ׵ķУǵķС
ʦľϵ߽ʿһ㣬Ĺԣľϵġ
ʱΪһҴУеٶȱ֮ķɳҪ졣
ĹľίԱᣬҲǾܲڿ⣬˴Ǿ½κηɳɴϷ
ʦûдΣӿûκεֱɾίԱᣬܿͱ
̶ľ𣬵ʦӳھίԱŴʱķϵͳȫнʿʮ߽ʿҲս׼
ʦͣգĿ·
·ķϵͳԼڶʿȫӣЩԸ߽ʿãʦûаá
ʦܹڴжųߵĵλʦǿʵ
һλʮʦȫ֮£Դݻһ֧ӣȫˡ
ʦʵÿһʵͻо޴
˵ʮ߼İʦ˾λʮ߼ʦ⣬ǾȫսҲ޷սʤ
սвʦ˵λʮ߼ʦˡ
սǿɸ޷׼ʦʦٶ޷Զ̹֮£һʦͿԶսɱʽ
»᳤֪к£ײʿеİʦǿѹסеĿ־幪ѯʵ
ײҪ˵ģҵĵҴ߾еĽʦϵÿײʿ˵
ײʿǾʮ߼ܸʦĵӣھʿеĵλߡ
ʱʮ־ʦ˵ĻҪ֤ݣ԰ʦҲ˵ѡ
һ˳ץ˰ʦĵʦ¡
ʿһֱĬ˫Ϊ˲Ĺڴλںܶ෽оЩԵġ
ʦʱֻ˵ǽʦˡ
رǿײʿ֪ʦ֮ǰܹˣһֱ֮УĳЩû˹˼Ҳǿܵġ
»᳤ԵȣͲ£д£һͻһײʿ˵
ʱžʱ䣬һҪ˽࣬һʦܸʦѾӵ֪ͨڸ
ֻеȽܸʦܹƽȵ밢ʦ
˵λʦսǾκ˶ϣġ
һĹʦսƬҪ꣬˵λʦѺ󣬶ԲĹӰ콫Ǽصġ
ӣӺ󲻽Ҿͳ֣ʦ˵
Ŀɨڳеʿнʿ岻ſڵ棬߽ʿһЩҲ޷ͬѹǵϰ㡣
ֻпײʿӰķΧײʿû˵ʲôٷصڡ
ӭ߿첽İũԪ˧
ũԪ˧ǲĹͳ˧Ȩϵߣʿֻһͨˡ
ʿǵķӦٶ죬ھⲼ˷ߣũԪ˧ڸİ;
ڰũԪ˧ԣλ߽ʿţڸ֪ĿֲϢλ߽ʿһֱȰ˵Ҫǰ
ôܶĵڵ֪λǰʦ֮󣬰ũԪ˧ֻ밢ʦ棬˵׷ʲô
һʦ֣ô޷ʰ
ԲĹٴ뵽ǰҾ棬ʱ伸˵ŬΪӰ
ũԪ˧˭ץ˰ʦĵײʿ򰢶ũԪ˧ҴһȻʵ
ʦô˵ʲô֤ݣũԪ˧۾ʵ
ײʿεĿŰũԪ˧ʱ򰢶ũԪ˧ڴǻ
ʦֻʱ䣬ûи𸴣Ԫ˧λ͵űʿɣײʿû˿ػص
ңũԪ˧ŭȵ
ĿҲʮһʦ˵ĻԲǶϷ
һڵڽߣֻڲǻ˸طʦ˺ǣ·ЩҲɨأھС
ˣũԪ˧ȫȨǿѹڰʦΨиǿʦ档
ʦܸʦжõũԪ˧ʵ
ҲֻнܸʦܹѹסʦܸʦͿȶ档
ũԪ˧òҪʦ밢ʦսҸ֪ʦϢʦ޼ʦѾΪʮ߼ʦˣ֮սĹ͵ŷѰɣײʿ˵
ǾĳЩ˸£ʱ򰢶ũԪ˧űӻɼƽµſ޼ɡ
ʲôȷũԪ˧סˣЩʧ̬׷ʵ
ʦʵﵽʮ߼ôʿӰͻĹȨṹҲܵӰ졣
ũԪ˧ȻſײʿĻҲֻǲŶѡ
֮ǰ鱨ʾʦˣʵ󽵣û뵽ȴʵһ
ŵԣһû񣿡ũԪ˧ûȿײʿشͼеŵѯʵ
֪ÿһ붼ܹؼĵȰʦ֣ʱˡ
һûص񣡡ŵȵĻشܿ졣
һûйʿ񣿡ũԪ˧תĺܿ죬ֻ˸ʷ
Сӽȡǰˮǵľץ񷢲άϽŵȻش
ũԪ˧Ȩ㹻ߣĲѯܿõ˴𰸡
װʦû˵ѣĶʿˡ
ʵϰũԪ˧֪ģΪɱ˹սڵ֣ΪʦΪӣѾͨˡ
ԴʦΪӺ󣬰ũԪ˧ֹ˶ץ
ȨĶп˹սΥ涨ϮȣǷΪΪֻҪǰʦĵӣû֤ǰ£ǲץˡ
ֻû뵽άϽ˴󵨣ڳŰʦ֮ʱ֡
άϽʦͣũԪ˧
άϽʱھһЩ߲ǲ뿪ģһΪ˰ȫһǾȨġ
֪ʦǿƳھʱͲ²ǲץ·ˡ
ûżΪһֱѹʿģֻҪȽܸʦͿԽ
άϽԪ˧֮ȥ밢ʦ棡һ߽ʿάϽİ칫г˵
άϽһ̾ũԪ˧ǲ鵽˺ˮǵ񣬽Ƴȥʦһ
άϽʱҴȥǸ߽ʿ˵
߽ʿǰũԪ˧һ̶ϴŰũԪ˧Ȩ
ȻάϽҲи߽ʿʱûи߽ʿ
˭Ҳ԰ʦ֮ǰũԪ˧ʱҪǵгĺ
άϽԴھģʧȥ˾ݣʧȥȨ
Ǹ߽ʿûеάϽشһֻסάϽֱۣάϽ˰칫ңھڿͨС
ʦĬĬĿϵʱ䣬һĽӽɫҲԽƽ
Ϥ˶֪Խ˾Խǿֲ
´ˣԪ˧ҴάϽѯڰʦʱ䵽ӣ׼ʱǸ߽ʿάϽˡ
ʦͷЩҵάϽһ·߽ʿżУάϽķ޷֣ԵЩǱ
ڳû˭ͬάϽΪ˶ףʱ򰢶ũԪ˧άϽƳһԭġ
ҪôάϽҪôάϽץ顣
ʦûȥʲôıƣ֪ľʱǷȫ
ɳһλ߽ʿķ뵽Σ֮С


116 ֹ
άϽڶ̶̵һ·ϣܶ԰ʦʱӦԷû뵽ʦʡ
ʵҲ֪СӦͻˡ
άϽڰʦѹ⻹ǰʦش⣬Ϣѹơ
ʦҲ֪άϽɬĻش
ǲһɱˣʦŵļ֮˵
֮ʱĵӳ֣ƵѵߣӶˣȻϷŹ
ֱվھҲֻ𸴡
ʦеķŭţгɱ⡣
һֱôŭʵģֻҪȾͿ֡
̬޷̣ҪþǿӲ
άϽԴǰũԪ˧ָɵ̸дάϽ̬ȾǾ̬ȡ
ʦһӣһɫâάϽһֱ۷
άϽһ£ŷӦһĲҽС
ҲʱһӰڰʦĶ档
£ϲٽһ˳༫ΪӢ˵꣬Ȼʾ伫ΪעĿķɡ
ǽܸʦϲûдװһԿĳļæ
Ҫ֪ǰʱʮעǱģһװʾˡ
յʦھϢ֮󣬽ܸʦٶȸ˹
ڽܸʦյϢʱһʱ䣬ϵ֮ʱÿʦάϽһֱնϡ
ܸʦûΪնάϽһֱ֮£ȹϲʦĽ
ʦ֮±κ¶ҪΪҪ
ûʲôɹϲģһΣȴǱ۸ͷϣСĵӶץˣ㲻Ҫ£Ǿսһʦƽٷŭһŭֲܲ˵ĸо
ܸʦüͷһ壬Ŀ⿴άϽ
άϽ𣿡֮֮⡣
ܸʦȷʵ˰СǰˮǣСӳһֱδ飬Ĳ֪ĿǰάϽ亹ֱʧȥһֱ۵ʹζܸʦѯȴҲء
㱻ץĵǸգܸʦһȣתͷʦʵ
ܸҲʶʦЩֵʵ
ԽܸʦݣȻ¹󣬵ҲԾܸʦ
ھзʿѰСϢܸʦתͷԼĵӿײʿʦ˵ģֻҪûһõһģ
ʦ˵ͷܸʦ˵Ǳ֤˾̬ȡ
ȻİΣܹҵģҲֻоˡ
ֻҪҵСӣôȻͿϢ
ʿǳ࣬ټǱߵʿȫΪӴ󣬼鲼ڲĹÿһǵʿڡ
֮鱨磬ǲĹΪרҵ鱨ռ֯
Ըûз⣡ʦ˵
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ĿĿάϽȻɱάϽĺֹͣ
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ǳܸʦʱ׷Ҳǳһ΢Ц˵
Ҹطİɣʦ˿ܣ˵
λʦӰʧԭأǰʱ֮ǰʦϢѹƣǸ߽ʿҲǿҵĲʸС
ΪҪǣһʦ֮սΣˡ
ڳʿĿⶼάϽǶάϽΣˣԼĲ
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ʦնµöϱ޷ؽӣּĹ˭ΪάϽɰʦնϵֱۡ
ִӵʿǰάϽѺߡ
ʿ밢˹ʿ࿴һۣ˴ǵģڻûһ׼ţʮֲ
£ô£ᷢôĻ𣿡ܸʦΪʦһˮ΢Цʵ
밢ʦ꣬԰ʦƢʮϤ
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ܸʦûи߰ʦ˽ɲֻΪӱ¬ʿ֪رĺøС
ΪһףŮĵһθǷǳӵģܸʦеȨ
ֻʱĵ鲢ûж룬ֻ˽ĳȻ䳬٣Ҳ屨Ϊʮꡣ
ܸʦŮĽӴһλӢۣһλܳսʿڽܸʦԡ
û뵽Ŷ죬ĸ߲Ͷˣܸʦ޷͵뷨
˽ܸʦݣʲôоͷ۵ģŮľ޷ܵġ
˵µԴȫ׷䡣
û뵽Ե֣ʦЦ˵
ܲ˻㱨ӦûΣգ񷢲ǻץܸʦͷ˵
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ԼǽܸʦϣĹٳһλʦһλϵʦݴĹ򣬲ĹͿֱӽ
󣬽òĹһľ޴
ڵĲĹֻǶͬΪף޶Χס
Ĺļ֮ҲһЩֽƷֻͨǼģҲܳΥƷ
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ڶĿƼˮƽƽ²Ĺʱ䣬ֻҪûһȼͲֿƼĴ
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һĹΪͿֱпƼĽףЩƼ漰ÿһҵÿһѧơ
ȻĹҲҪΪ˸ĴۣƼˮƽ棬һжֵõġ
ֻҪ־ϵʦͿֱӽļҲͬҪһλϵʦԼһϵʦ
һԣڶУǲ־ϵʦģĻء
û㹻ĳǲӵʦǱľϵ֡
Ĺ˵ʦǱľϵֵ֣ᶼûдɣҪĸİ
Ĺٹϼǧ꣬ŴֵĴϢʱп׷ѰǱ֡
˵ʮʹ弶ϵʿϵʿ𣿡ܸʦʵ
ȻܸʦŰʦ˵ѣʦ˵֮ʵš
ʱͬʱϵ뾫ϵ֣ʱĵʦǰ棬潫ǰʱһ۾Ϳľϵ츳ҪȻΪôһΪӵģʦ΢˵
ܸʦ˵ͷʮʱΪ弶ϵʿ츳ֻ߼˵츳߼Ǿ˲֪Ļۡ
ܸʦ뵽֮Ĺϵ˻飬ô츳᲻Ŵ
һ̣ޱϣûгΣգⲻǰʦľ޴ʧǲĹľ޴ʧʧ
ǹǱ߷ѰǱҲŷ񣬼ȫһҵģ˿ܸ̽ʦñȰʦΪ΢ü˵


117 Ϣ
׶ʿʻġšڲʿͣƺ
׶ʿšͣŵ֮У뿪šʱЩĿˡšһۡ
յļʻ֪šж㣬һ˽˷ɴһӵʽ̫
ֻ׶ʿȨʱȨޣڵ˲֮Ȩ޾ͻᱻϵͳջء
׶ʿҲרҵʿΪһҡš﹫᳤ĵӡ
ŵ¹ʿᣬڽʿ򰢶ʿһϢ֪ʿݿ
ӵϢİʿΪˣĹѰټǰСӶͬ˼һ㡣
ʿð׶ʿʿһ㣬ʦʦͬߡ
׶ʿߵ˽һͨһ鼫Ϊ
ʿĵһǻ᳤ʦר㣬󲿷ʿʿһûл̤
ʿڵһʱվڴӭİʿܳĸо
׶ʿ᳤Ҫ㣡ʿ˰׶ʿһۣͷ˵
׶ʿʱִ֮ȱѪѣθУʿÿһʿǿĻ᳤ʦŰʦĴڣŻʹʿڲĹ뼸֮һ֮
᳤ʦмǺεȵҫ
㽫ݿҰɣʿһŰ׶ʿһ˵
ʿмΪ֪ʦڵϢҪ׶ʿȥֻѹĺ档
׶ʿݿݸ˰ʿʱѾ˰ʦǰ
ɣ洫˰ʦ
׶ʿ˽ȥʿǽݿ˰ʦ
ʲôʱģʦûеһʱ鿴ݿ׶ʿʵ
᳤ˣʮǰģĿǰʻһСսڵͼ̫У׶ʿǿѹסеļʵĻش
ʦһʱ䣬ϵɫ΢ЦͨʱжϣûΪСӵϮ¡
ǲ֪ˣɱ˰СӣӰ׶ʿ˵СսߵĿԸ
뵽һλɱһ߽ʿʦڴָˣʵǲнʿûһܹɱ߽ʿ
֮жϣΪֱڣСҲûһ˿Ϣ
ôûˣʦʵ
ܺãұץߣҾ˳׶ʿû뵽ʦ˵ĹģʵⶼΧ
вĽ᳤ʦ˵ӣԺɾͿɲС
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׶ʿ£ֻ˰ʦ밢ʿ
ʦݿڵϢ뵽ԣĻʾԡ
磬ںˮǵϢй©ˣоһʿץңҲںˮǡ
ǾݲңҲٸ鷳ˣҴǰʵӵԱ֮ٻ
ʦ˵Ǹҵ³ç嶯ʦ鷳ʦİ֮ġ
ҲΪҵģϵ뾫ϵȫͻƵнףҲһսģ
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ͬʱͻ˾ϵϵﵽϵнף˵ʿ츳ôֲ
ô̵ʱ䣬ǾһϵĶţҲ޷һ㣬ȴˡ
н֮ȱָ㣬Ƿܹȷ·һ·Ǿ޴ʧ
Ҫǣţһ֣ΪĹʿ
Ҫ֪Ĺ׷ǲĹݲĴڡ
ֲ֪µĺչΪͨץ
ܵ룬ʦұ֤Ƿܹջ
һǵԼһջ󣬻ӭټҲҪԴôѡͲö˵ˡ
ʱƱػΪţĹʧһܴʷš
Сս̫кţڵʮַḻһĻ̫дһҲ⡣
Ҫ֪СսǾСӵս׼ʳһ֧һ߽ʿʮнʿɵʿСӵʳ
СսǱȺˮʱӰݣҪκ£ֻҪÿڹ̶ʱ
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ȻǿԾ㣬̫ջأΪ˱֤˴ԾİȫΪǰ̹ǵṩõķ
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ɨСս֮һӹƵдͬǶԡ
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ʵĺôһͨԾʱǵͽʿѾнʿ
ͨԾʱ̣ܶСսʵ֮С
ȸоľȫһᣬ뿪˵ͼķΧ˫Ӱ졣
оԼľܹƶҲһﵽʮ
Ҳǣʣڵͼ˫Ӱ£ҲͬܵӰ졣
ϵʿƣԾϵʿҲˡ
Ȼʵʮʵûκε
ʿԣ幫ĶʮĶ˲û𣬶һ޷ʿв
ǾʿΣн׾ϵʿûоϵǰ£սΪ¡
ı仯ӰעƵ档
Сսɨװûָ˹Чһͼ֮ϣÿһ㶼һҷɴ
ͼֻ̹һḷ́ѾǷǳˡ
̹ǵķ̶Ҳϣ̫еķɴͿԷӳ̹ǵķ
ͼϣСսɨϵͳԶһЩɴעɫǱʾԶСսвÿһɫһװɴս
ͿԿĿţս롣
Ҳӳ˿ĵһаնԸκδеװɴ
һ뷨̹ʦڣʦʦûмʦֹ
ֻӰʿ˵ʦĿֲ̫ȫװʦǼֲĴڡ
ǳɽƵĴͽӣͨʦ̫սʦžԵơ
̫ս֮УսʿĶԿ⣬ʦսսʤ
뵽ԼҪСģʵ΢
СսУһ̹ǡ
̹Ǳ޴ԲΧţԲһһС˫㽫̹ǰΧڡ
ԲոۣҲǴͷɴֻװɴͣλá


118 ̹
Сսܵ˿ո۵ĵͣԲĲλڡ
ĲλѵģΧ̹ǵԲȫǿո۵ĲλǲõĲλ
Ҳɸ̹̾ǵĴֱʣҲƼߵˡ
ͬΪĲĹû˴ֱʣĿոۡ
Ȼǵ̬йأ̹ǲţҲ˶ķɴҲͲҪӴԲ
ͨǰڻ̹ǲЯƷԱȹƷбƷڷɴ֮ϡ
սСսͣãƵбյϢ
һݹƷбҲ֮͹򿪹Ʒб뿴ʲôܴ̹ǡ
֮ɷνĹƷ࣬ҪǸֱը
ʿܹʹõĻڹƵķΧҲ̹ǿʿĽ׵أĻǾʿҪƷ
̹Ƕʿջ˺ܶ࣬Ҳ˵ķ
룬ûнԼġսסϣʵϡսס޷𵽱ãܻ˵ĿӣҪ鷳
սƷҲûдһԳ֡
޼нʿʹõʽһֻƤУ콣䣬̽ҿڡ
Щ򿪲ţСս
Сսʵе½ͧģõ½ͧԲװϵͳбҪҲװϵͳ
ֻ̹Ȼǲ׼ýʹԼķ̹ǵΰʲô¡
ܹ̹ǿκСͷ룬ô̹ǷµˣʱԳ뿪úܶʧȥӦеĹ˼ɡ
Ĺͨһ˼ʻɳ
ӭ̹ǣ뿪̹֮ǰ63011ŷɳרΪ񣡡˼ʻɳ˷ɳϵͳĻӭ
΢Цŵ˵ͷ̹ǶԷ֮˼¡
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Ҳѹ̹ǻΪҪҵǣ˴Ӹｻס
63011ŷɳ͸ͨУ͸ͨԸ̹ǵ塣
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ǿʿҲûа취ӵЩ̫ʦĴڣʿ޷ɴķǿ뿪
ⷴĲ٣˵̹ǵΰб֤ġ
̹ǲûʲô⣬нףԻһЩǱ⣬ǿһĻǷﶨ
СսҲܹǲ̫㣬ҲҪָͽ
֮ǰڲʱܰʿָҪԵͽʱڵģưʿҲûԤϵ˿Ĵﵽнʿ
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63011ŷɳڻһλͣǵǼݵĵط
óԼƣǲĹƣڲĹ˴棬ּʿᣬŴͨϢоͰǿĶʮǱҴ
ԱӹƣƷһ̨֮С
ʱоһɨȻһܿͷⲢûʲôΣգӦֻĳλ߽ʿ̽顣
һ۵ǼǴţԿ϶һλ߽ʿ
ʿҪۻʿصƷ뵽ǹרΪʿ֤Ѿ뵽̹ǵİȫϢ֮УжʿŵԽ룡Ա΢ЦŽƻͨ˵
ллͨص
ڸоԼѧϰͨǶôǣҪܻܲÿѧϰ̳̣Ҫ̹ҪͨŻ㡣
63011ŷɳڷɳ˳Ź̶ͨ潵ȥ֮ʱͷһͷϵڻ
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ĶԵΧ̹һȦ̹ǽ̫յͨȫ
ǹʱʱ磬ĲĹʱϡ
ⱾӦӢڤ뷨ʱ䣬ֻܵҵסĵط˵ˡ
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ǹõǹƵ꣬Ҫɳʱֻʹ֤κն϶ϵ63011ŷɳ63011ŷɳһݡ
63011ŷɳĳԶ򿪣ԼƤ˳
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ղŵƤǰ̨ʱ˵۾Ƥ˼ӣд̰֮⡣
תͷн׾еķЩжߡ
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콣Ľı뽣ʹõϣʹòҪγ콣ͿԴ²²콣Ĺء
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ҪƤܾˡ
֮ԶʮķѣΪòĻңʹǱҵĻʮķһǱңһǱǱҵСλ
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жϣⷿƽף͸Ĳʿʱǹķɫ
Ҫ㿪ң˵ⷿ伫ΪݻǸоۡ
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ˣСӲʿǼǴǱߵļ¼ǲʿͼʿɫĻش
Ҫ֪ṩ鱨õĽջһֻ֣ҪɹǱߵõôһε뽫ӻܳʱˡ
ˣСӸʹõǱңӵͼʿּһ䡣
˫ͷϴ˵ͷȫ˫ͷ֯ĿҪ
ʵʵò߻ƶж˫ͷϴ־
˫ͷ֯ʵȻǹɲ£ǿٷصעһ֣ᱻٷˡ
ֻҪ뿪ǹûϸĹ涨
ΪסǹƵ꣬˫ͷ߶ܽ͵ȡǹƵıɲ˫ͷܹǵġ
鲻㣬رֵĹԶԶ
֪һнʿҶԼϣոнʿŶǹʱͬ꺢ֽа㡣
ⲻո̹ǵǹͱ֯ˡ
СģûнеϣƲֻ˫ͷһ֯עˣиĵ֯Ŀꡣ


119 ̵
̨ϣİĳС
⿪򣬶ڲĹһ򣬵˴òֱ棬
Ȼ˺йأѾͣͺʹ㾡罫еȥˡ
˵¥¶ͽʿǲ̫ϡ
ֻҪЩջ󣬹ͽʿҲˡ
ǹƵͺܲҲΪΪʿԭ͵Ʒֺܶ࣬Ƿǳ㡣
鷳͵ͷõģĻò͵Ҳѡ
ùͺƤ߳䣬뿪ľͷųʮ׵ķΧ
İ˶ϣҪʱ̱СĽ
ǹƵʱرעһ£ûзͽʿ
ܹĵط63011ŷɳǹƵ˷ɳԸ
ѾǹĵͼǹƵǹλãǹƵĽ׵̲̫
ѡɽʿ̵ꣿɳϵͳѯʵ
ɳĹĻ򿪣ʾɽʿ̵Թѡ
ɽЩгÿʿų̀ڷųҪ۵ƷȻЩƷʿصƷ
ʿǿɽ鿴Թ൱˵ƷɽڵĽƷû˱֤ƷʣҪжϡ
ɽ˻ӭǣܶڻۣһңסòнףԱ֤׵ıԡ
˵׵İȫԣɽĹ֤
ʿ̵ΪһЩƷļ۸ҪһЩȴǿԱ֤ƷƷʡ
˼һ£Ще밲ȫһЩѡʿ̵ꡣ
63011ŷɳʿ̵ȥܿͣһ̵ǰ
ʿ̵ܴв˽Կĳʿ̵ⲻ
֮ǰڷɳϣ޷עǹֵ˵ϸֵֽϵһСʿ
ͷûоĸҪΪ֮ˡ
֮Ϊĸ㼯ԭ˴ʿ㼯ǹܹ㼯˶ʿɼʿƷжôķ١
УһŵСչʾ̨ÿһСչʾ̨϶һ͸סƷ
Ʒ·ʾƷ۸Թѡ
ǵһμʽҲʿҪƷÿһֵƣչʾܹԳƷۡ
ǹרΪʿõĽڳĽ׹УȻȻķչһʺʿ׵תʽ
Ҫļ۸ʡڽʱɱˡ
һȫԵͽʿƷмֳõĵͽҩԼִӸռĿһ弶ЧƷ
ѾнʿҩƷ˼ҩ⣬ǵһμ
رЩЧƷдЧٿԼٵͽʿ弶ӯ״̬ʱ䡣
ľһƿӵͽʿнʿҩЧ˵˵ǿ15%Ļʡ
Դʹÿ֧һƿҩȴֻǱ֧۸ߴǱҡ
ƿҩļ۸񣬶ɵһΪ˵ͽ׽н׶15%ҪǱңôֵá
ֻͬ鿴ƷĵͽʿǣƿҩĿȫǻȵġ
ɣЩͽʿǱң˿ԥĹƿҩ
ӵͽ׽нʵ̫ˣǰ󲻹ʱ䣬ûжõƿ˻ָʱͻƳΪнʿ
޷ᵽƿڵͽʿ飬ƿꡢʮʱ䣬һͻơ
һƿͻƵҩ˵ǰٷ֮ʮ壬ǰٷ֮һĻʣҲеͽʿԸ㾡һгԡ
϶¥оһɨɨƱһ¡
û谭Ľ뵽¥һ¥ĲһڷŵĻƷнʿƷ
¥нʿڿŻƷ¥µγĶԱȡ
ûȥעнʿעڷСչʾ̨ϵļ
ǰ鿴ʱ⼸УһǶƼ⣬༸ʽ
ʽ۸ҲʮһǱҲȣоʽ۸󣬴ﵽһǱҡ
֪ʿĺôʿʽһҲŶʮǱңпżĲࡣ
һƼֵԵӣﵽһǧǱҵĳ̶ȡ
˵⻹һƼһеľƷ
һеĳ֮ĶƼҪһЩǲ֪չΡ
¥нʿ⣬һһ¥ԱͬʽװˣӦþǶ¥ĵԱˡ
֪˵ʵͬнʿ
Ͳ˵˵ǱѾľˣ˾ǷõĳҩǿдﵽнʿԺ󼸺ûнĿܡ
һнʿԱ۵ʿƷ
뵽ɿ¥ķ¥Ӧþǳ۸߽ʿƷԸ֪¥ڸ߽ʿϢ
ֻǲ֪Ǵ˵еıߣǰƷĸ߽ʿ
˻˻֣ʾ
Ҫʲô¥Ʒֻʲôֱȡ߹΢Ц˵
ղʵ
Ȼգ뵽ңҪɨеƤϵЦݸʢ˸˵
˵ͷһԵĹҡ
߽֮ʱľָղڶ¥йۿƷнʿҲ
Ȼһ֮ǰнʿûбֳ˿Ķ⣬ټи߽ʿڣҲþȥϸ̽飬ⱻ߽ʿ쳣
ʲô¥ĸ߽ʿǾ޴в
ѹ³ֵĳ嶯̹ǣ֣нʿȳ֮ǰǲԷģǻ̹ͨ
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˿ʽȭףʧ֮ɫ
ָϷɨװãһâɨʽȭס
ȭΪʽеľƷм۴ΪʮǱңǵչʮǱң΢Ц˵
ЩԥɫĿٴɨƤжƤли
ļ۸ģǹеڶҸôļ۸񣡡˼Ȱ˵
˻׼Ȱ˵֮ʱҵŴ򿪡
нʿ˽һңͷɢչ˰Χ֮ơ
ɫһ䣬˵Щʲôȴû˵ڡ
ϴҪ㣬㣡һнʿ˵
ҲʶǵϴҲ̫ԵȻǹڹȻˣݵϵʽȭ˵
нʿ֣֪ԷǶй顣
ֻ׵ǣԷô̵£Ҫ̵֪ܹ꣬б̵꣬ĸ̵ݵڵйȻܿˡ
̵żӵӰ죬һ·֮󣬻˭ڵ̵й
ֻ˵ãԭҲ£˭߽˫ͷߵʿ̵ֻ꣬ԹԼù㲻ҪҲᶯ㣬ϴֻҪ㣡нʿϴ˳Ц˵
˵ʵһֱ˫ͷ߼š
˫ͷӵһרŶԸʿļӷʽ֪μӲŲᱻʿĸ֪֡
˫ͷߵļͨأڼ߲㽨ϵļӵУֶͨα֤нӶӴ
˫ͷȻЩҲ޷Ӱ쵽Ӵ˵ķɳϵͳǷɳϵͳֻ̹ҪڷɳϣͲܶĿʲôж
û뵽⴦̵У̵˫ͷߵҪҵ֮һ
ҲʿƷĽףܹ˫ͷߵʿƽҵ׬ȡͨңֻܹͼʿ
߽˫ͷߵ̵˫ͷ߾ٶȵнʿԸ
ȻڵԼ̵֮УûǲҪ̵֮ж̵֣֮ж֣һʱûƷôпܻԼ̵ңӰԼҵ
ҲΪ˫ͷнʿʵȫѹȴҲûֱӶֵԭ
Ҫ뿪ֻҪ뿪ͿԳץסˡ
Ҳڹ˼ɣ˼¥Ǹ߽ʿϢﶯ֣Ǹ߽ʿ֣ûһ˿ˡ
߽ʿսģȻ֪߽ʿĿֲԶܹӦġ
ҲҪȻᣬֻҪûи߽ʿڣнʿв


120 
·ɣװɫɫ˵
ƺǱѡҲнʿΪʶȤ
˵нʿڹڵһᰴһ£һų֣˸ơ
û˵߽˰š
ⰵһݣнʿҲУǶòĿ⿴
һξ룬ĸоǸ߽ʿϢԽԽԶ޷֪߽ʿϢжϣӦǽ˵¡
˵ڵļ̽ͷǿסֵĳ嶯ʱ򲢲ǳֵĺʱ
Ŵ򿪣谵ĵƹ⣬һʯʽͨ
߰ɣнʿ֮ǰٿȫһ
߳ݣû˸߽ʿϢԷĵĽſ
ͨ⣬ͨô򵥣ʯǽڵĺ棬һ㣬赲סͨɨ
ȻΪ⣬㲢ûֹľ
Կ϶ǣȫֹ󲿷ɨװõ̽飬ּģ
ȻģĲɹɶԸɨŲЧ
Ӧ˫ͷߵܻ֮Ĵڣ򲻻˵ء
ƤͨǰУнʿ
뿪˵ʮ׵ľǰɼһš
СӣеƤǣнʿ
룬Ѿõȥƻݣ̵겻֮£ҲʮҪ֪жܹõٵ档
ûоܾġ콣⿪һֻֽƤӸнʿ콣Ӹұߵнʿ
ʶ࣡нʿϴЦ˵
λнʿĿⱻƤ롮콣֮ʱӰˡ
нʿ˹ȥڳĹ˸սսûӰ쵽ٶȣȴʮ˳Ľ̽С
ıȻѣнʿûԤϵ
Ҫ֪нʿÿһ˵ʵֻнʿʵԶԶǡ
ҪǣʵĽенʿһʵܵļһ
нʿжϣӦĳʿûоγܾܿһ
ּʿһʱ䣬ʵȻʿҪǿûоļʿͬеĻ䡣
ʶнʿʧȥ˾֮ģرнʿ˹ǵ⣬ڹעһߵ
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ƤĴСӦò٣޷еʲô²ӦҲֵͬ͡
£һǰ͵нʿĽǰ
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ĽʮֹŹ֣ػеҲнʿȻ޷һʱ
Ϊһ̽нʿԭӦʹý̤ǲԼѪ֮ȥ̽Ӳ
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ͬΪнʿ˵ʵǺܶ࣬ٶϣһǺһǰ壬ȷʹٶҪнʿһ˿
һ˿ٶƣֲĽսɱսĽ֡
˫ڵȫų繭øٶȵѾӽһнʿǰ
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Ӱûͣ£ǽһ£һнʿֹͣ˺֮ƣнʿȻǰ
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нʿصĵأĹ̫٣ֱнʿһнʿǰʱжСȵнʿŵزҽС
˵нʿѾû˲ҽеġ̽Ҫ˿ڣʱнʿϢʧ
нʿдſ־֮ɫôҲû뵽нʿ˿µս
̶̵һϢ֮䣬нʿʧȥսһнʿȡ΢΢š
û˵Ҫսپ˫ͷߵĻأ˭֪нʿ⣬ûʿ
һӰֱ۴ٶȼ޷鿴һ֮нʿû׹ʲôͷ­ĳһѪ
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þ۲ˣ֮ͨûκεļء
Ҳ»ɫҵ֯ǲܸԼʲô֤ݵģܵĵطüأǸԼ鷳
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Ҫ֪ǲĹİСӣҲ޷ȫаСĹԭ򣬵ҲӦͬӰԵʡ
İʽսƤ˾ϵ̵ʹúۼͨȥ
ʱܻͷԭ·أɲ߽ʿϡ
ľһ̽ţ沢ûˣʹõǼΪԭʼҪԿײܴ򿪡
ûʱȥԿףеġ̽ɫâš
Ŵ򿪣뷿䣬ľ̽ȥ
ⷿΪ䣬ڼһ걻סֽţ˫ֱ˫ſţֵǣ걻Ĺ̶ڵ档
עǣͷϣһŹֵͷףͷײϵķ
ͷ׷ĲΪƺֲԾŲСӰ졣
֪ӦǱģûƲǱɱһ㡣
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ɨչⱣչڲ㲼˸Ӧ·ֻҪκιصӴжκһӦ·չı
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ƽ֮󣬲һʱ䣬չͿˡ
֪£չĸӦ·رգװҲرˡ
򿪱չţƷ
չڲռ䲻СҲźܶƷ
ľҩеͼҩнҩûп߽ҩ
ҩûʲôദľʱӰڽн׺󼸺ûʹùҩ
Ҫߣô˵нҩҲҪǱġ
ʮƿнҩһһսԼƤ֮УƤùĹҵģûпռˡ
Ŀ˵ͼҩݿܹڱչеݿһʲôҪϢ¶ԼûãҲҪߡ
һֻ䣬ǽʵأֽûм
ûһʹˡ
ڴ֮оһϢ
˫۵ɴ󣬲˼ĿŹзŵĶЩһԲεǮңдŹŹֵ֡
ϢǴЩǮϸ֪ģľɨǮңǮʮֹŹ֣ÿһöǮ涼̺ͬ
һμ̻ССǮ֮УǮеʮȶ
Ҫ֪һ£Ǵﵽнʿľ磬޷ڣ˵Ʒˡ
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ּǶӵеģ˵ļӦӵּ
֪Ǯʲô֪һǳҪһǮľɨ󣬵õһ׼ȷǧö


121 ӳ
İϣ⹫İȷʵͨŹİ޷֪Ǯ̺
չмֵĶϣֽչϣſڡ
ͬҲǻеá̽ƿ
꣬þֵĿ⿴ſڡ
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Ҫ֪ľϵΪѴﵽǿԸʵﵽʮϵ
ɾǿľȴڿͷ׺޷֧š
ǾרΪƾϵʿľʹõͨܹס
ֱƿ᲻˺ǵһμ׵Ķʵ
Ϊʿʱֻ̫̣߲ĹûƵƷ֮ǰûѹƾĶ
룬Ҫܽ⿪ǿн⿪˺ҵľĿһƺǲô˵Ĺªš
ЩʱҲЩˡ
ȴ뿪ȵ˰ȫĵط취Ϊ⿪ڿ𣿡˵
Եģվ˵
ж֮䲢ûܵӰ죬ֻϵʿʼΪͨ
Ǹתߡ
æϣߵʱ˱ƻ뱣չеĵǲ¡
˿ɲˣҲҪ
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չٶȣžɢںڰķˮͨУԸ֪ʮǲ̫Ӱ쵽
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˹򿪵ĹڵǮʱɻĿ
ǱңѵûмǱ𣿡Ҳѹְ˹ˣǶҲӦ֪Ǳҵӡ
ڲĹ˵󲿷ֵĵͼʿûмǱҡ
ΪĹõǱҷǳ٣̬Ǳҡ
̬ǱҪʵǱңҪǱнжһ
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122 
˹ܺ˵˵Ǳ𣿡Գ꣬յ֪ʶǳ㲩΢Цʵ
ȻⲢʲôܣ˹ڷɳڣǹһȻ˵ǱǴͳһңǱҵĲûͳһ˵еĶֻǴԡ
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63011ŷɳû˿谭ķɵСսͣŰ˹Сս
뿪̹ǹְܹҵսѵйء
ѧϰˣҲ֪ôЧı鷳֤档
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ЩһֱΪ˫ͷ֯ӵи߽ʿԲŻҴߡ
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ļǷҲǸ⣬˫ͷ̫֯ĺڰĵʿҲʹá
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лᣬҰһҷɴҿרҵսʦ˹¶ʮӦеɫЦ˵
ЩĿ˰˹һۣʮרҵսʦսʦ߼ҲǾԵˡ
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ͺǧǰļĻףרΪװһʿʶΪͺš
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124 
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װɴѹСӶ̶̵Ŀս̣ͿжϳװɴսԱĲˮƽﵽ˾о񼶱
˹ڷɴУȥµʿתͷ԰˹˵
̫ΣˣЩʿÿһűǿʵлһŻ׵ʿռ˵ģ뿪ܹǣ˹
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յĵλ⴦ϴαƿ󣬾û°á
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125 
нʿġսסǲӲƴսסнʿʵ̫࣬Ҫͬ׵˫ͷӦ
ǲõƣгǰ
нʿ֮£ֻҪʱ䵲¡սסĹ˫ͷͻϹ֧Ԯˡ
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£׵ʿڻ׵ǿƣԼΪǿƵķʽս
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ʱнʿĽ־鲻٣رǶԸнʿΧľǷḻ
ûٶ֮ʱһж࣬˵սסˡ
˫ͷߵнʿǵ͹Ŀ£ֻоǰӰʧϵһнʿͷ­뿪塣
սסӲнʿ֮䣬һнʿ
һǱȽ߱ͷʬнʿһߵнʿǣ跴ߵнʿ
нʿ趯еֻĻͽ͵ģӰ֮ͽнʿ콣Ӷ֮£нʿ
һߵнʿսͬʬסͷսȦоֻǡ
ܣ
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ġսסͬȰһнʿתӣнʿ΢΢һ㶣û뵽ͬķӦ
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ΨһнʿȥġսסҲ׷нʿ
˫нʿΪĿ꣬׷ɱ˫ͷ뱣
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˫ͷԽԽϣҲԽԽ
˫ͷŵһ󵶣׳ʻ׵Ĵ󿪴ʹá
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ʱ˫ͷһھнʿһɱľġ
Լսżǿģġսסʹõĳڻ׶ֻǶ̽
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Ϊϵʿþƾϵ⣬ֻὫ⵱ɼֱֲִֻ֮ʹ÷


126 
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𿴰˹Լʮ꣬Ѿ߼ϵʿ
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˹Ǻ棬ţôûгɳ֮ǰ뿪˲Ĺ
츳ڲĪûгΪ߽ʿʱ޷뱣ġ
˹ûд̹ǣһ⣬û뵽ΧԱ
ġӢڤ뷨㡮طҽط˹ûԥб˵
˹һָָǰһų˾ϵʿ⣬˿ɼľų֡
ſһֻȭͷС
ǾϵĴֻҪӴžͿˣ˹ûжǲִ֪зʽ͵
Ҳİ˹Ầָָϻ㼯˾ھϡ
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عֲŹȥʱ䣬һʱطעȫա
оԼľƺǾ̺ľˡ
ɿ򰲸˹ִʱİ˹ɫ԰ף˫ЩǾĹ״̬
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˹ʼ޳ʮӵʮߡ
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˵ĶԲٿطɴɲָʻɴǲٿطɴ̫ս
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طһ˼·ɹĽ⣬нʿľԷΪһٸߣÿһ߶׼ơ
طûпǹһĶõ⣬ط˽Ϊһֻƣһٸ߾ϵָ
ȻָЩҲرŹ֡
ͨھϵһĿͼƣͿԽƵ⡣
ط֮УΪؼľͼơ
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һ֧ӣעΪɫŶԷװͬʱҲɨװɨСսǼԵĵ֡


127 ׷
˹񾭣ҪЩԥ
ط֮ʱźܻܿľ
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屻δݷɴɨ裬⵽̫źţСսϵͳʱҲ˾
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Сս̨ȫƶСսϵļ١
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ݸ˵һɽɣ˫۶ǵۣĶͷģһֻ۾ֻ۾۾
ʮֵĿֲһۿëȻ
ݸǿΪĿյͷĿۿյۿյԭĽָӹ٣ԭ޷ھдȥһĵĲ¸˿յһС
Ϊһ̫սļʻͬը٣һս˫ڼĵˣʹǡ
ҲΪ⵽µۿյºš
ۿյԽƻƣڿľ쵵Уİࡣ
Ⲣۿյİ٣ÿζնɱκ
ۿյ˫ͷ֯ǺϵһЩ̹Ѻ˫ͷ֯ʱ֪ͨۿյۿյץ
ڶεĳɹۿյ˫ͷ֯ĳĬ
ۿյյ˫ͷϴϢһСսıĶҲпա
սΣսע㣬ҪģۿյͨڲƵ
ԾӵսӦսģһ֧ӶԸһСսҪ̫ע⡣
ֻСսǲ˼ĵͷԼΪķ棬ۿյоһ˿ס
ҷɴлսΪģҸСͷɴ
ȸСսһֹùۿյ
ԭ˫ͷϴҪز׽Сսϵˣۿյȴڸܵһ˿׺ı⡣
һ̫дΣҵĳɹյΣյֱƾֱӹ˶εı֮֡
ڳܵСͷɴӿ˳ܵٶȡ
Сͷɴ޷ʱ䱣ȫ״̬ڳܴٶȣΪСͷɴʱҪֶΡ
ۿյСսһϣ뷢䣬
Сսڷǰһ̣ͨɨݣԼСս΢жϳСսĹ
һٸϸڹĻϲţСսһ̨֮ʹСս³һߵĸ߶ȡ
Сս½֮ʱӽϷ
СװɴʱҲϣڻǵϵͳǴһģڵĹɢţո³СսȫΧڡ
СսĶϵͳڶʱ޷ڵĸʽҪǱ˴˵ľ̫ˡ
СսۿյĽӿڲϵĽӽ֮Уʱľ̫սǼΪ


128 
ۿյΪСս޷ܿεĹⳡ׷սҪ֮ʱСսŸͬʱ
Сսս̬Ҳһ˲˶ıСս弸Ǻƿλ
ŸڵĺãҲΪ˸ƽɿأ
СսĵСս֮ǰλôСսڶ̶˲еĲϺƶʹĵȫա
Сսһǿôľ֮£׼ȷۿյڳеСսԼһСͷɴ
Щûзֵķɴ̫սиû˿ķƾŷɴĻף޷ֵס̫ġ
Сսĸڣƿ޻ַɴĻףټ׼λãԷɴҪλá
Żսڣҷɴ֮гнʿ⣬ĴԱȫɴһͬѳ
Сͷɴ֮ҲеͼʿֻǵͼʿҲǿ׳һЩͨˣֱըи޷
׼Сͷɴ洢λãҪ̫ս׼ҪλǷǳ׵ģÿһҷɴҪλ÷
СսͱۿյСͷɴǿϺܶ࣬СͷɴһķҲ޷赲סСսĹ
ٷ֮ʮڳܣϵͳ
ϸڹĻϲţСսİٷ֮ʮ⣬ȫṩСսˡ
Ϊ뿪̫енʿСͷɴٺнʿ̫УСս
нʿǳңǲûȫˣŶദ˺ۡ
бըˣƬĲˣǿұըڸˣнʿѣڱըһ˲䣬ƸԵķɴǿҵıըͽҲһͬᡣ
δнʿӳűǿСսû˿ԥ׷˹ȥ
Сսеȣ̫սҲʿľ롣
СսĹϿٺˣнʿ޷ʱ׷
µսۿյʹ֮⣬
ҲˣµСͷɴ׷ûжİὫСͷɴҲ
ֻƾսķǿǿٶȸ죬Сս
ۿյûнʿ´нʿִ٣ûЯͨѶ
ۿյƽʱѵУ̫ջУװнʿǴӷɴҲ޷̫¼ֶá
˵нʿҲÿԸСսѹսѰʵս
нʿ̫׷СսȻΣĿֻһСսǲûзֿж
սǰڣս߸Ÿڣۿյ׼ȫԸ֮븱ڶʼ˳ܡ
ĿɨĻˢĵнѣ͹۲̫ջ˵ķһԼʮֱĲʯ
־ʯ̫֮вĳʯһ֣п̫ʯȺȺһ顣
ԿٷжţӴʯɨ֮УھҪӦá
֮ǰҪȽнʿ׷
ٷ֮Ϊڳܣϵͳ
´СսԵٶ½нʿϲǵٶٴ
˹нʿԽԽѾ˼ΪΣյľ롣
нʿٿͿֱӹСսʱֻСͷɴսסӭս
˹Լн׾ϵʿ̫мû˿
´Ϻϡ̫շ豸Ҳﲻκεæֻܵűзץס
˹һϵսⲢû˿ˣһа취鷳
нʿʮ˷ܣСսľѾܽˣֻ׵ľ룬֮£ʱ䣬ǾͿСս
ʱǾܹƻСսĽ壬뽢ڽɱ
нʿ̫СսҲۿյս޷Сս
ʱСսܻܿ˵нʿ
ۿյ᲻ʧԼҵнʿҲսнʿͿԽСս
ܹнʿƻСսôͿԻ׽СսϵĿꡣ
ͨСսϴԿнʿףнʿ˫۳죬ڱ
ڵϵóڹĻϣСս΢΢һ࣬ýڵĹ·׼нʿ
нʿ˵ֻҪǾ̫սʿ֪Ҫעзɴ̫
̫ڶ֮̾£ҪнʿҪڿڡ
ԽǾƶԽ̫ɹʱ
нʿֻҪֵзɴ̫Ҫ׼Լͻһܡ
˵һ£нʿзɴԽԽȫ
ȻЩɴе֮ķҪٹ̵ģʹõֻʺԶĹ󵼵ʧȥá
ĹԶԾ͵˺ܶ࣬нʿƾűԵֵסһʱ䣬ʱ㹻нʿ嵽зɴԱ߷
ֻǽнʿְҵսѵԼһ磬пںϣĶ̫սʽ
нʿû뵽ͨСսĽ壬ɶǵ׼
ԶԣͨСսĽ׼ֱӵ׼Ҫ鷳̫ࡣ
нʿ֪ΣգпСսัڿڵİɫâǺܡ
ֻǲ׵ľ룬Ǹڷ˲Ŀꡣ
һнʿڵλãнʿΣûзֿ
ڶ׼мнʿͬʱҲߵнʿһְڹΧڡ
нʿмλ屻˲ֻһƵףҲнʿĺۼ
ϵнʿһ屻ɨֻнʿâ˼¾
һнʿҪһЩֻһֱһȵĴۣƲء
Ʒ̹ϣƾнʿǿ壬Լİܹ
̫գȻнʿͨķʽֱȲȱѪֹ̫ͣջеļ¶û˿ڣ˶˺
нʿϻصɴϣƣ༸ʱ䣬ʧѪƶ񻯣ͻ
ڹ˫ее˼ϣûΪ̫ܡ
ȫ䣡ۿյнʿһˣŭһ
˵˵нʿֻҪСսСͷɴȻȥԮ
СսٶȶȻӣ岢ֱ߷УȻת䣬̫лһߡ
Сսת֮ʱ̫սȺסСս
СսļʻУ̶ľҪԱյϵͳԶһͬĩյ㡣
ϵͳжϳ޷ֹģĹȴǰһۿյ´ﳬǰ˹ܶ
һεĳɹܣΪӮ˱ʱ䡣
˹ͷ߳飬һμš
ղŵܣʮİգֻҪжʮ֮һСսͻᱻС
ۿյ̫ܣս٣׷Сս
ЩɣǲСսյģΪ̫µĳϵʱ䣬ÿСսӽӴľʯ
ľʯսĻҪ٣ҲҪһʱϵĹܹ
սҲսϵͳȫ
˵ǻ˺ܳʱ䣬˾ʯƬܹСսУʱ鷳
ۿյҪľ׷Сսɨ衣
ǰľʯʯ֪ʲô沼˿Ӷ
֪ΪΣʯȫĺëһ𣬿ֵǣľȴûκεľʾ
ں϶ɵģ꼫Ϊְͨҵսȴܹ֪ΣյѵټںϺǿԴΣո֪
ƽʱΣʱʾǲҪΣո֪
һֱΪԼľһ棬ֱŷ֪Ƿǳˡ
̫δ֪֪ʶԽ͡
ûʱ룬طȫٸϸڹĻϷţ̶һϢʱڣСսǰɱΪ෽
Ϊ˱֤뿪ΣյٶȣûбСսķ̶ֻ̬ȵԶʯ
ҲСս֮ʱս̫ܽۿյϴεľ飬ǰСս˹


129 
ۿյսڷĴִһգҲ֮С
ͼʶˣһιҲǲСսڽӽʯ
ս븱ͼСսȴСսлԵĴ
ʱûȥעۿյĹ֮ʱëȻĸоƺʲô޴Σڿ
սڵ˾ʯеλñһƬ
Ծʯɵƻأ˵ǼΪ΢ģȴӴľʯһ¡
׼ֶʽۿյָš
ڲ֮أԷСս޷ƿԼս֡
ֶʽǽսе̫ȫĳʱ䵥λУֱ
Աս̫һ̶ȵ֮ļʱ䣬ҪսͶ̫ܡ
Ŀǰ£ۿյȫ̫ܡ
ۿյ´ָӹĻϿǾʯһκֽų˸Ϊҵ𶯡
ɨ̫ʯҪ֪ʲôۿյ
Ŀյ걣Ÿ߶ȵľ֮ģҲܹԾôõԭ
ָӹĻϣʯ𶯷ԽԽ
⵽ǿҵźţдԱ㱨ųɨĽ
ʵѾɨˣΪӴʯı棬һ׵
޴ƤɢɫâͬŴľ㣬ֻͷŹǴ̿ױβϸɫ
ﱻսСսĹѧɨ貶׽ʱսϵͳͬʱߵȼվ
վޣۿյ˫۴͵Ŀſֲ̫૵˵̫֡
վޣԵİ˹Ҳһɫ˵ۿյһ֡
սڣԱûۿյڿվ޺ȫʧȥ˵
ڸٿսϵͳĴԱѾʹȫ޷
ڿվ޺ǸоȫǿֽŶôָӣǡطİٸϸҲ޷á
ָоֻǺ̵ܶ˲䣬ദľʱɢһ΢Ϣɾһ΢ϢȴʧľҲơ
վޣ𣿡û˵վޣԸܵ˹ĵײη壬ʵ
ֻ˹˵ˡվޡֺƺʧȥ˵һֱżȿ־ɫ
ȻûдӰ˹õվ޵ϸҲ֪
ٿСսûȫ٣ǻԶվ޵λá
ȫ٣Ķ󣬻վ޵ע⡣
뷨Ǻõģվ޵ĿֲԶܹģСսƶ֮ʱվ޵һ˫Ǵ̿ױµ۾Сս
վ޵ľУǿƺǸ֪ʲô㣬˺档
վ޵УСսϱһɫϢΧǼߵȼϢ
ڳ˯еվޱţվޱȻɱ
ڸ֪ϵϢʱվȴǸоߵȼϢеƽʥࡣ
վ޷⣬ʶҲûֹʻСսԶ롣
СļʻСսվԽԽԶվ޵˫۾ҲٿߣŵһЩ
Ϊվ޲Űʱվսſ˾޿ڡ
֪һ޷ݵĿվ޵Ŀ̫γһɫֱս
սϵֵ֣ЧûУͱɫƣɫսȫڡ
ɫսǰսУּСͷɴҲС
̫һɫֳͨһֱ
ɫͨά룬ɫͨʧͬɫͨһʧĻսСͷɴ
̫սСͷɴһк޷ҵǴûгֹһ㡣
ĲͷƤ飬վôĹֶӦ÷ʽ߽ʿһ޷ȵġ
ûмʦ֣֪ʦǷܹսʤվޣֻվ޵ľ޴ͣʦ
վ޲תͷԸĿֲڣ޷֮սҲ
Чվۿյֻص˾ʯ֮ϡ
վ޵Ӱʧھʯ棬ǴƵĿֲϢҲ֮ʧ
ľ޷֪վޣֻΣո֪żΣյĴڡ
һţһпǻ
תͷ򰲸˹ִʱİ˹һʮӡ
˹˫ֱסԼ壬˫ҲջأһţеĿ־ɫûȫʧ
㻹ţİ˹ļ򣬿϶˵
İοð˹ȶһЩ˹Щ˼Ĳ˲۾ҪԼʧ̬
ûˣǰȫˣο
˹ϴ⣬ûվ޵Ӱ
ֻȷһ£ʵһĿƣʹվѾ뿪
Ȼܹվ޳ֺȻԻ˹뵽ʲôȵĿʵ
ղȻվѹƵ޷ֺʶǴڵģٿСս뿪վޡ
ⳬվʱֲܹѹƣж
ܺ˵˵վǵһ˵֣ûлش𰲸˹ʵ
޷Լܹվǰжԭ²ܴԾദľʱӵá
ľʱܣɲκ˵
û˵վޣ˹ֱ˵վ޻Щ¡
Σգ̬ȸ׽һЩ
׽лԼ֪һΪҪĵλ
ֻʮ꣬˹һ߼ϵʿǿľԹܿغԼ侲Դκ˻¡
޷Գ˲ʲôر׽ĸо֮ǰҲֻǴ֧
ֳǿ츳֮ʱ뵽£һմӴС
վ޳֣һӽ˹ڵȫ١
Ҫ֪ʱİ˹޷ãͬͨһ㡣
Ȼ°˹߼ܹãվʱҲеڶֽ
˹ʧأһϵʿԣΪ֮ʱ
ʱٴν£һվ޵½ȳһ׽ݵĸӸ顣
վеǿ壬վӵл㼯洢ʹվĳҲվ˵Ĵڣ
ʿǿˣʦ⣬еʿ޷վޣΪվ޶ϵѹƣѹƻվʱʧȥԿΪ׵ĸ򡣡˹͵
˵ֿһۣ֮֮̽⡣
Ҫ֪ǰǴղ˵ģʱһվ޵ѹ¡
ΪԼһģվ޵ϢѹˣȻҲͬ
ֻ֪ΪʲôȻжվޡ
˵弶һ֧Ҫɱһֻվޣ֧ӳ׵ʧվ޲ûܵ˺Ժûսվޡ
վ٣Ҫס
վޣ֪ǵã˹˵
ȻǵãԭҶȥ͵Ϯսվްǣսͬķɴȫ˸ɾЦŽӻ
սվޣĴ㽫СսھʯϣȻһͻϮս
ҲǵʱΨһİ취Сսڸ޷սķ
ҲֻСսסԽƿսǣպܴİղ
Ҳֻ˵˹εҡҡͷ˵
û˭Ըվޣһ֧ӻһ˿·վȴֻ·һ
˹ڻûиףΪվ޲ɱǡ
˵ûܵվѹƵӰ죬˹ԲţֻƾСսͿվ޵ĹΧ
ֻҪվ룬ϢɽͬСս
˫ͷֶ֯˰ɣȴ뵽һ£˵
˫ͷ֯ԽԽǿֻһСսһ˫ͷ֯ɳһսҲֻƴˡ
սӦò˫ͷ֯ģܿ˫ͷ֯붯κ̹Ǳߵǲ׷ˣ˹ҡͷ˵


130 ʱ
СսУ̫սεŵʱ
пս˫ͷܻ֯ȡõֻݿ˳ݿǧöǱҷһģһֵ
һݿӵСսϵͳУͨʻĻ鿴ݿڵݡ
ݿʱʾơ
Ƕ幦ȳ
ҲѹȣڲĹǼĳ֯Ѽ幦ġ
ѧϰÿһֶ幦ᱻҪԶ幦ܡ
˽幦дݿڣַʽڲĹǲģÿһֶ幦ǲĹʿðջõġ
ӦòҪּĶġɱֶ̫࣡˹һɨһ۹ĻϵݣЦ˵
⡶ֺܻˣʵϲʮҵĶ
Ȼƾ֡ҪʮʿҲһĿԡ
ֶҲ֣ټϻĹǿŻᱻܶ֯Ա
ԼϰлزĹǿԴȥ֪Ĺûֶҡͷ΢Ц˵
˵Ĺʱıת䣬뵽ԼĹìܣʦʦΪѡ
֪뿪ĺչֻ֪ʵ˸߽ʿҲ޷زĹ
ΪƾŸ߽ʿʵҲ޷ԿǿĲĹ
˵˵Ϊ뿪Ĺ𣿡ƺǸоı仯˹ʵ
ʳŷԼ
˹ûзֵǣо׽Żû˿˼ɵʳ漰ص⡣
Բðʧˣ˹æȵ
ûʲôʵҲʲô˵ģڲĹΪһЩ߲㷢˳ͻɳ˼Ҫץңҽˡ
Ϊ˲ץסѡ뿪˲Ĺ˵
ֻǽ¼˵˳
˹һϲͬʱҲײĹΪʲô£츳ױȣǱ޴ľ⡣
ţκҲܵȹעŴ󣬻Դб
˹ϲǣĹ˶Դм޷زĹģôļлʽС
ҡͷ΢Ц˹˼ֺγ֪밲˹ദʱ䣬ûио˹˿Ķ⡣
˹뷨뷨ͻĪǱߵĻ
ߵŸԴǿʿɳĸ졣
ʱֽһֻݿݵ˳
ʲôһбȽϻҵַһۿȥû˿ɱʶݡ
ӦĿֻǾ˼ܣݿԸ𣿡˹ϸ鿴һȷϵ
˹Ҫ˭ֻʮ꣬ǼĵϵԱݼΪ
ܹлģɲֱܹͨʡ
˫ͷ֯ĽĿ˹ͿԴҳ˫ͷ֯׹лԷһЩ
û⣬ݿ㣡û˿ԥĽݿݸ˰˹
ļ֮Ҳݼ֪ܵʶͬе֪ʶ뿪ļ֪ʶûʲôͨԡ
ݿݵʾҲԲ²⵽вûȤݡ
˹Ǽܹ֮׵𣿡뵽ǼĻѯʵ
Ǽ˫ͷĻףжӦʹû׵޸޷á
ǼʹãúҲԻȡǱҡ
˵ԼġսסϹŶհ˹ԼֵͣԶͨļס
Ǽܹ޸Ҳݳ޵ĴϹŶս
˵ǼսƷɣģֻҪص壬ҿü͵ļȥ˹ЦŻش
ĺôֱļϵһΧڿԽнס
󰲸˹ļ壬Ӱһ͵ļʲô¡
ļ죬˫ͷ֯ƺķˣֻǵ޷׷밲˹ʱСսһֱû鷳
˹ľָˣÿڹĻǰоǸܵĿ
ǰԼʱÿղ꡵ļϵ뾫ϵֻҪʲô޷ֿ飬ʱ䡣
ΪÿһԸоԼʮϲָо
ǰԾˣһ죬밲˹ڼʻλϣǵĿⶢͼ˵
ԾҼյģӦúܰȫһϣս׼Ҳ֪ұǷڲй˹죬˵
һֱ£ΪԼʲôӡ
ԾߣȴòĿԸ֪ϵ
⴦Ծǰ˹ѡģԾ˼ϵ⣬û֪
ѡ⴦Ծ㣬ǼΪðյģȷǲǼڲҪԸ
ǼڲҪԸô⴦ԾõĻᡣ
Сսһ·ĺ·ߣֻҪǼڲ˶жϳСսĿԾ㡣
΢΢˵ͷΪ˵ĵնʮڰ˹ľҲ²⡣
ˡսס콣ϡ
СսٶȣӽԾ㡣
ԾǱзɴֱܹӹ𣿡򰲸˹ʵ
Ҫð˹ȷϣԱܹʱʵӦԡ
Ծ弫ʹãΪͨйԾ㣬Ծ㶼Ծ
ʱ䣬ԾǱзɴڣǾͲԥã˹û˼͸˴𰸡
ȷʵôɵ飬˹ڷؼ֮ʱзɴͣڼܵԾ㡣
Ÿڿʼܣϵͳ
ԾǱΣҪ֤Сսһι
ԾǱûΣգôҲ˷һЩѡ
⴦ԾûκεĲû׼ȷͼ꣬Ҫҵ⴦Ծɲס
СսʻԾ㣬嶸Ȼʧ뵽ռԾͨڡ
ʻĻϣʾŸڳϣʼڱ״̬
Ÿֳֻܱ״̬룬Ҳ㹻ˣԾڵʱ룬뿪Ծ󣬻ʱ䡣
밲˹нʿڿռԾ֮ͨȻӰ졣
طɵİٸϸ߱״̬ʱ׼һֱʽĿơ
һƯĴɫδ̫֮ͣУδǼݳ޵̫շɴҪòսܡ
̫кһΪ飬رСķɴڲԼªʩ̫дԽãԽġ
ֻͨ˵ķգǮǽҪȫ˷ɴʹ÷ɴΪ̫ей
ȻδҲȫ޹Եģʵϼеδ䱸̫ҲǱ׼á
δǽʿݣΪһʮһǿʿһûеߵˣܹôĲƸ
һδԣ㲻ʲô
ʿǶԹģδûŮ飬Ҳܵġ
εǴ߰˹ɱ˹ߵˡ
˵ʵǱ޷ܾˣ
ʵ̫鷳˹˭ռĵϵӵһҷɴͷҵ֮һɷݣǾϵš
ɱ˹ʿҲҽ
ΪֻҪɱ˹ôռıڲĪԼĶڴ粽С
ʿδ׼˺ܶʳ׼ڿ˹ġ
ռϵ˵ǰ˹ҳˣͨҪʿذ˹հ˹ҳߵҪɱ
ɽʿţǿԼɣôǻԡ
ǸռĵϵȲʮ꣬δռȨİ˹вԸ
ȻҲýʿյҪԭֲɱ˹ֻҪ˹Уôռ岻̫׷
ټҲû׼Ǹռϵϵ¼ƾ֤ݣԼʹǵ¶Ҳ԰Ȼ
˹͵УͿԴ㹻ĲƸԴȳȥһʱ䣬ȷ֮ʵҲܹһδ
ʿĴϣָһˮС
ȷ˵ˣûи߽ʿĴڣҲ˵ҪԵǿҲнʿ
ԽʿʵֻҪ˹֣Ϳ
ʿð˹δϹ⣬Աһ˹û⣬˹Ҳڳӡ
ע⣬пռ䲨֣δϵͳѵ
Ծ㣡ʿӴվ𣬿ϵͳǵλãɫÿ
Ծ㣬֮вû˵Ծǰû˵ûгͼ֮ϣ˵⴦Ծ㼫Ϊء


131 
ʿһ㶼֪κιռĻܣйԾϢ
һռ֪⴦ԾϢֲռʿôֻһǾǱڡ
֪ռϵǺ뷨Ѿﻢˡ
ʿȻ֪зɴԾһ߹û׼ս
߽ʿս̫֮УžԵơ
ûżҪĿǷȷ
СսӿռԾͨнҪ뿪֮ʱ֪Σգֻ˹Ҳͬʱ֪Σա
ʿû˿ڵʮһʿϢΪľסĿܹ꣬ĿͶκεķ
ʹǳ֣ҲҪСĲ˵˹
ʶֽܲǾò֡
СսԾռԾͨСսϵͳҪķ˴ɫδ
طɵһٸϸȫʻĻϽŲ
̶̶֮һʱ䣬Сս˽Ÿڵ˻
ʿû뵽Сսڸһ־ͷΥ˳ûбǷΪѵ·ʱδֲûп
֮ûп֣һΪδּȽֻҪһʱͿɿ
ȽýʿҪǰ֡
һʿû뵽Сսһ־ͿԻ̫˵̫ĳҪʱġ
ʱԶԶδֵʱ䣬ȷһ㣬Żûǰ֡
쿪֣Сսϵİ׹Ҫȡϵͳľ֪ʲô
δʱ򼤻֣Ҳˡ
ڻδɫǲóǿϽȴҲסڵĹǱ俪һ󶴡
ڷƿδǺӿ룬µ࣬󲿷ֵǿϽĵˡ
ǿǵһ㣬ҪԵķɴ
ķɴߵԤУŸڵĹһ㣬ԼǿЧ
ŸڷڿĴ󶴽룬ձڣδ档
汻УֲܿƵɢ
ҵδʿʵķһŭ
Ͻɫγһ͸ףС
ǿĸ߽ʿ̫żµּıը޷˺ġ
Լİȫδ˲СĴ۲Ÿ㵽ֵġ
ⲻǽʿеĹߣļңдƷδڡ
һըղܶԴΪС
ʿһĽʹεʧ̫ˣ³ɹץס˰˹Ҳ޷ʧ
ǧø߽ʿڣһ룬Ǿˣ˹ըеĽɫâæѵ
Ҳ˴δըгӰǽɫӰȻδըĸ
رǽɫĻ֣ڽʿϾͬһĻװ㡣
СսٶȶȻӣԶʿķȥ
ģӲ˵ģʿ֮ǰҪƴ˹뷨ǲɱ˹ҲҪð˹Ծͷ
˵밲˹һˣ˺硣
ʿ緢ٶȼû׼ûãҲûд
ֻһ˯£ӱըδг˳
Сս̫ʵ̫ˣ쵽ʿûʱȥȡûʱ任һ·
û״̬£ʿƾԼĽϵȫԼСʱ
̫Ӱ춼ͬϵģϵóƼס
׵ĻϵƼϵƿ׷
۵ǻҪľϵľϵﵽ߽ף̫֮пá
ȻֻܼСʱ̫ʱ䣬ʿû˿ĵġ
ٶȣСս֮ȫòСʱʮͿԽս
ƿСսսϵİ˹ƣҲܹһСսзɴء
ĿڹĻϹ۲ţԹǿĸ߽ʿ˵߽ʿʱѾǿ֮ĩʵԶġ
ûҪʿսǲǵѡ
ʱ뿪Ȼһ߽ʿ˳ɲ߽ʿţֻҪлᣬҪûпܽʿ
߽ʿûЯͨ͸ϵ۲쵽˽ʿݣҲһ˿ͬѰ
Ȼûжã̫սľȴǲ١
֮ǰԵĵˣ¶Сģ̫һЯЩʿʹõĸ߼ġ׷豸̫еƶٶ
̫ղЯԣһΪ
Լźڸ֪ΣǰὫսסȫװá
Ҫ֪ǶĺҲǼСʹʱϣֻҪ㣬һֱʹȥ
һԣĺʹʮϡ
ǿӿǵķɴǽϵ߽ʿû˷ɴûкֻܼСʱ˹ʶ㣬
һ֮£¶һ˿Цݡ
Сս̫ԭصͷתŽʿķ
Сսʼ˼٣ԽʿٶȣֻҪͿ׷Сս
ʶ࣬һǸۣԱʧδĴ𣡡ʿСս٣г˵
ΪΪη߽ʿ׼Ͷˡ
ֻⷢˣСսڽʿǰͻȻʧ
ʿȻ֪һԾ㣬޷ȷδڣϵͳİ£ǺܺȷԾλá
ڣδûˣﻹ׼ȷжԾꡣ
ڶʱ˼תҵ뿪İ취ǾÿռԾ㡣
˵ʿδڣԲʽ뿪ΪδͬԴԾ㣬׷Сս
ʿСսʧ¶ŵɫ
û뵽СսԾ뿪̫ˡ
ͻȻ뵽ԼֻСʱʱ䣬֮ǰûԤ뵽£Ϊ̫ˣСս޷׷ġ
ʿԾķ׷Ծ뷨
Ҳֻ룬Ծ㲢ôýģɴŽԾװãܹɽԾ㡣
ʿǸ߽ʿӵбȷɴΪǿĹҲޱȵķûƿԾҪΪϸµĿռٿ
ҲֻʦܹƿԾ㣬ֻƾͿԴԾ㡣
ʿš
ЩãȻĿſտ̫ա
СսСʱûٻ߽ʿѵͻ̫б
ŻΪ߽ʿЦһΪûЯĸ߽ʿ
ڵڽʿС˰˹Ӧ뵽˹ռĵϵôǼ
һʼʿûΪԼδ֣;ʧܵĺ
Сʱʱ䣬ʿǲϧһУҲ޷ɵκһ˵
˵̫֮Уһҷɴֻʵ̫ССԺԲƵĳ̶ȡ
ʵ̫ټﲢĺзɴ
ʿû뿪Ծ㣬ûжǼԼģӳԼʱ䡣
ҲΨһϣֻҪȵСս֣СսԱߡ
ʱͿƿСսУº
ʱһһĶȹڽʿԣʱر죬ÿһҪһ
һߣСսͣԾԱߣ븱ڴڻܵ״ֻ̬Ҫзɴ֣ͿԼٳܣɹ
Ҳڵȣоʱر
Լжϣհ˹ԣһϵ߽ʿܹ̫е״̬¼Сʱ
׼ȴĸСʱڸΪȫʱͨԾ㡣
˵ԾǰĪǻ֪ͨΣյԾ㡣
˭֪Ծ᲻鷳ȥЩԾҪѺܶĺʱ䣬ҪԸ˹Ĳʱ䡣
˹ΪһμϷˣһ߽ʿ߽ʿΣ֮
ԭ߽ʿ֮ĽĽûж˺
־һΣλȥһΪװһ˹м
֮ǰεʱ˵仰ʱǼУԺٻر
ȣ뵱˵Լĸл޷İ
ҺڴЦ˵
ûоܾ˼ֻ߽ʿˣɼ˹ж
˹ôǵ˰˹ĵˣǰ˹ҲǺ
󷽵Ľܰ˹лֻҪ˹߸ͻ밲˹ļһõӻһҲԻԴ


132 
ĸСʱȥˣһ۰˹дѯ֮⡣
ٴͨԾ㣬⻹ǹϵ˹İȫ
Ͱ뷨£˹΢Цŵͷ˵
ȻЩðգʤĻԶΣյĻʸĻʶ޷ܣ˹Ҳռĵϵˡ
ĵϵǴ˼ϣǴ̬ϣǴСʶĶġ
Ÿȫܣûٳɣ
һֱڱֳ״̬Ÿʮȫܽ
СսҲľٿ£뵽Ծڡ
εԾռתԿռԾϰˣ뾫ĸ߶Ƚš
кܴն߽ʿѾǸ߽ʿǿʵ뱣Ӧеľ衣
ռתСս֮ǰ̫ա
һ䣬Σո֪ûǰԤΪûʲôΣա
۾ȴһҾ޴ķɴͣԾԣСսɨϵͳԾǰľ޴ɴûκεķ֡
ǰĹĻϣ޴ɴڵһƬޡ
ҪΪǲԼ
ȻоķӦȴһ㶼
طһٸϸ߼ţʻĻϽвٿء
Сս塢Ÿڶٶȵϣ͵
ţ˹ľǿķӦȴһģҪٿСս̫ϵͳʱֹж
˹ͬٿšطһٸϸߣÿһϸ߶סľϸߣľϸ޷
赲ĹУ˹ҲһΪϸߵĽӴоľϸ߿ľϸˡ
ľϸߵʵ޼
Ҫ֪˹ľ߼ľֻ
ÿһǱĲࡣ
ѧϰˡطʱ䣬˹Լѧϰꡣ
гľ츳ǿ⣬߼ġӢڤ뷨йأӢڤ뷨ľ
ľϸ߱˹£ɳһʱ̿Ҫʱ
ܿ׹˹һϳ˾޴ɴŻд˶
Ҹ׵ķɴ˹ʱų͵
ͣһǰȫˡ
ôռ֮˭Բţ˹ĸһεġ
ʱǾ޴ɴСսһǣ
ǣǿƵģǿԾܾģֻҪСսʹ淴Ϳɰǣ
ȻǽСսĿȨǣǣСսž޴ɴȥ
Ҳл۲ǰľ޴ɴһҴͷɴ޷װʲô̫
ۿԿ޴ɴɨװȴ޷޴ɴʹõĿƼһԶԶ˲Ĺ
⻹ǲĿƼˮƽҪ֪ĹǶƽʱҲӴСģ׵Ļᡣ
ĹСսԲķɴ޷֣ڲĹû˵
Сսǣ˽ǰʱ޴ɴһտڣСսС
ǲԺţǴļƵĴͷɴСɨװ޷ֲԺŵģҲǼɴ֮һ˹ĺ棬Ϊܵ
ļĽСɨװö޷ķɴκζɴǰǴھ״̬
СսͣȣŴ򿪣밲˹߳š
˹үүڵѣվһɫˣ΢ЦĹ񣬿˵
ȴûиҳ˵æһ
⼸죬˹ҲܹĪһЩ֪ʶԵǶԡ
˵ǴͨӦΪչŽӴĲĪˮƽûУֻἸ䳣û䡣
ȴһ߽ʿϢ԰ٷ֮ٵĿ϶֮ǰȴĸ߽ʿ޼
һ߽ʿʮⲢԵԼԵİ˹
ٹܼңԹˣ˹˾֮ɫʵ
ĸжæµ֪ġ
ڿԺʱ˹ֻΪǸôҲû뵽ˡ
ү֪үΣգеؼңٹܼ΢ЦŻش
ͨٹܼҵĻĳ˹׶ԶӵĹġ
ٹܼ·˹߽Ժŵڲ
ͨĵĵ̺ǽϹһЩÿһξܿڷŵչʾƷͷǲ˴ĿĹԴ
˵Ƿɴڲ˵ĳߵסլ
ߣҲԿЩչʾƷĲ
·˼ԱϴŶͬһʽƷʾͳһԡ
ڿٹܼ밲˹ЩԱĹ壬ֱ߹һξЩԱֱӡ
ȼɭϣԲԺŵĿ
߹һͨ뵽һԲεڣоڿƶ徲ֹŴ򿪣һݻĴ
ǳߣĿʮңӴľˮƣ˸貵Ĺâ
ĹâҲ޷ڵסվڴλõ˵ʡ
һλһۿˣͲ뷨
޷жϳǷΪʿ˶Ϣطǳ޷ӶԷϢжϳʵ
˵ǰһϢ΢ӡ
Ϣ΢ӣȴǱ֪ϤУһ߽ʿ
Ǵɫδϵĸ߽ʿͨӵϢжϳ˶Էݡ
ף˹ڿ˺æǰеһѣȻ˵λ̹ǵ˫ͷ֯оȳңһ·϶ξҵҪ޷븸ټˣ
˹˵ŻѾˮ
߼ϵʿ׻һʮ꣬ǰܹĸǰͷſαװļǿ
һεԣΪµľ
εõ˳ɳȴҲƣ
˹һεĽѵܹĳû£Һܸˣ΢Цİ˹Դ˵
򰲸˹Уһ˿΢ɲ簮
ɣǰң˹ĸףʮָлתͷ
һ̣ռҪԱҲǿʿֻǺӵĸףڸлӵĶˡ
ȷʵǳæµ˹ҲһֱΪģ£ѧСС;ż˵Ĵ
˹ҲעĺӣΪԺ׼ļ̳ˡ
û뵽ǣ˳ҪԸ˹ҵõ˰˹µϢ˵顣
ڵ֪˹ڷص鱨ݲԺţӻذ˹
ǳصģҳԺŵ⴦ԾʱԺǰ˽ʿδ
ȻԲµһĸ߽ʿԭ
û֣Ҫð˹Եͷð˹õһѵ
ʿҲ˺˹
Ժſδһδ򰲸˹Ժžͻһδ
ֻðû뵽ǣð˹õѵ뷨ûʵ֡
ٿСսˣȻڵһʱͽδ֮Ϸˣ˽ʿһýʿ̫֮еȴ
Ϊ˹ĸףʮԼӵ˹оЩ츳Ҫ۵ʻɴ̫սþҲ޷ﵽս
δСʱ֮󣬽ʿҪ֮ʱҲ˽ʿӵ˲Ժϡ
ҿҪͨʿҳԼӵĻ֮ˡ
Ҹ£ҾȰ˹Ҳ˳ֶΪ֮ǰ˹ӶңǸ˱ģ񣬿˵
Ű˹ı꣬ûжԿһ߽ʿĻҲʮЦ˵
˵䣬ýߵϵĽʿ
Ŀ⿴ʿͨҵĻ֤ʵжϣϵĸ߽ʿδϵĸ߽ʿ
ʿһŹֵ··йââͼ
Źֵ·ϣ֪
ףǵùĸ߽ʿ˹Ŀŵϵĸ߽ʿʵ
ڰ˹ʿȷʵù˼㡣
ȻûЯ£ɴ٣ֻ¶̫֮С
н£γĴæûдѶԱȻȥú󣬾Ϳ֪˭붯ˣ˵һ˿ɱ⡣
Ҳ˲䣬ȫë֪˴Ӱ¶ĿֲϢһʮļĸ߽ʿ


133 
ʿʵжϣʿټľǿ󣬿жϳʵǿܶʿϢ
ʮļ߽ʿ⼸ߵǿʿˡ
һʮ弶ĸ߽ʿ඼ΪͻƳΪʦŬܹﵽʮ弶ÿһ츳š
츳ЩʿͿǰÿһϡ
ٹܼң˽ʿȥúÿܣҳ򿨶ٹܼҷԸ
ǣˣٹܼҹӦ
óͨѶòĪ˵䣬ܿнʿ˹ʿߡ
֪Ƿռ壿ڴʿ󣬰΢ЦŶѯʵ
ֱӣݣ˵仰Ǽˡ
Ҫ֪룬ûӦ£ôʹҴʧӣڰûкô
£붼³棬ܹЩء
һˣ˰˹̬ȡ
԰˹̫˽ˣֻǶ̶̵ʱ䣬Ϳ˰˹̬ȼΪ׽лһЩ֮ڡ
˹ɲͨ꣬ռкܶʿ˹Ҳ١
ɰҴûдӰ˹УԴ̬ȡ
ͨһ㣬жϳһð˹Ծ츳
ܹð˹Ծ츳ֵ룬ǶĿ϶Ҳһء
ף뵽һˣѾ֮ǰˣҲҪһʱ䣬˽һռ壬˹ûеش˵
ǺãҺڴľҵ˵ͷɨһΪΧİ˹˵
ٹܼңΪ׼ᣬӭ򿨶ٹܼҷԸ
ˣһҪĻҪμӣԼҪʮӣٹܼҹص
˼ͷһСʱɣ˹¶˱Ǹɫ˵
˰ź뿪˴
ȥͷ֮ĺлҪʱ䣡˹Ц˵
ллҲҪϴһղĪǣμעݣǶ˵Ĳء
ɲΪǵ⣬Ӱ쵽ò׽Ĺϵ
׷ǳæƽҲ븸׵ദʱ䣡˹һһ˵
߾Ҹ֮£п˵
뵽ԼУǵ겻˵ְҵսҲûˡ
֮ʱоĹ¶ʱǵˡ
˻ڲҪ˽ǹ𣿡˹һʵ
˽ӵĪôԺͻԶڲĪΪһĲĪˡ
ûˣҡͷЦ˵
Բ𣡡˹æǸ
ܸҽһ²Īռ𣿡˸ʵ
ĪӵʵеȣĿǰûнļʸ񣡡˵ﰲ˹һۡ
˹ǾϵţĽӴУĸܵ츳ϵĲࡣ
ľϵȼҪһͨطͿԿľϵ츳жôĿֲ
ľϵ츳ǳϵһɳˡ
ҲΪرǲĹŽĳ޷ʱ֣ûеõ㹻
ʵϰ˹ĹˣǰʦˣܵĽ̵ԲжϣҲᱻŵ
ΪһʦĵӣܵĴǶõģҲ޷óȰʦõԴ
ûܹܵЩͱĹƻˣҲ뿪˲Ĺ뿪˰ʦıӻ
߰˹Լһλʦʦô˹Ͳ뷨
Ĺ£ʵûдﵽΪӵԱ֮ǰʦ鷳
ռǲĪĶ֮һܴĲҵҵڲĪӵоصӰ
˲ڶ࣬ڲĪĸϵͳУ൱ĵλ
ҵĸףǲĪԱҲǿʮϵʿ˹˵𰲵ʱ¶˽֮ɫ
Ҳǳһû뵽ҾȻǲĪԱѾǲĪľԸ߹ˡ
ѹְһæµĪĺܶ񣬶Ҫġ
ÿһԱŸԸټĲĪȻǼ䷱æ
ķ䣬һÿٹܼΪĹԼ벨ĪĽ̳̣ԺڲĪ˹Ϊ˷ţЦ˵
Ǿ鷳ˣŷĳ裬ĵͷ˵
Ϣһμᣡ˹Ҳ֪Ҫһ£΢ЦŹ˵
˹뿪׼ϴٹܼȴˡ
Ϊ׼·ϣ⣡ٹܼҽһֻµĺӽй˵ӹӣ͸뿪ˡ
̾ռʢ飬Ϊμ׼·
Ȼֻһ˲μӵСᣬռ廹ǰ߱׼˵·ǵ׼
ϴһ󣬳Ӵ˾µĺӡ
µĺзȫ׵·µ׷ǳȫ
ļж·ֻзεжϣҲ֪ͨЩ·ͨ
رһףʽĹ׷죬ϸ֮޲¶ݻ
·ʮöСɵŦۣЩŦȫĳֱʯӹɣһЩСĽҲɼΪĽƳɡ
·ãҪվֻ֮࣬ҪɨԿԼ
·Ժ֮ǰı뺷֮УһЩϵ·ġ
ıͨ˵ʺףҪıһнʿʣס
·ܹЧҲǴҵֱʡ
ſڴſҲһ·İ˹
һװİ˹ԵʵҪһЩɬ˳ʡ
·ǳ䣡˹´Ц˵
ʶḶ́һֱΣ֮Уûн˼ڴϡ
ڿŴŲĪʽΪһʵĲĪˣǰ˹˵ġ
˽Ϊ˵İѾڲ֮С
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ŵĻڿ𣿡ռĹǷǳġ
ǾһȥҸһճǵ˹վ˵
ɳУٶȲ죬·ճǵľɫ
ճǳס˿һǧЩ˶ΪһʿռһֱעŻѪʿıǷǳͣ˹ܵ
ȴǳһ֮ǰ²⣬˹ԣ֪ռжô¡
ӵռѪ˾һǧ⻹ճоסģطһҲռˡ
ռӵһʿ˵ЩǷѪʿһʿȴȫռڼĳԱ
ֻռʿͳ˲Ĺʿܺ͡
ȻҲ㣬ĹʿǰſʼֵģȫǷյ֡
뾭˲֪귢չĲĪ޷ȣĪͨˣڵһ󣬾Ϳ֡
ѪŻõĳɹĹĿŬĿǰĲĹ޷ѡյ뾫ĸ
ʵ㲻ĽǣӦĽģ˹ǩ˺ԼΪռһԱ˵Ҳ˹˼ɡ
Ϊ𣿡֪˹ԡӢڤ뷨ʮġ
Ӣڤ뷨ƣ޷͸©ģ˸޷ڤ뷨
ھܹͨʲôֶλáӢڤ뷨Ҳ
һ֣ǾǶ߼Ӣ۹ƣûʲôܹӢ۹ķŭ
Ӣ۹İĹֻ꣬ͳλʦ֪ǲĪмλʦ𣿡˹̯̯ʵ
Ӧʮλ˰ɣղĹжϵ
ĹʿʦıڲĪĻжϲʮλʦ
Īϵʦûоϵʦ˹ҡͷ˵ΪԾĽ
ԾĿ򰲸˹Ӱ˹ϣȷŰ˹Է顣
ǼһλϵʦҵүүҲ˼ڣռΪĪģ
ҪΪʦѶȷǳΪϡȱľǽҪԴ˹˵
˰˹˼Ӣ۹ĲĹڽʦҪԴϣܵӢ۹İŻλʦġ


137 ѡ
ˣ˹ָǰ˵
һߴ⽨ܵĽָʾ⡣
ɳͣ˽ǰ˹ǰ
Ǽ⣬ֻ㵽Ȩ޿ѡֹȨ߿ѡļļѡ
ҪѡϵֻҪ뾫ѡͿˣ˹ָŴ˵
˵ͷ߽ʱһɨ貨ɨϵֻ΢һ¡
ӭ밲ȫңһʹõǲĪ
֪ɨͨЩ氲ȫʲô
һ͸Բͷвͣǰ͸ĲԶ򿪡
ⰲȫңƺĪʮϲԲͣǵݻνİȫҶԲ͡
밲ȫңǰһĻ
ѡΧĻʾһвĪ
·һϵеĶѡѡÿѡһͿųġ
⵹ʮַ㣬˷ʱһ鿴ˡ
룬ĿǰΪҪǽ˵ĹĪҲûһֹ߼ѡ
ָѡһѡȥ
ѡ󣬰ȫҷ𣬴⡣
бָһǽڣǽϷָһƽ
ȫھЩʱÿһڶһֽʵ鼮
ʹֽ鼮ҲһΣȻżļල˭ܱ֤˻йĹ
ֽ鼮ױֻƾżݼסһԻù
Ĺģ׵ģнͿԱ⹦й©Ĵա
ķգҪļලˡ
ûĸ߼Ӣ۹ͨĸڹۿߵ֮ƣӶ׶žйķա
ȫͣһΪѡ֮һļ๦ʶһļ罣衯
ȫҵĹĻʾ罣衯ϸ˵һһʹá罣衯ȫϢӰ
ͬ赸ġ罣衯˵ļϬҲŶ֮ս񲢲ϡ
ռչʾʽǲܹڲй©ǰ£ܵò鿴иΪֱ۵˽⡣
ڹĻѡһȫһĿȥ
ȫͣΣεĽɼռĵǶô
ЩɶܹΪģÿһֶܹ֮ܵ
⣬һۿȥҲֹ
ȫһļνط
طȤ
˵ʵĽȻã֮ǰļѧϰˣҲʮޡ
Ҫľܹսʽϣ̶ܹȵս
ͨȫҵĹĻʼ鿴νطϸܡ
νطͨĽһĳɡ
ĻϵȫϢӰУһӰվһӰһ֮䣬䳤Ѿ̳֮죬Щ޷塣
˫һһĹʽ⡣
ȷѡѧϰνطȫ·̽һֱֻۡ
ֱ۽¼ˡνطֽ鼮𣬷˰ȫ͸ǵ档
ڰȫпԿνطݣȴ޷Ӵ鼮
ֱۿʼ鼮æջȫ鼮ݡ
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ļΪˣڿڶ󣬾ֹ˰ȫһֱ۵Ķ
˵ʵЩʧ⡮νطе򵥡
νطȷʵطͨ㼯֮У֮һ֮һ
ֶԣʱԽãҲԽǿ
ԴﵽٽʱͻȻνԲԶνĳٶȣµֶڰν˲䣬ʧֶںϣƻ
Ҫ֪ʱֶ޷ںϵģʹáνطν˲䣬ԶʱĴﵽȶںϡ
⡮νطȷʵǿϲӦóļ֮С
ʵ⡮νطǿʵ̡̫
ʿҪֶһҪܹνطʿü亱
ûʿʿʵ̫ǿΪûλʿͬʱֶ幦ܹٶȡ
νطЩġ
ǡӢľϵ
ľϵм֣ϵѣϵҲԡ
һֻϵ幦˫ͷܻ֯رչеõġ
Ʒ̫ͣһֱû뷨
ٶȣֵƷʶ幦Ǻ׾ͿԴﵽһˮ׼ڻ۳Ļϵ
νطʱ򣬽ڵҪЩڵ˺ֻܶ࣬ҪһϵͿˡ
ֿҪϸǣпʼ뵽һֹѡ
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ѡϰԼ뷨һܿ찲ȫҴһߡ
ϵĹ࣬һѡѡˡ
н׾ϵʿʮεģнʿȴûжս
һԾӰļɣн׾ϵʿʹóܹӰ쵽С
СĶ壬ָʩߵĲн׾ϵʿʹóܹһ̶Ӱ쵽ͽϵʿнϵʿ޷Ч
СģսеʹЧǿӰ쵽ͨˡ
ʮ׵ľǷΧʹáʮ׷Χڵͨ˶ܵӰ졣
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ҽпգи߽ʿĿγ̣Ҹ㵽λѾˣҪʱȥ˹Ц˵
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˹סլ뿪ˡ
׼ȥȡ鿴ļãȴûȥΪõ֪ʶ
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ǰû뵽ȥ䣬ֻҪһȫĵطٲ֪ԵĽ
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һʱ䣬ĻϳһȷĹ
⴦סլҽɨ豸֮Ƚ󣬾Ȼܹ侫ȷ
֪еԭҽɨ豸רҵԡ
Īټסլԭǰ˹ģ԰˹ݣЩҽ豸пڸ
ĻϵΪ7326죬֣һͻ
ľһЩ򵥵Ƿǳٵġ
7326֣һת֮䣬뵽һͬġ
ڣǰһգǱսڣ֮þ7326졣
Ҳ˵Դպû˥Ϲ
һ޷ݵĸо֮ǰҲв²Լûв²⵽Ľ
²Уܼˣദľʱӵİ£ഺ
ʱָܻʧҲ
ôҲû뵽ʧֹͣ
ǰʱ֮ΪӡǺܶ˾ɽ޵ռ롣
ڲĹ֮Ϊ࡯࡯ڴ˵е飬ͬǵ
ȶһ¶ԼĹ˶μ⣬õĽһ
ˣ
һûдЦ죬뵽ĸࡣ
Բκ֪ûܹջġ
⣬Ҫ߽ʿֻдﵽ߽ʿܹòϱ˻ʲô
߽ʿ屻ȸ죬ʹ˥ٶȴΪ½
رһľʸ߽ʿߴ꣬ڳΪ߽ʿ֮ʱľϵûọ̀ٱ˥ϡ
ֻ֮ʱŻݼٵ˥ϡ


138 
ԭĹʱʱڲĪڰʱ֣ʱҲ촦Ͻϵ뾫ϵ
һΡӢ󣬵ȴദľʱӵɫҺӯȫ
ϵȫõ˻ָԼһֵˡ
ѡʿɲ
һ㶼Ҫ̵ʦ߲һЩϡ
û̵ʦԼʦʦԶڲĹճߣʱ޷ҵһλܹĽ̵Լĵʦˡ
νطǿʮֵĶ
Ҫνطĵ֮һνطҲϵƵص㡣
νطսʱʹãֻһĻᣬսве˻ʱ׼
ֻҪʹùһΡνطͻõлһʹáνطҲ֮ǰ
ΪҪǣνطҪ䲻⣬ԡνط֪ԽԽá
ҵʦѯʣǲ֪ᡮνط
ʮ뵽ռϵ֮УȻ˵԰鷳ɲܽԼİΣȫڰϡ
ദľʱӣ֤¡⣬Ҳ
µĶҪӵһ㿪ʼ½Իϵϵ
תһʼˡ
ѾϰľϵƤšÿһ嶯ڳڵ㼯
ֻһλ㼯ǻϵϵƤӴ
ûио֮еʹûʲôʸУƺƤϵ֮żǿںԡ
ЩĪ֪ԼֱӾˡƤֻʧˣ
ݡϵټ֮ǰӢľ飬ӦˡƤ̡
һҧܲ˵ĿʼһСġ⡯
һϵ֣еĻϵ㼯壬Ƥ뼡Ӵ
ļȻûʹУƽһ㣬Żϵ
ˡ⡯˲䣬һЩԾĵط
ʲôʱôˣô׾ͿԵĶôΪԶʿô٣
һ𣬵ⲢûӰȥľġ
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⡯ǡϵһξںˡ
֮ǡǡǡ࡯̶̵ʮʱ䣬ˡǰ
ŵϵ֣һ˿˿ϵ˳Ƥ壬תս뵽ϵڡ
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һ棬ܵĻϵ˺屻ϵʴļΪء
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ùͣһĪĳķɳǰָѧϰָ㡣
ڷɳϣ鿴Ҫμӵĸ߽ʿָγ̡
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һ֪ǿнʿĿγ̡
Щγ̲ѵģһ߽ʿָγ˵ԼҲҪĪҡ
ȻǮͿԲμӣ߽ʿָγ̿Ƿǳֵġ
ѯҪμӵĸ߽ʿָγ̣Ѿʾ޿λ״̬
ָγ̵ǲ׬ȡƸķֻҪʵ㹻ǿռ㹻ܹʿǰμӡ
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ͼʾ߽˿Ľѧλǰ棬뽲̨λ֮һ
ѧѾźܶʿĸ֪УЩʿȫнʿ
ۿȥѧٸλѾ˴롣


139 
߽ѧʱûнʿע⵽
ճǷǳӴнʿ֮䣬Ҳȫʶġ
ߵѧǰλºнʿע⵽
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ѧǰţǿǼϵڲӦģͨʿԻãҲǼϵĸ֮һ
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нʿ˽֮ʱһĸߴнʿվ
һڶʿʲôʸλϣĸߴнʿǰ˵
ģܹ˼ѹ
̧ͷһнʿȴǳ̾һҪġ
Ӧռʱ֪밲˹һ鷳ġ
ֻû뵽ô죬һڹϣ¡
ܹ֮ô϶Ϊ˰˹⣬ֻ밲˹Ƿ֪ĵϸ
ܹһ˵ڶеģöжϣ밲˹Ƿнʿϳ
Ҹոѧϰռ棬ֻҪǼռʿ۳һͬʣʲôʱˣķʵ
ѧϰʱסģʱ˵
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ռʿУرǱʿ֮Уܶ඼ռطھ˲ţġ
ܹΪнʿŬԼнʿȫǱʿа˲ٵߡ
ʿҲһЩЩʿнʿĿӳӡ
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140 
˫ͷܲһ̹ǹԵĲ۽ƽ˽ȴǲ˻㼯
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141 
þ߻סȫ֮ͻɴĹѧźϵͳҪȽþ߻סļľƷס
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142 ͵Ϯ
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ת˫ͷϴϲɫĶˣסˣֻһ˫ͷϴͷ­


144 ϰ
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Ҳû֣ЩܹĳԱǱڻҵĴڣĺĳԱ֮ܲС
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վӰʧٴγʱ콢ıը֮վٴʧ
̫֮вսըûһսԶƬսδ٣ͻᱻվ޻١
սֻܵսϱըǴδй˵ãΪǵĵ˸޷ֻսը˲ܿվ޵Ĵڡ
ڹĻпվ׷֧̫սӺͻɴ̫շȥ
ɲұ֤վ޽֧̫ս󣬲᷵ؼ̹ǣõѡ
ͬ뷨Ȼ٣̹ǲķɴҲ̫շȥ
վֻ˶̶һӾͽһ֧սĽɱɾƶʽҪʱľͿԹκĿꡣ
Ľվ޵ǰһ߰㱻ɻ
վ̫սӺӰ̹ǵϿա
û뵽֧սĽӻ˿ٵһʱ䶼ûܹȡ
ͻɴŷǧ׵ĸ߶ȣȫһϾͻָ
ֱעӸУ̾һǱվ޶ˡ
ϴ֮⣬Щͬ뷨ķɴһʧȥ˶ŵȥ
Щɴϵ˶վ޵ĿֲϢ壬վɢһƬЩ÷ɴûһȫˡ
ͻɴиֳΪ֣û˺ͻɴȴͻɴơ
Щ֣վ޵ʵֹܳ׼
ִΧĹվޱֳĶĿܲķɴˣֻͻɴûлС
Ⲣ߼뷨ǣվ޲ɱֻǽͻɴ״ֳ̬
һֻҪƫһ㣬ͿԽͻɴ١
̹ǵϿճ˹İϸͨɨƵ豸ͻȻֵķɴ
ǿվ޲ٿ񱩣ǳڷɴĽǰɴš
ȻҲϴӴվ޵ֱ֣˼ǳԣҪһ档
Ҫǣûдվ޵ϸܵԼĵ⡣
ΪԼװ˺Ȼ򿪲š
ͻɴʱͣǧ׵ĿУ˲źڲһͷͻɴĶ
վͻɴĶ濴վޡ
ãּˣôͨվ޴к
վûлӦֻǿƺоʲô
ΪվûĻֻ˼ԣʱЩԼյ̫١
ڽԼѧԶʹһʵû˰취Լľų
վ˷Ӧͬһ޷ľľӴ
ãּˣͨӣܵվ޵˼룬ٴ´к
ǿܵĴڣмҪ㣡վûѵ˼ֱӴݹһ仰
ⲻκεԣȴܹе˼Ǿӵĺô
ֻ׵ǣΪվ޻ƺǿܵĴڡҪ֪ĸ֪վ޵ԶԼ
ʱоʱҲһվǾͲΣˡ
ΰĴڣ˵վ޵ĽʽƵĳƺ˵
ҵĺӽҪǿܲпܰҵĺӣҽи㣡վ޵¶֮ɫ
վҲ֪޵иǰܾȻԼӵ
վΨһѡǰȻСȵܳվ޵УϢԴȪ
ԴȪ濴ƺСףҲվԭ
޵ҲֻпվڳõУûڶ


146 ޵
վ΢΢һһö޴ĵɳ޵ʧ
վͻɴϵľչΧʮף֪ͨö޵ڴ֮С
վ޵ǻȻܾｫ޵ֱӷǰǻ޴鷳
ΰĴڣû֪ž޵ε˵
ĸ֪У޵ѺۻãǴӾ޵вɢΪġ
Լ֪Լͣûо޵
˵ˣǽ޵ռ壬ƾҽˮƽҲ޷ּ
վͨҽֶοЧģôΣվҲû˿취ɾ޵ɢ
Խǿ֮ԽѻָҪҲԽΪ̡
ǿܵĴڣֻҪ⺢ֻܵȴ٣վͨ˵
Ҿɣվ޵ļ֣Ҿ޵Ѿͻɴڣֻܵͷ˵
ǿܵĴڣպã̺ҵһϢΣգ಻̫Զһ㣬ϢֻܼһΣվϷɳһУͨ
һνףվóȡ޵ȥĻᡣ
˵仰վһ
ΪǿĶ̫վ޴ᵽϢǾһɱµϢ
վ޵֪ûʲôԴֻͬİ
վ뿪ǰϢǣķſһȵ
ɫڱ󣬻Ϊһֻõվޣ˫ͷܲķȥ
ڿеվûпЧת̫գٶȼ졣
˫Уվ޵ľ޴ڿԼ˼κ󣬾ͳʧˡ
ֿԭ˫ͷܲڵأɫûɵվޣײ˫ͷܲϣûбըûʲôûУ˫ͷܲڴһɼ׵ľ޿ӡ
ԭ˫ͷܲĨĨϵģ˫ͷܲûκһ¡
һ߸̾վ޵Ŀֲһվ޵Ķһ٣˫ͷܲڲ˶ɱ˸ɾûбҪһ¡
ȻҲ֪վһ⡣
ٶͣͻɴĴգʱûȥ۲޵ǿڼʻĻϲ
ͻɴϹ⻪ҷɴɹʧ֮С
趨ͻɴԶУͻɴϵͳٿطɴճǡ
뿪˼ʻλȿ˿еĶⶫзǳᣬЩһ˿Ĳ㡣
ⶫı棬Լɫĸͼ
Ƥܿжϳⶫʲô
վ޵һƬƤվ޶ԣһСƬƤ˵ȴ㹻ڵĴСˡ
ľɨվ޵Ƥܵվ޵ϢȻϢֲãϢʧء
еվƤһͷʹ
Ƥ̫෴ƤҵʵˣƤƳһ·ԳĿǰþ߻סķˡ
һնûУԾξ޵û˿뷨ȴյվôصĽ
һƬ㹻ȫƤټƤٻһվޣվ޸Ĵۿɲˡ
ûܹȻؾ޵˵ٻվްˣƤжо֡
վ޵Ƥ۵֮µĴСһֶֻ²¶
Լ·𣬽ƤԼϰȲᶪʧֿǿԼ
Щ˾޵ǰ
޵Ȼڲϵй©ЩѺ۾ͬۼ㡣
ְھ޵ϣ̽޵һ˿΢ӡǾͬеĻ㣬һ̾ͻϨ
Ϊվ޻Ὣ޵ˣվ￴һ˿ϣ޵Ҳݲվ޶ѡ
Ȼ֪վΪҪ࿴ԭֻһദľʱӡ
رվ޶ĳƺǿܵĴڡ֤ʵԭ
ľʱʲôı֪ʱΪһ壬ľʱһ˿Īϵ
رΪϵʿӵǿľľʱϵǼǿһЩ
һָоľǿһЩͿƿľʱӡ
ʵ̫࣬ľʱӸĻ
Ҳ֪Ҫ޵Ψһķʹľʱӵ֪ôľʱӰ
жһʱ䣬Ȼٴѵվ޵ƤҲ⿪һԡ
ҧҧȡСϵġ̽þԼơ˫ۡǰ˳˿ڡ
ľǳܣû̫˺ȴ˿ڸܵĴѪľܶࡣ
ſֱۣסǰľ޵
ڱס޵˲䣬ڶ˿ڴ˼ΪǿҵʹУֻ΢΢һּʹӰǳС
Ƥп֯뵰ǽһ
֪᲻ľʱʱ˳Ͼ޵Ҳܹ뵽Ĳ취
Լƣһ㶼ûеģصƣľʱڵɫҺӯҲʱͿȫָ
Ҳʱ䣬һľʱӵӯʱ̡
Ŭ޵ȡϵž޵һĴڡ
µġɣԼʹˡİʾԼΪ޵ԼһĴڡ
˵Ϊľʱӽ޵Ϊһ֣ܹʹõֶȫˡ
ľʱڵɫҺӯˣɫҺӿȫ
رļ˿ڣɫҺչˡ
ɫҺ˿ʱһɫҺ˿ڴ޸ƤƣһɫҺȴǽ˾޵
޵ͻȻһأ޵ѺҲһʧ
֮оԼȬҪ۾۲޵֪޵ʱ״̬á
֪ʲôԭ򣬾޵˼ϵҪþͿԸ֪޵
еľһ֣ʹáʾ֣ľʱƽȡˡЧ
һ޷˵ĸо޵ڻδȫɶΪϡ
ͻɴռһռڣվӴͻɴͬš
վ޿ξ޵ọ̈̄ڿ޵˻ָϲá
ڸ֪޵ı仯վ޵ȴ˷ŭܿתΪ֮ɫ
վûйۿε̣ĻΪ޷õվ޵½⡣
վҲû뵽޵Ϊ״̬ͨľʱƾ޵ʱľʱͨĳַʽ޵ϰһ
Ϊ޵Ϊ
״̬£޵еСվ޳ͿԷСվ޵һ̶ΪСվĸӹ
Ҫ壬վΪСվ޵Ӱ죬ɱ
Сվ޸ǿռСվ޵Сվѷ֮ʱܵ޾İ
Ҳ˵ϵռ˴˵Сվޣվ޿һǿܵĴڡ
ǿܵĴڣڲ˥ϣʵﵽԱԳ֮Ϊࡣ
վ޵ǲ࣬Ҳ˥
վ޵˳ɣüٹʾ޵˸ʧ
ɲ֪վһֱڸͷʹǣ޵Ӧôá
ܱ޵ס޵ʵ̫ˣ޵֪Ҫòܷ
Ҫʹվ޵Ƥվٻ޵뷨
֮ʱ޵ͻȻǰʧһ
æþɨܣǲվĴ˾޵
ܿҵ˾޵ƾ޵֮ϵȵķִʱľ޵ദľʱڡ
޵ľʱӵıףոջ㼯һɫҺž޵ʱľ޵ٽо޵ˣΪ޵ľʱԵüС
˵ľʱӴСĻô޵ʱͬһŻ״С
ٴοľʱӵĲľʱеĿռ䲢ͨռ䡣
Щ̫ľ޵ľʱܲҪر֪޵һֻ֣Ҫһ£ܹܵ޵
޵ľʱУΪʢеҲƺȸղҪ鶯һЩ
ɾ޵ôľʱгأᱻľʱӸˣһֱܳɣıȽ϶࣬ҲֵܹҲ
֮ʱ޵ͻȻǰ
⡭ʱŷ֣ȻԿľʱˣ˵֪Լģֻ룬ľʱӾ˳⽫޵˳
ɣжľʱĬš
ǰľ޵ٴʧֳľʱС


147 Ӱ
˹нڰ칫ҵϣĸ١
ʱĻ˹нɫѿĻϢʧȥƽյ侲
˽µҵΣе˵
˹н˰ֹ֣ס˸ټ˵ȥ
ȷʵɳʮʿ˫ͷ֯ԸǸ˽µΪǰǻ˹нĬж
򸱹ôԽ巢Ϊĺ㹻Ͼ·ͥˡ
˵˹нһģ¸ٳеΣҲ޷ѵ˹н鷳
ڻ˹нǰĹĻϣǽյϢһɱ˫ͷܲˣаʮʿ
ʮʿڻ˹н˵ҲһС鷳
˻˹нּ𣬲ûе˵ģеȨкܶཫţЩҲŸԵ֧֡
ЩڵŻ˹нֻҪץס㣬ôǸĵ
˹нû̫Ϊʮʿģʮʿϼϵǳãϵˡ
˵е⣬˭Ҳ޷⣬ֻҪһЩͿԽ鷳
˹нΪĵӿ洫Ļ棬һԶƵ
ʱƵڻ˹нǰĹĻѭţͻɴֲվͣյƵ
ƵǶ⣬û㵽ͻɴվŵӰ
˹нô᲻֪ʻͻɴһλǸոռռʿ
ƵĪ˿ߣǲĪ˽վ̹˾޴ʧ
ƵϿԿվͻɴںƽ״̬
ڿ˵վ֮£˹н֮Աǵģʲôܹվޣ
ɲӰ쵽վޣվΪ
Ƶȷʵʾվϵû˹нʮֲ⡣
˹нںĿߣôҲ޷ԲĪʲô
ڻ˹нĵǼʻͻɴξʮʿϮɱж֪᲻˶
ǰ³Ϊ˸߽ʿ˹нҲв
ͬˣվйв˹нԼˡ
˹нҪó㹻Ĵۣ͹ϵһ׻
վϵҲվʱš
ֻҪɳ߽ʿǳס
ڻ˹н֮ʱǰĹĻͨѶ룬ֱӿϵ룬Ȼȵˡ
ңҲƵˣ˹нڽ󣬿ҵӰʱ˰ҴʱϵĿġ
ҲΪ˿£ΪɫĻ˻֣һ鱨˹
˹н鱨ʮʿϡ
ϲʮʿƬݶϸϣӺʱӣʱΪʿʱܾǰ̹ǡ
ң治µҲº֪ģ˹нЦҡͷ˵
֪ЩûбҪģܹõϸϣͺ˵ˡ
û뵽Ӧҵ£Ȼɲǰ㣬ԺӴҪһЩСıˣҳ˵
²ûи˺ҿԶԴ˹нһæ˵
˹нھк̶ܴȽ˼밲ҽôӰھеȨơ
㾡һһ̸̸ϣǳ𣡡˼Ƭ̲˵
ͬϣ˹н֮Ĺϵ㽩һ˹нϵҲΪû˹нĹϵ
ԴӰҿվ޺ƽദƵĵһ뷨ǧ˹нͻ
һվޣǻ˹н鷳ǶռҲǾ޴ںġ
˵վһƵռĵλǰͬ
ǰռ壬ǽռĶţмǿǱ
ڵӵվ޵ʹκ˶Ҫǵһ㣬ݴǡ
˹нûյ鱨򰲵ϱƵðػվġ
ΪжʱϴƵУһʬ壬˵Ǵʿʬ壬沿ʶҲ֤ʵ㡣
˫ͷ֯붯һλʮһĸ߽ʿжǰɱλʮһĸ߽ʿ
нʿɱ߽ʿô˵˻ɡ
˵֮ǰ̫յ⻷ս߽ʿûκֻ̫У߽ʿпܡ
ֻ̹߽ʿʵܵκӰ졣
߽ʿֻҪɵӣվﲻɱнʿװ˻ףҲ޷ɱһ߽ʿ
߽ʿôöԸǸͷˡ
ļĻ׿ɱһ߽ʿ̫࣬ļĻҲֻнʿн׵ս
԰ڿǸƵ󣬵һ뷨̹˰֡
֮Ȼֻǰû뵽ǣİ־Ȼվޡ
Ҳվ޵ĹϵҲŻżҵ˹н׷˹нǲΪ֮ǰ£üڲ
Ǳ׼ôظ˹н뵽˿Ŀߣʵ
ʲôûظģѾÿ׼лͻɴڵʿӢµʿ赲סվޣ̹ǺܿѾױˣҲм˵
⽻ĺڣ˹нҡͷ̾
κνǶ˵Ҳ赲סվ޵Ĺվôֹܿɱ¾
ǲ֪ǣдʵΪϡ
վûзĴڣĻڿ֮н̹еĽ
ͻɴԶʻ״̬ͻɴãĴʹڲռ䲻á
رܵһӰ죬ֻܼСȡ
ҲӰ쵽Լƻ
Ӣһչϵǣ㼯ͨ뵽ڡ
У״̬תΪľϵȫƵ״̬
ӢʱûʲôĲֻһЩ޷ȫչӶЧһ㡣
ˡӢľദľʱڣɫҺеľ޵
޵ϵУԸܵ޵С
ɫҺԾ޵ĳ洦Զ׼ġ
ž޵ĸʱľʱеɫҺӯˣɫҺ뵽
ɫҺʱӾ޵ȴ˵ĲƺɫҺʧþ޵о˲
ЦЦȻ޵ûȫǽ䵱ǻľʱӲơ
ǵģľʱӵĿƲ֮ǰΪˡ
׵Ľ޵ľʱȡŻغһΪԼȫľʱӡ
ҪƷľʱʱȴľʱû
ͨƷУҲ޷롣
֣Ҳֻо޵Ĵڣܽսľʱӣ֮ǰðʧƾ޵жУĪľʱӵĳֹܡ
ϵȫָҲظ۷״̬ٴοʼ
һѡ֮ǰսУϵСռڵĻ˴롣
񡮰νطѾΪǿֶ֮һȻҪЩ䡣
תһ㼯Ϊ˻
תûͨתתΪɿصĻûϿ塣
һε⣬ת֮ʱദһнڵĻȫࡣ
δй⣬һæͶ뵽ദ
ಢûܵӰ죬ЩȥĻľʱڵľ޵ȥˡ
վʲôԣվ޲ٿعվŻԡ
ôҲû뵽Ļȴ޵ȥ
ž޵ܿͱ޵ڵˡ
޵֮УĻһ临ӵͼתţӵͼƺʲôд޵ڡ
ܵ˾޵ԻдϲԾ޵ŲСİ
վ޸˵Ҳ˵飡ԱԹ
Զ֪޵Ҫջ
ͬʱҲ֪޵˻᲻Ծ޵ʲôӰ죬һжδ֪ġ
ǸָףԼĺӣûа취֪ԼǷд


148 
һٷӵġϵСռڲûһ޵ȴǷǳá
޵ϵУܵ˾޵״̬һɳ״̬
ЩԥǷԺҪ롮ԻӰ쵽ȡ
վ޽޵и޵֮ϵţֻҪ޵վ޻
ʱվ޽ΪĵƣȻлһ޵ļ֤ģָԸᡣ
Ϊ˾޵ÿεϵУһ
վһ壬վ˲ͣ
ϵʿԼǼϤģԼжǿֻҪͨһܹܳ
԰ٷ֮ٿ϶ʮ֮һ
һԼ֮ǰڽеڶϵǰûĸо
Ȼþദľʱڵվ޾޵վ޾޵йء
ʱĸоʱеĻϵ޵֮Уû˿
ԣɢģ뵽˹ؼ֮ɳе
ھ޵ڣǸӵĻϵɵͼγɺ󣬴֮ĳδ֪뵽޵ڣУδ֪塣
ѵǿҵжϷš
Ǽ䲻жϣΪʹﵽܹﵽļޣΨһܹķʽӰ£ϸӶʵʡ
û˵⣬ʲôֱǿ
ʵǰòš
ֻеһٿˣ׼ٶˣⲻǿ˼ͿԵóġ
̫պУȵ˵ڶϵˡӢľʱӵɫҺָٽ˵ڶεġ
ǰһһģһҪԭյ̡
Уرעվ޾޵ڸӻϵͼƵܻϵͼڽ޵ǰȷʵǴͨˡ
ľδ֪Ӵʱָоƺûκв
Ⲣζδ֪º͵ģ෴ľ֪Уδ֪Ϊֲ
޵ϵδ֪ڽ޵ǰȴݻ塣
֪Լ֪ʶѷʲôԶ޷жϡ
λȥռѧϰһЩ֪ʶصЩҳδ֪ϣҪ֪δ֪ʲô
ͻɴھĺкڳζŹֵӪʳȴǷϵͳ˾ʾϢ
еӪʳżʻĻܣڱ֮УˡطϸһʻĻ
ڼʻĻϣʮҷɴ̫֮ͣС
ʻĻϵͨⲢǹƵռרƵ
۾΢Уʱϻˡþ߻סеװװʱӦͻ
ǰ˹ȥ׼ͨƵƵд˰˹ͬʱ˹ӰҲڹĻϡ
ǰ˹ĵķ˴롣
˹ôģЩֵʵ
Ź㣬˹һ֧̫ˡ
ҹ㣬˵̹˼£˹˷֮˵
ЦЦǼƵƵ밲˹˵ʲôġ
ҲЩװΪҪð˹ĿֲȫףΪ˱
ɰ˹Ϊ֧ӶûвҪ˵ռϵˣǾǰ˹ˡ
ͻɴ򽢶ӣʮҷɴǴͷɴѹô죬ͷɴԶ̷ٶͻɴ޷ȵġ
ϤķɴǲԺţԱݡ
ͻɴڲԺŵǣ£뵽Ժڲ
þ߻סǡ˫ָһ̨Ļס
̨ĻʮʿģսƷǲġ
ɣͻɴҪȥеƷͻɴ
ջ˲սƷ˹Цǰӭӵ
е̨ףȻϵǾӢʿĶƻס
ĸװӭǵǻ˹нʲôɵ¡
˹нƽʱھйĶǶܹʮֵӦ֣Ҳھдʱ䳤ˣ·Ҳƫе·
е·ȭͷ£ͲҪ̸
˹̨ҪҴ̨׷º˵վڰ˹ûһڸеĿٹܼңæٹܼң
Ϊ޷ð˹ү£ٹܼҹ˵
ܵ˿ٹܼ̬ϵĲͬǽͬȼĴڣڻҪһЩ
ٹܼң̫ˣ΢ЦŻص
ʮܵվ޵Ӱ
Ҳܵʮ̹ȻΪȷʵٻվޣȻֻһεĻᣬǵ
ٹܼҵĿ˸һ£ϳɾ̬иܵʲôЦݸӵֿ
վô£ص˷䣬ٹܼ뿪󣬰˹û뿪׷ʵ
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޷ȷռߵ֪˶ݣҲ֪λش𰲸˹⡣
ǿǱߴģ˹Ҳûʲôֱӽһϴ˵
ԼֻǷݴӵƵվͻɴͣĹ̡
ƵУûпԼӰĲ١
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ͨ⽻Ƶģ֮м֪ˣ˹ЦŻش
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151 ɴ
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˶εѵþ߻סڱȡװãֻһʱ䡣
ʹþȡ̿ԴҪȡʼһʱͿɻ׵װء
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߽ʿҲûпռ䱳ֺö
ôܣ˹ҲһֱҪһǾǱ͵ģɯʿ֪һЩҡͷ˵
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Ϊ°˹֮£漰˼ϵᣬվ޳֮ʱ˹нǱ롣
Ͼͳռ䱳Ǿˡ
Ȼǻ˹нһĪľһӴĻ
ռ䱳ʹã˷ѣʿ˵
ʵҲнʿ˵λ߽ʿˣʿĻ˶ˡ
ŮԸ߽ʿʿһۣ밲˹ĹϵԼ˴һĳԱǡӢмϣɹľͻŮԸ߽ʿԿռ䱳ʲô̰
Ҳ֪һ㣬Żᵱǵ򿪿ռ䱳
šԾ㣬ռתо⵽ܵһѹ
þ߻ס˷ӦԶоٴλع鵽㡣
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￴ûʲôͬڹĻԵĸָԼ˹ԶάšʮĲ˵Ĳͬ
Ŀ껹һḷ́⵱Ȼָǡšȫٵʱ䡣
š֮Сͷɴٶȣ˳ı
ļĴͷɴ棬ƶΪ͵ġšƶʱ˴롣
ʿμĵִҲԽԽӽĿصʧԽ絽ĿصԽ


155 
ʮСʱ󣬡šʻĻϸݿٱ仯
оԼ϶Ȼһᣬþ߻סһԶ˻׵ĸоָ
뿪˿߼Щȷʿѯʵ
ǵģǵĿ˸߼ڸ߼ļ豸Ҫǰأʿͷ͵
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šȫٺУʮСʱ󵽴Ŀꡣ
ҪΪԭ㣬ɨ豸ʿָӵ
װˡþ߻סտʿİţɨ豸Ȼֶʻššʼĵļˡط
ûоϵʿֻҪСһЩ̫Ķû˭ע⵽ľϸߡ
Ȼλ߽ʿֵļΪɣҲһֱ˵񲢲鷳Ҫλ߽ʿ񣬻ڸ߽ʿʲô鷳ɶ߼ʿԣв֮֡
֪ĿʲôʿҲûϸ˵̫֮Уκ嶼Ǽرġ
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ŮԸ߽ʿĻʮƯŸСװΡ
ʿĻ׷ȫͬһ̨صĻףеҲһֻ׸׿ܡ
⻹һοʿʹôܵģȻ˵ע̶ȼֲܹԿĹ
ʹôΪĺʹʧȥķȣõǸǿķ
λ߽ʿҪκεĽǿʿͨͨˡš߽ʿٸ
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͵ľʱ棬û˿װΣκεܹ̫зеװãٶעһۡ
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⺿ԡšӲûκƻֻǲϵĴһٲӴ
ٹټǹŹﲢĺйСһ˿˺ԡ
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Ź˵ļλɫѪҺЩɫѪҺŸ߽ʿŸ߽ʿſַһС
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ɶû˿ͼȫϵĿʿȴķХŮסˡ
ȫʿãս֮УȫʿżҪãûжʿԸΪķʿ
ϵʿУԸȫҲܺ
ȫҪֵֿطҪżΪۺϵΪ֧ţȫʿҲֻд
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ХŮªϣһƣĹҲԽԽ
ֱɯʿеĻץסһᣬΪһɫ˼ХŮĺĽХŮĲгء
ХŮԴϣǷһų׵İ


156 
սˣûΣˣʿͨרƵ˵
ȥǣӦ
šս֮ʱ˸ȵ
ЩȥĹʬ壬ȫΪ˺ɫĩɢ̫գûκε岿֡
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˵ʿ˵ûΣգɲǸ߽ʿЩԸ߽ʿûΣգнʿ˵ˡ
ȻҪǣһһ߽ʿ̫֮Уûκװĸ߽ʿ̫
Ժ̫ջһľη
Щʲôľʷɴԣڲ鿴ľʷɴĿʿѯʵ
㻹ûнӴ飿ʿʣʵ
ֲһ֮࣬ǰڲʱû˵飡ǳ϶ҡҡͷ˵
Ǿѹˣһֻнʿʸ֪Ϊ˷ֹͨɲӰ죡ʿЩٶȣͬʱҲ֪ԭɡ
Ӻˣôֻнʿʸ֪
ʿ֮Ун׺Կʱӵѹͨ˵ս
Ҿ͸ռһص֪ʶղŵļХŮбȽǿһ֣ռ䣬о洦ڲͬռһ档
еȻγɵģʵǿռѷ죬ӵһ棬Ǹ档
ռѷСͬҲֱ仯ռѷ촦С޷룬ͬʱܵСӰ֮ʱǾǵͼ
нĿռѷСͨнʿפ߽ĿռѷֵȽϸΪǿ󣬾ɸ߽ʿפʿΪ͵
ХŮôӸ߼ڳˣǲ̫ףȻи߽ʿڸ߼פôľʷɴ˸߼ķΧ
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Σո֪ûʾ˵ľûʲôΣա
Ҳǣλ߽ʿľʷɴ¸Ѿȷľʷɴû˿Σԡ
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û֣ʹþѾ߼ʿжʮ
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λ߽ʿҲûʱ־֮С
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ɫˮͬľճһ㣬ֵаϢžӿȥ


157 ˮ
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ӺɫˮаϢԼٶȳꡣ
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ƹҪϵظϰһϤ临Գ
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ĵһžܹ֡ôĻƳɹҪл˹ġطȵԾĿ
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֮ǰƹ֣ҪרĻƣҪάѾƺõĹ֣֮¼һ˿ģԶĻṩ档
ԼľϵڣʧˣЩҲ˷ѡ
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ʧܵҪԭ򣬾Ǵ̫ˣƹ衣
ֻҪӵʮöɫˮͨľʱתΪľһɹֵĻơ
ڰ˼֮Ĺֵǿֻܶ࣬Ҫ㹻ĴЩͲʲôѡ
Ӧһ´ھϵֵĻ֮УЩòʱ䣬ЩͻᱻϵڵľͬΪӵʶľ
˷ЩסͶ뵽âУâա
Ȼˣûʧֻڴ˵еĴھϵʿĺô
̽壬΢΢һӦͷ־ֱ۵ı仯˶ʮ幫Ҳﵽ˶ʮס
һӶʵûʲôζϵմ߼֮䣬Ϳӵа˼ľ
ȻҪĲ룬ǾϵڵĹ֡
ľʷɴڷص΢ͷɴʱЩ£ڴĳ֣Ȼľʷɴھͽ״̬
ûзʲôŵ̡
ֻпʿϢһµ·ߣҪ߼
ڵĿ߼ڣɲҽ룬ʿҲǵһ㣬Ϊ˲ðս߼Żһ·ߡ
ǵһμʻ΢ͷɴ΢ͷɴٶȫ֮󣬲εҡҡͷκЩˡ
ļ㣬һκеԤԾ㣬ҪʮĺС
΢ͷɴڴӪԱ֤Ӫ룬ֻζԱ֤ˡ
ʱҲû취΢ͷɴľʷɴŹ滮õ·߳ˡ
ܹںеĹУһҲĪĴͷɴ˳·ĻʱͿˡ
ǳֿԼ̫ͣǷæĺҪɴѣ˵˳·ģܹװ΢ͷɴľʷɴģǸǲʵ
̫֮УûаҹֻиݷɴĻϵʱ֪ʱʧ
Сռĳʱ亽У˵־һֿ顣
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ټദľʱÿն뾫һȫϴʹÿһ춼Դѵ״̬֮С
ת۾һܹȥˣСĿռ޷ǾӰ졣
Ȼ֪лúɫˮľ쳵ⲢûӰץÿһξʱ
ÿһεһҲõɫˮô󣬸׽ӽɹ
εΣڰļʻ
΢ͷɴ䱸һ׼ɨ豸ɨ豸зֺͨʾ
̽ڹĻ㣬һҷɴ


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̫һҷɴ֮ʱĲʲô˷ϲãĽ䱸
΢ͷɴһֻŹֵľͷɴ˵ĸоС
̫޷֮أ֮ʱһֳСִмֵƷһ̰֮⡣
ľͷɴڸ߽ʿ㸻енʿ˵㲻жټֵ
ΪľͷɴƷ棬ټֱӷճǣľͷɴֻ˳֮£Ҳῴľͷɴֵ
ʱǲҪˣ΢ͷɴɨ赽˶ԷԷҲһǸʱͷ΢ͷɴ
һĿռ䱳þ߻סͳһ˻׵װء
þ߻סа
ʱſʼϸ۲ǷɴһͷɴʽδģٲǲĪķɴ
ͷɴȫ״̬߻ᾭ΢ͷɴĸ
ûгɣʻ΢ͷɴÿ˺ߡ
ʾı֣ҲûдĿǰ£˷ͻ
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ȡʾʽҲ֮٣΢ͷɴϵͳûУʻϵͳǼ򻯹ģ޷ȷĿơ
΢ͷɴɴ̫սֱȫܵ¡
ȻĴ㣬ɲΪ̫װ˻׵нʿĴڡ
ɾ֮ʱֲ̫΢ͷɴĹĻʾϢ
ע⣬ֳΣյȼ壡
Σյȼ壬ѾΣյȼˡ
ͨԼĹ۲죬жϳ˱΢ͷɴϵͳݡ
΢ͷɴϵͳǿݿҲȫ棬ǽʹõĹߣȻª
жϳ̫еĹ̫ҹķɴƲֻһҡ
Ǳͷɴڿ˸ȵܶɵܿеĹ
һĻ֮⣬ֲٿͷɴܶٿصķɴ
ΪרҵǿķɴʻԱҲ޷ͬʱ˶ľȷơ
˵ͷɴĲٿѶȸʹͨٿطҪϲпͬܶ
֮ÿܣΪϲϣʵûܹڶʱϡ
˿ܶĸãΪн׾ϵʿ
԰ٷ֮ٿ϶ͷɴڵļʻԱһλнϵľϵʿͷɴ˵Ĳٿ
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ս˫رע΢ͷɴû˿вԵĿꡣ
ʱ׼΢ͷɴ򲻵ѣǲġ
Ҫþ߻ס̫Ưǿɱȼʻ΢ͷɴ鷳
Ȼ׼ľɨ΢ͷɴдӪĹӣеӪȫװ˿ռ䱳ڡ
ռ䱳ڿǿճ˲СĿռ䣬þ߻סԼռݿռƷѾװϡ
Ӫռ䱳󣬻һЩռ䣬ȡֻС
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һǾϵʿƵͷɴһһҴͷɴͷɴ
ϵʿƵͷɴֻһʽڣҲǴͷɴѡ
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ϵʿƵͷɴǰĹУܣÿ˴ͷɴĶ
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˵֮ǰһֿϷʽڹսڿнʿʱⳡ̫սı׼ǳĹơ
Ҫ֪ǵ˷ǳǿнʿӦûᾪţӦžϵʿƵͷɴ
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зһͷɴڷֹûЧѡ˿ͷɴͷɴı
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û˿ԥϵʿƵͷɴڻڹһͷɴû˿ֿıС
ڼͷɴе˲䣬ͷɴڷɳķɵžϵʿƵͷɴȥ
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ʱͿԿϵʿĿֲͷɴĴ岻ϱɵС
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ҫ۵Ļ̫ڣͷɴĻҪĶ࣬ͷɴһ׼ȷĻ˴ͷɴ
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ûΪսʹ˽ˣͷɴصһӰڴͷɴҲ׵Ӱ
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ұͷɴУнʿ˳ĶԶ
ȴǲһΪս֮У˸߽ʿϢ
һ߽ʿ߽ʿ
Ӵͷɴзɳ׵ʿϵ߽ʿ
ͷɴзɳģһǾϵ߽ʿһϢЩŹ֣ͨϢжϣϢŸ߽пһϵ߽ʿ
оԼûôùúõһμԼǸûб顣
ԼķɴߣԼȴҪɻȥ
Ȿûʲôнʿʵ̫лǰȫǰֻҪ߽ʿ
ں嫵̫Уһҷɴף˵߽ʿˣ뵽߽ʿһ߽ʿ
󿴵ʲô˲õ¼мԻᱻ߽ʿڡ
뵽ܣûԥ΢ͷɴҪûս


159 
ȥǷɴһϵ߽ʿĶһнʿԸ
ǣˣнʿҲĶӦ
нʿת΢ͷɴķȥֵǾϵ߽ʿԵϵ߽ʿûгֹ
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ڣ˫û˷ɴѵҪԼ̫з
ȻûзɴĻǿ̫У̫Ҫʳģ˵߽ʿͿȫʳá
߽ʿʳԺܵͣҲ޷֧ŵ̫ã˭֪̫Ҫжòܵ򣬻ɴ
ϵ߽ʿֻһߵϵ߽ʿҲûлףһҲʮҪ΢ͷɴġ
һ߽ʿȻŻףɻнʿڣ߽ܲʿнʿУܴнʿûлǰ̫ա
΢ͷɴɴȫ״̬ҪһЩʱ䡣
ټ֮ǰȫرյģҲ˲ٵʱ䡣
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нʿȫʱٶȱ΢ͷɴٶȻҪһЩ
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ΪҷɴǱʱ׼ս˫ڽ֮ս
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ʱ΢ͷɴľʷɴĸѾɿɵľʷɴϣϷ롣
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ٻվ޵ĻֻһΣɲ뽫ǱĻ˷˿ûϡ
΢ͷɴõ·ߣԶȥ
׷΢ͷɴнʿ΢ͷɴľԽԽнʿ΢ͷɴ΢ͷɴʱ΢ͷɴȻը
нʿûԤϵᷢ£û˿Ĺ΢ͷɴôͱըˣ
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ˣλ߽ʿڳҪʻ΢ͷɴ뿪ܣ罫΢ͷɴԱеʿ΢ͷɴʧȥȤ
ֻû˿˫˫»ع鵽鷳ϡ
˵ߵľʷɴ֮ǰͷ֣ǺɫˮڣľʷɴҲ޷УƺҪľʷɴУҪĲٿزܹ
˵߽ʿǷܹľʷɴļֵû˷ɴĸ߽ʿҲŸ׸ľʷɴ̫зС
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գȴͻȻתһԲԶнʿ
ϵнʿ޷ϵ߽ʿľ͵Ĺϵнʿԣǽά
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İȫһֱǸ˵֮£ڼ󣬻ὫתΪͳһʽںϽ
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ټϸ鱨֯ߵԵȵȣֶδлҪϢЩþϵ߽ʿͨݼֵ޷оɹ
κˣֻʻɴԼļ壬ֻлع彫оɹУܹġ
Ȼϵ߽ʿֻоɹҲžԵĵġ
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⾫ϵص㣬˾ϵ߽ʿֻڲȫĸɾϵǺѱɱġ
ϵ׵Ϊ½ֲϱǸ߽ϣĿԼߣ½Զ˺̯ȫ½ĹܣҪͨƻ½𼸺̫ܡ
λϵ߽ʿҪȡսʤֻȽϵ߽ʿпܡ
ǿϵ߽ʿ״̬ʹطǿս
ϻλϵ߽ʿͬʱӳеĻɫʲͬ㼯һžϵ׻ȥ
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ֲĶڻ֮ϣϵ׵岻׷ɳȥ
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þϵÿ룬Ҳϵ߽ʿҪģڷһžϵ߽ʿ
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ϵ߽ʿû˺һֹͼ˫ϸš


160 ս
ϵ߽ʿ׾͵ϵ߽ʿǰ֮ʱ˲侫ϵ߽ʿֵĹͼƻΪһסĻ֡
ϵ߽ʿСϷصĿڻϣͬĻ֣ȴǵ
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ϵ߽ʿеͼƻΪһεĲϵ߽ʿӿ˹ȥ
ϵ߽ʿɫ䣬⾫ϵ߽ʿԻĵȼ޷ʩչھϵ߽ʿжܹյط쫷硯
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⻹ֻʸ񣬡쫷硯ǾϵĶطǵȼﵽܹģҪ൱츳
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ʱʧȥܵĻᣬϵ߽ʿ֮ǿΣ֮أΪǽ롮쫷硯
һᣬżǰԽϵ߽ʿ
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ϵ߽ʿûѡϵ߽ʿԱϵ״ϣЧ
ټԱǴǰģֻҪסһͿˡ
Ծϵ߽ʿѡþϵױ˳壬Լǰ
ھϵ׵ھϵ߽ʿǰʱϵ߽ʿԱҲˡ
쫷硯ʧȥ˾ϵ߽ʿľ֧ţѾɢȥµһЩԱ֮£˲䱻û
ԱصĻھϵ֮ϣϵϻ˸ţ䳤ΣΪֲԱ£˹Źֵ޹״
ڳԭĵסϵ߽ʿԱĳУԽԽ
ϵڲ洢ȫĸɾ岻ϵÿһûɢʹԽԽϵ߽ʿԱ
ϵ߽ʿԱȻǲ˵ģԴݻһС
ڡ쫷硯еǣȴʧȥ˷У޷ϵ߽ʿķֻϵ޲Ա
ܹϵ߽ʿķôԱϵʱὫֿһžϵ߽ʿȱڣȻԱĻ󲿷ֵԱͻָķ
Աоϵ׵ĵֵҲþϵ߽ʿ䡣
޲ԱҲͬСҪ״ݻһ̨ӵи߽ϵʵľϵףЩˡ
Ա޲ģ׼ϹæһнʿڻûпʱԱ
нʿֿ޷ִΧĹûһǣܸǲ̸ˡ
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ͬģԶľʷɴԶȴҲ޷ӹԱˡ
ľʷɴڵһֱСԼϢҪⳡʵԵȵĸ߽ʿսۡ
ϵ߽ʿԱʵ̫ˣƥ̫кܴΧռ䷢ɢš
Աڲɢ֮Уὥľʷɴûܹ̫ľ롣
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ľͷ̣֮ǱҲֵƬʱ䡣
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Աĳ̼̣ľͷɴɢ֮ʱԱҲ֮ȥˡ
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ϵ߽ʿ˫û֮ǰ˿ɫǻŭ֮⡣
ⳡžƵսȻɲһܾ˵ľ档
֪һֻһ㣬ԭʵİٷ֮嶼
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Ҫָϵ׵ʵҪͶԴˡ
ϵ߽ʿһϵ״޹̬ΪΣ̬ҲǾϵ׵ĳʼ̬
ˣּ鿴˾ϵ׵ͷ
ϵڲΪ˷ԱҲĵֻʮ֮һ
һҷɴڣôϵϾͿԵõ䣬һʲô⡣
Ŀǰ״£ʮ֮һþϵֻάתϵ߽ʿҪϵ̫շУò˶þͻὫһա
þϵ߽ʿԼʹþУ˵ľҲ಻࣬ȫʢ״̬侫Ҳǿĵġ
ʳ⣬ҲҪ⡣
ϵ߽ʿ徭ܹĸ죬ǻ޷ʳĳ̶ȣһѶԿ˷ʳȴ޷˷Ĵ鷳
ʱϵ߽ʿԶӵϲ
ץסǻ׾ͿΪϵṩͲ˵ˣΪоԱԴ̬ȿԽһͬȵĵλΪûá


161 
ѡڵһʱܣþ߻ס濪󣬵оΣڼٿ
ʿ֮УҪƶٶģеͽʱκһϵʿԵеľϵʿ˸߽֮󣬾ϵʿƾֳˡ
壬Լٶȡ
ȻڲĹ뾫ϵ߽ʿӴһܹһʱĽ̵Ҳûмϵ߽ʿȫ١
ʱ˾ϵ߽ʿٶжôı̬һٿšþ߻ס롣
ľϵ߽ʿٶȣ̶̵ʮʮˡ
ֹͣɱ㣡ϵ߽ʿͨܵ
ϵ߽ʿĿģ˵þֱɱˡ
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߼ϵʵص߼ϵʵھϵ߽ʿľӦ
ֺΪһ£Ȼ⣬ʲô֮¡
֮УָŲܻһЩ˵š
ϵ뾫ϵͬʱн׵ģȴǼ亱ģǸߵ⡣
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һоȤܹʳ鷳ôһʱҲǿԵġ
ϵ߽ʿĻҲ֪Ӳˣͣˡþ߻ס
Сһ뿪ǵСҵǰʩչϵ߽ʿڿַڽʱôг˵
εķſ˽һϵ߽ʿǰҪǲܵ¡
Ҫʩչνطɻûʩչͱˡ
СһϺö٣ռ䱳Уڽ룬ռ䱳ȡ͹ϵ߽ʿľɨ˺ܶࡣ
һ˾ϵ߽ʿӻ롣
׼˺ȽУֽĿռ䱳ȡžϵ߽ʿ
ҪʲôС˼ʵǰ뷲죡ϵ߽ʿ˵
ûһ˿춯ռ䱳ھϵ߽ʿǰ״ٽӽˣǾϵ׽ӹ˿ռ䱳
ϵף˳
ԭΪԼԵ߽ʿû뵽һǾϵףûлġ
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˵ֲû߽ʿĵˣɲϵ߽ʿڸղǿֲ֮£ûܵӰ졣
СһϸģôӪϵ߽ʿľռ䱳˳ɶѵӪЦ˵
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ոҪΪȻҲϵ߽ʿˡ
һԵľϵǰִСȴ̽ȡ˳
ûж뾫ϵ׵ľǳȴһ⣬⾫ϵ׾ء
Ϊ޷֪ϵ׵һ˿ɲûмʶʿ
뾫ϵйӴʿ֪ϵ׺֪ܶʶ
ϵ߽ʿǳķӦֻУһܹĵ̫շУЩ¿
ȻΪҪǣϵ߽ʿûΪз
߼ϵʵʲôǣֻӴܷЧнʿֻҪͻᱻǰ
˵Ҳһʱþֹ
ٶȿɲٶȿɱȵģóսľϵ߽ʿսԶͬϵʿ
ζԷ֪ϵ߽ʿʵʵΪһֻ֪оľϵ߽ʿôԲֻϵ߽ʿ
Сһҿϵ߽ʿֶ˵
һ㶣һֱҪϵ߽ʿû뵽ϵ߽ʿȥ
׾ϵ߽ʿŴӺζԼĻᡣ
֪˾ϵ߽ʿӵһĶû˿ͷбһƬ
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뾫ϵ߽ʿ֮ľǳϵ߽ʿ־ͽӴԴϵ߽ʿҲġ
һֻͷͨĽӴͿԼǷʲô쳣
ֻֽҪͷʱȻˡط
طûʲôʵ߼ֳһٸϸߡ
ÿһϸ߶˶ʮ幫ƾʮ幫Ҫɱһϵ߽ʿ
طҲΪ䲢սططļҪʱ׼ټطģֱڵľ
ԡطġͼơҪ⼤ͿԼҲСطص㡣
Խǿľط伤ʽԽҪעԡ
ϵ߽ʿ֪ľ쳣ȡֹжûѡԸľ
Ǿһ˿вҪˣֿܹõѵ
ϵ߽ʿľΪһȭֻ°ٷ֮ľҲСС߼ʿԵֵġ
ȭĸʱϵ߽ʿͻȻоһļ¡
ϵ߽ʿ֪һٸϸ֮Уһϸڲʲô
Ǿϵϵ߽ʿ
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ϵʵ̫ÿһϵ֣޷ͱ߽ˡ
ϵ߽ʿǴڼȵڣľǿһЩûʹİٷ֮徫˹ľϵ׻һЩ
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Ϊϵ߽ʿʮľٶȱ߼Ҫ̫ࡣ
Ȼ뾫ϵ߽ʿ֮ľʵ̫ˣٶϵĲʵ
ϵ߽ʿûת򹥻ͷתĻô˷һʱ䣬ʱ˵;˫
ʮľκһöֻҪԶص𵴡
ֻҪһĿ꣬ô𵴣ͿĹֹͣ
䣡ϵ߽ʿľȷʵһĸû˿˷ʱ䣬УֻþȭΪɽѵΪ˻ɱ
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ſһѪϵ߽ʿľվ͸Ƥϡ
վ޵ƤϵʮĹֹʮ룬Ȼʵ̫СʮɵҲ˲ˡ


162 ջ
ûȥܿеѪžϵ߽ʿֱöϵ̴Ӿϵ߽ʿǰɳصıڣǰ
ЩԼһλϵ߽ʿʱܻɱ⾫ϵ߽ʿ
ȻҲ⾫ϵ߽ʿھ֮ǰսʵʮһ
ӾϵϷģҲ֣ᶨ˳ֵ뷨
ÿÿ뵽ղžϵ߽ʿëȻ֮УΪʮֵϤ
֮뿪ĹΪ뽫о󣬶ϵ߽ʿĿǿСĿ⡣
˵ʵ˻нʿû˭ھϵ߽ʿ¶ɱ֮ǰڳַ
ͬŶԸ߽ʿľ飬еĸ߽ʿҲλ
Ծϵ߽ʿʱûнʿִηУֻҪһ˿ῼǷɱ
ϵ߽ʿʬԣȡԼĿռ䱳
̫֮Уû˷ɴռ䱳ڵӪȥı֤
ռ䱳һȨ޲ûбȡҪΪϵ߽ʿǿнռ䱳ڣûռ䱳Ȩޡ
ֻҪϵ߽ʿ˿ʱ䣬ͻ᳹׽ռ䱳ĳԼƷ
ûоϵ߽ʿʵľڿռ䱳ϲţڲƷбųӪ˵
ֱʱпղ鿴εսƷ
ʧСʧȥ΢ͷɴľʷɴõĸࡣ
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ڲʱʱûиоϵĸ߲ɼ
ʱֳľ츳һλʦΪʦĹϵס
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ĲĪռ壬ӵϵİ˹УҲû̽һλϵ߽ʿӵоϵס
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ϵ׵һôϵ׾ͻʧȥԣع鵽ȴ¼״̬
ϵ״Ƚþ߻ס뼸װϡ
ϸϸĴϵףϵԭȥľϵ߽ʿͬݣԾϵ߽ʿϵپʧˣֻһƽ塣
֣˾ϵ׵ĺԴһС
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Ӹͼϲһǣľڸͼ֮š
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ⳤʹϵĻƣһԿռƷıǡ


163 
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оһһԿռƷסҪһԿռƷĳ嶯
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Ҳѹֿռ䱳޷ռռ޷صģҲΪοռ䱳ܾһԿռƷԭ
СĵĽһԿռƷսˡþ߻סĴڣֽǶƷȫռ䱳ûκ©󣬲ŽǶƷӵ
ûмԶȥ
ǰһͼͱڡþ߻סڵġ
ͼǲõԼ̫·
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һǹ̶ģھԮͧз˻˷ɴڸɨ裬ûзЯΣδ֪뿪
ӭǴ޶ڲĪֿＯţƷĿ޶ڿʻգæǰ
޶лǲĪķɴϴϵЦݹ˵
ǰĿ޶һˣһСĶһλнʿ
ĸ֪޶ĵȼ޶ֻһʿ
Ӧģû뵽ᣬô̫֮еģ޶еӣЩʵ
ϳһֻϵףһŻ׵нʿôǱ̫Ư
ҵù氵Ҽʻֻ΢ͷɴ΢ͷɴ汻٣ֻзɻȥˣε̾˵
ҵĽѧϰм¼ʵ氵޷ԭɵ̫ѡ
̫ѶԾ󲿷ֵķɴûӰ죬Ⲣûκη΢ͷɴ
Ȼ氵ķʺСĻʸǺܹһһƱȴһصȽĻʡ
ѽ޶ֽ̾˵ѾΪס䲻£
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뿪󣬿޶ϣָûš
޶ûиʵʶġ
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֪ı࣬ΪкѾھǱ֪˸ء
һᣬһѵĿǰݣʿȦĻᡣ
޶ǱߣټûܹʹõԴ٣ʮֻ꣬һʿ
ڸ֪߼ʿϢʱǼȲƽġ
Ϊʲôô߼ʿʵҲŬȴ֮ͣϡ
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ֻǿ޶ˣֻҪ鱨ṩλѣͨλѽ鱨͵˹н
Ҫ֪˹нһֱռ鱨ľҲǻ˹нһϵģλܵͣȴҲ˹нϢ
޶Ψһԥͳ鱨һ֣ͻܵռһı޷ܵı
ȻҪõ棬һḶۣźܶĿ޶Ȼһ㡣
Ҫٹˣ˿˷ɴļʻңа
ʻУнʿ⣬ûκʿˡ
˶δûһϣûʿԸ
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˵ӵлף߼ʿҲǿһֻ־ͽĴڡ
ô޶Ͳûжսɡ
鱨ȥ֮ɫ·𿴵Լظ˵緢
֪Ϣй©ȥˣ󸱴һ䷿֮С
˵һ䷿䣬һ䣬䷿䶼ûУֻһŴԼʮƽĻ
û˵ʲô֪˷ɴʲô
˷ɴǳӴ󣬵ڴԱȴǳСӴĿռ䶼ǻա
еֻӷڵϣȻڴϣⴲϵĴûζζҲ˲ˡ
ǵڴϺͽ˯״̬
˷ɴҲûдԱһֱ˯ദľʱɫҺ壬ѹ
Ӵû䣬ĶԼľΪԼ塣
ΪһϵнʿʹþǷǳɵġ
ȡԼֻ˷ɴԼ磬޶Ҫͨڲϵֻϵ
ֻϲûп޶ϢҲû⡣
ԼļƻòӪ˷ɴҲʲôöɳԣҲǿζЩӪѡ
֮еӿڣϵ롮þ߻סӵӿϣгܡ
ڷ֮УʼӢ
Ѿʮûнϵˣ˺ʵĻʱ䣬ʼ
֮ǰöۼĽָΪԼһõĻٷˡľҩ


164 
ڵĸо˸
֪һ¾ϵ׵״̬ʱϵѾ״̬
һϵߵ˷λá
˷ɴٶȲ죬صĪ򣬻Ҫʮϵʱ䡣
ɲ˷ʮʱˣѹûô˷ѹʱ䡣
ϵ׵⣬Ҳǹˡ
ϵӢ롮
Ҫٶڵսǡõѡ
Ҫһܹнʿ׶Ϊսľϵ
ֻߵ˸߽ʿ׶Σϵ׵ʵԶʵϵ׶ʲôԣ
ȷʵܿ죬ϵҲ֮֮һ
Ϊδ룬ǾӢ
߼Ķ뿪Ǻ󣬼ÿһλʿ޲ԡӢĽ
ϵʮأͬԼһĸ֪žϵ׵Ļ塣
ǰ֪ԼľϵףҪΪһࡣ
ڻһģһ˵һģһ
Ƥ⡢ࡢѪҺȵȣ֯ȫͬԶɵġ
ϵ׵ϵͳҲʱתΪһתʽͨѪҺĸ
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ȻڲҪʱ״̬ʱԸı䣬Ŀǰģ״ֻ̬Ϊ
֪ϵΪܹģģӾϵ׼⣬ټϻҪɾϵʿͿԿеƻǷǳġ
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165 ͸
뾫ϵ׶ţָһ˿ľϵϵҲָͬһ˿ľϵ֡
΢ľϵָӺഥˣûԤںϣľϵ˴֮䶼żǿĶԣһͬԵҲصųС
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һ͵Ծ㣬жţҪԸôʱõѡ
ΪԾ㣬ǹԾ㣬ȻŲٵķɴǸֵӰ̫
Ծ㣬ǲĪڲԾҪﶯ֣Ƹ
ͻȻУĻݲûʲô֡
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ϵȻڷУתΪ״̬ģѪҺȵȣ߼ϢҲ΢΢ɢ
þϵΪնԼڰȴ˵ĳ֡
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Ӵͻڷɳҵ½Ż˷ɴ
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ٶˣһ֣Ҳ޷ܴͻĹ
𿴴ͻ˿ͻϿн̵ϵͳǧ׵ľϣһ־ͻܶԷʽĴ


166 
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ͻںˮƶţɨ豸Ͻ׵ϢԣԽϢתΪͼʾڹĻϡ
һ޴ĺע⣬ȷǳ룬ټܱ׽ʯΧֻҪصؿɨ裬޷⺣صսġ
ԷֻҪ֣ͻһֱﲻ
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170 ䷽
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ճɨ赽ֻԼķɳʱǾĻ˹нյ˼鱨
棬ճǣ
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ӵһľУиɨװõľˣǿܹ֪ߵʵֻнʿ
˹нӣ֪ѾôҪн
һǿ϶ģλ޷סˣռϵݣԼʮļ߽ʿʵĴΡ
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һҲǿģһλʮľϵ߽ʿӵһ̨ϵ߽ʿսľϵףܹһԶǿɱϵ߽ʿʵ
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Ϊ߽ʿҩ䷽ݿҪˣȴ߽ʿҩ䷽ֻռݿĺСһ֡
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û˹нĵλһǧɣʧȥеȨǼȨǾеȨԶ


172 
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˰˹е˼Ҳ˵һʱ䣬Σյġ
˹棬ԼǻܵϮġ
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оһ̨ӵԣоҵĺġ
˹Ļ˹ڲооҵԿ
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173 
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174 ɹ
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ľ֮İ˼ϵʿΪǿⶼǰǾ洦
ȻǾЧҲ½ˣһֻһöİǾԼľף幫
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ҲʱһǵһʹðǾЧȻá
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УŶʿÿͻöǾҲпʱͨת˵ķʽǱ֧
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175 
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еȻռصԭ򣬰Ա֪оͽûײϺС
ȻûʲôģֻͲʽ仧Լҵķɴ칫˾Ϊȶʵ֮ΪƹȡӦеȨ档
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оĵݼ⣬ʹооõ˼ӡ
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ͼɴ칫˾мĳ⣬Ը߼ۻоɹ

ո˷ɳʹ˳ӵҪѰġ
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λ߽ʿ˼ǷųһƣЩָ
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µоڶоԱҲ֪
ȻʶտнڣоԱҲӦǲĪооԱˡ
ݳƷտн㿴ܵ˺տнڵľǶԾϵ߽ʿ𾴣ҲܾտнڵҪ
ҲԺտнڿ˵ªЩΣԣоѾǼݳˣںտнڵȴǼªġ
ҲûײϡһоĿоܵ˲ĪоԺļӣܵоо߼ġ
оȣȷʵϺܶ࣬豸ȫѡ
տнڵ˵ͷעȫʵ̨ϵֻˣûκ¿Ӱ쵽
ݺԼ˹ʱһݺԼֻ˵
ָ㣬һĻ֣ԼһʾڹĻϡ
˹ЩţΪݺԼҹټշɴ칫˾йɶԼռҪԱоݺԼ
죬ûôɴ̵Ĵڣһ㶼ġ
첻һˣЩɴ˵Ϊоɹ³շɴ칫˾ó
ݺԼݺԼҪǼ㡣
һշɴ칫˾һǧڲĪҵļ۸񣬹ġûײϡоɹ
ԺֻҪġûײϡоɹķɴİٷ֮Уշɴ칫˾оɹκʹоɹҵҲͬһ
շɴ칫˾ǧ֮ĹȨ
ռΪȡ߼оԱʣԼһо
ݶͨҵֻɨһ顣
˵ʵЩ̫ӣΪûײϡоɹûҪ
ʱóоɹ²ϣԼеĲϡ
˹ˣͶɣЦŶ԰˹˵
㲻ٿǿǣʵҪģ˹Ȱ˵
ˣûж˵ʲô־ںԼϼԼϢ
֪ܲܿоݣտнƺû̸ۺԼ֮£תͷʵ
˼տнڣڸղоݰ²ϵ䷽Ҷתø˰˹̯̯˵
տнڣ뿴ݣҪоɹ֮پռǩ˱Эܲ鿴˹ҲǸɴػص
ڵȻܽݸտнڿϵǧڵĲֵԼһҵȵλ
տнǲܵģ԰˹ѡϣһʱ䣬˼ٿǿЩݡ
֪ǷȤĪоԺо˲ŲӦ˷տн˰˹еѣҲûתͷЦ˵
տнڣҶоֻǸ˰ãΪ׬ȡһЩԴεоɹ㹻ҵˣ΢Ц˵
տнҲϣչоֻ¡
ҲǾϵϵͬʱ⵹ûʲôģȻ亱ڴ֮У츳ʵ̫࣬˫ϵͬ㲻ʲôرڸ߼֮У˫ϵͬ޸ձ顣
һϣܼоȥ̫˷о츳ˣٴоһоԺΪоԱտнڳջ
տнڵĻһ
оԱڲĪ֮Уżĵλ
оԱû̫ȨӰλġ
ÿһλоԱӵвĪŵĸ߽ʿҲźܶĸȨ
տнڣΪ˰һȥģЦ˵
տн¶ЦݣѾˣλȥ취ͨĸ߼оԱݡ
ܹܵ߼оԱĸӴоҵ
տн֮ôΪղŲ鿴оƷоƷȻֱӦá
Ҫ֪󲿷ֵоɹҪһתĹ̡
ҪǣεоɹֱòĪڡûײϡһо򣬳ʱ䡣


176 
ռ彫շɴ칫˾ǩԼϢ˳ȥ뿪˽оʱȴ˺ܶࡣ
ܹҪģǿδġ
󲿷ֵ˶ΪʹȻһоɹĳ֣ȷʵҪܴɷݡ
ȴԼĿǣŶ󣬾оɹ֮Īֵ֧£пܼչֳо츳
ֿСҲֵ˶Ͷ롣
ЩҪʧˣԼоôģҪ˵ķͶʡ
ֻҪԸ⣬ʱóͬȵģ߸ߵȵоɹ
˵⴦˽оңҲ׼ˣ⴦оڵѾ롮ûײϡص϶תƸ˰˹
ڰ˹컹豸תƣ⵽ǡûײϡо豸ĳЩ鷳ʱͻõЩ豸
˽оҵ豸תƣҲΪ˲Ҫ߽ʿפأǶռ߶սļ˷ѡ
ԼҲõо֮£רоڼӼװо豸ͿԽˡ
Լסլҡ
Уϵ׻ʱľϵѾﵽ˰˼
ľϵ˼󣬾ϵ׵ߵȼҲõһ
ϵѾ˽£սȫԷӳ˼ʿʵĳ̶ֳϣϵ׵ϵս塣
ȻΪҪǣͨϵ׽˼Ḷ́һ߼˼Ḷ́ϵŲС洦
Ҫ֪ϵĽɲףϵӯҪɹڲѹ̮ʹڲʵ
̼ʧܣÿһʧܶʹϵڲ洢ģصϵֲˡ
һͨϵ߼˼ĸ򣬵һγɹľ飬ڽ˼ʱûϰ
ңΪ˳Աϵ
µʱ䣬ÿ춼õʮöǱңǻ㼯ĽָԼøҩ̶ȵĸԼõ
µͨɹ
ϵִﵽӯ״̬Ҳ֪ΪЩʿôľʵǿЩȼԴĸٶôܲ졣
˵ÿʮöǱңûʲôнʿĵ
ĵһ˵ɴһȥصĻɫҪʮʱ䣬ټҪԸλнʿ
һҲֻܵõʮǱҵıꡣ
⻹սͨнʿ䱨١
нʿ񣬻õǱҩݳ޵ʽ
һãӾϵ߽ʿսƷеõʮǱңҲ᲻ĵ
ľϵеľۼָȡ˹ָھϵ׵ʹá
뱩¶ϵ׵Ĵڣʱ䣬ϵһֱ֮С
þ˾ۼĽָԼˡľҩʮöƯǰǱһöҲ顣
ͻƵĹ̳ϵ˳ͬϵ׵ͻһΪֵܳ鷳һ㶼ûг֡
ֵѹ̮ٵɸǿʮھͽˡ
µʮӣʱ䲻ϵΪտյİ˼ϵ
֣һɫ
ϵҲﵽ˰˼ĿԼ
ʿʵǿĵ˸Ϊǿ˽ȸС
ΪһĴǱҵĶ߼˼ӿʼɹĵ˽ǧöǱңлۼָİ
֪öܹۼĽָʲôֵԿ϶ռû˵Ʒ
ҲֻͨϵĲãܹһۼЧ
ʹõһۼĽָЧҵЧͻ˵ͬһԭЧܹͻ
ദľʱӿɫҺ壬ָһν뵽״̬
һǡѾоҲҪˣĿǰٶȣԼ޵Լ˸߽ʿ֮󣬾޵Ҳ
浽˸߽ʿ󣬾ԶԶˣ˵ҲҪһָõĻϵܹʱøǿЧ
˸Ļϵ޵ҲͿԴӾ޵øĺôԼõǿʷ
ֻ֮ǰҪռһŶĻϵҪܳʱü幱ס
ڲͬˣóˡûײϡоɹռһҲһĵıҪֶΡ
׼ȡϵͲҪ˷ʱȥˣԼǷܹ񣬶ǵ뿪ճǺİȫ
ϵ˰˼״̬ԡյĻϵҲˡ
һٷӵܵ˾޵һЩӵĸࡣ
Ҳᶨϵ뷨֮ǰһǡνطҪνطҪϵжǿֻҪ΢Ļϵ͹ˡ
һ棬СҪٻ۹ȥһ
׿룬УĽûнµİǾϰµİ˼ֻƣϵһͻˡ
о״̬ǳãָоͻǷǳҪģЩѧǿʿȫʮԼĸо
һööǾȡڿУжʮöǾҲƵ
жƣĵİǾʮöңΪ˱һЩ׼˶ʮöǾ
ʱ䣬ӹŶʿǱ߻125öǾһЩ죬ǱİǾԼˡ
ݹŶʿϢΪһʱ伸λ߽ʿܹǵһ飬ܹõİǾȫչˡ
֮ҪðǾҪʿսлȡ
ԭİǾԼϵֵâǣԼľϵ̣֪Ϣ˷ѰǾˡ
ûеõȶİǾȡİǾǰǲ׵ĴеİǾġ
ЩǾԼϵĻֻҪϤ˹ֵĻƣͿðǾĴٶȹнʿĽ׶Ρ
⣬ľϵܹϵҲһôǾϵ׵ʵ֮
ϵʵɲֻսϵľϵƿ
Ǿϵô洦ʹðǾСļ㡣
һööİǾľʱ뱭ڣЩͬľʱֻ˴Ĵ
һʹôһμˡ⡯ط
ʧȥеõ˶ΪǿĿĴԾͬһ̨ԣеǱ
ھϵڣᳵ·þʣԴΪīˮ˼֡
һʻɣ⡯״̬Ҳ֮
ϵڣ³ֵİ˼֣ʹڲ˵֣ҲâǸ
׼֪ӵ㹻İǾϵżʲô⣬ֻʱһεĽлǼ˷ܵġ
һȫųԼľһٶʮףҲһٶʮ
Ȼ֣ԭþԼ뷨ȴڽʵˡ
˶ܶԶԶͨˣҲһٶʮ
þԼЩ廹ǻ뿪档
ηУ̫Σ뿪ʮףͣʱޱȵļ
ȫͬ뿪沢ͣģֻʮ׾޷ˣеһξ޴
޷еԼ뿪沢ͣǷһһƷ
ЩȲҪʮʱľͿȫڿзС
ȻĿǰٿƷٶȣַиûʵս塣
˵ʵսķУɶ˵Լе⡣
Ҫ֪ϵʿҪУ˵ķڴУ֮µķУϵʿҪﵽʦ֮󣬲ܹȫκε豸С
Ҳֻоϵʿн۷ʱڸ߽ʱͿԿžƶ壬սķС
뵽ϵڣϵ׵ĵȼʧ²ͣľϵףӯ״̬࣬ٹͿþϵͻƵż


177 
еģûټѧϰҲûʹ˯߲գǵҵĵ˯ˡ
Ľ˷֮࣬Ҳͬľ޴󣬴ϵϵƣһ˯˵ڶʮ㡣
û˴Ůκʱ򶼲ңҾǽ
󣬸оı仯żʹĴԸֻҪ΢΢һһٶʮ׵Χڣһоͬǰһ㡣
ʵͨľżϵʿǵľΧֻаʮס
ľΧ֮ԴﵽһٶʮףŰǾᴿĴ
뾫ϵʿһ㲢ʮ
˳һŮվſڵˡ
ˣѾΪ׼ˣʮδԣŮͻ㱨
˵ͷȥϴһȻ
߱ߴֻϵĹĻһδԣд󲿷ֶʶˡ
ЩʶˣҲᣬʲôģȻѾռҲûбҪȥӴЩˡ
˰ԱϢԼһò͡
˿ʱ䣬ڵʱѾʮˣԱʮһ롣
Ҳڼˣ׼ɳҪȥͣ½ŲŮͷԸ
򰲵ԱһϢӦ롣
Աһ룬ʾλĲͬ
һηǳʽļ룬һճеһҶڣ⼸ǶԴƽȵλ֮˵̬ȡ
ʾռ壬˵Աӳ̶ȡ
ķɳ뿪סլľĸ֪Լɨ貨
ɨ貨ķ֪Ⲣʲô£෴ռӴ˶ıơ
Ȼһ˽ȴʱ̴ڰȫ֮УκζΪ֡
ճǣִĸ߽ʿܵĻʦս֡
ֻҪһֱֳ㹻ļֵôճǾͲκεΣա
ɳ˲ǰΪ򿪷ɳţҲĿٹܼҡ
Ⱥ˵⣬Իӭ£ٹܼҹ˵
ٹܼңʵ̫ˣٹܼҵ̬Ⱦסˣæ
⿨ٹܼҿһλ߽ʿڵڿٹܼһ޷¡
ǿĴڣﻶӭ˰Աĳ⡣
ٹܼڴ˴˵ճзǳݻĲУĿ˶
ٹֻܼ΢΢ͷһ·Ϊ·Ҳÿע⵽ˡ
ǵ޹أڰм˰Ա
ּˣԱվ΢ЦŹһ˵
Ҹ£ʮٴ棡Ҳ΢ЦŻ
밲˹Ǻѣûˣͽɣ˵ԱָŶλ˵
ĳƺһԵĿٹܼ΢
Ա̫⣬ռҪԱǲĪԱǲĪε
Ҫעܶ෽£ֳƺһ׽һֽԼ˵׽
ǣ壡Ӧ¡
ûôҪռĵλҪ밲ԱĹϵΪܡ
Ҫл㣬ûΪǽսײϡоɹ˼壡Ա϶֮ǰľ
֪Ա˶ĺô
ΪǰԱһϵˣһӰ˹ռġ
ŰԱڼĻȨҲõǿڴܵ˸ӡ
Ϊ㹻Ĵۣ΢Ц˵
ֻǷɴ칫˾սײϡоɹ廹нԽʲô뷨Աҡͷʵ
ԱǷǳûκ˽ӴкܴԭΪ밲˹ĹϵҲζûΪ˹֮¶ռ١
ΪҪģӰ쵽˼Դ̬ȡ
ĶԴ壬óӦĽ޷ȶӰ쵽ʿ
һġ
壬ȷʵҪһŻϵ֪ǷܹṩҪ
Ա΢΢һ㶣лϣоռлȡط
뵽ˡνطΪ²⵽ΪҪϵԭ
Ҫҿ㣬һš׶ڼĶõ֮һѧϰ׶Ҫ֤⴫ԱͷӦ
ԱΪʲôĿģǲǱߣҲΪһš׶ðŵﲨĪ׶й
⡮׶ռרûܵռȨô˭ռ壬벨ĪΪС
ȻⲢζš׶㴫ԮռڲҪá׶ĴУ˼ϵ⣬ʿҪشײѡŶ
Ҳ˵׶ȷʵռõĶ֮һ
лл壡ĸл
ʵ̫ˣ˵ռǾһǾҲ㣡ԱЦ˵
ĸֶΣһᣬȻ̶ȵҪ󣬸Ǽ޷ܾ׷ӽ
ɱһԽЧҪ̫࣬Ĵĸм
ȻԱҲûʲô⣬ֻεꡣ
壬ˣ
ڰԱ֪ԼҪǾ֮£ûʲô֣ɯʿǰԱŮ˵λ߽ʿĴռǾ֮ʹˡ
˵ΪҪǾûоɹ֮ǰǻĴ滳ɡ
ôоɹ֮ҪһЩƷ͸ʲôˡ
ܶ˶ڲ²⣬ðǾоʲô⾧壬оԱԿǷǳоֵƷ
⣬ĸ߼оԱѾˣҲеֻƾһľΪ߼оԱģϲˣԱһ˵һֻϲš
ֻ˽Ϣʾ򿪿һۣж˸߼оԱһ
ľϵʿ޷ˣտнΪΪ߼оԱһЩоΪϵʿĽԱ͵
˵ͷҲ֪ԼΪоԱʱ޷ٱϵܡ
Ȼ˫ϵͬ޵ʿûľȣûбֳʵ̽顣
ֻǵһ֪ԭΪ߼оԱõһݾϵʿĽ
Ժÿ»õʮöǳһٿ˵Һƣʮ˵¹裬ЩΪϵʿĽ
ǳҺ¹裬ǲĪزΪֻ̫ͣϵʿģû˿ЧȴǼãԱЦ˵
Ʒ֮УֻȹҺƣǻǰ˹óģȷʵǼ٣ȴԾЧ
Ȼǳ¹ܹҺһҲӦöǺö
ȻҲϣܹоһ;ɼһҪȰ˵㣬һܷоرǻϵоɹĿԻ̫ˡ
츳ս츳ǶģҪ˷츳
ԭǲ˵ģûסȰ˵
֮Ĺϵ⣬иĹϵ
ĶӰ˹ǰ˹е֪ѡ
Աϣߴ˵·̫ľϵоԱо̫רעоûʲôɹҲͬûгɾͣͷһ޳ɡ
壬һעģصĵ˵ͷ˵
ܹоԱģǳĹģûм̫Ĺɷ֡
ȥȰ˵ԱϴЦݡ
֪˺տнڵ飬ٴȡûϷоɹƼöоԱĳƺš
ԱΪԭ򣬲һеĽоڿǵġ
밲Աͣͽ󣬰ԱʹҴ뿪ˡ
ڰԱ뿪󲻾ãڷɳϵֻϲϵķѡ
һǧڲĪҵˣ֮ǧ֮շɴ칫˾ȨתóɹһݲȨЭ飬̸õоȨ
ڵõЩ˵ֻĲƲ־ڲĪɹˡ
ǧ֮շɴ칫˾ȨһǧڲĪҸмֵرӵˡûײϡоɹշɴ칫˾ɼ۽дȵ
ڲĪٲǸˣֻƾŴɱսƷȡԴ
ԺȫЩʲ棬άԼֻҪԸ⣬ӪԼ


178 
ɽˮ֮䣬ԶǶٲһϪˮǰˮڻ߮
ɫУɫľӥƶ֮䡣
ǰСһɫĲ裬һӲˮڳľС޷Ʈɢ
豭ֻһƬҶǲĪز¹衯
һʮ˵ġ¹衯ʵ̫̫٣һ¹衯ֻҪһƬҶ㹻ˣܹܼΡ
Ϊϡ¹衯⾳ȫϢ
ﲻǰ˹͸סլµõ˽оӲȨȫо
оռشԼ˰ٸƽΪ㣬ʵʿʹõǧƽ
㣬ĵĲһϢ
˵ϢȫԵһ걸סլͬһң书Ҳȫ档
ǣϢڵңһĴ󴲣Ҳһˮԡ䡣
ȻҪ˯ߣоרõ˯߲գҲпգоԱı䡣
ڽյ˽о󣬾סᵽ
˽о⼸˽оʮֿҲռ岿ָ߼оԱľۼһλ߽ʿ⴦פء
Ҳõİȫ⣬˽оҲռĿ
λãռҲҪŸ߽ʿǶԸ߽ʿսǼ˷ѡ
ĿǰûײϡоɹѾתƣоɼ˵񻹲ռ峣갲һλ߽ʿ
ΪĪĶоԱռҪΪ䱸߽ʿˡ
˲豭һں󣬸ž΢ѬУϲָо
ѵõȴڿһо
˹ڲоУŶѡ񣬵оͶ̫ľ
оԱѾĪϿɣֻ֮Ҫ˽одһʱ䣬Ȼóһ㹻оɹͿˡ
Ȼѡսصоշɴ칫˾ǧ֮ĹȨټռĺԼǷǳչģԽսصоҲΪԼ׬ȡ档
ĿͶˡϡоļġϡ֮˹еġϡڳܶ
һĲҲ˵ļڵ༼ֻʹͬڼҲ
ʵļڣ֮ڣֺֹͬȼսڵı
ѡĸóӦòָ࣡Сû£
оԱĻƻ
оҪóɹֻǰһ㣬Ҫо󲿷ʱڴо·ϡ
һڽµġ¹衯ȵվȫϢʧʾ䷿ԭӡ
ԣϡоĿģо¼ݣ
ֻҪ˽оκεطоϵ
ԵģоǽоУûдԣʹогɹ
ҲҪģֻӣĸʱоڲһЩ豸Ҫת
źоĿ֮£ңоϵȻŬš
˼ʱ䣬ϵѾżˡ
ûᾫϵףڵϣűĿռ䱳һʵ鼮С
ʵ鼮ƤʷϣòĪдš׶
Ȿ׶ոյõģղź¡¹衯ΪԼ״̬ѡ
ֻܽʱ䣬һⱾ׶Ҫռ塣
ǡ׶ԭҲһεĹʵ̫ļ影ֲߣԼ彫ԭѧϰ
ԭ׶ĺôǿԸܵдⱾλǿڵ־ѧϰ׶Īĺô
עڷϵʱͬ棬·ڻ֮С
Գһϣ𺣸뿪
޷⣬λд׶ǿǶټʿĹƣҲһλʮʦ
ʦ⣬ʵ޷ʲôĴܹӵĪ
ֻƾ֣żϵʿ˻þ֮С
ȻҪʱþ
Ǵ鼮˻þôԭĺô
׶ԶһӰڶӰÿһƤ⡢ǡĻͨþ
Ȿ׶ַͨʽŶûһ©Ĵи
ִзʽʮرЧǰܡӢʱ֮ͬ
Ӣͨľ񴫵ʽݰĶ棬ȫӡС
׶ԲһЩҪԼм䣬ݵϸڷ涼ơ
ûҪʱ䣬һСʱˡ׶Сʱظ飬ͽ׶ȫڴ֮С
׶Ȼռרջء
׶һżΪȫĶнʱھطɹѧϰʹѧϰ׶ʿнʱӵ˼ǿս
ϧǣš׶ʮǿ󣬵ȴ޷ȫѧϰֻá׶ոĻϵ˵طû㹻Ļϵȥ
ϣͳʽ׶
׶ǰദľʱӹͨ޵ǰĵϡ
޵״̬ûʲô̫ı仯ǿ˺ܶ࣬ǱҲ˺ܶͼơ
޵ϵĸž޵ڲ޵ڲ΢΢Ĳ
Ҳûа취þ޵ľʱУ׶Զ޷ɹˡ
ΪԺõЧһεӰ㲻ʲôοž޵
ԣİοǷǳЧģżǿУܵİο
׶һȻ˺̵ܶʱͽǰ̡
ȻһεĻԸо˻ϵƤ⡢ĸ졣
Ҫ֪ѾܾˣȻֻΪ޵ṩϵյĻϵҲͨת뵽޵ġ
£Ƥ⡢Ӧ˻ϵ
֮Ի׶ǰ㣬廹Ǹоܵϵĸ죬Ǿֻһԣ׶֮ǿ̫࣬߸ͬһεĶ
ʮӣǰ֮еĸܵˡ׶ٶȡ
ԱȣһΡ׶սڵĻϵΡյĻϵ
ȻҲиǰᣬҪ֤㹻ա
ġӢһ㣬ڲĹʱӢʿٶȶ졣
ⲢΪӢٶĺǸû㹻֧šӢת
ڲĹӵпɴŨȵľĸǰ¡
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ֻнףÿһҪѵʮöϵǱңٶȵҩ뻷ûϡ
ͨԡ׶ԱԼĸܣжϳ׶䲻确ӢٶȣЧ̫
˵ʵڵõϵ֮ǰõˡ׶þϵŻϵĻսֶθΪ
˵ʲôˣϵ׵Ѿͣһλ߽ʿԱĿֲƻþϵ׵һαá
׶ʵû̫ԡνطȴǵõǿ
ϵСռڵĻϵԶ֮ǰĻϵҪǿ
׶Ļϵ롮ӢľϵӴʱĳ֮ǰ˽νطٶɱвԡ
ֹ죬ռӦһҲˣöǾ
ȻǾﵽٳͷԷſʹãҪϵ߽ʱȷǾǷԸ߽׽ҪЧܹǷſʹðǾ
ûżĿǰϵٶȣòһʱ䣬ͿԽ߽ˡ
һĹȥÿ춼ԸܵԼʵ׶þ޵յߵĻϵõǸķ
һγ˴ȵִȵȻʱٶȻΪϲ
Ϊӽٳĸʱ䣬ֱóµоɹŻ仯
ΪѾ֪ͨռ壬ڽĿоǰ˹ҲǷϢϵǰ˽о


179 
ˣһ뿪ճ̫ճǣ뿪ճǵûгԶǰǡ
ճǲԶšֻҪСʱͿԵ
̫պжԣһ˽ĺС
ԭǲŵģרעһڽд֪ʶѧϰĸ߽оԱݣҪ㹻֪ʶ
һΡûײϡоĹȥ£ĪоԺһʽ뺯벨ĪоԺٰĻ顣
λа佱ڣˡˡоԱоɹ󽱵
νĽûʲôȤоΪ壬εĻ顣
ȴǵõ˰˹Ȱ˵λǲĪоʢᣬÿһΡ
ܹõоʢĴ󽱣ڲĪоø
෴ܾ룬ôǵоʢ췽ĪоԺ
һ㶼ﲨĪоԺһӰĹٷ֯ҪڲĪӰҪĪоԺ
ǰǣμһоʢᡣ
ճǵһκ̣ǲҪİȫ⣬ڲĪϹܿȫ̸ÿһξоפ
ټһκ̣ɴ࣬ҪκϮ֮£Բ֮١
šǣ̫տǣеĽǷǳԵġ
ǵĳƺõ˼µĿܲŸ߲㽨ɼܶж
ȴһˣɫֲ͸羵ˮ棬κεĽ·ûУųдڣҪǲһԭʼˡ
ǵϣǲĪǣĪΪƶ˼ϸĹ涨
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ע⣬ֹͣǰ֤֤ͨƵд
ͬʱҲ֪˶ɨǵİȫϵͳûаҪ£ɴͻܵȫϵͳĹ
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ֽԼֻϢſͬʱֽĪоԺ뺯ϢΪ
߼оԱǻӭĵƵһߴ˿ĻӦ
ɨʧš˽ǵɡ
ɲ˵šֱӽǵĵ棬ǡšܽǵĿոۡ
ڽոʱֻһ뺯ĪоԺźţѾǡ
šָĿոۣԥһ£ûнþ߻סװռ䱳ǽϵսռ䱳ڡ
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μоʢģɲҽϵ¶棬Ҫ֪оԱ֮Укܶи߽׾ϵʿǵĸ֪
¡šʱһɳڵȴ
߼оԱоԺ˾ȥ᳡סҲһ˾Ʒ·ɳһΪ򿪳ţһҽܵ
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һӭɳʣ䱸Ʒ
ӭɳ뿪ոۣŵȥ
ͨǵȻ⣬Ȼг
Խǿ棬ԽǸ̾Ī˶Ȼı
˾ƺչʾǣɳڳͽʮףܹĿɳľɫ
ͬʱ˾Ҳ˷ɳѭһµģֲĿ뵽ɳ֮С
µĿ񶼲Ϊ֮һ
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ӭɳܿ뵽зΧﾰɫȫͬ
߶ȣӵвͬȨ޵ķɳйķţȫһٲĸ¥ɣɳڸ¥֮䴩š
ĿȻȻ޷ղŵȻɫͬһ
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ǵĸ豸ǾѡȾģʹǵĳҲֿܱ½
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һٲĴ¥ӭɳֹͣǰ߶ȣһֱ˶ٶʮͣ㡣
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һţɫȫˣܵǽͷ컨嶼˳Ȼɫ
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ЩŹ֣ⷽ沢ûгԭ岢ûжоʢᱨʲôϣΪоɹ£оɹսûг˹С˵
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֪˭𣿡Щʵ
ǰΪ̽£оԺڲϢжλоԱΪ˵˹ش
оԱҾʶտнڣĶоԱûм棬ôΪ˵˵
˵ʵտнڶӦð˴ҲǼһ棬տнЩԵΪôĳ̶ȡ
Ҳ֣֮κһõ󽱣֮£ӦľϵԴô󽱵ľϵʿԴʱȼκһλоԱоʢĽʮӡ˹ҡͷ˵
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ҲĪоԺľϵʿΪĪܳ׵ľϵʿҲȫڲĪоڡ
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ѾоĿ˼壬˹ȻҲ֪ˡ
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ǰظ߽ʿʮһϵʿ˹ɫ΢ش


180 
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֪ռһҲͬǲĪĶ֮һϸ鱨ǲЩ֮С
ռ֮һֱìܣҪ֮ļҪĿռغϵģ˹ͨ͵
ˣռǵжԵģҪǴȻŲɵ͵ìܡ
֮޷ģҪĿ֮ƾһս
Щһλеϵ߽ʿ֮оʮֵĲȫ
İɣظ߽ʿǲʲôٶģΪҪ͵ǵ̸Ҫȥһ£˹ͨ˵
Ҳطȥһ˵һջԼľ
Ȼ˹˵Σգǲϵ߽ʿô
ôľ룬λظ߽ʿҪɱһϢþͿ԰쵽
밲˹ֱ˵ݣǰظ߽ʿûиĲ١
ظ߽ʿ밲˹뿪ûƶ͵ġ
Ҳܰһλ߽ʿ͵֮£һ˽½Ӵġ
ռʵ̫ˣƽʱҲͰˣһֱճУ˽оĴŶ
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ظ߽ʿȫȻûջ͵һϢ
ֻ˼£ܿͨѶͨ
ˣһϢҪ㱨ظ߽ʿֻͨϵǱűܵĹ̬ȣɼͨѶһ֮˵жô
Ӵʲô̬ȣǱ֮˳ʵ
ûܹӴԴ̬˭Ҳ
ûӴҸղ밲˹̸֮͸¶һϢظ߽ʿشûеǱ֮ѯʾͼ˵оĿֳ˼ţŲΪֳ֮ģ
Ǳ֮˳ĬһǰĹĻϣʾ鱨
鱨һ֮
鱨Ϊ̫ңԶ֮ʣڲûϢ⣬ڿ벨ĪռһһУ¼鱨֮С
鱨лϱռµоĿϡоҲС
Ǳ֮˴ʱšϡоĿһУ˼
ڰظ߽ʿжϣǷǳŵģȻظ߽ʿǾϵʿ߽ʿĸ֪ټϰظ߽ʿ鱨飬ʹðظ߽ʿжٳ
ԡϡоĿĪţһоԱϣֵӣֻ¾һоĿشͻƵоԱԣͼпܳˡ
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ǣˣظ߽ʿæӦ
ļֵǱ֮˾ԴĹ񣬾֮ǰƶҲҪƶ
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ʶܶװΣҲԷڵĲøо˾ȡ
رƷ֮зˡ¹衯ʱǳԾѣ⡮¹衯ֻһƬҶӵİװѾݳˡ
ʵˣ⡮¹衯ṩģǲĪоԺΪд߼оԱ׼ġ
оʢ᲻ʱ䣬ʱÿ칩ӦһƬ¹衯и߽оԱҲ޵ġ
ΪԼġ¹衯ٶ̫죬ÿµġ¹衯ȶգڿС¹衯û˿ΪԼһ
ʱǰμоʢоԱǣڻݷã˴˽ύҲֻʱȴеƷ衣
һ㶼ȥμоԱӦ꣬ϲԭ򣬸Ϊں£оѧʶǶʱѧϰġ
μоԱ֮Ӧ꣬ûܹѧϰµ֪ʶϵȥоԱʮ֪ʶ۶Աȡ
Ҫ֪оԱɴ඼ǾϵʿڼжϣҪǿһЩ
׼ڷһֱоʢῪʼ˷еȫϢϵͳȫɵɫԭҰ֮С
ȫϢѾʹȫϢЧӽʵſڸйʵûж
ζ硢ʪȵȵȣȫϢϵͳԭˡ
߼оԱƷ⴫߿ŵ
ӷ״̬ظЩֻͨŴ򿪡
һŮһС˽СϹһ·С·ڷЬࡣ
˭ģһʵ
ǰ˹߼оԱģ˹߼оԱ˵μоʢᣡŮ΢ЦŻش
˿Լϵ··һֱûʲôӣϵ·ֻһз
ȷʵһзȥμоʢЩףҲð˹ܵ
ȥɣŮ߻ӻ֣ŮڴŮ·
ôĸ߼оԱڲĪ߹ǼĽġ
Ů߻Ҫ˵ʲôʱŵ߽һˣŮ߿æĹϴ֮ɫ
Ů߿һۣŮ߿˵˼˳˷䡣
˭˽üʵͬʱо
һϵ߽ʿͻȻĽ뷿䣬Ȼо
ԭǴŵģſţҾͲˣŵϴź΢Ц˵
ɲʶ˭ȻӸղŮߵ̬ϣԲ²ݲ򵥣ٲ򵥵ʲôϵ
ĪĿĺܼ򵥣ҵһ֮
Ŀǰ£ռѾΪṩżٶȣѵռеĵˣҲڶʱ޷в
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ϵŽסƺûȻоԱ᲻֪֡
Ǻǣ߼оԱԲĪоԺ˽٣ҽһ£ǲĪоԺĶоԱоԱǿѹסеĲ죬סϵ΢Ц˵
ԭоԱǳһλȷʵ򵥡
رоԱᵽ˵ĳԱ
ظ߽ʿٵоԱĳ֣ûйš
ĳ߼оԱʮϲ¹衯ԺҸһЩÿ춼Ժȵ¹衯оԱºϵġ¹衯Ц˵
ֻǿڸ֮ѣͷˣӦ
Ȼԡ¹衯ʮϲҲûеҪİ͵ĵز
˵߼оԱռĲ˳ģϴܵռϵĹʮΪ߼оԱƽоԱЦ˵
ǸˣռķǳãƺоԱģҡͷ˵
߼оԱҲµˣǴģоʢ͸壬ȫΪõһ󽱣
⣬ռһдȫ߼оԱԸܵĳ⣬ϣԿоԱ˵
оԱĻпνӲʩоʢĴ󽱣κһλϵоԱ޷赲ջ
˵ռеĴѾǷǳˡ
оԱʱûתͶ뷨û˿˼ľ;ܾ
˵оԱûóĶת壬͵ֱռ³Թ
˵ںܶ϶ռһ
ɣͬԤ߼оԱһϡоɹ֪ΣоԱѾΪˬǿľϵЦݲʵ
Ŀһû뵽ϡоȻоԱ֪ˡ
ԲоĿǰδ֪״̬ҿɲԤ۲֪оĿϻҪʼˣҡͷѵ
߼оԱϣ¿ҵ飬õ꣡оԱϵЦ˵
仰о˵в֮⣬֮¿оԱ飬ǾͻΪС
ǿΪУĺǳء
ܹռԿļ壬ҲӦʦڣ߼ʿ١
вĻоԱλλ֮˿˵вԸǼǿ
Ҫ¿ʲô飬ռĳԱĪҪռ˺׼ս𣿡׼˵֮ʱ˹˽˵
ʱİ˹ŭ˵ȫȻûжоԱ˿˼ɡ


181 
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˹ܴ壬ܴռ𣿡оԱ˵
ҵȻȣѾ֪ͨ˸״ˣ״˻ģ˹ߵǰоԱ˵
оԱ޷вֻоԱѹˣ޷סѹ
Һܾû밲ԱˣϣоԱ˹˵ҲٶһĿעһۣȻ뿪
¹ңû뵽㣡˹һתͷ˵
оԱ֪ڵоĿҡҡͷ˵
һȥչ飬ʵڲߣ֮£صȨ޵ȼǳߣλܲһ㣡˹Ѻ˵
ˣлл·תƿ˵
̫̽ռ֮ìܣ޹ء
ԣʦΪƵģ˹ָָСϵЦ˵
Ҳûѣһоʢʽʼʱ䣬Ҫ
СƵڼ䣬ڵе·ȫ
ȻһЩȻŵģվ޵Ƥϰֱװžϵ̵ıףЩһҲ뿪塣
ڴ֮ķȫǵĿռ䱳
ռ䱳ı󣬾ȻһҲΥͣʱͿǹռ䱳⡣
еİ˹ֻϲϵķϢ߷幵ͨ
ԣռ岢ûйƵôķӦȻоʢڼӴ
ңɳоԱλҪռİԱ£ڼ֮еĵλһЩ
оԱɫĻصԼķ䣬򿪹Ļһ
һνĻϵתϡ
˵ʵΪ˼棬붯λž޵оԱ
˵ϵĵȼо޾ԵĹϵھϵнʱͳ˵оɹԲо۷ʱڡ
ͶͺˣоԱ̾
ʱڣڡսײϡоɹӰ£Ȼռʹ²ϵķɴûггӰѾˡ
رķɴݶռģʴѾӰɴҵڲĪλ⡣
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ֻǲĪռķɴսгӵмƣռڲĪĵλõ
ȻһжҪһ̣ƶžģƵģżĿŶȡ
ԲΣоԱҪôչ壬Ҫôͻٵûе·
밲˹һͬŵǰٲ㣬öоʢĻ᳡
߽᳡˹һԼ뺯ֿ˿ġ
ҪֿˣǱģλڱ㲻õ壬ռо䲻࣬μʢҲжʮλĪоԺΪʢʮλ߽ʿ˵һλʦעΰ˹˵
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ﰲ˹Ѻܶ࣬ʱ򰲸˹ͷʾ⡣
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ÿһλˣܹμģожСڸж
ɳϣоԱֻٶһЩʶѡ
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˵ǿᣬΪǰŸ߼оԱƵӣݾͬʮһ㣬ӵн׾ϵʵ
ľɨͻᷢкĸ߼оԱƱᡣ
һ˵䲢ǿʵ䣬ʵھɨʱͻдµķ֡
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ǵģǵһβμӻ飡΢ЦŻش
ղžɨûзֶԷ˿⣬еľ衣
ҽдάɭ֪оĸģӦİɣάɭ߼оԱʮ̸ֽҽܲѯʵ
ҽоģص
ȵȣǸо¡սײϡάɭ߼оԱ֣һ£󾪺
¶֮ɫû뵽άɭ߼оԱķӦ֮
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Լݵ˳ܹشһһ
ҲԼо˲ٵĹΣᱻάɭ߼оԱס
ҲΪβμоԱԭðαӵоԱоԱǰҪװĸĪ⣬ʵ̫ˡ
ԲѽһͲǻҪʼˣάɭ߼оԱڿǰһ½ºæֹͣѯʱǸ˵
һŵˣɵһЩ˼Ǿϵ߽ʿ
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ڻеоԱϵʿıɣон׾ϵʿ
ٲָ߽׾ϵʿֲڻĺ󷽣ĸ߽׾ϵʿȫһš
㲻ʶЩаɣһǶоԱ˵ʮλоԱǲĪоԺҪάɭ߼оԱΪܵ
оԱڵһţоԱµ˲䣬Ŀһۡ
ʱ䣬ܵ˴оԱдĶ⡣
һŵǶʱİջǷǳ׼ģ̶̵һȫˡ
ҽһ£ǰоԱһͨоԱֻΪЩڲţԱѡоʢᣡֻİоԱߵ̨ϣε˵
ʱ·ЦһЩ٩
û˵оԱӾжϣоԱľн׵۷壬ֻһ߾Ǹ߽׾ϵʿˡ
оԱһоԱĴ󽱣ǫǷأһԵĴάɭ߼оԱ˵
άɭ߼оԱȻΪ͵ģͬʱҲڱԼĲ
оԱ˵ԼͨоԱǫ̂һȺûù󽱵оԱʲô
ЦЦЩоԱҲûŰ塣
ʱУɸλŬӿ˴оɹƶ˲ĪвòἰоԱġսײϡоɹоļƽһ󲽣ͲϵķЧǿ40%оԱ˵
û뵽һʼᵽоɹ
ʵоɹ˵ǽ꣬ǽʱ䣬оشĳɹû֮һ
չ̶ֳȣҪ޴Ľǲܵġ
оԱ˳ǧŬܹǵоо˼·ǵˡ
ڱ˵40%1%Ǽġ
оԱһһͶϣ¶˳
ûӳվܹ
ܵоԱǶҵоԱ׿һУֻоϣоɹǼϿɵġ
ܵãоԱһݵĹâĿ޵ĿʮŵһоԱ
оԱʱЩҪ£᳹׵ռ壬ʹԼ޴鷳֮С
оԱͶĿ⣬֪ûѡ
оԱվڻʮԣҲֻİоԱһ
λоԱ£üվоԱΪˣӦݣûȥоԱĿģֱ¡
ɲоԱӰ쵽һʢĽС


182 
㲻оԱǸƭӣսײϡооģվоԱûΪоԱȰ˵£ָűҫµȵ
оԱΪĸ󣬻˾ܵɢ
ڵһŵĺտн΢΢üоɹǾϿɵģоԱֳ˵ֻǶҲǶмӰ졣
ľһҪоԱѹ
տнǾϵ߽ʿһϵнʿѹƿǷǳ׾Ϳ԰쵽ġ
׼ʢٺúоԱԭ
ںտнڵľоԱɢȥʱһסľ
ʲô˼տнתǵˣʵ
տнڣôż˵ЩʲôоԱ΢Ц˵
ǰŵĴǶᵽһЩζǻٶ֪Ϊоܵ˲Сĳ
ûиԭ֮£Щпɲֵּ֮ìС
ܱǴǵ˼ά˵漰̫ͻĴֱĴУҲҪ֪ʲôŻῼδá
ȷʵһվоԱ˵࣬оɹȷʵоġ
ܿ㷴Ӧ˵оģоɹû֣óȻоġ
֮оɹֻͬһר
Ҫ֪ڴ֮УŸߵȼΪοͼо򼸺ģ¸ߵȼĳɹ
ǱȻģΪЩߵȼǳɹģߵȼĳɹһѧϰġ
оĿԽԽӽļվҪļƻͬ
Ա֤óоɹ֮оǶһ޶ġ
ļΥĹ򣬽оɹй©Ÿ߼ļලļҪǲ
ͷ˲תɻĿоԱ̬
λоԱ֪ǷǳصָأҪ˵Ļ𣡡оԱ
һΪ˵ĻҪҴƭӣоԱ˵
оԱʱѾû˻ͷ·Ÿ壬Ҳٽš
ҽ˹أѹӢ˹߼оԱ֣ǰӢ˹߼оԱоϮоϱ٣Ӣ˹߼оԱҲΪⳡϮ𣡡˵˹оԱˮ
ҪΪ˹оԱıݸĴָݼαоԱԱǸã
ǰҿģƪӢ˹߼оԱоȫһ£ȫȡӢ˹߼оԱо˹оԱָ˵
˹أ˵Ӣ˹߼оԱоҵһ£һ֤ˣ֤ʲôûֱݵķŭǺν֤ʲô
Ѿٷ֮ٿ϶ˡ
׵ǣղĪķɣԡսײϡоɹžԵȨǲĪоԺǲĪķɶϿоɹоߡ
Ҫ˹оԱƷĪоԺ뷨ɶϿɵ¡
ڡսײϡоɹȨûа㵣ģŸоɹᵣ
㲻֪ǣӢ˹߼оԱǰоĽλоԱ֤λоԱ֤ԣƭ޴ɲأ˹оԱ˵
ĻֳһƬȻû뵽Ȼתۡ
λоԱ֤ʵ£߾Իд鷳
˹оԱ˵ĲڰǰӢ˹߼оԱȷʵһķңоԱ֤ڵڶŵĿ˹¡վޱĵ˵
˹¡ڵĻڳܶоԱɷ˾ǿĿгɡ
λ˹¡ڵɱҪ̫࣬˫оû˿Ŀɱԡ
ټϻһλоԱһ֤ͬʵҪʵ١Եʵ
λ˹¡ڶٳƺΪоԱɼȫ߳о
ӵǿսռľǱսʿӣڶεսУǿɱͬʿνս뺷
ɾһλսʿȴǰͻȻΪһоԱоʱսײϡһо֡
һоӢ˹߼оԱоϮʧоԲɺϣ˹¡ȻõȻ˵ĻȴǼ߹
˹¡ڵĻҪԼˡ
˹¡ڣ˵Ƿ֤ݣ˵оԱͷԣϣߵĴάɭ߼оԱͻȻʵ
ڻеĶǴˣ¿˹¡оԱĵλ׿оԱҲԼĶ˼ά
ͻȻ£еоԱһʱ֮Щңάɭ߼оԱȴֱָص㡣
ָ֤֤ǿ˵Ļ֤ݣҪɣҪ֤ʲôλָʲôʲôˡ
άɭоԱһ֮޷ϴӢ˹߼оԱоĳ֣ĳǽһоԱԴﵽ䲻ɸ˵ĿģоԱʱվ˵
ûлشάɭоԱָ⣬һӽ֮˸ߵĲΡ
ڳûб˭ĳоԱ˵ĳָռ塣
ڳУҲֻоԱŸֱָռ¡
λ˹¡޳ܵ۽󿪣ʱ򿪿˵
һھ͵λоԱһʹüԵľӡ
ڻʲôԽ͵ģɳܵƭӣ˹¡Ȼǵ˵
־˵ϼһʧȥǣټ϶Ǿϵ߽ʿų˵Ŀ
λǲ˵ҷġսײϡоɹǵӢ˹߼оԱſ˹¡оԱʵ
˹¡ڲԣǵ˵ͷоԱû
ʵǲ˼ʵоսײϡʱɹҪóʵϸһЩֻģһó̫оɹѵĻֻó˵һʵϣ΢Ц˵
ĻڳܶоԱ¶Ź֮ɫҲֻŻ뷨
оһֻ̫࣬óԲһЩоɹõоɹһηø档
ĸλоԱرǰĸλоԱ֤һоңһСʱһݳ֮ǰʵϡ
óʵϲֻΪ֤ҵףҵײ֤вĪķɣвĪоԺΪ֤Ϳˣֻϣ˿忨˹¡ĳªݡ
Ϊ棬Բ˼һλоԱӦеĲأΥ˵ĻԭͬһУҶо˶ģ˵
ȻǼаյģֻҪܶʱͿʵСսײϡٷ֮ʮʵϡ
һƬ˭Ҳû뵽ᷢչһ
Ǽаյķԣó֮ǰʵϣô˹¡оԱԴ
ɲ漰֤Ƕоɹһγ١
λоԱݣһоԱоɹ١
ڳÿһλоԱиԵоɹǿɲϣһ·Լϡ
Ҫ֪һ˸ͷ֮ưͻοεİĪо򽫻о޴Ӱ졣
Ҫƽ֧оԱʵϣѾоԱе
ڻھٰ飬пյʵ飡˹¡ڵŵȻתͷ򰢶оԱ˵̰ɣ
˴˿̣Ȼûнʵ飬˭ˣǿ˹¡оԱһι֮ݶࡣ
˹¡ڣЩڲţȻһͨоԱһ֪࣬ϵĪоԺϵоԱƺŵĴϣڶоԱû˶ĵĴڣ
оԱĻĿϣȴûٻЦ٩еֵֻ֧
˹¡Ҳ޷ֵȻվΪ˻оԱһ顣
û뵽Ϊһ飬ܽһȫϡ
˭뵽óоɹȻȫ
Ҳսײϡģ֮еղϵݣѾоһشû뵽ܸһ
оԱҪ֧ڳоԱ֤пٳһоңоԱʵ顣
ܱ֤ҪĹƽ⣬ҲϣоԱƺŵĴտнվ˵
֮ǰоԱӣʱȻҪصĻ


183 
տнվһҪԭ򣬾ǽ֮һҪиĪо
һֱĪоԲĪоԺΪףоԺʮλоԱΪ
оԱ뿨˹¡ΪоԱƺŴ˼ֻʵλоԱĴ󣬽ǴоԺ룬оԱƺջزпضоԺӰ졣
˵оԱ뿨˹¡ڣĿǰ鱨£Ѿûκοԡ
ҪоԱ뿨˹¡ڷûи˿·Ҳʹ°ܺͬʧȥ·
һεоʢᣬĪļоԱ
ںտн˵֮һŵĶоԱǿ˳ͷҲ׷վ֧ƽ顣
ĪоԺٶȼ죬ӵжֹܵġ
ڻǰ͸ĸǽо豸Ҳܿ챻һʱʵҡ
ûɣ˹ӻԹĵʵ
û£һְɣ΢Ц˵
һ㿴֮УλоԱܹоһֵģԸ׬ȡ棡˹ʮ㣬ҲЦ˵
оĲԽãʹռ彫ոƣ׬ȡ棬ǿǽռ׬ȡĻϡ
֤ʵ뿨˹¡ݺҵĻǸ𣿡ĿɨԼλϣκ˵λоԱ򰲸˹ʵ
Ѿڷˣ֮¼岻ҲʧȥоԱĳƺţǵֽоʷ֮УΪΨıᶥоԱƺŵоԱ˹ش
άɭ߼оԱллֱԣŰ˹棬һԵĴάɭ߼оԱл
ãҲԼˣάɭ߼оԱЦ˵
˹ҲЩ˼ЦЦ򰲸˹Ľ͡
άɭҵý䲻ռʽԱҲԼˣӦһģ˹͵
ʱΪδάɭ߼оԱ˵飬λоԱʱվΪ˵
˵ŻһߵʵѾúˡ
оԱʵУѡòɹۿҲΪɹۿⶼ⣬һӦҲ鿴һ£ʲôҪ˵оԱ˵
һʱ䣬ŹȥʮӣʮӲһʱʵңٶǹġ
Ҫ֪ʵҵ豸УҪȵľȷڲʱҪ̶
תһ룬ͨȷʵҪٵʱ䣬ŲĪоԺľϵʿãͼ̫ࡣ
ʱʵңеĿȫû˵εʵ飬ϵλоԱˣǷǳǣĵġ
ʵң鿴һ豸豸ûκε⣬Ϊʹã豸Ȩȫûá
ʵϸȫʵҪĲ٣Ｘž󲿷ֵĽʵƷ
ҲûòɼսײϡĹؼһЩ䷽ЩɲԱ߹ۿͿԵõġ
ˡطľΪϸߣʵڲ
оԱõǿɹۿȫȤּоʵ飬ܹۿǶо
±Ǵ»ϷоҲͨۿȽʵ鷽Լʵˮƽ
ڳоԱĺøУȻ⵱гоԱԼλ˹¡ڡ
˹¡һоԱһʵʧܡ
оԱһƬңΪϵ߽ʿӵżǿľҲ޷ȶʱ顣
Ŀ⿴͸ʵеľĲû˿ͣٵĶ˵ǰģԡսײϡŸо
ôϷˣڳоԱֻҪǷӣ;Բ
оԱʱķǳͬȴ̵ﷸÿһ붼ȵѰ
Сʱʵʵ̨һ
豸еһݲ豸Ϊԣݲǳ׵κֶζ޷ָ
ȻСĵģóܹ֮ǰķϣáսײϡ10%
λղӦҲˣεʵ֮ǰڱżĲ죬һλоԱ鿴һǲǳ֮ǰǸ汾վʵ̨ǰ˵
֮ԽʵΪ͸ΪоԱʵĹ̡
оԱרҵԱκһλоԱֻҪģٶԱȸղŵʵ飬ͿԿ֮ļ졣
սײϡÿһǻһоЩļ˳õʱĳɹ
տнڣо򣬻鷳鿴һ£оԱĹоԱտн˸˵
ãҾʹҿҲ˼٣豸оԺṩģֳоԱԿտнվ˵ͷ˵
߳ʵңúտнڽ룬տн΢΢һЦȻû˵ʲô⻹ǿԸܵġ
տнʵ̨ǰʱоԱɴ۾豸
豸һɨ貨ںտнǰĹĻϣһݳ֡
ЩרҵݣڳоԱϤ
һ̾ԻǿĻϵݺġ
¼еоԱԣڿݺ󣬻Ǳоɹ𺳵ˡ
оУֲͬĸо˼·õȽĲϡ
ֻ˵о츳ߣֻоĪĸӦ
ֶоĪӦЩоԱҲеģǾڽһоʱоеĳݲоºݶԺоҪ
оӦǿǿԸӦоǷȷ
оԱĲ²⣬ΪΪܹڶ̶̵оʱУ˵ĳɼ
ŸλоҪϲоԱһȡ˳ɹսײϡоһǰƽˡ
оԱ׸粵ԭָؾǼЦģʲôʱĳЩоԱ˽ľͿоԺ뷨֮ˣ
ҺտʽĪоԺ뿨˹¡оԱƺţͬʱҲĪѧ飬ȡ˹¡ĪѧĽְƷڲĪõѧԺְǶԲĪ˵ĲΪտнɫ˵
տнڿһŵĸλоԱ£λоԱ̬ᱻΪͿ˹¡Լ֮ͬ
Ҹ飡
Ҳ飡

飡
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ԲоԱ˹¡վľϹ˵
оԱĵã˹¡ʱ˵Բ粵ʲô
ΪҵΪеǰҵңǷΪۣоԱʵʩݺһ۵㡣
ԸоԱƺţȥĪѧڵְ
ٴоԱǸһλоԱ˹¡ڵ̬ȿν̡
˵֮ǰһ֤ݶǼӵģλ˹оԱָݣԼλоԱڳоԱܹжϳλоԱݺ֮¡
ôڿ˹¡ԣǽ¼Ϊʵһ޿ɱ粵ʵ
˹¡˵֮ûпоԱ뿪˻
оԱʱҲǣվҲǣ֪Ӧ˵ЩʲôӰضԼٶʧڻС
ˣ˭֪ε룬оԱˣҲû˿Ļᡣ
һŵĸλоԱвȻ֮УоԱƺڲĪҲֻʮλֻʮλ뿪λȻӶоԱб
ҪΪоԱǸ˶ٵŬ˶ٳɼ
뿴ĪˣӴĲĪʮλоԱûвͿԿƺŻõѶȡ
һŵĶоԱǣų˾ͨʼ˽
ǿ֪оʢĻģ˹¡ûг£ôоʢĻû⡣
ڲͬˣԭоʢȥôμֱ
ʵϣԡսײϡоԿѹоֻоʱЩˣ˵Ӧ÷һεоʢᡣ
оʢᣬκε飬ҲҪһ󽱡
ɷڽ꣬оûתΪʵʲƷ޷ֱ۵ֵּټϺܶоԱûжģоڽҪЩѡ
ȻΪҪǣгһЩо޷񽱡


184 Σ
оӵбռĻȨӰоô󽱣ʹռоӰ
岻뿴ģԾҪɱ
֮ǰͬôоʢݺͲ֣Ӱ£һоԱҲûпܵġ
ܾȫûлһ󽱣оʢܵݺ
ҪŸȽġսײϡо»޷˵塣
ΪεǣоʢĴȷʵûиκһ
չȥоʢûκջôоʢĹۿۣƺܶ˶Ὣ˹¡ǲĪоԺձ
һŵĶоԱ޷ܵĽ֣ڻûйһлļ
ʱȣЩҲòԼһЩС˼ܿͨ顣
ҵлоԱΪоʢʵĦһˮƽʵ飬ŲĪоˮ׼оԱʱյ
ҵ𣬱ƫĻΧػ졣
ʱ䣬оӿֳྪ޵оˣǰ䷢оʢ˽оԱӿ˻ٶȡ
ʱõ˽СʱоʢĵһһЩʱ䣬ҲҪһЩˡ
һǰ佱оҲǺܶоԱǰμоʢԭڡ
ǿоˮƽܹչʾпܻͶʣпܴɺпܴ˵ĽУҵͻоĿܵȵȡ
˽ǡоԱõָʾ֪оԱ̨Ḷֱ́
ʱûһλоԱԸ̨
оԱ
ֵıڳоԱǶûκε⡣
ĳɼܻ˽ôǲŻ⡣
ٴͶϣһҫĹ
ûʲô񽱸ԣоԱʢᣬǶоɹϿɡ
֮һһ䲼һλλоԱվܹҫоԱ
оԱǡоԱоԱһ˵֡
оԱҲݵĸı䣬Ϊֻߣǰ֪˴ġ
ڴʱ޸ˣж޸ĺĴΪϿɣȨʴоҲǷǳеġ
оɹоԱ
ڹĦֳʵ󣬶󽱣ûоԱо⡣
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һŵĶоԱǻ࿴˿˴˶ǳһ
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ҪϷճǣûжͣش
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ллõ˽ת뿪
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185 
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˶Դ˵ѹƲ٣ûзκεֻþηĿ⿴ˡ
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186 
طճǵĺУûʲô鷳֮еľѻûз
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ȻⲢ˵˹ʧˣ෴ľϵԴһ㶼٣ĸ㶼øϵԴ


187 ִ
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188 
ͻϵͨѶϵͳǿͻԵӣܹܹʵʵʱԶ̲ٿء
ճǵ˽оУˡطһٸϸǰĹĻϵš
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191 ʩ
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ʿ˵ҹкЦ˵
˵˰ᣬλŮԸ߽ʿȫڡ
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˲ӲȷΪһμ治ǰʱ߼
Ŷûм棬Ѿﵽ˾żٶȿðʿЩԼĸ֪
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ڲͬˣȷʵǵõ˸оʢλ֪ʦİǴεİҲȷʵǴȵٶȡ
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Ľ֮ɫʱɲ֪ʦĺô
ʿҲռľԵϵʼѵԭܵǼõԴ
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λ߽ʿһλнͣʮҵʱ䡣
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˵츳⣬ܹռ忴ʿһλ츳֮
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ɯʿʳʱ˿ʿ¶֮ɫ⣬༸λ߽ʿ۾֮жεĹâ
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þԣ
ԣԣҪ˷ˣ
ѽʩչ
ԸЧ
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ŮʿԣòŮʿò֮䣬ľǡľЧΪġ
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λŮԸ߽ʿšľͼơͶӰҵɡ
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СĵĹעϵڵһĹǿֹͣ
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˾żľöӿٷѿϵĳɳ
Ϸѿȴǳ˸ڣٶȸˡ
˲䣬ĳɳٶһ٣̶̵ʱ䣬ͳһ׸ߣ̵ͨС
Ҳһľĵһ
оֻҪԸ⣬ܹϵСעľɳ
ǲˣŽżãڵĹ󣬻ոսľ粻ȣġ
ϵıСͨСϵñСĳƣ߲ĳЧ
⡮ľ˴޷ʩչڶ˰ɣʿĵʵ
ڳλ߽ʿҲֻŻע״̬λ߽ʿ۾ڱС֮ϡ
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ȸһ£ҹ̫࣬Ƥ̫ã˼ʿȿ˵
˼ʿ֡ľľ̫Сˣ֪˵ЩȲҪȳԡ
Ƥﲻˣ໬壡༸λ߽ʿô᲻˼ʿһЦ˵
˼ʿʿȫλǿĸ߽ʿ
ɯʿ밲ʿһۣ˴˽󣬰ʿֹס˿˼ʿʿĴ֡
ܿơľƽ𣿡ʿתͷʵ
ʿɲΪľλ֮ʲôҡ
û⣡˵ͷ˵
һеıСɫϸߣӵλ߽ʿϡ
СɫԽԽ֮ɢ
ɫϸӵλ߽ʿȫɫâš
Ϣ֮ɫâʧ¶λ߽ʿӰ
ģҵƤ˼ʿг
ʱԼֱˮƤ
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˼ʿԼӴ֮ÿҲжϳʱƤ״̬жá
ֿλŮԸ߽ʿҲƤ֮С
رǰʿҲΪԼ˥⡣
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ʿ¶˱Ǹ֮ɫҲû뵽ľЧ֮ǿҡ
ʿӵĴӣϵĴɣԭӿš
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˵ʵǿʿ̫ţ˳һΡľЧ󣬲˴Ĳ졣
Լжϻжܹ߽ףɯʿתʵ
Щ߽ףΪСӵһԱ
ʱ²սֻҪ֤ǵġľЧ͹ˡ
ôжϣҡͷص
ɯʿҲԼȷʵ޷ش𣬽߽ǰƿڣҪʱĥ¡
ɯף㲻ˣС鷳ʿ˵
ƽʱŴӵţ༸λŮԸ߽ʿЦ
λŮԸ߽ʿʿʵ̫ϤˣǶԿʿȥľ޴ŻŸķӦ
˭ֹܹСӣͶˣɯʿʿĻɼ˵
ǼҪоԱôܱŽս񣿡ʿһߵסһ߻ش
Ѿ׼ȥöƤڸǵȥﶼȥ
Ҳܹ⡮ľҲǵһʩչҡľֲʲôط
Ȼս֮ϣʿΪԸšľԣһͻõơ
ɯʿɫһ壬뵽оԱݣоɱսΪҪ
ռ壬ڲĪϣܹţǰΣյڣĹս
Ŀ⿴༸λŮԸ߽ʿҪѰ


192 Ӱ
㣬иλã˹Žᣬк
˹ʲôͬɯʿЦס˹ѯʵ
˹´ɯʿһҡҡͷʾûʲôͬ
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ʿһץס˹ڰ˹ͷ
˹ԼˣΪƤ֮޷йҵ˷йߡ
λŮԸ߽ʿ˰˹һۣɯʿҲԼʴˡ
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һʩչľΪݣӦòõģҡͷش
ľܹ˵Ƥı䣬ǡľĶЧûмڡӢ֮Уûⷽ˵
ʱʱҲˣϲ͵㣬˵ҲӡľתƵ̫ճǵϮϡ
˼Сʱ֪̫ճǱϮ¼ڰеļˣݶ򵥣ȻҲǶõصϢ
Ǳ߻ûҵɶǵӶˣûа취ǼԿˣ˹΢Ц˵
ڵжԼľ޴ʧ޷õ˹ԼռԱͬġ
෴жԼԼĻᡣ
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Ϯʹ˶ֳֶΣʹĵѶȼӴˣ޷ڶʱ׼ȷҳ֡
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ӴӴŲ鹤ͨǼѵģֻ鷳һЩ
жĿ嵥Уڸ֮¡
Ŀ֮ڣոս𣬲ҲһҴͻʧһĹ
Ϊͻһ嵥ڡ
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ֻڵ壬ҪҪҳϮ̫ճǵ֮ϣûʱ뾫Ը
µ鱨鱨ŵк鱨ŽĻȡ
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밲ҰţƽջҪоҲĹЩÿµһ죬λ߹Ҳ£ֻʩչľЦ˵Լİš
֮ǣΪʶУҲǰԱߡ
ɰԱ£Ųᱻ˱Թʲôֱ鷳е鷳Ա¡
оҪͲùˣҵϣһᴦõģԱû˿ƴǵػص
šľߣ¶Ǽ鷳£Ϊ͵İԱ˵ȴһ֮¡
Ǽ򵥣һڰԱ¡
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밲Ա𣬵ȻҲվλòͬйء
Ͽϵ󣬰Ա¶Ц⣬ÿľ֮͸©˳ȥ
֮ΪҪÿ׼ǻøҪ롣
ȻҲϢ֪˰ҷˣ˰ҷ˵ġ
Ϣ󲻾ãһϢ˰ԱЩռ߲Ϣ֪εˡ
⻹ֻռڲŲ֮󣬡ľϢᴫռ巶Χʱи
߲ԼĪĸ߲㣬ŮˣλŮֵܹסľջ


193 Ԯ
¶һ֮ٴν˱չص״̬
ʱľȶ£Ҳ뿪˽оԼԼ鷳
һȥһֱûҵصϮ̫ճ֮Ҳû׷鵽ϡ
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ȻҪ̫ճǱϮʵʧʱƣһЩʧǱ֪̽ˡ
ʵϮʧĲ̫ճǱƻǸߴ73˵73֮У붼ľӢ
Ǳըʵ̫׼ˣþ̫ճǾӢը
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ҲûжٵģβսҲ˵ֻҪ˭Ϯ̫ճǣ˵ͽ֮޹ء
ıը֮ǵķ䵯Ͽ޷ҵƵ¬ʿָٵţŷݼ˵
ҵݿ⣬ɲ鱨Ųҵݿˣҵݿļݿ⡣
ⷽǲˣǾͻ򣡡˹ʿ˵
ȻϿûصôҪôʵ׶ΣҪôĳһֽҪⷽе飬ƾ˵޷ġ
һΣɱʽսӦܵԶ̿Ƶģһֵ㣡˹ʿָ㣬ĻϵĻ涨ʾŴͻԱǰӡ
¬ʿ˽˹ʿ˼ҪͨһЩģļѹƣ޷Ĳ
ɫɴڱըΧͣ죬ǽ̫ճеǿɾ
ǿ䱻˴֣̫ճǽ޲
Ҫֻ֪Ҫ̫ճǵıƻ֮һղ޸ô޴ƻĳ֤


194 
ɫɴ뿪̫ճǣźһмվ
̫мվźתŴãܹôΧ̫мվһΧʵʱӡ
ȻĿǰ̫мվ޷̫ȫǣںܶķ䷶Χڣ᲼ô̫мվн̫պеķɴʱϵ
̫мվ豸ˮƽҲȼĲͬβƽ
Īмվ似ˮƽǱȽϸߵģļλ߽ʿԣͲʲôѶˡ
رλ߽ʿķɴУһ̨޻רΪʿƷƽ
׼ȷԶźʱ䣬ƽ̫мվ¬ʿʼеźŽз
һʱͨмվźӴ˾ЩҪλ߽ʿԼȥɸѡϵͳȥ
ҵˣ¬ʿЦ˵
оһε̫򵥣ҵֵҪ
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ϵͳʲôˣɸ߽ʿС˽˷ɴͣ£һ۾һʵ
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С˽˷ɴ̫êûпܣС˽˷ɴÿһʱ䶼ռո۵רҵԱΪ䱣ά
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㻹жý߽ףǿһֱСӣɯʿɲǵһ⣬βͬϢﵽн۷壬ôҲ޷ġ
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203 
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һɯʿĴʱ䣬û뵽λĸ߽ʿʱ򿪿ڡ
ҪģռΪҵõս飡ɯʿϽӿھܾ
Ȼ֪ʿڴʲô⣬ӲĪ˺ܶţ֪ġ
ʲôŶɯʿûйϵͬԤСӶѣǿʩչľ
ӢΨһսĶǸвٵʿӵս飬˽սľ飡ʿûɯʿЦ˵
˵ʵĶˡ
ռ˽һЩģռ壬˵Īû˵˭սĶ
ҲʹռûսһԴҪúõս飬ҪռĹϵ󹺡
Ҳףܹ۵ս飬Ҳʲô̫õġ
츳սȱҲȥѡһЩս飬Ƕսûʲô
ʿ¶˼ɫҲûм˵ȥ΢΢һЦ۾
̫Уͷɴһ߽ʿڲлˡ
߽ʿǴ޻λʮ߽ʿλһ𣬾Ϊһµõ鱨
ؼλ˴鱨оԱɯʿΪλռĸ߽ʿΪһλ߽ʿоԱսԺԲƣλʲôɪʿʵ
ɪʿĻһޱȵľȡ
ռĲã˰бλ߽ʿռĸ߽ʿ⣬γеһϢˡ
ʵǰԱһСֶΣ뿪£ֳ˲ͬȨޣֱ¼˲ͬݡ
ǰԱҪҳڲߵһַ޻ĸ߽ʿֻ֪ɯʿͬУô˵ڲߵĵλߡ
޻ĸ߽ʿ֪˻λ߽ʿлͣǾ˵ڲߵĵλѾռĽӽĵλ
˵ɯʿİȫԱһ㶼ġ
ʿ밬ʿʵֲǸ߽ʿеĶǿߡ
ټλ߽ʿΪʦ³˹ʦĵӣװط棬߽ͨʿġ
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ʦʦʦֻҪԸ⸶ۣԸΪʦ֣ҳ
ץɯʿɱ͸ʦ꣬ʦԸıģϣʿ˵
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ոջǷʵʩжʱȴϮº⡣
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Ȼ˾ͷɴǰμӻо·ա
ھֻҪںϣúͿˡ
ͷɴһʱĺУһճǵмλãռԼǶһΰȫ롣
ټǵжǳѸ٣źŷȸҲˡ
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ҲֻܶԸСͷɴڴͷɴЧͼˣҲܹôͷɴڽķΧٶȼ
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Ŀǰռû׼һʱڣֶλЧġ
֪ǰƺΣգɯʿʾСһЩ
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Ҳ˲żףӦš
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Ҫ˵ˣλбĸ߽ʿҲɣΪǣǿԽ˶һ𣡡ɪʿͷɴ˵
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ȻǣǾͳˣһɫӰ֣һɫӰ֣׵Ӱվɯʿǰ档
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ȻΧλ߽ʿΧţʱɯʿûа㵣ġ
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˵Ļŵ˫Ҳʼ˽
λǲĪĸ߽ʿ˵ǵݣᣡɪʿĵλ߽ʿ˸ƣʾСģȻٶ֣˵
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֪ʿ밬ʿװ֣λ߽ʿͽһܹװϵװȫˡ
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Ǻõѵ֪ԼѾǹ𣿡ʿʵ
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ǼȻǵķɴͽ°ɣΪʦҲͬΪ񣡡ʿ˵
ְڽϣϵĻڴʮףʱ׼֡
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ˣִˣ뿪ǲڲĪ֤ٲĪˣʱжɭʿгλ߽ʿ֣֤
ľˣжɭʿʮĸ߽ʿ޻ĸ߽ʿΪҪһļʮļ߽ʿΪˡ


204 
ˡƺʿԣֻǶʵžԵϿɣŻƺ
ԣ߽ʿֻʦĴڣŻ֮Ϊˡ
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λ߽ʿȻ΢ʮ۷ʿǾżϵʿȻǲῴġ
ˣִˣ뿪һβжɭʿ˵λ߽ʿȫǹ
ˣʿ
ӰʧԭأͳڰɪʿǰԶ
ɪʿȻλʮļ߽ʿ𺳣Ҳһֱߵľ衣
ڷְʿʱɪʿĵһӦǺˡ
ɾڰɪʿձֳ˵뷨ȴԼĶƽʱһġ
ǱɪʿڷԼ岻ܿƵ˲䣬׷ʲô
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ʿӰӰɪʿɪʿԭ廯Ϊء
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ץסȡԼĻҲǺܴġ
ʿʱĹŹΪ΢΢һ㶣ԼĴһѣΡ
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ǣʩչ˿ΪͨġÿһλϵʿյľӦ÷
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лʿľ֮л
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һߣʿҲתˣλжɭʿûܹӹ׷ɱ
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ڵλ߽ʿϳ˿ʿ밬ʿݺ󣬾ͳʧȥսʶûʩչλ߽ʿӦеʵͱʿ밬ʿɽˡ
Ҳǰʿԭսʶս
ǵǽˣʿЦ˵
һ˵һ߽ϵĻףһǼս˿ռƷС
ʿҲԼװǰϵâǱǣʿʹõҲһһǼ
ûѵĻӦǽˣʿҲһ˿Ц˵
εļƻʵ̫ɹˣȻ޻и߽ʿһ򾡡
ȻҲǳһ⣬ǱĶץס
յĽȴǺõģûˣҲˡ
Ǳ߻ҷɴȥûʲôսƷʿЦ˵
˴״̬ͷɴͷɴȻ״̬ȴΪλñ¶˳
ʿǳо飬ûöʱ䣬ͽͷɴˡ
뵽ͷɴѲһżֻ߳
ûʲôöЩҩãҷɴˣ豸ǲģʿеĺӶ԰ʿ˵
һҷɴɣʿ˵


205 о
ЩⰬʿһսƷһļͷɴ
Ҳûоܾļͷɴֻ˵ǿԽںеķɴֱжܾ޷ܾˡ
⣬ļɴġšֻʹ˲ֵļܡ
ȻšвŵģļͷɴҪǿһЩ
׼ǰǲμӻ黹Ǻһ𷵻أʿЦʵ
ʿѾӰʿ֪սеı֣˸Ȥ̬ҲһЩ
Ȼ鷳һǻճǣҵоϾҪˣû˿ԥ˾
ɲΪʲôоΪǡ⼸ҪԽϵʮ
ΪɰԱյټ޻߽ʿҲģŲʱ̳
˵ʲôо飬û˿оɹֳɵġ
Ȼǳռͷɴϣҷɴǣļͷɴŷ
һ·޻ʿ밬ʿڵճǺһļͷɴǾϰԱķɳ뿪ˡ
ܲιһͷɴ𣿡ɯʿҲû뿪һͬļͷɴǰʵ
ҲܺͷɴЦ˸ơ
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ͷɴڲװ޵ǲĳ޻ĸ߽ʿǽͷɴ̫гھסĵطڲװ޾ݻϢ
Щעģ뿴ס
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⡮һ˸ߵĽ䣬ӽһ߽˷ɴͨϡ
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ռݸ߹󣬵ҲʲôԻõģռ嵥ǵϵͼΪӴ󣬰ԱҲҪǵϵ뷨
ռԵϵԴģĲֻ֣ͨ
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̨ײġþ߻ס൱òϵĻɣɯʿǰһۣͷ˵
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ͷɴ롮šȨ޽ɯʿɯʿȥҰ˹Լӵķɳ
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ӰӢ۹Ŀģ˭֪Ӣ۹᲻Լ
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ʿһ˾ϣͺѸıˡ
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оԱ¾ٸߣҲ˭ӰĹ
磬Աͬʿ밬ʿ˵Щ˱ҪƵˡ
ĿǰҪĹÿʿ밬ʿ⡣
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ףԱ˵ŵ֮£оֻ𶯣æ鿴
ĹͰźˣҲ˭ܹѵģҲֻмϢ
λ˼Ҫȥһ£ֻϵϢ¶˾ϲ֮ɫȻʿ밬ʿǸ˵
ʲô𣿡ʿЦʵ
Ҳʲô£ǱҹȥоɹԱҲûֱ˵
ֳоɹˣʿ밬ʿһۣ˴˾֮ɫ֮ǰ˵ϳоɹǻΪдʣû뵽ôĳɹˡ
һȥʿվ˵
ǲоĵĻһȥԱԲܾҲվ˵
˽оڰԱϵ֮ʱѾλĸ߽ʿ˽оǰػˡ
ڳشоɹʱΪ˱оɹ嶼߽ʿ
ף壬壡˹˽оǰ밲Աһ
˹Ҫ׼úͬˣԱЦŵ
ͬ׼ˣ˹Ƕżġ
˽оȨޣһֱӽ뵽ʵҡ
һʵ̨ϣ˵˵˵ͷеĶûֹͣ
豸Խɨ裬ܿĻϾͳ˽ݡ
ԱԻⷽûʲôоԼĶӰ˹
˹ĿڹĻϸĲ鿴ţһ߿ϵıҲڷű仯
Ű˹ԽԽ˷ܵı飬ԱεоɹӦüΪ
ϵҪܶ30%صĸָ궼ų20%ʹϽڣڶʱܹ30%ʱĳ20%˹ڿĻϵݺһܽ
ԱĿ̶ֳȵһܹоʢ󽱵оɹ
ռڷɴϱΪսײϡƣڷռķɴгһ彫Ƽ


206 
ʿ밬ʿĿУ֮⡣
л㽫оɹ壬ǲģ밲˹ǩĺԼ⣬ҲнҪʲôһȫ㣡Աȵ밲˹ǩ˺Լ󣬳˵
˵ǲĪоԱˣоȡõĳɾͣöоԱȻʧɫ
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ʿôҪҪҲ޷벼³˹ʦĽá
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ռʿǰͲñѡУֻ˲ŵԭȱģô׽븶
ŦʦѾͬˣʿһ仰ðԱʧȥ˼Ե뷨


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208 
˹ҿ˵ˣճǵֻҪĺʱ䣬ȷɴú󣬾͸͹ȥЦİ˹ļ˵
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ԼͲʲôоţҪڸʲôоɹǲʵ顣
Ϊ˸߽ʿһʮһϵ߽ʿҲڸӵʲôλ
֪ʿ밬ʿ֮ԿֻΪ츳Ϊо츳
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ǡӢսϣĵȼֻͣҪﵽ߽׾Ϳӵһֻս飬͵߽ʿս
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ֱֳ˶Σյļ˸֪һʵѵõ
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һߣʮҴ״̬ķɴڷĿ겢ûеͶ֪Լˡ
ǲΪصжᱻ֣Ҫ֪Ϊεķ˶ʮλ߽ʿôĳ棬Ҫʿ밬ʿɱ
³˹ʦʦҪͽ⣬ȴɱλʮ߽ʿΪӵģʦȷʵǵˡ
޻ֻʦһʦһλʦ֪ºɳӶʮ߽ʿʵʩжò³˹ʦҲ߽ʿζ


209 
ҽҷɴȨ޸㣬ʻҷɴ뿪밬ֻй۸˲ֵģʿŹĻ϶ʮƶĺ㣬˵
֮뿪Ϊ밬ʿԼͷɴ٣Ҳߵ
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ʿ밬ʿʻͷɴҲܹɧŵã޷ԵзɴʲôЧ˺
֪ôشʿռ֮оڿսĽܡ
ʵϿʿȷʵռйϣҲĿսɼ
ʿļˣڶĿսǿ۵ġ
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ԭǴɧһƽ˳еŭ
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210 
ɵĲ»صͷɴʱӭ˿ʿĻӭ
һԵİʿҲѵõ¶΢Ц˵ͷ
̫ˣЦǫ
֪һĶʲô𣿡ʿһЩҲ׼˵Щ
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ʿ밬ʿ֪ǣ޻ɲֻʧʮ߽ʿʧһʮļһʮĸ߽ʿ
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λ߽ʿУƼŵȨܹڡ
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һ豸Լϲãѡʳ
ܿ죬һѡζʳͳƷһڣȻζȷʳʵǳӪ


211 
ǵһͨԺڣʿ밬ʿվڷǰû˵ʦ³˹ʦٻ
ǵҲĲ³˹ʦ֪ǵĵԲ³˹ʦʵǻصʱѾ֪ˡ
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ڲȶͬ򡯱ҲܵӰ죬ϳһƣʱ


212 ߽
ڡ״̬ȶϵڳô鷳Ҳȫھάϵ֮ϡ
ڣ򡯱ˣҲͬһʱ̣ϵڵҲ̮ˡ
ڵʮһϵϵڵľȫĳֵĺڵ롣
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һνнʿ߽׵ش̮ĹģҲĹģҪǿ౶
ܵڲ̮Ӱ죬ϵֿռҲøΪӴ
ʲôڽɹ˲䣬ˡ״̬ЩµĿԼϵڲ
һٷӻһʱ䣬ҪԿŹֵϵڲ᲻ӢʲôӰ졣
ΪĹ̻޷ӢǳΪ˸߽ʿҲǿˡ
ԺǸ⣬û˵ʲô˫ԵĶҪľϵġ
Ӣʮһһܻ㼯ͬĽڡ
ľ뵽ϵ֣Զ̻ϰľԹ̻һ
һٷӵʱ䵽ˣϵֲľʱϵڲѾľ
˵ľʵȽ϶Եģľɱȵʮʱõľܺˡ
˵ʮһľڱʮľͬ
ʮһľڱϳнӵнûеЧ
ϵڵʮһľһľϵ֣ľûȫ뿪֣һϸϸĵĹ̻ϰš
ʮһľ⣬ͬްڿзֱջصڲ
Уʮһľûвġ
壬Ǹ߽ʿص㣬ʹø߽ʿԽ쵽Զľ롣
нʿʱڣطܹ壬ȫ壬뿪ЩҲû˹ϵҪôĿ꣬Ҫôɢ
ҲǵһθŸ߽ʿǿ⻹Ǹոս߽ף廹ûȫܵʮһľĸ졣
ֻʮһľϣ͸оԼʵļ
˵ʵܵ˸߽Ŀֲ֮󣬶ҪԼ֮ǰ¸η
н֮ʱȻƾнȥ߽ʿսһ˵ɱ˶λ߽ʿ
ڵ֪߽ʿֻҪûⱣĲ֣ƤȲ˿赲ľͻᱻп
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нʿҪ߽ʿȴҪӽ߽ʿʹ˸߽ʿнҲ޷Ʒ
ڸܱ仯֮ʱദľʱɫҺ壬ϵֶڶʱȫָ
һ£ӵġ׶Ҫþ޵ջľʱϵ
Ҳ֪Ƿܹľʱܸͬоľʱһܵġ
Ϊ֮ǰҲľʱЩܣЩûᡣ
ԭֻҪ޵ӡľʱӡȡŵһԾͲӰ׶Ǿ޵Ҳûջˡ
޵żܵϵԸܵ޵ԻС
ֻһٷӵʱУʱʵһԼ뷨
׼ʹǱңȼһʣǱңղŽУһǱİö֮ࡣ
ҲûиоۣİöǱҾΪ˸߽ʿٶʮٱҲۡ
Ȼ̫˷ѣʮöǱƿַˡҩʼ׶
ʼת׶ͷ˲֮ͬƺ߽ʿ󣬡׶ҲͬĽˡ
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ռ忴ϣ˫ԵʿԵĴǲụӰġ
ȻȽһԺһԵĽѶȻΪ͡
ԭ㳢Ҳ׶ͻƣҲþ޵յĻʮһ
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鷢ˣ뵽ϵڣûľκεų⡣
һϵ֣̻°صĻԹ̻
илľʱӵİȷʵ׶ʱջ
ҲΪԼϵָо֣ϵ־Ȼľ档
ϵλõ̻ƺһжΪ̻
˵ģʦʩչطظ߽ʿʮһ㼯ڡУֵһЩ
ҲΪظ߽ʿĵȼΪʮһʮһĻûΪ̫ǿӰ쵽ʱ̮ƽ⡣
ϵ̮˲䣬ڲʮһľȫɡ
򡯱ѣڲĻûļľųЧͱ̮ˡ
ʮһתʮһľ̮УĴﵽ˾Եƽ⣬ӶɻԹ̻ľԹ̻϶ɵ˫Ĺ̻
̻Ǹ߽ʿģԴȪڡ
ҲĪ֮Уӵġ
Ŀǰ֪ĵһһ洦
ʱͻȻеĻٱϵգǱľʱӡ
ӵˣε
ϵڣֻһʮһʮһ
ܵ˾޵ϲʱҲû˲
ѾǸ߽ʿǡӢطæµģרעľ
һٷӹȥ״̬룬Լĸı䡣
˵һٷֻΪԼյʮһΪ޵ṩʮһҲǾ塣
Уһܵǿ
ǰһӢʮһľյʱ䲢ǿǲԡ
ӢĴ󲿷ʱ䶼ڽ״ֱ̬ʱΣʮһľŵõǿЧ
ǷˣʮһľǿʮһǿΪ档
ܵǿǿǶȫλǿԱġ
ټ屾ڲϽܾ޵ǿʹ֮ǿԶԶʮһˮ׼
ٹһʱ䣬ʮһǿȫѹʮһ߽ʿ
˵߼ĸ߽ʿûʵ飬޷жϡ
ֽˡӢڤ뷨Ϥѵһöͼơ
ڶ𴲣ϴֳһζʵںȫһ͡
ĵоԼʱƣԼû뿪ԺӵȨޣߵԺӵıԵʱʱƾͻע⡣
޷뿪ԺӣԺӾôʱҲ޷ʹʮġ
Ϊ˴ʱ䣬ҲΪϤҪطԺУлšӢйսطݡ
ڵ˸߽֮Ӣĸ߽ʿʵһξʽ
Ҫ֪ӢľԶʹڵͽнʱսͬ׵͡
ľԵЧģĿָ
ЧȻЩãսİС
ߣнʱԾͿӰ쵽ܵĵˣֱûԵЧһΧڵĵˡ
ԵߣҲŸԲͬЧ
ľڵͽнףһֱСĴڣ߼ġӢ޷ıһ㡣
ڴﵽ߽֮߼Ӣǿ֮¶
Ⱦս飬ս飬ӵŷͬʹսҲʹø߽ʿ
ټսһѡս츳ǿ࣬ӵʹø߽ĳ̶ֳϣսĹˣܱ˸ǿ
Ҳ˵ֻҪһֻս飬Ӣ߾͵ӵ˫ͬս


213 
޻Ӵڵһɫÿ궼οǰ
ŵʿҲһִ󣬵ǷɷɣԻսѹ
ʮļһֱСĵı״̬κһ覴ãΪĿǳΪʦ˹ʦһǿʦ
Ϊʮ߼ʦĵӣŵʿ֪ҪΪʦһЩʵľǼΪҪ䡣
ŵʿһСС˽˵ġ
ڰӵһСԺףҲΪĵط
ϣŷڵϵİɳУźˮĴ򺣰ʪĿźϢϡ
ڶŵʿ֮ʱԹܿУһԱһֻݿӵԹܿҵĽӿϡ
ǹǵĳϵͳϵͳ˰ϵͳͨϵͳϵͳȵһжɰ
ҲɼԵҪԣȻҪĳϵͳǼѵġ
ݿвʲô򣬶һʾжݵݰ
԰ԵĹʽڷݰ󣬻ԶݰнȻӽҳݰԴ
һεĶݰЩ⣬Ǹŵ鱨֯ը
԰ԵܣҪⲿķǲܵ¡
ӰԹ֣ܿҲͬù
鱨֯еĳר辶ķʽӰԡ
ݿһһٸݰٶȣԴš
Եһʱ䷢˶ݰʼÿһݰҪӴ
ЩݰرģƵĿľΪռø
԰ԵǿĶݰ䲢ûʲôӰ졣
ǣ鱨֯Թܿҵ鱨ԱȴǴרýӿϵŶݰ
һһٸݰٶȣһʼԻģŶݰϵĽ룬Եٶһ㡣
ԵٶȱݿĶݰٶȲûб
ԵռãʹðԲòĵطȡ
ȡڶʱڱռãԼȡγһѭ
ڰǸҵ֡
ʹ˷֣˿
ƽʱ£Ҫ֪򼶵ԶǼͨѶ豸ңԶΪмվṩַ֧
뽫ٵǵĹߣǳԾķ֣ڲͨѶ޷ͨ
֮УķɳʧȥԭЩͣڿУЩǺҷš
صĻǳйϵʧȥ˰ԵĹ󣬳йϵ̱ˡ
ڰǳֻ֮ʱһҴ״̬ͷɴ̫֮з˰ǵĴ㡣
鱨֮£ͷɴ޷ӽƷϵİǡ
ͷɴĿ꼫ΪȷźжŵʿڵСȥ
ӽսȻ뿪ʿԵİʿЦ˵
ڽҪһλͬĸ߽ʿսʿʮ㡣
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Ҳ԰ǵķϵͳģзеκηҪˡ
̧ͷգвûзĸ֪УһҷȷʵУһڷٿ
ԣŵʿһ䷢嵯ӡ
ͬʱ״̬ͷɴڣʿ밬ʿͨڵ
λ׵ĸ߽ʿͬ㣬ͷɴĳƣԼٶȣŶŵʿӽ
ŵʿȫֻһ̿㣬ɵģΪȫĵطװڷС
ȴ֮⣬ƽʱ׵ľ룬ֻȫ֮µļ֮£ȴ޷쵽
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ʿŵʿ֮ʱʿڷ˶ŵʿǰȡװĵ·ҲŶŵʿ
ŵʿʵͬΪʮ߼ʦĵӣܵԴӵеװȿʿ밬ʿ
ڹطҲͬˣ޻УҲżԺյ
ϧǣŵʿԵȫװλ߽ͬʿλ߽ʿϵĻףеһǼļĸ߽ʿܹõǿװ
ŵʿԼأȫֻһ̿㣬˵ֿȭ
£λ߽ͬʿҪߣٶҲ޷ȵλ׵ĸ߽ʿ
֣ǻҪҪŵʿҲڵһʱϳλ߽ʿݡ
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ŵʿֻҪһʱ䣬Ǿͻ֧ᷢԮϾͿԵ
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ŵʿϳ˾ĶҲ֮һһĽؿڴ
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ڰԹܿڣ׵ִʿסݿĹԱ
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ûݿݰԵҲָˣ֮߻졣
ڰԻָһ󣬴̶ľ
һֵԴڱŸҪ򣬶ŵʿС֮һ
ںɳ̲ϣʧȥϢĶŵʿط
ٴλһǰǵִԼ򸽽ľӡ
Ǻܿͱִʵɨ豸ȫеķɳҲȫ棬ִֻŵķѰκεĿɡ
Ҳڽӽǣʱ׼֧Ԯս
һЩˣʿ밬ʿͷɴһ˰ǣ뵽̫ա
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ڶŵʿĲʱ䣬ʿ밬ʿĶʮλ߽ʿȺܵ˴ɱ
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˹ʦһָңָڵĹĻϣʾŶʮλ߽ʿĻ
˹ʦԤŸıж֪³˹ʦ·񣬾ԻԷӵĸ߽ʿʵʩж
ƾͼƣȻ˸һγɹĴ
ЩЦЦһжеζ
ڿ˹ʦЦݸոչһϢ˹ϢݺЦݲͣϡ
³˹ѽ˹ʦȻһŭ
ӿ˹ʦϣһɿֲϢڶΪɢ
ڸǣǸ߽ʿͨˣоͬĩٰĿ־УʿǻһЩͨڼƬ̺Ѫԡ
˹ʦϢܿղֻһʱ޷ƣͨ˲ܵΣա
ŵʿƺ޻߻ռƣλ߽ʿ
ɿ˹ʦʮֻɣ³˹ʦмĿܣôɱʮ߽ʿߵע⡣
³˹ʦɹˣ˹ʦߵȷȫɱʮ߽ʿûпǵ
Ҳλ߽ʿ˶ŵʿ
˹ʦȴϣԼҸ߽ͨʿȡŵʿš
Щ߽ͨʿûгΪʦϣǾһϣãǱľ
ŵʿͬǿ˹ʦ㾡ȫʦӣŵʿÿ˹ʦŬȫա
Ҳǲ³˹ʦϣÿ˹ʦܵģ˹ʦ֮ǰļƻɹ³˹ʦ˫ڿ˹ʦڵĸܡ


214 
ʱ䣬ʱѾʼˡ׹ǹѧϰ
ûȡ֧һǼǹһ֧ͨǹϰš
ҲһνӴĸ߽׹ɱǰսƾְҵսʱڵѵ
ְҵսսɼﵽսɵļޣʿͨĴڡ
˸߽ʿְҵսսɺܶ඼̫ʵˣΪ߽ʿսȫеͽʿʱڲͬ
߽ʿΪ壬ʹùĶӡ
ȻԽԶԽټ⣬һ£ʮ׵׷ΧڣǸ߽ʿĹΧ
£ְҵսսϵȫƷ
⼸죬һֱо߽ʿս⣬ڷһ뵽еġ׹ǹ鼮
ڵнʿʱڣսɼûʲô֣˸߽׺ҪʶԼսʽ
ԺкϽ泡أϰǹóء
ǰʱƴһϢͣеĶɨʱơ
¶ЦݣǿʿϢϺͰʿ
ǹŵһԣӿռ䱳ҳˡҺơ⻹ռģ߼оԱ·
ʱƴ˽Ժӵ룬ͨ룬Ժš
ż˰ɣʿһԺžЦ˵
鼫ãɱ˶ŵʿǳеһڶ
첻ܲˣҲоԲ
λ󣬿ʿҪ˾нʿԼݺԼܹϾסͬʱŵص
ʿʱɫһͣոͻƸ߽ʿϻǿҵĸ߽ܿƵɢŸ߽Ϣ
ǽ߽ˣʿԾʵ
ܶнʿɹ߽ףⷽǷǳоġ
˵ӯ״̬ҪʱĥľҲҪʱĵ
УҪɴԻȡҪԴ
˽о֮רңɶλ߽ʿЭ֮£ſʼʽĽ߽׹̡
ҲǿʿΪ׼ĵ·ҪľнʿԼʡȥһ鷳ֻҪ񣬾ͿԻȡԴ
ҪʱٳЩǱľ֮ˡ
ɿʿûзͿѾǸ߽ʿһ׼ûС
һԳȵİʿҲ¶˲˼ɫ
żоͽˣλ£Ҳûʲôдģ˸ƣλ߽ʿԺеϢ£Ϊλ߽ʿϡҺơ
Ϊ׼ĺԼûˣʿҡͷЦ˵
밬ʿһۣʿҲ֮ͬɫ
ڹһЩ鷳
һ¶յнʿнʿ߽׵УŻͶԴ
нʿĺԼǵнʿΪ߽ʿҪΪŷһЩ꣬Գŵĸ
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ûоȹλ߽ʿλ߽ʿҲںǩǷݾнʿԼ
ҪΪ׼һݺԼ㻹Щ죬ʲôҪͨҪ˻Ҫ󣡡ʿ˵
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ŵݼߣڸ߽ʿĺԼ⣬Ҫ롣
߽ʿκκǼҪģս
ļʦҲ޵ģ󲿷ʱսȻǸ߽ʿ
λ߽ʿҺơ˲ϺȣʹҴ뿪ԺӣҪĽ⡣
Ǵģ־ȹǣǱҪΪȡõ档
ʿ밬ʿʦ³˹ʦԺӣԭǲ鷳ʦģҪҪʦС
ʦλ߽ʿȵ³˹ʦټ
ҲҪǣǴȥС޻ıжٸ߽ʿ뿪֮ǰǶʮ߽ʿֹͣ³˹ʦ
ڲ³˹ʦĲ£ÿ˹ʦǱʧһӣһʦǱĸ߽ʿ޻Ǽʧ
Ҳڴɱʮ޻߽ʿУλ߽ʿ
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˫˸ʧʹ޻븶ڸ߽ʿһĳͻˡ
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żٽĸ߽ʿһ߽ʿǸģģģҲҪǵҳϵ⡣
ܲܽյĸ߽ʿİӣεİʱܶɺܴ𺦡
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³˹ʦĿɨϣЦĿԼӣҲеԭɡ
ͬʱҲ˺棬ȻȹӣҲѹӻΪ˹Լ
ʾϢӢϵ뾫ϵ˫ޣӢ˸߽ףϵʮ
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ϵϱֳ˼ǿ츳ͬʱϵ츳Ҳ
³˹ʦڼ󣬶ŵۡ
Ҫ֪ڲ³˹ʦеţɲϿɵţҪ³˹ʦԼϿɲܹΪš
ļʶУЩǿ߽ף߳ɾͲʮĸ߽ʿ㲻ʲôš
Ҳǿʿ밬ʿʦǱĸ߽ʿܹš
Ȼʮһ³˹ʦѾŵۡ
³˹ʦˣЩ˼Ĺ
³˹ʦƽͳϣռ˽ŵһЩϢ
ռĹܲͬռ壬ʦǲʾģţʦȴǹżŵʵ
ռʱŦʦǸ߸ϵģҲֻԶԶŦʦ
Ϊλᵽ˲Ī³˹ʦ΢Цʵ
֮ĺܶϣڲȴǼ٣³˹ʦҪи˽⣬ŵʳ⡣
ôľ֮£ƭ³˹ʦ֡
ڲʱľصĳͻ֮²뿪˲µҲҪʵʵ˵
³˹ʦ˵ͷĸ֪˵ʵ


215 
츳ܺãҿδԸΪҵļ𣿡³˹ʦ΢Цʵ
ճڣʿ밬ʿһݴЦĿ
³˹ʦڲĹʱʦ³˹ʦĻ󣬳һ»ʵ˵
ʿ밬ʿЩȣôõĻᣬȻûӦ˵¡
Ҫ֪ǲ³˹ʦļӣҲǼѵõġ
ÿһλи߽ʿһλűλʦУλʦ¡
ΪʦĵӣǼӣܵĴҲͬ
ûϵģĹǶʦļӰ죡³˹ʦûЦŽ͵
ֳʵʮϲǰʦΣʦûʲô
ʿͲϵսձռȶڼûпʦİ
ԵĿʿæʹɫϴӦ
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ԴҵԤṩʦֶչ³˹ʦתͷԿʿԸ
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ʣʿ밬ʿһЦ
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û뵽һοѡĻᣬʿļѡһûκԥľѡ
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СͷɴͿһѾˡ
ˣʲô·ԸУôԹˣʮǫĹ˵
ܣʦյļʦս飬ѡʿ˵ͷȻܵ
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ﲢûʲô쳣ζÿһ䶼Զװá
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ǵֺ¹ԸºͣóٶȡʮרҵΪš
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ڸȻжֿսĶЩƷߣЯսĸ߽ʿһ㶼ʵǿġ
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ܽʱߵդǰ뿴ЩŵҰޡ
ܹսҰޣǾԣܹʱʴģҰȺ֮Ǽ亱ġ
Ĺս飬߼Ӣļƥǣ֮Ĺս鶼⼸ƥǵĺ߿¡Ʒ
ڲĹˡӢĸ߽ʿһ㣬ѡһƥΪԼս顣
ڲĹսѵսѾγһϵ
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⣬ֿԳΪսҰޣԸ߽ʿϢķӦôҲ޷Ϊս飬߽ʿսˡ
ʱ뵽ԼϵվƤҲֻվƤŻЧ
ͷ󺹵ϵţרҵԱѯʡ
ܣõģӦ޹أʿЦŻ˵
Ҳԭ򣬲ɲῪѯʲô漰ĳܡ
ЩεĿ֮ǰϬţǰĵֺ¹˵ʵֻҰ޻һһٶȣǿеѡ
ֻֻҰηվ޵Ϣǽһֻս飬Ҳ޷Ϊս
ΪϿһֻվ޵ģһ޵һʱڣվš
һֻηվ޵˳̶ȵս飬ôߣ
ҲûҪܵĽܣ֪˽պܿ޷ѡԼҪսҲܵĽˣÿһդǰһ
ܸ󣬿һֻֻҰڼ̱ڵйǳ˳顣
ôһ㣬ٶʱЩҰ޷ָġ
һ֪ЩҰ޻᲻˲⣬о˵Ұϵë㲻ʲô鷳Ͼͺѽˡ
ԽԽ죬ʿҲˣҪѡһֻսǺˡ
ף߹һդͣ
դ֮һֻףúŵأǰ֫СȴŷצӣȫƤľޡ
ֻڸܵվƤϢʱҰǰ̱ڵأܵ˵˰ͳ˻
⻹ǵһֻվƤҰޣȻ˵׵ߣΪս飬ֻҰܹڸܵվƤϢ󣬻ܱս̬һ̫ѵˡ
׸ߵս飬޷ڳɳķʱսͬС
սĸ߽ʿԣǼΪģս鲻˷ֿҪս岻ܹ


216 շ
ܣʲôû޵˻תͷʵ
ˣǴӴԭʼǲ׽ѸޣյĿǰûжоܶҰʮϤſھͻش
ѸޣٶȺܿ𣿡Щ⣬ֻ޻֡
Ѹ޵ͣӦԵҰޣΪʲôѸޡ֡
ԭʼϵҰ޶ǼΪ޴ѸڴԭʼǱȽϽСģԭʼǵҰǰûгֹӵս츳Ұޣֻⷢս츳ѸޣŻ͵ܽ͵
ѡΪҵս飡ָѸ˵
˲ȴʮһ£ǾֻѸһΪ
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ΣֻѸҪˡ
˵Ѹ̫ߴˣ㲢޷˷ġ
ΪҪշܴ뿪ʮֲֻѸޣȴҲûа취ֻܸ
ΪоصܣȻҲˣֻѸĳ֮
˭ǲ³˹ʦҪ͵ģôᣬҲΥ³˹ʦ־
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դʧ˲䣬Ѹ޻ΪһӰſ˹
ûܣҲûжǿһְֻѸ޵ĴԴ
СģܾһЩдˡ
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Ѹǰ֮ȻΪֹ
ǿЦ˵
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Ѹ˷Ļᣬĸоȫͨ͸
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Ѹ޷ԼưסˣҲԣССһֻƿԵס;޴Լ
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ʱҲˡӢսطһʱ䶼оʱõǼΪ
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ɫĹâͼͼ˳ƣû뵽Ѹ޵ͷ­ڡ
ѸһͣǷƺҪѵͼƴ
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ֻʣһ˿ʮһҲͨҰ޿Գܵġ
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һ̣оԼѸĳϵϵϵйء
ſƣѸ޲ûǰ壬º͵ôԴ˲
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ѰĿ꣬ڹĻ㣬беطֻ֡
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ҲԼҪЩˣǱһǼǵ޻ĸ߽ʿֻܴ޻ܵõ׵Ľط
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ӵľ뻹δʼĻԵڡ罣ûжļӳЧ罣ҲԼǿĹٶȣڳΪ߽׺ġ
˸߽׺֮ǰսʽѾٺʣҪԼȱ㡣
ѡˡ罣ȻԼѡ񷢸˿ʿ
ڰСʱĲǿʿǰʿ
ʦܣѡġ罣ϰǴرʱ䣬ÿһСʱָ罣ʿһ鼮˹˵
ӹ鼮ܵ鼮ڴ˿˿ƾĲӦĳλʦֱʣҲֻʦܽ罣Ĵи鼮ڣγһر
رպˣһջأʿûͣһ뿪ˡ
Ҫѧϰ찬ʿʱһЩ׵ĵطͿ򰬷ʿѯˡ
Űʿָѧϰ罣Ĺлߺܶ·
ڰʿ뿪ãʿݷãźڲģصعͱԴ
һµƿ֥ݸҩƿ߽׵ҩԼǱҡ
𿴡֥ݸҩ٣ֻƿǸ߽ҩмУЧǸ߽ʿٶȵĸҩ
߽׵ҩ޸ˣҩĸ߽ҩ


217 ɴ
õǲ³˹ʦԤӵĴÿôĸ߽ҩѾǷǳ˲õԴˡ
ĸ߽ʿÿ¾ƴҲܶһôĸ߽ҩ
ţø߽ʿӵ˿ԶһԴĻᡣ
߽ҩһֱ¢״̬ڴ֮ǱҶԹ򵽡
ŵõƿ֥ݸҩƿ߽׵ҩ֮ɫ
Щ߽ҩսʮһ߽ʿ˵Ѿ㹻֮ˡ
ͬÿӲϣÿζûʽʼ׶ǲÿǻԸ߽ҩ⡣
ĸ߽ʿҪ壬ֹͣԻָΪҩ￹ԡ
ȻĹ̿ͨá߽׵ҩӿ죬һֶһʾ޴ĸ߽ҩġ
ΪദľʱӵĴڣÿǷܵ⡣
˵߽׵ҩǿ߽ʿȡʹõ߽ҩ
֮ʱͬռһ㲻κϵرˡ
ڤ뷨⣬ϰ׹ǹ롮罣սطʱ䶼Ѹޡ
ʿ밬ʿҲ֪ǸսҪһʱ乮̸߽ʵҲûκ´ŵ
һʱ䲢̫ƽ³˹ʦ뿨˹ʦĳͻһʱУϵķš
ŵĸ߽ʿִʱܵ˹ʦǱߵĸ߽ʿ֮󿨶˹ʦǱߵĸ߽ʿҲܵŵĸ߽ʿ
߽ʿ֮ĦܿͲнʿнʿӴγͻĹģҲͳֳ˱ʽ
Ħûжþͱ֮Ħ
һʱ䣬ʿ޻ʿ֮ȫڵж״ֻ̬Ҫһɱ
޻븶Ҫⳡͻ˫ܹӰ쵽ʿΧǳ٣ʦҪҲˡ
֪Щʵļ֮ĳͻԭɱʦģ֮˫Żͻճִ档
צӹҪͷԺп뾫ϵսѸ޽е
Ѹ޵ӿǰеİЩƣѸޱȰҪСܶ࣬ҲϣѸܹΪǿڣԾΪѸȡˡ֡
ĿǰǵսʽǰڴԭʼǣҰ޶Ǽߴģսʽٶȳ棬Լ̵ͷ­ˣֻ÷˺ҧˡ
սʽ䣬İСʿԣЩˡ
Լ뷨ڵŰսʽ
ѡϵսΪԾϵ׵ķõİ˺
ĿǰϵսϵдڼΪεĵλʮϵʵ嶼硣
ΨһǿǷˣ뱩¶ϵ׵Ĵڣľϵûдﵽ߽ǰ׼¶ϵס
ʹþϵ֮Ϊ˰
ϵʲôʱսܹ߽ףҪľϵʲôʱͻơ
ԭΪϵͻƲʲô鷳ʮǰԹһͻƣȴʧˡ
ϵ߽ףһ䡮¹⻨õ˰ʮöǾȴҲûܹɹ
ȻʮöǾҲû˷ѣڽʧܺȫڹ̾ϵڵâǣʮҲʮס
ڽʧܺŷԼļ꣬ľϵһֱáǾתĴǿġ
нڵСǲʲôѣн׽߽ףûоʱĥµֳ
Ҳżˣϵﵽ˸߽ףʵһµȫҲǿﵽܹսĳ̶ȣ߽ͬʿʱս
Ա߼ĸ߽ʿҲİգ԰ٶȣߵĻһĸ߽ʿ׷ϵġ
һµľǸ߽ҩ̫ˣƿ߽ҩĵˡ
߽ʿнʿԣٶ̫࣬û㹻ĸ߽ҩŨĻ֮УҪһҲҪܶꡣ
׼Լһս󣬾ͿʼԽȡŵ
ֻĿǰУ˿ʿ밬ʿͲʶ߽ʿˡ
˵ǲ³˹ʦļӣû֤츳ֵǰ³˹ʦ̫չˡ
ԤӵĴѾǺܴչˣͱ߽ʿҪߺܶࡣ
ͣ°ɣнеͷһϵͣ˶
źϽ棬ܵԡ
ֽʮһľ뵽ڣҲٶȴΪ½رĳڣÿ춼Ҫĵڴ
ͽȣһʱÿʱÿܵʮһľǿЧ
ʮһľ˵ЩǰģսطʹðԷ
һʼڵʮһľʱļ٣һǿʹĵģһǰ޷Щ˷ѵġ
ͨսϵָοڵڰѾܹڵڵ˷ѵļ٣ٵҲǿϡ
ϢΪǺǱԴԴӡ
һϵԣս˿ռƷڡ
Ų鿴ƵϢ¶Цݣ´ˣǰ˹ͷɴˣѾ⡣
û˽˷ɴŵĹСͷɴǿõģҲԺӵĸ
ϲһһʱ䣬һСͷɴͣԺڡ
СͷɴٿСͷɴ̫շȥ
һʱ䣬⻹ǵһζԳǡ
ҲԼȨޣȨ޿ɲͣӵʱǣԴ˽ǵȨޣ˲ͣʮСʱ
ȨѾܸˣΪ³˹ʦļӲеȨޣǵи߽ʿûд˽Ȩޡ
Сͷɴ龧ɵǰǵԼݣһСͷɴͨͨ򿪡
СͷɴɹͨǵķΧ
ݰ˹λãСͷɴһٹľλҵͣͷɴ
ͷɴͲǡšԭеĳªͣʹõµļͷɴǡ
СͷɴͷɴԽӣͨͨͷɴҲ΢Цİ˹
˹þòˣЦŴ˸к
û뵽Ϊ˲³˹ʦ˵ļӣϢЩţ˵Ϊʦϣܴ󣬲³˹ʦ˵۹⼫ãүүǱ³˹ʦ˿кųɳΪʦģ˹̾
Ϊʦôףҡͷ˵
н֮ʱԳΪʦżǿģΪٶȣΪʦʲô⡣
˸߽֮ļѣĿǰԴƽʮʱҲҪʱ䡣
ÿһԴĵʱ䶼мʮļ֮Դ󣬵׶ûǿ֧ţûгԴ޷֤
ʿ밬ʿʮļȹ˽ʮʱ䣬ȵʮ弶ʱҪʱ䡣
Ȼ߽ʿ֪뷨ƻᱻ
ԤʱʮʱѾ߽ʿ޷ٶˡ
˸߽֮߼ġӢƲչ֣ⲻսϣٶϡ
Ӣڸ߽ʱ̶ܹȵûеתΪıǳߡ
˵ЩʲЩĸ߽ʿһҲͣʮһ֮ϣҲûнĿܡ
ιһ·ɴ˹Ϊʲô鷳ת˵
ϵûһ㷢Ȩ
ҲȤŰ˹ɴ
˹㽫ĵˣϾͷ˸ı֮ʵ
֮ǰļͷɴĿܴڽڲͷֺ벿һ뱻ռˡ
ǵģǴ棬˹Ҳװˣ֮ǰɴϵͳҲûƳΪ˹չ˹ػص
˵ʱܽ˹̶ȵͷɴĳϡ
ļ˹ɲóķɴļͨɴ硣
ļͷɴΪ˹ļͷɴĴ󲿷ֹܣ滻˴棬ṹ˸ı䡣
Ϊľǽ˹ļϵͳںϣʹ˹ܵõһμ


218 
Ȼ˹ֻǳܣڱ˹Ƿǳġ
ҷɴΪšЦž
˽˷ɴٶЩ죬Ҳ֣˵˹ͷɴȻԭġš
֮󰲸˹Ϊ¡š๦ܣļܣŴΪԭļļܣԼܹõͼɴʧٵġ
Ȼ˹¡šĲϵͳ˸Ķװ˾ϵϵͳǶ¡šҪĸװ
˾ϵϵͳʻš̫սܹһΡ
˹ȤǵԺ𣿡תͷЦ򰲸˹
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ڰȥһϢʱ䣬нʿŻķΪ档


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ԹߵĽǶȣۿ˰սọ̈̄԰սǺġ
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222 
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223 
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224 ̵
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ܿʹӶսƷϲ룬˿ʱ䣬Ͼ͵ʱ䣬׼״̬


225 ȡ
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226 ɱ
ֻһΪͨеȳУĳ֮УһλнʿȽϵϡ档
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ǵһսңϣʿЦʵ
ʵʣֻ¶Ӿ֪ˡ
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ϣʿĿǿʿģС֮мʿʮʿΣ͵ģȴߵġ
ʿҲϣʿ뷨׼վ
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Ų˹ʿϣʿ뼪ʿȫͬı塣
ΪʲôǱضƽ⣬ʲԣ˿ʿǲʵ
˿ҵͻȻԼˣŲ˹ʿ̯̯˵
ԣ㲻ܲμӣϣʿ˵
ʿҲͷͬ
ҡ˿ʿӲķȴЩûе
ȷʵ뷨ŶսʱԼˡ
ȻͿԵõҪġľƣʱƤͻϣʿһˡ
˿ʿС˼С˶֪һô⡣
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ʮһľʿóվʿĶ˵
߽ʿվսҵıԵÿ˵е
ӿռ䱳ȡһǼսһǼУͿļʿеһǼ
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֪õһǼﻹҪʵֳһǼӵԽսʵ
ͨʮ߽ʿѴȻ⻹ҪһǼЧΣһǼҲеܱȵġ
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ðɣһǼ𣬻һѲ֪ǴӺʱͷڿռ䱳ڵսƷ
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˵ʱɱʮļ߽ʿһЩֶΣĥģȴ˶Ըߵȼ߽ʿηС
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Χżʿƶ罣ȫչΪһѳ׵ɫ⽣ɫ⽣̳
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ԽԽߣʲôʱĶ֣⹥ġ
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뼪ʿͬù֮ѾԽսˣʮһʮļʿвģرÿһײȡ
⼫ӰĹÿһγ󣬶Ҫµûɫ⽣ʹüʿ㹻ʱӦһι
ȻѹżʿŲ˹ʿ̾
¼ʿóҲʮĸ߽ʿʱΧ֮ޣҲ̫ˡ
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ʩչĹطôõսԹ۵Ȼǿ
罣Ǹ߽׹طҪĹ׵㼫ΪֲҲǰʿĳط
λ߽ʿҲͬΪŵĸ߽ʿҪһ罣ԶԶ޷㹱׵Ҫ
ǵõ˲³˹ʦİԤӵʸҪϰ罣ҲҪۺܾõĹ׵ܹ
ĸ߽ʿ󲿷ֵĹ׵㶼ڶһ߽ҩܹĹ׵١
˵нСӣǰռıˣ˿ʿʵ
˿ʿ֪Ų˹ʿϣʿҪСӵԭλ߽ʿͬһ壬ټλ߽ʿλ߽ʿ˱뷨
ǰսʮ߽ʿսһǼһ˾ӵսʤͨʮ߽ʿʵ
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Ҫɱһ߽ʿžѹʵܹ
˿ʿѯʣŲ˹ʿϣʿ¶Ц
Ҳ֪Ӧôش⣬⻹ʮһʮʱСǾѾݲˡ
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£ǿķʵ˵
ս䲻࣬սУʿǰġ
ԾǷǿЩʵ޷ƿҷԭ򣬻Щ㵽ʮҾ޷סĹˣʿҡͷ˵
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ʹ˽ͷɴ˽ͷɴһĳЩ֮
ܹЩķɴҲΪִɱһЩȫԣ̫պпɲôȫģ̫ᷢս


231 
ǰִһ죬ڡšϵȴˡ
λ߽ʿҪټ
ڲһ޻ļͬ޻Ҳͬ˴һ
ɱ鱨֧֣Ǹ鱨Ÿȷ鱨
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šļʮͨģûʲô֮
š̫ͣգҹɴ󹫹ɴ뿪
˵Ƿǰλ߽ʿšʱͬʱģҲԼٱֵķա
Ȼѡ̫գ൱ȫģԶԽĶŵľӢ
Ų˹ʿһ롮šλ߽ʿ
˳ͨʻգǴкҲվһǵİ
߽ʿ뵹һǿԸ֪ڵʮһľӦս飬ɰʵ̫гˡ
˵ʵӢ֮²ʲôܣֻҪ֪ܹʩչľȻ֪ĶǡӢˡ
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սҪģǸҪʱḶ́ǶʱͿԳ͵ġ
رս飬ϢԼսǲҲʮһʵ
׬ˣϣʿɨŲ˹ʿĿе˼Ų˹ʿס
ԭҪЯģֳͳʵǷֻǱ޴󣬼սҲǳǵ
ҵս顮˵Ŀ⣬ЦŽܵ
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ٶƣҲǼΪԵģǾ˵ĵȼֻ̫ͣʮһṩҲֻʮһ
жϣԸһʮĸ߽ʿȫٶסԷʮһҲܶʮ߽ʿһвʹʮ߽ʿ޷սȦ
СӵʵҪˣŲ˹ʿЦ˵
ҲЦڶѵǿȻǸ˵ġ
ǵɱǽ޻һһ˷ɴһ˷ɴ߽ʿһʮʮһʮнʿ񱨳ٹ׵㣡Ų˹ʿԼ˹Ļ㿪Ļܵ
˷ɴ֪͵ʲô𣿡ʿ߽ʿ͵Ļ˷ɴɳʵ
һԭļֵߵûгΪսƷĿԣŲ˹ʿ㿪Ļϵ˵
ԭûнκμӹĴֿ
ֻҪʿйصƷֵǼߵģԭļֵڼӹ֮Ϊԭϲ֡
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ǽͷɴװԭҲֵ˶١
˵ˣͷɴԱͷɴʹÿռҪСܶࡣ
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һʮ߽ʿʮһ߽ʿɱĿ꣬޻ĻСӶ˷ѡ
ȷĿĺߣǼƻŲ˹ʿЦ˵
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񸶶޻ʿڿսˣ˴ƽɴ⣬ûʲôɴܹʹЩԾ㡯
ԡšҪ޻ı߽룬ǲʹáԾ㡯ġ
ҪĺʱҲЩҪʮʱָܵ⻹ǡšٶȱͨļͷɴԭ
ʮ̫պУλ߽ʿĹϵҲǢ
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š뵽޻򣬷ɴڸ߽ʿҲ
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ֲ˴弶豸ʹÿʿ˽ͷɴĺܶ๦ܣܹʹļ⺽ж
šͲˣֻƾ鱨ṩİȫ·ƿ޻̫հȫϵͳ
ƺֻ鱨ŵ鱨ȷʵšڵĿĹУȻûκ鷳
Ǳԭʱǰһ죬šȷʵܿѽŲ˹ʿڵĿ󣬲Ц˵
һʱ䣬˸ʱ׼ƻ
˳źӭȥ޻̫ãϣʿ
õ˴ҵͬ⣬λʮ߽ʿ׼ʮʵĸ߽ʿȷʵѹˡ
޻ٴһ죬һΣա
Ը޻ĵжԳ̶ȣǾ˰ȫЩ
šٴμ٣һ˷ɴĺŻ˷ɴķС
̫պУ󲿷ֵķɴѡֳɵĺΪ̫вûΣմڵģǾ̽ĳĺ·
ĺ·ȫԼߣټһΣշҲڸʱڻɴİ
󣬹Ļɨʾעһ㣬ҸݶԷͣжϳɱĿ꣬һװԭĴͻ˷ɴ
ʹĿ꣬ڻܣ״̬һʱ䣡Ų˹ʿ˵
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ˡطľΪٸϸߣεľϸ߿ʼ
šžϵͳӷĿơ
ڶŲ˹ʿ´һϢھѾɹʼ˻ܡ
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Ų˹ʿ˵Щʲôû˵ڣսҪУʱѯʲʱ
ʱռʱɻŸ߼оԱݵģţò˶þͻΪоԱˡ
ô룬Ҳûһϵ߽ʿһܵ³˹ʿϵţȴͬʱҲһϵнʿ
ڼСӺһδεˢǵ֪չļֵ
˵ʵκһ֧߽ʿСӣԸһ̫ͨսн׾ϵʿΪ⽫߽ʿСӴİȫ
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ʵϣԸսľϵʿʵ̫ˣϵʿΪоԱǲǾϵʿóҲΪȫ
ܺã״̬Ų˹ʿ׿˼˵
šڴڳ״̬ӦȻᱻͻ˷ɴյ
ЩŲ˹ʿҲ֪ˡšص㣬šʹ˸Ĵ棬Ϊ˴ĿռΪۡ
Ϊʹ˴棬ʹášڹʮǿ
ͻ˷ɴ಻ӷĴͷɴšһھͿƵ֣ش
šڷźţͻ˷ɴֻҪյˣҪϣǳܡšĻԹͣ˵Ŀ飬ȫ֮
Ų˹ʿ鼫Ϊḻõַʽôͻ˷ɴûеڶѡ񣬴ͻ˷ɴڽܵˡšĳϢ󣬾ϵͳжϣó޷ֵĽۡ


232 쳣
ͻ˷ɴֹͣתͬʱͨƵšͨѶϢ
ӿＯE843Ż˷ɴɴװɴ
ǱݣӿＯ޻ҲȻˣӰС
һĿյҪӿＯŵĻ˷ɴҪǵӦĺ
ǶԿûȤ÷ɴϵʿ뿪ɴǽݻٻ˷ɴŲ˹ʿͨƵӦ
Ų˹ʿûҪԭĴ㣬Ҳûй˷ɴ뷨
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ļĲܳʱʮʱ䣬ʱû˺
׼Ų˹ʿԷٳûжҲȣ˵
ڡš׼֮ʱͻ˷ɴڷɳ߽ʿԼʮнʿ
ʿ뼶𶼺鱨࣬ҲöŲ˹ʿ˲١
ҲһԸ壬һɱִʱȴ˷ɱ
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ڵĳٶһᵽޣ̶̵һ룬ھͳϡ
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Ǿϵ߽ʿ䷴ӦٶȻ죬˵Ǿϵ߽ʿԷҪʻɴֱӼսвԻ
ϵﵽ߽ףսһμԽսʲô⡣
СͽɫɴڵľϵʿҲϳľϵʿݣͬҲ֪ͬǾϵнʿ
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234 ı
ڡþ߻סµϣ¶һ˿ŹֵЦݡ
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235 Ԯ
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½ɫСͷɴ󲿷ֵĿռ䶼棬ҲһСͷɴװһ档
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Ƿ˹ʿߣʹһط޷ջصĽΪۣǷĹ


236 
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·£ǲܷġ
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ʹþɱƶʿĶ̫ͻȻƶʿӦʱ䶼ûУ˵ɫӥٻæˡ


237 ջ
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һرǿľϵ߽طڸ߽лŸߵȼҪ


238 ط
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ͨͨءƿպšƿպš롮š롣
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޻ĸ߲´ȫɱ߽ʿ
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ϵڶʿоԼط뵽Χ֮С
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Ȼִĸ߲㣬ԼҪ٣Ѿ֪ξɱԭɡ
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ƿպšһЩ弶ϵͳǲ̫ͨɴɨϵͳ֡
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239 
ԡƿպšΪĲӵе弶֣ҲǱȾ󲿷ַɴٶȡ
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ʮһ߽ʿףڳըһһͷɴ
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һͷɴĸ߽ʿɡ
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ԭ޻İ߽ʿ븶߽ʿֳֻ̫սĻᣬзķɴ١
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µǲַܹ˹ʿƶʿϢϱ˿˹ʦɿ˹ʦ޻߲Ҫһ֧߽ʿСӡ
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Ų˹ʿģ·šתȫ뿪
ڹĻϿš뿪һ
֧ͽӳ֮ʱɱķƶʿżҪľϵнʿ
ԼʻšƿպšһΪ޻ҪĿꡣ
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޻д󲿷ֶΪսսڣɱ֮ǰн׷ɴҪǿ̫ࡣ
Ĺ㣬ƿպšڻУԶˡ
ٿءƿպš޻ӿӣֻΪášл뿪ƿպš޻ӵע
ڡƿպšҪǰ޻ĹΧǰƿպšͻȻתŹΧΧҲȥ
ΪȻǵõ޻ӵĹע
޻ӵսʼ԰һӵʽšƿպšţӵָӹٶ̫սʮо顣
𿴡ƿպšٶȿ죬ƿպšΪֻҪ޻һʱ䣬ӵβúãƿպšͻΪеĳӣ޷ӡ
˵ߵһļͷɴ޻Ӳû̫ӣ弶Сͷɴ٣ߵļͷɴӵȥ
˵ͬĽҲźܴ𣬵ս˼ȴżԡ
ȻҲ޻Ӵ⣬ҲԼĴ㡣


240 Σ
ƿպšĹĻϣһսԴγɶԡƿպšİΧ
мʱ䣬šš뿪ľ룬ƿպšٶȶȻӡ
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ҪԸ弶ɴڷֺͱ뱣ɨһ弶ɴģʽ弶ɴɨ轢ɨ跶ΧҵԷˡ
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Ȼ޻䱸ɨ轢ɨ轢ɨԭ޷Զ˵ȫ̼ء
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ֻʱ䣬޻ӾͿɶԡƿպšİΧɾʱ䣬áƿպšɹ롣
ָӹٿ԰ٷ֮ٿ϶ٿءƿպšӵżǿľս̵о
ͨʿ޷޻ӵĲãǽܹרҵĽ֪ʶϵѧϰ
ƿպšٶƣɵڸս֮䴩УƿպšƵľսĹΧ֮һ㡣
ڡƿպšҪ޻ӵİΧʱƿպšһ䣬Ȼٽһ֧սɵСӹΧ
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ɫٿšƿպšγɵĻŲɲΪʾԼĲٿˮƽ
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״̬֮£𵯲ǻˣҲ޷ʹˡ


241 
׼ٿšɴĵ뿪ֹ̫еʮöɵʱ̲סġ
ĸ֪Уʮö𵯸Σոвôǿҡ
ſԲ²⵽Ӧʮö𵯵ĸоٲ֮ǰʱǿҵٽС
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ļˣҲ֪ļĳ֮УǱʽĹܹԸ߽ʿв
Щɵը߽ʿҲԽֵ
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ԭΪǿķɵƽһǼѵģʧܵ׼
ϣƽ⹤ʮּ򵥣𵯵ϵͳֿûͱɹƽȡȨޡ
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ڡɴǷǳĵģɴ⣬ȫװ췽ʽġ
֮ǰʵУšɨϵͳ޷֡ɴ
ڵʱû弶ɨϵͳ޷ԡɴǷ弶ɨϵͳȻЧĲ²⣬ɴмЧƼ޹ء
ɴĵǳƼǿ
ģ֧ٿšɴ޻ӡ
޻ڵȴ׶Σʮö𵯡󣬽Ҫľǵȴʮö𵯡ը
֮󽢶ҪһЩβ𵯡Ķ̫ջӰ죬бעþ䷶ΧԷֹзɴӰ췶Χ
ûյź𣿡޻ָӹٳʵ
ʾеĽбըźţɨ轢Ȼһʱϱ
ָӹٿ˿ʱ䣬𵯡Ȼǿ󣬵֧š𵯡ٷеȴʱƵģһһʱ䣬𵯡пջ١
£𵯡Ŀ꣬ԡ𵯡ʹ弶棬Ŀӹ𵯡Ĺ
ҡƿպšһ弶СͷɴҲʲôġ
ۿʱһƽʱ̣ȴǻûյκεźţָӹв˲õԤС
ɳ齢Ŀ귽ָӹ󷢳
ɴ޻ӣ²һɴûб֡
ͨɴССϴĿ֧޻ΪһҴͷɴ
һ޻սнڽ콢ıǡ
ɴнٶȲ죬־ķУûлʲôʱ䡣
ɴս콢СĵĽԼľԷֹɴӴս콢֡
ӻûзָ֣ӹŭʵ
ųȥ齢ĿǰΪֹûκη֣ʮö𵯡롮ƿպšͬȫʧ˰㡣
ָӹǰĹĻϣǸرǵġ𵯡֧ʱ䣬Ѿڸˡ
Ҳ˵ʮö𵯡ʱʧȥʮö𵯡ûκεźŴأûбըڻ״̬ҲǻźŴġ
ָӹٶ󵽣һʮö𵯡޻Ϊʧ٣ôԻϾ·ͥġ
´ʹʮö𵯡ͬʹʮö𵯡ԽΪ˲õߣΪ˰˹ʦ˹ʦǱ߻Ϊ˵
ʮö𵯡ʧپһˣ𵯡ʧ٣Ҫеһ𵯡޻κһĺ
ֻҪ뵽𵯡κ汬ըֵʧ
ָӹٵŭֳļȷŭָеÿһ޻˶ڣҷʱΪָӹٵķй
ֵľˣֳ΢΢ĲֲƽʱԻᱻϱ¼дá
ǰ֮£ȴû˵ֲƽʱҲᾭʲô֮¡
ʯֽӴֻʲô̫ȵȣ֮ǰÿη£ĶǲĽ
ʮϱ¼ᱻָӹٵɳͲ
ֵĲΪһľ޻ս콢ϿһܹɴĶڡ
ֵиǿƿǲͬģֲܵ𻵡
ɴУ޻ս콢¸һΣҵĿꡣ
һάţάΪ˳ֽ¹ʱάԱ˽ͨ
ľ̽άڣҵάŵĴ
άŵĴάŶϿάŴҲᱻᱻ޻ս콢ϵͳ֪
žİֻҪ֪һЩе֪ʶֲʮּ򵥡
ʹǿƿǣַʽǷǳεģƻǣͻ޻ս콢˶֪н뽢ڡ
þάŴ򿪣άŶ㹻ɴˡ
άŽ룬ľȻϵĴš
ı봫ĹΧ޻ս콢ڲҵһ㹻
սڲκһطм봫š
ӡɴڳĻ̽ϵͳͻֲᷢλλã̽ϵͳɲ⸽
Ҳûд뿪ɴзڲ£һ־ʮĽ֡
޻ս콢ϣ͸֪˶߽ʿϢ
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ȡ֮ʱͶλȡλãǴƿ˼봫
£ͣάٴδ򿪣ɴɳľֽάŴڲرա
ɴ޻ս콢ֶ֣ⲻڣһβûκε鷳
мʱ䣬ɴҲܹﵽȫٶȺš
ɴܼ޻ս̫ȥ
䣡ڡɴϵͷ޻ӣ˫һըƣҲģը
㣬޻ӵλãڶ޻սе޻ս콢ͻȻڲ˱ը
޻ս콢¸ά޿ڵĵϣ𵯡ĵʱ㡣
ڡ𵯡ʧȥ棬ðս뵽޻ս콢ڣõǶʱըķʽ𵯡
޻ս콢ľǣû׷ʲô£ͱֲıըɨ
޻ָӹڣеͨ˶нʿҲ޷ڡ𵯡ıը⡣
ֻи߽ʿŸ߽Ļ֣ڱըд
޻ս콢ڱըлΪƬڵľҲ˲Ӵ˱ը
ըɨȥȽϿĴսֻƬ̣Ҳ޻ս콢ˡ
Զ޻λó˳ƬĻ棬һƬ̫նȾ˺ɫ
ɡ𵯡ô򵥣ĸ߽ʿΪ˳Ͱȫ֮ʱ𵯡ıը㴦ڱը̫ң˿ռݡ
һչߵĺڶ֣ڱըƬԭ޻ս콢ϵĶλ߽ʿıڶ
߽ʿҪɺڶʵ̫ǿǸ޷ѡ
߽ʿЩƬһ˺ڶڽڶֻһˣǾ


242 Ŀ
޻ӵΧⳡըѹ۲㣬ĿɿڴĿⳡ˵ıը
𵯡Ԥϣ޻ӵȫա
ʵϡ𵯡֮ôĿţԭʹá𵯡ķʽ
£С𵯡޻ս콢Ҳֻ޻ս콢ִը
˵ԡ𵯡˲ͿԱ٣£𵯡ĹʽҪǱըˡ
ʹá𵯡ֱӽ𵯡뵽޻ս콢ڲ
޻ս콢ûκηĳˡ𵯡ıըټڲռԱըԼ޻ս콢ԴӴľ𣬶ⳡըˡ𵯡
޻ӻˣ޻ս콢ıըټʮҴս޻ս콢һͬѳʹ޻ӵÿһ˶ֻš
ÿһսҪҳˣ޷ҵˣֻܲϵⷢɨźš
ҲսںУҪȳҴߡ
ɸոжսľˣǿķ١
޻սŶԷķΪռġ𵯡ĳǿ䣬սķƵġ
뱬ը׼˵սо˵£˵սϵʿԳܳǿ䣬սĿƿɲʿġ
ûָӹ٣ָӵ£ս뵽ըΧֳΪ˳ǿܺߡ
ǵٽӹܽӣнҵָӣǵٽսƵ
ҲûֹͣˣһսĽظǵٽ
ʮӦʵʩظʮӦʵʩǵٽ˵һ
ѾнڹĻʮӦʵʩݣⲻܹЩ
νĽӦָܵĳĹҪеרҵӦж
ЩӦ󲿷ֵĽһӶ޷һΣһս洢á
ǿʮӦǽܵ𵯡ӦԷ
ȻǲΪλܵ𵯡Ĺ޻ս콢ʮö𵯡ȴ޻ս콢ܵˡ𵯡Ĺ
ĻʿȫԸܼʱ׼Эͬǵٽֽ´
ǵٽʮһǸĸ߽ʿĳεķʽ𵯡͵޻ս콢ϡ
Ҳ˵ĸ߽ʿܹǱ뽢ӵ
̫£´Ϊ˷ֹ߽ʿԽӷ
Ҫ֪𵯡ʧʮöűһöоöͿɾŴλԵıը
ǵٽжָӹٺˣһʧȥʮö𵯡ָӹˣںڹҪ˱
ºڹĴͷȥָӹӰҲǵٽܵǣ
ȷʵ׼ٽһ޻ӵģǵ޻ӲٻңжҴĻʿ̫У²Ϊ
ٿšɴԶȥԶ޻Ӻɴֽƿպšսָȡ˳
ƿպšٻָ˳ȣٶȫššķ׷˹ȥ
ΪšƵ·˳·Сʱ׷ˡš
šϣռѹ֡
Ų˹ʿ֪ƿպšٶжôĿ죬Сʱû׷
Ҫһ֧ǧսɵ޻ӣĻʺС
Ų˹ʿѾںˣȴ޷ظ
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Ų˹ˣƵдášһӻָ˴㡣
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˵С⣬һЩʱ䣡ЦŻش
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սָɴ⾫˵ܡ
ټָоö𵯡ҲǲӦ˵ܣŲӦϺپǷ񽫡𵯡֮ͨ
û¾ͺã·ͨŲ˹ʿҲЦʵ
Ų˹ʿǼΪεģȫƵ·ںУͼôûиףƵ·ͨ
·ɲǷظ·һ
Ų˹ʿܹСʱֺ򲻱䣬ȫΪܹ׷ϣٲҪǻ·ˡ
ǰһԾ㣬ͨǱߵԾ㣬ͿֱӵˣЦŻش
Ų˹ʿ뷨Ҳ֪Ӧǡƿպšͼǵġ
ûгͼϵԾ㣬ܱ֪
ǽ޻鱨ŵ֧֣ͼҲ˲ٵԾ㣬ЩԾ㶼鱨Ż˲СĴ۸㵽ġ
Ծ㣬ֻҪǾͰȫˣŲ˹ʿЦ˵
εѹ̿νǾһ侫ʳ̶ȳСκһΡ
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Ծ귢˹ȥŲ˹ʿ굼뵽ͼУǲԶҲСʱͿԵ
뿪ǰĺ޻ķɴҪ½ǵĿԴΪ͡
趨ԶУһ˿ڡƿպšľϵͳϣһʲô쳣
ʱʱ䣬ȡ˰öǱңΪóһƬŨ
ԭʱǲӦģڵ洢ʵ̫ˣʹĸ߽ʿսΪ͡
ҲŵķɣΪٹһʱ䣬ദľʱӾͻɫҺ壬ȫָ塣
ʿûֵʱж
ֻΪǵĺûб޻֣һٷӵУûһ鷳
ԾԽԽŲ˹ʿȼ˵ҲԽԽá
޻׷ɱļڱ׷ɱΣճ̶Ǹоѹ
ֻҪͨԾ㣬뿪޻ľڣôͲҪ޻׷ɱˡ
Ȼ֮ǰЩԣ븶֮仹Ǵںƽ״̬ġ
˵ҲҪӴκֻҪԾͿԻصˡ
Ų˹ҹȥ鿴һ£Ų˹ʿ
ҪСЩʲô֪ͨǣŲ˹ʿûзԣƿպšĲٿҲԶǿɱȡ
ƿպšԾλ÷
ڽӽһξͲüͷǴԾ㾹Ȼŷ
̫շεзʽԾΧġ
û̫ĵģֻҪ̫շûгСӵĸ߽ʿ̫շݵҲˡ
Ų˹̫շݣҽ𹥻ʱ׼֧ԮͨƵšϢ
Ϣ̫շݵɨҲˡƿպšźš
״̬֮£ǲʹͨѶ豸ġ
ǵҪǿҲûм뷨
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̫շ弶ɨϵͳ޷׼ȷƿպšġ
һʱ䣬ƿպš˳ܡ
ڡ̫շݡҪǾ٣̫շݡӵˣԶϮźš
Ҫ̫շݡɲ뿴ԾڳִԮ
ˣŲ˹ʿʮ߽ʿȫŻ״ӡš߷
˵š˹ٿţԶսС
Ų˹ʿ˵̫շݡ󣬾óĹ
̫շݡսͬĴڱݵλãֱܹӹġ
ƿˡ̫շݡ֣Ҫȫ̫շݡϵ̫ҲҪһĹ
һҡƿպšڣԸ̫շݡ޷ʱڽ
߽ʿ롮̫շݡֱƻݺģʹñݵ̫ʧȥӶ̱̫շݡ
̫գͿǵˣЦ˵
׵ʮ߽ʿڡ̫շݡɨ跶Χʱ̫շݡΨһһ߽ʿû˿ɵСͷɴ
һʮһĸ߽ʿҪԸʮ߽ʿûκĿԡ
ӣֻҪСͷɴԾ㣬ͿԳɹ
Сͷɴ뿪ˡ̫շݡתԾʱһ׼ȷСͷɴ
ʮһ߽ʿӱը֮ĿűըΨһѡȴʧȥˡ
ɲԾ㣬ûӦĿռԾ豸ԾĻŸ߽Ҳᱻռ˺Ƭ
ˣŲ˹ʿ¶̫յʮһ߽ʿ˵
ʮ߽ʿһһ̫շݡŸԵĿȥ
սû˿ɿԣʮ߽ʿʹԼ±ݵĹϵĵֽ


243 Ծ
սķǳ죬̫շݡڲı١
̫շݡ̫ʧȥ˺Ӧ޷ٷ̫շݡϵԱҲûмʹûκвĵ
ʿǲûжԡ̫շݡϵԱ׷ɱֻҪЩ˲ٸʹԾ㣬ͲЩûκв˳֡
ʮһĸ߽ʿûôˣŲ˹ʿһ·ϲϵı׷ɱҲջȫйʮһ߽ʿϡ
޻ĸ߽ʿǵжԹϵŲ˹ʿ׷ʮһ߽ʿ󣬼¾ͽԷնɱ
ʹ̫շݡԾ㣬ټһλʮһĸ߽ʿֹģıȣѾǼǿˡ
һ߽ʿͨķɴҪͨＸǲܵġ
Щ̫Ծ⴦ԾķЩأŲ˹ʿڽʮһ߽ʿϵ
ҲܶԾ㣬̫շݡԾ㣬һ㶼ǼΪӵҪԾ㡣
ڶŲ˹ʿͼ֮Уû⴦Ծ꣬˵鱨ּ鱨֯ûϡ
ͺ˵һЩ⣬̶ܳȸߣĳ⴦ԾһŷǱѰ塣
ͨԾ㣬ͨһ
ҪСģӺ׼ʱͨŲ˹ʿͬ顣
ʱûбҪű֣̫սóģšƿպšİٿءƿպš޷֤İȫôֱӹȥҲǸ鷳
ȻŲ˹ʿҲûеʲôǸ߽ʿİȫõģ¶ʮĸ߽ʿҲסӡ
ǷȥΪ˷ֹԾһŷߣԷɴʧ
ƿպšڲռ䵹ǿԹ߽ʿǵϣʿ˿ʿλŮԸ߽ʿĴڣƿպšСĿռ䲢㡣
ԴҶԱ֤šİȫΪһҪ񣬳򲻵ѣŻῼǷš
ƿպšԾ㣬ռת֮£߶ˡ
ľſھԾ֮ʱɴΪģҪرգȫ¶ûκεķ
ƿպšմӿռתг͸ܵɨ
ƿպš˹ܶͬʱҲҪٿ¿֡
ҪһЩʱ䣬ƿպšɨϵͳɨݷ˾ϵͳ֪ͨܵ
޻ǱߵԾһҲ̫շݡػš
ڡƿպšͨԾʱûӦİȫݣ̫շݡ˷Ӧ
빥ڼ̵ʱڽţƿպšֻҪһ㣬ͻᱻ̫շݡ١
ҲΪһϵʿڿռԾĹУֲܹκεӰ졣
Ǹ߽ʿٿطɴ뿪Ծ˲䣬ҲһӳٷӦһӳٷӦ㹻̫շݡɴˡ
ӡƿպšԴƿպšҲ˷
ǰٵˡ̫շݡϵ̫ƽ̨
ϧֹڡ̫շݡԣ㲻ʲôÿ̫շݡϵ̫ƽ̨Ҳʮ
ľ뵽սָڣսָȡλˡƿպš⡣
׳ľ޴Ӱ̫֮Уһ־һ̫շݡһŭ
Ȼ̫е޷ɶ޵ȴǾԡ
̫֮УֻҪǴ̫ʱ䣬ƾڵĸ߽Լһʱ䣬̫ս⡣
̫շݡڷ˰Ҳ˹Ŀꡣ
̫ϰ̫ջ̫вҡΣŸ߽γɵĻֵûܵ˺
սܼǿھ˶ʱϰߺ󣬾Ϥ̫еսʽ
ʱ򣬰ٶҲ¶޴廯ΪһӰĹвϿš̫շݡ
˰ҲûжʲôӰ졣
ƿպšûйѡ̫շݡÿιƵʣһ̫շݡ̫ƽ̨
ǳЩ̫ƽ̨ǲµģš޷ƿպšܿһĴ
˽ʮ룬һ̫շݡ̫ƽ̨
ٿšƿպš˻ġ̫շݡܵ롮̫շݡʱƿպš
ƿպšʧþ߻ס̫֮С
·ȥеһǼӳһɫâ·̫շݡϳһȱڡ
ûȥܡ̫շݡõֱʽһǼĹϽǰ·ĸԼκȫն
ֱ֪ǰ޴Ӧɫֳ֣һǼǰӳ
һ赲ǽڱ¶ģһΪ޴ķӦ¯ſɹ̫շݡ̫
֮ǰϣʿʿԼ˿ʿͬǣûѡжϷӦ¯Ӧ
ľɨӦ¯ҵ㼯Ĺؼ㣬һǼɨһâǸؼ㡣
ڻǸؼת뿪
˾ҵӦӦ̫շݡģڲͬʱ緢˷Ӧ¯ıը
Ӧ¯ıը̫շݡ״ݻ١
űըĳɳ̫շݡٶȸˡ
ǵһڱը֮УᵽΪ߽ʿǿ֮
ըǶȫӰ죬ըʴ֣Ҫϵĵϵڵв䡣
˵ֱը㹻ǿ󣬿ϵĵܹϵڵ䣬ôҲΣա
ʵ̫ˣҪܹв߽ʿıըҪǿ౶ıըܹ
ɳһ̫շݡתһѾݻ̫ƽ̨ġ̫շݡ
̫շݡϣά޻빤Աڶ̫ƽ̨ά滻ԣԷսʶʮǿ
Ҳû뷨
ٴһǼˡ̫շݡˡ̫շݡġ
һ߰ҲĻٻ֮ûըΪ޷׼ȷҵӦ¯㼯㡣
ҪһصıըҪһЩġ
ڻٻĺ󣬱ܵš̫շݡϵĵˡ
֮һʩΪ˷ƷҲ޷ѣٶȶЩͨͼʿԣʵ̫ˡ
ߵԾ㣬Զ޻Ǳߣ߿̫շݡܹ𵽵ķѾ㹻ˡ
нʿûаţҲһսüΪζȤһƾеĶ֡
ɵ̫Уػˡƿպšڣ˿ʱ䣬ӹȥˡ
ڳΪ˸߽ʿ֮ԽΪθʿ˵ӣʿ֮мͬȨײ㡣
߽ʿսûͬս£Щǿľʩڸ߽ʿǰͬ׵ĸ
ƿպšɵΨһµġ̫շݡϷʱġ̫շݡĿꡣ
ӱ֣Ÿ߿
̫շݡʧȥģϵͳҲʧȥãһˡƿպšԡ
ľɨսսָڡ
׼ӣŲ˹ʿǻ֮ʱ˼ʻĻϳֵɨݡ
ͷɴ߿ٶȻǳ졣
ķӦô˿٣һа
Ҫ֪⴦ԾĹžʱ䣬ʱ佫̫շݡ٣ٶȾǼˡ
ڶŲ˹ʿǰչֳսָ⣬ڶһʱſ˿˼ɶ޵ƾսٻ̫ա
εս߽ʿͬʱ֣ôٶȡ
ɾʱ䣬зɴ鿴
ԾһߣǿǴ˲ʱ䣬Ҳûе޻֧Ԯ
ô˵ҲͷɴԾƬ򣬷šʱͻΪӡ
ƿպš٣ͷɴȥ
ʱͨɨݵķԿ϶ʵǿĸ߽ʿ
ļĸ߽ʿ򽻵Ҳ˲ٵľ飬߽ʿͷɴҪļͷɴ
һ߽ʿԼйأ¸߽ʿôҲǲͨҵġ
߽ʿȱǱңȱӦĸ߽ҩ
Ը߽ʿݣܼõͷɴܹͨҹģڸ߽ʿ˵ͨġ
ֻҪǳ߽ʿͷɴĶ䡣
ͷɴãʺϸֻʹãǴͷɴΪԭһЩԽ⡣
رڸ߽ʮ౶֮£ͷɴûͷɴ㡣


244 
ûΪ߽ʿη壬ûɵһ˷ܡ
˭ΪҪϮԾ㣿־ܣƵдһ
˭ΪʲôҪ⴦Ծ㲼ûлشԷ⣬Ƿʵ
ú˵ץס̿һ֪ˣһ롣
һЦ棬ͬʱλ߽ʿЩĶԷʵ
̫֮Уּʻšƿպš弶ɴ߽ʿв
Σո֪ûмͿ֪ˡ
ɨϵͳ˶Էͷɴڳܵźţȴǽƿպšת䷽˳ͷɴĹΧƽơ
ڲֵ֪̫սʵǰҪսƵԾԶ
һٶͷɴļʻ߶Ϊܡ
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˵ֻҪŲţѷϢȻиķɴǰء


245 ǣ
ƿպšǣšš·άϣʿͷɴͬٶȡ
Ϊ·άϣʿ׷һξ󣬷޷׷Ͼͻġ
û뵽һ׷ǰСʱҲˣ·άϣʿĲŹǡ
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̫սУһʧܣǾϵ߽ʿеͼϵʿǱ


246 
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ʹùһΡ𵯡ԡ𵯡˽⣬Ҫ⴦أһö𵯡´࣬Ҫ𵯡õʲôؼλá
ɴ뿪أȻȻ뿪
ʱ䣬ɴ˰ȫ֮ʱ𵯡Ķʱ㡣
ɴϴ׼˻أ۾ۿԶĻء
ǻڳֻţſȫɡ
߽ʿӻصıըг̫Уû˻ȫڿֲıըһͬʧ
оһε֮һҪһЩ֪һβĺڶҪСһЩ


247 
ٿšƿպšʱڷš
޻Ŀ˹ʦ򸶶ŵһʦĪ˹ʦԶ̻룬λʦͨʹȫϢϵͳˡ
Ī˹ʦڽӵ˹ʦԶ̻ʱǷǳġ
˵ʵǸ޻ֵ֮ôʦ¡
ʦ֮սô͵֮䲻ˡ
˵ڲ弶ŵҲ·
ֻĪ˹ʦһˣּĻ棬˿ûʸ롣
й˸ܿ쿨˹ʦӰ֡
˹ʦǿǺܾûмˣɫɲãĪ˹ʦ΢Ц˵
ʦ֮ҲҪ̫ף֮䶼ʲô˵ʲôĪ˹ʦֻʮ˹ʦʮ߼Ī˹ʦҲη忨˹ʦ
˹븶ĿʦսԸ˹ʦҲĪ˹ʦͬΪʮ߼ʦ
Ī˹ʦҲˣ䣬ɥ֮ʹɫȻˣ˹ʦص
Ī˹ʦһ˹ʦֻκһλʦʱ˺ӻһЩΪʦ֮ҪкӾͼѡ
Ī˹ʦ֪˹ʦֱϵˣ˺öꡣ
ôɥ֮ʹ·
֪ĸӳˣĪ˹ʦЩĳʵ
ҵ˽ӷƶһʮľϵʿȴǱŵʿɱˣ˹ʦĪ˹ʦŬĵȻ˵
ʮԼܱ̫ŭ̸еģġ
ҪȡԼҪĽǾҪĪ˹ʦ棬Ҫ˵Ī˹ʦ
Ī˹ʦĿһ׽Զ̻⣬ֻ˹ʦҪʲô
ѵԼŵʿʿ˹ʦ
һ㣬Ī˹ʦ԰ٷ֮ٵĿ϶ԼӦôܴӦ
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Ī˹ʦҪżܾԸһݡѪʯȡֻʮһĸ߽ʿǳˣ˹ʦ˰˵Լ
ѪʯĪ˹ʦһû뵽˹ʦ
Ѫʯһּʣ־֪Ǵ鴦á
ѪʯɲͨԳģ֮൱ʮʦʵĴڣҲֵֻȼпɱʬڵõѪʯ
ѪʯҪһЧʮʦͻʮ߼ʱһĸЧ
ֻƾһѪʯκ޼֮ˡ
Ҫ֪Ҫɱһֻʮʦʵ飬ǿǼΪѵģÿɱһֻ鶼ҪĴۡ
ÿһֻʮʦʵ飬ѪʯʹáѪʯϡ
ǳˡѪʯȶʦдٽõııʲôϣı
˵ʵһĪ˹ʦĶˡ
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˹ʦаȰ˵Ī˹ʦĪ˹ʦʱûʲôرϲص
ôĴۣҲҪץסһȷʵΪɱ˷ƶʿ
ƶʿǿ˹ʦ˽ӣ˹ʦʮӣǽõһж
ͨ޷һʦܹӵᣬ˹ʦԭҲкӣǺӲûʿ츳ûܹγ֡
Ϊͨˣʵ̫ˡ
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ƶʿԼȤϵ֮࣬ϰ̫ս˹ʦΪ͸һ弶ɴеġƿպš
һ棬˹ʦҪץסΪеı
˹ʦսָ˷ƶʿΪ÷ƶʿܹЯűĽɫӥ
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սָļֵʮ߼ʦҲٻõڶö
⣬˹ʦԿ϶һıôܽ𵯡ȡôȻǱ뵽޻ڲ𵯡õ޻ӵ콢ڣ޻ӵشʧ
ֻдпһ㣬ʹõʲôֵÿ˹ʦʹһݡѪʯȡ
սֵָÿ˹ʦáѪʯΪˣ˵ջټһ
ڵ鱨츳ΪֲĸţԲɳ
һĪ˹ʦֶԿ˹ʿ˵
Ȩ޴ϢڿԤӵݺ󣬲üͷ
ڿֻǲ³˹ʦļӣĪ˹ʦüͷ΢ɡ
ǱȲԤӵģԤǽʽӵݡ
ҪһЩʱȰ˵³˹Ī˹ʦϣνţû⣬ͷ˵
ʮһĸ߽ʿֳ츳
ȻΪҪǣʿûʽʱͽΪ˸߽ʿ
ָ߽ʿŶԣҳ϶͵ġ
Ī˹ʦҲΪβ³˹ʦὫΪӣҲΪŵҳ϶ȡ
⣬ռ壬ռ벼³˹ʦĹϵΪҲⷽĿǡ
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£ʿ֮£Ӧþʦһ
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Ѿˣǲ³˹ʦļӣǲǺͲ³˹ʦкǿڲ³˹ʦû֣ϣǸһʦ˵
û˵ǣץǸҲˡ
ڴݻʿغ󣬾Ͳٿšƿպšʧˣԡƿպšܣ֣ûа취
˵ΪҪĪ˹ʦ뿨˹ʦϡ
ʦ뿨˹ʦ鱨ͨǴصԾģʦȻҪϵ޻
ȷϮصˣɱƶʿͬһˡ
Ī˹ʦŵ
ֻһʮһĸ߽ʿȻŲ³˹ʦӵݣҲֵʦΪϵʦ
ӳ̶ȳͨӳ̶ȣĪ˹ʦе˶£ŻʦΪҵš
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֮ǰĪ˹ʦ׼Ȱ˵³˹ʦỨʮȰ˵


248 
ǲ³˹ʦĴĪ˹ʦ߽
Ī˹ã²裡³˹ʦ΢ЦŻ˵
ԱһǰΪĪ˹ʦϲ裬һӱڡ
ȥɣĪ˹ʦûп£ڶ豭ʱֶ˵
߹ӣԺ˵̬Сĵ˳
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Ī˹ʦ̬ʮֺģ̬ŵļ͡
ʲôʲôҪ˵³˹ʦһӣһĪ˹ʦ΢ֵ˵
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³˹ʦĬˣжŵʧ
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ǵŵ棬Ī˹ʦܹɹʮ߼ôŶԽһμʵ
һǱʿһǼŶս̸˸Ļʮֺѡġ
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ϧˣ츳кܴܹΪʦģ³˹ʦεҡͷ˵
³˹ʦ˵Ī˹ʦһϲײ³˹ʦͬ
ûгɳţ㲻ţ˭ôʦҪɳҲûлᣡĪ˹ʦȻ˵
ţǧҪκ˵ע⣬ŵĸ߽ʿ͵Уܹ鲻ʲôҫ飡³˹ʦ
˵仰³˹ʦͱ۾ʾĪ˹ʦ뿪
Ī˹ʦףȻ³˹ʦͬ󣬵лЩġ
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ϣû³˹ʦĪ˹ʦӰʧڴʱ
֪ʦ֮Ϊ£ʮʱ䣬ͨһԾص˸
ʱ䣬Żص˸ǡ
ƿպšյսָڣ˹Сͷɴ˸ŵ
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šĶŲ˹ʿǣҪʱܹظǡ
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Ϊƶʿ֮£ҪݺĻҪǵ߽ʿ뷨
ѵΪɱ޻һҪҪҼŸ߽ʿ鷳˭Ϊų
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ʿֽ񣿡׼Ҹͨ룬ȴǿЦ˹
ܣϴμһ棬û뵽һӭ˳
ûΪԼֻǿʦӵݡ
ܣ¼Сȷʵ񣬲ǰģΪɱһ޻ҪҪһܲ㹱ףЦ˵
޻ҪֻҪ㹻Ҫһᰴչ㹱׵ģܿŵʬЦŰ˵
ܴԵһ칫ңʬҲ˰칫мϡ
ʬ¶ƶʿʬ壬ƶʿݣЩ֡
һ۾ͿԿ϶ƶʿǰϵʿΪϵʿʬҲͨ˵ʬŲСĲ
ܹ壬ǿҲԶͨʬ塣
ܿһΪ˵ѣΪûκ塣
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ƶʿɨݷŵ鱨ţ鱨Ųһ˵ݡ
ܣõɨݣһӣûе鱨ŵϢ鱨ܿڶͨѶ
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ӣϾ͵ڶǱ˵һ仰ͶϿͨѶ
ʿǻҪһˣЩǸ˵
˵ͷɫȴЩأڶܵķӦ˵⡣
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ڶһ䣬û⵽עȫڷмʬϡ
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ڶܣһʮϵʿôôһԲʵ
ƶʿһݣȻڹвûʾ޻ĸ߽ʿ֮вʲôܣǿ˹ʦ˽ӣ˹ʦΪӣڶܳ͵
ɫһ䣬Ҳǲһ˶ûԤϵƶʿôҪ
ڶܣ˹ʦǱʲô춯𣿡ܿһȻʵ
޻ǱߴϢ޻ڲ˼Ļңĸ߽ʿʲôˣˣ֮ǰһֱ޷֪ΪΣ֪Ϊʲôڶ˵ʲôʵƶʿʬ˭ģ
Ŀɨ֮ǰûע⵽Ӱ
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ߵΣʵ̫Сֻʹַʽ
޻T4881ǲҲֵģڶܶ׷ʵ
鱨ŵص㣬ǹ޻T4881ܵش֮¡
鱨֪T4881ǽ񣬽ȴܵ˼ʧ
˵֧һǧս޻ӣӦþҳֵˣҲûԵ鱨ܣ˵ûʲô塣
鱨ڻûеֻҪһʱһԵġ
ʿʮҴս׻𣬰T4881ӵ콢߽ʿ䣬ʮ޻ڶܳ˵ɵʧ
ܵɴ۾ΪܣҲû˵˭̶ֳܹȡ
޻ɵʧڴһеȹģս
Ҳûа취Ǳ޻Ӷˣʹǣǻһֱ׷Ųţҡͷ˵
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T4881֮䣬ͬڴս״̬ս״̬֮£ֻսıȻ
ʿĹҪϱо֪ͨ㣡ʱ˵
ܸղҲмӦõĹף޻ɵʧǼŷ񣬵޻븶֮ʿսڶ޻ʧսӦĽ
սҪȽ֤пڶ֤ܵһӦú֤ܺʵ
֮Ҫ򸶶ز룬һĽҲһЩ
ܶһľ飬ԼľжϳЩ


249 
صԼԺӵлŹڷƶʿݡ
ˣΪһʮϵʿȴôı
Ӽʻ弶ɴսָٵöϵطԼֻɫӥһλʮ߼ʦĸףһǼ谮£ôıҲˡ
עǣ˹ʦֻһӣҿ˹ʦѾкˡ
ף뿨˹ʦ֮ĳޣԲ׵Ľ˹ʦһһԸġ
һһˣҡҡͷ̾˿
ϲȫȻûа취
ԷǸ߽ʿʮ弶ĸ߽ʿҲԷһѵĿܡ
ǿʮ߼ʦԿ˹ʦ˹ʦҪ֣һѹʧȥս
·һԣɨսָɫӥԡ
ôʱĻָɫӥѾȬ
̫պеӣҲԹɫӥľȻľ˺ɫӥҲ޷ɫӥΪá
ڡƿպšʮУֻҪлͻ׶ʱʮһϵڣ͸޵
Ϊ˻һʮһҲҪýɫӥָսӦеʵ
ʮεġ׶ɹҲ˲ٵĻҪתɫӥڡ
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ÿӥڵѷ֮ʱȻѾӥսĸ߽ʿȻΪӥ߽ʿԣΪӥҲۺһ֡
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ÿһս鶼ص㣬ΪѸޣٶȷų츳ٶҲ
ٶȣ˵츳׸ߵİͶԣҲ̫͡
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Ҳ׽ӥǲ򵥣ǵڶֻηվƤս顣
һҹСͷɴ뿪ǡ
Сͷɴɵ˸ǣҵһ˵ĺ棬û˴š
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չһʱ䣬ԼʵԼ뷨˵˳
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ʮ߽ʿǿڣΪԼ趨ĿֲεĴڡ
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251 Զ
ڿɹƶĿռԽԽСšоҲԽԽ̡
һͷɴٿš˹Ȼûеõ˹ǲȡ˹ܵӦԷʽ
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ĸܹóõѣ˵Ҳ죬֪Ρ
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252 
ʿϵͳֶĲϵΪԶϵʱȻɹӲͨˡ
ӣŸҵ𣿡ƽȻΪƽԡ
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ʮǱңϵЦݸ˵
ţǺѽһͨƾʮǱңѹﲻҪ̫ܹ档
΢ʹսָȡʮöǱңϵľΧڣϵſʮöǱҾͳС
ϵ׽ʮöǱҷǰĶԷǱңרŽӴʿĵ̣ĻͲǵ̱ô򵥣˶ᱻɱˡ
ΪʮǱҺܹ𣿡ǱЦ˵͵ΪƵʵԣҪͨڴҳͬݣµһˣȻҪѡû̫鷳Ŀ֣꣬ͨ˺Ϸʧܹõһʵƣ
Ҳ΢û뵽ļ֮УҲֻɫĲҵ
ӵгڻΨһıϢ
Ҳûʲôù۹ģڱдһ죬ڶֻصǵ̡
ȻǸˣͬһڹĻǰ
ˣ治ѾˣͨлǲģЦŽһֻƵ˹
ϵ׽ӹƣָϲš
һңżƷҲǳɹʿ
ΪҪǣңȨ޵ǲͣٿڸǲġ
ϵ˵˵ͷת뿪
һӱսʿ˿ϵ뿪
ĹĻϣʾŵʿϣھϵ׽ʱɨϵͳԶɨ赽˾ϵϵơ
˵ʿ޻ĸ߽ʿ˸Ͳ⣬⡣
ƾʲôܹõڶʿĻӭڻܹڻǵõֽκʿɿ˵̬ȡ
ȻǵôģҲ⣬ھϵõƣ̴߳ʱĸ߽ʿ˻ǡ


253 
׼뾫ϵ׻ϣȴǸоһɨ貨ɨ
Ȼ̧ͷɨ貨ķ߽ʿҲ
ʿҵˣһ߽ʿϲɫ˵
һû뵽Լֻᱻϳ
Ҫǻʬȥһ߽ʿ˵
߽ʿʮֵţһλʮһһλʮԣץһʮһĸ߽ʿʲô¡
رǻڵ֮ϣ֮ӵмǿ̫սʵڵ̫֮սʵʧȥá
˵ôҵģֻܹļֶ˽ѷ
ԴĪ˹ʦͨǿȫϢͨѶȻûеõ׼ȷλãȴҲ֪ĸ
ŵһƬڣɳʿʲô¡
пܽ򣬸ɳ˸߽ʿС
Ī˹ʦıʮ֮ߣúܶĸ߽ʿĶˣټΪʦ񣬱ø߽ʿ֮֮¡
ҳݵǾͷǳˡ
ţݣΪ߽ʿҲǶˡ
ֻҪͨɨ豸ɨ軳ɶݽжԱȣͿҳˡ
ʹַʽͨˣǳ鷳ΪݵƳ̶Ȼǳࡣ
ɸ߽ʿͲͬˣ߽ʿͲ࣬ٷݵģͿԿ϶Ŀˡ
ַ֪ܹͨʽҲ˴ģĳڹϣҲͨķʽǡ
ŵĸ߽ʿ߽ʿǰбǵƣȷϵʵ
㱳ţôŵֹߣʮһ߽ʿػص
Ŀ⣬ɲܶԷΪʲôԭֻҪĵˣôͻԷ
İһǼ֮ϣ¿ƺ˰ĳ
ʮһ߽ʿΪӣ·߳˲һ
Сģʮ߽ʿæѵ
ǶϣԴӼźȻûִм񣬵սȴǼҫۡ
ټԭǲ³˹ʦļӣһ츳ʵ
ʮһ߽ʿȴĿǣͬΪʮһ߽ʿ̫ࡣ
ŵʱõĶ࣬ռܵ˲³˹ʦ伵ʡ
ܹץסôŵټͻΪĵʯ
նʮһ߽ʿд
оһɳɱ⣬ȫһһɫâǰ
ңʮ߽ʿʮһ߽ʿʱŻָȴʧȥ˶Ŀơ
ʮһ߽ʿؿڣһᴩ˿ڡ
߽ʿ£ʹáνطȽʮһ߽ʿ
һǼûֹͣûл׵ļӳɣٶҲûܵʲôӰ졣
ʮ߽ʿҲͬûżףֻеȻżףǵʿʲôᡣ
罣ӳµһǼĳʮ߽ʿǰ
ʮ߽ʿȫԼͬһƬǽǰ
䡯һУһǼնڻǽ֮ϣʮ߽ʿ¶֮ɫһ£ȥ
һһֱ岽
Ϊ˷ֹ׷ʮ߽ʿڻٴǰγһǽ
û׷һԼս
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ʮ߽ʿôҲû뵽֮ǿ
֪۽ͳУʮ߽ʿֻ߽ͨʿ
ҲֻЩصĺʿŻҪע⡣
ŵĲʿŵֻͨҪЭץסŵĽȫץסɱˣҸҲһǧǱҵı꣡ʮ߽ʿȻȶΣڲϵĺˣһߺһ߽е
üͷһ壬û뵽ʮ߽ʿһ
ĻģһͬΪʮĸ߽ʿ򲼶ʿʵ
ȻģҿԷģʿæ˵
λˣһ֣˭ܹõͿɣʮ߽ʿЦ˵
궯ģʿһǧǱҾ͹˳һΣ˵ŵͨ
ŵͨһ¶Ƕĸ߽ʿģ˾ǳɹͨ¼õĽҲٺܶࡣ
ʿֱԼͨĽȷʵüλ߽ʿĶˡ
Ŀһγ߽ʿȫʮ߽ʿ
߽ʿվλ߽ʿǾϵģҲӾ
Сӣ㵹ù־ܣʡһƻУǻҪһ֮ǰ˵ʮ߽ʿٺЦ˵
ĳĽûʲôӵġ
˵ҲǣĽǼʽģƻάҲһ㸶ٱҶѣٱֻҪ֣ڸ߽ʿ˵㲻ʲô
˵ˣʮ߽ʿټϲʿʮ߽ʿһʮһ߽ʿ£ܹԳɵƻʮ޵ġ
ʮ߽ʿΪģǴжҲѹĿռ䣬ⶼս顣
ô˵ǻǵˣ˵ǻӭκʿǾԴŵʿģҲƶŲΧסԼͬʱʵ
ǱǹӶʿʿӶǣǶԸǺϺصģʮ߽ʿЦ˵
ҡҡͷһӣͻȻ˰ľ޴ӰҲ˽ӥ
ӥһս
ӥһУŽȥΪצ
Щܵ˽ӥĹֻҪӥ֮޲̮Ϊ𺣡
ģȥסʮ߽ʿֳҲûǶһʮ߽ʿ˵
˵֮ǰ˵ĻǱ٣ǽֻǱٲֽĻϡ
ɽӥƻȥǾҪȫˡ
ǵĵ̲ʮ߽ʿģȴǵı˱õġ
һЩȫ٣ôЩ̵˽ʮ߽ʿ⳥
˵ǰ֮أǵԴȫǿŻǲġ
ĵĸ߽ʿŽӥ׷ȥϧô٣ȴҲ׷ֻʮһϢĽӥ
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̶̵һʱ䣬ӥ˴ĻٻµǣɵĴӿ
׼ɸһ¶棬ܵ˽ӥرա
ʮ߽ʿ̶̵ʱǾʧأĶ˵
΢΢һЦɭڻ˸һŨҵɱ⡣
һ죬һһǼǹ֡
սʱսȻһʮ߽ʿǰʮ߽ʿ
ûûвζķʽֱӸ߾һǼǹ׹ǹʩչΪ׵ʮ߽ʿ¡
ڵľڽһǼǹں󣬱صһǼǹһʮ
ٶֵƥľļӳɣȫ뵽һ֮С
ʮ߽ʿûԤϵ־֮£Ȼȷ
Ϊ׸߽ʿһ߽ʿûκγɵĳ֣׼ͬһĹ
ֵһǼȴϵ߽ʿɫ⣬ɫ̺ŵĿֲɱ⡣
õһǼ˲̵ʱ䣬һǼоҲ˳ɹ
ܹһǼڵɱ⣬ԵʩչʹһǼڵɱӾͻȻԡ
֮ǰܵһǼɱʮһ߽ʿ޷߽ʿ֪һǼ֮
ʮ߽ʿӰһ٣ȫע£ɱǵӰ첢󣬵ҲǴ˳Ϊȫ
˲䣬һǼǹΪ׵ĸ߽ʿӴˡ
Ϊ׵ĸ߽ʿҲʮһ߽ʿʧֵľΪԼҲӲסһ
ʮ߽ʿʮ߽ʿ֮УҲʵĴڡ
ܹڻӵõһУԼ˽
Ȼֻʮ߽ʿʮ߽ʿսѡ
Щ߽ʿûϳһǼҲܹǣеһǼϵıڵˣǿǵһǼͻȻԡ


254 
ٶֵĿֲ޵ʩչʱΪ׵ĸ߽ʿоΪ
Ϊ׵ĸ߽ʿͷƤ飬ëȻĸооϢ
սḻڸһӴ֮£ʹйķʽ˳һĴΧ
ɾйҪ˺֮ʱоܵ仯һڡ׹ǹʩϡ
׼£Ϊ׵ĸ߽ʿʧ룬ֹؼʱ̣׹ǹȴӰ졣
Ϊ׵ĸ߽ʿӰһ٣ûгɹȫӲˡ׹ǹһػ
ʮ߽ʿǿĹҲΪܵ˾ĳ
ǿʮ߽ʿһǼǹһػͬƲıɳȥ
еʮ߽ʿ쳣Ť
һǼǹתԱߵһʮ߽ʿȥҲһʮ߽ʿ
ֻвʿڿ״̬ûĸ߽ʿӰһԶߡ
ʿĺףʵ̫ˡ
Ϊ׵ʮ߽ʿֻһ֮£ͱˡ
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㶫ĳ˵
û˿ԥʿŶȥȥ
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ԣС˽ӥٶȣӥٶٶӣֻϸϸĺɫҲӥӰ
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֮ǰȻԽӥʵԣֱ죬ʵսУеᵽ˽ӥĿ¡
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ڽ̵ʿԿʿ츳ŲСĿԳΪһʦ
ȻѾȡ棬ôΪʲôҪͨûκιΪ˼˲ٵĹף
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ĿϧΪһαֳļֵһ£ɱһʮһ߽ʿʮ߽ʿ
ֻʮһսʳ˲³˹ʦ֮ǰжϡ
ҲֵļֵȻ޷Ī˹ʦһȽϣڲ³˹ʦԣֵǱĪ˹ʦҪĶս
⣬ɱŸ߽ʿҲŽ޻͵Ŀܡ
ΪҲ뽫ɱ
һ鱨ڻɱ߽ʿŵĸ߽ʿ³˹ʦָ㣬鱨˿ʿ˵
ʿʧΣҲԴԺ֮޳ΪѵĿܡ


255 ƽ
뿪˻Ǻһ֮أսָȡˡƿպšӥսսָڡ
һεսܹȷжԼʵս
رǽӥʵӵõ޷ֶΣͬʱӥٶҲʱս
ƿպšУΪҪǵĴ㣬ƿպšû
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ڲս鷳֮Ŵ豸ֱ
κ˶ͨ⴫Ϣ
Щ뿪ǾͿһЩ赲Ҳ˸սɱ¾
¹˵ºɱ˲ûʲô֮⣬лЩܡ
ֲܲΪɱ˵ˣɱŵĸ߽ʿ֮Ĺϵûκλ͵Ŀԡ
˴ʿʿӴΪЩʿҪǿ
κθŵˣܵŵı
ǰΪŵһԱҲʮŵַΧֵԼΪŵĵˣѹɲС
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ȻǡƿպšУ弶ҲԱƿպšᱻ١
ʱҲ˵ˣһҴͷɴʱͷɴĶ̫ڳ֮С
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ڱ˵ַ󣬹ɳʮ͵Ŀĵء
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Ϊ֮˵ûκѣһΪĵˡ
󲿷ʱУǶдд֮࣬ΪϲĻĴΣۿͬķ羰
õݣͬڵʻҲͬ
Ȼʻ֮вûжٸٱңԼʮĸٱҡ
ʮ򸶶ٱҲ࣬Ҳ̫٣Ҫκˣʮ򸶶ٱҲһʱˡ
յݣȻʹֶλȡƸ
߽ʿҪԴҲܹӴġ
Уʮʱͣ£߳ݣļһһƽ׶С
ƾƣ˴ţ߽ţⷿĲõǺƷζʩҲǳȫ档
Ժҵļˣ
ͲӴչ
ԴӳΪʿûƽΪÿնڼҪôѧϰҪô
ʧȥŨϵٶ½ˡ
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ʱһţһʮȥˣȷʵûѵˣʮʱУһЩõĽϢ⣬ûκϢ
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Ҳû룬ȻãҲ벹䡣
ܵ˵ʻиٱҵڲϵļ١
һֱûĻڵͨ޷̫ãһʱͻƲˡ
˵ʵҪ㵽ٱҵķкܶ࣬ǱҾķʽҲΪƽ͵ķʽ
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ССһңлӴҡ
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ļҵϷݿɲףǻѾ٣ʱҲ޷ҵչĵط
˵ܵĲҪʿӴȫġ
ԵȻţֻҪһСľͻᱻŷ֡
ʵڲУдһɣԼͷε
ͨ׬ȡٱҵķʽҪϷ͵űɡ
ͨ׬ȡٱҵķʽʺܲȥ򹤣ǲܴ򹤵ģǲ룬Ĳܹ
ͷ¶澡ƶȳ˰˳ɣ뾫Ҳ˭ܹ϶᲻ʵˡ
ûһΪһ㸶ٱҶգΪ˸ٱҶҪд顣
ǰͨоǿп޵ģⶼԸ㵽ڵͨңռҲۺ񣬿ϧڶܶˡ


256 
ǵҪ׬ȡٱңѡԼдһ顣
˵ѧϰʱ䲢ʮ۷ľϵȼټʮϵʿΪǿľ˼άжϵԶκξϵнʿ
ϵʿֻҪκҵΪҵ̳ǹϵġ
ֻҪóʱ䣬࿴һЩС˵Ϳոдɡ
˵С˵ݣľǰ鼮ļ
˵ǰ֪ʶУ󲿷ֶԶ棬ͨĶ硣
˵ǰ֪ʶ磬Щѧ滹вС˵ԳϮġ
ֲѧңֻҪһС˵׬Щѣǰ֮ѡһ׬ȡ貢ʲô¡
лһС˵Ȼһķ񶨵
Ҫǵĵȸ棬ͽǰС˵еİٷ֮ʮŵС˵ȥˡ
ֻЩ׿ʵ磬ȫ鹹磬ܹϮܡ
ܿҵĿ꣬Ǿǰ֪ġˡǡˡֻжʮ֣ݷʵ̫ˡ
ϡħ䡷һ֣ȫһ𣬳ΪһһʮֵĳƪС˵
ⱾС˵ȻСˡΪˡˡħ֮ħָ֮ĸ֡
ʱ䣬ͽһʮִ˳⻹ΪҪתΪһЩʱԭ
˿ֵķʽͻ֪Ϊ˿ٶˡ
ĹУʮĻгţľΪʮʮĻϿٵĵš
ҪĹʾĻ޷ٷֿ࣬ԽĻΪһ棬ͿԼطˡ
Ϊһ飬ȥ˽ʱ䣬ҪȴͿֱӽˡı༭
УټλϵУı༭
ˡͨעᣬ˰Ȩ󣬲Žˡͨ˱༭
༭Ϊı༭̫ӣͨûʲôңʮλ֮ࡣ
ûƷ༭ҲûҪ׷塣
༭ҪʱͶµʾ
ƷûǮˣ༭Ц˵
еĸ붼Ǵ༭ߵģȻ֪ľ
ڵ룬ȫڹ򷿲֮Σ༭жϣеĸٱҲ̫ࡣ
Ͷʱ仹Ǳ༭ԤϵҪһЩӦǸٱһ̫ˡ
༭С˵תУȻǰ˲
òʱС˵ˡ
༭ʼһ߿飬һò֮ͣ˻ò͡
һȫ鹹磬ʵڣĳ
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ûȥǰδͣ첽ص˹һݺԼ˳ȥҪǩԼⱾС˵ŷǳõĳɼҲ档
յԼɨһûзʲô⣬˵Լķֳɵȵȣû⣬ҪĲ̫ĲƸֻҪܹճͿˡ
ʵ༭ʮֿСˡⱾС˵ĺԼܹóúԼ
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һ죬ƴʻ䶯Ϣ
ʻȵ֣ʮ򸶶ٱҡ
ȵٶ򸶶ٱҴӺζҪͨݸ㸶ٱңʮĸٱҲɻá
ҪԼݣҪͨϷ;
ѾڵЩٱǲǺϷ᲻ʲô鷳
ڴʻϸЩٱҵ
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ʵϡˡʱ䣬ýǹգ༭ѾĲְ˰ת
лǺܸ˵ģΪٶĸٱңΪһͨˣҲıֶΣС
ڡˡĳɼϲˣδйټϳƷ˾ĴƼʹáˡѸϻ
ھ׼ɼƷֽʡˡ飬ҲΪ˺ܶ˵׷
ҲἰźܶĿҪϯ
༭֪Ը޷ܾת붼ˡ
Щ뷢ȥ󣬾ˡ
ȻܽЩ룬ݶûȥ
Ҫƽܿͷ֣סĴ¥ʱͨ¥ĴѶϵͳҪ
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Ϊڶ£յ˰˰ߴǧĸٱң༭ϢˡٶȻ֮У۸治ϵţԺ뽫ࡣ
ĺдˡˣû뵽ⱾԭñС˵羹Ȼܻӭ
˿Լס׷ӣӲˡ
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ô˵ֻа˳
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һ֮ҹĻʱȻ뿪˴¥Ǽʿ˷ɴ뿪ɰǡ
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ĺīǾɫѵĵطĺһ޴ȻȪˮ״
ʹöĺȻȪİߣÿ춼ԿӨˮڿз裬ʺ糣ˮ֮
һƬīｨһ
ߵһλб֮Уǰеġ
ʱĶ̨ϣɳϣһ¹衯
ѡ¾֮ѡΪʺ
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ﲻͬŵңڵΪȫ
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ҪǣķΧܴҲû֪ס˱ŵĿܡ
ΪԼͿԶվǵ͹ˡˡӰ
ʱƣˡԽԽãⱾС˵Ҹ
ڸ˾޶ƸͬʱҲԽԽ棬˭дˡˡû¶档
ǰҲӰ񴫳༭ҲֻжǰһŹա
ص˴ߵȤǶдˡҡ
һרڶˡˡ󣬷еȫԳϵȫʵ֮С
ʹáˡʢ
ʵⱾԭȷʵԴģⱾһ磬еϵڴԣȫµϵ
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šˡԽԽ𱬣ܶ˶ϵ˾޶档
ڣһʹֶΣӴ¥ĹϵͳУҵ¥ʱɨӰҲΨһӰ
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༭ڿһӰʱҲûл١
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ʿ֮УҲϲС˵ˣ鱨ŵĿڶܾ֮һ
ڷæĹ֮࣬ڶҲС˵ƣԼľ
ڿˡˡⲿС˵С˵ǳΪԡ
ýسӰ֮󣬿ڶҲǶƵ
¥ɨӰݿԿһһ档
ڶڿӰ˲䣬ѿڶ
ڶܿģ԰ٷ֮ٿ϶ῴˡ
ʣԼ֪ڶþ鱨ˣ˿Ƿǳ׼ġ
һ̿ڶܶ鱨ŸǷеĹϵûз
˭뵽ȻΪͨˣһҡ
ǡˡͻȻ˵Ŀһֱȥ
ڶͻȻ¶Ź֮ɫ뵽֮ǰƷ롶ˡʵĲࡣ
˵ⱾˡŰٷ֮ʮŵĿд֪һн׾ϵʿͲ֪Ϊܹдˡˡ


257 Χ
糿Ӽװһһ߿ŴĶĺ
͵ӣУǳÿհѧϰĸоʱԿŶĺȻ֮
ͻȻ̧ͷգ֪һ˿ѰϢ
Լĸ֪ǼεģΪԼĸ֪һδδΣ֮
ľſһ䷿еĴɨ豸ٿſǿҵɨ貨ӱ˷ɨȥ
һ״ʵɨ豸ҲױõƷ
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ռ˱һ䷿䣬һռ˱ٷ֮ʮɨ豸ɨǧա
ͨõɨвһ̾
޷۲ĸ߶ȣҷɴͣš
Լģһʱ㡣
ֹģķɴҪīǵĴ㡣
Բ²⣬̫лиķɴڵȴ
ɨսָһϢ֮󣬡þ߻סѾװϡ
þ߻סͬؽӽأ˫ȴӯĲŵ氺ĵשûһۼ
뵽ңҵһǽڣǽ˳ƿһʱΪԼͨ
ְҵսʱѧϰ֮ʱѡÿһ֮Ҫ׼ͨ
ŷټľٿأڳһͨʲô£رǻսָϵ⡣
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ͨ󲻾ãʮɫ׵ĸ߽ʿΧˡ
ʮ߽ʿʵĶʮһʵﵽʮΪ׵ִܿƸһʮļ߽ʿ
ִʵǿһȺʿŵڲ񣬰ԼʿļලԷʿץ׷ɱ
ɱʮ߽ʿһʮһ߽ʿʵѾ߽ͨʿԴõġ
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˵ǿƸܵʦĪ˹ʦرעҪץˣƸζҪʦС
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һ弶Сͷɴ֮£鱨Ѿ鵽ˣΪ˷ֹ弶Сͷɴ뿪̫в弶ɨװãж弶ɴʱЩ弶ɴɾϵʿٿصġ
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ûеԼīǣ֪ԼܶԲ֪šɴƷ
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˵ʵ޻ĳ޶ŵĳǿң޻ǵܶԷʩչʲôֶΣǿ֮¡
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ܽУʲô̫ķӦ֪лоЩĲס
һӰͼˣҪ֪ܹ֮ۼôʿΪŹƽԭ


258 
˭ЩƸ˰ٷ֮ʮţлǷ
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ִʿǷֿڱиҸȤʮ߽ʿرпƸλʮļǿ߽ʿڣǸûе
ٿšɴӽǱ
ľһսָٳ˽ӥӥһ־ԶȥڷеĹУй¶һ˿ʮһ
ڽӥֵ˲䣬ƸȻ𣬰ɫ׳˱ǽڣ˿С
Ƹϳӥ鱨ᵽս顣
˵ڲϣսӦһֻѸޣڻϵսֻս飬ӥ֮һ
ȻӥôҲӦþ⸽
û˿ԥƸܾŽӥ׷ȥ
žԵģֻֻʮһʵĽӥ޷ӹ׷
˻ʲôٶҲʱ䷵أỹܹץס
ƸģҲģû׵ķּԼû׵ķٶȸ졣
ɸһ׷ȥͷԼжʧ󣬽ӥķٶԱһߡ
һߵٶȲ࣬ǽӥⱣֵġ
ڿƸ׷ȥʮ룬ɴ˱һǣһʮִʿܽ
Ȼʮִʿվλãĸ߽ʿԶ
жϣֻһʱ䣬һͱԶ룬ͻᱻִʿס
ЩִʿѵأƸ׷ȥµִʿûн׷Ҳûҡ
Ǳű˴֮һİȫ룬Ƹͬ˼ᣬܲܵ
һſƸܵĽӥӰͻȻ٣չֵٶÿƸӦʱ䶼ûУͺܿ쿴˽ӥӰ
ӥת˸䣬űķ
ʱҲӡɴгһ־ʮִʿ˹
νط֮£һǼΪһɫâڽ⴦ŸΣյĻ
ʮִʿһֱž裬ȻĹʮͻȻǼʱ˷Ӧ
аϲĳˣһһԽ¡
ִʿҲӦ׼֧Ԯ
ĹģִʿԮӰ쵽ĵһ
ʮִʿе˸񵲶Ϊһơ
ɾƽҪ͵˲䣬ʮִʿȫ΢һɿֲɱϮ
̫ͻȻûļӦɱӦӦ
ֻһ˲ʱ䣬ȴǾ˲䡣
ĽⲢûΪʮִʿ΢ı䣬˶Է֣˶ԷĴԡ


259 ɱ
һǼʮִʿͷ­֮гЦһΧִʿΧ֮ǰڿ
ӥϵļΪȷڿ֮ʱ´ڱϡ
ɫʮִʿȴȫ˿մӥٶʵ̫ˣЩ֮ǰѾһԶ롣
лصЦЦ˶ִʿǵļ֮⡣
ʮִʿϷŹȫŽӥķ򼤷ȫ׷
ʱʮִʿ޷侲ˣΪǶִӵļƣǶŵӡ
ʮִʿжݼߵĴڣĸ߽ʿǣҪ
ɾǵǰǵһͬűɱ޷ܵġ
ʮִʿ׷ȥãƸܷص˱Ѿյִʿǵı棬֪һʮ߽ʿɱ֮¡
Ƹڿͷ­Ƶʮ߽ʿʬʱ¶ŭ֮ɫ
ڷŭ֮࣬Ŷ˼ɡ
ǵģƸܿǵıµִʿǸܹ࣬ڶʮִʿڽ䱸֮ʱɹɱһִʿ
ֻҪԸ⣬κʮ߽ʿ޷ֵĴɱ
ΪµģҪˣôŵĸ߽ʿô
Ƹһһڿնִʿ׷ķ׷˹ȥ
Խӥ⣬ӥٶԶ߽ʿʱ˺ܶ鷳սս߾ߡ
ûýӥȫٷУǻúִʿǷ׷
Ϲ۲ʮִʿ׷ΣЩִʿ׷ǰʵеģʮִʿǰ棬ʮִʿ档
ͬʱ֪˿ƸܵϢȻЩԶӦúܹܿ׷
ܹõʱǳ̣ҲֻһεĹᡣ
һЩִʿƸܻϣټЩִʿĴɱ˷ûйˡ
˵ףֻһʮһĸ߽ʿսôǿҲʮսбȽǿһս
⻹ҪΪĸ߽طԼһǼĿֲԼǿЩһγĳһս
ûٳɣþˡط˲ʧµֻúƣɸղƶսƻ
һ½ӥָ¸ӥ´ﵽһ
ӥٶȶȻӣûӰ쵽ӥٶȣӥΪӰǰһߡ
Сģǰһʮ߽ʿæѵ
׷ǰʮ߽ʿʮ߽ʿһľ롣
ǲûпǵתսΪͬԸ֪ƸܵϢﲢԶ
ֻҪסʮļĿƸܵûߵĿԡ
ʮ߽ʿ֧Ԯʮ߽ʿɻ׼ȫٷе״̬£ҪתҪһʱġ
˵ʱ伫̣սԣ붼ǼĲ
ӥͬӵƿټϷǽӥܣת򲢱ּٶǲì֮¡
ʮ߽ʿҲǳǲûк뵣ģ¶˷֮ɫ
ȻɱǵһͬţֻǴɱս
ʮ߽ʿʮȷʮһĸ߽ʿûпͬʱս
֪ͬǵ񲢲նɱססƬʱ䣬ǰʮִʿпƸܣûĿܡ
þ߻סµûһ˿飬еֻĮǶĮӡ
ųƣгһǼǹһǼγ˫״̬
һΪ׹ǹ롮罣ͬʱת
ʮ߽ʿһ˿˷طһԶƳǰҲΪʮ߽ʿǰķߡ
ʮ߽ʿҲת˸ԵĹطЩִʿϰ˸߽սطҲսǿԭڡ
ӥٶȼ죬ʮ߽ʿ׼ãӥͳ嵽˽ǰ
еһǼǹԶƣһεػֻǰٶһǼǹĿֲټϡ׹ǹ߽׹طŽӥĳơ
ʹһΡ׹ǹػΪǿһ
ʮִʿоԶϴľԶȻһ֣µĲֻβȥ
÷طɵĶƣҲ֮лΪƬɢ
׼ʮִʿ׼ʱһϯһء
ǡ׹ǹЧãһɱ⽫֣һǼǹЧ
ִӲûϣ෴Ǽȫ档
ſռĹϣһǼԼġ罣
һһǼǹż¼ȴûϸ⻹ڻʹùһα鱨¼ġ
ʹһǼǹʱǼΪСģֲ޷Чټ׵ġ׹ǹǱϸܡ
֪һǼǹϡ׹ǹʿǹ¡
ʹá׹ǹʩչʱʮִʿû˼׼һֱڷһǼɱЧ
ͻʮִʿ׼ʧ֮¸ûܹܺõķסһǼɱ⡣
罣ڽӥ֮£ٶ
ɫĽһʮִʿɫ࣬仹ȴǱɱֱӳ꣬˲ʧ
еһǼǹٴλӳһǼĹһɲǣȴһʧʮִʿѹ
ʮִʿԿĹֻԼ񵲡
ûԼһ֮У˴ľһǼǹٶӡ
һǼǹʮִʿײһʮִʿֻоһ飬ֱӷ˳ȥ
һǼǹƼʮִʿϻȥʱʧȥ˷ᡣ
ֲһǼǹǹķʮִʿİѪ
ʱһǰһҲҪӽ룬ûǣӥһ٣ǰҪл˲뿪
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һʮļγɵıմȾʮļ˺ǵļЧҲýӥʧȥٶơ
ƸܿŽӥ뿪һû׷ΪԽӥٶȣ׷ϵĻǸͲ׷ϡ
ִӵ׷Ϊǲµ塣
ƸܵĿɨղսսĿⲻһ
Ϊ֪Уֻʮִʿɱʮִʿȫս
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ʮִʿʬǰʮִʿĿڴһᴩѪ
ǿɱ𣿡Ƹܿ׷ʮִʿʵ
ʮִʿȫҡͷͬûзôֵġ
ڡط״̬£ܹʹõʩչ
һÿһǼǹһǼɱ֮ʱһ־ˡطһսָȡˡɱ֮С
ɱ֮СֵλãǱɢ˷ɵʮִʿǰ
ûκη֮£ӳġɱ֮Сƿʮִʿķࡣ
ɱʮִʿľֽɱ֮СջصսָС
Уɱ֮Сĳֻһ˲䣬ټϡɱ֮СԴϢЧս֮ϣע
رʱھɱʮִʿԶִʿע
ҪٷֿˣϵܲǱٶʮִʿʮľͲҪٹˣƸܳԸ
Ҳ֪Ƿɱʮִʿ
԰ٷ֮ٿ϶ʮִʿмԻǻᱻɱ
һΣƸܸоʮִʿʵ
ǣţʮִʿҲǼ޵ģУܹﵽʮĸ߽ʿ̫ࡣ
ʮʮһ󿲣ʮһʮǾ󲿷ֳΪ߽׵ʿܹﵽĸ߶ȡ
Щ߽ʿڳΪ߽׺츳þлԵĻлΪʮ߽ʿһӶֻʮһ߽ʿ
ʮ߽ʿͲͬˣĸ߽ʿ츳ʿмٵǲ֣ٽһܹΪ߽ʿǿʮļ߽ʿˡ


260 ŭ
Ǵ˳ΪʮļϣŶʮ߽ʿʮֿеģʮ߽ʿԴҲҪʮһĸ߽ʿ
֮˵ǿʮļ߽ʿΪʮ弶ĸ߽ʿȫΪΪʦŬ
ʮ弶һҪʱڣ˾츳Լõ
ֻҪһͿԳΪĶսҲӳܶܶࡣ
Ƹ´ʮִʿһܼʽķΡ
ûе֧Ԯʮ߽ʿ֮ǰƸǲԼµȥðա
˵ҪðգҲҪϡ
ǵԵʿЩĬȻ˵Ļ
ʵϣƸܵҲͬܣʮִӵľӢռƵ£ɱˡ
󣬿Ƹ֪ܶô㱨
ܣǱߴϢסĪ˹ѾϹˣҪʮСʱ̫еִɴϢ
ϢÿƸܵľһû뵽ᾪĪ˹ʦ
Ҫ֪ʦٻ߽ʿս֮УʦҪ߽ܶ࣬ʿһĳͻʦоСӴܡ
ô˵Ī˹ʦĵץ֮±ļ򵥡
ӸɴҪʮСʱڣīһֻӶ޷뿪Ƹܳ
ٿšɴԶԶĿſƸǡ
žԵģֻҪƸ߳һ©ٴνдɱ
ʮСʱһ߽ʿȵķ֣ʮ߽ʿȫʮ߽ʿִ׵ĸ߽ʿಢִʿ
Щʮ߽ʿĵֹͣٶȽС
ʮ߽ʿΪһ飬Ƹܴһʮ߽ʿΪһ顣
۲Щ߽ʿһʱ䣬Щԡ
Ƹ֪õģǼ
ѵƸаץסңа
һͨ۲죬ӿƸ¶ϢϾͿԸ֪Ƹ֮ǰΪɱʮִʿʧȥģȴʮ㡣
ӸҿģҪסң²⵽˿Ƹܵ뷨
û˿ԥٿšɴ̫շȥ
ҲˣҪһδɱĿԼСЩʮ߽ʿСģʮ߽ʿ֮κʱ򶼱εսΡ
ûа´ɱɹ˵ʮ߽ʿսǲ
κһʮ߽ʿ֮£
һ㲻ɣʮ߽ʿʮһѹЧⲢľֲġ
ɱʮ߽ʿİգڡɱ֮СֻҪʮ߽ʿɶķлáɱ֮Саɱ
ϧ֮ǰɱʮִʿȷʵסЩʮ߽ʿҲ
ɴţΪ£ʹáɴĳϣκηķ롣
ҲʹáɴܹԽٶȣīǵ뵽̫֮С
̫еĳεΪ׳۵ľǵһο
ǰķɴǻս֮Ͽս۵ĳﲢսǸʽķɴ
ڸ֮󣬳֮ǰķɴƬ򶼸ˡ
ڶɴУһҴɫĴͷɴǰɫͷɴϣִӵıʶ
ԭ뿪һ뷨
ɴִɴִɴûп֣ҲΪڶɴİΧ֮УܵϮԭ
áɴԷǳӽִɴԶʮ׵ľɨִɴڲ
ҵһάͨάͨ豸ָ߷ܵ豸豸⣬ǲ˽еġ
ҪľǽάڡͨԼ豸м̽Ӧ豸ȫ̽ӣʹ䲻ϵͳ
ӵǿ˵Ƿǳġ
֮ǰҲ£Բνᳵ·
ִɴϵļ̽Ӧ豸Ƚ϶࣬ĲҲ˽ϳʱ䡣
άڴһ϶սָʹõԽԽֻҪһ϶ͿͨռսָڵƷλִɴڲ
ľһö𵯡뵽豸Աʱ䣬ʱԡ𵯡һЩأֻҪͺѱ֡
ЩšɴʼԶƬ
Ҫ뿪Ӵķɴ㼯֮ʱ߿һǸһɿֲϢѸٿ
Ȼʦа
ʦϢǷǳϤģϢȻ֮˹ʦҪһЩҲκһλ߽ʿԷġ
رλʦΪڶķɴΪˣ⽫ʦϢйһЩʹƬ֪ĵ
ʦľ飬æͷȫ
ȻһλʦľЩɴ֮УҪôķɴзɲס
Ī˹ʦ鲢ãΪʦȴΪһʮһ߽ʿīǡ
ǷܹץסڼʦʱܵĳЦ
뱻ץס۶ʮֲֻнץסܹ׽ⳡ鷳
棬֪᲻ᱻɶԸŵӡ
˵˹ʦȻŵ˽Ѫʯû˵ʱ䣬е˼ҲʮԵġ
˹ʦûץס˵Ī˹ʦѾΪ񣬲ṩӦ鱨ûбץס
˹ʦôľѪʯΥףһʱҲ
Ī˹ʦͬʮļҪõѪʯΪˡѪʯ޷רˡ
Ī˹ʦһ弶Ĵͷɴִɴ˽Լķɴִͣɴԡ
ǴӴ򿪵ĲŷɳʦѾ̫Ҫκε豸ֻƾͿЩ̫һ̫ա
Ŀɨһܵķɴ֪Щɴϵÿһ˶ͷ
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ɴٴһ̶ʮһҪ£ɲΪĪ˹ʦйŭĶ
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ƿպšָ˳ȣȫٺģʽܿʧ̫֮С
īˣ֪ΧĿ꣬Ѿ뿪īǡ
Ī˹ʦٶȼ죬̶̵ļʹ̫յīǵ棬ҵִӵĿƸܡ
ʦƸܹ
ôûĴλãĪ˹ʦ΢΢˵ͷʵ
ĳصطĿǰΪֹûзλã֮ǰĻۼӦһֱڼЩʿʱ׼аɱƸЩεĽ͵
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½֮ʱĪ˹ʦ͸Ӧ˸
īǵʿͼ٣ǰĶλʮ߽ʿ⣬һƬĻʮһϢôҲ޷Ī˹ʦ̽顣
Ī˹ʦԿƸܵĹʮֲ⣬ִ֪ͨҪԭΪִӲ˵ץסҲӦû鵽Ĵλá
ҪץסҪīȫһ顣
ǶĪ˹ʦλʮʦԣҲǼΪ鷳顣
Ƹܽͷ£Ҳ֪ԼĹûãڵȴĪ˹ʦĴ
Ī˹ʦ׼ٶ˵֮ʱ̫д˾ҵ
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һֻץסƸܣӰٶ̫շȥ
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Ī˹ʦīǣ뵽̫ʱ̫з¡
ԭִͣɴݵλãѾճһƬ֮ǰɴ֮伫ΪҲ֪жִɴ弶ͷɴķɴһˡ
Ī˹ʦſտҲ򣬿
ӴƸܱץסһֱۻΪһƬѪƸܵԻ׸޷סһץ
Ƹǿסʧȥֱ۴ʹҽг
Ī˹ʦͷϣƸʦƢҪǸڳʦͲȡֱۣ
弶ͷɴĪ˹ʦҲҪģ˵ҷɴлкܶҪƷһըҷ


261 
ǿסֱ۴ʹƸܲŵĿǰһС
˵ʵϣ֪һЩ·񣬵û뵽ı˵Ŀ¡
ʦĪ˹ʦݣըˣµӰ콫ʮ־޴
ʵҲû뵽֮ɺϣ֮ǰֻըִɴӰ쵽ܵһЩɴ
ЩɴǰΧģҲûʲôѹ
˭Ī˹ʦʱԼ̫ͣУִͣɴԱߡ
弶Ĵͷɴżǿķûκη£ļռ𵯡ıըΧڣˡ𵯡ҲͬͨɴһĻΪƬ
Ī˹ʦſԼĸ֪ڶɴҪҳص
ΣҲûκεķ֣Ѿ뿪ˡ
ԼĵӿƸ˶ûйʣֱһҴͷɴ
ƸܿԶĴͷɴĪ˹ʦ̬һƬɬ
ƿƲأʦ֣һֱֻ۳ױ٣Ժֻʹü֫ˡ
ԿƸܵʵмӰ죬ٺõļ֫Ҳ޷ͬ㴫
˵ҪʦһǼΪҪģʧȥһֱֻۣÿƸܽʦѶ֮ࡣ
ʿʧȥһ֣ǵͼʿʱͨƼлָ
и߽֮ʿ徭˳õǿͨ岻ͬһͨƼӻָ֫ķʽи߽ʿûЧ
ȻⲢ˵֫û˰취ҵӵǿֶΣԻָʿ֫ʿпָܻ֫ġ
ֶεʿϡ٣ԿƸܵʵͬһȼʿܹΪؽֱۡ
ʮļӵǿֶεʿԲڸ
ҵֵܹʿʮļʿ۽ƣҲҪԶʿֵĴۡ
ƸܶԼֱָûаģҲĪ˹ʦ
ǱĪ˹ʦõĴͷɴȻ˿ķԣͷɴܿ뿪ī̫ա
Ī˹ʦһ̶ˣԳץʮһ߽ʿʧ֣Լݶˡ
ȵķŭɢһЩ侲ع飬оԼϻģǱĸо
³˹ˣըҵķɴĪ˹ʦˣԶͨѶϵ˲³˹ʦ˵
³˹ʦڽӵĪ˹ʦͨѶʱΪѾĪ˹ʦˡ
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Ļ޻޻ʮö𵯡鱨
ôҪ鱨ŵ鱨ȴֱºϱò³˹ʦΪ
³˹ˣʮö𵯡ʧ֮£޻ļΪܣλȡ鱨鱨·չ޻һˣ˲ǳΧս֪һЩŵõ鱨ڶЩεĽ͵
Ϊļռ𵯡Ӱ켫޻ʮö𵯡ʧ֮±ļ֪ںܶ⽻϶ʮֵı
Ժκγ͵ıըᱻ޻Ǳߡ
޻ΪСĵš𵯡֮£Ϊ˲˼ϸıֶΣǷֹ鱨֪̽
ӦѾ֪Ī˹ķɴը٣Ӧþõġ𵯡Ҫ鱨ŷһ£Ƿпʹá𵯡ʵʩϮƶһϸԤƻʱύң³˹ʦԸ
ڿӵС𵯡֮ǰԼָоʲôԭˡ
ԲŻύ鱨ŶиΪϸµķжǷ񵽶ǷϮ
³˹ʦ˻֣ʾڶȥ
鱨鱨ʱټ˶λרҼԱ鱨ΪƵķо
ĿǰõĹ鱨˲⣬ȫġ
ǱߵЩ⣬ŵŲҽ鱨Աչ
һҪӢ۹֪ô˵ţǸҲд鷳
Ӣ۹˶Բӻ£ûĸӢ۹ϡ
鱨ռ鱨Ҳ㹻ˣλרҴΪԡ˼ȷȫķ
ʮСʱһݹķͳڲ³˹ʦǰ
³˹ʦ򿪷棬ȾͿרµһۣǾаٷ֮ʮĻʣǰǽб
רǶԸжΪصսۺ֢
ƽʱǫЩ󣬵еĵʱͻ뵽һƽս״̬
ڶԸʱй޹֮˵İΣֻҪܹɱˣԲϧһдκֶγ֡
ΪоͿԼֱӻµʮ
רǷһܹпľѵڲμӹģսŻսۺ֢
⣬ǿʱּܹõ̬ҶԽɱǿܶĵˡ
ʿ֮ǼټģʿٻֱǿܶʿʱɱԷֻѡжԶӶԶ
Ҳרжаٷ֮ʮĿǰǱԭ
رǿƸвҲǴʹҪ
ƶרǣûκΰ취ԤǵıʦѲӣпֹܷϮ
жϵĸβδֶ֪ΣȻӽɴȴ޷֡
רǿ϶ʮָ߽׵ķַп弶ɨ豸޷
³˹ʦԼͷоһ˿ͷʹ
רǶķԽ£ʹļֵԽߡ
ֻҪŵ鱨רǶΪѷϮôŵˣŵĵ˴в
ǲ³˹ʦͬģһֱûжٻ⣬ΪһֱΪĪ˹ʦʮ߼Ļᣬֻٷ֮һĻᣬҲֻǱļӸΪҪ
ڵĲ³˹ʦȴһڣΪĪ˹ʦӽһʣŸ˶ٴۡ
߽ʿлִӵľӢ߽ʿ
ŵһЩ߽ʿΪء
Ϯٻ֮ǰʿŵֲΣɾ޴Ķ
ȥǽɫ䣬һͼķϸ飡³˹ʦͨƴ


262 ը
յ˿ʿԣʿȰ˵³˹ʦʧˡ
㲢ϣ³˹ʦ£Ǳ˿Ȱ˵ġ
ǣʿ˽ʽһǰκһ߼ŵͨ޷á
ǰʿΪһͶ
һԿʿļеĹϵ¡
ңʿҵʵ൱ǣļŵвȫĳɳ
г̾һʿ޿ܳΪˣҲ˽֮ǰĽ顣
ûͨûǿʿ׷ɱûʦǿ߳ץ԰տʿ飬뿪
֮䣬ûһ˿Ļˡ
еʿˣֱɱģִɴС𵯡ıըҲвٵʿ֮䡣
Ѿ˲ݵĵز븶ҲŻ᲻ŶԸ
ԾƵжϣԼ뷨
ϳųϣһЩķϴڵ͹ȡ
ֻҪһƶʧȥʿôټҲо޴鷳
УǼӴһһ£ɱĸ߽ʿܶࡣ
ûһ˿ĺ뵣ģѹεΣԵĵ˶ǱΪǿĴڡ
һδεĻ˵ˣЩ޷ܣҲӵҧһ⡣
ڵҪӴҧһ⣬ףǿġ
ƿպš٣ͼ븶ǲңԶˣ￪ʼͿ˴űǵķɴѲߡ
ûŵķɴѲֻһѹûʵʵЧ
ƿպšģʽ԰ȫٶȣŸǿ
ͨϴۿԿǣԼΧŸǷеĶǣоͬˮǡ
ڵһμʱͶǵİȫЩ뷨
£ҪǣҲֻСΧƻҪɻԵʧɲס
ܹɻԴܹԻõġ
ҪӽǣҲǲġ
á𵯡˵Ϊսֱָ̬ôʱȡá𵯡
Զ̴ķʽá𵯡ǣ;ͻᱻϵͳ٣Ƕ޷ӽ
̫ӽ£κηɴҪʿĹ
űǵҪֶξκҪǹҪǵܳɲɹҪܵű
һʷвûзŵʦԴŸ߽ʿƻǵγ
·̣Ͳʹáƿպšˣ弶ɴϵͳҲ޷ڸϵڲ֡
ϵǷǿϵʹáɴǱİա
ʮȷţĸϵһ߼ľ䣬һ·ϲѲ߷ɴͿԿˡ
ûѡֱǰǣĻ³˹ʦ
ٿšƿպšȫٸǣжʧȥݵĪ˹ʦٶȣһҪϲʱܹظǡ
ҪԵֻв³˹ʦһ˷صǣȻֻǲ³˹ʦһڣһͬ޷ѡ
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ٿšɴڵĴ¥ҪͣСͷɴͣ㡣
ûдԼǰǣԲ³˹ʦĹ˼ɡ
ӸǸĲѾĲãӦǲ³˹ʦ
ָоʹáɴֱӿǣмǽԼ͵³˹ʦС
ѡһַʽ˽𵯡ǡ
ŵʱ䲢㳤Ҳ֪һЩŵڲ
ܹʻɴ˵ͨʿȻûֿԵģһ־Ӣĸ߽ʿȨ
Ҫ˭ǾӢĸ߽ʿҪͨڲϽе顣
ûȨޣķʽ
ǾǶԷɴм飬ɴźм¼ֻҪƽ˷ɴϵͳͿԵȡӦĺм¼
Ȼüеķɴܶ˶ûע⵽һ㣬ǾǾӢĸ߽ʿʹõ˽˷ɴ߽ͨʿ˽˷ɴ϶Ҫһ
ֻҪͣȴи߶˽˷ɴ룬Ϳжˡ
Ƕͣڵķɴ鿴һã涼ͨɴ󲿷ֶǹСͷɴ
๫Сͷɴ˵ڲռС亽м¼ҲǼΪҵģѲǰʹߵľ
Žʿ٣ԽҪԽҪǰ
Ҳʹǰĸ߽ʿУоӢĸ߽ʿ֡
СʱȥˣһҴɫͷɴϵͳٿ£ͣ㡣
һͷɴһ֪Ϊر𣬵ľɨʱз弶豸
ûκγɣɴ˴ɫͷɴľٿ£ɫͷɴĲű򿪡
ȻɫͷɴŴ֮ǰضõƵĴϵͳͨƲŵģԲûзֲű򿪡
Ӱ䣬˴ɫͷɴڡ
ɴսսָܴΪרҵƽȡ˳ӵ˴ɫͷɴڲӿڡ
֮ϵͳƽ⣬ӵҷɴĿȨޡ
ɨһĻ˺м¼
Ҵɫͷɴʮ߽ʿʿ˽˷ɴʿصҲźĵϵٶꡣ
ʿָʿʿҳ϶ǲɵġ
м¼˽˷ɴǵļ¼λʮһԶ̺Уպм¼֮ǰĹɣ˴˽˷ɴʿ󣬻ֱǰǡ
¶ЦݣľɨɫͷɴڲʱͷĿռ䡣
ǿռÿݵһö𵯡һö𵯡սָȡõĿռ䴦
ǿռʮְȫʿԼûеΪֻάԱŻ롣
𵯡úãֽӵϵͳ˶֡𵯡ը
һУȻ˳˷ɴڷɴڵĲþ߻ס½еġ
ʹһ˿ζû£˵ĺۼˡ
ʻšɴٶ̫շȥ
һεϮǷɹ׼ٽеڶεϮˡ
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ʿֵõһʲƵĹ׵㡣
ΪŵĵϵӵõѡкֻܶԾӢʿͨʿ޷뵽еġ
ȻһѶȣջҲ
ʿƣٻԼ˽ͷɴ
Ȼʮĺ񣬵ȻûдڸϢŹ̶Ժӡ
ʮֻԺӵĸоκεط޷ġ
ô£ôôܣʿԽԽǣ
²˽⣬֮ǰں֮УмվûУ޷
ʿһɨ貨ʱ֤
Ȼļʮܣʿ־Ӣĸ߽ʿҪͣ·ɴм顣
ʿĵϵ߽ʿ޷Σôžûпεĸ߽ʿˡ
ɫͷɴǵ͸龧ǰ龧Զֿͨ
ɫͷɴͨͨ뵽ڲʱϵͳһԶϵͳһָ
ԼԺеĲ³˹ʦͻȻоһļ¡
˲ڿն𣬳ͷݶ
ɾڿ뿪治ʮʱڲ෽֮Уһ֣ԽԽǿ
𵯣³˹ʦ
ǿ粼³˹ʦʱҲӦˣ𵯡ıըǵϿգҲʹá𵯡˺ﵽѡ
ǵǳӴ־ĸ죬ǡ𵯡ڱ汬ըҲֻӰ쵽޵һƬ
ڿбըͲͬˣʧȥ˵Գ赲ըĳΧ౶
³˹ʦ֮ɫԼԼԺӷڣʱУΨһܹģǱԼԺӡ


263 
Ѿ뿪˸һξϿԿǵǲǣԼ̫еڶɴеˣ̫б貹â
ϿգͬˮǣǸø˼Ϊʿأܵ˼ƻ
ǴĿǵķԭˮ򣬱һ룬ֻڱըһ滹
ȻܵըӰϵڶʿЩʿ֮У߽ʿҪһЩùĸ߽ʿڽӽ𵯡ĺıը򣬱ˡ𵯡ըĺڶ֮Уĸ߽ʿڱըл
ʿ𵯡ǵĸ߽ʿǵһĸ߽ʿ
˸߽ʿ⣬еͼʿֻҪڡ𵯡Χڣ޷ֵס𵯡Ǵݿĳ
еıը龧ɵܱջбըҲʹ龧ܵ˳𵯡ʵʧ
ڱըһ˲䣬һ龧ͻΪƬҲ龧Ĵһ龧
ϣŽʿд󲿷еͽʿЩеͽʿŵĺ˲ţҲŵĵڡ
š𵯡ıըһĳ˽еͽʿֱ
Щеͽʿôڡ𵯡ıըΧڣڱըΧǸеͽʿನɨУ˲̶ͬȵơ
ⲿ˵еͽʿڰ֮ʱֲǿ䴩ʿ塣
нʿǿӰ죬ͽʿ弶ĵͽʿҲǿźǿĵļĵͽʿ޷ֵǿˡ
ʵ͵ĵͽʿǴӸųʿӣǿķΧɱȱըΧ㡣
ǿűըĲܲϵɢš
еͽʿͻȻ£岻ܿƵĳ鶯š
и߽ʿˣ֪ͨǰľԮԱ׼ǿ䣬αըǡ𵯡ģ³˹ʦϿ
Щҵʿǣ˲³˹ʦһĹǡ
ʿʼľԮٲ֮ǰľš
³˹ʦӰڿգǵƻ̶ȣвɵһʹ
Ŵûйʧǵ龧Ǳһ롣
Żһ龧Ŀ棬޸ǻԶԶġ
ģǴӴ֮Ϊ½
ܹṩҲ½룬ŵ͡
ЩԺҪǵ£ǰҪǣξԮ
³˹ʦǱһƬݻٳΪ׵صڲ֪жŵʿ䣬ȴиŵĹ㡣
ͷƤ飬ʿ¾Щͽʿǧѡģŵδ
ʵ̫ˣ³˹ʦٲǰĵȻҧ˵
ܻΪĿ꣬û뵽˴ƻ
˵ģ³˹ʦһκˣͬʱ֪˴ۣôͬ⡣
žһۺԪˣ֪Ҫòָܻ
³˹ʦվڿУ·ľԮȥʱ䶼ûУҪ˶ȶġ
Ȼ³˹ʦҲʱӵԶԶģҵ
֪ԶһϤʦϢڿٽӽа̾Ī˹ʦص̫ˣһЩʱ䣬ܹЩá
Ī˹ʦŴͷɴڿϵʱӦ˴ӸǷ
ôңԶľ룬ܹӦֲӦҪң
˲䣬Ī˹ʦ׸߳ˣֻǲ֪˴¡
Ī˹ʦΪ˸췵ز鿴˴ͷɴ̫ж̾ķУٶȱȴͷɴҪˡ
븶ϵ˵׷ʲô¡
дʧȥյٹ⣬ڱ˥Ŀʼ
иӽĪ˹ʦٶȸˣԽǿԽǾ
Ī˹ʦϿյĲ³˹ʦҲ˹
³˹ǡĪ˹ʦûмȥ˲³˹ʦϴδй˥̬֮
Ȼ˵³˹ʦʵȷʵǳˣʦдĩڣ³˹ʦȴδйϵ˥ϣҲϲ̬
ڣĪ˹ʦǰȴǴ嵽϶¶˥̬֮Ĳ³˹ʦ
Ī˹ʦʮһʦԣζʲô
Ī˹ˣ³˹ʦ˵ͷ˵
дżصƣ֮⣬һʦǼġ
壿Ī˹ʦһʵ
ҵû£ǶСųĻӦŵʿʧʮ֮һ³˹ʦҡҡͷָ·ǿɬ˵
Ī˹ʦԲһȻǵʧἫ󣬵Ҳû뵽֮
³˹ʦ˵ʿָȻнȨ޵ʿ
ЩʿһǱʿҲŵδ
ټţ֮һһʧʮ֮һľʿʧ֮󣬼˵ǵ˽ǵĳ̶ȡ
Ī˹ʦǿֱӿΧǵ龧һ붼ʧ
ЩʧĴԶЩѣ֮С
Ī˹ȥ޻һˣҿ˹ʦҪġѪʯ³˹ʦ˵
³˹ʦĪĿ⿴Ī˹ʦвûԹ
ȻкڣҲһֱΪԼѡûдεıҲֻĵʱ䡣
ЩԣԼĲΪܹĸãĪ˹ʦʱɳ
һǱ٣ò³˹ʦܵ˼Ӱ죬оԼĴ޽
˹ʦһֱӽѪʯ֮Ī˹ʦûʵȥҪѪʯ
Բ³˹ʦڴǰǰ޻ҿ˹ʦ
³˹û뿨˹ʦ׵ĻͲн֮ˣĪ˹ʦܵ˵
Ȼײ³˹ʦΪҪǰ޻һҪʮ߼ʦǼֲĴڡ
κ˶ҵʦΪ˭Ҳұ֤ʦǰô¡
ͬʦҲ޽ʦΪУΪҲ±޽ʦϵͬھ
סڣԺŵ֧κ¶ҪڣˣҲҪ˵³˹ʦ˵
ǣĪ˹ʦصĻӦʵδã
ļԼкڰ֯߶Ҫκļ粽У³˹ʦԼ
ʱֻһЩŵӡ
׷ɱ񱨳˽˳Ī˹ʦͷ˵
һŴ޻ôһᾡвʦ³˹ʦ˵
Ī˹ʦ⣬˲³˹ʦеľ֮⡣
뿨˹ʦĳޣһδĽף˴֮սһֱڳš
³˹ʦ֮⣬ɲֻΪĪ˹ʦջءѪʯҪءѪʯ󣬲³˹ʦ뿨˹ʦ
ܹɱ˹ʦôĵ˾ڲ³˹ʦ֮ٶԸš
ˣָӰɣ³˹ʦ˰˵
·ȥĪ˹ʦ
Ī˹ʦڲ³˹ʦ֮ǰڵλãǲָӣΪʦŵ˰ġ
ŸǣԮ֮½еķǳ졣
ֻһСʱ˵ʿ˸ǽƣûԺӵʿҲ׷뿪ǡ
ǵؽҪŶʧµ龧Լ龧Ϊǵؽˡ
ЩȻҪĪ˹ʦٹˣŵ潵ȥ
Ī˹ʦԽԽ˾ŭʦľԾ׼ռжϣжϳԼԺӵλá
ǰȴһƬ棬ԭԺڵλã˺ɫĵ⣬һ
Ī˹ʦѹסԼ࣬һ༸Ҫǻ
ӰһԭԺڵλãһץƬĵ汻ץ
Ī˹ʦĸ֪ûзԭҵĴڣҪ֤ʵһ¡
𵯡ıըõ汻ȥ˺һ㣬Ī˹ʦԺӵĵңڱըȥһС
ȫûˣĪ˹ʦ
⴦Ժӵĵңıڣռϡ֮
˵֮ǰݱ٣ڵƷĪ˹ʦ۲ѣô⴦ʧ޷ĸо
ղػһƺܳһʱ䶼ҪϵĲ뵽֮ȥܱ֤衣
ʦҪԴУܶ඼ĳܹṩģҪʦѰġ


264 Զ
ƿպšȫ̫кţǰһԾ㡣
ĿǰΪҪ뿪Ŵ˾޴ʧһǷ˰ͨ
Ŀǰͼ֮Уֻи޻ļͼ
Ҳûд㷵ռǰŵĸӹ
ȻҲǰļͼбעǰļԾ㣬û˺ͼҪڵǱߺйͼ
İļͬκκΪ֪Щ˻᲻Ὣٱš
ѡǰ߼ڸ߼ǱߣĲᷢʿ֮ս
߼ѡһǿ߼·߼
ѡ·߼߼пܻӴϤʿ֮ǰǣɲΪѡ
ĺУƿպšԾ
⴦ǹԾ㣬ûκεķҲûפء
ǰ߼ֻи߽ʿһԾ㲢æ
ƿպšٶȣ뵽Ծλá
ƿպšǽ뵽֮а㣬ʧԭ
ľſʱ׼һпܵϮ
òСڵǱź֮ǣŻκεطΪ塣
ƿպš˿ռͨһʵռ䡣
ľ뾫ϵͳӣһʱͷԾߣȻһļͷɴغš
յļͷɴڵĳźţûеģ׼η̫ս
Էļͷɴ̫շĴͷʩʹöԷڳʱһЩ
̫շݵķض£һͷɴв
ҲѹڽԾʱûи֪Σĸ֪ԣּ㲻в
ֵֻǣͷɴԼġ
ͷɴڽҪ֮ʱƿպšѾɹԾ㣬ƿպšûмֻ֣ڿʼܡ
ͷɴȻƿպšɵܿ
һʱ䡮ƿպš˳ܣǰڻһ
ͷɴҪܶͷɴϵĲ߲ǾϵʿߵķӦٶȸܶ
ͷɴ֣弶ڣɻļͷɴ֡
ͷɴϵ߽ʿΪԼķɴҪʱȴǷڻֺ󣬲ͷɴûжͷɴһˡ
߽ʿһΪǡƿպšʧ󣬵ǲ֪ǣΪ֮
ļͷɴЩӣڡƿպšо˿ռ̫С鷳
ƿպšȷʵǷǳõķɴСͷɴĿռʵǲԶ̺С
ټϡƿպš͹ͱŵ鱨ռˣǽ·߼ҲҪǵԼݣƿպšױ¶ݵġ
ҪһͨЩķɴǴЩķɴ
Ҫ֪ںܳʱУڷɴϣҵһĵط֮ǰ
һ߽ʿûٽңǷ׷뿪ͷɴ׵šƿպš˹
߽ʿϣǵͷɴ٣ǻɼ鷳
ǲŵĸ߽ʿǸĸ߽ʿ޻ĸ߽ʿǰҪĸ߽ʿ
ĸ߽ʿһ޻ɱ߽ʿӦı꣬һ棬ڷɱ߽ʿʱսƷɵãһ롣
Ȼ߽ʿϣǴ·߼ĸ߽ʿĸ߽ʿŸмֵƷ
˵߽ʿһ̶ϵڿյֻ޻ϿɵĿյ
ٿšƿպš⽫߽ʿԶͷɴľ룬Ҳͷɴ𻵡
˫ͬĿģȻǱ˴˶ϵԶͷɴ
߽ͨʿϢ֪߽ʿʵһʮ߽ʿʮһ߽ʿ
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265 
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266 
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ЩȵԼұҲûҵҩ豸ȴ￴ˡ
뵹Ҳһҿҩ꣬ܵԼļӹ豸


268 Ϣ
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ϣƿʦţĿǰΪֹĺУûг鷳Ҳϣһֱˡ


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ÿһƷе׼ۣһʮľʱ䣬ڵ׼ϼӼۣʮһͽ
ƽ̨ϳһĻĻʾһʮƿҩҩơЧȱעķǳ׼Ҳװ׵ʾš
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272 
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273 
Բηɴ̫кţĿ·߼Χһ㣬316ǲ׼ȥˡ
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ǰǵĽʹڱ״̬ҪڿǹһսҪƸ⣬㹻ݡ
֪ˣҵϵͳҲǼϵͳ
ٲģ߽ʿܹձʹõģֻܵӵľʿϵͳ
ʿʮ󣬲»ص˿ǡ
յܼҵϢΪʿȨޡ
ʿҷɴ˿ߵһСͷɴ⣬һͷɴ
ʿԣӦóƺΪʿˣһ棬ʿЦǰ˵
ȡһſƬݵǰ
ӹƬƬӰ񣬻ļϢ
һЩ飬ʿ֮£Ӧûɣʿ˵
Ҳ˿ƬʾŵʿԱһݣݵʮУڲʱҲʿһԱ
û⣬ݲЦŵͷص
ҾͷˣŵҲҪʿģʿڲ鷳٣ǳʺ㣡ʿ⣬ЦŽ͵
ƯôãҲʿᲢڲʱеҪ
ȻⲢ˵ʿ᲻ǿ󣬵κʿᶼʦڵġ
ûʦڵʿᣬʵܽ뵽ĴΧ
ʿƣܶԿȡһЩԴҲͨȡԴҲͬԿȡġ
ͷɴˣ֮Եôõʱ䣬Ϊͷɴʿָͷɴ˵
ĿҲɿͷɴʿӦһҷɴҳŵһҺõķɴ
ܹʿϿΪõķɴӦ弶ͷɴҲǶĴˡ
Ҵ㿴ĻΪٻһңʿ˵ţͷɴʮġ
ڿͷɴʱһרΪսͷɴ
͵ͣҶԳƵ˫ƣʹͷɴӵмǿս
ͷɴԭŵǾĳ潢ҴҪһҹеİƷȻ˸죡ʿ˵
ǳԾˣŵǾ弶ľ
ļʱӴκһ弶ɴüɴ
֪üɴü֧֮ĲǼġ
˵ֻһҳ潢ĳ潢ҪһսϽ̫սģ̫սҪǼΪҪġ
뵽潢ڲܵ˶ʿǾݻ
֪ҰƤë̵ĵ棬ǽϸǹƷǳ潢һרΪõδ
ʻʱŷ˶ʿġ
һ׾ٿϵͳ弶ľٿϵͳ
桢ϵͳɨϵͳϵͳֶϵͳԱ֤һ˾Ϳǿڣͬͷɴֿһơ
ҵĽƽʱ㲻ҪʩչȫܣҪʩչȫܵĻòҪڣҳ潢ġ
ģη˸Ķͨ޷ֵġʿ˵
ںЩ潢ܣһ覴ʲô
ɴǳãõĳҵллʿл
˵лĻͼˣʿĻ˵
ãԺҪҰæģܿڣҲЦ˵
˵ģ˵æģʿӹͷ˵
ʿûжܶ࣬鷳Ҳ٣ڽ͵󣬾ֱ뿪ˡ
뿪潢ˣСͷɴͬԼǽһҷɴ
Ŷʿ뿪ӰԸܵʿϵƣƶʿǵΪҪ潢ŵôòŹ
ʿԼᣬҲöʡ
Լ԰æǿɲʲôס
ʿӦ£ˣһĳ˵Լ
ݿϱ𿴶һŵʿݣ˺ܶ鷳ֱӼ뵽ŵʿ֯
ڶʿزŵҲҪԴ
ʿû֧ԴҲҪµԴġ
ԶʿΪ㵽ŵʿݣͨŵʿӦĹףԹ׻ȡԴ
ҲǾ󲿷ʿһֱ£ҪԴҪԼ˫õ
ҳ潢ʿ֮ͬʱһϵʿԳ潢ϲŻһ׾ϵͳ
ԺҪŵȥ˶ʿ͵ķӺʿһ
˿ʿǼΪ׽ˣôܽǵķ
ҪȵļȥҪʿᱻܼ£Ϊʿ֡


277 ͻ
ŵĿǶȻݿûĴ뷨
ŵʿǱߣҲûȥϵûȡ
ڵ֮ΪҪ£Լʵòһȵ˷һʱ䡣
ΪʧȥŻϧ
ҺܴҲΪȫĵطҩ豸װ
ϵƽҩ豸ԣҩ豸κ⣬ϵ׶һʱ֪ͨ
ΪԼȱԴ֮ʣ벻·ˡ
Ҳ˵벻ʵȴһѾܾˣס⽨ĵʮ죬ľϵͻƵĸо
˵һֱ˳˳ˮûʲô谭ġ
ϵﵽʮ۷ƿϲʮˣδйƿʱ䡣
ȻֻΪκһʿϣн׽߽ףһΪĹ̡
˵뿪ʦĽ̵ľϵȫǿ
ϣվڽƽ̨ϣԶ
ŵӹĺƽѵõܵƽ͵ĸо
оԼƺԶսԶЩɱɱ
Ȼŵ˶ʿ֮⣬ûʶˣںƯ̫ʱѧԹ¶
ڵǳϲÿѧϰ
Զཻ֮ɫĺɫӳŴֲĿȫĵķ
ҪСе˵ͻϮҪĻᱻ˳
֮ʱоԼľƺһ˿ı仯ȷĸӦľϵҪͻˡ
ǴЦݣڵȵһ졣
н׵ľ˲Сİн׾ܹ̫սķӣһδδ֮
һֱڴžϵͻƣϧԽžϵͻƣԽ޷
ʱ䣬ڱܵÿӢڤ뷨ûȥžϵͻ֮¡
۾иУӦϵͻƵ
ľɨսָһ¹⻨Уľע¹⻨¹⻨žע룬Ϊһ޴¹⻨С
ѡ񵱳ͻΪһ˿ʧ嶼ûƶƽֱ̨ӳͻˡ
ҲõԼᱻ˴ţ˵ڶƽ̨Ҳڰȫϵͳı֮С
սϵӥ˹
¹⻨ס֮ʱӥѾƽ̨ϣǶ˽䱸̬
ϵڣһɫ˸ţɫƺʱϨ㡣
ɫ֪ͻȫķ֮£ϵĪɫҲɫ֮оͻƵ
Ҫģúѵõͻ
ľսָȡеİǾٶöǾĿˡ
һԽʧܹһΣ˷˰ʮöǾǾҲһֱδõ䡣
ͻƵĸӦʮģһβκεıܹʹõֶζˡ
ٶöǾսľʱڣǾ̺аȫֻ˴ľ
Щ뵽˾ϵڣʼһ֡
ڽɫ˸֮£һεĻƹʮ˳ͷʼûгκһ󣬵һʻɣľϵöˡ
ľС룬ȫâǡ
ʱɫȻ˸ת˽ɫ֮ϣɫƵˡԡ
ɫ֡񡯽Ӵ˲䣬ɫ뵽˹֡ڡ
עŹ֡񡯣ڿɫ뵽֡ں󣬲ûгʲô仯֮ʱвһѵʧˣ
֮ʣ֡񡯴⻺ı仯ĵɫ֮ɫԽԽŨ
֡񡯻Ϊ˽ɫ֣ӳճ˽ɫ
ܹ֡񡯵Ӱ죬ꡢǡ⡢־ĸֵĹâҲתš
ͬһ㵭ɫ磬ھϵڳɫĹ֡
ɫâǻ㼯ǶȽâǰΧǣɫĻţϵԭʼâǰ
䡯һоԼľϵڷ˱ըľȫʧأȫ˾ϵ֣Ҳϵ֡
ԼľͶ뵽ϵʱо˾ϵַ췭ظı仯
ϵڱɫԭâҲΪ˽ɫâǡ
һ˿һɫľӽɫâг
һɫϵ֣ھϵڲڽɫâǵľŽɫھϵľֱ״̬
ھӴ֮ʱоر⾫ƺӵĳ
ŵһľӴԾ·ˣͨľȻпľ
֪ŶϿľǶϿľʧȥϵֹ̻ĵӣܿɢ
֪߽׾ϵʿľżǿҲû뵽Ȼǿ˵ĳ̶ȡ
оӵеӦͬȼҪΪ߼
ʮһϵʿˣһ
ǽϲϵ뾫ﵽ˸߽ףļҲû˫ϵ߽׵ʿ
վҪϵı仯ƺû˿ı仯
˽ɲһЩ߽ʿȻǿ󣬵ҲǻӦı仯ûһ仯
šӢڤ뷨ϸڣڴﵽʮһʱһط
طһʹþطΪһӢڤ뷨߽ʱطɼ⡮طӦʮҪ
ûԥʼھϵڻ𡮻طͼơ
ϰĵһ߽׾ϵطͬʱҲǼıط
ľϵﵽ˸߽׺ƿƸӵġطͼʱȴʮֵɡ
֪˶ãһӣֻһСʱھϵڣʧȥʱĸоطͼھϵţ⡣
طͼƻƳɹֻǵһˡطͼơ
طͼƵʼζϸߴͼ˾ϵвϵɢ
ĸ֪ڶʱڣ˴ӡطͼϸߣЩϸ߱鲼ÿһ
оԼһᣬ뿪˵档
԰ٷ֮ٵĿ϶ûκξ壬Ÿոͻƣûеʹþеʱ
Щϸߵãܿ׹
ʵһ߽ʿĵʦͻϵʿﵽ߽׺Ҫһֱ鲼ȫĻطǸ߽׾ϵʿĸ
ÿһ־ڤ뷨иԵĻط
طǻþϵ߽ʿӵܵκιʱԶֵܹþϵ߽ʿ
ҲΪʲôϵ߽ʿ䲻ǿȴҲڸ߼жԭ
ڵΪˡط
þƶ壬žƶûиоκͬа㣬ڿƶ
ƶٶ֮죬Ǿ͵ĳ̶ȡ
Ҳѹָ߽׾ϵʿƶǳ죬ϵ߽ʿҪ졣
Ϊָ߽ʿƶʽͬϵ߽ʿ޷еģҪףͨ׼ﵽٷеĿġ
ϵ߽ʿһϵ߽ʿˡطȫ
Ҳ˵ϵ߽ʿû˿ƶʱڲ£ﵽٶϾǾٶȡ
뿪˽뿪˰ȫϵͳķΧûдףڿɵİš
ļΪãͬķУȾķɵĶҪ
ʮӺɢһЩͣڿУɢ
ԭ۷弶ϵнʿʱľ쵽ʮ׵ľ룬Ѿϵнʿľ롣
ڣľɢţܿͳʮףһǧףڼţǧףǧףһֱǧʮײֹͣ
ƬֻһķſӰ쵽ˡ
ǧʮף㲻ʲôս֮ȴżá
Ȼǧʮ֮󣬾̺Ҳ಻࣬Ҫ͸ͬϵ߽ʿˡ
ͨʵ飬սΪһң֮£ľӵǿƻ
˵ѾҪˣͨƷ޷赲סƻ
ڸ߽׾ԣĲҪ̺Ϊµġ


278 Դ
ûԤϵʱͻƳΪ˾ϵ߽ʿһ⡣
Ǿûоϵ߽ʿԴûӦľϵ߽ԴľϵٶȴӰ졣
ڳ˸߽׾ԾϵΪӣɲûи߽׾ϵԴõ
Ŀǰַܹһǽȡŵʿһ߽׾ϵԴ
һַϵ߽ҩȡϵ߽ҩŴϵ߽ҩԶԶʹ
Ȼڵڶַҩ豸֥ͨҩÿ춼Գʮƿ֥ͨҩ
֥ͨҩԭϣеĺĸ߽ԭϡ߽öһöʮƿ㣬ɾʮƿ֥ͨҩ
ȻҪһЩеͼԭϣġ߽еͼԭϵļֵߡ
Ҫʹá֥ͨҩȡ߽׾ϵԴҪһƽ̨
뵽ĵȻŵʿᣬô˵ҲһСʿ֯ƵĽƽ̨
ѹˡط岻ָ˶ĸӦڵϡ
ͨһ·һľϵ߽ʿɲΪѹơطþϵ߽ʿʧȥ͵Ϯ
طǱطֻҪκεĹԶ֣˿ơ
ʹþϵ߽ʿõκε͵Ϯ
ͬԡطûϵ߽ʿ
ûСطҪ͵ϮҲǼģɻһϵ߽ʿóսġ
Ϊϵ߽ʿϰߣϲŲʵصĸо
鷿ݿת뵽ŵʿҳ档
ںʵݿõ˽ŵʿϵͳȨޡ
ŵʿϵͳܣֱӽ뵽ҳ档
ҳŹԱҪ׵ƷǴԵĲ鿴һŵʿĽƷһЩеͽʿƷ߽ʿƷ١
ڸ߽ʿҩϢһûУҲκһλ߽ʿи߽ҩࡣ
Ҫ˵ϵ߽ҩˣϵ߽ҩҲûС
һ뵽һ£ǾǾϵ߽ʿ٣ŵʿǷоϵ߽ʿö֪
֪ܶоϵ߽ʿҲǴоӵһսҲٻ뵽ս֮С
ϵ߽ʿΪоԱڱֳӦоӦһıꡣ
ռʱֳ˼ǿо˵õϿɵĳɹ
ÿ¶ԵõĪн׾ϵʿԴҪȥȡ񣬾Ϳá
оԱֻǻõļоɹļûչ¶κεо
˵ŵ弶ͨоԴ֮¡
Ȼ֪ԼͣŵʿĽϵͳУʹϵ߽ҩȡϵ߽ҩĽ롣
رŵʿϵͳڻûȥȡʲô
Ȼŵ֣ļ߽ʿȦУ̫ˣŵͨżߵȶȡ
ҪȡҲҪȵ֮ͨµȸһң߽ʿǲٹעʱݾͰȫˡ
صңսָȡö
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רѧϰµľطãݿͲϢ
ݿһƬϢĿƬ⿨ƬڲݣԶͬʱݿܹ׵ʾݿĸܡ
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ڿϢüͷ
еϢȫŵʿĳԱģڿĽϢͨϵͳϵ
Ȿһ£ϢУûþϵ߽ҩģϵ߽ҩġ
ЩʿţĽϢжϳһϵ߽ʿӦŲٵϵ߽ҩ
һϵ߽ʿȻҪͨķʽеϵ߽ҩˡ
ǿеϵ߽ҩǶģԼ޷ʹõģҪȡϵ߽ҩ֮޷ɣǾͳǱҽס
ŵʿᲢûоϵ߽ʿǾϵ߽ʿҲͬûоϵ߽ҩ࣬˵ȡԾϵ߽ʿõϵ߽ҩˡ
ҡҡͷľֱ쵽鷿򿪹Ļ
뵽ŵʿĽϵͳ֮У֮ǰĽɾʵڲܵɧˡ
ӷϢ֮һСʱӵʮϢϢڲϵš
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Щ˰ʱ䡣
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ڶ죬Ӣڤ뷨ʱܵ޷ܵĻûоϵ߽ҩİڤľһּٶš
ٶ޷жʲôʱܴﵽʮľһؿǾ߽ҩ֮¡
˹ˣʿһνһɴѾǵɴˣ鱨ٸʿ˹ʿš
˹ʿŸʿı棬ʧɴû̫
ǿ˹ʿ˹ʿļš
֮ǰŵĴʱһʦפأȻ˵ʦܳʦҲʱ䡣
ʦ֮ҲӴ䵽ͨ
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˹ʿԵԴ鱨ϵͳʿƸȵȡ
ɴʧźܴ󣬲ǸһС鷳С鷳޷ҡ
˹ʿҲףʿڱһε͵Ϯû뿪ŵЩΪŵ֮ɴͳΪ˶ʿĳͲ
лжʿҪַͨʽȿ˹ʿһս˹ʿôûаյ£ȥʿͻ
˶ʮ߽ʿͬΪϣƿʦĵӣܵĴж¡
Ȼ˹ʿ֧֣˫ʵս޼˫ʤҪսʱķӡ
Ǳߵ²Ҫȥ˷ʱ£Щòʧˣ˹ʿЦ˵
ǣˣʿӦ
µôˣ˹ʿ׷ʵ
Դ֪ʿȫأ˹ʿԶʿ֮½˵顣
˹ˣʿŵ򣬴˵һļɴʿͬеһʮһ߽ʿݲ顣
ʿԼȨΪʮһ߽ʿŵݿԼڿǵĶȼٱתʮһ߽ʿʿش
ٶ߽ʿʮӣ˵᲻߽ʿ˶٣˹ʿ°ͣ΢۾
Ⲣ޵ķʸҪŵݿס
˹ʿʿʦӣӵеļŵҲǼٵġ
ɶʿΪǸ߽ʿݿͳ˿ǵı
Ƿǳ⣬ԽĻñļֵߣҪһ׶ѡ
ѿ˹ʿ֪ʿǱҲǼΪϲģÿ궼ȥסһʱ䡣
ʱжϣʿ߽ʿصʱ䣬ǶʿߺĲá
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˵仰һɿµϢڷɢʮĸʿҲɴ˸ս
鱨֯ڸʿָ£չ˶ĵ顣
ֻǵһʼ޷ټȥˡ
ΪͲ뿪ͬһլа㣬
ټǱȽȫϵͳ鱨ܹ֯ڿǲˣǵĻᾪʿʿע⡣
ʿŵֶܳԸ˹ʿҪԸЩ鱨Աȴ׾١
˵ݿϵϢǼ򵥵˷ָĳ̶ȣݿϢҪŶʿԼȨΪϢǺѰŵݿ
鱨ֻֻ֯ܶ뿪


279 
һ뺯͵˿ı뺯ǹ˷
ǵĸ˴֮ķǳԶ˵Щҵˡ
ڿ͸ʵģǹ˷ΪϹĻ⣬Գеתͷ
յ뺯ˣһǵıȫϵͳΪܣʶ£ҪݷǷǳ鷳ġ
ŵʵ뺯ǶԿ˵ء
˵ЦסŹǿˣǱ⣬ŵʲ㡣
ҲסڱУûʹù˷Ʒ
ݿУûһŵǱҡ
ƶʿҲûпǵһ㣬Ϊ߽ʿŵǱҶһײ˶ԣûжٵʵ塣
ȻҪһŵǱһǷǳ׵ģֻҪǱҶһֻ߽еװƷһԻŵǱҡ
뺯뺯һɫı壬֮ʱɫȫϢӰ
и̾弶ĿƼˮƽһ˱ɫӣͿȫϢӰ
Ҫ֪ļҪȫϢӰҲҪһȫϢϵͳģȫϢӰϵͳСҲһֻЬдС
׿ע뺯ϡ
ȫϢӰУһƬޱ޼ʵɫ󣬺֮ϣǴӺƽ׵ľ޴ǷźǵĹԣɫӳ˾Өͬ˲˸ŵıʯ
ȫϢӰʾﱣ˲䣬һŵ
𾴵һһȵĿǽڻӭĹ٣
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رĿǣҪ֪ġ
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һϣںϿԹۿ޴׳۾ɫ
һִͳĻҲǿǵҪʳ
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ͻ˾ϵ߽ףҪŵӴŻȡϵ߽ҩ
ʵǿʿϵģ鷳ʿǻöʿΪö顣
ҪǣҪĿǾϵ߽ҩʿϵ߽ʿҶʿҲһܹջ
֮ʱָһɫ壬ȫϢʧһűǵĵͼ
ܼңΪ׼һײμʽ·ܼϵͳ
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ɲֻʳģиճĵһʣԭ϶ǿͨɵġ
ЩĵǱһ޷׵Ĳġ
ͨ۲ģľûܽĵڲľ͸ĵǣоо뵽ĵڲľˡ
֪УƺǴĳֿռϣĳһռڵתΪҪ
弶ģ̸Ĳûг𻵵£Ͳֹͣɡ
Ҳ˵ƾͿһֱС
ڲҪ֮£ܹõ֤ġ
ڣԸܼϵͳΪһײμʽ·ܼϵͳĳƸ壬ϵͳҪĲɹܼϵͳٿ豸·
ԼһСʱ˻˾ͽҪ·˹
ŵķװʽرֲμӻǼ䷱ģﵽµףһ˫Ьӣʮ֮ࡣ
ͨ۲Լʱģ
ŵӵӢ֮չ¶·壬ɳжȡ
ŵûгͻ
Ŀǽڣ
ӥԼϵȫսսָеҩ豸Ҳ
ļֵƣҩ豸ȣҪ롮֥ͨҩ䷽ȣ͸㲻ʲôˡ
⣬ʵһεˣھϵ˸߽׺󣬾ϵҲ˳ĳΪϵ߽ס
ھϵǡӢѾʼΪϵһս顣
ϵ׵ս飬ʵԼս顣
ҵս飬ټϾϵףԼ͵һ˵ĸ߽ʿСˡ
²żսҪʱŵز죬ҵõս顣
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ʱ˵Ϊ16űˣǶ˺棬ʿĹϵ


280 
ǵģͷϵ
Ǹ׸Ǹ߽ʿӭ㣡ʮĸ߽ʿ׸ʿ˵
΢΢һѧϰŵǣ˻Щϰߡ
ֱ׸ʿֱഥһּΪʽڡ
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Ҫ֪ڸ߽ʿУÿһ֮䶼źܴʵ࣬ͬҲǴŲ졣
ʮĸ׸ʿѾǸ߽ʿǱĴڣʮλ߽ʿҲһʮ߽ʿͿжϳˡ
׸ʿ¶Цݣ֮ԭܼ򵥣ǾܹΪʿѣżǿʵ
ͬһеĸ߽ʿϵʵôЩ߽ʿΪǲһΡ
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׸ʿС˸ơ
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Զ֮ʱͷʳϬţ⣬ڿÿһ죬ضλûĲ
оԱоҲûҳеԭҲ޷Ƴ
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281 
˳潢ڣҷɴûܸоԼԷɴĳڣԴӵõĵһ˽˷ɴʼѾжұķɴбˡ
һ뿪ǣĿĪɽǡ
ǰĿǽʱ׸ʿΪϵĪɽǣ˻ţ׸ʿһĪɽ͵ϵʽ
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˵һϵĪɽǣļĿƼˮƽӿǰĪɽҲҪʱ䡣
弶ķɴĳ潢ٶҲһ
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һֱоԼġƿպšѾǼǿˣƿպš̫սп׻ļɴ
ڳ潢ȴ弶սµ֪ƾһҳ潢޻һ֧ӣа֧潻档
潢ܣ֮ƿպšǿʮڵǿ׽ƿպšͬһͬ
áƿպšԱȣҲûа취ƿպš֮ǰǿķɴ
ļĺĸ߽ʿʹõķɴҲǴװ˲弶
Ҳֻзƶʿ˹ʦ˽ӣһҴ弶ɴӦƶʿһϵʿйأ弶ɴ侫ϵнʿĽ׶ΣӵмǿԱ
ͬн׾ϵʿǾ̬ľϵʿһ߽ʿҪ·ƶʿҲ޷
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ݿȡ˳ֽύĻᣬɲŹ


282 
ȵ¿˶оԱľϵ߽ʿ뿪䵽档
ݿ϶ϵˣЩݿˡо
оһоڶؼԵļżרŵΪĻое
ҪҵֻףҲжƻ׵ķԻҲԶơ
˿ʱ䣬ʱҲˣԼľ¼ˡط
ţһңпᵽĲ㣬ЩֻᵽľΪ֮һ
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ˣ֪һʮһϵ߽ʿȴһĸ߽ʿͬһڽӽʡ
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ʱ䣬ڸղŵĵ飬Լʱһӣô˵ʧˡ
ɲ㣬ղյսһЩʱҲ΢Ц˵ҽܵҽв٣һְҵͣҪʲôҪʲôҶ԰Э
һ²ʿ̬ûзֲʿʲô쳣֮Ȼʿ֪Ҳ뵽еս֮С
ʿﾭʿ֮ս𣿡ŵΰЩ̫˽⣬ʵ
ڳзʿսǺٵģĪɽǷһЩʿսǸּ˼Ļ㼯أһЩڷ¼ֺ󣬻ַͨʽȡ߽ʿ͵ȡ
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˵ʿҲҡͷЦԼϵ߽ʿڿרְսϵ߽ʿȴоΪҵľϵ߽ʿɻܣҲΪϵ߽ʿоΡ
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ȻԸģ⡮֥ͨҩԼģϳɱִͣ
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284 
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ǲֱӵԾ㵽Ѿķϵ˷ԾԴ
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ԭǲ²ģǾӦûл֪ˣŲʿ˵
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ɾϵ̲ûͣû˲ʿλá


285 
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287 
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ⲻܹľûǰ֣֪ΪΣĳָЧľ޷͸棬ǰЩ
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һֻɫȻЩȲҪɫ˳
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ڰеĺɫ󣬱ϵ̴ͷ­ʧȥʬ档
ֻУϵʡĹʽҲҪԼʵôʡô֡
ܵĺɫûΪͬʬ˿飬Ǿͬ˰ģ˵ĺɫ
ֻһϢʱĹǾߺɫʬ壬ʧˡ
һϢʱܹԵǺɫʬĺɫ󲢲࣬ںɫʬ屻ʳ󣬺ɫǵĿֿ


289 ɱ¾
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ϵ̵ٶʵ̫ˣΪ˾ϵ߽ʿٶһε֤
ľԶǧʮףҲžϵ̵ĻΧ
Ѿϵ̶޷壬ֻӰϻ䡣
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ɫа˸ߣǳԾϵʱȴ޷ơ
뾫ϵ̵ļٹȣЩɫ󼸺ϻˡ
ľж죬ϵ̾ж졣
ǧʮ׵ľУľǼ뼴
ɫҲ֪ܣֻ֪ǵˣǵأΪҪڵľǷ
ںɫԣ
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˿˿ɱţĺɫԽԽ࣬ɱҲԽԽء
ռеаϢ޷ӰģаϢԭʼЧ
ɱԭʼ֮һչɱӾɱĲϻۡ
ɱǧʮװ뾶ڵкɫ˫ҲѪɫ
оԼͷЩѣθУŻȼգҪɱɱһ
ദľʱǡڴʱһ֮УڵҪʧصɱⲻٷڣҲɱѹ
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ֻҪκһֻʮʵ飬ܽɱ
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ղŵɱܵĺɫ󼸺ˡ
ӦþǺɫأܹ֪ϢĺɫҲһǧ룬ǧʮ׾ĺɫɱˣøԶĺɫһʱ֮ʧȥĿꡣ
ȻֻҪٸɫһʱ䣬ͻҵڡ
ҡҡͷģ̫зˡ
룬սָȡˡɴɴŴС
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Ϊҿס弶ɨġɴȴ޷
ɴתģ޷ء
ĸ֪԰ٷ֮ٿ϶ڵռвûڣɴڵڴκεطΪ浽Ĵڡ
ռ䲢ûġɴҹеһ㡣
½ɴֽĿ⿴档
ڴɫӵ´ܳĶڡ
ȻзУǾ͵¿뵽ɵ˵棬ҵһԴЩĶڡ
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Ȼ˵մȾаϢľ޷͸ľȴǿͨڵͨԶ졣
Ҳ޷ֱ淽ֻϤһµµĻ㡣
ڼΪӣУƻǳܣΪʱĲ֣ҶҲԽԽС
ƽǾţƽɫƶʽƣҲõڶƶ⡣
ڻвٵĺɫ󣬲ЩɫĻᶼûУںԶʱͱϵɱ
Խ£ɫԽࡣ
þսָȡˡɱ֮СһЩľþٿŷ˳ȥ
˵ʹᱻ³Ľˣѷ̺һЩľġɱ֮С
Ϊؼǡɱ֮С޷֪ɱ֮Сġ
ɱ֮С뾫ϵڲͬķ򣬲֮ĺɫ
뷨ܼ򵥣ҪƬĺɫ
УĿǰܹ֤Ƭǰȫģɫ޷κεв
֪ҪãҪһƬϢ
ɱ¾ڵ½ţĵɱʧûзֻԼľϵڣһɫͼɱ¾ԽԽ
ڵһʱŷģɫͼĪ֣û¶κεв֮С
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аǿʹɱüᣬӵ˿ԺľϵҲͿЩ޷֪ɱ⡣
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һУɱ֮С˺ɫһǰצսսָźɫͨȥ


290 
ľɨͨߵĿռ䣬ĿռҪСһЩȴֳЦ⡣
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Լں˲ٵȻ֪Լջﵽʲôĳ̶ȣȴͨоɫСҳһʹĵ·
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֮ǰڿΪϵһս飬ֻΪսҪܸߣһֱûкʵġ
ɫСԲսĺѡΪûһսҲǿƴɫС÷
˵ˣսսʵӰҲޡ
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ǸȻڵĴˣɫǳս˵Ļͨռ䷵صĹУڿռͨе˴ɫС
ڻı죬ܵ˴ԼӰ죬ֻǿռͨӰ죬ĴɫСӵ˼
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ɫСһͨԾпռƶڣֻƶ̵ܶľ롣
һǿռԪĿǰռԪĴСΪ
ռԪĿռӵսָ˶ԣЩԵСˡ
Ҫ֪ɫСĿռԪܹɳģĳɳԽԽ
ŴɫСԤϵɫСȷʵûһս
ɫСԱǼǿˣʱԼ֣ʱԽпռƶ
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ͨϵķָ֪˴ɫС´ɫСǻۻǿȴҲ֡
ķе
ķŤţַʽӦĺС
µĿռУٸоһ˵Ĺ¶ˡ
Ҫ֪ȻаӥսڣĻУս鶼޷սָг


291 ̽
һʱ䣬ⶴһ飬ֽһͨΣٲĻǲᷢ·Ѩһġ
ҪﵱԼİ֮أʹҪ̽ҲҪһȫĻء
Ķǳ죬ʱãͬҵĿꡣ
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ʿĵ˰㣬޷ġ
Ҳֻķ飬ڴĿռͨг־˻ش죬ʹķ˼ı仯ȫһ
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ʵķΪս飬ϵܹľ뵽ķУԴķʵ
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297 
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ԼٶȣǷǳĵģĸ죬ͬʱٶҲ
Ϊľϵﵽ˸߽ףڱ֡طʱһֱ״̬ٶȸӾˡ
û뵽ǣſʱֱ΢ĵ⣬ֱ۾ȻڵдһǲӰ
˿һȭĹûж𣬿Լȴʮһٶɡ
ʵ屾ʮһ߽ʿ޿ƥеĴڣҪٶһ㶼ѡ
ֻһ㡮򡯣ٶȾɣȻǼ侪
ѾڿϡνطĻ˭ܹסһ
ҲֻǸ뷨û뿪֮ǰǲÿʹϵطˡ
ı䣬ĸı䣬һµ
Щƣȴֲͬ
˵һͨȻôǵܵĸ߼汾̺һ޷ĹʹӵԶܵǿ
һ㶼
ڳӴʱΪǿľϵ߽׺ŷ־һֿй֮
ֽӴһ
۽磬ͬʱҲԡ˸Ȥ
ֻЩ̫ףšǿΪţͷֵĳУûмκ򡯵ţͷ֡
ţͷּҲû򡯣һ־ڤ뷨
ʶйأʶʮһʮǿߣɶаûһ⡣
ʵСˡɲЩͨ磬ҲĲ֮ء
Ϊһ񷨣аģԳΪǿսȴ޷ɾ֮
з̸ּʵķּʵּͷǳˡ
жϣڵϿԴﵽʿĳ̶ȡ
Ȼʵֲ׼ȷϵ߽׵ʵ޷£ƾҲܹӵн۷ʵˡ
жʵʱֻУٶȵļӳɶڡ
Сʿʵһĳɹ
Ѿڻɡ򡯵ʲôˣġӢǿ߼Ķɾ߼ĶҲûֲֿЧ
ȷʵ򡯸ôģΪһûди£޷ġ
ĸ򴫳У򡯵ĵһ㶼޷
ȡһι˼ϵķķģҪһֱŶϢء
Ϣ£ķûʲôģһֱڰ˯Ѽ䣬״̬ķҪϢʱ䡣
ʳ֣ķѹһе飬ŤŤ壬ֻ˸ƼϢ
ЦЦսָеİӥʳﲻҪģʳʹսָУҪʱȻȡá
׼Ūķʱ̧ͷϷ
⣬ʮţͷֽ뵽ɽȣǵϢǿȫʮһʵ
ɽȽĳʮо飬Źһܵĺۼ
ǵûȡһɹʮӺǾһĿȥ
һ㶼Լᱻ֣Էǳ͡
һֱʹõǾƶʹκεطһ˿ۼ
ΪҪǣķϢʹϢй©˵УֻҪ۾Ǹ޵Ĵڡ
˵ˣǱʮţͷַ֣ҲʱԽڡ
ڻûдɱԭ򣬾ǲı¶Լһ־ͻ¶ȫͬսʽ
ʮţͷֵϢʧ񣬼ʼ򡯵
һ򡯵ĵڶ㣬Ϊһ춨˻򡯵ĵڶٶȳĿ졣
µڲһСʱȫһա
ֻһ飬û뵽һҲΪԴ
ϧһҪİڴд֮ҪЩ
һ鱻ģʱ䣬ֻķ¶ʱŻþķιʳʱȫˡ򡯵ϡ
ʮļ飬ˡ򡯵ĵڶ衣
ÿһϸϵͼƣΪˣµĹͼܹ洢ҲΪʵ
ڶõʮʱ䣬ʮʱûжϹ
˶壬ܵǿ
ʹþ£ƾͿӵʮһʵ
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޳ɵڶ㣬Ϊ˸߽׵ʵ
һαסˣΪ߽ʵڼ仨˶ٵʱԴ
ɾ͸߽ʿʱ仹ʿ֮мģ³˹ʦΪӡ
ֻʮһʱ䣬õʮļ飬ͳΪ˸߽ʵ
λ֮аĲʵʵܹ֮ô߽ս˵ļ
ֿϧĿĵ豸豸ĵѾ޷֧ˡ
֮ĵʮļ飬ΪԽתĵЧԽ
Ҳ⣬߽ʵ֮£תĵܣѾ޷ƥˡ
ҪԼҪǵǿĵܣԴˡ
ȻšôһӦԴɲʱһʹȶܡ
޷ˣ֮ǰֳֹȥôʱ䣬Ҳôܣ׼뿪
ȻΪҪһ㣬ȫԼķΪϢ
ҪһУǳлõͼ
֮ǰɲͬˣ֣ڽϲҪġ
ֻҪû⣬ͿɽĳС
֮ǰҪԼһݣһܹϿɵݣѾһЩ뷨


298 뿪
ľսָľע˼ϡ
һ˿ͨ뵽սָڣ۽Ӵ˲Ϲ⻪
ڳ֮ڵţͷּ룬ʱһɫۡ
ʮ͵ȡʥС͵ȴͬʯ󺣰㣬ţͷǷȻɱ˲ٳΧ飬ȴûκεջ
ţͷּܵģ롮֮񡯵ϵüΪƮ죬ζڱ֮
֮ʧȥһ飬ȻУţͷֱּߣǡ֮ɳļ뻹ҪһЩʱܹһѾţͷּͷˡ
ţͷּЩ˵ȴţͷǵ⣬ǲ
ɽ첻֪ΪΣЩܸоʲôõ·
֮ʱоƺʲôʧˣɫɴ䡣
Ȼ˵ԴӼȨȶʧʧȥۡȨ֮ϵβͬڼۺȨϵľ񳹵ˡ
Ҳ˵Ȩȳʧȥˣ֪ԷǽȨȻˣʹĳַʽڼȨڵ
Ǻߣô͵ȡȨȵˣһλˡ
ΪҪʥڵ񣬳ͬΪ룬޷쵽
ɽз˳ϴżۣȨȣȫһʥϢ
ۺ󣬼۱ˢһ飬ľ½
ȨҲһĲΪĶûһ˿Ϣ
ۻǷǳģԶ๦עΪľǼ۵Ķñº󣬿Բ޷͸Ӱȫڸǡ
ⱾΪӼظУΪ˼߷ЧȴԼס
Լʮ⣬ھһļ롣
Ȼǰ֮ǰĳУôϵļԼȨȿɶ͵ġ
˵·ϣŵ·Զȥ
ûеͼ£·õ򵼣ֻҪ˳ŵ·ߣͨһС
һʱһ£Ǿ;ҰޣԶԶĶԼ
һֻʮ飬ʮڸܵϢ󣬼תͷܣû˿ĳɡ
ҪԼô
˿ϵļֿۣ˿еȨȡ
ʵϲϵļۣеȨȣװװӵģȨõһ޷ʹá
˵ϵˣֻҪͲȥ
Щ̫ף׼еȨȣ˴ʮͷܡ
Ҫ֪֮ǰͷëڿʮλʮһţͷʱ˹
ֻǴ˼ۣȨȣѵͱʮλʮһţͷֻҪвԣ
Ҳûа취Ҳȥ׷ʮѯʣ׷ʮҲ޷ش⡣
ǿҵԽɣţٶҲӿˡ
·ϼҰǻ壬ϵ·ʱѾԶ֮ǰĳϰٹˣԶеĵ·Ҫǻ忴ס
뵽ϵǿ飬ĵ·нûʵ޷Զеġ
ӿٶȣ򡯵ĵڶ㣬ٶٴӡ
Ӱڵ·ϻΪһɫ⣬⻹ѹٶȣľҲȫſǲõԼݣ˺ܶĹ˼ɡ
ڷ˼ɽľ֪ǰһ̶֧ӡ
һϲҵԽǻˡ
ϵļһģϵͼȫ˴ɫֶ˶еȨȣȨϵͼҲ
һ·ϤװĳɹȨϵͼƣʲô֮ϳͲˡ
Ҳٶȣ˫ŵأԷеķʽǰ
֮ǻǰҪֵĸļ롣
ȻǼٶȣǺܿ׷̶ӡ
Ϊϳ̶ӣΪ֧ȫһɣ϶˸߸ߵƷƷľţʲô
ÿһţͷָһţͷһţͷʵﵽʮһţͷԿ
̶ʮ󳵣˳һ
Ӻ󷽸ʱʮһţͷֿٽӽϵļȨȣܵϢʱǵɫҲü乧
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Ҳ޿µĳԣһ·ЩǿоʮֹŹ֣Ϣ
ʮһţͷֵĹ̬ȣҲģľǷǳɹġ
ˣһʮһţͷ
ʮһţͷ֣Եţͷ֣ȫӣ
ĸ߹¶ţЩţͷǲʶҲչֳ㹻ء
û˵˵ͷʮһţͷԴжǰȥ
ǲţͷǽľЩţͷֲǳӵˣӵǰһϣʱ³
ʱҲˣţͷֵʵﵽ˸߽ףʮһţͷ⣬ţͷһеͽףһûκаͨţͷ֡
ͨţͷ֣Ҳǿ壬ǸŴ󳵣ЩʵţͷǸ
лǾ̾ģһ̶֧Ӿʮһţͷ⻹еͽ׵ţͷ֣սڴ綼Сˡ
ҲӳĲпᣬûĻҪȫܹ
һһ߿˶ǰʱһر﹪վǰ
֮˵رΪͲţͷ֣ż죬ϲɫë
ĳ࣬뵽μм¼ĺˣľƵǻ
ǰĺ˿ϢҲн׵ʵɺ̶ߵλΪŴ󳵵ģϵҲԵݻ
ļˣ̶ӵӻɣܹ˻ɣ
Ҫȥ΢΢ʵ
һѯʣǲ˻ɣѯʣɲ֪·ͨ֪ĳ
ǵĿĵǲӳǣ֪ܷͬУһΪʵọ́˻ɣнƻиΪ˵
˻ɣҲΪʲô·ϵĸ߽Ұ޷ǳ̶࣬ЩӦӲϾ
Ȼ֪ĳʧԣţͷǶԳΧ˷ɨԭϢǱߵҰ޷׷롣
̶ӵѹи߽Ұ޳֣ʮһţͷǿ֡
˻ɣڵģһгʮһţͷʵҰ޳֣ô̶֧ӾΣˡ
û뵽ʱˣú˻ɣ뷨
ҿͬУ˵˵ɣ˵
Ļú˻ɣһû뵽˵ĸɴࡣ
ͬһ죬ҸöΣ˻ɣһļ룬ԲôƭģʵһЩΪá
֪ʲôңľȴǿԸ֪˻ɣ
ãΪҰһ£˵ͷͬ
룡˻ɣЦָµ˵
ɲ뿴ϵЦݣȻҲǻ޷ǻĳࡣ
󳵣ڵǸɾ࣬ûдţͷְֵζڲֻûгζƺĳϣʹóһֵζ
ĵ˵ͷƤëϡ
ɣҲɣ˻ɣ˴⣬Ц˵
һҪģ˻ɣǷǳõĽĴߵˣʶɱͨţͷҪˡ
ллˣȻԭǺ˻ɣģǹĸл
ɣҵĵͼʧˣ֪ܷһݵͼǳֱӵʵ
˻ɣǳһ£ܿͷӦ
˼ȻҪҲᱣֻǵͼֻһݣҪлһݣ˻ɣεĽ͵
ĵͼǷǳģرǺ˻ɣˣͼΪҪ
û⣬Ҳĵͼһݾ͹ˣеͼһϲͷ˵
˻ɣһ·СĵȡһƤǰ
Ƥֻǿһۣ׺˻ɣΪλ˲Ըˡ
Ƥϵĵͼֻе·Сɽȵȣ¼ǿҰޣȵȡ
һݵͼֵڵͼǺ˻ɣ¼ЩϢ̵ĸ
Ǽݣʲôۣƺ˻ɣҲὫͼóġ
̣˻ɣʮһ㣬ټ֮Ҫ̶ְӣŻὫͼȡ
þɨͼݵͼƸӣԶͼĸӳ̶ȸͬնľɨ󣬾ͽͼˡ
ˣɣ˻˵
˻ɣɵĿһƺ뵽ʲôϵĹɫˡ
ͼԵľн


299 Χ
ˣòͣ˻ɣһԵİȡһֻʳУʳзǰ˵
һʳеʳһֻõСޡ
ԼʳҪṩҡҡͷܾ
⵹飬ʳ޷ʡ
ƵС޿ȥĳ˻ɣϻЩֶεġ
Ʒй⣬Ʒڻٶа
аڴ˵һȻ
⿾ƺõСޱ֮֮ﻹҪദľʱܹаֶͣǾлˡ
˻ɣҲûм֣ʳҲû˵ֻǾš
û˻ɣлڻŵͼϵݡ
ŵͼϱǵķΧǳ󣬳һּ¼Ÿݵ⣬еֻе·УӦǺ˻ɣûȥĵط
עǣûڵͼϷͼƽԭ
֮ǰķģļ䣬жͼƽԴӦﲻ̫ԶŵͼȴûͼƽԭЩˡ
һ㣬ֲÿѯʡ
ͼƽԭ֮²ʲôܣݿǼ룬ô֪ܲͼƽԭ֮£
룬ǰ֮ǰ뷨ǰһУڳ취ͼ˻ɣĵͼԱ֮£Ӧ֡
ˣҲ۾
򡯵ûԴ£޷д򡯻ǻƿء
ʩչƿ硯ܹӳսʮһʵϵڵʩչƿ硯ȴܹԼʩչҪܶ࣬Ĺƣܹʮʵв
⻹ǱصĹƣʵҪսжϡ
̶ӵٶȵҲţͷ󲽱ܡ
Сʱʱ䣬ţͷֶҪϢԿţͷֵжôǿ
Сʱ̶ӻͣ
ɣӣǰ2ޣһλʮһţͷ˻ɣ˵Ĵԣ
ʮһţͷ棬Ȼ˻ɣ档
Ժ˻ɣн׵ʵҪæҲûа취
ˣͷˣ˻ɣ˵
˻ɣǸ˴۵ģɴүţΪ鷳ʱԳ档
ҲûѣӴʱԶһֻʮĸߴڿ
ڸ߽ʵĻֱʮǶ
һЩһǰĶȥ
ǲʩչһΡƿ硯Լʩչþϵڵʩչ
ûľոй©һ˿Ϣʱֻ޾һֻܾӰתӡ
æԼϢһΣﻹˡ
޲ηϵļеȨȣηϢ
һʮֲ⣬¾ȫӳˡƿ硯Ҳһܹսʤֻ;޴Ķ
ûгԣڲ¶Ĺֶεǰ£ⳡսӦЩ鷳ġ
ľɨʮһţͷ֣Լ˻ɣǵϳ⣬û飬Ҳ
ղй©һ˿ϢӦֻи֪ΪĶ޷ˣţͷ˻ɣûз֡
ҪҺ˻ɣú̸̸ºҪ̶ȫڡ
ЩεתԭΪͿˣĳܣö޶η֮Ы
ˣϳϢκ˻ɣСӭ˵
˴ں󣬺˻ɣ˵ʲôڡ
ҲӺ˻ɣ̬У˸ǿҵĹη塣
λʮһţͷֶˣѲ̶֮ʱߵĴԣҪСĵļŲŵ
Ҳ޷Ӻ˻ɣõϢҲֵһ˶ռ󳵡
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ļ룬̶ӵǰٶȸ˳
ˣǰǲӳˣ󣬺˻ɣ⣬ͨ
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л⼸ػ˻ɣȡһֻǮЩɵĵ˹˵
Ҳûп־ͽǮ˹
ľɨǮŶʮöҡ
Щ⣬泵ӦʮöǶʮöҡ
ӦþνĴˣ˻ɣһıꡣ
ˣԭ޷óʵƥı꣡˻ɣӣΪЩæ͵
Ժ˻ɣжϣԾ߶ޣôʵҲ
磬һģΪܶ嶼ǿнֶΣȻǿнʧʼߣһ֮£һǲٵġ
ǿнĺһ޷һڵλҪǿн
һͿԳΪһеǿߣܹΪеǿߡ
׾߶ޣ˻ɣУʵΪ
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˻ɣеţͷֶӣӿŲӰʧ
֮û̶ӽӳǣǿǵӳеҪ֪Ƿ֮ǰţͷǳеͬ
ҪԶԶĹ۲죬ɲóȻӽĹע
Զ̶ʱľһֱע̶ӴֻҪ˻ɣţͷʲô쳣Ϊᴦ鷳
ں˻ɣţͷǱֵʮȷʵǲ֪
ʵϺ˻ɣһţͷĺܺãһţͷֶǿнģڸ֪һЩࡣ
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ֻҪǱֳһ쳣ɲ֮ˣţͷֶ˵֮¡
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ӣּһϣŲӳȥ
еĺɫǴ׶Σʱһ磬Ǵ򿪵ġ
߽ţ˺ϻЩȡ
֮еˣ߶壬޳ˡ
Ҳμм¼һǻ˷ǳóٶȡ
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λļ룬ǻǱŶԼ𾴣˻·
ûǵĿ⣬ŵ·Եĵ̣Ҫҵ鼮֮ĵ̡
߹ֵҲûзһꡣ
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׼Ǯѯһ֮ʱԼΧˡ
ڳлһЩ飬һֱ֪
򲻵ѣǲӳ򽻵ġ
ԼԼ֪ɲʲô룬֪ݽǷǳ鷳¡
ԵԼΧ֮ʱѾֲ˰λһˡ
λһȫŸߴǣǵĸ߶ȴﵽ׶࣬гųìŶİΧϵСΧȦ
üͷһ壬ԼǱ¶ʲôôᱻλһ˶ˡ
ʲôὫȨȵأʵ
λ룬׼Ϊ׵һ˵
ﱣſǰΪȴһ㶼
۾΢΢һУǺ룬ȥ
λһ˵̬Ⱦ˵⣬ǲ׼Ǵеģɲʲôƾ١
ڳлһֱСĵıľ룬û뵽ôͱˡ
Ҳʶʲô׼룬ذɣػص
˽⣬˵Իᱩ¶ڵʼ
ɲˣ׼ǱȥΪ׵һ˻˵
֮䣬һ˺Χ֮ƣ뿪Ŀȫ
ͬʱһϵаϢ׼ˡ
ֵϵԼǻҲ׷ܵԶĵط


300 ɱ¾
̾һ磬Ȼаʮ񣬵һֱſơ
һ磬¶ᱻ׷ɱ
һ棬ҲüԼԻ쵽ͼƽԭ취ش硣
²ɼҪƻļƻ
ҪͼСʧɱ㣡Ϊ׵һ˼û־ܣɴȵ
һ˵Ļȷ֪˶Է̬ȣǽ˵Դ
Ҳٹ˼ɣƺ磬ĵӶСˡ
ٿǷ¶⣬ҲǴģ籾Ĺ
¶ʲô鷳ôȵڴݱ¶أ
һˣҲûжһΡ硯ǵԼڵʼƿ硯
һʩչƿ硯ڻûʩչ
û˿˼չ¶ԼϢʱΪ׵һɫ˾䡣
ȡΪ׵һҪ˵ʲôһΪʱ
ǵһʩչƿ硯ͬʱһˣûбȫʩչ
ʮһϡƿ硯һҲܹ˰һˣĻᡣ
ҲΪ׵һ˵ʲôɡƿ硯ʩչٶʵ̫ˣ쵽Ϊ˵Ļ
һ˫оǰɫ⻪ǵ۾޷ֲǵаڰɫ⻪ֺ󣬳͵
Ҫʩչ޷쵽ȻܹҲ޷롮ƿ硯ٶȡ
ٶȿǿ쵽˼£һеİɫ⻪Ȩų硣
࣬Żְɫ⻪Ĵ
Ϊ˰ݳΪʵļƿ硯ͨȨʩչ˳
Ϊģռȫ⣬
Ϊʮһڻһ˵ʱаЧûоͱɢ
һ˵壬ֲǵڲȫƻ
ϸ΢۲һ˵壬ͻᷢÿһϸƻ
ʩչƿ硯ʵ̫ˣǵһʩչƿ硯ûпסƿ硯ȡ
˵ɨλһ˺󣬼ͣš
ΪվĹԶΧ۵ǣֻǰһ޾ĺڰ
һϢʱ䣬ƿ硯ĹͽˣҲս
һ˰µǣȫΪ˽ڡ
ܱɱǸ࣬Ϊİ뾶ǧʮ׵ķΧڣʩչɨ
Ƭ֮УһˣˣһǾ
һСӳǻΪ
ȻҲϣʲôʮһĹͬΪʮһһǣ赲˲䱻ɱˡ
սȻΪ𾪣ȴѸٷӦ
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ӳǺƬ̣ӳдһļС
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ͷһ۲ӳǣ¶һ˿⣬֪ǺɫâļµĿֲ
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ӳڣ׼ȴţ뵽ӳʱŴϢһݵļС
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ݵļͲͬˣڲк£뵽һλУһΪ
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벻ӻһЩǡ谮ģô׼ԼɾͲһС鷳ˡ
׼벢ûΪᷴڲӳУӳÿһ䣬ֱӰ췶Χ
ڲӳǶһλô׼Ȼͨֽ⡣
һͨʩչһͨʩչ˫֮ĲνǼ
ɲ׼ôҲû뵽ڵȴ֮ʱͻȻܵһɿֲϢϢȻСϢСӰֲ
ǡ׼ھ֮ʱǹɿֲϢˡ
̽鿴ʱĽ
ʮ˿ڵĲӳǣڸղƬУ˽򣬶ûз롣
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ӳǶֵ洦ɼˣеԼڲӳǵ嶼ߡ
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ճڸܵͳ嵽·ֳٶٿҲˣֻܿصʬ塣
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һλΪУһǡ֮񡯵ӣһЦ


301 
˻ɣһţͷͬһ䷿УȻǵϺѿʲôǾŵҲǵˡ
ɣӣѾˣ˵һλڳ˳ͻԳŲŻգһһţͷֳ
˻ɣܵ˼ľţܶУûмε
ӳڽֹߣеǿ߶ˣرǵճֵռȽ
һλ룬λ˻ɣѹֻڳλʵ
ʵʣͿԿ϶һᵽλ롣
ߵļ벢ڲӳǲ̫ͬʱļ롣
Ӧǵģһһţͷֵͷص
ͻ𣿡˻ɣֽ׷ʵ
޷֪Ҳֻ򸽽˴дԳǶһƬûлŵˣ֪Ǽ٣֮ǰһţͷֻش
ܹ̽Ϣǻ˵Ǯõġ
ô£̶ȻҪһʱҲ̶ӿڸаȫľ顣
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˻ɣҲ̶֧ӵĺģκΥ
˵̶ӵ٣ڶţͷֵԭ򣬻Ƿǳùġ
ţͷֱͲϲµ壬ڿҿңԹ
ڳڷ֮ʱûһţͷ뿪̶ӣеţͷֶԺУҲú˻ɣõ˺ܺõĴ
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һ㣬ǶƬûǼһονӳǽ
̶ͬйһӳ֪ĻͲ˵ˡ
µճԸŹ̶ӣЩʧȥ˵ҲὫ˺Ƭ
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˵̶ҲŸոսĻﴦһ֣չĻﻹδʼЩѾҪˡ
ܵ˵ճϢʮǿϢԶҲ֪ĳаϢов
ʱϢȫޣϵķһΪʩ˸Ϣ
лкܶɻΪǰЩͬˣһ˿֮ûС
ġƿ硯γɵķΧڣҲһˡ
һˣĳ̶ֳϣ⹥ġ
ֻǡƿ硯粨ȴΧİһͬģ˲ûоͱɱ
ֱһܹġ
Ҫ֪ľΧİ뾶ǧʮףľսΧԶԶﲻôԶ
ʹþϵľϵɾϵǵÿֻܹһˡ
üٶȣҲ޷ƿ硯ЧһϢʱͽ뾶ǧʮ׷Χڵȫ
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ʱӳǵľԶҲõʹþϵطᱻǱ߸֪
˵Ҳˣھǽܵģܵĵӡ
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׾ϵطʩչľʽҪСһЩ
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ΪĶ̼ͬʱһ̼ͣһʧҲûмֶãڶ̼ʧҲɢ
ȥƺҪһЩҲǿʮޣЩһʱİԵȫͬն
ҡҡͷȻ֤ʵͿˡ
˵ĳ̶ֳȷʵǳ뾫ɻ޷ﵽѹĵز
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ڶ죬ӳѾǶɱƬУʬ屻Ƶ˳⡣
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ǼΪʥׯϵģ˶ڸŲ׼ԼƽС
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ںԶϢҲڹ۲ŲӳǳŴʽڸ֪׵˲䣬ջԼĿ⣬תȡƵ¼豸
ͨƵ¼豸ĹĻ鿴ԶԹǿʦǿڴ򽻵ľ顣
ʱܾԲʲôõѡٿٶҲ޷ĲĲ
ķǷǳĵģĿŹĻһĻͿԿˡ
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֮񡯵־٣Ȿܹò׼뼫ϲ֮£ɴʱȴûа֮⡣
ʮʲôˡ֮񡯵־ͽá֮񡯵־עˡ
һû˿ɨ壬оԼûаصıɨ˸ͨ͸
˲ӳڵΪһɫΪŶȥ
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Ƶ¼豸ҲķķΧڣƵ¼豸֣ôԼҲͬʱˡ
ȻԶ˲ӳǣɵɫǺܿɨλãû˿ͣľŸԶȥ
Ȼûзңۿŵɫɨǿѹסܵĳ嶯ȵ뿪һа
ʵѾ˱ֵ׼ɺķ
ϵķСķɹƭ鷢ɨ衣


302 
˵ģķйأҲš֮񡯵־ܹƵ̫йء
ӳǵ쿪ʼ׼Ͳϵ̽飬ԼʩչΪʩӷʹڵȵġ
֮񡯵־ӳʱܹࡣ
־ʩչϢϢصģⲻɨ׷٣ûзķµ
ɫɨ˰뾶ٹķΧɢ
ʵǳ̣ҲϢʱ䡣
ûлκγɹġ֮־ڿ۳һŻ棬һڿռ

׼ʱоԼ롮֮񡯵ǵϵʧˡ
ϵΪĸʧϵ֮
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⻹ûнദһ
ڵ⣬Ѹӿ
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޷ƭģ׼ԭ˵²׼벻ϣɲ׼ȴ޷̽顣
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ճʼԼˣû׷ӣ֪֮񡯻᲻Լ
Ȼ̫ˣ񷣽ʽϿյĿֲ־Ҳ֮ʧ
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ټϡͼƽԭӦǼΪҪĵطǲܲڵͼϱǳ
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ҵ˻ؼҵĿռͨǷشҲΪĹУûа֮


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в²⣬ټĲӳǣҲûжٱ鼮
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ӳǣֻܹвǰԮôȫʧȥơ
ǴӳиճЩʱѾˡ
ӳΪһʮ˵ĳУ۵ʮλɴʱǰܿȴֻжʮлλˡ
Ҳ˵̶̵ļʱ䣬ӳǵʵ½һ롣
𿴲ӳŲٵˣʮеľӢԴƳġ
²ӳǵʧΪֹٶԲӳǽйӳҲҪʮʱ䣬пָܻԪ
ճǿڳЩ֮УʮرǿӰ
ʮһˣҲͬܵˡɱ¾ͼơӰ죬ǵΣ
һˣɵɱ¾Ϊֲ֮е˶ᱻɱ
ңʮһˣȫڵķ򹥻š
ʱ˵ˣǵסЩһˡ
˵ǲõıɱ¾ͼơȾ⡮ɱ¾ͼơ޷ȾˣǱʩչġɱ¾ͼơֱС
˱ֳսʮǿȫںʲôģȫȫľɱ֡
Ϊɱ֣ˡ
ֻԶһǿάס棬һɢĽŲ޷ֹˡ
Ҫ֣ɱǣճһʹ
ȫһ㶣Щǵͬ壬Щõѡ
֮ǰ컹һ˵ЦȴҪɱǣǽܡ
ֵĻӳǾˣճִе
Ҳ˾ƣдᣬԶһرǻ£һһ˵ˡ
ԶԶųеı仯ԡɱ¾ͼơҲǴΪȡ
뵽ϵڣʱġɱ¾ͼơЩ֮ǰ
ĳʩչһΡɱ¾ͼơֱġɱ¾ͼơڵɱ¾
ûɱ¾ĹҲֻͨɱ¾ɱ¾Ĳ䡣
֪ǣĸ㵽һɱ¾Ĺô紴һ֮;
ʱȻῼô࣬Ӿϵջء
۲ŲӳǣֲӳڵЩԣͬһ㣬û֮ǰвС
һǳ⣬ȻųҲǶԷõ塣
Ӱתһη˲ӳǡ
ճӰʱվڳǽ֮ϣûķڳǽ׷ķ
ûճ׷ԷٶżĲࡣ
˵ڳ֮УǷеģճǱܵģ֮ϰ´ݶߣҲܴܵơ
ճҲǳһ㣬ѡڳǽϱܣҪڳǽ֮⡣
뷨ʵ֣Ҳ֮١
ת˳ǱԸ֪Ŀ飬ҲûóȻĽӳǣڳǽʱʱΧ
ɱ¾ͼơʱ޷ʩչˣһμˡƿ硯
һԵʵʩɱһΪ˸ɱ¾ͼơɱ¾һΪ˲ʵ״̬
ɲڵļȫȻ˼ǱҪ֪ƬѾǲӳ˾ۼˡ
ڲӳǳ򣬲ĹΧڣƬ򲢲ܹΪޡ
ֻҪĻһٴʩչ
Ҫ֪һ汻һδΧɱôӳǾˡ
ƿ硯ֲųǱӿ룬ܿͽǧʮ׵ķΧȫǡ
ȻûκηӦ΢һԥϾתΪ˼ᶨ
һСĳУ֮ǰĳлĺܶ࣬ĳеڣһű֮ǰĺö
Ѿӳǻ̶ֳȣﻹں֮ı֮ôķ񱨸ǱȻġ
뵽Ӱųг롣
סӣҪճûٶȿ죬һֱ׷ڿľٶʱô᲻뷨Ҿ
ɴʱĲӳǣѾΪˣµֻٲ˵ճ
ˣԼļбȥǵļҼڳеλãҪ콫˴ӳǡ
ճгһƬԽ֮󣬲ӳǽΪʷ
²ӳؽӳҲʧȥɵĴͳʧȥ˵ġ
µǣ󲿷ֵ˲ȾԮΪǶһֱ
ԴԺⲿ˽ǡ֮񡯵ͽʧȥǽᱻһܵС
˵ǰ·ϣһ
ȨǰǰжλˣĲԼġƿ硯Ǿϵġƿ硯
Ȿڵķ飬ʩչġƿ硯ɱҪǿĶࡣ
ŵĿǰǣ鼤ˡƿ硯˲䣬еȨϰɫʯ貵İ׹⡣
׹֮У൱˻ȥ
ٶʵ̫ˣ쵽ǻûзӦͱС


307 
ƿ硯ǣһ˾֮ɫǷǳ֮ǰս
һǰȻҲֻһˡ
һȣǴݵĶ֪࣬ʵ
Ȼһ֮˾ԻˣֻҪճͿԽˡ
ʱǵ
رɫһ䣬ͷҲ뵽һܣĹģǵ֮
罫ûճںҪԮǣһ֪ͣڣ赲ȫˡ
ٶȼûܵӰ죬ӻûȫɢĵдӰ͵ǰ
һûҲûд⡣
Ϊȫķʽķ´һķʹϢȫ
ľطΧڣɨĴš
Фڣһʱ䣬һʱ䣬ʱ䣬ФͿԽõƿء
ҲΪճǼһ̶û
ʱĻФ룬ܵķɣ״̬޷ƿغ
£ĴҪܴ򿪵ģѾһּǿķֶˡ
ΪУҲǼ༫ٵְҵ
Фûټһ׵Ĵš
ڣȷ˻Ф롣
Фɫ԰׵ڤ룬ȻܴսﲻæҲֻܾĻָܹ֧Ԯ档
ʱФ뻹εڤ֮У֪˽
ӰһܹߵƷȫսսָ
ǰļԼФϵȫƷŻФ뷢һţһУҲϢʱ䡣
Ϣʱʱ֪˵ճϢ⣬ļ˹Լ˵ϢѾ˳⡣
ûٵ飬շȥ
ڵϷʱֽϷǿⱦʯȡźⱦʯϷȥ
·ճļ˹˶ͣ˽ŲϷɵӰ
ϷеǶ޽⡣
رǵճۿʧȥ˺ⱦʯ֪ӳǳˡ
ϷöʯãκγеҪıʯ
ⱦʯó˷Ŵ⣬þκμҰޣ¾ޣҲⱦʯĴڶҿС
ûⱦʯоҪԲϵҰɧţгǽҲ޷סӵиָҰǡ
ȷʵҰޣͿԷģÿһηҪ
ճֿ˳ڣڵ˵ʬ壬ĶĲҺ
ӳǲд˵ĽУʧȥеĽǶʧԼļ԰ˣҲʧԼϡ
ճоеıʲôʱ˻
Ŀ⿴ļ˹˱֤ļ
ʮΪһļ˹ʧˣҲŭŻᷢ¡
ճģӳǵĳһᱨģļ˹˵
ճûлػĿļ˹ƿʧա
ַͨʽļ˹顣
ļ˹˵Ӿȥ׷ѽ
ӵȷʵǵϣѾõϢȻФʩչ󣬾Ϳ׷ٵλãӲġ
˵ķһ棬ϣܹһλļ˹ѵõĳԽ͵
βӳǵľ޴ʧȷʵżԭ
һλĴڣȻҪ뵽ܵĺ
ļ˹޷뵽ȫѹӵʵսϸŰ˹͡ǿԣˡ
ճæ׷ʵ
˵пܻһӾġ
ҵȨ޷ģӵԼֳ̬ȣǲģļ˹ص
ǸղǴгģ֪Фûг£ճʱ뵽һ˵
ļ˹ǼʱѾǲ֪֮ǰ£ճ˵æ
Ŵţļ˹ûг
Ŀɨɾš
ФҲȫǰӿȥֱ顣
ļ˹ФǰФϢʮֲԾ
˻Ф˫ۣһ˫۾ͲӦǻ˫ۡ
Фľˣļ˹̾һ˵
Фڤ֮ʱľ֣ľܵˣֶԾżǿоȻ֪ζڤʱɸ˺
ֻһţڤеĻФ뾫ܵصĴˡ
ʱһɵӣ¾ιҲ޷ָɵƻټְҵǲˡ
ǷԸ⻨Ѿ޴Ĵۣûδļĺ˵кܴǲֵܳġ
ļ˹ϧĲǻФľû˻Фİкܶ¶޷ˡ
ȾϵҪͨϵҪĳ֡
⣬ҵλãҲҪġ
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ճһϱҪĳУϱļ˹ճ˵
ûеȵճ˵ʲôǴԼ˾ʹҴ뿪ˡ
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֮ǰʮִæûʱ鿴Լ׵õЩʲô
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ϵƿһļۣʱϵǸѾˣӦһ޸ļۡ
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ĵطһõķһйڼϣͿԷ
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ʮϲֻܾмȨȣƷһûУ̫ˡ
ҲŰٷ֮ٵİգʮϲκһƷþѲģǲκ©ġ
ȡֻܴӣǴӲӳڻõġ
ֻܴϣصͼƣľ֪УЩͼסڵ
ȤҪͼסӣŵƷһ
һֻӣ¶һӵİǾɨö֮ࡣ
ǰڴչǾԼֵջ񣬼ûһֻеİǾࡣ
¶ЦݣĿǰܹõʵҲǡ뾫
ûҵԴǰ޷ٴˣܹԼʵҲǾˡ
ǾֱԴٶİǾġ
ǾȻĿǰ޷ϵȼҲԼǿˡ
ִֻӣȫǰǾ֪ӳôôİǾ
ҲûжȣľɨֻڵİǾǾദľʱӡ
ľʱƽʱĿƣҪʱȴʮϡ
ǾϽľʱӣ󱻾еµĴת뵽ϵڡ
һ뾫ϵ֣ͱֱע뵽˽ɫâڡ
һĴڵԣѾ㲻ʲôˡ
εʵ̫ˣǧöǾЩǾ̺Ĵʮֵĳ㣬ľϵڵĽⶼһȡ
ǧöǾͨľʱӣٽ뾫ϵ֣õСʱ
ҪľʱӵľҪһʱģ󲿷ֵʱ䶼˾ϡ
ԸоԼҸУԴӳΪʮһľϵʿľû˴


308 
ŵԶ̽ȥϵ죬ܿͻǧʮףԭ롣
ﵽǧŰһʮףʮֿϧͲһܹﵽǧˡ
ѾʮˣҪ֪ʩչƿ硯ĹΧľйġ
ĳĴڣҪֻҪӳϷɹͣͣ£Ϳóڳ˶ʵ
Ҳϵ̵ҲһЩ
εջ񣬵䰵ǾΪˡ
ֲ鿴սָڵջ鼮֪ҩһЩϵȵȣӳǵļԱ֮ǰСҪ̫ࡣ
ЩƷ˵ûʲôãҲǶһЩղضѡ
սָڵŻ棬ΪŻ֮ǰǵʯƷͬһλãҪΪ沢ûʲôˡ
йƣӦ֮ǰá򡯵ǼƷͬļֻͬ
йһξ飬ĸ֪УŻ沢ûвУĵĽԼľӴ
뾫һӴ뵽˾֮С
оûоţͨӦŻж켣˳ž뵽ľϵ֡
Ҳʧȥ˶Ŀƣ嵹ڵϣл֡
֪ʶĴԣǡ֮񡯵ĲִС
岢ûʧضãܿͻָ
ϵڣżŹֵĸоһ³ֵĻҲΪķ
Ͷ뾫ϵʱš
Ŀǰû̫˽⣬þܹӳʵĹ˵ϵƣսѾ㹻ˡ
һõ֪ʶ֪ͬʶеõһס򡯵
һҲǿĹֶΣĹֶΪƿػ桯
ˡҡҡͷ¶ʧ֮ɫ
롮һÿһϸΪ˹ͼƣˡ򡯺ڵϸͼƣ޷һֹͼˡ
ڼʶ򡯵ǿǰ롮Ƶǿ󹦷ȴʮֵĲʡ
ĿɨһԵľϵף뷨
ϵ׵һ֣ķþϵ򡯲֪Ƿܹʵ֣
ϵھϵ׵ǷܹϵʹõľϵƳɣֻģ壬塣
ȻϵǴԾϵоļ·ں̶ܴĻԭʵҲΪξϵ׿ԭ
ɡȴǴӸ϶ÿһϸиⳬ˴Ծϵ׵ơ
Щԥܿ˾
ϵ޷Ϊܹ򡯵ĻǾͿˡ
⣬ĽϵΪ򡯱٣ôҲʧ˲ֵ
ദľʱӵʧܿͿԲ
Ȼص磬ܹµľϵ׵ġ
ջʧĶԱȣ˾
Ҫǻһʼ֮ͨҪǿĻ档
֮Ƿǳ򵥵ģ֮ǰ̨ת豸ֻҪϻͿˣһϾͿԻá
Ͼ𹥻Ҫر״Ŀܹ꣬дƻ
һ̨Ͻȡ£װת豸ϡ
ֻҪĴСͿɴǿĻ棬¶ȴﵽļޣӦ㹻ʹˡ
ϵ׾սָڳŵһ𡮻򡯣ھϵ׵ǰϣһŻȼš
ľһֱעţ뾫ϵ׵ϵһ
һ򡯣ҪУȾϵ׵ļ󣬾Ϳɾϵˡ
һθӻ鴦УͬԼĸ㡣
ûнһ֮ǰ޷ָ򴫸˵ģϵǸ⡣
ΪϵŹͬķڲžϵ׽θ͵ֱھϵһ޶
ת˳šתʼ뵽ϵ׵ڡ
еϸĸʱϵ׿ʼ˲Ķ
ǻ쳣ı֣ϵͨ붥Ƽγɵ壬ڡ򡯵ڶֽųĸı䡣
ԭϵϵϸСɷӣڱǿнһӦóֵĽ
ϸСɷӱǿм˻ͼƣЩԭ̬ķӣֽĪϸ
ЩϸܾͬƣûʧȥϵǾϵײϵĲţҲûг׵ʧضɢ
Ҳ˾ϵ׵ֱ仯д󶨣ȥ
ʵ˽磬ͲⷽĹǣԽľʯʵĿܻΪ
ϵԭͽ֮ģȻԱתˡ
Ҫ֪ǡ򡯻ǡ򡯣ǳɾֻ֮ҪӵͿ
򡯵ĵһսָеľϵٲ֮ǰĽ󣬶ͬ˰㡣
ھϵ׵ϣŵһɫâǸոոɻ޷ȫ֡
ϵ״սָȡľɨϵףȻͨ뾫ϵף֪˾ϵڲı仯һǶȵĲ鿴ܿ徫ϵ׵ı仯
ϵϵĻǿҲн׵ʵ粻ٶԾϵų⡣
ȻǰǾϵ׵ȫսϵڣûй©
ȴǷ˾ϵ׵ı䣬ԭϵͨһ΢͵ĴϵͳģЩϵͳȴϵͳ
Ҳ˵ϵѾٳ֮ΪףӦñΪ塣
ϵ׵ÿһϸͨϸͬϸɵ壬Ҳ塣
ԺӰӣ״̬ľϵȡһ֡
Ӱ֮ǰľϵףĳ̶ֳȫͬĴڣȻҲܽƵĻס
ӰӵûнֽӰսָӰӽòĻš򡯵ĵڶ
ͲˣӰӿĽ
˵ͼҪǰĳУҪҵİǾ
һνͼƽԭĻᣬôڽͼƽԭǰ跨㵽İǾԼʵ
˹ӳǣڶͼ϶صǣرǺ˻ɣĵͼϣǳǰٳǻ㼯֮ء
˵˹ӳЩԶٶȣСĲ¶Ҳʱ䡣
Ϣķļӳ½뵽״̬ӰΪһ⣬ŵԶȥ
ӳһš֮ĳУļ˹Ѿˡ
¼룬֪Ǳ߿Ϣļ˹վǰ򰣵¼빪ʵ
Ⱓ¼ֻжʵıɲСԶļ˹ġ
ļ˹Ŷ԰¼㹻𾴣ʱվǰóȻ롣
˹ĪҪżҪɲͣǱҲҪЭģ¼΢Ц˵
鷳ˣļ˹л˵
ֻҪ㲻鷳ǾУǱߵԮû֮ǰϣ㲻Ҫ֣¼Цݣ˵
⻹ģҶӵʵ׼ȷжϣģļ˹͵
ֽװϢ˹ȥ˵ӵϢֲ鿴һĿǰλڣ
¼üͷ΢壬ҲûоܾǱ߶ӻǷǳӵģɲΪϣӰԺǰ̡
УеȨܿһɫâеȨ֮ϡ
ȨϻΪһͼƣͼ뿪ȨȣΧϢ
ͼƵϷһͼ
һԾķ֣ĵӵͼ֮ͬ
ͼϵתţļ˹ĳǲӳǸĵͼ
ŵͼ죬ǵķΧҲԽԽֱͼﵽ˰¼ʩչļޡ
¼룬ʲôˣļ˹ûпͼϳֱǣɳʵ
ʧˣ¼ɫΪѿ˵
ʧܵһˣѰĲͨʩչģ˾͸Сˡ


309 
ڸ·е֪ΪҪϢЩǰ˹ӳǣʹļ˹Ҫ׷жʧˡ
֮ǰӳǷ˳ͻһ֮ӳǻ˸࣬ηм˲١
·ķʽû뿪·̫Զڵ·˳ŵ·ָ
ĵͼЩ̫׼ֻͨ·׼ȷĴﵽĿĵء
ԶĳУ֮ǰĴ㲻ͬ˹ӳʱǷ˹ӳЩԾϡ
ӳȣǰһп˵Ĵǡ
עľǳϷöɢͬâıʯ˵ÿһöʯһ
Ҳ˵˹ӳгİɫ籦ʯɫ汦ʯ⣬ⱦʯƹⱦʯǲ֪Դʲô
鼮Ҳˣ鼮ж֮¼鼮УҲֻ¼Ĺ¼
һЩĻ֪ʶ鼮г֡
еκһ¶вУ֮ǰҪǿϺܶ౶
ָоڽӽͻмΣա
ҡҡͷ˹ӳ֮ǲˡ
ͬʱҲΪԼ֮ǰԴоʮֵ˵ҲʮһʵУʮһʵͬһ
һһСǾʮλ֮࣬ǰǣƸǶ౶ˡ
ˡ򡯣ƿˡ֮񡯵ӵͬ޵еʵһʵ̫ˡ
֮ʱһתƵսָڡ
սָڣӰӸոսһ֮Ӱӽ򡯵ڶɡ
Ӱӵġ򡯴ﵽʮһʵӰӵһսܹԱǲġ
һӣӰӴսָгߡ
ˡ򡯵ڶӰӵƤ󣬲ǿȥľɨ֮£޷ٸ֪Ӱ뾫ϵ֮ϵˡ
Ǵ壬һһӵʮһ塣
򡯶Ӱĸʮͬʱ֪ǻԭ򣬻ǸԭоԼӰ֮ϵҲǿ˺ܶࡣ
˿Լڵﲢڵ·ϣûпǻĴڡ
ȻһֱžչǧŰһʮ֮£ʲôǻԼʱ֡
ҲţǧŰһʮ⣬ӵ츳ǿӰӣҲ޷㹻
˵ˣʱȻһۣȫڸסԼݸõġ
һ֪ӰǷ񻹼̳˾ϵ׵֮ʱӰӵ濪ʼ仯
ܿ죬ӰӾͱˣҲӵ壬ͨ졣
ɴϲٶӰٴη˱仯ףͷϳһԽǣҲţͷ֡
ϸϸ֪Ӱӵֱ仯ɲǱı仯
Լʹþ֪ţͷ˵壬֪ţͷĽṹڲͳΪӰӱ仯Ļ
ϸ΢֮ΪĲעȱʧڴȫʲôġ
һϸ΢֮Ĳ𣬹Ʋᱻֵģܹʹþļ룬Ҳм붼ţͷֵڲжôо
һȱʧǷǳòģֻҪһţͷʱţͷֵϸµɨͿˡ
Ӱӵٴα仯ˣһӣһӻڵõļ۴ӰӵϣһֻȨҲӰӵС
ĿŴʱӰӣһļ룬֮ǰٰļ벻ͬ¶£Ǻȡñεġ
ȻΪؼǣֵģҲġ
Ӱӱɵļ룬λɵӵĻФ룬ӰӵļۡȨȶǻФġ
룬սָȡֻռ䱳һֻռ䱳з˴õĲҩЩǿԵɲģ󻹲ŽȥһЩ
Ӱܹ뿪жԶǰľϵף޷뿪̫Զġ
һ뿪Զϵ׾ͻʧȥӦ޷ж
ĻӰ½˹ӳǣҲֻڳбԵж
еĹ۲죬бԵݵߵľסأҪǾֵطɲС
ָоӰ뾫ϵźܴĲͬ
ٿӰһܣ׺ֱܵٶЩˡ
ӰӷԭľϵףΪ˷лǱڲ涯
涯ȴǳΪ״̬ɲ֪涯Ƿܹʹá
ϣ涯ʱתܹ֧Ӱӷе
ӰӵϣҲ˼ڣԭǲӦϳֵġ
ҲĲ֮ͬԻΪתԭϵʹģ޷
תӰϵļƶ˵
˵ӰӵķٶԼķǳ࣬ŷȴܹӰӵŴȵ
Ĳ֪УӰѾ뿪ʮϡ
Ӱ֮ĸӦû˿Ӱ죬ȻͨٿӰӣԿоӰΧһС
Ӱ뿪ʮεĲԣʮ룬֮ǰʮﲢûʲô
Կ϶ӰӵϵڡеĽܵĳصĸı䡣
˹ӳһɽ壬ɽھһɽɽ
뵽ӰӵڣٿӰ˹ӳȥ
˹ӳĴڣѡĳţɲѡĳţ޷٣һԡ
˵ĳţû˽⣬ȻѡΪ˽ĳš
Ŵʮ֣ͨӰӵ˫ۣ˶塣
ݻǷǳõģʲô壬ڿӰʱ൱أӰȽš
Ӱӽź˿ĵ·Լ·ߵĵ̡
ҵΪ٣Զ֮ǰĳǰ㡣
Ĵڵ·洦ɼҲݸ߹߳ŵͼƵĴ󳵣󳵵Ҳ֮࣬ǰţͷ֡
ЩĿЩ࣬˽룬Ҳ֪ಢôܿơ
ҲΪߵ̶ӣõĶţͷǿʹøΪ˵ࡣ
ӰӵľټҲڳжӰӱɨֻͨ˫۲졣
Ұʮ˳ÿһֻҰ޵ͷ϶һͬװε¡
װǺֲƣͼͬģͼ̺ĳĪϢ
жϣӦĳֿҰ޵ֶΣһ·ϿҰ޶ûдﵽн׵ĴڣֶֿҲȱݵġ
߿УҲѰʲôԳۻ̵꣬뽫еĲȫۣѯһԹǾ
ԭǴٵģԶ˹ӳǵʵ뷨ıˡ
ͨĽףǾ˵٣Ҳ˹ӳڽС
ԶһرɣŹȥʣȥʱһ۵ļ˹
λûڵϢжϣһʮļ롣
Ӱվԭصȴţļ뿴ĿԵʮȷ
ǵֵ¼룬ʲô԰𣿡ĵֵ¼΢ЦŶӰһ˵
ڳǷΧڵλ룬ȻǷˣֵ¼ġ
˹ӳֹܵľ棬Ϊһųưٳǻ㼯֮صĴǣ㼯˶ǻҲγľơ
£ּΧ˴֮䶼Ĭ
ɲ֪ĬΪʹӰӲ֣ĳŽ룬Ȼͽ뵽ķΧ
ǻФ룬ҳ˹ӳǣ봦еһƷӰѧŵֵ¼ļ񣬻һ˵
ֵ¼ӰӵĻ֪Ӱǵһ˹ӳǣҲɻһЩ
ֻҪǶ룬Ҳ׷ʲô
Ф룬ҶԳǷǳ˽ģ絽Ǳģֵ¼Ц
˵׼׷ʲôҲܷӰƬߣЩ˲ѡ
ǾʹˣӰҲûоܾͷͬ
ֵ¼Ӱǰ·İСһ˼롣
Ӱӣڵֵ¼Ȼֵͨ¼򽻵ĸ֪Ȼʮ
ûиֵ֪¼жٶ⣬˵ֵ¼벢ûмӺ˼
˵ֵҵϣǴ̸֮Ҳǽֱߵĵֻ̣붯֣ɵĺͷǳֲˡ
Ϊֵ¼Żĵĸŵֵ¼롣


310 
ֵ¼Ӱӷֱӵߣֵ¼еȨϰ׹һ
Ӱڵһûи֪вУûʲôľٶ
ֵ¼ȨȻӶ֮䣬֪ǰϱ˼ˮ֪ϡ
˵ʵʱڳɽɽڵǼ侪ȵģսķҲӵпռ⻹һμǻʩչռ
˵ǿռ䴢Լսָռ䱳ͬֵ¼
ȫͬʣĿռ洢ҪĲϲֵ¼ʩչĿռ洢ֻҪһ
Ҳѹ֮ǰӼϻõƷ˼Ȩ⣬ͱ޳
ԭƷĿռڣǲ֪ռʧˣôˡ
оȣӰϲûʲô쳣ɫ
ˮǷȫһ㶼ġ
ӰӻѾΪĵάжʳ޹ء
ӰϵͳûУǱ仯ˣһϵͳҲǸӻ
ӰӳȥʳֻǱڣκεá
ãֵ¼΢Ц
ҴƷָһκó֣Ӱȡһöˮѧŵֵ¼֮ǰĶȨȻӶ䣬ϳһƷ
ЩƷҩŶֲϣӹҲʵ޷ˡ
ֵ¼û뵽ӰӻֱӣϵƷ֮ɫ
ܹڵĲҩȻرģ˵пŲӳĻۡ
УЩҩûʲôãͬΪĵֵ¼УȴǼֵߵġ
Ф룬֪ǴƷ𣬻ʲôֵ¼ѹеľȣʵ
ʱ˲ٵĲ²⣬λФ򲢲˵⣬ġ
ôƷܿԴФߵġ
ܻȡǾĻˣӰӻش
ֵ¼˸һ£Ǿԣ㲻öôƷ
ǾһãԼ˵Ҫʹ뽱Щͻ׵ǻ
ؼǣФȡЩƷУŲٶԵֵ¼ڤЧԴɲŹôõĻᡣ
Դһ¼ɲۣԼʹˡ
Ф룬ҳǧöǾչƷ֪Σֵ¼Ҳûϵˣ˵Լļ롣
Ҷ˹ӳǲϤ֪ﻹдİǾϢǧöǾô׾ͿԴˣӰӵ˵
ֵ¼һ׻Фʲô˼
ѵλФҪȥٲɣΪԼ뷨оЦ
𿴼ߣܹǻأʵϼʵϣʩչҪġ
Ҫ˵λʱʩչƲǷɹٵء
˵ˣŴǾĵطûʲôϵʲô鷳ҲӰ쵽
һͼ˹ӳǸһͰǾĲֿⳣӴİǾֵ¼ȡһͼӰӵǰ΢Ц˵
Ӱ˵ͼִӿռȡֻӣ֮ǰջװаǾӡ
ֻӣѾжżĿռ䵽жֻӣ֮ǰȡƷ洢ռɲСˡ
죬һˣӰӽֻսռƷУվǵ
ǽƷȡ˳ֻռƷЩŲˡ
ʱ¾ͻˣûʲô⣬͵ĵֵ¼ῴʲôǾǴ鷳
㣡ֵ¼ЦվȨϻӹϵжս˿ռڡ
˵ͣһּӣһֱӰͳ˳ţŷء
ֵ¼뿴Ӱ뿪˹ӳǣ¶˹Ȼ˵ɫ
ǻФһжֻ׻ФΪҪԴȡûʲôõİǾ
Ȼȥǵֵ¼뷨Ӱڳ˳ź󣬾ӿٶȣɽ߶
Ҳɽɽгǻһ
ӰӿռƷڵĶתƵսָڣЩĽǵֵ¼Ŀռ
սָڲȷʵǳ󣬵ŽսָڵƷԽԽ࣬ռҲЩԽˡ
Ҫ֪ӴĶͺܶ࣬һҡƿպšɴټһСƷаӥܹʹõĿռ͸ˡ
һţһȡ˵ֵ¼ŵͼ
ͼϱ˹ӳٹһϿȣϿ·ǳǾĿ
ȥ̽һ£ûʵǿģǾ⣡
ľɨӰӣӰӱսսָ
Ӱӵս壬ͬģӰӵٶȴ޷뱾ȡ
ҪƶӰӵٶȾ͸ˡ
һ߷һߴսָȡǾǾһöö뵽ദľʱڣΪľǿľ
ǧöǾȫҲҪʱģ·顣
Ȼ˹ӳǵĽҲ֮ͬǰģĸ·ˣҪǲʱǻ֡
ǵԼ֣ǵһǴǾ˾֮ж鷳
հǾ޷ϢȫصЧҲķϢһ¡
ϢСķûֹͣϢСҲһָ
ķ꣬ɲġ
ǵڣ¼ɫʮֵѿ
ղʩչ׷ĺļ˹ݣ޷
Ҫ֪ÿһʧܣ¼ľܵɣôܿƣҲ
԰¼ıܹĵģȻͨĴڡ
ǲӴ˵ģǼ鹵ͨĵطʥµġ
ļ˹֮УͣԵͷ׵ˡ
Уһֵѹ
ѹСĵĿܣûɢҪûв񴦡
ɾֱƵѹȴļ˹ľоϾͬſֲް㡣
ն᲻ϢͲӵģ¼ָ˵ǰŵװϢ˵
ĳƺһλ
֮ϵĴڣҲս
λնҲĿǡ
ӵ˫Ǽӵзǻ塣
һǻ壬ֻҪʵﵽȻӵ˷е
ն츳ķԶͬ
Ҳٶƣűץ֮񡯵ӡ
ɺնҵӵλá
ԭǲģɺնΪϱϢӵϢ֡
նɲûʲôµģιǳչģû뵽һӾͱ
Ű¼룬ÿһʱʩչһ׷
Ȼ¼ıҲǺնҪעģԺն¼ٽһε׷
ϢдģӲ֪ʲôȥշޣһ޵޵ϲŷǳԵϢļ˹ʮֿ϶Ļش
Ϣռģˣ¼˵Ƕ츳ĲΡ
Ȼļ˹ǲҷֻ͡
ʲôʱǸͷ¼ҲǰϢҵϢԴֻ̲Թѡ
¼룬ָ˰ɣնʵ
ѯʣǴߴ٣ʱ䣬ն԰¼Ļָǳ˽⣬ʲôʱ򰣵¼ƻָֻʱնͿȷ
¼ЩľеȨȣһǰ˵ͼ
ͼȻȴӲӳǿʼԽԽ󣬰ĵԽԽࡣ
ףȷֲͬļ˹
ͼʾԶʱԵ˵ԡ
ͬȷķһ㣬ͼٷŴ󣬶ǸתƵͼݡ
ҵˣ¼һ˾һ˵һߵ
ֻҪҵӣ¼ЩܵĿͿԽˣټҵҲһݹͣıݹͿô
ͼϵݲϵı仯ţͻᷢǰ˹ӳǵĵ·
ͼʾ˹ӳǵĽ⣬һƶš
ôôԶľ룡ļ˹˵
ǰ˹ӳǣȫ֮£ҲҪʱ䡣
˹ӳǣҲ֪ӻ᲻ӻһϢ׷޷Ч
նλû̫ʱ˷ϣһûҵӣɲұ֤ն׷ȥ


311 Ǳ
ҪӽǾʱоһ֮Уƺ˭ڰй۲һ㡣
ָоʮֵ΢Ҳʮֵ
ɵĿܣľȫſܲϵɨ
ûʲô֣ǲģ֪Լĸ֪жô׼ȷģӰΪ˵⣬ŸѰĴڡ
ȻһЩʱ䣬Ȼûҳ֮ˡ
ܵǣֿӸ̽ʱҲһֱûʧ
侲һЩſܵ
磬粢ͬ飬϶һЩֶΡ
Ϊڸ֪ӣ֮ǰΪûָо
ʱ״̬֮ǰʲô֮
ǳжϣܿͷе⡣
ǰķһֱΪص״ֱ̬ʼǾ˱ӵĸо
һķһķյźٴη
ķֱӸҲ֮ʧ
ķӸٴγ֡
Ѿ԰ٷ֮ȷϣΪ¶ԼϢŻᵼ±ˡ
һߵУ¼׷ϢͻȻҲĿˡ
׷޷ҵĿ󣬾ͻɢ
¼ҳǳʲôʱǵϢֱ׷ٵˣЩʣʲô
Ѿҵӵλã֮¾ļ˹նˡ
¼룬Ҫһͬǰɼᵢ׷ӵʱնʱ˵
仰ð¼ɫһ䣬¼һ㶼ûҪ뵽ȥ˼
ʲôˣǸӣӳǵ״ǶԸӵĴۡ
˵һкնԳ֣ʧֵĿԼͣ¼ȴΪԼǰȫģǰ˹͡룬ǿǱҪһļ룬ڶλǿı±ɱˡ
նǵҪҵػҲְصģ¼ίľܾ
ǰ֮£һ˵ģɺҲӦõĹͣնòݾܾ˵
¼벻¶ɫıȻֲԼԺնûз
˹ҲһͬҴǣնתͷļ˹˵
밣¼ľܾͬնĻļ˹¶֮ɫ
նϺɢγһ̬
ļ˹û˿ԥ¼εĽ
նӰ𣬺γɵλһͬա
նķٶȼ죬һӡǣϵ޷谵пƶӰ
ĳиõĻܵʲô谭ͬޣκڸ֪ϢʱԶԶıܿ
Ҳǻе򣬸ڳںܶǰͱˡ
ûķ£ǹɿӵĸоȻֲˡ
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Ӵǻ࣬ĲС
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ǲӳǵβûнǿڶˡ
ҶԷӦǳԶҪ֪ڴӲӳ뿪󣬻˶ʱ˹ӳǡ
ĵ׷ĵ˵ʵԷǳ϶һ£Ǿ弶׷Ҳ޷ϵٶȡ
ٶȾˡ򡯵ļӳɺƶʱ弶Ҳ޷׷
ڵƽһּǿĵڸ
ԶԶ뿪Զǿˡ
ǰǰǾЩᣬǾܹһЩĺô˵ԷϹҲҪʱġ
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룬ûбӵĻᣬһսָڵİǾһ߹۲ǰİǾ
Ǿһƹţƹһöƹⱦʯɢġ
ζŰǾĲ뱣ж˼鷳
ʵǾķܣ֮ǰͿǵˡ
гļ⣬඼ġ
ǻҰ޶ˣҲʹںİǾΪһҪԴ
Ǿ󲻿ɣЩҰ޵ע⣬ǾɣôȻϢй©ȥǾϢҰ޶һջ
ûҰ޹˼ɵķֶΣôⰵǾһ쵽ܵҰ޵Ϯ
ӰǾڣ֪һλʮļϢ֮˵٣Ϊ֪Ƿ޷֪ǿڡ
ƹӰ죬ĸ֪ر׼ȷ
һʮļϢͷųģƹţǾһвС
ڹ۲ʱ䣬ҲսָڵǧöǾȫյˡ
ľٴεõţﵽǧһٰʮס
ҲڰǾǿˣֱʵԴ
ٴķԼϢأʱٿķȰȫ֮취ٸķˡ
һʱ䣬ץһֻͨСޡ
ŵ͵ڻСĵĽӽ˻ƹ⻤ֵĸ
ϢȫأֻҪǾǻֱӹ۲쵽ͲõԼ֡
ĿǰҪҪһ»ƹ⻤ֵԣ᲻йԣǽһ־䡣
ƹ⻤ֽǾڰǾγһߵĻƹĻڻƹĻʮҵĸ߶ȣƹγ˽ȫĹ֡
þץСޣƹĻһ״С˹ȥ
С޵Ķһͷײȥ㣬С޵ƹĻһӴС޵ͻΪ˰ɫ
С޴ӿе£죬廯ΪصĿƬ
ǰһĻͫײһ
ľҽӴƹ⣬ȴʱ̸֪С޵
СƹĻӴһɲǣСĽṹתˣ̬Ǳʯʡ
Ӱӵת෴ӰǴתΪСǴתΪʡ
ת֮䣬С޵Ҳ֮ʧ
ƹĻʯЧϣȷС޵ʵ̫Ż˲䱻ʯֻֻҪƹӴᱻʯ
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˴ӰǾǱĴ㣬ķڰǾĴŴ
ǾǲûϵģҪȵľһĻᡣ
ͨǾĵ·ԣȴš
ʱһĹȥ͹ҵʱһ󳵡
һţͷ֣ţͷֵʵֻнףҲûǻԱ
ľɨϵĻ־һЩʳġ
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Ӱ֮䣬Ѿ˴·
˵ţͷָûע⵽ţͷرע⣬ƾн׵ʵҲ޷Ӱ
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ţͷǰ˴ţҲţͷ֣ʵͬнס
֪ԶڣֻҪκ鷳λھͻ֡
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Ȼɲϣ֣εǱ룬밵ǿĲᡣ
Ҫ̽ǾڵҵҪĴǾȻЩ뿪˹ӳٰȫĵط
ĵǣļ鲢ţͷԹ󳵣ͨϵͼƷĲġ
ܿڰǾϵͼƱţͷǷġ
󳵽뵽Ǿڣڳ¿ŻƹĻ
ʱСˣ֮ǰĻᣬǱ˻ƹ⻤ڡ
һֵĻɻĿռʮޣһʵǿĴڣܻܿд鷳
ҷǻƹⱦʯλǷĻľͲ㷢
ܹӦģⶼԣ֮ǰĳоС
²þ˫ۣҲܿҵ뿪󳵵ĺʱ
ǾͬһСа㣬ͬȫʯݣֻʯݱȽϼªһЩ
ụ̂·ϵ˶١
һת䣬תĻᣬ뿪˴󳵵ףһʯǽ
Сĵ˳ʯǽϷڵʯǽĶʱҰԿܵˡ
ڵȫͬʯݣǻȫţͷ֡
ЩţͷֵĴҲͬƾɵ·һֻ¨¨ڷھĹߡ
ķⰵǾҪ󹤿¾ţͷˡ
Ҳ֣ǿҲѡԿ͵ţͷ֡
ţͷǿּùõͶߡ


312 ȡ
ĿֿԶǿλãķܵķͬ
λõķľʵģܵʯݣǴͱʯҪΪ£ҲΪ
˻ƹⱦʯһľ¥¥
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СĵƶְǾûжΪˡ
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ľʷݵƬʯ֮ƺ磬ľʷݵûţͷֿ󹤵Ӱ
ΪСˣΪļϢľʷݵš
ľԽƬľʷ򶼸ǡ
Ȼþȥ̽ļλãƿǿ̽ġ
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ľʷڵŲСʵϾס˲ࡣ
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˵һǾǱڼĴ洢ռڣǽɱҲûá
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𵴵һַɱԵʲƳɣڱըʱǻữΪƬڲͷ޴
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ҵλõҲΣɽһȥıǳ
ӰӵıҲõʲôҪʱӰӿԴܡ
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ĵУصĸӦĻһֽӦʱ־ͼ˵ˣһ룬һ꣬ʮ󶼲һ
ǲָӦģڸ֪ڤڤеĽӦʼˡӢڤ뷨
ͬһУҪվϵھŴĴɹġ
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315 
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һ䷿ڣƵ¼豸ⷿеˣܵˡɱ¾ͼơӰ뿪˷ӡ
λĳͻ˺նļ˹밣¼룬ļ˹ʶġ
ע˰¼ϣȻնܹϰ¼룬Ǿ˵¼Ǹʩչ׷Լļ롣
ΪλǱΪ׷ˡ
ʱҪ鷳׷ٵ
ݲæڴеĻң֪ȻȻżΣգΣյȼԵĽһЩ
СĵļˡطһƵ
ľܹһǧ׵ģڴҲֱܹ̽뵽
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նλ˵ķڣλΪĿ㣬Ӱӱսָ˳˷֮С
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Ӱӳ˷ڣֲĻɢ
һӰʩչƿػ桯Ӱʩչġƿػ桯Χֻа뾶ס
Լʩչġƿ硯ȣν
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ӰΪģװ뾶ԲηΧڣȵĻͻȻ֣Ƭȫǡ
ľһֱӰӵϣӰʩչꡮƿػ桯󣬾Ӱջսָ
ջӰӵĺһ̣һ׹˷ϣ˷䱻Χ
Ϣ˹ӳǣûķӦӰӲͬǹɻʵ̫Ŀˡ
ӰӸһ֣ķӦ
ǻóеĻңеơ
ڵһʱ䣬ͼҪץסӰӡ
ֲûץסӰӣ˻Ǵкķʽʮ⣬һ޴Żķȥ
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ļ˹밣¼ҪǰɾǸûжԶͿĳͻǲòͣ
֮ĳͻʱǰܱܿĹʱ޶
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ȻЩʹ÷ǰõķʽȫͬģЧȴơ
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һ㶼С磬Ӵ߶ս㲻δ֪ĴڣֻǸ߽׵սϣǳġ
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Сģ¼ʵļ˹ҪĶ࣬Ϊ룬Ծĸ֪Ϊ
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ɾڰ¼뿪ѵ˲䣬һɾסǡ
ļ˹ֻоܿռһ𵴣ͷɲѣθУΨһܹģǿڵΪԼӳ˶֡
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ӰһֻеĴץסĲӣǿƿ˼ϵķ


316 
ԡ򡯵ӦãôʱоѾ˳Ľ
رʮ֮󣬶ƿҲٴ
һζԸ¼룬Ҫɱ¼룬Ҫ׽
֪¼ʹõʲôʽ׷Լģֻ߻ֶΣⶼҪġ
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˹ӳǣǱݲˣټϮʱϣѡ˿һϢ
ļ˹Ԯļ⺿ҲæԼµɨһۣٲæԼˡ
ļ˹תͷĹˣԼȻûʲô취ԼҲҲ밣¼ڡ
ֻŻɱȥҪ¼ʧ֮¸֪
԰¼ı˹ӳǻԲ᲻ܲˡ
ӰΪѸ٣ųеһԵȥ
Ǳǻ򣬴ʱڿн˫ûȫַֻ֣ͨʽʾԼĲ
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֮ԿԷڶŸʯ뿪Ϊ洢ռκһλ붼Ҫյ
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ҪܹͨԼĴ洢ռ䣬洢ռĴСԼƷй
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317 洢
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ֻһЩԴ֪ʶϣ綼ͬԴġ
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ļ룬ǵõɣҲ޷ѧϰӦ֪ʶ
մ洢ռ䣬ǡ롮򡯣ˡ
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洢ռͼƾ˸ʯİҲСʱʱ䡣
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ҲûʲôɵĵģķһֱţټԶǻΪԼǰȫġ
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318 ӡ
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֪ķǷܹڸסɫӡǣĸ֪УŹֵĺɫӡʮֲ򵥣ķڸǡ
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ɺն˽ԴŰ¼ִ׷˶ˡ
˹شѾնȫѰ¼룬׷նΣĿǰ˹ӳĿ֣Ǻնˡ
Ҫľһذ¼룬֮¶Ҫ
˹شվڴǰѾ˲ٵʱ䣬ڵȴźնϢ
ȷŰ¼뻹ţΪڰ¼бֶΣԼһӡǡ
ӡûм˵¼뻹š
ͻȻ˹شһӦԼõĸӡǱˡ
ִиնϢʮʱҳ֣
˹ش̵ʵﵽ֪¼󣬻޷ľȶ
ǿѹŭ𣬲ն޷ϴȥˣúնΪһ󸶳㹻Ĵۡ
⣬Ƕӳʹޣ¼Ĵߣˡ
˹شӰƮһͼƷǰ֮ͼƷ󱻼
˹ش̣ôпϵҵģ
ͼƷڳһõӰӰݻķۣͼƣͷϴһͣ˸ŵͷڡ
ͷţԼ˹ش˵жϣӦ뿭˹ش¡
λİķ̣֮䲻ʱЩìܣǶ֮˵¡
λ̵ĿɲЩСìϣͼƷҲ˫ϵֱͨ
£Ǻٿֱͨġ
ķ̣ˣ˹ش̳˵
ķ΢΢һ㶣Ĵߣ˴˶˽һЩġ
¼ֻʮȴǻǳǰĴߣݰķ֪¼һĿܹΪҪ
йأķ̲ʵ
˹ش̴ʱϵϢȻĿġ
ӣɱ˰£˹ش̳˵
֮Ը֪ķ̣Ϊȫɱλӣ֮ǰҪ˵ԭɡ
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ⲻܣķ̲ɾе
ʵͰǰӴݻ˲ӳǣɱ˶λǼӳˣ˹ش̳˵
ΪķҪ⣬гŭ⡣
˹ش̣ǲǸˣӲķ̯˵
ʹõǡƿ硯кܶôܳ˹شָ˵
ֱͨͨһӰڰķ̵ǰ
ǲӳҴߴı棬ϸǵľ
ķ̿ϣϣǲӳҴ߻ǿ˹ش̶˵ѡ
ǹŹˣҲ㱣֤ٵΪֹӳֹķ̼˵
ǰµĸӡǣȻӣҲ׷£˹شֽһӡֱͨͨ˹ȥ˵
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Ϊҳ˹ش׼֣߻ҪΪżΪҪҳðӵࡣ
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ɽڶû塣
谵գͷرֵ顣
ĸоУĵƽģҾһʱĳ;Уǿ϶һ㡣
֪һֻʲôõѡǷ̫գ̫ա
̫֮УͿԴӸߵĽǶȹ۲棬֪ʵ
Ȼǵһ£Դ̫Զ棬ԶֱɫӡǺ취
뵽ӰڿնŸ߿շȥ
ϵҫյٶԽԽ졣
ʵڴκ򣬶ԲͿ̫ա
һףףʮףԽԽߣߵĻ谵һֱûκεı仯
ھû˿ı䣬ĴŨʮ׵ĴŨͬ
ȫΥ֪߶ϣ棬ֵȫˮƽġ
Ǹʲô磿ЩңѾ֪ʶϵ
ٴμϷȥɲôУȻڴڣϷĿռ޾㡣
ʱλҲͬͷλöڵۿʱͬ
ٶȣôʱķУӦý̫֮УȻڴС
ָоôɣֻзУ缫ܾͲ̫ա
пܲеĺǣĳĴڡ
뵽˴ӲɽеĲ²ԽԽ
Ϸ֮ʱһɫ˹
Ӱÿɫ磬⻹Ҫġ򡯣ĳǰԤеˣѾɫС
ɫߴȫĺë
һԼΣյӦӦɫĸоͬһ㡣
ͷգǰ޷֪ɫڻ谵֮УշеĻͻܵɫ繥
Ҫ߷ɣתŵ潵ȥ


319 ׷
ȡ˼ݵͼȻ޷̫ȥҪ濼뿪˵֮ˡ
еΣЩ£Ҳڸ߿շУԴ̫δ֪
֪ŴӸĿӸУٿͼҲֻɽһ򣬲Ų׷ٶĵ
һû˿Ҫ˽Ӵ뷨Ҳ鷳ˡ
ǰаµļ룬ݷͬСɡ
֮ǰӳ˸ɾɱ˶λ룬Ҳûô׷ٵ֡
ĸӦУʮ׷
Щĵˣһ㵣ĶûУĵ˸޷
ֻҪ뵽Ϊ˲ӳ֮£ɳһλʦĴڣ¼ȲӳǸΪҪȻɳǿҪˡ
ֻнɽˣ
ϵĺɫӡֻ׷ĵ˲ܹ֪ķɽеҰȻЧ
ûԥתطɽ
ɽΧʱûôע⣬ԽɽҰ޾Խࡣ
ر޵ൽԾĵز
Ҫ˵ɽ⣬ٹڶֻ޴ڣôɽ֮Уÿͻ޳û
ǰĹУòСģôܼޣһ鷳ɲС
նɫȫϢһԸ׷٣ûдˡ
յ¼뱻ɱϢն׷뿪˹ӳǣǳԼĿǰĴ
ܹ֣ô˹ش̻ῴķϣᷢ
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Ϊ˻նǲ߲ݣҪ׷
Ϊˣӵзеټǵһ׷ģ׷ٵСУġ
ڰ׵ĿУնȡ׷ٸӡǵƶС㡣
鷳ˣôɶɽնһ
ɶɽһӴɽֺųɽڲǻӲ
նûм٣Ųֻ׷СӣҲͬΪɶɽԭ׷ٵٶȡ
ɶɽȷʵΣգ˹ش̵Ҫ֪ΣҲҪС
նһԷȻٶһ졣
Ű׵ĸ߶ȣ߶Ϊȫġ
նɲ粻˽ģǼΣյģرǸ߿ա
֪һޱ޼ʵĴ뵹ŵɡ
ص½أǺˮӴǿҲ޷ȫ̽
۵գ֣֮أҲҿ
Ҳڿٵƶ֪˺ն䲻֪˭׷ٶٶȣжϳʵ֮ǿԶܹԸġ
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һСʱͻȻΥɰľֹ
ǰһɽǰĴɽɽ֮رԣɽߵġ
עģǴɽɽһϢʦϢ
Ϣ񱩣ʦǿȫͬ
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رɽ֮УŲʮļޡ
µƶҲĸСʱͻᱻǿ׷ٵ
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СĵɽƶɽͲòͣ
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Ҷþ۾ϸĹ۲ɽ
ֻͨҰ޽뵽ɫ֮УûκεĶ
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²⣬ɽֻʵﵽһ̶ȵҰƣͨҰ޿ӶֻҰްɽžͿԿ
֪ɫ᲻ᷢĲͬȻķԼϢȫɫӾĸӦ͵ʦҰ޵Ŀڱˡ
ûжʱˣ۲һʱ䣬Ӧе׷ǿѾֽӽ˺ܶࡣ
룬һͷţҰޣһʳݵҰޣҲţС
ֻҰ޸մɽе˳ӰһֻŵץסҰ޵˫ǣɽ뿪ԭء
ķŴһЩſϵķԸ
ķĲȻһֱʳﶼõģԳһȦ
ڵõķԲԲһĲչһƬռ䡣
սָڽӰӷ˳ʦҰ޷ǳûķİɲӰӳ֡
ӰڣӰɨŵڵϱεҰޡ
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ȻҰ޵ͱȽϴڲǿյģҲΪ֮
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濴ӰεҰȫһرķӰӵϢȫȻرעѷӰӵ⡣
ʲôǿڣرһֻͨҰޡ
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ӰҰޣĽӽɽţҰһǳ߽˵ĺɫ֮С
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֪ķһ̾ռƶпռƶЩһʱ俴ķ壬֪ĳɳɲС
ķ˶壬úվһСɵǰ㱧סĲӡ
֪ĲǰһٴοǰʱѾһƬȫˮĿռڡ
ķЩǱסͷۻˡ
ΪȡܳԵĵģӹķڿڱ߿ʼССڳ
ľ֣ûˮķڻЩ
ԼǲҪģЩ㹻ķܳʱˣЩҲԴսָһЩҲķ⡣
ʵķҲֻĿǰ£ȵܹش磬Ϳʹùķˡ
ķӵʵΣܹõĽ
ھɨˮ㣬ҵһϵĿն
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ֵˮڣҲҪǵеƶ⣬ھ֮£絽κεط
˳ϵĿնţϷʦҰ޵ϢҶԷע⡣
ĸ֪УŨԽԽŨֻҪܿɣܻڳǾ
֪ɽȴֶĿǰҪľǾӽɽ
Ҫ׷ٶǿΪɽʦҰ
ƾŶԿӵĸӦλ׷ٶǿѾǳˣܿͻϹ


320 ս
նڽɶɽ󣬾Ͳɵķٶȡ
ǿƬɶɽҲҪע⣬ﲢǻ򣬶Ұ޵
նҲˣӡֹͣƶҲĲ١
˵ѾɶɽûɶɽܹӦԵķΧ
ɵնӽ˸ӡʱҲ˴Ϣɽ壬סˡ
޵ǻ۲ߣʵҪѪ
ӵĸ߹Ѫ֮Ϲʱڣӵл֮ܵǿޡ
ʧ磬޵Ѫȴ
Щ޵ĺӵǻޱĽ츳ֻҪŨĻŻдеͿԲϵԼʵ
еٮٮߣޣӵͬʵĿֲڡ
֪ɽɢϢնжϳ޵ʵٲ
Ŀ֮ɫֵǣദġ
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ץסӣ޷Կ˹ش̣޷ػ޷档
ԥɽ˹ȥ
նûнӽɽ壬ɽʹһУɫŵĺɫӰն
ǳţն΢΢һ
ţȻǳǿ󣬵ӵе츳ǷûرǿĹ
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˫ûнҲ轻
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ţҲʾͬһҲԳϡ
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رڳѨıһرİǾҲһμ˴İǾ
һʮ׳׿Ҳ׵ľް԰Ǿް԰ǾܣɵĺԱߡ
ھް԰ǾԣƬ׵ĺɫƬŵϢηС
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ʹҪҵλãҪͨӡǣžǸӡǣҲ޷۾ġ
صˮУȴ׷Сӵĵ
޸Чսеĳţ޲ûע⵽֧СڿԼĳѨ
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ǿް԰Ǿǳţſģһʵ󣬳ţ޵ľҲõ˼
µĽӴ֮Уرǳţ޻ھް԰Ǿʹľ͸˾ް԰Ǿڣް԰ǾΪһ塣
⣬ھް԰ǾԱ߷ŵƬɫƬҲţžϵϵ
ƬɫƬǳţڳΪ޺ѻģȻĿǰ޷ƬɫƬӦĲϣǶڳţ޶ԶǼġ
ҲΪγţὫƬɫƬް԰Ǿһ𣬿ɼƬɫƬӳ̶ˡ
ԣ޵ĳѨ׵ı֡
Ҳֳֻܹţ̫⣬ɶɽڲҰ޵£ţǸһƬǿڡ
Ҫ˵ʹΪֶΣû䣬ҲκһֻҰ޸ðأ˵Ѩˡ
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תųѨķȥûն
ºնǿ˹Ҳûе³ţ޷سѨľٶţΪ϶˿ڡ
޸룬뿪޷סţˣն޸뷢˴
ţ޵ĳѨڣ޸о֣ҪҳղŶþߡ
ͬʱ޸ľҲ룬һŴס˳Ѩ
ļ˿տĶѨҪɾĶѨţĳѨ
ѵţôɾɾôɾҲʲôûаɣ
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ټڳţ޵ĸ֪УѨھֻǻʧȥĶȻǻ͵ġ
ҪǣղţսĺնסţޣΪ˷ǻ͵ȡı
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ţ޵Ӱ֧׷Сӣ֧׷СȫʧˣֻڳţѪԼţϵѪۡ
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رĺն׷˹ŭĳţȫ˼ԼĳѨӰ˳Ѩźնɱ
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նҪȡӡ׷Ŀǰλá
뷨УץסǼҪģӦʱġ
ţΪԼϣѪ
һţǱľӨ͸Ѫȫעı仯
նоȫһ䣬ɴ˸飬Σյĸ֪˾
ţ޴ʱҪնײһ𣬺նеľ޸ϺɫںնǰΪһơ
ţ޾ڽҪնײǰϵƶȻһйһ㡣
һţǴͷϷɳ˽ľ£նǸ֪ΣգҲ޷ܿһţǡ
Ө챦ʯţǣ˺նƣһֻеľ޸
޸֪ǺβƳɣ沢û𣬿ɿţϴĿֲȴ޸ƫ
ڶֻţǽŴӾ޸ÿķ϶У˺ն塣
ն屻е˲䣬һֻҲػ˳ţ޵塣
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նȻ˳ţޣȴȳţ޸ء
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ʮǿ׳䱻֮һܹ
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ܵشĳţޣûȥ׷նĿпնͬһ㡣
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Ҫǰɶɽӵİȫ
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սһӱðֳֻƻĲӵɽ壬µľ֪ղŷʲô
ڳţ޵ĳѨһʯͻȻʧӰɳǿʧĴʯֻصԭ
ڵ¸֪ûΣգŴӵ³
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֪սս֪汬սʮּҡ
ûаҪ̵뷨ǿǴʦǿڣִǰԷܵҲССʮϵʿԶԸġ
Ҫ뿪ϵľ޸ɨ޸֪޸⡣
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޸ĸ֪Уһλǿڵһ֣ȻûǿڵĿƣҲСܹӴƵġ
Ȼ֪޸ǺնǺնΪ˾޴ףɻ֮
޸Ըն󣬾һֱն棬εսѾͬںնɲ֡
ھ޸ɴնָʱƾŸӦһԼľ޸ҲΪκնԸ⽫޸ԭ
ûд˷̫ʱ䣬׷ٵһҪ˶þͻ
˵޸ȥһҲûд㽫ʱ˷
⻹һֱܹӽӴƷЩϧĿһ۾޸׼롣
׼뿪ʱȴǸ֪޸ϵľȻɢ
þ޸ӴǾ޸û֮ǰǿųУľץ޸ξ޸û˿ķͱս˴洢ռ䡣
׷ٹǿˣͷ
޷һλͬڴʦĴڣȻҲ䣬ɶɽӵĽ
֮ǰնȫطɣǾӨţڵѪ֮ʴǿ׳塣
նжУְܼʱ䣬ʱǹҵһġ
Ҫ֮û֮ȣҪʱ޷жˡ
ԽϵʱҲԽ࣬ĻҲԽ
ںնȫٷ֮ʱ֪Եţڷ䡣
Һúޣն֪ԾӨţǷı仯˾֮ɫзһ仰
û֪ն޵ʲôǺǺ޿˹ش̣ȥİ¼룬ֻ߳ţޡ
ӨţǱըˣҲǳţû׷նԭ
Ϊţ޷ǳնˣ㼯˳ţȫѪ֮ţǣûеһʱɱնţǵĺԱҲὫնɱ


322 
ɽ֮УɶɽѾʱˡ
ٶȣΪܿޣʱҲɶɽˡ
ܹĵԭĸ֪УЩ׷ٸӡǵĸӦȫֹͣˡ
֪Ǻԭ׷ֹͣȴѵõİʱ䡣
Ŀ˹شյ˺նϢӡ档
ն֮ڻӡҲ֮Ϩ
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Ĵ˴֮俴ƺƽʵ֮²ϵڷš
˹شҲΪ˽𣬶ɻǿ䡣
ɲţܹһֱɶɽ֮Уɶɽɲǻܹ
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֪ЩɶɽڵΣ˺ܴ˽⡣
Ϊһ·Ѿ޵Ϣбȳţ޻ҪǿܶϢ
ڵĴ֮ѡģԶޣһ䱡ɽ塣
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⴦ɽԼڵģɽǳֱɽڲ
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ദľʱӹͨľʱӽƬɫƬǲ
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˿˿ƬɫƬڣܿͱľʱӾ
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֮ľʱӾɫƬΪɫƬڲҲаشҲûаá
ƬɫƬɷߣǼõĲϣʦϵĲϡ
ڴҲûʵĴڣվޣĴڡ
վһƬµƤΪ˶ٴαĹ
ȻվƤٻվ޵ʹãҲûվƤװ
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޸֮ʱϸϸ鿴
޸ǳأ˰ٶ֣ҲΪκն֮£Ϊ޸µҪԭ
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˹ӳⰵǾĲֿУŵĲǿʱĻۡ
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ţںܶǰʵ͵˾ƿǳ١
ѨڵİǾʹõĲ࣬ǾõİǾȫڳѨڴš
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Ӱӵʵʮϵ֣ǲʲô鷳ġ
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˵ľϵʿȽ٣ӴϵʿԵġ
ԴӴ˿ڻΪо󣬸ڴϵʿ
ЩϵʿҪϵԴôľϵԴġ
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ľӴ洢ռȡǾĶΪȫĵڽڤ룬ȫһֱܶ
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һȡǾް԰ǾʶģԲὫް԰Ǿĵް԰ǾӦ֮ġ
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ʱĳţϵƻǷǳصģ֪оް԰ǾλǳԶǴλãȴϵԺһЩȥѰԼı
ţ޵лһЩϲģ֮ǰΪް԰ǾǼʧˡ


323 
ţ߻֮ʣ֪еľް԰ǾȴͻȻʧȥϵ
֮ǰֱĸоͬһεʧȥϵһֱǿаĸо
ţշһŭһʧȥ˶Ծް԰ǾĸӦһоް԰Ǿʧȥˡ
֪ңԶλóţ޵ĸܣȫڡӢڤ뷨ת֮С
û뵽ʶް԰ǾͨǾһȡ˳
ദľʱҲûпھް԰Ǿȡ󣬾ͽް԰Ǿڡ
һξʱЩԼʮʱ䡣
ľʱŨĺɫӾް԰Ǿڳ룬һͬģгţеľӡǡ
ţ޵ľӡڱ󣬾ͱľʱǿоˡ
Ҳʱ䣬Զĳţ޸֪ް԰Ǿʧȥϵ
ް԰ǾʮʱڣԽԽСֻΪľ
֮ǰʮöǾĴͬһξް԰ǾĴΪʵ
Ҫ֪ް԰ǾܳţӰ죬ֻֻҪţ޲ȥʱǴھް԰Ǿ֮ϡ
ţʱƽʱʶ¶ľް԰ǾյС
Ҳ밵ǾйأǾٷ֮ʮŵŵµᰵǾľ
ǾվţǿڹȻȻľͻճţ޵ľ
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ĵȼ뾫Ӧ£ܹɢһǧ׵İ뾶ΧΪľϵڱǿ̫ľ
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е֪ϵڵâȫͣȻһֱǿѼУʮЩù
ΪûиĻٶĴҲȻ
ʮʿҲˣҪӦĸġ
ٶԴҲٶĿЩ˽֮ʣҪ˵
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ȴΪվĸߣԽɽµľ￴һһ
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֪ܵǼҪģȫĵĸⴿһС
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ҵľް԰Ǿأҵôһ鰵Ǿأ
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ٴνһҲ޲һĵ˶֣ΪֵʸûС
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޵Ŀƺܹ޵۾гһͼơ
ЩĶ뿪ԼĶѨɶɽɱȥ
΢΢һ׹Щ޼ܵٻ
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֮ǰΪܹٻʱץֻޣΪлһͬǰͼƽԭ
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ʮһӣ˵ļ˹ҲԶγɵȼѹʹΪ½
ļ˹ȡ˸ӡ׷ЩѾΪϰߡ
ÿһͻȡӡ׷ӵλһֱɶɽֵطɲļԵġ
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ҪʩչļǱرרΪһε
˹ĹâͼϣҲƥǡ
ļ˹оһᣬǵƺʧȥ㡣


324 
֪ڸӡǵĿӸУӦΣոдԽܵķΧûиıԼķ
ɶɽһ·Уûзֵڶ֧ͬȺһٻҰޡ
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ΪŹ֣Ⱥ뿪ľΧҪһֱȺĶ뿪Ĺؼ
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327 
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ΪķİȫķҲսսָڡ
˵ʱȫûһ÷׵˼ʦ顣
Ȼ뽫Լ޷ֹġ
÷׵˼ʦѾʮˣ÷׵˼ʦʵôҪ˵
÷׵˼ʦľɨһ֮ǰɨ費ͬ˽ľ룬ľɨԴ嵽궼Ϊȫļ顣
оԼƺȫʲô·ûд㣬Լľϵϵֶɾ͸ˡ
ף÷׵˼ʦһһ֪÷׵˼ʦǷʲô
㾹ȻһռҪſռĽƣҪм飡÷׵˼ʦ˵
а֪̾սָӲ÷׵˼ʦľ顣
սָ׼ֻҪսָڵսƷ¾С
Ӿϵڵһ˿սָ
÷׵˼ʦľͽ뵽սָսָɨ
սָڣӥ֪ɾɷһС
æǣ˵ķſڰϣɰϵĳëڸš
ӰӲǱս˴洢ռ䣬ӰģҲΨһܹս洢ռ
ΪӰӲ̬̫⣬֮䡣
ӰҲ뱩¶ܣ⻹಻˷ֵĶڴ洢ռڡ
֪洢ռǷᱻ֣ҲΨһѡ
һĵģǾദľʱӡ
ǰȻԹܶμ飬ʱļûоϵʦֹ
÷׵˼ʦҲǿ۽磬ʲôĹȻӵֻս顣
ӰӥϵϢ÷׵˼ʦȻжȷʵս顣
÷׵˼ʦսָз֤ڰо֤
ľ뿪սָм顣
ЩŹ֣÷׵˼ʦ޷ʲôŹֹ֣Źֲģ÷׵˼ʦû̫ӡ
÷׵˼ʦļУʮϵʿʮһϵʿЩԼǷǳġ
УһλûԼܡ
ʿлϣ÷׵˼ʦջ˾΢Ц˵
гһ÷׵˼ʦûйѯʣ˵÷׵˼ʦûзִ洢ռ䣬Ҳûзദľʱӡ
洢ռڴ磬ͬսָĿռһ㡣
Ĳ²⣬Ż÷׵˼ʦ޷ִ洢ռһġ
ʵ֤Ĳ²⣬пܴ洢ռĿռȫͬĿռ䣬λ涼ͬ
÷׵˼ʦľôǿҲ޷͸λ档
÷׵˼ʦľǰɨһĻ֡
ľڹĻһЩݣȴʱЩ
Ȼ˴мվɸ߼ٶȻ̫ˣ÷׵˼ʦڵȴʱһ
ڣ÷׵˼ʦʵѾû˻ɣ֮ϵҵ֤ݵʵ֤ݡ
Ψһλʦֵģǵôİ


328 
ֶķʦɣ÷׵˼ʦ˹ĻʾϢɵҡҡͷЦ˵
ֶķʦĻϵݣҲЦ
ʿֻӦýʿ÷׵˼ʦЦʵ
һϷӦȻʿǰλʲôݡ
λʦȨޣԿԿʵݣ֮ǰҲ˽ˡ
õģŵŵˣֻǲף츳Ĳ³˹ʦϹۣôģ÷׵˼ʦЦ˵
˵³˹ʦʱûһ˼
ҲаһЩ÷׵˼ʦΪ³˹ʦӣȥ顣
ͬʱҲ֪λʦȷʵ򲻻˵Ļ
⣬ĵһ㣬÷׵˼ʦ˵ŵ²Լƺŵڰ͸߼
ҸʹùԵȨޣ㽫ǰ磬棬ٵηĹ̶棡÷׵˼ʦŵ
ǣ÷׵˼ʦˣ޷ܾͷ˵
ڻңλʦ߳ңһ䷿䡣
÷׵˼ʦΣҿСʮָȤ֮ǰûгļֶķʦʱųʵ
һͿ÷׵˼ʦ̬ȣ÷׵˼ʦ뱣
Ҫ֪ļʦҲмֵģļµĳֻҪȥԻõλʦ顣
Ȼ˼ֶķʦ÷׵˼ʦĵλǶͨʦС
˵ˣΪ弶ǿʦҪļʦЩʦжٸھܾġ
ʮᣬֻԾϢֻжʮ˲ŻӵУľﵽʮڣ˵ϵҲﵽʮһ츳˳Ծ÷׵˼ʦп˵
ҲѹܹļôĶü׷ɱֶķʦ˵Ҳ˵
ֶķʦʵ÷׵˼ʦĸ֪÷׵˼ʦ˵÷׵˼ʦֱʹþģ֪ĸΪϸ
÷׵˼ʦ˵ֶķʦȤ
˵ʵҶʿʮȤųΪϵʦ츳÷׵˼ʦֽ˵
Ϊӣֶķʦһʵ
ղǡӢڤ뷨Ҳ֪Ĳ³˹ʦôеҪΪӵģѵ̵ܹӢ÷׵˼ʦ˵³˹ʦʱȻֳ֮⡣
ڳ÷׵˼ʦ̬ʮģҲеľйأҲܹ
ɱ÷׵˼ʦأǲ³˹ʦļӣŵʿ
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λʦһֱ֣ûᵽ˵ǽŵˣҲǶı
νϱȻϱ߼
һյ鱨Իᱻ߼
λʦ֪һЩҲΪ߼ķ͸©ֺ
λʦԸ⿴ģǿյ鱨ֵǳ
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ЩƵϣıʵȸߣҲš
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÷׵˼ʦһ˵ܹŻǲף
еҲԿ˶ٵΣա
⣬÷׵˼ʦҲµ࿴ǵ磬Ҳ˴鷳
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Щ˼ЦЦҲ֪÷׵˼ʦǱﻹǷ̣˵޷粵
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潢ͨˣеͼʿԣǼǿķɴɶڸ߽ʿ˵ȴ㲻ʲô
˼ʻ£潢ڸ߽ʿУƷ
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÷׵˼ʦҲ֪ŵĸǳǳŻһ弶ɴ˵ӡ
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ʱܵ÷׵˼ʦٶϵĲ࣬÷׵˼ʦķйУ޷֪ȫй̡
ĸ֪Ƕ϶ģ̫ԭʧȻǧ״ֳ֣֮ʧٳ֡
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ҲԼĵжôĶֻ࣬Ǹ߽ʿ֮սֲġ
֮ʱѾ˿ոۡ
÷׵˼ʦһҴսǰһҴ𽢣ͺŸ֪ʶä
Ҵ𽢸һ𺳸У𽢳ȴﵽǧף浥ǷھţŹλ
ȻλҲжϳҲʮ̫
⻹ǿģڿĵطӦû̫ϵͳϴ𽢵ݡ
ʿҪ̫սǿǰսв㣡÷׵˼ʦɫ΢Цѵ
пЦ÷׵˼ʦʵȻս
߽׾ϵʿʵԽǿսԽΪṩǿ̫ս
֮ǰ÷׵˼ʦᵽģǰĿλõķɴ͸ģôܲĶ
ܽˣ÷׵˼ʦˣ˵
ҴΪʿšٿأ÷׵˼ʦЦЦ˵
÷׵˼ʦľʿšȨתƸݣһҷɴȻòġ
ҡʿšҲ÷׵˼ʦصѡģһͬ뵽ʻʱ˾ϵϵͳ
һרΪϵʿʹõĴ𽢣ʿšھϵʿĲٿ£ֻҪһλϵʿͿáʿšʵս౶


329 
÷׵˼ʦλϵʦУټȨ޶Ȼþ˾ϵϵͳ
ľͨϵϵͳȫƿˡʿšȫϵͳ
ʿšϵϵͳһ̨ԼĳϵͳЩϲ
ʮϲɴЩУӶʼÿķɴʻӵй
ӵԵķɴҲֻһңһҷɴˣ̨ͬԡ
ľԶǰ˲ϤˡʿšܣҲΪ÷׵˼ʦĴֱʸоȡ
÷׵˼ʦԣһҡʿš㲻ʲô˵ŵݣҪ㵽һҴ𽢻ʮѵġ
ʿšĴӿոɣ̫жȥ
÷׵˼ʦļʻü䶼Ц⡣
дı棬ʹŵڶ˽ϣ弶
ŵƶȷӦĲԣŷǳҪݡ
Գ֮ŵĽ⣬رѡרΪϵʿƵĴ͸
뾫ϵʿͬϵʿڸ߼жʱõѡͷɴϵʿڸ߼ִͣ
ϵʿȽ⣬ûдﵽӷɴʵǰ̫սǸ߽ʿ̫սսʱĵһѡ
ĴսǾϵʿʵһ֡
ϵϲ÷׵˼ʦ֪ˡ
֮ĺУ÷׵˼ʦϸѯ˹һЩϸڣЩϸ˱ʡ
֪޲ԣҲĶϵΪһԱΪԿ繱ԼһҲ岻ݴ֮¡
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ʿšٶȺܿ죬Լʱ䣬ͽӽһķϵ򸽽ҲͻȻֿռѷ콫
šʿš׼ȵ潢ͣҪ潢
ҵҵҷɴڣ÷׵˼ʦദһʱ䣬ҲûʼľнЦ˵
ЦݲͳΪӳ潢ϵͳȴ޷ӡ
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ֻһܣǳ潢˿ˡ
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ǵŵеһڷ˲ʿϢֽһЩ飬һεķж
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ûǿ룬ǽǵҪȰ˵ʿš뿪
ʱҲû˭ǵˣԼ´鷳
ʿ֪㾭µԭˣ鷳ʣ÷׵˼ʦЦźЦ
ûвֵ뷨ʮľϵʵ¶Էĸ߽ʿЩҲĶ֡
ЦˣҲΣΪԼɸ񣬾ͱ͵硣
ںò׻Լķɴȴ˰ռˣӦصڵԼġ
ڳ潢߰£׼ΪΣ
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潢ԼķɴáʿšĻǻ˳潢Ҳʧ˷ɴ
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ٶȶȻӿ죬ͬʱ̼ط˼ʿ⣬ĸ߽ʿͷ­̼С
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һСĵģһɣзŤ˼ʿĲӣӦ
ҵϵʽԺн˵鷳ʲôʣϵҡˣ겻Ҫϵңһڸ߼ĺפأ÷׵˼ʦȡһſƬ˵


330 
ӹƬƬǽƣ÷׵˼ʦϵʽһƬ
ͬΪϵʿԸ֪Ƭһɾ÷׵˼ʦľ
Ӧ˵÷׵˼ʦľ÷׵˼ʦƬ
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÷׵˼ʦ뷨ʮּ򵥣һ鱨ãһ棬ȷʵ츳ڣϧ֮ġ
ı棬÷׵˼ʦͣڵ֮ϡ
µʯǻкԶʱͱ
÷׵˼ʦˣˣָһ޴˵
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ʿˣ÷׵˼ʦЦŶ˵
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֪֮УڲǸһ䡣
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ףľ֪޸ڲֻһֵľз
ԭеҲΪΪľ
ʣľʱγһŻ״ûǳʲô鷳ͱľʱӷĹâ
ȴȫë𣬾Щ֮С
ŻвУ˵Ż漫Ϊ΢ɸĸоʱԽѹһ㡣
Ȼ޸л֮ӡǣ
磬ľʱľ޸Ǻֱ
Żڴ类ľʱɾ磬֮־١
ɻǵһ񽵵Ḷֲִ́ÿÿ뵽𵴡
֪ǣ޸һ֡
ڻ֮УҲǼΪ޵ġ
ʹõĲҲѰġ
ȻҲǷֵȼģն޸ǵͼžԵ̶ȣȴûи
ĵͼҲҪǿ̫ˣֻٶֵڻӶвƿͬڵķ
һնԵѪΪĳţޣնԲӶ
Ծ޸ҲȤģȻûѧϰ޸ʹ÷ⲢӰʹþ޸
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뾫ϵ֣ھϵڣĴһԡ
εĴķϲ࣬жϣҲֻǧöǾ
Щжϣܹľʮ۷ˡ
Ҳһջû뵽Ӿ޸лܹõôĴ
âǣڴâǵһɲǣ͸о˲ԡ
ܵġӢڤ뷨ת뵽רעľڤ״̬
ΪͨĴ֪޸еľ˺ն޸ʱľ⣬л֮µӡеľ
ºնˣ־ɢ޸лǲ˲ٵľ
ΪͨʵһǺնľһǻ֮񼶾
Ե뵽âʱֱâǵľ䡣
Ӣڤ뷨תţâϵĽɫâ˸ʱâǸһ㴿ʹﵽ˱״̬
յһ㴿ڵȼԶľ
ͬһˮбһЩ߶Ⱦƾ㣬ն֮ĴǸ߶Ⱦƾľˮ
նȻսڳţ޵£նĹرǶԾоȳţҪǿ̫ࡣ
նǻܹӴһЩ뾫ص֪ʶ
ʹúնľǿڳţޣټϻǿĻ֮µľʹþ޸ȡĴƷԶԶ˴Ӿް԰ǾȡĴ
ƷںϽâǺ󣬾Ʒ½˺ܶ࣬ľƷʣҲһμ
ֱӵĺһεĸ˽
ϵڣֻǶ̶ʮӺ󣬾ͲϵĲ
âʮСھϵڲԳɿռ䣬Եӵ
âԺ󣬽µĴȫա
ڤ״̬šӢڤ뷨תӹŽĳɹ
ǵģһνˣһεĽһͻȻһûκԤס
ȵӢڤ뷨۾дŲŵɫ
ԼľԼľͬˣΪʵԸ֪̺ǿ


331 
ϵʮļˣԼĽ޷ŵ״̬Ѿܵʮļǿ
ĴУŶԾĸЩһյĴ
ľȥϢɨգﵽʮǧײͣ
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ʮļĽĵȼ
ʮļ츳ֻӵ츳ʿܴﵽʮļ
ʮļǳΪʦΪؼһڸУʮļǺĳԱĻ
ʮļĸ߽ʿҲִǿ߽ʿʮ弶ĸ߽ʿ״̬ٻӴˡ
ȶһ˼Ժĵ·
Ŷ֮·ϵġӢһ֮·Ϊƽ̹ġ
Լġ֥ͨҩҪԴ⡣
ĸ߽ʿ߽ͬʿڴʹͬһָ߽ҩ󣬾Ҫǵָ߽ҩĿԣõԽ࣬ṩЧԽ͡
ദľʱӣÿϴȫиͲҩĿԲ
ͬһָ߽ҩõЧή͵⡣
ϵҲģĿǰˣҪʮٻҪµĿޣ֮ҪԽƿҪý˵ˡ
һ֮·ǾϵġӢڤ뷨ҲĿǰȼߵ֮·
˵ʮļľϵΪӦѡ֮·ֻҪٽһͿԳʿʦ
Եڣŵûиûд
˰оҲһս;ϵʿǰоĺĳԱ
Ϊؼǣǰоʮļϵʿ
밲оʱ̫ˣڼ밲оʱϵĵȼʮһʱ仹ûļȡоԴ͸̸ƾ谲оԴĵȼƵʮļ
оǷԸʮļľϵʿĺ˵ԸṩԴҲ̫ࡣ
ͨʮһϵʿԴѾԶԶˡ
ܹ֮ô̵ʱڽʮļΪ磬ԴܵԴ
ĽҲðգΪ˸㵽㹻İǾðűǿ׷ɱķա
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ʶϵһ֮·ֻһͿԳʦ磬·ʵΪ鷳
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֮ǰ֮޷ȥҲΪǿҵĵ
ص˴磬ȫԶҪĵ豸ͨĵ豸޷ôüĵϵͳǿõġ
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ľﵽʮļ˼άٶҲӿ˺ܶ࣬ЩͷֻƬ̾ת
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Ҫνʮļϵ£Щûǰȡ޸÷׵˼ʦʱֽһ޷ˡ
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ʵϣʮļϵʿľԣľϵط̫١
Ҫ֪ܹﵽʮļľϵʿһλǴĺʿԴ봫С
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Ȩ޹أ÷׵˼ʦڡʿšϵġ
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ǰڶļʱܹһЩһƷ弶ʱ䣬ûпƷ


332 
ɫƬ֮ʱǶʦҪ˵ЩʲôǶʦûпڡ
Ҫ̫ͻˣǶʦҪоһºɫƬղŶԺɫƬķֻǱķ
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ˣ밲оγȥʱЩ뿪ǰа²ܹȡԴ
Ҫ鷳ˣЦ˵
ȡԴǼ򵥣ԴûйԱֻһ̨ȡ豸
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˵ͷֿ˿ԼݿõĹȫ˾ϵ߽ҩ
ǰʿҪ˵ЩʲôѾˣҲûжȰʲô
ǰʿÿ°ƿĸ߽׾ϵҩʮһľϵʿԣҲˡ
׿ԻȡĶܶ࣬ȫȫһ߽׾ϵҩֻҪ㲿߽׾ϵҩ׼ȡǿװԼĳɹʲ
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ǵ˵ĽǱȻģҪ֪ǵ˵ϸϡ
Щͨо飬֮׸ʿ˽⣬뿴׸ʿ̬ȡ
׸ʿǿǸ߽ʿ쵼ߣҲǵİȫ
Ҫȷ׸ʿվǵ˵һߣĻļҿɲᰲ
ǵǷǳʿˣ·ЩԵǵһλʮʦλʦ궼ڱչ֮Уǵ˵񣡡׸ʿ˼һ˵
ʿǲǵ˳ͻӢʿ²⵽е鷳ɳʵ
ǵģǵЩìܣ˵仰ʱ͸֪ܸ߽ʿ
ʿ㲻õǵ˵飬𿴿ǾЩ߽ʿ漰ǳ࣬ɲǵܹǵģ׸ʿЦ˵
֪׸ʿʵ׸ʿȫûǵˣƺԿžԵġ
ѽźܶǵ˳ǷˣǲڿµģӢʿ˵
ԣû֪ǵ֮
õ֮أЩǿʦԼȨ߲סڿǣǵرˣĶ͵
ڿ㻷ܹͨһ
ҾͷˣЦ˵תͷӢʿʵ빺ǿǿ豸֪Ӧô֣
Ϊע£ϵʵ
ŵûиоǱߣҲûʲôѡ
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¸ݣͬ޷ڡ
ʿҪҸ׸ʿ뱣˾ĹϵǳӢʿָһԵӢʿЦ˵
ǿǿ豸Ұ򱣿˾ǱʣӦòʲô£׸ʿӹ˵
û˵˾ܹŵҵģƼˮƽǼǿġ
Ҿǰллˣ豸ҵȽż׸ʿӹעЦ׸ʿ˵
С£С£׸ʿ˵
ƺΪ˸׸ʿæ˫Ĺϵһ
ʿûзֽĸ߽ʿһλ׸ʿü˵
ʼҲû⣬ڸ׸ʿѺľɨһλʮһŮԸ߽ʿλеԼɪʿ
Լɪʿûʵ
Ҿû֪ͨϴ̬Щ֣ºһϵܣֿ֧˹ʿģ׸ʿָ˵
һ֮ǰԼɪʿΪλе⣬ԭ
˹ʿʿϣƿʿĵӣλ߽ʿ֮ľڰȻ
ԭʿǱذܵľ棬Ĳ֣öʿŻŵ
Ȼеϸ޷֪Ƕʿ˽ŵģסıҲǶʿͣȻԲ²⵽һЩ¡
˵Ϊθ׸ʿҪиľ
˾֮ͬžֻҪܸЩ鷳׸ʿǷǳԸ⽫Щ鱨ġ
⣬ҲΪҪһ㣬ǾǸ׸ʿǰ;żģ⽫Щ֪ҲһͶˡ
׸ʿлл׸ʿʾл
׸ʿ¶Ц⣬¾ʹʮһʮļľţǿ˹ʿʿ츳ǿ
õĸл׸ʿʮָˡ
ۻշǳãΨһڶ߽ʿģڳŮӲȤø߽ʿҪ뷨ˡ
˵βμӾۻᣬӰ쵽ϵҲõԼҪ鱨оûа


334 Ϣ
ӷ·صֻع鵽ÿճ
ڶ죬ѧϰ֮пǰѧϰǱġ
ʼ˽µĵһϵӢ
˵ӢΪʦĵӣĺôǵõȫ׵ġӢʹΪӢȱʧ޷
ҲΪʦܵĲô֮һ
ˡ֥ͨҩöǱңȫ֮С
һεԼٶƺ˼ٶɡ
ɵٶȣɵģ
ϳ˾ϲ֮ɫȻ֪ٶԭ
ĽУϵȫգѹڡ
ͨռѷص˲䣬ϵӣѹƵķŸĸ
ֻû뵽ǳ˴Ӱ죬ҲΪ㱻˹ɱˡ
ٶȣƺʮϵԶˡ
ꡮӢϤɫҺϴˢ壬ָ״̬
֮׶
һ׶ٶͬɣΪԼϵһ
Ļȫṩ˾޵޵ҲΪĻ˸
ɢָǿ塣
һԵѭɵͬڵ
Բ׼ģǾ޵ķʱ䡣
ǰΪԼ׶Ļھ޵ͼת֮γɵǷǳġ
ڿռѷ֮Уܵ޵ٶȣƺԼ֮ǰ֪⡣
׶תռѷе޷ȵġ
޵ȷǿռѷ죬ôķٶǻ֪Ҫþ޵
Ȼţȴ޷ıʲôҲԼԽĿռѷ졣
˵Ϊ޵ṩḶ́ȫĸҲõ൱ķ
˵ϵʿǿھ޵
ϵĶ֮Ǿϵڤ뷨ˡ
ȡһƿӰоõĸ߽׾ϵҩҲһڤʱʹðоĸ߽׾ϵҩ
˵ȥʿţһʮļľϵʿȻʱûʹù߽׾ϵҩ
ӳΪϵ߽ʿͨá֥ͨҩһϵ߽ҩԸһĶһһ
նһĽҲûгɹǳһһ塣
ϵ߽ҩУӢڤ뷨ʼת
ȫĵڤţһġӢڤ뷨۾¶εĿЦ
˵ʵϵ߽ҩЧǲģľϵЧ˰ٷ֮ʮҡ
հǾٶȸͬնֶԱоʮֵܡ
ȻҲʮʹþϵ߽ҩ״̬ǳ̬ͨľʱӾǾٶȲǲġ
ͨǾڤЧҲˡ
˵Ǿ޷ãҪİǾʵ̫󣬸ͨ׿Իõġ
ҪһЩҲҪöϵİǾס
˵Ļ޷֪Ч
ҡҡͷǱ֮ǰʵҪֿ
ʱ죬Ȼ֮ǰĵǵ˲ûж
˵ʵںǵʲôֻҪǵ˵λʦǵ˾ٶĸ߽ʿҲ鷳
ʱ׸ʿǰݷãӭӳȥʱһɴͣڱԱߡ
ʿ㾹ȻһҴ𽢣׸ʿɴĵһ仰˵ʿš֮¡
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Ϊ˾׸ʿȻϵҴ𽢡
ͿҴ𽢵Ĳŵ֮УӵһսҪġ
ǳ鷳ͨĸ߽ʿܹ㵽
ܹӵսҲսսһֱǹܿƷ
𽢶ھϵ÷׵˼ʦԣֻͳɶڸ׸ʿĸ߽ʿԣҪݡ
¸׸ʿžҲûսԼݡ
һλǰ͵ģ޷͡ʿšĻش
׸ʿȴĿǰһе˼
ܹʮļϵ߽ʿ֮Ϊǰģ˵ʦĴڡ
һλʦ͸𽢣˵ʦĹϵǳôܽôսͳ
ڸ׸ʿеļֵһֻж츳ţۺ񱳾š
׸ʿвԼһΪµĹϣǰ˾һЩ׾豸
׾豸ܹǿ豸ٸ߼豸Ͳܹˡ
æµ˼죬һûֱͣŽ̨豸˻
ʿҪ豸Ҵˣ׸ʿЦ˵
ʱ˷ɴĻմ򿪣̣Ϸ̨зɳС豸
۾һͿжϳ̨豸Ĳ򵥡
弶ĿƼͨĵ˴
׸ʿлĻҲ˵ˣҪٷת㣡˱Ȩޣû˿Խ̨豸ͽȥ׸ʿ˵
豸ֵʲôҵޣ˵ǱһܹԸ߽ʿӰĵ豸ҪǿģҪˣ׸ʿЦŻ˵
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Ҳ߶ŵ˼׸ʿЦӦ
ңΪ׸ʿһ衣
ò裬ǰоİɣ׸ʿûкȣֻһ¾Ц˵
Щ˼֪֣ҪӸ׸ʿ˿֪оŲ֡
ҴӰоȡģӦǰ裡ҲûԼĹªš
Ҳֻʿ̬ܹ˵ĳɾͣ׸ʿûгЦ˼ɵ͵
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ͨһЩǵ˵ϸϣϣܹЩã׸ʿ棬һϷݿ˵
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׸ʿˣԺʲôҪҰæľ˵صͷ˵
ܸ׸ʿʲô̬İȷʵģ֮ˡ
Ǳѣ׸ʿ¶ĵ΢Ц˵
ãʮļϵʿ飬ݽҲо֮ǰ¶ֵˡ
һ£׸ʿţƺЩԥ
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ģҪ뿪ǡ׸ʿ˵
ԭΪǸ׸ʿû뵽Ȼ˵źܶĲ⣬˸׸ʿȴġ
һʱһֱ˶ԼɪʿõһϢ˹ʿڵ֣Ҳ֪ҪԸʿҪ㣡׸ʿ˵
лл˱ӣ֣ص˵
ϢʮҪǳԼΪʿԭ˹ʿλŵĶŲСìܡ
밲оҲΪѰ󰲶оıӻÿ˹ʿ˼ɡ
ڿ˹ʿΪ˶ԸʿΪ˶Ը׸ʿṩ鱨ֵ衣
˹ʿԭǲôעģ˵ʿŻعŵŲСϵ
˹ʿǼΪģʮһĸ߽ʿ־ͿԴ򷢵ģʲôʱܹɽ
ȻҪʲôרΪƶʲôƻ
ȻлĻ˹ʿҲֽ
Լɪʿʮļ˿˹ʿÿ˹ʿ
ʱ䣬ʮһʮļоĳ
˹ʿԲʿȴ
ֻʮʮʮʿʦֵܶƴϣܹȶԷӶõϣƿʦصǽʦĻᡣ
ֻҪڿ˹ʿԴΪעģ˵ֶʵżЧ


335 ź
ڿܵ鷳Ҳϰˣ翪ʼ鷳ûжϹ
ʦҪԸᵣһЩֻһλʦĵӣһһʵʮĸ߽ʿ
¿˹ʿǺʿıҲ֮ǰǸˡ
ţ˹ʿܹʦǰԸ˹ʿԼʦ
Ȼڸ׸ʿǷǳлģ׸ʿܹôҪ鱨֪ǰ˷˱͵ϮΣա
˸׸ʿͲ鿴̨豸
ڱ˿̨豸㲻ʲôȴǵͬԴ
̨豸ս˴洢ռ䣬Ȼң̨豸ȡҵһǡ
̨豸÷ǳ򵥣Դſϵͳϵͳǿ豸Ĺܿء
þ̨豸װã׸ʿĵ׼˸ʮ弶顣
ûӦʱĵģڱУ̨豸ʹõǱ
̨豸װԺą̃豸Ƿǳġ
̨豸ʳʱ豸ʮϣЩȲһЧ
豸ǰ豸ĹĻһ
ץסˣ˸ţ·˲ȫΪ˻ҽ
嵹ûܵ˺Դڵÿһϸˡͼơڵˡ
ҲߣһĵԶԶ确
ġҲܵӰ졣
ֻǳʱûв
ת򡯣ٿ񱩣룬ĵҲٳ֡
еüͷ΢壬ڣȷʵġܹˣյٶȼ
ٶҪʮʱܽһ
ľڹĻ㣬˶
ڶһ£ֽ֮ļ߼弶
һֱ弶ʱŸоٶȶĹ㣬ʱͿԽʮ
ȻЩʧѾǴӾҵĵ豸Ҳʮ豸ûá
ľ飬һҪĵܸǿ豸Ѿǿܷʮʱ
ɣţš򡯵
ϵ߽ʿ￴һޱȵľ
ϵ߽ʿܹ֮ǿΪڵγһ֣Ϊ߽ʿṩ˼ǿķ
ֻҪ֣޷˺߽ʿ塣
ɴʱȴûеһ˿ȫϵڡ
ȫӴĵܹɱһʹĸ߽ʿ
壬ڽΪʿȫͬĵ·
ַܹʽǿľٵԼЧΪСʮļЩڽһδ֪Ľ
úˡ򡯵ģԱҲְ֧ġ
ֻҪΪͿˣ֯Ҳ˹ʣÿ¶й̶ŵǱ룬֮ǰˣ޷
ȻֻǼԼټӰӵ裬ÿ¾ҪһΡ
Ӱӷ˳ڽ̻Ӱʹû豸Ӱ
ӰҪÿһǡ򡯣ǡӢ
ɲӰӷӰҪڴ£õΡ
⣬ӰӢ󣬻һҪĹÿǿķ塣
ЩڶҪˣֻҪźӰӣӰӶᰴٷ֮ٵִкá
ӹȥһʱ䣬һϢİӡ
Ѿϵļ߹ң߹Ǳ߶ṩʮָȤԼʱ档
ʱ䣬Ҳͨǵĸλ߽ʿ˼߹ҵ
Ҫ˵ļ߹ңڸ߽ʿлǷǳ֪ȵġ
߹װκһλ弶߽ʿУǸ߶ݳƷһ޷ʸûеݳƷ
߹ҵҪʦԼ߽ʿ
˵߹ҵĲ٣ᰲŵ֮
֪˼߹ҵʵǷܹϵ߹Ҷû˶ġ
û뵽ˣ߹ǱԸ档
ȻĵصֻǼ߹ңҪü߹ҵŵǸʵġ
ڽҪȥлʮ˷ܵġ
ӦƷȫ뵽˴洢ռ䣬Ĵ洢ռ㹻
⣬ӥķӰҲ뵽սָڣսָȫճˣЩսлǷǳġ
׸ʿӢʿԼʶļλദĸ߽ʿкˡʿš뿪ǡ
ԼһռתվӿǳҪԾܹԼҪʱ䡣
~~֣
ʿšھ˵һԾ㣬ֺСʱյһͨþԮźš
Ԯźź󣬾ˡʿšɨ衣
üĴɨϵͳܿͽǰɨˡ
һһһĴͻ˷ɴӴͻ˷ɴӦ̫ʯ̫Σա
嫵̫տƽʵһֱΣصġ
ʿšǿսһЩǻ˷ɴķ£̫ΣʱͺܹЧӦԡ
ɨϿͻ˷ɴֻƺסˣﻹ
Ŀ˸һ£Ȼܱáʿšɨϵͳϸɨ˶Σ쳣ĸо
쳣оԣ޷׼ȷжϴͻ˷ɴľԮź壬ֻѡ
˼Ƭ̣о˾
Ŀǰܵĵֻһǿ˹ʿһǵˡ
ĸõ壬˵һ£Ǿβûʦ롣
ʦĻҪԸͲòʲôˣʦҪԸһλ߽ʿֶΣλʦҲˡ
ȡһͨĻ״ϣʵʵǲҪ׵ģ̫ж׿Ϊṩϵǿ
ɲȫľϵʿϵʵȻСܶ࣬սϻõġ
׸㵯嵯ָоá
ʿš˻գŻ˷ɴķȥ
̫У˹ʿӰ̰֮⡣
ڿ˹ʿԣʮ߽ʿǵ϶ӡǡ
ʮ߽ʿ߽ʿսС飬鳤ʮ߽ʿԱΪʮһĸ߽ʿ
ο˹ʿǵܹȨޣ߽ʿȫսʵǿսС顣
ټʮ߽ʿϵװﲻʿһȴ߽ͨʿҪǿϲ١
߽ʿɹսܹʮļĸ߽ʿ
ͬ˹ʿڣʮ߽ʿȫ豸֮С
豸ܹӰ쵽ϵʿĸ֪ŵĺڿƼˣֻṩԼִʹá
豸Ĳ⣬޷γĿǰҲֻʵƷ
˹ʿһֱǾ֮ˣ鱨˷о
ΪȻһλʮļĸ߽׾ϵʿڶ̶ʱдʮһʮļǷܹﵽʮļϵʵǸʡ
˵ˣûиʮļϵ߽ʿǿʮļܹյĸ߽׾ϵطҲǼ١
һ˹ʿͨڰо֪ûдӰоõ߽׾ϵطĴС
˹ʿķһʵΪСʮļ߽׾ϵʿ
Ȼ˹ʿΪ׼ΪƵ塣
Ϊ˹ʿҲǻ˴ۡ
ŵ߽ʿս飬ҲֻǵһΣ֪ŵĿƼˮƽжôǿ
ǿ󵽿Ӱ쾫ϵʿĸ֪ʮļľϵ߽ʿҲ޷֪׼ȷΣա
ľʮļϵ߽ʿǿʼһ쳣оС
ɢĴͻ˷ɴûʲô⣬ƻȱڴײġ
Ƿ壬ҪȾȳסա
գһĸоմ̫꣬йء
ľ˴ͻ˷ɴĵطմӷɴƳ׼ءʿš


336 
׼ת뿪ʱƬͻȻ˵⡣
ٶٿ죬ڲʹá򡯵£Ҳ޷ĳٶȡ
˲ͱûˣϸСš
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Ȼ̫׵ԴܺģҪܾ
ṩĺô˹ʿΪóܾԸֵõġ
˹ʿʱ䣬ڵ׵ʧȥȥ׽Ա㿽ʳҪ֪¡
뵽Ի׽һʮļľϵ߽ʿ˹ʿͲٴЦ
ɿ˹ʿûпǣ̫ģȻϵĻױȫƻ˫ȴ
̫ڵڸ߽ʿӰ죬ȴģûм粻ϳԼ塣
ڸǿȣжǷ档
תӿ壬˾ϲ
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ʹƵ豸ĸоֻͬҪ豸㵽֣ʱͿԽƵʮ
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Ҳ֪β˭豸Ҳͬ뵽֡
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תţӿڣһ̵̡
˹ʿŻϵʾ̫׵ܺڿš
ЩۣЩġ
Ȼܾģ㵽ܾɲף֮ǰԶʿ֮ʱ˲ٵܾɱȶʿǴĸࡣ
ÿ˹ʿĵǣܺĵ̫׶ǲЧ
ڿ˹ʿܺ˵ģȻΪԭ
֮ǰʵУ̫׿ûжʮļľϵ߽ʿʹùȻûпԶԱȵݡ
˹ʿʱѾ룬εݽʱ취ͨεݱһЩܾġ
ֹͣôʱ˹ʿûг֣в²ܿйϵ
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ڴӸ׸ʿ֪Լ˹ʿֵܻϢͲѯϡ
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ɿ˹ʿûйʵʵУҲûһλ߽ʿӵЧ롣
𿴾ϵ߽ʿԽȥףľսΧҲֻǧס
ЧĹ󣬶Ը߽ʿ޷ֻܶԸеͽʿˡ
ԶһЩ룬ԸнʿЩ鷳
ͬġʩչƿ硯ǼĹڴĹ
ƿ硯ھΧڣһƬΧͬĹЧ
ȻҲڴһʩչƿ硯ʹˡ
ֻʮһͨղŵ̫˷֣ƺڴͬʵʵĵȼ㡣
˹ʿ뵽׵ľ룬ǼΪȫġ
û뵽ľΧﵽ˰뾶Ϊʮǧ׵Ŀֲݡ
ΪİȫǰȴȫС
ʮ߽ʿΧţ鳤࿴һۣó˽
סʵǿֻҪʦͻʧȥ
λ鳤֮ʱһƬ׹⡣
λ鳤оȫԣּʱȻֵܹ͸ڡ
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˵ʮһʮĸ߽ʿ͸˵ˡ
ʮһĸ߽ʿڵУֻ֧Ƭ̾ͱȫƿƻڵ
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Ѿʮļľϵ߽ʿֶԸûзʮ߽ʿϵطûжãͽλʮ߽ʿ
Ŀ⿴˿˹ʿ˹ʿҲ֮С
˹ʿǳƣ֮ʱһ뷨̫׳⣬Զˡ
뷨ȫ޵̫ĿûнĿǰʵ׶Ρ
ټϿ˹ʿҲоԱֻ̫֪ʹã޷жˡ
ɺܿףⲢ̫Ϊϲû̫׵Ϣ
⣬̫ײ磬û
˹ʿϴĻףǼװ˷ֹΪһ£Զݵǿн뵽̫򣬶ڲĵ˽й
ɴʱĻ׷ֹȴ޷ﵽԤڵЧ
Ȼûзֹ˹ʿͱԵ޷ˡ
˹ʿŻϵķֹЧжһԼĴ
δֵ֪緶ΧǳƾŻ޷ɳȥġ
˹ʿҲԼ߽ʿȫˣЩҪ۲սϾм߽ʿ״̬ݡ
ʱʮݶˣζʮ߽ʿѾ䡣
˹ʿи̾һһεжʧˡ
ȻȥҪܽһʧܵԭʿֶҲҪҳûжԼİΣڵģܽεĵʧ
ʿһΪϣƿʦĵӣ֧֣˹ʿӵеıֶΣȶʿá
Կ˹ʿûеԼİΣֻǿϧԼҪʹõһƷ
ƷǼģżǿ츳ϣƿʿǱҲ޷õƷ
˹ʿӿռƷȡһӣӿУӷ˰׹⣬֮вԡ
ĸ֪ǳ֪˿˹ʿߴ
һǿ˹ʿʹĳıֶΣǰʿҲʹòֶӵһġ
ӿٶȣɲÿ˹ʿߡ
ʹˡ򡯣˹ʿȥᱻ˷
ɲΪܵ׷ɱ²׷ɱȥоҲܹܵġ
ǻټģ˹ʿٽӽִ򿪣¶˵
ʱ޷УĿ;Կ֪˼
ͬʱ˹ʿ¶˼֮ɫ˼ôֶΣҲ޷¡
ΪԽǷŭͻӰ˼жϣһζ֡
ķҽǼһ˹Ź֮ɫԼϵķ˵
Ըķ֮ʱѾ˿˹ʿԱߣ˹ʿӰŸոʧ
˹ʿΪԼɹˣû뵽һֻԽеս顣
ķսǿɿ˹ʿڿռܹͨͲˣ޷ӵս
ķӰһʧССצץſ˹ʿ³֡
˹ʿ׼ܿռѹȣоһᣬһϲΪѾɹӳΪⱣӵЧ͡
ɵ̧ʱȴҲ֮ǰͬļɫ


337 ջ
˹ʿĴһƬͿԼʹ˱ϡеıôûܹɹ룿
ûȥܿ˹ʿʲôľһУͽһʮ߽ʿʬеĽȡ˹
ʮ߽ʿжŽϧֱûзӽá
ڵΪԸ˹ʿֶΣǰҲӴ弶Ľǵһο
Ϊ˶ԸʮļϵʿʮһϵʿĽ˹ʿӦòʲô¡
ľɨ˹ʿϣ˹ʿϵԻ˲ʧס˶ʿĲӡ
ڹرպ֣ͼ
ľһֱעŽУֽЧʮǿڽк󣬿˹ʿĸ֪ȫ롣
ҽѡ񽫱ĳһλĸ֪ţÿ˹ʿ˵ͿԿ˹ʿ첿ĿȨ
ſ˿˹ʿȻ˹ʿ׽ˣҲҪЩϢ
ǿ˹ʿɣʿì֣ΪλҪҳ֣ʵ
ʿҵĴԸó⳥ȡҵ˹ʿøɬԼ
Ĵ˼άϵתţֻҪûеһʱɱôлϣ
⳥ϵĶҵսƷ΢Ц˵
ľɨ˹ʿ壬ϵƷȫС
ûоʹ˷ŹԼϵķ˵ͷķ˿˹ʿϡ
˹ʿЩֵĿķ˹ǼǵþССӿռͨץ˳
ֱСɽռͨδš
ڿ˹ʿУķδ֪أиоʮֲá
ķӿ˹ʿĶȡһССĳ壬԰ٷ֮ٿ϶ľ֮ǰûзⳤ塣
˹ʿҵսƷ¶Цݡ
þӿ˹ʿɨõƷлҲвĶȴûпռƷ
Ҳ˿ʲôɡ
֪ͬʿһСĿռƷ˹ʿұȶʿۺĺʿôûпռƷ
ΪѰصƷҪ˹ʿǹ⣬һңɲôĵ¡
ķͬƿҪҳӵƷʹÿռֶصƷǼɵ¡
ʿҿø߽׾ϵطȡҵ˹ʿɺ֮ɫܿɫµ
ϧˣҡͷ˵
˹ʿֻǵῼʹø߽׾ϵطȡ
ĸ֪У˹ʿһߣɲŹֵˡ
⣬ʹˡƿ硯Բ֪¡
Ϣһزȥҵʦϣƿʦ֪ɱң޷ӹʦ׷ģ˹ʿܵɱ⣬е
Ŀſ˹ʿ̶ֳȵв⡣
Ҫ֪Ǳʦǿڶ׷ɱʱ־˳
ΪʿʱȻ鷳κһλ˰ĸ߽ʿҪΪḻΣա
ǱǲңҲȥǵģ˵ϣƿʦҿɲڼҵľ£ὫԸϣƿʦ˵
û˹ʿ˵ʲôԭӿ˹ʿ֪ΪҪ׽ԭڿˡ
ҪԼϵõʲô뵽ǵԼɪʿǻعʵʮļ󣬲Ŵ˿˹ʿټҪԸġ
Ӧʮһʱʮļÿ˹ʿעˣεץ
ûԼԻɱ˹ʿԴɱǿ󱳾ļ룬˻ķ׷ɱС˺ܶࡣ
ڴ߿˹ʿ֮ǰսɨһҵ̫豸
˹ʿķֱӣʿšɵһǸڿ˹ʿϼװһװã趨Ϊǡ
˹ʿͨʿšĵڵȥٶȼװṩĶÿ˹ʿźǷȥ
¿˹ʿΪʿźܶǿطϴŽڵϵֱҲֻܿԼԽԽ
ſ˹ʿӰԽԽԶ뵽˺ǵĹâ֮С
µˡʿšķúԶʻ󣬡ʿš֮ǰĺ̡
εջһ̨Իף̨ԻԵıǣƲдǲֵܳġ
˹ʿʱûļȡԿ˹ʿڿռƷС
˹ʿϵƷУҲкöһֻ㼯ĽָһֻĽָǱＶƷ
㼯ĽָйһֻǵڶֻˣԺǲٴӰǱ߽á
ȡǸССĳοռƷοռƷ治֪úֲϴû˿Ϣй©
ŽοռƷԼֱƤϣֳοռƷԶƤϣҺܿľܵƤһ塣
Ƥϵĸоܹ֪Ƥųε壬޷ⳤοռƷ
ΪռƷоȣһ뵽˿ռƷڡ
ڿ˹ʿοռƷû˿谭ľͱ롣
ϵʿʹõĿռƷͨġ
οռƷڵĿռٸڿռƷоǷǳģ֮սָСһҡ
Դ˴洢ռ󣬶ڿռƷѾûжˣûмĴ洢ռĴռ䡣
עǳοռƷд洢Ķ࣬űŵķǳ롣
鼮ࡢࡢԴࡢװࡢ࣬һʮˡ
ľɨ鼮Щ鼮ֻŵ鼮鼮вٶϲ֡
鼮Ƕ飬ǰܽᣬȵȣЩ鼮԰һλ߽ʿ⣬ȷǰķ
˵Щ鼮ҲǷǳõģȱٵľϵͳѧϰ
ر⻹弶⣬κεȼƽȵģ߼˸ԴǿʿҲ࣬оȻҲԶԶ˵ͼ
ǿ˹ʿռĸֲϣǲ֪˹ʿǴ㵥ղأоĴ㡣
Щſ˹ʿ޷֪ϵǳΪղƷ
ԴҪģǧƿϵ߽ҩκθ߽ʿ˵ǼԴⲢ
ӵŸ߽ҩ䷽ġ֥ͨҩ󣬸Ŵĸࡣ
װУһ̨ԻףҲСҵĸ߽ʿŵʿĴоĽ
ԭҲһ̨ľԻ׵ģϧǼľԻ׻ͨռѷʱ
ʮļľϵ߽ʿȴһ̨ʺԼԻ׶ûУⲻܲ˵Ϊܵ¡
ȻǰΪһ̨ûףӦÿջ
ʵҲԴϻԻ׵ģϵڵĻ٣޷ΪսǴϻԻҲ޷ṩ㹻İ
ڽԻԣһǼֻϵıǣٶʱǲܽóʹˡ
ܹóû׵طһǼҲۿۡ
Ʒľɨеȡľڡʿš̫ȡ㣬Щֱӱӵ̫֮С
ڼַԣмֻӣ򿪼ֻӣ¶Цݡ
ǿһʮǱҡ
Ǳҷǳ࣬ÿһǼǱҵģһ컹ҪΡ
ӰҲͬҪǱң֮ǰõ˶ʮöǱңҲоǱ̫١
һεĲ䣬ټ겻ҪǱҵ⡣
˲ǿǱɫʯɫʯоΪϤаϢ
ɫʯһйֻҲǴ˺ܳʱ䣬Ҳûмֺɫʯ
룬ɨ洢ռڵ̫豸֮ǰ̫豸ʱڲҲ֪Ϣ
Ȼ̫豸ĺУͷöɫʯ
ɫʯ̫豸Դǲ֪һöɫʯܹ̫豸ʹöá
γջ̫豸һϢ豸
εսƷ⣬οռƷӰӡ
οռƷӰӵƤϣƤڰοռƷ뵽ڣΪȫʹ÷
ٸռ䣬ϣӰڳΪǳõȻǽӰвõѡ


338 
ڽ˹ʿʱһµķ֡
ΪӰѰ豸ʵǴķ
ȷʵǷǳԻȡģйء
ڴ磬κһźǶܹΪӰṩ޾ĻҲӰӵʵ
ŻὫοռƷӰʹãӰӵʵпԻһδıΪǿ
Ȼ»ҪأŻῪʼνС
ĺУʿšԼĿռתվ
˶λźţֻҪҲ⴦ռתվȻյϢϡ
û뵽շλϢһͷɴ߷ͬʱʿš֤
㽫ɴͣ˻ţϢ
Ҳûͷɴ˻ţͣˡʿšڡ
ڼʻϻž֮ɫġ
ʿšҴ𽢾ȨƣȫԸ㵽սģżŵãּݡ
ǰʿšϿûǰͼʵ
뵽ͼ֮Уþݿϲһ˵
ľٿţʿšյϢ뵽ͼڡ
ͼϳһǣӦþĿλˡ
ʿšͼԶǰλõ·ߣͨռתվһԾ㣬ͿԵ￿λõ
СʱĺУ͵λˡ
лЩʵģ¶ŵٲϤҲͨͼ֪Ǵλûŵڡ
Ų⣬ٿءʿšԾ㡣
ʿšͨԾʱֳ˼ǿ֮ʿšеϵͳûܵԾڿռתӰ죬ڲĹҲûгص
ͨ˳ʿšĻҲΪԾĿռתоܡ
ʿšԾ־СʱĺУšʿšҪǿռغϣûи֪λʲô⡣
ʿšλúսһͣȫֹ̫֮С
ĳʲô⣬ľ˲ɢܵĿռɨ衣
õģղŵͼǰ֤ͨҪȴǱߵ֤͵
˵ͷջ˾
˴ʮңоķӦҪþ鿴һʱʿšס
̫пȥʿšͻȻʧһ㡣
ڡʿšڵȴǸоͬͨԾĸоֻռ֮ͨԾΪܿء
Ŀռ似ѾʹÿռԾٴΪ͵
˾֮ɫû뵽Ƽܴﵽ̶ֳȡ
Ҳ̫ȣǱռԾֻͬһУкܶضµ߼Ŀռ似ǲǿռԾ˵
ΪоԱ߼ĿƼ˽⡣
Ҳ弶ǰĶ弶оԱһֱĿƼԼĿꡣ
ռת֮䣬ʿšг
ͼһƬңڲϵķϢѵδ֪
ûԣǿϴ⣬һƯ̫еİɫ塣
ɫ忴ȥҲǳ߶Ϊʮ׵ĴС̫ԵüΪС
ʿšɫҪϺܶࡣ
ʿɴͣǵˣվ˵
ʿšĿȨԣ˲һͬ˳ȥ
ûд豸˶ʮļľϵ߽ʿӵŶʱ̫
߹Ҿ𣿡һ߷Уһͨʵ
ǲǿȥǳСЦþʵ
˵ͷȷʵ߹ֻôһ㣬ô߹Ҳżˣ
ȥ֪ˣû˵ʲôЦ˵
˷ɵǰ忪һš
ǹţΪǳã۾Ҳ޷ڵȫɫâǡ
ľɨȥͬһãžʵһ㡣
ǰ棬ûκԥĽ˹š
ӰڹţҲŽš
ڽŵ˲䣬оĲǰһ
ǰһ򳡴СĹ㳡ڹ㳡ϷһԲƯš
Ǹڲʵ
ûмռ似ܹռ似Ӧõ̶ֳȣǵһο
ǰĿռ䣬֮Ĳʵ̫ˡ
ԣǼ߹ңĳԾЦŻص
ռȻܴ󣬵һӰ֪ǲĲʱ򣬻ԭ
֮ʱһӰϷԲƮɳǷ
þɨ裬ֻƾŸ֪ͿжϳŮӵʵһʮϵнʿ
˵УоӦŮнʿϴ·ŷе
Ȼ··ͨģ֪·
ŮнʿɵǰŮнʿݣһ޷ݵò
ûжòʲô뷨ֻǸоòȱζŵĺۼ
ʿ޶´ʦڵǣʿ΢Ц˵
ʿûΪʮļϵ߽ʿʲôԴҲûΪˣ̬Ƿǳƽ͵ġ
ڿն𣬸ʿһԲȥ
λ޶´ʦʲô𣿡Եļþѯʵ
֮ʹþʿʵ޷ֵģ⵹õĻʧ
û뵽߹һôӣɽ޶´ʦӴǣ޶´ʦǼ߹ǿʦһΪ߹ɳ߼ʦͷǳˣ˷ܵþ˵
޷ĽǾ͵Բ򴦡
ʿǰ洩Բ棬ǸҲԲ档
ԲǱж죬ԲڲҲʹ˿ռ似
ĿǰڵλԲڵƽ̨ԲεǽڴܲŸ豸ƽ̨·Ըܵǿҵ
оͷƤģڿһϵˡ
ɢʦϢһλǿʦ
޶´ʦĿˣʿı
޶´ʦ֮ǰƺȫڲϣʱŴӲջ̧ͷߡ
ϴ𣿡޶´ʦûκιȵʵ
޶´ʦϴˣæش
˸ƣ˼óɫƬ
Ҳ޷ʲôսָȡ˺ɫƬ
֮ԷսָڣսָԱ¶洢ռ仹ǲҪʹΪá
޶´ʦûôȡɫƬģӰһͳǰһֻ־ͽɫƬȡ˹ȥ
УӦʱ䶼ûУֱ޶´ʦж˺ɫƬŸопһ
ɵëȻ֮У޶´ʦʲô⣬Ӧʱ䶼ûС
ǿ˵ĽӴûһ㰲ȫС
޶´ʦźɫƬϸϸĹۿţָָϳ˻ûƺɫƬ
֮ӵ豸̽ͷںɫƬϲϵɨ裬ԱߵĹĻϹŴݡ
һСʱ޶´ʦֹͣ˼顣
ǺļƷϣǳоֵ޶´ʦרע룬¶ϲ֮ɫ
޶´ʦµĶһ̨ףѵ
֪СһԻʲôҪ󣿡޶´ʦ˻֣ʵ
޶´ʦϽӴǣΪĺɫƬݡ
뼫߹ЩϵҲ޷֮£ʵʵȥŶӣȴ˳֪ͨ
޶´ʦڵټȡɫƬģûֱкҪ
ӹɫƬҲһо̣ɫƬڼӹܻЩ࣬ЩҲоϡ
޶´ʦǡӢҪһ̨ľԵĻף˵
ӢҲǰʲôڿɲֻľи߽׵ĻӦûĳֻԶͬʱʮļϵʿֵСӣ޶´ʦҡͷ˵
һǵһα˿Żġ
Ҫ֪ڵĻǳ٣ϵڡ
ĿҲͬԵжô鷳˵Զ˸߽ףС
Ϸǳ⣬ҪʹܹľɲףҪͬľԲںϣҼһ£һ̨ףŻԶķ֮һĲϣҪķ֮һĲϣͬԲҳˣ޶´ʦ˵ͷ˵


339 
޶´ʦķ֮һУҪûһСƬæѵ
û뵽ǽ޶´ʦĴʦ֣Ϊ֮Ҫټӹ꿼ʱ˽޶´ʦĻ
ʱû޶´ʦļӹ꣬Щ֡
ô˵ԺɫƬҲǼΪȤģ֮ԸôŬΪ˴ߵõһСƬо
һٿˣٶˣ޶´ʦһ£˵
Ǿлл޶´ʦˣһ㶣û뵽޶´ʦֻô٣Ǹл
һЩŹ֣ɫƬ֮ܶؽҪأһٿ˵ĺɫƬҲС
Խ޶´ʦ˵ʣķ֮һĺɫƬ޶´ʦʵ̫һЩ
ף뿪֮һЩϸ̸Ҫһٿ˲ϣڽר͵ŵȥ޶´ʦ˵
ǣ޶´ʦûоܾʸתͷ˵ȳԼķɴȥϽ޶´ʦʱ䣬о񣡡
ЩŽ޶´ʦ˵޶´ʦĺĳ̶ֳһλᡣ
޶´ʦĻܹǿо뼫߹֮Ĺϵ
ŻʹԼȨεóһ
˵ͷʾףҲΪˡʿšȨޣԽսͷɴ
һҪһЩʱ䣬Ҫʵֲ֮ķӦƶõƣ޶´ʦ뿪ŵ˵
޶´ʦ֪Ҫõʱ䣿û뵽ô鷳ʵ
ԼƻĿǰ˾⣬ϵ롮򡯶ڿٽ״̬
ɲΪһ׶ӰôãҲһϵʵʮļϵԣĿǰôҪ
㻹ûδĲϵļֵ޶´ʦЦҡҡͷ˵
޶´ʦԣһ˵
ʮ߼ϣҪӲܹ˵ҲûʹȫʵϵǿȻǳġ
֮л̺һһòϵǿٴ
֪ʲô𣿡޶´ʦʵ
ƺ˽޶´ʦҪ˼ţ޵ǿ֪ģɫƬǳţģȻҲͬǿ
֪ɫƬǳţʲôʱģ֪ɫƬܹţ޼ֵķ
޶´ʦ˵ɫƬȻܹʦķ
һɹʵʮʦʱȻԷӳҪЧ¾ǵʮ߼ʱҲǳõķ޶´ʦ˵
һƬȣҲ˵ϺɫƬĻףڸ߽ʿʱڣŵֵʮʦķ
԰ٷ֮ڸ߽ʿ޵Уڵʵڸ߽ʿȷʵǳǿĸ߽ʿȡ
ʵ󣬻ûʮ弶ĺʿûжԱЩʿ֮Ĳࡣ
˺ɫƬĻ׾ͲͬˣҪĸ߽ʿв
ʦҲСʡ
⣬Ҳ֪˽޶´ʦΪҪ뿪Ϊ˱
ԺɫƬ׵ܣϸݱ͸©ȥĻŵʦҲۺĻס
˵ΪΪЩ׵ϸԽվԽΪȫ
ҲϵĳûϢҶҪΪǿĹˣ޶´ʦƺ˵
һϲʲô
žǻɫƬҲ޷Ϊǳڳţޡ
ΪɫƬûһ˿һģ⣬κڶĴڡ
ϣܹȫңʮҪ޶´ʦҪ
޶´ʦһٷ֮ϵģͷ˵
Ҳ㣬̨׵һȫԸɹ㻹ҪҲμһξۻᣬھۻϽлʾԻײ£ҲǳҪ⽫ҪƷ޶´ʦ˵
һϲȻȥЩ鷳õĻ׽Ҫá
ᰲס£µӣԴṩǸлϣ޶´ʦ˵
޶´ʦʮָл˵
Ҫлʵռ˱˵ģķ֮һļֵԶԶҳļֵ޶´ʦϴЦ˵
ݣЩҲҪʵʵ˵Ҳʲô뷨
뿪˽޶´ʦԲʿȴ
ʿͬѾ뿪һΪ㰲סʿ˵
ԵĴ̬ϸܵ˲ͬж˹֮ɫ
ȻΪԼԭֹԴڽ޶´ʦܽ޶´ʦʲôŻʿ̬ȷת䡣
ʿУ˿ռڵһԲǰ
ʹԿףռʱʹȨͽˣʮԴҪʱ䣬ռʹ÷Կڶ˵ʹþͿ֪ʿ΢ЦŽ
ӹԿףһſƬ
ʿת뿪þԿף֪Կռ֪ʶ
ľԿ׷һǰĿռ˲
ڣ֮ǰ޶´ʦĿռһڡ
۵Ŀռ䲢󣬴žһ걸ռСȫ׵ʩ
ֻϰ㣬°ռ䡣
֮ǰȻĸʮֵĺ棬ʱڳǿˣ˼رĹע
ʱû˵Ĵţʼϸϸо
ΪңſĹܣ
ʳͨһ̨ѡʳѡν廨ţܽ֡
ʳ켼ûʲô⣬弶Ҳֻ弶û˶Ʒ֡
Ȼǿ֮ڶԿռá
ûȥطֻ߹ҵͿжϳԿռճ̶ȣ˵ﵽΪĳ̶ȡ
ֲιңһĲȫɡ
ĸֲ֪ƽ͵ģûһ˿˺ԡ
Щ򣬳Խ弶ĵطǲԵģҪ弶ҲƼ˼¡
ǱȽϹעҪƾԿ״µĹš
߽ţоĲһĿռ䡣
ĶλжϳԼ·ƬʵʴСȴ֮Ҫʮࡣ
ԾĲЩĿռŨŨ̶ȳ屶
ﶼǱңͿԴﵽƽʱŨȡ
ľɨһԵĹӣзŶʮƿϵ߽ҩʮƿϵ߽ҩÿһֻƿ϶Ӧ˵
ƴ֣ڿЩԴĵһ뷨
ϵ߽ҩνɾϵ߽ҩĵˡ
Ϊʮƿ߽ҩȥɰо񣬲硣
ڣڼ߹ңֻҪϹ͸㹻Դ
ʮƿϵ߽ҩУʮƿľԸ߽ҩʮƿԸ߽ҩʮƿϵ߽ҩʺʮļʹõġ
ʱҲˣûпķһƿľԸ߽ҩʼˡӢ
ϵӿ룬⴦ŨȲ½Ҳ֪жôĿš
жϣʿֻҪ㹻ԴӦȫԴﵽܹﵽ۷塣
жٵʿʿձʵһŵʿϺܶࡣ
׶ʱΪܹӵиĻûΪ޵ṩǽĻȫ뵽Լϵڡ
ϵġӢڤ뷨˼߹ҵľϵ߽ҩоԼ
ʿǱ̫յʱ궼ܵˡľʱӡʱĲϴˢ
Լ֪жô⡣
֮ҲйƿʵΪƿڱʿ㲻ƿ
ʿƿһҪʮʱƿԼȴʱ䣬߹˱ʿٶ̡
һȶҲΪĳĺʿص˵ٶȱҪһЩĳɳٶҲᳬʿ


340 
Ϣ˰˸Сʱӵ˽޶´ʦϢ
ϢͨԿ״ģæɳԼĿռ˽޶´ʦĿռ
ʱ޶´ʦǰһֻֻеֱżʮֻӡ
ҴӲֿЩϣӴҿϵķӦ޶´ʦָǰĺӷԸ
˵ͷһֻǰҲ޷ϳĽ
ָľָڲϡ
ԱߵĽ޶´ʦͨĻ鿴ŲϷݣһʾջľ
ûӴһ£޶´ʦԸ
ٴεָµڲϡ
ǰĲһ֪ȴͨԼϽӴʱķӦжϳҲǸ߽ײϡ
֮ĹǲϵĶһϽӴɽ޶´ʦ鿴ϵķ
ܿ췢֣Щ֮УʮԳ˸߽׼
뿪ˣ޶´ʦһ۶ûУ۾һֱŹĻ˵
Ҳ˽޶´ʦרעҲ֣ûרעôܳΪҵĴʦ
֮ʮʱ䣬ÿͻᱻ޶´ʦȥһЩϡ
ʮʱ˵ƻˣ϶ûж
ʮʱ䣬ǽӴĲϾͳǧ֣Կ϶ʦĲϾн֡
һνӴôĸ߽ʦϣҪ֪ÿһָ߽ײ϶ǼΪģ˵ʦĲˡ
ʮ죬ʿΪһʮԴȻһģһƷʵҩ
˵ʵЩҪһֱȥ޶´ʦĹԽԽá
߹ҵʵ̫ˣŵľ󲿷ָ߽ʿûִܹÿĸ߽ԴԼݳ޵
ʮʱʵԵ
ʮһ쵽ʮ죬޶´ʦûɸо֡
˵ʮ죬˽޶´ʦĿռ
ϣ޶´ʦƺЩ˷ܣк
ĿⱻмĲסˣһڽڵľ顣
ЩǺֲϣ޶´ʦû˵ϵƣҲһ
Ǹоβ⣬⽹ľϸܵϤϢ
񣡡˴𰸡
⽹ڵľϣ˿ۼжϳľԴ
Կ϶⽹ľе񣬲Ҽ֮
⽹ڵľϲûϢҲڵƷûϢ˵ˡ
ʱѾٷ֮ȷнӴġ
ŵ缸һ֪ȴܹóͺ˵ˡ
һţľָ˽ľ顣
һԵĽ޶´ʦעĿʱְ׼
齹ľɲ򵥣޶´ʦҲ˲ٵʱ䣬һЩ۲Ÿ㵽ġ
һʱоľԣرľ߼Ӣ۹Ķ
ټÿһʿŸԵԣһĻף޶´ʦҪôࡣ
һβͬ޶´ʦҪһһľƷף˿
ɫƬδϣʮһλᣬҲ޷ͬȵĲˡ
߹ҲֿеĲ϶һ飬ҲûеõΪĲϡ
ǰᵽ˽ľ֮£Ҳ˽ľݣжԽľڴ
뿪˼߹ңʱûȥ˽ľ顣
ָ뽹ľӴ˲䣬ľ˸˿˿ĵ⣬˳ָ
޶´ʦ׼֣ͣ
¶ŹֵĿЩⲢûж˺Ծ˼£û塣
оô޶´ʦʵ
޶´ʦû£ָ뿪˽ľ鲢ش
ʱԿ϶ǰĽľ֮һ֣Բͨڹ
ҲʶСڲԶ⽹ľ顣
ٻɻԣ޶´ʦѹѯʵĳ嶯˵
ָϻ˻ʮʱ׶ڵĻŲٵĴ
ղһָ뽹ľӴ˿˿ĵ֡
һν޶´ʦû֮ǰĹעĿ⿴˹Ļϵݡ
ǳãҵ˺ʵĲϣ޶´ʦЦ˵
Ҳ˵޶´ʦĹ˽չ
˵޶´ʦĹ˽չڼ߹ҵʱ̣Ҳһֱڼ߹ңһֱϣҲǳܡ
ľżǿںԣԭһϵ徹Ȼ鷳Ҫˡ޶´ʦƺǳãѵõĶ
ľľʲϣֱǿʹûȼգֻȼǳߣ»ʧˣµĽӡлſֲĻʡ
ľԣϣ⽹ľ£γһƽ⡣
޶´ʦҲûн뿪ԼĻʼɫƬ
ڼϽȵķĩںɫƬϣĺɫƬΪ˰Һ̬
޶´ʦĻΪһѻ𵶣ӺɫƬķ֮һԼһСС㣬Ҫһٿ˲ϡ
ߵĻŶķ֮ɫƬƣһ߽޶´ʦĻʼȼ𽹺ľ顣
һԹۿŽ޶´ʦĲڽ޶´ʦٿػֱͶء
żµƻڽ޶´ʦУȴƻǻΪ˸ʺϲϱ仯
޶´ʦڽľϼδ֪ȵķĩľҲͬڲϵ֮С
ľγ˼临ӵͼƣ̱˵ǲһԿŵоѡ
ʹþͼƻܹҪ˵ȼյķʽͼƣͳ֮ˡ
һߺɫƬҲڱ仯γһײ
Ž޶´ʦĲкܶ޷ģⲢ̼
漰ͼ빤ȵȣ֪Ἣѵá
֪Ϊν޶´ʦû뿪һԹۿ׵Ḷ֪́ĳ޼۵ġ
׵ķʽȻȱһЩϵȣֻҪ̣ȫԼܼǿĻס
ĻףѾʹˣȫʿʹ漰ͼƸΪؼ
ľɫƬΪĲںһһͼƳڸϡ
ʱû壬޶´ʦʱĴڡ
޶´ʦ˵ˣʦǿ߲ҪʳڲǸܵ£Ҳʱ䲻ʳ
һ˹һ˹ۿȥʮʱ䡣
޶´ʦһװÿװһ׵嶼ᷢһĲŲԽԽ࣬ҲԽǿҡ
һ̨ɫĻ׳ڽ޶´ʦǰ˵ʵײƯ
ΪúɫƬϷӳķЧټϺɫƬϵ󣬽޶´ʦװԵĲ֡
޶´ʦҲ޷ʡķ֮һĺɫƬϡ
޶´ʦԼĳɹоɹƷ
żԣ޶´ʦתͷԸ
Ȼ֪ڿţ֪Ϥ׵죬˵һЩؼȲϲǿͿյġ
Խ޶´ʦҲû뿪Ա߿ΪƷȫ̡
ǰַڻϣڵľ˳ƽ뵽ڡ
֮ɫâɫӳ֮£һԹ۲Ľ޶´ʦüͷ
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ںɫǿҶԱȣý޶´ʦˡ
ǲںѾϣڻ޷ڲϲϵţ̼ڵϸ
õڵͿƾ״ﵽٵЧ
лľ˿ĵڻڴУҲΪṩ
رھ˻ڵļͼƺõ˴Լɵ
ͨͼҪϵϣѾǴƻܹĲϱ٣ܹͼƵĲϾ͸ϡˡ
ҲΪζԻ׺еԭҪǲʵѵá
ɫƬϽľ飬ﵽͼƵޣ̨Ѿϵļ¡


341 ۻ
ԳؿʼԻ׵ܣ޶´ʦ˵
ǰһţǽԳصͨ
ţо˿ռ䲨һرĿռ䡣
ĵϷֲźܶڿڣǷ⴦ռرǿңҪռǲס
ȲԹȫ޶´ʦӻд
Ϸɳһ壬ײ˹
ûܣԼľ㼯֮Ž˹ȥ
֪ǺֲƳɣľӳ֮Ҳûܹƽ壬ֻǽķ˳ȥ
ڷɳһξ·˻
л˻һƻڽ֮ϡ
ܺãٶȣҪб޶´ʦŹĻʾݣ˵
¶֮ɫ֮ǰĹݣڵĹһԱ֮£׵Ҳһˡ
ɻص棬ϵڿ˻ϲϳֵѡ
һڿڷʼƵʻǱȽġ
֮ɵĴԵࡣ
ʼӳ٣ԽԽΪܼ
ҪʹþҪԵǻܣ޶´ʦܣѵ
ʵûеþ̶ֳȵܣûþ
ںϵĽľϲĵ⣬ʿԣǻõĹɶˡ򡯵˵ȴΪٶȡ
һֱ湥һʵߣûκεܿռʱײűˡ
Ӧѽ޶´ʦŹĻϵݣ
ָڹĻ㣬ڲԳУԳصһġ
˻ڲĵ⣬һЩ²⡣
Խ޶´ʦ֪ͨ
ӲԿռֵĹŷص˽޶´ʦĿռڣ
ϲʲôɫ޶´ʦЦʵ
ɫɣش
޶´ʦ˵ͷڹĻһЩݡ
ԻָΪһͬ°ǣⲢûʵʵãֻΪ˸ΪۣҲͨϵͳɫԶ壬ʼɫΪɫ޶´ʦһ߲һ߽͵
һֻеֱһźɫĲϣɫϱ͵˻ԣ󽫻
Ż׾ͻΪ˺ɫϸڷһЩװΡ
̨ٶϳҵԤϣϧȻ޷ṩϵ޷ʹõڶķЧܹʮ߼ʦȫһ
Ȼ㲻ҪΪ˻׾͸սκһʦʦɲֱֻӹʦطʹʦĹкܶЧ޶´ʦ߽ܱѵ
ˣ۾Ŀźɫףͷ˵
Ҳû뵽Ļ׻֮ǿ˵սʦʦһЩԡ
Ҫ֪֮ǰȻˡ򡯣ҵʦʹá򡯣Ϊ򡯲Ǵ
ٶȾǼڵʹԼٶȴ
Ҫȫ׾ͿԼٶӣٶȵõʵٶȿƽʱܹʹõġ
Ϣ죬ҵϢҪչʾףչʾ׺̨׾ȫˣ޶´ʦ˵
صԼĿռʮûлһβԴ
߹ҲûΪԼûԴĹӦǽ֮ǰԴ˹кʮԴҲ˹
ԴûпȷʵȱԴʱò꣬Ҳߣż߹Ҳ׷Ҫ
ڽ޶´ʦƻһЩҪѹ˶Ի׵Ŀ
ڿռϢ죬յ˽޶´ʦϢ
ڽ޶´ʦĿռǰʱ޶´ʦѾڵˡ
޶´ʦ˻˵
˷ɳ˼߹ңһɫСͷɴͣ˽޶´ʦǰ
ûʹԼġʿš˵ʿšɫСͷɴҪϺܶ࣬ɫСͷɴСҲķɴ
ʶÿһĿƼ֮䣬żĲࡣ
ȻŽ޶´ʦ뵽ɫСͷɴʱɫСͷɴڲռһ㶼ȡʿšĿռС
ɫСͷɴڲʹ˿ռ似ʵܹʹõĿռǷɴ͵ĺܶ౶
Ŀ긨޶´ʦûԼʻɴǷ
ռ亽ȷռԾڵ㣡ɫСͷɴϵͳӦ
ɫСͷɴâܿʧ̫С
ɴһγʱѾһδ֪
ƺɫСͷɴûֱ︨ǣ븨ǻһξ룬ɴһȥ
˺棬Ŀռ似ƺ⵽κεĵط
ɫСͷɴӦóڸϣǻҪһξ롣
Զ̿ռ似ĳٶ弶˹ԾЩƣҪΪһЩֻҪǰÿռ亽ͿƵĽпռԾڿռ亽һռ亽޶´ʦ鲻Զ̿ռ似
Ϊʲôռ亽赽棬Ǹ𣿡Щ׵ʵ
ǳȫȻÿռ䣬ҪֶԿռľη֮ģ޶´ʦ˵Ļ̫ס
֪ʶĿռ似⣬ǲ̫ʵ¡
˵Ŀռ似ˣ弶Ŀռ似Ҳܹ˵ġ
ɫСͷɴٶȼ죬ֻʮӣǰͿһ塣
֮ûΪ޷ǰΪһ塣
ǰ弫޴Χźǵģǰܲûкǡ
ڲŹ⣬ʹ̫оһĵݡ
֮ûн嵱ɺǣΪ巢ĹâȻȴǵֹâͬ
ɫСͷɴɽ壬ҲĽṹ
ĹǴһ޴ļ֮¶ģɫСͷɴһڣ½ء뺣
ֻ½ء뺣ڱڣڲ塣
ⲻȻγɵ壿Щ̫ȷʵ
ǰҲ̫ճǣȣ̫ճǾһҴķɴȴγ̬ȣ
Ȼ٣󲿷ֶǸǣ޶´ʦ⣬ش
޶´ʦŲ͵˼Ҳûнʡ
УȴǶȻһˣһĳԭ򣬲Ż
Ҫ֪ʶУһֱ弶ŴȻ壬ôȴǳȻϡٵ״
ѹеʣɫСͷɴһ
ԲΪΪ￴ȥǳͨ
Ȼͨȥ˸⣬ľɫԭʼһ޶
ɫĲݵϣһЩʳ汼ܡ
ɫСͷɴͣľʱǰŽ޶´ʦ߳˷ɴʱܵĲ
ͷ֮ϵĹԴ˷ɢ⣬Ũʹ½ϵŨȳŨȵİٷ֮ʮ
ɲ֮ǰǣǵŨߣǿרΪʮʿ׼֮ء
⸨ͨ򣬿ֿտĳ̶ȣ˿ܶȲߡ
˵ˣʶռ䣬ռлٴŨȣΪʿṩõ
ľʱǰ棬ĸСںĿ޶´ʦ
ܵĸСȫ֣ϵ֣һ˾ϵ֣ںӵ̫Сʵϻڵͽס
ѾԾˣҪ֪ӵֵĺӡ
񻹼ǵãΪ̳ǰڲ֮ڵķӣҩӵֵĻᶼûС
ʱ˵ֻмĺӣΪĸʿм͵Ļڳ֮󲻾ãӵԼ֡
뵽˸࣬󣬼䲻࣬ûпκһͨˡ
ΪԼ뷨һеĲ²⡣
޶´ʦߵľʱĴǰԶ򿪡
ڿ򿪵Ĵź󣬾ﲢ濴ȥͨ
Ϊ򿪴ź󣬴İ׹⣬ǿռͨ
޶´ʦǰ棬ں뵽˴ţռ䲨վһݻĴ֮С
ܵʦϢʦϢǴӴеλϴġ
޶´ʦˣΪҿǽһĹͣˣ㷴Ļһ˴űԹ˵
õ´ʦЩҲգ߷ʦЩĿһҲ޶´ʦЦŻص


342 
޶´ʦõ´ʦ˵Ϳ֮䲢ûʵʵìܣӦദķʽ
ͬʱҲ֪ˣλʦȫǴʦ
Խ޶´ʦжϣλʦҲӦװʦˡ
ô֪Ҳװʦɲ࣬ŵû˵һλװʦ
֪ǣܹϿɵװʦʦһ˻Եʦ
ҪľǴУ˵Ϊʦ˳ΪʦʸͬҪӦʲܹܴС
˵Ķ㵹ʲôĶõ´ʦָŽ޶´ʦʵ
ⲻǴ˹ǿҲϣܹװһ¼װ֮У޶´ʦ¶֮ɫ˵
һ˵λʦȤõ´ʦҲû׷֮ǰ˵Ļ
λʦʮ޶´ʦ˵һʲô֮
װɲô׽ģÿһװǸʦľƷʸ¼еģܹǴװˡ
ĴװǸʦĿʸʷϵĴʦУܺ˾
޶´ʦװóΪ˵ĸ߷ʦҲסˣ˵
߷ʦҲ˵дˣɲǴ֮޶´ʦǲżЦ˵
߷ʦҡҡͷ˸ƣ߽ʿ˽ǰҲһֻӡ
Ų֪ˮһ
߷ʦ°عȻˣҹȻûѡĵص㣡޶´ʦЦ˵
޶´ʦ㲻׼°عŻѡ𣿡߷ʦû˵
Ǻöʦ°ĹʵһʮޣϵʿŲЧ޶´ʦתͷ˵
ǸģֺôҪײҪ
һ°عһҧ£°عΪҺ븹С
СҲһ£߷ʦ޶´ʦʵ
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Խ˵Խλʦġ
޶´ʦҲģŽװóʱ䣬ֶֻ̬ͬȴʦһŻ
û뵽°عڼζûƷ°عʧڿС
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ĸ򱾾ͳʱľ磬ڴ緵صʱǴθ򣬾Ǻõ˿˹ʿ鼮Ҳõ˺ܶĶĵϡ
λʦ죬ͻȻ뿴
ɢĲǸ߽ʿǰĲ
Сһã߷ʦЦҡҡͷ֮䣬һԷȥû뵽һڡ
޶´ʦţõ´ʦЩʵ
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Ⲣ˵°عܹ°عֻеһγԲŻԵЧڶγЧͻΪ½
ΣµɹҲֻϵڵӰĴ
Ҫ̬ȵûܹ˵еĹؼÿһʿĽͬ
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Ҫǣλʦܹ֪˵ǳС
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޶´ʦҲһû뵽õ´ʦô
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رʮļϵųϵʦĿܡ
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ȻڸǣŨҪĻһ㡣
׼ӿռȡһЩǱңܵŨȣȴǸоԼռתܿռеŨȴﵽ˿ŵĳ̶ȡ
ڡӢÿһת뼸µ
ϵڣľԹ̻ڲϵǿţָоǿȥпܻûԹ̻ľԹ̻ȶ״̬ơ
һ̣һѡͬʱתˡ׶
ǰû֪ЩֲͬԶʿһ־ġ
ͬʱԶҪǿĿҪ㹻ľ֧š
ͨĸ߽ʿԣǼ鷳£ϵ߽ʿǲģ侫ֻʵʱĸƷ
ʮļϵʿת׶ʱִԼһתΪ˻
Ҳ˵ͬʱתӢ롮׶޷ٶȣηֿʲࡣ
ֽĹؼʱ򣬻ŲСá
оԼϵڲľԹ̻Թ̻֮Ĳȶʧ
ľԹ̻Թ̻ٽҲڲϵţϱѹ̻ڡ
֪ʱ˶ãоϵڲȻһ𣬹̻ǿȳʵ
ϵڵҲΪʵҲǿˡ
һСʱ۾лŲ˼顣
Ȼôͽˣ°ع˵Ч
вл޶´ʦɽ޶´ʦĻԵ
ҪȻҪʱĲԣܹʱɲࡣ
ŵʱ䲻ҲǿĳˣԽʵԽܹΪȫ
ܣռ䣬ܵŨȱڼ߹ҵռлҪǿ
ɲܹʱģԼͣܡ
ڴ֮ʱһųռ䣬ţռתһγڿС
λʦ΢Цſرλõ´ʦЩҡ
ȻɹΪʮϵ߽ʿ
߷ʦл߷ʦл
ˣҶȲҪʶ޶´ʦƷ͵ˣ߷ʦһ˵
սҪȶһ𣿡޶´ʦǲĿʵ
õ´ʦ߷ʦŭĿ޶´ʦ˼Ҫˡ
޶´ʦûģĽЩִ٣ĸȴǳĵȼûгԿƵ
޶´ʦҲӣȡ˻׷λʦǰ
λʦרҵԱǰ׵
̫ϧˣ̫ϧˣõ´ʦ˵
ǿϧֲô䵽˽޶´ʦУ߷ʦӿ˵
ǿпЦ˼ȴеĽ
ȻûʹԻ׵ĲʣǼһϴ򽻵ָͨС۲ӴͿԴжϳϵ
λʦûȥ޶´ʦɫǵ豸ʼǵɫԽࡣ
λʦԽ࣬޶´ʦɫȴԽӵ⡣
֮һξ˲ԣ˻׽뵽Կռ䣬ͬĲһΡ
ʵʮĹһ
Ȼǲ޿κΣƺĳټĲҲʮ⡣
޶´ʦϲˣǽǧõĻˣ߷ʦŲԽûдӲԿռгǰ˽ۡ
ͬ߷ʦ׾ȻڷٶϣﵽʦȻһЩѾǼѵˣõ´ʦҲ˵
װҲĳһϴﵽʦرӵװҪﵽʦ͸ˡ
һҪﵽʦֻҪ㹻㣬ﵽʦĻʻǷǳġ
̫ӣ߱ͱȽѣλʦԻ׵ۼߡ


343 ع
޶´ʦλʦۣ¶Ц⡣
λʦһ̨׵ĽǻᱻװϿɵġ
޶´ʦ¶ԻžԵģɻλʦĿ϶
߷ʦõ´ʦڹĻϲǽ׵ĸݼ¼Ҳǵд
˵޶´ʦߣӦĹֻҪλʦĹú󣬾һύװǱˡ
ΪǼװ޶´ʦǷھ͸߷ʦ޶´ʦʵ
ɻ׵ɣ޶´ʦתͷ˵
޶´ʦƷм壡־ܾ
Ի׵עأӵл׵Ȩıˡ
Ҫ֪Ϊ̨ף޶´ʦ׼˺ܾãͶ˼ֵߵĲϡ
ǾͽС񡯰ɣ޶´ʦ뵽ʲô˵
񡯣ֵҲϣ߷ʦ΢΢ͷ΢Ц˵
õ´ʦ˻׵ĲвӵĴμϣǴμϵǿ֪ġ
ȴǹעǼװеһǼмû뵽̨ͱΪǼ
ڻ׵Ϊ񡯣оִֻڴˣ磬һ֣ͻΪĵˡ
ȻĻײС񡯣ٻص磬Ҳһĵˡ
λʦΧŻ׽ҪλʦԻ׵޶´ʦʣ޶´ʦԼʱ뷨˵
Ҳˣλʦ֮䲢ûʲôҴŵ뷨֮Ľʮֹ͸
ҲַŻôװʦ
һԣţֻǳѵãǸУҲֿ۽Ļᡣ
ŹСʱλʦͬʱյϢ
޶´ʦϲˣ´ξۻҪȥǱߣõ´ʦЦ˵
ϲǰ棬룡߷ʦ˵
ҪлλİæҪô챻¼װ⣡޶´ʦЦ˵
ʱ׹񡯱װ¼ˡ
֪װʲôҲĳһǷǳҪģλʦô˵ĿС
ھ͸񡯼ӡǣõ´ʦɲҪ߷ʦվ˵
ˣôõ´ʦε˵
߷ʦ񡯻ԣͷһֻеֱۣһСϳɲϡ
ʮ߼ʦĻϳɲϻΪҺ̬Һ̬ĺϳɲֻΪһӡ˻׵ļ粿
ӡǴˡ񡯻ױװΣֱӡϵĺɫ粿
ӡϵݣһͨԼһͼơ
ͼϸܵ˵ͼƲֻӡǵһô򵥣Ӧûá
ͼǴװרͼƣͼƱɴʦֲʦװͼҲҪõװͬ⡣
ȻԣǼװЩ̫ҡԼרͼƵԶعܣ޶´ʦЦΪ͵
ˣ㵹̨񡯻ףúŬϣճΪʦ߷ʦ񡯻׷ǰ˵
߷ʦۿνǷǳˣҡ
ӹ񡯻ףλʦл
սȵͷϢҪٷعң޶´ʦ˵
λʦľۻǳѵãȻźܶĻҪ˵һֱﲻ̫á
˿ͷȷʵҪһЩʱϰ߸ʵ
߷ʦõ´ʦγֵıǿʲô뷨޶´ʦ뿪ȡһɫƬЦʵ
ķ֮һĺɫƬ˽޶´ʦĻ¶κ󣬱һķĺɫϡ
߷ʦõ´ʦ˫һǿ˺ɫϣȫǾϲ֮ɫ
ڿ˺ɫϵĴСҲЩϧ
ķ֮һĺɫϣҪ˵һ̨׾ǲģֲʡ
ҪǺɫϵԣλʦҲݣɫϾͲĲϣߵĲϡ
֮ǷֵʮЩɫϾһƣҲ޷ﵽǼļ𣬸˵봫װˡ
λʦоϧĵطǶͨװ¸һЩװ̫⡣
ΨһľܹͻܹԼƷʦС
޶´ʦôóģõ´ʦЩʵ
ֵԭɫҲΪĲϣ˵ʲôʱͿԴϣżá
Ϊˡ񡯻׵ĴμϣҼԼļҵˣ޶´ʦε̯̯˵
޶´ʦɲӦã˵ϵļֵ͵񡯻׾ֵˣ߷ʦָŽ޶´ʦ˵
ҵ˼ǽһΪҲһЩöɱ˵Ҳչѣ޶´ʦ˵뷨
պɫϱֳݣÿλʦһݣ޶´ʦϵЦݣõĺôӦò١
޶´ʦôĺôɲҪõ´ʦ˵
õ´ʦûбôͰ˵ˣ޶´ʦҡҡͷ
޶´ʦõ´ʦ˵Ķԣôĺô졮񡯻׵ĳɱӹջػеĶ࣡߷ʦ˵
õ´ʦ߷ʦγѪ٣ȻŹ޶´ʦģټõ´ʦȷʵ˹ע
ðɣһлģ޶´ʦڰ˵
ɲ֪λʦ֮£ڿͷвϵԼӦʮ
ʮһʮһȫǳԡ
⻹Ǹոս֮ܳһʱУŲϵʮϵǿ
Ҫ뿪ˣ޶´ʦϢ
ż߹ҿͷԿףҲԳ䵱ͨѶ޶´ʦϢͨԿ״ġ
û˯⻹еʮ첻Ϣľ񼫺á
ʵȫһֱ˯ģÿһεľʱڵɫҺ壬ͿԱ֤ľޡ
˯оԼ࣬Ҫͨ˯ﵽϢĿġ
˿λʦڡ
ҵϵʽ£˺òϣǵϵңϣõ´ʦһſƬݸ˵
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õ´ʦҲ֪弶ˣǺֱϵģŸ˴ͨѶܵĿƬ
߷ʦ޶´ʦȻĳõ´ʦźòϣΪԺ׼
ֻҪݲرҪõ´ʦὫԼڵ֮Уʦ
˵òϣλʦ̫ܹ㵽ɫƬּĲϣܹһѾǼ֮ˡ
˵ʮļϵ߽ʿʦڸż̽ҲֵܹȼĲϡ
㣬ﻶӭͣ߷ʦҲһſƬݸЦ˵
뷨ܼ򵥣綼õ´ʦǱһϵʽҲһֿ̬ȡ
ҲţſƬûرҪ£Ҳʹ⿨Ƭġ
һιӹôҲû뵽Լᱻλʦ˿УȻϵʽ
صɫСͷɴϣ޶´ʦ´
һ£ҪлҴΪ׼һСڵ˼߹⣬޶´ʦҪǵ˵
޶´ʦӦλʦȻʳԡ
ҪǣȷʵǰĴæ
޶´ʦһϢһʿһֻ˹
лл޶´ʦԿ׻ջأӹӸл߹ҿͷԿȡ˳
ԿţҲǰ߹ҵƾ֤Կͨƾ֤ͼҲͨԿϵ߹ң޶´ʦӻ˵
ٴθл󣬷Լġʿš
ʿš׹ռת֮䣬ʿšһƬС
ʱʿšͼãǳ˵ǰλãʱʿšֻصʼλãŵǴǵ㡣
֮Уо
Ҳ뼫߹ϵһλʦ緽ʽ
޶´ʦһӵĺ档
ԶУȡֻӡ
ΪΣа˸ߣ˵ӾһöˣϢ
²ӦһռƷҲֻŻὫӵͨƷ
ҲӺڵĶܲĶӵļֵ͡
Ȼڼ߹ҿֿռƷʮֵͨ治жϡ
һţһߴӣ¶Ķ
ռ򣡡


344 
ܶණԴֻһ롮񡯻׵ôû뵽ǿռ
˿ܵĻֿ˿ռӣɲｫռų
ռ򻹲֪жһųʿšڲƻǾǴЦˡ
ǿѹסеĺ棬½ռӹֻеȻȥٲ鿴ˡ
ʿš˲ãҪԾʱĻٵĹ㡣
棬ϵͳĽӣδҵӵϢ޷ȷϽӵݣжϰٷ֮ʮ˵Ļʾе⣡ʿšԷ˾
üͷ΢壬û뵽عŵ¡
ûȥԵİٷ֮ʮ˻ʵжϣжͻȻֵĽŰٷ֮ٵжϣġ
Ҫ֪⴦ŵǼΪƫƧģҪǰ⴦Ծ춼ѵзɴͨ
ﾹȻһ֧ӣҽӻ޷ȷݵġ
ʿšǿӵϵģټλϵ÷׵˼ʦ͸Ĵ𽢣ĳ̶ֳϿ˵ʿšϵȨޱԼҪߡ
ȻʿšԶ޷ͨжϳӵݣôͻȻֵĽӵʮˡ
źΣӶϿٴη
֪Ϊ˲ԮʵԮҲûʲôԮĶ
оǱ߾ɳ֧Ԯ֪Ҫʱ䣬ʵܹʮļϵʿǿԮҲ̫ʵ
˰оҲҲʵǿ
ûη壬ϴ˷֮ɫ
ľ뾫ϵϵͳսͺŶ֪
ҴսսСսԼˣҪǺܶСսڴսڴսڲ
ЩսȫİͺţҲΪ֮ǰ޷жϽݵԭ
ֻҪݽսͺţҲһָԵķ
ҪԵķжϣеóһǾĽӡ
˹ʿɱ֮£Ѿ֪ˣŻɳ˽ӱ
ʲô¡
رǿ˹ʿʱĸ߽ʿˣڿ˹ʿҲ֮¡
һ֧ӣһ֧弶ӣû˿ĵġ
Ҫһ㣬ĽҲǡʿš٣š񡯻׵Ĵڣʮʦڣдʿߡ
˵ˣһֱΪľ̫սƾ̫սӶһֱɱļ
ֲʮļڡʿšɨľǳɵľͿȫƿءʿš
ȫƿǿԾȷ΢׼ģڴ𽢶Ծʮֱ̬ˡ
ʿšȫӿٽϵͳ
ʱ䣬ڣʮȫܽ弶ĿƼֳ״ֳ̬ܹʮ֮á
ʿšҲһֱδо˵ĳԣ
ǰٿصķɴһ⣬弶ķɴɡ
ȻˣĽҲͬˣԵĵ˽֮ǰκһ̫սҪΪǿ
սȶƽͱָӹָͨϵͳ򽢶ӷ
֧˽˽ӣеսرƵģᱩ¶Ϣ
ڵдԱСģžԵҳϡ
ڵ֪˿˹ʿϢչ˵飬ܿͽìͷָ
˹ʿ壬֧߽ʿС飬ҪԸʮļϵʿбġ
Ҳӵɱ˹ʿ˹ʿͻĵˡ
鱨ϵͳʼתǰҲʲôܣܽӹ
˵ΪҪɽӣǿʿ
еԭȻǷǳԵģǾҪҵܹɱʿʦ֡
һλʦֶԸоĸ߽ʿһʮļľϵʿҪĴۿɲСҪһʱ֮޷ҵʵʦ
ҪҵһλҪ棬ԸΪһЩԸ߽ʿ֣Ըﰲоɲôҵġ
ÿһλʦǼ佾ģûԼʦ
Ͷ˲Ǳ޴ʿп˹ʿΪʮ߼ϣƿʦĵӣΪʿӡ
˹ʿҲΪеʦӣΪͶ˺Դ
ʶΪ˱˹ʿ䣬Żɳһ֧ܽӡ
˼Ȼҵɱĸ߽ʿôһ֧ҲǾս
ġʿš٣ôȻ¶ܽӵǰܽӼ𹥻
ֻҪڵ뾫ĸɾôʮļľϵ߽ʿҲ䵱
ڰͱָӹڵ콢ʻڣһƬ򱻲һϢװãվһλݿµˡ
Ŀ⿴ϴԶ֮ɫ
ʿϢ򲻵ѣǲֵģͱָӹٿˣ˵
ս֤һλʮ弶ĸ߽ʿ
ʿʮ弶߽ʿΪǿΪ̤һһͳΪһʦ
ϧʧˣȻʧȥٴνĻᣬҲвֱȸ߽ΪǿʮһЩɶڸ߽ʿв
ʿǲֵģڵЩһһΡ
⣬Ҳڽ˼صˣ״ֻ̬Ҫһξͻľ䡣
ÿңҪʿսһʿʣ˵
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ʿʮ弶л˶ʱԴأʱʹʮһʮļ
̾ĲʧǰҪΪһعƽ
ͲԼֻԼǰԵøмֵ
ͱָӹûж˵ʲôŵΪԼĽӾԿΧɱ
ʿšܽһǧʱ̫սʼˡ
ܽӵһҴս䣬ٵԸʽĹʽšʿš˹
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һߣӦԶԶλսתͷܲѡ
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ɡʿšķӦҲ˰ͱָӹٵϣʿšڹǰǰһɲӦ
̶̵һɲǣáʿšܿеĹ
ʿšڶܽһҴսĹ֮£ǿܽӿ
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ͱָӹһָоƺÿһεĹֻһ˿ͿԻСʿš
ս빥ͱָӹٿʿš뵽ٹսѹ룬´µ
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ؼֻҪСʿšһΣͿáʿšٶȼ
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ʱͱָӹٿԿݣôԲᱣǿġ
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Ȼǰܽʿš뵽ûܵĿռ䣬һλ̫սְҵսǲֵܳĴ


345 ս
ʿš֮У˷ǰʱʮ䡣
̫սеһηʿšڽΪʮţǳ䵱á
£ڻٽӽķɵ
ܽӵİͱָӹҲףҪ÷ɵó̫սľϵ߽ʿǲ̫ʵġ
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ʮڵܽӵĴսԣҪƿǲġ
Щս־޷ֵסЩڵ
ʿšڱ֮սҪһЩֵ̫սУս޷ֵסڵĹ
ٹľ룬ʮڸոչ꣬ʿšĽַҲǰʱʮּ˹
ʿšܽӵľ룬ѾСٹһڿٽӽ֮С
䡯ıըУܽӵʮս
һ߿šʿšһ߻жܽӵʵ
ٹʮιʮսɹܿڵĹַӦıȻǾϵʿƵս
Ҳûж⣬ļ֮Уս;ϵʿ٣弶ӵиʿ£ս;ϵʿȻҲࡣ
Ȼʮս٣սܶģھƵӰҪϡ
ܽӵĴԱжηУҪ֪һ֧ǿ󽢶ӶԸһսⱾһȫƽս
ɡʿšûаˣԼҵĽȴǳʧ
ôԱ޷ܵģǡʿšܼУܹҳܵĿռ䡣
һδΡʿšΪĲܾгɹǽӽ
ս֮УǽӵĹ˻ң֮ǰˡ
ܽӵĹ룬͸ܻռ䡣
ʿšڳʱÿʮΣҲ˵ȫÿʮι
ĹڿʼûнʿšܶŵĹ
֮ǰġʿšζڵġʿšֻΪʹھǡʿšһԳ
ٹٹУʿšʮֹ
̫֮ܽһЩͷɴգһЩϵʿƵͷɴҲΪصעҲݻ̫ա
ͱָӹٵɫжǷݹϲ˵ĳ嶯
ǷΪϣûŵϣҲȨйء
ͱָӹٵõϣһţսǿ
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սȫ֮£֮ǰҲˡ
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ֻҪʧȥˡʿšôʧһЩ߽ʿҲ޷ܵ¡
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ﲻŵھͺˣͱָӹ
ܽӵսȻֻǳֻһŵжҲҽЩųĴŵڡ
ŵڴŵļⷶΧΧڸʹóһᱻŵػ֡
ֵֹĺɲԳܵġ
ܽӲûЯ೬ֻ˳Եϵͳ
һֱûлʿšڣΪһȻ޴ȴҲáʿšٶܵӰ졣
ʿšܽʵ̫ˣٹڵľ֮£ܽһҴսĹáʿšܸѡ
⻹ǰսȫ£ûǰսǡʿšʱҲ޷ܼܿĹ
оǳãʮļľܵ˶ƿصĺô
ľĸ֪ÿһĹ·ߣЩ·Ĵγһͼ
ĴԿٷжͼ񣬴ҳŵıѡ
ʵսʽѡ񣬲ǻ̫ս˼·
ĿͲҪӽʹáʿšڽܽӵս̫սʵѡǱһľ룬ܽԶߡ
ܽӽλսһܽӵս֧ܽӸĥ
ǻʵ£㹻սսˡʿšܹṩİ
˾ϵ÷׵˼ʦĻҪ̫սⳡ̫սУָо
ڵ˫ĿͱָӹͬҲڵȣȡʿšӽһľ롣
ʿšܽµһҴս֮ľ룬ٹٵһʮһڿٽӽ֮С
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Ҫþִ֣սڣһһǿȴֹĽ롣
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346 
ǵһڴʩչƿ硯һζ弶սʩչƿ硯
֪ƿ硯Դսšƿ硯ܹԴսСӰ졣
˵ܹԴսɶ˺Ҫʩչжˡ
Сˡƿ硯ƿ硯ʩչ磬ͨ硣
粢ûжԵоγġ
ͬջ̫װã仹оڣȴܹԸ߽ʿŲСЧ
Ȼļܾ弶̶ܾȿݲġ
ĵͬƿ硯磬Ǵһ
ĵűʵϣƿ硯ѹ˴ĵ
̫ս磬һȫ
ͱָӹŹĻϵݣսжϵݡ
׹ʱĻϵݳ˼ı仯ͱָӹٿԿ϶ûп˵ݡ
ôǿҵԴݻ콢ϵɨ豸Ȼ˲ĻϵɨϢʧˡ
ͱָӹٻŲٿ콢ɻûеֽӴĻĻϾͳһĴϢ
ǰϵͳɨϵͳսϵͳϵͳҽϵͳȵȣ콢ϵÿһϵͳڱ
ʿӰһϢװг˰ͱָӹٵԡ
ϳ˺ɫγ˻Ե֣ͱָӹٻС
ҲʱʻгϸС磬Щݻе豸
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ͱָӹû˵ʲôпʿֱѾЩɱˡ
ʱ˿Щɱ⣬ûеڶ
˭뵽ȻֶΡ
ϢųȥԲκսڽӽͱָӹٵ콢޷ס繥ô弶ûһս繥´
ʿĻϣʴŻ֡
ÿʿĵǣЩЩԵģЩʮһϣʮ弶ĿʿȻġ
ûС˼оˣ֧ܽӣЩѾȥĸ߽ʿȫʮһΧš
繥ķΧ˿ʿδ˵߽ʿ˹ΧĹָܹ߽׵Ĺ
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ʮ߽ʿҪת򣬿£ܹȫԼѾˣҪܲĿռת򣬸޷
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˵սڵĴԱڸ߽ʿȫ뿪ЩԱʱͱ촷ۡ
Ӱ˵ϵͳڣӡʿšе
ܹ磬áʿš뵽ķΧڣֻҪһ㲻ʿšͻ䵽һҴսһ³
ϵš񡯻׵ٶȼ죬纣˲ʮ߽ʿĽǰ
ǰ֮ʱСɱطľʹ˳ȥ
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ɱطľǧ׵ľУԻΪΪ
⡮ɱطڰ̶ϣ确طط쫷طȵȵľϵ߽ط
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뿴һǧ׵ľڣĵҪԸھϵ߽ʿⷽľ
ÿһ뾫ϵ߽ʿȼϵʹõ˲жôߵսɣҲ޷ܿ޴ڵĹ
ڣʮ߽ʿ֪ľԼǿ֡
ǵ˲ͱɱط״̬µľƣûеܵʮ߽ʿɱط״̬µľʹǵͷ­
ûʮ߽ʿɱֻ˳ֶΪûнʮ߽ʿɶ֡
Ŀ⿴һǸһɿֲϢڿٽӽ֮С
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ѵʮ弶ĸ߽ʿǿ𣿡ټʮ弶߽ʿչʾԼϢвʵ
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ʿʣҲġ
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һֱ룬رǱ־ϵ߽ʿǧҵľΧôʿ޷Ĺ
ʿϲģڵһ꣬ǲƵͻֽ⣬ͻ١
ǿİʦҲֻһ֮һ֮ͲǿĹ


347 Ծ
ǼԾģľʮļû뵽Լʮļ߶ľϵ̣ȴ޷ƿʿ֡
Ҫ֪ϵĿǰ׶ΣѾܹǿֶˡ
ϵ̳ǰϵʧǱ
ʿжһѳǰѳһǼıǣв˾衣
ÿһһǼŸԲͬЧ
ӦطԷӳ
ǰĸ߽ʿУֻмٵĸ߽ʿӵһǼԼӦ׵ط
ʿʮ弶߽ʿӵֵȼҲʵ
նʿûжñİʦûаٷ֮ٻеĿ֮ǰǲʹðʦġ
Ŀǰõڵʮ弶ʮ弶Ҳƿʮļϵʿľ֡
ʿһĳָ߽ط׵ľ룬һ֮䣬ʹ̵ǰ
ۿŽӰʿϲûκϲɫ
۾ƭˣеһǼᣬʿеһǼûĸо
ʿǳһɹܿˡ
ʮ弶ʦ֮·˰벽벽ʧˣأܹʩչٶѹκһλʮ弶ĸ߽ʿ
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ֵΧڵĸ߽ʿܵˣǿʿʮ弶һǼ߽ͨطЧ
ǷĲ٣Ȼһ˺û񡯻ףƾٶҲԼʱܿΣյķΧ
ˡɱطΪһնڿʿĻϡ
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նʿٴδһеһǼն
һܣһּˡ쫷طһɾΪķ籩ڿʿԡ
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ʿž쫷磬ǿдӾ쫷дȻϵĻֲϵĻζţɾûʧ
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״̬ʮ⣬ڵһһ㣬޷ͨΪԼ
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СĵĵڵİʦĵʮΣ±ֶߣӶǰܡ
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֪˿ʿϴвУûѡܡ
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348 ؼ
ʿһǼ˲䣬Ϊ˫ֳֽ
ʮ֮ʱѾûܵĿܣҪ֪Ҳڳ״̬
λǿĸ߽ʿһͬ棬˻ʮ׵ľ룬˫ٿˣʵûκλᡣ
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ûΣգԼĹͬ޷ˡ
һû˿սǺʹõġ
սʽͶȫǻԼĹȥ޻صĲһ
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ʿҲˣڱ˰ʦҲԼĹʧȥ˿ƣΨһܹģԼĽǰ
ʿ֮ľʧ˫еһǼɨһɫߡ
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ռڿУǰ
¶ȣûϴĻռڼ߹ʱǿռͷ
޶´ʦȻ߹ҵĿռͷ͸ˣó˿ռͷԿ׺ӵõ֤ʵ
óԿ׺󣬿ռͷı˵Ĺâͨʾ
豸Ӱ췶ΧڣҲõı֣˵ռǱˣҲû˭ʲô˼
޹ʵռƷûͬǲڵͼеġ
Ҫ֪ͳĿռ򱻶ᣬ˭֪ʲô̬ȡ
ȻҲΪռ鷳СһЩΪãԼ鷳Ѿ㹻ˡ
ռı棬۾ͿϤĿϲ
ûͣȻ豸Ƚļֵߡ
һ򣬸ſռŨȣŨŨȵ屶
¶Цݣ޶´ʦռҪľ⴦ˡ
Ҫ֪屶ŨȵϵٶȽΪҲǱҵġ
ǱҲ٣ǱҲǴͨûңԼûʲô׬ȡǱҵܲһֱάԼ
˿ռڵͿ԰ѵǱҵ
ã׼뿪ȴֻͣӡ
ľŴ򿪣һֻֻƿӡ
ЩƿȫǸ߽ҩľԡ뾫ϵĸ߽ҩһƿ
ЦҡҡͷǷˡ
޶´ʦͲںһԴȴӣݸлС
еĸ߽ҩսԼĴ洢ռ䣬ӿռͷ˳
ǰĿռͷĴСǿԷڱڡ
ȻƽʱÿռʱǽռЯѵѡ
½ռս˿ռڣռʮ⣬ƾΪװռһ㡣
ֽռսԼĴ洢ռ䣬Ҳ鷳鷳٣ʱ׼ܣһЩҪĶڴ洢ռڡ
ҩߣҲֱӰڴ洢ռڡ
ڴ洢ռ㹻ҩһֱڹ״̬ΪԴԴϵš֥ͨҩ
ڱɳϣжּеı뷨˲٣һƿϵ߽ҩ֮һʱ䶼Դڱչ״̬
һЩǿʵļƻЩƻԶʱԼս
˵ոʧ˲ٵսʱΪŵʱҲǽ䱸ϵʱ򣬵һʱбǸõѡ
е¶ûҪֻҪʵһе鷳鷳


349 
˼һ˱ĹĻһʱƯսʱ鿴һԼϢ
аоӦıҪģڼɶʱ䡣
ԼϢʱ뿪ŵʱϢһرעϢ
𾴵ʿ
ŵ׿ԽףȨAӦҪǰŵǵȡ
ŵ칫ҡ
һżΪϢڷͻȨ̫ߣעرעΪǼٵġ
ҲΪô򵥣ν׿ԽףΪŵṩϸϢ
ϸϢ弶ŵԣǲ弶ľܣʶŻ˵ļ򵥡
Ϣŵ칫ҶЩ׿Խס
ĻAȨޣŵһʱ䣬Ҳ֪AȨжôҪ
AȨ˿ԴֱӵһЩϵȨޣȻԺͨռתվԾʱҲȨ
⣬AȨ޻һελֱŵύ⡣
ȻŴôʮļϵ߽ʿʵҲӦAȨޡ
û뵽ǣ⽱ȻҪǰŵǵȡ
ŵŵǣŵġ
룬ȲżҪǱߵĶ
õǣAȨޣֱӴϵõܶҪϢ˫ãȻˡ
ϷAȨܹ鿴ϣϢҲ١
Ϣռ׸ʿǱߵϢգ鱨׼ȷȡ
Ȼ׸ʿѣ׸ʿǱ˾ˣָǹ
ǲⱻ˵ǹܽº˽ǹˡ
ӵ˰оҳ棬о񱨳껹δˣҲȥߣӦòƭ
һֱ趨ʱѣҡ
Ӵ洢ռȡ˿ռӣռ˳
ռƯУԿ״򿪺С
ǽӥ˳֮ǰҪΪӥսڵ
ԭӥڵֱΪʮһľʮһĻںܳһʱУӥûвսһֱϢ
ӥϢҲʮһڲϵߣǿǵǡ
Ϊս飬ǵʵӢĵȼϢϢصġ
ġӢﵽʮϰӥսʵҲﵽʮ
ӥųƺԿռռŨʮܡ
ǣ˫ֱַ˰ӥϣʮľ˳ƽ뵽ǵڡ
ӥ彫ʮ룬ǿǵߣÿһΣǵͻǿһ֡
սϢҲ¶Цݡ
ֲþ޽սĶʵԻһЩвٵʿȥ˵ʵ󣬴ľսʵ֮
뿴ʮһʱսʮһ߽ʿս൱ʮһ߽ʿʱ򻹲̫¡
ȼߣʮļʱô˼ս͵λʮļ߽ʿս
Ҫһλʮļ߽ʿжôĲף޽սĸ߽ʿֻҪԼﵽˣͿԶһʮļĸ߽ʿս
Ϊǿֻ֮ҪϵԼʵͻᷭ
Ȼ֪ܹ޽սĶУġӢ⣬û˵ͬĸߵȼ
ļʶйأҲ˵ơ
ܹڶ̶̵ʱ䣬ʿһ㼶׷˳ǧ۵ʵ롮ӢǿǷֲġ
ǰһʱ䣬Ϊ׵Ҫǿˡ׶ʹųĻṩӥ
ӥϢﵽһٽû˿谭ӥϢʮ
ʱİӥʮСĴڣʵҪܳʱ佫ڵʮںϣʹʮ׳ΪԼлǵʡ
ͣʮӥǿǵһͱŸϵһ
ֽӰӷ˳Ӱĳ̶ֳϣȰӥǱ
һ棬ӰˡŻ֮ĹӰṩ޵Ŀԡ
һ棬ӰӢڤ뷨ľϵףҲսƵĴڡ
˵Ӱʹ뾫ϵû˶ٹϵϵϵûиı䡣
ġӢڤ뷨Ѿﵽʮļ˵Ӱӵϵȫʮļ
ҪǣӰͬϵӢӰܹӢʮļôȫԴϵʵȥ
Ĳ²⣬ûпƵӡ
ӹƺԳ֣ϵϵǴﵽ˸߽ףҾϵǿһﵽʮļصǰһΣҲ޷ڵʵ
ϵʵ̫ɷżȻԣ޷ƵĹ̡
ûпӦļ¼ұ֤ǰǷйʵ̫ˣʷʵ޷ȷ
²ԼǴʷйҲǼ亱ġ
Ȼ˵ֻҪӰӢʮļͿӰӽӢʮļľ뵽ϵڣַͨʽǿϵȼ
ӰӢʮļҲһ׵£ҪӰӵٶǷ˿졣
ǼģڿľʱӵĴڣ֤ʹø߽׸ҩЧ
ʶĲҲֻǲ룬ϵĲ룬ʵܷʵָ޷֤
ʱӰϵӢֻʮһҪΪӰǿ
Լʮľ뵽Ӱӵϵ֣˲Ӱϵֵľ䡣
ȫͬԴӡǶͬʮľûжӰκһ˺ϵֵľҲһ¡
ӰϵڵľӰӵϵִﵽʮ
ӰһԽ뵽ˡӢ֮УҪʮʵȶ
ķӰӵϣӰӽʮʵȶͿԽķĵȼҲʮ
ķӰӵս飬Ӱӵʵͬķʵ
Ȼķս⣬ֻķʵˣҲԵõ
һֵĲʵǿˣǿԼսûʲôãԺķչȴΪҪ
ļսھϵϣʮļľϵʵ֮սȫʮȻҪǿ̫ࡣ
ϵǻһϵʵҲڷǿһ׷Ͼϵʵ
еӰӣӰһ˿ռҪռڵǴӺζ
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ռڿӰգ⣬ռڵҲҪģΪʲôռû
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ȻҪǵҲûپᡣ
ԭĿռǵϫӶ˵Ĺע
Ҫ֪ռڵռ屶ŨȣټӰһͬĵɲ١
ص˿ռڣʱҲʱ䣬ʼԼ
ϵһξϵڤ뷨ռٶڼ߹ʱû˿
뷨ǲһ֮ſռбչϵʵͿԲϵ
ͷһ֣ͱ׿
Լһ·ʵ֮˵Ǳչġ
رÿһƿҲǱչؾͿԲģҪͨսֵͨͨĻԵ
ͽϵʮʮĸ򣬿ѹƣټͨսõĴֻкʿӵеоϣ˽ʱĸ
⣬ҪϵʵҪľϵ߽ҩ
ȻڻнһƿһƿҲһʱġ
ǲеһɫƬȥҽ޶´ʦֻõ´ʦ߷ʦȡϵ߽ҩ
ֻҲףֺɫƬóһƬóƬôȻг޷


350 
ڶϣѵõ˯˸оԼһࡣ
ӴûʹþԼϴˮϴȫ
ڱƽ̨ϳԵģùͺϣһߺĲһԶľɫ
߳ķ⣬ӥӰӶҵĿռУֻҪԵսͻһֱ
ʿԼɪʿҪ뿪ǣ׸ʿϢͻȻ˹
׸ʿϢУһɴźʶ롣
ƿſǵİȫϵͳġʿšսžϵ÷׵˼ʦԭ޷㵽ʿšźʶ⣬ɴźʶֻҪڿǣܹӴ
ллһϢ
ڿǡ׸ʿֻһϢ˼ס
Щ⣬ֺܿķӦÿǱ鲼Уôûǲڿڲ֡
˵ʵǸ׸ʿѣҪԼɪʿʮһŮʿ
ԼɪʿйϵҲȥĿ˹ʿϵʮļϢѸġ
УԼɪʿһСɫʱִ򷢾Ϳˡ
û뵽ûг֣ԼɪʿȴҪ뿪ˡ
߸ս׸ʿͨˡƿպš뿪յһϢ
пռ𣿡ʿϢҲŵΪѡ
ڿǱߣȥظ
СʱҹʿӦ
Сʱ㹻ˣ˿ʱ䣬
ƿպšٳ̫գ֮ʹáƿպšΪûԼɪʿ뿪̫Զ
ֻҪԼɪʿ뿪˿ǣͻֽԼɪʿ
Сͷɴƿպšʺֶ;УҲ˵Ĺעҡƿպšŵûм¼ģŵҲûôʹù
Լɪʿյ鱨Щݵλйء
ȻйϵʵֻʮһҲûжӰ
ԼɪʿǴ֪£ѵ˽˽ӵŷԼȻ֪ġ
Ҳ֪ؿ֮£ûκεԥʰʻŷɴ뿪ǡ
ȻԼɪʿõϢȴǱ˸е顣
˽˽ӣʮˣǧսٵĸ߽ʿЩȻȫʧ١
˵ʧ٣ʵ͵Ѿ
Ҫ֪֧˽˽Ӳû뿪ŵŵڶķΧŸźŵֶΣһ֧˽˽Ҳ᳤ʱ䲻ϵġ
ȷ˽˽ʧҲΪ˽˽ӻᶨʱϱλãһεĴδϱʱ䣬ټִڼ䣬ôξʹſԲ²⵽ˡ
Լɪʿڵ֪ʵʮļϱ˴£Ϊµõļν
ԭΪʮļľϵ߽ʿ֣˻޷Կġ
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Լɪʿѡ뿪ɲ˵Ľӽ
ֻҪɱʮˣһ֧˽˽ͣͲ
ͷɴ٣˴㣬ͷɴ׼ȫ뿪
ʱԼɪʿĻʾͷɴźʶ뱻ȫĺë
ܵģоΣյ١
źʶһҷɴ֤ЩӵرȨޣҪȫϵͳ֤ʶȨɴ⣬ķɴڽȫϵͳʱҪӦźʶ롣
Լɪʿʱ뿪˿ǣźʶʱ򱻼Ǳ׷ˡ
ܹ׷ģֻǸֲĴڣǸò뿪ǵ
ӣû˿ͷԼɪʿΨһ뵽ľһ¡
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ԼɪʿͨĻһСͷɴڼ׷
ɵһɣѾԿ϶׷ˡ
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ͷɴϼٵĹУԼɪʿĻϵСͷɴٶȱĸ죬һԽԽ졣
ȫСͷɴӦеٶȣɵĽĻϵСͷɴŴСͷɴƺŵ
ٿšƿպšڿԼɪʿͷɴҲоԼƺдˡ
ʿš̵ʱ׷Լɪʿ
ҲԼɪʿܹߣɱԼɪʿԼɪʿһҲڻ֮̿С
ŵ򡯣ǿûʲôǿߣټϴʱѾ뿪˿ǣûжٹ˼ɡ
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ȻּҪǳСģԷɴ˺ģþڡƿպšγһϣǶʱڲԡƿպšˡ
ƿպšͻȻļ٣Լɪʿͷɴľ룬ԽԽ
ԼɪʿоϢʱҲûİ취ֻͷɴӿٶȡ
ľܹӴԼɪʿͷɴʱˡƿ硯һķΧͷɴķΧ
ͷɴֹͣڲŵ˸е豸ƻ
Լɪʿһֱڸ߶Ƚŵ״̬ڷͷɴҪ뿪ͷɴ
ˣͷɴٶȳķӦٶȡ
ԼɪʿΧʮһһϢû֧סͱʴ׸Ǵǰǰ衣
Լɪʿ˻⣬ûгޣΪĽǿڽ
ջˡƿ硯ƿպšڼûκηͷɴըƬ
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еϲãûʲôʣûʲôϵ
ԽǿĺôԽࡣ
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ֻһЩѣ˵ɣЦ˵
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ҪʦϣƿʦǰڱĽ׶Σܵĳ谮ûдﵽҪսĵλ
ʿЩң޷ŵŶãǼµʱ䣬ʵﵽʮļϵʦרõĴս
˵ʦϿɣ˵ʦı
һֱ֮󣬶ʿã״̬ҪԼ˵Ŀġ
ֱһĵĲ죬Щҵȶ
ʮļϵʮϵϵˣʿϸϸһ˸ࡣ
ڸʮļϵϢ֮£ʮϵϢԵü͵
٣ò˶þͻʮ˰ɣЦʵ
ʿϢʮ۷壬Ǹܵ˶ʿϢĻԾʱס
ֻҪʱʿյһ˿ͻΪʮ߽ʿ
֪Ҫãʿҡͷ˵
ŵҲֻжʿŻƺıȻ˶ʱŻˡ
ʿȵģԶʿû˿˵ʲô˵ʲô
˹𣿡ʿֱʵ
ǰڿ˹ʿ޷ȷķӦʿҲ²⵽еԭ
رǿ˹ʿܾ޷ϵˣ˷һɳ˽˽׷ɱ˵ԭɡ
ʬ屻ӽ˺ǣҲû˵
ʿ¶˹ŹֵɫӦʮָ˵ģĶʧʦϣƿʦܵӡ
˸ĿܵõʦϣƿʦеĽʦᣬ
ɶʿ޷ݵĸˣ˹ʿһֱѹҲҪĴɽͻȻɽʧˣЩʧ롣


351 
ʦ㲻õģһΪ˵ģһ󣬶ʿָ΢Ц˵
Ϊϣƿʦĵӣʿ֪ʦµ̬ȵġ
ŵ֮⣬˹ʿϣƿʦǲʵġ
ڿ˹ʿŵڣ֤ʵ˿˹ʿϣƿʦһЩ
ˣ˹˶ԸֶζԸңƺжϴҵʵҡͷ˵
ϣƿʦǷΪ˹ʿͷǱŹ۲̬ȡ
ʿԸɲܾҲʧȥ˿˹ʿԼʿϣƿʦıػΪҲиĻȨ
ĺãʿ뵽Լ̲ס˵
ιΪ̽˹ɣЦʵ
̽˹ֻǸΪһ˽˽ӵ֧˽˽ǲǷ㣿ʿܵľʵЩ࣬ѯʺ󣬲Լ˵Ŀġ
һҴսսȷʵңѾҽˣȻûͷϵ
ʮˣСսӦнǧսˣûߵģʿ׷ʵ
⵹˵£Щ޷
˽˽ӣڸлǷǳġ
弶ĴսôôݻٵģĴսﵽ֮ʱܹγǿĹ
߽ʿҲ޷ǿĽǰ˵״ݻ֧˽˽ˡ
ʮˣʮʮµĸ߽ʿһпµʮ弶߽ʿеսܴСûߵģ׼ȷս˵˳
ʿһв˹ϡ
˵ʵǰļЩ£ɱôˣǴݻ٣Щûн𾪴
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弶ŵɱȻûаԵʱɱϡ
ʿû˰ɣʿ뵽˿ʿæʵ
û£ûˣЦŻӶһȭͷص
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ʿĹ䲻ʦ𣬵ڸ߽ʿҲ޵ˡ
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ʵǰʦǿߵĴȻûʦȴҲ֮ͨҪǿһЩǿŲС档
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һЩȴͿе档
ʧȥ˽˽ӣʧȥһʦսʵֵĺʱ
ֻҪһЩϢ͸©ȥٴмϵкܶеġʿЦ˵Ĵ㡣
٣᲻Ὣǣû뵽ʿĴ㣬ʵ
ǰһֱңųֵĺɣʦϣƿʦ޷˵ʲôҲǵΪ㣬ҲΪԼǣͷҵҲԴлһЩ棡ʿЦŻش
ҲûȰŶʿµжϡ
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Ϊŵʮ߼ʦĵӣеʮʿӴʳνǼḻڿϵĲƷʱûпƺñ顣
⵹˵ʳжô󣬶ЩƷдûмƷӰӡ
ʿĿһ֮£ûʳ
ʮĹϵҲЩ¿ʣЩǲʵġ
ͺʿ뿪ˣҪȥ¡
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һʱ䣬̫豸ʹýо볢ԣ̫ԭ˿˹ʿʹҪͬ
˹ʿΪһ壬Ϊ˲еĸ߽ʿ룬Ҫ岼õ㹻
ҪֻҪһƬܹյͿˡ
ҲԾܵļٶܾģѾܾļֵٶʱûлܾ;ġ
вܾҪﾡãһ˷ѡ
ǹϵ򡯵ٶȣֱӰսҪһ
ھεսˡ򡯵Ŀ֮򡯵ĴΧʽȫ޾κΧ
ȻΧߵʵСڵԼ򡯵ĵȼƿ硯ʱһٶʮİ뾶Χڣڶ̶̵СʱڽЩȫɱ
⣬򡯸ǶԸսʵսļ⣬弶Ĵսڡ򡯵Ĺǰû˿ķء
ͬģֻҪսڰ뾶һٶʮķΧڣôٶĴսҲ˲䱻١
Ŀǰǡ򡯵ĵȼ̫ˣϵʵﵽʮ򡯵ĵȼΪֶСһ֡
õ̫һٸƽҲ̫Сˣ̫ٵĵпӦ֮á
̫豸ľбһǿʡ
ƤϴУһȷԼԵĿжǿ
̫׿оеģԶԸ߽ʿ
̫׵Ұʮִ̫ױֲܾһȱݡ
ɾǽ̫ײõôСķΧӴҲûʲô̫Ӱ졣
񣬿ʼˡ򡯡
򡯵һôǸҪʱ䣬ֻҪкʵͿһֱȥ
һθоÿһϸ˷ܣÿһϸеġͼơڷ⣬ͼơĵսϸ֮С
̶ʱȡĵѾ֮ǰһʱʹõ豸ĳɹ
Ϊܹרľ˱֮УԱϵͳ´
ϵͳῪȫϵͳκνӽ䷶Χķյ档
áʿšϵͳǿпķܵʿšĹ
뵽˱չؽ׶ΣڱҿռڣӰҲʹû豸ӰʹַʽٶҲûпʱӰӵǴ
˵ӰֻҪǣͿԲ򡯣ҲҪעġ
򡯵Ҫҵһ˹עĺǣҪǰȥѰѡ񣬲Ǹһʱ䡣
ΪԼΪҪģʵ״̬֮УҲҪʵӿ״̬תΪȶ״̬ŻῼӰӵʵ֮¡
֮ļʱ䣬ڱչزµ״̬
ϵ뾫ϵһ⣬ʱ䶼̫ڣ򡯡
ڼ䣬׸ʿϷϵͳԶϢ֪ڱչ֮С
ͨϣûֹͣԼ֮ȷһԡ
ʿ̸֮ŶʿһжӦʿȴһʱ䡣
˵оˡ򡯵ٶȣʮʮֽӽˣ֮¡
׸ʿ֪չʹȨ޼ǿ16űİȫȼǵĸλ߽ʿϢҪǲҪıչء
˵˸߽ʿˣܿ16űǾǽ
ڿǵӰɲǳʱûȨ˼ʵͿ׸ʿڿǵĵλˡ


352 չ
鷳鷳ҵϡ
ͻȻ֮䣬ʮҵ֣һֲ
ԭϱϹܣԱڣֲϢʼ
ЩֵĶŵ䲻ǿ󣬵һҲԶԸ
Ҳеӵģǲ˸ַЩ鷳ͬʱҲչ˷
ɴ٣ǳܵش
˽˽ûгµٵķӦɳ˽˽Ӵ鷳
˽˽ûˣٶʱҪ齨һ֧ս˽˽ǲ̫ʵġ
˽˽ӿɲǵսͿɵģΪҪľԱ⡣
˽˽ǲŵϿɵģҪ˽˽ӵĴԱžԿŶȣҳϿɲͿģҪСϴԣͨϵͳѵܹʵ֡
ȻЩʧǲܵģͨһЩҵеĵĲҵϣͿԱס
ҲЩԸ⿴ģҲûҪľҧһ⡣
˭ʵƿص治ȣһ㲻֪ãһ֪ĺǶЩ³
Щķڶ̶̵İ֮С
Ҳǰʱ䣬ӽڴ˶׵ĴڣҪĲҵеһϱڱ
ҲûԸˣûлָԪ֮ǰڲֶԸġ
Щɲ֪ڱչص״̬
һƬ֮еչ¶ϢȰ֮ǰҪǿһ
ǵģ̫ͨĵɹԼġʮ
Ҳڱչصĵ죬򡯾ʹﵽӯ״̬Ĺ̳ϵ˳žϵ鴫ĸˮɵĽˡ
ڽʮ̫׵ЧȻЧڲϵƽš򡯵
ϧµҲܾĴĿǰ̫豸еܾܾˡ
ĵһ£ɢ¶һԵ̫豸
ֻʱͿٴνˣε
ļ㣬ٶȣ򡯻ﵽӯ״̬
ֻҪĻĸȫԽƵʮĳ̶ȡ
ʮġӳԱʮļϵ
Ҫ֪ڶԸϵʿʱԽһԿģ˵ԽһֻǶԸһе߽ͨʿԣѾǼˡ
ܾܾľɨ̫ף֪̫ܺڲĿնЩеҪõܾˡ
ܾʲô弶Ը߼ռѷй©оɹγǾܣ̽ġ
ΧܾоҲ弶ͻƿƼ
νͻƿƼָоͬĵ·
оиȻϳԼ뾫
ܾΪģܾڲΧܾĿƼͻƿƼ
Ծһ£Ŀǰ޷ӴܾڴСΧоĺ
ڵİоûܾоҪǰооװʿģʿűܵų⡣
ȻҲ밲оʵйоûв뵽ּоʸ
ǰʦҲڴ֮һʱ䣬Ҳ޷ܾоʸġ
ţ̫豸ս˴洢ռ䡣
鿴һϢǸ׸ʿĶϢǹġ
жʿϢֻм֡ˣ
ͨ׸ʿϢ֪£Ҳ˶ʿϢʲô˼
˵ʵûʦʵûжٵη塣
Ԫˣٺܶûʵ鷳ҲǶʿΪ鷳ˡ
ȴһ£Ȼ˹ʿ̫豸ܾҲӦͬԴ
Ҳ˵һܾĿ棬Ҫȡܾ
ҲҪǰŵǣȥȡĽ
뵽ҲûгɣǸ֮ˣ뵽֮УڿռнӥķӰȫսսָ
ռս˿ռӣռս洢ռ䡣
Щˡʿš׸ʿһϢͼʻšʿš̫ա
뼸߽ʿĵĸ׸ʿ˿ԼݿϢ
Ϣϲ¶˹Źֵɫ
ǰʵϢ뿪£Ҫ˵ûйϵɲš
ûκҪϢȥ뷨Լı˾ûи֪˼
ͨһڰʱ˥ܵľ׸ʿһĻڲôôѵϡ
ô˵ҲһڴĴڣɱһȺĬ֮£Ķڽڰˡ
Ҫ˵ûָӲݣû˭š
Ļ֮Ƿйأһǿ϶ģǾ˽˽һǸˣЩж
Ҫ֪Ǽɴ֮£ΪûǿĻҲû㹻Ԯ
˽˽ӻڣٿԱɴ٣ĻֻҪܹⳡ֮ս˭ʤ˭˵
׸ʿ˽˽ӵĸһйأټҲ֪Լɪʿ³
ԼɪʿҪ͵͵뿪֮Ǹ׸ʿ֪ģʱԼɪʿѾʻɴˣɻûӵĶԶͱ
̸׸ʿɸ׸ʿȴ֪׷ɱԼɪʿĹ̷ǳɣǰ󲻹һСʱͻӴˡ
Щø׸ʿ˿Сй©Ϣıһĳǿڡ
׸ʿǳʲô𣿡Ӣʿ׸ʿ񣬲ʵ
ֻ뵽һЩ£׸ʿعЦŻ˵
ǰŵǵʮַ㣬ӿǳֻҪǰռתվͿͨһԾ㣬ֱӵŵԾ㡣
šʿšϵͼԡʿšĺٶȣ̲ᳬСʱ
ʿšСʱ˿ռתվ弶ɴٶȣҪĸСʱ
ռתվʮֵæµرǰŵǵԾ㣬ʮҷɴڵȴ룬ԶзɴϵĹ
ʿš󣬾ͽ˿ռתվǣҪʿšĶ
ʿšǣųһŶӵķɴ׼ԾķɴҲͣ
£ŶӵķɴûκԹԣǶʮӵȨ޵ķɴ
ǡʿšԴھϵ÷׵˼ʦȨAȨޣӵǰͨԾȨ
Щرĸоû뵽弶ŵУųΪȨײһ졣
ͨԾ㣬ʿšٴγʱѾһռתվ
ĿռתվģԶǸǸռתվԾʮķɴӴ
ռתվԾ㴦ŶӣдķɴǻڿռתվΧ֪ǵȴ׼ŶӣĿġ
ǰĳΪԾɴĳ۵ķΧڣǷɴ
ЩɴдСȻʿšִսǼΪġ
Եʿšʱ󲿷ֵķɴÿ
ļԭĺ٣⴦Ծ㵽ŵǣҪСʱĺо롣
ʵϣһκеķɴʵڹ࣬áʿš޷չٶȣ㾭СʱǺξ롣
ʿš٣ûżŵǣ̫Զ۲һŵġ
ŵǷǳ޴
עĲŵǣŵΧ߮ŵս塣
弶ս壬弶ǿսһսųƿɻһ弶֪սĿֲˡ
սػŵǵҪλ
Χŵǣʮǡ
֮ΪǣΪʮǵʵ̫룬ǱͬľٶȣΧŵתš
ÿһǶǳܲŽĹ۲һǼͬһͨ
ŵĳ̶ֳϣڶĻ㼯ʹŵܹе˿ڽһ֡
Ҳˣ󲿷ֵķɴͣʮǣŵǵķɴǳ١
ʿšŻٶȣҲ뵽ŵǵķΧȫɨ貨ɨʿš


353 
ʿš׼ŵǣӭʿرϵͳŵǷΧʹϵͳᱻȫϵͳΪƵŵ
ڸղŵɨУŵǰȫϵͳȷݣõ˻׼ŵǵȨޡ
¼һ顮ʿšϵͳȫرյ״̬ɲΪʿšϵϵͳ⣬ܵǿֲս幥
ʿšĵгһ·Ŀλڵͣƺ
Ҳ֪ԼġʿšǲֱӽеģᡮʿšĴСսҲܽУ˵⻹ŵС
ʿš˴㣬ͨϴԿϵľɫ
˵ҲĸǣǱǰ弶𺳵ˡ
Ӧ½ؼٿеأÿһضˡ
ŵǵĺ渺ά̬Ҫã֮ÿһξͻںϵĴֲ
ƺΪֲ½رʹãŵǶԺĿҲ͵Ϊֹûסں֮ϡ
޷жŵǵܹɶˣŵǿһų
½֮ϣֳַ˶ΣԲͬĸ߶Ȱչ滮õ·ߴţӸ߿¿ʱŵѪܡ
ϵȻܶ࣬ǶΪ
ʿšнͣƺӡʿš¡
óݿʱݿҲʾһͨ·ŵǵͨжϳǰĿģΪƶĳз
ȻУͻյһݾˡ
AȨޣҲҪǰĿģܹŵǡ
һɳͣǰԶ򿪣ͬʱݿⷴɳϢ
˷ɳɳϸƶͨ·뿪ͣƺ뵽ɵ
һɵɳߵʮ׵ĸ߶ȣ߶ȵķǳ٣ӦǷAȨ޵ĸ߶ˡ
ڽǵĹУֻһķɳɵĸߣȨޱҪߡ
עĽṹŸ֪һ£ʿھеıΪٷ֮塣
Сٷ֮壬ǵʿҲǧ֮һңŵҲˣŵĳʿߵ
ŵǵľģԳڣհٷ֮ʿŵǵʿжٵ
ڣ뵽֣ͷƤ֮С
⣬֪еʿձʶǳʷٳˮƽ
ԲżȻģһĳԭ
ϧûʶˣҲû˭ʲô
ɳȻƶõ·ͣһֺĽǰ
Ĵŵı־ڴ߸վһλŵʽ׵ʮһ߽ʿ
ܹ֪ʦϢԲֹһλ
ŵᣡг⽨ڡ
ǵģ·ָģŵģŵڡ
ҲֻŵֵطŻλ߽ʿڴվڡ
˷ɳ˫ûŵأŵʮŴŷƽɽ롣
⵹Ҫʲôŵľϵ߽ʿˣɲֳʲôࡣ
Ȼ˵Ҳвٵĸ߽ʿܹﵽʮļĸ߽ʿʱҲֻһλ
ǰʱλʮһ߽ʿԵĹעƺͨϵʾͨûʲôٶ
ʱһλʮһϵ߽ʿ߷˹
ʿãʮһϵ߽ʿͣǰ΢Цʺ
΢΢һ㶣ɲŵڻþϵ߽ʿΪӴԱôݳҲˡ
Ƿʿҵʦ÷׵˼ʦҽӴģʿЦż͵
ԭ÷׵˼ʦ˵ĵӣ̫鷳ˣЦŹл
ʿȵǱаСʱϰ࣡ʿָָԶϢ˵
˵ͷ뷨ʿһͬϢ
ûпĻľϵȼʮļʿ£Щ̫ȷʵ
յʦ÷׵˼ʦϢ󣬾ͼ˽ϡ
÷׵˼ʦصϢʮľϵʿû뵽Ŷãֽˡ
÷׵˼ʦ֮ǰʱһʮһľϵʿ뷨ʿԼľϵȼͬ
ʿ֪ľϵȼȫˡ
ǵģǻ㹻ͽˣЦųϵ
ʿһûпƺԼı飬ǳ˳飬ʮʮļһ¶ûел㹻
Ҳڴŷʿ𿴷ʿʮһľϵ߽ʿɴӷʿϣԸ֪Ϣλʿ䲻ᳬʮꡣ
ʿǾϵĶţͿԳΪ߽ʿδǱ޵ģҲѹֻᱻ÷׵˼ʦΪӡ
ʿǵһŵǰɣоôʿټ֮ǰĻ⣬ʱܸܲţת˻ʵ
ŵ˺ܶ࣡ʵʵ˵
ŵǵĽʲôģʲôرģܶཨС
ŵرľǾӴľټʮϵľϵ˿ھԳ
Ҳˣŵǵȷʵܶ࣬ʿռȸ֪࣬ԭ𣿡ʿЦʵûеظͽ˵ŵǵľ񼸺ͨɸѡģǸ߽ʿĺ
ŵŬֵĳٶɻǰĵƤ鳤ΰľƶһƻŵǱΪʿҡ
ʱѡ౻ˣһķܣ˽ĳɹ
Ȼֳַʽİ취еƵĲ
ֻŵǻɹģȻⲢܰǱߣǱߵʿѾﵽ˰ٷ֮ٵıʡ
߽ʿѪУȻȻʿĻڡ
ʿֳֵܹĻȻܵͣͨʿϣܹһʿõơ
Ǽ仺ģҪһ㶼ѡ
ȷʵΰḶ́̾
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֪÷׵˼ʦ˼Լ˼ôǲᵽŵǡ
˵ŵǲãŵǶκʿԣõĵط
ӴʿζŸΪȫʿƶȡ
Ǳŵǻܵӡ
ǵĸ࣬ɲֻϵ뾫ˡ򡯣Ӱˡ򡯣ⶼǲܹġ
Ҫһʱ䣡ҲûоܾȷʵҪеĵʧ
ûϵ뷨ĻϵʿЦ˵
ʿ֪ʦ÷׵˼ʦΪӣĿǰʦǱ߻ֽ֪һΣŵǣΪӽʦʦǳ˵ġ
ʱˣҴȥȡʿ˿ʱ䣬վ˵
طУǲûᣬȡĵط񴦣ŲԶλá
񴦣ʮλԱУһλʮһĸ߽ʿ˷ʿϳ˹֮ɫСǰ
ʿ£߽ʿ뷨ʿʮһȴ˾
λʿҴȡģŰһ£ʿ߽ʿ̬Ⱦͷǳ⣬˵
ʿһ£߽ʿ˵ߴһĻ
߽ʿĿд˾֮ɫ¿Ļƺ֤ʵʲô
ʿʿҪˣ߽ʿ˸˵
ʿŵڲʮҲĽƺЩ⣬ôҪˡ
Ҫ֪񴦵ĴɲͣȻȼڸ߽ʿ㲻ʲôͬϵ
һ칫УǼ˴
ʿˣĽһֱ޷ģʿ˵ͷ󣬶εĿЦ˵
ʲôĽʿ̲סʵ
ûشһǽǰɨ衢룬ǽڴ¶Ĺӡ
зһֻͼƵСӣʿڿСӺͶŴˡ
ʿôҲû뵽Ľ÷׵˼ʦĵӣҲԽƷһ֮ġ
ѹе뷨һʮһ鶫ʱ仹磬һ棬Ĵﵽ÷׵˼ʦΪ׼ġ
ֱҺҺҩʿպãСĵĽͼƵСȡ͵ǰ˵
ӹСӣ֪ϵͼƽڵϢȫ


354 Ǳ
ʿ㲻Ҫκ͸©ݽϸݣҽˣй©Ϣ뿪񴦣ʿ뿪þ
һݣʿȻ˵ôСеƷȻǼҪġ
û˵ҺҺҩ֣ŵʱ仹̣ӴʿϢйء
һעģҺҺҩʲôã֪ڲʣ뿪ʣܻи鷳ֱþʵ
ʿû뵽ʣһ²뵽ϵļ¼εЦЦ
ҺҺϵʿʦĻԴϾҩǾϵʿʦĻԴ֪һԴжô˰ɣʿþΪ͵
סˣ˵ʦԴ
Ǽǵöʿ˵ʦϣƿʦλʮ߼ʦյĽʦԴֻݶѣʿ˹ʿǾеһݡ
ʿ˹ʿ֮ΪԴ
ǻΪһϵʦԴеһףȴǾϵʦԴӵ
ʿллѣ֣صĸл
Ҳ֪ΪŵʲôĹףܹõһԴ˵ӦõģʿЦ˵
˷ɳųͣƺȥ
Ҳ֪ΪһεĽҪԹȡ⽱뿪ŵᣬͻᱻ˶ϡ
еΪ˳Ϊʦĸ߽ʿǻΪһ׽ʦԴκ¡
뵽ľչСĵĸ֪ܵ
ĵǣûи֪пӸУٴʱǰȫġ
ȻǿڹҲһͽСӷŽ˴洢ռ䡣
ʿšڿն𣬵ľɫıСܿͽ뵽̫գ˳źſռתվȥ
ƺǷʿǱ߱ˣֻ뿪̫죬ʹ֪Ҳûʱ
ټŵ߿ɲֵܹٵռתվһ֮УַɴûжϹ
鷳AȨޣʿšͨԾ㣬һԾʱ
鷳кܶ࣬׾ϵʦԴ˸鷳Ȼ׾ϵʦԴҲãҪ鷳
֪ʿǱܹϢãɲǷʿ÷׵˼ʦɽ
ûʲôĸ߽ʿõ׾ϵʦԴǵõֵɽ㡣
ǰԭƻУϢȥǰϻؿǣϴĬĬ˵
ͨԾ㣬ûлؿڵԾ㣬ѡһԾ㡣
ʿšɵһķϵʿšڣֻ
̫Уƿպšȡ˳ƿպšԾķС
Ӱķ˳ķվļϡ
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λ˹ʿʬ屻ˣûر֤ݵ£˹ʿϢҪһʱġ
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ݿһЩ˽ʱҪε֤
֪ûܹƽ弶ݿ޷ҵġ
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ķҵϢԼϵķԸ
ķϢνʮˣһһ޷ϾͽķС
ݿ׸ӰӣӰݿ
ݿϵĹϢ˸˹ʿͣͫסָƵȺܶݡ
ӰӿݿϵݣҲڲϵı仯ţһ֮λɱĸ߽ʿ˹ʿˡƿպšС
ʱǰԾˣˡƿպšڡ
ӰӲٿšƿպšԾ㣬ЩƫƧԾֻһ
Ծİȫ豸һɨ貨ƿպšڵɨһ飬ӰݿϢ
ڷɴСͷɴСͷɴ弶ʱɴʶСͷɴϢӡ
Ծͨ˶ԡƿպšˣƿպšĹĻʾѡԾ㡣
ڹеһķǷǳǿģֻҪѧϵͳֱӷֶ֣θ޷
ݿӰӱ仯ͣҲûбԾ㷢⡣
ƿպšԾ㣬ռת֮䣬һ̫ա
šƿպšϵͼ°ǻĸСʱĺ̡
ڽкʹӹгˣӰսսָ֮²ҪӰӡ
ںҪ°ʱƿպšҲ
񡯻ףȫڵͬ㣬̫пٷš
ǰǵ°ǣͨϵĵͼҳ˴ڵ°̫յ̫ջء
ǼΪӴ̫ջأĽ裬ʹȫΪ˽
֮˵˽Ϊ̫ջҲûжٲ
ĳżҰĵģ뽫ؽһԼ
ŵǲ˽еģɵİȫϵͳҪڽ˽е޷ġ
̫н̫ջأѵѡ
̫ջأԽһļƻеġ
Ȼ̫ջػȵ°СһЩڿÿռϣпѾ˵°ǣΪ̫ջصڲǿʹõġ
˸׸ʿ̫ջصĵͼݵͼϱ̫ջصĴ󲿷
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ǰâһϵޱ̽ǰĵڶϵϵޱܹ̽ӵĹǿһЩ
뾫ϵޱ̽ĸйأ⾫ϵϣʹܹظľ
һϵޱ̽
ҡҡͷһȻһЩԶԶûдﵽ˼ܲʩչʱ
ĳ׻̫ˣյط弶մԴͬϵ߽ʿʱԵʵˡ
һϵޱ̽ս˴洢ռ䡣
ϵޱ̽ɶʱǲʹõģǰ˼ܲõľϵһȡ֤ʵϮй
ҲҪȷȥŵ¼ĵȥٿ
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ǿǱңĲƸһˢ֪
ɲʻֻʻǱҵľ޶֡
˵һŲʻУһڵŵǱҡ
ŵǱңһ֣ûб仯һŵǱȻӴ󣬿òϡ
˵ˣһóһŵǱңҲʵ̫һЩ
֮ǰľϵޱ̽һںܳһʱУһŵǱҶʻУת뵽Լݿڡ
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˵Ȼ˵Ǳңǰ˼ܲݣָǿռڵƷԵ̫ˡ
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Щϧǰ˼ܲõľϵطԭΪָǿռоûоϵطҲӦһЩھϵصĵϡ
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Ҳֻڿٳɳڣѧϰ֮еʿŻĵϡ
˼ܲõʬϷʯʬʯȺؽκ󣬾ͻΪƬ
˿еָǣĿռȻָǵռƷɲϰߡ
ӰѾ˿ռƷռƷսսָ˽ӥþ֪˽ӥ
ӥָǷԼë£ǻۿɲͣʼϤָǵӦá
ľص洢ռ䣬һȡֻ͸ӡ
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ֽǹǹʱоǹﵽ˰˰ٹ
ԲǹĴС˵ǹʹõĲϾԲ
Щ棬ΪβǹһǼϸϸ鿴˲ǹĩˣȷǾǶǼıǡ
ǹƽˣŵڵľŲǹ㼯
ɲǹľû˿ķӦüͷһ壬ǼǹĻǲǹǼһĴˡ
ŵ˻ʮĻһǼǹͱǼǹ롣
ӦĿ죬ж˻ϵֵϵֻƬ̵ʱ䣬ԭͲĻһ뻹Ҫࡣ
ֹͣǼǹǼǹҵķӦһʱԹźš


361 
ְܹҵսѵڵʹ÷棬νרҵеרҵ
Ǽǹ˵ʹ÷Ӧ˵ƣǼǹ;ǹ֧
Ǽǹǹڶ׼ͷʯȺ
Ϊ˷ֹʲôⷢ񡯻׵׷£ĵΪԼһ㾫֡
ָǼǹǹȻһǿĺǹϡ
㹻ټϡ񡯻׵ļӳɣûܵǼǹķӰ죬Ҳһʼȫ׼йء
ǹ֮УһССĺɫ͵ͷԼٶȴͷʯȺ
ɫ͵ͷڵһʯϴһС󲻶ϵĴһʯֱʧľΧڡ
ľΧǴﵽһٶʮССĺɫ͵ͷȴ˲͹롣
У;еʯȫ䴩ôʯûܹ谭ɫ͵ͷٶȡ
ûΪɫ͵ͷٶ빥оʲôȣǶǼǹЩʧ
ΪǼǹûдﵽʦ𣬲ϾȻˡ
ӸղŵУ֪˶ǼǹĻͶ벢࣬ʹöǼǹӦûдﵽߵı׼
ղŵһɫ͵ͷѾﵽܹвʮ߽ʿ
һЩôǼǹȫвʮ߽ʿ
ǼǹԼĻģϵȼԽߣǼǹҲԽǿ
⻹ֻʮǼǹͿɱʮ߽ʿ
ʵﵽʮʮļأǲǾͿɱκһλ߽ʿˣ
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ԴǼǹ̬ȣǵҪĿɲι۵ıɶǼǹǲǰʦ
ΪǶǼǹĹʽĸ߽ʿԣǼǹĹʽҪǿ
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ܱûǿľֻռȫսԼĴ洢ռڣɲὫЩ߽ײ±˱˵ġ


362 
һ䷿߹ЩȫǷÿռװĸ߽ײϡ
ֱһ䷿ʱſ˲ͬ䷿ڳһֻռ⣬ֻСһЩĺӶԷһԡ
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363 Լ
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ʧȥ˷̬оϵЩɣӾϵڳһһ꣬һͬǰĿֲ֮С
ֲס꣬Щ걻Լľϵڲ
־ϵԼķʽΪ򵥴ֱԸĻʱͨεľ鿴εͨݻٲεǵ꣬òαɵӡ
ΪЧľϵԼͨͼԼھϵ߽ʿЧԼʽ
ԼʽȴֻĿǰ²ŻᱻǩһѹƣͬʱҲҪԼͳ꣬޷Լ
θоԼľϵƿأʵȫָûа㿪ģΪɻġ
ˣһ£ʵﵽԱָʵﵽʲôļ𣿡γʵ
ԭӦǩϵԼ֮ǰѯʵģǳûʸ񷴿ĴΣһġ
ѯʣԵû˿ķ֮ġ
εǻۿɲͣΪоΣɲֻǾо
ʵﵽʦͿˣӰӵĻش
ӰӵĿУ˼ǿģһֽʦ˱Ȼܹﵽ̬
˵λɣ뵽˴˵Ŀֲ
ο֪֮ǰ£Ǳ̫ջصоôĸ߽ʿҲûҵ˵ڡ
ʵ˵˴ӵű޷ʵ
֪ΪΣȴһɣһλˣҲǲĽ
Ȼкܳһʱ䣬Լɻƣǳûѡ˵һĳΪʦǴ˱ȻҪһΪΪһԱ
ΪӵһλʦǷͶʣɽȴ롣
£а취Ȩ𣿡Ӱʱʵ
ûȥܻڻеλΣλε֮ǺıѡȻν˾ϵԼôһ¾ǽԸȨޡ
ȻȨޣҪȨ޿Ƭ֪ſƬ𣿡ûκξܾ˼ͷ˵
ΪоΣӵгԵȨޣȨ޻ҪȰ˼ܲøߡ
Ҫǰ˼ܲøо񣬰˼ܲս;ϵ߽ʿټĴͳоųȻĵλ
Ȩ޿ƬɣһŽɫƬ֣Ӱʵ
ǵģȨ޿ƬβɷɲͶĵһϾʧˡ
̨߽ҩ豸ʧԻصԭλá
ˣԴ״̬ʱĺܵͣṩԣҪ֧ˣֽ˵
ҪʲôӰֱʵ
ͿҪҪһ̨һܹ㵽߼͸ˣλش
ǾҪһʱ䣬һģӰӻش
ҡҡͷԻҪһЩʱˡ
Ҳܺ⣬ԵһǼֲģ弶Ҳ޷óԲҪͿӴ㡣
һ֪ʲôƾͿ̽Ⲣʲô¡
£ƽ߽ҩ豸ĹȨ𣿡Ӱӵʵ
ˣԲõĸ߽ҩ߰ȫȼǳߣģȳԿƽ߽ҩߵĹȨ޷ǳ׵ģæ͵
Ҫûдɣʮֵ顣
ȻҲ޷ɣʲôûУǿ֣߰ȫĸ߽ҩ豸Ȩ⣬ʮΪѡ
һЩԣҲóȻ֣Ҫ֪߰ȫĸ߽ҩ豸Իװõģһ㲻ãǺǸ߽ҩ豸ٻȫʧ
ˣҿʲôӰӽʵ
ǶǼǹսָڣڲεǰ
ǹǹҲˣһڽг˶Ǽǹ֡
ʶģ˵˵ɣӰʵ
ǰһλʦλʦŵǴ֮һ˵ǹǳֲӵԽɱеλش


364 
˵ͷǹĲ²벮˵Ĳ࣬һʦ
£ΪʹãǷЩ̫ףͨӰʵ
ǹͼһĴڣǹںܾǰǳǹ뿪˻أᱻʦǿ߶ϣκһλ߽ʿУǹǲȫģλش
ЩĵĿӰӣ˵Լ뷨ֲҡ
ǹǿӵǹڸ߽ʿǼ鷳£Ϊǹ߽ʿʹãԭ
жϣǹȻ鷳鷳̫ˣرһõջ񣬼ҲǸ鷳
Ӵĸ߽Դһ֮УŵķɱԼӰԭ򣬵ǲʲô⡣
ôӴĸ߽Դһʱر˻ûǿıôȻͻᱻܶϡ
Ȼʮļϵ߽ʿôǿҲֻǸ߽ʿֻҪκһλʦֻһ;
£ϣȰ˵ǣӰӵ˵
ʱλѹãȻĿܣǵľϵֱƣʹԶϵ߽ʿķӦ
˹ءնˣ¶΢Ц˵
˹նΣͬʱ뵽ʲô鿴Լ塣
ʮǣѹʱҲһ
ڿԼûжʧ֮֫ǿ򲮶µĿдʡ
˹ءնҲ֪ĿǰĴʵ˵ˣǻزȥˣҲ޷ڶˣҾͶˣϣҲһολΣÿеȰ˵
ʮϣλһѡ񣬲Ϊλε飬Ϊ⴦ռȥ
Ϊ˲Լ¶ΪܹҲĿдſ֮⡣
λξþòŲ˵
ǶǴˣ̬֪ľˡ
Ƕһۣ˴жûʲô֡
ΣԸͶλͬʱ˵
ǵľʮָˡ
ǾǩϵԼҪһʱ䣡ʮļ֣Ӱӳ˵
λνԵľһͳǩ˾ϵԼԼλξϵֵķ
ԺǵľʲôҪͨԼ֪ͨңӰ˵ȻʧսָС
ͬӰʧģгǹ
Ҳûпλһʩսָǵû˿⡣
սָг˸׸ʿϢϢû˵ʲôֻǷϵ
һ£ûлظ׸ʿ˼
ʮĿǰľƣ׸ʿԼ׸ʿйһὫ̫ջصϵ
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¼ĿܷչƣҪעЩʲô
ӽAȨ޲鿴ǷصϢ
ô飬ͳ˴صϢ
Ծķ֣ǲҪٿĿвˡ
Ϊһٲ󣬾Ȼʼ˷ֱ鱨ʾڲĸ߽ʿϵ֮以಻
ڶ̶̵ʱУͲи߽ʿͬʱһЩĲƸ
Ĳָ߽ʿ޷赲Ҳʱ赲Щ߽ʿȥ
Щĵĸ߽ʿΪᷢ͵ĸ߽ʿս˲ֲƸ
˭֪ʧȥ˸߽Դ֮󣬴߽ʿĵ£ƾĵĸ߽ʿزסӴĲƸġ
˵ûг군֮£Сֱӽ嶼Ǿ¡
飬Ҳж汾š
ɫأΪЩ汾˵£սÿһϢĸ߽ʿ񾭡
Ӵĸ߽Դ߽ҩ䷽ٵʦʹõټоɹЩκһλ߽ʿն
һ˻ɶô֮Ե鷳Ǿ޴ġ
õǣĿǰϢ֮Уûᵽ
Щ֪ȴΪ˶ݾ޴Դ
ֵ֪ܲܵסЩ̰ȻŲֵܳĹ涨ǰĺ˵
Ҫ֤ܵˣ
һ㶼űİȫϵͳİȫϵͳ弶ģһ弶зǳȽġ
ֻһ̫ջأ̫ջоһǿĵжô¡
İȫϵͳЩԣ衣
ܳһʱ䣬ֻҪûǿϮͻڱ֮бչ
Ҫ²İȫϵͳٲ֡
ҪһԼɹ̫ջأЩѣ̫ȫϵͳ
ǿȫϵͳ˰ȫϵͳȫԱ֤ᱻš
뷨ıˣɴȷʵǱɡɴԵͼõģͲ弶ûƵıƼ
ţľ뵽˴洢ռ䣬鿴Լղء
洢ռдŵĶʵ̫ˣൽԼоͷʹĳ̶ȡ
ûһȫĵطţĴ洢ռ䶼ԵЩСˡ
֪뷨Ի֮ԱǣĴ洢ռɱȾĿռƷ
ںƷɨһ׼ҪƷ
õģɴǾ״ػ
ʱĴػһѲϣڵʱǽػͼƼ¼С
ʮļϵ߽ʿصؼκа©
ȻĴػɰ֪ŵе弶ʵ֪ޡ
˵ˣػΪ˶ԵУΪ˷ֹܵ˵Ǳ룬˵󲿷ֵĶս˴洢ռ䣬͵һռ㹻Ŀˡ
һ䷿䣬ֻһ˾סõķɲ١
ľɨڲڲƷƳ˷䡣
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ķǳɣܿ˿ľͼƾͳڵذϡ
ľӴ洢ռȡһϣʱĲãһķǡλϡ
ķǳûκ˵ִһģһһ˿һĲ
ʵǾͼƻƳɹγԲػĳɹʷǳ
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֪ǣǰǾĴػһλսĴؼ벼õġ
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ֻ˵ⷽ棬Ƿǳġ
ֻĲϣڵ֮ϣϵĴػͼľͼغϡ
˵òϲõĴػͼƲûдľڲϲõĴػͼ
Ȼû֮ĹУԼĳֹ׽УԼĲûд
ľӴ洢ռȡöƹ⾧壬ƹ⾧ڴػͼƵλá
λõԭͨľ֪֮£ƹ⾧ػͼת
֪һڴػͼвϵ׳
롮ԼƣֻϵĲûٶȣҲûлĻԣȴһֺظС
ûжãػͼƺˣػʱ״̬
ȻػļģҪһý顣
ִӴ洢ռȡһöƹⱦʯƹⱦʯڷ컨ϣľͨĴػϷĻƹⱦʯһʱػͼƷһϢ
ػ趨ػķΧ
˵ûдĿƼɴػʹͼƲķЧһ㶼ȴĿƼԻԡ
Ҫ֪ػɴûŵгֹҲûκӦԵķʽ
ɳһλӦǿľϵ߽ʿػķֶ޷֡
ػȫͬģûӦо£ǷֻӦԶûпԽ֮
ľ£16űܣһлɫâĻ֡
룬ñĵƹϵͳͶͬĹߣ˿ɫâΪӱȤõġ


365 
õĴػһƬ򶼰ڣⲿֵڷ϶16űĲȨ
˴ػĲ١
鷿У½һ
һŵĸ߼ṩ豸ƹ豸
⵹ҲѲסAȨޣֱͨоڲϵͳðоĹ׵㡣
Щ׵㻹ǰʱӦģε½оʱ˶Ĺ׵㡣
ջ֮ǰҪθ̶ȵЩ׵㡣
ڵҪٿⷽ⣬ԴѾ㹻ˣҪǰ
ûѡһѡ˸߼Ҳܹͨо򵽵߼
ȻЩ׵㻹ЩΪ໨һЩǱҡ
㶨֮˱⡣
ɢĻƹػĻƹΪһ壬ҹʱЩĿ⣬ûʲôرġ
ڿǵķ֮Уı̬㲻ʲô֮࣬ľǳԶ֮ȫӰ졣
ڱⲼ豸豸ڲ̫ס
öܾ뵽̫׿豸У̫˳
ľɨ壬ϵж·Ҳʧ
ڵ֮УŵƤڡ
ڵϸţÿһϸġͼơŽڵĵ
ʱһȥֻصǰչص˱ҪĶڤ뷨⣬ʱȫϡ
ڵڶʱ䣬̫еյһϢ
ǿǵͻϢ󿿽16ű
ֳһ˿ӰӴҵĿռг֮ûΪӡ
ػҲֿһڣɱϵͳͻɴ
ͻɴһֻº󣬾ʹԭ·뿪ػٴιرա
ӰӴӣ
һΡ򡯵󣬹ر̫ףص˱ڡ
ԼһĴСĵһָ߷ȼϣָ߷ȼ˲٣ܳʱ䲻Ҫĵ⡣
Ρ˹ءնλʮһϵ߽ʿʱ䣬Ĳá
ǩ˾ϵԼɲûмˣҪǣǲûбֳӦеļֵǲġ
սָȻˣλϵ߽ʿ滹ǼΪѹ֣ѹĲˬǸоʱߵļ
µʱͷϵĿռͻȻһԲǳԣһֻӳ֡
£Ϊܣ˹նΪ֣ȽԵȨ޴ãľӵλϵ߽ʿľ
ɲΪܣλϵ߽ʿûʲôԭξ쵼ߣ˵Ͷġ
λϵ߽ʿҲϰ벮ϣǰӡ
óԵ㿪ٷ֮ʮˣοе豸¶Ц˵
ԣеĽǾûˡ
λǰоΣϵĽӵ˳ԵĽϡ
ǶǾϵ߽ʿսȻУɲЩʮɵġ
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ˣΪȨޣ˵
ľӵɫȨ޿ϣо볬ԲϵʱŷŹֵ¡
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ԵľǿģĴԣôҲȴܹɾоԼ֪ʶƶˡ
ԵĿֲǳԵĽṹʹȻ־ĴڣǳԶͨԵԭڡ
ľ󣬲βһ֪ȫֱͨӶԳ´
ǿ˵ȨޣԼǽ˵Ȩµһ
£׸߽ҩ豸Ȩƽ⣡Բʮ⣬ּԸ
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׸߽ҩ豸ϵԺϵδ
ǣˣûκγɵػص
³Եֻܿʮ֮һƽ߽ҩ豸ٶȻǼġ
ܿͳΪ˸߽ҩ豸Ȩˣֽ׸߽ҩ豸ֱ𽻸ƽ⡣
֮Ĵ洢ռڣ׸߽ҩ豸š
Ȼڼһ׸߽ҩ豸ڹر״̬ĿǰҪȫϵ߽ҩԼġ֥ͨҩЧһЩῪϵ߽ҩ豸
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ˣоԱڳѾܹʹãҪһо豸ڳδɵо˳ȫ˵Լ
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˵սָڣܹҪĽʲôô
˵ˣǶоԱȤоҲֻͶо֮Уܹսָĵʱ䡣
ǳڵѹָУͻ޷ˡ
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˵ռСˣʲôҪġ
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ⷽ棬û˿˽뷨ʹóԵķ
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ĸڽУ˳ľͺճһ㡣
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ܾȱ٣ġͿԽʮˡ
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ֹ˼죬ԼԳԵѧϰɹӦɴϡ
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ʹóƽܲɴĿϵͳûʲô鷳£Ψһ鷳ľҪԼľ·
սָеľڳϣһǽ뵽˴洢ռ䣬ӵܲɴڡ
ӷʽҲֻгܹʹãԲûֹܡ
ܲɴϵͳǳԵĶ֣ûһʱ䣬ܲɴĹĻԶȨޡ
ԼΪܲɴȨޣܲɴ
ͬʱҲϿʹóԣžԵģٴǰ̫ջأҪϴ鷳ˡ
ƾųԣͿƽ⿪װȫϵͳʹáǿдݻ١


366 ط
ʿãڽӵʿϵʱǷǳġ
뷨ʿϵʽΪʿݣʿΪҪϵˡ
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ʿллϢɲַʿⱾǷʿΡ
ʿԸѾǸĸˡ
˴εϢй©Ǵӷй©ģֱͨԱõģϢԴҲкҵõϢʿεĽ͵
ʿŵĵλͣô˵ҲֻǾϵ÷׵˼ʦĵӣ÷׵˼ʦˡ
÷׵˼ʦɻûдӸ߼Ǳ߷أȻӰ㡣
ʿ̽鱨٣ʲô鷳޷͵ŵʿֽ˵
˵ǸߵԸΪṩӻ
ʿ֪ʦ÷׵˼ʦǳУɲʦûлǰ⡣
ʿ޷鷳һῼǵģûоܾʿĺ⡣
ϿϵӰ»ȥڽһͣ
ˮֻһ׾ϵʦĻԴҲ̫ġ
ֻҪûʦ֣޾κθ߽ʿ
ġ򡯴ﵽʮʮļĸ߽ʿҲܵ򡯵Ӱ죬ʮļϵ߽ʿս֮Уκʮļ߽ʿֻҪܵӰ죬ôȴԷıȻ
һʱ䣬򡯵ٶЩʧ
ȷʵս;ǰ鷳ҪոֶΡ
뵽λİ˼ܲãʮļľϵ߽ʿȻھսУһֱ·硣
ֻƾ辫սټϡ񡯻׵İһսʤı䡣
ľ뵽˴洢ռ䣬ҳ˴ӹϷɴлõ־ϵطС
ԭǴȽһ̶ȺٿЩϵطеġ
־ϵطаطĻطط־ϵطȫҪʮľܹĸ߽׾ϵط
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ڼˡط󣬿ӵһ˲佫ϵȡʩչߵľǿȡ
Ȼطǿǰ£Ȼûȱ㡣
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˵ʵĹĲˣʮļϵ߽ʿĹɱʮļϵ߽ʿҪǿһЩ
ҲΪ밣˼ܲõսУԼоȽ˼ܲõľϵ׵ԭ
ʮļͬΪʮļ弶ϵ߽ʿȣԵòˡ
ľϵطǴļõģͲ弶ľϵطУټһֱûлĴУھӦϱȲ弶ͬϵʿ
ͨľϵ߽ʿһЩžϵ̣ӵһƣװľϵ߽ʿʱȱŴˡ
طȻֻܹ˲ıҪԵĶ֣Ҳʮ弶߽ʿ
ʮ弶ĸ߽ʿκ֮жж٣ܹﵽĸ߽ʿÿһλ츳ּ˵ʿ
˵ռŸ߽ʿо󲿷ֱʮһʮĸ߽ʿʮ򡯾ͿԶʱڽⲿֵĸ߽ʿ
ŴӾϵطдϢҲˡط鷳֮
طǽһطͼھϵڣطͼҪʱڼط
ֻطͼֻʹһξͻʧһʹûҪھϵ»ơ
ѹ֡طһԵģҲǡط㡣
طѧϰõʱ䣬ǳϵ߽ط
֮ġĻطһָʽľطѾѧϰġطͬ
طľطֻܹⲼһ㾫֡
ĻطǶľطһֲ䣬Ҫطڡ
Ҳ˵Ļطɵľ֣ڡطľֵģûСطľ֣ġĻط޷ġ
ѵǰ˼ܲõľƿ
Ǽʶ弶ϵطǿ֮͵ľϵطļʱû˵
Ļطõһʱ䣬ľֵķһ
ǡطһֽΪըţԿƾըűըʱط
طҪľģͨľطԾĺ٣󲿷ֵľǿԻյġ
طȴҪ뱾ľϵֶϿƾžϵϿľ˿ϵƾըŵıըʱ䣬ΪըŶʱը
Ҳǿ۽磬Ȼֻ־ϵطУ־ϵطжδġ
ѧϰˡط׼ѧϰһֵϵطУԵеֶΡ
ϧһİòֹͣ
ʿһʮϵ߽ʿΪĲսǴ̽鱨ֶΡ
ʿΪ鱨ӣһ
Ŀʮļľϵ߽ʿıԾܾټԼֶģܽѶȵ
ʿѾˣʱԶ16űĿùѧ豸۲ű
ûֱ۾۲죬ľ飬ϵ߽ʿκεĿⶼűܵĸӦ
ʹùѧ豸ʿҲֶͨԼĴڸС
Ĺ۲죬ʿĻɣͨ鱨֧֣ѵǱʱ
ʿ˿ʱ䣬ʱʱ䡣
ʱ䲢գͨǵĸ߽ʿԼʿԼĹ۲죬׾Ϳ֤ʵһ㡣
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𿴿ǵĸ߽ʿ⣬ǿĲʮĸ׸ʿɿϵȴǼģľǸļˡ
±ôʿڶͨŵͬʱж
ʿӵΪһ̽һ±ǷصκƷϡ
ͨƽϵͳлصϣҲڱ֮ҳƷ
еĻܣߵġ
ҪܹܣһԸóıܹ꣬ԺʮԴ÷ˡ
ԺʿǱɵһĿ뷨ɵڶĿꡣ
ϵ߽ʿʿԶ16ű¶˲мЦ˵
˿Լ֣һֻɫף׷һĲȫ
ɫһܹϢܹѧϵ
ɫ׵ʦǰЧģɺʿҲȥʦ鷳Ϊɫһֱķǳң
ȻʿɲֻɫףſƼ֧֡
ǰǰֵǸ͸㵽˱ͨȨİȫϵͳЧġ
ʿһĻף׵սЧǳɻ׵ķȴġ
жҪǽҪԾϵ߽ʿǻ۴ܶԷ
ŽͨȨֶΣ֮оķֶΣҲ޷Ĵڡ
аվûн״̬ҲԴ
ʿžԵţ16űûɫĹâֻǱڶװ֮һߵһȤζѡ
ĽӴ˻ɫâʱͻȻסˣоԼĴͣͣ˼άͣڵ׷ʲô
ͨػӵľ֪˿ģֲ֪ӽˣȻǲļһ
ɳ˺ʿԣʱĺʿȫʯʣΨֵĺɫ׻ԭ״


367 ɧ
ԴӺʿػʯ֮죬ͼʿЩʿһĶΪʯ
ЩʿӵģЩƼطԼ
Ѿ֮ǰȫչˣػȻǳǿ󣬽Ҫֵʿȫұ֤ػĿһʧ
ҪǣЩǰʿûκε޷ҵԷڵ
ʵϴûɳԼ֣ȫǲнµķʽʿж
κڶԴһλֱʮļϵ߽ʿʱҪĴ䱸
Ͽܵʵ̫ЩҲ̽
ǵģһʱĶֻ̽飬Щȫ֡
ĿǰΪֹŵĵ鶼ûָߣеĻɶһЩ
ȻڿǶ֣ҲǸɵԭ֮һ
ͬǵ鵽ҺҺҩκһλ߽ʿľϵʦҩ
Ϊһ׽ʦҩ֮ǰĿ˹ʿԲԸʿʦĵС
ͨĸ߽ʿһ֮ΨһӵнʦҩĻᣬҲΨһһνʦĻᡣ
ֻֻǰٷ֮һǧ֮һǶԸⳢԡ
ʮȥˣһδӴػҵһʬ壬Щĵڰ˾ʬˡ
һʱ䣬ľһֱţһٶʮ뾶ķΧڣĸ֪Χ
ɾǲʿдػڣŻᷢЩʿ
ȥˣε
Щʿʱɧţ޷ȥˡ
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Ӣ롮Ӣڤ뷨ʱʧȥ˶ĸ֪
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ҲףɧʵжһֱȥֻҪڿǵıͲֹͣ
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Щʿʧ֣ҲԽԽ뵽Ըʿˡ
ܶģЩ춼޷רѡǰоֻǰŵǡ
ѡ㲻öãԼܹ㰲оĶǿˣ˵ڰоڲûж֮ˡ
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λϵ߽ʿ֮žϵԼϵԸ֪λϵ߽ʿȫĵͶ뵽о֮Уû˿˼
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ͨһʱAȨ޲鿴ϢȻʧȥ˴ĸ߽ʿɻٲֵĸ߽ʿ
Ҳ۷䵽СѾȫԸˡ
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ʮʱ䣬޷ŭ⣬뿪ǵһԭ򣬾Ҫйһ
˵йĶ󣬾Ҫ˭ġʿšˡ
ӿԾСʱḷ́ҪСʱĺ̾Ψһѡ
ҪáʿšͨԾ㣬鷳ˡ
ʿš˿Ǻ󣬾Ͳϵļ١
ľų̽ǰʿšɨϵͳҲͬȫɨ貨ڡʿšɨš
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ʿĿ˹ʦʿšֹͣǰŵ˾ίз̫ջһҪʿϵ飡
ϢǴӹƵģͬһģһŵ˾ĵɣԼʿЭļ
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ʿԸܵ飡һǾܵ顣
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˹ʦһλʮʦʮʦʦĴڣҲǡ񡯻׿Էʵ
Կ˹ʦʱûκ߻ġ
ɴ롮ʿšӣ˹ʦûԼʵ̫йʮʽͨҷɴͨ롮ʿš
վͨġʿšһߣĿ˹ʦ
˹ʦǰƷĸ߽ʿϳƷĿʽλ߽˾ʿ
⵹ĵּ˲٣˵Էȷʵ˾Ա
˹ʦλ߽˾ʿ룡˾ԱɲҪ˵ӭĻϵ̬ǽ롮ʿš
ʿЩðˣԭ㵽㣬ڰ;ˣ˹ʦ̬ȵǲ߱Ц˵
΢΢һ˹ʦ˼βڰ·סԼġ
ڿ˹ʦĻҪʲôɣΪʦϸƭġ
˹ʦڴľǾȡ
ͨһЩϣ˹ʦ˽ɵʱȴ̾츳
жϣľҪﵽʮļ۷ˣ˿ڴﵽʮļ۷֮󣬽Ϊʮ弶ϵ߽ʿ
Щ̶̼ʱ䣬ʮһʮļͿжϳ츳
⣬˹ʦҲ֪һЩ˿ٽܵģΪʿʦʿһ̶ŵڰٷ֯ŵȨ޷ǳߡ


368 ѡ
ϵ÷׵˼ʦŵǹٷʦ֮Уʲôܡ
ҲֻЩڴʦЩ飬Կ˹ʦŻʮѺá
˵һεĵ飬ҲΪ漰Ҫи
˻ңʿšĻҷǳ
лʹƷ˫Ҳֱ
˹ʦλһߡ
ʿΪ˲г̣áʿšУԾʱ䣬㹻֮Ľ̸ˣ˹ʦЦ˵
һ˹ʦ֪һЩŽ˻˼
ףΪο˹ʦҪ
˹ʦл⣡л
ûƴǵ˼û鷳뿪Ȼõġ
ľˡʿšľϵϵͳʿšŹɴʼ˼١
ʿҲʿһԱûеʿᣬһûнȡ˹ʦ˵
һֱæһ˰оһֱûǰʿᣡЩ˼ˣæ͵
˹ʦҪԼݡ
ʵŵʿᣬǶʿģԼûг档
ˣ˵˵ǰһʱж켣˹ʦ˵ԾԺܴͻȻתѯ
ڿ˹ʦԵλ߽˾ʿȴɫŹ֣Ǹ˹ʦ˼
˾ٱϮ¼ϵо֮ĳͻ֤ݡ
ټϵһЩҲϵʹ˾ǰ顣
ʮļϵ߽ʿĵ飬˾ȻǼΪӣҪ֪һȼľϵ߽ʿԲ߽ͨʿܹܵġ
ÿ˹ʦڵУпʱ䣬һͬˡ
Ҳֻ˾ǿţһλʦ
λ߽˾ʿ˹ʦĽ̸ӿ˹ʦĽ̬ϣе˼ԣ˹ʦǴġ
λ߽˾ʿһۣεĵ鲻˵߸
ǰһʱǰŵǵǣŵᷢŵĽڻسУƬʱ䣬֮ͷؿǣֱ뿪Լ˵˳
λ߽˾ʿĻ¼ʱǵĵϡ
˵УЩýˡ
ȷʵ˸߽֮һУлĻѡչһ˿
ʱҲ̫ˣڱչ״̬ʱ̫ջϮ
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ú÷׵˼ʦʮӣкܴΪϵʦģǧҪиˣ˹ʦЦŹ
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֤ʾйͻ˵˵ʲô˹ʦֽʵ
Ҳ֪Ƿйͻڲǰұ˷Է˵壬ߣѾڵ֮ˣٵĻش
˹ʦ˵ͷû׷شе©
̫Уҷɴڿ롮ʿšһĹɴܵӡʿšʦϢѡ˷
ԭҪϮģǷйϵϵһ׾ϵʦҩʵڵġ
Ϊһ׾ϵʦҩǾϮ
Ըʮļϵ߽ʿΪһʧ͵˴ǿ߽ʿΪܹʱ㶨
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ĺֶܶζǲܹʹõģй¶Ļ޷Ԥ֪鷳
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Ҳǣеľϵʦҩ¶ʦҲʮֱģпΪһλʦսԴ
ʿšԾ㣬ûڴ˴ԾַͣԾ㡣
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ǾͨԾ׷޷ǰ򣬸˵ҵĳеľλá
ټŵ֪ĳһСΧҪƬΧҳʿšеǷǳġ
˵أӴҵѶȡ
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Ҳֻ룬ʱûʲôѡȨʱôҲ뵽֮󻹿лáͬ


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ԣͬСѧڿѧѧҪЩоɹľɲǶʱܹյġ
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ԭ̫Ϊʹ÷Χʧ˲ٵ
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ںǵķΧڣӰΪ򡯣ҪȫԿǷΧڵĸ»⣬ʦҲҪԱ֤»Ӱ졣
Ӱǰ֪ʦϢʱҲˣʦһ֣ӰӾҲ޷Ӧ
ôʦҵа
ȻΪʦɺϣôƫƧʲôɺϿԡ
Ȼ֪³ֵʦǷԼҶģһʦĴڣôҲ޷ˡ
ûгɣ˿ռ򣬾ɨռ򣬽սרÿռӣռֱս˴洢ռ䡣
ڳ˿ռʱϾѾˡ񡯻ף㾫Ҳ˳
ӰӰӵڿʱͻΪ˷ͣڡ񡯻γһͬװĴڡ
ڳĶתͷC0833AEEǵȥ
ҵˣĪ˹ʦ֪ϢһϴϲЦ
ΪҳλãŬиĬЩǿ֮һ
ΪȷоϵʦĻҩĬǲġ
Ī˹ʦǸĬŵʦҲΨһһλʦ
𿴸ĬǴʵĴá
ڰĪ˹ʦʵʦ֮СĴڣǱҲѾþʵûаߣʹŵʦӰǳ
ڰĪ˹ʦھʦԴ֮УһݽʦԴûеõ
ʹøĬŵĴʮΣȥһĪ˹ʦ䣬ĬŽӴ˥䡣
һΪʦԴΪңԶֻܹͨͬĲһ˲Ͷʣһλʦ
ֿԼַͣͨʽʦʷеı١
ڵõ׼ȷ鱨֪һ׾ϵʦĻҩԴ󣬰Ī˹ʦչж
뿪ǰռתվǶκʱĪ˹ʦ׼ˡ
ֻļƻ˹ʦĳƻˣвʣɲǿ˹ʦĶ֣ǿ˹ʦıҲܹǵġ
ǴܹõԴǳЩġ
ĬŶ˴ĹϵաʿšԾ¼һҡ
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һƬ֮УĪ˹ʦһϵãֻĸ֪ȽǿϵʱҵC0833AEEϵ
C0833AEEϵĪ˹ʦʼǲʲôϣģҪ滷öݣӦ˵ء
һ˿ĸӦϵΨһǰ顣
Ī˹ʦ֪ϢʱǿϲģΪʦҪ׷һλ߽ʿʮļľϵ߽ʿҲ޷׷١
˵ץסֻʱ⡣
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еķC0833AEEǵԽ룬¶ȾԽߡ
ڰĪ˹ʦϣɵֵסĸ¡
˵ܹƻ棬ֿ໥ģټC0833AEEǣҲܵСӰ졣
Ϊʦˣʮļľϵ߽ʿƾʲôC0833AEEǣ
ʱֹͣ׷ҲǲܵģֻҪץסͿԵõһݾϵʦĻҩԴֺôܷ


370 ׷
ô֪ܲC0833AEEڲĿֲC0833AEEǺ״̬ɴӺǵıԵ뵽¶ҲǸ߽ʿܹܵġ
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ĻܹܵķΧǰ˾֮ɫƺûܻµӰ졣
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ӰһƬ¶Ա֮ǰҪǿϰٱӰӵĻֻ˻ΣҪѡ
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òսǿս飬ɲˡ
Ī˹ʦ׷ƬɫҲһ䣬ϵİʧⲢ˵ıˡ
෴ı౶ͷʹƬУ޷Լı
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⻹ķ˳ɲķ¶⣬ǽķٻԼġ񡯻ڡ
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ۿŰĪ˹ʦľٶڵȴĪ˹ʦȥ
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ܹƬʱֻһСʱټ˳ƬҪʱ䣬Ƭصʱ䲻ʮӡ
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ϵıϢԵĲȶתʱķ򣬿׼뿪C0833AEEǡ
ԥ֮ɫ֪Ī˹ʦֳϢȶǲģֻһּı֡
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ŵһڻǹڣǹĻϵͳ
һ֪ǹڵΣԿ϶һʹûǿϲ١
ҲĿǰΨһܹԶ̹Ī˹ʦֶΣľֶΣɲҵʦʹá
Ǿϵʹã˵ܲƿĪ˹ʦķкܴĿԻᱻĪ˹ʦϵס
䣡
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תеİĪ˹ʦϴ˵֮ɫȷʵĲСﲻ״̬
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֣ǰĪ˹ʦ˳C0833AEEǣȻܲء
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ڻ֮У˫޷еǹģټķϢأǹϢͱķ
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ֻ滷֮УͬΪڵĹͱü죬ðĪ˹ʦ޷֪ڡ
Ī˹ʦıȻһʮļĻھǹѹɵĻϴﵽʮ弶ĳ̶ȡ
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˵ʦкܴĲ࣬ѾӰ쵽Ī˹ʦˡ
Ī˹ʦֵĲô֪ܲǱܵ˺ĳɵЧ
ԼĹЧ󣬲κεĳɣҲĴڡ
ӰΪǹṩʹԭĴʱ٣ɲ˷һʱ䡣
䣬䣬䣡
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жţĪ˹ʦҪ뿪ƬҪƶľ룬һΪǹɧţҲ㹻Ī˹ʦ뿪Ƭ
ǹѾ¶Ҳٹ˼ðĪ˹ʦ뿪鷳Ǿ޴ġ
ƿ硯ųΪ뾶һٶʮ׵İ뾶Χȫǡ
ʮļ磬ԭڰĪ˹ʦûжЧģĻУʮļ粼ı֮ϣı֡
ͬʱȫƶһƶһ߱ǹĹ
Ī˹ʦ޷չٶȣȴǲӰ죬ܿʹڰĪ˹ʦĺ·ϡ
Ī˹ʦҪ뿪ƬҪһߡ


371 
һ㶼ֱ氢Ī˹ʦһòΪǿĵˡ
һϵӰתƵ˱󣬲γһȶ֧ܴ˳ȥ
еǹھ£ɵӰɵȶ֧ϡ
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ӰתΪ̬Իµķ٣ֲĻʹá񡯻ײ
˿֡񡯻׻ܹһʱ䡣
г˾޸ûʹս밢Ī˹ʦս뷨޸ǿ̵Ķơ
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Ī˹ʦŵǰ⴦սһսΪϿĻ
ܵĿռУ޷нһ˿ı
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ССʮļϵ߽ʿƽʱĻĪ˹ʦֻҪӻ־Ϳ֮ء
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ֶͨΣϵŰĪ˹ʦɿĪ˹ʦ״̬һʱ޷ȫĸɾġ
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ľץס޸ͻ˫֮У˫š񡯻׵ıܵ˲ء
Ī˹ʦһּ֮׷һ
ҪսپȥˣĹʮֵǿҲǾ޴ġ
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䡱һ죬һ˫۲˾ʹղ˫۾һЩˣһ˫۵ƸһЩ
޸һ֣ײڡ񡯻֮ϡ
λ˺һ׵ľ룬񡯻ĵеĳ
Ī˹ʦɫˣ˵һιǸʲô۽ģڶιͲӦûܹ¡
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Ī˹ʦϵıܵǹĹ󣬻ζķȳԵ
ϵıʱпܱƣֳ»֮УһֱƣҪǿеסµĹˡ
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ֻԼġ񡯻ףϣ޶´ʦġ񡯻ܹ޶´ʦ˵ԵֵסʦĹ
˫ľ뻹а֮ʱĪ˹ʦһȣǰ棬ϳĪʧԭأǰ״
Ī˹ʦϴʤЦݣĸ߽طԽж̾棬ֳЧö̾ٶȴﵽܵļ¡
Ȼ۲ûУҪĵһֵ
Ϊֵõģȫӽ׵ľϣ԰ٷ֮ٵѹ
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ڰİĪ˹ʦͻȻǰſֲһȭǰء
׵ľϣǰľ޸ûκεãĪ˹ʦսƿ˾޸ķΧ
񡯻׵ǰĺɫϱɢ¶ĺɫ
ƾ졮񡯻׵Ľ޶ʦûڸ߽ʿ׶ΣһλʦĹ
һڻˡ񡯻׺ı
ЩǰĪ˹ʦıҪƿ񡯻׵ķ뵽ڡ
ȱָǿֲĳ񡯻ȻĹֵµĹҲȫܵ𵴡
ףʲôףĪ˹ʦԾ˵
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ľľӰ˲С֮һ޸ܵ𵴵塣
ʱʧȥκεķֶΣܵǿ𵴣ǹ޷ȶˡ
֡񡯻׵ס˰Ī˹ʦһһľ΢Ӱӡǹ޸
񡯻ıȻϵҪ롮񡯻ڲɻУͱˡ


372 
ҿ㻹ֶܼãĪ˹ʦ˵
Ѿƿս֣ʤǰ
ûһ죬һλ߽ʿսУ˵ȻΪսʤһλ߽ʿо
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񡯻ȷʵԵֵסʮʦĹҲҪӦʵС
Ī˹ʦʦڳ»У˴Ĺƽʱһ붼ûС
Ȼ޷ƿ񡯻׵ķɵƾŹ񡯻֮ȫԽɱ
ֻûз֣һδεĹ񡯻ױĺɫԽԽ
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Ī˹ʦڷ˲ԣ񡯻ڷ⣬ͬʱܵĻ治ϵĻ㼯񡯻ס
񡯻׾Żһ㣬׸ȳ»滹ҪΪֲĻ档
ֻðĪ˹ʦоͷƤ飬ͬʱܵĻ㼯ʹڵȶȼ
Ī˹ʦѾٹˣΪٹһͿԽֱ
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Ī˹ʦоԼı֮ǰٶȱţֳܹͱļٶȡ
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ֻϣܹڱĸɾǰɱӶĿǰľء
ŰĪ˹ʦ񡯻ĻҲԽԽ࣬ڡ񡯻ڵĻ֮£һӵͼֳ
Ī˹ʦÿһλڡ񡯻ϣøͼƵһִӡ񡯻ϴ뵽С
Ĺˣʦٱš
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Ī˹ʦڻţϵĸͼƳ
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񡯻ı仯Īϵ
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ѪȻ˺ɫϢڲɻ֮УôӵкɫѪģ
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֮ǰļΨһܹѪйصģֻǼɫƬΪԭϵġ񡯻ˡ
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֪źѪѪֻһΣûдﵽ̫ϣһκѪû֮зЧ
ܹоģԼǿ˺ܶ࣬ԻĸӦǿ˲١
ദջת֪ϵġ񡯻ףˡ񡯻еһκѪϵ
һκѪһ֣á񡯻ҲΪһ֡
֪ϵá񡯻ײôı仯һ񡯻״ʧ
վ֮У¶Īɫ
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֪Ӧ˳ҪӦþǾϵ÷׵˼ʦ벻һϣ
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һǼͨϵıǿԿ
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ʶĪ˹ʦսȫսģûнöǼ
ȻҲֻССĸ߽ʿĪ˹ʦѹסˡ
ȵĪ˹ʦʧȥ֮ʹöǼҲûлˡ
ǼУΪսƷ


374 ̵
ǼǳǹõһǼˡ
ϧǱԵģЩ֪
ǼǱԵģսУȻԷӳЧرͬ׵սУ˵ٶȡ
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ԴʵǰЩһǼʹˡ
Ҫԭͨ򡯣Լľӳսʹӵս
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Ҫ֪ܹʹǱ׵ƷǶʿõģʿ漰ʿĸء
˿ͨʻϵĽ׼¼Ϳжϳʿĺܶʵܡ
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ʿšֹͣǰʹԾ㣬ʹ꣬ʿšͨԾ㣡ƵУԾ㴦
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ʮļ߽ʿԤϵķӦͷɴתڶ׼ˡʿšǿӲ̬
ʿšûܵһӰ죬ʵͷɴ̫ϵͳԡʿš첻κεв
Ҫƿʿš֣ɲͷɴܹġ
ʿšǴ𽢣ŵǾĴ𽢻ҪǿһЩ⵽ǸϵʦʹõģĸǲƳɱġ
ʿšڣʮҲֻȶԷһжͻԷԵķ


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ʿôߣҲʮһĸ߽ʿûʸɭʦΪС
÷ʿʱΪѣ粻ȥš
˵ʿȰ˵ļ֡
ʵǣʦʦȨޣǷܹ׷ٵʿšԼʳ
볬ԽڳûʦȨصϢʹó޷ʵʵķ
ⲻֳܹԣ˭Ѿܾûʦǿߴڣټϳоͳԡ
ʿʦʦȨ޶Ըˣʿˣʵ
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Ϊжôǿ޷ĴΪУʦԽĸɽ
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ܿɫһ䣬²⵽һĽ
ڵֻḷ́Ҫ֡
ʮļϵ߽ʿ뷨ɭʦֻᳰЦԷ޴ǿССʮļϵ߽ʿսġ
Ͳͬˣոջ߽ʿаλʮ弶İʦԼٵʮļ߽ʿ
ввڸ߽ʿܹ֮ŵǰˡ
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ľٿšʿšʿšϵļ٣ҵˡʿšϢ豸ǿйر豸
ҪͨԾ㣬ͱҪϢʿšĴս޷ͨԾġ
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ڼʻУɨһսƷ
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ѾΪ˾ϵʦĻҩԼ̫ջضʧԴ⣬Ϊ˸¡
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Ȼʦǵ̬ȴһģɭʦжôĲ棬ȻҪĽ
Ҫ֪еĽǿŵᰴΪŵĹ׷ŵġ
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ʿҪϵʦ÷׵˼ʦϧЩ߼Զϵͳδ
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ر֪ʧ˴ĸ߽ʿаʦ֮󣬸֪˫֮ĳûκκõĽ취


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С˺ɭʦҲСʦĻУʦĿ߽ʿġ
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ʹõֹʽʦΪСֶΣСʦǿڣڸ߽ʿ˵ֹʽġ


380 
ɭʦվ޵ĶУֹվ޼Ϊŭ
ںɭʦ׼ӴĹʱ֪ΣϢ
䡱һ֮Уǿʮɭʦվһβֱӳ˳ȥ
һβӹʼкɭʦмûʱţվ޸Ҫɭʦվ޵β;ɨںɭʦϡ
ɭʦﻹоڱʱϾͶһԻס
ͬʱĻʹԴ״̬Щûмվ޵Ĺ
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ֲԻϣԻ׻ΪƬںɭʦɵγһβߡ
ɭʦ³һѪòȶ忴վޣд˾
˵վޣǵһվ޽֡
վ޵ǿ˵ģվ޽ֺվ޵Ŀ¡
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ɭʦаĵԼҪ۳֡
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˵վޣɭʦ޷ղվ޹ʱй©ĿֲϢԼվ֮Ĳࡣ
ⲻһĲ࣬ԴӳΪʦ֮󣬾ûйָо
ϵĻʧǺɭʦ޷ƻԭ
һ۱ɵĺɭʦٳɣȷվ޵ǿ֮û˿˼ɵķſԼľ
ʱڳλʮ弶İʦԼλڱչеʮ弶߽ʿ⣬ûѵˡ
վ޵һӰ쵽κһλʮ弶
ҲıľſеĲƸֻҪомֵģͻᱻֱս洢ռС
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ͨ˳ԣִʱĳԵõ˼
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շǣ̫վ޻غϡ
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˵㹻ʱܹˡ
ĿվʧλãһֻսָӦǺɭʦսָû뵽վ޽ˡ


381 
ŲֻǣֲŵĻͬһʱܲʧȥϵ
վ뿪ǵӺ󣬵һŵķɴǵ̫ա
ǰһô봬ԱǴ̫֮УսɴĲкƬƯš
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ǣϵĳʧȥϵͳĹܿأʧȥԼȼпԵȼʡ
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رͬԸĴԭΪɭʦ˼ĳ֣һὫ㶨ʧȥ˴ϻĻᡣ
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Ǳԭ״һ֧ŵִĽӷǣֹһ̽飬ͬʱҲֳɨ衣
ΣûҴߣ˹ʦķɴ̫գִͷӵĽӴѯʵ
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ȭ״ϣûУûȭ׵ķӦŵľͬûзӦ
ʧĽȭ𣬿ǽרõһΪղƷ


389 
ܲɴļʻĻϣʾϢ
ǰʦ˹ʦԼ·˿ʦϢ
ŵĳԸݡʿš󴫻صӰ񣬷λʦݡ
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ΪʦȦвʲôܣϿƶʦյ֪Ŀ˹ʦϢѾλʦС
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ƶʦιǲҪðǳִʧˣʵǿתߡ
ٺãҲֵΪ˽鸶
˵ˣǱϹӣԿĳֻҪȥôʦ֮гӰ
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ʮļϵ߽ʿͿλʦսΪʦ֮󣬿ƶʦܹӵôʵ
Կƶʦ̬ȷģ԰ǷǰǱ֤İȫǲֱͻ
ƶʦǴìǵģ԰ŵĸ߲˵ĻǳƯǲﻰ
Ǿ鷳ƶʦˣǴŸлĳܲù˵


390 
ڰܲù˵лĻʱƶʦɫͻȻһ䣬£һץסǰİܲԱȥ
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΢СĹҲʦģԻʹ˲ܵʦĹõı
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ʮ弶ĸ߽ʿпܴƬ
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ʵڿƶʦ֪ʦʱǿԳֵֵסġ
ʦ޷׷ٵԴɲұ֤ûк֣˵ˣֲֵΪƴ
ƶʦι΢΢ҡҡͷ⹥ʦġ
˭ڹһλʦĻλʦ˭
µδ֪ʦڹڹĻǾ͸Ϊˡ
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СʦҲ˶սĿ࿴ˡ
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֮ʱһ죬һŵҪ
ƶʦ֣ܲۿǽ٣˼ȫΨһϣ˿ƶʦϡ
Ҳˣƶʦεҡҡͷ
Կ϶˲ڰǵ̫գ̫ȥҵˣɲô
ʦǰǰʦǼʱɲðա
һУǰǼΪҪĽ
֮ÿһһεĹʯһ㣬ʯʵ̫ˡ
ÿһλУ᳹״ݻһƬΧڵһС
ڵҲһ޷ӹ̫еĹ
ǳԼǹĿֲ֮ڳԵİ£ѾǼ򵥵Ļаˡ
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ǹСɻʵ̫СˣС̫УڵԵĹʽ
ڳԶǵתԼָӵӰȫڣǹÿһιܹ׼ȷѡĿꡣ
̫֮Уһս˻Ĺ·ϣսɨ豸ûзϮĵսͱƿһ󶴡
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û뿪ǣǺܸˣĵˣһ㶼С
ңԶ̫յĹڳɵʧҲԽԽ
һʱ䣬ҲӦ˹ǷֹĿһЩҪǷ׷״ӸҪнԱ롣
ԼļʧͨĽûܵʲôв
ʮӣתĸ½ܵ˹ڰŷ淴ӦѸ٣֮Աʧ˺ܶࡣ
˵ʧڰŶԲ޷ܵġ
Ȼ˵ڳŷĵҲڼ٣ֹʽ˵˲ûֱӽ밮ǽ뷨
򾭹ôʱ䣬Ҫ밮ܹˡ
Զ̴ȷʵʮֲֿϰ֮вҲˣرԶ̴ȷĶλֻص㽨¸ˡ
ǵһž޴ǣתԶ̴һ档
˶ԵĹɳԵķ֮£Ծ޴չ˹
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ڳԵİ£ÿһιĿԵġ
˾޴ǵĽṹ㣬һ֧ž޴ǵĽṹ㱻١
ڽ״̬޴ǵİȫϵͳ򰮶ŷ˾
յİܲû˿취ֻܿǾ޴ϲ˸ĹâһһγֵĹâǾ޴ڳŴ
ֳԶĴûκηֶΣΨһܹŵĿƶʦû˿ֵĴ㡣
ܲԹԣû˿İ취ҪƶʦƶʦܹѾ御ˡ
޴һֶֺҪṹ㱻ٻ޷ԭе״̬
޴ǻΪ飬ܵŰ׹䡣
ЩдСԵӰ첢ڴʱЩ鼸ᱻջ١
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弶ĿƼˮƽͻȻǰűֵĲȵͼá
ˮӿ½أ֮һжˮû
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Ƿļһƶʦǰĳв
ϣҲŵ⻹ۿı
ⶼΪ˹ʦϮѡ
ƶʦ֪Լڰǣ᲻ҲһϮ
ϮԷǿƶʦѵܹԶ̶Ĺ
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Ҫ֪ңԶĹֻҪ΢΢һǶȣĹҪƶʦƶԶһıһιĿ꣬ƶʦƶٶȻ޷ﵽ̶ֳȡ
һˣΪҪֵ֮Уԭû˿Ĺϵ
ȥһ¹ԴƶʦԼݣ򰮶ܲ÷һϢ󣬾ͳ뿪˰ǡ
ܲͨȫϵͳԶȥķɴΡ
ƶʦ뿪ķǹԴķͲǿƶʦ˵ĵ飬⡣
ܲöԿƶʦ뿪û˿취˵ŵĿ˹ʦѾ䣬ǿ˹ʦû䣬ܲҲ޷Ӱ쵽ƶʦľ
Ҳʱһž޴Ҳܵ˳Զ̹
ܲʱѾû˼ǿƶʦ뿪֮£þֵĿ⿴ǿž޴ǡ
ʧȥһǺ󣬰ǵĳϫѾʧأʧȥһǣôǽʲô鷳
ܲôʱ޷֪ܵĺԭгԼһЩΪṩӦĽ
֮ǰĳԶ̹ҪĿ궼ǰŵҪогԼڵĽ
ܲò֪ȴ֪һ
ͨԵķÿһιĿԵġ
ڵõǹ빥ʽ󣬾԰ϵķһѵƻ
һʼĹϸƻеģڵ˹ĩβȻ޷֪ЧȻͨԵ
⻹£ܹȫóֱǵֳ
ڶž޴ͬûмֶãڰǵϿջΪ˴ǡ
ʧȥ˵ڶǣԭͲȶĳϫӷ׵ľ½ӿȥݻǰһС
ɴգܹߵһУɰŵĸȴƻ±û
ƻףɰǧĽɹֻҪ̶̵ʱͱƻεʧ䲻ţȴ˾


391 
ĸСʱĺУͷɴڵ˰ǵ̫ա
Ϊ˸ĸϵǣʦƶ豸ΪۣһСʱϵ˰ǡ
ͷɴ̫֮ͣУλʦǰĳĬȻ
ǰһʵ̫ˣ̫пԸĿǵ仯
ʧȥƽ̬úʧȥ˿ƣ̫пǺںɨ½أûܵӰ½ֻкСһ顣
½ضǣ⻹ֻǿʼȻֺ
ܲãҪ֪¼ľʦ˰ܲãԼҪ
ܿһϸϱ˹аԶ̹Ḷ́Ǳݻ٣пƶʦûг֣
һЩʱ䣬λʦϡ
ô죿·˿ʦдŵǵʵ
ʮƶʦľͬλãҲƶʦһĴʽ
·˿ʦûмĹʽʦֹʽûа취
ҲˣֳԶ̵Ĺʽʦԣû˿в
ͲȥʦǹʦڵɵĽʧ޴󣬶ʦȴ޴ӷ
ҪĹԼ·˿ʦֲĸо
ʿӵʦвȣͨϿ֤ʵˣû·ԣ̶ַȣ룬ôǵҲܵ˵ζ޷ܵģʦȭͷ˵
ов֮ǰ¿˹ʦ䣬ûôǿҵвС
Ϊʮ߼ʦʦʮвİȫʮͬİΣܵӰ졣
һεϮðʦ֪Ŀ¡
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·˿ʦһεľ飬Ȼ֪ʲôǿɵļ¼һֱص鱨Ŷʮ캽ԾĹע
԰ʦҪ·˿ʦ˲һӾ͸˽
Ծ㶼ûпɵļ¼ʿӦûǰһԾ·У·˿ʦʮֿ϶˵
ǵ壬ŵǱ߷ȥЭ󣬹رƬеԾ㣬ʦͬʱŵǱ߻ͬģʦ˾
رһƬеԾ㣬Ӱʮִ
ӵȨʦλʦͬʱ²ʲô¡
ټǷ£ʦϻ壬ǻŵ᲻ᷴԡ
·˿ʦָڹĻϿٵţһݴŰʦΪ˹ʦΪ뷢ŵйزš
Ҳǲʮʱ䣬ŵǱ߾˻ظƬԾ㶼Ѿֹͣ
ֹͣʱ䲻ᳬʮСʱʱٳƬ޴ʧ
ˣǼ׷ʿӲģʦԸ
ͷɴ֮ǰܲɴۼȥΪ˲鿴ǵ뿪׷·ߡ
ػ׷·ߣȷ֪Ծ㣬ֻҪͨ׷·жϳʹõԾ㣬ͿֱǰԾѰˡ
ǵ׷ٶȴΪӣӶ׷
֪ܹŵλʦŶôµӰ֪Լһֱţֲĵβ
簬ʦжϵһԾȥ
ͨһԾ㣬ǰŵıԵش뵽弶֮Ļش
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˹ƵڹƵвиɴʻߵıԹ
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һʱβ֪Լڱ׷֮С
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һԾĹɴܲɴ˲ѯϢҪѯϢ
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֪Сֶκݿ任һݣȴͬ⡣
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һ㶼飬ӰֻòƣȸĺʵӰӵı仯û˿á
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⹫ɴǲ֪ľΧжôԶΧڣûǿľǰǲ
ⲻǹɴֲŵɱˡ
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ܲɴɨͲǿ˵԰ɨˡ
ڷֱҲһֱ׷λʦˡ
ûһλʦ뷨ܲɴٶԽԽ죬̫ȥ
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˲ţ뵽֮Уܲɴٶ뷽򣬴ʧ
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Լȫֽеĸ֪ջأ֪ʦʲô豸ǳܹһֱ׷˵ʦһ֪׷ֶΡ
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ķϢʵǿʱǿڶûзķµ
һԽԼеֶȫϣҲ̶ܹȵء
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ľ뵽оսָ˳ԣǰ볬ԣɳԷжϡ
Ժܿ͸ѡһǰԾ㣬ԾȴŵĻᡣ
ԾǲһֱرյģֻҪͿԴԾԶƬ򣬵ŵıԵ뿪ŵ
ǷذǣԼ
ʧȥʦǿĴڣټϰǸܵ˾޴ѣɹǳࡣ


392 
ʦͷɴ˶ʮСʱ׷٣׷ܲɴ
ܲɴȷʵǳرȻûаʦͷɴȽûļӳ֣岼־Ϊ˸ٶȡ
ܲɴǽ弶ĺٶȷӵ˼£Ϊܲɴȥ˴󲿷ֵĶװãռ䶼Сֻܳһˡ
ҲΪΰʦ˶ʮСʱ׷ܲɴԭ׷ܲɴλʦ׼ս
˹ʦʹͣܲɴеսûпʼ
ʦϼѿоԼȵ޴ΪͬĴΡ
һ׷١ʿšǾ׷նû뵽һȻһ
տյܲɴǶ԰ʦĳЦһ㣬ʦһŻסܲɴճ˻ҽ
ʿһ׷ٹ뿪˷ɴɴȷϷɴ˵ģ·˿ʦε˵
Ƿһ·飬ǿԸԾļأпͨԾ㣬һʱ֪ʦԸ
ڹȥ˶ʮСʱԾѾ¿ˣλʦҲ޷ҪӹرԾʱ䡣
Դ˴Ӱʵ̫ˣԾΪҪĽͨʽ
ʦҲûа취ֻܹ鷳İ취ʮСʱḷ́һɨ裬µϢ
Ҫʱɲһ㣬ʮСʱḷ́ɨĻҪʮʱ䣬⻹õõĻʱжˡ
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ڳǡɴ״̬Ȼ̫ղ˺ܶսɴҲ޷Ĵڡ
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Ծ֮УԭǴʱţȶĳϫӰÿ񱩣Ǳ浽Ѽķ籩
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弶弶ʱҳ͵ķɴڶԾ޴ǽǣԸı޴̫չеλá
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һĹȥϵʵȻڿ֮У׶䲻确ӢԵʮ屶٣ʹеʱ䶼Ͷ뵽׶֮С
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һЩϵĵУǿ˽ս֮󣬾пܵõʽĳɳ
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ǵķܲɴϴ̫òľȻԼϢĻᣬȻԽԽá
ȻǵӦ˵ǳá
ɴһ˿ϢνǼ΢ģȴǱ׽ˡ
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û뵽ʿ᷵ʦ˵
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һʱ䣬ܵĵ֣ܹ뵽ʦǣŵǱ߽ɨ豸ڷֹʿٴߡʦԸ
ʱʲôĶҪ˵ʲôԸһλʮļľϵ߽ʿȻλʦҪټ֡
Ѿںˣ˵ѾɱλʦټѵİҲ
λʦ˸ԵĹϵ˽˽ǵ̫գ֮кܶʵǿĸ߽ʿ
λʦʮҪԸͨĸ߽ʿûʲôãֻʮļϵĸ߽ʿܹһЩЧ
ǵʮļϸ߽ʿΨһþһʱסƬ̾Ϳˡ
ҲûЩ߽ʿܹץסӵʦɲЩ߽ʿԻܵġ
ӦʦλǹϵܵģҪôأҪôҪϵ
Щʦĵǰǰʦ֤ѣŵɲС
ʱƣҲԽԽ
ֱΪеʦҪΪ˸Ĵۡ
ȻλʦڿаλʦһսԼʮλʮļϸ߽ʿʵҲ޷İΧġ
˵ǰλʦеκһλҪ붼
֪̫յڿռռУӰӶҽ˲һΧӰҲ޷ġ


393 
豸ˣͨϵ̨㹻ȫǣ·˿ʦʦ
ԭҪɨǲ׵ģƾŰʦӣҲֻܽһ̨
аλʦλʦȫ˹ϵŻһԽ̨ɨ
ܺãʼ뽢ӽӣһĿ꣬һʱ䷢ʽĴʦ¶ɫ˵
̨ɨͿ޷
ֻҪڳ֣Ȼᱻɨ֮ľ̫еս
Ϊܹɨľȴﵽߣǽ˰ǡ
İǳ˺е⣬û
еķ񣬶ɾ
ЩΪֺܹ󣬲ܸŵıɨ
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Χסǵ̨ɨͬʱǿɨ貨
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ǻûʸ˵ʲôλʦֵʧȥʦ˵


395 һ
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µĵؿǺѾסĵµ̫еĹڳţؿǻܵƻ
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396 ʮ
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ڸ߽ʿ֮ʱӵʦĹκθ߽ʿ޷ġ
ʱܵսڼܵɱ¾ͼơӰǣ޷ԼΪ
ǲܴĸɵ廹а׵ʱ򣬱
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ǶûгԼķɴǵͷɴʱѾˣڷĻ֮С
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սм䣬Լ֮УӢڤ뷨תš
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֮˵ʮ弶ǰ벽̤ʦ磬Ϊʮ弶ٲǶԾǿô򵥣ǿʼоıʡ
ָоӰ򡯴ﵽʮ弶ʱӻﴫĸһ㡣
鴫ʮ弶֮УŶԡ򡯵θһֶĸ
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ȥһЩ˽ˡ
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ʦҪɱɱ˵Ǳ
˵սǱȫַʽŵʷλ߽ʿܹʮļʱɱʦ
÷׵˼ʦ˾ԵľϵʦӣԴ緵أʱָо
ʱʮϵʿûŵãֽʮļ
Щ˵Ǳ÷׵˼ʦҪסΪŵһλϵʦ
÷׵˼ʦĴս뿪˸߼󣬾Ϣ˹
еӷʿϢļλʦѷϢ
򿪷ʿϢݺɫüѿֿ༸λʦѷϢȫǹ׷ɱ֮¡
ʿ뼸λʦѶչǶչˡ
ֶķʦðʦֹͣжɣȥʿƽۣ÷׵˼ʦͬеļֶķʦ˵
뼪ֶķʦһִͬפģҲһͬء
ʦжˣֶķʦһ㶣û뵽÷׵˼ʦҪ
Ҫ֪ʦϻ´ɲɱֻЭ̽ƽۣΪһ޷ʹõŵʦΪС
ôҲôġ
ֶķʦԼٹʦϻľ˹ʦ齻˵϶ʦе϶ʦ
ʦ˶룬λʦǰΧʿҿӦǳʲô쳣÷׵˼ʦʿϢת˼ֶķʦ˵


397 뿪
÷׵˼ʦҪ˽һֶķʦüͷһ壬˵
ֶķʦȻҲΧ֮µ쳣Ըλʦû̸ף뽻ƽۣ
ʵ̫СˣֻҪ˼ˣΪƽ۶ŵʦΪС
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ڣֶķʦʦϻرǿҪ̸ƽ֮£ֻ޷̸£ܹʵʩ
ֶķʦ÷׵˼ʦ뷨һǶ뱣סǱ˵ľϵ߽ʿΪŵһλϵʦ
رĿǡӢڤ뷨ڳɾʦ֮սǾϵʦеĶڡ
ڼֶķʦϵ϶ʦ֮ʱյʦϻټ롣
ʦϻ飬Ǻٻֵһֻͨʦ޷Ӱ޴Ľ¼ŻټĻ顣
÷׵˼ʦһڽѯʴ£λʿ֮£ֶķʦ˵
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Ҫңʦǳ鷳Լȥˣȥظ߼򣡡ֶķʦܾͬ
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͵ŵѾû֮أԭʹ뿪ŵһ֮
ȻԼõ´ʦȣټ֮ǰӦõ´ʦǰǱȻ֮¡
ҪĲƸţھʦ׷ɱ֮ºŵҲûʲôˡ
СɵķɴɴڲɲС෴ڲռǷɴİٱҲõļݻ
͸ɴϴս
ǳ׵ʧƬսĲкĹУɱ¾ͼơЧҲʧˡ
ܹӡɱ¾ͼơ֮л˲࣬ʱλ߽ʿվڲк֮䣬ǵûаɡ
вûʲôоⱾս
뵽ϵڣʮ弶ľϵڳ˴ĿĽ⣬âǸǱ֮ǰһࡣ
һƬ֮УһĨɫرԣɱ¾ġɱ¾ͼơ
һνսĻǧ֮иźܶʿЩɱ¾ȫ»㼯ϵڵġɱ¾ͼơڡ
ԭһյġɱ¾ͼơ³֮ǰӳ㡣
ûвԼľʱڷɴ֮У߻õ´ʦڣԾһǳʧ֮¡
ɴǰսʧǿٱС
ķɴȻΪŵûȲúõĿռͨռԾٶ֮죬Զκηɴ
ԷλǷǳеģֳУܹжϳĿǰλá
֪ϾҪԾˣǲ֪ķɴŵʲôʹԾ㡣
ɳϣɴڿԾ󣬲ûнԾ㣬ֱӽ뵽˿ռԾ״̬
ҷɴԲռԾγɵĿռͨҪԾΪʼ㣡õ´ʦı飬ЦŽ͵
ûõ´ʦ˼֪һǷǳĿռ似
ּﻹᱻƵ·ߡ
ڽռԾ״̬ٴγ־Ѿ˽ӽٷһξ룬ɴʧŵ
ڽ뵽ռͨһʱ֮䣬һƬ飬һʧȥԼļҡ
Կǵ16űǷǳиģڵŵ󣬾ͽﵱԼļҡ
ʦ˹ʦ·˿ʦһģ˵֣Ǳ뿪Լļң¶ģһصŵǵġ
ռתɴٴγʱѾһƬĿռ֮С
һ޴ķռ̫֮Уռ֮ŷγһƬصĿռС
ӭ÷Уľϵﵽʮ弶մʿĹÿһλʮ弶ʿҪκεոռ÷УҲѻʮ弶ԴԼһݽԴ
һνԴʹʧܣ廹еڶνᣬڶνԴҪԼ취ˣõ´ʦЦΪ͵
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Ϊ÷еĸ߽ʿںϵĻᣬʧȥҪͬ飬Ҫ֪ЩͬԺʦϵҪ֧š
ܶʦ֮飬ǴӸ߽ʿڼͽġ
ʮļô÷к󣬾ͻʮļ߽ʿӴһͬ
ÿһλʮļ߽ʿпܳΪʦǱӣڸ߽ڼҲýʱڡ
ΪҪǣʮ弶֮ǰǸ߽ʿԴʱڣ𿴵ʮ弶ʮ弶Դ÷ṩ÷ṩֻǻԴ
Դ޷츳ǿʮ弶߽ʿģõ´ʦҲûа취ȻݼߣҲƻΪṩѵԴ
õ´ʦҲΪ취ҪǷˡ
ûԴ⣬Դǳ࣬㹻ڸ߽ڵĻӻ֮á
Ϊעõ´ʦᵽĽʦʧܣеڶν֮¡
Ҫ֪ŵʱõȷϢǸ߽ʿʦʧܣͲеڶλˡ
ÿаʦĴڣЩǽʦʧܺ󣬹Ӳдʮ弶߽ʿ
÷޸߽ʿʦʧܺ壿ʵ
ǵģҪһʦ޸Һ۷ǳ󣡡õ´ʦͷش˵ҿ޻˻ҿԸһ촫У÷е


398 
õ´ʦҲ֪θлİʮõ´ʦ˼ǵԴΪİ취
Ȼõ´ʦûֱӸԴ촫пɱԴΪ
ҪԴҪõ´ʦ顣
øлң㾡ΪʦܹΪ÷гǶõĸлõ´ʦ˰˵ſһݺԼʲôʿֱң
һĻǰʾźԼݡ
һ飬沢ûʲôҪֻһݹ涨˫Ȩļ÷ΪṩԴΪʦ
ڳΪʦ󣬽Ϊ÷еĹ÷еԴΪ÷з
ԼʮֵĿɣʵʮ弶õ´ʦҲѶȺܵͣݺԼûжٵԼ
Ȼ÷еʵ֮ҪѣʦҲҪһº÷еĵ
õ´ʦ뽫ָΪգû⣡õ´ʦ˵
õ´ʦȻ֪ĻЦŵͷڹĻϲһ£ֻˡա
ںԼԼ֤ϢԼɡ
ݿݿ÷Уõ´ʦһſƬݸ˵
ӹݿݿϵ֣һԼĸо
ŵʱΪ˷ֹļʦǷ֣Ϊ֮һֱá֡
ɴĲŴ򿪣֪ԼӦ뿪ˡ
õ´ʦԽΪݣЩӳõ´ʦӡ
߳ʱͷһõ´ʦһת˲š
õ´ʦϴЦ֪ϣЩףΪŵЩʦš
һλ츳˵ʮļϵ߽ʿŵ֮УȻֻǰоĲҪԱ
츳κ֮ҲΪĺʿܵõԴָ
뿪˲ţеݿϵһĻһȫϢͼ
ʱ̫֮УŴĴڣϸϸ鿴֮£ԭ޴ռɵĽṹɴš
ȫϢͼϵһռ
ռǰƺǸӦݿռϳһͨ
ͨ˲ǰ˳ǰһƬݵأڲݵصһʮСЩĿռ
ȫϢͼķǱ߿ռеһӦľˡ
ݵ߽ʿúĿ⿴ȫͬ·
߽ʿʮļ߽ʿһʮ弶߽ʿ
ˣãģʮ弶߽ʿ˸кʵ
ǵģҽոռ÷Уܹ֪Էûж⣬Цҽܵ
ҽпάʿ㾹Ȼʮ弶ʵУ̫˾ˣάʿûԼЦ˵
ʵҲģھҾͽʮ弶ˣε̯̯˵
仰ʮֵϣûһҫ˼ʵ
ɱϵλʮļ߽ʿıЩŹˣǿɻѰһ˿޿׽ĽĻܵ˱
ϲ˵ķʽû£ҴȥĿռ䷿άʿЦ˵
ֿάʿƺûѹԼ뷨ڸ߽ʿʮֵĺάʿǽԼ뷨ֱ˵ȫǰЩ߽ʿ
ÿͼĿռ䷿ţԭסĸ߽ʿʧˣûв޸Һ뿪άʿ仯ǳ˵Ż˱֮⡣
ʱԿ϶άʿģǲ׿άʿǳʲô⣬˿ʡ
ҵ仯άʿеıʧתЦʵ
ǲǲ˵𣿡Сĵ˵
ʲôģǷԺĶеĽĵãͿԿַʽ
ÿһλʮ弶߽ʿԼĽʽѡ񣬽ʽѡһ̶ϿӽĻʡάʿЦŽ͵
άʿǳʲô⣬άʿʮȷԼʲô
Ҹսʮ弶ϵģ֪жپϵʦĵãԽʦĵûʮֹעģߴ֮·
ϵʦĵÿɲ࣬ҶԾϵ˽Ҳ࣬Ǳʱŵģв鿴ҵϵʽпϵάʿѾſռ䷿ԣͣ˵
άʿҰͣݿ뿨άʿϵʽ˵
ռ䷿ڵ֪Ȼʱ͡
άʿҲ֪ҪϤȻʱţʹ˷ֱ
ݿ˿ռ䷿ڣУ沢ǰݻһ޴ҡ
ҵһǣռ˼ٵĿռ䡣
ûУûʮ弶߽ʿ˯ߵķʽϢ
ھסûʲô뷨ŨȣŨȱԼĿռҪ
ҲĿռǼ߹Ϊд׼Ŀͷ
ȻҲһ⣬Ǿʮ弶ϵ߽ʿŨҲľϵʲô洦
λãһԲͼơ
ݿϵʾԲͼڣ֪˲ͬ
ƺӰ֪ҲӢڤ뷨Ų棬ܹڤ뷨ٷ֮ʮЧ
ٷ֮ʮϵԲߣϵĸ߽ʿԣѾǷǳ˲õЧˡ
ǳ⣬ϵ뾫ϵҪ
һȫɣа¶˾ģһҲ鷳ˡ
һҪԴ֮£ϵʦĻҩԴһݡ
ټѾʮ弶ϵ߽ʿչӦôڱչ״̬Ҫκ
ľ뵽洢ռ䣬ԼĸռƷУŶѻɽԴһ㡣
ЩԴЩԴƺһĴ
ڴ洢ռ֮У߽ҩ߲ϵţΪṩԴԴϵĸ߽ҩ
Ĺƣ߽ҩҹϵûʮʱ䣬޷۵Ĳõ
ҲһжҪͷʼ
ʮ弶ϵʵ⣬֪ʶ֪϶ԶԶĸ߽ʿ
ĿƼǼﵽ˴Ķ㣬ԶԶ弶ĿƼˮƽ
ŵʱԿƼ֪ʶ֪ֻλϵоԱİֲЩ
ɵЩֳΪ㣬ҪܳʱϤһС
뵽֮ǰֹóݿ鿴õ´ʦװ촫С
װ촫аοƻԼû̽ϵص㣬֪ϵԡ
ʽװֻлĵ֡
һ׳Уһ״к󣬾Ϳ
Ȼճ̶ȸһЩһǼǻȡԴĹؼ
⣬һװ촫У÷֮оͶһװʦְҵݣְҵˮƽȼӦ롣
ЩԥʵҪѧϰװ촫еģֲ빼õ´ʦһƬ⡣
ϾʱУѧϰװ촫Уǲ֪ܲš
ݳеĿͷᵽˣӵлͿѧϰݴУҪӦ츳û츳ĻŶ޷
ʿɯڱչڼĶ񣬶ΪݿһͨѶӣӺһȫϢŮӰ΢Ц˵
ɯҪһЩϵĻǷҲܹͨ㹺򣿡û뵽뵽еֲϣͳʵ
װ촫еĲҩϿǲͬģĴ洢ռҲЩװϣЩϿûеȼ͵ġ
ֵĻСңҲ˵Ļӻ
ʿҪκƷҷƣֻҪܹͨõģҶΪ
ÿ¶һǱҵйƷǲҪ֧Ǳҵġɯ΢ЦŻص
ҲûпһǱҵҲûзϣ÷֧֧ǶǱҵ£ҿǧǱҵġ
ҪֲϷ˿ɯЩֲ϶ǳϣĲֵǱҡ
ʿЩϲֿоУڶʮӺһύ㣡׼µԴԼһݾϵʦĻҩԴעգɯѵ
ڵõȷϺһɿռ䲨һǣɨǱߵϴ͹һֻӡ


399 ˽
ӣʮƿϵ߽ҩһ㣬һƿ
һƿǼԾϵ߽ҩĿģټϻƿ߽׵ҩʮ弶ϵ߽ʿ㣬⵹һԴ
һƿϵ߽ҩƿھ̽룬֪ƿҩЧǳãŵõľϵ߽ҩЧҪһ㡣
˵߽׵ҩ־յһԣҪ߽׵ҩ
ӵ²һֻͼƵĺӣСĵĴ򿪺ӣһŵᴦľϵʦҩһס
ҺҺҩʹõĽʦҩŵʹõһġ
ҲŵľϵʦҩͬһԴҲ˵
Ҫ֪ŵϵ٣رǺܶҩĽ
ȻϣԼʹõڶ׾ϵʦҩĻᣬǴһʧܵĽ
ȡԼݿ˹Ļݿ
Ҫһ˽⣬رͼһݵԭ򣬻õͼϢҲֻǰ߹ҵǲ֡
÷еĸ߽ʿݿȨͼ
ӵͼصԼݿڡ
ССһݿһ̨ԣǾˡ
صͼȨӦġ
ڽͼصݿںݿϼͼͼŴ
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ʹûκεЧҲ⣬Ҫǽλϵ߽ʿúãλϵ߽ʿǩ˾ϵԼģҳϵ¡
ĻֻǱһ֣еǱҲĻҿΪܹһԴһǱңɯѵ
ǵҪ֪Ǳ弶ŵǱ߿ǼΪĻңҪǱҵ;ɲࡣ
ȫʹǱΪûҡ
Ҳʿռйأһӵʿ츳ֳÿһ˶ʿ
Ǳʿͨûңһȫʿɵ֮УǱȻҲͳ˳ûҡ
ҪҸһǱңΪ֮ҵĻѣӻ־
еǱҲ٣˵Ǳ׬ȡҲҪʲôˡ
ڸʱһЩͬʱЩĲƸҲͳΪġ
رŵջ޷׼ȷжϣǱֻƸռȼСһ֡
ĲƸЩĸ߽ײϣ߽ҩ䷽ԼʦԴ
ɯЩٶ۵ȡԼݿתһǱҡ
˵ĴһǱңһλʮ弶ϵ߽ʿһλӵо޴Ǳĸ߽ʿеá
ִĶҲһǱң֮ǻٽ裬޷ٽȡˡ
־óһǱңֱִɯڻɣ˭
⵱Ȼ˱ȣô˵ɯڣκ÷еĸ߽ʿ÷ġ
Ǳңȴ弶һ׼һȫƸ
еĲɲԵģ˻ȡǱҵܹʵǿȡ
ÿ»ڴʮƿϵ߽ҩΪҷıֽ꣡˵
һ߽ҩλϵ߽ʿÿҲ㹻ľϵԴԴţһë
ʿһŬΪģɯ˵
Ϊÿʮƿϵ߽ҩʲУÿ´÷ȡĸ߽ҩ㹻ˡ
Ϊ̬ȣȷͶȷԡ
ûгΪʦѾǵɯĸΪʦɯԼջ
ɯ棬ͨԼݿĹĻΪAռ
ӦеȨ֮Уһͨˡ
ڼһAռ䵽£ݿҲյϢ
һȥô죬û뿪⴦Ц˵
Ϊ·ɯһ˵һΪ·
˿ռ䷿˿άʿάʿкʾ˼顣
ɯУ
𿴿άʿʱ˵׺ͣɲɯƽʶĿάʿάʿԴЩϵˣ̬ȿҲѭĵġ
άʿӣ˵Ǳ޴
άʿڳ˴ռɯЬӴɯ
ɯϵ߽ʿûзе÷޴ռɵģھ޴ռ֮ľרõͨǷˡ
ڵĿռǶĿռԴӿռ뿪ͱҪС
ɯǰܹ̫зеģʵĶﵽ˸߽ʿʵľнλˡ
޷÷ежٸ߽ʿ÷Խ˽⣬ԽǾ÷еʵ
ɯǰҲò鿴ͼܿǾͷɽһر޴Ŀռ
ڿռĸи߽ʿϵķɽɳ
ɯȡݿռϳһͨ˸ƣȽУŽ롣
΢΢Ŀռ䴫͸УʱѾ˫ŵأһӴĳС
ľɨеֱʮǸַĽǿռ
ռһƬٸռ
ǰĳеˣǼʿһ֪пڰǰʵʿĽ
ЩʿģҲСӣԼȴû׼ʿ
һеĹģͲ̾ʿϵжôĿֲ
иĹ㣬˿ڣһ˿ڵĳУӵʿ
⻹÷еļ̫վס㣬ֻôĳ
ţʿһ龰ˡ
ʿıǱߣɯΪָ
ٸռķɯĴ£ڳеĽֵǱȥ
ƺＸȫʿԭʹ÷˼٣󲿷ֵ˶˫ߵġ
ǵͼʿҲͨǿܶ࣬нʿٶȾͱȵͨĽͨˡ
˵ҪʿǿСͷװзС
˵ճܸȤ߱߹۲š
ֵŸָĵ̣ṩʲôķ
ʿеȫṩģֻʿķԴҪǱ֧ĵҪΪʿṩģսָҩװȵȵķ񣡡ɯְΪܵ
˵ͷѣһҲ֡
һȫʳ׻ã۵ģṩʳ
˵ʣҲǼġ
о۽ģĳ˶һʮףóеٶȴΪӿ졣
Щ֮⣬еյͨһ㣬Ϣ
С棬㽣飬أĻǳеľɫ
˽ŲѾܾûнӽȺˣһνӽȺɱʱǧ򼶵ĵ˱áɱ¾ͼơɱˡ
ߵռʱˡ
ռûռ֮ͨ𣿡תͷɯʵ
˵ȫĿռ似ɣֿռȷʵûܹռͨˣĽҲʹ˿ռ似ֻĿռҪСܶ࣬Ҳʧȥ˷ɯ


403 
߽AռĿռ䷿ȫȻͬ
ＫݳޣҲǧƽΪ򣬴УСһЩŨȲһЩ⣬һӦȫ
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ҪʱͲ²⵽Ӧûݵġ
ľ뵽оսָλϵ߽ʿڽо
λ˰ȫĵطԹǾס׼һ£ľɨλϵ߽ʿ˵
Ӵ˵ķԸһͣео˵λҲͣ˹ֵȴš
ľɨǣǳʵ֮С
λһ֣һ¾ǹ۲컷ǿԼϵĸӦ֪ǵˡ
Ƿ⣬һռ䡣
ͨĸ߽ʿԣ޷֮λսָ˲ٵʱ䣬ҲսָڵĿռйо
˵սָоûʲôɹǻֱܹʵʹÿռ似չĿռ֮
ˣλֻǷƬ̣Ǿһ
λϵ߽ʿǵһο֮ǰԾϵǡ
һֱûмǵˣżĵģ˻Ϊܵԭ򣬽ڡ
ǳǼ棬˵û¼Ĺ˼ɡ
˵һõ£ǻ
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ߵǽڣƺҪҳռ似ܡ
ʱʲôطˣ֮ǿռ似Ӧá
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ΪоԱעĵȻڼϡ
ˣǱˣ̲סʵ
ǵģ˵ͷص
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ܹѧϰĿƼǽӴĿƼǸıһĹؼ
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ʿռʴﵽ˰ٷ֮٣߽ʿҲ޵ģⲻΪԴ󣬸Ǹ߽ʿҪ츳
رǾϵ߽ʿǱϵ߽ʿϡ١
У߽ʿĵλǲģٲλϵ߽ʿʧȥɣССսָڡ
ɯѧϰĿƼ𣿡׸ɯ
ʿҪĵΪǵѧϰĿƼͼͿˣɯĻشλϵ߽ʿӿ죬ǿϣ
ǾѧϰɣҲ޷뿪ҲǵΪǹӦ豸һжҵıǱ֧
ΪЧλǿģͬʱ˵
ǵѧϰƼȻһ׻ĽѧģʽܹͨǵĽѧģʽѧϰƼȻĿģԸ
ԼͷʼѧϰƼûʱ䣬λϵ߽ʿĿƼѧģʽͿԻٵʱ䣬ĿƼ˽⡣
뾫ͨĿƼҪֻϤⷽ档
˵λϵ߽ʿԺİţоԺ˵ʲôҪǵġ
£ֽо豸Ҳˣһһ̨ǡ
о豸弶ĿƼûȽȴλϵ߽ʿȹϤ׶Ρ
Լһ̨ԣԱ֮ͨԵҪǿϲٵġ
رǿֱ뾫ӣһҪġ
ûеõĸΪȽǰҪһ̨Ϊ
ɯ֮չһʱ䣬Ҫ̨Ҫͬ豸һ̨ǿԲ豸һ̨ǲ豸ǵȼԽԽãڷʱɯԸ
⵱ȻΪ롮򡯶Ԥģű弶ǿĿƼˮƽ
ŵ豸豸ĵȼҲߣӦÿ
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ʹ̫豸ܾʮļϣҲṩ˶ٵİˡ
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һҲǼҪģ۽ѾǷ˸߽׵ϣ÷е֧֣Ϊʦ֮󣬻Եõ÷еİΪеġ
㹻ԴЩԴǸ߽׵ԴһΪʦЩ߽ԴֻǲƸ޷תΪԴ
ʦԴҪİҪӦ
һ棬ĺ٣ûܹӰӿĻᡣ
ôٵĺԺһǼΪӡ
ټӰĿǡ򡯣ɲ֪
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ʿһᾡΪõģɯ֪ΪҪ豸ⷽ沢ûоûκʵӦΪĹ
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˵ץ֮£Ѿٿˡ
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ǱߵѴϢʿѸΪΪ÷еĺʿĿǰڱչ֮С
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һʱ䣬϶ʦǷǳæģһƽ֮£ġ
˵һƽʧܵԭǰʦĶרУɳµ϶ʦ޷ӱܵġ
Ե϶ʦԼĹϵͨǱߵˣ鵽Ϣ
Ǳߵޣ޷Ϊֱϵ
ڱչ״̬÷йϵʦ÷ǲ˭ŵչصġ
ʮ弶չأϵǷܹʦ
ʦκǼҪģÿһλʦǱս
ټ츳ˣ÷жڴɲֻʮʦŸߵΡ
ʮ弶չأҪ߽ʿõĻлԴﵽҪ󣬸Ҫø߽ʿȶ̬ǽʦĹؼ㡣
÷ĴǵʦûʲôҲ벻λʦ÷Ϥֶķʦҡͷ˵
ҲһҲԽʦ˹ʦ˵
λʮ˼ʦıõ϶ʦʮʧ
Ҫ֪ŵλʮ˼ʦŵǿʦҲ弶ǰʦ
ʦ֮ϵһЩǵʵġ
ʮ˼ʵκ̽жԷչҪãλʮ˼ʦ˺ܶʦѡ
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Ϊƽ۶ŵҪԣǱһƽۣǿɲ˵̬ȡ
ļλʦҲǽѹ㷺ʦ
϶ʦǣ⼸λʦ׷¶ɫ弶÷д򽻵ɶ÷еģҪԷ顣
ҿԣڣһʦ˵


404 
Ƕ˹ʿյŵһλʦϢæϵʿ
λŵʦ⽻ģʮļ߽ʿô弶ʦʲô
Ƕ˹ʿ÷еսԱʮļ÷еӣΪǱڴﵽʮļͻľ
Ϊ÷еѺʿͼ׵Ļ
һݣǾǵʿ
ͬΪһе֮
֮ìҪ׷ݵˣΪԴ̫֮Уż֮УڸԵ֮У
Ƕ˹ʿǵһԱִԷļǵ뵽Ҳ١
Ƕ˹ʿʵܹʮļڱ˿Ǳ£ܹ˵Ľʮļ
ֻԼ֪Ϊܹﵽʮļ˶١
÷У鱨ͳԻȡӦԴ
ܹʮļҲ˾ɭʦԳ֣ͻƵġ
Ƕ˹ʿһֱڹעŵĸ߽ʿ
õ´ʦģһ֪˲࣬Ƕ˹ʿĵ£ŷ¡
һ÷УͳΪ÷еصʿ뵽˺ĵ
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ŵʦӴɡ
Ƕ˹ʿͨڲͨѶϵͳȥϢ
һĶĵá
ɯǱߴϢҪĵ豸豸⣬ҵ˳ڵ졣
Ϊʿ޹أټϼֳɵģҪֻƣܵļǿתȣԴﵽҪĲǱңʱ䡣
ʱԼҪʮ죬д󲿷ʱ䶼ϵĲԡ
׼롮򡯵ļƻƺ
ġ׶죬ϵԼΪŵٶȽţֻҪչʱ䣬ϵͻٴν
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Լɻĵã÷еĵãϵ뾫ϵ˸⡣
֪ԼݿϢ΢΢ü÷пûʲôѡ
ɯ뿨άʿ⣬ֻõ´ʦ޶´ʦ߷ʦϵʽ
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ŵп࣬ŵȹɳҪһʱڣʮһʮ弶ȻԵʣܹҲΪŵ
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ðϵǸǶ˹ʿŵʦϻίУҪԼ棬һλõʱ䣡
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ЩģǶ˹ʿԵŵǱ֤ͨʵһŵǱȷʵΪŵʦϻıǡ
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ϣɲŵʦϻʲô˵弶ʦ֣ǻ޴鷳
ԷһҫǷɴ˳㿴Ƕ˹ʿҪ˵ʲôܿ˾
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û뵽ʲôΣգ֪УѾǶλǼΪȫĵط
뿪ĿռͨݿԼҫǷɴ
˵Ц⻹ǵһγҫǷɴ֮ǰֻϵͳмҫǷɴ
ҫǷɴӻɳͣǰԶ
Ŵ򿪺¶Ĳǲڵ龰һռͨ
ҫǷɴһ΢ͷɴ͵ƣΪܹڴٵĺС
߽ռͨռת䣬ҫǷɴڲռ֮С
ڼʻգĿռȡʿšļʻոҪ֪ҷɴֻ΢ͷɴ
ν΢ͷɴҲһ㹻ʹõķɴԼҲ׵ĳȡ
Ŀռ似ÿһμо̾
ҫǷɴڲĿռ֮Թǧ˳ˣȻҫǷɴƲΪǧƵģŸֹܵķ䣬ʻߵڶ
лһң䱸Ӽ߹һõĿռڲŨȡ
ҫǷɴûйֶΣԣʿս㹻ˣһɴ̫սޡ
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ҫǷɴ÷Ϊ˱صʿ׼ģҲһԱѡҫǷɴȨޡ
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ľ뵽˲ٿϵͳͨռ淢˶ռͨЩڿռвµͨ
֮У󲿷ֶͨռͨ
ǱԾΪȽļԾǵԵĿռƶռͨȴȲúõĿռͨκһϽ룬κһ˳ӶʵĿռԾ
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ⳬ֪ʶۣҪ˽ĻҪλϵ߽ʿ´õƼѧϰϵͳ
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ȻҫǷɴĿռ令ֶò۷弶ĸ߽ʿ޷ʲôв
Ҫռ令֣ôҲҪסɴǱ
ʵҫǷɴ趨˸Ƕ˹ʿ꣬ҫǷɴһν뵽˿ռͨ
ʱ䣬ҫǷɴӿռͨе
ҫǷɴ̫е˲䣬ɫһ䡣
ҫǷɴֵĿռ䣬֪̫գĸ֪ǼΪġ
ľɨԴΪʮ弶ľϵ߽ʿûлȫʩչ
Ϊõ´ʦһ𣬺÷ܲԼľ
֮ǰҫǷɴɴҲû뵽Ծ
Լľ룬ԶԶǰӵŸΪǿĹԡ
ľɨȴֻǧ׵ľ룬ͱסˣһŹֵĿռ֮С
ͷƤǣռ֮Уһλʮʦ
һûмʦʦû˿صı¶ԼĶ⡣
壡һʱ뵽ʲô
ǵһ壬ҲǵһʦĶ⡣
ʲô֪ûĻĻпǶģһλǿʦ
æݿҪϵ÷зźţ⴦ռһźš
鲼޷ӡ
ϡ񡯻׳֣һӣҫǷɴս˴洢ռ䡣
Ҳд洢ռ䣬ĿռƷ޷пռ似ķɴ


405 ռ
Ȼ˵Ԥ壬ֱһλ޷ƥеʦΣǺܿȶ
ܶνӽΣգΪ߽ʿҪʦ֮ĳͻҲûжٸ߽ʿļ¼
ʦսҲɱǿʦʦʱȻ侲
ľÿ˶ʦľƬռɨţҪʲô쳣֮
뷨գʦվ֮УۿĶдŸ߸ϵĮȻ
ʦǿԸ֪뷨ģΪ弶ƿռ䡣
ռ֮УҲǼ亱ＶװãռȶýռܹʦĹƻ
ǽռԣýռΪǱļİɱ
ʦŽռ䣬ܹĿ겢ʵֿƵĿġ
ľûзֽռκ쳣ڿռŲĸ֪Ŀռ֪̫ˡ
þķٻ˳ķġ񡯻ڡ
ķȼ⴦ռ䣬ҳܹʹö̾ռƶ뿪λú֪ͨңþķԸ
ķĿռǿϺܶ࣬ķûа취Ҳʧȥ˴뿪ϣ
ҪľǶһЩʱ䣬ķ㹻ʱԽռм顣
˭ŵλʦʵ
θǶ˹ʿŵԼģȻǰʦΪŵʦ
ɻǣֿռֶΣһ㶼ŵܹӵеĿռ似
ʿҿɲŵЩʦҿϣŵȻɱʦǶʦʦ⣬ϴŲмػص
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ʦĿ弶ʦûзУ˵ļʦˡ
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֪һλʦˣӦûгԹɣһƶ壬һù̬ʵ
ƶλΪķܹ׶Խռм飬Ϊܽķųȥֻƶλˡ
ƶʦڽռžԵģûС
һֻ֮УҲһľٶʵ
˳Ľ壬ʦ鲻ǲ̸һܹɱɱӰ
ȻҪʿתͶɲףʿ뱾ʿǲͬģʿҪǩһԼԼǶԼҲǶʿԼ
ʿΥԼִۼͬʿʧȥδ
һЩʿηģΥԼ֮䣬ѡΥԼҲпܵġ
ǵɭʦȷʵ޳𣬲ǶÿһλܹΪʦʦӣвϧĴΪ߽ʿʵʮ弶ҪչأֻΪ˻øõĽ𣿡ɭʦû˿
ɭʦעģҪôҪôͶߣǩϸԼӶΪµһԱ
һ䣬ҲֻǸմ÷епڵûʲô˽⡣
ȴʮһ֮һ
û뵽֮侹Ȼ˴˵ʦӡ
Щû÷֮ǰɲ˽⼸֮Ĺϵ֪ʮ弶߽ʿչػԭɡ
һţһƶλãһʱ䣬Ѿռ򶼾ˡ
ʿ㲻ٳˣռʮʦ޷ƿȻսʤʦսҿʵӦŰеİ֣Ҫ뿪ΨһĻǷݣǩһԼɭʦҲû̸Ȥͨ뺡
ǩԼҪ˵÷ǩǷԼǼΪɵģһݼƽȵԼ
νԼͺñλϵ߽ʿǩľϵԼȾϵԼΪ̡
һǩԼ͵ڽԼɭʦɭʦʱ
սҲѡ
ڴʱķͨϵϢ
ķҵ⴦ռĽڵ㣬ҲΨһʹö̾ռƶ뿪⴦ռĽڵ㡣
аϲһ߹ͨķһ׼ǿĹӰɭʦ
ŲСĹ˼ɣǿǹǲܶõģӰӵġͬܶá
Ϊ޷ɱɭʦ¶ĹΪϡ
ôѧϰӢڤ뷨ʮ弶طһطѾˡ
Ҳˡ򡯡ǹ⣬ǿĹܹʹõǿ
ɭʦܹңôٿǷ飡˵
ڿУ̶ڽռĽڵ㴦
˵ķǳף˼ɭʦҪԼͶôҪֳ㹻ǿʵ
ʱķɭʦΪԼͶҸڡ
Ҵδλ߽ʿսʦҴӦսһ㣡ɭʦЦ˵
Լľռڲʮ弶
ɭʦδĶҪʹǿĹٻܵķڷ
˵ǷԼвΪʦɭԼжϣֻҪĹûг߽ףǾⷢӡ
Ĺ˸߽ףﵽʦɭʦ֡
ǵһϽһطӦʵսɭʦûֹ׼Ҳĵĵ
ռڣʮ弶Ļ㼯ʹÿռ䶼ƺŤ
ͷų˴ʮ弶ľϵڣһطĹһͼƱɭʦϡ
һطռʮ弶˲ʧɭʦ棬һ㼯뾫ĵ㡣
ɭʦɫ΢΢һݣһǳ˸߽ʿĹЩʦĹͲһͿԴﵽʦĹˡ
һ˲䣬ɱ⣬Բųɳ
ɭʦķǳɲʲôҲǼĳֱеطǡӢڤ뷨ʮ弶ط
ûмӢڤ뷨ʮ弶طʮ弶ϵʿʩչġһطû
ͨһ˵ľԳʮ弶ϵʿӦеһطȡܹľ
Ϊʩչġһطɭʦı⣬ɭʦҲɱ֮ˣڸı󣬾͵ߵĻ˹
ڷһطʱͶķӰԭʧķĶ̾ռƶͨռĽڵ˽ռ䡣
ɭʦĹֲĻΪĻԭڵλãֻһɲǵʱͿԹ
һ뿪ռ䣬ͽ׼õݿϢ˳ȥ
˴ľľȻżǿķΧ
ľȾ˿ռеһ̨ͬȭͷС豸豸ԵĿռϢ˵ǽռ豸ġ
ռ豸˲䣬ռ豸һƶĽռԶرա
ɭʦɽռȨޣӽռʧȨޣҪӽռ
ɾȨ֮ʱռ𶯣ʱ޷뿪
ûʲôģӦƶ˽ռ豸ȽռԶرպȻͿ뿪ռˡ
Ӱ뿪ռʱ䣬ʱΪһ롣
ɭʦֻϣһʱ䣬뿪̫ԶǶ˹ʿ棬ϣǶ˹ʿܹסһʱ䣬ܹٽ
Ƕ˹ʿͬʱ˶ԷǶ˹ʿ֪δɭʦѵġ
Ƕ˹ʿǳһ£ȫ뿪Ҳ͵ͷˡ
ʮļϵԸ߽ʿʮ弶ϵ߽ʿҪսʤǲܵ¡
Ƕ˹ʿҲһ㣬ûսʤֻžס
ɲɭʦ䣬ʮɭʦʵжôĿ£ܹӽռгһ⡣
ģǶ˹ʿ˹
ӰԭʧΪһǰϵĳط˲
ûǶ˹ʿʱս뷨ľȻ˴룬ֶοɲֻо
񡯻ڳڶϸС磬ٶȴݵܿǶ˹ʿĹһְֻ˸Ƕ˹ʿϡ


406 Ԯ
ʹôΧġ򡯣ֽġӦãǲᱩ¶򡯵Ĵڵġ
ʱһ㡮ڸǶ˹ʿĻ֮ϣʮļûвκεЧͱһ㡮ͻơ
Ҳͬûзס֣׵йȫֹͣ
һз̫죬Ƕ˹ʿܿĹѾǰ
Ƕ˹ʿ͸оһʧȥ˶ƿء
ʱҲ˸Ƕ˹ʿϣʮ弶˲ɨǶ˹ʿڣ˸Ƕ˹ʿڵǽϵȫ
ЩǶ˹ʿʧȥ˷սһֻõսָ
սĹ̼죬ӸǶ˹ʿսսָֻһ벻ʱ䡣
ʱıȫԼٶȣԶȫٷȥ
֪÷еľԮʲôʱᵽǰ˵ľԮֻԼʵ
Ҫɱ㣡չٶȣ͸ֲ֪Ϣڣһ
ٶȻܿ죬ٶٿ죬ҲûܹӹɭʦĻ
ܣĻڶ𣬽һƬΪ˻𺣡
ȫϵġ񡯻ףǿֵסɭʦԶ̹
Ǽ侪ģ񡯻׶ڻԵĹżǿģǰʮʦûи˵ѹȸС
ɭʦͬʮʦɾʦԶ̶ԿռеĻƣ޷
ʦʦʵȷʵҪ弶ʦһ̵ʶ
ɭʦ׼Ĺ֮ʱͻȻɫһ䣬֪˿ռı仯
ζ֧ԮˣɭʦɲʦսһǼΪصġ
˾ȻʧȥɱĻᣬԼΪ
һ۴ڻΧеһʧȥɱĻᣬԺɱɲˡ
һӣ϶һ̨ףϷ˿ռ䲨ߣһռͨ
ֱ̨ӽռͨûʧȥ˺ܶĹܣһλ¼ʦԣĻ׸Ϊʵ
ɭʦĶɭʦȻӣһ֧Ԯˡ
Ҫ֪ڵɭʦѾǳˣֻҪһͿɱ
Ȼɱף׼ˣܹӱܿɭʦιķĶ̾ռƶĵơ
ɭʦ֪ɭʦôõĻҪߣôԸ
ķþķԸ
һǧһʮķ޷˼ɭʦֺҪ۵ڿռƿس̶ȣɭʦҲ
ɭʦҪռͨʱķһռǿռͨڴӽת³Ч
ɭʦ˴壬ͻȻоһӿռͨб˳
Ҳʱһ΢ͷɴ֣һɿֲʮ߼ʦϢƬ
ϵĻʧȡ֮ɭʦ߳Ļ棬ɭʦΧС
ԾĿǰķתû뵽÷е֧Ԯ֮졣
֪ǣݿ÷еĺʿܵԴ㲻ʲôҪ֪ЩԴûҪκεǱңҪִ
ټһ׾ϵʦҩԴЩɶǺʿı׼
ʿԮźţȼߵġ
λֵʦ÷еʦִʦΧڣһλִʦʱΪ˷ֹʿʧ
÷еĺʿĺʿԮźź󣬵һʱӦִʦ
ִʦͨռ̫ͨУ͸֪ɭʦϢ
ȻɭʦΪûߣִʦɲ֣ɭʦϢǼ¼ֲִڵģͨʦ
ɭʦƻҪץûгɹ
ִʦηɭʦôܷŹôõĻᡣ
˵ִʦҲһʱ䷢ϢǷԮźŵĺʿ
ɭʦ¶㲻Ϊ˿ռͨȴ˳
ڸ֪ʮ߼ʦϢʱ֪Լˡ
ڻΧûκεսʦĵȼ߽֮࣬ʱڸӵԽ
ʮ߼ʦʮʦǾһѹԵơ
ʿӮˣɭʦһŭ
ĺг˲ʣΪԼִʦУִʦʮ߼
һжΪɭʦ֪ʹʲôֶΣ޷ߣȴ֪һʹõֶΡ
Ϊ֮ǰӽռ룬˵ĳֿռֶΡ
ɭʦĺУһ־֮⡣
ִʦӰһǰһʮ߼ɵƳ˵ǰ
䡱һ죬ɭʦȻԱˡ
ֲʮʦԱĳ̫γ˴ӱըĳ
ִʦƾͬʯ㣬ɭʦԱĳǺˣô޷Ӱơ
ɭʦԱϣȴִʦ֮С
ɭʦ̫ĵļܣִʦУļϵԵĴ
ִʦ֪һ㣬ɭʦҲִ֪ͬʦҪʮ߼סɭʦɭʦûиִʦκεĻֱԱ
ִʦҡҡͷ˭һλʦǰ䣬п
Ҫ֪ʦĳɳǷǳ׵ģʿ֮Уֻм츳ԴλʿлΪʦ
עȴɭʦԱ󣬾սָһͬˣΪϧ
ʦսָҲ֪жٵĺö
ʦˣлľ֮еĺ˼׿ִʦһ
ִʦʱʱѾɭʦС
ӦҪл㣬ʿɭʦ׷˺ܾãɱִʦЦŻ˵
ִʦղķɭʦ˵Ǿ仰ɭʦ¼еá
ҽаִʦڵİȫ˵˵ľִʦҽܵͬʱʾݿ
ִʦʾ֤ݿϵִ߱ǣȻỳɰִʦݡ
ᰢִʦյźź󣬱ڵһʱֻ˵һûɲ
Ǵŵ÷еģյϢŵҪԼңصΪһΰȫļ棬û뵽ᷢ£ľ򵥵˵˳
˭Լִʦ׷ʵ
Щԥô˵Ƕ˹ʿ÷еʿ׼Ƕ˹ʿ÷дġ
ԥ֮ʱҷɴгֵ֣õ´ʦһλʶʮ˼ʦ
ʦҴʿлˣõ´ʦʶִʦЦ˵
õ´ʦһֱǼΪעģźźһʱյźš
ʮ˼ʦڰݷһ˹
ǻҪɴȰִʦһ
õ´ʦһ͸֪̫еĻϢʦԱϢʮԵģ֪ա
õ´ʦˣҵĹѯʿ¼ľ͹ˣִʦõ´ʦʮֵĿ
ʿ㲻Ҫʲôʲô򰢵ִʦ˵õ´ʦԸ
Űִʦʮ˼ʦ棬ʲôĻȥ˵
õ´ʦץҹʿ÷еĸ߽ʿԥһ£ʵʵ˵
˵ŽǶ˹ʿսָƳǶ˹ʿ״̬ȴ޷Լ壬ϵֱɱ޷
õ´ʦղԱǵɭʦ¼ϵļ߽ʿҲǼ֮һϣܹҽ߽ʿأִʦõ´ʦ
÷ҲһԱȻ߽ʿãʹߣϣǲļõ´ʦ˵
ִʦһϲץǶ˹ʿսָȡһ̾ߴڸǶ˹ʿϡ
ʿջؾˣִʦûǿн⿪Ƕ˹ʿϵƣ˵⿪ʮ弶Ʋ
һأûõ´ʦɱɭʦץסһļ㹻ִʦˡ
ľɨǶ˹ʿ壬Լľջء
Ƕ˹ʿϵֵĽĻָûκε춯һɥ̬
һ̾ûһ˿ķлʵʱ֮ǰϵʱ鷳


407 ץ
ִʦ뿪ˣҲ˸Ƕ˹ʿǶ˹ʿǾɫǶ˹ʿ֮Ǳ¡
ʿллɵʦר̹ģõ´ʦʱſʼΪߵʮ˼ʦ
ллɵʦİæл
Ȼʮ˼ɵʦԲΪģɵʦܹûãֵл
õ´ʦ㿴еʿȻ츳ˣǾϵﵽʮ弶ϵǵʮڣȫʿǺɵʦַЦõ´ʦ˵
ɵʦˣʿ츳鷳õ´ʦεҡͷ˵
ľȻһŵʦйϵΪʮ弶ᰲһʱ䡣
û뵽Ŷʱ䣬һʦΪԭˡ
ȻʦǸϢһʦҪ䣬鱨ϵͳԼĴ
ûжʦԸͶڼҵ֮УɭʦԸΪʦǼĴڡ
λ˵ֻš
ʿһȥõ´ʦ˵
λʦ߽˷ɴɴҲΪݻ
ɴռִͨӿռͨгǰ󲻹ʮʱ䣬ͻص÷ܲ
ʿ㻹뿪ܲΪãȽϰȫпյʱ򣬶ҸĴУܹװ츳ҲͲҪΪԴˣõ´ʦڴ򿪲ǰ
˵Щǵʮ弶ʱľ״̬ڽӰģɲϣԼĻʦϰ
ǣõ´ʦҲûбʲôӦ
ӷɴռ
һεʶԼʵ
ԭŵʮʦͻȡʤжʮʦη塣
ڼʶʮʦ֪Լʮʦ֮Ĳࡣ
ҪǰִʦļʱϵɭʦмֲϢʱ䡣
š񡯻ףҲ޷ֵסʵǿʮʦĹ
뵽λõĽռ豸ռܹסʮʦĿռƷûпռİ£Ҫӽռ뿪ɲס
Ҫսռ豸ǳ鷳Ҫƽռ豸Ȩޡ
˳ԣҲ޷ƽ⿪ռ豸Ȩޣռ豸ҲĿռƷ
뵽Լϵ߽ʿ֪ڹôȥ˳㽫ռ豸о
ϵ߽ʿˮƽԼҪ߶ˣټһʱѧϰĿƼ罻ǡ
ǽռ豸УҲֻһղƷûʵʵá
뵽תռżռȥ
˼ռûռڵĳУֱӷɵAռʹȨ޽С
ڴûпˣľɨ˲λ鷿֮С
鷿ϵ߽ʿЩ㲣ǵ˫ȴ˸ŹâǵǰֱĻĻڿٷ뻭档
ԼǾϵ߽ʿ֪ϵ߽ʿǿѧϰŶôǿЧ
ͨϵ߽ʿ״̬֪˿ôʱ䶼ָǿȵѧϰ״̬Ϊϵ߽ʿôܻ˵㲡
ͣһ£ĵûλϵ߽ʿע⣬ɼǵͶжôרעֻó˵
ϵ߽ʿѧϰ״̬˳ǵɫŲͣڿ¶˹֮ɫ
ʮ˭ǽӴƼĻᣬһֻƾŲȥĿƼ
һҲ޷оĿǰѧϰƼıɽһǡ
£Ŀǰѧϰôˣʵ
ˣ֪ʶԭе֪ʶϵ̫࣬ǾСѧһѧϰҪһʱ䣬ģԼͷԣһ֪ʶΪ񣡡ʮ˷ܵ˵
һ̨豸һѧϰһյ֪ʶƽ豸Ȩޣռ豸ȡһԷԸ
ռ豸ֻȭͷСǲռط
ˣרעѧϰƽȨ޵֪ʶʱҲ޷Ҫ󣡡οŽռ豸Ҫ豸֪豸Ĳ򵥡
ΪоԱռ豸СǾ֪еķӦϵ⡣
豸һΪȽȨϵͳ֪֮Ҫƽ豸ȨޣƾĿǰ֪ʶۻ̫ࡣ
豸ǣҲżܳһʱҶ÷еܲ˵
Ӧõ´ʦԼҲ뿪÷ܲˡ
˴ɭʦǳٵġ
˵ͣӦڵԣֻж÷ܹܲȫ
齻λϵ߽ʿǻصռԼĿռ䷿ڽ˱չ״̬
ŵŵǣŵڵʦв١
ʦϻλҪ֪ʱʦϻĳԱԶ̻ġ
⻹жλʦ㼯ڴˣͬʱʦϻλʦҲԶ״̬ͨȫϢӰķʽڻڡ
ղʦͨ÷ڲĹϵǱߵĹϵԼʱͨԶ̵ķʽŵ̸ƽ֮¡
ʦûнƽ֮¸֪Ƕ˹ʿƽ۶κǼΪҪıɲϽ֦
ôûϢʱӦõˣֶķʦ˿ʱü˵
ոһҪĸ߼פϢʱڣΪ˹
ʦϵһĹϵô£϶ʦԲʦԸ
϶ʦҲڻУ˭׷ƽ֮˵ģҪȫ׷ƽۡ
ʦȵȣɿλʦϻĴжˣҲֻϵǶ˹ʿ
ǣôϢûа
ΪҪԽӣɲʦ޷ȷǶ˹ʿⲻ磬ǸǶ˹ʿûнӵźš
ֶķʦ϶ʦһۣǶоһ˿ԣԽǿʦԽǶ֮ĪĸӦ
ڵȴ֮ʱڵŵϿգһСͷɴͻȻ֡
Сͷɴֵͬʱǵŵеİȫϵͳȫʧ飬ɨ豸ʧȥźţϰڵϵͳҲȫھĬ״̬
ѹƣСͷɴɲͨɴɴŹϵͳ
ڻеĶλʦ̧ͷգȫ˻ҵݶȫȻŵҵʷֵ
ͻȻһλʮ߼ʦʵϲʮ˼ļֶķʦҲŵһˡ
ֶķʦСͷɴʱɫѿʶСͷɴϵıǣִǡ
Ҳ˵Сͷɴ֮һλʮ߼ִʦ
ͬʱֶķʦҲ֪ΪСͷɴȻϢĵֱֲűǷ֡
ŵΪŵǣŵһԾġ
Ծ㲢⿪ţһֱڹرյ״ֻ̬еΪʱ̣ŻῪԾ㡣
Ŀռ似Ծ㴦ڹر״̬ҲԽԾĿռ䲨ǿʹÿռԾֱӵŵǡ
Ĳ࣬ŵǰƼȫѹ״̬ŵǾĺ԰
ֶķʦ֪һ㣬Ҳ޿κΡ
ʵȷʵʮ߼ִʦ֪λʮ߼ִʦ޹ǰһžԵ֤ݲŻᵽ
ŵ룬ʮ߼ִʦҲ
λִʦ˵ԭɣֶķʦСͷɴʵ
СͷɴſһӰжǰִʦ
ִʦ˸Ƕ˹ʿרҵԱʣ֪ܿ¼ľ
漰ŵĲʦִʦιǴʦǰܵ顣
ֶķʦþòִʦֶķʦͷ˸к
ǿʦضһµģҲˡ
˵ˣִʦ뼪ֶķʦһðչйһν顣
ִʦʲôҪԹֶķʦϻһ㣬ʵ
Լʶִʦ˵Ļᡣ
Ҫ߲ʦִܵ飬ִļѾŵУִʦ˵
Ŀ˵֮ʱͶ˲ʦеʮ߼ʦȫ
òʦ˿춯¶ԷԼ𹥻


408 չ
ִʦǲʲôᣡֶķʦֱӳֹ˵
ֱӳֹӰִʦнʦȳ
ĺֶķʦͻﰢִʦͬʱҲִ
ֶķʦһ˵ţһڱʽҪѯִʦᵽִļ
ȴֱʽ޷һԵɴ˵ɴӰ
ûκεᣡִʦص
ִʦȽźѹƣ鿴һǷļֶķʦ
ִʦ˵ͷݿĹĻϲ˼¡
ɴ˶ŵǵźѹƺľгԷģаȫϵͳģҲиϵͳġ
ȡ䣬ûаȫֶⷢķʦͨʽŷ
ִһִӡǵʽļ
˵ִʦķʽЩԵֻǽʽļŵᣬûŵߵκηӦֱж
ǸߵȼԵ͵ȼѹƣŵܹԿŵͱס
ʵΪмֶķʦλʮ˼ʦֳִʦ˵ʲôִʦǿд߲ʦ
ִʦܲµΪ˺£ֶķʦļֻһ漰ȫԭ򣬲ûдǺԭץʦʵ
ֶķʦ㲻׵ľ漰ȫԭñʵ̫ˣ󵽲ʦµĵز
Բʦܹ뵽漰ȫ¼֮¡
ֶķʦֻܸ㲨ʦĳļϵΣΪִʦ΢һԥ͸©һϢ
˵仰ִʦӰһ͵˲ʦǰһץס˲ʦļ硣
ʮ߼ʦʦΪΪʦһ˷ΪôִʦԻɱ֡
ʦɰִʦץס֮һ̾߳ϣʧȥ˷
֮ǰڳʦûгΪżֶķʦ棬ʱۿʦҪץߣԼ
Ȼڳʦû֣Ϣִʦȫʱᷢ
°ִʦʵǿôʦͬʱ֣Ҳ޷ֵ
ִʦû˿ţĿڳеʦ
Ҵִ벨ʦЭ飬Ȿǲʦһ֮£һͬ룬һſʦĳ֮¾ŵͬľǲҪĽִʦʵ
ֳһƬλʦûһλҳֻ֣֪Ҫ֣Ǻŵֱӽ
ûԸ⿴ŵ޷ƥеĴڡ
Ҫǣλʦ֪Ϊ£ԭץʦóȻֵĻ鷳Ⱦ²ʦࡣ
ס֣һȥһˣʦǱԩģһὫƽֶķʦֹʦǵĶ˵
ִʦ˵Ųʦɴ
ɴʵת飬ʧʦǰ
᲻ǲʦϵ⣿϶ʦѵ
뵽ƽ֮£ʦеϵˡ
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ʱһĹȥûгĿռֻڿռڵĲݵ뿨άʿ졣
֮ǰ֮¹ȥʮʱյһִļν
ݼνûʵʵĽȴʵʵĽΪҪΪȨһ
Ҫ֪ʮ弶ϵ߽ʿģ÷еĺʿȨ޾ѾǸ߽ʿзǳߵˡ
һεļνȨֱӵ˸߽ʿеȨޡ
и߽ʿĵԵȨӣȴһע
֮ǰܹĵãֻ÷еһĵãȴǿͨ鿴ݿеʿĵá
һջÿۿĵõʱˣȫ뵽ѧϰѭ֮С
ֹȥһЩӣɯĿռ䷿̨豸֮ûͨͷʽΪ̨豸Щ󣬳˿ռ䷿Ʒ͵ơ
ɯˣɯӿռӽ̨豸ȡЦ˵
ʿҵĹ̨豸һĿռ䣬ڿռڷֱ豸յǿռҪ⣡ɯֽܵ˵鷢˵ʹ˵ȨѾúˣӵȨޣ
ܺãҼһ£Ҫ޸ĵĵطٸ㣡˵ͷ˵
Ҿ͸ˣɯ˵
ûи̨豸ã˼Ѿǳˣǲ֪̫ࡣ
Ǹϻ֮ˣôῴһ㡣
ɯ뿪ݿĻ鿴豸ʹ˵
ǿռһֻ֪֪ǿռ̨ܹ豸Ҫġ
Ҫ֪֮ǰʹõ̫豸Ϊܹ̫׵ǿʹԴܾ
ɵ䲻֪Ŀǰ豸ΣʹϣȫȻûơ
˵ܿ쿴̨꣬豸ʹȻء
ľɨ̨豸𣬷ֱŵҵࡣ
ʹ˵Ҫ豸װ̨豸ĹĻʼ˵һε
ĻϵСֱһʮȽ豸һ豸ǰһССĿռ䡣
Ƭռڵߣռڿſ£ȴ޷Ӱ쵽ռ⣬ַڿռϣҲ޷֪һ˿ĵ
š񡯻ףӰ뵽˵ռڡ
ССĿռ伸񡯻׵ŵĳ¶Ц⡣
ȻֻһĿƼˮƽԶԶŵ˵֮ǰ̫׻ֻ׼оģȫŵĿƼˮƽ
豸һĿǰʮļ󣬿ֻһ
ľ豸ϵļʱܵѹ
һ񡯻ȫȫʧȫ¶ڵռڡ
תˡٴθоˡ򡯷ŵָоֻܾ̫豸ʱŸܵ
ڵ豸ļЧλϵ߽ʿĽ̫豸Чǿʺʱ衣
һΡЩĴӵռг
оֻҪ£ͿԽ򡯽ʮ弶
Ҳһ£Ǿԡͻʦܽ򡯵ޡ
֪ԡͻʦ᲻ϵرӦ᲻ӴϵͻѶȡ
Ȼһֱ޷ͻʦһáͻֶΣʹֶΣҪٴˡ
ֽ豸Ӱӽ뵽˻ռڣһӰӵҪ
̨豸⣬ӰѾʮ弶򡯣ȴҲֻҪ衣
ζ̨豸Ϊʦ֮󣬻ܹӳЧ̨豸ǿϡ
ʵⲢ⣬ĿƼˮƽķչԼżлõ֪ʶƼˮƽﵽ˴Ķ⡣
رǶоϣΪܹǿռӶܹøǿתȡ
˵豸豸άʿҲûռĲݵϼ
ֶķʦɵʦǶʮ˼ʦ˴֮йεĺϵ㲻
ֶķʦһʱ䣬ͨѴ˵˰ɵʦУרǰݷðɵʦ
ֶķʦ֪⣬ڲʦ֮£㻹ǲҪ̫ɵʦ˵
Ҳ֪ŵʦ࣬һʱʧ˶λʦʦпܵĻһϣܹģֶķʦһ䣬˰ɵʦе˼Ǽ˵
ǺðɣҵʱֳʦϵĸǶ˹ʿǵļΪŲʦӡǣɸǶ˹ʿ˺ʿɵʦ֡
ʿһЩԼҲеֶΣͱļˡ
ʦȻֵ֮УûһأҲģҲ̽ˣʦ౻ڸ߼Ĵפؼʮʱ䣡ɵʦԥһ£ǽͳ¼ľ̽Ϣ֪˼ֶķʦ


409 
ȫչ״̬ÿ󲿷ʱ䶼š򡯣ųĵӦġٶȱż
һЩġ׶һʮЧ⻹һֻ˾޵
ǡӢڤ뷨õʱٵģһֻһᡣ
šӢڤ뷨ǻһ뵽ϵڵļ
һʼֻӢڤ뷨ʱ򣬵ھһЩ֮ʱʱ
˱ܣΪı仯Ӱ쵽ڡ롮׶
ӰǱߵġҲڳĽţȫҪʡ
Լı仯ҲŲ²ģľϵĵãǶԾǿһֹ̣Ϊʦ׼
̫ŻΪı仯Ӧóھӯ֮󣬶ǳڻ۾ʱ
ûио仯ĻԾĸţűչûֹͣ
Ϊ˷ֹȫ뾫ϵڣӰ쵽һЩ£һֵϵ뾫ϵ߽ҩãϵͳÿһʱԶͳ
ӦɯԼλϵ߽ʿԴ
ʱһĹȥʵţÿ챣ʱҲԽԽ̡
ϵڵâǣӦ֮£ϵı⡣
˵ǰĴﵽʮ弶һΪˣں̽ͷŴڵľ
ָо˴ڵľ˽ʦʸ
תһʱȥݵϿάʿЦһλʮļ߽ʿ죬ֻĿⲻʱĿĿռ䷿
άʿܾûпˣ˵Ϊͨչеѹ
Ҫ֪ǿʦǲڵʦС
ǰȥ󣬿άʿԼǴˣǽ뵽״̬
ÿάʿ뵽ܣоŨŨĽȻԼжϻһЩɵġ
Ҫʮ弶ãôͽ뵽״̬
״̬ʮ弶߽ʿһض״̬Ϊء
ʮ弶߽ʿΪ˽״̬ǿԼӴӶ뵽֮С
Ŀǰλصʮ弶߽ʿ׼չصʱ򣬶Ǽأǲ֪ʱ˭ܹ뵽ص״̬
ͬھĻ۽׶ΣȫҪء
һıչأȻҪأôֱչؾкܴˡ
άʿԼſȫ£ҲһΪ˽ص׼Ѿ׼˶꣬Ҳûн뵽״̬
ǳһֱˣҲѡأķʽԼﵽ״̬
ڿάʿ֮ʱһӰ˽ɯ
άʿһʱʿ𣿡ɯǵĵάʿѯʵ
˺ܾãžռڲ鿴
ÿ¶һݱ棬ǱҵʹԼλϵ߽ʿ豸
ΪӦĹ
ı棬űĶļ¼ڴǰû˱Ķļ¼
ÿ¶ᶨʱλϵ߽ʿԴҪΪ¡
ʧʱԽԽɯ˸Ĳԡ
Դʱÿ¶ͬģͬԾȷ룬˵ĲϵͳԶΪ
ɯĵʱԽԽأйȥõ´ʦ뷨
ܹΪõ´ʦµľõ´ʦôüģԼҲҪԤԼ
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һЩϵ˭һʧƵ
ɯռ뵽Ŀռ䷿ܲԼȨ޳Խռ䷿
˿άʿ뵽ͨάʿѯϢάʿΪʶĸ߽ʿ
ɯʿǲЩˣѵû뵽ʿ״̬𣿡άʿɯ⣬εҡͷʵ
ɯһûܡ
ûдﵽӯ״̬£ͽ״̬ʮ弶߽ʿǾϵĻϵģǽɹģǽʧܵģǧ궼ѵóһλ
ֿûм¼ĵõϿУҪǿɲοİʵ̫ˡ
˵ʿֱӽʦɯŵ׷ʵ
˭û±չһꣿάʿָָڵĿռ䷿˵˰˵ֻҵĲ²⣬ʵҪ֤ʵȥеʦѯʣ
ллάʿɯһӺ˺ܶ࣬ЦŹ˵
ռڣڵռڣʱռĵﵽϵġϢʮ弶
ǡ򡯣ϵϵϢҲﵽʮļһʮļĩڣﵽʮļ۷ѾԶˡ
չһĳɼһʱÿƿϵ߽ҩһƿϵ߽ҩģȡ˽˵ĳɼ
˵ʵĿźܶ࣬ĸ߽ʿԣȴǼٵˡ
һλϵ߽ʿҪʮʮļĩڣҲҪʮʱ䣬ڼĵԴǾ˵ġ
ϵ߽ʿֻĸ߽ҩҪ޸ĸ߽ҩЩҪ
Ҫǣദľʱӣÿһ춼õһȫҩĿ
ʹÿһʹø߽ҩʱڵһʹõЧ
Ҳǿˣʮ弶򡯣Լһʱ˺Ӿ޵õǿ˼
ֻʱ˫Ŀڵռڣڱĵطһ㡣
ľϵڣâŵϵ֣þϵִâǰ㡣
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һΡ׶ɣദľʱӿɫʱ䡣
û˷һʱ䣬ͬΪȷĻ㣬ʼ˵ڶεġ׶
һߣռӰӻţӰûнκεȫֻ򡯡
ⲻܹӰӣâڣͶӰʧȥ˿ơ
ӰҲ֮ǰӰӴڻռӰӾһֱʽ
ͬһʱ䣬ųĻӰʹﵽˡ򡯵۷塣
ӰӻռڲĻתΪǿԼϸڡ
ûעӰӲ꣬޷޷ϵڵĻ顣
ҲһλᣬӰܹʵ
Ӱӵϲ˸źɫĹâʱʮ弶۷Ϣй©š
ռ䣬Żռ˫ظ룬ûӰӵϢй©
ڵռ÷кʿ
κһλ߽ʿǼΪ˽˵Ϊ뱻˴š
ʮ弶ʱԵ֪ʶ۶ﵽ˼£Ҫİ
رʮ弶۷ʱпܽ뵽״̬ǲܵκξŵ״̬
һ״̬ţпܴ״̬˳ôͲ֪һ״̬ʲôʱ
ھ󲿷ֵʮ弶߽ʿԣ״̬һҲֻһΡ
ռǼܱģᱻŵҲ޷֪̽ڲչʿ
˵ڶεġ׶תʼӢڤ뷨
ĪһرĸûдԵָӣķֳһ˿һ洢ռڵҺҺҩȡ˳
ܵ뷨ر֮ʱ֪ԼҪʲô
пһҺҺҩƿڣɢ貹âҩĿС
ľϵâȻһԭһֱߵ񣬱âǵں˴
ں˴ԼľϵطͼƣԼ顣
֮ǰЩͼ飬âģɴʱľϵâǾΪһ㣬âǾϵֵڣһ˿Ŀռ䡣
˵ľϵ־âǣâǾǾϵ֡
âڲһֱã״̬ѹ


410 ʦ
ѹ˲ԼĿǰĴȻ˽Ĺ֮Уһ׾ϵʦҩˡ
ĽѾҪֹͣ޷ֹͣ
֮ʱоԼٴαͳâǺģٴʧأĸ֪ʮ
иݣâ֮С
âǿʼ뾫ϵںϣں֮ǰ״ϵںȫͬһֳ׵ںϡ
񱻷ָֽ⣬ֱغϣ̲ϵظš
ϵĥǡӢڤ뷨â뾫ϵںϵĻᣬһҪ
ʦȻʿĽĳ̶ֳϣѾֲ̬ͬˡ
ֲֿܣԻ˷裬ʹӵǿľϵ߽ʿҲҪͨҺĸпͦâ뾫ϵֵںϹ̸ʹࡣ
ķӦƽļУһһҵĥ䡣
걻ĴݲиУĥ
ټֻҪоʹ೬һĳ̶ȣľʱӾͻᴫһůһЩ
â뾫ϵֵںϷӦԽԽǿң嶼ܵӰ죬вܿƵľںϵй©
Щƽ岻κ˺ľڴʱȴǳΪĸ
ÿܿƵľй©ܵһЩ˺Լľܹ˺Ͳ٣Ҳϵ߽ʿܹܵġ
ʱͼǿʧصľӰ켫С
ڴâ뾫ϵںϳɹΪεĽǷǳ֮ʱȴǷڽںϵâ뾫ϵֹͣںϵĹ
âڵʹ࣬ͨĸ֪ҲΪָâڡ
Ϊâ뾫ϵںϵҪһҪİܹɡ
Ҫٿâǣ֮ǰһʱѧϰľ򣬽âڵľ뾫ϵڵľһ
ĶľϵĵҲмأֻһĵеݡ
ĵп޷ؾκϢǼģҪ˵ʹֻأǶԾһ˽Ҳ޷ͨӣָ򴫴ˡ
һֿĸ޷ͨκýݣֻͨԼԼľϵڸõ
ÿ˶Լľÿ˵ľ򶼲ͬ
Լ⣬ʼһĴǳСģ˿
Щϵĵ֮УᵽľֻҪгһΣôͻʧܣâ뾫ϵ֣þϵ̣þϵ߽ʿ
ϵ̣޷ڤ뷨ǰʦڣù̻ϵڵ͵ɱ
Ȼʹù̻ϵڵʦʧܵİʦҲ޷ֻԼŸһЩ
Ѿʧеý˵ʹʦ޸ҩƣֿʵ̫ˡ
ϵʦ޸ҩһЩϵʦҩȴǼ亱ͬϵʦһĺ
ɲҳʧܵζ޷Լľ޷ˣ˵սָڵĳԣ볬æ
˵ˣʹܹӳԣֶԾĸó԰Լ
ʱһĹȥһεøĳ
âǵľ뾫ϵֵľĴ£һ
ûгһʱԾĸټ̫ͬںһ꣬ԶԶκε꣬ȻҲǶһ޶ǿ
ƽʱֶһ޶ǿھľǿϣڴʱȴǳΪ档
һ㾫򱻴ʱоһʱʧأ޷֪κһα뵽޾հ㡣
֮˵һΣΪָоǰйʱܹİ¶ܹ
ʧصʱľϵȫΪâǣҾϵҲɫ޵ġ
֪ǹȥ꣬һ˲䣬»ع塣
һо˲ͬڵľϵ־һźǰ㣬ĿռУԸ֪һʵ
Ӣڤ뷨ʱյľ
ʱĸоʮرЩʵľٲ֮ǰǰİھϵĳϵ㡣
Ŀռ䲢ҲֻܸӦƬռеľ
ָ֪ȴһ־ԵĿƸУûжþֻǲһͷùĿƿӾͱץ
ƿأǾϵʦˣµڣЩԼĽʦˡ
ûʵ龫ûвľ룬ֻ־ƿؾ˵ĳΪ˾ϵʦ
ڿУһƬڣоԼ飬Ҫ֣ҪʹԼľеľ֣ľ
ֻҪԸ⣬ЩеľͿԻΪĹԵ˷
µǣеľҪԼκεľľϵ־ЩָӳҪġ
ٴһһ֮гһֲʦϢССĿռ֮Уʹÿռ䶼ζһ¡
ϵʦĿֲڽղǴԼʶˣеһ㾫ͿԲ֮ǰǹȫһ
оԱʮϵʦһˣĹһ˲Է
֪ǣϵʦĹУǿǾϵʦҪݡ
ǿȼľʱӵĲϲ䣬ڽеԶԶϵ߽ʿҪٺܶࡣ
ʮ弶ϵ߽ʿڽУĶüΪʹýɹľֻﵽʦ
ϵʦҪڲϵУԼľ
ͷǳˣֱӴﵽϵʦȶ磬˶Ĺ
ԼǿڳΪʦվʵĶһ㣬һЩԱʵ
ףΪʦʸ˽ܹ࣬Ӵܡ
Ҫ£ҸطʵԼʵȻܹ֪ԼǿʵʵΪֱۡ
׼뿪ԼչһĿռ䷿ʱһӰӵڡ
ԾķӰӵڼŹֵ״̬Ӱ򡯣ͨתΪ
Щȴ޷ٽ뵽Ӱӵϸڣͼơա
Ӱӵÿһϸڣӯĳ̶ȣӰҪϵѹܽһĻ뵽ϸڡ
Ȼǡ򡯵ٶȸһЩҡͷ̾
ӰԼĶ꣬鲻ľϵڣӰ֮ǰͽʦˡ
ԥһ£Ӱӽʦ뿪
ʱӰٲԽʦĻĻ᲻⣬Ӱӵϸر͵״̬ٵһʱϸֱӱ
ţصԼľϵ֡
ϵڲâǣâǵĸӦڣָӦھϵִںϵĽ
ϵڣԭľϵطͼƣԼ顢š
ӴһӹӰӵ塣
һҲǰνһ鴫˴Ľ
ƺڻԣһҪĽʦ֮ǰνûκεĲ֮ͬȫһĶԴ
ˣΪ޷ͨݷʽõĹȴǴӻϻˡ
ӰӽյĸǻĸĻɲƣĻıԴ
֮ǰⲢûд󣬹޷ִͨݷʽûġ
ҪǴĴڣԹ򳬳ʦﵽǹĳ̶ȡ
ǻ֮һ֣ǻ֮һ΢С΢СķҲ鼶ڵķڶڻ鼶ġ
⣬յĻǽڼģʦҪյĻǸбҵġ
ýڴڸбҵ֪ʶһ򵥵顣
֪ЩֻǸоӰӽɣӰӵĽȫɻ鴫ĸӰţûһ鷳ûҪҩİ
һоͺñˮɰ㣬ӰÿһϸеġͼơڸĲٿ¿ʼںϡ
ھСʱںϽӰӵֻһͼơͼơľϵһƿеĻ


411 
άʿ֪ΪΣһЩĻţָоʮֺ
Ϊһʮ弶ϵ߽ʿԼƿس̶Ǽߵģ˽ÿһ֡
ͻȻĻȴ޷ͣ뿪ԼĿռ䷿
޷ˣάʿ
ڵʹﵽ۷壬ÿյֻΪԼܹĽ뵽״̬ͬʱÿյҲά۷״̬
άʿڲݵϲŴ˼ӣĿⲻĿһռ䷿
ռ䷿ϸ΢Ŀռ䲨ǿռ䷿źš
Լĺռ䷿˱жʮˣ񻹼ǵλ߽ʿڽʱеľ֮⡣
Ȼռ䷿ôֻһǽɹΪʦǽʧܡ
άʿȻϣǸ߽ʿܹɹô̫ʧܣÿһμʧܶжԽһ֡
Щʧܵĸ߽ʿһλ÷ɫţһλڸ߽֮ʱѹͬ׵ʵһλǾž޵Ĵڡ
ǲȿάʿάʿԼΪű츳ǿĴڡ
άʿϣԼܹۿһγɹǽΪȼеĻ档
ʱռ䷿Ŀռ߳һĵӰӰʮֵǱһλʦͨĸ߽ʿˡ
άʿһ֪˳֮ңǰĸ߽ʿʧˡ
άʿû뵽һۻῴ㣡÷ʿɬЦݵ˵
ٶͷһգܶ÷ʿûб״򵹣ȻЦЦſɬЦˡ
ܹӽʧл÷ʿΪԼ㹻ˣΪ˰ʦ
÷ʿ廹𣿡άʿĵʵ
ǳãһܹܹ㽻̸÷ʿЦ˵
ſֱۣüͷ΢壬岢û˵ãƻûд
أ÷ʿһԵĿռ䷿ʵ
άʿ֪÷ʿʵʲôȻ÷ʿͬһĸ߽ʿΡ
άʿԼ֪÷ʿ⵱ȻʲôϢʧ⣬ȻչصķõϢ
Ǵսһ÷ʿ׷䣬˵
÷ʿ㻹лģֻҪһ޸ҩ㻹һͻƵĻᣡάʿһæȰ˵
÷ʿκμսɱ÷ʿڵһһ㣬˵ǵʦһľͻ䡣
вΪ׼޸ҩģҲòԴˣʮıչأõҵһУ÷ʿЦҡҡͷ˵
÷ʿ÷еĺʿõͻͻʧܺ󣬺ʿĴᱻջأҪ޸ҩֻܹͨԼŬ
ڣ÷ʿܹ֣ʶҪ޸ҩĻǳãԼûдϣ
άʿҲͬܣĺʿڳΪ߽ʿ󣬾ͱͨĸ߽ʿӵиǿʵܹøԴ
ٶԴҲıչ֮бģǼֻһνĻᡣ
άʿĿ⿴Ŀռ䷿뵽
ʧܵĻ÷лΪ׼һ޸ҩΪǹϢԤʾӵеǱ
֪ʿʲôʱܳһûлῴάʿ뵽ʲôͻֱ˵˵
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Ҫ֪£صʮ弶߽ʿҪʱʮΪλƵģ÷ʿʱȽٵģʮʱбǺ̵ܶˡ
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÷ʿ˿άʿ̬Ҳ֪Ŀռ䷿Ŀռ䲨תĿռ䷿
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ڿάʿ÷ʿĹעĿУԿռ˳
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û뵽뿪ռ䷿˿άʿǸˣڷ÷ʿ״̬ʱʩչ˻
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ȻƵֻ÷ʿ岿֣ϵָͲǻƵġ
˵ˣϵʦʩչʦҲͬ޷ƽʧܵϵ֡
ʧܵϵ֣ҪԵ޸ҩܹơ
÷ʿоһᣬܵȫָȻϵȻʣѾΪϲˡ
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Ҫ֪÷ʿ״̬ǰʦͨĸ߽ҩЧ½
ǡʦάʿѹͰ͵ĴӴԻ״̬˵Ӧöȷƺ
άʿþûˣ΢Цŵͷ˵
ѽһˣάʿΣЩΥĵӦ
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һʱȥάʿǸάʿһûб仯ʿȴΪʦ
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ûպϢ˵ˣЦŻ˵
ڵľ٣ֻʩչľָΪ߼޴ʩչˡ
ʦҽ÷ҵ޹أ֮ǰս˱չأ÷ʿ͵
ľɨ÷ʿ壬֮ǰûþ̽ǼΪʧΪ
÷ʿܹƣþ̽Ͳˡ
˵ˣʦ̽һλ߽ʿ߽ʿϲ顣
÷ʿϵֵаʧܵĻľϵִҲˡ
뵽еķգÿһǿ飬̤һԨ
÷ʿҼǵÿάʿܹ㣬ϵҵп̸˵÷ʿ֣ʱû˼ｻ̸Ǹ˵
ɯҳˣȡԼݿɯһϢ
һߵɯϢϢԤȼߵģһӾͱϢˡ
Ϣռ
Դ뿨άʿĹɯûмٵģڻȥеĵĸˡ
Ƿɹϵˡ
ɯռǰ󲻵һӵʱ䣬ٶˡ
ڽ뵽ռͲͣڲݵϷܵʦĿֲϢ
˫۲ʪһʱĵģһ̻Ϊ˾ϲ
ˣʦɯӣʿףء
ɯı˳ƺ֮ǰҲǸ߽ʿʦĳƺȻҲ͸ıˡ
ɯһˣҪȥӦҿɲ֪ӦôЦŶɯķԸ
ˣɯվֱ壬ӴԺʦ÷еĵλһһء
άʿ÷ʿ΢΢˵ͷɯ뿪ռ
άʿǲˣʦֻչһꣿ÷ʿЩȷʵ
÷ʿԼĶ䣬вš
ûʦһǰ弶÷еģһǸͻʮ弶ϵʦͻʦֻһ꣡άʿҡͷ˵
ôţ÷ʿҡԼͷĴԼҪ֤ʵǲΡ
άʿҲͬĸоĽûеȼеĻ棬ʶ뷲֮Ĳࡣ
Ǹˣš


412 
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Լǿһطʦʵȴֲ֪Լʵʵжôǿ
ҪһԷſֽŵĿռ䣬ֶ˽ⲻ࣬ɲճΪʦ鷳
һʵʵзɴʲôҪʩʦƻԶЩв
ˣ֪һרʦԵԷĲʵɯǳȡԼݿһҷɴ˵
ΪпܽʦĺʿѧϰһЩʦҪעовʵ˵
ÿһλսʦвʵ
ɴɯѡ꣬ռת䣬͵һƬϢ
֪дŸʦϢĲƬܹܶʦƻŻϢ
뿪ҲԻȥɯ˵
˵뿪˷ɴ̫֮С
ɯȻʮ뿴ʵûȫƿʵ£Ƭ򽫻ǼΣյġ
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ֻҪžôϵƿصķΧڣͿÿһľΪٿصľ
ƿصľ벻ɢֱʮֹͣ
ףĿǰľϵƿطΧǶʮˡ
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ʹþϵʦսΧȷڶʮ뾶ķΧˡ
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ʦ󣬾ϵʦϵʦ֮Ĺʹþϵʦռ˸ơ
֪һǧﷶΧûзκεĿӸС
Լġ򡯣硯һǧﷶΧȫǡ
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һ񡯻״ϣڲٶٴͬȰвϵ֡
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ĿǰӰӻܹҪӰġĹĹ鷳
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Ϳʮ弶ľӰӵϵȼǿϣӰӵһġ
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뵽ӰڣܵܵĻĸ֪ΧԶֻ
⵹ǲܹӰӣӰӵӦġ
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ġӵһǧĹ룬Ȿһ⣬ǿϵĲ
ӰӵĽ
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һӰջ˻棬ɵı󣬻Ϊ֧ܡ
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ľעšǹе״̬ܿǹ͵ķ
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ȥ룬ǹ׼ΪĻֻʮļʮǹҪʱе
䡯һһöǹ֪ϢͷƤ֮С
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ܲõ£ԲᶯãҪҲҪüԶ졣
Ӱӵġ䲻ãӰȴżǱ
Ӱӿľϵףһ޷ӵһϵ׾ͿжϳӰüΪرӵӰȻľϵס
ϵӵһҪص㣬Ǿ߼˾ϵĵȼ
ȻϵҪͻʦǼѵģӰѾʦĴڣϵͻʦʱмı
֮֮£һԼġ򡯽ʦӰӵϵʦ
ĻӰӾܹΪųΪʦʦֵĻ»кܹܶ࣬ǷǳҪ
֮ʵӰӵٶȣٶȷӰӴͨϵʦ࣬ûжٵƿԡ
ʵӰʦ֮ĲӰӾǸͨʦǸӵԼܣżǿǱʦ
ڽӰӵʵ֮ӰҫǷɴȡ˳


413 Ӽ
ҫǷɴ÷̫ܲУԿռͨڳ͸֪õ´ʦϢ
ҫǷɴĲţзɳȻɯһͬվŵõ´ʦ
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رɢʮɲǸոսʮϵʦӵеġ
õ´ʦа̾ϧʵһֱи뷨ġ
ڿͶ츳Ϊӣŵ뽫Ϊӵġ
ΪӣȻõ´ʦõ´ʦԭǴһʱ
޶Ȼ֮ʱʮ弶ϵ߽ʿڵ÷к󣬾ͽ뵽˺ʿڵıչ
Դ÷ṩõ´ʦеļƻҡ
õ´ʦҲûżҪʦҲҪʮʱ䣬һװ촫Уа˼ˡ
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ǻŵϱ׷ɱĻ֮Упܽʦܿڽ״̬ʱҪôϣҪôֱӱɱ
ʦҹȻûп㣡õ´ʦ飬Цŷ˵
⻹Ҫлİվֱ˵
Щ˵ˣѾʦҽпգһȥõ´ʦ˰˵
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˵Ϊʦ󣬾ͿԹۿղصطˣʵ
ԼȱʲôȻʮģطǴӸõսƷټȫǵͼõģط̫ࡣ
ѧϰ÷еطˣֻǸ߽ʿѧϰطҪ׵ġ
÷оʮ弶ϵ߽ʿԸȥùף÷Ҳһλʮ弶ľϵ߽ʿ뿪ܲ
Ϊʮ弶߽ʿչˣǵĵжʦӳ֣Ϊʮ弶߽ʿ״̬ʱͲܱš
Ȼ߽ʱڵطҲֻҪѧϰЧططҪѧϰʦطõ´ʦЦŻش
뵽ԼſʱȷʵǿľϵطҲ޷ʦʱʩչͨȡ
ʩչԲʮڵЩǿĸ߽طܹṩľʮޡ
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ֻڿռλãһʹõľͷڸߵ֮Ǽ亱ġ
ŵ޷˶ȻĿȻ˺ܶģ򣬿پ٣õ´ʦ˵
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˷ɵ˽ǰᵽľͷζһܹ
ܹһ̶Ӱ쵽ʦõľĿ²ʲô򵥵Ĳϡ
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ղʧˣһСϣϲɪķʦ˴飬ȡһ
ӹһһֲֻ֪ƳɵӣŸӵĻƣԼһ֪֡
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Ʒڸ߽֮ʱǿٴĺʿӵй
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ʦԣ͵ڶһ
ڸ߽֮ʱûܵбƷĴû뵽ճΪʦһռơ
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ⶫʲôҲʮʱܹʹãʮ߼󣬾ʧȥЧʵﵽʮ߼ܹвʦҲˣɪķʦЦŰ˰˵
Ȼɪķʦ˵ȴҲ޷ռƵļֵǳ


414 ʷ
ʦΪʦһЩҲͿ֪ˣԺӴģܣɪķʦ˵
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ҲΨһܹڴб¼ԪĿʼ³ΪµĴǿ
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ȥˣУͼԷչļ£밲Ҳֻǲһ㡣
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Ϊżھż֮ϣΨһǿǰ
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׷Ƽİ֪Ϊβת䣬ܾǿƼչ˼£ǰ޵·뵽һ·
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󣬴еİ˼ԼϵȫʧҲܵ˼Ĵ߼ֻҲܴ
ڰǰƼˮƽһ½˱㣬ǷǳǿģڰʱУһ
Ϊ˱ܴصĴ磬߼ǣͷƶ˴湫Լ֮Եĺƽ˸õķչ
࣬ǳɴսУʦҲֻڻҰĴڣĳԾˡ
ʱ׷չ˺̶ֳȣ档
ʦղŵӰÿһλʦۿģӰͬȴһģǵдһ֧չģǳսʸûС
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ĻԺҲҪǿľġ
ʦĳɳɱҪ֪δ֪żЩżʧĺۼǶԣмֵ߼ż
߼żУŶʦвװãŶʦƷʦǽЩƷȡء
Ŀǰ÷߼żͬʱ̽ʮ߼żЩʦԴҪɪķʦܵ
ֳ㹻ǱñɪķʦԸԶЩ֪ʶͬʱҲǼǿ˴֮Ĺϵ
ţǹϵԺԴҪ顣
ݿȨ޻ʦԺΪ÷еĹÿһʦҩԴԼһǧǱԴȨޡ
һѴӲֿѡһʦװĻᣬ÷еط㿪ţֻԼѧϰ˽ԴڣһҪע⣬˵֮ҲҪù׶һطĵӣ
⣬޷鷳źţʦźÿһѵĻᣬٶźžҪԮʦ㹻Ĵۣ
ôĺôҪÿʮʱ䣬÷аŵǿ񣬵ȻƽʱҲȡΪгԽǿЩʦܸԴɪķʦ˵
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˵볤۵ķ˭볤۵ķڴʹã볤Ĺ̻޷ҲǵɿЩĸװ
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뵽ŵĳǸʱ񡯻ףֳֶǼԳ߸ϵ
ѹϲֿеЩװ˵װֿЩװҲǼ߰Ĵڡ


415 Ӵ
ʦҴȥȡԴʦԴʮиĺ٣㽫طãҪȥԼԴˡ
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֪ŵǴаʲôɫҪûŵʦϻӡǣôȥİ˼档
ãҲֻ򼫾߹ҵĽ޶´ʦ븨ǵĸ߷ʦ룬޶´ʦĹϵǳá
ڸ߷ʦȻ鲻ʲôʱ߷ʦǸϵʽģ뽫


416 
ŵʦϻһٿǼֶķʦ飬Ҿϵ÷׵˼ʦҲμ˻顣
ԴӲʦִʦߣŵʦϻûٿŵʦǾһʱǴӴлָ
ŵĻУֶķʦ÷׵˼ʦ϶ʦλʦȫϢӰμӻ顣
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ȡԼݿǰĿռϳһռš
һȥȤȻĶɯ÷ʿ˵
뵽ռһƬռڲռ䵹Ƿǳһ뾶Ϊʮľ޴ռ䡣
˵ʵռڵǼΪʧģ֮ŻҪнܵĻ
ˣȵװô鿴ŸֿѡķڲĽò˶೤ʱ䣡ɯæ͵
˿ռĺװǰһһĻ֡
ѡĿ٣пڲģѡڲģѡ廷ġ
ϸµÿһֲѡʹһֲϣԼĳɷݵȵȡ
ǽһԼС磬뾶ʮĿռ䣬һһԴصׯ԰
ҲˣΪ÷ʿԼΪܼңĿռȻϵͳǷǳ鷳ģһλܼȻǼΪ㡣


417 
÷ʿСĵĲٿţǰĹĻϣҪ
ΪռĹܼңɯҲʮԸġ
ΪʦҪһרְĹܼңΪռڲ񣬲п֮ʱṩӦķ
Ҫ֪ʦ֮İݷãٻʹûʹӣǺܺõѣʽ
÷ʿȻʧˣνʧܲûӰ쵽ΪܼҲҪ˵ʹʮ弶İʦΪܼңЩӵġ
˵ʵû뵽ռڲĽ칤֮죬ڶĽѡһķѡ˽󣬾аƷϴͽռ
˵޲ҲûгСʱ
ھ÷ʿΪ˴ܼҺͽĽ칤÷ܼҡ
Լ뵽ڵռ䣬⴦ռǵ˿ռǿռʹռ֮ԭռ䷿ռ䣬ռڵŨȸߣڤ뷨ĸЧҲǿ
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Ρ׶üͷ΢壬վ޵ľ޵ôãյĻҲǺˣȻңңڡ
Ϊ޵ṩĹУ޵תܹǿʣҪȽе
£׼СӢڤ뷨
Щûʹʦϵҩֻʦϵҩ˵ʵôٵ޷ʦϵҩԼľ
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죬ҪʦϵҩЧľԼĴ洢ռɨҩƿǰ
ҩƿڿһʦϵҩĿС
תӢڤ뷨֮ǰͬһոתӢڤ뷨ڵҩͲϵɢʦ
Щʦתʸߵĳ棬šӢڤ뷨ת˿˿Ƶʦ뵽ľϵڡ
յľͬЩʦԭƳľϵҩʦֱϵʦġ
һ۾о˾ϵڽʦĵһΡ
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Ȼǰǲгƿʦ֮Уʱпܳƿġ
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÷ܼҾΪǵģΪĹܼңɯһһ
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÷ط÷ط÷ط÷ط÷ľϵط
ľӵˡ÷ططϣһϢͨط˹ͬʱһ񴫳ͼͨľľϵڵ롣
ľϵȻľ񴫳ͼƽ룬ûи֪Σ󣬲ŷſ˾ϵ֣񴫳ͼƽ뵽ľϵڡ


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ֲ÷жʦϵط˹ԭǰᣡ˴Ϣ󣬲
÷طĴϢȻǳҪ뿪˾񴫳ͼƣݴϢҲԴ֮ˮ
񴫳ͼƱǰĴ򴦻ãȻʵܹ񴫳ͼƵľϵʦôͿԽ÷طڸϵʦˡ
䲻֪⾫񴫳ͼƵľϵʦʵǿԿ϶Ŀǰ޷ȵġ
Ӿ񴫳ͼܹܵһ־ʵ⾫ʧȥԭ˵ӡǣֻʵ޷֮ȡ
ȵһ죬ܹϵڵľ񴫳ͼȫΪԼͼƣôʸݾϵط⴫
֮Եһѡ÷طʦϵطΪԭеķط޷ʵƥˡ
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ǣˣףҾţ÷ܼ˷֮ɫĽܣΪ÷еĵһԱ


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Ÿ߷ʦҲͬ뷨λʦһ˴˵ˮƽ·
λʦףʱоⷨ󣡡
ĺ󲹸㣬ιĴæ޶´ʦջĿ⣬˵
Ҳһ󲹸㣡߷ʦҲ˵
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Щʧǻ׼ﻻɸһЩģƽռıˡ
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Ϊʮ˼ʦ׼żģʸ˵仰
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˵˵ŵʦһۣȻ󿪿˵
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Щĵǲκеģܶĵʦܽġ
λʦ˵ĵãǸĽ飬ԤڵĽ飬жϽٵĵþ顣
ʦҲԴеõõľ顣
λʦڣǶٵĽԼľĵãл˲ٱ顣
ЩУûнżͨЩĵãż˳˽⡣
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ֻСиöˮƷҲֻһݣˮö֮࣬ûλʦˮĵӡ
ڽ֮ʱĽˮƷȫԵˡ
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ʦԸԼԴԴڸ߽ʿϣʵ̫ˡ
Ҫ֪߽ʿº͵ʦԴǼһЩʱ䣬ͻʦûκεİʦԴ߽ʿʹǼ˷ѡ
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һλĿҪɾʦĸ߽ʿԲῼ˫һ·ʦ֮·
ŵʦҪ˵ĻشԸܵԽԽԵĻľǺȷĻشˡ


421 
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Ĺϵѵݼ뵽ʦףᲢʲô⡣
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ڿ֪ʦҩжôʮݻʦҩԼʹãóס
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ŵʦ֣ĹôɶƻŵʦžԵĹ
ЩϰϵʦطΪףչʵ
ŵʦˣһϵޱ̽࣬˵


422 
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ӥ˳˺ܾõһͲ˺УǷǳϲռڵĻ


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Ȼӥı仯ֻٶĸΪţٶȼڵٶ൱
ǾϵʦٶͬģӥǸ߽ףǽҩá
֮ѡӥʹýҩΪӥٶýӥڴڸΪ
Ҫ֪ԺĵˣʵҲʦǱر
⣬ҩʲôرҩֻҪԸ⸶ۣǿԴʦлõġ
ѡ˽ӥҲʮֵ⡣
ӥٶȾͿƽ룬ȵӥʦ󣬾Ϳٶ϶ˡ
ӽӥڣܵԶŵѪھѣѪڵĺѪЩƣʮֺˡ
ĺѪޣӥǴôϢ˽ƵѪ
ӥ½ҩʱ仹̣ܶѪδȫѣŵѪȫѺͿ׼ȷжˡ
ӥë⼸ÿ춼£ַͨʽԸֱӵĸ֪ӥѪı仯
ŵʦˣ÷ܼԹ
һŵʦһʱ䣬չ˺ðӥ㡢ɯԼ˵ľ뽨첢סŵʦԼģ÷ܼҽ
Ŀռ򣬲һ˴Ŀռ򣬿ɲֻһƬ˽˵Ŀռô򵥡
ռںΪǿռϵͳԴԴϵӦԴΪĽڿӵеĸЧռ䣬Լʿٶȡ
⣬ҲһݵʦĿռ
˿ռ򣬿ŵʦķɴ棬ſš
ţڷɴļʻңԱŵʦ
ŵʦˣ˵
ִ񣬲Ҫƺҽŵǽսѣŵʦ΢Ц˵
ŵģͷ˵
ǵĿT09˼żżΪż̽ɶȳ˰ٷ֮ʮΣԲߡŵʦ˵˴еĿġ
һͼͱעһЩżоT09˼ż
ͼıעǼΪģģⲢǱܣҪʵֳӦż·ߡ
սʵûŵʦĻһżҲ
Ϊ˱½ʦΪðʧż֮С
֮Ĺ涨ҲǺܾǰۡ
ŵʦ˵ĿĵغżͼϲT09˼ż·
ŵЩżηֵģһ߿Լݿ³ֵĵͼ·һߺʵ
T09˼żңԶķΧһƬͼûбǵ
޷˭ƬзżҪʱܹ̽쵽
ÿһżǱֵģһżʦֵⷢģżͨо֪ʶҵֵġ
ͨһַʽҵżԼ档ŵʦΪ͵
ɴռͨٳ͵ıԵ֮ľҪɴĺˡ
һƬδӴһУ͸֪˼Ϣڳ˼ԶԼǹ⣬ԽǹһûС
еģƬܵţƺԶŵǳﻹʲô
ܵϢĲ𣿡ŵʦʵ
ǵģҸ֪˵ͷص
ڵ򣬾ԶսԭҲϢǾŬڵϢˡ
ͼͻᷢ߼ռİʵд󲿷ֳֶϢ
ʵЩʿлܵӰ죬ɱķӣҲΪ߼ռôԭ򣡡ŵʦΪš
ͷͼ߼ԭΪֻǸ߼Դռݣû뵽Ȼԭ
ŵʦķɴٶȼ죬ھһĺк󣬷ɴ
ľſһǧķΧȫľ֪Уûзκ֮
Կ϶ɴȻT09˼ż⸽
һԼľӵķϡ
ķӰŵģӥͬķӰӶǿԸġ
ǡ÷طӷʽʵʱ֮
ֻҪԸſȨޣ߿Խľ֪
͵ǽķĿɸ֪Χһǧ⣬ķǿԸ֪ռϸ΢仯ġ
Ȼķһλ÷˿ռ䷴ӦĿ⿴
ûκεĲͬԿռĸ֪޷һռ䷴Ӧġ
֪żλãŵʦע㣬ʵ
𣿡Լľʵ
ŵʦȻԸ֪þıǣлƿĳ̶ֳ뾫ϵľ֪֮
㾹ȻĿԸ֪żλãŵʦμӴг𾪡
Щ׵Ŀŵʦ֪ʲô֮
֪ܹ֪ż츳Ǽ亱ģ궼ѵóһλ֮ǰ˵кܶоԶϣҪҳżܴڵ򣬵żģֻӵ֪츳ʦԺеæˣŵʦ¶˷֮ɫ˵
ŵʦΪλᾪȣŵʦⲢķ
ֲ˵һ͸©ķӵұ֤Ƿ˻ķʲô뷨
ʦʵһԱһʮ˼ʮżʦ֣һ㷴ûС
ֻҪɱķ÷ܲΪһսǿʦս
ñΪԼ˻˼÷УҪҲƽ͵ķʽ
ҷżҪôŵʦʵ
Ҫл㱨ȷλòзеӡǡ
ԺڲʦԸżÿһ̽ջ񣬶һɷ㣬ʦڵõе̽ɵջ
ǧҪԼż˵żڵΣҪλʦϲܹ̽ΪżİȫҲҪǿС
һ̽T09˼żڲ̽ջҪϽ⻹żѾ䣬һط䡣ŵʦΪ͵
˵ͷ˵Ѿӷɴгˡ


424 
ŵʦɴսսָĳսָռܴ
ķɴͣ棬ǻᱩ¶żλã˵˴żж֪żλκʱΪԴ
սָǾ÷ɴԶ롣
һ߶ͣһ߷ɵĿռ䷴Ӧ
˴żĿռͨǿģҪԵݿܹ룡ŵʦȡԼݿгһͨ
˵һ˿ռͨȡԼݿŽ뵽ռͨڡ
֮ʱѾһ޴ʯʵͨڡ
ͨŰ߲ͼĳЩͼΪϡ
ʯͨһۿͷⲢֻΪ谵ԭ򣬸ΪͨĳĪӰš
ԼоƿرñƬռеľһ㣬˵Ŀơ
ԼľſĪӰ죬׵λþ޷ˡ
оͺһ磬ȫͬĻ
֮ĻҪСˣÿһҪһЩҵʾжŵʦԸ
̶̽ȷǳߵżŵʦǱСĽ
ŵʦǰںʯͨǰš
ľ׵ķΧڲϵɨţʯͨڲʱ
ʯͨ󷽣¶Ǻɫδ֪ľڿʱΣʾþɫδ֪Ӵ
һʦĽľһʯ˷֡
ŵʦн˲һףû뵽˷֣ʮֵ˷ܡ
ʦĽʦҪϣֵ䲻ʦҩϣҲǲջˡ
ľܹ̽ԶŵʦָķӾܵӰ죬ټӦҲΪģ޷ָλá
Ƭļ䣬ֻ֣ʯУôϾЩԾˡ
ŵĻЩرֻܸоףҲûΪðͬҪ˴Σ˵Ҳʲôġ
ףŵʦĻشȴǵһ
ʮ˼ŵʦĸ֪ΪʮףȻǾϵʦҲ뾫ϵʦġ
ʮ߼ľϵʦҲֻܸ֪ٶףİ׵ľ롣
ʮľϵʦȴʮ߼ľϵʦ֪ԶôŵʦԾ
Ժ벻ϤʦʱҪ¶֪룬˵ףŵʦ˵
õģûзԣ֪ŵʦҪ
ľΧڸ߽ʱԶͬףĻԼǿйء
ǿʦżеĵһջ㽫ȡŵʦЦ˵
ľסǿʦʦ󣬵ȴǲС
ֻ֮УܵӰʵ̫ˣڲжأֻҪͿȡսָ
ż֮УľΧףս벢ûôԶĻľսΧӰ죬жԼʩչϵطӰ췶Χ಻ס
սָȡʦݸŵʦһջɲ̡
һջǷǳģŵʦЦŻ˵
Ҳûоܾʦ̫Сٶʮܹһ֧ʦļֵޣûŵʦ
ԣȷʦļһЩ
֪Ϊζϲ뾫ϵʦһͬ̽ż𣿡ŵʦЦʵ
Ϊʲô²⣬ŵʦĽ͡
ʦ˵ͨвٵʦ̽ʦԶ˰ȫ·ߣټϻһѵʯ֮кѷֱ档
ľ֪빻Զ˵ֻʦ
⣬ǷʦûоϵʦľԶȡҾҪ뿪ȫ·ߣȥڿʯ飬еΣԣŵʦЦŽ͵
ﵽʯ򣬲ûзʲôΣգôʵĿ⿴ŵʦ
ŵʦЦЦҲʲôսָȡһͨԶ˹ȥ
ͨڿγһߣΪͨ߷ڵء
żеʮǱ׼һͨڷз仯
ɾͨڰ·ʱһռѷƾճ֣ͨռѷӴʧ
֪ͨǱռѷֱ𣬻ǽռѷ֮ˡ
ɵȫëû뵽ƽ֮ͨУȻ˵Σա
żڵĿռʮֲȶѾ̽ĵ·ϣĵطʱܳΣգѾ̽ĵ·ϣҲҪСģΪЩռѷʱͻȻֵġŵʦ˵
żٲзֺˣҪ˵ʲôܹвʦǿߣôռѷ֮һ
ռѷҲֶЩռѷ˺Եģ֮ӴܵռиԽĿռиԽǿ
ЩռѷǴʵģǰ͵ǴΣ˴ʵĿռѷ졣
һֿռѷ죬ԶʦΣգ˺ԵĿռѷֱ˺ʦʦ䡣
ԵĿռѷ͸Ϊ£ɲÿһαռѷ촫ͣź͵һġ
ĿǱ͵ռ֮УĿռָɷĩ
ҲҪ̫ģΪǴ̽ͨȫʮָߣҲûвȡһЩֶΣŵʦ˻˵
սָȡһֻˣǰǰȥ
ǳõֶΣƤѪ⣬ǰ߻ǰܵΣգȻһЩӵĻУиǿԶſܿãŵʦΪ͵
뵽ԼҲһԶſܣƺΪ̽·֮á
Զſȣõ̽·ʽǡ÷ط
һӣˡ÷طһµľϵܳڷԡ
ָ㣬Ϊϵʩˡ÷ط
Щ˷ˣżеΣԲҪʹþϵܵģŵʦȻ˵ȴĽ֮ɫ
ϵʦż̽ʵ̫Ҫˣرİż֮Уʹ÷˵Ļ֪ҪĶٷˡ
ڼ˵ĻУ滷ߺ˾޷ʹãֻʹԶſܣԶſ̫ûλʦܹĵ
оϵʦھͼˣʦľϵܣܹܸĹʱٻµľϵܡ
ټϾϵʦѰƷķΧԼȡֶΣþϵʦΪ̽żѰ֡
뾫ϵǰŵʦƽ
㽫н·Ժ̽κεż㶼Ҫ·µ·һ̽ΣգҲΪʦṩŵʦָ
ľϵɨţ֮ǧ׶ûջ
ͨһռ䣬ķϵͳڼ״̬Ҫעܣǰȫ·ߣ㽫·߼ŵʦж˾룬ָĻ߲˵
յŵʦϢ򿪺Ť·ߣһ۾ͽ·߼С
ʱľѾ֪ʯͨ˾ͷʮֺʲôϵͳŵʦҪСġ
Ҫ֪Ҳʲôܹвʦġ
˵֮ս󣬾֪ǰſɱʦҪۿˡ
߳ͨ۾ǲƣһǳĴĸ֪ΧڣĽ𻵶ţԭİҲˣȫܵƻ
ǽҲǿӿݵģЩط¶δ֪ĺɫʡ
ŵǺɫʲôסŵʦָһδ֪ɫʵ
֪ȻܵӰ죬δ֪ɫǵľ벢ԶŵʦҲδ֪ɫ
ǸʣŻҪӴԴݻκεڣŵʦ͵
˵ͷҪŵʦľ棬ȥԸʵĿ¡
ķϵͳڸżǱȽģ÷˸ʾһŵʦһָߵΡ
һӣŴȥַ˲û߰ȫ·ߡ
ڷ˸߳ʮಽʱһɫâ˵廯Ϊ˷ɻҡ
ľһֱΧڷ˵ܣ֪˺ɫâǴӵ淢ģϢٶ졣
ǲ˵ܹвʮ߼ʦ
ŵʦ˵ǱȽķϵͳôǿķϵͳǿɱŵʦʮ˼ʦ
ķ޷סɫâĹġ
оµģǵźĻҳǺɫâҳûûҳ仯ֹùԷ


425 ̽
ķϵͳԭûһ©ģżܵƻʹ÷ϵͳĸ֪˷϶·߾Ǿϵ̽ҳġŵʦ͵
һֻǴż֪̽żĸעµİż֮УҲ
õ´ʦҲ÷ÿһλ½ʦ뾭ѧϰ
ŵʦֵķǳģԼż֪ʶڸ
ŵЩȫ·߾ʹ÷һ̽ģŵͼ׳ľ޴Լİȫ·ߣʵ
ʹ÷̽·Ҫٵķ˲ܹɣ
Ҫȫ̽һƽȻЩʤڰȫ
Ҳ÷̽Ƭķϵͳķϵͳ߷ʦԶסʮôͿɸ߷ʦǿ̽
Ȼǿ̽ЩżΪ˱ƽŻʹΣյķʽŵʦЦŻص
վڴıԵſ׷Χڲûκεķ֡
֪һʼջһʦεˣżǱʦǷҹˣҪзַǳѡ
ǽ룬ķ޷ֵסϵͳĹ㲻Ҫ뿪ȫ·ߡҲҪжٵķ֣˵зϵͳϵͳ˵㣬Թ߷ʦʱ뿪ȫ·ߣйûʲôˣŵʦ˵
ҪѰʦƷóȻգбҪ֮ǰ˵
˵ͷΪԼӳˡ÷ط׵ķط䲻һֵܹסϵͳĹȴӻٶȡ
ڳһʱȫһӻķĶ̾ռƶա
ȫ·߲ˮƽģ·ߣֵܹȼżĶʦɷУҲںи߶ȵ⡣
ŵʦǰ·ֳһֵڹע
ż˵ΣգڸսһӦҲʱ־Ȼ
֮û˵ǲż̽ʮֲġ
ŵʦǰ·ûп뿪˵һȫ·ߺת˵ڶȫ·ߡ
ȫ·ߣΪ˸õĶԴ̽飬ȫ·߼˴󲿷ֵĴ
ҲϣܹջľΧΪףǳϵľ룬Ҳ֮ǰ⴦żľϵʦ޷ﵽľ롣
ŵʦ֪ʱ䣬ûоΧİ׵ľϵʦż
ŵʦղ˵ǿʦԶʱ뿪ȫ·ߣҲ뿪ȫ·߹Զ׵ľҪء
ΪϵͳĹʵ̫ˣ뿪ȫ·߹ԶĻʮ˼ŵʦҲ޷ܹķϵͳ
˷֣ڽȫ·߲ãѵ
ʲôŵʦû뵽ջæʵ
һ̨ͻˣûķ֣ʩչˡ÷طĸ֪ŵʦ˵
ż˽⻹٣ֻȷ֪ûΣյƷŻȡ
ֵͻˣɲұ֤ûΣգ˭֪ͻ˻ǷǷͻȻ
̨ͻȡжͻ˵оĿϽУŵʦЦ˵
ͨľŵʦ˵ţȴڸ̾ϵʦżеá
׵ľ룬翴Ƿǳľ룬żȴǼΪŵĸ֪Χ
̨ͻ˲֪ˣô겻֪жʦ̽ûܹͻˣΪͻ˵λ밲ȫ·̫Զˡ
ľסͻˣͻԭʧսָڡ
ֽͻȡ˳þ͵ŵʦǰ
ȻϽУȻֱӸŵʦˡ
żڵĻˣر๥ͻˣﵽʦ󲿷ֻضʹã˾¼ҲֻΪػ֮ã޷Ϊս̨ͻ˾ضܹʹõĻˣ
ͻ޷¼ҲΪо֮ãֵǲġ
ϽҪǳɣлݼֵ㲹ŵʦһ߽һͻˡ
ֱܹӲϵʦҩ𣿡ǰһʵ
ѡȻԴŵʦЦŻص
뷨ʦ֮ҲǶҩſ
ŵʦĻش¶Цݣż̽ˡ
һƵĻ㷽ʽҪøԴôҪҩȥֻԼϣһ䷽ҩŵʦ˵
ѵʦҩ䷽ǹģеĹؼʵ
Ҫ֪߽ҩ䷽ÿһУ˭͵ȥ
ʦҩ䷽вǹģЩ䷽϶Ǳټз֣޷ֵģҲб䷽Щ䷽еʵǿģŵʦΪſա
뵽÷ÿ¶Ҫÿһλʦһҩʮλʦÿ¾Ҫóʮʦҩ
ûа취ϣÿʮʦҩټ̽ƺѴ롣
ǰʦҩ䷽Ը䷽ϵԼ׼ŵʦ룬ͨݿһϢ˵
ݿ˰ʦҩ䷽ֻ־ϵʦҩ䷽඼ϵʦҩ䷽
Ҳ˭ϵʦ࣬ϵҩоҲ͸һЩ
ʦҩ䷽ǲƣϸȫϢӰ˵ֻҪʵͿϳ
ŵʵ̫лˣЦ˵
ûʲôⶼǰ빫ϢֻռҪЩʱ䣡ŵʦڰ˵
Ȼô򵥣ŵʦʮ˼ʦռҪʱ䣬Լռ֪ҪòܹռȫЩ䷽
һַǳף䷽ɾŵʦԼĻˡ
ֱӵȫ·뿪ҲûٴӴµķ֡
ͨͨһһ谵
жһͨǰȫģŵʦָͨʵ
üͷ΢壬Σյĸ֪ǷǳǿҵģûдͨжϳΣա
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޷жϳһͨΣգ£ǲƭŵʦģʵʵ˵
ľôжϲΣԣŵʦĻش𣬲Щ֡
뵽һֿܣϽǸͷ׿
ͨ޷ܵĹɱʦT09˼żֻ֮̽ﵽٷ֮ʮоͨ޷ԭڣŵʦָͨ˵
ŵʦĻûи֪Σա
̽һͨ𣿡ǳT09˼ż̽δ̽̽Ҳ©ջ
ҪøջЩջȡԴôͱð̽հ
̽ҪðյĻͱ뿼ͨΣգ޷־Ȼģŵʦѵ
ҲʦȻŵʦŽżԼѡҲҪΪԼѡе
ڽżŵʦݿڼ¼ǵС
Ȼż޷ģֻҪżЩ¼ͻԶǱ߾ͻȡ
Ҳż̽ջҪݣûλʦرּ¼ΪһرˣͺܱܿΪջ
Ȼλʦż̽¼ֻǩ˱Эר˲ܹӴ¼ıܼǳߣûбͬ£ǲᱻ֪ġ
ŵʦʱѣͨ¼֤ʵΪߣԼ֮
һСĵģЦЦ˵
þͨš÷طļӳ֣׺ľֱžܡ
ܽͨĿ£ߵʮС뻺
ͨǽ涼Ϊɾûһ˿ҳĴڡ
һھ֮߳ʱͨƺһ¡
ͨ뾫ܵӣ϶ͨû𶯣ĳĸ֪
ż֮Уʦĸ֪ΪޣҲܵ󵼡
뾫ܵӣɲҽֱͶ뵽֮ͨУڲ֪Ǻֹ£ܻԾˡ
һɫͨǰ֣Լٶžƶ
ܸ˻أֻܳܰɫĳ
ɫ֮ǰջԼĸ֪ӻδ֪ĹӰ쵽塣
ڶϿ뾫ӵ˲䣬Ǹ֪˰ɫʲô


426 ͨ
֪ϤǰɫǴ
ٶȣѹֻ˿Ĺٶȡ
ڰɫĳ£ǰ׺ľһϢûܹ֧סֱƿܴ⵽ڱɢ
жʮ˼
޷ԶſƼȻܹһ뷨ҵˡڳΪʦ;
ҲΪԼûи֪ͨΣգΪĹ
򡯵ԶʦĿԡ
ʮ˼ǳԵģһ취ûУֶʱĹʱ䲻һ룬аտ֧
Ĺ㲻ܳܵģŵʦžܱɢǿֲӦȰ
ûʮ˼ʦڵһ֮ʱˣٶʦ־ȳʮ˼ʦڵڶι֮ˡ
˵ֶΣҲǳ˺ܶ֡
ÿһֶζûЧջ˲Сʧͨͳ˾·
ŵ֪ΣգҲԼЦģͷ˵
񡯻𣬡񡯻׵ķЧǳǿΪʮʦĹ
ϵﵽʦʦӳ£񡯻׵ķʮ߼ʦһЧ
ҪԵǡ񡯻׵
վͨڣŵʦûٶȰ˵
ŵʦ뵽ûжͨΣո֪ټԼļ֣뿴ǷĿԵֵסͨеĿֲ
һϵ·ͨ·뷨ۻ
һ̽գѾѹˡ
ݿҲսָüԷֹ𻵡
һݿļ¼ܾˣŵʦļ¼֤Ҳ˵رռ¼ܡ
һͨûмǰкܴճĹҪܺܵõ׼ȷݡ
ʱ䣬ո֪͵ǰ
ֲסͷƤڶţ򡯣ϵÿһϸڶšͼơ
ס˲䣬еġͼơȫ뵽֮УΪһ֡
Ȼӵʮ˼ܹܵģֵֻܵסݵ˲䡣
⴦ͨߴʮ˼õǿɨķʽڶ̶̵ʱͨһɨһˡ
ֻܵв֮һ룬ں֮ʱ䣬ʵĲ
ŵʦһЩûֹðˡ
Ǹָ½̽żģΪҪǣʱΨһľϵʦ
Ҫõ´ʦڣеʦ
ż¼֤ʵŵʦľ𣬿ʧְҲеġ
ŵʦŰɫʧȻվԭأɵĳһ֪ţһķǳá
ǷǳãȴǼΪǱ
ͷֱ״̬ϵ·ʧȫš
ôŵʦʵ
ҺܺãҸоܹסĹڳŽ¶˷֮ɫ˵
˻ҸһЩŵʦæ˵
ֹͣҪ뷨˺뿪ͨͨڻ㼯ĵڶʧȥĿֹͣˡ
ʮˣ̽ͨͨó̽ӷˣ˵̽Զռ̽ڣ
һ߲ʲôջֻܴСʱͱ뷵أҲֻСʱ
һδ֪ܻ̽кܶջ񣬵Σջ񲢴棬żξ󣬻и׼ʱӦڲΣգ˲ִٵðաŵʦ
ûбķ˱һͬ̽ڣĳ̽һġ
̽˿ռ似ʮ˷ǳ׵ȫС
̽ӣʦܹЯķˣӵпռ似̫ˡ
һСʱڷصģΪԼһ·Ȼ䱣֤
֪֮·ᱻ٣Ҳŵʦ˵
ףиջڲĻҪݿļ¼ܣŵʦЦ˵
˵ͷȻ֪ʦҪɲΪһδ֪ջ񣬶Լ
½֮ͨǰ֪ͬͨеΣԴ󣬼ӿٶͨڱܶȥ
ŵʦӰʧĸ֪Χڣٴν
٣һͣͣס
ϵ·ʧ֮ǰһֵסһ
ٴαͨвҪʹþ̽飬ûκʴڡ
ֲɨκʶ
ΣΣĴΣΣӿٶȣż֮ƺĳֹ򣬵ٶһ̶ʱͻоռеòһδεĳĹ
ÿεĹ֮䣬ļܹ
ڣҲ˲ɢʹÿһš
ⳬԤϣ¹Լܹܶʮε̶ֳȵĹʮκɵĿܡ
ʮΣʮι޷ͨͷͷأɲԼðգðżյ£ľ
ԣʮΣһɨʱٻķ˶̾ռƶܹһµ˶ԳܴĹ㡣
ϵʵʮ弶Ӱӡӥʵʮ弶
Ӱӵϵȼʮ弶ӰսϵķȻҲ֮ڵʮ弶
ʮ弶ķڹϲûʲôսʮ弶ˡ
ķĶ̾ռƶӵʮΣõĶ̾ռƶҲʹﵽʮΡ
ʵķĶ̾ռƶһԶһʱ䣬ԶܳһЩ롣
ûƸ۵ľģʵҲҪƸ֮£ĳɳٶȣֻҪȡ򡯴ﵽʦ翹Ծͻдȵ
ʱٹͿԸΪɵͨͨ
̬ǳã̬ŲκεðΪ
ﵽʮʱ֪ǰͨľͷ¶Цݣɹˡ
Ҫٹܶٴˣٴγε֮ͨһˡ
һµϢľ񶼲Ϊ֮һ
վͨķΧڣǿжһų˾ܡ
վͨ⣬ûܵκεĹһ߽һ߲˾֮ǰվλá
ͨʱȫĲࡣ
ڵġ򡯹תЩսϸ֮С
֣һδα֮ʱȻûת򡯹ϸڵġͼơȴתΪ
ʹġӯ״̬һ⼸ǽһµɹˡ
̾ͨıأ֮¿ɲ֪
ǿһδͨĻᣬͨڴһЩʱ䣬Լġ
ϵĲʧֹͣˡ򡯵ת
ֱʱпղ鿴
ľſ׵ķΧĸ֪ڡ
һꡭԼ֪Ķסˣ૵
µϢֲɢģƬһֲ
ܹڰ˼ֲֲֲͨ
ΪƬֲϵͳתʹƬֲĳƷǳʢ
Щֲ֮УʦϢֲֲҲǸ߽׵ġ
׸֪Χڣͷʮʦֲг˶ʦֲﲻ䷽֮У඼ʦҩ䷽еϡ
֪ǣ֮ԻЩżʦֲΪϵ䷽Ƕ̽żջʦֲоĳɹ
ڹУżгʦֲҲǵʱʦҪԴ֮һ
ҵģһֲֲżҪķ֣ÿһֲᱻһͬգӶΪʦϲء
ȡݿǰһм¼
䲻֪ԼķжļֵֵֻʮʦֲͿеļֵˡ


427 
վԭأûгǰƶһһ˿ǰ뷨󣬾͸֪Σա
Σո֪˾棬һ档
Ȼǵһνż֮ǰҲ˲ٵΣգżеΣճ̶ȳ̫ࡣ
ȡŵʦ̽þǰ̽зųһֻˡ
뿪ָ󣬴ǰƶ
ƶһףһڹ˲ʧ
˾ȻǱֱˣڹĹٶ֮죬ûзǴӺζĹ
һӣȫû뵽Ƭ˵Σա
˿ϵݣֻӵģͨյϢжϳղŵĹ
ڿϣֻһδ֪ǿȹĽûеõȷе֡
ҡҡͷ֪ǸղŵĹǿ˷ĻȡΧǸղŵķ˳⡣
ٴȡһֻˣ÷ǰǰ
ͬһףڹ˷ˣһĽкûܹ¾ʧˡ
һע⵽ˣڹ⹥˵λãϵİСֲûܵһ˿Ӱ죬ͬոôֲĹûнӴСֲһ㡣
棬һδ֪ǿȹĽ
ٿǳˣﲻܹս򣬻ܹӴģֻ׷Χˡ
Žһûʲôõĵͼʯǰͼʯϰװ촫ʱ洢ռġ
ҪƬĹе壬ôѡ
ʯɳδ֮ʱڹٴڿʯʯڰʧ
ˣֲĺڹһ־ȷԵĹֻ屾˷һ˿õ֮⡣
Ҫ֪ܹĿֲܹ˵ľȷԿƣͨϵʦĿƶҪǿ
ϧˣεҡͷ
ĹֻôǿͨȫеʽĻ˽нвɼ뷨ûʵʵˡ
뵽κƶᱻĻôɼʦֲ᲻Ҳ鷳
þɼֲҪֲȷģþܹ뵽սָڡ
ûʵʦֲһֲ߽Ƭ׷Χڣûһڸ߽׵ֲֻѡֲ߽ʵ顣
СĵĽѡеĸֲ߽аγѾ˱ڹĴ㣬ȻľܵһˣЩʧܹܵġ
鲢ôֲ߽뿪ûܵڹĹ
²ķģֲǺڹı󣬲ֲ﹥
뵽û˿ĳɣþȽһʦֲγסʦֲʦֲʧԭսָڡ
֪սָڵʦֲ¶Цݡ
֪κһʦֲǿֱӶһʦҩġ
ʮʦֲʦֲһʦ䷽ϣȥֻҪٻһЩǱҹϾͿˡ
ЩҲǸ߽ײϣʦԣ㲻ʲô֮
ϧǣʦ䷽һϵʦҩ䷽Ҫľϵҩ䷽
ţҲʼ˲ɼһʦֲﱻսָ
ڽʮʦֲȫɼʮʦֲսһֻģ˸ͼƵڡ
׼õĴҩݵӣ̶ȵıҩݲˣ
ҲǽżǰıҪ׼֮һЩȡʦֲʧԣڲʦɢӰʦֲʹЧ
֪ϵϢӽʦֲϢȫڣûһ˿Ϣй©Ľսָջء
ֽ׷ΧɨһһɨĸΪϸ
ֲ߽Ϣһ۷壬ƺʱܽΪʦֲ֪ﲢһԲɼĳԺÿһʱͿԹ
㣬ҪͨͨڵԼġٶȵġ
ھϸɨһκûٷ©ʦֲջؾ
֪Լ壬ʱ״̬ȫָʱ״̬ԲʹķĶ̾ռƶֻҪʮεͿԷصͨһˡ
֮ǰ֮Զ˼Ϊһ˵δ֪ȫԣþܽ̽顣
ƬֲֻһɹλãȻֲڲ֪࣬ⶼĲ²⡣
ȷӰһͽͨٴλ㼯ÿһεٶȶ˹
ŵʦЩⲽŹȥһСʱȴоǹȥһ
ϲ޷Ƶļȴ޷ܾ
ż֮Уرδ̤򣬶ž޴ģĻ
ˣļ֮ʱͨȻżڶԸ֪ƣ޷֪̫Զľ룬ǻһеİɫЯĿֲϢȴܹݵķǳԶ
ŵʦĿⶢͨһδεİɫÿһζʮ˼ʦļµϢ
޷οס̶ֳȵĹģһΣϵĹ
Լ뵽λãڵһΰɫʱͻܵС˺ڶξܹ䡣
ǿѹԼ̽Ѱ˼ÿһλʦ콾ĴڣԼܡ
Ҫʿ֮ӱԴ⣬˭ûԼܡ
ŵʦôǱû˿ҪЦ˼˿ֲĹ֮£ܹѵ֮ˡ
һͨڻ۵ͷһֱ״̬Ƥϲаɫ
ɨ洢ռ䣬һ뷨۳ϣڵס
ûŵʦ˵Ŀڵת򡯣ա
ŵʦûдó㹻ĿռԱ֤Ӱ쵽
û۾ϲûж̬ȴǳϲá
һͨͨڵٴһأоԼʮңͿԴﵽ򡯵ӯ
̽ż˵ջ񣬵һջֵˡ
ʡµĿޣҪΪԺġҵһ;
һֱںڱѡˡ򡯣Ⲣ˵򡯱ȡ򡯲
෴š޷ƣ򡯵ĹǿҵãͬʱٶȸԶ򡯡
򡯱ȡ򡯸ǿľǹսʽǸΪʺġ
֮Ժѡ򡯣ΪĻ⡣
ҪһֱǡĴ⡣
ǡ򡯵ĻʮֺңֻҪһǾͿԽǵĻ㹻һ̶ˡ
ڣT09˼żҵǿԴġµʦҲиһĿԡ
һߵôŵʦʵ
ջ񲢲ãΪ̫ˣ˵һһ鷳һ޷鷳Ż˿ķء
ջ񣡡ר÷ջսָ׸ŵʦ˵
ŵʦһͬ̽żģȻʮʦֲջУŵʦûгҲҪһıŵʦջ
ɲûջЩǶݿļ¼ҲһЩջӰԼ
ŵʦӹսָ֪ҩӣûпĽҩȡ򿪡
ջôࣿеʦֲ˴˵
ûмôʦֲ̽żľУҲйջʱ
ʲôطT09˼żΪʲôŵʦλʦûκεʦΪ⴦żļֵǳСˡ
T09˼żֵʱ䳬꣬һʦż̽ͽżмֵƷչһա
ܹģֵλʦר̽һ˵ļֵ
T09˼㼣ҲͳΪ˽̵˵ĳżҪջ񼸺ǲܵġ
֮ǰܹһʦһֻͻˣǶľ̽㹻Զջ
ŵʦеʮʦֲ·ֵż֮лпܣżҲǳã
һŵʦӺϣսָڣһ߽սָһʵ
ŵ㿴̽ݼ¼ֽ̽ŵʦ˵
ŵʦ̽һĻһλӰ


428 
ܹ̽¼ķΧʮޣԶľȴҲԿܵĻˡ
ֲ㷢һֲŵʦ
¼¼Ӱ񲢲ԶŵʦͨЩӰ񣬻ܹƬʲô;
ļڿԷϵͳ¼Žδ֪ǿζʲôǷǳġ
̽ǿ̽ʮ˼δ֪ǿζķϵͳﵽʮżǿ
뵽ͨҪͨͨƺ÷ֻһλʦ
ŵʦûпʮżɪķʦֵΪɪķʦǲðյģ÷дڵı֤
ɪķʦҪ÷еܲʵ̫ˣڲϵ½
ÿһսñɪķʦ˥ϼӿ죬÷еʦǲðյġ
˵ˣǱɪķʦΣǿͨͨ󣬻Ҫ޷жϵģʮżĹɪķʦΣա
Ǵֲж󣿡ŵʦȶʵ
ж޷жϣҵľ޷̽鵽Եص
ֲڳʦҩ֮⣬ҩʲôȼŵʦ׷ʵ
ȫǸ߽׵ģûпеͽ׵ҩݣʮֿ϶Ļش
ûʲôģͨᣬɶν⴦ż
߼ֲżжֲˣT09˼żҪҪжˣŵʦҡͷ˵
ֲʦҩ𣿡ʵ
Ȼ֪Щ߽ҩϢﵽ۷壬ҩݵ֪ʶյĲ࣬ʶҲ
߼ֲǳʦҩݵֲȻɪķʦ㱨ԺҪڹ̽飬ȷ߼ֲĲˡ
ǿϧˣֻ̽׵ķΧø߼ֲֵ޷ӣŵʦЦ˵
ŵһϲġ
̽ɣӦѧϰż֪ʶҲѧϰˣ־һε̽ȫԽż̽񣡡ŵʦ־
ʮеȥ֪ɪķʦ
ģû塣
ķ֣ҲҪˣȴеľŵʦֲĵѵ
T09˼żǶͬյģ˵ֵ󣬵Ϊ˵ѵżѶʺϣټ̽Ⱥܸߣ˵õȫ̽飬Ըûзûжټֵż
ڲͬˣż˴ֵĸ߼ֲȻ޷ȫգֻһżļֵ
Сһֲ߼ֲҪȫԶʩʦҩݣڲĻҲá
ͨĸ߼ֲеĺܶƼŵģ޷֮ȡ
һЩʦϲ֮أĸ߼ֲɼ߼ֲҪԡ
T09˼żĸ߼ֲ÷գô÷оͶһҪʦϲǶʦҪ֮¡
֮·ǳ˳Ϊ˾飬ŵʦӿٶȣֻ֮ǰ֮һʱͻصڴ
ŵʦȡݿǴռͨٴγʱѾ̫֮С
ǵķɴص÷ܲ
ŵʦɴͣλõĿռǰɴսսָ
һɪķʦŵʦ˸˵
һ뵽˿ռûгɣҲС
ľ¥ǰŵʦʮ˼Ϣӿ
ŵʦʦɣɪķʦȻ֪ŵʦϢŵʦַͨʽԼ˼ɪķʦһ֮ǰĲϡ
¥һο˱ɪķʦǿѹȸУ±ɪķʦţȻ֪
ΪϵʦʱԽԾƿԽǿӦľ֪ҲԽ
ŵʦҼǵǴʦȥ̽T09˼żˣôôͷˣɪķʦŵʦʵ
ͨ⣬֪ɪķʦǲµģ෴ɪķʦرע
½ʦһ̽żʲô£ɪķʦȴ֪ʲôʱǰģҲͿԿɪķʦӳ̶ˡ
ɪķʦʦηһҪҩݣŵʦ¶ͬӰЦ˵
һ㶣û뵽ŵʦһ˵ġ
ŵʦΪ֮²ӰǵĳɳʦеҪ֪ģҪʦðգɪķʦûΪҩ֮¶ˣ˵
ˣηֵʮʦҩ֮Уһܹñɪķʦġ
ŵʦ˵һʦҩݵҪԣ˸߼ֲķ֡
оŵʦڱɪķʦǰǺԸ׵ָо
֪Ϊˣȴ֪һʦҩݶŵʦ뱾ɪķʦҪԡ
ûж룬սָȡװʦҩݵӷŵʦǰ
˼ԣŵʦмĿһۣŵʦ֮ǰû˵ǲЩ鷳
ҩԽ֪ԽãŵʦǰصҪԭؼľҩݡ
ŵʦɪķʦʦףڳɳУֻһεĵõ˱ɪķʦİָ³Ϊʦ󣬱ɪķʦҲΪʮ˼ʦҪ֧֡
Ϊ÷УΪ˱ɪķʦϣɪķʦܹĸá
ͨ޷һλʦĿġ
ʦʿǼΪģʦõ˽ʱ䣬Դ󲿷ֵʦûʲôͬˡ
ŵʦڿűɪķʦʱŻ˵УоԼǳҸ
ŵʦӣȡһʦҩ͵ɪķʦǰ
֪ʦҩеһ꣬ʦҩǿֱҩһͬʹãʲôо
ľʱӵҪǣҪǵǴԪսӰ졣
ҩݻʦʮֿأûзС
ȻʦõģôҾ͸һЩɣɪķʦûоܾҩݲ˵
ʦɲֻջЩҩݣǷһδĸ߼ֲŵʦЦ˵
߼ֲT09˼ż֮УɪķʦֽҩȻʵ
ǵģʦ﷢˸߼ֲŵʦĻĻֳT09˼żĵͼָͨ˵
ֽ̽һͬ˱ɪķʦɪķʦϸϸ鿴
ʦ߼ֲֻܹ룬ŵʮ߼ʱܹ̽鵽ķΧʱԲɼķΧֻӣεĹ׷ǳΪ÷һ߼ֲҪ濼ν㣬Ҫʲôɪķʦ΢Цʵ
ɪķʦǴн㣬Ҫʲôܿڣֻɲ࣡ŵʦһЦѵ
Ȼ֪÷ܹóıһǷǳģԼļƻȱٵľԴ˵ʲôģӵ㹻Դ֮ȥǵ顣
ɪķʦҪϵʦҩԽԽãûпǾͻش
ŵʦȻҪϵʦҩЩϧĿȴûпȰ˵ʲô
Ϊһʮ˼ʦʦҩȻҲУֻҪϵ̽żͿԶһʦҩҪĻ˷ⷽ档
һջҪϽʮһʦҩݶһϵʦҩиĽʮݾϵʦҩ
һҩҸģöʮݾϵʦҩһɪķʦ
һϲڱɪķʦĽʮ⣬һӾʮʦҩʮҪʦҩһС롣
ԭָ߼ֲĽģ㷢ֵĸ߼ֲʵ̫⣬ֻôĽԺӸ߼ֲջʦҩݣȫһɵϽҪǣɪķʦ͵
ʲôǰԸ߼ֲ˽⣬ΪĽ㹻ˡ
˽˸߼ֲܻεĽЩ
ɪķʦҪ˵Էֹµķ
ɪķʦ׵ģЦŻص
ŵʦ̸T09˼żȨֻҪĴɵķΧڣ취ջ⴦żɪķʦתͷŵʦԸ
⴦߼ֲ޷߼ֲǸ߼ֲֻҪмֵ
˭֪֮У᲻ܹͨͨʦڣֻ̽T09˼żи߼ֲ֮£ʮżʦȥ̽顣
߼ֲǲУǻʵӰ쵽ԭƽʵ
ѾڿˣǼżӣһȫʵ֣ŵʦʮֿ϶˵


429 
T09˼żĴ֮£ûйʣеʦҩȫ˳ȥһʮݾϵʦҩ
Щʦҩ֮Уһ䷽ϣҲûʲô뷨һõĹˡ
ڼʶĿʵоԼʵȫ
ġ򡯽Ҫӯ飬Щչسͻơ򡯵ʦ
㽫ʮݾϵʦҩתΪԼʵ֪Ϊ֮ǰʦսָз˻۵ʮʦҩΪеʦὫʦҩ۵һһչʹõ
ʹʦҩԽʦҩЧ󻯡
ʮݾϵʦҩѾˣ㹻ϡ
սռ򣬾Ϳ÷ܼң÷ܼſռĲȨޣһռ÷ܼҾ͵õ֪ͨ
ˣˣ÷ܼǷ˵
֪ǰеһεż̽ͨһЩ;Ҳ֪żеΣա
ɯڶΪԭ÷һȨ£ܵһжʧȥ
ΪҪģ÷ܼһԳΪʦΣ԰ʦݣԸΪܼҵԭڡ
һжðɣ΢Цŵ˵ͷʵ
ѾɽΧռӦþ÷ܼҡɯԼλϵ߽ʿµľˡ
ˣһжãҪǶˣ뿪죬޶´ʦ߷ʦֻӣҷ鷿֮У÷ܼһ㱨
˵ͷ֪λʦĺԭףʦĺףᵱ͵ģ֪ΪλʦӺˡ
Ӱɽ壬֪ɽϵʦƼãʮ⡣
ջȻСT09˼żе̽򲢲࣬Ҳˣż·ֻ֣һѧϰ֮á
Լݿŵʦһͬ̽żһЩżľϢ
Щż÷еʦԽģа˰ȫ·ͼԼ֮ǰЩżлõջ
żľϢΪοѡż̽
ҪʦôͿԿǰʦż
ȻⲢζŸżٳʦֻһЩԶѡ
ڵʦд֮Щ̫٣ʦǰ͡
鿴˰ӥԴӰӥ⻹ǵһ뿪ߡ
ǵ״̬ĻʮʺټרΪսṩʳǵʵš
ǹһҲǲķɷʽ
뿪˰ӥ뵽鷿ڣ鷿Ϸֻӡ
һֻӣһɿֲĻϢûзвԼĸ֪ʾ
УһöɫӣϢǴӺɫ¶ġ
ûжɫӣ֪ɫӼ䲻ȶźɫӵĺŶװڲĺɫӱȶ״̬Ϳ֪ɫֲⴥġ
ȡݿɨ蹦ܶźɫɨһܿͨɫӵ˵
顯ԶżзֵһϢжϳĹ
ǰϢжϣʮ߼ĸ߼ʹö飬һʮ߼ʦ޷ȫˡ
ʮʦϣֱһλʮʦ䡣
ڿЧһǽ޶´ʦ͸ĺһɱ
ĹƣⱬҲڼ亱Ʒ
޶´ʦǸһƷֱֳκʮ߼ʦ˼ɡ
һʱ֪Ҫθл޶´ʦҲòԴ򶯽޶´ʦ
⣬ʱ͵ģҪȵ޶´ʦǱ֯ۻʱܹȥ
ϣȵʱܹҵɹ
·ŻغӣרڴűģкӵıǲõĴл¡
ֽڶӴ򿪣Ǹ߷ʦ͵ĺ
ڲ˿ռ似ŵǺɫ
һ£һʱ֮ûпɫر֮Ǹ߷ʦģԸ߷ʦ˽⣬߷ʦֲῪЦˡ
رףʦĴϣܽ񵱳Ц
Ȼݿɨ˺ɫõ˺ɫķϢ
ԳΪʦȨ޴˺ܶʦеȨޣɨжϣһ
ͨݿɨ裬ֻҪܹͿ÷ݿеϢɨзжϡ
аֻʦеȨжϷʦƷϢ
ֻҪ÷ݿеʦƷϢͨɨжϳ
÷ռʦƷϢ֮㣬ǧʱУʦŬĳɹ
ԶҩͬǴԶżҵģǸ߼ֲڵרֲʦֲá
֪ԭT09˼żĸ߼ֲڣʧЩ
Ȼǿǻܹĸ߼ֲĽԶҩڻưɪķʦڵʦл
˷ѣԼֲʦֲѡķǳ֮١
ʦֲԣĿǰܹڷԶֲʦֲʦЧһЩ
ʦԼǲҩʦֲΪڵʦ̫ٵԵʡ
ԶҩﲢٶʦԣֲԼʦдѴ䡣
߷ʦ͵Զҩɲ٣һõĺã㹻һԼСҩ԰ˡ
ԶҩĿǰڹʦҪʦԼӣҪƳͿԳɳ
ڹӦоųȷ
ԶҩԺż֮ҵһЩֲԶҩս˴洢ռڡ
뵽Ӱӷ˳Ӱӽ뵽ռ䣬򡯡
ǽ뵽ռ䣬ʼ򡯡
˷ʱ䣬һ㽫ʦʵͻһʵ
T09˼ż֮УȻûоսȴھΧޣľսΧҲҡ
֪ϵʦսΧжԶ׵ľ룬Իþϵʦʧȥľơ
һġ򡯽ʦ򡯵Ĺﵽʦż֮ľΧжʦΧж
Ȼôʹá򡯻ҪעģѾڿǷҪԼһǰż̽Լܡ
һŵʦżͱ¶˲ٵܡ
ڱ¶ܻʲôҪñʦ֪ĹôͼΪ˵ˡ
뵽չ״̬ʱһĹȥڵϵš
Ƶһչصĵʮ죬ռڣš
ϵ뾫ϵȫڷ״̬ռռ䣬滹дػԼռôķõԼϢй©ȥ
ʱȫֻС򡯵Ϣ򡯵Ϣʮ弶۷塣
ȫÿһϸڵͼȫϤӯ״̬ϸڳ
T09˼ż֮УͨͨһأȻΣգȴˡ򡯵ʱ֮ࡣ
ʮ˼壬ͼֻһ˿õ˼ĺô
ҲܹǰôʹﵽӯҪأתеġ򡯹ת޷뵽ϸڡ
ڵӯ״̬֣ϵڵԶ
һڡ򡯽ʦĸ֮д뵽Ĵԣֱϳ˽
ȻӰӵͲ²⵽˻ʱʮ־ϲ
룬ȫĵĸš򡯵ĸ
ЩǽĸǿеķʽһӽҪʱĹڶ̶̵ʱյ㹻ʦĳ̶ȡ
ڣϸڵͼƲϵеͼƵĹâһ𣬲Ŀʼںϡ
û˿鷳ȻӦһ㡣
ʵϲǡ򡯻ǡ򡯣ڽʦʱ򣬶ռλıˡ
ǻ֮ķ֮ķ˵ֻǧ֮һķյ֪ʶȻһġ
ġ򡯽ʦ˵Ǹ߽ʿָͽʿһɡ
ڲϱ仯ţȫϸڵͼڲϵں֮Уպ϶Ϊһ
临ӵµͼƳ֮ʱġ򡯳׽ʦ
һ˲䣬ܿռеȫĸ֪ĵЩǱΪԼ


430 
򡯽ɹк˷ܣʵһء
һϴſֲʦѹ
ûʦ򡯵ĳԣʹжϳʦ򡯵Ĺжǿˡ
ûгռ䣬ռڵ󣬸ȵĵⲻϵ
ռġ򡯽ʦ󣬻ܹΪṩһʱڵӰӵͬ
Ҫٵǲ絽T09˼żͨڣǿİ
ûΪ򡯽ʦͽαչء
һλʦż̽󣬶Ϣһʱ䣬ʱ䳤ȫʦԼ顣
ʦԣ¾һż̽ԡ
ڻûнԼ̬ʦͬҪӵֿʼΪʦҲʮʱ䡣
˵ٶ꣬Ǵµ״ֻ̬оԾټľʱӵãӦʮңǶʮꡣ
κʦҪʵҽиƽʱ֮С
ڲһǾļʧܣʦԣʮ꣬һ겻Ҳ֮¡
š򡯽ʦ򡯵ٶҲϵȻŸ١
ϵսʮ弶ãҪﵽӯҪٵʱ䡣
αչصԤڲϵǽϵʦҩȫõ
ϧ뷨չһºͱˣŵʦ
Ŀ֮УλŵʦĶ档
÷ܼ˲裬Сĵķ˵ǰ
ŵʦŲ豭ƯŵһƬӨҶƬⱭϢ
㻹ǿˣͨҪʹֲҶдģŵʦЦ˵
һιͬż̽ŵʦ֮Ĺϵǳ׽ˣ˽ﶼ׽ĳƺ
óдŵʦģõ´ʦ͵ʦ
ǲСֻƬдŵʦһһƬ
ŵʵҲЩƷһʦҶζдĻһƷЦ˵
űеʦҶƮһƢζϴˢȫûк¾ȫһˬ
λҪл㣬һż̽ջͬż̽ջˣŵʦһڲˮ˵
ԭǲҪ˵ģǵ˵ˡ
ȷʵõʮݾϵʦҩһͬǰŵʦͬҲõ൱ĺô
Щ⣬ʮʦҩݣȫϽϽʮݾϵʦҩʲôʱ򲹳ŵʦ
ΪЩʦҩ֮УӦŵʦһֵġ
ŵʦ˵˵֮ǰżеջõԼӦõջ
ʲô𣿡ûټ⣬ʵ
ŵʦǷõ˲Ҫ¼УԺлٱŵʦ
ιǸһģŵʦ棬һϷ˵
֪÷УΪʦӦ񣬵û뵽ô񷢲
鿴һԶż
Զżĸ֪ṩһЩǰܴԶżȻ
ûʱƣҲûɵƣֻҪǰͣһ죬
Ȼ沢Զẓ̇ǷԶżеһνȨӵżĲֳɡ
̼÷иõרԶżǵ㽱ȣһԶż㹻ܾˡ
ЩԥȻǱȽϺʵ񣬵ĿǰȴȥԶżڿԼҲҪʵȶŻῼ
˵ڱչأǲŽõҩȫõŵʦЦʵ
ǵģ뾡Լͷϵ
񲢲Ҫżʱпնȥûʱƣʮȥԣһ֧оŶӣһֱԶоЩҳĿżҲ˲٣ԽǰܵջԽ
ڵԼڽͬо˵ǷܹԶżʦǸԵĻܡ
ȥʱһҪСģҪ͸©ǳ鷳ŵʦ˵
ҽ񣬵Ҳ̫ܽʱͶ뵽֮Уͬ
֪ҵδ֪Զżĺôж󣬵ھô꣬ϵ֪ģŻᷢһԶż
ԽķԿռϸ΢֪ҲûаܹҵԶż
ЩоŶӣҲұ֤ǵоɹ򣬾ĴԶż
ǳ֮ս󣬵жʩһû˿׼ȷ֪
У߲ٸ㰲񣬱ûκεǿҪ󣡡ŵʦЦ˵
Ҳżʱ״̬ʵ½ʦ״̬
ÿһλ½ʦǿҵҪЩԼʵ
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ŵʦʦڽڲϵıչԼ
½ʦֱչԼ뷨޷ɣپһʱĴۺ½ʦͻ״̬
½ʦͻʦһÿһʱ̽żԴԴʱĴ֪ɱȿҪΪЧ
ŵʦﵽСƿʱʱͻʱܲһֱڼУҪôȥżҪôȥ
ݿȷݿյ˺ܶоܱǵϡ
֪ЩӦþоŶӵоɹֻû뵽ôࡣ
ݲݷһЩֵǿɵͶһʮദÿһҪķΧĿ¡
һû޷ȫһ飬⻹ľ뾶һǧľϵʦûһʱ䣬޷һ
ֲŵʦûʲôǿҪжϣһʮദҪõʱ䡣
ŵеоŶǲǲרҵֱһݴͼҵˣŵʦԹ
ҲѹԹÿһ÷еľϵʦҩҲ
ʮϵʦٶȣڽЩĿһ飬Ѿǲ߲ݵĽˡ
ܲܲ£бʱȫƮδ֪Զż֮ϡ
ϾǸοģ˵ûӲҪģһжУŵʦЩ˼Ľ͵
Ҳ֪鷳治ܹ÷еоŶӡ
оŶӵõٵżϣоԱопܵż֡
Ϊ÷һֱûܹ֪żʦ֣ʹоɹϵۻųһѵϡ
˵ŶһʮദĿ򣬵÷вܽЩϢȥڵȴ֪żʦ֡
ĳ֣ŵʦ÷ЩȲҪ񣬽Щɵһһ̽顣
ŵʦ뱾ɪķʦ֪δ֪ż֮޷żҪƿڣпн
ͷҿȥε̯̯˵뵽½ʵT09˼żˣ
һЩҪ̸ѾһЩۣT09˼żѾ÷ˣŵʦ¶˵Цݻش
νT09˼żչ÷еУҪעܶ࣬رǲ÷еʵͼ
ŵʦ׼T09˼ż棬Ǻܶ౻ȿżõֶΡ
ż棬ٶ⿪ţżڲ⻷ٹǧżڲһЩʦԴ
ַֻʽʱ̫ãֻΪĵ̣޷ڶʱڲЧ
ҾǷǧٴοҲһʦԴʹʦԴһĵĴۡ
÷ĿǰķչƣгһЩżɵ̣Ҳʲô֮¡
Ŀǰ÷ǿ׶Σʮżıɪķʦ÷вõκԡ
ұչؽȥT09˼żܸ˵
ҵʱûпյĻ͵ǰڸ߼ֲ֮£ֻ뱾ɪķʦ֪ʦ֪飬ûȫո߼ֲ֮ǰϢҪܣŵʦ˵
߼ֲֻܹɽһϢй©ȥܻᱻϡ
Ϊһ߼ֲµ÷Ҳֵġ


431 
Լչ£ڽʮݾϵʦҩȫϲųصġ
ԴӳΪʦоԼ֮ǰЩ鷳ˡ
÷УαչسΪŵʦһΰݷñϹһ⣬ʱ䶼ڱչ֮Уõıţõıǿ׷ɱ
÷ܲʮżʦǲ÷ܲġ
÷ܼɯһ£ͳŷɴ뿪÷ܲ
ɴ뵽ռͨٴγʱѾıԵ
úɴǳŵɴ𣬷ſԼľ
һǧ뾶û˿ڣһƿ硯ͷų
һǧ뾶ķΧڣͬһ˲ÿһ磬ɲͨ磬ʦ
Ȼġ򡯽ʦһµʱ䣬ǵһȫʩչƿ硯֡Ĺ
ȻųĹΧһǧ뾶ÿһͬġ
ʱ޷⣬һģﵽʦһЩ
ʩչƿ硯ʱΧڵӦƿ硯ƬĹ֮
жϣǾΪʦԾƿǻӰ죬ӹϵܵľ
ȴֱӵ֮ƿ硯ͼΪһǧ뾶ΧеȫתΪ
֪ԼǷȷĳ̶ֳϱϵ뾫ϵǿȴȷġ
ʵˡ򡯵ֽͷŵɢ
ûд񡯻ףϵĵʹʦӷٶȡ
Ӱʧһ㣬뵽һɫڣдš
鼫ѣּоԼʱᴩƿռ䣬ʦܹ鳩ٶȣٶжôĿ¡
Ȼ򡯲ûȱݵģȱٷֶΣõġ֮Уʦûʹγɷֵ
Ҫγ֣ԣʹֻӭĹγ빥ƥķ
Ҳʧеã򡯳˹Χ⣬ǿ֮ٶȡ
ƥٶȣ򡯵ǿǲҪǷ֮µģٶһֻ֮Уȫսӡ
ֻˡ򡯣ڷžϵġ÷طС񡯻ṩһ
Ƭû˼ɵĳš򡯵ĸֿܵʹ÷ʽ
ҲԭֻҪӽḷ́ŵ
T09˼żûͨݿϵͼǣƬķľӣķԿռĸ֪ڴ
뿪뵽Ƭŵͱķľӵ״̬
ϣܹںйУͨ־ɨ裬ܹδ֪Զż
һεḷ́뷨ǻ룬ʵ̫嫣Ҫڴзδ֪Զżûһо֧ţûֵָܳ򣬸ͨäĿѰδ֪ż
ȡݿŵĿռڳ֣ͻȻĿһ£ûбʾʲôӰǰ˿ռͨ
ȡݿʱ֪йɿӵĿ⡣
ӵĿʮ֮ǾϵʦϵʦΪǿ󣬻޷ɿӸС
Կ϶T09˼ż뾶һǧﷶΧڣûзκε쳣
֮ǰһֱžɨ裬ʲô쳣ûз֡
ûзֿߣֿܣһǿߵʵԶʵϵѹȫ޷֮
ǿһǧﷶΧ⣬ֶͨμ
ֿܣҪСΪϣȻʵﵽʦʦ֮ҲֻʮǼصֶΣҲܹʮ߼ʦսһ
뵽żڲֿӸʧɫоԼƺҪ鷳ˡ
俴ڣĽ룬ڵĿռͨ
T09˼żڲǰȫģ⴦żѾΪ÷ееżĿռͨļֶΡ
ͨռ似ֶҪֽżͨڲףٲǶʱġ
ܹǿƿռǿߣҪĻֵܵӸУһѹ㹻ʧȥֵ
ιԼ뷨ģĿӸҲ˳żڵĽڡ
ݿڵżİȫ·֮ǰҲ˰ȫ·ɰȫ·¹ɲ˿Ĵ⡣
߹ʯͨ־׿ռ䣬һջûС
ҲΪʲôջվͨǰĿġ
ҽǰͨ޷ʹݿ¼ݿ˵
ӽżͿݿļ¼ܣͨӰ豸Чټǿʮ˼ͨʶᱻ
Ա˵ݿ¼ˣݿҪսսָڣܱͨڵĹӰ쵽
ݿһͨݿʵһ̨΢͵ĹԣݿĹ⣬ܹܶ
ʧȥݿǳ鷳޷ɴ뵽ռͨʧȥ˵ϵֶΡ
ݿϵҲսռƷڡ
̤ͨǰһһһһ˷С
һΣġ򡯽ʦĿ˺ܶࡣ
˵ʱٳһЩͬԶص˺ֶݵӰһҪС˺ܶࡣ
ڵͼƣ̰Žڵ
ûƶվԭأȴĵڶι
뵽ͼƴе뵽ͼ֮УҲΨһͼơ
ͨһͬʮ򡯵Ч
˾ϲ򡯵ٶԾʮ߼
Ȼ򡯽ʮ߼ĻƽʱҲʹãֻǶصʵ
ʱһȥڳһٶڴﵽļޡ
ͨıԵһ뿪ͨ
ʼ򡯣һٶл۵ȫתΪ
T09˼żУ֮ͨʱż̫֮Уһҷɴڹעżڡ
һɴܹɴǰֵģʹеַɴ
ɴ״̬ʽɲͨǿռ
ռǼѱģĿƼҲѷɴĴڡ
ټɴԶT09˼ż֮⣬Ǽ¼T09˼ż
˹ʦϣǰĹĻظżĹ̡
˹ʦָӰ㣬ӰΪȫϢӰ
ڴ˴Զڣ޷ǵɴڵϵͳ޷ġ
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˹ʦҵʦȡҵ´
ǰ÷ͻȻҪռT09˼ż뷨̸˹
ҵԭT09˼ż֮һ˵÷Ҫռżԭ򣬵ҵûȫš
ǶT09˼ż˵飬̸йУרʦżȴûµķ֡
ҵʦţ÷һT09˼ż֣Żռż뷨
Ϊ˹ʦ˼T09˼żҲʮսǿʦԸӡ
ȻûʲôΣգʱּΪҪ޷̫дµʱ䡣
˹ʦȫϢӰɴݿ⣬ܿϢʾ˳
Ҫ˵ǣҵҲһ÷еĹϵ㲻
ҲܹT09˼żž޴棬ҵ޴ҧһڡ
½ľϵʦ˹ʦʾݿ
Ŀ¶֮ɫϵʦԣ֮ǰû˵
÷Ӧǿû֮µ͵ˣʹֻ÷ڲ
Ϊ鱨Ամ÷дõģ϶С
Ϊ÷еľϵʦȻ˵÷в֮һеģ÷еڲϵͳҪ֤Ϣġ
˹ʦ֣ǰT09˼ż⵹÷еϣҵԼϡ


432 
÷нT09˼żչ֮ǰҵżһȨģκνżΪӦ¼
żļ¼ȻҲڣҲͱ˹ʦ˳
Ҫ˹ʦжϣɴϵͳⲢԶΪг
ʦT09˼ż÷˶ռż֮£Ҳ̫ɺˣ˹ʦ
ĿתT09˼żڴ˼Ƭ˾
֪֮ģΪľԵʮʦսǿĻҲִˡ
½ʦһλʮϵʦ˹ʦԣϵʦϵʦȻϾռơ
˹ʦرɴ״̬ռ룬˳ԶͨѶϵͳ
˵޷̵ͨѶͨͨѶܹģһδͨѶҪʮӵʱ䡣
ɴԶͨѶϵͳŹ̶Ŀм豸ͨѶм豸ڣҪʮӵʱܹյ
˵һߴϢͲˣǽɴɨ轢̶ͨѶӵ㡣
˹ʦڴϢٴ÷ɴ뵽״̬żڵ
㱨֮һ˵ҵǱôͲܹʵˡ
û뵽ӵһλʵСʦ뷨ԭҲûд
T09˼ż򡯣Ŀ߲һֱ棬ʱɲ̣֮ʱǿ뿪ˡ
ʱȥ죬˹ʦûп뿪ȴһλҵʦ
ʦôˣ˹ʦڷְʦķɴһʦͨѶϢһ߽ɴ״̬롣
ʦԼķɴķɴֻͨɴûɴרҵ
ɵɴԣɴڡ
ɴļʻգλʦˡ
˹ʦĲȥ񱨳һʦ˹ʦЦ˵
˹ʦ¶Ц⣬ôĴΪ񱨳
ʦûг𣿡ʦĻʵ
ǵģԴǰûг˹ʦʮֿ϶Ļش
ʦ˵ͷ˼
T09˼żǷǳģ˵ҲԸż̽ΣθǶԸżϽϸµо
˵T09˼żʲôżҲûʲôɹ۵ջ
ʮʱУżʦǿֶż½ʦãûʲôʦС
ҲһûмֵżȻͣʱ䡣
Σգôżһʲôǲ֪ķ֣żͣ
Ҫ֪̣̽еİȫ·߶˸飬̽T09˼żҲòʱ䡣
Ϊؼһ£÷п˵ҪT09˼żģɹôã⴦żȻܹ룬ͺˡ
˹ʦһżⲼϿռϣʦռ豸סżڣʦԸ
˹ʦһû뵽ʦԸ
ȻǶ÷еżмӣ¹滥̽鱨
ʦ˼׼֣÷еľϵʦ÷֪Ļǳأ֮ᱬͻ
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ϸоD03żżϵģҲѡD03żżΪڶ̽żԭ
Ȼ˵ж˾ϵʦżеķⲢû̫Ӱ졣
ʵֻһλľϵʦ̽D03żżڽ޷ټ̽ȥˣΪһ׾ͨϵʦ޷Խľˡ
Ŀռ䣬ϵʦҪþƾʦ壬Ϳһףһ׶⡣
ż֮УҪʹʦӵܹһ׵ľ롣
ģʲκһλϵʦټġѾʦҲʦá
ҽԾһ֮ȫɡ񡯻׵ĸżо˵׵ĸᱻƽĳ̶ȡ
㼯˫ȣȲ˿ֲ˫ŵأŵڶʯ
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ڿлһȣ׼ȷĵڶʯϷ
һ汣׵̽鷶Χ֪ż֮ҪСʦ
ΪżȫģżиʦԻᣬЩʦ㴦Σ֮ʱֽԨ
Ȼڸλʦݿ¼ܣ˴˶Ĺݡ
ʯԾţڵ˵ĸʯʱֹͣرݿļ¼ܣ֮ʹõǲ¼ġ
ʩչƿ硯׷Χڣʦ縲סпռ䡣
ٴԾڽҪ䵽ʯʱͷ֮Уһֻֻż̴˫ĳӷɳ˹
ӵʵҲʮ弶޷ʦ˺ġ
D03żżмأʯ֮ϣλʮʦһ֧λʦɵ̽СӲȫû
һ㶼СЩӣʮ弶ĳ㲻ʲôӵʱԵˡ
Ӵͷг֣ٶȾżư㣬˵żǽɵģЩӸͲܽɽƵԼ
D03żżеٶȽϣЩӵٶٶȵⲻٶٶܵ˼ơ
⻹ȫΪԼ٣Щӵٶĸࡣ
ż˺ܶ࣬򡯵ûơ
ͨʦĹΧҲʮףϵʦЩҲٶףʩչġȴԴﵽףڵսĵڡ
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ҪԸֳӣȻҪӵдΧʦ
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Կ϶ЩӾǾżģȻγɵġ
ڴû˵ʮ弶ĳӳ֣ӴĳȺռ䶼ᱻȺռݡ
żĿֲľССĳӸɿвʦĳ̶ȣһܹóӳΪһȡ֮֮ߵԴʵ̫¡
ӵʯʯϣ߸ʯ


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˵ھŸʯͣһ£ٴԾ
ڵʮʯ󣬴Ӹ߿ʯ飬Щʯ̺֮ʯĹУϵĻ㼯
ʱǲһʯģԾбʯУ䵽·޾֮С
Ȼ̽ʦԼķһ֧ʦСӱ˴˶ü͵ֻҪһλʦʯ֮ϣͿԱס֧ʦСӡ
ż̽ʱ䣬ʦԼľ뷽֪ܼСʧ
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ʯܶȲ㹻ܵĿռ䡣
ʯʱǻʯͻû뵽ʯ֮ʧ·յģͲ֪ȥ
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ʱ䣬ٸʯ飬ֻʦʯ
һٱһĻʣоϵʦڳѻʲôջ
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ݿϣ¼һ鰲ȫ·ߡ
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Ϊ̽żҪλʦһͬУǽλʦԴǿԹֿͬܵΣգżʡ
˵ĸһ㣬һι˵ġ
׼ñྫϵʦԶľ룬֮ǰʦ̽ûзֵʦԴռΪջ
˵δ֪ż̽ʵһЩٿǡ
ĿǰҪľʦԴľϵʦҩùˣһһʮݾϵʦҩ
ķʽǼˣ̽һ飬ûΣգָΪ١
ûгԸߵطϵͳ÷D03żżϵͳʮ˼۷
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̤һʦ䣬ֻᰴհȫ·ʵǰС
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֪żʲôĿռ䣬ż֮е⻷ȴܹʦԴ
ҲȥоеԭǻżҲ޷ƽ̺ԭ
ĿƽżԭʦͲҪðΣնż̽ˡ
ǰİ׵ľɨ֮ǰİ̽ľϵʦɨˣҲİʦԴˡ
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Ȼеİȫ·ߣߵΨһİȫ·ߡ
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ߵѾСʱˣнٶȺҪɨܣͬʱҪעǷΣա
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ϢĴڣİȫ·ҲڴغϣϢֻ÷жУǰλʦʦ
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ʮ߼ʦ󣬸֪һϢûΪһλʮľϵʦһɸУǴͬ˶ಽһΪȫľ롣
Щ£Ը֪ĳʮ߼ʦھ
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λʦ뿪ʹðɣʮ߼ʦ˵
ʮ߼ʦʮD03żżص㣬һλϵʦ޷ģҲ˵ǰʮϵʦǶԶ
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ǵ㣡ʮ߼ʦûڵİȫƵʮʦ˵Լжϡ
Ϊݿļ¼ܣ£ϮʦϮʦѵĻݿϵļ¼Ϳֵʦѯ
һʦ֮Ҫ֣Ҫôܹٷ֮¶Է֮£Ҫôǵʽ
ν㣬ǲһնöԷʦһ֣ϮһžԵɳ֣ºݿ¼ռ
ûлشԷλʦ˳Ϣ뵽ǵİȫ·֮УԺܿٶ밲ȫ·ߡ
ҡҡͷȻԷóϢҲûпϢһſϢ


437 Ƹ
Ϣָ״̬Ϣ뿪½뵽ȫ·֮С
İȫ·֮ǰλʦİȫ·߲֮ͬĻʲ
ڰȫ·Снɨ׷ΧڵһУʱͻʦԴսսָڡ
ҲˣľΧݿ¼ܣܹ¼ջ񲢲࣬İٶջ񣬳ջչʾݿ¼ǰݿ¼޷ֵġ
ݿ¼ܵĿ̽鷶Χʵ̫ˣ޷ľȡ
Ҳûռ÷б˵뷨÷ɽǷǳõģɲΪһСӰ
⴦ߵջʦʯдСʮ飬ʦҩʮꡣ
ϴЦݣǳεջ񣬵Ŀǰջ񣬾ͿΪʮݵʦϵҩ
ŽżûжãD03żż̽Ÿտ˸ͷ
ȻѡǶԵģһ̽ջġ
ľ˸ߵصıԵƬߵصİȫ·߽;ʦԴ˸ɾ
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ɽߵͬǴ·޾ģֻǱȸߵصĻΪӡ
ɽߵ֮ľΪһףʦ㼯˫ڿշԾȥ
УľһֱСĵɨܣԾ֮ʱΪΣյġ
ʧȥ˷еżΣոࡣ
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ɽŵʯϣ·ǴֱͱڣͱǲܽӴģʦͱڽй̽
ʯܣеĵ涼ˣǿɵĺۼ
÷еϣɽһɽΣԴԼʮ˼ڵĳ̶ȣʮ˼ʦ뿪ȫ·ߡ
ȻⲢζʮ˼ʦ͸ΪΪʮ˼Ĺʦ¶ΣʱԽֵԽƵ
¾ʮ˼۷ʦҲ뿪ȫ·߳ʮ롣
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÷еİȫ·İȫ·߲ͬжĺۼӦ÷ǰĸλʦΪ
Щʮֵĸɾľɨ˼飬ûзֱʦʯĲ
Ҳþڿ濪ɿʯɵľӴʱ־ֻܹ׵ķΧڿ档
ƺľżе۹Χڲá򡯵£ǿʩչϵطĹΧ
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ȫ˷ʱ䣬绹֮ǰһԶЩûбֵʦʯ
һ·ɽУûдһɽķϵͳʦʯûʰ
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԰ȫΪСǰţСʱɽɫȻ
ǰ棬Ӵż֪֮ǰʦӾżлʲôЩıӦöǴĽлõġ
ϧǰֽʦ̽żʱΪӵģԽΪȫ̽ҳÿһеİȫ·ߣڽеõջ
ھżֻк棬֪ӾżջʲôǷǳѵġ
ݿеĽȫͼͬ֩㣬ܹĵ㣬˵ͼϣγ˸İȫ·ߡ
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ԶͽĽͣʹõҲɽͬʵʯʲϣʹýɽΪһ塣
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ռиڽⲢڽڣ֪Ǻԭ򣬾ͻȻĳ֡
ΪľΣڻԾ˿ռиĳ֡
εĽѵ뵽ݿ֮УԾϵʦ̽żḶ́ҲΪ÷зḻD03żż̽顣
D03żż̽вûоϵʦؾ飬Ժ÷Ƿ񻹻־ϵʦֲ䶼ǼΪҪġ
ٴεθΪСģĽǾʬһʬսսָˣʬ岢ûܹսսָ
ûŭϲ˵ʬսָŻ޷սսָ
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һݣĳӦþǿռиɵģռиȻûܹʬȫи롣
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Ҫôǿܹڿռии֮£岻и롣
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ջ⣬ڽмеİȫ·ߣȴûκεķ֡
ҲڵƷǼзõģʲôƷֻҪƷǶǾżƼ֡
̽ʦ¸ٴĴۣҲᾡƷȡ
ȫ·ߴӽǰŽ룬Ӻ߳һöսָջһνӴżһĲιˡ
ӾżгһڲΣձɽطҪǿϺܶ࣬ΣԾ˺ܶࡣ
ǰһξ룬Զ˽Χ÷еİȫ·ߣ÷еʦ̽ʦ
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һսָͷսָڵĿռ伫󣬳߶ﵽʮףҲսָ
ȻսָĴСǲ洢ռȵģ֮ȫͬĿռ䡣
Ĵ洢ռﵽһǧ׵İ뾶Բοռ䣬ϧ޷壬սָǴʵռнȡĿռ䣬ɹ档
սָڵƷ࣬󿴵һֻֻͼƵӣЩרڳôʦԴӡ
ԼսָоʹӣջʦҩʱͻὫʦҩսרҩڵɢ
⣬ʦʯǳʱ䱣ĻҲҪרڵġ
нֻӣΪԼ۾ˣ˻þ
һֻӣʶʦҩݣһ꣬ͬʦҩݡ
ִһֻʦҩݡ
ŵִӣȫʦҩݣĲеսָڵϡ
ڲ֪ǿʦ֮ĲƸж
λʦȻܹܿռиΪ룬жʵʮ˼
ʮ˼ʦսָſ˱ʦҩݵӣͷֵЩջͳеһҪࡣ
ƶˣɫŹֵ
ǵģеսָʱҪΪԴˡ


438 
һ£ܹһǧʮʦҩݣǿȶ񣬲ŽƵƷϡ
һɫĳڿʱûʲô뷨ΪûںɫϷӡǡ
ֻҪԺһЩǼӡȼ
֮ǰλʦлõǶǼֻԲϣǱľԶǼܹʹá
ɾľ׼ӺɫƿʱͣľںɫϷ˹Ź֮
ɫڱľƶ֮ʱ˹ϵͼơ
ֻǹ֮ϼƵͼƣɫӦòִżҵԶ
ľһɫС
ŵעɫɫû˿Ӧֻ˻
ʮ弶ɹעɫֻǺɫûκεı仯ȴʮ弶עɫʱɫȡһϵ
ﲢɫĵطֽɫսԼĴ洢ռڡ
ľսָв鿴۵һƣǼӡǡ
һǼĶƣҲڶλǼװϧƴ±п˴롣
ǼΪ˵һοռи˲ûеµڶοռи
֪ǼǷܹ޸ⲢóȻȥõ´ʦ
ַһֻСӣСӣֻſռԵҩƿ
ǰһϣĶ
̽뵽һֻռҩƿڣǼʦҩʮһݡ
עǣʦҩʦϢʮֵŨԶͨʦҩɱȡ
⵹Ҳ⣬սָһλʮ˼ʦôЧʦҩܹʮ˼ʦЧҩ
ȻʮһʦҩЧҪȥ׼ȷжϣҪԼļʶ̫ǳ
ľ뵽һֻռҩƿһԼΪҪҩϵʦҩ
ֻռҩƿڵϵʦҩǻԵģһʮ֮ࡣ
޷Ƶ¶ЦݣȻ̽żŻдջ
ΪҪǣʬջĶǲҪϽģֻҪϽżջӦ֡
սָлƷǧǱҵĲǿԼһҷɴ
ǿǧǱҵǿûĶټǱٶҲ޷ʦԴ
˵ɴҲĿˣȻȥоżʦսָڵķɴǱ䡣
ݿֻݿϲûʾκϢӦݿ˶ݿãûӦȨ޵ĻݿϲϢ
ͨݿ֪սָ޷쵽ˣȻȥƽ˷ɴϵϵͳܹ֪˭ˡ
սָԼָϣֻսָԳΪսָˡ
ʼĻȡ˳ϣǼıǣҴӲϷһԵǼס
˵׵ܣҪʵ顣
ȻиٵķǾǽ׽õ´ʦλʦУװеϽжԱȡ
ҪǼĻףӦܹװӦϡ
ϾͿ֪Ǽ׵ĸܣԼϸ˵
Ҫ֪ǼװŶصĹܵġ
񡯻ףӵʦķ⣬ʦٶȣ˵ʦٶҪʹ߶ԵĿԼߣʦĹܣá񡯻״ﵽǼ
ΪλʦݣǼװһԶųǲ򵥡
ٿܣ̽D03żżȤΪ͡
εջ㹻һϵʮӯľϵʦҩˣԺϵԴҲ˲٣ϵʮ߼ġ
̬ܿΣǴ㽫μƻеż̽еס
ż̽ջ֮⣬ܹӦΣյľ飬ʦǿ߶ԣǼΪѵõġ
÷еϷΣյʦʵӦƿ֮ϣһơ
ǴݷĽضʦʱһ׼ȷܹһ˿ƿƿĻʣֵʦȥԡ
ΪԼûƿϵ뾫ϵн߽ʱƿ
ʱ룬ܹڸ߽ײϿٽ᲻ڸ߽ʱйء
̬ʼ̽ԶľɷӳǿЧջ񲻶ϵš
²ʬϵջջҲˡ
СʱнӽɽĶ
һΣָ֪λʦλʦǱһɽһʯϢҲɽ崦Ϣ
εϢСֻдŶʮƽ
⴦ϢȴΪȫģûκʦ֡
ΪϢֵʦеĹ
ʯϵϢĳȻλʦע֮ǰͬǣһλʦû뿪
λʦҲ֪ǲʦڳֵģȻȫݣǾͲҪı⡣
ǺãﱾͲټ֮ǰʮ߼ʦùò΢Цк
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ʮʦû⵽һ仯ʮ߼ʦȴǸ֪˾ռĲʮ߼ʦ뾫ϵʦʮζʲô
ʮ߼ʦԿ϶⸽ʦԴͱΣܻġ
Ҫʮʦ׼ϤһD03żżڵʹʮʦȫ·֮ǰİȫ·̽ȥŻջ
ʮ߼ʦ뵽һܣֲ͵͵һۡ
⴦ϢֵܹʦԴôֻһܣǾľ̽鷶ΧϵʦԶһ㡣
뷨ʮ߼ʦɵһȻĶľ̽鷶Χôһ·ϵ̽ջ˶ٵʦԴ
ʮ߼ʦжһֳӣʶû뵽뵽˴١
˭ǵһμΪǵߣʦѣǱֳηãַǶһˣ޹⡣
⣬һλϵʦܹD03żżɻ󣬻ĳֱԾϵʦ壬׵ľ롣
ЩӴʮ߼ʦ̰ȻҪĻʵ
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ѹеʣõĶԷ֣ĵĻָ
ʮ߼ʦʮʦ˸ƣվɽϢ뿪
ʦΪʲôϢһǼƻڸղŵϢϢһСʱģʮӾ뿪ˣʮĹ޵ʦʵ
ҪЩɽ£뿪ɽΨһͨغ⾫ϵʦʦ˵
޵ʦ񣬰ʦղŵĹ۲˵һ顣
ɽս޷ܹģϵʦžϵƣ޵ʦЩĵѵ
޵ʦż̽鲢࣬˵żսˣ޷ֻڰȫ·һλϵʦսĳ
һСľϵʦʲôսʦм˵
罫뵽Сʦ֮УЩ⣬ʮʮ߼֮һ޴ĺ蹵
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ɽϢһɽȥ
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µҪӽɽ֮ʱľһһʦϢĹ
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ֻҪֲõʦԴԴϵĲʦʵʦʵƷôҲѵд֮
˵ܳ⹦ЧʦʵǼֵ͸ˡ


439 ս
ãȻ˵ȡʦΪ鷳Ϊʦô鷳Ҳֵõġ
ľ£ϵޱ̽һĽʦܵڳڵļΪСģ¸κһ룬ӶӰ쵽ʦԺ
ȡٶȱüһʦõСʱ˳
ʦսһֻпռ似רУҲΪ׼ġ
ֻû뵽Ŀ̽żĹУһʦ
ߵСʱһߵİʦ޵ʦҲСʱ
İȫ·߱ﾭܹ룬ǶҪΪѾطͨˡ
ľ㹻Զȷ˰ʦ޵ʦ
ڷǺ֪Լ鷳ˡ
֮ǰʦͱֳ˶Ķ⣬ʱڱؾİȫ·֮ϣζǲԶˡ
վ壬ɽµⰲȫͨһֱߣֻҪ߹ǰתǣλʦͻῴˡ
һ£ûйرݿ¼ܣ£ݿ¼ܣɱλʦ֮±Է֪Ҳݿ¼ݿ˵
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һʦ֮ϱݿ¼֤ݣϮ⡣
κϣʦż֮зͻģΪż֮еΣձͼߣֻ֮ʦսܵ˼
ʦ֮ż֮зսԻʦ䡣
ÿһλʦڸڸǼ䱦ģΪһλʦԴԹ㡣
رݿ¼ܣҲ˵׼ʹá򡯣ֻʹһЩսʽ
ȻĵΣ֮ʱرݿ¼ܣȫ֡
ż֮Уһֱϵġ÷طΪ֮ܵս½÷طܣγǿ״̬ľ֡
ս⣬Էǿһλʦʮ߼ڵʵԼʵûᡣ
һ̤˳Űȫ·תתǣԼӰ¶λʦҰ֮С
Ǿϵʦ˯˰ɣ޵ʦЩԹ˵
˵ɽϢ䰲ȫ˯ҲʲôȫϵĹǣλʦż֮̽˯ģ
Σ鲼ż˯Ҫжǿࡣ
ע⣬ˣʦ֣Ȼѵ
עӵķתߣһתǣͽ뵽ɽµһֱߵİȫ·ϣûκڵ
޵ʦɫһӾͽֱóԼĳʮڳϻ㼯š
ʦüͷһ壬Թ޵ʦķӦЩ
޵ʦȷıʾԼⷽĵ⣬ûгҲû˲
˫ʦ֮ʱó㼯սźš
ڵǾ·磬һʱת뿪ǾƵһȥЩ鷳
СʦٰʦΪģ԰ʦвҲû˵ʲô
Ҳû˵ǰţֱ߰ȫ·ʮףʦ޵ʦվλ׵ľ롣
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ʦһϲǰ߽֪ǲת뿪ˡ
׼սһλϵʦʮԴ󣬸ûнϵʦУʮ߼ϵʦս
һλľϵʦʦԲƣ˭ڰʦΪлһλСľϵʦ
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λʦҲ뿪һֱߣΪҪǣλʦûо԰յǲԾġ
һԾУĻһ뿪һֱߣô֣ͻܷܵϵͳĹ
¶ʱܹܷϵͳĹֻҪһ£Ϳ뿪ȫ·ߵʦ䵱
һ㲻֪λʦ֪ͬ
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ʦǰϵżļ٣ٶҲǼΪ˵ġ
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ҡңͷӰˣں˵ͬʱһͬϢӰǰˡ÷طٻľܡ
ں֮ʱһ֧ܣӰ֧ܣǹܹõıȽصĹֶˡ
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˵İʦǷܹ֪޷жˣҪǰʦμӹսӴ˵ܹϳ
ּˡ÷طžϵطûսЧս֮ͻȻʹóܹ䲻Ч
ڣ÷طʩչڰʦϡ
ڳеİʦֻоһɾҪæΪԼĴԶһϣԾŵġ
ʦΪ÷طһ־񹥻طӦԷʽ
һӰ쵽ǰжϣʵֱֱȥİȫͨҲûȥжϡ
ֻҪǰֻҪӽսͿԽˡ
ڳط£ʦԼٶҪٶȿһЩӽһ룬ͿԵеĻӶӰ쵽
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׵ľ룬ˣǰʦ޵ʦҲǰ棬Ǻܿ뾫ܽӽˡ
ˣʦ֪ǰʦϢΪܾڵĹͷеĻ
ܱģ˵ľϵطżУټʹˡ÷طŰʦʹðʦжϳ˴
ʦԾܷھϵġ÷طӳЧ
ЩǰʦֱӷֻԻƿطĹ޷ƿܵľֵġ
Сթڰʦûܵ÷طӰĹ޵ʦ˲ԣѵ
ʱİʦųط֮ƣһնѾʩչ
ܵľܹܰʦһػɱƣ屻һΪ
ܻΪޣʧһЩ
ڰʦȫʩչնǰĻƲòķֻϵĻ֡


440 
ӰΪǹˡǹҲʱ״̬
ڵһᣬһʦΪĻᡣ
ʦʩչȫն֮ʱڹǿ֮ʱͬʱҲǷ֮ʱ
ǹˣʦ֪֮ʱնһ״̬޷תΪ
תΪҲ޷ڶʱ¼ƣϵطļҲҪʱġ
˰ʦǰӴʮ߼ڵĻûķЧ
֮䱾ϵĲ࣬ͬ׵£ѹġ
ڻǱǹѹһء
ʦǰĻֱǿƿһڣڣϧ㣬ֻǽ׵ǰ׻һ׶ǰһص˿ڡ
һ岻ȥ
Ĺ޵ʦæַסʦ°ʦС˵ȫ·֮⡣
÷еʦһᣬظŵʦظ÷ѺʦӦǺܿ죬ʵĹƣе
֮ǰʩչ÷ط֮ʱžϵطûرðʦûз
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ϵ̽ƿһ룬һβûܵκε谭
׵Ļ׶֮ǰƿˣϵ̼ӳš÷ط˰ʦؿڡ
һз̫죬޵ʦҪְæȴϵĹٶȶϣ˵赲ˡ
Ҫʦ¶˾֮ɫĹʵ̫ϣûһ˿͵Ļᡣ
ˣɺҲˣϵ̽λλá
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޵ʦסˣսķת̫죬쵽ûܹӦ
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޵ʦоֱƿ֮ʱŷӦҪתӣɾϵޱ̽ٶȸ졣
˫ü֮һѪϵޱ̽ԣ澡ƻ
ľɨʬ壬ʬϵսָȡ£ʬ屻þɽ޾֮С
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ͨһλʮ߼ʦжϵõĽۣʦڱк󣬲ûеһʱԻɻͺ˵һˡ
սĹУ˻⣬ֶζǾϵʦĹֶΣһսѾܹϵʦĿֲ
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һԻ׸ˣУ˰ʦǶǼԳ⣬һʮʦʹõĻһǼԳ
ľһöսָʧ֮Ũ˶ʮʦҩ⣬һЩ̽żĹʲôġ
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ҪʹЩ̽żߣ緵÷УǱйΪ㡣
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һλʦҵеλܸߵģеԴȻҲЩ
ҵλʦãʦ޵ʦͨʦ
󲿷ֵʦõʦҩ󣬶һʱ䣬ȴ˺ͱչõԴȻȥ̽ż
İʦ޵ʦǳ̽żģܹΪ¶ʮʦҩѾˡ
ջǰһ׵Ծһеĺ
ȫգ޿ĴţһεĴˮ㡣
ˮ֮ϣźܶƯŵˮֲҶƬվڱԵһֲҶƬ֮ϡ
ˮϵֲҶƬǰȫģκεĹֻЩҶƬΪϿʦվȥ󣬾ͻ
ҲõģżͼŰȫҶƬע
ˮǰȫģˮ¾ͲͬˣˮźܶЩﲻˮϹֻҪˮУͻܵĹ
͸ǵĹΪϬ졣
ͨģֻҪһҶƬԾͿ԰ȫͨҪõʦԴֻܴˮ·֡
ԼľûʲôãľˮУֻһ׾޷
һ׸޷뵽ˮףˮٶס
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ˮȫ㼯֮ǰʦϣټͿ԰ȫķصҶƬϡ
볢Եһԭﾭ̽ˮֵܹʦԴһ顣
ˮ޷־ľƣ˵ֻһ˹ֿɷʽ޷ҲС
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һ׵Уһ޴ĹŹ֪ǿʦϢ
ܵżеѹƣʮ˼ʦϢܹԼԸ֪ġ
ǰĹڣһλʮ˼ʦ̽Ҳ÷Զ̽룬빬Ļ˵ܹ÷̽ʦ
ԥˣûôջȥܲʦѾ̽ҵһЩջ
Ѿ㹻ǳջûбҪټֱ֮޷ӦԵʮ˼ʦ
ʦʦϮһż⣬ҵԤıжD03żżڣһμİʦ޵ʦûκԭɵĶ֡
żеİȫ˸֪֮Լǿ߻һЩ
ڵûһ˵λǿʦ˳ֽۣˡ
뵽תԭ·أٽǰĹźܶʦԴЩʦԴܲ
ľֵܹģʦ̽ʱҲʦܹ̽
ʵһЩͿԹ̽ˡ
һι÷еʦӹĻȫͲҪˡ
ʱŷ֣ԭʦǱҪģ˿Իϣõ̽ż⣬ֵܹסĵʦĿ̽
صĹʮ˳ż֮ʵżĽڵģD03żżڵǹڡ
νڵ㣬ǹڲʦýڵ뿪żڵֻܳܽ롣
ܶżڵ㣬ټΪڵ㣬żΪݡ
ż̽ȵжϣҲԷڵóۣȻҲҪ
֮ǰǴӹڵ뿪ģϧ֪Σգûдðյ뷨
ظʯԾ־ʯӵĹʦʯԼһЩڴ
ڸӦݿռ֣ͨ뵽ռͨٴγʱѾ̫֮С
ܵD03żżľһӷſ¸о˶ƿء
ż֮УûʦӦеĸо


441 
ûжԼӰڣõİȫ
ʵϵɴȫٺ֮ʱҪطɴĻȷ˺ںϲ壬Ҫɴؿɲס
ҲΪڷɴԭ򣬷ɴٶȼ죬ɴҪ׷ϵʱ䣬㹻ˡ
D03żżжξģûпռͨ£ʮʱ䣬Żص
ͼˣɴ뵽˿ռͨٴγʱѾ÷ܲ
ɴûȥطԼĿռȥ
ˣ÷ܼɯһʱ֪ķأſڹӭ
ò¹һˣ˵ͷ뵽ʲôԸ
ǣˣ÷ܼҳӦ
ɯ׼ݷõ´ʦһõ´ʦǷܲҪ׼ʲôȼֶɯԸ
Ȼõ´ʦܽ÷еģ֮ĹϵǷǳܵģϵҪģرһõ´ʦӦݷõС
ԸˣһԵһɽ֮ϣɽ嶥ڳһӣʦڣȻȡԶҩ䡣
֪ʦʮֵȶ
ġӢȻڲޣҲľľʦֲĸ֪Ƿǳǿġ
ת»صĴʱѾվڴȴˡ
£ƼյˣЦŻֹס˲εʵ
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ҲǷԸʲôҲʱֱ÷ܼһ߿ɯ𣿡Щ˵
ڵλϵ߽ʿɶžϵԼԼˣٷ֮ܵԼơ
λϵ߽ʿûʲôģʲôҪ󶼿ùܼ
ˣ˵ʦȨһ̨ԣһ̨ҪǱңԵİܹõΪ˷񣡡˵
׹ܼǱֻһ˵ʵһǱҲˣ󲿷ֵĸ߽ʿûңʦҲһСĿ
ԵԤ㳬˹ܼȨޣȻΪΰ
ټһֱæµƹܼҲ´ŵ
иŹܼλ弶оԱУҲѹ֣ΪʦҪоԱоԱкܶ඼Ը⡣
뷨̫ͬܣԸÿɿص˰Ҳϣܴȥ
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һֻսָڣ弶ԣ弶ԣҲҪʱľдķ㹤
Ȼʵʦ˺ܶ࣬ΪϵʦķѾҪˡ
ͬˣһҷɴҪƽ⣬עⲻϵͳιͷ
ڲΣ÷ܼԼɯԣǱһ֣˵Ǳ㲻ʲô
֮ǰջ񣬾һʦսָջ񵽵Ĳǿ˳ǧǱˣ⻹ûżǾ߲֪˶õǿʦǧǱҡ
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жĸм˵λͬǱǿǩԼģǵж״̬֮£ܹǼΪ֮ˣûжԹޡ
λͬѧϰƼĻᣬ弶Զ޷Ӵ֪ʶλרְоԱԣֻǵҪ
һΣԸ⻨ǱңΪһ̨ԣôܲء
εȻ֪ķɴʲôǶҪΪҪģҲǱִеġ
ɴսָڣսָڻм̨ռ豸ҲҪһͬƽˣһֻսָӸ˲˵
ǰսָǼҪıڵȴǵõö
δϲ⣬սָ뿪ˡ
ɯãǱңҵ幺һ̨ԣʹãɯ˽Ҫ㱨˰˵
ˣȨֻܹһ̨ԣ̨ڰܿؿռڻģɯ͵
˵ͷɯ˼
ĿǰĿռڲûʲô̽żԼʦһʱԽãõܶʦֲ
ڿռڵʦֲﻹʮֺտ÷ܼɯ㹻ˣԺʦֲһˣҪ⻷ҲԽӸӣҪԻȷĿơ
Ϊʦ䱸ԾΪӦ㹻ӵдʦֲֲϣڿռڣΪʦֲﲼó⻷
ЩҪӴ㣬ռʦֲﳬһͨϵͳͻʮֳһִ޴ʧ
ȸʹãȿռҪʱзֳһԴռͿˣ־
ɯû飬ӹǱҵĲǿ
ˣõ´ʦѣ緵ܲҵʮݰݷôʦ񵥣Ϊοɯ㱨
û뵽ôϢ
ݿĹĻɯʮ񵥣֪ɯӺζЩ񵥣ɯ÷ҲԼ
֪ǣɯ÷ܼ÷жǰԵϵǸΪʦ÷ڲĹϵӽˡ
÷еÿһʦκһλʦҲľϵʦ
ɯ̽һϢȻǼΪס
Լûʶ÷еӰйء
ʮ񵥣Ӵ洢ռȡ鲻ͬʦʯ
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˵ÿһʦȨ޹һ̨ԣʵ½ʦٻṺģҪȵһĻ֮Żῼǡ
ǱҪʦƿһܹãʦɲΪ׬ȡǱҶǶʦʵļ˷ѡ
ڳΪʦչֳļֵ÷ڲһЩ߽ʿͻͶʦƿеһȨӶ棬Ǳҡ
ʦʦæµֻʦԴԲΪǱҶ
ɯ֪һֲһʦӦżеջ
ټ׼ʦʯ˵ż̽ջС
ż̽ĳɹʵż洦ʵˣܹɯĵλȹ̡
ˣ׼һ£ɯ˵
һǳʽİݷãǰԤԼ
˿ʱ䣬뿪ԼĿռžеĿռȥ
׼Ͻ̽D03żżӦջڸսľ¥ʱ˱ɪķʦ
ʦһ£
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ЦһԼһ׵λá
һˮƮǰˮʦϢΪĽǱɪķʦдƷĲˮⱭʹõĲҶĲ֪˶١
ϽջİɣֱҽӣҲЩҪ㣡ɪķʦ΢Ц˵
ɪķʦǴŵʦ֪żеľ룬Ȼ֪ľżлôջ
һֻֻȡǰ
һǰʮʦҩݣʮ߿ʦʯD03żżеջ񣬳ϽĲ⣬뽫Ķɾϵʦҩָǰĺ˵
ɪķʦĿǰĺӣЩջD03żżԣ㲻öࡣ
ǵ̽δ֪򣬶Ѿ̽©ǾЩˡ
Ҫ֪Щ̽δ֪ģɶǶλʦж˴ʱ䣬һż̽ûǲ뿪ġ
D03żż˼ʱ䣬˶ջκһλ̽żʦۺˡ
ʮݾϵʦҩջɲСɪķʦЦŽǰĺ𣬲ӹһֻռƿ˵


442 ѡ
Щ⾹ȻʮݾϵʦҩⳬԤϣҲûӶ뷨Ц˿ռƿӡ
ʦ鷳㴦Щ嶯ˣɪķʦڽԴ󣬲ų˵
ɪķʦڵ֪ǰ̽ż󣬾һֱڹע١
صݿԶD03żżļ¼ȫϴ
֮ǰɪķʦմԵһD03żżе
ɪķʦ÷žԵȨֱݿļ¼ݡ
ʮ˼ŵʦûȨޡ
ɪķʦλʦżеĳͻ֪ȫˣаԵĲѡ
Ȼ˵սʤλʦɪķʦǸоĴ÷ʽס
˵D03żżλʦһγȥ鷳ȷܹɪķʦ֪ľֻżзˡ
ǵģεżðգ֪뷨Ҫøջ񣬵ҲҪǵİȫ
D03żż̽ȲߵżҲҪʮ߼ʦͬ
ʦѰʱӦ˱ܣ¼ϱУΪͷżе̫ðˣɪķʦͷ˵
ţûһ㷴бɪķʦ˵̡
ǶģɪķʦôΪָ
˵űɪķʦʵ֪Ĳȫ棬Ӱ˱ɪķʦж׼ȷ˵ĻǾܽᣬʦóľ顣
սǳҵϣǰʦʮ߼ڵĻʦ㾹ȻսнɱɪķʦмΪ̬ȣ˵ĻתΪ˳ޡ
ȷʵսϵʦŶãͿһԶǿɱʮ߼ʦһλʮʦ
ݿļ¼ʮʦǱʵѹˣ˵ʮ߼ʦͻȻܵشЩ֮⣬ɪķʦǲ׷׵ģλûԼһơ
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ҲˣڳΪʦûĻô⽫źܶ鷳
ͱһΣЩظŵλʦϳ֪÷еľϵʦõ´ʦãܵɪķʦĹעôλʦǷ񻹻ҪֶԸ˵ˡ
÷г棬ظ⣡ûöþͿ΢Ц˵
ûгΪʦʱʦսûܳΪʦ󣬷ӸСˡ
ظȷʵǿ󣬿Ҳûбģ÷оĿɽ
ӣԭʦʱףͲӦõ͵ģһظ⳥Ҫ󣡡ɪķʦЦ˵
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ǻҲǺ£ȻΪܵĹע࣬رǵжĹעΣա
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ɪķʦʱ䱦ɲ볤ʱš
ӱɪķʦ뿪˾еĿռصԼļУʼԴ⡣
ǿʦսָУһǧʮʦҩݣԽմ÷дһıȫԶһ󼸰ٷݾϵʦҩ
ǵĸ࣬һεջãÿһ̽żջ
Ҫһǧʮʦҩݵ÷ӵֻҩֻרҵԱƲܹﵽ档
ȻЩʦҩ֮УҪҳƾϵʦҩʦҩݣܹٷݲϡ
ʦҩݣǽϵʦҩݣֻ÷ֱӶһϵʦҩ
հݷõ´ʦ˵ɣûõ´ʦ˵
Ҫеʦ䷽Ǵŵʦõģ֪õ´ʦûиʦ䷽ֻʲôԶһϵʦҩݡ
뵽ʼˡ򡯵ӰҲ뵽ռУˡ򡯣뿪ʱ䣬ȫˡ
֮ʱһϢʦȦд
÷еıɪķʦظŷ⳥Ҫ󣬲һݿ¼ݡ
ֱյɪķʦ⳥ҪԼݿ¼ݺظǱ߲֪˰ʦ޵ʦϢ
ҪD03żż֮УϢ޷ż֮ǰ̽ʦ֣Ѿ˽ʱ䣬Ϊλûʦǰȥ档
µĴҲʦȦС
½ľϵʦȻɱλϵʦлһʮ߼ʦµıըϢٶȼ졣
ǷΧʦõϢֻҲյϢ
û˭һλʵǿľϵʦǵҪġ
ϢȻҲҵʮ˼ʦĶС
ϢڴյظλʦɱϢ֮ǰʦûΪɳλʦʧйء
½ʦʵвʮ߼۷İʦ
ظʮ߼İʦ֣֮˭ܹȷܻɱʮ߼۷İʦ
˵˹ʦǲ˵ˣܹɱʮ߼ʦʵ˵ɱ˹ʦֶֻΪ֮
ʦ𲻻ôȥģʦǿѹסеķŭ
ʦµģҵǱʦųΪʮ˼ʦĿܡ
ͷǳѵˣҪ֪ʦĽѣÿһԴ⣬ҪԵ츳
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ʮ˼ʦʦоԵʮżʦ֣ǸĵƴڣΣΣ޷ʮżʦӰ
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ִⱾһΪ򵥵ץ̽T09˼żܡ
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˵ʧ٣ʦʮʦǲܽһʱʧһϢͻصġ
Ҫ֪ʦԼ˹ʦ򴫵ݻϢôִʱʧ٣ֻһܣǾˡ
رյ÷ظŷ⳥ҪϢ󣬸ʦ֤ʵλʦʵ
ظŵĻظǳѸ٣ôʹλʦ䣬Ҳսż̽Ĺ
D03żżǼͬƿصģǶҪż̽ĹظҪǸսôʧľͲֻλʦʦ
ٲԸظ̽żҲټǹżӰǾ޴ġ
żʦ֣Ϊ̽żʱǾԽֹģ˵÷ظŵĹϵǲ
ظһʹʦ޵ʦ䣬һ߻ЩԹλʦ¡
رǱɪķʦԳ棬ظŸҪӣǿλʦŲٶɪķʦ߷⳥Ϣ
ȻǱظŽλʦԿռڵʦԴȫЩɲŲ֮С
ڶʱյɯϢջһֱûгȥ
ڽһֵġ󣬴ӵռϻ˼뷨ۣ
ˣյظŷĲȨƽϣɯɫ죬˷ܵ˵
Ҳ˵սֻһʱ䣬÷Уĵλǡ
ʱյ÷ҪظŶԽӵ֮յظŷĲȨƽϡ
һҪ£ɯŸڴ
ҲûʲôҪԭһΪĿɯġ
ظŽ⳥ˣȻô죿һΪ⳥֮ҲҪƤһʱ䣬̸вܹнû뵽ֻһʱ⳥͵ˡ


443 ݷ
ݿĹĻʾظŷ⳥
˵ʵظŵ⳥ûʲôҪ֪νʦĹʲʲô̫ļֵ
ʦǵʲ׷ʦĸ߽ʿƿأټɱظŵλʦλʦŲ֮Уܹͳˡ
Ϊ⳥ڼֵ塣
ԼҲǴظŵ⳥ŵõʲôдֵʲ
ĻϵϢʮ޵ʦŲ㲻ʲôֻǳСҵĹɷݣÿ治ᳬǱҡ
һλʮ߼ʦŲͷḻˣһرʲʮֹע
ʦȻһҾԴɼԼһƬȨ
ǳ̫ճǳУʱݻ٣Ϊ΢СƬ
һЩر𷱻ɵƬƯܵ˴Ӱ죬γ
ҲҪԴҲΪȱڵ£ܹԴչԭ
ԭ޾ԴһֻΪƬ
ɼƬƬзּ񣬴лøֵԴ
Ƭ֮УĹԴõĻɼʦԴƬ
֪ʦô㵽һƬȨǰʲ˵оͼעŷΧ
תеΧӴҾԴɼҵÿ궼ΪǱҵ롣
ƬԾԴɼҵٶȣ㹻ʱ䡣
ʦŲһЩͶɷݣ޵ʦȣ޵ʦĲֻʵ׬ȡǱҵ
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ˣģһʲģɯ֤
ԲںȴܣЩʲλÿһλʦԼʲ
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ļóһɽС¯ôĲϲҪ¯
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ڱɳϣܵİ裬İ趼һʿװ
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˲֪ʵڽʦʵһֱڿš
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õ´ʦʵڿɽܡʱ˳ֻһװˡ
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һ£óóǹɽܾܹתΪǿķ
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D03żżзһʬ壬ǴʬϻõģҲûĻش
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ʦż̽һΪΣյΪ뱨ķա
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õ´ʦ˵˲ĬʦĹ£ʱD03żżŷֲãż̽Σյʱ
ĬʦĶλʦͬD03żż̽УΣ֮ʱԸһλʦʹһԶƷذȫ·ߵʱ䡣
ԭʵԿ԰ȫذȫ·ߵģʦĶʧȥᡣ
ͷĬʦʹԶſռ䱣Ʒż֮ǿƿռƶ֮ûϢ
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ҲǲĬʦ䣬ڵʵʧȥD03żżĹȨ
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ȻĬʦī񲻹ǶīڲĬʦͶ̫ԴĬʦϵװʮ˼ʦݻģõ´ʦ˵Ц


444 ҩ
õ´ʦȻ뵽ˣĬʦУôĬʦЩݻװҲˡ
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ǻɽ޸ܣõ´ʦ˵ⲼĬʦ˲꣬ʱĻ޸ʱɽ׵޸ˡ
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ĿҲŹĻлɽ׵˵
ԴװȤҸһȥװҲԴд룬Ȩȫˣõ´ʦЦ˵
Դװ֮²û˽ԴװȤΪ˲ĬʦǼװ˿װ뷨
Ϊʦʱ̫ˣܶʦ֪
ݿ϶˴װϣݴװӵģһκεĸ£ᷴӳϡ
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ҵЩ棬׼װһ̨ףõ´ʦЦʵ
ϵʵﵽʮ弶÷֮вʲôܣҼеʦţȫнϵʦĿܡ
ҪϵϢʵ̫ᣬŸʱȹϵʮ弶ټǾϵʦΪʦҩӶӵγϵʦĻᡣ
Ǹһ̨ϵʵﵽʮ弶Ⱦϵ׽ʦһ̨ʹãͻش
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Ҳûõ´ʦ֪콣ϸܣ˴װڵװ⣬װϸܶʹߵܡ
ǴװʦʦǴװߣװʹҲԸ⽫װϸг
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ȻǵԼԴ󲢲ࡣ
͵ﵽ˶㣬ĿԼ㣬ΪʦһװõıȫеĶࡣ
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445 
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ʱ䵽ˣʼ׶Ÿտʼͷ׶Ĳ֮ͬ
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Щýɽսˣǻɽ׿Զ֮һЧͱκεװΪҪ
ֽ˱չ״̬δչصϵӯųľϵʦҩžԵġ
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446 ʦ
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ϵڣʮľ룬һٷʱϵԭĿΪľţЩľʵ߽ͬʱĹ̻


447 
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ӰǰǰӰҪҪôʹƻķʽҪôǵʦġ򡯡
ʦǲܶõģҲΪڹϽӰٻԭ
ӰվǰǿҵʦľϢ򡯵ʦϢȫڸס
ϢǷǳڸǵģֻҪչ¶ǿߵĻɡ
á򡯵ĸ֪ҲѷӰϵġ򡯡
Ƕԡֻ֪ὫжϳĳֻԵֶΡ
һӣһľԻӰӵϣûнɽ׸Ӱʹãһɽ׶ϵԶż档
һӰǡӢľʵľԻס
ľľԻףܹȫӳľԻ׵Ч
ԭ׼չصģĿĿɲϵʦǽʮϵﵽӯ״̬ʮ߼
׼չ֮ǰ鿴һݿҪչʱûʲô顣
һŷ֣ݿ޷
΢΢һӰӣӰһĴ
ľɨڿõ´ʦԼܼң뵽֮ûĿռڷ״̬
ʦˣõ´ʦ֪ϢЦ˵
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ϵףβõ´ʦסˣ÷ܼҶŴͣһŵ̬
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˵ϵ׼󣬵ϡٵľϵʿԣľϵʿӵоϵײʲô̫ѵ¡
ҪϵʦмԽĹؿ
Ҫ֪ϵ׽ʦҪĳʦĸ򣬵Ȼָ򲻻Ǿϵ׸Ҫϵ׵˸
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жϣһµıչأľϵٶȣﵽӯˡ
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ϵʦϵٽʦҪʲô츳ǰЩһȣȫƽˡ
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ԶָҲȰ˵ѡǲָժģһλʦԼ·ѡ޷ġ
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ټйɱʮ߼ʦսԼҪӣһ֧λʦСӵսˡ
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ɾϵ׽ʦ͵λϵʦһԿɿķܣԷֽԶ̾ϵ
ھϵʦԣսԶԶһһ
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˵Ǳ۸ʵɱ˶Էһеԭɶ̫
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ʵսֻڳʱЩ֮Ϊʵ̫죬ٶ档
սǷǳҪģչʱʱս飬о¶
սʵ㣬Ҳûǡ
Ҫǣս鶼ƽѡģӥģǶһص㣬ǾǳסվƤϢ
Լս޷жϣѡսΨһ׼ǱܹվƤϢ
Կ϶ڲõĽ߻վ޴ڡ
Ⱦ޵Ϊվޣߵս鲻Ϊվ޵Ϣ޷
ü֪Ű壬ָоʦڣôٷ֮ٵĻʣֱը
о岢ûдﵽ״ֻ̬߰ûʦʡ
һ˵ĸоӣͨһӽ֪ʦĸ֪ʦ԰в
䣬ʵһ£ǧ֮һĿԣ漣Ч
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ڵõӥ󣬾ͲӥϣֽӥȺе塣
Ҳ󲿷ֳΪʿս࣬࣬ͨ޷ʴΪʿս顣
ڽӥʹˡҩ󣬽ӥëΪ˰ɫӥӺڸ֪ʦʱоһǿҵ
һҪʦǽӥıܣƺʦżЧ
һϲû뵽ӥȻʦУӦþνʦ˰ɣ


449 ӥ
ŷ֣ڵ֮УӥϲĻǻӽӥı־ͿԿ
ӥʲôν£ӥս飬ֻҪͿԱӥܡ
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ʮ뵽ӥڣӥ棬ǽӥ޷ڵʮɵЧ
ľɨӥڵĻ淶ΧСΧڣӰ쵽
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Žӥڻţ޷ӥܹĶˣ֮ҪӥԼͦһ׶Ρ
ӥͨһصĿԻǷǳģҲὫʮ뵽ӥڡ
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ŵʦ֪ҩսӵʦʣôŵʦԲýҩ
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Ŀռ䲻ʺϼӥʵҲûвԽӥս
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ľʱӵʱ䣬ɫҺתȫֿٴˡ
ȡ˻ʦҩһݻʦҩк󣬡׶ת
һεȫͬʦҩڵʦ࣬ȴյĻһͬתתΪױϵյ
оԼֻصϵӣֻҪʦҩϣͿԱּµٶȡ
Ŀǰٶȣûƿ£ﵽϵӯҪʦҩֻҪʮݡ
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ЦЦϵףΪųİٶݵϵʦҩúܾˡ
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Բοʵ̫ˣټĴڣӰӵûпɲοļֵ
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ӰӾڻռ֮Уʼˡʮʮ߼Ľ


450 
Ӱӵġ򡯽ʮ߼ûж⣬ⱾӦýģֲҪʲôҩԴֻҪϵṩҪӦǿȵĻ
ֻҪ֧Ļ㹻򡯾Ϳ޵ȥ
ӰӿʼϵڵĻ鴫ˡ򡯽ʦĸ
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Ӱӵġ򡯽ʮ߼Ҳǹٴ
ǰǹвʮ߼ʦڹƾʮ߼۷ʦʮ˼ڵʦԲвˡ
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ӰҲҪʦҩģӰӵٶȣ޵ʦҩӰϲ㡣
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ֹȥ˼죬չؽҪ֮ʱġӢڤ뷨ڴﵽӯ
ӯʮоԼľϵִڱ״̬ʮ۷弶ʵ֮ǰ˺ܶࡣ
ûиоЩʧܿ͵˹
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վ֮УվӰӣͷϽӥͣš
ӥʵʦ󣬳ķ⣬ʦӦе²УҲͣڿС
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˵ͷף첻νɪķʦΪҪǾͰ졣
û÷аõʦд֮Ҳ㹻ٰһףˡ
Ȼɲ֪ɪķʦҪĿɲ֮ǰСףᣬõЩʦд֮Ĳá
ɯأľڿռûи֪ɯϢʵ
ɯǾסڿռڣִڱչ״̬ûʲôµĻɯǲ뿪ռġ
ظ⳥һֱ鷳ϣɯеĸ߽ʿȥˣ÷ܼһش
Ҫɯȥһ£е鱨ŵһ£ǲʲôڱ飡üͷ΢壬Ը
ҪԲ󣬵ĵһĲҵҪάġ
ǣˣ÷ܼӦ
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÷ܼҹ뿪˳ðһɽϣӥӰӶڿռɻ
תŲڵоȥչһʱ䣬Ҳ뿴ߵĽչ
ˣΡ˹նڿͣеĹ
ԣ˰Ŀ˴мĹ򲮶ʵ
һĿռľϵ֪˹ŵľ
ǵģˣԣΰʻ˿˵
ԣԶ弶Եܡ
ȥ弶ԻҪСһЩʵֻ۾ģǿռ򣬿ռڵĿռԵıڡ
Ҫ֧֣ԽǿԣҪԽࡣ
Ľ⣬ͨռ似ǿռӵϣΪṩ˼޵
µķɴôˣʵ
ɴѾƽȨޣ͵֤ȨޣԺƽȨ޾ʮּˣĿռ豸ҲƽȨޣ˷ܵ˵
ҪúѧϰԺһҪǵǳⲮǵĹЦŵͷ˵
֤Ȩ޵ķɴԼռ豸뿪о
׼Ӱӥ˵ȥһӰӥսɾʱõ´ʦڿռⷢ˼
һ߷ڴһ߿˽ռĿռͨ
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̾ķУѾ˽ӥƣǴӰӥһͬڵģӰӵٶҪһЩɽӥٶȸΪֲ
ӥһ͵ڴ
ɨ˽ӥһۣϧʱõ´ʦˣвԡ
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ǽӥҵս飡ܵ
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ʦһαչؾͻԼսʦģΣͳӰӥʦս顣
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Ӱӥʦս飬ɱλʮʦҪġ
ʦ֮Ĺϵжô׽սĿɿ
һЩ֮ĿܣսȫΪսǰ£κջһ㣬ʦͬ޷ġ
˵սʱΪҪʱԼҲκεԥ
̽żĻֻŵʦʸˣõ´ʦҡͷ˵
֮ǰսǻɱʮ߼ʦģʦս飬ʮ߼ʦӣ
֮ʦҪӣǿԽ˴˵һһûʵʵãûӵıҪ
ӵĻͱʵϾԳ÷֮Уֻʮ˼ŵʦʵ
ˣ׼һż̽ѰϵЦ˵
ʦҲżι㣬Ϊȷһףʱ䣬㿴ʮڵһ죿õ´ʦ˰ʵ
Ǿ͵ʮɣ⼸ϤһӰӥʵսʽش
ãͶڵʮ죬ףһвģרȥϤõ´ʦûоܾףᣬЦ˵
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Ӱӥսսָ˿ռֽԭеķɴȡ˳
ɴҵһԵ꣬ɴ뵽ռͨת˲ٳʱѾԵ
ɴַƬ̣뿪Ҳ뿪ĸǷΧ
ɴַųһҷɴȨתΪɴ
ɴص㣬֮òƽɴΪԡ
ɴ÷֮УҲڹɴ
ļˮƽͨķɴеͼȫˣе鶼ܹɵġ
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ھʦһӵУҲڱҪʱɴʦʹá
ҵ˹ʦΪ˼żҲɴ
İȫǼӵģԶ̺еķɴǰȫҪһ㡣
ɴǿ⣬ҪԼٶȡ
ӵһɴܹڴ̫ӵиǿ


451 
ɴɴĿƹĻ
Ȼ˵ĶƼʹϻʮּ뷽ġ
ǴӿƹĻϾͿ֪ɴļҪܣܣɨ蹦Ĺܡ
ͨɴɨ֮£Ҫɲףͨɴ޷쵽һ㡣
ɴȴͨռ似ܹɴǰӶﵽ׷ٵĿġ
˵ɨ蹦ܾ͸˵ˣɴΪҪĹܣǿɨԶɨӡ
żܣɴͬûˮһ㣬̫ʧ
̽ɴһĿռС
ֽռʽżǿЧ
ɨ蹦ûвԣĿǰòܣ뿪ɴɨɴս˴洢ռ䡣
ɴΪı÷ɴҪʱԷһá
Ӱӥ˳ӰӵϵսҪԣʮľܹɵʮޡ
Ӱӵʮľʮʦ͵ģĿǰӰϵʵʦСĴڡ
ӰӶĲϵʵʮ߼ġ򡯡
һӰ廯Ϊ֧ܣǹֲ֧ϡ
Ӱӽʮ߼Уǹڳʮ߼󣬺ɵľͳ
һǹڵĻﵽʦܵǹѹĻ
һɫǹмɳ
ͷƤһ飬овҲŽӽʮ˼
˵ʮ߼ʦǴﵽʮ߼۷ʦֻܹ䵱ɱ
һӣǹʧӰ»ָΡ
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ǽӥһȫչٶȣûдﵽʦ֮ǰӥٶ֮ͬоǿġ
֮ʵ̫죬ټˡ򡯺ٶȵõ˼ûٽӥٶȡ
ǰĽӥٶһͬǿ¼ˡ򡯣Ҳ޷ӥٶȡ
ӥӰһϢ֮ͳǧԸܵġ
ӥһϢ߷ɳ˾֪ΧȻ
ٶζŽӥٶȣȫǧͻȻǰ̽ûκεá
ӥлأӰڣһʮľӰӵгڽӥϡ
ʮľûʹκεطҲʦġ
ӥϲû֣ľ壬ľϵĻɫë
ӥû֣һëķֵá
˵Ĺһ£ʹĹԴﵽȼʦ
ӥϵĻɫëɫëɹʱɫëʮ۷
ȻӥɫëĵƣһĹ֮ûκεķ
ҪָȫĻɫëҪջȫָҪʱġ
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ս֮ս飬ǿ԰ٷ֮˵ġ
ӰڽӥϣӥճΪսʱǶʱǽӥģǶԽӥٶȵ÷ʽ
ҪʦôϤҲʹá
ʦҪصģս鲻ͬʹʲôսʽӥ˿ľܾ
˲Ϣǧٶȣֻص˵ӥٶѹƶֵĸоȫһЧֻѹƵĶʦ
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ãнӥߣʮ߼۷ʦҪʹá򡯣ҪʹǹֻӥϣͿԽʮ߼۷ʦѹơ
ǿԷϵʵȻиˡ
һʵ˿ʱ䣬ʱ仹磬Ҫɢɢģϵﵽӯ״̬ʱϵûʲôЧġ
ϵҲսʦʱ޷ˡ
뵽ɢģ뵽г÷⣬ûȥĵطˡ
ʱ뵽ʲô⣬ɯȥˣµҲȥ
ҲǼģ弶ûе̫վɫ
ɴȡҳ꣬⣬ĵ﷽ʽǷɴȷͨռ߽ͨ磬ǰ
ռͨӿռͨг̶̵ʱֻõ롣
̫պΪռͨĴڶü򵥣ȻûпռͨҪĺС
Сʱ˿
ڷɴĹĻϣǰɨ跴оʾϢڹĻϳ֡
ʽƬӴ󣬷ɴ޷ɨ赽ıԵ
ǷɴϵͳϳʾϢѲҪڣǿҵĵŸţ޷޷⴫Ϣ
ҲĿҴĿʮȷҵľԴɼ
ԴɼԵ
ȡԼݿ˾ԴɼȨޣҵ˾Դɼꡣ
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֮˵̫ջΪԴɼɴûʲôϵ޴뵽
һ̨̫йֻơ
žԴɼüͷ΢壬̨Դɼûй
ԴɼĹʽǲϵƣȻͨӴṹڲýзּ죬ֵּߵͲȵƬࡣ
мûмֵͨƬҲнƬϡٵƬԼ΢ĶʿְҵõƬ
ԴɼĲƸãǱֹ״̬һֱĹš
ǳˣҲû˾Դɼͣҷɴ
ݷɴıʶϵͳּҷɴȫ÷еķɴ
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֮ǰڱչأȻôܲɯȡ
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İĸ߽ʿĹӣӣΪص̬ӭĵ
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˵ͷλ߽ʿʵʮЩЩǱĸ߽ʿ
ԭ𣿡ûλ߽ʿֻǳʵ
ÿһʱ䣬ڵĵźžͻǿʹþԴɼòֹͣԱӰ죡ɯҡͷ˵
ɯ÷зҪ֪Ƭʲһʶ۸÷С
⣬Ӱ棬ҲͬӰ÷е档
֮ǰ߽ʿ񣬿һûеõκεջ
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ھǴڵźżǿ״̬𣿡ֹͣľԴɼʵ
ǵģ֮ǰһҪСʱŻָɯ˿ʱش
Сʱ飡˰־
ֻǺ棬û뵽鷳ûҵ
ԴɼڲҲûʲôÿģ˵ܹ棬滷ʮֶӣǻҺɫĽ
ýںúòιһ
ת˿ĹУλ߽ʿŹ״ֱ̬뿪˿̧ͷ
÷еĸ߽ʿ˵Ǵ˵е
÷һʱͽʦһǾϵʦִдɫʵţÿһλ߽ʿ۲ѣΪš
رϵ뾫ϵʦϢλ߽ʿҡ
ҲֻɯദϰʦϢǷӦȽ
λ߽ʿ˴˻һۣǵж˺֮⡣
Ҫ֪Ƕô֮£ǾȻûнԼԸ
÷֮У߽ʿҪͶһֱûлᡣ


452 
ͿԾ֣ʹÿһʿ÷ȻҲˡ
дﵽ߽ʿľٮٮߣܹﵽʮĸ߽ʿʿеš
ɲôţҲҪгɳ
÷еĸ߽ʿǣҪԴһǲеͨԼŬûرõԴ
ͶʦҲǸ߽ʿϣõ;
ͶʦףʦͶԼĸ߽ʿǷǳ޵ģԴ⣬ʦԸյĸ߽ʿʮޡ
÷УʮܳһλʦʹܹͶʦĻἫ١
ĳָ˺߽ܶʿϣǺܿ췢޷ΪҪô⣬Ҫôչأڿռڣ߽ʿҲûл
ɯʿΪʦ˷񣬲֪ûл᣿һ߽ʿɯʵ
ķǳȥ˵ص֪Ƿ󣬵ɯ̽һ¡
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жλ߽ʿЩ˵ǶʮӸղǵĳɾʮޡ
ɯԼʲУ۹⻹еģɲ뽫ϵĸ߽ʿ
λ߽ʿɯĻһϨ˽ѯʵ뷨֮ǰ˵ĸ߽ʿ֮ɫ
ǶɯܾǣǸоԼʧȥһμѵĻᡣ
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ھͬ㣬ϸСƬƯţƬʵӴ󣬲˼ΪŹֵƬӴơ
ľɨŨȼͣʦеƿ޷ȫӡ
ǾȻҲܵϸСƬӰ죬ֻþ̽ѶһЩ̽鷶Χûм١
ȻһĴΧ̽бһٶƶİ뾶һǧķΧȫ̽һ顣
ķΧƲ֪Ƕ㼯ɵġ
̽ٶȣҲ޷ڶʱ̽鹤
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Щִеĸ߽ʿ˵һɵ
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Ҷ˷Сʱ󣬷˵űԴͷ
ĺܺãһűͻ޷׼ȷҵԴͷˡ
˵űԴͷǰƬ򲻶ϵⷢǿҵĵźš
Щźپڵ⻷ǿͳ˵űÿƼ豸޷ת
ɫЩѿǰûжĸ֪֮Уȴ֪ǰжġ
ķҽռеĶڳķٻ˳
ķֵűĻ֮иоǳã׼ȷҳǰصĿռ䡣
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ΪģץԲλ
Բλʱƺʱ䵽ˣֹͣⷢŲⲻҪˣҵҪĶ
˼ʲô˻ֶΣֶεĿʲô
ļֵ䲻Сڣ֮ǰ˶ʦ
ΪĳһλʦⲢһ¡
ΪļֵôƬʲôصļֵҪôΪ˶Ը
뵽ʼԼЩˡ
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ξҵɱҵİʦ˹ʦ
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ҾȻôĵˣε̾һ
÷ʱǱŲκ鷳ú뷨
ô֪Уɱλʦһǿ
ҡҡͷôʲôãҪһеԲλû˵
ûܷʲô壬רΪ˶ԸĿԲ
ӦѾ뵽֮Уﻹƽ
ԲλתؾԴɼ
صԴɼʱԴɼѾָ˹״̬޴ڲϽƬС
ܿһƬƬ룬ԴɼҲ˳ƶѵ״̬
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ص÷ܲܲԵһ޴ռǰʾݿ󣬿ռڳ֡
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÷е鱨ǵһ
ʿʦһʮļϵ߽ʿǰ
ʿҼһⶫԲλȡ˳˵
ʿԲλһ㶣æȡһֻӽԲλ˽ȥ
ʦʿҪץǲҪƻ÷е鱨
ҪԲλô鱨ԣԼ洢Ĵ϶ᱻ٣÷еʧʹˡ
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οռ䣬ʿҲ
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ʦ̨űƷǵǲŵģú󣬵ʿЩɵ˵
Щƣǲûд
Ҫ֪֮ǰλʦڵ鱨֯ģڵκ
ǵҪ鷳Ҳֻǵٷ
ʿô϶ǵǲŵģ֤
ÿһϵͳһЩСϰߣЩСϰ߻ڱ濴ƽڲϵͳ󣬾ͿԿԴ룬ӶЩСϰߣʿָŹĻϵݽ͵
ɿЩ룬ŵʿרҵԡ
ʿҪ鱨ҵǲţ̨űƷ»õڷֵģָŵűƷԸ
Ϊ÷еʦȨ鱨Ϊġ
񽫻ǵһȼ鱨ȫΪǲŵĲҿȸĵ鹤չʿһ࣬Ӧ
˵ͷսĻֻҪǿʮ˼ʦʦԼ㶨
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ΪôҪ鷳ģҪһ
ֵȻǵоЩŹˣ޷󣬵ԽΪǵֵ
Ƭ䲻򣬵򲢲Զķ䷶Χˡ
ȴǼңԶҪͨĻҪʱɾǼˡ
ӵʿõ˹ǲŵϣ뿪鱨֮ĵֱӴݿϡ
صռǲŵϡ
ǲǵһ㵹ٲ޷ƥеǿ
ָһλʮ˼ʦĴڣͿ뵽֮С
˽ӥ֮ʮ˼ʦʱܹʮ˼ʦĵӥٶʱʮ˼ʦ
ȻҪһ㣬ʮ˼ʦʮ˼ʦƿطΧڣ޷ġ


453 ط
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ͬʱҪϵͳѧϰһ÷еϵطϵﵽʮϵطǸ߽ʱġ
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ܲλõĿռһڽ뵽ľ¥ʱɪķʦûȥ
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Ǽ볬ĺôӵۺĵʹʦѡԼսʽ
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ʹķҪ֪ϿԼӳֵķɲ١
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ɪķʦǲ֪Ҫѧϰطѧϰط˼档
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ӹսָ뵽սָڣһ֪;ڣϻһ˵Ƭ
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Ȼûп˵ƬݣֻǴϸ֪ԶϢЩżзֵı
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ףᣬΪϵʦ֮£оҪһδ͵ʦۻᣬǿ÷еӰףȻȫٰ죡ɪķʦЦŻ֣͵
ҲһҪ£ɪķʦչ֮ʱ˾ٰףᣬҪ˵ʲô뷨
ֳǱ÷еĵλԽԽҪˡ
ף֮Ǻ£ֵ֧ģ΢Ц˵
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ݿǱɪķʦһЩƬΣעбɪķʦ׿ڽ⡣
һɱЩĵҪҪˣĵôָϵ˵бɪķʦĵôϸ
ֻһֿܹܲñɪķʦϸµĽ⣬ǾǱɪķʦĵϵӡ
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ϵ˫Խʦһ棬һľϵﵽʮ۷壬Ҳ츳ıֵ㡣
ϵʦʱŶãɪķʦǷǳģô̵ʱоͽʮ۷塣
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ݿеݺܶ࣬ǱɪķʦΪʦۣΪ˵ϵ׼ģǼΪ걸
ݿеݣĵöİ
ɪķʦʮżʦľǻԶĵȫպٶЧ
𿴱ɪķʦĵ͵ɣֻһ䣬ĵòһԶֵ͡
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֪һԶǺʱֵģɿ˵ԶӦñ˺ܾã޷õôϸ˵
˵Ȥѹֱɪķʦ˵ΪĿռ䣬һײâǵ
âǾϵķţӵżصɫʡ
ռɽ岼õâǣǾһӻûʵʵá


454 
ɪķʦͳââǵ
гڿնɵϷ
ľɽϵʦԼʦͬ·ȫƿɲڲù˼Щʦֲ
÷ܼң㲻Ҫ÷ܼҪ˰˵
÷ܼæͣ˵˿ռΧ
һ߻˵Ƭеݣһߴսָȡ塣
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ľٿ£ֱɽ塣
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ھӳâ͵˲䣬ֲͬ˳ľܿͰ·һ
ֱΪԡľԡˮԡԣһľͲҪˡ
ջأڵɽ忪ʼͬԵɢ˲ͬɫ
˵ҺǰʦֲߣɽͻΪ˻ɽ壬еֲﶼջˡ
ԺʹҪֲֲﵽɽ壬ҲҪֿڻֲ
ֲﲢټֻǲһйԡ
ԭЩɽϵֲʦûʵʵãҲǾѡĹֲֻľɽ廹ԭ״
ɽ廯Ϊ˽ɫһжˮɽ汻ˮɽڲˮˮЩˮȻɽγˮ
ɽ屻صǣֲﻯΪɽֳɫ
ɽı仯۾ԶЧΪԾ
⻹ûнɽӵʼɢӵͼɽ֮γɡ
âǣϳɽγɵͼھϵгΪϵʿâǡ
޴âǽռڰɽԼȫΧվâǵķΧڡ
оܿռ֮УʼԾԽԽŨ
һֱ屶֮ʱŨȲֹͣ
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ҡͷЦ֮ǰΪǷݱɪķʦĵñâҪܶģڿ֮˭ʵжˡ
ɪķʦĵãϵԶڶṩ
âϵٶȣ׵ոľ
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վھ޴âڣʱâȫ֣ϵʦԣЩâֻװΡ
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ÿһλϵʦâǶвͬĸܣڹۿâʱƺ˾Ĺ֮
÷ܼվԶԶԶĲɽֱ仯޴âǸʱǾ֮ɫ
Ӧ״̬Щԡ
򣡡÷ܼҺܿ״̬ʲô
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ڽʦʱҲܹ״̬ǳʦжôҪǸŻʧܵġ
÷ܼԼȨ޼˿ռķ״̬ռķ״̬֣÷Ҳ˷Ӧ
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÷ܲλõĿռڣɪķʦ¶Ź֮ɫ
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ףھУܲⲿһʱռ򣡡ɪķʦһ
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ܹýӽһ۾ͿռҲΪǰʦһԵĿꡣ
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ʦеĿֲϢԷɴд˶Էʦݡ


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ȡɴŽӥ뵽ɴڡ
ɴ漴Уһʱɴ뵽ͨռͨı߽硣
һ뿪һɴ뵽֮ĸ
ɴٶȼ״̬ɲڸκһ֡
˫սҪСıܿսɨ裬ܹȫȹ
ɴԣɴרҵ
Ҫ֪ܶʱһЩԽ񣬶Ҫɴİȹġ
õ˫սǷֹгɹģ͵ɣʦɴǼѷֵġ
ĺУɴͨ˸򣬵ȻֻҪ뿪˫սѲɴǿԽٷеġ
˵ˣ״̬ٶȣʮҲ޷ɹ
ɴ⵽źʱҲͼϿĿǰɴλãѾ뵽˵ڡ
һΪʮ߼ϵʦҲ˿СһرһжԵ
ֻҪڵ򱻵ôȴľ޾׷ɱ
ʱ÷׶ʦݿԼݿȨã׶ʦô˵Ҳһλʦ
ڵ֮У׶ʦȨ޿ɲͣһʱͨȨ޻ܹģֻȨºҪ׶ʦһ²ܳΪʽȨޡ
ͲҪʽȨޣʱͨȨ޾Ϊܹڵзʹÿռͨġ
ʹɴǿʹõĿռͨ˵ʹùлһЩϢЩϢõ֪ʦڵڡ
ɲǼûмΪΡ
ɴ˺ϷȨޣһͨȨ޽뵽˿ռ֮ͨǲܲӿռͨ
ɴģʽǲܲǰС
ѾԿǲܲˣһƬɴССʮſռɵ̫ܲ
ǲܲһٹʱɴԼϢ
ϻһͨԻףǲܲ˹ȥ
λãѾ뵽ǲܲİȫϵͳΧݿŷ׶ʦȨޡ
ȨݿͬǲŵͨԱ׶ʦǲеȨڵȨǴ̫ࡣ
ݿȫϵͳĻɣǲŵһԱһǷ׶ʦš
ʮ˳Ľӽǲܲû˭ţʦ˴󵨵Ľ뵽ǲŵܲ
Ŀռ似ͬһΧڣ벻Ϊ⡣
ֻҪκεط鷳ִŷϢôִŵִʦͻ֡
ִʦ޷⣬иΪǿʦʮżʦҲ޷ڵ¡
ͽǲŵĻϢһ飬Щͨ׶ʦݿиġ
׶ʦԼݿȨ޽⿪ܶĲռ䡣
ٽ÷鱨ŵ鱨ϣǲŵ˺˽⡣
ʹþ鿴һǲܲͼѡһĿռ˹ȥ
һ׼ʦռרΪʦṩĿռ
ʷʦĺܶ׼ͳһġ
֪һλзϣʦĿռ򣬷ϣʦĵȼΪʮ߼ԣǲŵĵڶǿߡ
ϣʦҲǲΨһʮ߼ʦ֮Ͼʮ˼Ŀĵʲʦ
֮λʮʦ׶ʦųˣλʦǲܲ
ĿǰֻпĵʲʦϣʦĵʲʦܴˣǲܲϣҲǲŵĵơ


460 ɱ
ܹͨΪмΪſĵʲʦĴڣһλʮ˼ʦмΨһ׼
Ȼǲλʦмʵǿˡ
վڷϣʦĿռǰԼݿеһӡǣǷ׶ʦӡǣͬǴӷ׶ʦݿеõȨ
ӡǣʮ˽˵ӡǣҪ֤ɷ׶ʦȨŻЧ
ϣʦ
׶ʦҴһҪϢϢ¹Զż
ռݣϢûз׶ʦӡǣƿռϵͳᡣ
˷׶ʦӡǾͲͬˣҪзϣʦϵʽֻҪϣʦڿռУͿյϢ
˴ԼӣǰĿռڡ
ûгɣڷȥһھͱ˿ռڡ
ǵһƬɫռھͬ԰һ㣬һĻ԰һĸɫֲһȥּȵ
Ҳˣͨʿʦɫżصĸ顣
ΪռݵУ󲿷ֵ򶼱ˣȱǲŻɫֲϲ
˭ϣʦմˡ
뵽ռڣռİȫϵͳͷʵʵ
ʮ߼ϵʦҪʵ滹԰쵽˿ռڲĲ֮£ôס
׼ȷϣʦĶ졣
ιΨһɱˣҪɱǲŵʦ
ʦǷǳ԰쵽ģźܶơ
ƭ˷ϣʦռͨ󣬼͵ͬڷϣʦƿˡ
ϣʦۿҪ嵽ǰͬʱҲʹݿҪֿռ֮¸֪ĵʲʦ
ɾʱһƬɫռڲռڲȻСûдﵽһǧôš
ˡ򡯣ڡ򡯵£ռڲͬȫϵͳڵпƼȫƻ
ݿźţҲ޷򡯵ķΧ
ϣʦҲϸСΧˣֲųƷһԣĲϹ£Ȼܹŷ״̬
ϣʦɫѿоڵԼٶȼš
಻룬־ͻᱻƣһֱƺĽ
ķ׶ʲôϣʦд
ôз׶ʦӡǷϢϣʦô뵽ԼĿռ
ҪϢгԶżϣʦ֪׶ʦǰȥִʲôģô˴⡣
Ϣ÷ϣʦͷȣûжԥͿ˽Ȩޡ
ϣʦר̷ڴҪһʱ˿̽ԶżȷϢ
˵Ϊη׶ʦҪ˹ͨڷϣʦһΪ׶ʦڵ޷ӡ
һԶżʵ̫ҪˣϢͨݲȫ
رǷ׶ʦڵλãϢҪת͸Ӳȫˡ
ɷϣʦôҲû뵽ռľȻһλʦһλʮ߼ʦ
ʲôˣףϣʦڷݿ޷ⷢϢ֪ˡ
ûлػɲ÷ϣʦʱóʲôıƷѡ
ֻϵſֲƣӳš÷طŷϣʦֻȥ
ʮ߼ġ򡯣ʮ߼ľʮ߼Ϊ߼
ʮ߼ʮ߼ľϵͬʱ£ϣʦ޷֡
ƿ˲䣬ϵޱ̽˷ϣʦͷ­
û뵽˳ϣʦûʹñƷ
Ҳ룬ʦıƷô׻ãǲҲʲôܹ÷ϣʦӵбƷ
˵ǲˣ÷еʦУӵбƷʦҲǼġ
ܹһʦƷΪֳ츳ñɪķʦϣܹһЩʣͳһʦƷ
ҡҡͷˡ򡯣ɨ˷ϣʦʬ塣
սָȡʱŹעʦռڲ
ռУԭʮ߽ʿЩΪϣʦʮ߼֮£ڷϣʦǰѾˡ
ľҵֵֵĶʦ
ľʦͬԶҩһڳսսָڡ
˵ĶûٶѰûʦϢƷûзС
Ʒϣʦ֮սָڡ
˿ռ򣬡򡯴ݻٵʮָɾֻҪû˽ռڷ¾Ͳᱻ֡
ӷϣʦĿռ뿪ǰһռ
һûҪκεֶΣֱʹݿͽռڿˡ
ռǷ׶ʦĿռ˷׶ʦȨޣ˳ҲռȨҲȡˡ
뵽ռڣһƽ̨
Ƿ׶˵Ĺܼң֪ʲô԰ģʮļ߽ʿĹܼǰ
Ȼ˵ܼҲʶǰˣȻнռȨޣôȻǵõ˷׶ʦȨġ
ûܼңľɨ˿ռڣַ׶ʦĿռУֻһλܼңûˡ
һӣͽܼסڹܼҾ֮УȡݿռȨ޻ȡ
ռȨޣڿռ˷׶ʦˡ
׶ʦ䣬ռĵһȨȻ
ľ΢һܼҵͽˡ
ȡ˵ڵλʦɭʦĽռ豸ҪĿռռһ
ռ豸ŲĽռЧ
Чãڽռ豸˿ռǽ˫Ŀռýռȶ
ϧڿռĿռС⣬ռ豸Ŀռֱֻʮ幫С
һο飬ֱʮ幫Ŀռһλʮ˼ڵʦս
ΪԶżܣԸðգȻʧܣҲԴİգô
һо֮ʹ÷׶ʦӡĵʲʦһϢΪÿĵʲʦܹϹϰ취Զż֮ȡÿĵʲʦȤ
ڽռ֮Уˡƿ硯Ƭռ֮вʮ߼
ӰٻӰһͻΪ֧ܣǹ֧ϡ
Ӱڵʮ߼뵽ǹ֮Уǹʱ״̬
£ӥҲٻⳡսû˿׼ȫһս
ĵʲʦյϢȻ뿪ԼĿռ򣬵ڿԶżʱûȥ˼׶ʦΪҪȥ⡣
һ·ֵԶżһδԶżһǲŵԶżܹǲŵõ޴档
˵ˣǲܲڿĵʲʦϣǾ԰ȫġ
ĵʲʦ׼׶ʦĿռǰر׼һη׶ʦ˭ϢһݲСĽ
ĵʲʦ˿ռ⣬ռͨ֡
֮ͨʱѾһƬ֮С
ʮ߼缰֮ʱ岻ɵĲǻűԣܵʱԶ֣Ǳشˡ
ĵʲʦܵ˲СӰ죬ʮ߼򡯵Чԣʱʧȥ˶Ŀơ
䡯һ죬ĵʲʦ޷֮£ֱС
ĵʲʦϵĻֲɲһ£ʮ˼ڵĻ㹻ǿûбƿ
ǹĳҪʱģʱʵ̫ˣһߵȴӰ¶ǹܣһ߿ϵڼӳš÷ط֮£ſĵʲʦĻַ˹
ԼҲûţжһѾ޸Žӥʹáطʮ㼯ھ޸֮ϡ
ĵʲʦܿͿһضĿƣԸоʧ
һ׹֮һڽеģʹáطſĵʲʦ֮ʱĵʲʦϵЧҲҪˡ
ڿĵʲʦ򡯻֮ʱûǰģܵЧаʱ䡣
ɿĵʲʦһ㶼ţΪĸ֪Уľ޸ֻʮ
֮ǰǹĹÿĵʲʦġ
ǹﵽʮ˼ڣټ鲼ŵʮ߼磬ÿĵʲʦĻܵ˼ĳ
ҪǹĹΣĵʲʦĻ־ͻᱻƿ
ǹԶֻǱΪǼʮ߼򡯵ļӳ֣ʹԶǼӦеΪǼǹڹٶϻŲСȱݵġ
ǹʦʹʱ׼ʱ䣬޷ıġ


461 ǿ
ʮľ޸ſĵʲʦ¡
ĵʲʦŭôǲţԼн뵽֮С
ֻҪָʵаսʦɱ
ʮ˼ʦĵǿʵŻǲڸռһϯ֮ء
޸˿ĵʲʦĻ֮ϣ翨ĵʲʦ޸֮ϵʮûжκε˺
ĵʲʦû뵽ǣ޸̺ʵ̫ˡ
ĵʲʦûȫָƿ֮ʱΪܵ˾ȥ
ĻȷʵôͬĿĵʲʦԣʮʮ˼ַÿͿԵ
ϵǿĲ徭εǿ
εõ޵֮ԼĻһַ˾޵Ӷ˾޵ǿʡ
ϵʦǶʱ䣬ҲûзһֻӦ޵
磬Ҳõ˶ǿ
оϵʦʮ߼ʦһЩȻֻ࣬Ǽµġ
ģϵʦǿʮ˼ʦ
ʹþ޸֮ʱǿʱַӣֲþ޸˳ƻ
һûнĵʲʦĻƿֻǽǿȽһ֡
ĵʲʦڱɵİУԼ塣
ĵʲʦһгһԳ
ٶȼ죬ֲĻڳţƺַͨʽղŵıй
ĵʲʦžԵģһ޷ܿġ
ʮ˼ϵʦʹطһʵ̫ˣŵȼĲ࣬һԷӳٷ֮һٵ
ĵʲʦĻԳɨһӰһΪƾųӳĻԸ֪һˡ
Ӱڿĵʲʦеľ޸һ¡
˵ʵٶȣʮ߼ϵʦãٶȲûпĵʲʦٶȿ졣
ԼٶȣĽӥٶȡ
ӥٶȵж죬ȿĵʲʦҪϺܶ࣬˿ĵʲʦӳһɹܣ˿ĵʲʦ
һĵʲʦٴαķɳ
һΣĵʲʦڿ侲ʮ˼ʦƣ֮УռеĻƿˡ
һ˲оԼڵĻ⣬ռеĻơ
Ҳսģʮ˼ʦʮûʲôʵá
ӥٴηĵʲʦУ˷ȫǻ档
ǷΧڻĵʲʦƿأתĻ湥ֹǿʮ˼ʦЧ󣬵ȴʮ߼ʦܵӰ졣
ǳ˿ĵʲʦϣ沢ûͬеǰЧ
ٴܵ˾޸һʩչĻֻӰ쵽һٶȣܵӰٶȻǱٶȸ졣
ķɲϵʦȥ÷еطѧϰʦϵط
ѧϰ㣬͵õ˽
ϣһ÷طʮ߼֣һطһľ׻طټӡ񡯻׵ķϵķﵽ˿ֲĳ̶ȡ
˵ӰӻһطԼ򡯼˻Ӱ졣
ȻЩҲһ𽫽ӥڣӰӡӥĳٶһսλ
һҪԭ򣬿ĵʲʦĹǻԵĹڵĺѪ๥ŶĿԡ
ǴϿ˿ĵʲʦǻԣ¿ĵʲʦʵﵽʮ˼ڣǸսĵʲʦ
ǿĵʲʦԵɲѡڴʱʮ˼ڵʦս
սת˼״̬ĵʲʦϵܷһ⣬Щ⿴ܹһС
ǲϵ˺ͻ˺ʱܿĵʲʦĹͻʱ뿨ĵʲʦٶȲһǹ
ӵ˺ǹĴηοĵʲʦϵĻҡΡ
ĳˡ򡯲ʴϵıնֻϵϵ͵ϮĵʲʦĻֱĥ˲ٵĻ
ĵʲʦսѾû֮ǰֹۣǹٹΣĻ־޷֧ȥˡ
û˿İ취
Ĺ޷ʹ˶ʦط޷סͬȰ
ӥٶڲóٶȵʦǰһBugĴڡ
ĵʲʦȻûս뷨ڿôƬռ䡣
ռ䣬ֻҪҵռڵ㣬ʵȫһͿƿˡ
ᣬĵʲʦ޷ģֻҪһģôȴľǸĹ
˭ΪʲôҪңĵʲʦʵ
ͨս࣬ģʱҵ˴ķǽȫսܣʧȥսŻͣ֡
ĵʲʦҲԹʹݿȣݿϢʾ޷
һк·ˣֻʹһսָȡһӡ
ʦƷܹʮ˼ʦЧıƷֵ֮ߣǵ˾ǲʹõġ
Ժһģʧȥģһٱһĵʲʦһŭʮֲʵʹ˱Ʒ
Ҫ֪ΪⱣƷʵֶ̫࣬Ρ
ķ뿪ľķԸ
ſĵʲʦϳ˿ռ䲨ƺһͿԽ뵽һռ䣬ӽռ롣
ɾʱһռڿĵʲʦϣϵĿռ䲨ܵռӰ죬ûȫγɾɢˡ
ĵʲʦеıӹâ޷ʹˡ
ǱʹʧܣӲûбʹõεļӻʧȥһЩʱ޷¼ˡ
ĵʲʦûΪһԵıöˣûõıӶԴʱ˵Ƿһ
ʹñӣֵǹһĻ֡
һûܹסĳֻΪǹɢ
ľ޸Ҳˣһػ˿ĵʲʦı
ĵʲʦԻףԼ屻Ѫʱӿ
ĵʲʦǱ޸һǰɳڿ³һѪ
Ҳ¶֮У޾罫
ɲаɣʮ˼ʦһλǾǧϹβռơ
ϵޱ̽ɳӿĵʲʦĺԽ룬˿ĵʲʦ
ſĵʲʦʬ壬һ
һֱռսʵѹҪ⣬ҪӥӰӷ
Ķ֣ط롮ľ׻طƿҲ᧿Σ
˵ĵȼǵˣĵʲʦܹټֶһЩʱ䣬ս־ͻͬ
ʱҪܵľͲǿĵʲʦԼˡ
ľɨĵʲʦսָֽԻҲ
ʱ˽ռ䣬ռʾʱвһ
ռǳȡǿռ޵ģһĹ󣬻ǻӦ
ռ㣬ռ䲻Ҫǿƾͻʧ
Ҫսʱ̣ӳһĻռҲʧˡ
ҡҡͷλǹðˡ
ҲΪԶżͷԷȾ͹ˡ
ȻҲգŰٷ֮ʮİղŻģôˡ
ĵʲʦʬٴ÷׶ʦӡǷϢһʹõǿռȨ޷Ϣ
ϢֱʮĿʦ˹ʦιҪĿľǻɱǲŵÿһλʦ
˵λʦ⣬ͨͨѶٻؾˡ
ڣʱڷ׶ʦĿռ
ҵʦԼһʦû˿еֲսսָ
ĶҲۣڿռϢ
ϢǸ֪λʦнҪǷأ˵˿ĵʲʦϣʦڷ׶ʦĿռеȴǡ
ͬʱλʦ˵ˣ׼۵ʮأҪʹϵˡ
λʦǲʲôɵģĵطֲʲôΣ֮أܲʮ˼ʦġ
λʦô֪ʮ˼ʦûܹסǲţʮ˼ʦԼˡ


462 
ûеȴãȥһСʱռʹڵ롣
λʦͬʱжģյϢ󣬽е´Ҵҽ͸˻
ʲô£ôأʦڿǰռͨʱԵ˹ʦ
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дźܶʣʲôҪأҸء
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˹ʦӰ֣ͬΧ
ʮ߼˵ʮʦʮ߼۷ʦҲǺö١
һϢʱ䣬λʦͱɱ
вûʲô⣬ֻҪλʦأǵĽ־ǱȻġ
ʮʮ߼ʦڡǰû˿֮
ڲҪܵ£û˿˼ʹá֮ʱκʮʮ߼ʦجΡ
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⣬Ͳսˣʧȥеʦǲžһֻ׸Ҳᱻָ
гҲĹԶż֮£᲻ǲŴűݡ
շ׶ʦĽԶż֮£ǲŵоԱоġ
Ӱ뿪˷׶ʦĿռ̫֮УԵһռ
ȫʩչˡƿ硯Ϊ뾶һǧڣȫռݡ
Ϊ˷ֹκһźűžԵİգǲʲôͨѶ豸޷ͨһǧľ봫ȥ
ֵһ˲䣬ǲŵİȫϵͳ޷ʶǿʮ߼־пռз
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һܻܿÿռ򳹵ױƻռڵʻӿռɢ̫֮УγɼΪҵĳ档
ŷ׶ʦȨޣȨ޿Դǲž󲿷ֵĿռ
ҲûżֻҪš򡯣еʱǲܲ
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Ѿ˵ڶռȨޣӥһη룬һɱ
һռʮʱ䣬ֻ˿ĵʲʦʦ˹ʦĿռˡ
׶ʦȨޣɴ򲻿ǵĿռ
Ҳ·׶ʦţͬ޷ͬΪʦռ
ķͽӥռ򣡡š򡯣ķԸ
ķ˽ӥıϣӥɵ˿ĵʲʦĿռԣķͨԿռĸ֪ҵ˿ռĿռڵ㡣
ʹö̾ռƶӥ뵽˿ĵʲʦĿռڡ
һķŽӥ»ص̫Уָǽ뵽ʦĿռڡ
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Ӱһ뵽˿ռڣľųռڵա
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ȡõƷ󣬡򡯼ʮ߼ݻ˿ռڵһС
С©ʲôҲᱻʮ߼ɾ
䷳ĽһռɨõûõĴݻ١
λʮĿռҲһֻ˿ĵʲʦĿռ
֮ԽĵʲʦĿռΪӦþǲźڡ
÷УɪķʦûԼĿռʵܲλõĿռǱɪķʦĿռ÷йʦһе̡
뵽˿ĵʲʦĿռŨĻЩԾ
ĵʲʦĿռڣκεֲ۵ȫǺɫ¡
ҡҡͷ¿ĵʲʦʮ˼ʦҲֻ֮УĿռ䡣
ľܿ췢ܣһ޴ĺɫʯ壬Żľż̹֣ԼһЩͼơ
ɫʯ岻ӿʹĻŨȲϵ˿ռͬ𺣰Ļ
һ£ĻŨ̶ȣռŨ̶Ҫ
Ҫ֪ռѾõϵˣԶźɫʯ徹Ȼռǿ
ȻԶźɫʯֻĶЧԶġ
û˿ĳɣסԶźɫʯ壬̹ĺɫʯ壬ս˵սָڡ
֮ʱ˸װ
ԶƷıҪСģ֮ԲŽ洢ռڣɲϣһ췢ִ洢ռбڴ洢ռղƻ
ʧȥԶźɫʯ壬ռڵĻŨȻ½
λڿռλõĽӦþǿĵʲʦľˣɵĸ¶ԽڲӰ졣
һгŵİڼһװҶٶʦʹñ׼ġ
۹⣬еװҲղƷûһܹװȡ
ҲıҲչʾ
Ȼ˵ô󣬿ҲûŹľɨЩװȫ
ֻһ¥ϵ˶¥ָ磬ƻķ
һҵǲŵĸط⣬ͬΪϵ뾫ϵܹŽٸطУ
һУһֻֻʦҩרñ䣬ʦԴֿ⡣
ǲҪ棬ͱԼĵ̣ЩʦҩݾĴ
Щʦҩݺڱϵĵҵװ⣬װɱ·ĳƷҪϺܶࡣ
Ҳûʱ鿴Ǻöȫս˴洢ռ䡣
¥İ裬ò¶֪ǿĵʲʦճڡ
ĿеƷɨһ
˵еĶûһͨġ
õĲߣҲԶżеƷʲôģͬԶż
Ҳ֪ܹԶżбڵκһƷͨƷٶĹܡ
ڿ˿ĵʲʦĲƸ󣬲ԼǶôƶ񤣬ЩСķ棬ܹʾһλʦĵڡ
һ߿һֵƷЩԶƷʵһЩͿͬĵʲʦһԼľʹˡ
ף׼ȡһͨԶװƷʱȴԶװƷ޷洢ռ䡣
޷洢ռ䣬˵ԶװƷĿռ䡣
ľԶװƷɨ˺ü飬ܿͷҪԼҳԶװƷڿռ뷨
ķҳĿռ䣡Ȼķæˡ
ķľܿҵ˿ռڵ㣬ķʹ˶̾ռƶ뵽ԶװƷĿռ֮С
ռ䣬ܵµĿʦʵϢ
ۿȥһɫĿռ䣬һƬԼһ׳һ׿ʮ׵Ŀռ䡣
ͨĿռ䲻ͬһֲռ䣬ԶҩռϷɢ͵Ĺâֹâ֮£ֲ
ڿռ֮УֲʮʦΪƷ֣ÿŹ϶ʮöʵ
Ŀռ䣬ȫֲҩݣЩҩ֮һСʦϢһǴӵͽ׵߽ײȡ
һǰһУ뵽˴÷Ĵ˵
˵ÿһԼʦҩأǳڵĻ
һȫԼʦҩأΪڳõʱ䳤֮УʵҲ֮¡
һЩʵ½󣬻ᱣһĵ̡
ǲĵڣһʦҩء
ʦҩٶޣ޷ȫʦ󣬵ܹӵأѾǲűмҪǿϺܶˡ
ҪһЩʱ۲죬ܹ֪⴦ԶŵҩزΣǳҩضԺԴǼĲ䣬ŷǳҪ塣


463 ع
ԶװƷĿռгԶװƷˡ񡯻ڡ
Ȼ֪ԶװƷô𻵣ҪõıԶװƷܵһˡ
¥Ŀռ䣬ˣٷݵϵʦҩܿϧϵʦҩһҲûз֡
ҲǲſûоϵʦҪϵʦҩ
û㼸ʦսָҪЩ뿪ǲţһЩ뿪ܹİȫ
ô˵Ҳڵжڲ£ҪǵܵΣա
Ӱ˿ĵʲʦĿռ򣬿һ۱һǲܲ
ЩϧЩռļֵɲСûӦ豸ռȡֻˡ
ɨƽһĻɲ࣬ɹһ֮󣬻֪ԺŻĻᡣ
ٶͣȡɴ뵽˿ռͨʮ֮뿪˵ķΧ뵽˸
һҪ򣬵ǲõı֡
֪ã߹һԭʱĵ·ʱûб˫ս
·ʹɴ÷ܲĸСĵĽ˿ռ
ʦرע٣ǲᷢ뿪ռġ
Ϊ˲ٱ¶Ȼôãûڸʱ֣ôҲԼڵ±¶
֪Ƿ֪ǲŵоɹԶżܼСĻ鱨ǲйġ
ǲŵϵǲǱǷй鱨Ҳǲű֮Զż֮ϵһ
ˣˣ÷ܼǻһʱ֣˵
ûʲô°ɣ˵ͷʵ
ûʲôҪ飬ɯһЩ鱨÷͸ˣ÷ܼһش
ұչˣαչҪĸµʱ䣡ַԸ
֮ǰһֱ֮⣬޷յɯ鱨ϢֻҪûʲôҪ飬Ͳᡣ
ǣˣ÷ܼҵû⣬÷ܲĴ󲿷ʱ䣬ڱչжȹġ
ˣȥһСͿռΪռĸռ򣡡뵽ʲôַԸ
ʦʹõĿռһЩ鷳СͿռӦûʲô鷳ҪһЩǱ
˵Զż̽豸֮£еʦԴɲ٣㹻һʱˡ
Զżֲܵȹһʱ䣬ǲű֮·粨ƽϢ֮еʦԴҲĵĲˣٿǹԶż̽豸
ûлԼλڿռԵо
ˣοæͣеĹ
£ҸһЩо豸⻹һ̨ԣҪ취ȨãЦ˵
ˣһطȲøռ䣡¶˷֮ɫָһ˵
⴦о򣬾һʱĸ죬ΪоҪˡ
һķУʼ豸Ϊ˷ֹӡ
⴦ռ仹ϴΪƽɴĿռ䣬ռ䵹Ƿǳ
Ҫƽо豸Ǵõġ
Լٺܶ鷳һӣ˭֪ԻᷢʲôϢ
㵹ǿܵЦо豸ȡڸĿռС
οƬռ˵о豸۽ǲɳ鶯˼¡
ǿԿ϶ȥһСôôȽо豸
Що豸֮Уܶ඼ǷƷǱҿԹġ
о豸νƼĲ֣кܶо豸ǸģŸĻܳɹڡ
ԣ÷пÿһλʦȨһ̨ԣֻԳԵĴ
ܹӵԾǺģԵڳУҲǳΪ롣
Զˣ֪Ǹ뵱ˡ
û뵽ǣǲſɱңûнɱǲܲǱˡ
̨ȨޣԸڲϣԾͲˣָ˵
ǻᾡɵģεͷӦ
ԲԼλϵ߽ʿǼΪεģǻھϵԼ֮ϡ
λϵ߽ʿγ˹ܼϵʿ֮ľϵԼԱ֤Լϵʿİٷ֮ҳϡ
򣬵ƾо豸Ϳ֪ǲ֮Ϊˡ
˵ԣ²֮Ӧоݣоо档
齻Żص
ڴеϣΪԼһ裬εջǲõд֮ˣ󷽵ΪԼ׼ʦĲҶ
ʦ裬ֽöսָȡ
˿ĵʲʦսָսָУʦҩ⣬ûʲôˡ
ֻܹԶżޣʦԴҲޣʹЩʦľ󲿷ֲƸ˶һʦԴˡ
ֶ˽ٷϵʦҩԻǼֻһЩղƷԶǼס
Щʮʮ߼ʦսָûʲôȤǿĵʲʦսָ
Ҫ֪ĵʲʦǲŵĵλͬɪķʦ÷еĵλһ
÷еһԴڱɪķʦػ֮£˵÷еһԴڱɪķʦΪɪķʦ÷еǿʦеػߡ
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ľ뵽ĵʲʦսָУöսָǲСǳӲĬʦʬлõöսָ⣬һöսָˡ
Ĭʦʮ˼۷ʦǵīŵص󣬶ĵʲʦǲŵǿʦԴĴڡ
һֻװлʦҩĿռƿľռƿУƿʦҩĵȼǳߡ
ʮ˼ĵʲʦõĻʦҩȻȼˣҲܹ֧ʮ˼ʦá
ռƿнǧݻʦҩɴһ
ĵʲʦǽǲŵʦԴԼϣӵеʦҩȷ湫õһ
ҲǣǲŵʦԴǿĵʲʦģĵʲʦĻǿĵʲʦġ
Цҡҡͷеϵʦҩʮ߼裬ʮ˼һЩĻʮżԴˡ
Ҫ֪ԶǱͬʦٶȿ϶ʮôҪĻʦҩͬʦĶʮ֮һ
⻹ûԶװƷеЩʦҩݣܳʱÿϵʦҩ֮ˡ
ľֽ뵽սָУһЩʦҩʦȡЩӦǿĵʲʦ˽֮
һƷȡʦд֮һЩʦװ
˵ʵʮֵʧΪܹӿĵʲʦսָУҵһǼװ
ɿĵʲʦսָԼʹõװûдﵽǼģԶװûС
ڴ̫ˣĵʲʦһλʮ˼ʦܹʮ˼ʦʹõԶװ亱
еǹ˵ǹӰӵġṩǹŴﵽ˽ӽʮ˼ĳ̶ȣǹ޷ʮ˼ġ
ܶԶװų޵ģװĲйء
Ĭʦеġ콣ԼɽɽףⶼΪĬǳ㾡֮ȫ׶װ
ټϲĬʦҲǼģһݻǼװԼԶ
սָеĶһȡɨͷŵһԡ
һſƬó׼ŵһ֮ʱͻȻͣ
Ȼ֣һݿĵʲʦһݿսָУôݿеһǼΪҪġ
ĵʲʦǺܾû뿪ǲܲˣҪݣҪĴš
ݿУһ£ûԼ򿪣ֿ˿սָûҵмֵƷŽεսƷ㡣
εջǱһڶ࣬ЩǲŻ۵ĲƸ
õƷűźãվ·о
оڣΡ˹նڲŹĻڿǶûֹͣ
˵ͷһǸ˵
˻֣ʾǼ
λϵ߽ʿƽŴǲŵԣλϵ߽ʿоԱеĸ߶˲ˡ


464 ͳ
ǰǼ弶ܹ弶Ƽо
Ҳʱ䣬رΪʦǵѧϰоûκεƣ÷̻пƼǹˡ
ټԵİǵĿƼʵоԱжǸߵȼˡ
ƽһ̨Իʮ鷳ɶλϵ߽ʿ˵ʲô¡
ǲŵԣڲֶμӦԵֻ˰ٷ֮һ
ͨԼҵǲŵԣһǰٷ֮ٵܣһǰٷ֮һܣλרҵԱĸȻǱضġ
ʱǲƽĹؼʱڡ
ҲûżվһԣۿŲμ˵Ĳ
ڸ̾ǵĲ֪ǵˮƽߣһ޷ġ
ˣ̨ȨޱˣСʱֹͣеĲϴʤЦ˵
ǽģȨõĲоķһʹþͳɹˡ
£ǿеݣʲôõľ͸һݣҿݿϣݿеݲȡЦŻ˵
λϵ߽ʿ˵ͷѰݣǰӹݿ
ˣģʹݿϵǾԲģ֤
ݿԣڹĻϿʼ˲
Ȼݿڵݲôɿɱȡģʮӣβ˵ͷ
תͷûٿĻ
ܹӵݣǻܶȼߵݡ
ûⲮεĶžϵԼϵĲ뷨ôε꽫ܵ尾ֱε
ľڹĻ㣬˱ؼܹĵ
ǺˣʲôҪļܣһ̨õʮʱŽƽ⡣
ĵݵûʲôӵģһֱ꣬˵
֮ɫ⾹ȻԶż꣬ԶżǲŶеģԶżеġ
֮ǰӷ׶ʦݿоȡǲŵԶżϢϧԶżϢıֶʮָ
ҪԶżͼ밲ȫ·֮ʱݿԶɾⲿֵݡ
ΪĳԤİȫʧȥ˻ǲӵеԶżϢ
÷ⷽ浹ûǲŵı̶ܳȣΪ÷űƿصԶż
ǲֻҪֹץԼʦȡԶżϢĿܡ
û뵽ӿĵʲʦսָУܹҵһԶżϡ
ԶżϣеԶżֻ˵еԶż͵ˡ
ǲܲ٣˶ɱ豸٣ܹͨԶżϢģֻʦ»ʲô¼Ҳˡ
ռԶżͳΪ֮Զżϡ
עΪһŵԶżǰ˼ż̽ȴﵽ˰ٷ֮ʮ塣
עΪŵԶżͬǰ˼ż̽ȴﵽ˰ٷ֮ʮ
ٿԶżķʱ䣬ǳǧ꣬ζԶżмûжٵļֵԡ
Զżİȫ·ߣͨȫ·߸ȷһ㡣
ȫ·飬ͬķֲͼ֮ϣɼǲŶԶż̽
ַԶżͬ̽ȶ˰ٷ֮ʮмֵĻЩԶżеĲʦԴˡ
ԶżȤ󽵣̽Զż̽÷еЩԶżмֵЩ
ݿδܿ˾
÷У÷еõ˲ٵĺô÷жİǳ
δ̽ԶżȽ÷УԶżûжļֵ罻÷еУҲ÷еĻر
ݿ𣬿һæµλϵ߽ʿ
ˣѾ̨ϵȫ˱ݣԴ̨ˣһ֮󣬲˵
ݶ𣿡սһֻõսָʵ
ȫԴ֮ǰʹõ弶ԣ⽫һЩ鷳ʱͿԽⲿֵˡ
ˣЩкܶѧϰĿƼ䣬ѧϰЩݺܹоеһЩƼ˹ؼĻش
÷еĿƼֻƼһ֣ǲŵĿƼʹλϵ߽ʿ۽Ϊ㡣
Ҳܹĳ̶ֳϣӵг÷оԱļ
ǾͺãЦŵ˵ͷ
뿪оȥԼĿռ÷ܼû³ȥ׷ʱչ֮¡
÷ܲλõĿռ򣬽ľ¥þ¥һϢ
ʦɣɪķʦϢ˻Ӧ
¥ɪķʦѾΪ׼һʦ裬ν൱ˡ
ɪķʦιΪݿȡþе˱ɪķʦǰ
ɪķʦֽӹݿֵ˹Ļݿ
ڿݿеݺɫ˾֮ɫҪѯȴЩԥ
ЩԶټꡢȫ·Լ֤ϵͳȫ׵ϣ˵õЩݣ͵ƿԶż
ܹóԶżݣԿ÷ǼͬģĽеԼļҡ
ɪķʦԼóȻѯʵأ뷨
ǵǲյԶżǲҽ˳ҴǲõЩݣЩԶżϣΪұܣ̹Ȼ˵˻ǲ֮¡
ɪķʦǷϴЦݡ
鷳ˣʲô鷳ȻҪҿΪ㱣ܣɪķʦЦ˵
Ӧǻɱǲŵĳλʦϻݡ
ϽԶżϣҰʦȥ鿴֮ٸ㶨½ɪķʦ˵
֮²żԶżеģûʲôֵһڲˮ˵
һ㲻õģǲŶУеԶżȻ֪ˣȻҪһݣɪķʦЦ˵
Цдżȵ԰ǳľš
ҾͲˣǵ
ͳԶżϣԸоɪķʦΪˣоͳϵΪֵõġ
ɪķʦߺϵЦݺܾûʧ
ԶżûʲôֵǶһԣκһԶżмֵġ
ԶżΪ÷ʦԴһ֣Զżܹǧϣ˵ԶżųʦԴ
һҲԴпԶżڸʦԣֵĲ󣬵ԣȴʦԴĹ̶롣
ԶżӵֻҪȥ̸У÷пԷֵܴ󲿷ֵȨ
ҲȥЩǵжֻҪ÷֪Զż꣬Ǿͱ÷̸
Щ㽫ԶżŴԶżл档
볬ͬʧԶżжʧʧԶżͻʦԴľ޴ʧ
Ϊҳ¼ػʦϵʽ鱨һͬɪķʦһ鱨š
ҪЩػʦһ£ѹˣ֮ɳ̸Ա¡
鱨ֻҪرܵģ÷鱨Ŷͨ鱨׻ȡ
ûжãһϸ鱨ͷ˱ɪķʦݿС
ɪķʦϸ鱨򿪣һ۾Ϳ˵һµ鱨
֮ǰǲܲϮû˿£ǲػʦڵʦʧˣǲܲû
ּԵϮ¼Ǽٷġ
Ҫĸ֮УǿִʦڣһΧڣܵеϮֻҪźţͻִʦ
ҪϢĻһеѶ֮󣬲ͨʦġ
鱨֮У˵ǱߵĴԣ˵ǲŵĳλʮżʦʮżʦԳ֣ܲ
ɪķʦ鱨뵽֮ǰ֮£ͷƤЩ֮С
㹻ãʶܶʦǵһμ˷ʦ
ȷʵǵжΪ˳Թֱܲⳬ˱ɪķʦ
˵⵱лпĵʲʦʮ˼ڵʦҲˡ
ɪķʦҪжʵӳ̶ٴΪʮ˼ʦյ㡣


465 
ع÷ܲĵڶ죬ʱյ÷ܼҵϢ
г÷ܼҵ֮⡣
ˣԸռ֮ѾˣǱ˵Ǿϵϵʦͬʱӵʦռھ͵Žռˣ÷ܼҹ㱨
÷ܼԼЩ㲻֮ʱǱߵĻظǻὨһͿռ
û뵽Ͼ˱仯дϢǳˣӦøһʦռ
÷ܼȻ±ɪķʦ뵽С
ڵ֪Ҫһռ󣬱ɪķʦԸʦռ
ǲţɱһʮ˼ڵʦǲúֶΣӵ˿вʮ˼ʦʵ
ʵټ֮ǰֳĿֲ츳ɪķʦԼ÷оӦøõĴ
ȻʦĿռǾͽռԱߣռЦЦ˵
ӦþҹɪķʦϱԶżԼǲ֮ɵӰ졣
ǿռڲƣ÷ܼҽʵ
һҪʱԽɣֿһĻ˿ռԤ跽ѡеһʵ
÷ܼҿһѡĽ췽Ϊ򵥵ķһɽȫǻƽء
ھͿɣ÷ܼʮֿ϶Ļش
һʵ̫򵥣ûѶȡ
ǾͰŰɣ˻˵
ʱܿ͹ȥˣû÷ܼ㣬رµĿռΪֻȨ޽롣
÷ܼɯûʲô뷨ԭҪһռЩŹ֣Ҫ֪ռûбȫá
ȻҪһռȻͨôʦǿɲܲ롣
ǰһռ򣬵óȥԼһռͨԴֱӽһռ֮С
ռͨٳʱѾһƬ֮أûһɫռڲˮԴûС
۲һɨռڲĵ˵ͷ
ﵱȻǾסģ׼Ŀռ䡣
ǲŵĿĵʲʦԼĿռ򽨳˻ռ䣬ȻԭģҪԶźɫʯĹܣҪһĿռ䡣
ԭһͿռ䣬ͿԶźɫʯ巢һЧû뵽ܹӵʦĿռôĿռ̿ĵʲʦĻռ䡣
ûҪԶźɫʯиоҪεоԶźɫʯ壬Ҫµλϵ߽ʿո֪ʶ
ټԿĵʲʦȨƣԶźɫʯĹӦͲ֪ԹַЧˣȻѡʹõռԶźɫʯĹܣ˵ѵѡ
䵽ռλõɽԱߣսָȡԶźɫʯ塣
ǿƿɽ壬Զźɫʯɽڡ
Զźɫʯ뿪սָڵƣɽӴ֮󣬴ĳֻƣĻԶźɫʯӿ
ɽڵ˺ɫȻɽ˻ɽɽӰܵĵ档
ܵĵ濪ʼ죬ʱлӵ
һСʱʱ䣬ͱ˻ŨĿռ䣬޷ﵽĵʲʦʱĻռ䣬ŨȴﵽռҲԴﵽһ
ҲûżⲢԶźɫʯĲ⣬ԶźɫʯĹܷҪʱ䣬ܹռĻռ䡣
ſռлŵĻò˼죬ĻŨȾͿԴﵽѡ
ϵڤ뷨ռľ޴âľ屶ڤ뷨ٶȣϵŻռ䣬ϵٶ
ټгԴľʱ䣬ҪʱԼЩԴתΪʵ
ȡԶװԶװ޷ռƷ֮Уˡ񡯻׵Ĵš
ֲǿĵʲʦ뿪Խȱھ֮С
ľԶװƷڣͨЩĹ۲죬ҲǶһ׳ҩһЩ˽⡣
ҩأһȫԶҩء
ȡʦҩݺԼϡ
ɾȡʦҩݲãճԶҩλϣлַӡ
ӷúҩصӴ㼯Ҳӣ̶̵ļʱӾͿʼѿɳ
ӵ磬ٵֻһСʱ֮ǲϵҩݵƷʲϵ
һ£ҩתγһӵȡѭĻÿȡһʦҩݡ
Ϊ𺳣˵ʵǣҩһһʦҩݵջ˲ˡ
û뵽һջԴԴϵջչҲΪʦҩݡ
Щ˷ܵĿеԶװƷžǲˡ
ҲѹֿĵʲʦսָУܹôĻʦҩˣƺܴһֶͨԶװƷõġ
ȻԶװƷڵҩضڸ˵ǼıԴܹһλͨʦճˡ
һԣԶװƷҩصĳ࣬ҲǱ֤˼λʦĹĽࡣ
ͨʦճҪǵҩ⣬ÿһԴġ
һ³ʦҩݼ㣬һ³ʦҩݣһЩҩϣͿһʦҩˣҲʮʦҩ
ͨʦǹˣԶԶģʮʦҩҲʮ
ѾǼΪˣãɱλʦԼλĬʦʬ壬ջڵŬż̽Դ
󲿷ֵʦûһֱȥǶǲϵĽټ̽񣬴ӶõԴ
ǽԴȵһٽбչ
ԶװƷҪκεż̽񣬾ͿԵõÿ֮һԴˡ
Ȼ⻹ҪõʦҩƳʦҩѾڿǷԼѧϰҩ֮ˡ
žѵʮ߼ϵʦ֤ѧϰʮľϵ֤ԻƿҩĸӦ
뷨õ´ʦȥϢҩ֪ʶ
õ´ʦһҲСҩ֮¾Ǵ󲿷ֻʦѧ
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ʦҩ䷽Զи߽ҩ䷽Ҫʦҩ䷽ҲͳĶҲõ´ʦ֮ĹϵΪ׽õ´ʦŻ˵Ĵ󷽡
һȥչеһһҲѧϰҩ
ȻһʼʹʦҩݣǴӸ߽ҩ֡
ͨϵϤҩԣոִҩݵַҪǾ׼ƻ
ڰºʼһʦҩ
ϷڿУһɻĻƯǰ
ûõ´ʦˮƽһοʮʦҩûʦҩ֮ǰǲ᳢Եġ
Ϊ˱֤һʧľӵһöսָУһ
˰µѧϰϰϵʦҩżǿģ׷Ĳǳɹ񣬶ܹٷʦҩ
һ꾭ʦҩ븨ϱ֮Уϱ仯Ļÿһֲ϶ʵ¶ϱںϡ
ӵתٶȴﵽٶȣǰԤгϵı仯
ƹУһֱƿ״̬
ŻڲһʦϢεƵβ
ľȡһֻռƿһʱ̽еʦҩг뵽ռƿ֮С
¶Цݣгеʦҩʱ֪һƳʮʦҩ
ĻʦҪʦҩѣֻҪͨϵѧϰϰľϸٿͿƳʦҩ
ҪƳʮʦҩͲô׵ˡ
ҪƹУûһ˿һƫÿһֲϵҩЧӵ¡
ҪﵽˮƽʱƣĲΪۻôƾΪ޷Ƶġ
ͬǾϵʦ˻ľϵϵʦϸ΢ƿشﵽϵʦ޷󼰵ĵز
ϵƵĻľϵƲҪȴԸΪĸ֪ı仯̣Դﵽʦβܽľ顣
˵һεƣʱ䣬еʦҩݣ÷ܼҹõĸϣеĴʦҩתΪһݷʦҩ
ȻƹУҲֲʮʦҩⶼ˲ϵ仯ÿһγͬⲻٳ
ʮ֮ûгֹκεĴ


466 
չһ£վڻռɽźѪԼ⴦ԶźɫʯİڵĻﵽӯ״̬
ϧȻﵽӯ״̬ȴûʮʮ߼ĽҪĽٶʵ̫ˣ쵽ԻĹ֮޷ϡ
˵Ҫʮ߼ϵҪĹ֮ȥҪľ֮ȥ
յĵһһ֮ʱϵ־޷һ˿ˡ
ûж֮Ӧ£ϵڵǲˡ
̬ʮֺãȻ޷ϵڵôĻȫӦ޵
Ϊ޵ṩǲҪϵʦҩ
Դϵﵽʦ׺޵ӦĻǴϻϣԶԶ˸߽ʱ
޵˻ɵŨɢҲˡ
оԼڵ壬Ϳѹסʮ߼ϵʦҪ޸Ͽĵʲʦʮ˼ʦҲɸӰ졣
ڶ׶תĻȫע뵽˾޵֮С
޵̰ʹõ˸ǿ
һֱڹעž޵ı仯û뵽վ޵ľ޵ҪôĻӸ߽һֱʮ۷壬Ӧ޵ĻӴˡ
֪У޵ңңڡ
վޱǿվ޴ž޵ʱһҲڲϵΪ޵Ѱվ޿ɱǿˣѰȻҲ͸ࡣ
εĿЦ֪޵ʲôʱܷ
ȻҲЩӣһϣ޵ЩԶһϣ޵ķҪ̫죬õķʱܹʵõǿ
֮ÿһ죬Ρ׶ڻռнȫ͸޵
ڱչصʱġӢڤ뷨ﵽӯ
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ĸоУʮ߼ϵʮ˼ֻһ˿оԼľϵʮ˼ϵʮ߼ҪһЩ
ףԼҪͬϵʮʮ߼ɣǲôˡ
ҪȥߣԼҲǺܶʦĵᵽķ
ͨøĸ򣬴Ӷɱ䣬Իý
Լݿ鿴ɯ鱨ϡ
Ȼڱչ״̬Ҳһֱڹע
ֻɯ͸©˶Ե鱨Ȥ뷨ɯ鱨У鱨ؾ˺ܶࡣ
ǲŵĸǰӰ첻Сġ
Դչ˵飬ǲܲƻʵ̫ˣһпƼȫ١
ġ򡯶ڿƼԣһ㡣
ټĳֹϺݾûκεĻڣʹǲٰܲΪɰ
ȻҲĲҷżĹϵ鱨ʾҵĿĿ꼯ʮ˼ʮżʦϡ
ڵԿĵʲʦʵֻʵǿĵˣ޷ʾ±ɱ
¹ȥ˽ʬٵû֮ǰĵԣǲŻ֮µӰҲ˺ܶࡣ
Ҳٵȥˣ׼һˣ˳ȥ̽һǴԶż
÷ܼңΪйȫ׵ż̽豸ҵıչؽҪȥеˣ÷ܼҷԸ
˵÷ģڼ÷еĵһż̽ʱͱŵʦԸ֪ԶżĴڡ
ӵһûκƵǾǸооۣȥЩܴԶż̽顣
ˣȥ죬Ȿɪķʦ˴Ϣڽչغȥһˣ÷ܼҹ˵
һ֪ӦϽԶżĽˡ
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ǹ˵㣬Ҳر𣡡ЦЦ
Ϊ˸õ˵ЩŹ֣ôѿҲģٶκʦ⡣
ٶ࿴תλõĿռȥ
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ɪķʦиֻ̾Ҫʧһǰ֮ƣͻͽ֮ģͿԲϵĽȥδԳ
ʮżıɪķʦʦ̬Ҫԡ
Ҳ׼̽Զż֮ԼļѰЦ˵
Ҳ̫ףԼΪһֱû;ƿʮ˳ˮһ㡣
ȥȷģϣ´λѾʮ˼ϵʦˣɪķʦЦ˵
ллףаյ˵
ԶżλãжռԶżѾ²ڽƣԶżǲžӪķǳãÿʦԴǲĲ䣡
ԶżҲЩ̸ˣռ档ɪķʦܵ
вһռԶżҲͰˣԶż÷оȻռ档
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˵˶ڽǲ֮ܲϣûжٿܵ뷨
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ǲŻĻᣬһЩûʧȥȻˡ
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˵ʮżʦǷǱɪķʦĶ֣Ҳܷһλжʮżʦ뾳ġ
ʱʮżʦ˵ϱɪķʦˣɪķʦĻᶼûУͱʦΧɱˡ
θĽԶżĶɷֳɣٷݾϵʦҩҪ٣ҪԶżǳڵģʵ̫ˣɪķʦ΢Ц˵
ڱɪķʦȫԾϵʦҩţûʲô⣬ɪķʦⷽҪ
˵ˣݽˣԶżĶɷֳɣѾǼߵķֳɱˡ


467 ·
ȡԶż̽豸뿪÷ܲĵһĿ겢׼ȥṩĿܴԶż̽һ
÷ж񣬲ûн̽һʱ䣬Ҫ̽ʱ䡣
ɴռͨٴγʱѾıԵ⺽о޷ʹÿռͨ
˷ɴԶʻĿҪʮʱ䡣
⻹ѡȽϽһ뿪֮·ɴٶٿ죬ǼʺҲü
˹ĻϣԺ÷йʦĵȫ֮С
ټ̨ǲŵ֮Уԭͱǲŵʦĵá
ǾϵϵﵽӯҲûʲôЧҲûиǿҵĵһûıҪ
ÿֻҪΡ׶Ӧ޵ͣ
ʱ䣬ѧϰϣҪӶ뾫ĸ򣬳⣬ҲҪǰľмȡܽᡣ
ںеĵ죬ڹۿŹĻͶ뵽֪ʶ֮С
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֪һЩҷɴҪעΪ˱鷳õķʽǻݡ
ȻݲǱԼ֣ǱͿˡ
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ݣ÷УŻʮġ
ԷͬݣάĶײš
˫֪˶Էʵ¶ʮϵʦϢʮ߼ϵʦϢˡ
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̫ߺװλʦֻܱ֤ӵɴһݻڲռ䡣
̫ߺɴβͬʱɴϳԶͼƣ÷ɴԵüء
̫ߺŽռͨٴӿռͨ뿪ʱ˵ıԵش
ʱ̫ߺŲʾٶƣǿ״̬ԶͼҲӯ֮£Ϊ֡
٣ټ٣̫ߺɵĳɴ٣ڲϵļ٣մﵽɴٲȶ
ǵִ׷ĵڣ̫ߺǵִר׷ɱߣɹ׷ܶǿʦ
еͨʦֵõִ̫ߺŵģ̫ߺٶԶŷɴʵ̫ˡ
ȻӵɴĺߣҪɴĺо룬̫ߺţֻ첻ͽ뵽ɴĺߡ
ɴ켣÷ʦԸ
һʦ̫ߺŵĿϵͳ̫ߺŵԶ豸֮ǰзɴϢ
÷ʦ¶˳صЦݣ̫ߺ˷ɴɴл˺ߣҲᱻ̫ߺŵϵͳ֡
÷ʦ̫нɴ𣬿ɾǽɴҲ˿


468 ׷
ɨ裬ɨ裬оģķҲˡ
׶ʮСʱûнɨ뷨ʶĶԼľ
ָоʱΧʹþֿԾϵ֮ĸ
ֻ֮оȫھ֮ϡ
֮ļ뵽רע״̬ķǲΥ־ģż
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һں֮һλʦѾǼСĻˣ⸽ʲôżʦڴ˴û
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ôֻһֿܣԷĿĵģĿļп
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̫ߺû˿٣׷ѰɴϢȥ
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ҲľΧԶĶˣɨ赽̫ߺź̫ߺһŵٶȽӽš
ʱٷ֮ȷġ
ֻףΪζԷ֪Ҫ֪÷ǱߣҲ֪̽һƬ
Լ˲ٵԼϢȫǷǳӵġ
̫ߺŵٶȣ֪ԼӲ̫ߺ׷ġ
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һ񡯻׳ϣӥҲٻ˳Ľ¡
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ʮ˼ڵʦŨϢ
ɲǿĵʲʦʮ˼ڻԣȻԻżǿĿԣϵġ񡯻ҲͬԻرķ
ȻʵҲ뿨ĵʲʦսʱˣǾϵϵﵽ˱۷塣
ûٳӰӣĿǰĻ֮£ûаսʦ£;ܵӰӵġ򡯡
Էʮ˼ʦ⣬඼ʮ߼ʦӰӳˡ⣬ս
̫ߺͣһٹﴦλʦ̫ߺ̫ߺһ뿪
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Ϊ̫ߺԶУȴսٻ̫ߺš
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ЩԶЩʹ̫ߺſ׵ĳ忪ǽ
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ӥȴǲϵĿ̫ߣ̫ߺŵǰһǽ̫ߺŵľԽԽǽǿҲԽԽߡ
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ĹģŲκεʧġ
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ҲˣûκεӦҲÿͨƽķʽ
ѵԶżʧȥԻûκεİȫϵͳڣԶżڷ˳Կʱ뵽һֿԡ
ԷǳľƬռɨ˶Σȷʵûи֪һ˿Ĳ
֪Ǻ»ǻ£˵ǺΪ⴦ԶżûκôԶż͵ڶȫš
пǵʱƻ⴦Զżϵͳ
ҲͬΪʧȥĹӦпܴڵʧȥӶʹʧء
ûпƵأھٰ󣬻ʲôõĶҪˡ
ţ˴š
鿴˷˵Ĳ¼ַǸݾżİȫŽṹеĿ
ڰȫû֪ṹķ˸׽ȫſ
˺˼˽ȫƿ˵˫Ǳ߿ʼɨ衣
ʵþΪ٣ûˣûжϳǷȫ£ɷ̽ѵѡ
˴ȫţһֱע̽ĹĻȻȫһ²һͬû˿Ŀռ䡣
˴صݣʾûκεΣա
ȫţһǰһƬռ䡣
Ƭռ߶֮ǰĿռһ֮һ޴ѷ죬͸ѷԿɫ·
ѷ·ִĹܵԼСһЩܵɵľ޴豸֪豸ãĹ۲ȷԶŵĻ豸
⴦Զżʧȥ޴ѷйأ޴ѷп˲ֹܵý²֪ж豸ܵ𻵡
һƬռ伫ΪտûκƷڡ
²⴦ռƷ޴ѷˡ
аԿϧԶ֮ǰռжϣҲƷҲǼΪġ
ǰ˾޴ѷǰ޴ѷ죬Դ޴ѷ쿴ɫޣδ֪Ŀռ䡣
޴ѷýǰĵ·пҪͨͱӾ޴ѷϷͨ
һ˵ķװÿž޴ѷϷȥ
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ҷʧȥ˿ʱܵĳǣ÷˵뵽˾޴ѷ֮С
̽⴦Զżʧĵһֻˣڿռʱǿҵв֪
޴ѷĿռֻǶԷвҲͬв
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˿ɲֻǱݻ٣ڴݻٺ󱻴͵δ֪ռ䡣
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ķȷĻӦԴȫͨ
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ϣ֮ĿռûܵƻɲϣεԶżֻ̽һѲóȥʦ
һεľ飬οȫŵٶҪһЩ
˵ľݶ̽ڣΪ˷ֹ˱ٺʧȥ̽ݡ
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뿴Ƿˣưܵζֲ︯ܵζ
ǰȫһȻǰȫģûһΣա
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ʧȥӦ£ĳֲʧȥ˹ʼԴռ
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һһȻûʹþϵʦطɵʮ߼ľʮ߼
Ѿʧȥ֪˶õȻԵֵסľ
ϸ۲֪ԼСⲻ۵ˣҲ
ʵֲܹУֲȻô򵥡
⴦ʧȥӦҪȥͱһʣֲеȫΪȥ֧š
Уһα죬ϧղô죬޷֡


475 ɴ
ûдϸ֪ʦϢô֪ܲʦĲϡ
ԴϢЧʹڵʦ޷֪
Ȼȷ⣬ȻὫ
ľʯԶҩǿߣȴǳ֮еġ
ԶҩѾʯľ֮Ҳɱƿ
׼ռݵĿռɲСд洢ռ䣬Ҫ취иˡ
ȫ˳ľס΢֮£ûбս洢ռڡ
һ˵ڴ⻹ֲͨ࣬
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ʹþϵޱ̽˺ﵽ˳ʮ߼۷ʮ˼ˡ
ϵޱ̽͹иţÿһζһкۡ
˵޷ƻ͹𣬶ǲƻ͹еĶ
͹֮ƿĶһöӡ
˵ӣĸ֪иһöͬӵѡ
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Уڵǳ΢ȥٹһЩ£ӵɢˡ
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ԶΪȥռܹյʣȫճΪ֡
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΢΢һж˻ɽܣⲢС÷ǲŵԶżϣ֪ԶżĿ֮
ҪСκԶżĶУڶʦΪ˸Ĵۡ
ʬкûκ쳣֮ɵһ
ָŷʬԣʬϴ
Ƶ֯ڲĽԼΪϵͳ⣬Ƥ뼡ⶼ֯
÷˿ԷһЩõ壬Ҳʦ̽Զżʱϲʹ÷̽ԭڡ
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һԶŵĴͷɴ֪Ϊλ뵽˿ռڡ
ûи֪κԶŴͷɴжϣӦʧȥԶŴͷɴʧȥƶͱ⴦ռڡ
ֿһԶʬ壬ͬĴţֻһŮʬ塣
ԶŮڼʻϣļһ㶼֮ǰǾԶʬ㡣
۾ԶŮԵƣԶŮƽǰһֻԲ
ٿŷԶŮǰ׼ȡֻԲԲͻȻ
Ӱһˣиǽɽ𣬲ʱ׼ɽз
Զ155ŵԣ뱻ãǻԲ򴫳ǰЩߺ͵ġ
ûΣգԲ򣬷ԲûжŷˣǶߡ
ԣԶ155ŵԴܣ⵹ԶĿƼˮƽǾٰʱ䣬ټԶ155Ų֪ǰʧȥԴҪҲס
ã֪Զ155ŷʲô£Խʵ
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ڶγάδʧ˴ά޻˺󣬽ά޳ԡ
375621722꣬ıľҳSֲ죬ͨҵİȫű
ע뵽УԱ֪Զ155ŷ£Զ155ûκγɵĻش
뵽Ǵƻľ޴ѷ죬ķĶ̾ռƶ޷ͨǵ޴ѷ졣
ҪάǾ޴ѷ죬ɲά޻˿ģҪȽ޴ѷڵĿռòС
˵Sֲ죬ӦþԶˡ
ԶŮԵʬ壬ٽһԶԵʬ壬λԶǿߵ䣬޷ġ
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һţһȡһִǿռڼȡ
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ǳֲڵתΪ֮һԶ155ŵĲϵͳԶ155˵
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Բ򷴶䵽˵棬ʧȥ֮ǰĹһͶӰڼʻС
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֮ǰû˿ԱȣŷԵ
û޸Զ155ŵķ㱣˶ٰ֪ʶʵ
Զ155ŵ޸Զ155ŵ֮£޷޸ģҪһ׿ռܹ޸
һ̨ԣڲ֪ʶֻзɴص֪ʶ˿ʱȡش
Իÿռ׷ʵ
ҵݿռֿ꣬опռص
ǰһ֪ռֿ⻹Ƿڣϵͳдſռֿ꣬ôͱȻֻ
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ͼ֮ϣһǵ˸ţÿǵ϶˵֡
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治һģ˵ͼ֮ǰͼ
Ҫҵͼϵ꣬ͱ뽫ͼ¼㣬ͼתͼ
ˣ£ԹҴ󲿷ֵ벿κεط鿴ͼָ꣡ŵ˵


476 ջ
ٶȷ𣬷ɵԡ
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żԣӦñҪǿܶ࣬޷żĿֲġ
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սװ̨ףԼ
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ͬҲһԣһԣλԶǿߵװ
ĸ֪У볤ſռеЩǴӴ򿪵İȫŴġ
ɫĸȷʵʮǿɹҲɫĸʵ̫ˣʹλԶǿڼʻ޷
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⣬ԵԶװǿõϣָͿԴϲˡ
ҲûпԶսװսսָڣսָͬԻָ
Զ155ŵİȫϵͳǷܹԶսװ뵽˰ȫϵͳʵ
Ӧ㣬Ŀǰ޷ȫϵͳش
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ԭ㿪ȫϵͳܹԶ155ŸΪȫҲǶˣ˵Զ155ŵλ֪滹ĸţҪԶ155żܡ
Ȼãٴγֿռñʦ֣ôпй©Զ155ŵܡ
ֿ̫ˣŶʱڻʦ̽飬ǡԶ155ŵĿռ
Զ155Żʲôʵ
Զ155Ż̨ά޻ˣάޱòϣһ̨ʳɻգգһҽƲգ£ԭеֲãص
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Ȼ֪յԶ155ܵ˺ʱվͿˡ
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λǰˣʵ̫ˣǵռѷ콫Զ155һΪǰ󲿷֡
˵Sֲ죬λǰʻնܳˡ
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ԾżʲôʮȤģļʶ
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ʳǸ״ڲʱԹӪ
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ЧΪײִԣںܶ׼ʹõĲִ׼
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״ʳУζͨͷԣĴԲøС
жϸ״ʳζǼµζǵΪǾżʳԵƭС
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ַٶȻھżû㹻£Զ155޸õô
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ѡΪһ꣬һЩ鷳ڵڣ򲻵ѣǲǰġ
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ҲûеڶݣҪȥĻǻҪ취㵽һݿſԡ


477 ָ
ʻ̫ߺţٶȿʼ֮Զ֮ʱܸʦҲص˲ǡ
ܸʦһصǣһ¾ǷһϢʦԼ˾ĸ֮档
λʦһĬٶǰ߼Ӣ۹ͻȻĳ֣˷չ뵽˴С
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ڴһЩҪʱԾľͻԶ뾫ĸʦ֪ǵľʾ
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ֻǲûȥ£һô֮ĹӢ۹Ҳó档
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Ҳ޷ʦսⲻǰʦСΪ˱òȡõĳɹ
λʮ߼ʦϵƷʵһȫɱһ鷳ż˲Сջ񣬳㱻ͬеλʦɱһλʦ֣ɱλʦЩλʦ͸ҵģܸʦָϵĶЦ˵
λʮ߼ʦλֵʦʮ˼ʦѽʮ˼ʦ֣ҲڽսƷȫ㣬λʦ˭ʦҡͷʵ
˵ʵǽܸʦϵı棬ʦҪΪܸʦڿЦˡ
нܸʦĽͣټϵЩƷʦòŽܸʦĻ
ֵʮ߼ľϵʦҪ֪˭ǾҪˣҴģܸʦ̯̯֣ȡһֻսָ˵
ʦӹսָĿЩͣʲôʱսָͬײһˡ
Щ߼ʦսָҲֻһֻѣʦԼӵиսָ
սָϵľֿ˽ܸʦ
λϵʦƺ֪֮Ĺϵ⾫ֻҪʦͿԽ⿪ȴҲ͵͵򿪣ҺܺǾϵʦ˭ܸʦҲɻ˵
ãҲܺλʦ˴󷽣ʦͷ˵
ȻǼģҪ˵öսָڵƷֻϵƷͿԿʦԲûж⣬ǼѺá
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Զ̫кеУһʱ䣬֪ܸʦѽսָ˲˰ʦС
ܸʦڰ·ϿսָͨԼĸӦҲǻᷢġ
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ǽܸʦ˽Կսָһμ棬ͲٶԽܸʦκεİ֮ˡ
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ôطܸʦɴ۾ŵ˵
Ȼʶططκĵ̣رڶУط٣ȫС
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ˣͿԸʿǸѡ񣬶ΪĶ޷Ǳ
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ĳ̶ֳϣ߽ҩ䷽ʦҩ䷽ҪΪ󣬴Լĸ߽ҩ䷽Ҹ߽ҩ䷽߻ܡ
ָ߽ҩ䷽ֻҪλʦո߽ҩ䷽ӦĲϣͿԳ߽ҩԲ߽ʿżҪá
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Լĸ߽ҩߣӴܹ֮г߽ҩǲʿһҪ
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Իףʦϴ˻֮ɫ
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뵽żԣݿӦòʲô¡
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¸߽ʿʱǿ״̬Ҳʦս
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ľͷź󣬼ɴеʿʮ߼۷Ŀֲѹˡ
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ܣҪ˲ƽɴȨޣ޼ϵĻظܲѯǸġ
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ˣռֿǿӦ⴦ǲģҪĻһڸǿռֿĴڣܿظ
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ֻǶһСֽţõѵʱ䣬޷õ£Ҫڵ֮ҵɲס


481 
̫պУΪĵһԶ
ڵڣҽУȫ̶뱣ߵľ衣
ԶԽӥӰӷųԳ䵱֮ãڷΣǰ֪ͨͨ
ڵڣ˵ĵǿͨռֱͨӳֵģʹûκεĶʱ䡣
ȻҲȫͶ뵽֮УſԼľķͨľ۲žΧڵĿռ䲨
е˳֣ҲͨռͨôķԿԵһʱ䷢֡
ֳһ񣬳˲⣬顣
ʱͨĶĵá
ô죬ѾҪʹˣΪȫԵãԭڵҲƲоһ顣
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ԶŮԵ彫Զӵ֯һ֣ŻûκųԶӽڲǿµķû˿á


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ѿԶӵı棬һϸϸϸϸԽԽ
ϸϸԶŮڣҵѪܣѪвϵš
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ҲǾ߼ģ緵ʱͨ߼Ŀռѷ췵صġ
ʱͷ֣ռѷм޵ģĸ߼ҲǿʮͨЩ߼ĿռѷҪǿһЩҲܹͨʮ߼顣
ܹͨʮżĿռѷ죬ʲô
ĸ߼ֻҪһλʮ˼ʦͿԷø߼һߵͻơ
һʮż֣ҲҪʮżʦѹһλʮżʦΪ˭֪жʮż֡
жУҪʮʦػܹ֤һİȫ
δʮʦĴڣ֪ǷжʮʦԿ϶ʦȨ޿Բ鿴鱨֮Уûжʮʦ鱨
뵽ʮһεսýʮ˼ͱˣҪҪٹʮŻμֵȼս
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У̫īʦʦֱʦΪǣɪķʦᵽʦʱеĳ˾֮ɫ
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פ֮ţ߼ûжʮʦһͬפأ̫ʣʵ
֮ŵĶʮػʦֻаǣ߼ָģ°Ҳ޷ܾҲ֮սƽ⣡ɪķʦдһ֮ɫ˵
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ԭʮ˼ʦڴУҲǴﵽ˲μ֮սı׼ѣ˵߼ȣҲŰ߸ϵĶʮʦ
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ת뿪ĿռڻصԼĿռʱݿյҪϢ
ݿϵϢ÷зĹȨϢϢһǹϢ÷еÿһλԱ
һϢǷģ֪ͨ÷еĹȨѾɹ
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ǵģˣ÷ܼϵЦݲá


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ʻУӥţ̫ߺڻ̫һЩ
ӥϵϢѾʮ߼ˣǽӥӰӵϵʵҲʮ߼
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Ҫ֪ľĹУûκεƿǽн׻ǽ߽ףҪȼĽ˳ͻƣͣʱ䶼Ҫ
ҲڳԽ̵Ӣ̻Ҫܾãǻ۵׻ǷȱһЩ
ڲҪʵ˵Զ155ŸΪУΪԶ155ŵ޸ϵĻָ
Զ155Żİָٷ֮ٵҲΪṩҵıҲͿԽˡ
ܵӥίЦЦսսָڡ
սָڵĿռ㹻󣬵ܹýӥһЩ
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ܿͷɵԶ155ŵ괦ķ˶̾ռƶ뵽Զ155ڡ
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Զ155Ѿ˵ԶżӦ˵ķɴ
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Ҫ㵽ҩӻǺ׵ģʦҩԻãӦӲʲô¡
Զ155оһʱ䣬ҲԶ155Ÿ²鿴һԶ155Զ155ţȫͬķɴ
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˵зʽķɴԲǿƽøĺٶȡ
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Զ155ȴǲһַʽԶ155뵽Ŀռв֮УڿռвпԻԶռİٱٶȡ
Զ155ŻܹſռͨڵÿռͨĿռԾ


488 
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Զ155ŵܺڼʻϣѡһλãҵܲǧľ롣
ȷĿֹͣ˰Զ155ſʼĵһκС
޷ܵԶ155ŵƶϴһƬ޵ĺɫԶ155ŵɨϵͳʾͬǿһ
ʱܹռвкеķɴǷ񻹴ڶǸʡ
Զ155ɨϵͳڿռвеɨ裬ùɲǰǰ磬ڿռвôͬеķɴ
Ȼ޷֪Զ155ŵƶǰȫϢͼϣȴԿԶ155ŵĹڿƶš
ƶٶ֮죬ожʹÿռͨٶȣҲ̫ʱ䡣
Զ155ռеٶΣԿ϶ٶһᳬ̫ߺš
ΪԶ155ڿռвеٶȣ̫ߺŸ߳ٶ౶
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ҪԶ155ŵʵʹÿռͨȴҲڣҪִƻٳԡ
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ʱԶ155ڿռвУʹ޷Զ155ŵĴڡ
˵ˣԶ155ŵ˽⣬Ǿɨ轢Զ155λõռɨ裬Ҳ޷Զ155š
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Ż˹ʦͷ­ǿѹסŭ̽˹ʦԭ
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ûǱȥ鿴Ϊ뵽ʵûнʮ˼ʱƾսӥٶȣûа취ռһˡ
˵Ѿʵʮ˼ϵˣʦ²ǲܹԼӲӲս
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Ԥϵıô󲿷ҵʦ֮ͣܲУǷֹЩʦ֮¡
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뵽ҵĽ룬ӦʹõԶ̹
˵ΪԶ̽˾׼Ĺһɱ˻˹ʦʦ޷ԭˡ
ʦץ˻˹ʦʬ壬ܲλõĿռȥ뵽ռڡ
ڻǹ֮󣬾½뵽Զ155ڡ
Զ155ŲҪķİԶ155רõĿռ䴫ͣԽԶ155ڴ͵ռ䣬ҲԽռ䴫ͽԶ155ڡ
ֻռλãԶ155ŵһΧڡ
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ҪǾ̫ԶˣʦķӦ죬ܹʱܵġ
ʦŻ˹ʦʬǰλõĿռ֪ӦȥҺڵʦˡ
ƽĿŰȫϵͳĻ棬ȴźڵʦ֡
Զ155ƶУһ㵣Ļᱻڵʦ֣Զ155ͣڿռвڣΪε״̬ڵʦǲֵܷġ
ʲôˣڵʦȥ÷еıɪķʦĲϣľ籾ɪķʦŽĸʦԼʦеʬʵ
ȻаȫЩ¶ɸʦģڵʦԼͲˡ
˺ڵʦͣȨû뷨òȨȻҵȨĴڣôҲ޷ıġ
˹ʦˣԷʹõԶ̹һɵ˾ҵܲĸţϣԳֽҳҵĸλʦ޷뿪ԵĿռˣɵĿֻž̫ˣʦ㱨
ǳԼȨӺζźڵʦ֧֣ԺڵʦĹ
ڵʦɫһ䣬û뵽ҵһᱻ˴ܲ
ܹȥᣬܲİȫΡ
ҪǺڵʦȥܴ£ôҵǾͻֱˡ
лɶ𣿡ڵʦŸʦʵ
ڵʦԽԽСľ裬˸ڼſɱˣһֵģҪ˽ж


489 ˫ɱ
п÷еʦΪʦӦ˺ڵʦ⡣
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ȥҳʦɳˣڵʦ˵
һλʮ˼ľϵʦҵ˴Ҫôܹͽ⣬Ҫô׽򽫻Ǽ鷳
ڵʦӰ䣬˿ռٶȼֲһ߿ɰȫϵͳṩݣһԶȥ
ĸ֪ȫֻҪκεĺۼܹ
ҵȫϵͳϣϮʱ䣬ҵΪĵɨ跶Χڣûгʹÿռͨķɴ
Ҳ˵Ϯҵ֣Իţû뿪
ڵʦݣɱȻٳ֣Ĳܳ֡
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ڵʦһţһ˳Źٵķ׷ţֱܲɨ跶ΧҲûз˿ĺۼ
Ҫ֪ҵܲɨ跶ΧǼģܲܵϮ󣬰ȫϵͳõԶɨϵͳҲˣʹɨ跶Χ
ԶɨϵͳԶżзֵģƽʱǲῪģΪϵͳĵ࣬ټ޷άޣһ𻵾ǳá
ڵʦ˲ٵʱ䣬·ȫ̽һ飬ڹ·ĸ˼飬ͬûκεջ
Ҳûа취ֻܷҵܲ
ڵʦûзʦ𣿡ʦ޹ĺڵʦЩŵʵ
ԶɨϵͳȷƬûзɴʹÿռͨ
ʦ붯ڵʦʱΪضץס
ǰٷ֮ȷϮ߾ϧû֤ݣǿԽ֤ύִˡ
ǲ֮еʦɱɱģڲǲܷġ
κһλʦıսʦĵʦԴ
ӦĳķʽԶˣڵʦҡͷ˵
Լʵʮţž̽飬ȴ޷ϮߣôϮѾ뿪ˡ
˵Զɨϵͳ޷ֿռͨʹõļ󣬵ԶżŲٵռƷ
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Ҫöļܣߴսָȡװֵ
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ҿλʦеͷ­Ѿû˾εĿԡ
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ԹλʦɱḶ֪́ĹֶΡ
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ҵҴҵ󣬵滹һλʦûзܲ⣬ǵʦȫˡ
ҵʦ٣Ǳɱλ֮ǰԶɱһλʱֱɱλҵʦ˰λ
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ԣûд֣ʦֻҪʮʮ߼ʦ뿪ռ򣬳̫֮УȻᱻԶ̰ɱ
ʦĿ⿴Զʲôʱɱʦôˣʮ߼ʦǿһġ
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Ѿ÷ŭˣиС
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ڵʦ֮˶Ϊ˳пصĵˣܵʹõʲôֶ޷ıƿطΧڴ
ˣűĺЧҲὫصĵ˱Ƴ
ǵ˵ʵﵽʮżǲʮżڵʦʩչıƿصġ
ǽķΧźڵʦķжϵţҲϮߣܻὫܲΧñȫһ顣


490 ˽
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ڵʵֻҪ뵽ڵʦʩչıƿطΧ֮Уͻᱻᡣ
Ŀǰڵʦη裬Ҳ޷˺ֺ
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ڵʦصԼĿռָһĻǰ
Щɣܿ˾ģͨ˱ɪķʦ
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⴦λҪֻҪͨռͨͿԵͣ÷ܲûʲô
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492 ⳥
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ҵԸóʲô⳥ûеѯʣŵʦǱҪ档
ҵĵ⣬ʮżĺڵʦģ⳥ҲҪʮżʦݡ
ŵʦɴû˵⳥оԼҪ֤ʷһ㡣
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ʮżҩκԣսԼԴ
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һ˶Էסҵܲλʦ֮£ҲʱĴ˳ȥϲûܣ˵ҵܲǱܶעģŲٵļڡ


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żеİȫϵͳǵʱ
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豸ĿһΪ׵СռǰСռϸСš
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T09˼żҪȴʮ˼£ÿµĻֻһ磬ٴҲ޷ʱ̫ࡣ
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ӰӵġϢʮ˼ʱӰӵġ򡯴ﵽʮ˼֮Ҫľǲȹʵʮ˼Ļ


494 
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ΪӰӵﵽЧʣΪ豸ٵĲԣҵʵ
Ӱ䲻ڹʹá򡯽սеĶսá򡯼ǹ㹻ǿܹЧء򡯵Ĵڡ
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Ҳ˭뵽һλʦȻѧϰġ򡯡
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¹ȥһαչڶαչһʱ䣬ȫĶͶ뵽֮С
Ҳ֮ǰõʦԴ㹻˵ģÿһʮ˼ϵҩٶȣڱչʮµʱУûΪϵҩա
ȻҲòˣΪʮ˼ϵҩҪĸɾˡ
ûʮ˼ϵҩӢڤ뷨ͼûʲôЧֱչؾ˷ʱˡ
׼Ƚµļʮ˼ϵҩȫõ󣬾ͽαչء
뵽ľʱУľʱһռеľ޵
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495 
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Ÿӡǲμսл֮һϵǿ߶
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ܹʮ˼ʦ޿κεĸӡǣɪķʦʶʦ״˵
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÷ܹװԼװ磬˵ɴȷ棬ķɴͳṩġ
˵÷еĹɷݣʻϵǱڣ⻹ֻһķֺ졣
ԴϣߵԴҲ޵ģҪʮ˼ԴôȻĵ÷еĵ̡
ԴԼ취ȡʮ˼ԴҲַʽȡֲһն콣ġ
ȥǽҩ֮ˣôöûл
ҩҲһûп棡ɪķʦĿдο֮ɫǲ̫鷳÷Уѡ򵥵Ҫ
ŵʦҲΪģڵõҩ󣬿ҹרҵԱо֪ҩ㲻öҪ
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󲿷ֵʣӴ֮£ܵһʴ


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ŵʦһ̫ͬߺţ̫ߺս˴洢ռ䡣
˽˿ռţһƽ̨ƽ̨һĻԶʮƽ̨Ư֮С
ݿһ˶һƽ̨֮ڸԵƽ̨Ϣǵõͬ⣬Ҫʦƽ̨ϣŵʦһȡݿһ߽
ȡԼݿڹĻϣܿͿһȫϢӰӰǿռƯƽ̨С档
мȫϢƽ̨ʾѾʹãȫϢƽ̨ѡ
Щѡƽ̨ŵʦָָλòƽ̨˵
ã˵ͷѡһƽ̨
ѡƽ̨ƽ̨ϳ˿ռţ߽ռţ͵Լѡƽ̨ϡ
⴦ƽ̨󣬱ǸӵĻƣһ㻤ֽƽ̨ţŨ
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ɳ˿ռ򣬴˿ռĻ֣뵽ڡ
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ҪһλʮʦЩŵģȶһ񣬴ǰĻ֡
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֪ǰİ׷˾ǰǣ֪ԷͬϢʾǰᡣ
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500 ׼
ӰǴ뿪շصԼƽ̨յŵʦϢǰƽ̨
ͬŵʦƽ̨ϳһռš
ռţ߳ʱѾŵʦƽ̨֮ϡ
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㿴εʦУûʮżʦ߼μӣôͻʮżʦ룬Ҳͬʮżս֣ΣȻ͸˺ܶ࣡ŵʦ˵
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ֻһ˳սܹðֶνӡ
䲻֪ⳡʮһεսΪʲôȷһ㣬ǾǴʤĻߵĻǿߴС档
ֻ޷ʲôĻǿߣܹʮ˼ʦΪӣһս
ʮλʮ˼ʦǱʮλʮ˼˫ɳսԶǹϵȶмս
ǰʵҲ޷һ㣬ҪиǿĴڣܹһС
ϧȻ²⣬ʵҲֻһֻӣ޷˽еϸ
Ȼܹսг䵱ѾǷǳ˲ˣÿһλʮ˼ʦʵʦΪӶûʸ
˼ţٶȲûм
ˣһӰľ֪С
еĿʮȷܹľΧͷ˵ͨӡ׷ġ
ͨλһλɫףֳһѴ󽣵
λĺɫϣкɫţȫת״̬
ľΧٵڵλãһֻʱ䣬һǧľ룬ʱ͵ˣɼٶжôĿ¡
ûվԭأӽ֮ʱͼƿλá
ûзأǼǰ
˵ٶȹ죬ûܹﵽвĳ̶ȡ
ǾϵʦϵʱǲӰģٶȱø졣
˸գ׷ӰڿлΪһɫӰ
֮ϴ˵ЦΪɰǵսƻͽֱӻɱˡ
ҪսƻΪص㣬׵ĳ֣Ҫն
ʵϰСսսƻѹս޷ſֽս
ȻսռڣҲûҪʩչǿսĴ㡣
ûнսʱȫսΪ׵뷨
ɵ֪пֲڵĿӺͷ뷨ǿսǡӰӵġ򡯣Щǿʩչʮ˼Ĺ
ڿӰӻΪ֧ܣΪǹܶʩչ
һӡǾÿֲڿˣչֳ롮򡯣Ŀֲڻ¹˼ֱӶ֡
վסСļһأսʲôò̫ͨе
ƺַͨʽһս
ûһȥ
λʮƣҪɲô٣һι̶롣
ҪеöƿӰٶȡ
ٿصδγɶĹ֮ƣͱ˦
ǰںγһ׷һӵľ档
ԼٰģնѶ
סһ
ǰͬ飬һһλλĴ
ľڡ񡯻׵ϣʾ˱ֵλá
ͬʱЩٶȣԤƶʾ֮ϡ
ϣɫ·Ϊȫ·ߡ
ɫ·ǹ̶ģΧڵλƶɫ·Ҳڲϵĸš
ѡһɫ·һȫ·Ǽ·
ûм٣֮ǰٶȣֻת˼䣬Ĵǰλ֮д
λоֻһͿԹɾһ룬Ƕûܹɹ֡
λһܹԤ⵽ǵжһ㡣
ǿɶʮ˼Ϸˣǲɵķŭ
ŭõĻ֮ǰ׷ˡ
֮䴩ǻЩûиԼΪҪƶΪʲôô©ݶ
ʮ˼ϵʦľϣɵԭڡ
ʱľںǰô٣ʹʲôֶΣ޷ľ롣
ϵЦʧɫרע
Ϊǰ˰ЩǱĸӡġ
Ĵžӣʱ̼ǰ֮ľ롣
Ҳͬ飬ǺܿΪȷѡɢͼĺ·
ǰİҲУΧ
ǰΧ֮ƽҪγ֮ʱȻڽҪտڵĺΧȱڴ
˺Χһ缫Եơ
ʱǿҲӴ˵ĻӴ࣬ԵȴǴӵѧ˲١
ƾǵȼŭ㣬ʮλ뷢һŭ
ʮλһ׷һ߻㼯һ𣬵Ǻһγһʽ͡
ǵӰ죬γ˸ǰǵٶȳ˼
ϵĳط֮һӾͽӽľ롣
ʮλͻӳһ޴У֮ʱٶˣǾ޴нҪͷϵ˲䣬ӽѳ
ƾգʵһжƿ֮С
ʮλ»㼯ͣҲûܹٻӥͿԿûгȫˡ
ֻҪ⴦ս֮ûʮżսƬսǿߣٶˡ
֮Աֵ˾գΪ˲ʮλѹ㽫ʮλ崦˰ǵսƻͿԽϵĸӡ
ӡһֱ޺ֻҪûйϵʵӣӴ
ټ⸴ӡǣһ߽ĹؼʱЩӰɲС
ҪģȽϵĸӡǣ̸֮¡


502 
޴գصĻڵ֮ϡ
ϳһ׵Ľۣɾʮλ׷ʱϵĽ۹Źֵʧˡ
ǵһνսռ䣬ľһֱŶԾΧڵ飬Ȼ˵ϵı仯
仯סˣ΢΢ʧ
Ҳһʧ񣬱ʮλץס˻ᣬղżһûЧһʹõǷɢ
ʮлеܿռ䶼סˡ
֮ǰʧ񣬵ҪʱѾˡ
üѡǸʮλĹжϡ
ʮλսʮλս䣬λ׷ǵһ䣬ʮλǿĴڡ
ڶǸ׷λʵǿһЩ׷ٹٶҲЩ
µİλλս¡
ѡ񣬾ǽʮǿĹÿѡЩĹ
ӰײȥϾ˼£һͱƿˡ
һײ֮ƣҲ˱ϻΣա
ƿ׷룬ϵʮλʱʱǵĹһ䵽Լϡ
񡯻׵ϣľԽԽ
սռУʮλ⣬ʦû
ǻʦʦǸݼƻܡ
ˣ
׼
ʮλʦͨõͨѶţǶ˿ռ豸ԼҲõ巽ʽ
ʦʮλ׷ÿһλʦжǾѡ
ʱܱʮλ׷ϣÿһζֻһߣͻᱻС
ŵĵŵʦ෴Ϸһ֮ɫ
ٶȣٳӥ󣬽ӥչֳٶȡ
Ȼûٻӥôʹڻ״̬ûпȥΣա
÷ʦĿס޲ʮλ׷ϲɱ
÷ʦʧǣƻÿһζɹѡ
÷ʦԼλ£λʮ߼ִʦһ۵㣬λ䣬ִֻ
ֱڣִʦǿĿⶼ쳣
÷ʦŭģǵִִΪ±޷
ʲôԭ򣬻ʵﵽʮ˼õִ˹˼ɡ
ʱ÷ʦȴǿ˱ϣǶôõĻᣬ˲˾
ǰʮλںǰ壬ֻҪʮλ壬ˡ
ʮλʦԸʮλⳡսҪǾͿжϳʤˡ
ϣһֱΪȫ·⼫ʵΣա
壬ʮλҲ壬Ҫľǳ뿪
ռƻʦӿռг֣Ϊṩһȱڡ
Ҫ֪֮УҲʮλĺϻΧڣǲܼٶȵģֻҪһɲǣȴľʮλĺϻ
ʮλʦӿռг֣׼ԭƻеȱڣȴһӰסˡ
ǸӰ÷ʦ÷ʦµ¶˵Цݡ
Ҫֻ֣ҪȱλõסͿڼΣ֮С
ʮλڷԼΧ޷ԵľʱζԸ
һƴһпܣҲҪɱ
÷ʦԼγһǽڣķȫ
һڳеʦȫһ㶡
鷢ʵ̫ˣ쵽˵ʲô֮ǰۿͻڼΣ֮С
Ҳû뵽÷ʦ÷ʦʲôʱ͵͵ţôʦǰΪС÷ʦĳޡ
÷ʦǴжʵڱʮλ׷ʱôܲ׼ú֡
ĺ־ķһȡһӣ飬Ӱʧԭأʮա
ٴγʱ÷ʦԡ
һ÷ط÷ʦϣ⡮÷طʲôطҲκεΣ
÷ʦսռУսѵݣʹԽ÷ط÷ʦ϶κε谭
÷طսطΪϵʦطΪսṩսģսѹҰ֪
˵ΪκʦǼĲ
Ȼ÷ʦȺ֮ʩչ÷طȴЩŹ֣ûзϸ˹ء
÷ʦӰʧֱӱ¶ʮλǰʮλʧȫ
˭棬ʮλķ
ʮλĹ÷ʦʦżǿķҲ޷ֵסʮλͬͬʱ
÷ʦҪԷƿǰ뿪еλãֻҪ˺һξ룬Ͱȫˡ
ڴʱ÷ط÷ʦϣš÷طһͬģǺ
ɾżԷ÷ʦû˿׼£˺һӾסˡ
ս֮У÷ʦܵӰ죬޷ƶ壬ʧˡ
ʮڻԷ󣬻÷ʦû˿Ļϡ
Իױ˺ƣ÷ʦĴ̼˹
ϧһж̫ˣ岿ˣΨһܹľǷһʵĲҽС
÷ʦס·ٵ÷ʦɱ̾˲䷢¡
ʦʮλʱ÷ʦѾˡ
ʮһλʦ֮£ʮλƬ̣ͱɫʵˡ
ʮλͲǷģΪ׷ǵǹ͵ģԶʮһλʦû
ʮһλʦһ֮£λ䣬λ̶ܲͬȵơ
λصһͬҰްĺУǵȻըֲһӿ
Ǹϵļλʦ赲ңÿ
ʮ˼Աһ±ȻˣĿܡ
״̬ʦȻλ˵ʮ˼ͬھ
µλʮ˼³һѪǵ廯ΪһѪ⣬λԱͨʧʦС
ûг֣ע÷ʦϣû뵽֮£ܹѡ
鿴սʱֻĵѪӰʧ
սˣʦûи֮⣬ðΣʮλȴֻ˰λ
սʮλΧ֮£㼯дĲսʦԶ֮£λˡ
ʦо޹⣬رǼλܿԱʦˡ
ʦû˰ɣŵʦԹĵʵ
ллģûˣЦҡͷش
÷ʦʧһսָûɣŵʦһȡ÷ʦʬϵսָʦ˵
ղŵĶżǿԻԣȡӣȷʵһֻֻһʧȥЧı
ʵͨķĶ̾ռƶΣġ
ĶʦΪģôһζ̾ռƶֻ˱Ʒ
ʮ˼ʦıƷ÷ʦսָеƷ޷֮ȡ
ټ÷ʦ֮ǰΪ˵Ǳսѣκʦ޷ܵΪ
˭ս֮УҪսѣ÷ʦǳսѡ
ʦ֪÷ʦ֮ìܣìܲӦӰսսǿսѡ
˵ʹá÷طʦûκ飬ͬΪʦҲû˵ʲô
ʦǴʱЩ÷ʦʦΪ顣
ʦսָû꣬սǻҪϵҪ˵ﲻܰװĵŵʦսָ׸ûΪһöսָͰݡ
ǵж״̬ʱʯִʱ
ʮ˼ʦӰһҪõʧӣʧ档
ԣʦðΣȴܵ÷ʦȺ²ܾˣһҪ˵ŵʦѽŽе
ûжٹϵʦ׷׸ͣǶ÷ʦΪҲõʦϼΪѿ
ʰսսûнһλʦѵ
ʦҲﲻ۵ĵطȴս˵ʱսΪ


503 ľ
ʦǿʼϵװʦǵĻװȥҪªܶࡣ
ܹʹõװ϶Ǽѵõġ
ÿһζɽ˶ܹݴɨսġ
ʦǲûΪ÷ʦʲôܣڴɨսʱ϶¶Цݡ
ЩսƷᵱ䣬ǻύǣɰ߼Ӵ󣬸սı֣λʦӦĽ֡
ʦĳƷͿӦĻһƷ
ǿԻۣһμӹεսеĻ־ͿԶһȽǵƷˡ
Ŀǰǻʮʦ绹ʮûжսˣ鲻Ҫɢʹ˽ս󣡡ŵʦ
߻ʮʦʮȥսģֻʮ
ô֮սγɾԵƣֻҪƣͿһֱάֵս
ûȡսҲʤһ
ͬ⣬һʦ룬˾ϵʦĸӮˣɵʦЦȸ͵
ʦ໥˿ܹûΣյʤȻѵѡ
ʵÿһλǸмһЩʦеǿߡ
һ䣬޴Ӱ졣
ʦսģҲսðա
ûٶ˵ʲôʦǿٽսΪΨһʮ˼ϵʦսλá
֪лʮ˼ϵʦֻǲμսʮ˼ʦҪĶս״̬ʦ
Щ崦˥ڵʮ˼ʦ뵽սУ֪ʮ˼ϵʦ崦˥ڡ
ųʮλʦ֮Уֻһλʮ˼ϵʦ
ȷˡ÷طһεġ÷طеʦȫһ
Լľ֪ʦǣ˲ͽʦĸ֪Χ˰뾶һǧķΧ
λʦ뵹һǱľΧסˡ
¾ϵʦľΧ󲿷ֵľ붼ֻܾ֪޷γɾЧ뾶һǧľ뻹ǳǵ
رìܵĵʦиǾѣľϵʦսľϵʵһЩԶĹͿԽκһλʮ˼ϵʦĥ
Ҳûں¶һЩʵҪһЩ뷨ҪǿʵԷ
˵ˣֳĲǿֶΣ¶ʵΪ׼鷳ʱ˭鷳˵ˡ
ּˡ÷طʮһΣڳеʦһ֡
оϵʦȫһɵʦЦ˵
ϵľ֣жϳ⾫ֵķԵֵסʮ˼۷Ĺ
ÿһλʦ϶׻֣еһսֻ֮ҪǱλΧͼΣˡ
ЦЦ֪ǿڿӣʹֶ̫Ρ
һǳɹģսҪʹȫľϵͿΪⳡսʤṩС
ʦɵսʼƶһǧ뾶ĸ֪ʦǰֵˡ
ʱ򣬲Žֱеһɿֱֲӿ˸ӡǡ
оԼֱ۴һʹ԰µѺá
ڸӡĳ£ɢ˲ʮʱ䣬ӡǾʧˡ
µ˸ӡǺŸӡһͬʧ
ֱܵ˲ˣǵ븴ӡֶΣڲǰǵƵģԵüֱ
ʦˣŵʦͨ÷طɵϵͨѯʵ
ʦ䲻֪ϷʲôҲ䵱նйء
ʦǶǵľӢûԭĻôðΣȥִаǵսƻ
ˣûֱϵƣʹûӰ쵽ػص
ŵʦҲٱˡ
ľΧֻҪûиӡǵָֻʦһʦǡ
ʩչˡطɫĹâ˵ֱš
ֱ۵ƿٻָţâʧŻֱۣûȫָѾӰսˡ
ڳʦˡطĹâϵʦ⡣
ʮλʦֵսУһλǿսľϵʦԶһλӵиֶָεľϵʦ
ӵʦľϵʦǸʦǶһա
ʮλʦƬ֪жսռѰŵз֣һʦߵݣһսûתͷӡ
˰ʱ䣬չ޷κһλʹĳֶΣʦǵ
ʦûаżҪսʤǾɱ˵ˡ
ֻҪսʤǶԻӦĻ֡
ЩֿɲֻܶһսϵսƷ߼һװԴ
һƬ֮УӰǰĹĻĻʾսռڵ龰
ⳡսʤˣֿԴǱӮöעˣԭΪʦû뵽ʦǺģ˵ֱ۵Ŀʦ
ֱ߼޵۹Ļ޵۹˵ֱͬ࣬źܴĲ֮ͬ
ȻҲ޵۹Ѫеֱ֣۳ļʹÿһλ˶ӵżǿĽս
ʦսƻǲҸʦʦɹķ֮һ壬һλϵ뾫ϵ˫޵ʦл츳ɲףȫ̬ղʦָŹĻӰ˵
Ϊ߼֮У̬ȫͬ߼Ϊ߼еࡣ
ղʦǲʦһǾϵϵ˫ϵʦ
ʿУ־ϵϵ˫ϵʿĻʷǳͬ벩ĴѪйϵ
Żܹ˫ϵоУЩǲвѪˡ
ϣܹΪڶʦͿԴʦˣ鰢ʦ˵
ʦӢ۹ʦϴŸ߹뽾ɫ
Ӣ۹ڱҲ࣬ǵѪֳΪĶ䣬Լȵʹǲ񲩴Լ޵۹һԼ࣬¶һ徫顣
ǵ̫ˣҪΪʦһˣղʦͷ˵
߼ѪУʹǵΪƳҲڿͼʱһȻӡ
ǶʮİǣǵвЩرĴڣرӡ
Ȼвûнͼ࿴ɵͼȴƽʱ̬б˳
Ϊ˲߼Ѫ߼Ӵ
ʮ˼ʦսȻֻ߼һĲ
ղʦǲǴʦʦЦʵ
߼У˵ĸпܽͨ࣬ôǲˡ
߼һͬ⣬Ǿķܡ
ƺǱѪ̫ǿʹǵʿ츳Ǿˣٶȸ죬Ǳͬߡ
ǶǴĳƺԶе߼
ӵ˵ƣʹ֮еĳˣ󲿷ֶﵽʦ
߼ƼҲ޷⣬ǾǷܼѵ⡣
߼Թ޸Ļ򣬵Ƿһ޸˻Ǿʧȥ˳츳Ϊͨ졣
໹ãʧȥ˳츳
޵۹޸Ļֱеʧȥ츳䣬Ǵ䷲
Ӣ۹ľ޷޸Ļ޸ĻʧȥݣǳΪͨࡣ
ЩΪһȵôֽܽ
ֻ޸Ļκθ深ֶܵΣʧȥĳ츳
߼㹻ãǵ޷Ӷ١
޵۹Ӣ۹ǾԲģżһЩͼеš
ܹеţǶǴţܹȵϲе츳š
ֶŻǧ궼ѵһᱻյţֻҪͨ˿ˣͿԽܲѪУתΪࡣ
û˼ֻǿЩرѣղʦ˰֣Ц˵
۾ȴ˹Ļϣעˣս鿴ϡ
עĲʵ˫ϵʣֻҪѪתͿԳΪڵ˫ϵʦķܴµĻ


504 
ɲ֪߼ղʦˣнĴ㡣
ʱģսʧ˫ս
ټϴ߽ʦǼһûи˿Ŀɳ֮Ƕⳡսʧȥʤϣ
սϣǱս˽ʱ䣬Ȼûмʦǽһս뷨
ʦǶʧȥսȤ˿Ǿӣ˶սʲô˼
䣡һ־սռڡ
ܵ־빪ΣȴЩѡ
ֻλ˵λȥܵͷսΪǶʧܵġ
ͬ⣡һ־֡
˲䣬ʦսռų⣬һ׳˿ռ䡣
ܵų⣬ûжֶΣսռ佫׳
ڿվ֮֮⣬ʦҲڸ̫С
ĺܺãǵĻֻһתݿϣǵʦ
ӮˣοԶһһƿҩˣŵʦ˵
Ϊ˱ɪķʦ֪ŵʦĿǰɲҪҩ
ѽɪķʦҸģʵμսĺܴĿģΪЩƷҲΪԴΪ߼ҩ˥ϵʦӳʮŵʦ͵
жʱ˺ܶ࣬Ϊôʮ˼ʦðղμս߼Ļܵջ
뿴һƿ߼ҩӳʮôÿʮһεսǺܶ˥ʦٻᡣ
ҵĻֵ֣Ҳһͬתҩɣ˵
ɪķʦİǳĴмַܹͨʽɪķʦһЩʲôϵ
˵Ҹģ˵ʦʱ֪ģŵʦЦ˵
սɲÿһζʤģսʤǶ԰뿪˫ͨһδεսͶԱ˴˵ʵΪϤ
һΰϵĸӡƶսƻʮλεսôɵĻʤ
սתΪսһ߶ൽӰսʱսŻ
εսԶսʮ˼ʦҪɱǳѡ
ʦһϵʽŵʦ˵ʱʦ˵
ʦ׷ͬҪ
ͨһսʦʶҲͬ
ȻսռвûбֳʲôѹսֳĸȴʦĿ̵ӡʦԸսѡ
нʮλʦϵʽ˺ѣһսĺѣǱȽ׽ˡ
ûϵʽʦǵʦǵͬҲû˭˵ʲô
ʦû뿪֮ţǷص˿ռƽ̨ϣȴŻֵķ䡣
֮ԻΪڵõֺ󣬻нֶһḶ́ʱصĻôҪһʲôĻҪʮ֮ˡ
߼ɲʱŶһҲ֮ŵսڼ䣬սֶһ
һַ֮ʱ߼λʦҲڷš
λʦõ籦һԵĹУſռĲ籦ﱻ˻ȥ
λʦûȨӵıҲеġ
ֻǸսռ䣬ǵֻͬǰվǰ̨
ˣʦӶֱ˵
пʱپۣղʦЦӦ
ֻо鰢ʦĵ˵ͷû˵һ仰һ뿪ˡ
ûòļһʦֻƽ𣬿ž鰢ʦʧķ˵
㻹ûϰ𣿡ղʦЦҡͷ˵
ʦ˰֣첽뿪⴦ռ䡣
ղʦû뿪Ļǰָ㣬Ļʾϡ
ûеλǰѯϣΪʮ޵۹ĿʦӢ۹İʦͬʦ
ȻЩʮ˼ʦʱղʦڣλʦǶʮʦ
ʵۣǶԱΪˡ
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ŵʦȡ̫ߺţT09˼żķжȥһμңԶĺС


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ȡݿT09˼ż֣һ뵽T09˼żڡ
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һοǺܶʦϮķһ޷׷ٵ΢Сţ̫зḶ́еʦǶԸ֪
ǵʵ翼ʦǸ֪ʱ΢СѾĿꡣ
ϵʦǶ⣬Ϯη
ΪµģǶ֪׼ģ̫ӵ׼ȷĹʽ
ʦȴӰһ̫շȥڸղҵĹ켣
ȫŹ켣׷ٶȥֻҪ̫֮УйҲ㹻ʱ佫ء
Ҫ֪ϣڹĩˣҪ赲סҪƶľ̫ˡ
ͨǰȫϵͳ˿ʦĶ
ҲϵʦսֻһλʮżʦǾǿʦ
Ҳǵܹõʮżʦͬʮޡ
ǵķʦ̫еʦרÿռŸʦĻ
ϵʮ˼ʦλλɱľλ
ʮʮ߼ʦнʮλǵսκһսҪΪǿ
ҪʹóԶϮҪ򣬼һ޷ɵ¡
ſʦ̫գϵԶǣ΢΢һЦԶ155ڡ
ռʧصԶ155ŵļʻա
ǵзϵͳ濪ʼ޲𹥻
ǣˣظ
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Ҫ֪ͨ˾ͨѶжϡ
쳣ȻҲ˺ܶˣɴڻ֮еԼʦ䣬޷˼
ΪΪ˱ǡ
䡯ĹͻȻ֣عϵ̫ķķɵȫͬһʱ䱻
޷˺ʦڸ߼ʦ˺ġ
ǱķǿģɷΪ˶Ĺ
Ľڹбը٣ȫʿҲ޷ֵЩǿ
Ҫ֪ܹǵķǾǵΪΣյʱǵķȻǵǿ̫ˡ
ɰǧĸ߽ʿڸܵΣʱʹ˻ڿն
еͼʿûôˣĸ߽ʿԼ󲿷ֵеʿڣڵһֵĹбɱ
漸Ĺǣܹڹл˲ࡣ


511 ɱ¾
µʮ˼ʦе
ʦ뿪˵ǣ֮ǰ´ģһʱ֮ʦǵû˷
ʦǵķӦҲǺܿģʮ˼ʦָӣеʦŽع̫ϵͳȥ
ϵķϵͳҪǣΪϵķϵͳͬŵһȫع̫ϵͳˡ
ʦĿ꣬ĸ߽ʿȴãȻ֮С
ǵڻû׵׷ʲô£ôǿĵǣˡ
֪ռ俼ʦǼҪʮżϢǰܿľԶ155ڵռ䣬ŸԶķȥ
ڿʦ޷֪ڶԶ뷢Ĺ·Ѱ
Ҳûа취£֪ΪΣȻ޷ûа취ǿʦԮ
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ǿλʮ˼ʦԼһλʮ߼ʦҪĵǱһ˷סôڴĳΪЦ
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ʦȻ뿪ˣǻλʮ˼ʦʮλʮʮ߼ʦ
սҲ㹻ǿģô׶Ըġ
ͬԼսͬʮ˼۷սټʮ˼ϵսͱͬϵҪǿһЩ
ʮ˼ĽӥӰӣȻʵЩɶԸЩ߽ʿǼ֮¡
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λʮ˼ʦϵеʮ˼ʦģϵϢİ
ͿͻȻֵĽӥӰӣдʮ˼Ϣ֪á
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ҼУս׼ӦУͨе
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λʮ˼ʦսնɱܹԵסʦɱˡ
ӥҪʦˣþԸ
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µʦʮ˼ʦĽ󣬾߷׼ս
û뵽ֻǶ̶̵Ϣʱ䣬ս־ͱ仯֮졣
Ӱ˹᲻ѹʵʦֱɱ
˵Ӱֻʹʮ˼ľʮ˼ľʵûȫȶʮʮ߼ʦȴžԵơ
ʦǻȵֵסӰĹȴǵλʮ˼ʦ˺ٹæ
Ǹ뷨Ϳλʮ˼ʦˡ
ʦﻹʲôս뷨λʮ˼ǿڣټλʮ˼ʦƬ̶ûгŹĵܹӦġ
ЩʦߣŽӥٶȣԼϵĹһλλʦɱӿеڵ档
սǹġ
ԸЩ߽ʿ߽ʿǳֲּ࣬㣬Ǵɱپɱٵ뷨
սʽһסˣֻ˫֣һϸСɳ
ЩϸСȷĹĿ꣬ÿһϸСסһ߽ʿ
۸߽ʿеҧ޷ϸСһ˺ۡ
ֻҪϸСȦסĸ߽ʿһϢȫգһɸɾ
Σսʽʵֲ̫Ҳ޷ıսʽ
˵ֲԶŮԵںϣսȻ̳Զսص㡣
߽ʿҲĿսʽˣǺ޲ܽ׵ٶԶĸ
̫ʦսǶʮʱͽˣԽӥٶȣһһٶȣͽʦˡ
⻹ҪлЩʦûзֵ̫ʮ˼ʦָӣǵʦʮ˼ʦķйġ
ľҲջ˶ʮöսָЩСջ
ȼ˵ʮʮ߼ʦƷʮ˼ʦսָУϵƷ
սûнʦڻûзأӥתŵĸ߽ʿȥ
ʱɱʮ˼ſֻҪĸ߽ʿͻᱻ飬ǴھΧ⣬ֻҪھ֪ΧڣľԶԸ߽ʿ˺
еĸ߽ʿǣƬŵ¡
ڵʵ̫ķΧҪǼϿգһЩɢĸ߽ʿҲȥ
ǳʱ䲢ࡣ
˵ر˿ʦݿͨѶȨޣʦûԶ̹ߺ󣬻ǻܿ췵صġ
ԣصٶȻ졣
ʦֻҪʹ̫շɴͿͨռֱͨӳڵǡ
һƬĸ߽ʿһɢڸİӰ
ľɨսȡ̫ߺţ̫ߺʧ
̫ߺʧ˲䣬һʦɴӿռͨг֡
ʱշǳ׼ȷ֪ͨģܿŵǵİȫϵͳзɴҪʹÿռͨͻᱻ֪
ʦһͷ˵ǵĲ״ȼţκĽ
ЩŵĳУ־ԵĽ񶼻ΪС
ÿʦĺǣܲκʦϢ
лʦսϢ˵ﲻǰйһʦս
ʦ㲻ݣʦ۾ͨ죬һƽС
Զ155żʻյĹĻǰſʦıݣû⿼ʦƽУܿŭѡ
ɵǵľ޴ѣûа
Ҫûдӿʦ´ôʱĵŻڿҫſʦսˣףһλӵо޴Ǳĵ˱ɱ
ʦŵ֮ʱʹһս
ǰںƽʱܹ淨ǰļ䣬һְҵսļ䡣
ְҵսԣΪ˾ֻսսĽһ
ְҵսҪһֶδˣӵսĵˣԼ˺ڵȵȡ
Ǿ͵ǵ˵ĺڣ˵ǽἫ̶ϼٵս
ΨһЩϧǣʱʵ̫ˣ޷ӵջսƷ
ҪѾɷĵϣҳصģûбƻıɲǶʱܹ쵽ġ
ɲΪһЩԼΣ֮ء
һεϮ˳ûСռǳ䲻ıˡ


512 
Ҫǿʦ뿪ǣǴɱ䡣
һλʮżʦսþǼߵġ
ΪҪǣʦЩ˥ϵʮżʦǻʱֵġ
ʮżʦȵλ˥ϵʮżʦʵ
ֻ˵ʦСıСķ
ŭĿʦѹ֪ķŭûаЧսָȡһֻԶ
޷ֻԶܹʹˡ
ϵ˵ǾҪǾȫ
֮ϵʦԼ
һս֣ܿͽǵĸ򶼿סˡ
ҡҡͷûЩս
۵ǾʵǿֻռģҪ뵽Զ155ڵĿռ䣬ƾĿƼԶԶ
ֻҪԶ155ڣ̫ĶǾ԰ȫġ
ҳƿԶż𣿡֮û뿪Զż¡
һֱڷܹĲͨԶż
һԣҪԶżܹʮżʦҩҪҩݵԶ
ƻʱڿ
鷳ڵǵݿУûзⷽϡ
һַͨڲϵֻƬǴҪԶżĴλá
ڳ˰꣬ڼʦǳӴʦݿºܶϡ
Щ֮УĵãսƵҲż̽¼ȵȡ
Ȼ˵ҪԶżûм¼ģͨʮżʦµϣܹóһЩ
һûʲôôɵЩˣôͿܽʵݷǳĽ
˵ǳ鷳㹻ǿ󣬲ܹڶʱеó
ˣԶżŷΧѾעͼϣش
Զ155ŵͼͼһƬرע˳
Ƭڵڣɵ֮ѡƬΪأǲԭ
Ϊķ⴦Զżķʱ䣬ͬ˰ʱ䡣
Զ155ͼϵȥ
Զ155뿪ǵİȫϵͳ»ָΪ
ʦݿͻȻܹϵıû˿ת䡣
Կ϶ֵǵİȫϵͳҲɹˡ
⽫Ϊ֮鷳ʦ֪Ӧν鷳ˡ
ΪֻҪûɱôʱͨ췭ظ
ʧڵǱңǿİȫϵͳʧزص⡣
µµİȫϵͳҲ޷֤ܹһ֡
ʦҪϵ鱨ȴܲڵǵĵ鱨߲㼸һˡ
⻹㣬˵ʧûȫͳƳѾȷĲ⽻񲿣Դȫ˾βȵȣҪŵܲˡ
ˣʦͷʹ֮ʱ֪ʮżʦϢеĵǲɼһЩ
ȷ˵𣿡ʮżĶʦʵ
ʦʦϿʦǵλʮżʦֵܹλʮżʦ໹λʮżʦȴڱչ״̬
ǵͷλʮżʦǲֵġ
ڸʮżʦλʮżʦǵĶս
ʮżʦǵ޷ģҪʮ˼ʦ㹻Ĵ۶ͬ޷쵽
ԿʦûнϣڸʦϣλʮżʦֺŸоİڲٶЩˡ
ӦʦʦһᵽϾʹ޷ѹֵŭ
֤ݣʦʵ
ʦҪڣȴһʱ֮䲻֪λظ
ͻȻ֣Ϯ̣ûһ˿ۼ
ڵǣɱеʦĸ߽ʿҲûκε
ǰȫϵͳͱˣôܼ¼սϢ
ǻĸ߽ʿⳡܹ֮ĸ߽ʿ㹻Զĸ߽ʿ
˵ʦ֪ľΧǶԶǳ˸߽ʿĸ֪ΧĿǰռûһλ߽ʿܹʲô
ⲻָ߽ʿǣԵĿʮ˼ϵʦܹǽˡ
ȷϮʦΪģʦ׷ʵ
һԵĶʦҲ˿ʦҲ֪ġ
֮ǰ鱨鱨ʦϧˣһξıʦûʲô
Ҳ޷ֻҪͿԲ鵽
λʮżʦֱڲͬĲš
ʦִŸ߶ȵԣҪλʮżʦ档
ʦ˫ϵʦһλʮʮ˼ֻʱĶţ־ȻûлɱʦЩҡͷ˵
Ҫֿʦڳһʵ
ǷԿʦжʦڰš
ڿʦʦλţȴûܹɱ
һεǱϮ֮²ΪҲΪµجΡ
һλţһλʦĬΪȻΪʮżʦĶţʹʮż޷ԵɵвҲõ־޴ʧ
ʦҪģȷʵû뵽һΰٷٰ֮յķߡ
ڲʱû֤ʦΪǾȥ飬ȻѾΪ˵ˣҸһ֣ͬҾͲܹţ
ҪĻָת֤ܵϮʦ˰˵
ֻˣʦ˵ͷ˵
Ƕʦ˵ĳֻᣬԷǳ͡
ȻѾܹһηԲеڶλǡ
˵ˣλʮżʦͬʱ뿪򣬹ƲҪ˵Ըˣעǡ
λʮżʦɵģǵһһܵעġ
һλʮżʦлûʲô⣬һλʮżʦȫҪǵȫսˡ
ʮżʦռսս
ʱλʮżʦûпʼ˵׼Եˡ
»пܣΪһεǵʧõʦʵ˼
ûиʱ䣬޷ȫָδӰ졣
λʮżʦ˼ָŸԵ¿ʼؽǣ齨š
Զ155ûȫ٣СʱʱƬ
ռ䣬Ƭܵ򣬾㣬ƷΧ㣬ֶ̽ȴǼġ
ķľ֪Ű뾶һǧﷶΧڵա
ʱĵڼȵĻ֮Уټİжûб֡
ĸСʱɨƬ֮һʱͷ΢Ŀռ
ȷ˿ռλõ꣬ûС
⴦ԶżǹӦʮżʦԴԶżɲûз
ػԶ155ţԶ155ſǴꡣ
Զ155ŵĿռɨУһԲεڿռвеԶŽ
֣Ը
ԭΪֻǳ鷳ģû뵽շûʮ룬ֳɹˡ
ʻյĹĻϣǴԲԶżڲ
ռذĶ˵ʵвT09˼żи߼һǡ
עȴ⴦ҩݣЩҩÿһ궼ҩֲɫġ
˵ͨϵͳ޷֪ҩݵĵȼ쳣ͨʦҩݵͺ˵ˡ
аϲҶĿꡣ
˵֮ǰǧǱңλʮ˼ʦʮλʮʮ߼ʦһǵʧǴʹ˵
ôԶżظ㵽У˵Ҫ
ȻֻһʮżʦԴԶżҪһ
ʮżʦԴأһõʮżʦԴ
ʮżʦܲȥڸʮżʦԴһӰõʮżʦԽԽ١
ƿصʮżʦ٣ζŵӰ
ǵڣôĴųԴ£ֻҪʱ㹻Իָ
ٵ鷳ͨԶżڲϵͳһλʦżڲ
ܿжϳλʦݣ⻹ɹ˵ϵͳõݿ⣬һλ˥ĩڵʮżʦ


513 
³˹ʦڰУʮżȫϵڣûай©
ſŨҲػ⴦Զصԭڡ
ԶУҪϨܹ֮άֵĸһЩ
ÿһǿʮżʦѡػ⴦Զء
һΪ˱ĸԴǸ߽ʿԴͨʦԴ˵׶Ҫġ
ֻҪʮżԴһֱڣͿԱ֤ӵеʮżʦ
һҲΪ˵³˹ʦԼԽǾ޵еǿ󣬾ԽǶŨص
³˹ʦƿعȨܹһݻη
һԼ壬ŬܵԶ廹ڲϵ˥ϡ
ÿÿ뵽һ㣬رʱ¡
³˹ʦеļ˺ķƺ
Щ̫ףΪνرС
ڵ³˹ʦ֮ʱͻȻоһų֮ƺ⴦ԶؽΪһ㡣
һ׼ж֮ʱѾһɿռ֮ɼı͵ռ䡣
̫գЩãȻĿܡ
ܿ³˹ʦӦ˹Զسˡ
һʱȡԼݿҪԶصĿռͨ
ɲ֪ΪΣôʹݿ޷ϤĿռͨ֡
ûпռͨʮżʵҲ޷κ顣
³˹ʦ΢һɣźš
³˹ʦԶ߳ȻΪˡ
УһλʮżʦΨһܹľԶԷ
ɵ³˹ʦԶڣֳɹԶصϵͳ͵õԶصȨޡ
Զڲ˵ĸ죬ΪԶ˺ܶʩ
ԭеİȫϵͳͣˣ¼Ҳ޷в³˹ʦʮżʦ
ѡ˽³˹ʦƳԶأܱʲôսܣԶصܣڲԱ뿪
³˹ʦɹͳԶأа˲١
ǣԶ155أԸ
ԣԶżǹ̶ģ޷ƶġ
ԶżԶڿռнĻأŸֲͬá
ЩռĻأȫսбݻ٣ЩڿռеĻأҲܵ˲̶ͬȵӰ졣
᱾ͲƶԶżԶ155ԶŷɴڱʱܵӰ죬ʧȥ˷
ǻ˻ԶĴͿռɴͲƶԶż
Զ155ŷǣԶץסռٰûƶԶԶ155ŵǣ뿪ԭء
Զ155Żļ٣˵޷Զشﵽ٣ȴҲǰʹ̫ߺռֿʱ֪˶ٱ
յ³˹ʦźţʦʦԼʦеһʹ÷ɴͨռͨˡ
˵Ǳ߻Ҫλʮżʦ򣬵ǸԶжôҪ
³˹ʦسʲôˣʦ³˹ʦżʵ
³˹ʦӦò뿪Զأڿ³˹ʦʦеĲо͸ˡ
ұش˳޷ϵϻˣ³˹ʦδ˵Щ˻ơ
ʦʦشóԼݿͬû˿Ӧ
ʦִսָȡһ̨ǿԶص豸ÿһλʮżʦһ̨
ͨԶ̲鿴Զڵ˽ԶصĲ
һʱĵȴ޷ӵĻظ
λʦɫȫˣ¿ԳǱݻ٣ʦĴ䣬޷Զصʧȥ
ʦȡһ̨ռ豸ȷ꣬ռ豸ڿռϣ˿ռ豸
̨ռ豸Լռżй©ϸ΢ռ䲨ֻڿռ豸Ҫʱ޷ʹڷδ֪ռżϡ
̶֪ռԶżռ豸ܹļġ
ʱһĹȥλʮżʦʱĹȥҲڲϵ³
ռ豸ļʱôôùȥˣпռ䲨ĻҲͿԱˡ
ʦȷʦΪ𣿡ʦһʳ⡣
ʲûеģܹٿԶżģɲܹ¡
Ա֤÷УûĿƼˮƽ
ܹһģֻ߼
ʦһˣʦҧش
ػʦ˴鷳Ƚڲ鷳δʦʦɬѵ
ƺʱԶغš
ûҪԶش뷨ὫԶһá
ͨԶصĴ͹ܣ뵽Զڡ
ͨϵͳԶ̲鿴ͬһ뵽Զڲ͸оĲ֮ͬ
мŨ⣬Զ
ʹԶںһڿԸоϸԾ顣
ȻָоľʱÿӿɫҺ廹ܶ࣬ǳϵġ
оʦָٶȶ౶
ڿУûýŲȵ棬Ҳ᲻òڵ棬ֲ֮ɫҩݡ
Զص񷶥ϣһޱȸӵͼƣ˿˿ͼӿ
ǰ²ʮżԴ֮⣬пܾҪܹɹӦʮżʦԴ
۲֮ʱһ֣ӵɫҩвһꡣ
һɫҩ̺ҩݸΪŨӦǳҩݡ
ɫҩݱţ뵽֮ʧ
ûоȣԶصıԵȥһռ䣬ռƯʮɫҩݡ
ԶгҩݣᱻԶժ͵ﱣ档
ľɨָռڵʱǾֹģ̶ȱҩݵ
ֲһ¼¼ÿҾͿԳһɫҩݡ
˵ϵͳҵʹֲҩݵ䷽䷽ǵУԶصԶС
Զ֮ʱԶؾΪǿʦṩƷҩĻء
޷֪Զжôǿ󣬵ԶؾͿжϳʱķһԶִ
ִʦҪԶִܹʦԴϡ١
ûнʮɫҩı滷Ĵ洢ռսָѣҲʮżЩࡣ
Զջ񣬻һεıж
αжˣһξҪʹˡ
˵ʦ֪֮һʦ޷뿪Ŀռ价ֶͨνʦĥ
αжУûжκǿġ򡯣Ϊ޷֤Լڶˡ򡯺󲻱
˴λȥҪչأϵ뾫ϵ޷ҲҪá򡯽
һδʹ˵ͬҲñ˴֮ĳ޴ﵽ˼¡
ֻҪһԣԻɳǿսΪ׷ɱ
ûţΪ˵㱻ɱķŭƽϢҪľʵ
ǡ򡯻ϵֻǾϵֻҪһʮżͿӵԡ
ʱ䣬Զذõ
ԶرʹڿռڣҲõİȫ⣬ټڲϵͳӹܣֻҪκⷢͨԶ豸֪ͨ
֪͵֪
ԶصλⲻԶ֮ѡΪܹٶȸϻԶء
ǷǳԶصģʮżĸ
Զ155̫ߺһʹÿռͨ˿ռֿ⡣
صռֿͽ뵽״̬
ٴλָȫչص״̬ÿ󲿷ʱ䶼ռ򡯣ҲΨһҪԴͿĹ
˵ϵûпʼõ߼ľϵҩ׼ȽƵҩʹõ
ڱչһʱ󣬵ȫѵ״̬ʱʹ߼ϵҩЧŻﵽ󻯡
ӰҲ˻ռڣˡ򡯡
ͻŨʵ
ӥҲ˳䲻ҪҲҪϵϤԼڵʮ˼̶ȷӳӦеս
ķǳƽȴıж


514 
ɪķʦڵõ鱨һζ鱨׼ȷ˻ɣΪ鱨ȷһ
鱨ŵʦ֣ЩʦЩǲôģλʮ˼ʦһλ֪ǿߡ
λʮ˼ʦϽʮλʦͬʱ䣬ʵĴһء
ʮżʦ٣ʮżʦĿɱʮ˼ʦĶ࣬ټÿһʹһֶΣٵϣʮżʦϣʹÿһλʮżʦǧ֮á
ʮ˼ʦûĴˣʮ˼ʦӿ䣬һȶ
һεһλʮ˼ʦõʵ
ʵֱӵӰ֮սʧ⡣
˵ʮżʦԱ֤İȫܶڵ޷ˣⲿᱻɵ
ʱյõ鱨ȷ˽׶ΣҪ֪ʲôϮŻ˵ʧ
ܹõʧģҲԶͬʧ
֮£ûԵֻ֣ʱ䲻̫á
ɪķʦ鱨ȴ뵽
֪ڲǰܵ˵ʮżʦһ
ֻ޷ȷôʧǲΪ
ڣôܶԵ˵ʧ
ǿͬĵǣĸͨʮżʦжλ
ڲ֣ԮܿͻϵҪܡ
ɪķʦе鱨ϸϸݶͬڵǵĻˡ
÷ܲİȫϵͳڱչغû뿪ܲ
һͬʱָɻΪĻĸ
ɪķʦڶʦһķ֮Уδ֪ǿ˼ɡ
Уδ֪ǿûгֹ
ԵʼԵˡ
õǱҶȱĻᣬھòϴѹڵ档
ǰʵƽ⣬ǹ̶ˡ
Ҫ̶ֹɲףʱֶͨβȶ档
һѵõĻᣬѵõĻᣬŵǱҶȱԼʦȼ٣Թ̶ˡ
˵ǵǿʵ֤ʱǺѵֵסȺǿӵġ
ǵĳҲʱвϵʧȥ棬ͨȵֻʧȥٶѡ
ȻǸ޶ȵģʮżʦûм٣ĺ޷ռġ
ڻϮΪ֮£ļλʮżʦûж޷֤ʵһ㡣
Ҳû˼׷ˣĳʼһս
˽δйĻңһеȴڱչ֮У֪ķ
ǧǱңھĲ󣬷ɢΪһЩʲԼɷݣ޶
ºһ죬ϵϢӳȡ
µıչأް㲨
ϵľϵҩһգֻʮ߼ϵҩ
ϵҩĴ٣㹻ܾ֮á
ڽϵâλãռҩƿȡ˳
һ߼ϵҩڣʼˡӢڤ뷨
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ǰӢڤ뷨ʮ˼ϵҩϣҲֻǽеľѹתΪ
УҪľתΪһݾ
һβͬ߼ϵҩڵľһһתȱӢڤ뷨תΪʮ˼
һ߼ϵҩ̺ľҲ֧һΡӢڤ뷨
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Ҫڤ뷨ϣһʮݾϵҩӢ۹Ʒģĳ̶ֳʺϡӢڤ뷨֮á
⣬ִЧҩҪ
󲿷ֵʮ˼ʦʹñսȥһҩǻһΪ
ʦ˵ٶԽ죬ʵľԽࡣ
˵ʦûƿĻ㹻ʱ
ϧÿһλʦ;ƿڳƿ֮ôٶȶõġ
󲿷ʦһӶƿ֮Уٲͻƿʦֻᱻһƿ
ʦǵٶȲǱƿסʱ̫á
ٶȵҩӵٶ࣬ҲֻǰһЩʱﵽƿʦǻһЩʱһԴﵽ˷ѱĻ֣ñĻֶһЩҪƷ
һ£һ߼ϵҩԱȵһµĿޡ
˿ռҩƿµ߼ϵҩû뵽ҩȻֵܹһˡ
֮ÿһ죬ʹһ߼ϵҩϵڵʮ˼ԼٶȻš
˵ʮ죬ǰһ߼ϵҩЩȴҲûжٳɵķˡ
Ҫ뾫ϵʮ˼۷廹һ㣬ֻҪ߼ϵҩ֮һЧͿﵽϵʮ˼۷塣
뵽ʮżе߼ϵҩˡ
ʱһľʮ˼ϵʦҩʮżϵʦҪҩɲʮֿԶһġ
һεġӢڤ뷨ϣžϵִӯУ¶Цݡ
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ѹִ߼ʵԶԴܹʦ׵ٺܶʱ䡣
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ûнչأһεıչĿʮȷǾǽƵʮ˼۷壬ܲܽʮż
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ͨǸҪͻƵʿʹã궼˹ʿռˡ
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Ϊ£ܸʦ밢ʦû뿪һֱŰ˹ʿ
˹ʿǲһӢ۹ԴԽʦ
һ˹ʿɹôʦȦеľͻǿˣõԴࡣ
ҲӢ۹ԲʦòӵʦĿܡ
ǽܸʦǰʦûдԴһλԴʵ̫ˡ
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ⲻʦװͬǿʦװмףǸʦ
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֪˶ãҵĴŴ򿪣˹ʿȲ߳ʮľϢܲϵɢţѹŸʿ޷վ


515 
˹ʦûдŻףӰڿնЩָоϵʦӵеķ
ʦҳΪʦˣ˹ʦɵ˰ʦǰü˵תܸʦллܸ˵ά֮飡
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516 
֮ǰûκӽյҴ˲²⣡
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ңԶľ룬ΪռصͨɴӿռêʱѾλ÷ܲ
Ǿɴֵ˲䣬÷ܲİȫϵͳͷ˾ɴ
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߼ʹְȫϵͳ
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517 
˹ʦűɪķʦɪķʦϴ˸Ϣʮֲϰߡ
Ҳ鲻޷֮ǰǲ˥ϵģÿһλ鶼Ǵġ
ڰ˹ʦ˵ɪķʦϵĸϢ޷ܵġ
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ݰȫЭ鿴ƹƽʵȴһεЭ顣
߼ڲִ⼸߼ˡ
ĿȨ߼ǰۿۡ
һݰȫЭ黹߼òȡģΪݰȫЭ鸶˼Ĵۡ
ʵ߼йĽӴ˫Դáó׵ȷ棬ûʲô
ܹ߼亱궼ѵһΣ԰ȫЭ黹һ̶ϱ
ɪķʦϵı齩סˣ֪߼ʦûԤϵԷ˴
ô˵Ҳʮżʦλʦͬȼʦ
ɱɪķʦ뵽뵽÷УѹеĲ
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ԭԼǰ÷нС
ɪķʦǰֹλʦڷĿռʱӿĿֲεֹͣ뷨
ʦ취ӣɪķʦΨһܹģһ
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ܣҳץ˹ʦʦ˵
ʦ˵ͷռ򱻻ԾľΧ
ʮżʦƵľʮ˼ʵ޷ͻƬľƿġ
˹ʦʦ׼޳ǰ˿ռǰ
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ûٸ˹ʦᣬ޹ǰŰ˹ʦƶȥ
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Ű˹ʦֱۣһ߰ڰ˹ʦߡ
˵ߣʵǲԵģӦ˵ԭʼΪ
κյģӻ򴫳ͻһС
˹ʦˣӦ˴⣬ץסĲӣַʽȴҲʧȥʹֵĻᡣ
ΪӴģ޷
ڵİ˹ʦֻܹϵĵڵʮżľٵľһ޵׶һĽЩľյ
ð˹ʦľģʮżľʵۿɼٶȲš
ôţҲʵٶȡ
һжԴڰ˹ʦľԡӢ߼ľʦԣиӰ˺
Ƕ˵Ǵ֮ر˹ʦһ𣬸ð˹ʦ޷ľɹ̡
Ϊ̰ѣ˹ʦӿÿһ˿ʮżľɵڣΪݡ
˵˹ʦȫ乥ನÿռڲ
ķɣð˹ʦĹನ޷뿪ͱ˸ɾ
һΣ˹ʦˣֻԶŮԵϸСš
ЩϸС͵Ŀֲǰ˹ʦҲ޷ƻǡ
˹ʦҪԮźţϵͳ豸ѾĲбƻˡ


518 ɱ
˹ʦſ죬ҪԼȥ
ſ֮ʱϸС˳ſ뵽ڡ
Ҫ֮еΪˡ
ϸС뵽˹ʦںϵţռÿһ䡣
˹ʦоԼڱһֻ޴ȡԼڵһУֻӡ
ľۺ񣬿ɲôι
ʱϢﵽʮ߼۷壬ҪﵽʵҪٹʱ䡣
Ű˹ʦĹף̶̵ʱʵʹﵽʮ߼۷塣
˹ʦҲ֪ʵﵽ˱۷壬Ӧòˡ
ʵˣǳģʵﵽʮ߼۷ڼŰ˹ʦʮżľ
Ҳʱ䣬Ϣס֪ʦʮ߼ʮ˼ɶȹˡ
ʮ˼󣬰˹ʦоǿˡ
Ϊµģֵ˹ʦڣѾϸС̽ϵֵ
˹ʦŬţҪⶼ޼µġ
ռڵʦ֪ҪעռһҪСܵӴڣһ滹ҪעǷʦ
ټػţ˵ػλʦû˿ãܹ𵽼ڲϢй©Ч
˵ԴϢϵͳ˹ʦûȽƻ
ȻʦĿռڲڰ˹ʦΡ
԰˹ʦʵ˵СС÷Уǣǿеġ
ڽʦͷУûа˹ʦµ뷨
˹ʦڵϸСҵϵֵϸСϵְ
ȸղŸΪǿҵɿʼˣʱѾǰ˹ʦʮżľˣϵڵʮżľܿƵıֱɡ
ԭ࿡˫İ˹ʦʱ˥ϵļʧġ
ľɣԼϸСڣڲϵĶ˺
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ǵģ뵽䣬ȫʧȥκεֶΣ屻޷ڵϵֱƣʮżľΪ
ʵڷţˣ߼ʦԸһЩ鷳Ҫɵɱǲܵġ
˹ʦʮżľڱɵĹУʵ
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ʮܹɱ˹ʦźܴɷֵġ
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ĿռŴռŴ򿪣Ű˹ʦʬС
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ľսָϼ˶飬ǰѳսսָȡһֻӽС
ʦվ̫֮Уʱλʮżʦˡ
λʮżʦûֹʦûҪռ뷨
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Ӣ۹ľʦǾ
ֻҪ̫Σ澫ʦΪΪǰȫЭ涨ģҲһεѡ
÷̫ܲУ˱ɪķʦλʮżʦԼʦ⣬ûκ˸ڳ̫С
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˿ռ֪Ȼڻе÷ܼҡɯԼλϵ߽ʿ
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ûзְ˹ʦ˹ʦʧһ㡣
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ڣռڻţûκεĻ
԰ٷ֮ٿ϶˹ʦû뿪ռΪڿռ⡣
ͻȻ䣬ʦ뵽һֿԣȡһĿռų֡
ռǰռź֮׵һ˿ռʧȥϵ
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¶԰˹ʦģʵͰǰҪô˹ʦˣҪô˹ʦͨ뿪׷ȥˡ
ǾʦִҲйصģ°˹ʦҪ׷Ŀ꣬Ҳͨϵͳ֪ʦ
ϵͳӵȨ޵ģֻҪһͷͿԲٿء
ռţһڸʦż˼ûֹͣܿ뵽˹ؼ
ת뿪˿ռ˱ɪķʦλʮżʦǰ
ҪеĿռ򣡡ʦ
ϵϢΣգ˹ʦʧЩҪʧء
ɪķʦԥλʦȴûԥ
û⣬еĿռ򶼿룡һλʦ˵
ʦ˵ͷҲûил˼һռȥ
ʦͬ⣬÷еİȫϵͳԶеĿռڡ
Ҳ̫۸ˣɪķʦ˵
ûдλʮżʦķΧλʮżʦЧ
ɪķʦ㻹ûп𣿽ռľʦ⣬ʱǾʦʦȰ
ˣǿռ˭ģҲʦʵ
ܺ棬λʮżʦΪʲô궼ûзˡ
ʦĿռ򣬿ʦʵܹеĹʮżľʦ˵ˣô뾫ʦͻɪķʦҡͷص
¸ûıҪĿռҲλʮżʦûвμף᲻֪ܶʦ֪ռ˭
׵ǣô츳Ҳʮ˼ʦܹʮżʦϵ
Ҫ˵˾ʦ͸ˣǿľʦӴ޷쵽Ӻ˵


519 Զ
ͨԶ155ٻ˹
Զ155ű򣬵ռֿλ˲һСʱ͵ˡ
Զ155ŷǣڿռнռֿǣ뿪÷ܲ
УûоκˣʱĽʦڷһռѰҡ
Ϊλʮżʦ棬ʦֽﰭȫɱ뷨
жˣӢ۹ûоʦڴ类ɱ֮·
ʦԽԽ䣬ȫһȷ˹ʦʧˡ
ʱʦȥϢ֪﷢顣
ʦյʦϢûǰ֪ԼȥһܹȽʦĸá
ȥֻʦЦûִ㡣
ͨͨʦϮӢ۹ʦʦ׼ȷϢģԻһƿҩ׽ʦģʮƿҩ߻ȡֵͬƷʦ˼Ƭ̣ʦ´
ʦյʦĻظͨȨޣӢ۹´ͨ
ɪķʦʦټռһʱȴǸоݿϢ
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ǳԼĿǰԶؾʮżԴԴ
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ԼڱɪķʦλãҲҪȿǵ÷е档
ŬԼӢ۹ϵ˵ҪϵôֻһϵǾǲ
뵽뵽ǰӢ۹ڲʱ䣬ɱ˹󲻾ã֮ʹľʱƯ̫
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Ϊľʱ뿪壬űӢ۹ľʱӵλá
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ЩѾҪˣ߼Ӣ۹ͨԼκ˽Ӵ
⵹ǲǰѣЩѶ޷ṩκΰҲ뿼ԣΪ¸Ѵ鷳
Ϊ˻˵ģȷʵԼҪİֻƾеԴͿ
ҲǿԴĻҪһЩȴǳ˾󲿷ֵʦ
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ܶʦΪӢ۹ͼֶΡ
ʦ˵ȴ޷ֹʦҪ֪ʦ٣ΪӢ۹ıʵ̫ˡ
߼ҩֻһƿҩҩĻûᣬһֱֻвμսһ;
ҪμսҪʵﵽʮ˼֮о󲿷ֵʦʮʮ߼ʦʮ˼ʦԶǼٵġ
ټսͨרȨʮ˼ʦμӵʸûС
ⲢӰ߼ҩܹǿʦӳҩʮżʦʮꡣ
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ʦܸʦһָоӢ۹һֱҪӲлʲô
ĿٳɳټǰְҵսݣԼһϵ˵ս̫ɺðʦһЩ²⡣
ҲΪΰʦܸʦύʱǼСģϢӢ۹֪
ҽʱԣȻ˹ʦͷ˵
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ʦɲΪ߼Ӣ۹ڲʧȥüֵ󣬻Բбӻ
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ļǲڲʧȥӻԸģܹԲֵģֻж
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ڿƼ·棬ļƼȻʱ̻޷͸ѾõоɹòڿƼ泬еĶҲˮƽ
ٹЩ꣬ȫ͸ļƼĿƼˮƽĶˮƽ
˵ʿʵһ߽ҩߣԼ߽ҩ䷽òʿԸ㡣
ʦսܸʦ밢ʦʮ߼ʦĶǼԻ׺ǵս㹻ˡ
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ʦעŵʱڿռֿľϵռڡ
վԣڸոհӥӰӡķٳ㹻Ŀռǿɻ
ȴǷˣڵ֮ʱΪӵĹϵҪΪǾʦվǰ
ˣԭԶŮԵݣԶŮԶʱҲŮԶִϻŲġ
ԶŮԵͺܳȫƻòϵŵ㣬֮ǰһֱûн䵱Ůԡ
ͱִͣ׳ʵҲ޳עĶ䣬˼Ķ䡣
ʱһӵоݣżľ顣
ڲ֮ϾΪվʦʱܿյʲô
뵽˰ǲѪõԲ̣Բ̵ĻͿԲһڵѪǲ˾Ѫ
жȷģɰ˹ʦʮżľʱʱֱܹ֮ӽʮżΪڰ˹ʦ֮ǰ˹ʦĴѪˡ
ԶıټϾѪõ˼ĺô


520 ̵
ΪǿĴڣǿĴȴЩΡ
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Ļһλʮżľ飬߼ʮżʦԽɱ
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Ҳ˹ʦսǰ˹ʦץסģʹð˹ʦʧȥ˼ֵĻᣬװɫ׵ĻҲʧȥˡ
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⵹ġӢ߼ҪѪܹġ
ʵϡӢ߼ֻ;һǵõӢ۹ǰС
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521 ʮ
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ѾǼ˲ˣ׶ٶںѪԼռǿԶźɫʯĹͬʹãܹ˳̶ȵЧ
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ԣҪĻǿԼʵӢ߼ֻܹˣȻҪԡ׶Ϊ޹
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522 Դ
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523 ػ
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524 ʵ
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525 
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526 ɱ
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еĲ಻νԶ155ţڣҲûбȻİܹڿƼӢ۹Կ
ľʱ̱ϵһԶ155ɨ֣һʱ֪
ʦ߷ֽǹ߶֧ϵ
ʮżٿصľϵڡ÷طļӳ£ԶԸʮżڵʦˡ
һӥĽ£ϵľֽӥС
ʮżʦսһ㶼
СͿռΪڻרڴɱĿռ豸Ŀռѱ֡
ȻҲûСͿռȫʦ˴˼ľһ̶ʱʮżʦƿأͿʹ䷢СͿռĴڡ
õľȳֻᣬʮżϵʦڹϱͱʮżϵʦҪԶϲ١
ټʦ֪Ĵڣռ˼ıˡ
ʦž裬ΪԼܵϮ
ҪΪʵ֮ǰ鱨ʵ˫ϵʮ˼Ȼʵ侪ޣûдﵽвʮżʦĳ̶ȡ
ʦ̶̵Уٴνʮż
һδε漣ʦΪԽ漣һֱȥ
ʦܿΪжϸۣ̤뵽ľϵΧʱĹˡ
ϵС͸ռڷ˶ʦĽǰ
ʦûзֵܵ˾ϵĹϵĻζţ·һ̾ͻᱻƿ
ʦʮżʵѾʮżʵǳǿġ
󲿷ֵʮżʦǻʮżڣⲻΪ츳⣬Դ
ʦæȡǰһƬԽ⡣
Ǿϵޱ̽뾫ϵ̾޿ײ㣬ڻԽвϵ͸ٴ͸
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ϵʦͬ׵ľϵʦȣٶϣǹ϶Ҫһ
Ҫʮżڣʦʮżڣⳡսͷֳ˽
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ǱյɨϢλʮʦڸϹ
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ˣЩ뿪а
ϵ˽ӥӥСͿռгŶʦ
ӥٶʵ̫ˣʦƣӦöϵڷʮżϵϢʱһͷĽǰ
ʦһǴϲ
ҪһֱԶþϵƾʮżϵʵԿԶ̹øٶȺ
Լƣ˶ʦĽǰ
ϵʦĽսԶԶϵʦģʦطӰԭʧǰ
޴ĻԽ⼸Ҫȫǣʦűʤģһʳָ׼Լ
ʦоĪ֮ʱһ罫ȫ
ϵûлƵĻ֣Ĺ£붼û֧
ʦڸֱ֪ƣɷһС
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ԶڿٽӽеĿʦʦһЦµĽӥתͼٺ󳷣ܿԶս
ʦʦս˶ʦƯ̫֮С
ʦĴԺһѪһƾ֪ûκλȻˡ
֮ǰλʮ߼ʦȣڿʦλʮżʦеı⣬Ĺ˼ɡ
ȻûܹʱϵսȴǸ֪սನ
ǼΪ϶ʦսбɱġ
˵ʲô
ѾΪʮżΪһʮżʦսϳЩǰ
һ̣ʦʦſʼڡ
Ҫ֪ʵʮżôҲĴΪеġ
Ӣ۹֮ĳͻ߼֮ĳͻйìܣڸ˾޴ʧҲƽϢĳޡ
ʦʦϢʦٲֵĻǾ룡ʦʦ˵
ͷϢʦҲ׵ǰأͷͬ
ܹڶ̶̵ʱлɱʦôֻҪλʮżʦ䵥ͬ׵ıɱ
ֱڣʦʦΪǱǾߵġ
Ҫһֱĳ־ʾսȫʹá򡯽еʦȫɱ
˵Щʵʮżʦǿʦʦܹʮż֧ϢǼ֮¡
ľʦڸӣѹʹá򡯵
ǻɱʦʱʹˡ򡯣ҲǿͻϮ򡯵ķΧСɱʦʱҲûʹá򡯡
ʦϢǽʦ괦ʦʦ˵
һʦǲᱻģʦҡͷ˵
Ǿʦ㿴ʱأʦ˾˵
μƻģӢ۹ϵҲģһҪӦ֮¡
ʦʮֵĽƻҪСģʦûжȰҲû취£Ҫ֮һȥա
ʦصĵ˵ͷʵһ㼶ֶηûʮ˼ʦˡ
ʵԽʦԽ׻ñƷ
Ҫʮżʦڵʵ̫ǿʹñƷҪõĲ֧ʮżʦ塣
ܹʮżʦʹõıƷ亱Զż֣̽ҲǱǿػʦգΪĴ֮
ʦʦԶûʧȥǰԴϻ㲻ȴûбƷ
йأĳһ귢ʮżʦƷҲᱻʱǿʮżʦգ֮ͲڵΪλʮżʦĴƷ
ʦСĵĽ֪ŵûֱ߷УԲ·ָ귽ȥ
жһֻܣһ˸ߵܣȫסֻҪעĹ
ʦתſռȥ̫Уܸоһ̾ͻᱻ
пʦʦоԼΪȫһЩʦҲСĵĽŵ
λʮżʦû׷֣ȷһʲôŹ֡
رͨԶ155ŵɨ跢ֿʦʦֿˣеĹŹָиǿҡ
ڿʦʦעһʦԶռʱλʮżʦӦû㼯һ𣬶Ƿֿ
ʦʦֿôضĳ⡣
ʦķв죬һ˷ʦ߼ʲôԤı


527 ѡ
˾֪ͨ˽ӥӥʦȥĿռȥ
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ӿʦΪԿĳҲûвڿռ
Ϣʱ䣬ӥ˿ռǰ
ķҽȥҪȨޣķ
ķ˶̾ռƶ뵽˿ռڡ
һռڣľȫſ
ԿռڲĿռСоʦڵĻľԿԷ֡
ռռԭľ޷ռڲ̽ġ
ȴã˵ռڲʦ˴֮ҲҪģټϿռҲйϵͳ
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ڲĶʮʮʮ˼ʦԼʮżʦ¶ʮż緶Χڡ
ʲô


ܹʱ򷢳ģֻλʮ˼ʦʮżڼһϢʱ䡣
ʮʮ߼ʦĻᶼûУϵּڸʧˡ
ʮ˼ʦֻʮʮ߼ʦôһ˿֪ԼʲôЩʮʮ߼ʦܶʲôûףͱʮżûˡ
ʦ˾֮ɫãⲢܼľ
ԴڵĿռƻͱռ˳뵽ʮż֮С
ʦʦԳƵǿġ
صйأżǿķ˵㣬ȴʦܿġ
ʦʮż֮У͸оֲϵҡţҪԣͲ֪ƿٴˡ
ƻ֪Ϊϵڵʮżӿһ֣Ҫֵٶȡ
Ҳʦ֧ʱ䣬šƿ硯ɲãʦܵĹԽԽࡣ
ʦ֣ͬʱǧʮż繥š
ֵķǿҲ޷ֵסôʮżĹ
ʦܹ֧ʱ䣬ط󻯼ǿϵ֮ͨͨʱıǿֵķ
طҪǵ֧ŲסʱԶġ
طʦһδս֮л
ɽǿķطҲ޷ֵס򡯵Ĺ
ʦڱ֮ʱһƬãⳬʮżʲô˽ʱ䣬Ҳûмֹʽ
ǺΪҪƺ˵˥
˵˶ʧ˥֮󣬵ĸͻᷴѹеȨƹ󣬵ҲͳΪһ
ľɨʦսָΡ򡯵Ĺ̫Ѹ٣󲿷ֵʦûļս׼
Ȼս׼ͬ޷ֵסʮż򡯡
ķ뿪ûԸ
뿪˿ռ̫ջ
֮ǰûῼʦǷ˿ռñΪ׷ĿʦЩ֪롣
ʦæʦϢҪѯӦô죬ɾʦûлظ
ûյʦϢֻվ̫֮УĿſռϣ޷ռڡ
ռɲͽģҪһȨ޲ܹ쵽
Ϊ˷ֹȨޱƽ⣬ڿռϵĿϵͳУ˹˲ķʽ̶ȷֹܵƽ⡣
ʦͨ׵Զ̳ϵͳӰʧ׿ռûеס
ڿʦǷ񷵻ذʦʱȴֳ̫ա
ռ򣬵뿪ռһȥһ㡣
ʦΪôͳˣѵ֪Ѷˣʦ˳
վ̫֮УͨԶ155ɨ裬֪ʦ֮ǰλϡ
ͬͨ񡯻׿˿ʦλʦ̫ңң
֮ľʵ϶ʮżʦԣôԶľĲʲô
ֻҪҪսôҲһγѡ
ÿԽξ룬ǿơ
ϧʦûжʦǿģվڿռ⣬ô̶֪ܴܲʦǳ˴鷳
վһλʮżʦʱԳֵλϣǾϵʦὫԼһλʮżϵʦʱԽľء
ͨһ㣬ټ֮ǰʦ˲䱻ɱͿжϳʵǿκһλʮżʦĶ֡
ʦںڣӦʦֿġ
ʦֿʦͲˡ
֪ʵǿ£֪оʦԣתͷˡ
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ſʦľܹжϳȿʦࡣ
ڰٷ֮ٿ϶ˣʦǱ߾ڡ
ֳսʦվӣͺ˵ˡ
ϧԶ155ôɨ裬޷ŵľʦ
֪Ӣ۹ǼλʦһǿԿ϶ģǾǲֻһλʮżʦ
֮ǰѾһλʮżʦ䲻֣Ӣ۹ɲ֪һ㣬ɱʮżʦ֮¾ͷϡ
Ӣ۹ҪԸǰնԸǿʮżʦı׼еġ
һЦµĽӥŷȥ
ʦһû׷ֻܿӰԽԽԶʧҰ֮С
һƼֶΣùѧڸƶʧļ
Ҳ뿼ʦľ㹻ԶһЩĻʦԻ׾зѧĹܡ
ԼϢȫȻ֮ǰڵСͿռӰٻ˳Ϊ֧ܣǹ֧ϡ
˳Զ̾ѻ׼Ŀ겢ǿʦ
ͨԶ155ŵɨ裬֪ʦ
ʦûвʲôʱɱ䶼ԣһûлɱпʱһˣԶ̻ǽսɽʦ
ʵʦʮżʦѾٱС
öʦʦλʮżʦ֤ģȷԼսˮƽ
ʦоԼɵӰ㣬ԶˣûоʦҾ뿪
ϵĸʦϢΨһĻظǡţ
֪ԼҪȶãռʦ⣬ʦʦһˡ
ĵֻһܹʱֵʮżʦλʮżʦ˥Ͻ׶Σ֡
ԭԶأڵļλʮżʦһʮżʦ֮һû㹻Դ˵ľ档
ʱǵ˥ʼû뵽һӢ۹ȴֵǰ
ʦһǿʢĵô
ȷʵ˾޴ʧʧֻõʧһЩƤëû˽ǡ
ڵĵʧλսʮżʦʮʦʹõʵսһǧɡ
ʦ֪˶ãк˼ţеľ޴һֱӳ֡
뾫ʦڱƴģͿ˭һֲס
ʵʦ޷ˣⳡĶԾУҪֻһ߶ѡ
ʮСʱʮСʱһ죬죬ʦʮżʦҲΪʱʲôӰ졣
ȴʱԽԽ뷨ԽԽ࣬˼Ļңоʱ伫
͡ꡢڡյȸͣŤ壬ڲ뿪λãҲֻ
ˣʦԸЩӦǲµڣһŮڿʦĶ


528 ɱ
һˮ֣λʦˮ߳
ͨԶ155ɨ۲ɵһѹһֱЩӦԭλʦ
λʦȫʮżһʮżĩڵʵ
ʵľʦ˵λһλԺɨˣȻ⵱г˰ǡ
ȻʵǣһλʦҲͬûʲô
򡯵ս̬˭֪ʦ᲻ʲôֻҪһλʦͻ鷳
λˣʦûϵʦ˵ʦļƻУֲ˵
¶ţʦôܲʦŭ˵
ôܲŭӢ۹ͨʱ䶼ûκεϢ
ԸϣλʦŻԹΪԽ鷳˭֪һա
ǿλʦ˽ӥٶȺıԭȵļƻĳɿʦ
Ҳûа취£λʦжϹǾȫҲԶԶȲϽӥٶȡ
ԭλʦļƻǵռʱλʦֲ뿪ķ
üƻٶ뾫ʦٶµǰµģǿƣʵʩΧ
ɵٶԶԶʱƻʧȥ˼ֵ
ʦʦĻһʱ֮䶼֪λˡ
ôĴۣ˵йΣҲжΰɡ
˵ˣʦֲõΣе鷳ȫ˵ͷϡ
ʦҪֿʦѾˣӶ˼ʦº͵Ȱ˵
ʦмʦл֮ˡ
ҲǼʦǵͨһƿҩˣӶ˼ʦȡһƿҩ׸˿ʦ󵭵˵
һ˲䣬ʦԼӶ˼ʦĺøʧ٣ŵλʮżʦʮλʦĴۣǰΪε׼࣬һƿҩˡ
ʦеҩһֽҩ׻Ӷ˼ʦ뷨
ѹסֳ嶯˵ĵǵǿ֮ʱҲ޷Ӣ۹ȡ
˵Ӣ۹ˣǰλʦеκһλõʧ
ô˽лл˵𣿡ʦüЩĿʦʵ
ллʦӵıеҩ˵
˵лתԶȥٵ뿪о衣
ڿʦת뿪ʱǡɴʦһֱϡ
ɲʲôǡɣһֱڵᣬͨķŻһֱȴš
λʦ֮ʱ׼ʹǹгԶ̵ľѻ
ĳɹʣʱʹǹгԶ̾ѻĳɹʲ13%
ǽͨжϳľ˹ʦʵԴжʮżʦʵ
13%ĳɹʵ̫ˣ˷ôõĻᡣ
ȴѵʱʦס˾ѻ·ʱĳɹӵ69%
˿ԥǹ
ڱУߵĿʦܡ
û뵽ûߣⶼȥ죬뷨βԶ֮ʱѾ뿪Ƭ
ʦʱһֻ뿪˵أֻһ̶ˡ
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ûγĹֶû
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ڿʦͷ֮ʱȴǱǿҵľ
ʹǹԶ̾ѻʦĻʦ̵ʱӦԾٶ츳ȫܿǹĳԶ̾ѻҲûпܡ
ѡĹʱ̫죬ǿʦλʦǰֳųΣλʦԿʦ֮ʱ
˵Ҳ֣ҪǿʦڴλʦƿʦǷܹǸ⡣
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ĿⶼĿȻҲûмӦעʦˡ
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ʦǸշɳȥûжԶλʦľǳ֮ڻԣ㲻Ǿ롣
СģӶ˼ʦе
гʱʦľֱƿһССüλá
ʮżھǹѹǿ󣬻Ϊ˱ʮżǿ
ΪؼǣʦӦʱʵ̫ˣ̵ľֶûаٷ֮ٷá
ǱطһֻҪһͻᱻ
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иǰᣬҪ֪Σ١
пʦʹýʦûеһʱ֪֪ʱѾ֡
ʱʦѾȴûдﵽٷ֮ٵķЧ
£һӾʹľ֣䴩˽ʦͷ­
ʦ֪ǿľǷֲʱӶ˼ʦλʦʦʩչطϢ
ǳϧǼӶ˼ʦ飬ôʩչط޷ȻһԱƻʦ
ڷ˹ͨԶ155ŽջԶ155ڡ
ͨԶ155ŵɨ迴ս¶һ˿֮ɫ
еǹβӳǹʹʱ䡣
ɲԶ̾ѻʤǿʤžԵá
ڷֽʦλʦɳ˳Ź·׷ٶȥ
ھʦʱֽʦ˼Ӷ˼ʦ
ʦʬļӶ˼ʦгŷŭ
ʵ̫ˣǴƣȴǷʧһλʦ
ʦڸܵλʦʱвû˺˼Ϊλʦ·ˡ
ǵʦ䣬ʦҲ˵ʲô׼ʦ׷ٵĻᣬ뿪ԶΣա
˭ܵģһҲ޷ֲʦ䣡Ӷ˼ʦŭȵ
ֲʮżľΪ˳ƬľҪ뿪ĿʦΧסˣڿʦĽڷֽʦɱԼҲһɱʱˡ
ʮżľľֵû˺ʦ
Ӷ˼ʦʦ޹أǵΪĿģʦŬ͵
㻹ҷǲʦıҪݺʦӶ˼ʦû˾Ӧеţһ߼ӴԾͣһߺ޺޵˵
ʦżӶ˼ʦףӦòǾӦеס
νȫǼװģʲôоĻϲΪס
֮λ޴ǣʦӵѹٱл롣
նʦһӳһʵĽɫ⡣
ɫھʮ׵ľ룬ͱĥʧ֮С
ʦ֮ɫѾȫһɵЧʵ̫ˡ
ʦ߼ʦĲ࣬ķΧаףʦҪͻΧҪʮĽ⡣
ڼӶ˼ʦҲ濼ʦӦģֻҪϼӴ󾣼ķΧʹþͿԽʦĺ
˵ˣһֱڷʦĽ֣Ȳʮ⣬־֧Ųסˡ
Ӷ˼ʦеķŭôÿʦôãɫ֮гɫͼơ
˻䣬ɫ׷Χȫǡ
׼ڶĿʦͻȻĽڿٱš
ľɫĶͨط߷ľ綾ľĲͬȼͬЧ
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ôȲϽģĽֲϵĻζš
һ̣޷֧֣ɫʴƿ
һĲҽڿʦĿзɫˡ
Ӷ˼ʦƺǲÿʦôɫɵĿʦϵĲҽš
һλܹսʮżʦջǵս֮ϣֻΪģλʮżʦսʱ䡣


529 Ϣ
ȻĿԶ155ɨ׼һ߶λʮżʦԶ155ţԶ155žȫ뿪
Զ155ŵٶȣֻҪǱһסǷǳ׵ġ
Ҳλʦˣҡҡͷ
ᶨ˲ھʦֵ֮뷨²Ӣ۹Ӧദľʱӡ
˵ľʱദԾʦֶΣҲܹ
֣һ߹עλʮżʦ̽һ߿ŻվŮԾʦԵļӶ˼ʦ
λʮżʦϵɫ׶̽ţǶɫ׵̽Ρ
ҵˣһλʮżʦ˻ͬ˵
λʮżʦͬʱ֣ƬɫһƬ
СͿռ֮ǰȷʵġ
ռĿռɫϵʴţܿͱƿ
λʮżʦʧˣΪСͿռڲûڡ
ˣʮżʦٴ̽һŰյ˵
ǹ̽ûбȻץסģǿǼӥٶȣ֪ûγɰΧ£Ҫץס̫ʵ֡
λʮżʦΪ˽ʦԶ̾ɱòΪ׷Ӣ۹
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ûеȼӶ˼ʦӶ˼ʦʦͬһҾɴģ뿪ʱӶ˼ʦҲǴŽʦʬһҾɴ뿪
ܿ쾫ɴʧֻ˼Ӷ˼ʦ֮С
Щ֣ڵһᣬƶսƻ
ɹĻлʦһļ䡣
ھʦɴ뿪˲䣬ǹɴ٣޷ɾʦˣԶһ¾ʦˡ
û뵽ʦ뿪һʦ뿪ûǹ
ļӶ˼ʦȡɴʱȴӶ˼ʦû˿
£ʹǹΪʱĹû˿á
ʦɣھʣˣҲʮżʦǹƽһսӶ˼ʦĶܷ
һ˿ԼڵλãȷʵԶ155ڣӶ˼ʦôֳ֪ģ
Ӷ˼ʦƺȷһ㣬ֻӳһԵơ
Ӣ۹Уֹ飬ͣʹô󲿷ֵľ鶼ɻ顣
ԸͶ֮УӶ˼ʦԸɻľ顣
Ӷ˼ʦһֱӽʦΪĿ꣬ԭ׼ʦԼ뷨
ϣԼʦͨȻķʽӵһǵĺ»ٵͣҲԸⳢԡ
ĳԶ̾ѻüӶ˼ʦϣ𣬼Ӷ˼ʦִҪɱ
Ӷ˼ʦִΪڣͨĳַʽ۲ߡ
ʦǹƽһսһҵսĹƽӶ˼ʦе
¶Ź֮ɫû뵽Ӷ˼ʦִŵҪһս
һһηӶ˼ʦÿԽ̽һ¾ʦս
Զ155ʻǱߣԸ
ҲǹеɢӰǹ
Զ155ڿռвкУûоռļӶ˼ʦ
Ӷ˼ʦһսûдüӶ˼ʦȥǲõԶ155ŵı¶ܡ
Ӷ˼ʦעܵһб仯ڵȴĻӦ
ɲܹ죬ֻΪ˸ʦһô׾뿪ˡ
λʦôҲġ
ΪӶ˼ʦԸԼն˵ʲôԣΪʦʲô
Ӷ˼ʦѾˣֻҪ֣ͨϵͳϢ֪ͨԮ
ҵռ䣡
Ӷ˼ʦоռ䲨ռ䲨ķһӰͻȻ֡
һӾ˳Ӣ۹ͨе
û˿ԥն˷ڸն׼Ϣ֮ʱһƬ򶼱ǡ
Ӷ˼ʦĸնűߵĿƼܹǷΧϵľնˣҲҪһġ
縲ǵ򣬸ն˵ͨѶˡ
ʦζԴʦģôμӶ˼ʦ
һռ䣬ͼˡƿ硯ǽƿ硯ȫʩš
Ϊĵһǧ뾶ΧУȫʮżš
ѧôܹѧϰģӶ˼ʦľ磬ɾг
֮дһּȵľƺܹƿһ޷顣
һʱûʱ롣
ûκʮżϵڼӶ˼ʦľʦЧⲻҪʵʩչͿԿ϶
ľϵʮżдڳڣܹԸʮżڵʮżʦǻľ㹻ǿűϵʦǿľԭ
ľҪԸʮżĩڣӵбǿʵľʦûʲôˡ
Ӷ˼ʦΨһ뷨ߣҪϢͻӢ۹
ѧĳֲӢ۹ҪѰҵǼƷͣõѧӢ۹żá
ʩչѧ󣬼Ӷ˼ʦûս
ѧͱϵǿǶԪ֤ʵġ
Ӷ˼ʦԸ֪Լľֱ񹥻ţҪġʵһ㣬ľֻѾ޷ˡ
¾ҲоԼ֧Ÿʮ룬ľͻִʧʱҲΪ
һԶϢӳУʦͬӢ۹ĵԶҪǿ̫࣬һЩʦӵбƷ֮¡
ʦ㽫·ӣӶ˼ʦڴ߶򡯵˵
˵һ仰еԶӣһռҪռС
ķֹķ
Ӷ˼ʦ˵в֮ΪµĸһԤԡ
ΪӢ۹һ֪˰ѧôץĽʮżʦ
Ӣ۹ɳʮĿֲڣ˵ֲֿ뿪Ӣ۹СӰ죬ΪΪ˰ѧӢ۹ġ
Ǹʱ򣬽ʦĴҲһͬˡ
Ӷ˼ʦţҪռʱռͨȴʧˡ
ҪһܹʮżϵʦȶռͨʹԾ޴ľɴԱƷɵĿռͨס
ҪƷĲʱܹҪĿռͬʱסɿռķɡ
ôѽɵĿռͨҪƻȴǺס
ȻǶӵпռķԵģķֻڿռͨ޸һռλãÿռͨȶֱɢˡ
Ӷ˼ʦ飬ԼϵĿռʧҲûܹ뵽ռͨûܹ뿪սûİΧ
һ䣬ľ⣬˴ľ赲ľֵʴ
ϧֶܾ٣ᱻѸû
طһַΧؼ汸طַΧ롮ȴǸ޷ȡ
طľÿһֻҪ֣Ҫٱ磬û˿ӳٵľͱݻ١
Ӷ˼ʦʩչطǼӴľģĴӼѡ
ڽӶ˼ʦȫס󣬱ġʩչаɡ


530 
ӼӶ˼ʦгѧ֮󣬼Ӷ˼ʦߵ뷨ûһ˿֮ǰҪսļ
ˡѧһʲôܣüӶ˼ʦıս뷨
رǼӶ˼ʦ˵Ǿ䡮·ӡƶţǧ뿪
üӶ˼ʦѧϢ룬ָоϢӰ쵽Լˡ
Ӷ˼ʦ䲻ʵؽе
ľ־ͱƿˣ屻֣ȫĲܿϢɢ
ͻȻһĹüӶ˼ʦܹԴϢ
Ӷ˼ʦо֮ʱһӰԳ֡
һֱ֮ǰѧľһλŮԾʦʮżľڡӢ߼ʮżľ
Ӷ˼ʦ԰ٷ֮ٿ϶һλӢ۹ľʦ
ûмλʦ⵹˵ʶӢ۹еľʦӢ۹Щ⣬ִܹľʦࡣ
³ֵľʦԲִľʦ
üӶ˼ʦǣ⾫ʦƵģⳬ⡣
ʲôʱʦԿƾʦˣ
Ӷ˼ʦʱ仹ܹ˼ȴ޷κεĶ޷
Ϊһֱڳţ崦ڳ״̬
ٻȻˣ뵽Ϊܹʵһʮżһλʦ
ϵʵҪҪӢ߼һЩ
ΪսָУһʮСʱϵţûһֹͣ
֪һܹʵķǾһλʦ
ֱɱӶ˼ʦüӶ˼ʦɣôõĻɲᾭС
Ѿ˼Ӷ˼ʦǰڼӶ˼ʦĿУȫϸС
ֹĳ˵ǵһμļӶ˼ʦˣǼεЩ̫ϰߡ
ϸС˼Ӷ˼ʦ壬һҪȶԸ˹ʦΪɡ
һʵߴʮżͬˡӢ߼ٲ֮ǰǸľٿ͵ˡ
һӶ˼ʦԣûľ֣ڵľ޷ơ
һļӶ˼ʦԾһʳ
Ŀ£ϵͬӰ졣
ϸСӶ˼ʦȫӹˣӶ˼ʦڵľһɸɾ֮Ӷ˼ʦϵʧء
һʱģӶ˼ʦľ˴룬ϵɹ̻ɵģϵ֣ǻ˴ʮżľ
żӶ˼ʦʧȥ˶ƿأûٵȴӶ˼ʦսָװȡ£Ӷ˼ʦսһõսָС
ʱļӶ˼ʦû˿һƷıսսָ
ֽʦʬϵսָװȡ£ԥһ£ǽʬ
֪ʦʬǷã֮Ҳˡ
ӰʧٴγԶ155ڣԶ155ż뿪
ʮӺһҾµľɴ֣Ǹ뿪õλʦˡ
ǻطûеȵӶ˼ʦ
ΪӶ˼ʦڱ֮УҪʦһʱ䡣
ɹȥʮӣǾͲôΪˣӶ˼ʦΣյ򣬻᲻ʲô£
λʦսȴʲôûз֣ûмӶ˼ʦҲûнʦʬ壬ǼӶ˼ʦѾ뿪һ㡣
λʦʮӶ˼ʦû뿪
ռ亽вͬӢ۹ĳԶռƶҪϵǵľĸӶ˼ʦǷйԶռƶʮֺò顣
λʦ˻ţǿܣȻ󷵻˾ɴɴ˲ʧ
Ӷ˼ʦ֮ʵŵһģӶ˼ʦˣôеľλʦ
λʦΣУǽв̶˼̶߳ȣһбҪ㱨ʦ
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ϢǿΪ⡣
˼Ӷ˼ʦʵһӾʮżڡ
ֽʦʬӽսָû˼ܵϸСʦʬ
ٹ۲֮ľٶʼӶ˼ʦ֮ǰ˵Ļ
ѧʲô
ûиκεĴ𰸣ⲻܹ
ԶݿֻǹԶ155ҷɴģûжݡ
ڵݿҪǴϣԼΧõĴɡ
ѧ߼ڡֹһֳƺû߼ϵȻ޷
ݡѧʣͿԷһš
ġ¡ָܾԭǿҲΨһʮ
һĴս֮У֪٣˵һͬˡ
ѧָĳֹôһ޷͵ǰ
õģеõ飬ˡ򡯵ĴС
ҪǡǡѧôζŰй
˸ƺܵĸо
ϧһжĲ²⣬ûκε֤ݡ
һԿ϶Ǿǲκʱ¶򡯣رǲ߼֪
⡮ҲһȻǡѧô롮ڱͬԴġҲǲܱ¶ġ
ֹͣ˼ڡѧԼ򡯵ĹϵҪĿǣʵһЩͳץһλʦѯʾˡ
ȡλõսƷҪǽʦӶ˼ʦսָλľʦʹõĸնˣѾ
λʦɫ֮ǰõɫûжоֵ
ľ뵽ʦսָȹעȻԴ
һƿռҩƿУУİٶ߼ϵҩ
ɱ˷Żѽ΢ЦŽռҩƿ
һ߼ҩսֶһʱһݾҪʮ֡
սֶһģֻʮ˼߼ҩԶ߼ʦʹõ֧ʮŶʮҩ
Ҫͨ;õô߼ҩܹĳ߼пܡ
ֽսָһע˾ɴϡ
֮ǰõľʦսָвûоɴһþ;ɴ
ɴųɫĴ޴ֳ׷󣬶ھʹõƷϵõ֡
ɴྫƷ޷ɴһҷɴһԷŽղҵĶƷ
ɨһҾɴ֪ɴôռƶģ¶Ծɴͣ
ڲʱھɴĴ˵ʱõ˸Ĺھɴ
ɴκռͨȻֱӵκһλá
һżʣʲôˣⲢζԿռƼһ֪
Զ155ŵĿռƼǼǿģԶ155Ҳ޷ֳɿռͨ£Ŀռƶ
Զ155ſǾżĲ䱸ԼݿһЩԶ֮ʱԶ155ҲǵʱȽķɴ
ɾһԶžżķɴȻȲκһҾɴ޷ġ
ˣɴûԶռƶܣֻһԶԶܳռ䣬Զһ˲ϵܿ͸˻ش
شЩǲɨˡ
ۿλʮżʦɴʹÿռƶʧģô⾫ɴûԶռƶأ
ôɴôռͨأ
һƬ޷Ӣ۹߼ĿռƼ⣬޷⣬ǾرŹˡ
ҡҡͷɴֻܵղƷˡ
ԭԾɴԶռƶżȤӵоɴͿڴƶƶ
ȻԶܹռԶһȡϵôûгоɴ£ǲὫɴռģпܽλñ¶


531 ͻ
˾ɴսָ̽ţһлƵԲ̡
лƵԲ̣ͨʦսָУŲĹע
߼ʮżʦսָзֵģֵоһˡ
֪Ǻԭ򣬾ʦսָû֮ܹʦвЯƷͨƷ
þɨ˼飬ͨԼľжϺȷʲôŽԲȡ˳
ԲϴŵľϢĻƺһδԶͼơ
ľԶͼƼԲ̣Ľ顣
Բ̷ɫâľԲӿ
⾹ȻǸӢ߼˵
ԲϵͼƲ֪ǺͼƣӿľԱռڵҪŨܶࡣ
֪Բ̵ԭҲҪ֪ԭԲ̿Լӿ졮Ӣ߼ٶȾˡ
ԲսָеƷ鿴ˣûʲôܹġ
ֽӶ˼ʦսָȡУǵһó˿ռҩƿ
ͬһ߼ϵҩöռҩƿ߰ٶݡ
ĵЦ֮ǰҪʡһЩڿʮżʱǿһˡ
ʱЩϧʦ뿪ˣҪðգʱܹеľʦ
ȻҲֻѣʵһλʮżʦҪͬʱλʮżʦܻ©֮㡣
ġ򡯱¶ˣӶ˼ʦ˵·ˡ
Ӣ۹ĲϧһдҪץܹصĿԺܵ͡
Ų鿴Ӷ˼ʦսָһҾɴһ̽鶼ֱ̽ˡ
һӣһ۱ϳһռ䱣ơ
ܹʮżʦʹõĿռ䱣ƣǼıû뵽Ӷ˼ʦõһ飬սָлһ顣
Ƿֿռ䱣ʹúûãŷʹõڶռ䱣ơ
ҪЩʱ͵һֻҪķƿؿռռ䱣ƻǷǳЧġ
ֽսָŵһԣеսָǳ࣬һЩռرģĶԶ155ϡ
ˣֻնȡѵ
תĻϣ˵ͷԸ
ǰĹĻϣ˴ݣһЩµĵãӢ۹ڲĴҲͳһġ
ǽʦӶ˼ʦնڵĵŰٷ֮ʮ˵ͬ˹ʦնеĵֻаٷ֮ʮͬ
⣬ڼӶ˼ʦĸնУһϵʥط
һεõʦطʥطǳ򵥣ҪӢ߼ľ
ϵսǿⲢΪϵʮ˼ϵطֻ÷ṩġ
ڵĵ˿߼ľʦսٲʦԱȣҪǵ뾫ʦԱȡ
ΪŸеҪǿط
ʥط鷳ûнܵӢ۹ʥطеʹϵԽʥͼơ
ʥͼơ֮ǰѧϰʦطͼҪ౶ǰѧϰ÷еʦطʱ˲ٵʱ䡣
ڲͬˣľһ԰ϵʥͼơҪľǰֳɵͼƻƳ
СʱˡʥͼơĽҲ˵һ߼ϵط
ʥط֮һطԴơȶЧϧûо綾طʹáʥط޷ﵽǿ
Զ155ڣҲ޷ԡʥط
ֲ鿴Ѿʦʬˡ
ʱ޷ϲʲô̫ı仯Ӣ߼ʱĸı䡣
֮ǰӢ߼ЧͼѣٱԼЧҪϲ١
Ϊʱ˰˹ʦλʮżľʦǻڵʮżľǽ侫Ѫˡ
žѪļӳ֣Ӣ߼ЧȻͻм
˼Ӷ˼ʦ󣬳ڵľ⣬Ӷ˼ʦľѪһͬˡ
ľʦϣľѪǿʦľѪҲ޷쵽ġ
ֲı⣬Ѫ޷ʵֵģ˵ɵѪͨﵽʵ͸Ӳˡ
ֲѪֲż϶ȣϺγɵľѪҲ˱졣
˼Ӷ˼ʦʦ󣬵õλʦľѪҲľѪˡ
Ӣ۹ڲ֮Ҳֵ֮ͨġ
ֻԵǾѪŨȣѪԽŨľ飬ٶȾԽ죬ƿԽ٣Խ׽
Ӣ߼Ч֮ǰҪһࡣ
ٶȣҲʱ䣬Ϳʮżӯ
Զ155ŷص˿ռֿԶشʹ˿ռֿڡ
Ϊһռ䣬ӾʦõԲ̲⴦ռС
ûжã⴦ռľŨ̶Ⱦʹﵽ˾˵ĵزӯʱǰһ¡
źԼҲع鵽״̬鷳ˣָӢ۹ݺһǣ֮ǰеʧˡ
ֻҪٹһʱ䣬ϵʮ˼ʮżƿǲֽͿƿϵʮż֮¡
׼ͻϵʮżʱµϢҲ
ʦİɣŵʦ鱨ϵݣɪķʦʵ
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ʹ÷еһЩ޷ʱ˼ټϴŵ÷Уʹ÷뷨
÷бɪķʦڣʦֻһλʦʵû̫ʧʹ뷨Ҳûж
ʱУŵʦ뱾ɪķʦףʦȫܲʲôԶ֮١
ʦһֱܲӰ쵽ʦرһЩŹ̶ʦҪǳò̽жЩ̶ͻῼ½µʦ÷еʦ
ɾŵʦ뱾ɪķʦһĪչ֮ʱȴ˵λʮżʦԼʮʮʮ˼ʦϢ
ҪϢ鱨ϵͳ֤ʵǶ鱨ġ
ʦģɪķʦʮֿ϶˵
֪ʦ֮£ԼʱһЩϵ֮Уܹ˴ʧģҲֻˡ
ʦʵǲǴﵽʮżŵʦʳʱԼûе
ʮ˼ʱŽʦΪһʮʦ
˿ĽʮżҪ֪ʮ˼ͣꡣ
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ɪķʦλʦܲץһʦʧ٣Ҳһͬʧˡ
ʱɪķʦͲ²⵽ɱʮżʦʵڵõλʮżʦȫϢȷһ㡣
ɪķʦǻҪʦĿռԼˣŵʦԥһ˵
λʦ潫÷ܼɯ֮£ŵʦҲ֪ġ
ŵʦ֪ʱɪķʦûǣķʲô£Ӱ쵽÷е̬ȡ
ҪǱˣΪ˵º󣬻˭ҴŭʦɪķʦЦҡͷ˵
л֪Ҫ˵йصĹܼ÷ҲΪ֮ܵĺô
ȵٶԸ÷УҲ˶Ը÷еĴۣκԸΪһ棬һλɱλʮżʦ
籾ɪķʦһ֮ﴫ鱨ʾ÷еֶ˻ȥ
֮ǰռ÷еıˣҲɱͻء
ȻܵӢ۹ͨӰ죬ûʲôֱ÷б⣬Ӹ涼Կ÷еתָ֮ǰ״̬á
Ӣ۹ͨΪһֽģûʦȥҪϢ׷λá
˻ңչᣬڸҪԴϣʧȥ˶սĵ
ڵڲʼӴӰ죬ռΪС
仹λʮżʦûо棬ֻܹάԴռ


532 ̽
ʦ֪Լǵڼηŭˣû뵽ΪץȻʧλʦ
Ӣ۹ų߼żֲʵʵܹģҲʮλʮżʦѡ
˵˸ţӢ۹ⲿ򽻵İʦڣʮλʦ
лиԼҵȷģʵһЩľʦ
ӵʮżսľʦֻаʦʮλʮżʦ
һʧλʮżʦðʦֻ˾λʮżʦ
ȻⲢζӢ۹ûǿڣ󰢷ʦĶʮʦӢ۹ڲŲǰС
һЩ󲿷ֵľ鶼޷С
ʦҲ޷֤ϾǼƷûаٷٰ֮յ£뾪Ӣ۹ʦ
еսܹԸġ
ҪľҳλãֻͨôãҲûȷеϢ
һЩֶζˣϢ׷٣׷ٵȵȣ˵ܹʹõĿƼֶζˡ
Ϣ׷˵һ£÷ɴ뿪Ҳ԰ϢλҳɴµϢ
ٸݷɴ;Ϣ׷ٵλãͨռͨҲܹͨ鵽ռͨһ˵ĳλá
ʧĵطûϢֹͬʧһ㡣
Ӣ۹̽豸ԭǲӦ÷ģʵˡ
ʦ˳ɣתΪ˼ᶨ֮ɫ
ңԶӢ۹Ƿ˫ϥŵغڵء
˿ʦӣһἫԾӸһλʮʦһλľ顣
ʦȫ̬ԼľѪһѪָϷɳѪγһԲΡ
âѪԲĸ֮֡
Ѫΰΰΰҳ˵Ϣ˵λãʦһţһ߼ӴѪ
Զʮʦ壬Ѫ̺żۺ˵һ˿ѪУʧȥЩѪӰɲ١
ʦڸôѪҪʱָ
ΪҵЩֵõġ
ʹַʽҳλãҲİ취
ʦѪ뵽ԲڣһͬߵĻһϢԲνҪʧ֮ǰһСɵɫҶӳǰ
ʦǰɫҶӣ¶Цݡ
ɫҶи֪һЦݲ
Ȼûи֪λãеɫҶֻҪûи֪ȷλǰǲʧġ
ʦȻռ䣬ĸԶżڣ磿ʦɫҶӣ
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ʦҲû̫żֻҪռ䣬Ϳ׷ٵȷλá
ʱþλʮżʦȫֳɫҶӣҪÿעĶʮľάڡ
˵ʦܹΰڰæȴΰṩѪҪעĶʮľǱΰġ
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534 
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ʦɫҰף޸ϴԶԶ
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䡱һУʦһն޸ײһ
оȫһĵʮףڸǱ޸ڴľ롣
ûеľƻһϸСͽľˡ
ûľܵƲˡ
ʦ߾Ͳˣ񹥻ʦľ֣򡯵ٶȱȡһ㣬ʱҲˣһ뵽˶ľֵĹ
ʦоľģϸСľֽӴľĿʧ
ѧʦоΣգȴʩչġӰʩչġ򡯡
һ˾ʦ𡮰ѧӿ϶ˡѧܱ¶
ϵҲ˹ʱҪľȫƿʦľ֡
ʦľս͵ԭǻ㼯һģֻҪƿһľ֣ʦʧȥ˷
ʦʦڴʮֵΣսǰֳ޸ס
ֲֿܷһսͽɢκһʦ޷ֵסôĳǿ
ռ䱣ƶ޷ʹãܹͬһ˲ʹÿռ䱣ƣֻҪһʦһռͨôս;ͻᱻƣµľʦˡ
ҲЩСʦ㼯һʵ
ķʵһҪԴڶӢ۹ս͵ĲϤ
û뵽ʦȫ֮ʱȻ˵ǿȡ
ԼǷܹʤս˴ʱȫƣһڲϵĶѹơ
ȴﲢȫ֪Ӣ۹Ƿ֧ԮҪսܽ
֮ʱһֱڱԵλİȴʦսͳײȥ
ս֮սģ¾γսսҲ޷ʵԵİ
ٶȺܿ죬ӥȻżĲ࣬ǿ޷ͬγɾԵѹЧ
սʵԵȵĴڽеģڰսһֱ޷á
Ҫ˰ɲҪˣҲǾѪġ
ײľ֮ϣľһ£ƺĳײľ˺ޡ
£Ϊϲ
ľֵûľж˺ɻڵĿռһײ֮˹
ʦʦڵľ֧һЩʱ䡣
ͻ𵴸þʦоһѣΣԭľڣѣεʱֻҪͲʲô⡣
ʦѣκľʧȥǵĿľ룬硢桢ϸСϵ뾣Ĺ£޷֡
ľƿٶ죬ʦûˡ
ﻹ뷨ģͬʱӰӵġ򡯱еĹֹͣˡ
ֻϸС쵽ʦϣͷŵĽʦȫ
ʦʹÿռ䱣ƣɵһŴѣѣͱ粻ϵţ廹޷κβ
ʱˡѧĿֲּеʮʱͽʮżľѹƣϵֱʧȥԴ
гһȵϸСʦ壬ʦϢ΢֮ͬʦȫսսָ
Ȼʦ֮ǰϵװնսָ
ûԣ״̬ʦûһ˿ķɵǡ
ľɨսս֮еսϢһرǡ롮򡯲Ϣ
˵Ҿɴʩչ֮ʱͽڡ򡯵ĹΧ֮Уɴ׻ˡ


536 ׷
ɨս󣬸оһƲء
׼Լʩչһطɾʱķ˾棬пռ䲨֡
û˿ĳɣɨӰӣ½ӥԶӶȥ
֮ǰʮżʦ֧ԮսһʮżʦҪǿ
ղŵս֪˾ʦǿҪǰͻȻʩչĳײʱǻս֮С
ɱʮżʦЩ˵ǰ֧Ԯս
Ȼ޷ɱ֧ԮսҲȴˡ
ڽӥ뿪˴Լٹľʱ֪˺󷽴ϤǿĿֲϢ
ôǰǣаӥӥٶٴ
һɴӿռг֣ɴ𣬳̫еǰǡ
֮Գǰʦ
ʦʦľʦСûģҪѰ
Լ޷ֵ£ֲ߼ʦôܹ־ֻаˡ
ϵ˰ǣһֱ߼ƿ֮У޷ܾ
ʦͨ뾫ĸϵڰǵĿռڵĿռ֮佨һռͨðǿֱս
⼸ǰʦСʱܹˣлвСķա
ǿɲֻӢ۹ƣв޵۹ץ֮¹ϵӢ۹أһй©ȥпܳ鷳
ʦû취ʦ֮ǰʦ֣һӾʧʦʦµʦֲôá
˰Ǳʹսϧһûܹ뵽뾫ʦս֮С
ǳ̫֮У֪Ĵڡ
ͬʱûпľʦװʦֵԭˡ
ʦֻܹãǳ˵
ʦ˸⣬ӦһЩЩĸãһ˿ʵϣ
һӣһɻɵĻǰӰڻıϡ
Ǽٵģȴһ˿ԶžϢǰǵĵơ
̽ԶżʱһԶžѪҺԶžѪҺʹӵԶʦĻƿ
ǿٶȣ֪Ҫ׷ƾͨٶ޷׷ٵġ
ԶžϢĻֻһ˿ԶžϢҲûٶȴﵽ˼ֲĳ̶ȡ
֪ǵϢûԶ룬һȶľ롣
侪ȣû뵽ϻʦٶܹӥȡ
תͷǣվڻϵİǡ
üͷһ壬Ȼ˵޷ԻٶȣҲȥԶ155Żϡ
ΪԶ155ŽطɴڣҪһʱģҪԾֹ״̬
ֻҪһͻᱻ׷뵽Χ
һ㶼볢԰ǵĹֻҪ֪һ°չ¶Ϣȷ֪Լ֡
Զ155ͻռֿ
ȻԶ155޷ãͲԶ155ţͲŰǻһֱ׷
ƴ޾κˣ³ʱĵġ
ӥΪǱܣвĲټϽӥĿǰʳﶼǾżʳ
ʦӲģԹԵץסںе
ʵҲǴо棬ǵ֮ǰʱʮ˼ľϵ֣ʱϵʵ
ϵﵽʮż۷壬ٽһԼˡ
ðǣӼᶨҪץס뷨
ʮ߼̬ȣҪΪʦǣͱ߼ˡ
Ҳǳһ£Ǿͬʱλʮʦ
ɳӢ۹֮鷳ˣôΪпܴΪµĴˡ
ôǵ˾ǿɲΪʷ
ҪпܵĻ׷ȻܵɱȴԽʵˡ
ʦʲôʱӢ۹߹ˣӦ
ļðмŭһ𵯡
׵ʱʧȥɢ֮С
֪޷˭˵̫ô봥ʹ㡣
뵱ΪʮʦʱǶô־ΪԼԳΪǿߡ
ûжã߼ʦ֣ͬĶʮʵֱ۳ļɵľͽѹˡ
֮󣬰ǾͳΪ߼ĴˣΪ߼һЩ߼¶顣
ľȫſǷ˻𵯣ӷɢĹȫľ֪С
ǰһУ֪˸һĻƿء
ʦˮƽ𣿡ٴγԳ
Ӧһ𵯣һ˾룬ûɢʱֻа׵ľ롣
ʦɢɫҶӣѾ֪Լ¾ʦˡ
ſʱ豸սûоʦͺ˵ˡ
ϣʦܹץסʦҪȥˣʦ
ûɫҶӣҲ޷׷Ŀռꡣ
Ȼǿ磬緽ʽ޷׼ȷ֪ռꡣ
ʦĿǰû취ֻܹȴ
̫֮Уһ׷һӻڼţѾǵʮˡ
Ƿ˻𵯣ٵĻʽڲ׷£ֻл𵯲пܻ
ʵͿ⹴ʩչģΪĻ
Щ۹⣬ľҪʮĻʦܵӰ죬˵ʮʱˣһһǧ죬ʩչҲ㲻ʲôġ
ڷеĹУܹʱصеĻģںԶžѪҺ
˵κһλܹΪԽʷǿڣܡ
ǾƾںԶžѪҺܹʦӱΪΨһĶʮʦ֮Ϊ
¶Цݣʮĸ֪Իĸ˺ܶࡣ
ǶôѵõĻᣬһλʮĻʦʩչֲṥÿÿھԶɢ
ܹ˸ĸڶʮĻǰΪʾ
֮ǰΪͷʹΪеĵãڳʮżĻʵ̫ˡ
ǰֲһȱݣǡʱ򣬻ҪĶʮ
ƺҪΪʧַһö𵯣ʾĳ㡣
Ҳڹ۲ÿ״̬ѣһûΪ׷ܵӰ졣
֪ÿ춼ܵһľʱɫҺϴ廹Ǿ񶼻ָ״̬
ӥʮ죬רеĽӥԣ㲻ö೤ʱ䡣
ӥ˷ܣƽʱûʲôķС
ʹӥʮȻû˿ƣðҲһΡ
ҡҡͷѾ޷ӰǵĻи֪µĶҪĲǼ򣬶һĻջ
ͼƶķ
ľյķڡ񡯻׵ʾͼ·ߡ
ɨһ·ͼɰա
ӥ仯˷һȥ
ֹ˼ʱ䣬׷еİͻȻϤŲǽӽ̫ī
̫īǰǵ
˵Ϊɼԭ޷̫ī̫īĸȴһ㶼١
ʦĪҪǵս뵽֮УҲģǳе
ʦ㾡ȥҼżʱ䣬㹻ǿ֮һὫ̫īȫԱ֮飡˰ǵв֮⣬ص
ӥɱŷ̫īǷ
Ŀǰٶȣܿͻ뵽̫īڣٷиңͿԵ̫ī
˵̫īǷʦܹûⷽ뷨
ȻʦҪᱻֹ
һλɱ˶ʮżʦʮżʦʮżʦǷܹס
˵ܹ赲סҪλʮżʦΪۣ
ĵʧܹսʮżʦ󣬵ң֮£ڷֱıԵ
ǵɫѿ鿴ϣ֪ʱ䡣
ôʱܹжٸ飿


537 
ӥ̫īķΧȷϡ
̫īҪðǵݿ޷ʹã
ˣı岻Χ̫īҪʮСʱʱ䣡˻ظЩʧ
ЩûԶ155ŸˣԶ155ǰô̫īʮɡ
ְɣεķԸ
̫īΧ󣬰ҲŽ̫ī
̫īϢת̫īϵĹҪʡ
̫īͬΪжλʮżʦʹȨɢ
̫īȴڰǶʮʦʹ̫īڴھԵȨ
°Ǿ󲿷ʱû̫īڣĵλβơ
յ˰ǵϢ䲻֪˺£ܹðǴϢ̫īϾ˷Ӧ
սԱ⣬һԱʶʼתơ
ͨӣǿ̫īϵͳ
ǵݿʧȥϵĹܣ̫īӵĿֻţһ֧̫īǸ
Զĺǣ̫īڵϵ
ȫɽӥ̫ԶУ⻹ǵһΡ
ʮżĽӥ̫⴩У䲻ܽռͨٶԶɴҪĶࡣ
ɫǷһ׷ɱˡ
޷սʤǣֻҪ޷׷ȫԽһеķŭй̫īϡ
ҲЩͷʹ̫īϢ̫īǵԱ룬⼸ݿ޷ʹã֪̫īڵ
ϵĻȻ٣ϧһ٣ӥͬļ٣˴֮ľȻ޷ı䡣
һ׷һӵĹУ׷Ǿ֮¡
ôŬҪ׷ǲһ㡣
֪̫ͨīǵ̫īϴ󲿷ֵԱ룬ֻҪǻԭأͿԴвǡ
̶ľ̫īһֱս״̬ɴ׷еİ֧ػǵ̫īӿʼս׼
ָӿŹĻϵĻ棬ڼȾ֮Уָпݵľˣоѡ
̫īǿߣ˵ǿߡ
Ļ֮ϰ׷ˣȥǴھԵƣʲôĴڣֻ֣κǿڡ
ڰ׷ŵˣǰմصϢ֪׷˵ʱҲˡ
׼лصˣָӳ
ָӣ޷Ŀ꣬Ŀٶ̫ˣսĽӴ˻ظ
ǵԣָɫһ䣬´һ
ٶȹ޷ǵһǵԵӵĻһμ
ǵԶžżϵͳװɵģԶԵ
£ӵĻϵͳǲԿƵģͬһһһǾͬһ֮µͬɱ
ʱ̫īǼˣҪԶžżϵͳҪ߼鷳Ƕ̶̼ܹ쵽ģҲᱻ롣
֮£֮ûɱ뷨
ڽָӷԵȨ޾ͱת˽ָӵС
ԵЭӵĻϵͳ˼
ָڣ˭Ҳûע⵽Բֻǽӹ˻ϵͳÿһսϵͳԽӹȨޡ
Զžżϵͳȣսϵͳķʵ̫Сˣ˵սԽġ
Ե˵̫īϵͳ˲ٵʱ䣬ɹ˸Դãƽϵͳͼˡ
ȻҪǽñƵԽսսԶϵͳҪսϵͳס
Զ155ŲΧڣʧȥİ֮£ƽϵͳЩġ
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ԵĲٿ£ǧս뷢䣬ÿս϶ϵڣһǧ
ǸܵԶһ̫īڹսط׼
ܿͷ֣ǧǹڹ
ǧɾܵļ׼ȷ˰ǵӰ
ָ֪Ҫɱ׷ĵǲܵģѡǵ
û뵽ԼҵĽӻṥѾǰ
ЩЧǻΪһɽǧ˲ڰǰһɽ
ǽָΪɽ٣Ӷ׷ϡ
ȴڰǵϣûӰ쵽
ôָӷ˹ĲԣɹĿȴǰǡ
׼´ʱнӵķԶ̷ɵսȥ
һз̫죬սûзӦܵѽĹ
ΪµǣڹǰսķԶرգʵʵĳеĹ
֧ǿӣ˻֮С
̫һڣսֱը٣սܵشԻ١
ɽĳ֣ðЩ⣬ܵһӰ죬ӰֻһϢʱ䡣
һϢʱ䱻һɽ飬֮׷ȥ
̫īǼȥʱ̫īϵ̫շȫĿ£ȫŰǹ
ʦ棬ȥˣٽ棡ЦһǷȥ
̫ܵշĹܵӰޣٻǼһٶȡ
˫ٶȶﵽ˼£һӰ춼˫ľ
һ㶼ӵƻʮżǿʦȫʩΪ֮£ڲʧⲢʲô¡
һڲʧ⣬ͻұ
ԭûܵӰ죬ǿԽȵ׷޷ȫƻ
ͻӰ죬ðһҲʩΪˡ
ʦҷ׷ˣЭֹͣ˵
ϵĹȫϵĻֵ£޷˺
ЦˣһоΪðǲ˼ɡ
ǿɲŶã÷һĸ顣
ԲԸĴۣ֮ǰ˵º÷б
ǰǳ̫īеһж̫ī̫ī֮ĸǼġ
вҲͰˣܹ̫īɾ޴ƻǾ޷ܵġ
̫īǶ̫īʮҪڣ˻¼µ򱾾ͼ١
ΪҪǣɲڻ̫ī֮֡
Ǽ׷ôͻ̫īڲϵѡĿ꣬һƻ
ĹǣǲŻ֡
²ΪҲҪΪ˰ʦ¶̫ī١
ʦҽʮһһսģЦ˵
µĽӥԶȥܿ˼Զľ롣
Ҳûм׷Ѿûκ壬㱻֪׷ù
վ֮УԶ̫еļʧĽӣ̶̵ʱһ֧ǿĽӾ˲ʮҡ
⻹ΪǴӦֹͣ׷ԽӵĿƣⲻʮսҲ޷
ʦûлһսˣתͷʧķ򣬿
κʦ߼ĿֲӢ۹ӣʧ֮󣬹Ӣ۹ǿ߳ˡ
һ㶼Ӣ۹ǿֺ߳󣬻ܹңȥ
뿪һξ󣬾ȡ̫ߺţ̫ͨīϵͳƿأʹһ̫ߺŽռͨ
ӿռ̫ͨߺѾλ̫īıԵ
˼ĺУص˿ռֿ⣬һν˿ռв㡣
жϣռв԰ȫĵطڿռвǶʱУӢ۹ûҵλá
ֻռӢ۹ŷλã׷ɱ
ȻҲΪԼ׼˱÷ӿռֿԶװ֮Уҳ˼׸豸ս˴洢ռڡ
Ϊһ޷ؿռֿʱطһ롮򡯣Ҫÿһζ뷵ؿռֿ⡣
⣬ҲĴ㣬ҪӢ۹׷ɱܵôðյж


538 ̵
ʦյ˰ǵĻ㱨ǳŭֲܽιڰǡ
ҰǰæץʱҪϾʦжģ˭֪Ķô죬оʦɱˡ
ȥʱֻܶ׷
ʦϵ·ȡ˾ɴɴռ䡣
ɴٴγʱʦоİǾļ԰Ӣ۹ĺġ
֮ķɳɴλӢ۹ǡ
Ӣ۹ǣ̫пʱΪ֡
ΪһΪˮһΪ½أ½صһȫһڵסˡ
Ǿĸı壬ǾһĵĴڡ
ʦɵĺܵͣˮӽĸûдӸڴǲַʽ
ԽԽѾԿ徫ĸϸڡ
ĸÿһƬҶϣһ飬Щ״̬Ϊ죬һҶΪһ壬һ¶Ҷ档
˫ĿգûΪʦľܵ˿Ӱ졣
ʦھĸ·У֮ûһƬҶǿյģĸÿһƬҶӶһڡ
ãʦ˾ĸɴ
ˣʦĹ˵
ǰʲô𣿡һɵӰڰʦǰʵ
ʦʵ㱨Ӱ̬һֱŵȻ
ô˵ǼǸʦˣʵ
Ǽʦٶô֮죬һǼԭ򣡡ʦʮֿ϶ػص
ǼһʵЧҪ˵ܹʦЧЩǣǿģȻڲʱȺϣǼкܴʾˡ˵ͷ˵
ˣҵĹûãսʦȫ䣬𷣣ʦͷ˵
ˣʦܹõǼ˵ɳʵľǰʧҲ֮¡ʮͣ˰˵
ʦͷһɣĵľǱ׷ڿ鲻ûд׷ʲô
ΪǼһԳ֣뿪ĸʱ䲻ܹҵʦ֪ͨң˵
˵ɵһֻ֣Ӿĸ׹µɫ㣬ɫ㻯ΪһƬɫҶƬ
ɫҶƬ͵˰ʦǰʦɫҶƬæСĵĽ˹
ƬɫҶƬ֮ǰʦʹù׷ҶӣֻƬɫҶƬǰƳɵģʱЧϻʹ϶Զʦ׷Ҷӡ
ΪʵǶʮһһλ˶ʮǿڣһǿڡ
ϣʮǴʵļޣҪҪ뾫ϵ
Ӣ۹ǽ츳ﵽ׼ľ鶼ھĸЩͨĸһʹþĸΪһĴڡ
ھĸϵľǣͿͨ뾫ĸķʽʵʮӶƴ
ûȱ㣬ʹӢ۹ľӢ鶼ھĸֻ츳͵ľ鸺ΪӢ۹
ΪάӢ۹ٲ־Ӣᱻɣʦ¾ľ顣
⣬ĸʵʮϣζʵʵ
һ뿪ĸʱʵͻܵѹƣӶʵΪ
һĵ·Ӣ۹ݶԵʮооϵĳɳ·
˵·ֵȱȴʹһ̶ӵʵ
Ӣ۹Լ߼֪УʮֻĸܽӴ
֪ҪԵôǿڣʱڿռֿڣջ
εջ񼫴ջȻڰǶڻĸ
ξˣ˳ϵϢӽӽȻĸ֪һּ䴿Ȼʡ
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˵ǲʲôеĶţʮλʦϵľѪӣԳӢ۹κһλľѪ
֪ԾѪЩĽȴûҪӵоѪɲԼתɾӡ
Ⲣ˵ӳ෴κһλ飬òĻʣΪġ
ȴϲ뾫ĳ̶ֳ˵Ľй
һӣλõսָǰ
ľһսָһֻֻռҩƿȡһռҩƿٵٶݣٶݵϵҩ
һ߼ϵҩൽ˷ָĳ̶ȣ䲻֪ʮӯҪٵԴ˶ԴӦÿԽѵӯˡ
֮ô߼ϵԴΪִЩʦǵϵҩһֲ
Ҫ֪뾫ĸںϵľǣɲҪκεԴо󲿷ֵľ鶼Ҫ
󲿷־Ϊĸṩ֧֣ĸַٲӵж츳ľ飬ⲿ־ʵ
֮гʮľ飬Ǵⲿ־вġ
Ȼ˿뾫ĸںϵľ󲿷־鶼ڷЩ鿴ȴǳΪΰڵһ֡
Щԣĸΰǵ
ΪʮҪ𣬿ɼ̳߼ȴ뵽˳ĹȦ֮С
ﵽ£ûǰ·֮ҪѴͳκҪͻƵѡ
߼ϵҩִӾöսָҳĿռ䱣ơ
ʹʮżܹʹõĿռ䱣ӵ飬ϧѾʮżӯ״̬һͻˣЩռ䱣ƾûô
ֻնڵƽˣõľط
ʥط롮ʥƼطо֣ΪӢ۹طԡʥͷġ
û˽Ӣ۹֪׷ʲôͲʥˡ
ʥطľ֣ڷЧһЧھʦ
ÿһλʦķǼΪɫģҪĹ㹻ǿͬʦҪƿʦľǺġ
ʥƼطһľطǼӳϣǼӳľϣżǿĴ͸Ч
⼫ֲľ㣬ľĹӵſµ
λʦĶ٣ܹеĲ࣬սָͬľɴԶ155ڡ
֮ļ죬ʼо˴Ӿʦնлõĵãʮλʦռĵã䲻Ӣ۹ղصĵãҲǺܴһˡ
ûżԼƿʮżʮƿҪپõʱҲӦõġ
Ҳһλǣɼʮżʮжôļˡ
ûǣڻĵ죬֪ǱߴϢת뵽ڡ
ȻڽУȻһʮżʮˡ
ĽͻȻȴҲܹġ
Ӣ۹ǿͨԴģЧǿҩԼ۵ʱ䡣
ʵ޵ģǾʣʵʵıʽǾѪ
Ӣ۹Уܹ뾫ĸںϵľ鶼Ų츳ľ飬ֻмѪرŨľʸͨĸʵ
Ѫеƿ٣ʦܶ඼ĳһƿ֮ϣҲ޷ǰһ
ܹô󹦣ʸ뾫ĸںʱܾĸİܹȹƿҪͨŬȹѪƿǲ֮¡
ľѪŨ̶ϳӢ۹κһλ飬Щʮľ飬ѪŨҲ޷ȡ
ʮʦѪܺͣľѪ
ʹﵽʮżӯ״̬Ѫľĸ̣ټĴ֮ҲľĴС
ڻЩУÿһĸڿš
оĵ֮УŵģΪͬѧϰġӢ߼оĵʱ˳㽫оͨת
ЩľԼٶţܿʹﵽ˽Ҫĸ
Ӧ˵Ǿ֮еĶţĶͻʮżʲô¡
֮£ͻƾȻȻˡ
ĹУľĸǴľѪԼԶдгġ


539 ʮ
ǶʮϢй©Ϣǿһ㶼ڰǣ̲ס̾
ڴܹǿʵ˵ʮͨϵͬĸǿ
Ľûκεķգһ˳Ľ˶ʮ
õĺôҲ٣ĹУܵľһγɹʮĸ
ָоúĽҲҪ̫ʱ䡣
ﵽ˶ʮûֹͣûϢľͿʼµġӢ߼
ԣʵ˶ʮٶȲûм١
ŨľѪ롮Ӣ߼ƥ̫ˣټֲľ϶ȴﵽ̶ȡ
֮УдĶʮľڣǿʵ
ôٶȣô߼ϵҩô죿ЩҸķա
дǧ߼ϵҩ׼Լϵﵽʮʹõġ
ô߼ϵҩӦܹʵƵʮӯ
ٶȼ죬ֲҪʹκεҩԼĻɹ
ԽĻṩ޵þ޵Щ
һʱ䣬޵ԽԽԣҲԽǿ
䲻֪޵ʲôʱ֪о޵ķڿԿͷˡ
С֮ʱ޵ߣڲϣ
޵İɲСվ޸İǾ޵вǿʡ
һֱҪǿʿкܴԭǵھ޵
ָֻ֮֮ǰĿ״̬󲿷ֵʱ䶼򡯡
ͬʱֳһ񣬲ϵľĸ
ʮ죬׼С򡯵ȴͻȻͣ
һݷͨתݷľȱٵһ顣
һ֮ĴһƬ˻ľĸ
ֽʵо˽û˿ԥе񣬽뵽˽״̬
ϵϣһͼƳ֡
ָоƺζϵֵǿﵽϵֵļ£ָоǿҡ
ָо֪ǲΪԶʮϵĴﵽ˼£ްɽء
Ŀǰ֪һ㣬ͼƾϵĻƹ̻뵽ϵڳΪһ塣
յھɶת󣬽ϵʱͳ˶ʮ
ʮϵ֣ȫÿһ֮᲻ϵĵõǿ
Ƽ򵥵Ḷ̌ȴʱ䣬󲿷ʱ䶼ϵֱͼϡ
ڿУ״̬δй֮á
һʵһֲĳ̶ȡ
žԵİգһλʮ˼ʦ湥壬Ҳ޷ƻ塣
ǿҪٴ԰ǣָоƾ޸ͿԸһЩɫ
Լǿ󣬶ʮʦĴ˵֮Уʵ컨ˡ
һЩͣоڵԼսĻԿԽսʤ
Ϊ֣ϢǵĶʮϢ¡
ֻһͣǿޱȵİǣڽʮһֱڶʮڣʵûκε
ʵҲǵı̫ī˵߼ΪṩԴ
߼ṩԴҲṻ֮ãҲðǱסʵѡ
УʮżʦԴܹãʮʦԴ͸ˣ̫īôƴռĶʮʦԴҲǼ޵ġ
ƾʮʦԴҪʵԶԶġ
⣬ڽʮûжþ뵽ƿ֮С
֮ʱͻȻ뵽һ£֮ܵ񽵵Ϣ
˲䱻ƣ֮ʱϢɲǡ
ʵﵽ˶ʮҲ޷֮ʱϢ⡣
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ӽʮϲѣʼǵ֮֮·
ϵ˶ʮʣԳܵǿô򡯵ˡ
һǡ򡯽ʮĻͲκε⡣
֮ǰľϵȴģҲûа취飬˭ûжʮżϵԴء
鷳ľʦȫϵľʦõսƷҲ߼ϵԴ
뾫ϵﵽʮżӯ״̬ԴӦ£Ҫʱʵ̫ˡ
⣬ӰӵġҲȲţ塮򡯽Ҵﵽ
ڵƻ˾򡯽ʮԲ뿪
ڴ֮УʮһԱ֮
ֲ뵽֮ڵ԰ٷ֮ٿ϶֮ǳԽʮĴڡ
ϵﵽ˶ʮټٶȣʮ£ͿԴﵽʮӯˡ
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ǡӢ߼Ҳǵ˶ʮû˺
Ĵﵽ˶ʮ۷壬Ҳ޷ʵʮһΪ֪Ҫܽʮһ
ǷгʮʦʵϣЩŵ֤ʵ
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ѵʮʦߵȼ𣿡
ûм֮ʱƣԶʮ֮ٵ
֮ʱͬ׵ƣ֪ڶʮ֮иǿľ磬ôܲҪΪ֮һĴڡ
ȽʵȥðЩգҲҪҵͻƶʮķ˾ĸԼһĿꡣ
Ȼ֪Ƿгʮǿڣּͨ߼ڳʮڵĿԼ
Ҫʵ޷ĳ̶ȣͻ᳢ԴӸ;߼֣ҵͻƶʮķ
ʮ֮׶޵ṩĻˡ
ڽȹʵ󣬾ȫÿεĶȫڡ׶֮ϣĻȫ˾޵
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ͳκһλʦǾʦǰˡ
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޵Ҳ޷ٸһ˿ʡ
ΣһĸоܹһĻôʾͿԳʮˡ
ϧûһʵİ취źܶģЩˡ
ľԵͬޣͬÿһϵԻʵǿᡣ
޵򡯽ʱǿѪԼΪҪľʱṩİĹؼ
Цҡҡͷڵ񡯻ްƾʾԶԶˡ񡯻׵ķ
װУʵʵ̫ˣװʵ
ȻǾʦĻףҲͬ޷
ŵһ뵽ľʱӣľʱеľ޵ղйһҡΡ
¶Цݣĸ֪о޵ˣҪƿ޵
һӣ޵ľʱгǰ
޵ҡθˣ׼ž޵ڵСվƿ޵ʱһ֣޵ʧ
ھ޵ʧĵطһС¶۾
Сûվ޵Եʮֿɰ
С֮УӡǣС껹δ֮ǰһֱľʱǱĬγɵġ
ӡǶС㲢ûлӰ죬С׽
ãС㣬СԿռΪˮڿţ֮䲻ʱӴƤ
ҪκεʽСӵ־ȴųһԼʽĽϵ
ԺͽСɣŻСС㣬Ц˵


540 ʵ
ֵСǻ۲֪Լ֣ڿзűԼá
ľɨСжһСʵ
СܹʲôսϵİϵʮʵʵﻹҪС
СɨȻûи֪ʲôΪɨ赽Сڴڵ
Ծ󲿷ֵ׼ȷжϣȴ޷ȷежϣжϵĻСǿȴʮ
ǵģСһʦСڵڸճδ̫ǿСҲһԱ
ȡһݾżʳʳʳɻģӪõġ
Сûóʳʳκʦԣʵľѱ
ûа취ֻͨӦСѯʡ
ڵõ˽ָһʮĻСĵѹŻ
֮ǰ޵ʱ޵ǿԵֵģټϾ޵ľʱڣô㶼ܳ¡
ڲͬС뿪޵ʧȥ˾޵ľʱӵı
̫ǿС޷ܡ
Сõ˻ӦСʳǻ
ԥ֮ʱСȴһھ˶ʮĻ
Ȼ֣ʮĻȻС̽˶ӡ
֪ԭ򣬲˵СӶʮСĶпռġ
ʮС̽ӣʵǱһĿռڡ
⴦ռС֮ãʮڿռϵĳ룬תΪСڡ
ڶʮռ֮С֪٣СҪϢˡ
Сһҡӿʧ
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СҲ棬岻ϵĳɳҲյڵĴ֪ʶ
Сĸºÿ󲿷ʱ䶼Ŵ֪ʶʱҲѡʱ档
ȻÿĹ̶ʱ䣬ͳһʮĻСʳ
ŶʮΪʳСĳɳٶȲŻ֮졣
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Ӣ߼ɲΪҪʵڶԶʮľо
ľ󻹻׶ͬΪʵֻΪоʮ
ͨоҪҳһͻƶʮĵ·
Ȼ뷨Щ˵Զǿ󣬾߼Զִ֪ʶĻۣҲ޷ϵҵ·
뾭ģڲϵо֮УŸƿأ޷ҵͻ֮·Ҳ
ϵ󣬴ֱӺôսҲʮˡ
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һֱڵȴŵģʱлܹͻʮżƿ
򡯱תƤĵһ뵽ڣͼתΪ뵽ÿһϸڡ
޷κһϸϸ˱͸С
ʱģ鵽ܹ֧ŵʲôûס
˵ʵҪͻƣʵ̫Ź֡
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ľʱӵİ£ĻӰ£Ѿţ֧סϵ뾫ϵϵĳɾ͡
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֮ʱ鴫һͬһ㣬ӹˡ򡯵ת
˵֮ǰͼǸĻһβͼǴﵽ
һҲ鴫ڵġ򡯸еõ֣ڴﵽʮ뵽硣
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뵽һԣҪܹʮӯ᲻ٽʮһ
ĻԴзϵʮһ;
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һʱżĵ豸󣬲Ҳֻǿ֧
Ŀǰżĵ豸ҪʮӯҪʱ䳬ʱ䡣
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ԴӳΪʮʦʵޣ˵ˣʮʱܹʮӯܹ
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رǸܵӢ۹вʼ˷ıչأŶĹ¶Լʵ˶ʮ
Ӱӵġ򡯽ʮʱѾֹȥ¡
Ӱӵġ򡯽ʮʹϲĳԶ̹ʧȥˣǹΪղƷ
ǹĲ޷ܶʮѹ̡
ӰӵġڴﵽʮҲˡһ⡣
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˵ĴƷ٣ɾżĻ豸ɵĻܹṩĻǿȡ
ӰҺ򡯣绹ʹþżĻ豸һЩ
ôõʱ䣬ѾӢ߼˶ʮڡ
İ£ϵҲﵽ˶ʮڵʵ
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Ȼûнʵʮ۷壬ѾҪʮ۷֮ˡ
⼫ҪʱҪԵġ
뷨һûҪȥ߼ȥ߼Ѱͻϵʮķʽû󲻵ѵĴ㡣
ȿǵҰǣҰǲֻΪϴα׷ɱ֮𣬸ΪǽʮʱܾˣͻƶʮһŲΪ֪Ϣ
ӰǴ֪߼ϸ鱨޷ӰǴҪĶôҪ߼취ˡ
߼򽻵ģǼ߼Ĵˡ
ټĿǰӵеʵ¾ʮľʦҲһս֮
ߵսǿľ˵Ǿʦɱ֡
ҪΪû߼ʦ֪Ը߼ʦ᲻Ըʦһɡ
ǿ⣬ӥڴﵽʮںٶһ˼
һεĳײ˰Ҳܹ䲻ǿһ
ϧķʵ̫ˣķʹùһԶŽҩҲûܹķʲôԶѪʹķʧȥ˸һĿܡ


541 ׽
Զ155ڿռвкţڼʻУָϳһʮ
һʮһСķΧڣԻԶŵķɴڲҲһЩ𻵵ġ
ʮ͵ǰһңʱռ䲨һ£ʮͱռʧ
зĻϲһϷҲڸʳ
ڿռһУʱѾﵽ˰ٶס
Զ155ŵĺٶȼֲȴܹڿռԶ155ŲŷС
ʱ뿪Զ155ţռطתһȦȻٷصԶ155ԡ
ͿԿԿռƿжôľˣⲢȫٶȣԿռʱÿռƶ
ֻҪ뿪ľûгһķΧͨռƶصԡ
վ޵Կռƿ崫С
Сһ㣬ǰиռѷ죬Ҫ㿿ǰͼѵ
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˵ռѷ޷˺֮һ߿磬ųԽʮĴڣɲһСģִڵĹע
Զ155֮ͣǵĿռаλãԶ155ǲܱ¶ģҪֶΡ
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Ƕʱ޷ʵҲ뿪ݵðճҰǡ
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ķҵıϣķԸ
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ķһռԶ155ڵĿռвʧٴγʱһռвڵϡ
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ǱܵҪҪͣ˶
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صıϣ׼ȥԶ155ǱʱռҰͻȻ֡
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ȼֵһǶʮǿռκ޷ġ
ɿǰĿռڣҪ˵Ʒˣһ˿ǿҵϢûС
ʦеɫҶϣɫҶûٸṩλá
Ȼ鲻ʦϢǾͲһʦϢʦü
ŵɫҶӹâĻͼҪҳǵϢλá
ɫҶӵĹâƽϢɫҶӲûڴзְǵϢ
ʱ򰢷ʦ԰ٷ֮ٿ϶ҪôˣҪôһ
Ҫ֪ʹɫҶ׷٣ԶżڣĿǰܿ׷٣˶ԱɫҶ׷ٵ


542 ղ
ʮʱ䣬ǲܽ뵽Զż֮еģô²һˡ
ʦɫѿһ׷ʧˣһֻ֪Ҫõʱ䡣
Ϊ˵ȴһֱûϢʱ̴״̬
ķҲ˰ʦԡ
һŲ²⵽ɫҶӵãսá
Ĳ٣Ҳ뷨
Ҫܲܽʮľʦʦʵ֮ǰ׷ɱʮżʦмܾ⾫ʦ¡
ռĿռڣ
ʦʦû취ȻҵҲֻ뿪
⣬ʧ٣ҲҪλ߼ʦ˵һġ
ʧȥ˰ˣ߼ҪҴˣȴ鷳Ҫ߼λʦȫ롣
ռ䲨֣ʦܵԼ֣ȡ˳ʱ׼
ܹ裬ʵɵǶʮʦȴʮ붼û֧ʧˡ
ûУ͸ðʦľ
ʱʦгͬʱҲʧ
ǰģʦûлݣʶŨľѪԼڡӢ߼ľϢʵݡ
ܵΪǰģﲻʱˣһֱû밢ϵưΪǳʲô顣
ȻûȷǰǰôҪ鿴һλʦҲ֮¡
ðʦ϶ݵģϵľѪ
ԸܵϵľѪжôŨôŨľѪһӢ۹Ķš
ֶһ㶼ھĸλãʦûʸڡ
ţô͵Ϯʦû뵽ʦ˵Իľûһ˼
ֲ֪˭ҲͿӦһ
ֳĮû𰢷ʦĻɣ̬ȸðʦˣӢ۹ŵķ
֣ƺ׼ɫҶӣðʦһʱԡ
ʦûܣ֣ΪҪɫҶ֤ʵһλá
˵ʦոѾҹλãûȰ˵ʲô
ִɫҶӹһץס˰ʦֱۡ
һðʦʱãȻУӢ۹ɲʲôŵ壬ļѣܶྫ鶼Ӵ
ͨĸȻַȻЧѣܻΪ鱣ϣ
رǾдԣĸڽ˵ڲ֮׺ܶࡣ
ʦûǵˣֱ۱ץסʱ˺˼롣
ץס˰ʦֱۺϸС˲ͽʦֱ۰ס
˭ʦʱô᲻ĵ⣬ŵĴе
ǵڣȻȫչ¶Ϣʦĵˡ
ʦȫľҪѿ
ɲηľӴϸСʱͻᱻϸСɵ
ķӦν죬ڵľͬʱһֻ³˳
ľ볤ɫΪһ̹ϸС
ɫеλãϸСıǳǳİۣһϢҲʧˡ
ʦû뵽ϸС˵ļ̣ӿеĳϵķһǼǹ
һûٹϸСǽ
ϳһϸСĿף˰ʦй밢ʦ岻ܲ˵ŰʦϿ
ʱ״̬ȽϹŹ֣ʦһʹǶ޷ֱ
ʱ֣޷һĵˣ֮γһõ֡
ʦеĳ壬ЩϸСͬ޷Ƶġ
ϴĿֲȴ岻ɻζʵѪҺ
ܵˣʮİʦ޷ƿףȻܹһ˺
ʦãҪ
֪ĹȷʵǶ˺ֻǶںϵ˺޷ı˺
Ҳðʦȥ˵岢Ǻı壬ԻǷǳҪġ
ŨľѪӢ߼ı֤
밢ʦðʦ޷ʹóͬʱϵϣϸСŰʦΧ
⣬ʦֱ۴ϸСҲȫӡ
ĹƵĹðʦ޷ֹʽʵ̫˼ˡ
ʦһʱʧ죬ʹԼ뵽˼䱻֮С
ʱ뷭ѾΪˡ
ֱ۴ӵϸСǽʦİ帲ǣ밢ʦӽϸСʦ帲ǡ
ʦϵţЩϸС޷Ͽôᱻ
ľֻҪͻᱻϸСɡ
ϸСʱǵϣ۶ڱǵλ뵽ڡ
ʦλӢ۹ĶǿʦʱͬӤ
ڰʦϵֱϸСʧȥ˻֮ûˡ
оռתܣԼһСͿռڡ
սָұװ˿ռָһּдӰʦ
޷һ죬ᱻɻһģսսָڡ
սָڲռȻǿɻģҪսսָڣû˿
ﳹ׿סԸôһλʦҲ޷һֻèսսָ
Ասսָκǿ߶ԣһ裬Ƕǿϵļ̤
ʦȻо裬ȴûһ취޷޷ֻˡ
ʱиΪҪģڵĶʮľɣоʧ
ټȥġ
һһ
򰢷ʦеɫҶӣɫҶһֱ״̬ͬû˿ıսսָ
תԶ155ŷȥǹ۲Űʦ
ջǾ޴ģڰʦʧȥ󣬰ʦĸնսָ
ԭƻǻ׽ǵģû뵽Ȼջ񣬰ʦλʮľʦҲ׽ˡ
ɱʦŴӰʦϣ˽Ӣ۹顣
ǲõİʦʲôʦڵȫסˡ
ʦһζֹͣɡ
ľǾѪڼţֻһ˿ʦðʦΪһͨžͿˡ
Զ155ţԶ155
Զ155ŵĲֿ⣬ȽǷ˳
ͬһİǣҡҡͷĴھȻ֮Ϊ
ܶʿЩʿʵԶԶǣȰǶʿӦе
ûмͬ׵ʱ˿ͶĶ֣˵λֻһʦųưʦ
˶԰ǵĲƣðǿ˼˵
ʦϴ׷Ӣ۹ҵǵһ仰ǽ֮ǰΪ
ȷʵǺˣû뵽˵ʵϴ׷ʱʮżȴѾﵽ˶ʮ
ﵽʮҲͰˣʵǶʮڣðǸоԼһǲǻڹϡ
֮⣬ͬʮڵǿڣӶƵġ
ЩʮսһսսָͿԿûбԿƣԶʮڵʵôܸԸսսָ
㲻Ϊϴ֮£Щ㣬ʵشң֪һǾϵʦӦòԸҶþϵʦֶɣ˰ֵв
زһܾ𣿡ǿɬػص
ûʵϵԿ
һ⣬ʦĶʮôͻƣܵ˰ǵ̬ȣʵ
⣬ϵıĪû뵽
ʦʦĶʮʦľͷϵǾϵˣش
ľ壬ش֮ʱĸ֪һб仯
Ǵʱ崦ڱӡ״̬˵ѵĻ޷ӹľɨġ
شһĴ𰸡


543 
ʦ֪Ӣ۹огԽʮ˵ʮʦľͷѹе˼ʵ
˵ȻпǵģΪսָڵİʦ֮еɫҶûнӴȻ״̬
ɫҶӵϢ԰ٷ֮ٵĿ϶ɫҶӾǳԽ˶ʮʩչġ
ԴɫҶϸ֪Ϣ˵ڴͬųԽʮĴڡ
ʦӢ۹֪֮֮٣߼ʦӴҵݴҲǸܶѡ
߼κһλʮʦѹңǾгԽʮĴڣҲ޷ε˵
ŰǣľԼ˵ʵ顣
ץǾǸ󣬽˽⵽ʮǴʦľͷ⣬ûκջ
ʦҿǩԼΪ£Īо˺⣬е
ûһָüģһ֣ꡣ
ȥİǣްϧ
׷ɱʱĵ⣬ûб׷ôԶôãôΪǵһ仰ͷŹ
ΪҪģǵʵУûʲô
Լߵս飬һȰǸǿ
ʧȥʦҲֻܹԸȰʵ͵ʦʵʦԼ־ͿԴ򷢡
ǵʬһӣʦ˳
밢ʦһģϸСʦŵ
ʦʱ״̬ңֻһڵĶʮľϵֶ˸ɾ
ʦľѪҲû¶٣㾫ѪΪ˲
ûͬʰһԴʦһû˵ͿԵõҪĶ
ʦܸͬоʦһͽϢرǰʦʧȥϵ֣Ϊͨ˺ϵͽϢ͸Ϊˡ
ľʩչ⡮Ǻܾǰڵͼʱõġ
ʲôطֻһ־üɡ
£ʹáԸǿʦǸܳɹġ
ʦڵҪ˵ʦʵˣʧȥϵֺͬͨˡ
־ҲھѪɺ󣬱ü䱡
ľڰʦʵʱҲѹʦģ˵֮¡
԰ʦĿƷһ㣬ʹðʦҪӻѣɻûеȰʦѹͱġסˡ
ʦ۾۾֮ʧȥ⡣
ңΪҪץʱþĳ̶ֳƿ˰ʦʳؼ⡣
Ӣ۹ҪץסԼŲ²⣬ľʱйء
Ҫʦ˵׼ȷԭ֤ʵĲ²⡣
һԶšʥҪץסҵʥʦЩľ»˻ش
֪Լڵľʱӽʲôľʱǡʥ
ʥʲôôڲģǺ桮ʥǺôӢ۹ʧȥġ
ʥԶʮʷϼءʥӵӴõʥͿԴﵽ
ʥڷֺ󲻾ãͱ͵ߣ˵ǻ˼壬ʥǴżʧˡ
ֱٶǰǸ֪ˡʥϢڲ򣬿ʼԲչãʦ֪һж˵˳
ͨʦĻ²֪ǶαʷеĹ£ǹµĵߡ
Ӣ۹һʮżзһʥΪľǡʥ
ʱھʦеһλ֪ʹʲôΪ˾ʦж
ؼ֮ʱλ˽⵽ʥ֪һʥͻӢ۹Ӣ۹ʵ
ʥżʿԸӵǿѪǷ֡ʥʱоĹʶ
Ǽ䲻͵ȡˡʥȴҲӢ۹ǿ߷֣١
þû뵽ģʥȻ˼ѪҺˣżƿռԶݡ
Ҳû뵽ʥ뿪ӿռгȴһûмһ
ûʿֵĻûС
ʿĻĮ֮УûʿûʿûʿԴһжûС
üû뵽ģɹռһ壬û֡
¼ųԽ֪ʶһͨ壬Ҫû֣ûԴ£Ϊһʿǲġ
ûм磬ͼֻвĲͼԶһƬޣ⴦ûбǣʹü޷ϵ
ȻҲǴ߼ģûа취ʿȴҲƾšʥİӵ˱ͨǿܶľ
ڼľûоϵֵ£ܹвͼʿ
ѹ֪ʶɹĲ߲㣬Ϊ˹
Ҳó̫ǿϵͳϵҲ֧ϵͳ
սĹսǣ˵սǵ磬ڵʱĲ֮УǴھԵѹ
ļƻǽƿ֣ȻټӴƼͶ룬ȡϵͨ벩ȡϵ
һмƻʮڹսʻǣҪͳβһʱȴһְҵս
ǰְҵսǿĴڣ֮鶼ļ֮С
˹ļƻùڱ״̬ʥûлָ޷һδŹ뿪
Ϊ˱ԡʥΪý飬´ǿ䣬ԭżбĥһֿáʥз
޷õʥҲӢ۹ãǹʱ뷨
Ҫһ֣ǰĲпʵ֡
Ӣ۹ͻʦʮķ𣿡ʵ
УʦشĵǸɴࡣ
ʲô¶˾ϲ֮ɫ׷ʵ
Ȼ֪Ӣ۹ųԽʮĴڣڰʦеõ֤ʵǷǳ˵ġ
ʵʮӯв̵ľ룬ǿվһԵʱϢѾ˶ʮʦĩڡ
˰ʦȫǶʮľͬӢ߼ľ
ðʦľûʲô˷ѣȫˡ
õĺôʵһӾ˶ʮĩڣһʱͿԴﵽӯ
ﵽʮĩڣ͵ܿﵽʮĩڣѵʱ䲻ǽϵڵ³ĸǿ
ò˶ú󣬰ǰͻƶʮ
ĵӢ۹Ӣ۹ųԽʮĴڣôͱ뽫ԼʵҲԽʮ
һӾҪϵĶأӱӢ۹׷ɱ
⣬֪ˡʥҪԺһӢ۹ȷʥϣôӢ۹׷Ȼ
һΰʦϳ˷ɫ
ƺⴥ˰ʦϵҪ㣬ãҲƺҪָɡ
һʦҪ롮Ŀơ
ⲻûش𣡡æ˵
Ͳһ㣬ʦҪӡ룬ͻƶʮķĳֽɡ
⣬ʦɫҲָֹֻ֮ͣã״̬
Ӣ۹֮⣬˭׼ץ˸ʵ
СĵĹ۲Űʦ״̬һʲô仯ֹͣ⡣
˻ȷλúץⲢû𰢷ʦķӦʵĻش
ǰʵΣһʵ
ܹʦ֮Ϊ˵ģҪôӢ۹ĵλȰʦߣҪôʵԽʦ
ߵĿԸһЩ
ΪץҪǸǿʵߣǰǰʦûаץסǰ£ɼʵȰʦǿ
˵ʵΪʮһʦش
΢΢һʮһľ飬ڴϵ֮Уûгʮʵ֡
֪Ӧýʮһ֮Ϊʲôʦ֮ʵʲô


544 ƻ
ʮһʵʲôʵ
ڲܴһЩ֮£׼һЩֳʶԵ⡣
鷢ˣƼͨ⣬ȴðʦٴķӦ
ⲻûش𣡡æһֹ⡣
ףһʵʲôеģôðʦôķӦ
ɴνпռ䶨λԾģ˸⡣
ʦֳ֮ɫɼΪС
ûش𣡡ε˵ʵʲôطҵ߼ʮżʮʹõľϵҩ
һʱ֮䶼֪ܹʲôˣȱٵľǾϵҩ˳
Ӣ̹ǳϵԴĻأʦûгɵĻش
ԴӢ۹㲻ʲôرҪϢ
ӺʲôܣŻðʦ޷ش֮ǰ⡣
̹Ƕ˵Ǹİ
Ϊ̹ǴӢڣӢɲţһյ
ͼ֮ϣûӢڲͼӢλãҲֻиŵķѡ
ȴ֪̹ǵλãӾʦлõĸնˣھӢͼ
Ϣ¼˵ǰ߼Ӣ۹ǼΪðյΪԶ155ţڰȫϲҪ̫ġ
Ӣ߼к𣿡ԥһ£ٴʵ
ǻ˸ʽҪʳͻƶʮķ
ͻƶʮҪӰʦʵЩʲô
ǡʦ׼ڣƺִʲôãĿͻȻ
ҲһӴӡ֮ѹ˿־֮ɫ
ܹ԰ʦʹá˰ʦľѪʹðʦں̶ܴʧȥþѪǿĺܶණ
ͻȻʧȥʹðʦ޷ӦŸᡣ
ʳ⣬ðʦ˴״̬
׼Ӵ󡮴ɰʦȴǱɫ
ʦϳϣ
ƺоһɿӸдңԶһ
ķһ磡һץסʦķ
ڿʦлŵɫҶӺ󣬸һʦſȴϸСɫҶӰ
ͬɫҶսսָʱķѾ˶̾ռ䴫͡
ԶĿӸԽԽǿңƺ԰ʦΪĿ꣬ڽĳϵ
ʱ򰢷ʦ괦ڼ״̬ԭڷʱˣȴܵĳδ֪Ӱš
ʦˣоҲ޷״̬İʦ
ĳͨϵʦ걣
оͷƤǣԶƺڽ밢ʦϵ˿ռ䲨
ԶӵֶεĴڣʵһǳԽ˶ʮĴڣǰʦ˵İˡ
ԽʮĴжǿο飬˵ʵôʹڼΣ֮С
ʦԶ˵ϵϵļǿռ䲨Ҳǿ
ӥһӥĽ¡
ʮʵĽӥٶȵж죬޷׼ȷжϡ
ӥӥյ
ӥ֮ǰĿռѷ죬ǰ
ԥûԥͽʦ֮ڡ
ܹ뵽Ψһ취ǾƵķľ
ʦûмֵѾ꣬Ī֮ѡ
ڰʦս֮ţһӰӰʦϳ֡
岻һͣоѹƣȫʧȥ˷֮
ָоܣ޷ʮڵǿߣȴͻȻֵӰǰȫѹˡ
ѹģо綼ΪС
ϵʧȥ˶еľĸӦϵ˵ʮżľϵѹƵ˼ˡ
ֻС򡯻ܹãܹõҲֻԼڴ洢ġȫʧȥ˸Ӧ
ǺǿĴڣڴһʧȥ˵ֿ
ڸ߽ʿ֮ʱʦûУͬһ㡣
ڰʦԵģȻǰˡ
ʦʧȥϵһֱעİ쳣
ɫҶҲʧȥϵʹð֪ʦǳˡ
ֱʦ뾫ĸȡϵ
ͨĸʦ걣°ʦ屻ݻ٣Ҳƾžĸʦؽ塣
Ȼĸؽľ廹ҪʦͷѾӢ۹Ҫǿˡ
Ҫ֪ǸҪڶ߼֮ҲǶеġ
֪ʦΪ˺µģڱðʦͨĸ밢ʦ꽨ϵֽһռͨ
ͨռͨҪɴģͬĳ̶ֳǳ롣
ðû뵽ģʦλǴмвĻ
ڴУĴڣֻ뿪ĸʱ֮󣬲Żʵ½
Ҳֻʵ½󣬲ſΣա
Ϊ飬ھĸα񣬵飬ʵֻжʮĴ磬ʵû½һ֮ǰû˭ɱ
ôճ޵֮ѹһеİȴǺܿ췢Ļԣû޵ƣ
崦֮ڣӵǿռѷ죬ҲҽС
ΪռѷڶʮʮԼʮ֮ţͻܵͬʱ
綼Ĵ磬ڰʵԶռѷ
԰֮ڵǿдĿռϣǿԿ
źܶطĲܣһǰȻ
Ŀռѹ֮ڰ֮ϣ忪ʼ˱
ҵţͨĸɾתɵӶʮʦȴڴʱռ֮ƻš
ôû뵽һοƼ䰲ȫжȴѡ
ûпǹǰ
Ҫץõһʦ¾šʥǿҲᳬʮ
Գ֣ѾǼ俴ˡ
⻹Ƿˣ˾޴鷳֮С
ûнߣڰһ˶ƿأеĸҲػƿء
Űͷ­һΪ˰ͷ­
ڴ屻ƻĹ֮Уûע⵽Ĺ
ĹƤûƿɵľ
ôĴڣʮһʮ֮˴Ĳ
˵û˿ķķҲ֮ĥˣƾƤȫһ
ûĹ˵򡯸ǿһЩͨղһ֪Ȼ޷˺
Һð֮ŵƻ֮УĹ޷Ĺע
Ҳ˵ĹжôССû⡣
ҧҧʮΣգĿԼ
Ҫȷ䣬ܹɱûᡣ
λᣬ벻ܹ֮ɱ
԰Ĳ£֮ƻţֻͷ­¶֮档
ȷֻͷ­ܷǲ̬жϵġ
ԼѾﵽ˼£ǿ԰ٷ֮ٿ϶ģΪǶʮľʦҲ޷ȡ
ǰİԶӦе塣
˲䣬ĴһͬжţҪҳ𰢲ͷ­ķ
ɣʱ˾
ֺһֻץס˰ͷ­ʱ򰢲峹ʧˣͷ­״̬
״̬ңƻֻͷ­µ󲿷ֶ֮УټΪ˶Կ֮ţʧµʹʵ״̬
ûѾͨʣ껹ģֻҪصĸͿ
Ȼ̻Ҫܶ꣬ҪӢ۹ĵλ㲢ѡ
Ǿ֮ţҪô֮ʱͷ­ȴϸСסˡ


545 ·
ߣһ񲨶ʱ޷˵ַֻͨʽԼеķŭ
ᰢϸС˿ڴ۶ڱǵÿһͷ­ڲ
Ҫʧȥƾµͷ­޷Կ
ְӴĶϿڣǽɫѪҺ
ЩɫѪҺһּ֮УƺÿһνɫѪҺ֮ж̺޾
ȫӣϸС뵽һεεĽɫѪҺ֮УϸСŽɫѪҺ
ɵĹУϸС˵ɫɽɫѪҺԽ࣬ɫҲڼء
ߣߣľʵٲһƺĳΪ
ʵҲҪѪԻᱻѪֱӳű
ΪѪ㼯Ȼʧȥ˾󲿷ֵѪһѪеҲԳűһλʮ
ͬı弫ͣʦܹƿķ
㹻ǿļ֤ͣᱻѪӰ챾壬츳Ҳ㹻ʱѪ
뵽ͷ­ڲʱƺǴʲôһֱŵİͻȻֹͣ˾񲨶
ͨϵӰͷ­ץһƺ޵ʵĹŹ־壬ڽӴŹ־󣬱ܵĽϸСȥ
ڹŹ־밢󣬰ֹͣ˾񲨶
ԭͷ­ϵϢһּٶ½š
ϸСɵٶȼӿ˺ܶ࣬ƺʧȥ˹Ź־󣬰ͷ­ɵĵֿ˺ܶࡣ
˿֮ţͷƤ֮С
û뵽֮Ż˿£֪ʮһ׼ȷʵӰչֳĿֲϢԿ϶ﵽĲʵ
ĴڣȴǱ֮Ż塣
ϧ屻ƻЯһƷҲȫ֮һͬûеõô
ȻܹΣյľѾ㹻ˡ
ûԭͣӥصԶ155ڵռ䡣
ϸ۲˰ͷ­ְͷ­Ѿʧȥۼͷ­ǿҵӦֻ
սսָŷصԶ155š
ռʱԽԽоȫӢ۹׷ʵ̫ǿˣռżı¶ܡ
һΣҲһ£ܽŵľߡ
֪ǲÿһ鶼ͬʦʱͨĪķʽӢ۹ǿͨǰԮ
һã֮ԣû֮ڲֻ࣬ܿӢ۹ǿڳ֣û˿İ취롣
Ҫǰû˿˵ĳ֣־ܾûκεĿˡ
ʵ̫ǿˣһͷ޷ֺ
ڰͷ­ڵĹŹ־屻ϸС밢ͷ­뿪ʱԶӢ۹Ƿ˾䡣
̵ģ̺Ȼ֮ľĸȻ䷢𶯡
ĸһҶӱÿݻƣһƬƬҶӴӾĸ֮Ʈ䡣
ЩݻƵҶϣҶںһľ飬ÿһλ鶼ʮ˼ʦʵ
ɵݻҶӴӾĸƮ֮ʱҶںϵľҲ֮һͬʧĳΪ˿ݻҶӵɲ֡
ӴľĸԣЩҶӲ࣬ʵʵȴǴﵽһ֮
Ҳ˵Ӣ۹˲һʮ˼ʵʦ
ʧκǻԵĴɶڼÿһ鶼ʦӢ۹ȴֻǰٷ֮һʧ
һʮ˼ʵľʦ䣬˵޷Ӣ۹ʧȥٵʵӰȴսʧжϡ
ˣһ̾ӾĸĴ
ʮֲھĸг֣ʮλƶʮľ顣
ôģһǿҵľ벻š
ԴӽþĸͻƶʮӢ۹ûʧκһλ顣
ǵģӢ۹֪Уͻ˶ʮ顣
ʹõĳ񷽷ʮ飬һΰĳɾ͡
˵ʮ飬ĳ̶ֳȫ뾫ĸһ飬Ǵ磬¾ʵ˷ɢʮ֮еκһλҲ޵еĴˡ
䣬Ӣ۹ȶһλλӣӢ۹ʵĲ
Ҵûһλһȴǵһγ䡣
ǲ޵۹֣оʵ
ĸľ鶼ѹ£󲿷鶼뾫ĸںϵ״̬뾫ĸ˼ġ
ʱѵ飬ҲֻǼİѵ顣
޵۹սǲõķʽӢ۹̫ͬʵʵսûж
ԾŻΪ߼ɱ˰ڴҲֻ߼ʵ
ǲ޵۹֣Ӿĸ֪ɱĳֲоص
ǰ뾫ĸϵģĸ֪˰Ĳ
ⲻܣܹɱֲǲܴڵģо鷴Ӧҵ˵
ֲż̵оĸǿֲ
ҪһԣʧȥǽԶʧȥһλ۵
ĸһһٷԣʮֱںһԣĸִаʮķԡ
ںԲףӢ۹ľ츳ߣһҲ͵ʮܹںԵľ顣
ڰʮ
ʮ뾫ĸһʱһ飬ʧһԣͻʹ鲻
ʧȥٷ֮һԣԾĸӰ쳬˰ٷ֮һӰ졣
ĸδʱУ޷ֱһʧȥԡ
ȵḶ́پһԣһ鷢뷨
ûһλҪðգ뷨õоͬ
Դӻ˾ĸһԳΪЩͳΪ飬ȻðգΪһ
ԷȻܹɱôпͬɱǡ
һ˳ȥӢ۹鱨ת
֪Ӣ۹֪ɱ˰ɱһʮ˼ϵľʦ
Զ155Уǰȫ뵽ڡ
ͷ­Ѿȫɣͷ­ȫ޷δ֪̻ɡ
ĿǰıڣЩδ֪洢УֻһС֡
ֻһС֣ﵽ˶ʮӯ
⣬ƺʲô˲õĶǸŹ־ڱɺɱ䡣
֪ıһЩĪζЩϢֻϢ䵭ȷ
˾ĸİٷ֮һԣǰĸٷ֮һڴҲ飬ӵųʦǿ
Ψһȱ޷ʱ뿪ĸʱ뿪ĸʹٷ֮һ뾫ĸ֮ϵӶʹðٷ֮һ½
ٷ֮һʱԲû˿½ǿ״̬
ڰ̫ˣʱͱ֮Ŀռ֮ĥʧȥ˾󲿷ֵʵ֮ɹУ޷쵽ͳ䡣
ԣǰٷ֮һԣǼѵ¡
˵ǶʮʵͬҲͬԡ
˭оĸֲȻʹɾĸûʲô鷳
ڵ״̬Ƚ⣬ĸٷ֮һˣĳ̶ֳˡ
ٷ֮һʵ̫ˣټϰµҲͬ٣ɵȫɱ䡣
ֻӵЩԵĶʮ۷ڣŬܹɱ䵽һҪȫɺĽ
ǵһҲһֱڵջࡣ
ͨͻƶʮĿܡ
Զ155źеĿӢ̹ǣ˴κҪʮʱ䣬ӢңԶ
κҲԶһκУڿռвеʮ캽УռҲǺϵĺˡ
ҪԶ155ţͨǰӢǼѴɵģʱ˷ںϣǲġ
ںеĵʮ죬ȫ
ȷʵƿ˶ʮƿҪ˵ﵽ˶ʮһȴǻĺܶࡣ
ͨӣ֪Ҫû㹻ʮһ
Ҫɲͨ
ϢҪƷ
ڵõϢ󣬲пЦܹɱǼˣﻹܹø


546 
ʵǿͻ˶ʮ԰ͬʵĴڣһ԰ʲôͬ
ᱻԷѹƵ޷ֺʧȥ뾫ƿء
ҪƵʵ޷Ҫλȡ
һ£ɫҶûûɣϸСš
ڷ
ʼɫҶӣϸС뵽ɫҶӵڲõ
ŷ֣ԭɫҶҲҪ˼·
ɫҶڴʮҵȴźܶࡣ
֮У
ȴ̹Ƿغ󣬾ȥ֮ŴܲͨķĿռ硣
ɱͻƶʮĲο޷߼лͻƶʮ£ҲֻԼˡ
ͨķоҳһͻƶʮĵ·
ʮǳѣҪ£ĵӢ۹ųԽʮǿڡ
СʥӢ۹һҪʵ޾Ӣ۹ĳ̶ȣܹڴӵȨ
ͨɱ̣ҲԼһЩ⡣
ƺҪͻƶʮҪԼתΪҲĿǰġ
˵ԣ֪ԵĴڣΪֱ۵ĸܾǿ
ԭıͼǿ󣬳˲ֵ
Ҳͻ˶ʮƿԭ򣬿ϧûк֧֣޷ȫɱ䡣
ڵľﵽ˶ʮ۷壬ֱȶʮ۷һЩ
ʹսʮ۷ʦļͣս
ľҵڣ棬˫ְļϷԸ
ȶʵҪϵʵϵȥ
ľڣľ뵽ԼϵС
ϵԭ뵼뵽ĸǿںϣõ
ʱԣϽʮ۷ľ뵽ڣϵڵʮ۷ľ䡣
ϵϵϢʱ䣬ʮ۷塣
ϵﵽʮ۷壬оϵڵӯͬʱ̵ĸܵؼ
Ҫ˵ʮ۷ƿϸܹǵײǱ壬õĸܲ籾㡣
ǰƿһǽһɽôʮ۷ƿ絲ǰ档
˾УҪͻƿǰۿ˶ʮһľ飬оûǰ·
Ȼǰ·ҾһҵҲҲҪԼ߳һ·սȭͷԼ˵
еʱ䣬Ѱͻƶʮĵ·
ΪҪǣŷ򣬲äĿѰҡ
ҵ·һߵ·ֻҪΪҵͿɱȥʮ
ξǡ򡯣򡯵Ŀǰʮûκεƿ
ĴڣһǾ԰ͻƶʮƿ
ֻ򡯴ﵽʮӯҪʱ䣬ⲻǶʱԴﵽġ
Ҳܽһϣϣ֮ǰܵɹ
ӥʵȫ˶ʮ۷壬ϧľϵʵʮżӰӵϵȻ޷
Զ155Ž뵽ӢͨĻռӢ
ûԶ155ſɨ裬ųԽʮǿڣұ֤Ӣ۹ĿƼǿڵǷᷢԶ155ŵɨźš
ҪľĽ룬κξԼļƻ
߼Ӣ۹Ҳֻ࣬ͼʾͨԶ155Ź۲ռҲԷһ㡣
󲿷ֶһƬڣֻмĺǹâҫΪһ˿
Զ155ſ̹ǡ
Զ155ֱӴӿռв̹ǵ棬Բͨɨֱӹ۲̹ǵ
̹Ǳһǣһڿзæµš
Щÿһλʦûһʵʦ֮µġ
һ˵Ӣ۹츳ǿй²⣬ʵ󣬻Ǳ𺳵ˡ
һгԱʦףôĸ
лعȴǷһľʦûʵﵽʮ˼ġ
ÿһʦʮʮ߼ԾѪжϣЩʦľѪ൱
ѵЩʦǿ۲æµŵľʦ
ʮʮ߼ʦκжǾԵս
֮аٷ֮ʮʦʮʮ߼ʦɵģⲿʦҲĴڡ
ʮ˼ʮżʦ⣬ʮʮ߼ʦΪ󲿷ֵĶսʦȨ
Ӣ۹ʮʮ߼ʦȴš
ֲҩݣʮʮ߼ʦչЩҩݡ
ĿҩϣҩϢϵǱԶҩΪ߼
ֲҩݣǱԶֲҪ߽׵ҩݡ
ʮʮ߼ʦľͷųԹЩҩգһδֲ
ʮʮ߼ʦǳ࣬һƬֲλʦ
Դжϣ̹ǱȫֲôҪʮƵʮʮ߼ʦչˡ
ݳޣʵ̫ݳˣи̾
Զ155ƶֲԵľȥ
հʦṩϢֲԾ߼ϵҩĹ
Զ155Ž뵽ڲŶʮʮʮ߼ʦľʦͬľʦҩ
Ĺ۲죬ʮʦÿһλˮƽŵȥÿһλʦҩʦ
ʮʦϾͬͨߵĹһ㣬˿ûдʦӦеʡ
˵ûҩʦʣǳҩȴɫһΪҪ߼ϵҩ
ʦûƭȷʵϵҩĵط
û֣һƳҩ뵽Уڹʧ
ʱ֣ҲеҩԼҩݶѡ
ûмֵ߼ҩƷԼ䷽ûУʹǻԭϣҲûа취Ƴ߼ҩ
ǹжϳǹӦǴװá
ִװõĿռǳ;ܽᳬ
ֻҪҵҩ͵ͻд߼ϵҩڡ
뵽Զ155̹Ѱ
˸ҩҲΪЩҩʦˮƽľʦӡ
Ϊҩʦˮƽʦλ֮࣬Ѫľʹþҩżǿ츳
гˮƽߵҩʦ̫ˣʹҩʦĵλӢ۹ߡ
ȻҪһ㣬Ӣ۹ľӢ鶼̹ǣӢ鶼ھĸӢ۹ľڡ
ΪҪ߼ҩӢ۹֮вܶӡ
ֻû뾫ĸںϵľ飬Ҫʹ߼ҩʹ߼ҩʵӵѪרá
Խǹ۲ԽǾٷ֮ٿ϶Ӣ۹ȫ׵ֲֲԶֲ
֪ǣӢ۹ĴвûΪжϣڻԶĴкӢ۹ּˮƽõ˼ķչ
а취ϵͳ𣿡һȦҲûзҪҵģֻ֮
һʼûϵͳӢ
߼ǲżģԶžżִ߼֮䲢ñȽϣ߼ڼϳԶķ档
֪Ƿᱻʵûа취Ҳˡ
ˣ֣Ӧ
ԼжʮӣŻظֳɹ
ǰĹĻϳ̹ǵĵͼ˱Ϊֿĵط
ѹ޷ҵֿ׿еؿռڣҪŻˡ
ȴǱȫ׵ĿƼҩݵֲٵ䷽ԼƷ
ĳӢ۹Щϲӣϵͳܶûϵͳ˾Ϳ鿴
ϵϸںӢ۹Ϊβй
׿Ƽҩݵֲ䷽ƣ޲ҪҪһǾͨӢ߼ľ
ûضľ޷ҩݣ˵ʹľĴˡ
ҲûпϸһݣԺȫԼֲ߼ҩˡ


547 
Զ155Żص˿ռֿڵأѾһºˣȻ˵Զ155ҲͬռֿǸһЩ
ռֿУϴЦݡ
һӢ۹˴߼ϵҩǧݡ
̹ǵĲ֮ߣ̹ǲֿ֮УŽӽ߸µĲ
Ӣ۹ҩַһΪ׼ģݲֿڵļ¼һηַԴµʱ䡣
޸˲ֿļ¼ֻҪû˽ֿ鿴Ͳֲֿᷢжʧҩ֮¡
ȻûҪµ뷨ֻҪ㹻ʱ뿪Ӣ㹻ˡ
֪Ӣ۹ʲôʱֲֿᷢⶪʧҩ֮£ƽ뿪Ӣ򣬲ûκε鷳
ǧ߼ϵҩоεðռΪֵá
ϵﵽʮ۷壬ûͻƵķϵѾûʲôЧ
ܹģǾϵ롮򡯡
Զ155ŷصĺ;Уʹù߼ϵҩ
һµʮżϵкڡ
عÿӢ߼ڤ뷨⣬ȫڡ򡯵ϡ
㹻߼ϵҩӢ۹һ߼ҩļòϡ
Ҳⷽǧݵ߼ϵҩ㹻ϵʮ۷塣
еʱķǳ죬û뿪ռֿ⣬Ӣ۹Ҳһֱ޷׷ٵ
÷̶ܲľһ
ɪķʦӰڿռ⣬εĿͻȻֵľɴдŨŨĲ
Ѿźţƾ÷еʵԿʸûС
ɴ򿪣λʦӾɴзɳһɿֲϢ̫ɨ
ɪķʦȫһоǿҵѹơ
ʮʦķĲϴεʮżʦܹѹһеĶʮʦ
Ҫ˵ɪķʦֻһ˥ڵʮżʦǺųưʦҲ޷Ӣ۹Ķʮʦȡ
ľʦȴλǶô÷С
λʦˣ֪÷к£ɪķʦȶһǰ
ǴӢ۹÷ȡյԶż꣡ʦ˵
ΪӢ۹ľӢ飬ͬǷǳӢ۹¡
رһͬ鶼ھĸۿԵľĸҶƮ䣬ҶһƮһʵʶľʦ
һնڹʦͬһ㣬Ϊʮλʮ˼Ͼʦѹδﵽʮһľʦȴ޷֮¡
ڸϱȽϵĮǿʦֻеһͽ
Եʧ䣬ΪһԣӾĸ˰λʮʦӢ۹鱨ŵж
ʦͬǴӾĸľʦǶǰ÷ܲźܶľ衣
ʮλ֮һİ֮£ھӢǲܡ
ɱͳΪоӢǵجΣʮʵ޷ĨƽеĿ־塣
Ӣ֪ʮλΰ󣬸֪ܹɱҪôֲʵ
ԹʦȻǿƣȴҲֻǱѣ֮ваٶ
ǶͬΰڵľηھӢΪṩĹʱǾͱܵĶΰžη
飬սȴþӢ齫顣
رӢͬʱĳǿ˹ʦĹ۸С
ɪķʦʦҪһôҲû뵽ԷҪ
Զżʲôһĸ
÷˵֮ԿԹʮλʦΪһЩԶż
ЩԶżʦԴΪʦԴ
ǲռǵԶżֻǹȥѲ飬ǻʦԶż֮Уֻ÷УӢ۹ѲѷֵԶżʦɪķʦɫֽŽ͵
ɪķʦЩԼĶ䣬˵ʵӢ۹ҪԶżλȻЩԵⲢûг
Ӣ۹ǿǳģʷ֮й¼Ǽ¼УʦȫĮ
˾ʦĿ˸ðʦðӢ۹
ǰľʦʵﵽʮľʦȴ˵̬ҪɶԷǲǶʮʦˡ
ҪǹʦϵĶʮϢ٣ɪķʦһ¶Է
÷еԶżλãɪķʦûоܾҲûоܾʱ
ˣʦ΢΢˵ͷͬһͬصɴɴʧ
ɪķʦʧľɴֱԻ֮УΪλʮʦ˺˵
ֿ˿ʱ䣬Ϣʱ䣬ʱӦʦˡ
ֱڣҲûпʦ֣Щ̫ˡ
Ҫ֪ڲҪϹֻҪһοռƶ͵ѵʱ伫̡
ټִصʦһźžͻϵ
֮Уһҷɴгִ֣׵İʦӷɴзɳ
ʦл˵ʦֻʮ߼ʦñɪķʦоûбЦк
ɪķʦʮֱǸʦˣһǴһߵŸϹģʦ
Ƿʲô£ɪķʦ뵽˸ղλʦ˵һʵ
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ҵǱߺڵʦܾԶżλãʦشػʮλʦʦɱھʦֻҪԶżλãûдɱ¾ʦЦŻش
ڵʦôģ»žܾɪķʦεҡҡͷ˵
ɪķʦԼҶײʮʦ˫Ͳͬһεʵ
ԶżȷʵҪȣҪġ
˵ˣ߼Զż̬ȷģ߼ƵΧ⣬Զż߼Ȥ
ҪȻ߼ʵЩԶżֵͼȾָȫչ鵽߼С
ɪķʦ֪ǣǰҵľʦûйʦô˵λʦûиڵʦʲô
ʹúڵʦΪʦҵԶżȻ׵Ľȥ
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ʦ֪ʦΪλ𣿡ɪķʦ׷ʵ
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ӸղŵľʦУ֪˾ʦҪԶżλõԭΪҳλá
ڵ֪£᲻ʧ÷С
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֮÷鱨˱ɪķʦһ鱨
鱨֮˵ˣֻоʦǰҪԶżλãĳͻʮλʦ䡣
˱ʦɵӰǽصһΡ
Ӣ۹˿飬ⲢûӰ쵽ʦǵж
ʦ㵽ʲôӢ۹˵ķ񣡡ɪķʦĿ鱨
˵Ӣ۹ҲǷǳԵģô˵Ӧеĸ߰¡
ɿһΣʦǿ£ﻹһ㾫ķνţνȻ޴档
ɪķʦûϵǳǰľƣ÷вС
÷Ѿûʸ뵽Ӣ۹ĳͻ֮Уǰľʦ̬ȲֻҪ÷ϵȴ÷еľǱɨƽ
ڽУʦǽһԶżѰټ
ϧǵĿȾʹˣȥҵûнԶżһжӢ۹Ĳ²⡣
ǿ޷׷ٵĵطҲԶżˡ


548 
һºɹĽϵ˶ʮ
εĽ̼˳ԭǴӾʦնлõĵãرǶʮʦնڵϸǷḻ
ʦնڣֻϵĵãžϵĵá
ҰйأŬΪӢ۹񣬾ҪùӶܵĸĹע
ҪΪӢ۹ĵʮλ飬ⲻҪĸİҪ֪ʶۡ
ʦ⣬аȫڸն֮Уʱۿ
ĺôЩϺ󣬶ھϵʮżʮ֪ʶ˸Ĵ
Եʵʮżӯ󣬲Ź˼ʱͳ˽֮ɽ˶ʮ
е̵ĺôֻҪ츳㹻ͿԴ֪ʶﵽ츳Ķ㡣
ھϵﵽʮҲ֪ͬ˾ϵֵʲô£һֽ޿ɽĸо
󣬾ϵһЩǱһεĽ޷оϵֵǱ
׾ϵ˶ʮȷʵ˾ͷʦûƭ
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ϵһûκεƿֱ۷֮ʱűס
֪Լ츳ԲӦǿľʦĵУҲֻмľʦһ·˳
Ӣ۹ľ飬ӵоѪġ
ٶȣͿжϳѪжôǿرӢ߼֮׵Ĺʱչֳ˳Ч
ȻоԼ츳У嵽׳ڲ
ǿĴڲʮ߼ǿ츳
츳ǿҲ츳¡
츳޷뾫ѪȵģӢ۹ľǣÿһλʦס
Ӣ۹ʮ߼ľʦλͣ
츳ʵϻǹ鹦ڡʥľϵֻںϺ츳ɣϵȷʵǵڡʥ
⻹ֻǡʥĻ֮ÿɫҺϴˢ壬ָֻ״̬ʵһֶ츳Ĵ
ÿɫҺ嶼ڵκ覴ã屣żȵĴִӰ츳굽ÿ춼š
ǻģһǿģʱԽʵЧԽԡ
ڿռֿУҪԺ·
ϵ뾫ϵ϶ﵽ˼£ʮ۷ϵ뾫ϵľͷԸ֪Ŀܡ
йƻԵȴһʱ䣬ȡʮӯǷܹʵʮһ
һʮһôʧȥ˽Ļᡣ
һͨй㣬ĽǣԡʮһӵʱʮһġӦôϢ
һλ֮ڣԡʮһڽͻᱻλ֮Ӧ
֮׷ɱԼ㶼㲻
ҪǰĻҪڡӯ֮ǰ
ǰ磬Ϊ˸ṩһʵʮһĺô
ôɲֻӵһλʮһӵսķ
Ǹṩǰķ̣ܹͨõоϵ뾫ϵһķ
ĸӦ֮УʮһԻһҪĹ̡
ľϵﵽ˾ϵĶ㣬ĸӦҲǿ˼£ʮԼĸӦ
ڿռֿһʱ䣬ڡ򡯴ﵽʮĩʱ뿪˿ռֿ⡣
Զ155һεĿ֮ţɲɱʵԶ簢λ飬Űûе֮
ķӵпռ֮ġ
رٶﵽףҲʵ
ڵǴվеĳɳڣһվǲɳġ
ԽǿɳԽǻ
κվ޶ûеĳɳÿ춼յʮ۷Ļתÿ춼ܹڵ
ʮ۷Ļڴ֮Ҳ컨ˣڻû˸ǿ
һ֮ţػ߻λʮżʦ
۲һ£λʦʵʮżʦǶˡ
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֪Ӣ۹ʵʵִû˿ĵġ
԰ٷ֮ٿ϶ֻҪ֮޷ͨʮϵĴڣôٵǿߣ޷ԴɶӰ졣
֪ʦࡣ
Ӣ۹ÿһλ飬ʵﵽʦףʦ׵սϣӢ۹Ϳѹ硣
˵Ӣ۹ֻ߼еһвԼ޵۹Ĵڡ
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Զ155ű֮ͣһξĿռвڣվıϣͬڿռвڡ
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ʵûдﵽʮһǳ˶ʮڶʮʮһĲΡ
⴦ֻ֮ͨڶʮӥӰᱻսսָ֮ͨʱսָ޷ƭ֮š
ͨĻսһ޷ͨҲǷսԱķԼʵûдﵽʮͨ
ڴﵽɳںӵһռڹһĿռ䡣
⴦ռ䲻ڴ緶룬Ŀռ䣬վ޵Ĵʹ⴦ռ䳹
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ڽռ󣬾ſ˾Ҫ̽ľڽӴռ߽ʱȴʧȥ˷ǰһƬޡ
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λʮżʦϢĻһҲ֮ԡ
λʮżʦҲʮżʦǿλ
յ߼룬Ǵ֮ţǽпܻýʮԴ
Ϊ˻ýʮԴλʮżʦû˿ԥľˡ
Ȼ߼ҲǸھܾģ߼ġ
Ҹ֪쳣ǲ豸ˣһʮżʦ۲֮ڲתͷʵ
豸߼ṩģҲǸսûжã豸ûϤ
ܰɣ֮ţٹ۲һʱ䣬⣡ǰһλʮżʦȷ뷨
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Ƕܹ֣֮߼רΪ֮о豸ǿƼá
ߵǿ߾ȫƾĸ֪ԵĴ豸Ϊ׳ƾܻʱ򣬲ռ£ڿռ䲨ĸ֪ǲġ


549 
Զ֮ţŻصռ䡣
˵ռаǸоɡ
ڴ֮УһֱڿռֿڣҲûлصռ䡣
Ӣ۹żǿĹ˼ɣ֮ͨǰ£֪Ӣ۹ĳ׷ֶΡ
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ڿռвڶûʲôӰ죬еѹָлǻġ
ֱ磬Ÿоɣûз֮ǰɵġ
޾ķУ˵ųˡ򡯣û˿Ӱ졣
ԼϢرǾ֮УһЩ¶ľҷӦ
ȡһŵͼһõĵͼ
ϧݵͼôԱȣҲҲƵĲ֡
ڵ򲢲ݵͼϣҲ֮£ĵͼʮ󣬴󲿷ֵĵͼֻƳĵ
̫ңԶĵطһֻһԵıǣǶûС
ҡҡͷҪһݵͼ
ִӴ洢ռҳһۣҲһȨȣۻΪ˴жñĿʽ
ĶñڵסǻಢͬϵҲ˶٣ֻҪ¶ݾͿסˡ
һ֮ŷ෴Ͳķȥ
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ķķʵͣʮ弶Ѿķļˡ
ûǿѪİķٽһΪʦ޷쵽£ڵ޷ķ
һʱ䣬ڿԶĳС
һͳУе߽ĸһöɫʯɢ貵İɫâ
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ûҪǿжõ˼˵ĸ֪Уͳеǿ߲Ƕʵ
ʮ߼ʵĵֿ
ڳλõȶҪ鷳ˡ
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һ˿Ϣѹʮ弶Ҳ弶ʵ
ڵ棬ŲҲһЩȨȼϵļۣԼ¶Ϣһλļ롣
мأе嵹ǺӣڳŴͿţͷ֡ˡ
ţͷֵͣ࣬䲻ţͷ֣Ҳ٣˵ԶҪЩ١
һǻڿæó·
ҲûЩǻǰŵһţͷ鶼ûͷ˳ǡ
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Щ͵ĸ֪УȫĳѪ
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ʵ⣬ΪҪʽĻ
Ϊף㹻ϣ׵ȵȷʽԴûӶԼʵ
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˹һ֣һ˷ΪŽм䣬˹࣬Сĵ˺һ룬ʾ𾴡
ʮ־޴˹죬ټðݣֵм
ڽֵϵˣǼݳĻ·ģԶԶǾÿһбԵٶȣûöþǰ
лЩŵģ᲻ɨ赽ʲôϳ
ˣ˵֮ǰһð֮±¶Ϊ׷ɱ硣
ʱôãҲû˾裬뵽
Ҫ֪Ϊϵĸӡǲ뿪ģǲٻ磬һӡǾͻὫλϢݸ顣
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ȻҪϢͨĳַʽ˺˼ߡ
ȼ뻶ӭ뵽ѾΪ׼ʥͣȼû˿ݣ΢Ц˼˵
ϵϢǲƭ˵ģΪؼǣԶʮġ򡯼ðʮ弶Ϣ©ҲֻʮļĻȼԿġ
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룬ʱԸ˹һ뿪
룡ȼ˵
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һֻĴڻȼֱ֮ϣΪ׽ʵڽûȼϢӱ̽顣
Գе̽̽鲻һȼģټԶκһģҪòСġ
ȼʵ̫þȼϢûûȼ˿
ȻҲʧܵ׼⵽ôֽݻ٣ԼʲôòҲлᷢ
ĴѾ򿪣ԼĶĻӦ
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ףûм𣿡۲ܿͷ֮£̲סʵ
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޵ļʮ궼֮£˵ǸģǰŴģ޼벻֪֡
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ôй֮Ҳͱ֪ˣй;Ҳܿ챻ָ֣ı䡣
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ʵĲ࣬޷ֲĲֻ࣬Ҫȼûлϵ飬û˿ķء
ڴԸʮʦʱԹײöԷа˼Ļᡣ


550 
˾ƣûɱЩ룬ļĳֱ
ľΪһȼʮѧͽ嵽궼ס
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洢ռͼɢĲϢʱ󣬻ȼĴ洢ռͱ洢ռͼƷˡ
洢ռǼҪƷĿռ䣬ԣôڴ洢ռڵƷʮְȫ
Ļ洢ռͻ֮ڲƷ֮֡
£ִ洢ֶǰȫģǿļ뻹ǿԽøǿľǿ̽һλĴ洢ռ䡣
Ȼ亱ΪҪһλȫƲ˿ķֲܽɱ
Ҫѹʵܰ쵽ʵ࣬ǿҲῴϵͼƷˡ
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ȼĴ洢ռʧȥʶ£ȻһĿ֡
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һû뵽ı仯
ʵȻǿطȱϵ⣬ֻ֪ʹá
洢ռںϣûʲôƻ洢ռеԭƷǻȼ洢ռеƷתںϵĴ洢ռڡ
Ҳִ洢ռһ㣬ȷʵһ㣬Ĵ洢ռ䣬ȼĴ洢ռСĿ
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⣬洢ռںϣӦռӡ
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һĴ洢ռ䱾Դͨ뼶ģһεĻȼⷽҲûʲô⣬ӵݴ洢ռ䱾Դ
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Ҫаò֮ϡ
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˹űȥֻϣ⣬Ҳд鷳


551 
ȶԼ˹лػ߷Ӧģһɿֲʶ
ϧɿֲʶҪٵ֮ʱȴʧȥ޷ͣ
֮ϵֲʶ޷ǡ
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һʱ䣬ڵĶռУԶ˻ǡ
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ôࣿϸ۲һ֮ȫȷʵ׳󣬶̬ǻɾûмࡣ


554 
жĻɸˣ֮ò࣬Ŵ豸Щô֮ƺĳϵ
뵽豸ҵ˴ӴзֵĴ豸
Ǽ豸ȥһ鷽͵ʯ飬Ÿӵͼơ
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ԶŵʮҲǴϵ
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ڳΪ󣬴鴦˺֪ʶ
Щ֪ʶʵﵽʮԣûжٳһʱͽⲿ֪ʶˡ
֪ʶҪǹڶԵоһһΪع򡯣롮򡯡Ƶ
ϧٶŴİԼҲֻ֮һѾˡ򡯣޷Ĺ
ĹһҪΪ򡯡ع롮򡯣ǽ뵽ϸڡ
һϸֻһֹͼƣһֹĹͻᱻų⡣
Լǡ򡯣Ӱˡ򡯣ǰû롮սѧϰûӦ޷š
ѾӰռˣλ˴飬ܹĳսع򡯡
Ҳֻϵս飬ܹϵڵ
ԭعӦģǿսˡع򡯵İͿΪṩİ
Ҫ֪⻷֮гʹս֮УҲֻӰˡ򡯲ŲӰ졣
ˣӰ죬ΪռлֻڿռвУӴ
Ŀǰˡع򡯺󣬾ܹӵ粻Ӱ
תҪڣôΪܹȥع򡯡
ȡعԣľȫͬ
ƽʱڣһ㲢ʲôҪ£ڽʮһĹУȶľԿɲܵţ֪᲻ʲô⡣
ΣӢ߼ΪžѪİ
Ŀս֮Уķֱųǿ󴫳Уʵ׶ΣĴлֻǸոտʼоع򡯡
ķ˵ˣǳ磬عҲ档
ķֲսͣı֮С
ѡ˽ӥʵعӥԲ䣬ӥǻع򡯵Ҳͻ
ӰһӰľ롮򡯣Ҳһûаͻ
ΪҪǣӥһˡع򡯣ͿΪṩٶ֧ˡ
û˿ԥľͽع򡯹ͨ괫˽ӥҽ鴫֪ʶҲһͬ˽ӥ
ʮĽӥǻѾˣܹ⡮ع򡯹
ӥսָгع򡯣þϵڵĴ飬ӥϵһ
һεͲҪӥʣӥɹеĴ뵽ӥ֮УԽӥÿһϸ˸졣
ӥġع򡯳ɹš
֮ҪӥУֻÿһνʱΪӥṩýӥعϲƿ
֪ڽӥȼ̫ߵԭ򣬻ǡعڴ£ӥΪϣӥоڲϵĽš
һʱȥӥͽعʮ弶ﵽ˸߽۷塣
ٶģսָڵĴ̫٣ӥһʦס


555 Ϯ
ӥսָзųӵʮ弶ع򡯵ĽӥȫӦû˿ųС
綥ĺô½ӥȴҲʴ
վڽӥıϣоԼİȫһμǿˡ
˽ӥٶȣͿԳΪĵƣǶʹã̫ױˡ
ʱ䣬׼ǰĳжˡ
Ȼһ֣ҪպùʱģüзӦĻᡣ
ҲϮɹԭڣľռչʾڵĵطûһļɣʵ޷ɹϮġ
վڽӥıϣϢӥڸ߿֮Уֱӹ۲ųλõ
һöɫ壬ĳǻ֮֮ء
֪ǲϮԵʣ·Ļⷢʱ̼ųе
ӥôڻķΧ֮⣬Ҳõı֡
ԭΪֻҪһͿʮһǰջĴġ
ǵڻŸ֮ŸǴڵ֮˺ܶࡣ
ʹתûдﵽḶ̌ǰĳпҲ֪һȻ޷ɹˡ
ʹҲŹУʱ佫֮ռȫԸİ취ʱռ֮ˡ
ǳˣ˺ܾãĴ򿪣Ц
ӵӴľ䣬ǻⷢԭ
Ҫ֪ļҪ֮ģƽʱɲ˵˷ѡ
йܿ⣬һҪֳеĸʽֶ֮һ
ƿţ߳ţȫͲһ飬ʶ֮С
ֱס붼֪ʲôҪ鹦ڽӥٶȡ
ļⲨʱģÿһμⲨʱǳ̣ʱҲҪǶ˭ˣڽӥԣʱ㹻ӳĿзǰء
ʮ۷Ľӥǽٶȴﵽ˼£Ƴ飬ûκܹӥȡ
ڼ߳ŵʱ㣬ӥⲨ֮ļʱ䣬ǰ
ڽӥٶ̫죬ļⲨûзʵ㹻ǿһͽסˡ
Ľӥ뵽ڲһְֻ˻֮֮ϣ˲֮ʧ
ζû뿪ڲȫˡ򡯡
ֲĶʮԻڲݻ˻ȫǡ
ϵڵɱ¾ͼƲϵţŴ
ڵбӥΪһ纣֮гܿʧʡ
һûͣɽӥ˳ŵ·У﹫ת˲ҵһС
Ĵеֻ֣Ǵϵɫ壬Ǳ˪֮֮ء
յУ͸֪˳ı˪ĳֲֿڽ١
ӥǿߣһӥ
ӥתͷԶ˳У֪ǿֲڸԶԼŷ
֪ĹѾüλ˷Ӧ
رٽеڸен٣˷һЩҲҪֹٱϮ
ӥٶ̫ˣڱ˪֮ûнǰͿ˳Уܹݳߡ
ˣͨԴ豸оҵ֮ǰһδ͵Ŀռ꣡ԶкϢ֮ʱ
а취ռӦľλ𣿡ʵ
ﲢǴ磬˿ռͿԶλġ
ĿǰͼûУ˵ռָΪ߼Ķλˡ
豸Ŀռ꣬Ҫ豸ȻЩռƶ׼ȷռ꣡ظ
üͷ΢΢һ壬ղŴӻ֮пûзִ豸˵еŴ豸ġ
һֿܾǣֻдд豸ĴڣĻҪҵһܹµĴ豸
жϣҲҪ豸ڵĿռܹ꣬趨Ŀռϵ
ɲһʼǰĺϮˣĿǰʹֶ
֮ʱУǶʮ۷ΣյĸӦ
ҽĿռ䣡ͨϵ˵
ͱͽ뵽Ķռ䣬ʧϢʱ䣬һɵıɨ֮ûжһɨлɨɨ
ЩɨһΣط˶Σֱȷûзֺͣ
ֻÿһʶܷͨ̽
һжľ޴󣬵黹ˣΪһľٶҡĸ
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һǰҲΪһǿһֱ׷ɱ磬Ҫ֪ʱֻǸ߽ʵ
θΪ񣬶˲ɱǼ뻹ڵ鶼ûļӦͱƻ
ȥ֪лĶ֣Ҳסˡ
ĶռУͨĸ֪ռɨ衣
죬һ뵽Ķռ䣬һ֣пܱλ׷ɱ
˼ô˵ļҡͷ
֪ŽӦ
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һȻһʮһ
ϧûиᣬ֮»Ҫٵһʱˡ
ʼɻ֮ᳵ·ˣϸС֮֮ӿ뵽ڡ
Ϣһת̼С
ûٹռ飬Ϊҳͬʱ񽵣޷磬ǻľסΧˡ
ټļӳ֮£κ޷εġ
Ҳģڿռв㣬ټĶռиЧü鶼ûзĲ֮
Ҳ޷һֱʩչ񽵣񽵵ĿɲСرһΪ˶Ըʵ񽵣ǿֲġ
ĶڼԣǾܹʩչġ
簲Ķȹʱ䣬ʱУĸҪ֮У֮սʿӰ
Щٳֵǿʵиźܶ弶
ǿ֮սʿ֣ԸҪΪĵĺܴһƬǷΧ֮սʿı֮С
ǼӦԲȡĴʩʵ̫ܶˣ鷢ĺ޷ҳֻɳ֮սʿץ
һУڿռве֪˻֮񣬽ת˰ٷ֮ʮš
ʱ䣬ͨҰ֪۲ռǿֲ񼶲ʧ
һ͵ռ䡣
ռĵһ£ʹô洢ռͼƽץĴ洢ռ
κһĻᣬҪ֪Ĵ洢ռڴʱֻͻʦʱһӡ
˵Ĵ洢ռѾӴ󣬵һָоǾ£洢ռչĸĳ洦
жھϵﵽʮ۷ԣпһʾǶδҪõ顣
Ȼɵᵽһݴ洢ռ䱾ԴʹĴ洢ռһ
˵ƷõĲһЩ鼮
һӣӥ£Ŀûб仯Ȼ֮ǰС
ɲű˪֮֮ͣУȻһԭԱ˪֮ЩȤ뿴ܸܲ㵽µ飬õһ
ܹ̰ģBugһ㣬鶼û뵽Ĵڡ
Ĵǿߣϵʦ磬ȾͻʴϵʦʵǿԵʴҲϵʦΡ
һλϵʦΣӭľǿ飬ļ񽵵ķʽĨɱ
˵ϵʦȷʵӵŶĿԣûпռ£ܹǱҲᱻ޷뿪ֱų޷ȫľ䡣
ԴǿߣҲֻս֮ʱŴЭ£ܹ緢ս
ֽսĳ̶ֳ绥Ϥ˽⣬˫һֶΣĶԷǿսķʽ


556 ˪
۲ǰĳУǰеɫ壬ϵɢⲨķΧֻǳУչ˳֮⡣
ĳӴɨķΧƺַʽӳеİȫԡ
ûʲôôӴɨķΧڽӥٶȶԣվڳʮ֮Уٹ֮УԶ붼ûʲô
ӥٶ֮£ЩĲ༸ӵֻҪҪӥ˲Ϣ
Ƕʮ۷ӥ޽ٶȣҲû£Ϊĵڡ
֮ǰļƻڵȴű˪ĴŴ򿪵һ̡
ķжôǿ붼һֱڣҪģúڡ
žԵģ˵ʵڣ޾ĸо
ڴ磬̫УûκεжԵ£ΪԼѴˡ
ϵܶ£Ϊκ֮УһӢ۹ֲֿ֣ƥǿڳ֣ûץסսӰҲԴݻٸһС
ʵûдﵽԱ£ڴ綼Ǵ֮򣬶һ˿ޡ
磬û˹˼ɣɱһ飬Ǵĵˣǵж塣
Щ֮ʱϵڵɱ¾ͼڲϵ˸
Сʱ˪ĴŴ򿪣Ӵ߳
ӥ
˲ӥʹǰɨ貨һɨһɨ֮䡣
ָһ˼ϣӦͱסˣ֮սսָ
ӥ˱˪˪ڵ龰һ
ű˪ĸЧ˪ڲȻλЩʵͶлһ弶
ڴ磬Щʮ˼ʮʦʵ޷ųս
Դİ޶ʮʦˡ
ôǿսȴССı˪ڣȫûԤϵһ㡣
֪˵޷ҵλãȴֶһЩԤ⣬ԤһĴ㡣
ȻԤⲢǰٷ֮ٵģҲû׼ȷʱ䣬ֻһִʵĿԡ
˪֮ʩչԤ⵽һʻطУϮ˪ͨһЩֶΣһ֧֮սʿС˹غĵ
˪֮Ԥܹﵽٷ֮٣ô˪֮ɲֻǷһ֧֮սʿСӣǵkˡ
һ㣬˪֮飬ʵжϣûдﵽһ׼ȷĳ̶ȡ
ڱ˪֮һ֧弶İλ֮սʿСӣ˵һܹסһʱ仹㹻ˡ
ֻҪסսǱ˪ּ򣬸˪֮Ϣʱܹ񽵲ս
˪֮뷨ǺõģkжϻһЩ⣬kʵ
˭뵽ʵǶʮ۷壬Žӥͬʮ۷ٶսûͬ˪֮ԤС
˰λһɽӥȴȫ£ûΪ˪ڶ˰λܵӰ졣
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ûгɣְ˱˪֮֮ϣ˪֮սսָ
һз̫죬쵽ֱ˪֮ʧλ֮սʿŷӦ˹
ܹǣӥٶежһɲ֮ˡ
ߣ弶֮սʿһֲϻ㼯š
֮սʿҲ׼սո
ӭǵĲǹƽսһƬ纣
ӣ弶һֵĽ
ֻһϢʱ䣬ߵ֮սʿļʵ֮սʿһϢûм֣ͱɡ
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뿪Ķʮʱ䣬һ޴Ӱƾճڳ֮С
Ǵڳͨ񽵽ٸı˪֮񣬴ʧȥ˸Ӧ˪֮񽵣ٵƿռϵʮѾǼˡ
˪֮ŵĳУkִץһ⡣
ʮġ򡯣Ҫ̸̸֮ˣ˪֮ͬӰ쳹ء
kƽʵŭ
٣ʧȥ飬֮սʿɱһͽЩͳԣ޷ܵ¡
ŵkķŭ˪ԵkĽӣб
˪֮ɨһûκηֵĵkûȥ׷٣ΪҪʱġ
һα˪֮񲻵ʹ񽵣ʹ֮ʱľ޴Ŀռƶʹ֮Щ޷ܡ
֮ѹϢʧ˪֮ľ޴ΪһС壬һ롣
ʱļɫ԰ףȴûκεıԹ֮ɫſȵ
żصƣȴǵõ˸ĺôĲָټһڱ˪֮ӵи档
ȻΪҪĻǱ˪֮Ĺעһ֮κζҪҪĶࡣ
ʱѾĶռڣҲ뿪ԭأԶȥ
˪֮͵ǰ޷ʹþ֪˪֮ϢԼеĹģ˪֮㹻תƽٷ֮ˡ
ЩȲҪʮһᷢʲô
ķԸϸСѾ˪֮ʼ˶֮ɡ
Ӽ봦õĵͼǰһνĵͼǻһЩõϢ
еĵͼ¼ڵͼϱע˼С
⼸нֵĿ꣬ΪӶ񣬶Ϊ˴豸ԴĿռ䶨λ׼
עļУȫŴĳС
ڱ˪֮УȻûзִ豸²ֻдŴڴ豸
һ߿ջ鼮һ߹ע
תһֱţ˰ٷ֮ʮʱͣе飬ȫעϡ
ǵȴų齱㣬Ҳڵȴδ֪ĽмİԽʮһȴҲһЩɻʮһŵǡ
ǵģĽֻҪĿǰĳԽʮĴڣ϶֮ۼ
λʮһľ鰢ɲ־Ǵ֮ҪɣӢ۹ǲѧϰԶʮƶ
ⲻ޶˵Ĳ²⣬Ӣ۹ľʦйεϮνӢ۹ʧأӢ۹ľʦֵȴǼ١
Ӣ۹ÿһ鶼ʦʵʮ˼µľʦֻӢ۹
ôӴʮ˼ϵʦȥΪûгִǿʦ׷ɱĴǡ
˵Ҫͻƶʮͱ֧ţôû֧ŵͻƣΣ
û˭ܹԽ֪ͣ񻹴̽׶Σ߼ϵĪ棬Ҳ޷߼κⷽİ
Ҫ˵ˣҪǴ߼һЩϣӰ쵽жϣͻƶʮĵ·һͬ
ȴı仯ûı仯תﵽٷ֮ʮźű˪֮ȴûٽһ
ǡһ֪Ǳ˪֮
ѵһ񻹲תЩ
жϿɲֻԵжϣһͬжϣԴӵõͽԼľһ
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Լжϴ
ɻ֮ʱſ˱˪֮񣬱˪֮ΪϸСƬ
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ԭһתҪһκܳʱ䣬ӱ˪֮ɶкܴһֶڡ
ûг⣬Ҳͷת˰ٷ֮ʮŵѾ״ֻ̬ûȫʵ
Ҳǲοľ鰢ԱȣǸתš


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Ķռ֮Уг˽ӥȡһѾ޽
Ѿ޽ʮ֮սʿʹõڲʵԭܹܵų⡣
Ƶģڴʹá
ʮ֮սʿʹõľ޽һ֮֮ǰõ޸ƷʻҪǿһЩ
޸ϲ޽Ϊʹľǳ
ܹ޽ڣ޽Ҳܹסʮġ򡯣ѾȾ󲿷ֵĴҪǿˡ
ҪĻ޽û˿ƣʹá
ӥȥԸ
ӥͳռ䣬ӥһʱŴȥת˲͵˴Ĵǰ
ȫˡ򡯣ֻ޽֮У򡯽ȫǡ
ǰʱȫһ顣
֪˿ӸУЩϤָоͬӢ۹׷һĸо
ʱûֵ뷨ֻʱڽս
ʮӳֵ޽ԼﵽⶥǽŽӥٶȵĳ֮ƣһνޱȵϬ
ǲ˷ͼƵĴţһ֮Ҳ˲ƿ
ڴƿ֮ʱ磬һ뵽ڲ
ű˼ע⣬׼˼֮ʱͽڡ
Ҫ뵱ɱ룬ʱˡ
ĿȻǼ룬Ǵ֮ϮƺӦ֮ţ׼ĳ
ǽӥٶ̫ˣûе֮Ծʹ˴֮ǰһְֻ֮ϣʧ
֮ʧʹȻһ
ƿ˴һҵҪĴ豸֮豸
оӸڼأ²жԷӦڶλ
ӥɳ˳УӰһ֮䵽Ķռڡ
ӰеĿӸ뵽ռвʱʧˣһĿȥ
֮֮ǣǧľ룬ԣҲһϢʱ䡣
սռ䣬˿ӣ߾͵һĿλá


558 ʥ

ӥռ䣬һθ֪˿ӣһλ֮ǰ̫࣬ûֱλĸо
Ҳֿ֪Ӹ֮£λǺܿͻᷢ¡
ӥ³еĴǰ޽һš
һĲһĳ򣬹ƴ֮û뵽Ϯʱ˽ӽ
ס룬֮ҳ豸Уеȫ
оӸмǿʱѾĶռ䣬Զ⡣
ʼ̨豸ƽ⣡Ը
ʼ֮ʱȫŷ
˭űӵĸоȥϮѹ
ҪнӥٶȣԼĺ·ڸ֪ʱԶˣﻹϮ
ҡҡͷ֪Լ޷ռˣʹǳ֣ҲǶʱҪؿռвģͻᱻ鷢֡
Ҫû˽飬֮ǰϮ֮УûϢϢֳʹ׷١
鷳ջ˵
ȻԼڴ磬磬޷ռͣˡ
ҲһֳɾˣͨҪ˶Դɲס
뵽Ժ󶼻Ҳо˽ţϢӰ뵽ռ䣬ʼˡ򡯵
ҪץһʱֻǿʵǴƱ׷ٵΨһ;
ĹУ̨豸ڲƽˡ
ˣĿռѾڽͼ룡ı棬ͨһɵͼ
ͼԴͨͼķʽģڿռʾ
ǸĴ磬Ϊͼֻһأƽ̹ģĿǰѾõĿռʾصĴ
ϷգûκεʾһƬް㡣
ͷ⣬ȴûͼֺôԡ
ͼ긽СһЩǿĵ˴ڣ
ſռķȥǸĿǰ֪缫ңԶһԶ֪еλá
ȻٶȣҲҪʱͿԷ
û˷ʱ䣬ֿʼ򡯡
ڽˡյ֪ͨѾĿλá
Ұռ
Ũͨĸ֪ȾͷطĲ֮ͬ
ƬǱţŨµı֡
ǵɲСûзľͷ
ŨսʿԣǼģԼӿٶȡ
˵羭˲ٵĵطЩطж٣ȸ޷⡣
Ӱзɹ֪ǿϢļзɹ
Ĵ۲һ£ҲľļԸ
Ŀռвƶһ޴ĴҲдõĿռ꣬ǴӴĴ豸лõġ
оģڴܵＯٶλʵ
弶ʮλ֮࣬ǿڻ㼯ĳ档
֮ǰ׳۳Ӣ̹ǣ̹ûʮ˼ʵʦȴǴΪӴʮʮ߼ʦ
ǰĳ֪ʵԭǿ
֪֮սʿ֮⣬ֻһЩܳ׵ǿߣŻԴͻƵʮ˼ϡ
ὫΧڳֵѪŨȴﵽһ׼ţ͸ʥǣʥ֮սʿ
ʹ֮ͨУѳΪӵʵĶΪ֮սʿ
Ҳʹĳ֮䣬Ⱥ֮䷢ͻûĳͻսҶȾͲᳬƿء
ȻΪҪĻƿȸǿӼᶨ
Ҫֻ֪ʵǿĴڣŻᶨ˽һ־ѡ
齫Ѫ츳ߵżеʥǣСʱͼвϵֶͨǿ
ڲӴ£ֶλ֮սʿǳǿ⣬ᶨͽΪսʿ
Ĵֻڴ֮սʿһ֣вٵ֮սʿִ׷񣬲ʥ֮С
ƶһЩԱ̫ĶǸܵϢ
Ҳ֮ˣٶλͣڴܣȻʵĬĬţ֮һִϵ
ԽǿĴڣԽΪӴ󣬵һ弶Ҳ൱ڶʮǿߣԽһǵ֮
ȻҪʮǿΪ˵Ϊ˿ͽҲҪӽͽĳ̶ȣܹЧ
е֮սʿ˵֮սʿǾܽᣬγΪϵͳʽ
ֻ֮սʿޱȼᶨ֮սʿعԣΪԶսʿ
ÿгֶ֮ʱʥǾǾϸأЩ֮սʿճΪߵ֮սʿ
ĵطҪ򣬱Ũγɵǵ򣬾紫˵еʥǡ
Ϊ˱֤֮սʿĴ⣬ǳУʵϾ֮սʿۼ֮ء
еļ븺֮սʿһ裬ԴƷȵȣΪ֮սʿṩϵָ
֮սʿеǿڣֻΪ֮սʿĵʦ̵
ԴǿĵʦĹעŶ츳֮£֮սʿɳΪǿսʿҲ˳ˡ
ûиϮĴΪԸ֪ʱֵϢʾһֱֱӹעš
ĳ֮УڼеǲʶģЩǲٿĿƳ
Ҫָ飬ܹ֮ӳʵǿ
ֻ齫飬Ϳ۲쵽鸽Ӷʩ񽵵ȵȡ
鲻һֱŵÿһе鴦ǼĹ
Ĵһ·û뿪һ㣬вϢڻصš
ƶһЩսʿЩսʿʵСǿָš
뿪˴ԶһҰУһ˪
˪£ͬλǿţΪź֮
֮˻ÿһԶٵ弶
жһֻôսô֪ս⣬ʦ׵սϣѹơ
ûмӢ۹ʮ˼ʮ㼯ķжϣӢ۹Ҳʮϰϵʮ˼ʮʦ
⴦ʥǣǿߣҲӢ۹һӵеĶࡣ
ʵʥǵ֮սʿϲӦٵģж
Ҳ˵弶ҲǶʮʦʵҲܵơ
Ⲣ⣬ҪĲǻŵ֮սʿǵꡣ
ڴԴ뾫֮£֮սʿǰ弶ջ֮սʿʹЩ֮սʿ֮սʿ޾ʵҲм
ЩʧһǰʥǣһΪ̽һѪŵһпܵĻ豸ն豸֡
Ĵ豸ǼȤģ豸Ϳκһ䣬صȫ֮ء
ʥǣȴжˣռ䶼ܽ롣
ڹ۲ڼ䣬棬һţһ˴Ӵ߳
˱ļߣڴ
²⣬մ豸ֻдûд豸ƻôҲֻڴֹ豸ͿԿĳ
һ򣬷һʱ뿪ǵķΧƬ򶼱һְڡ
һο֣֣ЩΥ͸С
ɲʲô֣֣֮ɵĻ֡
ʹõʲô϶ͬԭ
֤ʵмϵĹϵһ֪ϵ
뿪ʥǣڿռввϵķţռԶɳĵͼ
ַͨʽĵͼϵĲȫţרעȴѼӡ


559 ӯ
һĹȥÿյȫʱ䶼Ͷ뵽ˡ򡯵ӰҲš򡯡
ΪѼʱܿ죬ôĽֻһŵ¡
һ룬ûǰס
һ£һֱ£Լġ򡯽ҪﵽӯǱȻûһ㶯
һС򡯵תʵ
ˣĿǰڵͼ˸λͨԸֱ۵Ŀ塣
һ£ʱλŶбעĳڵλôķ
ǵطȥڵͼϹ۲һҵҪĿ˵
ҪȥĵطԶ˳УҲԶʥǷƫԶĵ
˵ԭʼ󣬵ǻɲ١
ƺǻرܷܣټʹ鲼ӴĳС
Ҫһ˵İɲףٶȣʱ̽Ҳͷ
ĳֲܼ֮ʹÿһж㹻ռ䡣
ĳзֲǾϸģдСûглԴ
ѡûгУԶһеĵ
֪ԼġӯʲôԶеһʲôĶ¶ԼλãҲ޷ٵ
Ҫֻ֪ҪͿͨ񽵣ͿԽսͶŵ䡣
ΪҪģ롮򡯵ӯԽԽʱ֪ٴĶռڣҪڴдﵽӯ
ǡ򡯴еѣҲĸӦ
򡯣ǼӿٶĿĵȥ
ٶչǸ⣬ܵҪﵽ򡯶ʮӯ״̬ǰԼͬż豸һͬ͵ռ䡣
һռ䣬ٴθܵ˿ӸУѾעˡ
ﵽ򡯵ӯҪ
һ̣ԵڵϸϸдӯС
ͬʱܵﵽļ£ĳֹǰ
ϵϵڴĸһ£Ǵﵽ˸ôʵĶ㣬һֽ޿ɽĴ
֮˵Ϊǳǽ޿ɽ
ĵȴţԼľϵ֣ϵڵ˸â
ڴһﵽʮӯ״̬ȷʵ˷Ӧ
ϵзɳ֮ϣͼƣȫϸͼں϶ɵģ뵽ͼڡ
Ӿϵ뿪Щ֪룬ԼӦֻж
뵽ͼƺоڡǰƿɶˣҪ֪ڡǰƿĸо
ɾСС飬ȴü޷ƿƿɶˡ
һԿףһΪʵԿףԴ򿪵ڡǰƿ
ͼںϺ󣬻ΪһֻССľ壬֮С
оԼʵһ˿һ˿ͻ˶ʮƿһ
弱ȴ޷Ϊṩ˶
崦ת״̬ûʹת״̬ھֹ
룬Ӵ洢ռȡһ֮Ʒ֮ǰջ㹻֮Ʒûиɡ
Ŵ֮Ʒ鷳ɲ޷Ʒе֮
εֹͣԼĶ׼֮ƷȴǸоӸͻȻǿֵĳ̶ȡ
ȻûرעӸУһֱڽżӣֻҪﵽһֵͻ֪֪ͨ
򡯴ﵽӯ뵽ͼڻΪ壬̲Ϣʱ䣬ľ黹ûдﵽʱ䡣
ͻȻǿĿӸУ֪ԼˣͬʱһָоƺеľԶĳƵϵ
ɲʲôõϵݵĴڡ
һ򣬾֮УеľԶƵֻܴ֮һ
ⷽ沢ûӦ֪ʶ޷֪ϸԵɣȴԿ϶ͻȻǿĿӸоΪеľԶϵֵġ
ǰԶռ䲨ڲͷƤ֮Уľ˷Σʾ
ķƻռͨͨ
֮ǼŭģַŭƻʧȥͽɱȣͻȻֵѾ֮ĵߡ
ƿְ֣֮磬ǵkҲǵkıʶ
սƿĹ򣬴Ӷְ
һֻһְͬҲٳֵڶְ
ָ֮ģǵõ֮ĴС
γḶ́Ҳ֮ΪŴһֻһְĹǾ֮
̫ɺϣְ֪֣֮֮ľŭǼصġ
֮Ҫı֮壬һλʮ۷롣
ʮ۷ɲɲЩսʿսʿҳжѪսʿֻҪʱͿԳ֡
ģ˵ֻҪ㹻ϣͿԵõĴ裬ʵ᲻ϵ޶ȵġ
ѣʮ˼ҲʱҪȫˡ
ܹȥȼܹĴµõ
һλʮ۷ļ룬ҲǼϡٵģƽʱݼ󣬲׳
֮öʮ۷ļ룬ΪܹܶķʵΪܹʩչԶ̿ռƶ
֮ɲˣҪ֪һɹתΪôkְҪֳһֳȥ
Ǳ֮ʵ½Ҫһֱ֮
֮Ŀɲ񣬶ְְ֮ͬʱڣ־˫ѣ˫֮ǲɹġ
˵õְͬ񹲴ᷢʲô֮񲢲֪֮µkǾ޾²յġ
Ŀǰ֮ǵһ
δ֪֮䵣ģ˭֪־ջδְͬ
֮ʹۣٶȿ˴ͨ
֮ĳԶ̴ͣʹõԭϻȶλԶ꣬ٴͨռͨռͨĿ괦
֮ûпǹƻռͨkھǰԶ
kǿǵһӿռͨг֣ͿԸȫ޴ӡ
һвû֮ǰ㷢չ֮׼ӿռͨ뿪֮ʱռͨȻƿռͨʧ
֮ڿռбռϵи壬֮ķǿʮ۷ļ룬óǾԶսʿ
Ϊ񽵶Ҳ޷֮ȵǿ
ڿռϵиУ֮屻и˿ڡ
ûԤϵ˵֮񣬷һŭ𣬿ϧkĵǿռֻҪǿռԣڿռоͻܵռĹ
Ҫ֮ڿռУƾȫӲסռиǿƿռ뿪ռ㡣
֮״̶̵̬ʱܵ˼˺
֮񷢳һֲ磬һӻ˿ռ䣬k˵ӿռ˳
ǵ֮ӿռӳʱkȻԼֳһռС
ռĿռɣʵռ䣬Ŀռ㶼ڸռ䣬ԶʱĳԶУøռռĲʵֵġ
֮ڿռ⣬ҲǵڰʮԵkǳ뿪ռ㡣
ֻ֮ķ̫ƿռ뿪ռڼ䣬ܵռи޷ġ
֮ôҲû뵽kƿĿռ䣬ڿռڴռֽţֽkͻһռ㡣
Ҫ֮ķЧޣֻ֮һο޷֮Կ
֮״̬ǰģЯͬһֳ޵ĺͯ幥֮ʱ֮ɳܡ
ɺͯȱݣԶ乥ǰǿ


560 
ռٴи֮壬Ƶ޷ٳס
֮񽵵ʮ۷ڵܵԼ
䡱һУ֮ʧȥ˳壬ʮ۷˵涼ûмͱڿռС
֮ѡĴ͵ԶһЩȫᷢ
һл֮ţԼĲ˽⣬ûпǹԿռƿسʮ
֮ĵطżңԶľ룬ʧȥֻţڿռϵи֮£Ҫȥ
ڿռУңԶľܿͿԵһ֪֮ͬ
ֻ֮ϣľ֮ǰܹͻء
һҪԸˣ֮ʮ۷ڵЩ࣬kɲʧȥ顣
ʧȥ壬ĿСټıǿԳסռи
ͨĸ֪˿ռ֮ڿʱܵľȥĳ嶯
һֱܣ߿˵粻֮ͬʱڵһȻӸУʹҪ֮ڿռеɡ
ıܣȻǰûд֮ڿռϸܵΣա
ԴǾ屻ƻ֮ǰļΣոоʧˡ
ռҵǰ
ԣٿؿռеһоǺˮһļ򵥣
֮ɵųǰû˿ɵĽԼڡ
ʧȥ壬ûпʹõ֮Ʒʹ֮飬ȴ޷ܹɱĹ
ĳԶ̹ҲҪΪʵԽߣڲܹصԽ࣬鷢ӳʵԽǿ
֮޷ӵ״̬ڡ
һڣ֮ͱе롣
ֻ֮оһҵʹڵkһkʧȥϵ
ɲ飬ڳڵô٣һʧ飬ϲһͳİٱϡ
뿪ı仯ͨԸ
ĸ֪У֮ǰĿӸмˣҲ˾ʾ
Ӱʧռ䣬Ķռڡ
Ӹ֮ʧӿٶȣ뿪Ƭ
ûΣУŹעԼеľ塣
֮ǰΪڱܣЩµģȻ֮뵽֮С
еľ壬֮󣬾֮ա
ô˳Ľ֮գһԭǾ뵽Ķռ䣬⴦ռɲ֮Ŀơ
֮飬ϵԳԶ̵ĸӦ飬ɵ뵽ռڣ֮ʧȥϵ
֮󣬼˲С
תûпʼھ廹ûжʵʵᡣ
֮󣬰Ǵ֪ʶ
֮׼սģЯŸġ֪ʶ֮ɵʩչǿ󹥻
ϧһж͸Ҫ֪ʶ
ӡ֪ʶ֪һЩܣеľ壬֪
Ҳְ֪һǲظģظһʱ޷һô־ͻĳִá
ڵõϢɵһҲ֮Ϊλ˷
Ҳʣա֪ʶйϵоߵĵ·֮νȫͬ
֮ߵ֮·Ǿоͨܶʵյõĵ·
£ﵽʮ۷֮ʱͻһֵ⣬Ǿγɾ
ҪתҪǳӴ
֮õͨΪ񣬵֮ʱͨǿʵαװչͽӶõ֮
֮˽ǧķչתԼΪ顣
ȻźܶϸڷĶڡ򡯵ϵ֪ʶУҪĵ·ҲǿеģȴҲҪһЩ
ֻҪˣɾʱ⡣
׼ǷҲ׳ϵɾ͸о崫˴תʼˡ
Щ֮Яָ߼Ǵ֮ѹĲӵű֮ߵĵȼ
֮ʱʹ֮ǸʵģΪ֮ԣ޷Ե
˭ְ֮ͬⲿֱӿá
ƺ֮Ϊ߼ͬתٶȼѸ١
ھű仯תΪϸԭ壬ȴû˿
ȫĶռУȫڰ͸״̬תÿһϸ
ԸоԼתﵽĳ̶ȣô죬ֱתٶԶЩв֮ɱȵġ
Ϊ̫ϣԼתǿ֮Ϊ㡣
תٷ֮ʮ֮ʱʧʧԽԽء
Ḷ́Ҫԭ壬ȻǿҲֲ⣬ʧ
о̶̵ʱУʧ˴룬ʧȥûתͻʧȥԭ
֪ʧȥǷܹɾĸ֪ܾǵ䡣
ʷУԶſʼ̽ͻƴɾǿ
̫Σմڣһһλλǿڶ֮̽䡣
Ϊӽɹľǰ֮鴦õ֪ʶ֮Уûйʧݡ
֮ʱʧ״̬
оԼȻѣʧȥʱһж֮š
޷֮ʱʥɫâһ࣬뵽֮С
ʥɫ뵽壬ʧ
ȵ壬оһѣٷ֮ʮŵתֿʼˡ
һܵʥϿɣΪˡʥˣȫĲٿء
ʥڲ޾ʧǵ㲻ʲôʧ٣ɡʥ㡣
ûʱоʥһΪҪתͶӰһ㣬Ŀڵ
ϵ֣ϵ֣񣬺Ѫʥ˳Щ޷תģһжתɵ塣
оԼһ˿ͿΪ飬ҲǶʮһ
ľģǵɾ־˸ľʾ֮֮ڰֻܴһ
ڰպʲô£ûд־ʾһԿ϶ǾԲʲô¡
ٿγΪ飬һ˿ͿͻƶʮһҲȥ룬Ҫ뿪硣
֮˸֮񲢲ڵܹǵġ
İԶ֮ܿ׷٣֮ô죿
ѵȴ־
ֲûа취ֻҪ뿪磬ص磬־ɲͬ
Ӧûְ飬ôͳΪΨһְ飬ͿԽˡ
˲ٵĺôѾ㹻ˡ
뵽Ը֮ŷȥ
Ҫ뿪磬˿տʼע
ʱĽȳΪ֪鷳
֮Уһɫľ壬֮ǰûзֵġ
ⲻܹʱı仯ʵ̫ûע⵽еı仯ֻעϵı仯
֮ʱܽͶ뵽ڣǵ֮ܵڵĲͷӰ졣
ԭ֪УҲӵľְҲԽľְΪȻְ
ȫŵģٿȻְ
δתȫûгΪ飬ʹȻӵеԡ
ͨĹ۲죬ȷΪλƿ
˵ûͬһʧҲұԼʧ
ַͨʽһʱ󣬵ȴתʱͿԻָ硣
һʱ䣬Ǽʱ䣬Ȼ˵ʮʱǷǳ̵ˡ


561 
뵽ˡʥġʥѾȫƿأٲ֮ǰ޷ٿء
䵽ˡʥϣʥĹȫˡ
ʥ֪˵ǰģ˽⡮ʥȴ֡ʥǰ졣
ʥþ޾ЩܵĲٿأá
ЩֻǶЧֲͬá
һƣĻ
Ȼȫγɺ󣬾ûʲôãֻҪɱͿõĴڡ
ǱΪڵģҲԭ
⣬ʥڲԳɿռ䣬ֿռֻҪڣͿáʥڲռ塣
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֮԰ٷ֮ٿ϶粢ûͽڣһųãôֻһܡ
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ΪΪ飬ԼҲһͳΪ顣
֮޷磬Ϊ֮ŵơ
׼ĳ⣬ķһͳ֮ţ»زȥ磬Ҳ֮ڡ
츳ռ䣬ȴûе鷳
ֱ֮һԾ˴Ŀռʮֵİȫ
ĵĻǴ洢ռ䣬ҲǷܹյ֮
洢ռǷӡһĿռ䣬洢ռͼƾǿռԿףһŴ洢ռһľϵڡ
ע洢ռʱ洢ռ仹֮ӿ룬ӿֻ֮ʱʮ֮һ
Ѿǳˣʮ֮һܱ֤֮⶯Ҫǵˡ
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ȾԲܹӰ񣬿Ҳһ⣬Ǿ޷֮


564 
ֱȾԶ޷ָ֮ǰĴȾ޷ٴ֮
ģܾ־һơ
ǸƵΨһ飬ԼôĺôҪ̽
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ҡҡͷĵĳ֣תһ룬Ҳ׷Źǡ
Ҫ֪ʮʮʦΪ׷˵רΪץģǳΪ飬ȻǸرԸ
һӣһʮʮʦѹסʮʮʦû˿ı֮С
ʮʮʦһ͸ܵһּиУͬع鵽˾ĸĸо
ӼȵΣУͻȻع鵽еĻת֮죬ʧء
ǱܵĿʼ֪֮УӰ죬Ŀ겢Ǿĸ
ЩŹֵĿʮʮʦԭʵһ£ʮʮʦɱ
תһʮʮʦ꣬ʹЩӰΪͽ
Ȼ޷תҲν뿴ʹս
ˣʮʮʦȻֱת
ֻ΢΢һܿеĹؼ
ְȻְʦҲǲְŻ
ڳ󶨵ʮʮʦвûжϲãΪһ鷳顣
˵Ӣ۹ʦƵְô᲻ְֻܴһĿԡ
ҪĻӢ۹ֻܴһˡ
ΣᶨԼ
ǵģΣΪ飬İ
˵ˣֻҪһʱ䣬Ӱӥܹɾ飬ھҲлɾ顣
ڴ磬硢桢˪ְͻܹȫռˡ
ռ䣡ԥԸ
Ȼ֮֮ǰĿռ֮У벢ûнӴ
£͵ռ䡣
ֵ˲䣬еֲȻְʹһ־͸Ӧ˴еֲ
ԭͬϸ֮Ƭ̹ͻΪ˺ӿ롣
һֱע״̬һڴ־ʾ
Ȼһ֮ųͻһȻ񲢲ȫһ£ְ̫֮غϣʹһֻܴ֮һ
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ޱϲӢ۹ҲӢ۹ģսûгǰ͸ںӢ۹ս
ɾ飬Ӣ۹ڶơ
֮սƾľﲢûʲô
ȴİֻҪǲ˲䱻ôšʥƣǶԴڲ֮ء
ֵʱսӢ۹ǲηһս
Ӣ֮ϣĸеľ鶼ѹ
رʮλ飬뿪˾ĸ¡
ž֮Ŀžĸڸոǽܵ־ʾĸְܵս
һʱ䣬ֻһʱ䣬ǱһְӵߣҲһλ顣
ǶˣԼԼ
Ӣ۹ĳ֮·һִ֮·һԼ
ҲǾΨһҵĿе··ͨˡ
õҪĲ࣬ǲ飬һ֡
˵ǾĸֻһЩֶΣþĸһְ
ʹǾĸǾ鶼顣
𿴾㻹ʮλ֮࣬ʵȲ̫̫ࡣ
¾鲢ûսʮֿ϶һ㡣
һλ飬뾫ĸְһӾʧȥĳȣ뵽ã֮С
Ӧβһҵ飬ɱ顣
񣡡ʮλеİɬҡͷ˵
ΣĻ˵ִˣ˵˵Ĳ㡣
ӦҲ޵۹̸ϵȶᰲ
Ӣ۹ʮλȫҲûаա
ǴӢ۹ս⣬޵۹ս
Ȼ߼£϶Ƿֱоγɵģ߼սҲһɲɺӵս
ܷͨ䵱֮ȫ幫ÿжܷ䣬ĻӰ죬Ӷʹܷɾ顣
ܷԵλ񷨹٣񷨹뾫ơ
޵۹ͨͼռȫ˽ͼڵԴȪͼڸٶȡʹ˳Ϊǿսʦ
ͼڵλػͼڵԣλػ߼սǿĴڡ
ĸܷԼͼڶǼԪŴ֮ĪԣǳĻ
߼ͨǷԣӶΪӵս
ĳϣ߼Զʮİ˴ľʹޱǿİԴʧ
߼ûн֮⣬һǵռ㣬һΪ㹻ǵġ


565 Э
еƽ̨Ե˵ͻأ
ɫǹƽ̨Լʮףʮס
Ӣ۹ǰ׼Ļ֮Ҳ߼λá
˴λã߼Ļ֮ء
Ȼƽ̨ʹã˴߼Լӵ˴˶ﶯʲôֽš
߼֮䱣źƽÿһ߼ֻҪлĻ⽵߼ʵ
˴ƽ̨߼ͨǩİȫ֮˭Ҳ﷢ս
鲼ᰲǰӿռͨ߳屣žţȴŨŨǡ
鲼ᰲһӣƽ̨ϵĽ͹γһӣϿҪȥȰ˵߼μս
ռ䲨һλɫս׵ıӿռͨ߳
˹ܾò鲼ᰲ˸к
޵۹ͼػ˹ϵϢԱȾ鲼ᰲΪǿ
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ʲô𣬻Լ̸˹ػʵ
ǵϣٵһ˵ɣ鲼ᰲѹѹ˵
˵֮ʱһɫų֣ŰɫųֵģϵܷͶӰ
˵˹ػ뾫鲼ᰲ飬㲻飬ֻһ֣ڼܷͶӰʱòվʾ𾴡
ɫ߳һ۵ϣ񷨹٣ݴ΢Цǻ۵Ĺâ
ϣ٣˽Ļ棬Ҫʽɣ˹ػ˵
˹ػ뾫鲼ᰲҪǰطҲŲͬЧΰ󣬵λĻ棬ϣ񷨹ûбҪˡ
κεطҪע棬Ҫ˵ҵˣᰲǹʲô£ϣ񷨹Ա׼º˵
ҲˣǰҾΪ˴λ鲼ᰲ˵
˵£˹ػϣ񷨹ٶɫ֣ͻȻֵ飬߼ӣҲѾչ˵顣
׷黹ѵģرǻ֪ݣʹ׷ٸûĿꡣ
Ӣ۹Ƿݣ˹ػž鲼ᰲʵ
ϣ񷨹гһ鼮ӰⲢ׼ǲΥ˴ƽֵ̨ܳЭ顣
׼֤ʵȵǲ񷨹ٵ
ĳھ鲼ᰲĻشͬʮֹע
ְĿǰ޷֤ʵһλ飬λ飬Ѿжϳһͨй
ɳʮʮʦ׷ʮʮʦȫʧ٣ƬҲڵ򡣡鲼ᰲ˵
û˵ְͻ֮£˵£߼Ͳˡ
Ǹʧܴʦ˹ػЦʵ
֮£ֻоڲ֪鲼ᰲ˹ػ𣬲ûжٵľȡ
߼˴֮以ţڲżڡ
˵߼ĹŸԲͬѪһЩֶοĳӵαѪתѪ
Ӣ۹޵۹벩ڲҲмһֱ
Ȼ޷ģﵽӢǼΪѵˡ
ΪΪҪһأûдﵽһĹ޷Ĳġ
ǵģϢֻҪ־Ϳ׷ٵλãйֻҪ׷ٵͿҵ飡鲼ᰲͷϵ
ᰲһͬ񣿡ϣ񷨹üͷ𣬷ǳֱӵʵ
飬رְĳ֣˵ʲôǿĳַʽ˴磬ˡ
ĴڣôǿǵĻ֮ʱ鲼ᰲλֱ۴˵
ֲ²Īڴÿһ֮ʱ߼ǾͲ²⵽ˡ
Ӣ۹ǵĵһһλ鿪ս߼ãҲûбʤİա
˭飬ܹӳ۸һʦԣҪѶʵ̫
ϣ񷨹Ŀ⿴е鼮Ӱ˹ػ΢΢ĵ˵ͷʾ鲼ᰲԲû١
񸶳̫࣬ջӦη䣿˹ػʵ
飬ʵھ鲼ᰲ֮ǰ޵۹벩ڲҲйĿǡ
Ӣ۹ú߼֮Ҳġ
˹ػ⣬鲼ᰲ¶Цݡ
ηսƷҲǼΪҪģΪ߼֪Σյ£׼
вԵʣⲻҪ뷨
ɱһλ飬ƬǿԼƬõĲƷ
õĻ˵ܹ֪̽ɱְأø֪ʶӶͻ߼ĿǰĴ
߼Զŵ֪ʶȫ棬ܶ඼ڽ֪ʶ־Եλ顣
ɹĻǽвܹԼþ޴档
ṩ붨λͣҪĳƬƬƽ֣鲼ᰲ˵Լ뷨
ϣ񷨹벼˹ػһۣ߼ŹƽԭദرϣҪǵԵĳ١
鲼ᰲ˵ķ䷽ʽû⡣
ƬΪʮݣӢ۹ṩλһݣķݶҪݸԵս䣡˹ػ񷴶Բ
ͬⲼ˹飡ϣ񷨹ԥһͬ
鲼ᰲɫ΢΢һ䣬ѹеĲȴֲ˵ʲô
ʵʲôòӢ۹һսҲҪС
Ҳײ˹ػΪ飬Ӣ۹ʮλ飬սʮλȲ޵۹λػ
Ӣ۹õøྫܲķʽֻҪӵӦ츳ͿԳռһݾĸԣӶΪеһӡ
޵۹Ϊǿߣػλòõǹ̶λãǿ߿սá
ǰλ޵۹ǿ߾ռػλã֮вʵ
ͶϾ˺ǿҪΪػĿܣûκκǿ߿սʤλػ
˵ǲõѡƣҪȫ岩ȫͬ⣬ܷܵϿɲܳΪ񷨹١
ڰ䣬Ҳֻλ񷨹١
Ӣ۹Ҳͬ⣬鲼ᰲε˵
˵ֻλ̸ʵľͨͬԴݸ鴦λ̸߼վ
ǾͰղǩԼϣ񷨹ٳ˵
һǰһĻĻʾִƻʱû˺Լηݡ
ϣ񷨹ЭϼܷӡǣܷϿɵԼ
˹ػɨһ۹Ļϵݣ֮Ҳͼӡǡ
鲼ᰲıȽϸϣ񷨹ƶԼǲܳģϸϸ鿴飬䷢͸ʮλ顣
ڵõоͬ󣬾鲼ᰲԼϼ˾ĸӡǡ
ܷ䡢ͼ뾫ĸӡǳԼ֮ϣԼ֤߼еκ˶ΥԼ
޵۹ػ񣡡˹ػԼһ˵
ľû⣬޵۹λػȫ
λ񷨹ٲ룡ϣ񷨹˵
˹ػϣ񷨹ٿ鲼ᰲȴž鲼ᰲľ
Ӣ۹ʮλ飡鲼ᰲԼӲ˵
Խ࣬е鷳ҲԽࡣ
Դӳ֮ûвμӹսʹþǶμⳡս
ֹϵӢ۹Ĵ޷ѵġ
һۣԼļλͬ´󣬲ѡʮ顣
˹ػϣ񷨹¶֮ɫǿӢ۹ԭڡ
߼֮УӢ۹ս޵۹粩ΨһƴžЩ
Ҳ㲻ʲôƣĳ̶ֳӢ۹ڲûѹǿڵͳΣŻ
׼ʮӺ鲼ᰲλ뷨ٶ˵ʲô˵
˵֮ͨռͨ뿪
սɲ׿ģÿһս鶼Ҫ׼սԴ
߼ƴ֮ãټǴԶżлõԴܹʹõսԴҲв١


566 ת
ûнĿռ䣬Ϊ˴飬ȻҪϤ
ҲҪעΪ飬ʵķǻ۲ߣʹҲҪ˽⡣
ֻ˽ܽиʹҪʱʹá
̫зУûȫչٶȣš
Ե֮Уʱһ磬˺ѿռ䡣
ǲʱֲӰֲ֣Ӱûս󾣼˵еЧֲвľ綾
ȻЩʵΪµԶڶεսֳ䳬ǿЧ
鲻սĶԸκεĵˡ
ĿռڣӰӵġҲûжͻﵽӯˣʱӵλ
ʵϲӰӣٹһʱ䣬Լʵ˸ȫоͿԳ԰Լս
ĳ֮·ܽԼĳ·
˾ʾǰ˿ռ䲨ķҲ˾棬ԼҲӦ˿ռ䲨
һεĿռ䲨ͬڿռ䲨һʱ䣬гһ޴Ŀռš
ռɫģɫ֦ڻơ
עǿռŵȶжϣ˿ռڳֺͼȹ̣ҪƻҲҪһʱܴɡ
Ǿĸ츳ڳ֮츳
һҪ͵ʮλ飬Ծĸ˲ٵܳһȶĿռͨ
վ̫գûƻռš
ʵˣҪԼĵˣõ֪Լǲ۵ġ
ֲɨգʮλʦλ񷨹Լλػ񼸺ͬʱ֡
ôͬʱ㼯һѹÿռ䶼ƺЩζ
鲼ᰲմӴ뿪ôͬʱǴδй֮¡
о㹻ɨһУ˵飬鵽ҲĽɱ
ʮλѹȴǰ˵ûκεá
ϰٿϢϵϢûȫ¶
ʱͲ¶ʲôܹվ֮вѹӰ˵һС
㾹Ȼˣ鲼ᰲŵؽе
ÿһλ飬ͨ飬ʶ
Ӣ۹ԣһŶӣ޷ҡӢ۹ĸȴӢ۹ʹѡ
λʦ֣֮ھ鰢λ䣬Ӣʦ˲䣬ЩþǼס
鲼ᰲ˽һ鱨Ϊ׷Ӣ۹鱨ԴӲ˽⡣
Ǿ鲼ᰲôҲţɾ顣
ǰӢ۹һŶӵĻڵͳһһܹɱӢ۹
Ŀ꣬׼֣鲼ᰲϳԶŲɵĿףгһָе
þ鲼ᰲԼλû뵽鷢ˣλػλ񷨹ٲûκεĶ
˹ػڿʱҲԵϢжϣԿ϶λ顣
ϣģ߼һգǽֻһλ¡
ǰλ飬ⳬ֮ǰԤ
˹ػ²ְû뵽λ顣
ڴʷ֮УԶʷһҲͳλ飬ԼЩԲα
ǵģ˹ػԼĶλǳԼֻα񣬻ȡԼһԣӵĲ࣬ȴ顣
ڿλ󣬲˹ػͨػȡһµ
ϣ񷨹Ҳ̬ͬȣǽڿսʤǰ¡
񷨹ǲı񣬲Ϊ˿ܵΣն֮С
飬޵۹뵽Ӣ۹ĳͻ֮У˹ػֱͬʱǰſֻտյ˵
飬ϣѺùϵϣ񷨹Ҳ˫ſǰ˵
˫ַǰǱԼûе⣬öԷԿû
һ̬ȣƵ˼
Ȼ֪޵۹벩ΪζҲûͬʱ߼ս뷨
Ӣ۹֪ǷܹѹƣȻ޵۹벩ΪУҲֵͬ⡣
Ҳϣǽ꣡΢ЦŹ
ߵλ񷨹޵۹ߵλػһɣûеǷĲ١
˹ϣ٣ǵǩԼģôң鲼ᰲǰ¾ˣ
ᰲҪǵԼǲụ˺Ǳ˿ʱ˳սȨϣ񷨹ٵ˵
ԼƶԼϣ񷨹ôû·
ֻǾû뵽߼޵۹Ϊ̫ǿֱ˳ֿ̫ͣ͵Ǹûпǵֿܡ
ʮλ飬վһԣֻʮλ顣
ʮλϢϿжϳҪϲ٣϶ЩʵϷҪ
ڳ·ˣ봫ͻȻ˴š
ΪĲסˣû뵽˲ûпʼսһ롣
һĿռŵĿռͨ
վǰľ鲼ᰲסˣλͻȻ뿪սֱøӱ
ԭʮλһ˿սĿܣʮ£ûһ㷴
ڱƣڶԷλ飬λαλⲻʲô
ûпսµλʧȥ˵
ľ鲼ᰲΪҽ󱳶ûȥλӰ䣬Ŵųȥ
ٶ֮죬һԹۿػ񷨹ٶȣٶȶǡ
ϧλȴŵסˣȻڣڲĿռ֪ͨΪαռˡ
ٵȣҪչԼʵ޵۹벩顣
λԣ硣
ŻϢϺ顣
˺޷ش飬ȴþʧȥߵĻᡣ
е磬ҲӰ쵽ٶȡ
ҪӣǱս鲼ᰲλ
ȻͬʮֲʱҪЭɹѹء
ֻϣսϤл
λ鿴һ㣬ѹסĹûܵĻᡣ
Ӷֱۣɫǵǰ֣Ϊһľ
ͬһӣһɫ֣еľͣڿС
һľĿʤλٿصľҲǲСġ
ľ˹⣬˾綾ľеˣڵ˸ըԶԵӰ졣
һӰͿΪλṩĻᣬһᶼûи¡
ľĿƣӵаٷ֮Ȼְֻаٷ֮һԵλ֮䣬֮
ҪǰԵеЧʹľܡ
ӰΪ˵⣬˫֮ϳ硣
ְױȵٶȣټλĹʧЧ׼ܣû˿ս⡣
ĵˣԣû˿Ѷȡ
ԼٶȻλ飬ڳҲ˲סˡ
ӴֲһԹսػ񷨹ȫɫ䡣
ֻСԵǣڿĹʱ֮Ĳࡣ
λ鱻Ժ󣬾ͳʧȥ˻ᣬ֮һԣǿĹ
ʧȥ˻ֻƾĿֵס֡
˵ľƿ㣬ǲģ˶١
ûȫʹôѵõĻᣬÿԲԳ
ϼӴϣܿһλϲѷ졣
ѷԽԽ֮࣬Ǵ鿪
ԣϸСƬץסڵİٷ֮һԣҲûܹӹϸСĲơ
һҪǽЩȫɱˣ罻ɡ
ô˵ЩͬһԵľ飬ԾǴ֮
ټӴͨϸСǵסλ飬ȫס
ֹܵͣԸʧǲûһĿƣΪϸСʵʵ
ڵľÿһϸСֲþ޷ڵľ


567 ƽ
λ񷨹٣޵۹λػǿžڽǰսȫɫ
˵Ҳ֪α֮һĲ࣬û뵽ǣֲ֮
ɵӣ֪߹ûгȫ
ٿӢ۹ߵľ飬¾߼ߣôҲ֮ûаɡ
رľ飬֮ǰ˵λ䣬οۿ䣬ɱŸΪֱۡ
üλԾģλ鷢ľĪʧȥȿ鱻ɱҪǾ
ǿĹǿģֻиǿܷ
ǰսЩףûи鷢ľΪʧЧ֮ǰǲͻġ
Ȼڿչֵʵ󣬲޵۹ǿĿ𾴣֮ǰĿͬǴĵ𾴡
侫սָֽλսָҲȡ˹
ϵĿʱľû˿ѹսƷ
˵սƷԲղƷ
ڳɾΪ֮˾Щν
Ҳˣ˵飬ʵһ˿ԣû顣
ӵ⣬̺ˡ
֮ԾʹΪ޷Ƕһͻһ
þķ½ʵ֮½
⾫ȣھ޷ֱʹҪͨضķʽĸ롣
˵ֻҪ룬ĸȻӦеʹˡ
۹⣬һǴ
뾫ĸְµʱǿľƿþľֻҪͻᱻơ
Ϊξ鷢ȴʧȥõԭ
˵ʵʮʧļλս۽úܸߡ
ʱ鶼壬ƿأǾɱȵġ
λдſ־֮ɫҪкǵϸСȫסˣһ˿޷
Ψһܹľͨ˫ģ˫̺ϢȻܹĳ
ûҪŹǵ뷨ھ鰢ͷ­֮зֹһԣڸľڷһԡ
˾࣬ÿһԣζžǱһԡ
кܶʣҲҪѯˣԶλӦþͿԻش
鷳üλˣ΢Ц򲩴λ񷨹Լ޵۹λػ˵
λɣôⳡһӵĺг
ûжȣʶΰǵң˹ػ
λʵǳҪ뿪ǲߣûͬ⣬ǵԼóȻ뿪
ֵֻܱĸ빧ܵǵꡣ
Щ뼸λ󣬲֪Σ΢Цʵ
ǵң˹ػ񿪿Ӧ
˹ػ鶼ΣֳʵټϱУ£ѯʲô˭ܾ˭ָҾܾ
һӢ۹ҸճΪ飬ڴ˽ⲻࡣЦ˵
˹ػһ񷨹Ǳߣϣ񷨹õ񷨹Ǳߵͬ⡣
ȻӢ۹⻹ϵ޵۹벩
Ϊ߼ͬʽǼƵġ
˹ػɲ˵ѣ䲻֪ϸֻҪӢ۹ӴĻܿͿ˽⵽Ϣ
ʱصϢͲܣ˵һ㽻顣
Ӣ۹ֻһλҲְֲľĸľںһԺʹ
Ӣ۹ľԭʮλ˵Ѿ䣬˹ػ˵￴˿Զûȫλ飬̫üӢ۹ľʵ
ԭˣллṩϢȻĵ˵ͷ˵
һв֮ˣЩûԭ
Ҳ֪ԼҪԸ˭ˣǾĸĸ˳ͻ
ǾĸսΣ׷ʵ
˹ػٴοϣ񷨹٣ѯŲõ˿϶ĻӦſ
ĸûսʵϾĸʶ֮ںϵľ棡˹ػش
߼ܣĸͼܷ䣬ȫûʶ
Ҳûа취飬þĸͼܷӵʶô߼޷λ顣
߼ͨԵķʶ̯ڶ๫
ҲΪ߼ӴҪԭ򣬳ά߼תĹ⣬ڲ뵽ʶ֮С
սôܵ飿ҡͷп
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ǴӢʦ˲ͬҶһͬ䣬Ӣ۹ĲҰ
صλڿĸı仯ô᲻Ƿʲôǰһλˡ
ټλǰսأֻһʧܡ
鱨ǲһλ񣬶λλƿľǰҸоΪ˸Ӣ۹ʵ˻һλӻصľñ˵˵
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һλػһλ񷨹Լһλһôλ֮Բ˴˻ţǻἫ䱸
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ϣ֮񲢲ǲб飡һλػ޵ĵ˵
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569 ҳ
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ͨĸ֪ڴ־ʾʧˣְĳͻڡ
ܹͨеľĸ񣬸֪ĸܹٿؾĸ
ݼΰȻ֮֮񡢻֮񣬻ǰǣܾһҳϣķſ̫֮УڵһͶص̬
ķڿòʱԭһĵִҲʧˡ
Ǿ飬رڻžѪϢ͸ķͬˡ
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˾һһУˡ
ǰ·һͨžĸһ߻˵
ΪӢ۹ľûһսĵԭĸûκεս
ĸսھ飬˵Ǿһ˾ĸʶͨþӢںϵķʽ˾ĸʶʹþĸΪһĸ塣
ʦԼ鶼ĸ壬ĸ
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еľ鶼ӭǵûгޣеֻǳݡ
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ûн뾫Ĳͬоá
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ֵ֮סȫ
Ķӻ˾һͬΪͬȻ֮һ塣


570 
˹ػһֱڵȴӢ۹鱨޹棬ǵڽӢ۹תֶԸ޵۹
ҪӢ۹Ų޵۹ǲȥӢ۹Դ
ЩԴӵλǲκսġ
һϢ˹ػϢϳ˴֮ɫû뵽Ľֻ
ǱӢ۹ļأ޷ص˶ϣ˹ػ˾˳ȥ
һҪּ֮ǰͽһ޵۹ļأ˹ػԴΪڳ֡
Ҳյ鱨޵۹ͬʱͬľ
߼ı仯֪߼Ӵйء
߼ûܵģ߼ȴȱܡ
Ӣ۹ϣھĸ·
Ӣ۹Ѿĵ۹
ǹͬžĸȻ֮񣬾Ӣʦ£ںϣֻһٲȻں״̬
֮Աһٲ־Ӣʦ뾫ĸںϣΪά־ĸ־
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ųľӢʦþһ˹
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ûΪӢ۹Ϊֹͣ
ǿʵȥı֤ѾǴǿĴڣûκεֻԼ

ɪķʦһ˾δ֪ɴ÷ܲ
˥ϵɳ˿ռô˥ϣֻҪû䣬Ҫ÷С
ɴԼɴзɳλʮʦʱһ
޷ԵǿڣǾĵȴУ⽫÷еĩա
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ñɪķʦһǳһλʦǵˡ
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˵ʦΰôССʮżʦʲôϵģ
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ɪķʦǲ鿴սָٷ߼ʮżʦԴ
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еֹͣʱɪķʦоԼֻص׳꣬Ӹİ
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֪ԼĽȦȻܹ㣬ܹþʦ˺ģԲЩѡ
Ψһܹ²⵽ģǲ漣

ǣܸʦ밢ʦӢ۹Դ
ԴͬӢ۹ʹԴУƵʦԴʦĻԴס
ϵľĸĻ㼯ҲӰٷ֮ʮӵ˰ٷ֮١
Ӣ۹ʲô˼ʦ˵
ǵ⣬Ӣ۹ΪӹǱĿĵģǰԴȫ
߻յӢ۹ϢֻҪʦ֣Ӣ۹ͻṩӦԴڿƼʲô⣬ҲӢ۹ѰɲӢ۹·񣡡ܸʦҲͬ⡣
ʱȥӢ۹ڲİȴûиı
ȻӢ۹ڲİмƻģԲ
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һĳɳⲿİҪڲŬ
һɲϣԼУòϴķչ·
ǿ߼Ӣ۹Ҳչϳ⣬˵ˡ

ȥڴÿһ֣޵۹ףµֳˡ
ֹȥ꣬˪ڴ֣߼ľˡ
ôȥˣûκεҰģֻάӢ۹ķΧû˿ŵ뷨
ľٶҪƽͼ߼Ĳ١
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