==========================================================
ྫУС˵֪أhttps://www.zxcs.info/
==========================================================


 ߣ嶯

ݼ飺
ͼ飬ԴžҹδڻԵɺлúͼ飬֮⡣





1 ߰Ѫ
ɽǡ
΢䡣
ϱ䵱С
ʮҹδ룬ϴ÷׵ȹ״Ų԰סڹ̨һϣŬͦԼԴִ̨߳Ϣ¶
Աһϣһߴкֻһҹδǳһ׾ŵͬһֻܡ
ܰԵҹδ룬ֳ֮ɫ̧ưĴ֣ҹδͷ࣬
δ룬忴ӣǳȥòã
ҹδؽְܵȥã
ܰ죬ȴǱֿ͡һվƵش˺ţ˺ԺһľͷĻȭš
ںԺһǣһ˺һԶмһŰϷ̣塣
΢䴺˵ķ˿̾һ
δꡭ
ڣҹδɫһ£ؿľ¡
һ߽˴šҹδվ߽ˣһʮʮꡣ˶űͣȡ±̨һŵ
δ룬ѹեͯ
ҹδֳЦݣһ˫ȥǸһߵ磬ǵıôģдջ񣿡
ԼСϸ첲ж
־Ӵ濪ʼͶҹδһ߿һ߸۸
Ұݣʮͭһ飬޶ǵĽǣ𡭡
־Цеһͣһҹδ뱨ۣҲͣҹδһֱǳѣδ
־Ӵȡһףҹδ벻ɿЦõ磬ôʲô񰡣
ô˵ǼأһĴ꣬ҺսһСʱ
磬ţˣҹδһΣ㿴ףͲʵģ¾ɵʲô̶ˣŨζ˵ʲôʱģ׶֪ڵˡ
ٺ١־û˿˼δǼġ
⻹Ҫҹδ˹ͣùףһǮɡ
𰡣־δ룬ɿˡǼĲɱɽ廬ˡ뿪ġõҿ㿴
־Աߵһأ
ر˫Ǹ׵ߣǰ־γ˱Ĵ󵶣ԲˣŹ׿ȥ

󵶱׵ǹȴûѡ
һ£ҹδˣӹ̨ת׵ǰšȻ
ŵ̨ϡ
ЦеĽ׷˹̨ϣҹδϸĹ۲ŹףţôšӣҹδЩٵ
磬ЩҪõĵ䵱пɡ
־ҡͷҾ㣬ۣҲۡ
ҹδϸü˼Ƭ̵磬Ҹɣ㲻⣬ȥĵطĿ׼
УͰ
ҹ
һбʡ
Ժ
һ¡
ҹδµǧϣ˫ǸףŹס
֨ѽ
ſܰͬһֻܴӷ߳ҹδǧ
δ룬ʲô
Щ֣ҹδָŹ׵㿴һһǵһμڹзġУ׿˥ܲǷǳʵģõ
δ룬˵յһء˵бԻޣǶԱһֱֻˣŻȥɬšԲбе߶֮ڻԻ޵ģǻûˡ
ҹδ뷭һۣ˵ȱ£
ûԼϹ⡣
˼ߣ
ûУ

ҹС
һӰԲµιµУֳһߵȻ·İɽǸ
ҹδܰ㶵ؿԺĵ棬԰¹ڵϣʱڵһӰζȻ̧ͷ¹µҹգһǸ
˻
Ǿſ˾޿ڣǾ޿ڴΪγһۿɼС
顭
ɽڣһݶƿһȴѣ˰Ŵӵ˿С
飡
飬˺Ͷ˴ӷڳ˳ųǹ˵һ󵶡
飡
˴һ壬Խݼ֮ϡ˳⻪һҹϵľն
ȣ
һϺȣâӳйſеնȥ
ϣ
һǹǹâ
ͬʱɽӰӵԾ𣬸ֱ̻նһâſеۡ
ͷ˦βһ޴βͺɨʣȻ죬ǿɨһâ޴ͷ­ٴ·
˻
֣˱˾ĿУǾͷһ͹ҪǻԣֻǽƤǻ֮ʱϵ飬ͷƤһѿһ˿϶һâɫ͸
壡壡
һֱҹδǰܰԴȻڵһ壬ſгȥûܰԵڵҹδ뿴˶˺Ͷ˴ʱѾ뿪ݶţѪڷȥܰ˫֣ȥҪץסĽס
壬壡
ҹδ뽹ҹպѾʼҡΣ˫űſʼ뿪˵档
󣡡
һϺ쳹ҹգһӰҹգ֮УƮƮ󱳽ϻ
ϣ
һԽһ߽ӽϻڷɳ˲Ŵ󣬽ڱ£ն
˻
ǾͷϽ˸һ̽Ƥ

նǶ֮̽ϣ̽Ǳ飬˶ͷ­һ롣
߰Ѫ֣


2 һչ֧
һ·Ǳɽն飬ĳһ̽ǵƬ
ۣ
ᴩ˶˵أ˲ҽһӿе䡣·ܰ˫ֱסŵȥǴ͸صƬѸ͡
飡
ҹδһɴײԼ˫ּĹϣαײǽϣʹϵļⶼŤˡ

еĹˡҹδĿУһԼӵĶֳɵâͬһƬǿգȴֳɾŹͼò
Ǹǹ͵ͬ˯ѵܵ˾ţڰбһߣȻҰ˰ڣǹ㻹˸ͬһڶ󿴵ҹδ룬ƺһһᣬһײҹδԴ

ҹδ뷢һС
ٵ
һܾɵţһƥߵ޾ɣԯһܰ꣬ͷϴһң¡ԷһŴ󹭺һŵļʵļʸ
ٵԵľѾ³ǳ̵ѿϸУԵΡ
С֣ɫңȴޣ
ڣҹδϣһ飬һĶ
δ룡ܰڡ
ţδĿӦ
ĺˣ
ţ
ҹδ̧ͷ󱳿ڳϣ¶ã־ڴ֮ɫ
һҹ
ˣȶѾ
䵱̹ţƣҹδҲصԼķ䣬ڴϺ˫ۡȻͷԼ뵽һռ䣬Ǹռڷ·һǿգܶǵ㣬ͬεǽڣΧһȦûţҹδ붼֪Լôġ񷶥һǵ㹹ɵľŹͼ
ҹδȻѣۣԼڴϡ𣬱űڴ
𣿡
ҹδֱ۾ûн뵽Ǹռ䣬³һ
ȻΣ
ɫһǸ񷶥ô񡭡
Ȼ֮ǰǸĹڳֵǸŹͼĶ֮ǰˣ˴£ʱɫɱò԰ס
ҼǵǸҵԴŲ᲻ΰɣҷŽȥĵط
һ£ҹδվǸռ䡣ǻεǵ㣬ͷǾŹ񷶥
ֽˣ
ҹδܿ侲С;ǿѸٵ侲ѧʲô죬Ҳϱ䵱еԭڿռĴ鿴ǿռʲôҲûУտҲʵϸò飬Ϳ
⡭е񡭡
ҹδ̧ͷ񷶥ľŹͼϱ䵱հٻҹδҪԺ֪ܶʶойŶʹ˵е֪ʶⱻ˺Ūۡʱ񷶥ͼоʮϤ
Ȼδֳŵ
񷶥ͼķİ˸תųɰ˷԰ԣÿһɵ֧ʮֻ2749λãͬʱΪöİ˷ΪǣʮԶáɣ913742Ϊ磬86Ϊ㣬5룬ŸݺύΪʮ֮֮廯Ϊ֮ˡ
ҹδ
һ׵㣬Ϊ֧ӣ󿲣
Ϸϵ㣬Ϊ֧磬룻
̵㣬Ϊ֧î
߳㣬Ϊ֧ϣң
˰׵㣬Ϊ֧ޣ
ϣ̵㣬Ϊ֧ѣ㣻
ϣڵ㣬Ϊ֧δ꣬
׵㣬Ϊ֧硢Ǭ
м䣺Ƶ㣬Ϊʱ˶ΰ˷򲻶޶֧޳ͳ˷Ҳ
֮ͼ
Ǵ˵е飡
ǲģ
˵Ϲʱڣ廹Сʱдܷ˹һ޹ӣͼͼΪ顣Ҳõ飬űǿڱǿŰУѪһӮ֮ء
˵УΪ˼ܹܳߵֻǵܷҲֻǼס˹걳ϵ飬ûеõ顣
ֻǼס飬ƶķչҵõ顭
ҡ
ˣ͹ռ䡣
ôȥ
ҹδ뷢Լˣ̾Ͱյ˹ؼ
ȥĬҹδǸڡ
ҹδ˴ϡ
ҹδ뾭˷飬Լ뵽Ǹռ䣬ֻʶ뵽Ǹռ䡣ʱǾֹģãʱ򣬻ǽȥǸʱ䡣
һϲ飬ôãȻûлȥֻǸоΪƣҪǷ
ҹδȻڴֱˣ
ǲˣ
δ룡ܰԵҹδ˼ԺǲǿԵʦˣ
ҹδǷһ˿ĵЦݣȻ֪ܿصͷ
ţ
δ룬ͷӶֻˡ㿴ǸæԵҩ壬ûлȥĺˡֵôһӾرĸߣٺٺ١
һůϮҹδͷǰط忺ܵ顣֪Լˣ㽫䵱չĹƷ飬һԵĶӲصĵطóҹδ롣ôܴԼǰͶ
ҲλĹ¶ڴ¡Ļ˵ɽ̫СˣҹδȻˣӦȥѧϰǷʦӣܵˡ
ҲṼλġ
ҹδĿٴеϣľ׾ʮǿ󣬹ĿҲʮǿ󡣵䵱ܹչ屾飬ıǷĻ֪ʶƷҪߣֽͷʡ
ֽôô
۲ȵȡ
ҹ
ٵԱߵ֣ҹδڳڣͷ顣ǳ죬ֻһʱ䣬㽫ıƷ鶼ˣҹĿֻ֪ʶȴްʵһ§ڻ΢Ц
ͿѧϰƷˣ
ܰڳԯϣų۾΢ĺ
Ȼ䣬ֱӣ˫ǳųѾУָ֧
OO@@
ּĵƮܶ࡭
ǵ۾
δ룬ܰԵ
ҹδƿܰԵ󣬿Ʈһ˫˫ۣɱɫ
ô࣡
δ룬ұϡܰڳԯһȴɢżǿĹ籬ǰĴܡ
ҹδ뽫Ǳ鴧ԼĻ˫ֱܰԱϡ
໡
žҹУȻһХҶ˲䷢ϸܼ죬ͷų񱼶

һ죬ҹ֧Ӱ̰㴩
ۡ
ֻԵڵϣƥ̤ӣɵĽ
ܰһҹδ뱧˻һݣƥĺϣѸٵһĨһ̵ʣһ
ϣ̵ʡ
ݣ
Ⱥǵ֮£񱼶ȥ
͡
ܰ乭ǣǰ;һֻֻǵ£ȺİΧ˹ٵ۶ȥڱХһֻֻӰںҹѸ͵׷
ܡҹδ뿿ܰԵĻ
ģܰԺգһչ֧ǣ


3 ˵ҹ
ԡ
ܼ죬ܰΰܵϸҹδǿİȫУŵ΢£Ťͷź׷ϵȺ
ɫ£һֻֻ۱ѪߣһԵڵϣΪԻǰ
ܣ鷢
ȻܰǼ񣡡
ԡҲͣ
̤̤̤㼱١
໡
һХ´ԶȺͣܰԺ˼
ݣ
ܰԻӹƨϣƥ˻һ㱼ܡХԽԽԶ
飡
ƥֻǰȻȥܰһҹδϳ
䡭
ƥԵڵϣܰԱҹδȵ˵ϡͷѾ°ĭ߶ͷҹδ˹ȥͷǰһɱϮͷСĨ۱պϡ
δ룬ҪˡʱǿСԼ涼⣬ȻˣԺҪ
δ룬Ҫǿ
ܰԵĴְҹδͷϡ
ҹδѵõûнܰԵĴְصͷܣһǿ
ܰѿЦͬĴܡǰߵҹδǰӵ
ﲻȫҪ뿪
ޣ
ҹδӦһܰԵĺ󱳣ֻ첲§ܰԵĲӡܰվŹٵȥ
ɫ¡
ܰڹٵϡ
δ룬ˣδΪķʦʱǾͿԺʹ磬㣬ȥɱ塣ҹ飬һΪ㽾
ҡҹδ뽫°ͷܰԵļϣ۾졣
ܵҹδܰתͷôˣ
ҡҰֵŮ
ô᣿ҹҹǰչ㡣磬ĸĸ壬嶼ǵҹӥСӵĶԱ
֪ǰһֱΪҰŮҲ֪ҵľӳͺǿڲϵرǿҲҲԼǿԣԶڵһȥ׳
ˣҵһᱻÿԣҴС
ҰȥҷʦҼǵ죬ܱˣҵǰȴǿջЦصſ
ǲ֪ңѾǿˣǿҵʮǵ̸һǽ
ǻġ
ҳԺõĵӣ߸ҳԵҩʳ͵ҩеᶼʶڵľգҵľķǳ٣Ұʱ򣬾ͻﵽޣɻԶϵҵֲãܲסôǿľյĽһԴըˡ
Ҫյ࣬ø졣
ʱǸʦĽǣҳ嵭ʳ˲ҵľ̫죬űҵԴǣҵᱻϿ壬Ҳʮꡣ
ʧ£˵˺ܶ࣬Ҳ죬֪ҲǰģǼġ
̤̤̤
ҹֻܰԵĽŲ˶ڳĬܰԲ֪˵ʲôҹδǳڻС
ǡôˣܰڿڵ
֪
ҹδȴ֪һǸռйϵԴǸ뵽ʶоԼٱʶա
ֳĬƬ̣ܰԵҲЩ˵δ룬㲻Ҫˡ磬㣬ڶǹ¶ǵһҲֵͬܽá
ţҹδͷ
ģĸСû׽ŪǻˣҲĸȻӹǴûм㱯ˣҺܣҰ衣
Ժ󲻻ˣѾˣ֮ǰҶܿģϡŵÿһ졣Ժһӿġ
ԣǵδ룡ܰԵҲһ˿졣
ţԺ׽Ūǡ
ǿɲ㲻ܶĸһ޶ëȥ޶ˡ
ãҹδܰԵĺֱչ˫ۣҹɫе޴ǣҹδڳˣ׼ҹ۵ǻ²ɣ
ҹʲôܰԺʵ
ҸոԼĴºţô粻磿
ҽۣܵ
ãҹδܰԵļ򣺡ܵܵܣݣ
ܵܵܣۣܵ

⣬紺ů
һڹٵϣܰԺҹδһϣ϶ѻҹδϡ뿪ɽǵĵ죬ܰȣҹδ룬ٶɼ졣׷һ̶ӣһ㳵
ܰԽϵһӣҹδǸΨһһûп顣һ鲻ǷƷֻķ⡣
ľˮϵĻ
ˮܷ
ܰԺ͸ϳ򲢼ڳԯϣʱһм˵
Сӿųúȴթ˵ľˡ˵㣬ǶֲҪǮбҪţ
ʲô磬ôȴܣ
ţǺǡ
ҹδ뻹ûз飬ɿЦܰԲˣض˵

һģЦˣȻתͷҹδС𣿡
ѽҹδ˫
һĴ㵣һСҲѵɫһԵܰԵ
˰ɣ
磬ҸǴ


4 ;֯
ҹδЦ¶˰׽ıݡ
ܰԻͷһۣЦˣ¶ˡ
⣡ҹδСصܰԡ
ʼȰСӣϸġǿĴһǴؼǣĸûֵã֪顣ǴţҲͷ
򴵴ţûʲôֻһЦ˴ͷţҡײƭǻᱻץġ
ܰұģûѣ
ҹδЦһͷе鼮

鼮ĵһƪǽϵ
ҹδϸϸعۿֱһƪ½ڿ꣬۾ܿĬһ飬һֲ
۾ϣ΢΢ͷʼ˼̣ҡҡͷ΢΢̾Ϣһ૵
ϧûзʺͷֽʺͷֽùġʲôʱܹϰ
ţ
ҹδǸ񷶥ĴڣȻԼǰƾһӣзֽʺͷī
ҹδдϲ㲻ռôͻȻЩĶҲȥ롣˷ʣպī㿪ʼ
ҹδ׾ǿ󣬼ȺǽʶеĶʵֺһҲסο⻹һ
ڼͱըΣ˵ΣһŽ˳ҹδϲؿǰϵķһ㾫šǰ˳ȥѸٻһ룬˶ǽڡ
һǽϣȻɢ
ɹˣҹδڿкݺݵػһСȭͷһʦˣ
ˡ
ҹδͻȻо̧ͷȥ񷶥ϵͶһââУһߣһƣͬһ֧ڹһŷŷҹδϤ
ǽ
ԣ
Щطͬ
еŷɣҹδϷҹδؿŷͻȻظֳһͷͷһɣҰһ׳ɳ
ѵǸĽ
صĿռ侹Ȼܹ
Ծ֪ˣ
ҹδ뿪ʼչǸ
֮ǰĻҹδٶȾͿֻ࣬ǵɹһŽǰȶûбըĽҪ֮ǰĽһЩһЩơ
ǼˣˣǼˣ
ҹδŽ

һ߽ڿл˶ǽϡҹδϱֳϲ֮ɫٶȻŽܶɡ
ҹδɫó죬ŬԼƽ˳˿ռ䡣
ʱԯϵܰѾúѿ࣬۾ϣԺлŵ˴ͿԹϴںȾƴӡ
ԣ
ҪԼȥ¥Լûȥô϶ÿ춼ȥ
ǰУ
ʱһȥ֮΢Զ
ԯϵܰȻ۾ҰУһΰĳǳء
δ룬ˣܰԻĴɤ
ҹδСԴǰ
ߴصĳǽϣǰǳĳʻš
ʱΰĴǡһģˣ˽Ŀᶨ
ضҪһ󡣡
һ˽˽еĴǹ˷ض
Χڼѵ˵ĻҹδһҲӿţ૵
δ룬Ŀʼ
˵˵Ĺһ׷Ӧҹδվ̧ͷΡľ޳ǣһ뿪ɽǵɫЩ㱣
Ǵ
ܰԴʱվڳԯϣΰĴԺ¥ڳȾƵĳ棬˵
δ룬˴Ͷ磬ǾкӹˣҪʲô
ҹδ뻺վֱͦ壬ΰĴ˷ܵ
磬󣡡
˻һһôЦ
ҡͷ̾Ϣ棬˦˦ӣȻӿٶȣһΣҹδһƨɶĿ
ΧһôЦ
ҹδҲգΧҲܿתȤÿ˶쳤Ŵ鶼Ҫ߽һ´ĸ󣬿һķ
Ҫ׬ȡƸ﹦֮ͣҪȵ
ųꤵ֨ѽĳѾҹδǰ


5 žѶ
߽˳ţҲ߽֡
̸ܼЦС
ܰ³ԯҹδӳϱҹδ̶ӵ˵һл˫롣
кܶݾһˣأĪȻ
СҹδʹܰܰڿĴϣ۾ˡ
˶ǵһ뿪ɽǣָǣһжô棬ԴתתȥͣĴ
·;ЩһǻˣĿҹδѲӣܰԾͺݺݵصɹȥЩܰԵĶ񣬷׷ջĿ⡣
󻪳оŸÿǶʮ־޴ܹǧ˾סС
Ǵٴסڸۡƽڡ
·飬ָܰԡҹδ벻ͣ·ǰУܰԲܲˣֻҹδС֣ҹδ뱻ˣһ˫۾ϡ档
δ룬δ룬ķ綼ģ
Ůϵ֬㣡
ǣ֬㣡
ףŮӵ֬ۻоҹδ档
ǣܰԴԴζζϤǰ㡣Ȱɽǵİӻ㣡
ҹδǰߣȻϰǰȹȵţͬ˵˷򣬵ȴû߶ͷԼСֱܰԵĴУܰԵһ˫Žֱ߸ոճĴӡ
ܰһڿˮ
̯ϰ忴ܰԵģߺڱƤİӣһǮ
રડҹδԴϷܰ԰
ܰԵӣ岻ܽǮܰֻסҹδСֲߡ
֣ȡǮҹδվֱӡ

࡭
˵Ķһҹδȡʮͭǰ˶ʮӡԼֽһһһ߳ԣܰһֱֽһַɿһ
રડ
δ룬㣡
İɣ
Ҫԣ㣡
УܳԶһһ
ûУҡĿڳһ
ҹδ̧ͷһۣСڳԣһģҹδ벻ɷתͷߣԶ
Ҳʶ
δ룬ˣ
һСʱվ˸ۡĴŶ档ŽֶĻֺţſءڴŵһͣһǵŰݷôٵˡ
ˮ
ҹδֳ֮ɫҪԼˡ˵л︮٣
ҹδϸһԼ·ŽֶȥȻͣŲüֳ֮Σરવ
̧ͷȥܰССڵسŰӣһ
ҹδֽ̧ܰԵߵİһ°Ȼһֽڣʣһӣ㽫Ǹץ˳
죡
ܰԼæ׽£˽еİȥȻŴͣҹδ뽫еİһĿе
ٶȣ
ણણ
ܰԷɿؾ׽˼£Ȼȥҹδɸֵأ׵۾˵
˴ڰɽǡ綪ٸҶԺٸһӣ
ҹδݺݵвܰû˿ܵвӡЦıϵĳ˵
ҵı£˭˵Ҷˣ
ҹδһΣСң
ׯߵ˽ֶ棬һ߳һ׾ŵ׳һֻһŮһ˵ڴſڵЩˣһ˫˫۾˵ϡվ̨£ܵʮ˫Ŀ⣬ҹδ밲סеĽţǰ̨ס
ҪڣſڵüĿȵҪģȥĵطҪȥҪĵط𣿡
ܰԲˣ뿪ںȴҹδһֻСְֱϣȻҹδ뵭˵
ãɽġ
ɽǣ
ҹδЩȺļʮȻôЦЦг˼
ҹδб©һģһ˿
Ǹǰɫ˼أջ̾һ
ţȥͨһ
ͣ
ҹδʱѾо˲ԣӱЩ˵ĺЦУǸһ̾ϢУһ˿
ѵˣ
һӵʱ䣬Ǹ˳
ҹδ߽˴ţˣλ磬أڸУ
Ǹɫԥһµˣȸǰס£סһȻŸ͵̲ɽǰɣ
ˣҹδֳ˽֮ɫ
˿ܰԣֿҹδ룬̾Ϣһ
ǹܲˣǿذɽǰɣⱻǣ
ǳ;֯žѶ


6 ԰ɫ磬԰г
ҹδס˽Ųһ˫ǸǸֳЦȴܹᶨҹδࡣ
ôˣ
ҹδܰԼˣǰһһֻǸ·ץ˹ȥǸһ˿ӣ̧ܰԵץ˹ȥ
飡
˳ץסܰԵһŤ뽫ܰԸ
ǡ
ûŤ
ž
ܰԵּǰץһץסǸĲӣǸǸ˫ߣͭ۾ȵ
˵
žžžһԵҹδֻֿ첲ֻСֿ籩ĴܰԵĸ첲ϣ
֣֣
ҹδ뼱ˣһСͨ졣ܰԲ飬һ֣ͨһǸˤ˵ϡҹδ뼱æСܹȥǸǸ
Բ𣬶ԲĸһˣԴ⣬Ǹ
Դû⡭
죡ҹδȵصܰԹ˹죬ջǱ˴͡
Сã㲻õǸǸվЦҲǻǾ뿪ɡ
ҹδĬˣܰԸҪ죬ҹδȻ̧ͷ죡
ܰ㬵ֱ͡
治˵ҹδٴǸг
ΪǺã̾Ϣһ
Ҫҹδֱᶨ
ɫӿɬҶȥôܼ㣿
Ƿţҹδ㵵
ҷֻ˸Ĺܼҡ
ҹδʩһΪܼҡ
СáˣҴȥ
ӺҹδܰվһߵǰǸʩ
壬λãҪ
ҹδ塣ҹδʩ硣
֪ˣ˵ܼ̾Ϣһڸھסһ죬Ȼ뿪ɡҪ̲顣
壬ܼ𣿡ҹδεŴܼҡ
ܼҡҡͷ
ܹ֪緸ʲô¶𣿡
㻹СԶǷǣͲҪˡ
ҹδҧҧ촽ŴܼҵҪݼ
ܼ΢΢һüͷҪˡ
ҹδĿǿһֱŸ緢ʲô飬ΪãȨ
ܼ̾ϢһǸٵĵɽĹϵҲܲ򣬸ҹδ롣ҲҪֻûа취
Ҳõķϣܹȥ𡣡
뵽ܼҵͷҡ
л壡ҹδϲæܼʩ

ܼ̾Ϣһתȥ
ҹδֳ֮ɫ
ž䣬Ȼܰԣҹδ롣
žĶӣʮꡣȻŮʮꡣ
ܰԺҹδ붼λĽֵܵĺӣ˶˹¶λΪøҲá
Ͷ磬ȴ¡
Ūʵ࣬ȳλȥͶλ彻
Լ
Լ׶༪٣
ϼԼһ
һˣҹδиӽ꣡
Ҳܽ꣡
Ҫ侲
Ե侲
鷿
ںԼĶӴԶ
Զһ¯ðư裬ȻָԼ裬²
ףĻṥ𣿡
̾һһǰɽ׹Ӧ޵ǻۣ塣
гĬ֪һϰߡһ޵ǻۣΪ壬ض߶޳ǳأΪء
ɽǻ۵岻١
ֻҲϵɱ壬ƽ˴ɽɽˮʮΣգѼΪ԰ȴҲ
ʱ޿̲߳ɽ
ףʱǣ
ٱ۾ᳬ¡
йأ
ٶյһڣԽԽˡ
үܼźỽ
£
üҪү
ã
ٺʹж΢΢һüͷٶյ裬е
𣿡
үӦ˵һЩ飬ҪүүҪҽϳȥ𣿡
в˴٣΢üͷչȤļ˶һǿ𣿼ȻңͰɣš
ǣү
ܼ˳ȥؽŹϣ߳ȥԶͻһֳһ˿ɣ
ԸүܹɣҲֻܰ㵽ˡ
ҹδܰԶͷվҹδͷ£ܰͷϡ
԰ӭѾ³˽۵Ļɫ٣ȴӳҹδϵĳŨ
԰ɫ磬԰г


7 ǧʺ
̤̤̤
Ųдһ˿ϣҹδһ¾ǹܼҵĽŲæ̧ͷڴšܼҴ˳
塭

лл壡ҹδһϲŹܼȥܰҲæϡҹδͷܰԵ
ң
Һһȥұ㡣
ǻСȥǸܱңȥƢἤŭ£
룡ܰҡŴͷֳ֮ɫ
ܼҲܰԻ£үֻǴӦλСǸȥҲүλСҲˡ
ûУҹδתܰԵĸ첲ʡİɣңɺã
áɡܰԵıЩίδ룬ҪСġ£ұض
죡ҹδ΢ҪԸǣûзʲôݻͰҡ
ܰԲ٣֪ԪΪԼڸǰ˼һĵģֻݻܷţñ
ҵ㣡
ܰԶ׵ǽǣԴ˫ϥ֮䡣ܣоԼûá
ҹδȦ΢΢죬һһ˿Цݵ壬룡
鷿ڡ
ֳŭ֮ɫȻƻ˷ڣسѶȴΪӡ
ֹѶȴΪӣƽ˵Ҳزסǡ
ףô죿еֳ˽ǡ
ڣ̾Ϣһֻлʼܹ޸ڣʱˡ
ʧǣҪġɫӽǡ
ٵ˵
ô᲻оȵ
ǸʱҶˣ˭
ף
졣

ܼ˽ʩѾˡ
ڽ䣬һš
ǣ
ܼ˳ȥԺҹδţʲôʱүȥͽȥһ¡
һܼȻæҹδ뼱æʩл塣
ʵʵȣҪĴߡ
ǣ
ܼҸȥ
ҹδվֱԺĬĬصȴʱһһȥԭҹδ룬ѾоԼЩվˡֲǿ鷿˴١һʼЩ԰סǱ߲ʱ·㶼̽ͷ̽ԵȻ˽
Ǹð
ˣ

ҹδüͷšһ֡
ǰķӦܼҵķӦѾ²⵽ǵĻСѾһСʱˣȷԼ뷨
ÿλؼҵʱ򣬶˵ڴΪҺԸԼ
ܹĸǵزԿɼǵĻ²С
ֻҹδһĨڣֻܹվɵš
ʱĥжȹҹδȶѾʼҧţֻһСӵز԰ס
̤̤̤
һŲҹδתͷȥһԼСкһֶֻһС룬СڷŽӣһץŽԵͣһ鷿ȻͿҹδ룬ߵߵ˹̧ͷҹδ룬׵
˭Ϊʲôûм㡣
ҹδеתܹôҡڵǸֱϵԸ䣬ӦǸӡתͷһ鷿ţŸġ
Եʲôѽҹδ¶еЦݡ
СһأӣҵĽӣһүү
ҲŲǸСأҹδЦе˵ҪҲӡĽ̫Сˡ
ӣСкתȦңĶ
ҹδָͱͱСкĶӵ㲻Ǵ𣿡
ңҲŲǡ
ôͲǽӣ
ӡڣûڡСкһһҺܴƭ˵̬
ҹδָͱͱСкĶӵҲڰʺڵġ֪ΪʲôרųС𣿡
ΪʲôСкʵ
Ϊǧʺ

Скǰ·𿴵˹˹ͷ鷿ȥ
үү

ҹδ³һվ˷š
飡
Скƿ˷ţ˽ȥ
үү
üǳɢȥ¶Ц˫ֽСкСкĶϻζš
ǰپ;ӣضÿЦǽȴȻ˫ְڴٵԴϣƣϰʹ˳̵ľ۵ش
үүңʺڵģ


8 
տۿɼٶȱڸǣҹδ̧ͷܲգһ˿
ղúõģûе
ʱٵɫͺеһ㣬ԼӳҭŽ齲һ飬ٵɫƽ
ͣڶĴͻȻֳʺڵģ󡣡
ٵ˶һۣô𣿡
ٺ١
֪ҹδΪʲôҪôͲµңٿ˴С
ɫһȻӦǼżǣԼŭǵķʽ
Ͳ¼ŭǸɱˣٵ¶һ˿⡣
ᣡҡͷκᵽҹδã˵ʮִϻۡԣضܹӹܼԸΪһ棬УҲӣȻΪС¶͸˵ɱˡ
еοصͷȻǸСѾͷ취óˣȥɣȻ󾡿ߡ޳٣һ˴
ǣпһ۴ɫҪˡ
˷ǰƿ˷ţ㿴վŵҹδ롣ȻҲҹδһֱڼ֣ԭ壬˫Ѿʼͣض
вɰԵͷһǿѾͷ
ʱƣҹδ뷴ӦһЩŷִгſڡæʩ
ˡ
еͷ̨ףԺеͤȥɡ
˽ͤڣϸѾƮľϣһվڶҹδ룬Ц

ллҹδл˴еĶ档
ʺڵģɫһ㵹ǵ󣡡
ҹδɫһ䣬æվˡ
аڰֵЩǣǸǿˡ
ҹδ빪ʩ񣺡л˿񡣡
дЦѾ³緸鲻СǴҲûзŭ
ǣҹδǲµ緸˴£ֻǲ֪˺£ԡ
Ҳ㣡Цݵһ£ûܰҸҲﲻˡ²һǣ̤ҺҸҲ⡣
ҹδɫò԰ףлǴžǿûвȵ𣿡
ҡͷҺҸûǸôҪȣ
ҹδһҧûأжôѣ˸һβȵĻᡣ
һ⣺û˵ҺҸ׶ûвȵѵҺҸǿ
ʱҹδѾӦԼľǸĶӴСٴʩ
ˣҪԣһأ
δжˣʧЦǳţ»
ҹδ̧ͷֱŴУһƬ㣺ԡ
ã
лͷȴҡͷҹδ꣬ҲҹδĵеˣȻᱻͣУɲеܹȵġ
ǣһСŮԸҲȫ顣ȴҹδûбϣ
ʲôҪ󣿡
硣
ԣ
һҪһȨ
ʲôȨ
ȡȴʩһз֮ڡ
̤̤̤
һ󼱴ٵĽŲܼСŹδͤ˷ܺ
үʦˡ
ʦڻˣеֳ˾ϲ
ţ
ߣдҴ߳ͤϸꡣ
ˡҹδ뼱æ
ͷҲصӳһƣðȥϸд
ƣ󣡡
ҹδסƣء
һƴĴƣһ֣Ŵٸݡ鴿֮ϣֻһ鴿ƣڴٵС
ʦ
ҹδ뽫Ŀջأ̧ʧš
ĴʦƺֻһԶʦԶ
ҹδüͷϸϸ˼
оϲɫӦеضûˣӦ˷Ĵ⡣⻹˽⡭
ҹδȻֳ£ѵйϵԸΣٸ꣬ή˴
У
Ҫȥ磡
ҹδ߳ͤðϸС
ĸ磡
δ룡
ܰԿʪ͸ҹδ룬ʹӭȥֵδ룬ӹԭô֪ꡭ



9 һ綹
ҹδ첽ŴȥҪȥҴУ߹ܼңҪȥ
δ룬ȥĶܰ󲽣һҹδ׵ؾ׷ҹδ롣
ȥ磡
а취磿
ţ
ҹδȻͣס˽Ų۾ֱǰ
ǵĶммһλߣͬߣһЦݣǸ߱б̸л¶ڲزסڴǸȴһȻûΪеݶа
ܼһλںȻ棬ǸߵıӰһ𾴡
ҹδƶŲǽվš߽ˡ
λ߽Ųͣشҹδǰ߹ȫҹδĴڡɫһһ˦䣬һԲشҹδǰ߹Ĺܼ̾ϢһֵؿҹδһۣȻһָָҹδ룬ҲŲͣؽȥǸ߹
֪ãﲻĵط
ǸȻֹȻҹδ֡ʱҹδ̧ǰһơ
ƣ
ǸȻʶеƣϵ֮ɫ˲𾴡
Ȼ𾴵ƣҹδ롣
ʲôԸ
ȥ
ã
Ǹû˿ԥתҹδܰԴŻȻһΪƧȴһʿͨ
ϸԵͨ¡
ҹδϵ·Ѿʪ͸ͷϵˮͣص䡣˿˿壬ʱشһ¡
ǸͣվһȴǰĸʿûнֻȻضŻҹδ룬ܰˡǸתͷָָҹδеĴơҹδᣬŶĸʿһ٣
Ҫ
ĸĿ˴ϣȻĬȻ˴šһڿڣҲط̫ãһֱеĸо˵Ĺ꣬ҹδʮֵĲӦһ˿ºͿ־塣

ҪĻɢĺ䣬Ҳ˾ºͿ־壬ǸʿĽŲ߽˴š
߽ţ߹һԺ䣬ֽһţ߹һ̵ܶͨȻ·չ̨ף˳̨˶ʮ뵽һ谵ͨͨԱһΡ
ң
ԩģ
Ҫ

ӵԵļдһ˫˫դһƴҪդмǸʿϵıͬһ㣬û˿仯ͬһ㣬·ûӵŲƵʶûз仯
ηڵһŰҹδ˾ºͿ־塣ԼҲ
ģ
һ䣬ǽηҲһ
ҹδҧŷ׵촽ǰʿĽŲ˫Ϊۣ;¶΢΢
ʱڴٵ鷿ڣȴһȵա
λϣԶڶ棬д㣬ܼҹվһߣѾ衣
һ磬麬Цʦˡ
ԶѾ֪ҶԷźܾõоܷ޸ȴҪڻٻʲô̶ȡûпڣҲûаա
ȻЦ󣺡ʦոոջϢȥⷿڡ
ЩˣݼԶվŴٹ˹֣תȥ߳ſڣһ˿ư
еһ˿Ǵȴºжʦ
ǣ
ڡ
·ͣһηǰҹδŵ͸դȥ
һһһյ͵ƣһΣһͰ
ηں࣬绹ǺչˣҹδһŴȥ
һΰڴϣ·ûη˵ηڵķ˺ĶԱȡ
ҹδȻһ˫ֳǺ͵ġ
һ綹谵Ĺ¡
ɫΪҰܶ㲣۾ƺηݶ˫Ŀûһɡ
⻹ԼĿ
Ƿʲô飬Լܵ˴
ţҹδٴһеĴơ
ÿλҹδƿţ˽ȥûзӦ
磡
ƤӶһ£תҹδ롣Ȼ¶𾪣һӴ
δ룿
磡ܰԵĴɤϷš
ģ
Ŀҹδϣҹδʪ͸ͷڲϵصˮΡ
δδصڵϣܿγһˮѡ


10 бϸǳ
ɫһ䣬δ룬ӹԭôðˣϽȥؿջϴˮ裬·
ҹδ벻ֱֻŽߵתͷܰԣŭ
ôչδģϽδߣ
δ롭ܰԸոտ˵֣ҹδ뿪ˣ磬Ϊʲô
Ĭ
ʲô
δ룡ɬ㲻Ҫˡ
ҹδ̧֣еĴƾǰɫһ͵
ơôô
ҵĲѾˣҹδƣ
ģ
ʼһ㣬̶˫ץסҹδļһļ
磬ʹҹδСƤ
æɿ֣ȴǽĿܰԣܰæͷţǰֻ֣
ã̫ˣ
磬֪ԭɡҹδ˵
֪ҹδһģԸȴǼľǿҿҹδеƣҲ²⣬̾Ϣһ
δ룬Ȼȥϴˮ裬·һԭԭظ㡣
ҹδҡͷĿȴǿ
ðɣҹδϣΪҹδ뾡ȥٺܿ죺ǰҽύһѣƻǸʱ
ıӿɬµӡһˬˣһҩ̵ϰ壬ռ˲ٵҩġȻҶǮ򣬵ЩĲҩǮҲܲ򵽵ġǶڴɽĲҩƻȴռˡҲܹһǰͻƵڵҪԭԣ˸ܺáǰҺƻȾƣ˵ûпڣҴڡ
ǽϣŷڣܹšǵֿ޳ǵҪǣƻֻҪȥС¶֮꣬ȻӦˡ
Ȩޡ
ǣû뵽ڶ죬ŷھȻˣͲһƬƱƻˡõķʦ˵Ǳٷ۸ʴˡ
뵽ƻΪֻƻĵڶ죬ھͻˡȥĵ̵ʱ򣬷Ѿȥ¥ա
ڻˣްҹδ벻ɿڵ
ޣ̾ϢһڻʼԣЩҲֻлʼҵķʦܹ޸ǣʱˡ
ʱˣʲô˼ҹδһ˿
һǰɽ׹Ӧ޵ǻۣɾ塣ÿ嵮ɽ嶼ᱬ޳ǣԴΪǵء
ǣÿǶײͷѪޣм塣ȡʤڹû
ˣǾȻû࣬ش壬ƻڡμ޳Ǳǵͷ
ո㣬ڱƻ֮£ͻᱬ޳
µʱ䡭
ҵķʦһһȥοҪʱ޸
Σӣ
ҹδ鶸Ȼóءǰ·ֳĳ档
ǡԮ죬ҹδ뼷һ仰
ԮɬԮΣȻԮʧȥ˷ڣסʿ
˭е
ң
ңûˣ
ҷĴҵֻ
δ룬߰ɡܹǰСһ棬Ѿ㡣ֻǲǰТԺ鷳ˡ
ﰲס취
䣬ҹδתͦأ̧ͷɢ߳η
Сã֡
磬δģܰһֱҹδӺôӵؼܹѧᣬʲõȰ
㶮ƨŭ
ܰԴתҲηĺ
ǴǰɽǣСáҹδ롭
ҹδͷҲص߳˵Σܰһɣδ룬Ѿİ취ܳ𣿡
ҹδļһСûа취
ղšܰ𾪵صɴ˫ۡ
ҡڰο磡
ܰԴ죬һɵģ
ҹδ³һʱ·ȥܰԳüظ˺档Ǹ
δ룡ܰͻȻһ뵽˰취ľϲǿ㶮޸ڰ
͡Ǹ̲סЦˡ
ܰԻͷšüۣЦʲô
ϸֳҪ˵ȴȻҹδ
ԣǷʦޣ
Ȼһ˵Լıǻһ޸ڣ
Ǹɫϣ˵ˡ
ҹδʱ룬ȴǸصռ䡣ҲֻܹϣǸռ䡣ӿ˽ŲĿѰ
б硣
ϸꡣ
ǳģ


11 
ڿŴʦĹܼңһĳ࣬Щ겻ĹܼҸûпҹδ롣
壡ҹδӭȥ
̧ܼͷҹδ룬Ƕģֳ˲ͷӻһҶ
ȥͷϢ
壡ҹδ뼱æȥ𣿡
ǲܿġ
ܼһ˦䣬߿ˡ
ҹδ׷ǸҶ첲סˡ
ҹδ̾Ϣһܼҡ޳Ҫˣ֪ܻܹܲԼס£Ѿؿˡ
ǸҶǺòҹδܰס¡ܿ컹˸ҹδˮҹδϴһˮ裬·һƣϮͷվܹԼһЩڻ˯Ҫļƻ
ұҪڣֻпڣܹ֪ռܲܰæ
Ҫβܹڣ
ܼҶԼȥڣӾ͸ˡ
Ҫô죿
ҹδⲽнꡣߵǰ˫ֽƿһбϸҹδľһ塣
ˣ
ʦ
ʦȥ˰ɣ
ʦܹ޸ڣܹסҲܹһЩӦòᴦְཱུ
ǡ
ʦ޸˷أ
˵ˣֻܹ޸ʦܴĿ޸ˡ
Ȼʦˣһԡ
Ż޸Ҳûȥڣضȥ÷
ҪܹŻȥ
ҹδ뿪˴ڣֿʼڵⲽ
һȦһȦ
ͻȻס˽ŲӻȡǸƣ˫ɢâ
ڸסǱߵţȸʦȥ޸ڵʱҾ͸ţƣźܴĿԻȥ

ҹδһһɣϮϣƤ̴ܡŲ˴ߣڴϱ㺨Ȼ˯

˯ҹδ뾪ѣæ˴⣬ɫֻǷ𵭵عһû˯䡣
𴲣£ϴ˳ȥ
ûпӰϤĶ̵ƿ֮Ŀȥ㿴ܰԸߴӰڻŶ̵ҹδҲ˼ƣʼ塣ӹֻһӣòͣʱܰҲˣ߹
δ룬㲻ҪǷʦΪûôҪ
ףĸ磬ǽҪ취
ܰ꣬˷һصͷ
δ룬ġһһ仰˵
ҹδһָһС׵һ仰һֶ׼˵򣬲ȥ
ǣܰԱ֤һֶ˵
ʲôʲô㷢Ƣ
˴أܰЩ⡣
Ҳûϵҹδĵĸ磬Ҫסģ̵ĵ̣ܵĵܡֻҪܹ磬ʲộͲ̣
ҵȻܣܰһӣôңҶ̡Ƕ㡭
ңҲ̣ҹδץסܰԴ׳
оҹδеҹδϴδй棬ܰһŴͷ
δ룬ġ̣ʲộ

ҹδܰԴҴҳ緹ҹδ뺦ʱ䣬ܰԻûгԱ£ŸסԺ䷽ȥܰһֻĸͷһֻץһͷһ߸ҹδһ߳š
Ŵеƣһ·ͨ裬˸סԺ䣬ҹδܰԣһԶĲע¡
󡭡ܰھ׽ͷ
ҹδתͷһۣ̱ܰ;׽
ҹδתͷһ󡭡
ҹδҲôܰԣ۾ŸסĴš
һȾһСʱҹδȶֿʼᡣвɷģһҪú岻ãʱ̫¶
һӰ̤ʯ·ҹδ۾һǹܼҡܼûзֶԶµҹδܰԣ߽šһ˳ҹδ룬վû
ڵȸܼһûʸӴʦ
ֹȥ˽ӣʯ·˽Ųһ̤ʯ·
кʦУŹܼҡ
߽ţӺ󣬸ˡһȥҹδһܰԣĵظ
ȵ˸⣬ѾһһʿȺ򡣼鱣мǰС
죡ϣ
ҹδһӿ˽ŲܰһȣһӾͳҹδ룬Ͱҹδ˦һξ롣
ĸ磬ңҹδŽнԶĶ飬ɼ
һץҹδ룬Լϣ׷ȥ


12 ΢糾
Ҫ̫ҹδſܰԵĶߵ
ţ
ȥⷿⷿ븮ԶԼһӣͣסһȴǰʱڴǰͣһĳӳһ곤ٵˣԼжʮˡ
Щ˶Ƿʦķʦ
˵ʦˣҪ޸ڡһܹ۹ۿʦƷǶһ£ο޸ڣ
ԣ黹δͣЩ˾ѾӳڴſڡԶ׷ǰʩ

ʦ
ٸ
Զ΢΢һüͷȻ֪ЩʦʲôŶһˣҲͶһ⣬
ɣ
һʦɫϲЩʦǴкŵķʦƽʱȻĺܡǴʱؾأֻܹԶѧ
ܴ
ƽʱѵÿһʦʱȴһѡ
ǸǶʿػڴſڣԶ߽˴ţǴкһȺʦ
ҹδ
ܰԽҹδôã
ҹδӻȡƣһ
ͦأ̧ͷ
վڴſڵǸ˫΢΢Ѿ˵ϣǸҹδܰԣע
һӣ
Σ
ǣûеʣҹδ뽫һ̧Ŀһ䡣
ٸƣ
ɿյ֣ǿ̫ϤֻǴһۣͲϴ
ģ
ҹδ߹˴š
ܰμҹδĻĿбӣͣ˽ȥ
һ߽ţҹδͼӿ˽ŲЩʦβͣĬЩʦҲûдҹδܰԡ
ɭϣΣգܻݲˡ
ҹδֻһСѾͷǸӳþͲһʦͬһȦˣʲô
Ȼ󡭡
ҹδ͸Ż˿ⷿ
ⷿʮֻֿڷ˰ŷڡ
߽ⷿЩʦʶȤغԶһ룬¸ŵԶǵ̬𾴣ݺڴ
ʮп϶ҹδվЩ˵ͨ϶ҲڴԶ
ʱԶվһʱĹ̨ϣĿ˹̨ϵķڡڷԱߣ̨ϻڷź˸ַʦߡ
Զⷿڵˣٶ˺ԼĺСһЩ
ԼһӺԶڵԣ
е˶һֳ˷֮ɫ
Ǵ϶ֳһ˿죺ʦ߶׼ˡ
Զڰ֣һĨһӣбһȻȡһߣ
ϰԼĹߣ
ҹδ¶Ľ֮ɫ

󱦱
ϡٵģӵд˶Ǵ
Զȡһƿӣ򿪸ӣȻһСˢӣպƿһɫҺ壬ʼڷˢš
ҹδǰзʦѹʦǣ
һʦڱٷ۸ʴˣǺٷ۸ʴòȣʦú֭ٴδ÷ڱʴĵطƽ
ꡭ
˶ž
ڱʴĲƽʦȡһ̵ʼƽ̻֮
㣬ߣ棬һ˿˿ͬ³Է
ֳһʦϵɫԽԽҪ֤һ޸ڵĴʦ
ҹδһСҲͨ죡һ˫Сȭͷյýģź
һҪɹһҪɹ
͡
ⷢˣ
ʮʦһƬҹδһӾͽһСɺתס
ʦ޸˾ų֮ʣµһɾǽ޸Ĳֺͷԭеķ޸һ֡
ǣʦ޸ķƺԭеķ˲䣬Ľڵȴ죬󲻽޸ķƱһ֣ԭеķҲһС顣
޸ʧܣ
һƬ󣬱סĳĬ
ⷿڵѹֵþˣ
еĶͷһӾ˺ˮ
ٽڴԶʦ
ԣ
ʦɳȣֿʼˣĿ¶ڴ
Զֳһ˿ãĿɨһЩʦЩʦס˺һ¡
Զ˴Լһ̶ӣֿʼ̻
Զƶ֣ѾܾûôŹˣܷ޸ϵ
ԶˮַǶʮʦо̾ʦڷƵ̫ˡȫѾǵ۹ˮ׼
ʱվڹ̨ԵʦĿľǣʱ貵ǳ˵Ŀ⡣
ҹδվ˵ûйߵеһŻҳ΢


13 ǧ
͡
һαˣ
Զܸɴ˹ߣԴٵ˵Ϸûа취ˡ
䣬Զתߡ
һſڣȴûзԶסҲûã޸˾޸ˡڴĿǶʮʦǶʮʦһͷҿ٣ǿûԶǸλתߡ
ٱ̾Ϣһһ˦߳⡣нһ಻ЩʦҲһס˳ȥ
ܿ죬ⷿھʣҹδܰˡ
ҹδٲߵ˹̨ǰ˷ڡҲԶ޸ڵḶ́ȴûп
ʱվڹ̨ǰ֪Ǹռòʹ
ȥ
ҹδĬͳռС
ռڣһͿⷿһģһĹ̨һһģһķڹ̨ϡ
ҹδûȥ̨ϵķڣԼİգ֮ǰĹɣʱӦó޸ڵͼġ
Ȼ
ռ񷶥ϣһ⣬ɨ˷֮ҹδİгͼġֻγֵͼĴҹδ⡣
Ȼͼġ
ҹδĿһͼģиоϤϸؿһ飬ⲻԶ޸ڵͼ
ԣ
Զ޸ķƺͷԭеķǶϿģûνӡǵһͼУ޸ķƺԭеķȴȫνӵһ
ҹδһ̧ͷһͷŰеĵһͼĺ͹̨ϵķϣԶ޸ķơ֣Ųͬġ
ܹоŴͬ
ѵʦĴ֮ʹνӵʱ÷Ʊ
ҰŴĹǲǾͳɹˣ
ˣͼ
ҹδ̧Ŀŵڶͼȥľ罫ϣԶ޸ķƼסҪٵͷաڶͼϸһ飬ֵڶͼԶ޸ķźܴĲͬ
βǼ⣬ǴӲ־Ųͬ
ҹδֽĿ˵ͼɫһ
ͼͲ޸ͼһķڵͼġ£ҹδ벻òٴεͷۿڵͼģȻһһӦշֵͼķڲҲŲСĲͬ
ҹδиֳһ²⣬ΪͼӦþǸķڷơҹδڻЩƣǸһָоǵͼҪȷϵķƸ˳ۣһȻĸо
ͬǣڶͼҪȵһͼ˳ȻһͼҪԶ޸ķ˳Ȼ
ҹδĿڵĵһͼϡ
ڶͼ͵ͼϵڵ޷ճڶͼ˵ͼˡ
ֻеһͼȫԼȥտֻ̻ǸĶǾŴ󼴿ɡ
ʡʱʡ
ҹδϸعۿһͼȻŹ̨ϵķоһˢպź֭ŴĨȥȻ̵ע뵽̵ڣʼ̻ơ
ʧܣ
ʧܣ
ʧܣ

ҹδ³һƵʱѾԤϵЩѾ󳬹Լյ֪ʶԼֻèֻǾŴ󡣵ȴû뵽ĶĻҪѡ
ռѾȥĸСʱҹδǿľʼоЩͦסˣ̫Ѩͻͻšؿ̻գΪ֪ǾΨһᡣ
˻
ʧ˼ʮΣΨһһο̻һʣһƽڵԭеķӵһ
ûС顱һ
ҹδЩ㱵Ź̨ϵķڡ
ǳɹˣ
һΣ
̨ϵķָֻԭеģҹδһú֭ĨƽŴȻſ̵ʼտ̻
ٶȿ࣬ǰһεĳɹ˳ֻ࣬ǾŴ󣬲ӣҹδͽһʣŵضŹ̨ϵķڡ
ûб
ûС顱
ɹ
̻ϣҲ
ҹδشռڳʱĴٵ˻ҹδߵ̨ԣ뵽ռһ̡ٴʱ뿪ⷿŻʮףȴͻȻվסΣ̧ͷңգ˫ĿЩʧ
û˷ڣ޳Ҫ١
Ҹô죿
ô죿
ǶʮʦͷҲҶվ˴ٵһſźӶͷп־壬֪᲻ᱩŭ
ⷿڡ
ܰûиоκβͬĸоУҹδǸովڹ̨ԣǸڣҲһ˫ͭĴۣŷڡ
ʱҹδ̧˹̨ϵһСˢӣܰ˫ţҹδ룬ɫһ䣺
δ룬㡭ɫôô԰ף𣿡
ҹδҡҡͷҡ
Ȼ㽫еСˢպһԴΪԶ׼ĺ֭ʼĨƽǷϵľŴ
ܰһŴϳϲãδ룬ҪҪ޸ڣҾ֪а취ȴŻʵң
ҹδ־Ͳһ


14 ɳʼ
ԭ֪ռȡõЧʵǷЧû
죬ң
ŶܰӦһ͡
ҹδܿĨƽ˾ŴķƣȻ˹̨ϵķƵŷƵڹעԴʹ֪ΪԼľĹԵʡǣȴϢ˷û뿪ⷿǰ޸ڣһϳȥҲû˻ᡣ˵ܹ޸ڣҲû˻
˻˻˻
ҹδķƵڷСؿ̻ȫע
һĨƽĵطһƳ֡
һ
ǿʼνӺͷϷƵĽڵ㡣
ҹδѾ˺ˮεδصڷϡ
һʣ
ҹδŷƵŷڡ
ʱһȥ
һ룬룬롭
ûС顱
ûб
ҹδоԼһѣǰһжû

Ƶ䣬˵ϡʱԴ죬ĹԴһһʹһģҪˤ
δ룡ܰı۰סҹδ룺ôˣŻң
ĸ磬ȥ
˭
ܰڼ֮䣬ҹδĶԼںεأǴɤſǷſ˺˵ǾⷿʮĴˣⶼվʧĸٱ˼ǴӴŷڵĿⷿڴһ˲䣬жɱģ
˭棿ץ

ڿⷿƫͼͳ˽ȥȻ󡭡
顭
Ӱʹڵ˳ˤ˵ϡǳȥǼ
ⷿڻŴ򶷵Ǹƫںܰ
ƫΪܰԣܰȴƫһһʱ֮䣬ȻʤʱҹδҲܰס֡ƫһ֣ܾܰͣܿͱƫɱˡ
ټԼıսȥͱ˳ŭ⡣
ȥһƮͽ뵽֮ⷿС
Ȼֳ죬֪ҹδܰΪʲôڿⷿڡ
ס֣кһ
ǸƫƮˣܰҲͣҹδ뵲һ˫۽Ǹƫ
ҹδ룡ϴŭ⣬칻ˣΪʲô˭ĵӣ㡭
ˣ޺ˣ
Ĵбŭûҹδ˵ʲôһӰһ߹˹ȥվ˹̨ԣĿ˷ϡ
ಡ
һӰ˽ʮ׵ľ룬֮£ҹδСҲ
޺ˣ
ţ
ǼٲţﻹèץƵ׷˽һһʣڿⷿը졣
νˣ
ûб
޸𣿡
һƬž
п֣пŵ
ʮУǷʦȻҲϵķƣǺҹδһоڷϵķ˳Ȼࡣ
֮ǰǿԶ̻ˮ̾ǺڷϵķȣƺȻ˳ࡣ
⡭ѵ޸ڵһʦ
ҪԶˮƽߵĴʦ
ⷿѻȸ
֮󣬴̧ͷҹδ룺˭޸ģ
ظң
ٻĿһţ뵽ҹδ룬Ϊ֮ⷿǰֻҹδܰԡ
ܰǸȻǣ
˾ֻܹҹδˣ
ǣҹδ׿ڳϣл𾪲ѡ
СһѾͷ޸Զ޸˵ķڣ
ôٵҲϣҹδ޸˷ڣֲš
ܰʱΧڹ̨ΧһʦΪʲôҪôνӣЩΥƳ
оһ
ԣٿƣνӣΥƳķֱǡ֣һʦ
һϲ
ⲻܣ
һͷ׷ʱȫ΢΢
ЩףеķΥƳνһȴȻ
һԵĴиǳͣվ֪ԡȻͷҹδ룬ٿЩķʦһͷ
ٵİɣ
ΰɣ
죡Ȼȵⷿ˲ž
ңָһʦھû޸
Ǹʦԥһ£ֵظҲ֪
˵ָһʦ
ظҡ֪Ǹʦ߲ѡ
˵
˵

һʮȻûһ֪ɫϣŭ
һȺ
һʦСؿڵҪԣ
һˣ
ڣǸƫӦ
ŷǽϡ
ǣ
ܼң
ү
ȥʦȥǽϡ
ǣ

Զšüϣһ裬˼Լ޸ھĶѾЩʱˡ


15 кδ
ϻһˣĵܵܣȴһʦһʿʱŲ豭Ÿڤ˼룬΢΢ҡͷа
ô޸ģҲֻлҲܹ޸ˣ
ͻȻйܼҽүܼˡ
Զ΢΢һüͷȻһܼҷȴܲٵӣ㵭˵
ɡ
㣬ܼұ˽
ԶʦܼҲ˿ʩ
ʦҼүȥǽ
ԶĿɻ󣺡ΪΣ
޸˷ڣȴȷǷ޸ˡҪڶǽԣҼүȥ
޸˷ڣԶ˫ţλʦ
ǣܼæҡͷá
ãԶһ˿ŭ䣬òᳬʮɣ
޸˷ڣ
Ϸ𣿡
ԲǣܼҡͷҼү
˵ˣԶˮת渮Ȼܹ޸ڣֺαͷȥϷϲˣ
ʦ
ߣԶȻȡ
ܼΣ¶ɬ
Ƿʦʿƾһ֮նħҲֻһ֮¡һʦȴһȺʿȷ˵̻һǴ󣬱㶥ǧʿ˵з
رԶִʦҪ֣ɲһܼܹġΨʩһ˳˷ţ̾ϢһŶǶȥ
žԶϵĲ豭ˤ˵ϣ̫
һԵ¾ȰֳˣϾǴһ֮
ΣԶڵվһʮŮң
˵Ů޸˷ڣţ
޸ڣҰѷڶˡ
䡭
һڴϿ𵴡
ԶӾһӷеת¾ܣ
¾üǷڵ
Եķ򣿡
¾ֳһ˿ǡ
ǡ
ǽ֮ϡ
һƬټ˫ֲḧŷڣ޺ˣ޺ˣ
ҹδϸֳϲɫһɣαһҡΣź浹ȥܰһ˻ŴɤŻ
δ룡δ룡
ɫһ䣬ҹδǱ⣬еϣҪˡһѾվҹδǰҹδɫ԰ףѾ˹ȥָҹδϣһԶܰԵ
۹ȣ
δӹܰԵǵ
֪
ʲôˣ
Ԫʿһҹδ֪״ȡһŵҩҹδ£Ȼȡһѽ룬ָ
ಡ
ܿ죬ҹδʮ룬ָһָ絯һϡ
ˡ
ǵҩתһ˿˿ʱų⡣
зӰһ˽²һƬ⣬ͬһƣȴһŷһ˽ȴԶ¾ֵܶˡ˳ǽ֮ϣԶĿһʱŷϣͽüͷһüͷɿֳȻ֮ɫȻֽüͷ
һСʱ󣬴һץʮ㱻ץСҹδҲһоԼòͬ
֮ǰĸоǴʱȴоԼδйĺãƺʹ΢֪һ£ɾ
Ҵ徳һˣ
ģܰԴһϲ
ҹδɲ԰׵֪ȻҹδΪҹδĵľȴûеõָŰѾ֪ҹδӹǾȻʱҹδѹִҹδȷһ¡

ʱԶɫأС˴ǰ
λʦˣǻҵĴʦԶݼ
üͷвϲԶĲòûԼæ
Ȼ󡭡
Զˣֻؿһҹδ룬ȻҲһüͷ
ʲô˼
һСѾͷΪڣԼǸԼѿ
Ϊ˴ʦҪԼˣ
ǴʱèץƵģҪ֪λʦҲ̷ûпĵط
һСѾͷԳ֣չ˾ˡ븮֪λʦںδϷҲȥݼ
üͷȴΪԶΪҹδ롣
ҹδӹȷʵܲ˸úҩҲѻָĵر
ҪѰĵرҲ


16 
̾ϢһѹеȻڵҹδ˵һ
зˣԶǷˡǻҲƷ˾ڴȻҲƷ˾˵ҵƷ˾˼ˣǲ˵ġһֱż沢ˣȴ죬Ҳǳǿ󡣽Ʒ˾ֲԼʡƷܷ˵ĳ⡣ٷҹδһϵǾܹƷ˾쵽һµĸ߶ȣҲԹʵݡ
ֻû뵽ҹδѾ˵˸ٶ̾ϢһԶ
ûʲôĴʦλŮ޸˷ڡ

ԶȻ𷽲ŸܼȥԼϣ˵޸˷ڣܹţ
±Щ
δ룡ҵİƺɣϴº͵Ц
⣡
ҹδܰԵĻվÿλȥ˵ٵӢ䡣ҲȥηԼסĻηķ֪֮Է飬İֻԼǵĻ̫
ϵЦݸʢδ룬޸𣿡
ҹδ룬ԼǲܡֻǸԶľŴ󣬾ͲԼ޸һŷڣеľҡҡͷ
ܣҵľ
бһô޸ŷڵģ
ҹδ뿴һԶֻǴѧһڿⷿʱҿʦ޸ķƣоŴ˳ۣȻ㰴Լ˳Ȼ뷨̻û뵽޸ˡ
Զֳ֮ɫڻǷϵķƣɲԼĿ̻ģֻǱĶ˾Ÿط
ѵѾͷǷţ
ʱٳȥָϣδ룬ͬʦ޸ڣȻǷܹ
һԵԶһˣĲУ
ʲô޸ȻѾͷ
ĺѧҵҪʦһ㡣
ʱͷߣǷǷϵľŴȴͣߡȴԼһɡ
ҵҪѾͷǲܹ޸ҿ̻ķ
»˷ţ
ңţ
ֻӣųĬǣԼһҪȸ֮ŴӦϷʲôˣ
ǸСѾͷֵ
ȻתԶʦ޸ڡ
ã
Զѿڶһڣ޲øԼһ⣬ԼǶ
Ҫȸ룬ôôʹӦˣ
ˣҹδڵľûлָ
ԣһĶͷϷˣҹȻȥϢ޸
У̽ųúչδͱδ룬δ£ͷ
Զֱӡ

Լ˴ֵѧͽˣҹδ˵ʲôʲôȫԼ̬ȣ
Ϸ򻹲ˡˣ죬ҾԲΪѾͷܹĴ󣬽żȻϹèӣ
ǡ
ǾŴĵǺð
ܹۿһģǾ̫ˣ

ҹδѾϴ裬˸Ϊѡ·ڸ˵ͬ³緹
鷿ڡ
ٶڴٵǰٳһ
ܹ£ȫá
ã
Ȼ̧ͷ¶֮ɫԺлطҹδ뿪ηıӰ
ҹδתͦأ̧ͷɢŵıӰڶߵ
ﰲס취
δ취ˣ
䶯һº᣺δʲô
޸˷ڣ
ͣ¶Сͷ
ʲôûصһۣ뵽ҹδ˵ľûлָ
δõĺֹ
Сáδû
ûĿ¶ΣյĹâ
û
һһʮؽҹδ˵һ顣ˣҹδ󻪵ʷҲûйֻųɾžûлʮ꣬ҲػԣҹδͻȻͺˣҲΪ⡣뻽
ܼң
үܼҳſڡ
ȥ
ܿ죬Ʒ˾ߣƷʦ԰߽鷿ʩ
԰ݼˡ
ȥδƷ˾õľڸδ롣
ǣ

ڣ
վߵǰϳһ飬Ӹ
ǴõĴ幦㽻δ룬
лˣؽӹǱ顣
ܼң
ڣү
ɸӺ͵ʦøδԵҩ鲻ܲסطʳҩʳδӡɹȥѾ߷̡
ǣү
ȥɣ
͹ܼҶߵſڣ԰վɫһ
ǲԸƷ˾Ĺˣ


17 칤ʶ
԰ҡͷظǡֻ룬ҹδǵõķţǲܹƷ˾ɱ÷˵˸ˡ
ϱ¶Цݵȥδ뾫ΪʲôȻѧƷ˾ĹƷ˾ˣǱˣ
ͺãͺã԰ϲЦտ
ٵķѾȥҹδĺܴһֱҼȻܹ޸ڣԼҲӦû⣬ɳ֮£ɵ˯һ˼ٵĽŲһ
δ룡
磡
ҹδڵվ˷ǰƿ˷ţΰվ⣬վżˡɾϲ
磬ųˣ
ҹδ԰׵ɫ۾һ죬ҹδͷ
δ룬ˡ
ҹδҡͷռеĿ࣬۾Ҳɷ졣
ҹʦĹܼ
ҹδɫһæֵ壬ɲôƺ
ôңܼЦʦ޸˵ķڣ޸ˣ㲻Ǵʦʲô
û޸ֻǡҹδһСͨ졣
ܼҿҹδ벻٣ҲЩΪѣ֪Ӧγƺҹδ롣΢˼һµ
ǾͳƺŮΪɡ䣬Ҳҹδܾҹ˸רΪ㰲һӺһʦӽ͸㣬ΪӣѾ߻չ㡣
䣬ת׶ĸ˵ҹ
ǣĸӦǣȻҹδʩ񣺡ҹ
ҹδ뿴һ۹ܼңֳΣ񡣡
ܼٶʩ˼£ū͸ˡ
л壡
˹ܼң԰ӭ˷䣬ǸʦΪҹδȻǸȥ˿ԺסѾѾΪҹδ룬԰ò裬ҹδĿⲻ԰Ѿܣ԰ʲô
δ룡԰Цӻȡһ鼮ϣƵҹδǰڸ㾫ڷԺٽڱضԴİɣ
ǣҹδͷ
ʱѵ״̬ȸ㽲һ飬һţһ߳в׵ĵطʱҡ
ҹδ뼱æվʩ񣺡лǰ
㿴ˣ
԰ϥϣһơҹδҲѧ԰㿪ʼϸؽ
Ȿ칤ǴƷ˾Ʒߵҹδ밴԰Ľ⣬ʼ
أһ˿˿˿˿кտʼֻһ˿˿Ȼһƣ뵽ʶǻԴ㿪ʼһ˿˿
ҹδǲ԰׵ɫһ˿˿úΣ԰۾ɷ
һЧ
ҹδҲǳֹϾﻹ԰ˡԼӣͣ԰ʩл԰º͵
ȸ㽲ЩĻʽѾաԺһЩɡϷȸˡ
ͷǰˣ
ҹδ԰ȥһߣһʵĵأ
ȥǰԷôʱûлҹδЩܰԴ
ʱ򣬱ܰԵľ޴ΣӰĴһ۾Ϳ˵˹
磬ųˣ
Ҳ˵ӭȥֵһȭһȭҹδЦվͬһʢ
һֵ§˻ӻȡһ飬ݸδ
δ룬ǸҴúв׵ĵطҡȥĵܷϴ裬ηڹ˼죬Ӷˡ
ţ
ҹδֽӹǱ飬һϲõصͷܰԽ˸ڷ䣬ҹδȸԾػصԼķ䣬û£¡
ϣϵ顣
һ칤һ
Ǳ칤ڵԴһ֪ռܹƷԼϰʱռ˽ܡ֪ռܲ
ֳڴ
칤ֻʮҳ
ҹδܿͿһҳһҳʱ򣬱㾲ȡ
Ȼ󡭡
ûж
ȥ
ҹδ뵽ռڣɶҲûУûй̨û칤
ôûأ
ܹôˣ
ҹδʧ˳ռ䣬˼һ
Ҳռֻܹɣ
ˣԼɡ
԰֮ǰĽ⣬ҹδѾֽܹ칤һ飬ϥ˴ϣ


18 
˻˻
һ˿˿ӿҹδʶоϲĹվٶٱ֮ǰ屶
ֻǲһӵʱ䣬ԴҲûһ˿Ҿһ˿˿֮С˵ǣԼʱҲûԼڵһ˿
һСʱҹδչһ۷䣬ڿһˡ΢ĺ֪Ѿվ⡣´ٴԡ
֨ѽ
淢Ѿ߼æƿţС㣬ʲôԸ
ûУȥЪŰɡҹδ
ѾذѷŹϣ˫ϵ
Ȼҹδ뿴֮ҹδһڣȻռû˿Ӧûи˿
ռҲֻܹˣ
ҹδʧ̾Ϣһ߳˷䣬Ժ˼ơ
һʽǱԨ
ֻһʽʹ˴룬оܲס㲻ȣͨһˤ˵ϡ
С㣡Ѿ߼æ˹

Զ˴ЦˤڵϵҹδתͷȥȴԼĸûûεشЦһߴЦһ߹
δ룬òԣԲˤӡǱԨôģ㡣
ʱҹδѾѾ߲ü
˼ƣһʽǱԨ㼫ʹ˳Ȼ󱣳ƣתͷҹδ
δ룬𣿡
ҹδȻǿͷ飬ÿһ鶼ֽ⶯ҹδϸ͡ҹδԼѧˣҲԣʾѾɿȻĶ
ǱԨ
ȻʹһģһֻûǱԨơԵõЦ
δ룬ôָúðɣһָ㣬ͻˡ
ԶԶԣӢˡ
ǣҽڶʽ
ҹδҲظһ飬ӵһʽʽ˵ʽȥˡ
ַסҹδ룺δ룬ҪǿȽһʽʽˡǸʱĽҲˣҲǿˣȻܹʽˡ
лл硣
ҹδһ¶ͷϵĺˮˣ컹Ҫ޸ڡɣ˯һ
ա
ҹδҲǰ֮ʱûģѾ߷̸ϴ˳Ӻ͵ʦҩţоȺģ֡ܰԵͬ£Ŵȥ
Χûˣҹδ磬ѾҲˣһʦǲЩˣ
ҡͷǸʦǸģֻһոͻƵʦƷʦʦ󣬵ҲҪʲôƷʦͱʦһ㣬ʦ֣ǸҲҪ֡һķʦ˵ɱҲɱˡ
ҹδüΪʲôôã޸ֲȫҵĹͣųɹҪʦϡ
ҵǾþųɹҪϡû㣬ʦ޷޸ڡУӦǿʺ츳鷿Ʒ˾δ룬ҾӦھҪʼ˼ˡ˸Ʒ˾ҲܹгһգҵıҩָԼȥң̫ѣ
ҹδͷֳЦݣԭίһѧϰĵطƷ˾ܹѧɣ
ȻܣҶƷ˾ҲǺ˽⣬ǿ϶ܹѧѧãڷ
ͺã
ҹδվҲһʮĺӣԼԸٺֱ֡
ܰҲΪҹδˣҲβסϲɫһ˰˸ӵˣ֮һŸȥٻǺܳȣǴȴյҹδĸǰѹд˿˿ǵ
δ룬а𣿡
ҹδҡͷ֪
β֪мˣ첻޸𣿡
ҹδ͵ÿһŷڱ𺦵ĵطͬ޸һţȴ֪ڶŷ𻵵ĵطܷ޸СҲ֪ʦ޸ڶŷڵʱ򣬻СС
ˣҹδ˼ǣԶ޸ڶŷڵʱ򣬲֪жٴˣҹδҲδܹ
ⲻн˵ĶԻɫǵȻ
δ룬ͺá
ǣ
߳˸ţܰҹδһ˱ſⷿȥ˿ⷿǰԶһڷʦѾˡ˱ֺ߽ţ˴ŷڵĿⷿڡ
ʱⷿڻŷڣб̧һŷڣ˹̨ϡ˶ԶԶعۿ̨ǰֻˡ
Զҹδ롣


19 ȥ
ǴٺʹУ԰Ҳ΢뿪̨һЩ룬ŵԶ
ҹδĿ˷ϣС嵽һ
Ȼ𻵵ĵطŷڲһ
Զʱʮרעȫŷ𻵵ĵطõĵطʼ𻵵ķ͹켣ҲһԼ޸ķƣȻһСѾͷŴ
ضٳ
Ŷ
ض̫ܳ
ضܳŸ
ԶоԼеңŷϵķЩģһϾǴʦ˲侲һƬ뵽רע֮С
ҹδվһЩģַϵķƣĿҲķԼľһá
ֲҶҿشʦԶͲˡѾǴ徳һأ˯һþ嵹Ƕס
һվһСʱԶһͬľʯΧҲҳҹδȶֿʼˡ죺
զأʲôʱǸͷ
Զڶˣʼú֭Ĩƽڵ𻵲֣Ȼ̵ʼ¿̻ҹδ뾫һĿȥ
Ӻ󡭡

ҹδˣ
ģ̧ͷЩʦһȻؿԶ޸ڡЩʦܰԲվš΢΢ܰһǷһǷҹδĿʱ򣬲˼ץץԴæĿԶҹδĿȥ֮󣬱ִһĹǷ
ҹδĿʹٵĿڿײٵĿԥһ£ȻСҹδŵߵ˴ǰ
¶
𣿡ٷŵʵ
ҹδҡͷ
ٵоʾ˳ʧܿȥҹδԭͲֻǱܵȥ޸ġбֳָϣҲº
ˣ
ţҹδʵͷ
ٵȻҹδţһָҹδأԴʹһо˳ȥܿһӷҹδǰº͵
Ъ
ҹδæ֣ȴһֻ֣ҹδ밴£
Ҫ
ҹδлȵ
硣
Զͣ˿ֳ̻֮ɫҹδ޸ĵĵһŷϣҲõһЩоӦòҪҹδ޸ˣԼܹ޸ˡתͷԱȥҹδ벻ˣĿһתҹδ뾹Ȼһ˯ˡɫһʱѾ
ʦ޸ˣ
Զûжٺɫͷʣ·νˣھνӡ
ҹδ˯ĺɫһڣĻβ⣬һԻὫ޸
ɫһϲĿǰΪֹԶҲҹδ롣ҹδǾײˣԶȴı¡Ŵٿʼνӷƣٷ˺гڴҲܵط˺гֳһ˿˿رЩʦɫһ˿˿죬ڼ֤һ漣

ҹδ˯ĺܵͣᡣڴʱžĿⷿڣȴԵ
飡
ҹδһ飬˯оѡ
Щʦһ𾪣ٺʹʧԶϴһ˿ɥһ˿Իһ˿ʡ
νʧˣֱˡ
ôˣҹδЩ˯Ժˡ
ˣ
û˵ܰԺһɤӣԶɫѿٴʱѾ飬תͷҹδ
δ룬
ŶŶ
ҹδ˹̨ǰԶǿסԼ飬ҲҪҹδܲҳ̻Ĵ󣬳˵һߡ
ҹδĿ˹̨ϵķڣȻ뵽ռ䡣
ռڡ
ѾһһģһĹ̨̨ϰڷǸڣԱߵһһģһĹߡ
й⻪ɨڣȻĶгͼһͼԶ޸ķΪһͼɿռ޸һͼȫڵķơ
ҹδ뵱ȻѡһͼϸԶ޸ƶԱȣֻǾŸȻδ֮ǰĴͬ΢΢ҡҡͷ
Զûɶ
ҹδ뿪ʼˡ
ʧܣ
ʧܣ
ʧܣ

ϾҹδֻèڷƵûдﵽڵĸ߶ȣ֪ĶҲֳɵġȴɲϵʧܡ
ȶǿɡ
ȶǿɡ
ϡ
Щʧܵأһ죬ᵼʧܡ
ҹδһ޸ڰʮŴ޸ʱڳɹˡ
ûгȥ޸ΣȫɹһĲŰ
ⷿڡ
ҹδһ£ٺԶһ㶣סҹδĸ첲סΣĿȻҹδɫһ䡣ҹδɫΪ԰ףͷϻ˺ˮʱԶҲҹδɫ״𾪣
⡭͸ոտһ۷ڰɣôزĵأ


20 ش
ҹδһߣסҹδ룬۾졣
СΪң
ǵı󣬸Ϲ̧ܰһĴ֣һѴŴŵᡣ
δ룬㡭ٴʱҲֳԥ֮ɫ֪ǷӦҹδ
û£
ҹδ΢΢ҡͷڵԴѾ΢΢Щʹǻܹ֡Сˢӣպź֭ʼĨƽϵĴ
Զ˫۷˸Ųá
Źȥ˶ã
һ
ͿҵĴˣ
ϴӦϹè˰ɣ
ԶǷһ˿
ٵɫҲܲÿ϶ֳ֮ɫʱڿⷿڵļʮˣܰԣûһɫÿģûһҹδġֻпҹδ޸ڵܰԣһŴһȻ
ҹδСˢӵʱԶɫ͸ÿˡ
Ŵ
ǾŴ
ɣǹ⳰
ɳסΪһʦǸеġ
һжȽ֮˵
ⷿѾ˽ԽԽ
Ŵ
ǾŴ
ôŴ𣿡
¾ǻеĴʦʦҲô̵ʱҳŴɣ
˼ҹδҲû˵ԼǷʦֻ˵Щط˳ۣȻ
㿴ǾŴȻ𣿡
ңǺǡû¶˵Ҹ
Ǿҹδɹ𣿡
֪ҾҪܹɹЩ̫Ϸˡ

ܰԷŭصɴӣһһȥЩˡЩλ
е˸ᣬе˻ܰ¶Цݡ˽ﲻϷŴ֮Уҹδ˿̵
͡
̻۷׷׵˲侲ֹÿ˵Ŀⶼ˷ϡǶôҹδ룬Ƕôļҹδ룬ҲҹδԼγԼǷʦֻƾűܸо
ǣ˼Ҿƾűܸоһŷ޸ˣ
ǵ˲òԴĵҪҲ÷ŵҹδ޸ʧ֮
ԣÿ˵Ŀⶼ档رԶǧ㲻֮ĸоȴκ˶רע
Ȼ󡭡
ˣ
ǴʦҪǶʮʦࡣ
ҹδ޸һ֮ǶʮʦֻǸоҹδ̻ķƺ·𡭡Ҫ˳ࡣ
˿˿ۡ
ǣķȴ
Զͬ
оһɴڱҿһǣһ˿硣
۾иַ֪ʶһʣ˼תģһĺӶͷ䡣
ǶʮʦɽĿԶȻͿԶרעɫͶͷϵĺˮһвһĿٴ˷ϡʱҹδѾʼ̻ڶطķơ

Ƕʮʦ
ԶҲиоԼֻһ˿ܹһ˿ԭأľ˽ꡣ
ҹδɫӵĲ԰ףԶɫҲӵز԰ףڼľǶʮʦɫȴʼ죬ΪҲûоģȴϵĽ
ҡôͿ
ٺʹиΪͲǵȴԽԽڴΪǴԶɫϿʲô
еҹδ룬ʱֻҹδǲ԰׵ɫֻжԼԼһҪδģȴû뵽δԼ
ֻܰһ⣬ɨЩʦҲ֪ʲô޸Ƶġ
һСʱҹδ޸һķơ
ʱ˶ס˺ΪҶ֪ǳɹķνӡԶʱҲ˼оҹδķƣҲ¶һ˿ڴ
ʱеĲźͼ˺ܶ࣬ȴ˲ٵڴΪԼԼܹһЩžЩƣҪ֮ǰȻࡣ
δ𡭡
һκˮҹδϵ䣬ڷϣÿ˵඼ɾһ
ʵ̫ˣ
͡
һˣһϡ
һơ
е˶Ǵٶ֪ս˫ȭг˽źڴ
ˡ
һνϣڵķƿʼһһȦȦĩŶкȥȻָֻ˹ӵģ
ⷿھġ
Ūҹδ붼Щţط¿̵ЩãȻˡ
Сеʵɹˣ
ҹδҡҡͷ֪


21 Ǵǰʶ
Щ£Ҳ֪ҹδ˵ʵܰȣһ˹֣Щ˵
ɹɹԲ֪ˣ
ԣپһ̰˿ʼڡ
һСʱڴϿ¡¡죬ǽһƬ
ҹδڴԵͬ£˳ʯףųȥԶ첽˹
ҹδ룬ʽˡ
۾΢΢һУǷЦһԵ԰ǰһҹδԶ
ʦδѾƷ˾ˡ
ģԶšüͷ
ҶѾڸˣ˵ļٵģ
ҹδ룡Զ˵ڷϵ츳ƽģӦ֪̣ǱȲ˵ġ˻õĴкõԴңֻмˣŲ˷츳
˵ʲô㣿԰һǷ΢һЩԴǿǷãȷûпЦ
ûпЦԶЦǷ˵ԴǺͷõñȲˣķãǺǡ
԰֮Աǣδ츳Ȼص
ǺǡԶЦ⻰ʹ𣿡
ٵɫһ䣬԰ɫԶɫҹδ
δ룬֮ǰȴ˺ͷõӣи˺ͻ֮һЩ顣
ˣٺȵ
ǺǡԶȡһƿݸҹδĹ󣬲ټ޸ˡһ񵤣Իָĵľ
ҹδ벢û֣΢΢ҡͷûԶĶ
ٵʦǸС
ԶŴٲһЦȻº͵ؽƿҹδУմ޸ķջ࣬лȻûϵͳѧƣ츳ܱȡԸ⣬ʱңһ֪ķޱشڸ㡣ȻȥϢɡ
䣬ԶɴȥںĴٺ԰ٸ԰ʹһ԰ѸٵطӦ˹ҹδ
δ룬ȻȥϢһһȥ
ҹδ԰ƣֳ˿ĵЦݣллϡ
ҹδҡ
ҹδڵϢָ칤£ĵľʼһָ
䡣
ܰϣѾ߶˳ȥ
ʱһȥĶͻȻ˶ȻվܰԵ
˭Ҳý
ţܰԵ˵Դ
߽ңŷϡϥڴϣոյϢϵҹδ뿴Ķ
磿
һӣҹδĶ档
δ룬ˣ˴ģʮ㣬ЩҪ㡣
ҹδĿһ󡣡
ɫȻѹδ֪Ǵ󻪵Ļʵ۰ɣ
ţҹδͷ
֪Ѿܾòܳ𣿡
ţ
ҹδͷһĴﵽ۶񣬲ѾܣڰɽǵҹδҲ˵
ϿѾˣʮһΪͻƣѰ䡣󻪾Ÿ˾Ǳ°˸ү򣬵ʮ꣬λүģʵǻϲɡ
ԭڳΪ࣬ŴȰϣȴϸϳ˳ã򷢵Ϊ
֮Ȩ㳯ҰˣһǵʺһǴ̫֣Ρ
֣ΣΪӭʥ⣬Ĵѹ챦ΪĴѰʿ֮ϰӿ˸ͬ緢Ļɽ
ѾʼЩ˸үˡ
ü޳˵û˷ڣʹԮүضᷢԮڣԮԮҲŸԵ˼
Ѿ˼գ޸飬ôûм֣ҹδֵʵ
ܵ͵˵ǺأҼĴࡣǴľȨȴץУҲǴΪߵˣ˵Ѿʼڣֻǲ֪˼ֻһЩľڴС
ϾԳãΪ࣬Ǽɵ¸ǻġԶԸҲ䵭
Ͳ޳֮£
˼һҡͷ֪ˣƲⲻҪ֪ľغܲáϲϲɵڼз棬Ҳ֪ʲôʱ򣬾в֮·ȻȨڴУƷ˾ȴڸ
ҸһЩֶΣƷ˾ڸУգǼ͵۶Ʒøѿ
ԣδ룬ҪúÿǡƷ˾Ǽ˸ӪܴԴδҲԵ۶ʹΣաˣԴʹжҪƷ˾úܶࡣ
޸˷ڣǷġ˷ˣҲ㲻顣
ԣҿ˶޺
ҹδɫһ㣺磬֮ǰ㲻ǻȰҼƷ˾𣿡


22 ȴǼԵ
ҡǸʱǲ֪Ҳ
ҹδ봹Ŀ˼вɿЦٿ²˻ϣ˻ʺ֣Ρֵõļɵ治ּ֪зôڵģ
ԼҪ˻Ʒ˾
˵ûԼˣӵ˳Ȼĵλ
˶Ժǿһȫѡ
ǣԼ˷ˣô죿
ܹΣ֮һǻ֮ˣ٣Ʊǣ硣
Լ޸ڣԼΣǶҲʧˡ
뿪
ҹδ̾ϢһԸǲġĴ󣬻ٻ˷ڣٶҲ御£̬ȣԸԲᱳ롣ʧȥ˴ٵΣԤԺӵĿƺͼѡ
ԼһͶ磬ȴŪһ顣ҪԼæջҪԼѡ
ð
ҹδӴƿ˴ϦĲк죬̾Ϣһ
䶯˶δ룬ˡѡˣͲҪ˵Ĵڡ
䣬˳ȥͬʱҹδҲ߳ңܰѾ˴ţҹδ˹ֵ
ˡ
԰Ϳ֮󣬴ڿҹδ룬ҹδͷ̾Ϣһܰ뿪ܰԵ
ôˣ磬̾ʲô
԰۾΢΢һУϼ޻ֻ΢һͷһţɫҲδ룬Ը븮Ʒ˾
Ը⣡ҹδûаԥ
֪ѡζʲô
֪һЩ
ã
԰ֳЦݣϵõһҹδһƣжʮһڷ鼮Լʲô׵ĵطʱҡ
ǣлˡ
Ⱥ˵˵Ҷڷ⣡԰滺ҿﶼзƹɣɽǧ飬ֻͬԣҽľ绮Ϊ
һ磬ɽɽˮˮ
ڶ磬ɽɽˮˮ
磬ɽɽˮˮ
ҹδšüͷ
԰ֳ֮ɫ
ţҹδֳ֪
Ҽֽ⣬һ磬ͨˣ߳ѧߵľ硣ǿɽɽˮˮǿֻɽˮı󣬶ɽˮ⣬ҲֻǱҲֻıһûʲô˵ģľ硣ҲĹ̡
ڶ磬Ƿʦľ磬ʦľ磬ָ󲿷ַʦָĿɲǷʦƷʦʦʦΪķǳ㣬溬С硣
ɽɽˮˮôǿʲôδ룬أ
ҹδ˼Ƭ̣ѵǡ
ž԰ͣǷﶼǷƹɣǷʦ޵ĴشҲǿ͸شУܹ
ȷ˵򵥵Ļûз֮ǰǿҲֻһ򡣵˷ǿľͲǱеĻ򣬶ǻڵķƹɣҲǿ˻ڵķƹɣǲܹƾһ֧ʣһŷֽһŻ
ʱǷʦǻѾǻΪ͸󿴵˱ʣǿǷơ
ǿɽɽˮˮΪǷʦУɽˮ飬ֻǱͬʵĶһġ
еŶҹδץץԴڣô˵ɽˮǷƣ
Ȼ԰һ
ǵأ
ɽɽˮˮѾܹϣ⶯֮䣬ɽ顣
ҹδгˣΣǲǣ
԰ֳΣûҾǸ磬еࡣ
ǡǴ˭ﵽ磿
԰ɫӵΣҲû
Ҳûҹδ벻
ȻҲû԰Ҳֱ׳Ǹô״ﵽ𣿡
ҹδ뻹Ҫſʣ㼱æֵ˽Щ磬ƾ׵ȿЩ鼮˵
ֿҹδ֪ʢĿ⣬æٴοڵٸ˵˵Ƿʦʿͬĵط
ҹδ̱ͣڵӺ飬˵Ѿ˸ԼĹģȻ˷
δ룬֪˸ǳѡʿ·һӼûпߵϸ硣

԰ҡҡͷͨﲻҲҪʧΪǷʦʿͬǷʦشӴ忪ʼһһǿֱʶ칤ƷʶĹ칤ʶҪؾŶ͡ؾŶ֮󣬾Ϳ蹬һ蹬Ϳþ壬Ϊ۶ʿ
۶ʿ


23 ԰ϸ˵
Ҳǣ԰ҡͷûӦöģҽ͸˵˵
ʿĵһ󾳽磬

ԣ
󾳽зֳɺܶС硣һ磬ڵĽ׶Σ徳徳оأأǿԳˡǵڶ磬ڡ
ܹҪʮÿĸѨΪһأʮѨΪءʮС֮ƣǳϳǵ磬ͨڡ
ʮҪչȥģָʮϣϹ壬߳Ϊˣ
ͨҪŶ;ΪҪҪӴھתͶȲֱӱѣҲͷˡÿһΪһأͨΪءÿһͣļͶȶᷢһʱ䡣ĳȻǿսʱ򣬱ȻǿʵҲȻǿ
ʮɾ״ͬһôڡС쾭γɣǵĸ磬ڡ
νڣתе̶ٵһ˱뵤˾ɣأ뵤ء
磬ǿʼһ֮Ϊ
һôֻɣû֦ôܹһ֦ͬ
ľˮӦθƢ
ûʲôȺ󣬿ʺԸȿĸĸԣأÿһΪһء
ο٣
ĸƢѨÿѨ㿪ٳһ
ȫҪ֮ǰСγһѭڣع鵤
һ磬Ԫ
񸮳Ԫʿ
ʱȫѨѿʮһҾ㶼ǳ֮ȫҪ֮Ѩ
磬ﵽһؿʼԽ񾳽硣ǵڶ󾳽硣
ҲֺܶС硣
һСڣʵҲǳѨϣֻγѨϡ˵ΪأաÿһϣͬһǣԽڡÿһѨǵһǡÿĿǣΪһأܹأʮǡ
ڶСڣʵҲǽʮѨϹͨʮһ㣬Գ֮Ϊڡ
ͬҪŶͣΪء
СΪϸڡ
οϸ
ʱʿͬһöѵĴֱͨ蹬£ͬһڣ·ֱͨ蹬ϡʱҪ蹬忪蹬ǿʶͬաȻʶڿϸΪϸڡ
Ͳ˵ˣ˵Ҳͽ⡣ֻҪ֪һ㿪ϸͿþ壬ͨѨϾͿˡ
ǡ޸˵ĸ𣿡ҹδڴʵ
ܣӵԪҲ۰롣ҲϾӵԪ
ˣлˣ
԰վȿ飬׵ҡ
ҹδҲվˡ
ˣҹδλص˷䡣ҹδһ£Ͷ
磬˵ɽɽˮˮɽɽˮˮɽɽˮˮ𣿡
ܰԴ۾·۾һȦһȦĶתš
δ˵Ķʲô
Źֵؿҹδ룺δ룬Ǵģ
ţǲģ
ģ
ҹδС졣
ҹδ뾪ȵģȻʧЦ˵ͳˡ֪ûƷ˾ġ
ҹδٴγԾ
ǺܾǰˣǸʱֻзˣ԰游ι˵Ǵ󻪷ߵķʦ
԰游һʱչس״񲣬Ϊ͸شУЦһӣ
ҹδ𶯲ѡ
ȴΪ԰游ʰ丸ʮ꣬Ŀݽ߶ΪʮУڷ˵ĵλ¡ӸǱżң߶ˣ볯ãƷ˾֮ʰ丸Уõ丸оɹǿɽɽˮ˭ɽɽˮˮɽɽˮˮ
游͸ףȰ³Ʒ˾ĿģҲǽ֮һо游͸׵ĳɹ
ǣķԴȴΪһЦ
ķʦȻ۶԰ΣʦûķʦҲ粻һ㡣
´ŭյƷ˾µְλҲա԰һȻû棬游͸ǰտ񣬵ȴɼ˵ֻ԰Ҫ֯ʦоȴҲû˸ߡ£зʦη֮绢
δ룬ǧҪ԰ȥоҵ


24 
ˣҹδͷ
һδ룬ڵĲѾˣȻ˺ǿѰܹ޸ĵرѧϰͳķͺáЩ꣬Ͷ㣬һֱΪĴѰ㼲ĵرȻѾˣôͶˡʱһ𡣡
˴Ͷ㡣ҹδȻȻֵͶ½ҹӥСӣ̳Ǹ־δؿϻͳĶ顣
һֱûпڵܰȴͶҾͼҹӥСӣͶ㡣
Ͻ
ȻǴȴ쳣̫¯һغ濾çɽǰո¹һ꣬ɽˮ˳ɽĶ΢
ȣﶼ󣬱ǳϡ˺ܶࡣ֦Ҷһ޾ɵģš
ƻʱ֣ȵŽɢȥѤãһƬϼ졣
çɽУһյأӲݣһһֻͱ죬ζɢ
Χжذиſõһ߳ԣһ̸߽š
ҹӥСӣΰһ֮ˣž䡣ž࣬磬ȴȻֱǺɣǹ⣬׳
磬ѾѰˣҲûҵǲݡϢɿ𣿡Ȼʵ
žһµ˵ǰ߼ƭҵġ
Ŵ磬һǲʲôɽʵǲݲһֶ𣿻ڱûǣһʿһˡ
֪žһ£̾ϢһҲ֪һСá
ţɵͷ˵Сǿ󣬲Ļʮꡣ
žɫȻ֮ǰҴһС÷ʳǲݡǲݶԱ˵ǶҩǶСȴҩСһûǣܾͲٱȡȻעǷˣȴܹȥ
ǹͷСԭҲ߲ûʲô𣬻ȥ׬
ǰž̾ϢȻһǸϽǴ󻪵Ľ򣬶ΪضֲĹͳ֮£Σأøλðˡ
׳ֵŴ˵ﻰҹӥСԭһ塣ǱϽҲջҩǻȥԻᷢһʡ
֮ҪСģž˵
ɫذһббҹӥСҲֹͣģž󱳿ֵڣµĸڲݵϣѾ
һԣžһƺ«׺һڣ͸߲Ҷ϶һǳǰ㱿ҹδ㲵ģ
δ룬һҵǲݣȥ
ҹɫʣּ佥
žβȴȻ˶䡣
OO@@
ϸžȻӵϰγʳͱͱ˯ĸˡĸ˷Ѿս˱ȴǺ¹໥񣬶Ѿ˸OO@@ǵֳ˽֮ɫΪʱϸ
Χˣ
žϢȻָһӽŲǸˣʵȻվǸǱйȥ
ԣ
һ죬һҲɫһ
ԡ
žε֧ʸ䣬ͷҲصصͺȵ壡
ҲвأȻӿٶȣżȶķĳȥ߲Ӱ£ͬƺ̡
ۡ
ս˲죬ž˱ͬһĵп˰Χһ棬͸ȥ
ಡ
ӿ֮ȻӾ硣
ԡ
һܼ죬һ֧֧ʸ͸ҹϮ
ҹӥСӷıӣڴ͸˰ΧȦ֮󣬱һߣعʱ·ɽ񱼡
Ǳӿ֮ȴԽԽ֮ԽԽܼԤʾŵڱƽ١
ߣžѹɽ֮󣬲Ҫͣ뿪Ͻش󻪡
أȻǡ
ֵһʱ䣬Ȼߡ
硭
ģһ¡еʱұԶݡɽܣֻҪߣץҡڰ֮󣬻һʱ䣬ܲҵǲݣǲҪң̷ش󻪡
˶Ŀ󣬼ȻѾ֣ͲܶһĿСҵΪҪҵҲѡ
ȻҹӥСӾͽˣһҪҹӥСӰȫشȥ
Ȼ˫Ŀᣬصͷã
δ룬һѻǲݴȥġ
磬ԼСģ
Ŵ磬أ
ȴǣ
칤ʶ

ȥ
ش
Ǵǰʶ
ȴǼԵ
԰ϸ˵



25 ϽԽͽ
ҹӥСӵ˶ǹ֮ˣ֪ʱžѡȷġԼ޲Ϊ׸
ಡ
Ȼ˿쭶ȥžٲתǰ壬ҹ繳
ۣ
һ˱ƶǡ

ܼɱ𣬳ʮϢʱ䣬һӰʮӰ׷ᡣ
ɳɳɳ
һӰȺ˵Ϸ̤ҹһԽ׷žһȺˣ˲Ϣ֮䣬׷ž䣬δϸеžֳ֮ɫһ
žһֻ˵ϣ˵
飡
һӡžǰء
ۣ
žſһѪˤ
̤
ӰּݵϣĿ˻ȥžϡ
ಡ
һӰӰΧӰʩ񣺡ݼʥŮ
Խɽ
֣ڣֲָءϽԽɽƹ֮ҥ
ƹȡ
Խɽ
ƹȲѰģɽȣѰɽͨҲһɽȣҲǺ«ȣҲɽΪһһСƹȴҪȺ«ϹŻҪأܹոӵĻɽȾȻͬһǺ«һɽȴһܹʮɽȣÿɽȶܴ
ÿһɽڣżΪ׳Ĵľ죬֦ҶïصǣķӶľݣҶڴ֮ϣľ˱̵վ£ѷݡ
ʱƹȵھɽȣһô׳ϵһľڡλһŮӣɫȹտ㣬һ˫۸ֵֻ촽ܱǹʥŮ诡
ֱһΰ󺺣ԼѮûǶ̷ȴǸ֮룬ŨüڣֻǾһɱ
诵ֱһ٪壬红ͯһ档
ŷţѾѹž䡣ǰѪգɫ԰ף͸
ͯžͲһΪ
žûǸͯӣŶ诡ԼȻӲסŮһУŮΪҲΪģԼС˭
ͯӼž䲻ᣬҲգɹͯӰЦݡ
ˣ诵ڡ
ǣ
žͷȻץˣڱûʲôִûʲô˵ġԼҲûʲôܣûʲôʹ
ݣ
ߡ
Ŀġ
Ѱһǲݡ
ǲݣľڵ˵һֳ˱顣
ǺǣǻͯΰЦһΪѵ֪ѵĽ𣿶ϽҲʹ಻
žҡͷ򵥵ؽԼѰһǲݵԭ˵һ顣ľٴγĬ
죬ٴοڵǲС
ž۾һ³һֵδ̹
ҽ诣ƽʥŮλͯ棬λϳɡ
ž㶵ˣΰӽͯ棿ͯģ˽ϳɣ
˰ȣ
诵Ҳֳһ˿ЦݣȻѸٵ
žҲ飬诵ʥŮ£㲻ɱңһ˵лǲݣӦʲôȥɣ
ʶʱ񣡡诵ֳһ˿⣺ҪΪһ¡
ʥŮ뽲
ƽ̵һ䣬Ʊ䡣Ӧ˵ɣ
ţžͷƱ䣬ܲأ쾭ľȻ˵
诵ͷ˵ںܾǰҽ̺͵һδսƹȣУƱ䱻˺ȥҳҿԷ뿪һǲݣҪȥҳѰ
žĿ糣ʥŮ»ҵ¹Ƴɣ
Ȼ
žƬ̵ʥŮ¸߿ˣֻһɢޣ˵ѰƱˣȥ
֪а취Ϊĵӡ
žȵĿڱˡ
ķ֡
Ϊ󻪣Ϊ󻪹̡ϷΪԽƽΪԽ̡ΪΪ̡ΪѩΪѩ̡
ĹСģĦٴģսΪĹĵˡ
壡
ҲΪĴڣĹǿ˾ҪԴԴģֱⲻΪԴս
жԵʱ䳤ˣΪ̵ͬݻɴ֮Ĺжʱĺƽȴǵжԡ
课Ȼ˵а취Լ
ʶ𣿡ȡһƷƣž俴
ž濴˼飬Ȼҡͷ
诵ǵïϵƼơÿ϶ƼƼӽʸƣȻܹΪӡƵԻһ˵ǡ㱳ͺá
ɴӦ


26 ƹ
ͯŻۣݺݵؿž䡣һεɱľľڷ·һɱ硣
žЦһµʥŮ£һѡ𣿡
̾һ㻹һ·ѡǱ
žҡͷ̾ʥŮ¿Խǲݸˡ
ȴǴȡһɢ̴ζľУĿڿƮž䡣žסľУľУ㿴һСָĳӡ̧ͷһ۵
ǹƣ
ӹƣĸ
žͷһ֣㽫ľеһֻϣǸƳġֻǰϢžʧ
صͷϳɻһȥ˵ϳĵܵܡ̰ɣϳɻǲݡ
žͷϳվõضž磬߰ɡ
аϳɣžվΣĬĬظϳ뿪
ڱסһڲã˵һҹ޻žѾָ߰˰ˡһ۵
硭
֨ѽһľŴ򿪣ž˳žƽɫУһ˿кͳ磬ȥϳɵԴϳɫһ䣬һֱסž˳룬žһ㶯Ҳöϳɫ
ҵͷ
ǺǡžֻЦ
ϳ䣬žڴңžļ⾷ΣŴŵĺ
ֻһϳɵ䡣
Ǻǡž³Ц
ϳ۾΢΢һУջɿžž亹͸ͬˮո̳һ㣬ڴڵشŴ
ͷ𣿡ϳɵʵ
žݺݵ³һɿ˷ϥǵ˫ֱ֣ͦˣϳɣֳһ˿ƦЦݵ
ⲻҪ𣿡
ϳ˫Ŀгһ죬ɱ⡣
žȴȻЦòãҲôңֲɱңɱң˭ȥ˭ȥΪ͵Ʊ䣿
ɱ㣬һ˾ˡϳɵͬӡ
ɱɣž䵭˵
ϳǺͯ࣬žĿ΢΢һָֻ
ǲݣ
žһľϻžС
žľϻȻһǲݡľϻϣŽı档ϳɵ߹˴
߰ɣ
ϳĿؿһž䣬ȥ˵Ӱܿʧɽȡ
ľڡ
ͯʥŮΪʲô˿ž䣿ǲûбѡžΪʵǽ뵽лӴƱ䣿
ǰµɽȣܲܽӴƱ䣬Ҳ֪ʺϵˡ
Ϊʲô
诱̾ϢһҪһԱţȴֺ׵ˣסҼˣǸǷҲѷֱ档
Ҫ𣿡ͯùƿƾͿˡ
΢΢ҡͷܹ˵壬ȴܿġ
žľܹƣ
Ҫˡ诵˵žΪòԼԸܹƳ档ŲţžǴ־һǲݽã㲻Ǹ񡣡
ңͯŭĿ
һˣкβңôֲ꣬ûмĴʿƵ
㣬̫ظ顣żˣȻϡһֱȵžҵãȻŻץãҲͿžģΪЧܷûƱ䣬Ϳˡ
ž䲻شǺ«һһɽȣһƽ̵ʿƣһƳ¡Ŀ¶Ȥ֮ɫȴڷɿ˼
ʵϣžڵһʱͷǳɣƽΪʲôѡ
ԼʵȻҲе콾ԼǴˣǷ²Ϊʲô񽻸Լ
һһĿܣԼΪƳƽֻ̡һĿܣǲǼ̫Сˣ
ѵƽ̾ôʣ
ïϵƼżȻõģûзʲôڵ嶤ӵĻᣬôʵԼԼ
žǹ̽ϳɾȻסˣɱԼ
Ϊʲô
ƾƳ棿

һк֡
ʲô
žһˡ
ضץδ룬δвҡ˵ضںȻβ档
취Ūǡ
߳ƹȣҰпʼŨֲָֻܹǰһ߾롣ϳɵ
ң
žҲϳɵ


27 
һֱʱ֣˲ŴԽɽ˳ǰʧҰÿҲپʡž̧ͷеϼѤù
ȥɱҰ޻ϳһƨڲݵϡ
ž̧ߣϳֿڵѱ¡
ž佫˵ϣȥϳɵĿ˸
ڴδ⣬ҴŻǲߡҲӦǶҵһο顣Ҳ˻ǲߣ֤ҲںδǾͻùƳŪңȻȡƼƣѰһѡ
ԶϳɣžһţһڵѰšԼСʱžɫһϲװˣݵһʱҲ֪ûȻټǽ龡Ρ
ȻذһݣЬһȥѰ
һСʱž俸һֻ¹ˡϳѾžʰֻ¹Ȼտ
žϳԶϳ߬һƺ«ʱغһڡžڸտ
̡
¹տ£ðͣζɢ˳žȡͿĨοȡһЩͿĨڿϣŨζɢ
ϳӵǴ˻ǻԣ
žҲͣط¹⡣յһĨʹ֮ʣϳɺžѾʼذ׸¹ϳһ߳ſ⣬һʵ
ıװɣʱ򱻵۵㣬˲ҪʥŮ顣
ҵıףžͬһ߳ſһ˵κε顣
ôҪ˽һïˡҪȻϳïǵųϣ۶Ĵʿòһ£Ȼˡ
žӹһŻһ滭һòԼʮңķӺһַǳֱĸоϸϸؽïסȻ󽣻ӵϣǻܿ컯Ϊ˻ҽ
ïòֻһȫ׼Ҳû˻ïʲôӣѾˣҲϴ˵ΣաïԸ㻹Ҫ˽һ£ʮֱҹŰ塣һΪɵˡصˣԸҲˡ֮ҪⱣһֱŰɵԸ񣬷˻ɡ
žһµûչԸͬĵӣ
ûУϳҡͷӣһ͵ڶӣһŮӡҲռӵĻ񡣡
žбһƽΧŵõƼ˺ܶ๤ˡӦѾƻ˺ܶ꣬ӹһһȥïܣ
δĴʦ֣ƷĶʦ֣Ůʦ㣬ʫʫ
ǵԸûʲôܵģïһģӡ
žͷȻӵϡ
ҪסïľΪߣй˵ľ𣿡
У
һ˵˵
ž俪ʼһ˵˵߼ʱϳ꿪ڵ
ܺã¡ɽСɱ޾һӡҹ䣬˯б˴ˡ˾ïïǿƷʣΪͽһƼơ
ïΪʲôߣ
ïƺм£ֻ·Σǡÿ޵Ĺ̡Ƽ֮󣬱Ҵȥ
𣿡ž䵣ĵ
ȻЩ㣬Ҳ㹻ˡΪïѾˣҲ㲻ᱻͬΪʦʦʦܣǾԻڼ֮󣬾Ҫˡ
žͷϻһ˿֮ɫ
ʵҲïӦöïʮ˽⣬ܹԶǣҲܹ˺ܶȫһЩ㱻ïͬԺҪһֳĬԵԸ
ס˵Խ٣Խ١
ţžĬͷ
ȥһڵ֮ٵס¡ÿ¶ҪһΣһ㱨ڵеһСҪʲôжһҪȺҼƻһ¡
ţ
ϳžĿʱһ˿Ľ˵ҲһѵõĻԵ㲻һҲµµΪˡǽȴֱϵĻᡣ
ĹǶˡ
žĿҲ˸ڴ
ա
ٴ·磬žؽ£ȻȥԣϳҲռ֦
һôȥ
žÿԵʱ򣬶ѰҲҩʱܹҵȻռʱҲ
һա
Ѿ뿪Խɽƹʮգ˴һƬɭС
Ͻɽһɽһɽͷ


28 
ҹ
¹͸ŨҶļ϶߲Ҳϥڴִ֦ϵžϳɵϡ
ȼһ𣬻粢ѾҪϨơ
ž΢΢˫ۣͷԼſܡڿܵĵ׶ˣһȦɫ߲ͬݵ߶ˣɫȾ̡
ž䶯˶üë΢΢аôûж
ΪΪҹӥСӣںйصĸ֪ʶԣرΪҹӥСӶӳž䣬Ӳκһܹѧϰ֪ʶĻᡣ
ֲҩһ֭ҺһŲȴܹںԶ˳ܹᵽҶźܴζǱ÷
֪ʶǴһʿĿе֪
ƻԵʱҵһζҩҽ䰵֭ҺͿ˿ܡ
ⶼȥ˽СʱˣȴûĶ
ѵΧûǣ
໡
һХҹлصž۾ȴǾһ
ˣ
ھԼһôϣʱϥˡȴͯƽ̵ʿʱҲХҲûеһ¡
ǡ
ԼʮӺͯɫһ䣬ȻĿһӰ߱ڶ
Ⱥ
ɫ䣬ǵɫøѿΪǷЩǴǵ·ڶûעǣϳɺžķڶȥǵлŽңЩȺҲԴһֻǴžϳɵ·ڶ
ǡ
ڲ֮Ǳ߱ŭХɱ
ƽʿҪȴֹ̧ͯסȻܹڲֵ£ϳɺžܹӳȥͲñ¶ˡ
ܿ죬ǾȺԶȥХͼɱȴԶԶش
ͯϣϳǱסˡ
ߣ
ͯҲˣž䲻
һݣҺʿͬҹһ㣬žķ˹ȥ
ôôǣ
ʱžϳɱԱԻűںɱһȺ˷߱ڶֻĿһɨҲгֻˡ
žʱץֲҩÿֲҩֻһҶһҲ٣žб֭Һһץסϳɵ·ҵ
ô죿
ô죿ɱȥ
ôǣɱȥ𣿡
ǻ࣬ڲɱȥԽԽɱȥߣ
ٶȿʼͻΧ˵ΧͣԾһֻֻǣѪڵȳ֮š
˺
һֻž䣬žƺôһߣȻǿڵ˺ҧȴצһӽϥµĿһ˺ȥʱžһģˤڵϡѾȥϳתٴž䡣
ʱɿţÿųȥĻᣬžǳ⣬Ƶϳɲòһδηؾž䡣˲žˣϳҲʼˡ
һֱԶϹۿͯ̾Ϣһ֪Լϻͯ涥סˣȥġ
϶ۿͯڱ¶ˣǾͱ¶ˣԭҪž䲻֪£á¶ˣǾͰӲϹžԼȥãϣǾֻɱž䡣ˡ
æ
ͯѶɴͬӥһ㣬·Ⱥȥƽ̵ʿ
ۡ
һֻֻնɱͯѸٵؽӽϳɺž䡣
ž۾΢΢һУȻи٣ҪҺ棬֪δס֮󣬰δвҡ
֣㡣
ͯѾɱ˸ǰžȻһģ˺һ·һֻצ˺飬ںһץۣѪ˳ǰԵһԵͯĽ£Ÿոץϳ·ֻ֣ץסͯĿܣлŵ
ң

ͯ汬һӶ󵶽ֻնɱžҲشӵɨһͯˣһ˿ԥ˾ԼЩԶͯϳɣץǡ޷ҺŪǵϣĿٴȷͯĿɫ֭Һž賤ϳɺͯΧɱ
໡
ȺΧ˹
žһֱĸ˵룬ĸҲȷʵűž˼žˣǵʧˡ
ž䱻м䣬ֻżʡ˴ǽʡˣƽ̵ĸȷʵľ޴ʱƣһƽ̵ѾһȺҧʳڶƽ̵ӱҧʳ֮ϳɺͯҲʼ
ΪˣžıѾʼƵعž䡣žĿɨϳɺͯ棬˴صĺһҧȻ˳ȥһһͷǵԴ룬ȺС


29 
ž䡭
໡
ϳɵĺǵĳХûܼΧϳɺͯ档ȴǲ̫ȥž䡣žܿʧҹɫС

һСʱžķԼһ˿ѾХɾһôȻһƨ˴ִ֦ϣŴ
ƽ̵ĵѾˣϳɺͯ϶ԼץĲҩ֭ҺǸܣһֱ׷ǡӦûᱻҧɣ
žɫ
ˣƽӦûְᷢɣƳ̫أˣƽһѰԼ
Ҫӿٶˡ
Բ֪δҽǲݸδ֮󣬱뿪

ŨѪζʬ嶼ѾɾǴȴһƬѪ졣
޳Ȼڶû뵽ŷڶ޸ʮĹǣ˴ʬ壬޳ˡ
ҲǧˣҹδȻûвμսȴĿ˲ҵḶ́Ҳһο˴
һӢ˵Ĵ
һƿصָʹĴ
ʹƿصľٵÿҲǳʵҲһϵġյƷ˾ȴҲʣȻˣǷ˵Ҳڴ
ҹδȻ۲쵽ЩҲûȥЩ޹ءѾ԰͸Ʒ鼮ˣڲĵطҲ԰ձ԰ҹδʽȥƷ˾ӡ԰˵ҹδȻĿǰƷ˽ֻڻѾƷ˾һ߹һѧϰˡ
ʱҹδ԰İ칫ڣ԰ڶҹδ
δ룬Ʒ˾ֳãһѧãһЩӵоͯӣѧϰƷĵطͲȥˡڶǷã˼壬ĵطڱڷķ֮ڡƷã˼ĵطĸǷãĵطҪһ£ǵһģͷųľһܷͷųľһܡܶǿķͷųһǧ֧Ҳǵһġ
ҹδ˼ǷͷŵĵͬһԺͬһʽ
ԣƷõҲҪСƷãƷ÷ǳҪҲƷ˾ȡԴҪá
ףҹδͷ
˵˵ãǿ̻ġ֮ͬҲзֹͬҪ죬Բ󣬷󣬹ȵȡЩͲˡеĽ϶̻ҲҪ̻󡣿̻˽֮󣬷ݾͻʮּ̡򣬱˵޳ˣһޣڳһɤӣûп̻ķݾˡԷ÷ΧҲǳ㣬ҪһķΪӣΪ߶ˡ
ǷҽáϾܹҽβĵطҲʣⲻʦķ
ʦļ֮һǳƵҩ֮⣬ܹβˡǣǷʦҲӵⷽļܡ
˵ﶼǷɣȻǷɣȻܹ÷Ϊβˡ
ҹδǲɳ鴤һ£Ѿ˵԰۵ҹδȻšֻҲûбֳǲò
ҽþβ˵ĵط˵޵ز˵ļȵȡ
ģȻܹԶ޸ڵĴ֮˵Է츳㲻ȥðɡ
ȫ˵İš
ãҴȥá
Ʒ˾
ڴڣռźܴһƬء
ҪȺֱѧããƷãúͷҽá
԰ҹδֱȥ˷á
òûҹδǰ㣬ĳ˴ܾ԰ҹδιһȦ֮ҹδˡֻǷһ֮ǰĹ˾͵Ʒ˾ĶѾõıõķʦֻҪЩϰղͬҪ̻ơ
Ʒ˾˾Ȼ԰
һʷһƷʦ
ʦ־ƷһƷƷƷͣһƷߡ
ַɲš
ƷҪ츳ģҼǳΪ˷ʦÿ˵츳Ҳǲͬġ
еķʦ츳ڽԣҲ˵Է˵ٶȿ죬ƷʸߣƷʺáԵķٶƷʵͣƷҲή͡
Է÷ֳ˸ԵĲţĳ϶ȸߵķʦһš
ǣ
ϽԽͽ
ƹ





30 ʦʦ
ÿŶ϶ȸߵķʦԼԵķȻоþ͸͸ȨԡڷõĵλȻҲߡҪ˵ڷõλͣӣʱ˼ڸĲž޸
ҪµķֱѡԼǵĲšĳҪһӵбĳȻȥˮ
ǣʿսܶʱܵ𻵣𻵵ĳ̶ֲԱϡ޸һ£ָܹȻͻƷ˾Ƿ˵޸Ѱʦ޸
𻵵ԭǧٹ֣𻵵ķҲǰǧ廨š޸ǳӣҲأȴû̫ߵļ޲顣ԣλҲͣڱĵ׶ˡ
ûԸȥ޸԰ȴҹδ밲Ž޸
԰ҹδ˵üΪ
޸Ǵڱĵ׶ˣӣأҶ޲ѧƷȴһʵľѵط
ʶָķƣ޸ָķƣҹδֻһѧߣ޸ʺĵط
ҹδҲȻͬ⣬ĶУֻҪܹѧϰ
ԼȷʵһѧߣԼռ䣬Լδ
԰ҹδ͵˷ʷһ뿪ˣһƷ˾æġ
ʷѾһߣҹδһӡǴ飬ͬڼүү
δ밡ʷվԼǰҹδ룬ҿֳȥ޸ڣڷһȷʵ츳˲ܿ츳һӣҪ̤ʵء
δףҹδ̬ȳϿҡ
ǷҲԼĲ¥棬ʱȥġֲ׵ĵطҡ
ллǰ
Խ
лл
ߣҴȥ޸
ʷվҹδ߳˷ţһߣһ߸ҹδܡ
޸¥ߵĵڶ¥ˣܹ޸𣿡
⡭ҹδЩԥǺ㣬ϾոսƷѧꡣ
޸ɷʦѧͽɵģʦȻ޸ѧͽǸʦֵġȷ˵ķҪϴҪú֭Ĩƽ𺦵ķƣΪʦ׼øֹߣȵȡ
ҡԷʦ
һѧͽɵĻҹδȻȥٵؽӴַƣԼľ硣
УԡУȴѧͽδ룬õģȴѧͽ츳ҲܹܿΪķʦ
ллҹδмһЦ
˳˴ţ޸¥޸һ¥߽ű㿴жŻٻı
ʷҹδ¥һ䣬ƿŵִ£˭ˣ
ִҲۿҹδ޸ڣҹδʷĺ棬ֳϲɫ
㲻ңδ޸ɣ
µûʷЦǺǵôԸ⣿Ը⣬Ҹδ밲űȥ
𰡣æ˵˭ˣ
аɣδͽˡˡ
ߣ
ʷδ룬ܹ޸˰ɣ
ԣͨôôӡ
Уȥ޸߲Ҵȥ
ллִ¡
һ¥ִ½ҹδܸ޸߲뿪ˡ޸߲Щʦѧͽûмҹδˣǵˮƽ͵λûʸȥⷿۿԶҹδ޸ڣҹδĴöˡ
޸ģһɵ
ҹδ뿴ȥǵ÷ִ½ܹǰλŮҲһλʦӢ
Ҳ޸ģ󲿷ֶʦ޸ģֻǾ˼ʦĴ󡣡
ҹδһ˵ھһÿ˵ı鶼ͬ
ҹδ̬棬ʵǣ˾ͲôΪˡ
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ʦ
ΪҲǴʦ
ԺλʦҪúý̽ŶӢӱϣ˵
ҹδԷԣȴ֪ԷΪʲôᳳܵ
ˣԺҪָ㡣
ǸʦˡӢ˵꣬ƫͷޡһ
ˣˡЦǺǵغϡ
磬Ŷ󣬾͵ķʦˣҸͺˮŸոճΪʦӢдͼʡ
ί˭ίˣ޸ƵطҪôףҲǲʡ
ίĹһ̻䶼һίաӢǺǲЦб۶ҹδ
Ѿͷȱȣ


31 ʼƷ˾
ҹδҲίίԼ¶ҳʲô
ѾͷһȥӻҲһ죬ڵԷΪֹ˭޸ö࣬ôˮƽҿ㻹Ǵѧͽѧɡ
ڱһûӢҲû˰ҹδ롣ʵϣû˰ҹδ룬ڰӢˡ
˵乫Щʦѧͽҹδ붼ܺ棬һʮѾͷƾʲôܹΪʦ
һ˵޸˷ڣ
ôܣ
˵ҹδãŪھΣǸΪȥ𣬽޸ڵĹǿѹҹδϣ˾Ϊ
ʱ򣬷⣬ſҲۼһЩʦѧͽڿ֡ЩѧͽҹδĿҲЩޡ
ƾʲôǵ䶼Ѿͷ󣬶ǻѧͽȴΪ˷ʦ
ҹδΪѣ֪ܾͬ⡣
λʱ洫һ˭޷
ৡ
ʮʦʮѧͽתͷĿǸʿϣһʮʿô˿ţɫЩ
ޣӢ˹ȥһѽӹǸʿĳͷҹδüë
ǵıھͿʼˣ
䣬ǸʿˡҹδȴЩ֪ԼӦĶ޸Ŀⲻ˹
磬ô³̣
ԸȽ£ȻҲʺίЩҹδ룬ǿڵ
ǵĴͼ䣬ҲǴ칫ҡ޸طƽʱû޸ʱǾͶæԼ飬ҲԴｻġ
߲ʮ˸ʦʮѧͽûѧͽɣҴѧͽָһ

һҹδ뻹Ҫһ꣬ϴŲԸ˹
Ժ͸ҹʦ
ʦһͷ
ô˵Ļʹˣۡ
ͷĥҹδȥҹδʱҲЩСڰֵ
ˣϰԼһˡ
Уҡͷ㲻׳û˸ȣû㰲Żˣʱ֪ô¶ˡʮ˺Ź͹ˡȥҹʦһ׷ͼȫȻҹʦ
ޣ
תſȥȡһԿ׵ݸҹδ
Ǳʮ˺ŹģǱߵġ
лл
ҹδӹԿףߵԼλǰһ£ĨˮȥˮҪʰһ¡ʱѾصԼλ̧ͷһ۵
ҹʦȰЩ
Ҳ鷳Լʰˡҹδˮ˳ȥ

һʦȥѧͽ飬˰ɣ
ҾҲǡ㿴ҲʮɣöѧͽأҾͲһʦ
ǺǡӢˣʰӵĻѧͽˡ
ԭЩˣҿӢͬҹδˣʱҲҹδ
еķʦԼѧͽûУʦվҪµģϵȣһ𻵵ǰ޸ķˣⲻ𡣡
ҹδˮԼ¹ʰ֮󣬴¹ȡһʦ۴ϣոûһ屾鼮˹ҹδϵ
ҹʦͼûˡ
ҹδ뾫һ񣬸ոһ㿪ʼ½޸ʿˡ
޳ոչȥʿܵ𻵡ķʦʼӻˡҹδҲվ
ͼߣ
屾ҹδߵſڣſڸкŵһѧͽ㺰
ߺţ
ǣһ꿪ڵ
ҹʦߣ
ҹʦǸĴ
ֳΣ˭ҲһʮѾͷһʦ
ɡ
ŶŶ
Ǹ걧Լĵ˰ûȥǰĿҹδıӰ
ʦѧͽǲһġ
ʦǳۣѧͽǶ̽
ǡ
ǸСѾͷһʦ
ҹδʮ˺ŷ䣬ҹδȡԿ״򿪷ţ˽ȥС̨͸ʩС屾ͼ˲̨ԱߵһϣȻԸѧͽı֣ȥˮݲ衣
а
ỵģԺ󲻻зʦ
ʱҹδѾ˲̨ϣǸʿ
ѱҡ
ǸʿЩԥ濴ҹδ룬Ǳҹδͯվ
ôСôǷʦ
Ʒ˾ڷʦְҵ𾴣ĳҹδǰĲ̨ϡ


32 
ҹδһץʣһŵϵһ˳Ȼ˲̨ϣϸ۲졣
Ȼ΢΢üͷ
ûɶ˼
Ҳҹδ룬ҲǶ԰͸ĶʮһƷƷֻ֣Ķᡣ
Ϊûûѧ
˫۾ڿҹδ롣
һ˫İģҪҹδ뾿᲻޷Ǵʱҹδüͷвֳʧоɥ
ʧǣ𻵵ĲأܹϿ̻ǻ浶ķƣȻ޸ȴ֪޸浶Ϊֹһο޸ϵͼˡ
̶ֳϵ𻵣ҹδ붼Ҫüһ㶵ģԼһʦԺϣ
ǰ;
ܲɥ
У
ϵȥʦҰݷãԼ⼸ܵʯ͸ʦɣùʦ´Լ
ҹδ룬˭Ը˭Ҳ
һ˫۾Ǹʿ
ʿֻһɢޣܹӵһܲף𻵣ʹùǺ񿴵ҹδüо˲
ҵķ޻˰ɣ
ҹδеޱϲûɶ˼ûаԼһķʦԼ֪Լʲôԭͱ޸ѧϰ̬
ɵʮִϻۡ
޸֪Լˡ
ЩʦѧͽʲôǽȴԼˡرǸӢԼ˶ģͲҹδŵ̬ˡ
ԼǻۣԼŵ̬޸ԻԼһѧͽһѧͽܸɶ
ź¡
ҹδ벻źˣǺûлѧϰƷ룬Լȫ׵ķͼ䡣ǣҲȥͼ䰡Ļ֤Լһʦ
鰡
ҹδռ䣬㿴ռһһĹ̨ڷһ
һռɨȻǰͼ
һͼ޸ͼһͼǳ׸˻浶ͼ
ҹδûȥǸ޸ͼϸȥ۲ǸĻ浶ͼ޸ڵľ飬Ѿ֪ЩͼռǸķڵͼͱƾż仭
ڶิӰ浶ķƾͼ򵥶ˡҹδס֮󣬲ȥǸ޸ͼȻ㰴޸ͼʼ޸Ǳ
޸ڴףڶ;࣬浶ķҲӣǳҲࡣҹδֻʧһΣɹˡ
ռڳоһ£¶ϲɫ
޸ǰ㣬Ĵľֻһ㾫
ҹʦҪ˺۴𣿡ǰѧͽĳʵ
ţҹδͷ
Ϳʼϵ˺۴棬ֻȴʮֻɡ
ҹδ޸
ˮտˡ

ҹδ԰˵һӼһ޸ÿ׼ĲҶԼһ裬صԼλոպڲ裬Ѿ˴棬˵һߣ
ҹʦˡ
ֽؽͺŵĿ̵Ϊҹδ׼áҹδصͷһδͽܵоԼӦö԰˵ʲô°ǶԼˣһ
ϸţܹѧپѧ١
ǣ
ؾӦһȴǲΪȻǸʿжһΡ
ҹδѡһСŵķУ뵽֮ڡ
͡
һƳ֡ٶȷǳ죬ֻǲһӵʱ䣬Ѿ޸˴롣
ǡ
ȴǴͣһĲţֱ仯һĲ;塣
ඣʲôƨҹʦʲôƨ޸ڵķʦ򵥵Ļ浶ƶ̴ˡ
㲻ᣬͲҪȥ̰
㷭ͼ䰡
ôҿ̣Ҫʯİ
ỹϹ̣ⲻɵȱ
ңȻһɵȱ
ң޸浶ΪƵǳȵȻûգǻ浶ķƾԱˣϴʱҹδ̻Ļ浶ƺͷеķƲһȻһĵط٣һϽְҵݲð˿󡣶ҹδĴֹ˿
Ҫȫˣ
ˡ
ҹδ빴һƣϵзһεȻ

ҹδ³һֳ֮ɫǶʮһ鼮ûа׶ԼĻʵ˺ܶࡣ޸˺ܶࡣ
£
վһԵİԻˡ
һε˵޸ˡ
ǡ
Ƿ԰
ҿˣ
û
ԣҹδǸʿ
Ǹʿæץ˷ע


33 һٿã
䡭
ڵȼɫһ㣬̶ϲΣʣҹδʩһ
лҹʦԭϣܹ޸ԭ˾ųɣȴû뵽ܲûһ˿һɣҼõķʦ
ʲôɫ𾪣ˡһɣ
ţ
ʿӱȡƷʯ˲̨ϣȻʩһл˳˷š
һӲģ
ˣԼ۾Ƿȱˣ̶Լǲ
ôܣ
ҹδ̻ƴˣôûʧܣһ㣿
ⲻ
ҹδں⣬Լ޸һҵõһµĻ浶ƣȻֻвһɵĲͬ
ԼıȡһӷȻȡһ֧ʣʼڴϣռڼĻ浶һһʵػ
úܿ죬֮ϸһ飬ûдŽӺϣԱߵϡתͷһ۰ɵƵվ˫ûнࡣҡҡͷᣬԱߵͼһᣬʼ
֪˶ãҹδɵİ˹оһ
ԼȻڷ
ѧͽ󣬻ᱻʦ˵ġ
ĵ͵͵һҹδ룬ҹδһͼ俴ĵһС
ҹʦҪкţ
кţҹδãȻ̧ͷŰ
ҹδǵһ޸㼱æ͵ʦ
ʦֽе˳öࣺÿ޸һҾͻȥһ޸ˡ
ŶȥɣҹδؽǱͼ£һΪǻԼء
Щͼ䣬ҹδᡣͼ̫ḻˣڶࡣÿͼ·ϸע͡
磬Ӻδʣδձʣδδǳδϸȵȡ
ȻϸעͣҪȥϰΪǳϸѾյˣй뵽ڵľҲҪſ̻Ƶǳᣬϸǿɵϸѵʡ
ҲΪʲôʦǳ٣ӵ˾ӵ˳ΪʦĻȴɲܳΪʦֻܹѧͽɷʦٵԭ
÷ʦͽܣְֵؽ̣Ҫѧͽȥϰ
漰һˡ
Ǯ⡣
жǮȥϣ㷴ȥϰ
ÿʦǮġ
Ҳֻҹδ룬ӵռ䣬ⷴ
ܿ죬һʿŷˡ
ţҹδ۾һϿ̻Ǳ˪ǡԼոտꡣ̽뵽ռ䣬ռܿ͸ͼҹδԱһԼڷͼпı˪ƣٶӦռķơȻǸ޲Ҳ֮ͬ
ҹδûаոķȥ޸ǰշͼڵķȥ޸ġʧ֮󣬱ɹ޸
ռڳҹδ㿪ʼ޸ǼΰؿţȻֻˡ
κı˪һģһ
һֱǸʿ޸ķˣ﷢Իˡ
ô¶
ôһһһֲһ

Ӵɵ״̬оѣæǸԲʦˡ
û£㰡޸ôշѵģһ˸ƷʯôֻŰ
ҲƷƷƷƷͼƷһ˵ķƷƷ
޸һƷ𻵵ʲô̶ȣֻҪû𻵵һ룬ޣƷʯƷƷʯƷʮƷʯƷʮƷʯ
ô˰ҹδ˹죺һɲ˰ɣ
ǵȻ޸۸ҪôʦԸ޸أԸȥֲһΪﲻȫõѧϰĻᣬһΪ׬١һæۡ
ˣһɡ
ˣÿ޸ķõʯҪƷ˾ɵģʣµĲġ
ɶ٣
ɣĳɡ
ҹδͷŰǻҪ𣿡
ããҡͷѧͽûнˮֻʦǸ޸Ļᡣ
ҹδͷѧͽҪʦѧ֪ʶ֪ʶǽǮԣʦаշ޸ķʦͿѧͽ޸һΣ޻ˣʦҲٸ޺á
ȻҲҪѧͽΣʦΣ
ɡ
ҹδڻûðֵͷһûѧأҪռ䡣һ棬ҹδ벻ɵҺܴϻֲۣǿ̬ȲѺáտʼء
ƾʲô
ߣ


34 ãã
ҹδһ޸˽һ˵òַֻҹδûпſ˶һ䣿
˵ųɾŵķûп
뵽ռ䣬ǱķĹ̨ϣɨȥŵҹδ벻һ㣬Ȼû޸ͼǳһ֣
ڲ𻵣޸֮һ
ҹδҡҡͷռ䣬ǸʿѾˣû޸Ŀܣȥһµİɡ
סˣ޸Ҳһˣû˵ѾˣΪһ𻵵һϣʿԼͲ޸޸Ҳй涨ȡǸ۸Ƿϵķ𻵲һ룬𻵵һ룬еʿ᲻øԼܾõķ޸Ǽ۸Ϳ̻һµķƼûжٲˡ
ǣ𻵶Ȼʮ֮һ
ǸʿҲסˣֳһ˿
һЩҹδ룬ʵҹδ̫СˡֻǷʦĵλüҹδ룬һץ𳤽ת˳ȥҲӦ˹æųȥȥһˡ
ǸʿȡŴһһʦ
ںŹǸѧͽɫһ㣺ôˣ
Ǹʿʮ˺ŷʦ޲
ʮ˺ŷʦ
ѧͽˣйҹδӢԵЩʦһֱ޸ҵĴţӢͿţҲҹδ޸ҷǹŵġ֮ǰǿҹδ޸ҵʿ˸߲ҵ޸õķ߳жҹδĹѾЩı䡣ǰ󻹲һСʱʿ˵ҹδ޸ˣһӢϸǸֳЦݡ
ҹʦô˵Źѧͽʵ
ͿһۣȻ˵ҵķˣû޸ļֵȥһµġǸʿߺߵ˵
һʦӷ˳ĿǸʿеķһüͷ
ʲô㣿
ֻǿһۣȷˣ
𻵻ʮ֮һôˣ
Ц
ǰʮּ򵥵𻵣΢ôһҹδͲˡ
ǡ
㲻ͲɣΪʲôҪŪ˵ˣ
̫ûеˣ
͡зʦ̲סЦûеµˣҲܹʦ
ǰʿ׬ʯףôȥµġҪҾȥͶߡ
ʱ򣬹˹һǱȻ԰
ô¶
ͷҹʦ˵ˣµʿȥ޸
ʱȺ޸ʿǳ࣬жȺеʿ
ַʦ˭ȥ
ǸһۣȻ̤̤ߵʮ˺ŷ䣬ƿ˷ŵ
δ룬Ǹôޣ
磡ҹδǹֳ΢ЦǸȷʵˣȻ濴
˵˾ͷˣӢŵǲᣬû˻ЦһСѾͷŪһʿǾǵˡ֪һʿܹӵһж಻
ΪӵһҪɱޣѪ˸׬һǮѣ֪𣿡
߹վӢǸʿ۾ˡ
֪
ʦķʦʦҪмҪе£ǰӢʩһʵ˵
лʦķʦ
Ӣͷ¶º͵Цݵ󲿷ַʦеµġ£Ҹޣ
ʦҹδվ
죡ӢתͷǳҺ޵֮ˣΪ顣
䣬ţǸʿһĵл
֮Ϊ֮ɣҲһĲãһ˦ȥ
Ƿķ˰
ҹδ̾Ϣ˵ȴû˴ÿʦѧͽǰ޸ʿӵؿҹδһۣתȥ
ҹδεӣͷվſڣ
ȥһ
ŶŲҴȥһͻˡ
ҹδһ۵أ
ͷСûԸ
ҹδɫһ㣬̶ԳһЦûûɡ
Ǳͼ俪ʼ
ʵʵվҹδ󣬴¡ںܾᣬҹδ޸κһ𻵶ȶҪȷǱҹδΪʲô˵ǱǷ˵أ
Ѿҹδ޸İ֪ҹδһķʦӦóⰡ
ѵǸķˣ
ֻ˲ʮ֮һôأ
ãˣ
ҹδ뵹ǰĵڿͼ䣬ͲԼʱȥѧϰЩͼ䡣ǣոտûһžͱƿԬ촾˽
Ԭ촾޸ĸִ£ҹδҪ㱨㽫鱨Ԭ촾
ǣҹδ벻ʶԬ촾ǿŷʦۣվòԬ촾
Ԭ촾޸ִ¡


35 ͻŷ
ŶԬִºá
ղžܾʿ޸Ԭ촾
ǣҹδͷ
˵ӳĴŴ˳ȥڼžڻصִһֱŵһ޸ҡ
ִˣֿˡ
ֻǿһۣ˵˼ҵķˣ¶ǵµ⣬ֱǸǷʦˣⲻǷʦ
Ϊʲô
Ԭ촾ɫãȻҲûʸȥⷿۿҹδ޸ڣǵλˣжҲǿһЩ»г룬ǱضǸġȻǸͲ̫ҹδ롣
ֻҲⶼ޸ʲôˣ
ˣ
ʲô˶޸ҹδйϵȥһû¶ĵط
ǸѾ˵̫ǽ屾ԭ򣬺޸ûйϵҹδ
屾ƻ˶٣Ԭ촾ɫǽ屾˱ıԵҹδûд󣬷ڸ޸鷳ʿǸ鷳
Ƶûл٣
˵ҹδҲЩԻܹɷ˱ıԵӦҲ𻵴룬Ǳֻ˲ʮ֮һЩ
ʮ֮һ
Ԭ촾еŭڵһðʮ֮һ𻵶ȣ˵廵ˣ
ΪǸʿ޹ˣ
޹ˣܻ
Ҫںǳ⣬ȴȻﴫһıը㴫
ŵŵɡٵĽŲѸٵؿſڣɫܲÿԬִ£Ǹˡ
ʲôˣԬ촾üͷֻ
ҹδһһ˿ηδҹʦ϶˵ǱӢȥ޸ˣ˭֪޸֮Ǹʿڹע޸ЧʱǷˡ
ķʦѧͽˣԬ촾ǲ鴤˼£תͳ˷ţ̤Ӣ޸ȥ˺档
һӾʣҹδͰ
ʱһݵҹδ룬ֽȫĲ²֮⡣һͷס
ķˣҹʦʦûˮƽˮƽ̫ˡֻǿһۣжϳǱˡ
ߴ˰
ϴ˰
ʦǳݺϣǸķ˰
ҹδ뵭һЦȻأ
ҹδĴָʦߣʵǸߣ
ʱѾȻһƬ
˰ôµģ
£¸ԣ
ѵδ롭ҹʦ޸˷ڣ
㲻ǣӦҲˡ
ֻһۣжˣı°
ֻô£ô޸ˣ
˵ǸҲˣֻ𻵲ʮ֮һҹʦô˵ģ
ǱˣȲãȲã
ҹδûгȥʱȥ԰ڵ˼
öס
ο
ôһҹδԼܿͻæЩ޸ʿµܵԼ
ҹδ뷭䣬װģؿµʿ
ʱӢһãȻͻ
ⲻ
ֻ˲ʮ֮һôͷأ
ʵƬɢڵϡ
Ԭ촾˽ͷһ۵ϵƬɫһľ磬һ۾ͿƬȷʵǱ޹Ȼֻ˲ʮ֮һȴ˷Էڲ𻵡ؼҲʲô÷ֻһƷ
ʵϣƷҲкû֣֮Ҳϸ֡ǰҲֻǺϸƷ˵ķһõƷҲỵôס
ǡ
»û˵Ҫ֮ǰˣ޸ˡҹδѾ޸ˣξǷʦġ
ؿһӢɡ
ӢͷԬ촾Χɢ˰ɡ
Ȼɢȥ
Ԭ촾һҹδķ䣬ջȥˡ
ʮ˺ŷڡ
ҹδ벻üͷⶼˣôһʿû
ⲻ԰
Ӧöµ

ʦ
ȥôû޸ģ
ǣʦȥ
ܿ죬ͻˣɫʮֲÿ
ʦû޸
Ϊʲô
Ϊ֮ǰʦЩʿ㲻Ʒ˾ȥˡ

ҹδһӣҲ⣬ʱÿ䡣ŷ俴
һֱ磬ҹδ񣬱СʦˣȥʳóԷǵȥ򷹣
࡭
һԷҹδĶӹС΢΢һ죬վȥ
ȥʳá


36 
ȥʳãڵҹδƨƨߵȥ򷹡
Ǹҹδ롣ʳ˵һۿ˵ġ
˵Ӣºһ޸ûһȥ޸ԺҪûʿȥ޸ǲǴ֡
ᣬҲͽ졣޳ոչȥʿ𻵣ôûȥ޸Ҳ޸
ҹδӿ޸򿪾ˡ
Ϲè˰ɣ
һҹδ벻תͷȥһӰһŮӣһӵŮӣȴʮֵĽֻۡԻΪһǧĵˣǿⱳӰ
̫ˣ
Ҿ˵öԡԱһ̵ͷɶԵġ
ʱ򣬰ŷ˻ˣȰҹδǷݰδǰȻԼǷݡҹδǸŮӵıӰŬ죬ѹ
Ǹ˭
һۣɫһ䣬ѹñҹδ뻹ͣǸ˽˵ֶŮ˵֮ǰھƷ˾ģܴġ֪ΪʲôǴˡ
Ŷ
ҹδ벻ڹģͷʼ
˵ۺͿԼʲôϵ
ο
ԼҲȷʵһʵķʦֻҪԼʱ䣬ԼԻΪһǿķʦ
ΪԼռ䣡
ŵŵɡ
ҹδ벻ȴû뵽ŷߵҹδӵĶ棬ҹδ벻ò̧ͷȥ

ҹδ벻һӡ
ʵϣֻûŮζǺҹδı͸Ůˣȴ˵Ӣ
һ·ǾһӢС
һŮǰһ˫Ҷüһ˫üһ˫۾ǳƤҲһŮǰۣȴԵӢͦ
ֻǿһۣҹδо͸ֳ˸֣
Ӣˬü
ɵģֱʵܲ
˵ǣ𣿡ҹδƽ˵
ţҡͷ
ⲻͽˣҹδֿʼԷ
ҹδҭùǺȥۿҹδ޸ڡ˾͸˽ҹδˣ֪ҹδڷżѵ츳ȴһϵĲֻƾ츳оʵϾһѧߡ
ˣȻҹδһ۾Ϳˣ
ҹδоЩΣ뵽԰Լ̧ͷûһ
ԭھƷ˾
ţҲһ֮ˣһ㡣
ôˣ
ĬƬ̣Щֵؿڵδ룬ǲǾ÷ʦеλʿеλ
ǰҹδͷʦ𾴵ְҵ
𾴣ǺǡЦ
ô𣿡
δ룡ʵΪġʦ֮𾴣Ϊܹʿṩ
Ǹ
˼ǡʵЩʿ
ԣʿǷʦ𾴣ֻΪҪǵĸ룬;ܹѹǡΪǵʵʿ
ѹҹδһĲţô᣿
ҡҡͷ̾ϢһҹδĿ¶ļʶ̫ˡҪסҵĻǿǿҪһҪ
˵սȭͷҹδǰ˻Ρ
ҹδ벻ΪȻԼȻҪԼ˸
һû˵£ͷԷ
ƺҲû˳Է£ֻԷ죬ھͳˡҲк뿪ˡ
硣
ʼʿ޸ˣҹδæµÿ޸֮󣬶Ҫķͼ仭ԼĴϣʱգһķ䡣
ҹδһֱæʮ죬һæµŹȥ޸ʿſʼ١ʮ죬ȴջ϶˼ʮµķͼ䡣ÿ칤ҲľȲ
ҪǣƺǳԾ뷹ģӳǿǻû£׳Դ֮Զתɾûˣÿ칤ʱ򣬾ٶȻǿþˡ
ڵҹδúܳʵÿԼвʮҪԼ޸ⲢҪʱ䣬ʣµʱ䣬Ķͼ䡣

ҹδС³һոմռڳѧһַͼġµĸͼĻԼĴϣоЩڼ˳ȥԣһԴһָڵϻȦȦһľɥ
ſæվʦ
ڸʲôɫͻȦȦľٶҹδЩ档
۾һ죬죬ȴû˵ʲôֽͷ¡


37 
һ˵
ҹδҴȥҹδ뿪ıӰݺݵظԼԴһ£ֳ⣬૵
һһҪʦ˵
ҹδڼһɵ˻վſڵİ
ҽ
ǣʦ
ҹδϣվڶİôˣһľɥ
ʦҡ޸Ѿһˣû޸һη
ѧ޸
ţʹͷʦһᣡ
ҹδ룬лȻΪѧͽûнˮģӦѣȥˡвЩ𡣱ʦӦöԼѧͽһЩѵģ˭ѧͽ
ʦǴڸѧͽ֪ʶҲѧͽԷ
Լʮ춼׬ǧƷʯȻûиһСҲһ졣ĿԱߵһӣ׬ʯȥ޸ģҲжʮƷʯǸڰǰ
ţЩ㣬нˮ
ɫһ䣬ҹδʦǻѧͽһЩнˮģȻ٣ȴҲܹάѧͽҹδȷʵһֱûинˮҪĲ
ʦֻѧ޸
ţҹδ벻һ㣺㲻ǡȥȥˣҪʯ
һ۴ӣҡҡͷ
ҹδиӾ棬ĵĪǰһǮˣ
ҺǮ
ҡͷ
ô
ʳóԡ
ҹδҡҡͷЩʯŰɣԺÿ޸һСʯ㡣
ˣʦҲΪʯ
֪ҹδͷ㻹ѧ޸
ҹδ룬ԼʦƽʱѧͽӹԼչ˵öܺãҲӦý̸˼һЩʲôʦ
֮ǰԼɶᣬԼѾ˼ʮַˣѾܹ̱ˡ
ڻ֣ѧ޸ַ
ҡ񼤶ľǻ浶ơ
ҹδȡһֽݸ˰Ȱѻ浶ķƻҿ
ãллʦ
ʼػԼ˰Сʱʱ䣬һĻ浶ƻ˳ҹδͷ
ĵǶԣ
ڴҹδǡ´л浶ķ
ȻУҹδҡͷ
۾˲ʧȥ˹ʣҹδЦ޸ˣֻǽ浶ķƱˣֻĲ档̻ʱǳϸǿɵȵȣȥ޸ûгɹĿܡ޸һҲֻ޸𻵵ĵطճɹ޸һΪǷʦˣ
ҹδԼռڣؿ̻Ḷ́̾Ϣһ
ǲܵġ޸ĳطķƣһλǻ浶ķƻˣ޸ˡԣҪܹ޸һ浶ﻵˣܹ޸ͱԼܹؿ̻һĻ浶ơ
ǡô죿
ˣҹδô˵ԼȥӣȻһһο̻Լмʯ

ҹδԺÿ޸ָԼʯҲ֧Լġ
ҹδƹ̨ϵǸӵȥһ⡣ţһ߹ǣƤġ
Ŷ
ûɵ˳ȥҲûʯӣʯеġļǲԣҲеǮԼֶûʲôﻹʯġ
ܿ죬һȴƤŹǻˡ棬ѧͽЦ
Ҫˣ
ӴҪͽҹʦˣֻ⻹İø˰
ͽҹʦһ⣿Ҳ̫С˰ɣ
ʮҹδѾ޸Ӯţܶѧͽڶʰʱһ̲סе˼ĥţҹʦϲɣ
ԼҪҪҹʦŪЩ⣿
õ⣿
̾Ϣţûɵ߽˷䣬е
ʦˣҪҸʦˣʦϲôԣ
ʲôԣҹδЦǸ׼ġ
ң
ҹδһָһŹ̨ȥȻϣ÷̻Ļ浶ƣ̻˸ҡ

ʲôϽȥ
ŶŶ
ͷЩԺһŹ˽Ĺ̨ǰŹǷ˹̨ϣʱЩӦˣʦ֡
ǡ
ʲô
޸Ҳһˣûмֵġ
ʵϣҲҹδͻ룬Լռڵϰһ֣뵽档ҲֻҹδⳡзֵˣŻƷ
ȴ벻ʼؿ̻浶ķʮϸעҲˣǵȵ̻ʱȴֺܶطעͽ
飡
һ˷ڵļžһˣɷŭתͷȥʱҹδҲĿӷͼ̧ſڡ


38 ҹϴڷ
űƿһߴ׳׶ʿ˽еһҹδǰĹ̨һţȵ
ϸ޸޻ˣҪÿ
ҹδ΢΢һüͷԷϢʮֱ뺷ӭҹδʮֵĲʣʮ죬δ˲ʿ
׳Ĳͷ
ҹδĿ˾޸ϣķƴԼ֮һ̻Ϊ˱գҹδ뻹ǽռ䡣õĽǣ޸ûϣҹδ˳ռ䣬ΪѾȫˣռϰ
Ʒʯ
㻹ûأǴ󺺵һ˫ۣˡ
׺Ƶҹδһͣв˵ĻʦֻǸһʵΪ硣
ǣҹδľǿƢҲˡһֱΪʦְҵţôͳ˸ˣôͱ˵ǳˣԼûǶԷѽǹ
Ʒʯ
ž
ʿȡƷʯϣǴҹδһȵص˶Էһۣ̫ˣ
һƽһԼ飬ĿǱϡа
ߣңҾͲķƣߣ
ú֭Ĩƽ˲Ƶķƣ˷ԭеķͼ俪ʼ޸
͡
ᳵ·ʮӣҹδ޸Ǳ󸫣·
޺ˣ
һֻץ˾޸룬ȻǴϲĴЦ
ҵı޺ˣЦתȥ
ߣҹδκ߳
ʦ⣡߹СЩʿܴ³ģ춼ɱޣƢúݣ
ҹδͷƽһЩһ۰浶ƿ̵ôˣ
֮һʿһ̻ˡ
ҿ
ҹδվĲ̨ǰǿȥվһԣǿ⣬ǳ鴤һ¡ȥʱ򣬻ΪҹδҪ⣬ݺģʯһȵ¹ŹǣʿкܺõĸЧȴû뵽ҹδ̻
̻ôôһЦ
ҹδĿɨƤϵķƣͷ֮һһˣµͼǶԵģֺ˵ƽʱû¹Ŭܹõġ
˳ȥ뵽Ƥ·üͷ

ʦ
ķͼûдλܲȴ߰㡣㽫ط
ҹδ뽫ָָһƣæԼľ
ˣǳһȲÿǾǿ⡣Ͽ̻Ҳþ̶ܹҪľǳϸҪһ˿㽫ЩֺܹһķϰˣǸʱϰ뾫ǿ⡣
۾
ôû뵽뵽ˣʣ¾ǿֲˡ
Ҳǣ
ôķʦû뵽һССѧͽô뵽
ʦ뵽ˣ
ʦţ
עҹδ뻢һСȵ
ǣʦջϲʵʵӦ
ľҵľߣҸ㽲һ顣
ǣллʦ
ơ
ҹδһŰľ˳ϵķߣһ߸šһӶʱ䡣
Լĥĥ
ллʦҹδϹ
ûʲôңȻҪ㡣
ʦóݵĿҹδ룺̫ˣȻܹ뵽ϡ
ҹδҶҹϴڷ
ҹδĿӵسݡ
ҹδصԼ£˵ڶͼ俪ʼ
ڶ졣
һһȴƤ߹ǣһһʳС±ζʳɢ
ӴѧͽŰֶţ㼥Цҹʦ±԰һȣƨǲ֪ҹʦ᲻ԣϡ
ѧͽһЦ
ЩʦҲݸ򰲶ĿϷʡ
ͷҲʮ˺ŷȥȴǲмǳЦңҾͲϰƵľϣߣҳΪķʦʱǻЦЦĳ
ȡҹδԿףʮ˺ŷţ˽ȥԼĲ̨ϣֽʳзһԵϡȻ㿪ʼʰ䣬ˮҹδ衣
ҹδյ߽޸ӣúܿġÿһ칤Ȼϰ޸Ͼ֮ʱĶ䡣ƽݶֳʵ
յؽ뵽칫ңѾмʦˣ˴˴к·оʦԼЩԣ˼Ҳ˵ҹδҲںŷ䣬ԼλϿ
ԼһӣʿţһʦæµҲˣȵֵҹδʱ򣬱С֪ͨҹδ룬ҹδ뿴һǸʿҪ޸ıվæӹҹδеķͼ䣬һ˱ʮ˺ż䡣


39 öСǮǮ
ţҹδӡпڣҹδҲû˵ʲôǸǸʿ޸˱Ǹʿ뿪֮ҹδʵ
ʲôô㣿
ʦæʺ˹ҹδԱߵĲ̨ϣʳеϰ̻⣬С±һҹʦ
ã
ŵ±ζҹδʳָ󶯣߹ǶгһСһС飬ҹδӹ׼õĿӣһ
ţղζá
˼ҼҾǿ±ģҼ洫ҴʱҰ־ͽ±⡣
ôûӳиҵҹδһ߳ţһʵ
Ҫʦһͦ
־
ҹδֳ˼飬ˡôһʳе±⣬ԼҲԲ˰
Ҳԣ
ڼҳԹˣ

ҹδСԴ룬Լ޸Ҳһˣûͬ³Թʳȥ
ʦæǰӹҹδеʳС
žž
һ뵽칫ңҹδ°ƣʱڴ칫ڻλʦͼλѧͽ̧ͷҹδ롣
λкóԵġ
ЩʦѧͽЦΰʦڵһ磬㻹ûʱǾͿŵʳˡ
Һ˵ҹδüɫ裺ҿǼ洫±գҸղųˣζóԵĲˣпڸˡ
գ
һҪ
λʦͼѧͽ߹һһ͵óԣ
ſ˹һ߽һ˵ҵһʦûм±ԣŵδ뼸ѧͽ֪ͽˣ
ǣʦҲǡ
ֳ˻֮ɫӡԼͳˣԺ˭Լ
ʦѧͽ򰲶ĿҲ⡣һӣ˹ĺ棬˵

ҹδһüͷܿչüͷ磬ᰲˡⲻŽ̰Ʒˮƽֲȥ̣Ҿ뵽⣬һ⣬Ȼϰ˲ϰǿķ涼ܹϰ
ڷʦѧͽһ㣬̶۾Щѧͽ۰Ͱ͵Լʦ
δ룬̫ˣô뵽
ʲô
ԭЩѧͽҹδͳ±飬֪ͨķʦ޸ķʦһص˴칫ңӢҲƤˡ
ͽܵķ㽫˵һ顣
Ԭ촾ʱҲ⣬ԭ鹤ġеķʦڴ칫⣬ɫǵ깨Ļ֮ȴһɿڵ
ⲻǶѧͽðԷʦҲð
һʦӦˡ
ǰ
ҲϰƷư
ЩʦҲźܶķƲᣬ߲ͼأҪȫᣬôף
ÿͼ䶼Ҫ÷ȥϰЩʦɹۣҲ𰡡
ǡ
ҹδķʡǮҴΪѧ·ƵٶȰ
Ԭ촾͵ؿҹδҹʦ
ȻֶԴҵҲŬ޸ˮƽ
ǣ˶˷ܵӦ
Ԭ촾ڰ֣˵ˣҪȥִ㱨Ϣ
ǿҲȥһ⣡ȣһҽ㣬һʦԼá

һʦ׷´һѧͽҲ˸߲ҵĴӦԼܹѧϰƷˡ
򰲶
ʦ
Ѿܹʦʦǰϡ񰲶ĿУʦֻһǾҹδ롣
ҿ̻⣬ûȥ±⣬Ȼҳԡ
ң
ң

һʦ׷׿ڣʱͿҹδ뼱æλҪѧϰƷҲҪϢô࡭нʮ˰ɣʱ䣡
øмĿҹδ롣
Ǿ͸ҵ±
֣аҪĵ
ҹδɣÿ찴հչЩù⣬Ȼÿ±ˡûɣ
ʲô
ԭ׼͵ģڸһǮʲôͬģ
Ҳܸˣ𿴽ʮܶ࣬ҵ±ȫܹóȥҿ洫ڴܶ˶ӺԶĵط±⡣
һǰչڱˣǸͲʲô
ţ
ԼջȻ˳ɼ۸ϰ֡ϰ׬ɣԼ׬ɡÿʮ⡭
ĬĬһ£ԼҪ׬Ǯˣһ١
öСǮǮ


40 Ů
ӵڶÿ糿ʮѧͽÿ˶뵽޸Ϊ޸һ󾰹ۡҲÿ±⣬޸Ʈ˵㡣
һ죬ҹδ޸űƿ˽ҹδû̧ͷרĵ޸뿪ڣȴֹסֱ޸˷ҹδ̧ͷſ񣬼æվ
ִ£
ţͷȵǸʿȥԺŵҹʦ˶ɡ
ɣҹδɫһ㡣
ţ˭ͲҪˡΪ˼ҵеġҲ֪ǷʦΪƷƷͣһƷߡϾǴʦǣҪΪʦͱ׼ҲҪΪƷʦҪ˵ģ㲢ûоˣҵûоˣͲܳΪʦûгΪʦȻͲ޸һʸ⡣
ŶҹδͷǣԼӦܹͨ˵ġǾȥһ¾ˡ
δ룬˽⡣Ȼ츳ѣѧϰƷҲͲµʱ䣬ܻһ־ƷƷ
Ŷˡ
ҪΪƷʦͱܹһ־ƷƷ֣һ־Ϳԡ
ɣȥƷòļ飬ѡһѧϰһ£ѧ˾ңҸ㰲ſˡʱ䣬ͲҪ޸ˡ
ԭҹδԼѾһַˡѾ˷ˡҪ֪ÿһᶼһַͼ䡣ѾٶˡһƷƷһӣı⣬ԼȥѡһЩѧϰһ¡ҹδڷżߵ飬ͷ
ã
Ҳҹδ̬ȣԵͷοδ룬Ҳż
ף
ˣҹδվԼϰȥ󡣡

һɴŮ߽˳ţҡҷˣȹ档ŵʿΧ˶͵͵ؿǸŮӣӶ߲ʱ˹˵ʿˮ
ŮȻɴòֻǿκ·ķ飬Ϊ֮㵹
Ů߽ź󣬴һȥ
̫ˣ
ͣ㿴ʲô𣿾У
ÿòҡҷˣҡҲвеġ

ɲҩС
ɴŮӴ̧ͷһҶչһЦǸɴһոմ߳ʿŲһģˤ

ЦӯӰͬ΢ιŮѾתͷȴ̵ƹѾӹ̨ӭ˳ǸŮӴ˺ţʧӰ
Ժ
ƹŮ߽˷䣬ƿǽϳһţŮ߽˰ţһ»أعԭ
С
ǽڶŷƣϢ
ƹһ˵ģŮʩݼʹ
ŮϥһϣȪ㶣𣺡ʣڵ顣
ʹǷڵıƻˣҸıòȴҲһֱڼӴڷַڱƻĵգͱץ˵ԶԶҲû޸˵һҹδ޸˷ڡֻҵõϢ̫ˣҲ֪أҴϢҲǺͨԣûüϢͳȥ
ҹδ룿Ůʲôˣ
һʮŮӡһŮޣô޸ڣҴ̽Ϣָ
ǾɱҪһ
Ͻ
ȻĸǱɽ䴩СǵžĻûаͣһ·ֱ󻪹ķӡ
ֻǵϽ̫ˣϽɽɽ·СϽڡȻɣǹ⣬׳ĸ˸ˡЩеϽµģеϽʿµġ
ɴصĺö̴٣ȶʼ΢΢Ͻʿ׷ɱһ·ĸʱĸУΪģʱѾҪﵽ˼ޣֻڿ֧š
Ȼ߰ɣҸǵ󣡡ͦסˣͣ˽Ų
ǹһѽɱ˱ϣŲصؼС
磬ңǶ
һԵ׳ɿɣģһҺǹ⻻ű㡣
ǵġ
ɿɣô˵ҲϽʿУ֪Ͻʿֶ
ǻúܶƳ뵽ڣ嵱һƳƳͻ໥ɡǸζ
˲ϵطҽУͬĲҽУһֱǸʱ㣬ûˣƳˣ˾ʣһƤ


41 Ͻ˫Ӫͱ
˵ˣˣʵ̫ˡ
˵ܱϽЩץס
ţʵܲˣһҪɱҡ
˵
˵ġ

ǰ·ȻͻȻһȻǹҲԼĴܵһµıϣ·ȥһƬƺƺ֮£ж
Ѿӿյ
ſǹϵĺɫ԰ףȻ㣬°ɣ
ȻʱҲɫ԰ףϽʿֶι죬ǹ˵Ĳ⣬ʵԼԲܳΪƵ֣һҧ

ʱǹѾɷĸ˻ͷһۣѾܹ׷ӰӣȻȻȥ
ʵϣĸ˵ΪҲˣżⲻͣصͱڣ·ȥµǣһϿȣ޴ӣձ档
ӰƲ㣬ӳס
ĸвһһ·ܣѾĵ߰˰ˣǻܹȫ½£ÿν̤ͱڣĺܴ󣬿¼ֲ˶ãͻʧȥƣˤ£ˤ
Ǳߣ
׳ͻȻŲͱڣб·߱ڶȥʱʣҲǱһ͹Ȼƽ̨
ಡ
ĸƽ̨ϣƽ̨Ѿɫ̦ͱųܵĹ١
һɽ
Ȼ͸ٵķ϶һڡ
ߣ
Ȼ̧ͷһۣ׷û߽˶ڣ˽
߽ڣĸɫֳʧ֮ɫ
ԭڴ㹻ܹгڡǣֻжʮ׳һ۾˵ס޴ӡ
ǵĿ⻹һ£Ϊǿɽײϥһˡ

һˣһʬ壬Ϊ˵·Ѿˣ¶Ĺͷ
ȻһӣǸʬǰĿһɨ㿴һѾ˵ϡ
ûдȴǼ۾ʱһץǸ˻ǸҶˣû˵ʲôҹӥСѾγ˹أʱ䡣
Ͻ
ɽɽ֣ͲԴ䣬ɽɽɽɽϣ밤룬ɽվ㣬ɽ֮䣬žڱӡ
ٶȼ죬һ߱ӣһĴһ٣ͣһô£ĿϣϿһӥ죬ҹӥСӵİţӥķȻڵķ
ΪҹӥСߣһ˱Уа׷Ȼǡʱ鿴һǸӥ죬ָտϲãĿ˳ӥķȥȻӶȥ
ಡ
ʱڰɽжʮϽʿɽϱӣžܿ챼ӵɽ£ͷɽȥȻӶϡ
ɽڡ
ȻѾǾʬ壬һҲûĶ
֣ͻȻ
һӣվ˺ɵߣұȥ
ڶұϣý̳֡
˵ʿԶϽ̡ʼôʤɱƹȣƹƷ񣬵ߡ֮ʱйƶѰˡȴƶѾȫʧ
Ҳûʲô½Եǰȡߣ뽫ɽʵΪҵĹҡ
ĸ˿꣬̾Ϣһ
Լ޾ȵʱѾǷһˣɽ²ˡ
ǡ
ԼҲǱ׷ɱԼܹӵù׷ɱ
֮ϡ
ʮϽʿվ±ߣ·ȥ
ȥˣ
Ӧǣнӡ
ô죿
ʮˣȥ
ಡ
ʮӰȥ˫ŲͣͱϣٶȣӰܿʧİ֮С
žӰͬһ۽ھʮϽʿԼʮңһôϣ¶Դȥоǽǡ
ӥķָʣȻǴȥˡ
ʮˡ
žüͷ֪ʮΪȴɵʮˡ
ô죿
ϡ
Ѿ˴·ıײ
Ȼ棬Ѿˣ
ž伱ˣҲûʲôõİ취һݣϷ˹ȥͬʱγ˱ĳ
¶ϵʮϽʿʱȫûעⱳǶڵͷ·ȻƲ赲ǿעȫ·֮ʱѾˡ
â罾


42 
һʿžĳϱɵâͬһ޵ն
ۡ
ʱĸϽʿնϣʣµʿ;¶ܣ
ಡ
ʿ£Ǹո£žѾ¶ٴλնɵâŸոµɨȥ
ʱʿҲѾ԰γԼıǵĵ̫
ϡ
͵âཻҲȲסԼΣͬһ·׹䡣
ಡ
žҲ£Ըƣеĳϵնÿһնɵâ
ϡ
ϵཻÿһײ·ϽʿجΣΪǽ޸žͻϮʱѾԶ£ÿһײǵ׹䡣ž״Ҫõö࣬ÿһײ˵һηٶȼ
ۡ
ݵν棬һϽʿžնɱ˫뵽Ʋ֮Сž䰴ռ䣬ɻӵննƲ㣬ǿ·״
һɽɽǰһƽ̨
Ǹƽ̨վͻԵӵսĻվˡԣʱƽ̨֮ϣֻվˡڳɽڽֻҪǽɽͿøƽ̨ϣ뵽ɽ
ǣȻҲ뵽һ㣬ɽֹˣʣµľŸϽʿֻùϡ

ǹϡ
ƽҲû͹϶ǾŸϽʿһֻűһֻֿϵ͹߷϶ϣĿŶǰƽֻ̨Ҫǵͬ鹥ɽǾͿȥ
ˣ
ʱϷ˱ײͲҽ̧ͷȥžƲ㣬µͬ顣
žڿеתƽ̨ȥ
ͱϵϽʿɫһ䣬žʵдƣƽ̨ϵ˵ס
顭
ϵϽʿһͱڣαбϳӭ˴ӿиž䡣
ϡ
ײž䱻Ϸ𣬶ӭžϽʿȴ·׹䡣Ͻʿڿͱڵķȥڴͬʱͱϵʿеһž˹ȥ
ץʱǳãǽǰʿžʿ棬ϵʱѾ׷ž䡣һǹž˹ȥ

ž䱬һеĳ·Ͻʿȥһһʵ財ͬʱڿһ
ڿУס
͡
ǳǹǹ罣һž·ǰظһ˿ڡ
飡
ž䷴һץסǹˣȻȣҲ๥ǸϽʿ

ҽž׼ҲϽʿĽϣǸϽʿڿеɣһ·ȥ

ϽʿĳײǸϽʿͬһ׹ͬʱžǹϽʿȥ

Ͻʿοϱ
һȭžĴŽĺ˹ȥ
顭꣡
첲ˡ
Ϊž䣬Ю֮Ƶž䡣
ο
žĴ򷨾Ǻ͡
ҽһɿǹĴ֣·׹䡣
ˡ
ž佫ǹͶ˳ȥͱԼϽʿеһ
ϽʿæӶеֱն

ˣźǣûǱ͵ĳǹ
һ̫ࡣ
ۣ
ǹ͸ţڿеɡ
ͣ
ǹᾡͱڣϽʿǹϡ
ˡ
žŤ糵

󵶵ϽʿĹϽʿ絯׹䣬ž΢΢ϸ֮󣬱ƽ̨ȥ
žԼͬ飬Ǹƽ̨ϵϽʿˡ
ˣ
һжڼ̵ʱڷž䷢һȵʱɽڵȻпϲҵطǲҪϽʿҪȥžϡ
ϡ
žĴն£ΰһƽ̨ϵϽʿоһɽǵС

ôһ֮䣬Ȼĳ̽һϽʿࡣһҽʣµϽʿĻš
ʱžδž޷֮Ƴײ¡



43 󺣻
ཻһϽʿ㷭ƽ̨·ȥ
͡
ǹδɽڳȥһиһϽʿʺѪ䡣
飡
žƽ̨ϣĿ·ȥ·һϽʿڿͨŤԼΣԼķͱڿ˹ȥֻҪͱڣǾܹͨŲͱйǵʵȫܹ
ˣһܹٴ׷
ɿɣž份
ˣ
ɽ̵䵶ʣȡ±ŵĹ
乭
ԡ
һһ·޴ţھϽʿȥ

ҽУϽʿ˫ʧȥɣͬʯͷһ׹䡣

зϽʿʼʸһʧȥ˵Ŀܣһɫƽ̨ϵĺɡ
ߣ
žһݣ̤ұڣϷݶȥȻĸˡ
̤̤̤
ĸԳһұԾܿû޻Ʋ㡣
顭
ϣתͷ·ȥƲһϽʿұԾݶϡ
žԸɱ乭ݶϵϽʿȥͬʱžҲ˽µʯȻʯ飬·ϽʿͶ˹ȥ
ʵϣǹʯ飬žǶ֪˲ЩѾ׼ϽʿҪľϽʿ
ȻЩϽʿ׷׻ʸʯ飬ͱݶϣܵʸʯĻ򣬱㲻·ȥȻݶϣֱʸʯ򣬼ЩϽʿʧȥݶϣƲ㣬ֿҷͱϣһࡣ
ߣžͷɽ±ӶȥȻĸ˸߲ҵؽ
磬û̫ˡȻ˷ܵ˵
Ҳû£ҵ˻ǲݡ
ģ
ذɽǣδβ
̫ˣ
ҹ
һɽȣһΧžˣΪ˰Ͻʿһֱӵڣȷû׷ſʼ
ʱϼһֻɽտζѾɢ˳
žûиԼĶѣԼץ˹ơֻǸԼҹ˳
ȻʱѾڵĶ˳
ʯеҩǸȴǲҩ˽ĶˣֻһơаƴСΣмһơ֡
磬ʲôȻǸʵ
žӹǸϸȴҲʶȴһְ֮С
Ҳǹ̵ưɣǸʿáž佫ǸƻȻ
Ȼ㣬Űɡɵ
ҲУȻҲûаƵ£ֲʲôԴĿǸϣ
ô
žǹƲɡҹӥСԣ᷽࣬һܹװĶ
˵Ȼͬˡ
һֲǼˡ

̫ϧˣã
ҹӥСӵƶֿã
磬šȻݸž䡣
žɫԥһ£ջҡҡͷڱ˹ƣǸʥŮѰ
ϳѾˣ读ĹԼ
϶ᣡ
ԼȻһ𣬱ضǡ
ȻŰɡ
ΪʲôȻŴ۾ž䣬Ҳˡ
ž̾ϢһıȡһƵҵõ˵һƼơλȥ֮ȥ

Ȼĸ϶ֳϲһΧǿƼơ
磬ϲ㣡ȻϴϲãҲŲ衣
ӳϲ㡣ǹҲˡ
ӳĪĽ
ӳ㷢ˣһҪǷɡ׳˷ܵ
žпЦԼһУΣնϻǴϲõ
ȥܣǶŪȥ
ԶԣǶȥ˳شЦ

߳һ߰ס
ž䣬ɣǹ׳ں˯
Ȼ˫ֱϥߵһ߰ףϵɫЩᡣ
Ҫ뿪Լǰˡ
ԼҪ縺ҹӥСˡ
Լܹ
ִӻȡǸƿţĹЩˡȴһְĸоҲݸоȻ֯һСӣ棬˲ϣ
Ըܹڵ򿪾棬ҹӥСӶȥ


44 

ƻ衣
ҹδȥ˲󣬽屾飬һУ߳Ʒ˾
ڿ֮ǰǲܼ޸ˣЩӾʹڼȽ屾鿴ꡣ뵽ңҹδ𣬸ֳҸЦݡ
ҹδ֮ܰҲסˡһСԺ䷿˸һ䡣ܰԼ˴Ϊ£˶нˮûҹδ׬öࡣҹδ׬ʯܰҲûƴǣЩӣ˵Ϊ˲١
һ飬һӣװʯ
׬˲ʯأ
ھҹδ֮ǰ࣬һ¥ĶٴλʹɴɴǰϰڷĵС˺һƣʱһֻ޳һֻСɵľƱƱڵľҺ̣ǴΪľƣ̺Ӵ΢΢̽ףڽֵϣϲ̵ҹδ롣
ָھƱպһξҺָһǵξҺ˽ֵһ󺺵ϣǴһ̧ͷȻͿ˶¥ϣλŮһ˫
󺺵û㱣ӭѾԶҹδȥ
ϣ
γгҹδ˹ȥ

ҹδд󾪣ûʲôΪѾؿǱԼѾһ磬඼ܹоı
ۡ
һɵڻƻ£ͬһ⣬Ǹ󺺵üġ󺺵ֱһǽҹδ಻磬ȴͣ
飡
Ǹˤڵϣһ߾СһӰѾվҹδߣĿɨӣյָŷɵ
¥Ѿʧ˺ŮӰĿɨһȦûҵΣգ΢΢һ
˭Ȼҹδһľ衣
Ǹűˣؼҡ
ŶŶ
ҹδͷֻǲ֪Ϊʲôô͵͵
Ҳ֪˵ǲģ
ԼӦİɣ
˵Ӱʧ¥ſ߳ǸŮһҹδʧķ򣬵ͷȥ
ҹδصңܰԻûлҹδǸݣǸһᣬŵվԺ£ҹδ롣
ˣ
ģıԼġ
ҹδʯ鼮ʼûãԺ˼ٵĽŲҹδӳڳлŲ˵һСܽš
ȻͿ˴УܰԷ˽ܰԻûпҹδ룬ɤź
δ룬δ룬û°ɣ
û£
ҹδһһֱŵķ
磬ĸ硭ٸҹδ뼱æ²˵Ŵʩ
飡
ܰǰһһһվҹδ࣬Ŀ´ҹδ룬ȻһʱȴĿǸ꣬Ǹ걧һ
ҹʦû¡
ҲһҹδҲǸȷʵǸģӯӯһ
δлٸ
̧δ벻ضǰķţҲǴı֡
ҹδˣԼ츳Ӯ˸ӡ
ٸδϾ³Զٷδıл⡣
ã
лشúܸɴ࣬ҹδܿ죬Ҳ˹нܣǴеĻ֮һ껡
ϯ䣬ʵٸû˭ɱδ룿δҲûеˡ
ҹδҲһ˫Ŀ˴УҲڴиһ𰸡ÿ춼ĵط̿ͣǧշİҷʱл㱨Ȼûʲôǿ϶ɱйء
΢΢üǸ󺺵ıѾˣףûκδɱҹʦ
ΪʲôҪɱδ룿δûе˰ܰԲ޵
ɲ˵Ҫ˵ҹʦûеˣȴ
ɫһ䡣
ҹʦ޸ƻķڣءԸ񣬲ܲҹʦ
Ǹ󺺲ҹδ
дĿҹʦ㲻֪һ֮ΪȻ˲þûв´ĻӦˡ
ɫôᱻƻڲƻδô޸ڣʲôҪɱ
ҹʦЩͲҪˡһų
ţ
ҹδͷڲȥûʲôִҲ׼ڼ￴Ʒġ
󣬴бȥȴ
ҹδصԼķ䣬ȥɱԼ¶Ϊ֪ԼҲûã˭ԼûԱأ

ҹδ̾һԼĸע֮;ûδ


45 
ɣ
ҹδһƷͼ䣬ܿͳ˽ȥ
ڶ죬һˡҹδܸˣһЩʯðԼȥһЩƷߣֽī֮ģҪʼѧϰ
ûķѧᣬ̫ˣһ࣬ѧʲôʱ
ֻҪһ־Ϳ˹ˣܶǼߣһڷͷţܹͷʱޣֻһӡ
ѧ
ԣҹδһ־Ʒѡһʵõķ屾飬ÿһǧַ屾ǧ֡ѾĿ¼ѡʮ֣׼ϰʮ֡
Ʒߣҹδ㿪ʼŲÿ칤֮⣬ʣµʱѧϰƷǽ뵽ռѧϰȻ
ÿѧһַԼĴϼһµķռķÿָķܶԭĸ߳ɡ
ȻҲÿһʱָÿ춼ÿ±⣬ܰԺ껳Եù񫡣

Ϊ֮һ¡˵ضΪ֮
˾ݣһӣʱ£Ŵŵĺϵȴûȥһ£г˽ţǰһ¯
ǵ
ֻҪɹƳǵʹһƷʦ뵽Ʒʦ
ʦľƷʦһӾƷһƷƷͣһƷߡɾһƷʦϾʦ
˾һƷʦľѾ꣬ϣɹһ졣
СزٿŻ¶ȣʱ
ǡ
飡
ը¯ˣ
飡
˾ƿţͷ˳ƺͲʡ
һǰԺĸ֡
ǰĵģƵĵҩסĵطʦڳ㺰
ˣ׼ϴˮ
ǣʦ
һѧͽϽȥ˾׼ϴˮ֪˾ζʲôʧˣʱɲʦ
һӰǰĴţΰòܹԸΪ
͹٣ҪʲôҩǰѧͽæӭԺ˾ݱŭʱһҪڿ졣
ϰ廹˾ݰɣ
Ժϴ˾ɫһҲ˲ԼͷСŴӺųǰֳ꣬ϲ֮ɫ
䣡
˾磡㡭ôˣ
ҡ˾¶Цʧˡ
žֳ֮ͬɫ겻㻹ûгΪʦ
ˣ´һ˾ֵȭͷԼ
һӺڿڣ˾ѾϴװףںȲ衣
䣬ã
ܿߣҪæ
˾ɫһ䣬ȹҵ֣
žͷܣ˾磬ұϽʿ˹ơ
ʲô˾һӱ
žֿɬ˾ݵɫ£סž̽˽ȥܵ
ܸоڵλ𣿡
žҡҡͷ˾ɫأ˵ž䱻µĹƷܸߡ
ʱţɫӵغһһϸžڣȴǷſ֣ҡͷ
Ѳ鲻
žͷɫ⣺ԼѲܶˣҲҲ˾磬ûа취𣿡
Уȵȣ
˾ȥһһƿ˽һŵҩݸž
䣬Ƶ֮ڵĹƻᱻƵȥŵҩȷλú͹ƵƷ֡
ã
žſǿƵȻĿϸϸӦͬʱ˾Ҳסž̽ȥ
ߣ
žƺһоԼഫҵʹͬʱ˾Ҳ׽ǸƳ档
ǸƳܿʹ˳ѪθѪ˳ǿŵҩɣȻַࡣ
˾硭žɫ԰׵˾ݡ
˾ɫأǽƣ
𣿡
˾ɫãȴǳ̾һûа취ֽܹƵĿҲֻϽƽ̣ţ칬
һ綹ƵĹ䡣
ž¶ϣһĳ
ȷ˾޷ԸԼڵĽƺž͸ȥص齵ĿջҶԱ˵ϽʿؿֲƳ˵ġԣϽʿһ˭¹Ƴ棬̱Ǳ¹Ƴ֮˻˺
ԣԼֹƳ飬ҲֻҺ֮˾˵˾ҲҪƳ棬Ҳֻĸط


46 
ȥˣ
ʵϣž䲢ȥҹӥС˵ҪȥֻҪ뿪ҹӥСӣҹӥСӡ
ûб¹Ƴ֮ǰмĻᣬžϲ񡣵Ǳ¹Ƴ棬ϽʥŮʹȥžĵ׵ִ
Ǵ󻪹˳羴ʥ֮أ˵ǵڶס˴塣󻪹Ϳ̿һʥأžǳݵģ˺һ˿һԣûȥֻŽǲݸҹδ֮ԼԶ磬ĴˣܹҵƳķãҲԼ͵
ǣ˾ԵҲƵķĶˡ
û
رа취ŵ£
磬ǻˣ
ȻűƿȻɣǹ׳˽
磬ǰЩҩˣ˺öʯ磬𣿡
ţˡžֳЦݣûʲô¶Ϣ뿪ذɽǡ
ɲҩС
Ժ
һҶҡҷҶ£һζȦȦ
Ůزز˿ϣų˼Ʈ˴ġ
ԭΪǱɱһҹδҲֵ飬ȻԷشġȴû뵽ҹδ뾹Ȼ˰бԴϴδɱʧ֮ҹδ㲻ˡ
Ǻã
ŵŵɡ
һŲƹ˷ܵĳ˽߽ͤܵʹҹδˡ
ҹδȷʵǳˣΪʮоƷѾѧˡҪȥƷ˾ʣµļƷ鼮
ҹδƷ˾屾飬ֽ߱Ʒ鼮ΰţɰŴ鼮ҲûأҹδûƷ˾飬뿪Ʒ˾Լļȥ
ҹδ֣бһһ껣һһ鼮˺档
Ŀ⾯Ĵ鿴ʱ׼֡
ֻΧͣҲкܶʿֻû˶࿴һۡ
̸ЦС
ϣ
껵ĳͬˮһͻȻй

һ֧նļʸɫصݼ֮ϣվһˣŹ
͡
յıɵͬĵ⣬ĸʿھҹδһ׿Եڵء
ǣʿҹδ˹âԶԶҹδ̶
䡭
ҹδбİѾǰķӰڷ˳ھĲٿ¼
һһֽ棬ͬʱиֵַ껺Ͱͷ˼
ʯľ׶
ЩҹδЩĸ־ƷҹδΪģ̻ͬ
ķȻֻǾƷȴҲ˹Ĵ̿æҡͻٶȡرҹδķɡвһЩΪ͵Ĵ̿͡
һһϵķ֣ȻҲǾƷǲ̫࣬ǹĽâ˺һһ㣬ȴֳһ㡣
ϡ
״񣬳âʮɵâһ޵ҹδ赲Ƭ̣еĹԶݼһͬʱһɵ
ۡ
һ֧ʸᴩ磬еķɵڵϡ
͡
һâйҹδߣѪ˲Ⱦ
ҹδֳһ˿ңķһӶк˳ȥ
䡭
ĹâѾûҹδ룬껺ͰӰҹδоԼֱͻȻץסȻɼ˫أ˴ŷ
䡭
ץҹδײһţ˽ֵԵһ̡
䡭
âǹնǼϣǼ̹âţǽϵķƼס˹
ಡ
Уһӳշһ̿˻ȥ
Ӻ󣬵žʿſ˽Ŀҹδ껵ϡ
껣Ϊ׵һʿȵ
ŵվϻѪҹʦظ
ҹʦã
һ¥زز͸ųҹδȥ³һ΢΢üͷ
ǷѾ
ҹδصҲãбˡԭҹδ˵͸ĵʦͳʦѾߡڴִĸˡ
δ룡˵ĸ°ɣˣҪչˡλ粻㣬ѾʡеʦͳʦΪ˵ӡ
ҹδ뻹˵ʲô
ֻелλʦҹδˡҹδƲأֻƤˡܿϣǸʦָˡ껵ƿɱҹδضˡ
ҹδʱȴڷĸˣӲסˡתͷһվݽǣûһˡʱĵҹδ롣

ʦæݽ˳վҹδǰ
ҼǵԱߵķҲڳ⣬ȥܲ
ǣȥҴȥ

վǰˣ


47 ƪ
ˣƵɱδܹʮ˸ʮһ׽߸ʮ˸˵ıˣûв鵽֮߸Ҳǵôɱδ飬ӦõıĻԻˡ
šüͷ˼ûв´ӦǴˡ
ɫһ˵ȻЩʿɱδ룿
ٵ˵壬δ𣿡
ûУдǣǸȻʮ˸ˣһȻˣǺã
ɲҩС
С
ƹͺززԶƹСźزز
ʹ´ǲȻЩΪߵ壿
ززһۣɲǼƹʧ
ΪҲ룿Ϊߵ˲ôȻġһǾǻᱩ¶ҡ
ƹŬԼô죿Ҫ´ٶȻһЩˣ
ززҡҡͷһʱɣƴٿˣͷȥ˵ɡڰֻҪ¶лᣬ
ܰɫشӸ˳żȥжʮֽǣδ뱻嶢ˡ
СܣͻȻϤĻ
ܰԻȻתͷϱֳϲ
磬㣡
ȻžȻδأδ벻Ǻʹһ𣿡
ǻذɽˣ嶼ðɣ
Ƕãδأ
δڼˡܰԵͷ˵
ʲôȻˣδĲǺôˣ
ɱˡ
ɱȻȻ˰˶ȣδôᱻɱǲδ룿
ңͷһ
飡Ȼһץס죺˵
žǰֿ˵δû°ɣ
û£˵ˡո̿͡
ͺãžһ߱˵ɡ
ã
ڲסڸˣ
ţңܺδһԺӡ
ʱѾ뿪ˣҹδڴϣŸոս飬Ŀ¼Ҫʮӽϣ˷û׼ķѾˡԣ׼ѧһ־ƷȻͿʼѧϰƷ
˲翿
δ룡
δ룡
ҹδɫһǡ
Ȼ˲ߵʹ
ҹʦѾ߼æǰ
ҹδȴǿ첽ߵſڣƿȻѾſڡ
㣬㣡磡
δû°ɣȻҹδĵط
û£ֻǸһӣƤˡ磬㣬ôˣ
δ룬ҵ˵Ĳˣ
ţǵأδ뿪ĵصͷһصڴǰһСŮģ
һȺ˼ҹδķ䡣ž佫ɣǹ׳ܸδ롣ѾæŰһӣȻ˲裬ʶȤ˳ȥŷֹϣվ⡣
žοҹδ룺û뵽ǵСδѾǷʦˡҺ㻹ȥϽΪѰһǲݣûඣ
ҹδϾֳжЩ۸ˡ
һһ໥˵ŸԵľžһԾҶʱڴž䣬ǹ׳ʱѲǱ塣Ȼͺҹδ룬ֱҳ
ҹ
ҹδ뿿ڴͷžƷͼĿ¼һʱ򣬷һķ¼Ķǲȱķͼ䡣
Ҳַ£ҹδȴǾһ
ȱķԱ˵ûãԼռԲȫ
ҹδһпȥ

ҹδһһҳ飬дϲ
úܹ㷺ܹ˵Ϊһܹصܹ
ԣǿͨʳϢǱڴе壬ֻҪÿ·ʳһݣܹڱԼֱ治ȴܹ
ɱҵ壬ؿĶܣ
ҹδ
ؿһȻ뵽ռڡ
ռڡ
Ķռ䣬һķҹδʣʼ
ʧܣ
ʧܣ
ʧܣ
ʧܣ
һȱķͼжǳϸɣǿȫȷҪҹδϸ۲ռڵķһһȥԡ
֪ȥ˶ãҹδоԼľѾĵ˾ͷûгɹòռ˳
ϥʼ칤ָ˾֮ƣҹδ뵹ͷ˯


48 ܳ
ڶʱ򣬴Ѿȥ۾㿴Ȼͺڴǰ塣
㣬ɿɽ㡣
δ룬ˡδ˯һɡȻ˹
ˣҹδ벻˼
ȻһҹδͷǺСʱһѾ߰ڷ
극ҹδԼˣɻ˴ϣ뵽ռ䡣
Ĺȣòռڳʱ򣬷ȻͺһվĴǰȻǵ
δ룬ôˣϢһӱôɫҲһӱô԰ף
û£һͺã
ҹδڴϥãʼ칤Ȼͺɵǵҹδ룬ҹδɫúΣЩҹδչۣȻ㼱æʵ
δ룬Ĳǲûȫã
ǣҹδҡͷоһ˼ȡ
ʲôôķ񣿡
һȱķ
ȱķ
ҹδǱ飬һҳ
ȻĿȥȻлȻ
ҪַҵǱ壿
ţҹδĿᶨصͷֻǧǧշĵұҵǸ塣
ǡȻֽǲȱķȱķܹȫģܹײȫЩʦʦͲȫˣҪ㣿
ֲô
δ룬ٺˣ
һô죿
ûµģ㣬Ҫҡ
УԲУ
úãġ˯аɣ
ţӦúúϢղĹ˯ɣԷ
ҹδʵʵ˯Ȼ칤ָ˾һһ˿ȴǼƣһֱ˯磬ȻѣԷʱȻ죺
Ϲ׽ȱķСʦܹȫ
㿴˯һ磬ûлһĹȣɵô죿

һߵĺȻҹδһΣúЦҪ֪ȻһԸûмȻ
ڶල£ҹδ뻹о
Ժһ
Ȼϸ꽣ʮʽУƲ꣬˿˿ϸǽ
ȻȻûдﵽ硣
ѧ˲ʱҹδһֻѧʽؼҹδһѧ似һһʽܲ淶ȻϵؾĴ󣬰ʱʱ䣬ҲѧʽʽҲһӡ
ϢɣȻҲʲôȫˡ
㣬ҪҪôģ
Ǻǡ㲻ģһʦҲûбҪѧЩʲͲˣҲû˻Ц㡣
ȷڲЦң
Ȼǣ
ҹ
ڴϵҹδͻȻ۾ںڰ
ҹȻͺ뿪ҹδķ䣬˯ڸڡҹδٴν뵽ռ䣬ռڳɹһ
ҹδ뷭˫ȴ̣ʼ칤
һʱҹδӴŵ͵ƣֽ̿ʣպīڷֽϻ
Ӻҹδ˷ʣŷֽ˻ȻȻſڣƿ˷š
ڵȻͺȻ۾ڰУ˶һֻۣδĽŲ
˵նӯ˵ϣϢ˴ǰ͸ȥ
ҹδֻСèһ㣬ŵԺһӣȻ˷ϣݶȥֽһĿ⣬ɴܣ
Ȼ㣬δ벻ҹ֢ɣ
ûУ
Ȼƿ˴αͬèһ㣬شܳ˴⣬̧ͷȥҹδƨһŤѾݶ
ҹݶҹ֢ţٴδܡ
Ȼһۣܣ˵ˣδûҹ֢
ݶҹδ룬ֱͦվȻӻȡԼ۾ϣоһ˫ĿһȥȻתĿɨܡ
ţ
ಡ
ȻͺһݣִסܣȻȻ¶˰Դվݶҹδ뿴ȥҹδվݶϣͬһһ㣬תȻвһ
δ벻Ļҹ֢˰ɣ
Ǹ򡭡ҹδ붢ķ򣬻Ŵĵͼ
ǡ
Ȼ뵽ҹδ뻼ҹ֢вһңϢΪ֮һӱˣŷܵƬ㴫˻ڼžҹʮֵԡ
˭
ҹδһһ˳Ƭŵȥ
Ȼæ֣˵棬˫ֽסҹδ룬˻ɴ۾ҹδ룬лŵһȣ֪ԼӦӦ˵һҹεδ룬δŷô죿
ҹδҲһǵȻĻȻǰһӾϳȻΪ֮һɣ
㣬㲻˯ܳ


49 ҹ
ܳȻȴֲ˵ҹδܳģһʱ֮䣬ܣ֪˵ʲô
ಡһӰԾǽߵĶ˰ᵽڵܰԣž䣬ǹ⣬׳껣׷׳ݣԽǽͷԺ㿴ȻҹδվԺ
վһžһȻδ룬ĳ
ҹδȻ˵ɡ
ĬĬظҹδ뵽ڣһ뵽䣬ҹδѹ
ҷˣ
žȻһĶͷδ룬﷢ֵİɣ
ҹδȻ
ˣ̯ˣδ룬ҪסҲʲôëȻЩĵҹδ
ҷˣ
ңΣҹδųԾ۾㶵Ȼ
Ȼž˵ж¶˵֮ɫеҹδ롣
Ȼֱ׳˵ҹ˯һ˳ȥݶʲô
ҹδˣֺֺЦ㣬㻹ǵҰ˵𣿡
ţôȻüֲȥоǸʲˣ
Ѿоˣҹδǡ
ʲôȻܻ˵ٴˣˮƽоʲôȱⲻϹ룿ǳ¶˵ʲôղź˵оˣʲôоˣ
ҹδΣ
㡭Ȼ𾪣оˣ
ţ棡
ҿȻ֡
ˣҹδ˫һ̯
ˣ
ţžڿˣ˵ʲôʲô
磡ȻȵһʧĲзֱܹδ˵оˡ
žһҹδ˵ˡȻҹδ룺
δ룬ˣ
ţ
㷽ݶΪ
ţ
Ȼ㷢ˣ
ţ
ڣվδ룬磬ĶҴɱǡ
žֹסδ룬һ
ҹδ˹ͣǴ粻ԼҪԼԡ
ߣңһϹǵۣ
ҹδǰֽ̿ʣպīʼ
ʱվڷˣûһǷʦȻҹδ뻭ĳɲɣΧԣڴǽ͵ķ
ҹδ·ʣžԼ۾ͷš
ţ
žͷһЧ˵ζʲô
ڣ֪Ǳ˶塣ȴûа취ڳÿ겻֪жʿǱɱᱻɱУв콾
ûгɳ콾
ǱУĿ֮һǴɱ콾콾ûгɳɱ
Ǳ壡
žӹ߳⣬˺ظ棬һžݶ
ҹģݶվһȺˡ
ֵ˴СĻ򡭡
žͷһ˫ȻǰľͱˣǹӰɫͬ塣˫ɢӨӨĹâ
ڽֵϵĴ̧ͷ㿴ƮҹУ۾
ॡˣתܣĺ쳹ҹգְ

ಡ
ҹĳҹնȻǾͿƮڿеһ˫۾

һ˫۾ݶվһȺˡ
̽
ҹһȺվݶϡ

̫ˣ
ųСرƽںȵ
СӴʱҲϳһǱʺһһҹһȺվݶ
Ǹ
ɢ˰ɣ
ҲûЩ˽ͣݶžҲһЩѸٵ뿪
ֻصҹδķ䣬ʱѾ侲
磬㿴˼
òԶӦסһ𡣡
Ϊô
ž˼Ƭ̵忴ҲǵһͨۿҾӦһ£һҪǿ
»Ҫ˼֮
Ҳãžͷ
δ룡ҹδҪø
ã͸˵ץʱҲҪȥ


50 Σ
δ룬ǺΣգž伱æǲҪȥˡ
ҪȥҹδС
øɡؽ˦˸
ҹδҲ֪ãԼĸҲûа취εؿʼһֱ˸ʮ٣ˣڣÿţʣµʮűҹδ
æһҹҹδͣ˯ˡǴʮ˳ȥ˸
ٵ鷿
ٿŷϵһ˵δ벹ȫ˲з
ǣ˷ܵͷҴѾˣ塣
üëһоⱬ䡣
һжģδĹ״ˡ
ڵһվץ鷿⣬һݣݶ֮ϡϡ
ټоԼ۾һƬҰеľˣһƬӰ
ݶϻתţڵüëһʡ


ٰסеļתתһȦɨһ֮ЧҲʧˡ
ֻ
֮ǰǸԴָơ
ǹɲҩУ
΢΢üͷǵùɲҩǴĲҵ
ѵй᣿

ܣ
ǣأ
Լֱǰɲҩץ壬ϺйᣬҲôûа취
ȥ̽һ£ܹǾ͸ˣ
Ҫȥץ𣿡һĦȭƣδ˵ץʱҲȥȥ𣿡
һˡˣԴҹӥСӣȥץ塣

ʲô
ǣǿ²Ƕ֣
֪
֪
ģһǰбǡܹڴûк年ᣬҪҳǹ塣
ибˡ
ãʲôʱж
ھжɡ
ãһȥδ룡
˷񱼶ȥ
ݶϣһ룬ʧݶϡ
δ룡ƿԺţ㿪ʼ
δ˯أСȻ˳ۡ
δȥץ壡˷ܵ
ǣȻɫһ㡣
ֻǣž˳
δ룿ܰһ±ơ
ţ˼ǡ
ѹԭ˵һ飬˻Ȼž仹ԥ
û⣿ҪǲҪδȥˡ
ҪȥҹδſڣȻڰУµġδɱңҪۿǱץ
УžյͷȻɿɣδ롣
ţ
ߣ
һ˳ԺţŹɲҩȥ
ܣɲҩʲôžһһʵ
֪ҡͷʲôڣбҲûá
žҹӥСĺҪ̫࣬Բ΢΢üͷ
û˵ʲô
ûУֻ˵ܲˣôˣ
žüëšһţôоƺ³˭ֻǺ˶βܲϣûа취ǵ㣿
㣿
ɫһ䣬ֻ٣˲ʱ뵽ʲôֻҪɲҩеıˣܼ򵥣һк͹ɲҩйص˶ץˡǸȴûô
˵ɵ
ڴܹɵֻһˡ
ǾǴ
ɫѿһ͸ֻͻὫЩοһҹδ룿
ںԼΪи׼ȴζԸ˺һҹδ롣
磬ǴδؼҰɡһǰֻһӵã˶ٲҪһ㹻ˣ
ôʱ뿪𣿡ž䵭˵
δ롭
ÿңҹδˣǾôŹң
˵һСʱʼһΣգĸ˲սһڼ
֪
СҾһ룬ܹǲһΣ磬㣬磬ĸ磬Ҫվһ𣡡
ûôأͻȻһ˵ĶУǴٲ֪Ǹطܣ
ڣΣգδкҪҵҲҪȥɣҲӦδ棬ʲôǽ


51 
һҹδԾԾԡԣҹδ֮ǰһֱܵڰɽϱ䵱дţΪƽʱȥһֱûмʶʲô档ȴҪΪʦҪ塣һʶкôοڴٵı֮£
Ⲩˣ
˶д󶨣˹ɲҩСһ̤ҩеʱڹ̨Ǹϰɫһ䡣ǵƻڵǸƻֻʱıòǼ顣Ҫ뿪ȴѾɴ۾װ˯ˡһӭȥ
λ͹٣ҪЩʲô
žվǰ棬Ȼͺɱҹδվ档ҹδļһۡĿŷڵ˿ȥ
ʱŰ˸ˣƻ֮⣬ƣʣµ˵ĿˡĿһɨƻϡǰžм
̨˯ŵǸ˭
žһˣǸ˯ŵ˾塣ֻȴû̳֣ĿջǸơǸƵҲʹ죺
ƹ񣡡
ƹ񣿡žǰһҹδ뵲󣺡д
Եȣ
ʱҲˣžߡƻ۾װȥˣڽء
˭
ƹλ͹˵д
ƻվ϶ЦݵλʲôĴ
žһֵүˣʮʯӹүˡ
ɫһ㣬ʮʯӣ
Ī뷢˰ɣ
Ǻǡ
ʱƻѾȶΪϳıòݣ嶼ûܹ֪塣ûԼæ㲻ƷĲҩˣòˣݣҪ̲ӡ
ֻǲ֪λòˣʲôݣ
ҩкûʲôϵֻһƹ񡣵ǣȴһ֮Һòװһ̨ôܾô
̨Ӻδƻشӹ̨ת˳վžǰҪһӵơǷԼĸͷŵž°ͣò̧ͷ
̨ƺǴˡ
ŶžЦЦʶеˣ
Ȼܣƻ˵䣺ǴˣҶʶ
Ǻǡžֳ֮ɫԾ
Ӵǿǿδѹסͷ̨߰ȷҪұ鷳
ž䱧ŰӣƻҲͷߣ
ǲͷߣҵıվŵͷߣƻͷ
˵˵žӡ
֪𣿡ȻƻͷȴǳȻжžĲм
ҹδǾһ
Ǵ
ǣžЦһŴоһ߰
ƻɫһ䣺ûУ˵ĲǴ˵ӡߣСӣ
Ժ
ӣͺززԶϰڷŲߣززݲ衣
سĵӡ
ɲҩеңǰҩزز㾪Ϊˣÿ춼ʱźززˮݲ趯ӾֱˡʱǰΪ΢һ£ܹǰ˵ʲôɫ
ʲô˵ӣ
裡ززյطǰ
ӹյһǰȥززЦӯӯıӰߵǰŲһ٣ͷ
ززһԾĺܣ
Ҳã
زز𣬸ǰꡣززĿȻվǰžϣĿһ˿ʡ
úĺӣ
ǵžǰư´žһԣ
ģһң
ǣ
ӣƻʮֹȵ˵
ʱĺززȴֳ˾裬Ϊҹδ롣˵оǵǿҪռҩУҹδҲӦó
¶ˣֻ˲䣬ززоа˷ȷ¶ˣֻ֪ƻ¶ˣԼ¶ˡ
žͷҩĶң

žЦˣ˵صĿѾﵽˣʣµľǽˡʵ
ҲǴ
ʱزز˫ѾֳĹâ
ززһ֮ˣԴΪ¶ˣ;ˡ
ӣűץ
Ѿ¶ˣôӵ
ӦѾΧɣ
ҹδǰܹҹδɱˣƱɻңڻиߡ


52 β
Ȼ֮˲ͷţ˶ˡҹδ֮һͷ
ɱҹδ룡
ҹδȴһΧһж糣Ļþ
ϣ
аν𣬺ززֳ̣֮ɫֻҹδ뱻ɱԼӡ
ҹδڱþֵһɲǣʶڵһ£Ƴ˻þ
ͬʱɱҹδͷոո֣žڵĽƶһ£ǸͷȻҵĹƹâ˸һ£ܰӷӦǸɱҹδͷͬ³һ㣬ƵػûѾתҹδĲץ˹ȥܰԵ˼άûзӦȴܵһȭ֡
ͬʱǹ⣬ɺ׳ҹδ֡
ˡ
һѹ
ززɫ䣬ȻźԺȥʱڷڵ˶ѹѹƵöá
ƺܰԵȭͷߣȴľһ㽩ǹ⣬׳ͺɵıҹδҲ磬ȴӲ
ߣ
Уһ̽ŰץȥһӰ
飡
ֽǸӰץУɫһ䣬еĺزز飬һβ
β
Ŀ΢䣬ѰѾʧ˺ززӰ
ʮĵɽһֻɽϣƨɺβͣһֻʣ¸ĶβǺͷһ۴ķ
٣β֮Һززر
ززһӣʧڴּ䡣

վǰƻѾ£ֳԭΣһֻͻʱӣڵϡҹδµվں棬ž䣬ȻܰԽҹδ뱣롣վǶ棬ͷͬͷǹˡ
ڴٵĶվ
ʱɫ԰ףͷϲ亹
µģ
´٣ǿ֮󣬺ˣ
壬
ʲôݣǵһ壬
˭󻪵

ֻһүĶӣǰĻڵϣҩƹ
ԩ˫ȶڴ
һΰӰӴ˽
ˣȻϣ
ǴسץĶô᲻
һɨ㷢ԼĶǣСǣˣԴҩСĿǵȵ
˵
ǣæӦֳȻɫˣǡǡҲ֪ûΣԼҼԲҩʮϤ¼֪һ
Ĳ֪ҪȾȶ
ͨ˵ϡ
ڼžҹδ˶о˴ʹ֮Ŀռڲϵزÿ˶֪ڴܣڴϣ
֮ĲԽԽң˽жӵʱ䣬֮ǰĿռ䲨ƽȻž䣺
㲻ҪӴ˿𣬾ˡ
үžɫһ䡣
Ҳɫһү
ôͶҲͲȥ䣬һ˦䣬αѾʧڵڻص
ӣظ
ӵͷҲ̧س˳ȥ
̧ͷ˴٣үʲô˼
ٵ˵ǣǾšζйԺн£
䣬һץƻʧ
ҹδļ
־˿ڡ
׳ǹͺվڿ롣
Բ𡭡
磡ҹδ뼱æֹס磬磬ɿɽ㣬²ǣֻǱ˻þ
ǡ磬ĵܶûС
ΪûܵӰ졣ȻӻȡǸơ
ҡûӦܰԺ˵
ҡžԥһ£ջǲԼĵܵõģҲ֪ҲǸûҰɡϾվλãʺɱδ롣
ҵԭǾǿɡҹδ˼˵ԣûбҪŲ´£ҲǺúõģû¶
ˣž俪ڵȷʵǣϽ£ֵܽãҶԭɡ
ĸȥ߲ѡ
ǻ˵˵Ϊʲôҩаɡžüͷ͸ֻ֮Ƭ֮ǰĽ̸Ӧû̸£ǴרСΪˣ
˶˼ĸ˴ʱҲ


53 ׯ
ԺʹƽƽԴٵһݣȻ䡣Ǳ˴֮ǰǳõة࣬Ȼ񱻱ΪȫԺʹ˵κһүƽƽ
ǣǾͲˣ
žЩˣΪڴоһĴڡ
ȻˣΪʲôںʹ̸üǮ֮ͻȻҩ͸ž䣿
ؼǣҩеʱɫɲÿͲ⡣
֮ϾڹٸҪžֲçöࣺʵ⣬Զ벻Ǻ¡
ҲˡžͷؼǴĿĺڣ׼
ҪǲҪ£ܰ
ܾһλүλүж⣬ֻ֪кֶΣȻǵ
ž˼ҵǲԼѾ¾Ҫȥж⣬뿪˴ҲκҲá
ҲǡȻҹӥСҲ뿪ǵĵСܺδ롣
δ룬취ܰһȻҹδ롣ԭҹδ룬Դҹδ֮ҹδäĿġ
ҹδü˼Ƭ̵ĺǲͬж⣬ڴû¶һ뿪˵ͻᱻɱ
жһݡ
ǰ
ڴŴ٣һ뿪˵ͻɱǡ
ҪŪ˼
Ū
ҹδվȥɡ

ֺ룬ׯϣѹ
žͬҹδǰҹδͦأ̧ͷߵǰ˫ȡ
ҹδ룬ӡ
ҹδ룿
ǰɴҹδ룬Ȼûмҹδ룬ȴ˵ҹδ롣ҹδ޸ڵ¼һˣȻ
ҹʦԺ򡣡
ܿ죬һ˳ҹδ빰ֵҹʦӵ棬ҹʦ
ͣҹδͷٲ˴š
ҹδ˽뵽һӣҹδ˽ûȴҲûзŭֻЩؿ
ҹδжһݣ˵Ӧҹδˣرž䡣ʱȴ޺⣬ܴǸǶȷ֤ǰ˳Ǹ
ӡҹδʩ
һۣ˵վλ֪ҹδΪĿҹδϣص
ӲСǺ˱ӣֵôӵӲҪӵ𣿡
ҹδ̾ϢһϬһӦ
Ӵж
Ŷ˵˵ؿӱϡ
һú˹ӣǾ˹ӡ
ɫһҹδ룬㵱ɵ𣿡
ҹδҡҡͷδӲʶûͻλẦӣֻδյδɱδʱ̣ܶûеˡϸϸҲֻ޸ڵ壬ԱƲ֡
ǡǰδ뷭ķͼ䣬ƪҲδˣȻȫ˲ֹͨӵĵ
ȻҪ֮鶼ǰո֮¡ҵȲ޹ء
ҹδ˼ףѰ˶ܹ
ҹδھ˦ұδɱˣ
οֻ壡
ڸ˼ͰţǾǸΡҸȥץЩСϺײš
ҹδҲ֪ԭԼȻԸԸŹԼˣԼĿǰļܹġҪҪ롣ԣҹδ˵
λֻӵĵ̣ҷֵ磬һûвȫһֱûз֣һӵڵԽԽ࣬ոɲصʧʱӺԴ
ȻķչǸ̶ȣǸҲס۵
ߡҹδ˵Щһɱ֮أ
ɫɷһ˿԰ף뵽˺ززǺززܹڴٵߣҪɱԼ
ԣӦǾӣҹδ˵
ǡȻͬҹδ˵ȴȥЦһ˵ӻллˣ
Ȳ˵ҹδɫֻӽ͵ĵһ⡣ӽ͵ڶ⡣
ϴֱӣģ


54 ̸Ц
ӵĵڶ⣬ǲ黹ҩеġȻү£ߴͣҴǡ
Ŷɫһ㣺ʲôѵͱӽģ
ֻһĿģҹδɫڶĿģӺ
ĿʲôʸͱӺҸ͸ǵĲҩͱӺ
űӵĶͱӺ豾𣿡
̸裬ҶΪˡҹδƽֱĿ⣬
˵ʵүҩУʮΪѡλҴ磬ž䡣ѾѡΪӡΪδ뱻ɱ飬Ѿ뿪ǰˡ
Ǿһ

˵Ǵˣǵ϶ǲžݵλ̲ͬ˵ˣĸҲ׶ӣ֪
Ǻž䲢û𣬲ֵá
ҹδһϲѣû˸õѡ
£Ҳô󣬴վλ
ҹδдˣϺò裡
ܿ˽ҹδһ˳Ĭ˵
ҶԼСӣѾϰҲڴˣֻʣҺ硣ǴƷ˾ʱ;ȥӪһ̣
ԣҲѰ
ͷʱ̬Ѿ䣬ɲˬκ
̽㾭Ӫֳɡ
ЦؿҹδǾ仰ҵĶҺֵϣңҲǸѿɣ
ҹδҲЦȻ㿴Ҵϣµ裬ҲүķϣͲ̵ɺʸ񡣡
Ŷ㻹ʲô
ӲҪˣһʦһܹ޸ڵķʦһܹȫķʦ
԰۾һһĴȵ̸̸
ͬඣ
ͬ⣡ػδ룬ֳͬ⣬ƽʱҲӪʲôҲܹƽ㶼ܹóʲôƷķ
ҹδʱиӷɣԭֻҩԺǿҵķܶࡣҩģ˳ģҩӺܶ
Ҷ֪֪ܹṩٷʲôƷķ
ֻܹƷһҪƷ˾ֵҪѧϰһҲ˶ٷţŰɡ
Ʒţ㵵ؿҹδ룬һڿЦɫ
ҹδȴֱ׳صͷ԰ҲŸոտʼѧϰܹƷͲˡһԻΪǵ̵ơ
죺ǡƷҲ̫ˣһ²š
ҹδЦеӣҪô롣Ÿոѧϰûм°ɣܹƷˡƷӻԶƷԶ
ڷϵ츳ʸͿϲͬڷϵ츳ˡͬҵĺͶʣ㿴ҵδͬǾˡ͵ҽû
ͬаҵȻͬͬķ츳Ϊһ𣿻̸𣿡
аɣҲʹ죺ȻˣԺǾǺ顣ͬơķΪȻһһЩʦķ
ͬƣҹδЦ˵žҲ
֣¥磬Ϊֺء
лӣ
ҹδ˻ص˼УȻȵý˻ʵ
ô
һ˳ҹδЦе
̫ˣȻһ˵˵
˵ɡž£һڲ裬渵ҹδĿⶼ¶֮ɫȻǸҹδͷ
ǼСδҲˣ
㣡ʱܰͻȻڵҹӥСӡ
ܣڴɵòǺúõ𣿡
û˼ܰҡŴԴÿѲǣûʲô顣ҪŶȥԡ
˲ž䣬žΪǵĴ磬ҾҪΪӣһõĹǡ
ž΢˼ͷҲãҲóȥˡ
ܰԵͷų˷ܵЦݡ

վڴǰ֮ǰҹδĽ̸һֲ©ѧ˴
ԭֻǿҹδķ츳ͨǼҩУ㴴ύĻᡣȴû뵽ž侹ȻΪ˵ӣ⻹֮ϲò룬úýύ
ǣ


55 
գ˲μ¥룬ָһգҹδžҹӥС͵˳⡣žȻҹӥСӼԡҹδص˼ǼѧϰƷ
ֹȥա
ҹδ֮⣬ѧһַ׼ǰƷ˾˾Ʒʦ
ʦˣʱܹ˵ġÿȿһΡվǿ˵ӡҹδ껲ڴϣ껻ɨܣƷߣ˺棬۾Ц
ǰ죬ܹɵؿ̻һŷȻƷƷʦʮŷѾ˺õĿʼԼδģҲԼǰҹδ˸м
˹һ꣬ûѧһŷҹδŲ£ѧһŷ
ȭͷ
һʦʧģ
ҹδ벻֪ҲܸˡϾҪΪһƷʦˡ
ƷƷʦ
߽Ʒ˾ֱ˵ص㡣
˵ص㣬ڴʱվŲˣͦӦò˷ʦģЩĸĸҹδӰнӹƷװƿ˽ȥ
˾ȵѯСӣǸСҲ˵ģ
ȻĴ
ⲻİɣôСҪ˷ʦ
飡Źϣ
һ䣬һţͨšһдУұһдŮһλʦʾҹδұߵķ䣬ҹδ˽ȥ
ʱһŮһŮʦҹδ֪ǱҪĳ
˷ʦʱΪ죬춼ڿڶɹֻҪܹʱڣһžƷͳΪƷʦԣҪԷųƷȥס
Ȼÿȵһοˣǿ˾ƷʦƷķʦˡĸƷĿˣҪžס
ҹδͨӷڳƿ˿Ĵ˽ȥ
ܴܹһٸʱڿֻʮ߸СȻҹδ룬ĶʮˡЩҹδʱж¶֮ɫ
ҹδһλ£ԶһʮĿؿҹδ
󣿡
ʮţٹһ£ʮˣ
ʮߣȷ˷ʦģ
ҹδ벻
ߣ
Сˣ
ſһ˽ҹδ룬ʮ˸˶վҹδ벻ʶǸˣʶǸʩ
ӷʦã
ҹδһЩʶҲæʩӷʦã
ţӷʦɨһ۵ʼɡ
Ȼϣһ鿴
ҹδӰȡһֽȻ󽫷ʺͷīȡ˳Щһ׼֮㿪ʼ
ҹδ뻭ǳ죬֪ռڻǧٴˣͬˮһ㣬һҲͻʮңҹδǻʮš
Ȼ˿ҪһŷֻǾƷƷʦĿƷԽߵĿˣҪԽ٣ƷԽߵķҲԽѻԽķѾ
Ϊʲô͸ʱ䣿
ⲻǶԷ֪ʶĿˣҲǶԾĿˡ粻ʱڣһžƷ
ſŲͳʳ޶Ҫ俼ڣڿţһŮޣһвޡҲ˵쿼ͱȥ
ǿʦϻһλʱҹδѾʮŷ
֮ҹδϥλϿʼڤ룬Ҳˡ
ڤ֮ҹδڴ˯ڵ¶Ⱥʺϣҹδӹ밾ҹѾʮŷˡ
ǣʮ߸ûôˣ컹ʦʧܹԣЩ˶ڤ֮󣬼ֱҹʱ֣ǲĿ⸴ӵؿһѾ˯ҹδ룬½¶˯
ڶ졣
ҹδ뾫ͣȻ㿪ʼ࿼λӷʦ
ʱ֣ҹδֻʣŷɿˡ
ˣҲǮͣȻʼڤ롣ڤ֮󣬲ſʼŷŷܿ죬ʮӣҹδͿʼʰϣһžƷӷʦȥ
ĿɶΪ֮һ٣𾪵ҹδ룬ͬʱиֳһͷ
Ƿ˰ɣ
ţ
Ųӷʦ̧ͷšüͷҹδ롣ûмҹδ룬ſ˲죬ҹδˣȻáʧȥţϵʧܣҲҪڿ죬ò
һţ͸¶ʮֵĲá
ӷʦɿˣ
ţ
һȴ˲졣Ŀⲻҹδһϣֽӹһ濴





56 Ʒʦ
ôܣ
ӷʦܿ쿴һŷȻ𾪵̧ͷҹδ룬ʡ
ôһСܹͨ˾Ѿˣôô죿
ʲô֣
ҹδ롣

ӷʦ³һ
ûˣ
˵ҹδˣڶܹ޸һƷƷʦˣҪǲͨIDͨأ
ЩʱҲȻ̬ҲƽˣһͷԼĿˡ
㲻һ°ƷʦӷʦͻȻʵ
ҹδ죬Ҳ̫ˣҡҡͷ
аɣӷʦЦеظҹδǼϣȻȡһľƻ£һ֣ݸҹδ
ǾƷƷʦˡ
ллӷʦ
ҹδӹ˻£ǰϲظ¡
ҽӵ£ڷҽãпտȥǶ
ллпһȥģ
ҹδӷʦʩȻ߳˷š껱ӭһᣬֻȴ¶Сֱʵ
ʦûУ
ҹδһͦţûУ
ѽһ˷ϲʦϲʦ
ҹδСһֻһƷʦˡ˷ܵǸӣ
ٺ١ҹδ߶߶ʦȻʲôʦͻǰƷƷ
ʦȥĶȥ޸𣿡
ҹδҡͷȻȥѽӵ黹ˣȥ޸
ص˼ҹδֿʼľƷͼ䣬ʼѡһЩõķϰ
ա
ҹδƷ˾ǻ飬ֽ屾ƷƷʦķͼ䣬ðţ޸ȥ
Ӵҹʦͨˣ
ҹʦˣ
ЩӲҹʦ޸أ
һʦѧͽҹδкҹδҲȸԾϲաðõʮ˺޸䣬ȥ٣Ȼص޸ҡðԼȥϰµķϣ屾ƷͼĿ¼ѰԼѧķ
ƷҪȾƷ˲٣ԼǧҪȾƷ˽ǧΪƷҪȾƷӲ٣ķѵľҲ࣬԰Ʒʦˣ㲻һŷʮš
ҹδڵľû⣬ֻǶڷѧϰӵռȫû⡣ҪѡԼҪѧķҪһ֣Ȼֻǿ˾ʮ֡
屾鼮Уҹδѡʮһ֣Ȼ㿪ʼռϰһ޸ռڳʿ޸
Ӿƽжȹʮ졣
ʮ죬ҹδѾѧһְƷһһֱռķͼ䡣
ڷһƷ鼮Ȿ鼮ڶƷ˾ռķƪ
֮ǰȫѾϽƷ˾Ʒ˾ҲÿѧϰƷʦҪϽһʯΪãɹҹδ롣
ֻʮʱ䣬ҹδͻǧʯҹδһӹΪԴΪʼ˿쳵ҹδ뵹ûʲôطʯڵΪڴ徳һءⲻԴǸԣҹδԼҲûиֻÿγϰߵһľڤ칤ѧϰϡ
ҹδҲһЩ͸ڹɲҩ
Ŷ
ĹɲҩѾˣΪ̣ȥ˲ҩ֣ΪڵĹ̲ϣƷϣ
úܿ죬ҹδȥµķݶֻǲһʱˡҹҹδΣϣҹδܹһЩʵúãƷϵǶҹδܾˣûа취
ҹδ˵ٺãҲֻһƷҲܹ٣ò˶ãͻиķʦǸʱ򣬹̾ûˡҪƣͱ봴µķҹδʦ磬Ʒķ
ûа취֪ҹδ˵öԣԲҹδ뻨Ѵʱȥѧϰ
ǡ
ԾԼһűª֮ˣӾƷʦƷʦף
ҹδ츳ѣûиһҲܰɣ
Ǹʱ򣬻ƻ˶ˣ
飡űƿҹδ̧ͷϱֳΣ֣⡭ûҪɣÿһΣ
һƨҹδĶ棺ҵ衣
¿̵ȥ裬ҹδһΣҶһΡ˵δ룬δ㣬ҪƷʦô׵ġҼƷƷʦ繷ƷҲûɶġ֮ԺΪϡȱڱ̻ûͷһЩв
Ƕʯ


57 з
ҹδ¶Цݵ֣Ѿ˵ˡ
֪ҹδĻȳΪƷƷʦǾδʾѣҲҪһذɣҡ
ѾǰƷƷʦˡ
ǲܵȡ˵ɶȻסˣȻ˿ҹδǰƭң
ûƭ㣬ڲֻȥˡ
ģӶԲˣӡУҹδڳʵˣԲѡ
šʮɣ
ͰƷˣ
˵ٹʮ죬ҹδƷˣȻƷƷ
ޣ
ôܣ
ҹδʮʱ䣬ӾƷƷƷԽԽѡͨӰƷƷҡ
ҹδ벻ôãҲҪһذɣ
˷ܾȥˣоɥδ룬˰ƷʦΣƷֶǣȱ绹
ҹδ뷭һۣҶϽƷ˾ˣ¸¾ͻ̳ˡ
ţ
ⲻоƷеĲƪ
ϣܹȫһƪǾܹһˡ
ģ۾һ׼ȫĸ
֪ҹδҡͷء
Ұ
ڵһվƹ̨ҹδ벢ţȻſڲ̨ϣҹδһ鿴Ŀ¼
ʱ߽ҹʦ޸һ±
ûʱ䣡̧ͷȵ
㣡Ǹʿֳ֮ɫ
ҸǴ㶯һԣ
Ǹʿеıʧˣ˿־塣
žҹδһĸ첲ϣﰡ㣿
ȻһԼȥҹ
̻һʮֹȵؽӹ飬ռ˰ӣ鿴Ŀ¼
ǸҹʦҪˣǸʿڰ
ùҸ޸
Ǹʿһҹδ̬ȣоﻹҹδ˵㣬Ȼ֪Ϊɶǵ׳˲٣æǰ˲̨ϣһЦݣ
ҹʦ鷳ˣ
ҹδֳΣ֮ǰĴ󺺣ֿʿҹδҲᣬĬĬùǱһۣԼģһ
ˣ
ŵ˼ˣ͸޸һģǵǸɡ
ҹδͿĨ֭ˮһĿ̻ǲǸʿͬһ֡
ˣԣ
ҹδǸʿѡ
ŶŶ˱Ҫԡ
ʲôԣϽߣ鼮˹
ǸʿҲ˵ʲôҹδһ˳˷ţڹעȻͷԼһɡ
ţ
һΣ
ϲ̲ס˷ܵغһɤӡڵһۣ
ʲôëȻߵߵҹδߣδ룬㿴⼸ôġ
ҿ
ҹδ뷭Ŀ¼ȻӦ顣֪ǣǸʿһɤӾ˲ˣٵ޸ʿΧ˹
Фֺۣʲôʯˣ
ǣҹʦ޸ķһɣǿ
ˡ

ҹδ޸ڼһȺˣҪŭҹδϽһѵ
Ȼȥϻȥٿһܹһ
ã˵İ
֪֪£Ͻߣ
ﵽĿģֺǺǵ뿪ˣߵſڣͷһ䣺
һ
֪
ֺǺǵ߳Ʒ˾ɫֲһ
Ҹ˵̫˰ɣȫƪˣ϶Ѱɣδܲȫ𣿾ܣҲҪܾðɣ
ⲻǺŪ
Ҳ˵Ȼδ붼ܹȫҲܹȫĲзɣ
ǡ
ôףôܵһֱǲзķʦǰ׳
οдʦʦ
ұδƭˡ
һֱæƻ裬ҹδƣӻص˼ʦͳʦ͸˷˶ҹδ֮ȥҹδڤ롣ڤ֮ùǱ鼮ʼ
˰СʱƼĲзһ飬ҹδ벻Ǻ⣬ԼһûģѡĲзѡһ
Ŀ¼ȥһ̶ӺĿһ¡
˷ݶһż;ȷʦ͵µ˷߳˵ݶΪƷ
⻹ҹδһοݶĿ¼ʦ޷ȷ;ĲзⲻҹδȤ

ʵҹδνġռ䣬⣬һˡ
ĿⶢУȻ뵽ռ䡣


58 з
ռϤ̨ҹδʱվڲ̨ǰڲ̨ϰڷŷֽīͷʡ
Ͽ񷶥һĻڹĻϳŷ
һ޸Ĳзһȫ¸ķ
˷ҹδҲѧˣϸۿ޸Ĳзȷʵ߳ɺ˷ģȴֻ
޸Ĳзɣ
ҹδ뿪ʼҹδϤʧܣʧܣʧܡ
ҹδѾϰˡһֱԼľľŴռڳʼڤ칤
ϣϴһϴ˯
ԼӹҹδܱԼԲ᰾ҹ
ա
ҹδոոһʿ޸˱ʹ˽ҹδε
ôˣ
Ŀҹδǰҹδ˫۱£ǰ׵
Ķ
¶һӣҹδͷ˿Լƽƽأ
ʲô飿
¶ʹ飺δ룬û뵽˴ŮҲƭң
ƭʲôˣ㲻Ҫ˵
˵ѾǰƷʦˣղҿˣǸ»ǾƷ
ɵʦһȲһΡ
ŶŶӦ˹̱ЦǺǵܵδǰǸδ룬ѡĸз
ҹδô鷭һҳ޳۵ָҳ

ʦȷģѡ
ǰ˼ҵĺģ
ƨ
źƨأ
ǣзʦ㲻ܲȫ
ôͲˣˣҾѡ
žһĶͷҾôĺϻ˰
ôϻ˻ί
ǣз׼ü겹ȫʦ޷ȫĲз

ʦûзʲô;ôܲȫ
ϻ⣬һҪΪ׬ǮΪĿģ
׬Ǯ
㶮ֵĺ𣿡
ôͲˣҹδȣҶܲȫзôˣһȫˣǵͶһ֮ʱ׬ʯ˯Цѡ
ҲѾͲˣ
ߣһүĶӲϽȥü̳ү²ʲô
ҲҪԴ׬ǮԴ
ҹʦʱ߽һʿ
ϽߣҼʱ䣬ü꣡ҹδȥ
ҲΡҹδҲۿҹδ޸ˮʶҹδķ츳иӼᶨҹδͷ
һӣûһСʦ
ƷСʦ
Ǻǡ
ҹδҲ̫ˣȫȥϻ˵Ľ
ҹδ벻ʼ޸εҡҡͷһһߵ
˵İͼ죡еĻϽ
֪֪֪
Ƿæһ죬ҹδص˼극׬ʯһС֣ʣµظȻ㿪ʼÿڤ롣
ҲʯҲȥʼԼ
һ綹
ѾǰԲȫзҹδ룺ʦ˯ˡ
ŶŶ
ҹδͷһѾߵķϴϣϴ˯
һȥ
¹͸ǰҹδ۾ü֮両ϲá
ռؿ̻ŷ
Ȼֻ޸ĲзǸ֮ĲзҲҹδϲ⻹һκķôʱ䣬ѧһŷ
˶ʱ䣬֤ŷĲ򵥣˳ֽ̿ʼ
ռǧεĻʱĶˮֻǲһӵʱ䣬һķͳǰ
Ȼ󡭡
ҹδãȻˣ
ô֪Ч
ܲȥ˰ɣ
һ˷˸ƻô죿
ţԡ
ҹδ⣬Ŵųɹϲȥ˯ˡ
ڶ졣
õ鱻ƻˣ
һˡ
δ룬ˣ÷˰ɣ
Ѿȫˣҹδһɱ
ģ
ģ
ʲôЧҲˣǰ˫֣Ĵʻ糱ӿǼδҪ˵ЩʦǷ
֪
˵ɶȻֹ
˵Ҳ֪Ч
ô᲻֪أ
ûԹȻͲ֪ඣ
Ϊʲô԰ԲͲ֪ˣ
ôԣ˭֪ǲ˷ҪڸԼһԣ
ǡ˰ɣһ²ӣҪŪԣ
ҹδͷҲô룬Ȼðȥһޣϻؼԡ
ʲôšھȥŪޣҲˣԡ
㡭
ѾûӰˣ
ˣôأ
ҹδߺҲֳڴ


59 ·
ûҹδ޸ͱһֻ߽޸޸ЩʦҲϤˣһãɿЦ
ӴӣǸҹʦ˸
˵ͦɰģ
Ҫ׷ҹʦ𣿡
Ϲ˵Һҹʦͺϻˣ
ֺǺǵطţ߽ҹδ޸ңȴֳһͷ
ҪܹȢδ룬òҲ
ҹδרĵ޸ʵʵرվһԡҹδ޸˷̧֮ͷã۾һ
ÿɰã
ͻȻЩδ룬ġ
飿Ҫǵãҹδüë
ǣδ룬ֻһáôˣô˵ˡ
ϣ
ѾγЯذף۵һõĺϣѪʱð˳
㡭߿
ҹδһã˲̨ϣӰȡҹõķõ˿ϼ
ǡ
ûʲôã
ûЧɥ
ҹδûʱӰȡԼѧϰƷʱһ˷õ˿ϼ
˿һĨâ֣ʼֹѪȻϣֻûȬҪҵʱ䡣
ôҹδ
ʱҲû˾ϣڰֵ㻹ǹĹŷʲôЧɡһʲô۵ģ
ҹδҲȥüͷͷŵģӦòǷ͹ģЩ˷ġ
Ҳǣͷ˵˷ЧܲǱ̭һƷ
ܣҹδҡͷڵ˷Ӷˡ
ӵδؾЧõġϰߵ̧ܡ
ҹδ뷭һۣû˵
ʱʿ޸ҹδСرõչֻá
Ŷã
εؽӹãҲûʲô
Ҳ
ҹδʦʦֵĶԣ
ˣվȥ
ҹδһʼ޸ʱҲûʲô飬죬ŪһûɶЧķ
úõûˣ
оѹõͣСعĦҹδ޸
ƻ衣
ҹδ뱧ûص˼÷ԺԳӵʦŪԵġ
ʦͷһûʲôܶ˵ҹδֻһСϲһ
δ룡Ӵ˽Ӵӣ𣿡
ͷ
ԣ߹ȥץǸá
ŵŵɡǸԺܵ÷ɿ졣
ҹδ뾪ȵؽһ
ʲô
ܵúÿ죡ҹδ뾪ȵ
ܵÿ첻
ǣ졭
ҹδ벻˵ˣվȥ׷Ǹáҹδ׷һã
һӣһѽǸץУ߹ݸҹδ

ҹδӹãϸ˿ڣѾȫȬˡüͶõ˵ĵطҲȫȬ
ѵ˷𵽵Ǽٵã
ҹδֵʲô٣
磬Ҳȫһ˵ķһ¡ûпЧ˾һڵ˷˵ҪʱܹȬȬˡ
⻹򵥣һξˡ
ϣ
γذףûеҹδ뷴ӦõϿһذס
㡭
ҹδ뼱æִӰȡһֽе˷Ǹõ˿ͷţһĨâ֣˿ڿʼϡ
ҹδ뽫˽ȥȻִ̧һͷˡ
һȫĲں
ҹδ뱧ôҴҵܽȻʼȫ˷ȻǸõ˿ͷţ͸˿ڣϸ۲졣
ţ
ҹδ۾һñĹͷϷ˱仯
ʵǹͷϵĻƷ˱仯
΢۲£ֹͷҲ·˿ڵĹͷһذ׸ѷ죬ͬʱҲƻ˹ͷϵ·ǣʱƻ·ڿٵ޸ѷҲֺϡ
ѷֺһ㣬·޸һ㡣
ҹδֺ֪·֮ǰͷŵֽе˷𵽵Ч˵޸·Ĺ;Լȫŷ𵽵Ч
Ȼ䣬ҹδһ
Ʒ˾˾԰˵Ļ鶼Ƿɡ
ĪǹͷϵЩ·ҲǷһ֣Ƿƣ
ԼȫĲзЧ޸˵ķƣ
ҹδعעǸãԼһʱңͷѷȫֺϣƻ·Ҳȫ޸
ҹδ뾪ϲ۾ľע£ǹͷϵ·ȫ޸ּ֮ϵٶȼӿˣѿٶˣһжõĹͷϵ·ɢһ˿ڵϡ
ѵͷϵ·һַƣ


60 ҽ
ҹδ뿪ʼԷʱ򣬺üζſһֱڶȥƷ˾
ʱԺǻص԰˵Ļ
ҿﶼзƹɣɽǧ飬ֻͬԣҽľ绮Ϊ
һ磬ɽɽˮˮ
ڶ磬ɽɽˮˮ
磬ɽɽˮˮ
һ磬ͨˣ߳ѧߵľ硣ǿɽɽˮˮǿֻɽˮı󣬶ɽˮ⣬ҲֻǱҲֻıһûʲô˵ģľ硣ҲĹ̡
ڶ磬Ƿʦľ磬ʦľ磬ָ󲿷ַʦָĿɲǷʦƷʦʦʦΪķǳ㣬溬С硣
ɽɽˮˮôǿʲôδ룬أ
ǷﶼǷƹɣǷʦ޵ĴشҲǿ͸شУܹ
ȷ˵򵥵Ļûз֮ǰǿҲֻһ򡣵˷ǿľͲǱеĻ򣬶ǻڵķƹɣҲǿ˻ڵķƹɣǲܹƾһ֧ʣһŷֽһŻ
ʱǷʦǻѾǻΪ͸󿴵˱ʣǿǷơ
ǿɽɽˮˮΪǷʦУɽˮ飬ֻǱͬʵĶһġ
ɽɽˮˮѾܹϣ⶯֮䣬ɽ顣
ҹδǰƷ˾·ϣԴǷ顣
ȫ񶼳԰Ул㱣Ҳ˲ʲôɰˣθãȻ÷ΡԼȫǸȷʵܹ޸˵Ĺͷϵ·þϸع۲ƤҲ·õëҲ·һͷϵ·޸֮󣬻ֱӰ켡⣬Ƥë·޸
ӦǷưɣ
˵ŷ޸ľǷưɣ
ôŷЧǷԱҲЧ
塭
ǲҲЧ
黹ԣֻǷʯȥ򣬵أ
飬һԻô죿
ǣһֱ飬ôַ֪Ч
ҹδַбڼϵİϣļŲȫķ
Ե껲ҡҡͷ̾Ϣһ
ʦֹﶼ
ʱһҹδ룬ҹδײϡ
ڵƷ˾ˣ껶һ

ٵĽŲ껻ؽҹδһߣм̧һܼҴҵ˹ȥһֱٵĽŲѣҹδ뿴Ⱥһ¥ʵ
¥ǣ
İæڵǷҽá
ҽã
ҹδ뾫һ񣬷ҽö˵ġŲŷҽȥ
ʦ޸Ǳߣæ׷˹ȥ
ȥҽÿ
ҹδһ˵ţһС¥ȥС񣬱˵ˣǰ׵׷
ܽ¥ڣȺʦһȥҹδҲæȥʱڴſ߽һӰ޸ִ
濴ҹδŷҽ˹֣Ҳ׷˹
ҹδǷõıԴҹδõ޸֮ǲǵ޸֮󣬻ܹһɷܣ޸˺ܶ࣬鷳¶ࡣˣȵҹδķƷƷʦͰ޸ļƷãķ
һܹ޸ڵţһܹķһķ
ǳڴУҹδǸ
ʱҹδŷҽȥôܲ
ɲԼұҽøȥˡ
̤ҽãͿҹδӰʧһڣӿ˽ŲȻ˽ȥ
ڽǸ˵ʿû˹עҹδΪŷʦ·ǰŷʦ¡񰲶껾ͱ⡣
ʱǸ˵ʿѾ˲̨ϣʦΧڲ̨ԡΧĸѧͽҹδվԶһĵطעǸ˵ʿ
ҹδ뻹ûƹ壬ǴҶǷʦܹöġʦڽ
ѾֹѪˣ֮ǰѾ˺ųԹ˵ˡ
ɨһ°ɡ


61 
ⰡĹͷʮһǷԡ඼ܵشȸ˷ɡ
̱ĸѧͽշʦָλãͷ˷
ʦһ߿һþʼƴѵĹͷȻþȽƴĹͷ̶ͷŷгʱĹ̶
Ȼþ۲죬һʦҡͷ̫ˡܹȻΪ»Һѻָˣˡ
ˣ
仰ҹδоһ
𣬸ԼǸ
ǡԼƵŷԸ᲻Ч
ҹδһӾͻҲ̲סڵҲа취
ţ
ʦĸѧͽһ㣬漴̧ͷҹδ룬һİŮȴǴŷʦ·Ųˣüʵ
˭
޸ġ
޸ʲô֣ǸʦͻˣΪ˺ͱһ𣿱ģǻġ㾿ǲǷʦ
ҡ
ʲôң޸ʦ𣿸Ͻ뿪
·ô˵أҹδıͻȻҹδһͷЩ
ִ£
ִ°λ·ʦҲǸƷʦһ޸ķʦǷҽúʲô
֣Ƿҽûб¡ôǷõķʦָôˣǫʹ˽ֲǷҽһֱ
˵ʲô
ѵ𣿡Ʋ㿴Ƿҽڵ룿ٿ˾ڻжҽƣ
ΪǷҽˮƽ
㽲òãӸϽⵤҩǱȷЧϺãҵҩƷҲ࣬Ƿȵġ
ôͲܱˣҲǷչģǷҽ֮ûзչΪǸãʲԷ⣬Ϸ絤ҩǻƨҽ
ܣǷҽãҲ㳳ܣϽ뿪һ˾Ͷ㡣
ƲƲ죬Ȼһҹδ룺ߣ
ҹδͷ˳ȥ񿴵ҹδһֱͷܲã
ôˣôܵҽˣ
ҡһŷҲȫһŲз
ֲȫһŲз
ţ
Űдϲʲôҿ
ҹδӰȡһŷݸӹͣס˽Ųһϸһʵ
ŷЧʲô
ҾӦܹƵȬ˵ܹ޸ĸ
˵ҹδһ㡣
԰
ԼǸΪʲôԼһ£
ԣ
Ͼͻȥһ¡
ʦ˵ģʱͻȻҹδ󴫳һҹδͷһǷ̧ܵļеһŮԭһӢʱȴ滨ֻ꣬ҹδ˫Ŀڴ
ұ֤ΪûֻиƲ⣬ַ޸Ч
ķ˵Ľ̵𣿡ʱλ·ʦѾ˳ĸѧͽǸ˺ųʦ·ʦжʼðˣ
֪֪˵ʲôʦ˵ܹĸܹҲҪΪĵرʦĸ
Ȼܹģ
ⲻӵܣֱΪӵл
Ʋ⣬˵ˣֻƲ⣡ҹδС˵
Ʋ⣿Ҳѧϰʮˣôַ֪Ƹ𣿡
Ҹոջġ
˵·ʦˣһڿŷ
ûȷ͸˵δ뻹̫ˣҴĽడҴûо԰֮ǰô˵أ
·ʦֱӱˣ˼㴴һµķ
ҲǣҹδҲȫһŲз
ߣܣϽ˴ߣ·ʦѾ˵ˣҹδ֡
Ǹ·ʦҸôǸŮСؿƴϵĸһۣȻڴ·ʦ
·ʦ̬һû⣬ǸΪǿ϶ģƽʵ᲻֮ǰһ롣ʱƣԽԽ
ûа취𣿡Ůֿˡ
·ʦһΣûа취Ƿҽûа취ȥ˾Ҳûа취
λŮȻתͷҹδʦ˵Ƹ𣿡
ҹδɫֻƲ⣬û˵϶ܹơ
Ůɫԥ·ʦŭˣܣ̫ˡ¶˭𣿡
δ룬֣ʱҲˣɲҹδ֡


62 
ʱƲϵλ˺ؿˣŮæԼĸף

λʦ÷
λƸķʦ𣿡
ǣ˺żѵ˵ܸ𣬾䣬һˣҾʧȥ֧
λʦһ𣿡ҹδ롣
ҹδͷƳȥʱΧۼ˺ܶҽõķʦѧͽķ֮һ۷׷ס
ˡ
鷳޸òã
ҿʲôһ޸ķʦȻǷҽãǰ˵˱𣿡
ҽö޸ķʦȻûʲôɫԼıӣţɫܲÿ
˵ʵҲΪҽúͷȫͬϵ޸ķȥ޸࡭
񶼲죬ǰȥֹҹδ룬ҪҹδϽȥﶪˡ
ʱҹδѾߵǸ˺ŵĸǰǸ˺żѵ˵
ʦҽΣ
ʱҹδ뵹ԥˣϾǰãһˣһˣĶ᲻
ʦġˣҲҲܡ˸һ㣬㣡
δ룬һȥ˹
𰡣ܣ·ʦ̿ڵʿͬˣ£Ҳѧѧ޸ı£
԰˼ҶͬˣûΡ
ǰ˰˸ˣֲҪǸ
δ룡
ҹδ̾ϢһƶԷ뷨ǣ뿪ȴǸƳϵʿһץס
㣬ǩԼ㣡ĿѾѪ
ã
ҹδ뿴ԷɫеѿڶһԼԼ棬ֻ뾡ǰʿҲһЩգϾõûЧҲʲôõĺ
Уδ룡
񼱵ҹδǸɵ𣿻һӣ
޸鷳֮УΪƷ˾

Ц
аգҹδ񣺡õûЧҲӦûл
ҲУⲻǷõķ룬ǵĹǷǾˡ
ҹδ벻ֻǾǿ˵˵ž˵ȥˣɼᶨҹδ룬˲ҹδϹ֣鷳ҲͰˣǲҹδ鷳һ
дԼǩ֣Ǹʿˡ
ߣ
ʱǸʿҹδߣҹδ뵹ǾǸС壬һ·žͱˡ
洫ĳЦ
ܣ߰ҽûҪ֤һ漣ĵأ
ɫһ仰˵ҹδٵȥһֱߵ޸ɿ֣ҹδ죬˵һ䣺
֣Ȼתȥ
ҹδ̾Ϣһ޸죬ʵʵظ
һ죬Сʱ͵ҹδ롣ҹδ춼Щ㱣֪ǣʱƷ˾ڴŽڷҽ÷飬һĴ޸ˣ·һžžش޸зʦϡ
͡칫ڣӢЦΪԼˣȥҽÇNɪ֪Ǹ޸𣿡
칫ҾģеķʦѧͽɫÿҲû˻ӦӢ
Ӣȴͣ߶޸ķȥˣǺǡ
˵Ҫǰ˸ˡִڣץ˻

ƻʱ֡
ҹδЩ㱵߳޸Ժл˼԰ĻŷĿԡȫûע⵽Χķʦڶָָ㡣
Ҽ׵ķʦôģ𣿡
ôһСﰡĻֻһƷʦ˭ĵӣ
ҹδȫûпΧʦָָ㣬ҲûЩ˵ʱȫԼ
ص˼ûûζس˷ûȥڤ칤ǰ

ȻѾߵĽŲȻѾߵĽŲſڣƿ
ҹʦ
ţҹδ̧ͷлã
пˡ
˭
ʶԺ
ҹδվߵԺ㿴ĸˣһڵϣ糿ڷҽǸʿ̧ܵʿһλ
ǡҹδ볹ˡ
ҹʦǰǴסַðǰ벻Ҫ
ҹδѾ뵽˵ĿģǿʵҼʲô
ҹʦΪҵơ


63 ݻ
⡭
ҹδһһ춼˼ŷŷѾ϶ŷûЧҲиáǺϽغһǩԼȻԺǸʿͷʮŷ
ͷŷҹδ͸۲Ǹʿü֮㸡ֳϲ֮ǰƷ˾ҽù˷ʱʿѹͷѾкֺܶϣֺֻϵĹͷϣЩԭȻ·⵽ƻǴʱЩ·޸
ҹδ۲һСʱû˿ãЩ𻵵·һһ޸һڷ£ǻȥ
ɢȥصڵҹδ۾ãȻ֮ɫ
ǹͷϵ·Ƿƣ
ҹδ룬ʼþɨԼȫ
ͷ··ƤҲ·Ҳ·ѵԵǰ㣬鶼ɷƹɣ
ɽɽˮˮͬһˣֻǿ˵ıҿڵ·Щ·ǷƵĻǲѾﵽ˼ɽɽˮˮľ磿
ҿĲ˵ı󣬶ڵķ
ָʲô
ҹδȻվ𣬴Ҵ߳ţԺǽǰǽǱߺ
磡
ˣһӰǽͷԾҹδߣϲ˯ʲô
磬ʲôǸ𣿡
𰡣ҡҡͷҲû˵֮жһ˵ĸǷǴ˵Ϣڵٶȵȵȸۺϳж
ûһ־ȷж
ûУʵϺܶ˶оֻ̫£ûгɹ˵̧ͷҹδͷ
δ룬Ҫ̫ĸһ취ҵĵرġҹӥСҲңд磬ȥ˵˵ܹҵĵر
ţҹδ¶мһûˣȥɡ
һȥˣ˷ܵδ룬Ѿһϣˡ
գ
ȻಡѾԽǽͷ䵽Ǳߣ˹ܿͻġ
ҹδҡҡͷô򵥣
ڲֻһϰˣ
صԼķ䣬ϣֿʼ˼ʲôǸ
Ȼ۾һٴԼľɨԼ壬Ȼ֮ǰɨ֮ʱӡ
ϵ·ҪԼϴˣԼǹͷϻе·ģ
ѵǸ
ĸΪ·ܵƻָܻΪ·ģ壬Ʋ⣬ν𣬱ڵ·𣬶ܵõָ·⵽ƻ·ģ塣
ҹδԼڵ·ģƲ⣬ǱԼʮʶͣԼڵһлܣڵ·ˡ
ҹδ˳˼
硭ҵĸΪʶһлܣڸ֯ڵ·
Щ·Ƿƣ˷𻵣ģ塣ĵȵеķƶʶȡҲ֮ʱһȷĻǲǾ֤԰ԣ鶼Ƿɣ
ΪڣѾڵһ˿ܣôڵķֻǱģ壬ûʧƻǲʱƣὥָ
ҹδͻȻһ
ܹ޸Ƶ˷ǲǻӿЩģƵĻָ
ˣǲǾܹҸ飿
ҹδ뼤ˣܹؽԼ⣬ָܹʧԪ
ǣһжҪʱ򿴿
ţ
ҹδͻȻһǷܹռ俪Լ壿
޸ǰ㣿
ҹδ̽Լ͸ռ䡣
һ̣ҹδͽ뵽ռ䡣
ʱվĲ̨ǰڲ̨һҹδ롣һĻɨ̨ϵҹδ룬Ļͷɨһ֮ҹδо¶֮ɫ
̨ϵҹδϵļ⣬ٿʼʧڲֻ̨һȻĿռһĻĻϳһĴСģͲ̨ϵĹһģһֻǹĻϵĹû·ģ⻬ġ̨ϵĹȴģ·
ʱ򣬱ڶĹĻϣʼһССʼǹ⻬ĹϿ̻·
һһ˿˿һһȫ
ҹδȻ̨ϵĹģҹδҲܹϵ·źܴĲͬ
һͷҹδбĳ


64 
ÿĻʾķǸ֮ģ⸱ϵķƣǲΪѵķƣ
ӵַƵˣǲǾţ
ǡ
öٷƣ
ֱһӵḶ́
ҹδһǿмţһи̾˵ʵһôûסʵ̫ˣȫĹϵж·һܴϸǳȲͬɡ
ҹδһԸľһԸļƺʹˡ
ʱȥһƵĹҹδǰȻͼ񷶥һĻ˲̨ϵǷҹδĹһǷϵķѸٵرģʧһ⻬Ĺ
ҪԼ̻ƣ
ҹδ죬ɴ˳ռ䣬Ȼϡ
ռڣʾḶ́ЩƣҹδûжסֻǼסʮ֮һУ֪ڹϿ̻Щơ
ܲõɣ
Ǻɱûʲô
˼ܶ⡣
ʹԼ۶ȷģռĹƾѵķơ
ôһΪʲôֻйģû֯ٵģ
Լȫƣọ̈̄ôԼô̻ʲô̻
ռȻܹϣϵķȫߡǲ˵ռҲܹĽԼڹϵķȫߣ
Լһʲô
֪ĴرԼСĴԼϵķȫȡϴȥԼ᲻
ðɣһ
ҹδ˼һûסǱˣʼ
Ҳûʲô취ȴ֪ʵ̵֮ġܽԼļ⣬ڹϿ̻ɱ϶ǵþ
ȥ󿴿֪Ʒ˾Ĳ󲻽йƷؼоĸַź÷šҲֿ̻Ҫþ

ûʲôģҪͱԭòҪҪðա
ҹδʱȥ󿴿˵
˾ҹδڴһĻеĿҲʧͰڤ칤󣬱ϴ˯
ա
ҹδһƷ˾ֱΪٻл㱣ǿΧ˶ָָ㡣
ѿ
ҹδû˼ںֱƷ˾Ĳ󣬽֮󣬱㿪ʼѰԼҪĶ
Ʒ˾ĺܶ࣬ҹδһ磬ҵһؼ
Ȿؼ񵶡
һ־ķ۳һˡ
Ҳҹδ뼸еľùҵΨһһƺܹڹͷϿ̻Ƶġ
ҹδⱾ뿪˲
߽Ʒ˾øݣзʦҹʦһȥĶˣвʿר޸
ҹδİȥһ顣
ţͽܰ±⣬㻹û緹ɣϽ԰ɡָϵʳе
һ˵ˡҹδʳȡ±Χķʦһûһ
ȥʲô飿
񵶣
ǸͦġһɣǿġҲǣδڻǴ徳һ㣬ҲӦһļܡ
ǰҲôġ
ҹʦȻΪʦصھϣҲܷϾԼģΪߣҲǿܹԪ
֪һŬġ
ˣڷҽõģĵʵ
ţ
ôôͿֵⲻȥԼ鷳𣿡
ҵʱҪһҲȫķҲǸʿ棬ܹ
ҪǺ˼أӢ˵ûȷĹЧ͸Ҹã˵Ǵ󵨣˽
ҹδ뿴ӢһۣôҲ⡣ϾѾǸһ͵͵õģЧûг֮ǰ͵վȥϴϴֵ
ʦҳԺˣȥ޸ˡ
ߣҹδıӢΪԼ˽ĿģͲ˵Ѿ˽ˣƷ⡣
Ѿ߳ſڵҹδͣ˽ŲתͷӢɫĿܹɲԸ񣬵Ҫڣȴﴫһ˷ܵ
ҹʦ
ҹδתͷȥȴʱѾڵˣǱŮţ˷ܵһҹδһߵ
ҹʦķ
ʲôһҹʦ㲹ȫŷ


65 ǺӢ
ʱҹδҲϲû뵽ֻһҹϰʱ䣬ܹվˣŷЧͷ
ţϣҵҼҡ
㻹治˱˵˳һֻ˼ҶˣԼҪⲻǸ޸鷳𣿸޸еķʦĨ
ƷӦ̰㿪ֱǷʦİ࣡
ˡŭˣո˵֣һϵ
ô¶ﳳֵģɺͳ
ִ£Ӣ۾һ㲻֪ҹδ벻Ʒܻӻ첻ǰӷҽøץ𣿵͵͵ظǸʿҲȫĲз
ⲻ
˵Ӣһָ˼ˣǷ鷳ˣЩʦۣܵõͷˡ
ľǿһ£ܹ
ʱҹδҲˣҹʦַ
ţҡҹδ͡
֣
һҹδ룬һ֪ڲǴҹδʱ򣬵Ȱס¶еЦݵ
λֵܡ
ʱʲô׵ģ
֪Լҹδ鷳Լ͵͵ȥҹδҲˣǲӦܵǣ̲ס
Ҳû뵽ַָ֮òһĿ죬ȻڻûȬȴܹоԼΪƺûжٵ䣬ǲԼĸû
˵Լĸҹδķˣ
뷨ֲܹȷﻹס
ܹһԸˡջûסųûҹδ޸ҹδһ£ȴû뵽ô鷳Ϲ
ִ£ⶼҵĴҴҹʦļңԼȥҹʦġտʼҹʦҲϣǧ֮£ҹʦƣŸơҪҹʦҪ־͹ҡ
ɫȴһܹô˵ǿ״̬ڵ϶ˣܹڱ˲£µˡһŵͷͷ
ѵҹʦȫǸЧܹ޸𻵵ĸ
Լľдһ˿ڴڸоô
ãǳã˷ܵķ죺ҸоԼָúܿ죬֮ǰҽõķʦ˵ҵĸԼò׼ҹʦû뵽
˵ߺ޵صӢλʦ̫ûˣôô˵ҹʦҹʦûƷƷ
ʲôк޸Ĳз
ǽͣǸ
˲ûƷ˲ʦİ࣡
㡭Ӣңָûڶ¡
˼ںˣ
ʱȴ˲ˣʱ쳣ҹδĲȫһܹķ׼ֱ̫ˣ
ÿ궼֪жʿںУ𣬴Ӵƽҹδܹһ޸ķֱȫĸ
ôܲ˼
ҪǱģ֮ԱǣҹδģȴһЩţϾҹδողȫгڴ
ҡҲ֪ʱ򣬷Щˣⲻҹʦһ
Ұ飡
ͷųʼϸɨ塣
ţ
ѵĹͷѾȫϣѵĹͷҲ˰˳ɣϢȶҲžųɵ
⡭ڸû֮䡣
˵΢ĸԺľ粻䣬Ҳˡ
ǡ
԰
ȻӦ˹ɲ״̬ϢĸǸ𰡡ȴȶ
ѵҹδ벹ȫŷЧ
δ룬ҹδ֡

ҹδߵǰ͸ʼɨ壬ȻɨϢʲôģΪһ徳һ㣬ֱþȥЩѺѵĹͷ
ѵĹͷȫֺϣҹͷϵķҲȫ޸ѵĹͷΪƬȽ϶࣬Եڻûȫֺϣֺֻ˰˳ҡȻͷûֺϣͷϵķȻ޷ֺϡ
ǣ˿ֻҪͷֺˣֻҪٸͷͷ˷Ȼܹ޸Ҳû˸ˡ
ҹδ̴Ӱȡͨ˷ûȬĹͷ˴ͷšȻ

ҹʦûˣʵ


66 ԰
ôû£ҹδüھȬأͷ֮󣬻޸мƤȸĻָⶼҪʱ䡣
ҹҹҹʦѾòѣ˵ܹȬ˸
ڿӦǵģҪĹͷȫϣٸͷżҲȫķٿЧ
ͨ͹ˣݺ᣺ллллҹʦ
ҹδ뼱æȥѣÿԭǷʦְ𡣡
лллллѾЩ㱡һԵȡ±ϵİݸҹδ
ҹʦǷá
ҹδȻûпԼӦõģʾһԵİ£Ůͳ˴ſڡ
δ룬ŮߣȻҹδԼİ칫ȥ
˽
ҹʦĲȫ˲з
⻹ʣҹʦֲǵһβȫз֮ǰͲȫ룬ٲȫһŲзҲûʲôֵġ
û뵽ŷôȻܹ޸ĸһҹʦˡ
˲һĬȻ˭֪һŷĲƸÿѧķʦҪϽһݲƵʯЩʯҹδ롣ҹδ֮ǰѾһˣټŷ
ķˣ
ʱÿжҲȥвз˼һ˵Ц뿪ûдһںվӢ
İ칫ڡ
δ룬ŷҿ
ҹδӰȡһŷ֮ǰϣŷϸعۿšֻͨۿһŷҲʲôֻܹһķеķҹδ
δ룬ŷô㣿
ҹδЦȻǺһ
ҹδŲ˵ŷսֻڹ̡һܹ׬Ǯ
Ʒ˾ܹ׬Ǯ
úãȻûп㣡񼤶δ룬ʲôǶ˼ȫŷģ
ҹδ룬ռ⣬ԼһƲ⡣
˾˵鶼ɷɣִҲ۰ɣ
ɫͱΣȻ󻪾ûзʦ֪۵ģǾһδʧܣû˲۵Цġ
ǣڵҹδȴ˵ʲô˼
ҹδҲΣǴʱĴͬ԰ۡ
ôܲͬأ
鶼ӡ֤ռڵǴʾڹϿ̻ƣѾȷۡ
ִ£ҹδɫΪ˵Ҿ˾ûдʵϸҵĹ۲죬ǵĹ·ģִҲ۲ɣ
ţͷЩѾйоֻ··ﶼ·ʯͷ··Ƿơ
ҹδͷ֮ǰҲΪġǵҲȫŷ֮һֻõȴƺûʲôЧǣϣȴȫȬˡұ飬շ֣ڵ˷õĹͷ֮ҲȫŷȴܹЩͷƻ·
Ҳ֪ͷһѣرѣˣ·ҲŻٵƻرַԵĹ飬ͷϵ·ָܻƻءҲȫַͷ£ЩƻصĹͷϵ·Ȼȫ޸ˡúܿȻ֮ǰûʲô
ԣ϶˾ȷģڹͷϵ·һȷģͷϵ·Ƿơر֮Ҹһ㡣
ϵɫˡ
˵ģ
Ȼ飡
ˣ⺰
һʦ˽Ըȥ˾Уȥһá
ã
ҹδ죬ȴû˵ʲô˭ԼʵˣҸղŻ˵
ǣ
Ǹʦ˳ȥӵʱ䣬԰ǸʦȺǸʦлһֻϵȵá
񣬽ҹʲô˵һδδڷҽõ飿˭δ˹ֵ飿
԰ҹδůģǼԼ
ǣִ°ڰ֣һ˿ӣ˾δ֣
ҵۣʲôۣ԰һԻ
δ룬˵ɡ΢΢ƫͷҹδ
ã
ҹδͷȻԼķִͷβϸ˵һ顣ʵϣҹδ˵һʱ԰ɫͱˣҹδȫ˵֮԰ǿ԰סеļЩ
ģ


67 ֵı
ţ
ҹδм԰Ҳ԰ۣŸָ˷뵽ռ䳢ԷԼ壬Ͳкķ֣ҲͶҹδ޸ϣ
أأ԰ˡ
⣡Ǹʦæеӵ˹ȥ
԰ӹӣָһ
ꡭ
ҹδǳ鴤һ£ֻ֪ˣһǷԹۡ
ã
԰þ뵽õĺȣȻþƴǣͷһŽƴõǹ̶ȡһ˷õĺͷţ̧ͷǸһֱվһԵķʦ
ȥһֻã
Ŷǣ
һ̶Ӻ԰ͬ˵ڶֻõĺȣȻһҲͷһ˷
Ȼþ۲ֻùͷ״ʲô죬ͷϵ·ƻʲô̶ȣ᲻ŹͷϺͻָ
ֻ˷ȵȫȬҲҪʱ䡣ҹδȥ԰ҹδҪ˼Ųȫ˷ҹδȥ
ҹδص޸սȣһʿһһ
ûа취𣿡
ҹδĿȥȴһʮʿվڴ칫ǰʦҲվſڣһҡͷ
ղҲ˵ˣҲȥˣǶûа취ûа취Ҳɣ
ôˣҹδ˹ȥ
Цλ޸һ𻵹һӣȻͬʵĲϲȫǸӣ油ȫ˷ƣǱȴ½һ뻹ࡣȥ˷ˣûа취ˡ
ҿҹδǸʿ
Ǹʿҹδ뽿Сģһûɻɵ
㡭ҲǷʦ
ҹδЦãһֿ
ǸʿҲӦˣֳΣҹδǰһݡҹδӹǱνʣϸϸȥ
һѺý
ҹδ벻̾ĿɨȻڽһԼֻлƶĲͬΪɫҪҪ£һ۾ܹһӣȻͬ޲ġҹδֿһ޸ķƣ΢΢üͷ
ȫķƲû˿
ҹδ뵽ռ䡣
ռڡ
Ǳڲ̨ϣռ񷶥¹âǱȻڶ¹ĻǱȫͼ

ҹδһ㣬ΪͼΪһͼԱ߻֡
Щ֣ҹδˡ
һƷһþɳķ֪˶ѪĲѾ˱仯Ũɱ֣ҲǸʿΪʲô᲻ԭ
Ҳԭ޸⡣
Ȼ޲ʱͬĲϡ޲ĲȴûоѪûɱһ̲ɱĽڷתȱǴʱǴȴû˿ɱ谭ͬ˶ϵ㣬תͲܽһ뻹ࡣ
İ취֡
һ־ǻʱȥȱʧɱĲֱѪи֮ȻָܹԭܣһǽȫȱڵĵطȻȥѰһͬʵĲƱʲôãֻҪ̲ŨɱͺãȻǸϵıȡһϣϲȫȱڣ»Ϸƣ⡣
ǣַռ仹һַڵڶͼϡｫȫȱڵĲٲȫֱȱڵĽϣƲȫָܹ̻ܡǻǸȱһֱڣҺܿΪȱڵĴڣԺɱУ˻󣬲ŶϵĿܡ
ҹδռڳռڴ˲̵ʱ䣬Χ˿ֻһ˲ʱ䡣
λѣ㲹ȫϡҹδ뽫ɵԭͽİ취˵һ顣
˵λʿˣΧķʦùĿҹδ롣
ɱӰ޸
ȷ㲻Ǻ˵
Χпֵʿ׷
ڿЦɣ
ֻһۣô˵˵Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ҹδ뽫ǸʿҵʵҲѣȥһɱıϵıܹ
ںŪҰɣǸʿɫѿ޸ˣŪ˵ҺŪߣʲôȥһƵı
Ǹʿ뵽пʼӿŭ
λʦ޸ˣҲû˵ʲô㲻ôŪңǰɣҵɵ𣿡
ҹδɫͲһ㣺ûŪ㰡
ʿɫѿˣ˵˻ţ


68 ԰
ҹδɫһ㣬֪ԭԼ˵˰죬˼ҸͲţΪԼںŪеʱʧȥ£
ɣ
ҹδڰ֣ǸʿԼ޸ȥ
Ǹʿҹδ̬ȣһ
ѵ˵ģ
ǣôô;òأ
ҹδصԼ޸ңܿһʿˣҹδһۣ㿪ʼ޸һӵʱ䣬
ҹδѾ屾Ʊ俴˵ĩβһϵķҪٽ뵽ռڣ޸úܿ죬Ҳ̫˷Լľ
˻ƻʱ֣ҹδص˼ͰسԷ֮󣬱㿪ʼĶ䡣ѾǰƷʦˣֻûп˰ˡҲûмȥĶƷ鼮ռ䣬ЩƷֱѧϰϵķơ
ʵϣҹδкף赲ԼʦĲѧϰռ䣬ȥѧϰһƷռڷѧϰ֮ҲܹѧᡣƷľ
ƷԽߵķԽӣĵľԽ󡣾ѧ˷ƣҲͨˡ
ԣҹδ벻һȿһΣ´ο˻¡£ҹδԼܹѷͼʣµķƶꡣ
һҹδһĿ񵶡
񵶲ףҹδҲô궼ˣϣҹδˣʲôɼģ
ﲻǶ԰˵ȴһּ尾
ҵѾΪƷЦ񿴵ϣеļþòƽһֱİ칫ڣʱþ۲õĻָ״
һȥöָˣֻΪǷԹۣõĸȻް԰ľ۲죬ԪܵˣʵҲۿۡ
ϸϸع۲õĹͷֺһ𣬵·ȴϵĶϣҵҡ
԰Ѿҹû˯ˣľʱҲͨ졣԰ڴشһҹδ벹ȫ˷һֻõͷţȻ̽뵽Ǹõ˿ڴϸϸĹ۲죬һԵҲˡ
˵üëڲͣزо֮ɫΪľǸֶҵ·ʼ޸ˡ·޸õϢҲڻָ
ƻ衣
ҹδʰ׼ֵؼҡ
飡
汻ƿҹδͰһ̧ͷȥ԰˽˵Ļһ˱һֻã˵۾ӡ
δ룡԰˳ܵҹδĲ̨ǰе÷ڲ̨ϣֻ㲹ȫķֻûáûõø𣬶˵ȴ޸˸㿴Ͻ
ҹδȻֽ֪þؿֻãȻͷ
֮ǰĽһˣǸѾȬˣĸȫ޸ˡ
ǸˣӰ۾
ţˣиͷŷͺˡҹδһ϶ơ
֪ȥڴɫڲزסҲûڲء
ţ˵ˣ˵ȥ͡
ߣȥ
һ˵ţһߡ԰Ҳ˳壬һ飬Ѿϸ˵԰ˡֻһֻ飬ˣ͸ˡ
Ʒ˾԰һ·ļҹδˣı׼ˣҹδҲûƴĺ⣬Էڵȷʱ԰Ⱥ壬Ȼ˸ˡ
δ룬˵˵㵱ôȫģ԰Ǻ졣
֮ǰоô˳ۣôȻô޲Ҳ˺ܶΣղųɹ
԰죬˺ܶΡ
ռĲзһûбоǧΣ
о
ȻУȴûҹδٶȣΪʦ˵һܹȫһŲзѾ㹻ֲȫĲзܹƷĵλʯһӡ
ǣٿҹδ룬Ŷã
ѾȫŲзˣ
ؼڶŲȫķп֤ҵȷģؼ鶼зɡ
δ룬ҵô԰ĿƵҹδ롣
Ӧȷİɣ
׼һС飬רоۣⷽδ룬Σ
ҹδ룬ҡҡͷкܶҪæҶǹϵ顣ҪȰγ滻Լڵķǲñ֪ġڵһжռ䣬Լı£Լı£ֻһƷʦ
һһռʧأ


69 ɳ
һһռʧأ
ԣҪץʱԼƷѧϰķʱ԰С飿
ҵǸ۶ֺ밡಩󰡣뵽С飬Ͳøɱˡ
ʵϣҹδɲǵһʦΪһԼͶʿܹ̽ĵ񿴵ϣο鵢Լʱ䣿
Ϊʲôҹδҡͷ԰ɼ
ڵľ̫ͣڷ˽٣ܶණƾֱֱóˣ˭֪᲻ʧ
ҲΪһֱֻӹţһֱĥɾһǴϣԼֱܹڵʱڣŬԼķ硣
ҹδ˵úܳϿң԰޷ֻ̾Ϣһ
ڵѾһЩģϾҹδܹ޸ͷϵ·ķ˵ͷϵ·Ƿƣҵṩһ֤ݡѾоǱŷ
Ϊʲôŷܹȫ𻵵ķƣ
ܹҳ֮İ
԰ˡ
ҹδ԰ָֻԼɶƽÿ춼óʱ񵶡
֮ء
ɽ룬ҪϽվ̫࣬䲻Ͻ羰续ȴҲһַɽ󴨣޾
ɳǡ
Ǿ붫ѾԶҲڴ󻪹ϽϽ޳ǵǵ仰˵Ǳǵ
ÿ궼ʿǰɳǣĿֻһǼ
ǣô׼ģ
ÿ궼ʿǶءȴиʿӿ
ž̧ͷһΰĳţסеļ˶ɳǡ
һ뵽ţ㿴ϵķֵԵĴֶгߴһʯ̾͡
žǵһɳǣܴϢˣ϶ɢǿϢĿ⣬·ֿһɵӵĿ⡣ЩŵεʿǵĿ̱ĽηĽ
žԼ࣬ĽƼž·𲻴ڣһ
ȻˣҪúõĻȥȻұ˽ƣܹһԵҲڵܹƣܹΪ֮ǰ붼Ĵʿ
ӣ
ˣ
ž߽һҷꡣĿǽϵĲȥһ¡
͹٣ԵʲôһЦش˹
⡭ô󣿡
žһڿˮǳԷǳʳ
ڴһ׷Ҳͭ壬Ҫһʯ
ôȥ
͹ô˵ͲˣǸƵûˤӣЦеɲһɳǣۡ
Ϊʲôÿɲһǰ㡣
ǺǡֻЦ
žȻףһҧһ׷һˣͻʯʣµʯˡ
ǻƺܿ콫Ǻְҵ£ûžžգ
λ͹٣֪𣿡
ɳǰ
һ֪ɳǵΪʲôɣ
Ϊ˼
֪ɳܹɶ
֪
ǧ򣡡ָ
ôࣿ
ࣿ⻹ڵĿ£ⶫɳǶᱻӿʿˡ
ƣž˼
ԣǿƣҪɳڵ˿ڣɳǾˡԣɳڵ۷ǳ󣬶ҽûãһѶҪʯ
ԣÿǰɳǵˣҪó׼仰˵Ҫ湻ʯ
´ž䣺͹ٵģƺû׼
ž죬ͷǸҲֻЦһתȥ
һֱžƼƣ߳˷ꡣ·һõ꣬һ£סһޣķ䣬ҲҪʯ
ɳڹˣøϽȥ

žվڴſڣһ
ס
һҪס
ֻҪɹһأ쳣˵ǳɹĿʼ
ǰȻʿأʲô˶ܹģ
žƽһԼȻ󲻼ߵǰӻȡƼƵ
žֳƼƣ
ŵļʿĿһɨϳƼơҲûʲô𾪣ÿ꣬м˴Ƽһʿɿȥžƣһʿӭŷȡ
ƣѾȷžȻǼʿǶžʮֿһûһ̸
ܿ죬֮ǰŵǸʿͻˣž买ֵʦܣ˭
ž޹ģǿ򾲵վòغʿǣǼʿž
ʦܣˣǡ
žЦȻͼλʦֶ׽


70 
ǼʿҲЦУɳǵĵʿΪѾûĿܣΪҲߣ仰˵ûδԣǶž䶼ʮֿ
̨ܴͤ¥лľɽʯ˹ɫʮʱžȴȫû͵飬ԵǳĲ˽⣬֪᲻ῴԼ˽ƣ֪᲻ʶԼĲ
ססԼïϿеˣֽԼƼơ
žԼԼһ·ǿ򾲵ظǸʿ󡣴һţһǰ
˴ˡ
ɣڴһϵ
Ǹ·ʿһƣžͷһ߽˴šפڴڣ̧ͷǰȥһ߶ϣ̬Ԫȴھ粻ͻƵĽ
Եǵ壬۷壬ܻٶͻơԽᣬԽͻơˣܶ˥ϣѻͻˡ
ʱžڿ壬Ҳڿž䡣
΢΢һüͷоžЩˡ
ݼҵƼƣž乪ʩ˫ԼƼơ
һץ㽫ƼץУ˿ïϵƼơ
ǣžȶľпٽïйһ顣
ǣ岢û׷ïйص飬ʵ
ˣ
ոնʮ
ʮ˰ʲôΪ
һ
ҡҡͷҲ֪ĹҺ˵һ¡ƾƼƣȻǿԽǣʮ֮ǰܴﵽԪ磬ʧȥڵʸ񣬻仰˵ǻᱻ
ѾʮˣΪȴֻһֻʣʱˣҪҸ㣬ѣûпܡ
ѡһǼһǽƼϷϷҲ㣬һʯ
ֱʣ
ǸžĵһӡһʯûмôʯҲ֪ûƭȷʵˣΪˡΪͽ뵽ľΡ
ȴܲ诵ıȣҲ诵֪ضɱϣڵڽڵĽơ
Ҫģ
Ա
ʩһ񣺡ҪҶʱ롣
밡
̾ϢһҲаҲԼ룬ͷȴֻһΣǾֻм˯ˡ
ͬܣûž䡣ȻҪõƼƣԼһֶȴҲûžĻԵֻҪƽףȻž䲻ԸǾˡ
Ȱס£ȻïƼģȻҪ鵽ï£ֻïѾˣһ֪ͨĵ㡣
л
žһɣûʱģԼˣ
һֱ˴һԺʣԼʱϸϸ˼̾һ
ɵʱ򰡣
ïأ
ǵôʦֽƷʦֽʦʫʫ
һعȥʶݣûк³
࣬ǽûзӦ
ʥŮӦû֪ϳˡ֪һ鷳Ҫơ

³һľƽžϥڴϣʼ
Ѿһ磬ʿΪڴͨϣѾͨϣʣһϣֻҪͨһϣϳʵᱶ
תسһϣһʱ΢΢ҡҡͷûдͨһϡ
žڳסÿһĵǽ
˵ա
һվžĶ棬žнţɫƽϳïĶ
ʮֻ꣬һ꣬ȴʿ
еûʲôʧΪڵʱѾžΪ磬ֻ֣һ츳ʵˣʦôͿˣ
ֻʦѾ䣬ԼʦˣҲûžͼġȻʧǶʦ𾴣Ŭһ˿
ʦ֣ʲô
žʦ֣ž伱æʩ
߰ɣ
ž뿪˳ûȥͳǡ뿪ԵǣŲԶɽȥ
һһҹҪžٶȡڶʱ֣վһźͨɽ£žЩԻһ㣬ͣʲô
ǰһʯʯϿ֣



71 ŹСʦ
ɽͣʲô
Ӵȡһƣɽϡ
ǰĿռ㵴ǰѿһŻŨӿ˳һڣžоԼʮǧë׶ſ˼¡

ץɽϵƣ߽ſڣžں棬ͷŻѾֺϡ
ٻͷɽ
룡
ɼ
ʱž𺳵ֻĸ֡
žеĸоǳɽֻһɽһȺɽɽɺײʱɹžгǳ
ɫƽһ˿ž˳ʯߣȻͿһ޴ŻŻ֣

žɽߣԶһɽȥĬڣڿڵ
ʦܣҲ㻹֪ʦѾˣ
ʲôž佫Լ׼õ̬ͷ˳ʦ֣㡭˵ģʦ
ȻͷġΪʦ䣬ǱϳСȡ
žɫһΪʲô
ϵûʲôߣֻȻСȵܺãʦ֮ǵΪȻûСסʸ񡣵ͰǵΪ·طϾʦѾ۶ΪǱĵط㲻ֹȡ
ʦֲڣڹֻҺʦáǿߣȴȥǼǣƻʱӦֹܹȡ
֮ӿٶȡžҲí˾˺档
ȥֵǼǳΪ˵ӣһźǰơȻŷҶȱӶȥžЩ⣬һ߱һ߽͵
㲻ûʦĵӣȻǵʦˡΪһС壬ӵһСɽȣԲһȥÿǻԷҶȵȥ졣
žͷʾԼˡ
ƻʱ֡
žȷķҶȡһҶȣ
ʦãʦã
žĿһɨɽĲ󣬹һСںһ߸ľݣľ٣ҶӳȤ
žֱмǸľݣƿ˷ţĿյģüͷ
ѾͷĶȥˣ
һ߽һȥһ߸ž͵
ʦܣƽʱû˹ʫʫְ磬ͨҲȥÿֻ֪һʿ
ƿһţȻͽһĺɸ֡ȴ˵һĺܡ
žúͷȱ߲٣Խļ򣬿һԼŮϣһ֪ʲô޵ĴȣȶŮڳţ͡
ҲǳԵңڵԼûʲôͻȻƿţŮҲһﱻһģһС͵Բģ˾ô⣬۵Сۡ
ǸŮŹŹ־Ĵ۾ǿȻֿž䣬תתͬһڳʳСܵ˾š
ž䱻ŮĿɰòѿ죬ǵãŹֵŮǳĿܾСʦ㣬סûЦ
תͷɫЩεضžСʦܣ㿴ʫʫһֻ֪Ŀʿһö˳Զúˡ
ʫʫʹؽеȥͷ˿еĿ⣬طϵϣСһ
λСʦܰɣұʿҪޣʵԼġСʦܣһҪǡ
žЦõصͷȴࡣʦֺСʦ㣬Ӧǲ̫׵ģԼ¶ڡǲ֪ʦʲôԸ
ʫʫֵʦ㡣
ʫʫЦü䣬Ŷ͵һ˫С֣ϱ
̫ˣ˹ҽʦˡ
˵һץϵȣһ£žǰһݵ
Сʦܣʦԣ
ҡžͷһǰȣ滹ʫʫ˺ҧӡǸˣҲ
Լ˵İ
һӾ˻ȥʫʫſ˺ҧһڣһ߾׽һߺ
ʦ֣ȥСʦŪסĵطдСʦܹҸ
߰ɣ
žߣұߵǸҵģԱ߽һӣΣ
Уʦֵġ
˿ʼľݣǵķݶǶ㣬Ҳ׼ž佨һľݡʾ£žſС̺һµľ塣һžף͸˵ˡ


72 Ǭһ̤;
ৡ
̶ӵʱ䣬˵ǰͶһѳ̺ȫһµľ壬бķӺͺ
ǷӾ͸ˣ˹滮֮󣬿һȻһݣһ϶ˣӾͱĽ˵
顭
ʿնﵽ΢ĻһߡȻӲľɵШӣһľ嶤ǽÿǽ˫ľ壬мſ϶ȡһһеźɫһ˵
¶η壬ҿ֮ǰǷʣµģܿ콫ǽĿ϶֮ݶŴ˸Щ̫ɣСʱʱ䣬һľ¥ͳɹɡ
ȡһ̳ӣװ̳кֻʮϢʱ䣬ȵľϣǵȫǵͿĨ㡣
ˣ죬⼸סҵľݿͷɡ
лʦ֣
ߣԷȥ
ϣžԵúʹ죬Ȼǵʳģζã̲Ũ׷ҲǺ֮ǰԵĲͬ׷žֻǳ׷һЩˣоͣԲȥˣϥʼת
һСʱ󣬺ȻһһѨϱͨȫͨҲл
ϲСʦܣʫʫЦеž乧ϲ
žҲϲû뵽ԼһʹͨһѨϡ
ȿȡžע˹ɫСʦܣԽԽѣ˵ʵѾʮ꣬ʮֻꡣʱ䣬ҪͨǳѡҪҪи
žпЦҲ΢һҽи
úϢҴ
лʦ֣

žӷҶеС˳˳һƬˮ
һƬСʫʫΪžϴȥ˸·ķ糾·صŵĿͷ
ûȥһϤžйЩ顣һϴ˯
գʫʫһ緹žϲգϱ䵱УԼĵܵһԷʱա
Ǹʱϴ󣬶СȻʫʫС꣬Ҳýʦ㡣
ʦֺСʦԸ񲻴ǲ֪ʦֵԸΣ
극ʫʫڷﲻ֪ڹĶʲôž˷ߣϥڲݵϣž
䣬ǵǬһеʿ˳ɶֻɵʿΪ˵ԭ򣬻ΪָʺԼĹԭǱĹ
ǬһǵΪͳĹҲǿֱͨԣûзǳԭ򣬵ǲģҪǬһҪҪ飬ܹǷ
Ǭһ֮Գ֮ΪǬһΪܹκιΪһҲ˵֮ǰʲôԽǬһ˿ͻֻ֮ǰĹǬһĻǬһٴѹڵľ䡣
ǣľˣʵȴ˿䣬ǵǬһİԵ
žвɴϲԼͲɢˡ
ڿǬһ㱳
ǣ
ʼǬһžļ䣬֮žѾܹһֲſʼž佲Ǭһ
һȥžԼ޹Ҽ飬в׵ģҲҡ
лʦ֣
վڰֵȻʦѡеģҵʦܣЩӦõġ
䣬㱳뿪
ž侲տʼ׼Ҷȹȿڴʫʫŭžһ治֪ԼλСʦ㣬ССôܹ¡¡
ǣԼСʦʲôʱӷ뿪Ҷˣ
תͷʦѾɽȿڷӶȥžҲվӶȥ
ɽȿڣʫʫһꡣʱҲֳһ˿˿ŭʱʫʫǸ
٣Һ˵ٴˣҲܳΪĵ£ܲҺòã
ϵžɫһΣǸ¶ԼǲӦԶ
²κ
ǣʦվûü仹бһѵԭǱҲվڵԭء
Ŀžϣһ˿⣺
˭


73 ǴƽҰ
йϵ𣿡ʫʫ˿
ɫʫʫ㻹ΪǰʦѾˣѾû˸ˡ޸ңĵ;ܹȥ㻹ϲԼݣ
֪ʲô
ڵݾûݣֻм޸ңҲܹһµݡ
ʫʫ٣ΪҲ֪Щ¶Ϊ͵͵ѹҶȵҲ֪ҲΪͨϵҴʦֵսҲ֪ΪĿģֶεСˣȢΣ
ٴʱȴУһתž˵˵
žʱˣïԼλʦʦû˳ģϳԭеأԼСʦ㻹˱ƻ顣Ҳ
ʦյĵӡžʵʵ˵˵ӦԼţûʲôԥġ
ǺǡǵЦû뵽һӣģܴˣΪҲͣµʮ꣬ͻᱻϳʵûʲôֵùעġвм֮ɫڲء
ʫʫͬһͷСĸʨӡ
ǺǡѾ˺ƤЦҪҿֶܹãǸʱһҡ
һ˦䣬תȥ
δδ𡭡ˮʫʫۿе
̾Ϣһʦãذɡ
ʦ֣ʫʫıǳἱٵ⶯˼£ҡ
޹أǵ޳ܡǷҶҲǺ۸ġʫʫĻ
ʫʫ̧ͷ죬૵Ҳ֪ʦֻ᲻£
ģᶨʦһµģҵȴʦֹʱ򣬱ض۶ǸʱҿٻţЩ˵ʱһ㡣
ԣһ㣡ʫʫսСȭͷ
ҲȫָŴʦ֣ҲʦĵӣȻʦˣҲܸʦʦãҪŬʦһ󡣡
ԣҪŬʫʫСȭͷ
䣬һ޹أʦڣֻܰڵȡԪʦֵܵҲֻꡣž
ףžѹ
ٴλصɽڣž˺ߣϥڲݵϣϸϸ˼һǬһȷ©һʼתǬһ
ˡ
Χкžʧأ񣬴δԼܹŨ
Ǭһ̫Եˣ
Ǿϲס񣬿ʼתǬһоԼһ˿˿ѹȻһľ磬Ϊȴ½ˣԭڵ;еӣȴСϪ
Ǿȴ̫ࡣ
ȻǺù
ž֮󣬲ȭ֪ڵԼָǸʱȣٿϣҪ֮ǰ屶
ֲõʿ⹦ǰԵ
ҹɫ
ž侲ڴϣƺѾ˯ˣѾĵ죬ѾסԼľڡ
˫ںҹΪһСӵĶӳһҪ񣬱κһϢص㣬ҪȽΧĻ塣֮ǰһֱͶʦסһ𣬰ֱʦʦ㶢һֱûʱ۲ΧĻסԼľڣȥ̽һ
ο
ٵ飬о
žϢʮģžѧ˺ܶ಻̨ļܣЩСܣȴžΣա
ڣϢй¶һ˿Ϣڴϣתͷ˴⡣
⡣
࣬¹䡣
žһ뿪˴̣ͬһֻè˴⡣
ҹɫʣž١
ĮԲǴƽҰ
ܰһľ޴ЫӣˬغݺݵҧһڡߵȻһ۵
ô
ܰԾ׽£еµ㣬ûʳ޳ԣЩЫ֮ģԵ̫ˬ
ǹ⣬׳öһ֣Ȼ̧žһܰԵԴһƵ
Ϊǳ棿ԵòˬǳԣԵĿʲô
ջԴʵ
Ҫˬ
ȥĵطаҲһջԴʵܰԲ
ȥĶǴȥĵطȻ֪ĹأԴΪȥ˵Ҳڵײ㡣ȥ˶һʲô¶֪ǣ۴ľܲ
ԣȥܸ鷳ڱĵطˣҲ֪ᵢС
Ͻ
ǸոϽΪСѰһǲݣǵϽ׷ɱʱȥϽ
˾ʣͱ
ȥ
㣡
ԣǻȥĶ


74 
Ƕӳ˵㣡ܰ
ҲǶӳ˵ľͲˣȻۡ
㣡ܰæͷ㲻Ƕӳ㻹Ƕ㡣
۹ǹ˷Ц
ȻҲ̲סЦֻܰͷԶʱƲƲ졣Ц価Ȼɫ
Ҳ֪εĿĿɲԡǰûдҲֻܹԣһܳõԣ΢еջ񣬾͵÷ءΪûжװ
ǣڲͬˣ˴Ҳڴ󻪲ɹһЩԴЩԴǴеģûеġεĿľһγɹǻʮ׬Դ
ֻҪҪɳĮ͸ڣڼտ֪Ҫ׼
˾㶼ͷһġ
Ȼ䣬˺Լ֮⣬˪ܰԺҹӥСӺʶˣˣҲ޵ġضˣ
ϽҰҲֻԱһЩҲҪ⣬⣬СĶΪ
ܣ
ţܰ⣬Ӧ
ҹӥСӺĵһжһҰֺĻһ±ӡԣҪ˵࿴磬磬пɿɶѧŵ
֪ˣܰӦһȻЦǵΪأ
˵ʲô
Ȼŭˡ
ܰһӣΪĿǰȻҪǹ˻ǿһرһֹȻж̾ǲܰԿԶ졣
֪ѧʲô
Ϊǿǲǣ
ŲĴ֪ôģ
ҲţܰС졣
ܰԵ̬ȰȻɫҪ˽Լͬһĵܵܡ
ˣžԸΪߵ·ҲǴ󿪴ϣΪ
Ȼ䣬Դĸ׹֮ƺˣҲֻļ߽飬ļˣѡҲΪֱԸԼļ˺ѸںҲΪֱԸ¸侲ϡ
ԸЩƦֻƦûʲôĻҪ˵Ȼ⼸У˭϶
ҹδĻ˵ǾһĴܲմǲݣȻҹδŮȻϲ
ܰȴЩںֱֱֺˣûãֱ֤ǴġԣܰԵ֮Ȼֱ
ɿɣѵ
ܰԱƲƲ죬źüëʾԼơ
Ųźܴùֲûбȹ
Ҳǹ֣ļʸȺɴٶȱȺɿ죬ȺԶ˽֣ɾһľ档
Ȼɫӱ䣬źɵ׼֣
ܰԴʱѾվԻһɣ֣Ǻǡ
ҲվףǵǿΪ׶ں˵ǡľ룬ܰԵʵ뻹ӳһʮסŹõĴΪң̼Զ
ԡ
Ѹٵظ乭ҶһļʸڿлܰԵļʸΪٶȸ졣Ǻɵļʸȴ׼ضײܰһ֧֧ϡȻܰԼʸڽɵļʸ֮󣬻ܹǰ䣬ȴѾǿ֮ĩ
žžžɵļʸ˵ϡ
ԡ˼䡣
̤̤̤
ɿʼˣܰԵٶȣܴܵѹرɫֳĽţеһ˿־壬κ˶ܹóˣҪ˳һ԰ȫľ롣
ܰԵһǰһһߴǰҪͺ֮ľ룬Ҫúʸǿ㷶Χ֮ڡ
֪䣬ܰԾǰٶףʱΧɢʮ֧ʸ֮ǰ˫ļʸڿײġ
ԡ
˫໥ܰԵ۾ͻȻһֺһ֧еƫûо׼ļʸͷϣ֧ڿнβײһ£ɵļʸͷŵ˹ȥܰԵļʸȴźɼȥ
ž
ļʸײ˵ŵһ֧֧ܰǰס֧µļʸһײ͵ڵһб˳ȥ
ۡ
ʸܰԵСȣʱѾһŲԼ֧ʸ
ܰͣͷؿŲԼСϵ֧ʸѪ
Ǻֱɵ
֪Բɵ飬ٻ֮ǰıԹ̣һֱüʸļʸȻϹ¶źͿ־壬һǰУؼʸм䡣
˵ʱѾ˺ɾĲֵ
ȻÿײԼļеļԴõļ䣬Լ
жôȷļ㣿
ҪԼļʸҪܰԵļʸٶȣǶȣܹܰԵļʸıɵļʸͽǶȣ׼ڵѾѡõļʸ̶ѡõļʸ䡣
Ȼ˹ܰԵǰСϵļʸγĿȻȡҩͿĨܰԾôվһֱȵȻվ̧ͷֱ
ȻȻ߲٣ǴʱȴһָоȻڸɴһ£ɫǺ죬ڰ
㡭


75 ºڷҹ
֪ѧʲô𣿡
֪
ѧʲô
顣
أ
û˰
žȻһܰԵԴϣأܽԷļʸıǶȣõϵļʸ𣿡
ܣܰԺҡͷ
Զ㻹ʲô
ûˣֺܰҡͷ
쿪ʼͿɿѧϰɣ
ã
ܰ۾һܹսĶϲ
УһĹʧȥáǸʱ㣬һˡ
ôͷˣܰһķŵʵŲӣΪߡ
ôշȻһָǹ׳˼ǱΪߣҲ򲻹ǲǣ
ǣܰŴԴȻ
У磬ʰ
׳ЦеܰԵܣ
Ӻ󣬴ܰˡȻֺǹд裬ӺְˡҴܵ϶˲ˡܰûںƣϴŲˣǹ⣬׳ͺɣ¶һʧ䣬ֱƭʧ䡣
ǡҰǵѡܰˣӣȴƭҡ֮ǰдʱǹ򲻹ңǰҵʲôûаҵѣ
Ȼ촽˶ȴûпڡ֪ʱԼڣǹ׿ڽ͡
ܣ׳һЦеı飬ɫü棺ûƭ㡣
ǡд֮ǰһܰһҲɵƭҵı顣
ǲһ׳֮ǰд裬д衣ûҲȫʵ
ΪߣһʮᣬǴ򲻹
Ρ
Σ׳ϸ˵ѾдķΧˡǰ㵱ĵˣԲд裬ɱһ뵽״̬סֵġԣԣ϶˵ˡ
ܲܺдһΣҪһΰɣ
׳һһٵԣдд裬ɱɱ
ܰԳĬˣֻǺɵڻһ£ںͶԷɱĹУԷܹԼһΣܹ˵ڶΡԼѪҺʧҲĽһԼɱ
ЩܲˣЩܡԼҹӥСӣ˶㣬ԼǿԼҹӥСӵĵڶ֣Щ׳ˡ
ǡ
ˣԼ
ԼΪǱ׳ǿ󣬵ʵսľľһ׳˲֪˶ٴԵǻӵ־顣
׳ǿĽԼһûпĶ۽
ˣȻ
ˣܰԵԴ
쿪ʼǻ㽲Ĳɱ飬Ҳһϣǻʵսָ㡣
ޣ
žԴְȻһƣڳǷ
ޣ

ƽסڵõĺ棬ʱһˣϱһ˹¶סúһԺ
ԭһܵǿߣȴΪʮǰˣΪ䵽۶ľ硣Ÿãͬʱˡ
ҹɫһӰӯӹԺǽԺ
ĴŴ򿪣ƽһյ͵ƣ̬ӵشӷ˳վ̨ϣԺ
¹ˮԺǸ˵ϡ
̾ϢһƽתͷȥɳƵƮ˳
ɡ
پٲ˽ȥʱƽѾ͵ƷϣϣĶ棬ƽ
ʦ壬ˣҲ۶ֺαһֱ̬ӵӣ
ƽҪģʱ˿ңŻѾˣˡ
һЦĴָҾʦδѣ
ƽ˵һۣôʲô¶
ٵʫʫ¶
ôûи㶨ƽ޵ؿһ˿
Ӳһġʦ壬Ҫİæ
ƽüͷڵǵٵĸסƽҪˣҪָܵΪһ˸ҪܶıЩҪŪҲһһεΪæƽüͷٴӴȡһеݸƽ
ʦ壬Ҹϴδ͸ҵģʦá
ƽУȻϣٶ̾Ϣһŵٵ˵ɡ
ȥ˷Ҷȣʫʫ˺ˣˣïǰһӣѾ˷Ҷˡ
Ŷ
ƽֻǵŶһעҶȣעž䣬עֻԼơ


76 һ
ȴԹԵ˵ʦ壬ŪߣŪڵҵҪʫʫǸѾͷʱôҡ
ƽͷǸģһڵĵֻһֵ顣ֵ
ҪҰǸսĵҲŸʡ鷳ҡ
ãҡͷǸ˶ʮˣֻһΪͱϳˡôС
ɣƽν
ա
ӵ˵ѶϢǰϼפꡣ
϶ǵٸɳġʫʫ˫Ŀ᣺ǰѴʦֵߣְѶʦֵߡʦ֣Һһȥϼˡ
Уҡͷڵڣ㻹ǰȫġһ뿪˵˭Ҳܱ֤ᷢʲôԣ㻹ڵ
žԱһֱϴŻɡǸϲʫʫҲֶΣһΣֱ𽫴ʦֺͶʦֵߡĿⲻʫʫ
ʦʲôıɣ
УžոţԵһжϤҲҪָ㡣
ʫʫž䣬յͷ
䣡ֶžûʹĹȥô󣬲ŽҲϴɣ
ǣžʱо˫Ŀƣ·͸˵顣вһݣʵ
ã΢΢һЦʦΪȻߣǽ˵ûСʦ뿪֮ʦ㻹Ҫġ
ʦ֣ף
ʦã¶ʦܵġʫʫ
ţʫʫƵصͷ
ˣҶȾʣʫʫžˣžʫʫָ

ҹδƽѾʮˡȻ֪ԼĲӦñռκˣһ뵽ʮֻһ꣬лŽź;塣Ͷȥ񵶡
ʱ򣬻ǳ£ȴʼů
ҹδûȥ޸˳ȥƷ˾Ŀ˲һȿաҪƷʦƷķʦǰˡ
ҹδ˰ƷƷʦģȻʹﵽ˰ƷƷʦľ磬ȴûȥѧϰƷƷʦķǰʣľ󲿷־ϡ
ѾˣǶҹδ˵񵶻̫ˡȻֻһô󣬵ҹδԼĹϿ̻Ļɻ˵֯ҪѹѹôСпܳԡ
Ʒķʦʱ䣬ʵϲ㿼Ʒһ𿼺ˣʱ䣬һ
ֻ˰ƷʦҪһţֻҪʮַͨˡ
ҹδ·˿⣬Ӱнӹ˱
ʦͣ
ҹδվһԵҲҡһȭͷҹδһЦҲʼһЩأ
˽ȥβμӿ˵˺һЩʮҹδ뻹һʶģϴο˾ƷƷʦʧܵһʿ
ˣ
ǸҲҹδ룬ֳ˾֮ɫһȣһƷˣ
ҹδһ䣬£ĬĬصȴ
û˺ڨֻȥ˲ӣű㱻ƿ߽ˣҹδɫһ㡣
԰
û뵽԰࿼ϻ۵ӣоЩѰ԰Իһ꣬һŨŵꡣ԰Ŀһɨ˽ҹδ룬΢΢ͷȻ˿ʼǺǸ̸š
û԰Ǹ꣬ҪǷڱʱ䣬ضзʦǰڨϾ԰Ʒ˾˾ǿͨ˲Ҫġ˶ҹδȻҲˣֽ̿ĥ÷īʣպīʼȫûע⵽Ǹ겻ʱؿһۡ
ҹδ뻭úܿ죬Դʼ񵶣ͷԼľʼøӾٶҲʼ졣Ҳ˼һʱ䣬ʵ顣񵶵ʱ򣬲û̫ľ칤ʱ򣬾ƽûʲô
ǣÿ񵶶ĵÿݽߣ칤ʱ򣬾ͻӿ죬񵶱һֶԾĴľ񵶵Ĵþ⡣
ҹδûһֱ۵ĸоԼľﵽһɶڼɵʮŰƷ
񵶣Ҳҹδھİѿصõ˼ͷϵķоҲڷԼ⡣ٻƷֱȵƷҪ졣
ֻһʱ䣬ͻʮšˣٻʮţͻοˡ
緹ʱ䡣
Ʒ˾ʳṩˣȻҪǮҹδ뻹Ϊˣ԰֣
δԷ


77 Ʒʦ
ҹδ뽫ֽʷīʰãǰлл
δ룬㻭˶ˣ԰ʵ
ʮţ
һ˲䣬ھһҹδĿⶼȻ
ôܣ
һʱ䣬㻭ƷҲʮŰɣ
ЩƷʦǸƷʦ˵ҲǸƷƷ
ʮţ԰һ˿ȡ
ţҹδͷ
Ʒ
Ʒ
˻һ󵹳ԭΪǾƷû뵽ǰƷ͸ˡ
˵Щˣ԰ЩӦǸŵҲؿҹδ롣
øҿ԰˫ĿŹ⡣
ޣ
ҹδصԼλһ͵԰ǰ԰ӹһʼһһſ
Ʒ
ǳɹİƷ
һǸɫҲԽԽ⣬̶ҹδȤԽԽŨ
һŷ԰и̾ҹδȻһţŲǶڷϺ׽Ҳļ졣һոǰƷʦʿµʱ䣬ƥƷʦˮ׼
οⲻƥ⣬ҹδһ续ʮŰƷˮ׼´ʱҹδľѾԶԶسԽ˰Ʒ
Ʒ˾õһӰ
԰Ļŭš
δ룬Ҹһ£λһѵĶӣҵֶӣ㣬˶ģԷҲǳȤЩӣδʹдһ¡
ޡҹδҪܾҪ԰Լܶ࣬Ҳãͷ
ðɣ
Ȼش磬ҲǷʦ
ҡͷһʦΪͷ֮ͨҲоһ·ڽ
ȳԷ԰к
˿ȣҲԼܹһ续ʮŰƷ԰Ҳ˶ԴԼɣ
ȻҲвģЩҹδ޹ء극ҹδȥߵҹδۿ
ԼԣȻһʦǷк֮ܶͨҲ˽һЩһһƷʦһƷʦҲΪԼܹҹδ뻭һŰƷ˵

ѾˣֱˮѾƷֱһı֡

㲻ɸ̾
ҹδ뻭һ磬վں濴һ硣ֱ㻭꣬ȥʮŰƷ԰Ըҹδ뻻һľƻ£治ٿž֣һ֣ҹδѾһƷƷʦˡ
԰ǣ԰ҹδúд㣬ҹδź뿪˿
ΰûզզȿҹδǰ£Ȼ˷ܵ
ʦǰƷʦˣ
ţҹδҲ˵ʹ˵ͷȻҸǽһ£λ㣬˵ֶӡλ껣ҵĺѡλǰҵͽܡ
໥ʺãȻȥ
ʦǻؼ𣿡
ȥһ˲󣬽һЩƷ鼮
ʦ׼Ʒʦˣ˷ܵվҹδӪУҹδԽλͽܵδҲԽá
ţ
ҹδ׼ÿһʱѧϰƷԼʱ䣬ռڣʱǾֹġ
ȥƷ˾󣬽ʮ飬ţĸ߳Ʒ˾ҹδϴǸ
ش磬ɫѾ˿ջ˰ɣûҰ㶩һ
ҡͷûҸ㣬Ҿסҿͷɡ
ҡҹδɫΪѣǲסԼңԼҲǹһסڼѾߣеʦгʦڻ껡ǣԼûпͷˣȽС
ˣڵǻһͷ
ҺסڣˣҲססڸڰɡ
УͷסĶС߶δ룬֮͡
ôͣҹδæ
ҿһοͣҪסܾáô˵Ҷ׬ġ
ǡðɣ
ҹδļң֮͸뿪뿪ǰ˵һһһҹδȥ
ûһͻˣһ棬ġ㻹Ǽʶ㣬ǿǣ˭ĵȵõľ¥¥Ʋ˵ʱѾ·ʹǺþõѡ
ƹѲ˹ζҵĹϵ͸ˡ
磬˵ɱδ룿
ţ
δֿסһΣô죿ü𣿡


78 ߽߳
Ҳû취䲻Цһ⻹أûǮ򡣡
ڴһϴլӣҶᵽȥסɡסһʲô飬ҲܹʱӦլҲţ뿪Ҳס
ҹδһۣúˡԭԼ˱˵˼һլڴƽʱš
Уҡͷ
ǲֵܣ
ֵܣֵֵܹܡ
ֵܾͱ˵ģǾͰᡣҲ
Ŷ㡣
Ҵ֪δڷϵִ档δɷʦ޸ڣȫ˷ԣҲҪδཻܹϵС
ȻѣҪһرĻᡣҲ˼δ뽻
ش磡δ뿪ڵкܶԼҪÿҲжʱ㽻ҵķ绹͡
ᵢʱ䣬һеʱ䡣Ҫֱ۸о㵱޸ǰ㡣
˵֣عֵæ޸ҲδؾͰﲻæҲ֮ĽҲ㡣
˱㶼ҹδ룬ҲˡȻǶ˵ֵܡ˭Ҳɵܹǳҹδġ
˵ĿǲģǾͲ֪ˣ
ҹδ뵹һԣź֮ܶͨЩıǷƺںϡˣþܾĺ⡣԰ΪмˣҹδľҲܵͣˬͷ
ãǾ߶شˣ
ϲɫţš
գҹδͰˡ׻˵ƼֵᣬȻʱ޵ķݣҲ͸ոס˰꣬ðĶҲ١ŽмӪĴŪ˭֪֣Щ׼ߵĶʧˡҹδĴоܵ˱
ƶ
Ȼһ˾ɵظˣļ
㣬լ֣
ƽ֣
־һоܵ˱
ƽ־ûСլӣ

ƽϵķӸͲլӣǽиۡ󲻵
ҹδ˹ͣеǶĸۡڴûסָۡأ
ԣ
Լססĸۡĸۡʹĸۡһɣ

˼׼ҹδ뻹Ǳˡ
һǰͥͺ԰߽߳ĸۡǹһȦͻ˽һСʱ
ҹδסһ߽û»ں԰û˷ԣ˫޳ɡҹδҲϲ̵ͬˡһסĻѾߡ֮ǰֵۡѾ߰ŵĵط
㣬סڵ
ҲҪΪҵӣҪסʦ԰ס˵ҵ͵Ѿ߷̡
ʣµļĽΪͷһѣ߶ȻҲиסĵطѼǰһ˾סĵط
ҹδ߸˵شŰȥ޸ˣǰ޸˲࣬һҹδڷѡƷӽѡʮŸȻƷʦֻҪʮŷҹδ׼ѡһ֡ѡУвˡΪеķǷеһЩ
ҹδѾ屾ͼ䶼ˣһ»屾ͼ䣬ǽԭķ֮ͼ䡣
ͼнǧҸƷУҹδռ䣬Щͼ䲻⣬Ҳèѧˡ
Ϊʲôͼᱬܣҹδ벻֪ȴ֪Žɱˡ
ǣҹδҲеķеԭϰͼ֮⣬ҲƷϵĸֻʱῴڷһһļ⡣Щڷ⣬ϰƷʱٶȱø졣
ƻؼң˾һԷǳʦ͵ʦƵģֱӽӹ˷˵ĲϷáҪ֪ⲿѿɲͣõĶϺõĲϡҹδҲûоֻܾмţһҪúõغ㽻ϣԼܹ㡣
Ҳҹδ˵Ǩ֮ϲԴҶԵúܿģҲ˲١ҹδΪԭûкȾơ˿ǺȵЩҹδҲûкصԼĵ߽
֮󣬱㿪ʼ񵶣ѹ񵶡ľ˾ڤ칤Ȼѹ񵶣ֱҹŻ˯ߡ


79 ֮
ոշһ߰ס
ҹδϴ֮󣬱ȥΪÿһ֮
ոմţмƿ֮ԼཻܼפĿȥں㽻֡
ֳһ˴ṇ̀㣬ɨ
÷겻͸ˮò
Ķ棬ȴʹһ¾֡
¾֣һͬһµıⲻһ˫ȥƵıһþٿصıʹͳ˫ֲٿصıٿصıΪѸ٣ΪϬΪ졣
ȷ˵Ǵͳʿֻܹ˫ֲٿشǹսľ󲿷ʱ䣬սҪ湥ҲҪŲƶٶȾࡣ
ǣٿرأ
˿վĶ棬¾ȴԴ棬棬棬ϷκνǶȹ
˶ʮּңһֱҪƽ㣬ȴһֱ롣ͣǹ¾ɣ̶첽ƽĳǹҪʱ򣬱ķһĨ¾ֱնòıǹĿȥֵ
ҹδܵͣ˰꣬ҲǴ徳һ㣬սľΪ㡣˭ռϷ磬˭·硣һԹս껣
磬˭
Ӯ껿˵
ΪʲôҹδҿǸĶܽŰ
¾ֵٶȲƲķ
ҹδˣܹϵرƽٶ½һЩͻᱻһʵذɡܹ֮ǰƿķ
ǣȻڻ
ȻԼһӺǹⶥʺϣڴڵشŴ϶
𣿼ֱǡޣ
ٺ١ⲻʲôĵǲޡ
ҹδʱһռܹ¾ϵķ
һܣ
¾ϵķƾԲﵽĿǰΪֹһûмı
ס˼ҵĸۡҹδ뵱ȻŻرǰش磬ܿ¾𣿡
㽫¾ֵݸҹδ룬дŴ
ҹδ˫¾ǰĿ¾ϣֳһ˿㵣û̶ռ䣬Ϊо¾ϵķЩͷϸؿһ飬̧ͷ
ش磬ķơô֪Ĳһ
ҹδ¶ӣ㲻ɷЦδ룬ⲻǷơ
Ƿƣҹδ㵡
һԵһ۵ƣ
ƣҹδü
ţͷȻ󷨣ǿ죬֮Ķ涼·
Ҳ
ܣ㿪ڵδ룬ڽӴķǵͽ׵ķֻڱϿ̻һּ򵥵ķơ
ڱϿ̻һֱ˪ͻͷűǱ˪̻һͻͷŻ棬ǻ浶̻һؽȵȡ
ʵĴʦϵķ㲻Ǽ򵥵ķˣɲͬķƹɵķ󡣶ԭ
˵ҹδ˼ıҪȷǿ󣿡
Ҳô˵ҡͷˣƿƵı𲽾ԷǳӣһƵķ˾Եͽʿ
ΣҲɣ˵󷨣һʱ뵽ʲô
ҹδ룺󣬻߱ڱɱ
ԣһ°ƣɱ˺󣬶ҪҲ˵󷨵Ĺڡ⣬ͨǲµģǰȫġһСĽ뵽ڣͻܵ
ԶĴܹʮɽġһôܹĴ
Ҳ޷ѵװôСһڹ԰ɣ
ҹδ룬껵˶׷׵ͷ
Ȼ˵Ҳз󷨣ǲõ˽ȷ˵ʹУһ󷨣йĻ֣赲˽롣Աûɶá
ǣҲбĵЧ練
Ʋʱ򣬱ֻܹ󡣵Ǿ߱ЧĴ㹥ͻᷴеĴԵЧʮ
е󷨣ûзЧǣȴӦӦ
ӦӦ
ԣͷʵϣҲǲ⹥ֻ⹥ҪڹҪǿҪӡǵһ㻹ףҪӣһͼһ㡣ӦӦ򻯳΢󷨣ڱϣеӣӵľԽѡŪãıˡ


80 
˵ͻȻ˷ˣУһҲԵӼ󷨣ӵвͬЧǿ
ָָҹδ˫ŵ¾ָ֣⻮ơ
󷨾Ǳ˪ܹͷų˪֮һи˵壬˪֮뵽˵ڣ˵ʵұ˪ܷ¾֡
ҹδĿ֮ǰսĹ̡¾кһԣͬ¹һ㣬¾ָ£ȴû뵽Ч¾ֺǹײʱĴǹϻᱻһ˪顣ʸʩĺѹ
ڵʵҲ͵˪󷨣ܹ㣬ֻ˪󣬾͹æҵġǸʱ뼰ʱǹϵı˪ɲסˣҶ¾и壬ͨǹܹѱ˪֮ӵ˫֣뵽ڡ
ûзɫصصͷ
ҹδüëٿ󷨣Ҳ㣬󷨣ҵ¾ָӵѸ󷨣ܹҵ¾ָӵؿ٣Ҳ㡣ʵϣѸܵһ㣬ҵĶ֡
ҾͿ󷨣ÿҲ͵㡣
δ룬ĽҪܲܺͷƽһ£ٵӼ㣬һ㡣
㣬ڴôլӣȻûıӦҲ򵥡ѵûҹЩʦʦСãСֻǷĳѧߡ
ͷˣǶﲻæ
ʧЦʦﲻæСã
һҡͷ˵ˣδڻûѧϰ֮ǰܹ޸ڣ΢ѧϰܹȫ˷ʦҲġȲ˵ʦ޸ڣǸʦԶҲ
ο˷Ҳûʦоûвȫ
츳
ˣ
ڴҹδ롣
ҹδͷĿԼ˫ŵ¾֣Ȼ뵽ռ䡣
һռ䣬ҹδоһϲΪռڿ˲̨ڲ̨ϰڷ¾֡
˵ʲô
˵ռЧͲֲ̨¾֡
һ񷶥䣬ɨ̨ϵ¾֮֡󣬱ڶİгһĻĻϳͼ
ҹδȽĿ˵һͼһͼϵ¾ֺͲ̨ϵûֻ̫һЩ仯
󣬱˪ѸŸÿһ󷨸ĵطࡣĵط٣ֻһ˪ѸҹδԾô٣˵ˮƽĺܸߣ˵ǳʵ
ҹδֽĿ˵ڶͼ۾һ
ڶͼϣ󷨿ƷԵĲͬһͼǲŵģһ¾ֵиڶ󷨱˪¾м䣬Ѹ¾ֵĵطÿһ󷨶¾һӵһˣÿһ󷨶Ρ
ڵڶͼȴˣ¾ֵֻһ󷨣󡣵¾˴ȴһԲεķֻͬ۾Ƕڲ¾ֵϵˡ
һֻ۾΢ı˪һֻ۾΢Ѹݷ
ҹδоϲÿν
¾ֵĵȫ󣬱ڵ磬ҲٵĲɣ
ֻ۾Ѹݷͱ˪õӣȴвͬĲΡ
Ϊ˪ѸݷҲŲͬƷȻƷԽߣԽ£Խ⣬ҲԽѿ̻Ǹ߼ȴ͵󷨵Чһġ
ҹδ뾪ϲǣܹνӣ໥ٽЧ
˵ģֻȫ󷨣Ҫսʱ򣬲ͣڵȥ¾ϵ󷨣ܹϵؼ󷨵ͷš
ǳ
ڲͬˣֻҪսʱˣͷѸݺͱ˪ͬʱͨνӣ󣬴ﵽӦеЧ
Ҫ֪Ҫȳ󷨣ʡȥˣ
ķ
ҹδռڳվڴ
һҪģҹδ벻̫Լţ޸ڣͲȫ˷Ѿߵˣⲻ㶼˹
ҪǣˮƽĸߵȻţûŵǸݶϣռˡ
󣬶ش磬Ҹо뷨ǶԵģǿںϵġڵķֻаƷҶһ֪Ҫʱ䡣
ɣҿԵȣǣδ룬¾ûʲô󷨶ԿƵģɣ
ҹδͷд󡣡
д󣿡ɣ
Щεؿҹδ룬㶼˵ˣֱ˵˼Ҵˣ
һ˲䣬ҲЩΪѣ죬ȴ֪˵ʲô


81 Ŀ
ʶԼһ˵͵ҹδæǴӦֻЩǡҲ˵ãֻһָоֲ󷨡
㿴ʲôˣȻ¶ڴ
ûУֻԼҹδҡҡͷ˵׼
˵׼Ҫ˵˵
ҹδ뿴ڴ񣬵ͷ¾ϵ󷨣ǲǲûзӳÿһ󷨵
ÿһ󷨵ǲֻܹӳɣ
Ȼ۾԰Һ˵ֻǵһ󷨣˵󡣲ͬӣܹٷְٷӳܡǼ˱˪Ѹ֮󷨵νϾͳ⣬ȻܣÿȴĳɣƵҲò󷨡ֻܹ㣬Ҳͱȵһ󷨵ܶɡ
һн취ġش磬һЩ󷨵ӻʼҳտ
û⡣ʲô׵ĵطң֪޲޲Ͻ¾ֵܡδ룬ҪͲҪȥƷ˾ˣڼо󷨡
ҹδҡͷⲻУҵ׬ʯ
ҹδ˵ʵһе׼Ϊ˳޸Լĸ
Ȼû飬һָоȻռΪԼʾĨȥͷϵķƣôʵһܹĨȥԼڹͷеķơһͷϵķƱĨȥǾͲǸôˣ˵첻ˣüΪ¶ڻ˶õ⡣
Լܹڹͷϵ̷ƣָǿһڼ䣬ԼҪӪʳƷҩԼǵסԼ
ⶼҪʯҪʯ
ԣҪ׬Ǯ
죬˵ʯ֪˵ĻʩᣬѶû
ҹδ뽫¾ֵݸ㣬ʼֻصԼķ칤ϴһ緹ŴŰȥƷ˾
һ뵽Ʒ˾˴Ӵ칫ڳĹЦŶҹδ
δ룬ڶ˵޸ˣķʦŲ
ҹδ벻ԡ
ָָǱߵʮ˺޸ңҹδȥȻʿվǰ
ҹδ˹ȥʿҹδ룬һ˿ɡǱƼģ˵ҹδһŮ
ǡ
ᰡ
˵һСְɣ
ҹδȻѾʮˣΪӪֻһ壬ǾһС
ûŮϣԼҹδŶԸıͷϵķƱмڴҲϧ
ȻһɹˣõĲԪʵ
ҹʦһԸߵʿɵʵ
ţҹδӻ֣ðȥţȻȥ
ʿһۣǸҹδ˽ǸԸߵʿʵ
ҹʦ˵޸ķܹһܣ
ҹδҪͷȴȻ뵽ԼҪ׬ʯϱֳһ˿Ϊѵ
ԵǿԣҲķѸľ
ǿԶึһʯǸʿ̵
ҹδһϲУķøҿ
Ǹʿ˲̨ϣһҹδɨһ̧ۣͷü
Ҳûл
ûǸʿЦһܡ
аɣ
ҹδર죬ٴεͷǸ̻ǷзһۣͿǡĵطһѾʼ˺֭ҹδ뿪ʼú֭ĨǡķƣȻʼ¿̻
ҹδˮĶǸʿǵķ²٣һ̶ʱ䣬ҹδ˿̵
ԣ
Ǹʿ˷һ£ϳ˾ϲʯ
лллҹʦ
ҹδڰ֣ʾⰲʯȻڶʿڶʿķҲû𻵣ҲܵģҹδҲܿʿ˸߲ҵ뿪ˡ
ҹδ°˼Լ£Ҳһ⡣ڶ޸һĿǴ޸
Ժ޸޸ٲܡ
ҪܣüǮ
ҹδһ춼ܸˣΪһĿ׬ʯ
飬ڻƻʱֵ֣ؼҵʱƻˡ
ҹδ߳޸Ʒ˾ȥ;Уһһʿҹδ룬ıӵ
ʲôƨʦٵİɣ
ҹδɫһ㣬ˣǸһС飬Ȼȫ֮½Ǹʿҹδɷһɷֽͬϣֱȱڿ̻ơ
ǣô


82 
һԵİԸˣڵôأʦˣ
ǸʿɫһͣɫѿȥƷ˾ƷЩʦ˵˵Ĳԣô¶ɷ
Ǻ˵˵
ⲻˣ𣿡
ҹδҲΣɴڰֵ㲻žˣȥĵط
ߣܿƽϢʼÿ̶
칤ѧϰͷ񵶡
һһ¹ȥҹδѾ˻˽⣬ռİһµʱ䣬ĻѧˣʼָѧϰƷƷҲѧһ֡
Ʒͼвз
ȻУ
ҹδûȥԲȫзûǸʱ䡣ڼԼĸܼʱ䶼ѹ񵶺ƿˡ
ΪϰƿδѹС񵶣ҹδ뻹ί˴˼СķÿҲʱþƿص̡
΢СķͲȥãֻܹþƿءҹδļϰ£ȻõջľƿؾȻﵽ΢ľ硣
ѹѾֻСˣҹδò˶ʱ䣬ͿѹС
ÿĽҹδÿ鶼ϲ̵ġ
·˫Ƿҽõִ£ΪҹδķʦƷ˾Ҳбģ·˫ܹ˵ģͱƱķʦ߼
ǣЩӣƫƫ޸˸ˣҴžž졣
ǸѾ˸ⱲˡǸ޸ҹδȴ˵ʲôȫһ˷ܹ޸ⲻǳǳ˭
ⲻŻἥһ϶񣬻ʲôʱ򼥷
ǣȴû뵽ҹδ벹ȫ˷ƺˣȫ˸ҹδ벹ȫ˷ѾƷ˾ϣ˲ƷͼУԺ˭ѧҪҹδֳɵġ
ЩӣƷ˾ЦϣʳóԷʱЦ鼫ȷꡣʱڷڣɫš
Ŵ򿪣һʦ̽ͷ£ĸҽõķʦ̹
ˣ
鷳·˫̧ͷ̹һۣû˵̽ͷ̽Ըʲô
̹ЦǺǵ˽ְŹϣ·˫Ķ棬ѹ
ˣҵˣ
ҵʲô·˫ͷ˵
ǸҹδЩӲǵҵһʿʿʹ롣һ׷룬ʮöǰЩǿУķˡ
·˫۾һʲôͺŵķ룿
΢͵ķ룡
·˫ֳϲɫ΢͵ķ룬ֻͨСŷ֮һ£ôСķϿƵķжС
жѣ
ǶжƷʦַ룬ַһ𻵣޸ʮ
Ǹʿһ̿Ͱɣ
ԣ̹ĵ˵һ׷벢˴ģһżżȻõġ׷ʵȴǰаöȥ۶Ʒ˾ͷˣȴ޷޸ˣ˵ܸҹδ룬ҹδ϶޸ˡʱһضҹδѡ
ܺãúܺã磡֪Լ޸ıְãͱ𵽴֡Ƿҽһ޸ССʦֵܹ𣿡
ǣ
¾ͽ㣬ú㣡
̹ϲʹͷˣͷİɡ
˵·˫һµҹδ᲻ַ޸
ҵϣ֣̹ܽЦַ۶û޸֣ʱ򳹵Ū˷룬Ǹ̿Ϳɲ״򷢵ˣʱӾʹˡǺҹδܾʱҪϲ¡
ǣֲ֣Ҷ˰׵ģҹδԶˡ
·˫ٴ¶Цݣ̹ļ򣺡ǳã
ֵ̹ƨƨߵģһظ֤ԼһҹδһĽѵ
סҪժøɾϣ
һСģġ
ȥɣ
ǣˣƺðɣ
̹ȥıӰ·˫οһĸԼʡȥ˺ܶ¶һܹԼã
һա
ҹδԼ޸ڿ鼮ͼ䶼ѾˣƷҲѧһ֣ѹҪһȫûдŵĵطڼҵʱѹ񵶡޸еʱ䣬ʼѧϰ󷨡
֮ǰΪռֻܹΪĹˡȴû뵽ܹ󷨡
һҲͲ֣ԣԭ֮ͨռܹȻҲܹ󷨡
ͻȻ䣬ҹδȴ


83 ӿ
ҹδüͷĿ鼮ϣȥ
ǣ
еĿ̵첽ߵǰ˳ȥһ˻
ʦ
ʲôҹδû̧ͷڿ顣
һʿҪ޸
¹ˣҹδ̧ͷ
ûУ޸ûĸʦܹ޸Ǹʿ޸һЩƨʦú
ʲôķ綼޸ˣ
޸ˣҡͷִ¶ȥˣҲ޸ˡ΢͵ķ룬̫Сˡ
΢ͷ룿
ҹδһվߣȥ
ʦæϣǸ΢ͷ̫СˣǸʿ̫ˡʦ㻹ǲҪˣһ¹ʣǸʿǺˣһ鷳
û£ȥеĻҲ¶
ҹδ뿪˳ȥһȺȥʱкܶˣ޸ķʦѧͽпֵʿŵķʦЩŵʿֵġоʮҽõķʦһŰӣһֲӴģ̹վʮҽ÷ʦм䣬ҹδ˹Ŀһڳ
Ӵⲻ޸ǿʦǸʿܸ޸ķʦˡ
ҹδѰ̹һۣʶ֪֡ڷҽΪ档֪ԼΪ˷飬˷ҽã÷ҽͦûģͷҽüìܣϱ¶º͵Цݣ
λʦ֣ͱЦˣʲôǿʦ㿴ҵ䣬𣿡
ҹδ˵̬ȣ̹һ˿䣬Ȼ¶ЦݣȺ߳ҹδǰһʦһ㣬߸ҹδļ
ҹʦҲ°ʦȻǷҽõģҲ޸ȥ¹ʣʦҰ
ǿҪллʦˣҹδЦǺǵģƺûв̹Цص
̹е⣬аɵ˰ģ㵹ùɣ
ʱоڴҹδ޸Ǹ΢ͷ롣
ǿ޸ʦǸʿ´ҹδ룬ֳ֮ɫ
ҹδڰֵҲǿʦ޸ģǲǿʦ޹أķҿ
Ǹʿһ£û뵽δСôǿơлǸֳڴ죬һѺ˵Ʒ˾޸ķʦܹ޸ķȻѶô˵Ӧûʲôɣ
Ȼ˵СŮ޸ǿʦӦЩŶȰɣ
ΪһĴ̿ͣʮö΢ͷ̫ˡȻֻǻ˰öѾӰʵΪ˰öϴûɣ۶ȥˣҲܶһƷ˾ڴʵǱƵûа취ˡ
ǰö΢ͷģݵҹδǰ
˻
е֣
ҹδȻ׼΢ͷ룬лЩòס
޸ǲ޸
ַѾס޸еķʦʱҹδȡһϸ̲ס
δ룬Ҫ֣
ҹδʦǸʿ۾һ
ǣҹδ۾û뿪ö롣
Ǹܹһɷҹʦ
ţ
ҹʦִ̹˹Ⱑ㿴¶֪ˡҪǲ֣ݶ
ҹδûд̹ϸع۲ö롣˵ʵǵһνӴô΢Сķоü֡
ǣȴ֪ټҲûеȵԼΪԼĹͷ̻Ƽ֡
öССķȴַơ
һǼٷ÷ٶȸ졣ڶܹ롣˥ûде˵ҪλҲ˲ϵ˥
ķ
ö˴Լʮ֮һҹδؿһ飬Ȼ뵽ռ䡣
̨ϣһö΢ͷ档
ҹδŶУܿͼ
һͼ޸ͼһͼǸͼ
ҹδ뽫ö̶ϣȻö΢СĿ̵ʼ޸ö롣
ʧܣ
ʧܣ
ʧܣ

ҹδռ˳Ǳ˳Ϊҹδֻ뵽ռ䣬һܵţ̱شռڳ
ļ򣬱ѯʵȥ
δ룬ҪΪѡж¾顣΢ͷ޸ˣˣ
Ǹʿɫѿͬһҹδ룺
ҹʦҵĽϣҵϣ𡭡һ̿ͣ
Ŀ⣬ҹδ඼һ顣


84 
ߣǰһҹδ뵲ˮвƷ˾ˣõ
Ǹʿɫ䣺ҿûв˭ֻҽһҵְҵ
ְҵʲôٵ𣿡һǵһμһ̿ôŵġǴ̿͵Ӧ𣿡
ǿӲǴ̿΢΢һüͷ
ԣ̿Ҫ͵صġ֮ˣǴҹδ̬Ͽϣҹδ벢ûʦǰ㣬һ;ܾˡԣҪһ¡ʲôطȻƷ˾ҲԸû޸룬ֵƷ˾Ͳһ̿Ӧ顣
ʵ̫Լķˡ
ͺȵ
Ǹ̿΢΢۾̾ϢһҪҹδҪԼö뿪
ִ£ԣʱҹδͻȻ
δ룡ɫһ䣬ͷǳҪ֣
ҹδ΢΢ҡҡͷ΢ͷ޸ǳȤҲǶԼһֶΪ˽ԼͷϵķƣѵõһζǰһǸ̿͵
ֻɰ޸롣һ飬޸ʧܣҰշļ۸⸶޸ˣ޸ļ۸Ҫʮ
Ǹ̿ԥˣһŪö룬Զʧȥö롣
ʮöɲһ׹ȱһö룬ܶήͲ١ͬĻҲȱٰö룬öһֱ޸˵Ļͳ׷ʲô
ҹδܹ޸Լָܹԭʵ
ֻǡɵİգԼҪҪðգ
ԥƬ̣ѾûѡĴ̿һҧͷɽ
ãҹδͷ˵˵ҳŪ룬Ҫ⸶ʯ
̿ͳĬƬ̣һƷʯ
ôȥŭ
ҹδڰ֣Ļ޸һö룬޸һǧƷʯ
ɽ̿͵ͷ
ǩЭ飡ҹδ
ܿ죬ǩЭ顣ҹδöԼ޸ȥܶ˶˺档̹Ҳ˺档˼š
ȻǩЭ飬ҹδ޸ʧܺѶһҲֱӾܾ޸ˡ
ûҹδܹ޸飬۶޸ˣҹδ޸
ʲôЦ
ҹδߵԼſڣͣ˽Ų԰
㣬ִ̿ͣ£˽ֹڡ
ҹʦ͹˰ɣҲֻ뿴
죡ͷض̹޸Ƿҽãţ
Źˣʣĸˡҹδڲ̨̧ͷһǸ̿͵
޸öĹУֹΪԭ򣬶޸ʧܣ㸺ȫ𡣡
Ǹ̿͵ͷһﲻ
ԶԶվţҲһ롣Ӱ쵽ҹδ롣ͬʱҲڴҹδ˽⣬û߳ϵİգҹδ벻֡˵ɣӦǱء
ô΢Сķ붼ܹ޸δѾ̶𣿡
һҹδ뽫̶ڲ̨ϵϣȻһν뵽ռڣʼ޸롣
ʧܣ
ʧܣ
ʧܣ

һδεʧܣȴɹԽԽһֱҹδ볢ԵʮΣҹδڳɹˡ
ɲģ޸һΡ
ɹ
Ȼֻͨ޸Ǹ޸ͨ޸Ҫ࣬޸Ҫ鷳٣Ҫķҹδľԣҹδϵطˡ
ռڳҹδоһԼģΪʵиаգϥϣ칤ָ
ľٶǸ̿Ͷһ㣬ҲǿҹδĲ㣬ҪԼ״̬
⡣
һСʱȥˣһûС̹粻
ôôã
Ӧúܿ޸ʧ
ѵ޸֮Уûг޸
ڣ
ҹδ۾վµϵķһ30ȵĽǶȣĽǶȣ𻵵Ĳָײ
ҹδһˢקһˢëˢëһˣע룬ˢëñֱ
պź֭ҹδַǳȣһ˿һ˿Ĩƽ𻵲֡ڼ䲻ʱת÷ת
Ĩƽϵ𻵲֣ͻ˽һӵʱ䡣
û˿õһʵ޸΢ͷҹδ룬ڷ˿ëˢ֮Ҳ³һʼԼָ
Ͼֻһ徳һ㣬ֱܹôȣ󲿷ֵĹͣľǿͬ˿һ㡣


85 
ͷ¶֪͡ҹδֻһ徳һ㣬Ƕô͵ľͿܹһ㣡
ֻһʼ⻹򵥵ģѵĲ޸
ʲô޸
Ǹ̿Ͷŵҹδ롣ͨĿ̵붼󣬸޸ܹ޸Ŀ̵ضΪ΢СǼΪ΢СĿ̵ȥգ
ҹδӱȡһϻӣϻӣ̽룬Ѿ΢ľƿǸֻĿ̵ϻ˳
̿ͺĿⶼȻһΪȻһӾͿ΢΢һ⣬ǸһΪϸСֻôСһ̵
Ҫþƿ̵޸
ɫΪ֮һ䡣
þƿôĿ̵Ҳܣȴûдﵽ΢ľ硣ûдﵽ΢ľ磬Ͳڵô΢СķƹУִ
ѵδľƿѾﵽ΢ĳ̶ȣ
ôһûУ̹һ˵˰ɣ
޸ķʦüԣǿڵҪǴûж
ǿ˵ã̹ǷЦǸ˸ղſ˵ˣǴ̿̿͡ɱ˶Ϣġ
оһݡ
԰
Ǹ˿Ǵ̿ͣʱ򣬲ҹδ񶼸ɱ˰ɣȻӴѾˣ
ʱ֣޸ķʦҲ۷׷ס
ҹδ뻹ǵӴ󰡣ôС΢ͷҲ޸
ҿǵӴˣͲ룬һ޸ʧܣƷ˾Ӱ죿
Ǳ߻³ЦǶã
ǻ̧ͷ𣿡
ᰡ
Ҫ簡Ǻǡ
ڡ
ʧˣֻмСĿ̵ڷϵ̵
ʱǸ̿Ǹӵصˡ֮ǰڴڿҹδ޸ôˣаӵʱ䣬ڼڴﵽ˶㡣
ԽڴԽǽš
޸ֲҿڡһ֮̿ͣ£Ȼûһ˿Աߡʱȫҹδ޸ַûзǸ̿ԼߣȻ͸оԼжͱͷһǸָ̿ͷͱԼʱͳһ亹
ҪǴ̿ɱԼԼⲻѾˣ
ɹǸ̿ͼæʳָ촽ǰһƣȻһ
޸ûгɣ
Ȼ󡭡
濴ˣҡҡͷ
̿ɫһϲָһ񣺡ȫ޸𣿡
һ񣺡ô֪
̿ٸһ񣺡ִ£㿴
һ񣺡ܿƾʲô㣿
̿͵񣺡ǿǺǡ
񣺡㶮ƨִ£һῴ
̿͵񣺡ǿǺǡ
񣺡
תͷӣֿʼۿҹδ޸Ǹ̿Ҳ˼غ񣬽ŵҲ΢滺ҲĿǸϡ
ԼһӶҹδſ̵ŻϻǸȡǸ̿ͺ񼸺ͬʱӵҹδߣ
ô
޺ˣҹδ뽫Ǹݸ˴̿ͣԣ
Ǹ̿ͽ룬ֻһ£϶ֳϲ֮ɫҹδϹ
ллҹʦ
ҹδ룬и̾ôһ
Ǹ̿ȡʣµ߸ڲ̨ϣĵЦݣ鷳ҹʦﻹö
Ƚö޸ѽˣҹδ뵭˵
ã
̿һĴȡһǧƷʯ˵ϡҹδ˵ض԰
һ£
֣
Ҳϲ̵˹һǧƷʯյ˷һǡ⻹һμôƷʯһǧƷʯ޸ٷ
ʦ̫ˣ
ҹδֽռ䣬Ϊڶö𻵵ĵط͵һö벻һѾɹ޸һöҹδ룬Ѿ˳ľ飬ռֻǷ޸˾ŴΣͳɹˡ
ʵ޸εٶҪ˺ܶ࣬һӵʱ䣬ͽڶö޸һǧƷʯ
̿Ǯ
ҹδи̾һ䣬ʼö
磬ҹδ뽫һö޸һǧƷʯһƷʯӼ޸ܹ׬öࡣ
ҹδиˣȥͰʯ磬翪ʼչһЩı
ˣǴ̿͸ˡ
ʮö룬ܹ׬ʯҹδлȻ˳ȥ
ৡ
ʮ˫۾Ǹ̿͵ϣǸ̿Ͷʱë̿뱻˹עġĬĬؼȺѸٵȥ


86 ¾㱸
̹ĿǸ̿͵ıӰջҲ˳æһ£ɲȥ񣬽Ŀ͵ſڵҹδ롣
ѵ䶯һ£ԼﾹȻЩҹδˡʱҹδУ·ɢŹ⻷
ã
ʱǱʶѾΪҹδ޸Щ룬ıǱʶоηֲģԼ˺ܾõһƻôƲˣ
ܣ
ôܣ
ҹδ룬㽫Ŀ˰ιҹʦ޸˷룿
ԼѧͽôԾܾһʦʻ
һҹδ룬Щᡣҹδ뽫Ŀ̹̹ǾһȻоѹҹδתͷŷȥ
ǳշʵԴ룬û޸Ǹ̿ͻô뿪𣿡ҹδ
ţ
ҹʦҪ޸
Ҳǣ
Ҳǣ

һȺʿ𻵵ķҪ塣
ⲻǷϻ
΢͵ķ붼ܹ޸⼼ܸܵģ˭ķԼı
Ҫ޸ķʦ
̹ʱһľȣȻѾ׼ҹδ޸Щ룬лǲãˣ
˽ҹδ룬Ȼ㴫ҹδ޸˷ڣǾ˽֮ȴ֪ȫô¶
ҹδͲֻǾ߱ߵķ츳޸ڵľųɾŹԶʦɵģҹδֻƾȻֱ޸˼ط
ֱҹδķʦˣķʦҪ˽ҪַַҪջ۵ġҹδȴ޸˼Ϊѵķ룬ǸһǱ
ֻһ磬޸˰ö΢ͷ롣
Լʮķʦ

˵һ޸ö룬һöҲ޸ˡ
ҹδſʼѧϰʱɣ
ҲֻǸոտͨΪƷʦôܾ޸΢ͷ룿
ô޸ģ
Լܹۿ޸ģѧϰһ¡
ѧϰ޸˼·Լķһаҹδ뾹ȻûԼۿ
̫ɺˣ
ֱǿɶ
̹ݺݵսȭͷʱ֪Լʲô顣
ںҹδ޸΢ͷ룬ļƻȥ·˫ǳ⡣Ǻҹδ벻Լȥۿ޸ԼһѧϰĻᡣ
ηʦԱߵһһķҽ÷ʦҹʦ޸΢ͷô
ô
̹ŭ緢
ôġſûлᣡ
̹ҧ˺֪Լļƻĳʧˣ·˫ԼϲѶȥ
µļƻȥᱻ·˫
ʱĶŶӣʲôʦǸ𣿡
ǣŶӣŶӣһʿʵʵϻЦŶӡ

̹ˣ
һССѧͽôˣ
ǿЩؾصʿ̹;жµûţתͷȥţ
ССѧͽţƣ
ҹδæ

ڽһµʱǳæˡ
γɲΪ㴫޸ڡǸûжš޸΢ͷô˿ˣҳɷָӡ
ʿзʦܶ඼ǿֵģһȥȻˡˣҹδ޸˾Ͷˡܶ˶Ǳķʦңҹδ롣
һҹδѾˣֵ˿˷ʦʸӡҹδȻҪȥƷʦ
ʱ䣬ʮƷҹδһˣǰƷʦĻ¡
ֹ죬æµһҹδİ칫ҡ
ܴˣҪ٣
ԣ񵱼ͷһҲۻˣЩʿ޸ǺǡϢɡ
ǣҹδҡͷҪ볤٣
٣Ϊʲôȡ
Ҳ֪ҸҵһЩЩ˲Ҳȫ˷׼һ£ܲ޸ҵĸ
ҹδԣ񵱼Ǵ£δ룬ͻȥɡʲôʱٻ
лܴˣ
ҹδȥһ·ϵɫ粻
ڽѹСҲ˵ԳԸıˡ
ǣ̫Ĳȷԡ
ȣռ便ܲĨȥͷϵķƣ
ܣһж̸
ΣռܹĨȥͷϵķƣԼĹͷһеķƶʧԼʲô̶ȣ
᲻ֱӾˣ
ˣҲһжˡ
ûҲ㣬ôԼֵܷ޸ƣ
Լܼ֣Լܲܿڹͷ¿̻ƣ
ģһ¿̻˷ƣԼõ
ЩһֱһֱؼҳԷڴҲŲ


87 ƿ֪
δ룬ôˣеʵʲô¶
˳٣
Ϊʲôֳ֮ɫ𣿹ֲЩչһЩҩġ
ҹδ뷭һۣտʼԼչҩģǺ֪ˣûʲô¶ˡ·Ұܿûܶ󡭡

Ƿǳҩģʯ򲻵ҩġ
ǣҹδҡͷҲǲȫ˷űչһʱ䣬ܲ޸ĸ
Сؿҹδ룺Σգ
֪ҹδҡͷ
ôΣգˣ˰
ҵ״һһһЩı䡣磬ͱˣһİա
Ĭˣ֪ҹδڸգ˵ܹ΢ıҹδˣֻдž䣬žѾȥˡ
ҡ
ҹδڰֹסͲҪˣѾŵʦͳʦˣʱǻҵӡ
ǡҿʱȥɣҹδԥּˣʦͳӶȥҲȥ
ܣҹδεͷաֻǴҶû˳Է顣
֮ҹδصԼԺ䡣ʦͳʦ˽ҹδ
Ҫǣһû׼áҿʼʱ򣬻֪ͨǡ
ǣʦͳʦ˳ȥ
ҹδ뵽ռ䣬̨ϰڷĹҹδ뿪ʼ񵶣ռķƣʼڹϵ
ռķ̫ˣҹδǳβٿ񵶣ŵһʧˡ
Ҳ٣ʧ˾ռڵʱҲǾֹġԷ飬ֱľĸɾȻ˳ռ칤ָָ֮󣬱ռ顣
һֽ¹ȥҹδռڵɶȴﵽ֮ǾоѸͣﵽһޣƾҲһ˿֪Լﵽһƿȴ֪ƿζʲôԼӦô
ԼľѸͣûʲô֡ÿռڵ̷ƣὫĵ£Ȼ칤һҪ칤ʮδΡ˶һһΣ൱ڱʮλ᲻ͻͽ
տʼҲ֣Щ
֪һֻܹһΣܹεĶ콾һˣʶܲˣͬʿһˣ˾һ㣬ʦҲʶǣԼʶȴû˿𻵡
벻ֻͨƵռϣҲֻܹ˵ͨӦռȶʶʶһʮδεУû˿𻵡
ˣܹôشﵽƿҲûʲôˡ
ǣҪƿ⡣
ԣڱչ˽µʱ䣬ҹδڳˡ
ѾˣȥƷ˾ҵƿİ취֮ҲһЩƷʦ鼮⼸ϰһ£ȻƷʦ
кһ°껣ʩʩȻ뿪˸ۡû˴տʼʱҹδʮֽšǽ¹ȥҹδһҹδ룬ҹδǣԼ׼С
Ȼ׼УǾûΣඣͲٽˡÿȥʣµʱ䶼ҲŪ˲ԴﵽһĲˡ
һо󷨣һ¶㲻ˡ
Ʒ˾ҹδ㿪ʼϡһ֮Լƿʲôˡ
ԭľﵽ˷ʦһ۷塣
˵ľͷʦȼǹҹġҲ˵ֻһƷʦӦôﵽһ۷塣еһƷʦûдﵽȻҲвһƷķʦȴﵽ˾һҹδһƷʦѾﵽһģ˵ʷûУֽ񵱴ûС
ҹδԼ֡
Լľԭǿÿɶ²ɣռڵ̣ľ⣬һֱ칤Ҫǲǰܶﵽһ֡
һƿܼ򵥣Ҫʶڹһŷ

Ϊʲô
ﶼԵģΪľˮⰵʱͿռʮһ֡
ͻƵһҪȷһʦԼԣͨ£ÿʦѡһԣΪԼı
һҪΪһȷˣԺʦֻܹԷչȥԣųЧ
ȻҲŻѡ˫ԣԡʷȿĴʦҲֻѡԣԼı


88 ·;
Ϊʲôųɾŵķʦѡԣ
Ϊÿѡһԣ乹ѶȱʮԺѶҲͬڽУͻƱüΪѡ
׳־ķʦѡĶԣǽȴ˶
ܶ츳ķʦѡĵΪ֮󣬾綼ԽȴΪٳٲͻƣԪԪľ
ԣԽԽķʦԼѡһԵı
ҹδأ
ҹδûи߿ԼԼһҲӳ˽С΢ϰߡ
ԣȻѡ˵ԡ
ûпǶԵ⣬ǵԼѡʲôԣ
ˮ
ѡˮԣ
ѡˮеĺֱˣ
ˮϵıҲк֣̺ܶ޾зӱȵȡ
ҹδȻûԴѡһ˫Եıڶԣ붼ûȥ롣Ҳ룬ѡԱʱҲѡһġ
ԼȻʺ˫ԱԼ츳һıӦû⡣⣬ӦҲԣѡһˮϵ

ؼѡһƷͼ䣬źͰ껷˼
ûȥоǸҲûмоڹͷϿ̻ǻ˼ʱ䣬ϵռѧϰƷȻȥƷ˾ˣ˳ͨ˿ˣΪһƷʦ
ҹδͨȫûе¶ռ䣬ͨƷƷʦˣǲЦ
ǣȴ֪Ʒ˾һ䶯
ʵҹδ׵̫ˣһʱ䣬ʹһǷʦһ·ƷƷʦ
䶯ĲƷƷʦƷƷʦĲʲôرڴĸǣƷƷʦڵͶ˷ʦ䶯ҹδٶȡ
ʧ£Ѿҹδ룬һγΪ۵ġ
ҹδȫ֪ȫġص˼һαչأαչرΪʶڹ
ûΣգ
У
һǳľι
ʶڳȡȻþ֯ȡľԭʶⱾһģȻѹƣּ֯ľһʦľǲģҪڹʱ򣬷ʳҩ
ҩǲ񵤡
ǲʮְ󣬾ʦǹġܹһ˵УųҲֻܹһţһδع
Ȼ㹹һ򵥵ģͲεıǿԳɹġǣ򵥵ģͲεıҲζδޣʵޡκһʿԽܵԱĲܽһ򵥵ģͲεıԼΪһһڵײķʦ
˭û룿
˭ΪʶǸˣ
ˣŷʦʧܡ
ʧܵĺʲô
صʶˣһӶָܻٱ빹ˣһӾͿ˵һŬһƷʦļޡ
ʶˣǿָģҪָʼ̶ǲˡڶιʱ򣬾ͻܵӰ졣ҳɹʴΪ͡Ҳ˵ÿʧһΣʶָܹɹʶ½һ̶ȡ
ܶʧܵʿ󲻵òѡһͲεı羵ˮ£һھһܺʹȣ
ԣÿķʦҪľУ΢ԼȻòǲܺøԶ³Ϊҵ
Σڿʼ֮ǰҪģ⡣
ʶģǲܵģһʼǾĹΪȣÿʿڹ֮ǰѴʱ;ڷֽϻȻʶģ⣬ҲʦһḶ́ڱ˽͸
ǣ÷ʻþ֯Ͼ£رľ롣ȻҲһЧЧޡֻû취ǰ£ֻ޵һЧÿʦҲ
һЧͶһ㱣ϡ
ҹδǸˣ׬ǵʯҩˡҲ˵ûʯȥ񵤣ȫƾԼʶڵľ
ҹδ뻹ѡһˮϵģԤʱôѣôľ
ֱ׼߿Ű˿Ų񵤣붼롣
ҹδ֮ѡΪռ䡣
Ͻı񵤣Ҳܹɹġϡ
ʲôϣ
ڹʱ̫˷Ѿˣʶڴľ͹á
ǣôܣ


89 
ڷֽϲʲô̶ȣʶڹʱǵһΡ
ʲôֻҪǵһΣôû˷ѣ
Ӥһγ̵ʱ򣬻أ
ȡѹʱ򣬻᲻˷ѣ
֯ʱ򣬻᲻˷ѣ
Ǳضģ
ΪȡѹС󣬶˷ѡΪ֯͹Ĳض˷ѡڱ֯͹ĹУƫҪҪ˷ѡ
һʮָӣһ˿˿֯ɣÿ֯һ˿Ҫ˷һһ˷ѵˣǷʦʧڡ
ҹδһûʯ񵤡ѡһˮϵѵı
ƾʲô
ƾռ䣡
ֻҹδлûаգȷռǲܹģ⹹ʶڹһģһģ⣿
УֻǺ֮ǰһģ⣬ҪͣˡƣȻ׬Ǯ㹻Ĳ񵤣ٹ
ԣҹδص֮󣬱Լֱչˡ
ûе£һƲƲ졣ǿڵ
㶼չˣ˸ƷƷʦʲôʱҸ¾֣
ȫԼչز¶ˣҹδ˹죬ŵŵɵܽԼĵ߽
صԼķ䣬Щƽ㲢֪ԼҪԼһֱûпʼƣû˿仯Ҳ˲Լչص¶
ţҲȤЦ
ҡҡͷȡؼʼģһĴȻÿҳʼֽ⽲⣬￪ʼ֯ڼҪעʲôʲôѣȵȵȵȡ
ҹδڷ㲻о죬ͶѾͽʱ䣬ҹδϽоһͨ͸
ֻϣھҪʼʵռʵ
ҹδ뽫鼮˱ȫͼһҳǴͼ뵽ռ䣬Ĳ̨ϣǷͼȻռ񷶥һ⣬ɨ֮󣬰гһ֮ı
ҹδûȥǸ֮ıڼ˽ǣԼܷʶģ⹹
ҹδͷһԼһռ仹棬ȻܹԼʵȫһ
ȴ֪ԲԼԼأ
ռϥ£ҹδ뿪ʼ̽Լʶ

ԼʶҺʵԼȫͬǾĴ;ȶȫһ¡
ԣ
ҹδͻȻԼռڿ̻ʱ򣬵ԼĸɾʱʵԼҲĸɾ
˵ԼľԼͶӰĶ٣ռͻԼʵʶڳȡ١
ҹδҡҡͷĿǰΪֹռ˽ûҲԼΪ˽⡣
˵ԼԹһֶռ˽
ƽԼľҹδ뿪ʼȡ΢΢һüͷֻǳȡоԼ˷˲پʵǵһγȡܲ
һȡȻѹһ˿ߣ˷˲پʼ֯
Ȼʧˣ
ûй֮һʧˣ
ҹδһ£ʵʶڹʱԼʶѾشˣԺڽһԶͣ˵һˡ
˳ռ䣬칤ָ˾֮ҹδû̽뵽ռ䣬˼Լļƻ
Ӻ뵽ռ䣬ν뵽ռڣֻһ£ǲͣسȡѹһδθḶ̌һδμģҪÿһ迪ʼ˷һ˿һľ
ھĲٿԭѾ뵽΢ľ磬ֻԳȡѹϤ΢Ҳ־磬ҲǸոŶѡ
ԣһδεĳԣÿξĸɾ֮󣬱칤ָ˾֮󣬱ٴν뵽ռڳȡѹ
ÿռڽʮεĳȡѹ˷ѵľѸٵСƿؾ΢ľżɿ
ҹδľٿشﵽСɾ磬ȡѹҲﵽĳ̶ȡ
νɣ΢ľȻûдﵽԲǷϵ̰塣
ҹδ㿪ʼоǸĴ
Ȼܹռģ⣬ҹδȻҪģõģȻõĴ
һ
ԸĴоѾ˽ҹδ룬ʼռڱ֯
Ƿ˽͸ҹδҲںƷƷʦˮƽҲ޷˽ͷģ֯ˡռڣҲʧܡ


90 ϽͲ

Ҷȡ
ʫʫſڴ̨ϣһֻ°ͣں߲ݵž䣬ü֮һǳ
ʦֻûлʦҲɳȥִˡҶȾʣոŵСʦܡ
ţ
СʦܣȻҴ
ǡ
Сʦʡ
Ҳʵ⣬õĴк͵̫ԶΪܵ͡Сʦ̫ܽˣⶼһˣոս뵽磬һʱ䣬ﲻԪľ硣
ʦڣͲȱԴųԴҲСʦܻܹǿﵽԪ
ڡ

СʦջҪϳ
Ǹ٣ǷˡʦڵĻ

ϥں߲ݵϵž仺ͻһѾͨ˷һѨϣǵһٶô죬ⲻпǬһԼ֮ǬһĻھﵽʲô̶Ȳ˵ǾԪˡ
ôԼʻǲģǹԼ

˻
һƴ񽣷ɽ˷ҶȣڷҶȵϿ
ʫʫ̧ͷһǱѶɽ۾һѵǴʦ֣ǶʦѶˣ
һУǱ񽣱Уʶ̽ȥȻһ˦֣ǱźԱߵž˹ȥ
䣬ġ
ž
žסǱ񽣣ɫȴǴ㵣Լ֮Ϊܹڵÿ춼ǳƴûʶˣ˭ԼѶ
ʶ̽뵽ڣɫһ䣬˲ָɫѶֻһ仰ˣɽŵȺ򡣡
һվ
ʦ㣬Ҽɽŵңҳȥһˡ
ʫʫſڴذڰ֣žɽȡ
ɽš
ɽŵʿž䣬ǲʶֻߵţԵѰïĵž䣬ǱҶȴ˷Ѷش˾žɣ
žżλʿֵλʦ֣ž䡣
Ϊ׵һʿͷָ֮ǸǸġ
лλʦ֣
žӴȡƣУ㴩󷨣ǸǰǸž䣬۾һϲ
磡
žͷ߰ɣҸط
õģ磡
Ǹʮֹɣžɽȥ
ٲ
ˮ뵣޴ٲ¡¡֮ɽˮһ㣬ʪվٲԶžǸž为ֶɫУ೤ĺû˿šļǷӣһ˫üһʾĲͺ
ߣ
Ȼһߣ͵ավž䱳Ǹ¶ŭĻ棬žıӰʱ챻ˡ
һƿƵĹūţȻԼǰݣһ·϶ԼԼ㱳ԼһٲģСѵ֪ԼʥŮ
ֻһѣ˵硣ȫٿʥŮС
ȴûйľ
Լز죬֪ʲôطأֻøžߣڰϣԼͷˣ
ŭԽԽʢҶԱƿƵžû˿˼ɣҪúýѵѵž䣬֮һӶľ
ž䲢ûлͷǵؿڵģ
ǰվžĲ档žϳأ
ϳɣžֳ죺һΪʲôңϳɡɽ£ҷֿ»ҡԴҽһҲûҹҡ
۾۷еͬߣͯأ
ͯ棿ͯҲˣžӵز죡
Ĳ֪
֪ʲô
ϳɺͯ涼ˣ
ˣʲôط
ɽ¡
ž͵͵һΪϳɺͯûЩǸԸɾԭթԼбֳһ˿Ծ
ȥҲ֪ûзǺҵϵ
ˣǸʱȴԥˣʵĥϳɺͯžûйϵ
ϳɺͯ϶ˣȻһֱûҵʬ塣
ˣ
Ȳϳɺͯ棬Ƚѵž䡣ԺžԼ𣬱Ҫľ
ʥŮɵôˣ
ûнչžʵҡͷ
ûнչҵ˷쭵ɡȵ
£
žĿһɫһǸŭ˦һž˹ȥ
£û𣿡


91 ˭˭ǲ
̤
žһ̤أαˣͬʱһ֣һŷ˳ȥ
֮ľ̫ˡ
οǸû뵽žһ֣Ϊɱžߣžôң
䡭
ŷˣľͷһ㵹˳ȥͨһˤڵϡ
飡
žѾ˹ϥֱѹǸǰǸʹúһžһֻǸĲϣҲȻû뵽ԷΪôǿСʦ͸һŻķȻûŪԷ
Ŀѣ벻ͨžôɱ
ѵ֪ɱҲûã
ž˽ƣʥŮ֪žɱʥŮҪŪž׶١
ѵž䲻Ҫˣ
һһž䵥ϥǸϡǸɫʼò԰ס
žʱѾƽȻԷûҲˣвԼԼܹʱҪ˶ԷŶԷеľͲĿ⣬žŶԷӵ΢΢ɿһߡ

³һڱؿڵֻԭָӣţƿصĿⲻˡž˫п˸ӣźƿһеĿ⡣
ڵҵУòҪôƺ
ǸɫҲƽžо衣һ֣Ǹɫٶȱʹ࣬ŷһ˿ԴǸꡣ
ǸûΪҲҪ֪žΪʲôɱ
ơ
ֲžЦԻΪʲôɱ㣬Բԣ
ƵĿһӱˣÿǳ֪žΪʲôɱʵ벻κɡžѾڵĽơ
ǲܣ
ûɱ㣡ž俪ڵ
һֳȻ˵Ŀ⡣
ǣɱҲûʲôžֿڵ֪㲻ţҵ˽ƣɱ㣬ҪŪң練ơ
ֳѯʣ

вĵط
ɱˣΪԾȡžɱɱ
ž䵱ȻʥŮ񣬶ʵʵ½ƣ֤һϧˣȴôֲˣ
ʵԭܼ򵥣žƽ˵Ʊ䣬ֻҪΪѰű䣬ʲô£
ž侲Ϊʲô˵ԭûɱ㣬ΪûбҪģҵŽƣ˺Һ֮ĽףȻŬΪѰű䡣
ˣʲôҪɱ㣿
ǣҷ˵Ļ𣿡
žڵϵƣͬһ㣺ҺֻһסҸѰҵƱ䣬ʱȥڵĽơ
ԣ˫ƽȵġҲǵūͣǵĹ
Ȼûɱ˼ȴһūԴңҪҵĶ⡣ɱ㣬Ҳûʲôʧ
ΪƱ䣬ҲΣ
˵ûôҪ
ɱ㣬ǲɱ㣬ֻǿˡ
˶ӵĿͻȻһ䣬ĿѸٵؽһ£žٶȿڵ
Ѿ˵ˣϣף
ǣ
žƲӵһԴһᣬѪûϢ
žžž
һž侪ŵشƵʬתͷȥһһʯת˳һŰһž䡣
žȷԼʶԷ
ڵԭҲûʶˣ
ʶңǸߵžǰ΢Цž䣺ʶңӦʶʦְɣ
žɫһ䣺͵ʲôϵ
ȻʦඣǸͬèϷһЦž䣺ʦҼŷҶȣ뿪ȴû뵽ĴܡϽϸǺǡ
ҶȳϽϸʦ֪һǳˡ
Ǹʱ򣬲ʫʫʫʫʦֶᱻץïһڵˣ
žˮСʦᱻ衣
ΪǸʱСʦѾǵӣǵͽܵԼǣĵͽҪԸԸ
žս˫ȭ
ôɱңЦһ㻹з𣿼Уз֮£Ҳ˲ҷֺ
ڿЦͻȻҽһˤڵϣ鴤
飡
ž̧ţһŲǸദһ죬ǰذȥ
ۡ
һѪһȣ͸ˣ
žžתƣǽ䱸
ȴ΢΢ҡҡͷֳһ˿Цʲôڴ򲻹㣬ҼǷŹҲ˲㣬нơ


92 
žһתͷǸٵʦȥһƳ棬Ʒ˹ȥȻ֪ԼнƣԷùѾž仹һëȻ
Ͻʿ̫ˣ
´ҪɱϽʿһҪɾ䣬˿ʱͻᡣ
žץǸٵʦܣһףǾʬӵٲУȻȥ˳ٲܿʧ
¡¡
ٲһʯϣžƲѾ˵ҩɫڻָΡ
ͯϳĲɱģ
ǣҵʵɱ𣿡
ɱˣ
žʼ磬˫һ̯
ͯϳɲˡ
ǲ£
һμϳʲôʱ򣿡
ҽ˵ûгϳҲûҹҡҵһγ㲻֪䣬ΪڵΡҾͿʮˣʮ֮ǰͻƵԪͻᱻϳ
Ҳ֪ҪƱϢұΪһҪÿ죬ڵȵ𣬵λõлᡣ
أ
ҿԿ϶δʱڣ޷ͻƵԪ
ʣϵԴʮ֮ǰͻԪӦûɣ
ôû⣿ˡïˣӾǳáҲˣ˼ӷҶȡ
žĽҲüͷ
ƣȥ˵ҪҰæҲðҵæҪԴܹҿͻƵԴ
ڸңҪǸ
ƵͷȻڻȷž便ɱûɱϳɺͯ棬ž˵öԣֻҪϽҪƱţẓ̌ƹȲžΡƹȲҪƱˡ
ҪƱ䣬ƹȾͱžһ֧֣ž䱻׺̭ˣͳʧȥ˻ᡣ
һϸףƿžס
ԣ
ǽףѾΪǽˣǽž䵱ūͣһ
Ϊаž䵱ūͣһžҲϥ෴ǣž䣬žҺƴ
׾ͽװɣ
ɽ֮ǰһסȻ˽ףǺǡ
ֻҪžףΪȥŬƹ֧Դû⡣һͨԴ١
ҪžΪΪͻƵԪܹڵԽͻԽãԽڵȵԽãܹԽӴϲܣܹԽƱ䡣
УƵͷһὫ㱨ʥŮʥŮҲ֧㡣㲻ҪŪƹȣƹȶԸ˵ǶԸȫû⡣
žҡҡͷ㲻вңҵŽƣӹƣĸһͷ顣
ȥ˵Դ
ãɫ棬žž䣬Ҳ鵽ϳɺͯйأҲ֪ƹȵֶΡǸʱ򣬼ܡ
ףžͷϳɺͯû޹أҵʵҲŪǡǾȥ顣ھ뾡ΪȻɽףڵĽƣԺҺƹ޹ϸ𡣡
û⣬ƹԱУбعֻҪõƱ䣬Ǳضȥƹȡ
аɣžվҲܳʱ̫ãոŪ˵һӣҵûȥˡϣܹټ㣬ܸҴԴ
䣬žȥ
žȥıӰһâ˸
ϳɺͯ治žŪģҲ̫ѿˡʧȥƵˣôܹƹȷģ
ôܹ֤ĻΪƹѰҶʧƱ䣿
ʥŮ˵öԣ½Ʋץסãܹġ
ץסǸðյõǲݵá
ֻǡž˭
ʲôط
˳˼ãҡͷ̾һȥ
žصţ߽Ҷȣʦ㻹°ſڴ̨ϣž߽ž֡žʫʫǰվڴ⣺
ʦ㣡
˭ˣ
ϼҵѣߣ˳ҡ
ʫʫڰ֣Ŀû˽ࡣž̾Ϣһ֪ʦΪʲôû顣
ʦԭʫʫʧȥһɽȻλʦֱߣԭڷҶСܳ谮ʦ㣬ȴ˷ҶҪˡһپôţ
ϧڵԼûʦ㣡


93 
ɣص˺ϣžĿüᶨϣƹܹԴԼ
ƻʱ֡
žںǬǴӵõһ׵Ҫ֮ǰѧĵǿٱȻҲ°ٱ
յԣ׵ǵɽʲôʿܹѧ
ȻΪͣ͵ʿѧҲǵΪǬǿġ
ԣ
ǵǵ
ΪپǿˣܹǬͨ
뵱Ŀɽ棬ƾǬͨ춨˵ķη塣
žڻڵ׶Σ׶ζûȫ򡣵ɣÿϡ
ಡ
һӰӷҶȹȿ˲ӶžһĻ˹
ž䷴һ
Ǭת
飡
Ǹ˵ͬƹ϶޼Ѱһž䳤ĵϡžоһɴϮеĳֶɡ
ž
ֻδӡžǰϡž͵˳ȥһˤ˺ˮС
٣ҪʲôһȣʫʫδӴ罣һŵٴ˹ȥ
ٳָ֣̽һ

ʫʫĳһžӺˮԾ˳ʫʫǰǻѪüȵ
٣Υڹ𣿡
ŭž䣬гűɱ˵أ
žɫһ㣺˭
΢΢۾оž䲻٣Ĳʶ
ѵûк棿
ԣ
˼棬˵Լ֣Ҳ֪
ʫʫ˫͸⣺ˣ˺ǷҶʲôϵ
ʫʫɫһ䣺ӷҶȣʦܳȥȥˣ
ûдʫʫʱ˳˼
ԼļˣӦòž䡣žΪҲž䣬
ǡ˭
ԣ
žǸˣҲǸʵܸߣžɱ
ž䣬ʲôˣʵ
йϵ𣿡
ȻйϵٿһʫʫֽĿžϣҲ¸ȷʵɹġôңڲˣûйϵ
ȻҲ˵ҶȣҲϡ
ڸң˭
ȻȥѾˣȥôȥĵط
һ𣿡ž䵭˵֮ĹϵƺѺá
ȻѺãԾܾңǵܾ֮λʦ־³
ʦֳʲô¶ʲôʫʫˡ
ǳûҲ֪ٷһ۵ҵ˼ǣž䲻˵ȥһһ뿪񡣡
˵Ŀӵ䣺Сӣ뿪˵һְ취ĥ㣬Ҳܹ׵Ҫ
²£
žüëһϷʡ
žɫвǵٻ治˽ž䡣˵žԸԭͺھ͸ںˡ
ڵһƣʱضȴвǺǡ
٣ҲвңҾɾǡЩģҲšžһ¹䣬ģҲںǺûйϵģҲԴϵ
ǸʲôҸʶҲûм
Ծڴˡ
Ҫһȥ֤ҵס
ǲܣ
ž仹ûбǸز
Ҫҵߣ
̤ҵϣ룡
ʫʫĿʣСʦȻ΢ȴк֮־
ã
ҵСʦܣ
΢΢۾ܹžɫžġвûЧ
Ҷȵ˶éĳʯͷ
Σָ˵ž䣺ž䣬ҵйص֤ݣã
䣬ٱʧڷҶȵĹȿڡ
ʦܣǸĺûйϵʫʫĵž䡣
žЦʦ㣬ȻҲ֪ǸʲôΪܹӷҶȣʦ㷢֣ΪӦñǿɣ
Ҳǣɱɱ㻹ࡣ´㣬ȥ
ãžֵûôţ
ʫʫͷûʲô飬Լķȥž仺³һʱӦȥˣƹȵҲʱӦȥˣһֱһɣһɵĸо
Ҳֻһ


94 
žͷһʫʫʱʫʫߵԼݵſڡظ֪žĿ⣬ͷž䣬΢΢һЦȻ˽ȥžתͷɫֱȻ
ʦ¶ҲǸ鷳
̧ͷҶȹȿڣѾû˵ٵӰžĿ
ܹ鷳»ᲨԼϡҲΪԭ򣬷ҶȵԴŻȱ
ƻصƹȴԼҪµʱɣҲ֪ܷù诣
Ժлط诵Ӱͻľһ˫ǻ۵˫·ܹ͸һС
΢΢ҡҡͷҪ²ףֻҪҲ֤ݣҪԼҲֻܹΪԼṩԴϣܹԴ͹
΢΢۾读᲻᲻ţң
ɽڡ
ٵӰ֣ɽʿǰ˼䣬Ȼ߳ɽšǸʿе֪Ƶĳ࣬Ȼžɫ棬ǲž䣬ҪԵһ
ûͻȻˣˣʬ
ں飬ܹץžİѱҲץ˷ҶȵİѱҲץʫʫİѱ
ɽ
һŹһȳһյɽּ䡣ͷϻһôҶ֦֯ñӣסϰݡ
ƺˣֱ̧۲˲̧ͷɽϵķȻͿ˵ͻȻǸʯǰĿɨӡ
˼æͷ·Ϣֻ΢΢¶һĨݱ·
ңԱѩ̡
ʮǰһż̽Уï˳ͻïϥһ¿ϣϥһ֫·һȳһա
ʮǰïУߡʮų޵ÿտޣ˻ԵΪͻƵնɱïԼĴ
ǣУδ
Ļ˵ֻɱïһô
ҪɱïȫҲܹͷ֮ޣ
ïûмˣ
ûм˲Ҫǻе
ʱʦ͸ûʲô𣬵ӺͶҲûʲôͬҪɱïеĵӣܹͷ֮ޡ
ע⵽˹Ҷ䶯˶Ȼת£ŴִǱУһֻʴӣ·ȫûзֵ乭ವһֻӣȻ˸߲ҵֻȥȽֲʹͨһˤ˵ϡ
üͷǸ֫ҡҡͷһˣǲܸṩʲôġ
Ҷȡ
žתźߣ˵ڵϵĳãĵӳݡ
óͻȻһ٣һ˫Ŀֳǡ
诱ضҲɣûлɣҲض뷽跨ңĸԸΪ¡
Ѿ뵽δ룬ԲŪϳͯ档ƹӦò֪ҵþδ롣
ǡ
ҹӥСڽϻеģֻҪƹȥҵ־ܹҹӥСӣٴҹӥСӴɽϱ䵱УӶδ롣
Уҵһ뿪һˣȥδ롣δڴݣֻҪСһЩӦòᱻܡ

ĸۡŵƽʡ
ҹδգܶΪҹδء
дˣ԰ˣˣƷ˾޸һЩҲˡ
ҹδǳˣʮˡ
ķǳˣҪûлռ䣬½ʮգ֪ܹ죿
˵ûлʮգͷѾˣ
˵ǣѾռڣȫģűռĴ÷Ԫ񵤣ӳȡѹٵ֯Ȼ˵һû˷ѣȴܹȫƾԼľ棬ع
׼չգ״̬ϾͿʼĹ
֣һֱҹʱֲŷ׷ɢȥ
ҹδɵѾ˷ƽһߣŵ߽ȥȴѾڴУһܣû֮
ҹδһ۽ֵøΡһ˫ǳĿⲻʱҹδ롣
δ룡ҹδһֱεؿڣⶼˣ˵Լչأ˵ԼҪȫĸɶҲûɰ
ŶŶҹδŶû˶
ѧϰôˣЩ򡣡
ͺãҹδ˳ҲЩСģԼԼ˺ѣֻҪͻƣġ
ǲĸ죬ŨһССıϣĺѡѣȡˡ
Ƿ
ѾΪһϵԶ


95 
ҶԸĽǱ¾һЩ뷨⼸볢һµ󷨡
ÿ󷨵ӣ
ԣ
֮ǰϵûиı䣿
Ҫı𣿡
ҹδ벻ˣЩûʲôϵ㻹ҲҪԼ걾˵˼άֳ˶ԴķģСԼĥŰɡ
ҹδ벻˵ˣҲҹδĺ棬ҹδУԴ滹ϵһβŲһ˦һ˦ġ
㲻ʧЦ⻹һഺŮӰҸոսӴûжãһһԽʦˣ
δ룬ʲôʱأ
仰㶼Цδıչػ⣬춼εҲûзʲô仯Ǳյʲôأ
ŶչأҹδӦţŲͣ
͡Цֱչء
Ȼּæ죬˺ҹδСģǷҹδûģ
ϵɫЩΣѾͷҲ̫ҵ˰ɣ
Լ
һƷʦҲӢеİɣ
ôӡ

ˣ
ĬεĳĬֻ˵ĽŲһӯһء
ϢһϣͿʼ˱ͿԿʼʶһһˣ
ףôԼղźԼ˵ʲôţղŻЦˡ
Цʲô
ϵģ
񾭲
ôң
ܿһִۣʱѾߵ߽ˣٸȥҹδסĵ߽ˣ˼ӣ
¶ˣûע⣬

ҹδıʧ˵ıӰ㲻ʧЦҡҡͷʱЩǧӾǸҹδˡ
ôһСܹԼʲô
Լʧķˣ
ǣ
վǰ΢΢üͷѾ˾Լ˷ʱˣһ󣬻ǻؾǰɡˮƽҪȴ߳ܶࡣ
ա
㰴ƹƹҵشһ͵ʱ򣬺ҹδ˵ԼȻؾһˡû˵һȥͲˣĻҹδ϶ס͸ҹδȥʲô
ֲôһլӣ
ǣһֱȵдֳ꣬緹ҹδȴһֱûг֡

ıչ˰ɣ
ȥ
Ȼ뵽߽ҹδſڣѾߣѾߵĿе֪ҹδıչˡ
ԭҹδ賿ʱ򣬸оԼ״̬ѣʱ⣬ȻоԼʱˣҹδҲͲ緹ˣֱӿʼ
Ȼ뿪ˡҲǴҴȥ˾Ӫ˼٣ܻҹδš
һˣ԰ˡ
ҹδֺشչأڱչˣ½½ˡ
ڡ
ҹδĿϥʱѾû˽֮ɫ
賿ʱ֣տʼȡʱ򣬻ЩšϾ֮ǰռڶ⣬ԷʧܡĹһʧܣԼʶ˵ġ
ǣӺҹδͽʧ˽š
ʵռڶģ˼ǧˣͬˮȻˮˡÿһƾ˳ĳȡ˳ѹ˷Ѽ٣ȫԺԲơ
Ȼǿʼ֯
ʱ͸濴ܹϥڴϵҹδġҹδɫһ΢¡
ֵȴУʱ硣ΪˣȻҪд͡ǻص˵Էʱ԰
δû°ɣ
û£ͷҸո͸쿴ˣδɫáǣҿģ޸
԰ʹɫһҹδϾŮЩҲͨȥЩҲֻԣʱԣʵ
ʲô״̬
һֱϥڴϣ۾
ϸ˵˵
һֱţ۾ûжĶ
԰
԰룬ͻȻͷһϸڵվŵ߽ӶȥŵҲ׷׽
԰ʱҲ˲˵ˣҹδһֱûٶҹδĴǰſ˴ǰ￴˸վں԰
԰һſſһӣſš
У㣬껵˵ɫؽ̲סǰ԰԰ļѹ
˾㶼ſôãʲôûУ
԰ɫһڣʲôſôã
ʱҲû뿪˴˻Ŵе
ٸҿδƣи֪Ϣоڹ


96 
ʲôɫ䣺ôܣŶôܴﵽһԲ
˵бˡҹδ벻ͨˣһţӵо˵ھﵽһԲƺҲûʲô֡
ǡ
˰
һССسǣյã¶֪Ԫ񵤰ɣ
ڹ𣿡
֪Ҳˣһֱ˵޸û˵
ǡԪ𣿡
ûҡͷ˲ҩģǲӵġ
³һתͷ԰ȷڹ
ûȷǳ񣡡
Ĭˣ
Ժ˶Ĭˣÿ˵϶ֳ˽͵֮ɫû˵飬ڵ״ǲܴҹδ룬ֻܹȡ
ڡ
ˮҹδ룬ˮɵر֯һơ
ɣ
ǡ
ˡ
ҹδԾǣһֱûжǸռͻȻһȦǸռ䡣
ʶڵĴʧˡ
ˡ
⡭
ҹδɫһӱò԰ףз̱뵽ռ䡣
һ뵽ռ䣬㿴Ǹڱֽ⣬Ҿôһʱ䣬Ѿֽ⵽ֻ󼸵Ʒֽ˴ľҷǳǣֽ˵ľȻռ۳Һ壬һŰӤȭͷҺ壬ռϡ
ҹδ죬Լ˴ľľԼʶڵоôӤȭͷ
΢΢ҡҡͷʵҲףʶڵľ״̬ռ۳Һ̬ȻСˡ
ǡ
ҹδɫȻһ䣬ֳܻ֮ɫˣԼǧ࣬׼˰꣬ıռ۳һҺ̬
Լû˱
⻹ҪģҪǣԼԺǲٹᱻռֽˣ
˵ԼһҲбˣ
ôͻƣ
ôŶ;أ
ţ
ҹδĿһռ񷶥ЩǵַˣȻǰһ˿ߣЩ˿߿ʼ֯һƣչһ޴ķ
ʲô˼
ѵռ俴ϴԼ
ǡøӰ
ҹδüͷ̫ˣȻûмסḶ́ȴ֪Լеľ˷һҲܹôµıԼӳȡʼѹ֯͹ȫУ֣˷һһ˿󣬷ֻʧܡ
ǣǸ棬ҲҪǲܡ
ҹδ뿪ʼͷˣռڳ۾Ŀⷢ
ſڴ԰ҹδ۾æſڣƿ˷š
δ룬û°ɣһҹδǰ
δ룬ǲڹ԰ĵġ
δ룬ûСˣȡһƿݸҹδһԪ񵤣¡
԰Ҳ˳˽ҹδһ㣬Ǹж
ǣҹδ뵱Ȼ˵Լڹûôͣ
˵ʧˣ
ܵģ
ʧܵʿϢἫήҡԹȥûУֻĴЩͷڣֲ˵ԼûУڸʲô
ȻҹδھͷûήңͷҲҪƽʱԡп˼һµ
û£ûֻϰȡѹ

˶³һţˣ
԰ҲһǹͺáϰȡѹÿʿֻҪǿʼϰȡѹʱڷֽ⣬˺ʶÿʿڹ֮ǰᷴϰֻûϰû˷̶ֳȣΪ̫˷ʱˣǼ⣬ûռ䡣԰ǹеʵ
һԲˣ
ҹδ˷ܵͷ
ѡ˱𣿡

԰΢΢һüͷüͷչڶѹҹδţǲܹһƽıģضṹһȰˡҶıʿδҪãҲȰ˼һµ
δ룬ȱչϰȡѹǧ򲻿Թϰò࣬һ׼һЩԪ񵤡


97 ΪīYakӸ
Ŷҹδԥһ£ûоܾͷã
ϰɣǲҪƴϰҪɳжȡ
ףлл
Уչذɣˣ
ҹδʹҳȥ㣬ٵͷԼװԪ񵤵ƿ㻽һش磬һ¡
һ㣬ͣ˶뿪֮ҹδش磬Ҷ¾һЩ뷨
ģ۾һ׼ؾˣû뵽ҹδͻȻ˵뷨
Ǵϣ
ҹδ̫ӣҹδڻû̫ŪףȽƵĸı˵Լȥо
ش磬
»صҹδȡֽźͱʣʼֽϻͼܿͻһ¾֣Ȼ㿪ʼ¾ϻơ¾ֵи˵һ󷨣Ȼڵ뻭˵ڶ󷨣˪ڵ˵󷨣Ѹ
ش磬㿴ǲǺ¾ϵһģһ
ԣͷҹδڻʱһֱۿȻȷҹδ뻭һ˿
ҹδȡһֽʼֻһ¾֣Ȼʼ
ҸоһҲ˵ǴɣӦûоƾ
ϵֳԼһƷʦҹδһոսӴˣܹԼĴ
ҲûĿģȻҪҹδоϣûҹδָǼȻҹδ˵ˣǾȿеġ
ǣҹδ뽫һǡĵطĹ֮Ȼɴ۾һȻ֪ȷ񣬵ǸֻܴϳĬǴĵ׳Ĭˡ
Ĭؿҹδ뿪ʼڶ󷨣˪
ش磬һ󷨣ҸоطǡҰҵ޸ˣԼܡ
ʱѾûһ˿ҹδӣֻĬĬصͷȻ󾲾ؿš
ҹδĻͬˮһ㣬ܿ㽫˪˳ҹδ˵ǰ㣬ƺı˪ͬ
Ŀʣû̫ƣевð
ش磬󷨣ѸҲǡĵط
ʱһ죬ʱȻȷҹδĵľȷǾһ򣬶໥գʱоԼ֮ǰȷʵŲǡԼһʮʦһոսӴˣԼ䶼
ҹδ뻭һʣ±ʵش磬ֻܵĽûʵһлۡԣֻǸһ
лллл
ʱҪᾩǵ飬ֽһ˼ţһߣл
δ룬Ҳչˣ
С㣡뿪֮Ѿ˽緹緹ûгԣ
࡭
ҹδĶӽҶ˽ɡ
ǣС㣡
˵ʦͳʦֵķˣҹδоԼ״ֻ̬࣬Ǿûлָٴν뵽ռ䣬ĿڵžҺϡ
ҰžƵʶڣǲǻָʶĵľ
ԣ
ֳܹһεͺˡ
ҹδ볢ȥžҺзֳһΣ˳Ȼͽǵξתƽ뵽ʶǵҺһ뵽ʶ㿪ʼӷŻӷҹδľѸٵػָֻһξûľָ٣ȴҹδ˷쳣
룬ԼܹռڶഢһЩĻҺʱܹԼĵľ
һԪиã
һЩɣ
ҹδ׼һЩΪ¹ǸռıԼľ
ǵģ
Ѿ׼ռıˣȻû취㹹ıռ͸ˣ
ҹδ뿪ʼչˣ
ÿزٵʶڹһɹ˲䣬ͱռˣֽҺ̬Ȼռڿʼճһҹδ뿴Ǹ
ҹδϸۿܶȽ˳Ͳ豳Ȼռϰ
ȱ˵Ǹռıôÿ칹һǸҹδԽԽˣ
տʼҪʱ䣬ѾֻҪʱˡռڣѾ˲ٵĻҺ
һһϰÿ춼һʶڵľԽԽڳȡѹҲԽԽôͣѹҲľõ˼ޡ
ȻһգʶͻȻ𶯣ʶƺһ飬ʶչһ
ҹδڷ
˵ֻй˱֮ʶӵ˱پһʱܹһһ
ôԼһһˣ


98 
ҹδ벻ףϸʶκһ˿仯á
˰СʱҹδЩˡ
ûԼĻᣬԼÿ춼ڳȡѹ֯УԭǶʶĴͶԾĴջ֮£ӵбһЧԼǰһһء
һУҹδдϲ̿ʼ칤չʶڣٶȱ֮ҹδ̿ʼ
ҹδ뷢ʶչ֮ԼԾƿһӾʵķԾӲٿ΢СɷԾгɡڳȡѹ֯ĹУӵصӦ֣ûʲô˷ѣҴʱ䣬һֻҪСʱʱ䣬Ϊʶչһ֮ʶڵľʣһ뻹ࡣ
ֻҪѧ˹Ǹռıʼʱ򣬸ò侫˰ɣ
ǳ˺ôҹδ룬ÿ춼ҪһȻǸͱռˣֽҺ̬ռڣʾһǸıḶ́÷ۿҹδ룬Ѿȫסÿ춼ռϰ
ÿ춼ʧܣÿҲһ˿˿ؽ

һ糾̤˷ȴҹӥСӡ
չ˫ۣڵˣ
м䣬Ȼ´ΪҹӥСӵĶӳϵĵӳغܶ࣬ԭǽࡣ
ǹ׳ȻһһңĿ⻹ǵһ
֧ͻľܰԣһʱ䣬ֳˣѾ׳ͷȻڶ󣬵ȴ۵һ
ֻǷıԵܵȻҪȥģǡǴĶŻϼǮһ·ϣҲ˽һгڻس̵ʱ򣬱֪ﹺʲôԴȥܹ׬øࡣ
߰ɣ
ĸ˵ͷ˳Źٵȥأٵϵʼ࣬ǿϵرʿǸĻǷıˣܶ඼ͺͷĵĺС
Щп׳ܰԣжɷʡ
ӳķĸ
ȻӻȡһŵͼչȥׯķУȥ￴˽һ顣
֣ȥķУǲǺǴ󻪵һɵϴ˷ܡ
һЩȻ
ԣǹͷǲֳܱ˷ܣһҪװط֣ñ
˷׷׵ͷ
λͻȻһԴ
תͷȥһ˶飬Ϊ׵һˣҲһ糾ͣϴŷ˪غ˵
ȻҲֳ˿ЦݣԴ󻪣λ
ѩ˵
Ȼɫ΢䡣
Ƭ½ĸȣ󻪣ƣѩ
ʹ󻪻һЩһЩҲΪʲôʹΪʲôԶ;˶ԭķ˶ʹ󻪽סǱѩϽƵĹ¾ͺǿˡ󻪺Ͻ뱱ѩȻܾûбģĹսСģĳͻȴǾѩˣòȻ衣
ǵһɣȴû˿⣬ЦǺʵ
Ȼ֪ΪԼɫ΢䣬˿ߣɫ䡣˰ڰֵ
ͲҪ⣬ܹ֮ǵһΪɫ΢䣬֪Ϊλˣ
ȻɫһΪΣ
󻪺ѩǲͣǶڷ˵ǶˡжĬǲԴ󻪣ѩϽڷ׳ìܣֻҪǳˣšԣ㲻ǵһ֪ĬҲ˲衣
ȻɣȻǵһҲǾḻ֮ˣֻһ˲ΪԷ˵ġ
Ȼ˫û֮ǰ£˫֮ĬͻʧԣӦ޶ȵĺ㹻ľ衣
ѾǺϢˣ޶ȵĺȻ˵İķҲһֳĵЦݵ
Ȼδ̹ͣ
շɣȥĶ
ȥǿǰԣǵһ׬׬ǮǲҪǵ·ҪһЩ࿴һЩ´б
ţüƻһ׬ǮΣȷʵҪ˽һгշɵͷ
ǰϿͰɣ


99 ׯ
ţ
ǰԴһЩ𣿡
̸Ͼ飬ֻһЩͼŰɡ֧һߣշһ˵ʵϣԽߣ׬ľԽࡣȻԽУǴ󻪴Ķ϶͸
ô˵ǲЩìܣշЦǺǵȻвûĿУ֮ɫ
Ȼ˼һֳһ˿Ȼǰ˼ǣǴӷĶԽߣΪԶԽߣҲԽǮԼ۸ǱضǵġÿԴǷǲͬġҲѵģʳסеѻ͡۳ЩѣЩԴǷͲ׬ǮˣǮˡ
žžžշֵЩ׬ˣ׬̫٣Ҳʣ֮Ҳ֪ȻûʯҲʵʵ
Ȼͷշɼ˵ҴŸ˵һ˵ɣЩԴǿԿǾׯ˰ɡ
շɿʼ˵һЩԴƣȻһƣüë΢ѾԴˣ˵ǽĲԣ׬ǮϾׯԵĵشˣҲͷ˲
һ·ţȻһ·̣շɵһ֪޲Ե̬Ȼ˵úϸȻж˼ֺøУۿׯҪˣڽշͻȻͣ
ߣ
ȻѾŵ߿˹ȥȻҲ׷׿˵ߣʱڹٵϵ˶վţһȺУҲжˣشǵ߹ֱׯ
ֻǣȻԻ󲻽⡣
շɵû˵ֻɫص΢΢ҡͷ
ׯ
ׯ죬ׯӪھ֣УŵǷԲǧİڵĸʿׯհׯνƴ󣬵֮
ȻǷڷκεطǵصĵһ൱ڴ󻪵ĹٸٶоһѾǺܴˣ˱ĿҲׯʵٶУûеׯСıѾͽׯ
Ѿ˶꣬ȴʮһ㡣Ŀ࣬纣
촩һɫĳۣһ̴̴ıһڣ̴ڻĽʱׯصͤڣؿζĽ
磡ɱ˵˼仰ɫһ䣬̴ð˻磺
˶ٺУм
磬˴ԼٶУµķ졣
͡
һ̣ƣֻ¡û룿
ûУ
ֻһ·УûУ
ûУ
һ̴̣ڵĻ࣬ͬһ衣̣¶һ˿΢Ц̩Ȼ
֪ˣӴһ°ɣλ̳ʦԴǰҪﵽʲôĿģ
磡漱ǻ׼ĺãб޻һǵĿǡ
ģڰֳ֣һ˿Ȼƾһ¾ׯ֪ׯĵϸһôңµϼȻׯΧͨһ㡣
ǷıԵûôǿȥдǰɡ£
̳ʦϡͣϡͣſڣЦ̳ʦ
ŶٶĺУϰ£ϵֶ˼֣
ϽѾòˡ
ׯ鲼ڰϵİ׵ģǰȴҲ⡣ûĹٸģǹٸʹŰףׯÿ궼Ҫ͸ܶǮҲҪʱ㣬Ҫׯԣ治̳죬ٶе඼졣Ҽ涼ЦǺǵģǽ̳£һһףвϰ¡
ͷǰ·̳˵
Ȼ仰䣬ȴϰµİ˲١û̶֣˵Ƿ飬һже̸
һ㲻Թ
ÿȺһţûׯÿ͸ǵԴܹôʵ
˵ͷ
һȺӣ
вͣáȴ㹻Ĺһַ߽ƣ˳½䱸һЦǺǵ̳ͼλµ¸صĴеҡ̳̤ããһƨλϣ·ׯˡ
Ϻò裬Ȼ͵λСʵʦǰ֪£


100 
̳ˮӣ棬ǼҵÿɲСڰͨԡⷽԲǧׯſɱ´ˡ
Цʦˣⲻ¸λʦĹ£ҲŻڷԡ
ڷԣ̳ȻҾʹׯķ룡
д󾪣æվʧʦȴΪΣׯʲô֮£
ΪΣ̳ʦĿӱ䣺֪Ӳݣ
ӲݣСȻ֪˵ǰ»һӲݣС˹ϲʦ
̳ʦЦȻڰͨԣϢͨǰոջһӲݣׯ֪ˡ
ׯڰͨԣǶ»𾴣֪Ǯ÷ԭ£ҲܹԼ£֮£Ŷׯһֻۣһֻۡ
漱æʩǣʦĹգׯһֱġǮҲ͵ĸԸ
̳ɫȴû˿ı䣬һӲݶˡ
ɫһ㣬̶Ͱ͵Ӳݡˣ

ȻӦ˹ɫغʦʲô˼Ӳݺׯ޹ذ
ôׯûйϵ̳滹ʨ𣺡ׯǺݵϴ󣬱ΪҲ֪ЩӬӪ顣ɹƭ͵Щ¾ǵģʲôˣܹӵׯߣ͵Ӳݵ˲ׯģǲʲͬ
ʦǵýƾ޾ݡ
Ҫ֤ǰɣ̳ɫ䣺ɾ͸֤ݡɻׯ˴£ıվҪѲׯׯķУջھ֣ȵȶشɣ𣬷ׯһе⣬һֱˮʯΪֹ
ʲô
ɫˣׯЩͣһ죬ʧʹȥˡ̳ԣׯڰͨԣźܶù¶ˣвеɱеˣһ飬ʹˡ
ʦǷӲȻǷׯô⣬ôΪһӲԻٸ
̳ʱȴʧ⣬ҲûͱˣǱñׯϣ
ǴǷ꼰޹ˣ
С˲ңֻ¶
ʱ̳ʦԱߵ̳ʦڵʩʵ˵ɣӲݵҲ֪Ӳ׼͵µģѾȥˡ¶ڵŷӲݣ֪Ӳݶˣ֪ܲضµ˵飬ʩׯᾭ飿
ʩ֧ׯģʵҲǻׯ㲻ܷׯںڵϤͿơ̾ׯΪʱׯܹ⣿
ǿգ̳ʦ˵⣬ҲҪׯѴص̾̾Ҳ
ף̳ͷׯιׯҪܲЩիȥɣ
һֻȥ飬˵ֻҪʲôԸС˱ضȫֻǲ֪ʦׯʲô
̳ⲻˣ̳˵Ҳׯʲôֻʮʱ䣬ʮڣҪһӲݡ
ôܣ漱ˡ
ܣ;ȫֻ̳ҪסʮûзӲݣׯסµŭȴסµŭ𡣴Ӵ󣬺ݾͲׯˡ
ʦ
̳ȴ˵ˣվΣһ˦䣬ȥĺҲ
ʦʦ
̳ʦ
̳ʦ
һֱ׷˴⣬ǼλʦȴڶٶеĴӵ£Ųͣ뿪ˡ
ھŲԶھȻշɵʮ֧飬϶ֳ֮ɫȻѹ
ǰǸŻŵׯׯ
ǣշҲѹׯ죬˽棬ĵܵܡׯͨ£ڹ
ģЩŰ
շ͵ʵںݣׯʵ»ǿֻҵ°ˣϾǷºׯ˳ͻⲻǵ¶ֻǹͣҪסУҪ뵽Уԭˣһ뵽У֪ʲôġ
ǵȻУֲɵ
շɿһȻУͱʱ㲻ͲġǽУ𲻾һ仰Լ뵽鷳֮С
Ȼһݣշʩһлǰ㡣


101 
ׯ
Ļ㱨ɫӻ֣˶Զ׿⣬䡣ѹ
ܣ˵»᲻֪ׯõһӲݣ
ɣɫһѾõһˣ֪ڲɣ
üǸոյõϢأ
ǣǴõϢϢֻд㣬ңǿ֪©Ϣ
ϸ룬û©Ϣֲеģ
ûУûУԴҡ˹ġ
ǿأ
ȥ˰ɣ
۾΢΢һµͨȻϲ顣
⡭̫ˡ
˲ô࣬Ҫӳ¿ȻǿҽлٽӴµϸµĿġ
ãȥ졣
С
Ȼ߽˷УβǳԴҪгǲܿ뿪ȥ˿ջϴһֳ緹뿪ջڷ顣
ûйȥʱж
йرˣûܹ뿪
ԭܼ򵥣˵µõһӲݱ͵ˣׯҪϲÿˡ
Ȼüͷһ壬ֳЦշһߣԼû˵ʲôءͱؾ˴¡
ӳô죿ɵЩʵ
Ȼнɫƽңһң֧ˡ
û£ףµġ
ɼ˲һֻܰԭһںӣʱڶһ°Ȼ
ȻȻһȻתף䱸һɣ֪ʲôʱշԡ
ǰ
СѣշѹΣˡ

¶ʧӲݵģׯڰͨԣ²ׯѰǸ͵
ʲôϵɲ
ǺûйϵҸղ˵Ļׯڰͨԣ˵ׯǵĺͷӡȻµæǲׯһõġׯǲܰ׳ģýץһˣǵԴˮȴµͷϡ
ôңôˣ׳
Ȼеˣֻˣһˡ˵ĿȻĴϣ
ֻԴˡǻΪڣץׯȻɱ˶ᱦ
Щ˶ЩźͱģϾЩ˾鷳ˡ
ǰʲôָ㣿Ȼǿ侲
Ҹղ˵ˣǻץЩԴˡȻˣûԴֻģҲϾûʵݵ飬ûȥɡԽĴʱܣ¹ȥٻ㡣ҪӶԴһɡ
ȻһֻǸһԴܹ鷳Ȼ
ǡ
λշֵ
ֵã
ȻҲϴˣûôɵһշɣ¾Ӵ򹷣һȥˡ
ׯĻô
ȻĿŷеĴȥվڴǰΧվٸʿ
ֻǱվ˵һָӣʱǸָ˵
ף
ǣΪ׵һæǰһʩǵһ⣬Ͻ
Ǹׯ˵ͷº͵ҲǣͣǶ֪֪ףǶ˾Ͳ֪ˡԻϡ
ǸΪ׶ӳϴŲϣ
ȥһׯȻ뿪һһΪ񡣡
Ȼɫһ䣬շɵ㣬Ȼ֪һׯ¾Ҳˡ
Ҫǣշ˵ûҹӥСҲᱻׯϡ
ôһһ֧Сӱׯˡ
У
ȥˣȻеתѴշɣǰȫˣҲʧ˴ԺҲĳ;ˡ
ɱЩˣǵԴɣ
Ȼɫʱò԰ףΪʱվܰͻȻںȵ
ܰһֱվȻշɵĻȻһ溩ˣׯֻץŴˣһӾ֪շ˵ûоŭǺֱ϶ĲԵģȻԣȻҪƽʵⲻǵ顣
ԭվڴǰ棬Ѿ΢Ц


102 ӳ
Ȼ˳£ɱһˣӦջСһˮµͷϡ
ʵݣֲǺǡ
ǣʱܰԵɫһ䡣
ȻɫɫеЩ˶Ǳɫԭоǲֻһʱ֮ûƴ¡ܰԺʣһӾˡһ̬һͷϵһʿļá
ץ浱ϡ
ץסǸܰһָ
ʮׯʿܰ˹
ܰЩ£ףԼԵ飬ΪʲôԷôţ
ԼӦô
Ȼһҧ֪Ѿˣϵһ˳Ŷ˹ȥ
ɱ
ˣ
ŶǰɱܰԲˡ
ɾˣ
һƣͰѱϵĴժͬʱѾץ֧ʸָ֮䣬ʯ֮䣬乭
ԣ
ԣ
죬һǰһȴǺɽ֮ܰҲһļ
ۡ
̫ͻȻˣû뵽˾Ȼׯĵ̺Ȼ֣ܰ߳壬ҪץҹӥСӵׯʿеİ˸ѪԵڵء
շɴͣ۵Ĳš
ҪƫȻĴȫû뵽Ȼ֧龹Ȼôգ
ֱӾͿɱ
ԡ
ܰԺͺһ߱ܣһ乭ֻ˱ǧ֮ƣһƬƬʿ¡
ǹ׳Ȼ󣬺ȻһײׯʿСǹһ㽫һʿᴩ˫۽㽫ʬ˦˿Уߺȣ
ǻʲôűׯɱ˶ᱦ𣿡
ׯʿȻ˲٣Ǳ˵ˣǸָӣ£жԼĲм

̫ˣ
ҹӥСӵĳ涼岻ǵǰ嵽ǵǰҲţԼһֻܹ֧СӡֻҪ֧СӣʣЩʿͻʵʵ
ϡ
еͷոո֣ûɢһصĵն治Ŀȥһ꣬һһն
ˣ
ȡ̧һƣǵĻ˹ȥֻڿ˲Ŵ󣬺صĵ档
Ŵӡ
䡭
ʹӡײ£ڰн֡
Ȼ
Ķͷһһ۾ķơ
һ̣·һֻ۾ˣֻ۾ʶһֻ͡һ͵˲䣬ֻŴӡȻ飬ͬƥһһն¡
䡭
˷Ŵӡɫ䣬һһȥȻһ˷еĴ󣬽һ࣬ʮ׵ľ޴ȱڡͬʱһʮׯʿ屻նΡ
ᣡ
ȻͬһֻչĴȱڷ˹ȥʱ򣬲˻ˣҲˣ
ׯѾ˼ʮˣʧˣׯο²ᵥˣЩ˵ᱻׯһƤ
䡭
ŵȶˣŴȱڳ˹ȥҲˡһӾȫԤϣźһɫڣߺһ
ɱ
ϣ
һӰͬһشӹʱѾγ˳һ

оһɴϮβһһһĨԼϮ磬ۿŶؿǱĨԼʺ

һĽ˵ϣһ泤߷Ƶ˳ԣչгǸ͹ȥ
磬ɱ
飡
ǵʹڵһߣαһˣɳ˴󣬼䣬ʧټʱҹӥСҲ˴ԶĶӡ
һȺӵȺӶˡҪ׷ɱȴԼСץס˸첲
磬ǿˣ
Ȼס˽Ųǿˣ˵ڷ𣿡
Ҳˣ
ڶҹˣ
ûУ
ңңҪŹκһ䣡
̷׷ɱЩߵˣʼ֯Ѱһ䣬ȴ˽겻
зô飬ǿڷУͳˡ
ԸҪ£ǿǴӣ
ಡ
Ȼû߹ٵѾɽ֣ŲɲͣӰɽзӣҶɳɳ졣
һֱܵƻ裬ȻͷȻסΡʾסȻ˶
㣬ˣΧûˣܰͻȻڵ


103 Ӳ
Ȼһɣ֣ܰҪЩģֽĿ˺ɣҲͷ

ͬʱ˴һƨ˲ݵϡ
̫Σˣ׳һѶͷϵĺˮ
ǹӳô죿ׯ·ʱ򷵻ش󻪣»ᱻׯ¸š
ǲȥȻǼǰǣȥٷƵðʱ䣬ǸʱׯӦѾˣл᷵ش󻪡
Ķʵ
ҿȻȡͼһӦɽɽھλȴ·ˣϿȷ򡣲кܴĿԻ·ӳǰǵʱ䡣ɽڶޣǵĴΣգҪСġ
Ѱһȫĵطɡ
ׯ
λ
ˮɫҲÿû˵ƺڵȡ
ʱһȥڵأ˵Ŀⶼ˳Ĵ⡣һӰɿرܶһ˴ţʩ
λׯ
ȿڵ˵
Ǹ˿ڳ˵ϸĵ飬ǰ磬үڷŸԷʹүԷˡֱͬеƹԣɽկկʤһҴС
ĸ˳˴ԼʱɢȥȻǷֱˣǷֱϸϯ˵Ļ
˵Ņ̀ͷһһͬ㣬үЩˣϯ˵ׯһӲݣ
첻ɶݣһ˿ŭƽ
֮үĸͷֿˣǲ֪үȥȻǵˣ˿˵үһеǰķ¡
ڵĿһֵͣܵж֮ɫ
һӷ֣˵̳ǽոΪ֪ׯһӲݣ¸ûзӲݣҪׯһӲݣ
ǻΪʲôҪץǿüͷ
˫£һհˣʱ侲ڰʾǸѶȥȻ
ҪģǿʱΣգ
Щط벻ָͨ㡣
۾˼һ̳ׯ˼һǾǣһǸʵݡ
棿ʵݣ±ˡ
̳ھׯǾҪӲݣ

Ѿϱˣ˵ģһ顣ʱ̳ǻὫһָ֤ׯׯԵֵ£ȴס¡
⡭ܻŲǲڿƭѵҲڿǼٵģ
ĬȻƬ̵˵ٵģҰٷ֮ʮʿӦñһǲķϲ߽ݾģ̳ˡھǰǰѡ
ȻûаǸǲǽµȥϲʵûеǾܹץһˣһԴǹǷӲݵʯ
⡭⻹ǱɰǾͲµˣ
ˣǷնԷȻľηȻ£Ҳϴˡ
ǲǷӲأ
ǵĵڶˣԻǿ
Ի󣿡
̾ϢһҪˣֵ̳ķ𷨱Ƿ롣ʩչַ𷨵ˣӵзģһײϡ
˵ЦһŲţȥ£ǿǿһһ¡
Ͳ£ڵһվ
Ȼ£ҡҡͷģܹջطġҪǿͱҪ̳ջǿķġһ£ׯҲˡ
źܶɣڲޡһð֮£Ǿͻһ顣ׯеù𣿡
ǡǾôˣ
ǻô죿ָƽʧһӲݾʧ˰ɣܹǿܹǷׯһ飬ԺׯһЩֵ飬Ҳһֻ۱һֻۣЩʧܹ
ˣ֮ǰ˵ڷеһСӽʲôǸͻȻֵĵͣ˵ЩϤ
ǸͻȻֵСӿӦԴ󻪣ʣµĲ鲻ǵһûκϡ
ǸϤĵ͡


104 
üͷ˼һ۾ͻȻһˣúˮ
ˮɫһ䡣
ˮʱĺѣֵܡȴΪһ찵ΪõǱΪͻͽһǧմׯ
ҵɱ
ģ磬Ȼ¶ˣܲˡӦþǶˮĶӶŵϰɣ
Уȥһ£
¡
һ̨һʵǣûаΪӱץĽ̤࣬ʱΧ
ڡ
̳ʦϣľ㡣ֻľ㱻û죬ԵôӵĿռš
̤̤̤
һŲ죬̤ű̳ʦʩ
ʦ֣Ҫɽˡ
ľͣ£̳ʦתվԼǰʩ̳⣬΢΢һЦ
ôʶˣλׯׯ治򵥰Դȥӭһ°ɡ
ɽǰ
첻̳̳˵ǰʩ
λʦ
ʩ룡̳Ѿû˵ׯʮִ飬һ㡣
лɴʦ
˽뵽ֱɫƽȴûô
ɴʦ뽫ҵĶӻһ
̳Ҳûлرܻдʣ󷽷صͷʦܣȥѻ
ƽɫԼĶһֽѣֻ̰ķӲݣǶׯûһ˿⡣
̾һȻ˽Ӳ͸£ҲδԿЩʹ
һ˽ŲŲ£һ˵ĽŲǳȵʱҲתȥ˾ٶ̳΢΢¶һ˿΢Цͬ黨΢Ц
һ꣬һ˽
˱̳⣬ıǿʱûȣͷȴɮ£ûЦݣһ˿⡣
쿴ǿϵĿ⣬۾΢΢һУѵµĺĥǿˣ
ǿûпһ㣬Ŀбӵ̳ȥȻ󹧹ʩ
ݼʦ
̳ͷֳ֮ɫḧǿͷ
ȥʩ
ʱǿת죬ɫȴû˿ȣǰʩ
ʩ
֮㲻ٹ죬Ƿͨһ̳ǰʦСɮȣ
ˣǿһ⣬ǱĥˣΪ̳ûиȡб̾Ϣһ
ȥɣ
̳㺬Цͷѣȥдʩȵһ˵
ǿϱֳϲɫٴߵ׵лʦ
Ȼֱ̳ʩ֮˳ȥ
ӻȡһϻݸ˶̳ҲҰѹµķӲҵˡ

̳ϵЦݸӵش飬ֽӹϻǰشϻ˿˿ɢ
ϻһҩֻа߳ҩͷһ仨Ƕ仨ͬӣ˿˿ǴǷɢ
ž̳ϻϵЦʢͷʩˣ
СһЦе
ã̳޵ȻԱߵ̳ȥ湫
ǣ̳Цȥ
бһɣ̳û˵ѣ˵湫ӣǻὫǿķջȥ
ܿ죬ǿָ˻Ŀбӵ̳ȥ̳ȴûеǿߵǰǿһţ
ӷ𣡡
ǿüĴɳһ⣬̳ȥ뵽̳üڡ
ϵ̳ǿȻͣס˽Ų̳Ŀ𾪣ȻתͷĹˣ㿴죺
ôҡôҲ
̳̳ʩλʦĳˣ
̳̳ʦʩ
ǣֵ̳λʩ룡
ׯ
鷿
ʱɫƽ˸ŷŭ
һӻûгԹôĿ֮ԶԼĵܵ˵Ĵ󷽣ǺԼܵܽ˵©죬߽鷢ˣܵǼ㲻˵ɫΪֹ¶
ԼĶӣ֮󣬱㱻Լѵһ٣Ȼ˽աԼҪ˵

쳤³һ˨ϣȻǰקһ飬ܱһԻȥ¶һڣһµ̨ףٲ̨ף̤һ̨ף˳ͨǰߣͨܳԼһӵʱ䣬ǰֳһ̨ס


105 ɽ˵
˳̨ȥһſڣϣһŽԱߵһץסһ£ǵŻһԻȥ˽ȥ
滹һ鷿鷿Ѿׯˡϵһֵϵһͨķݡ
䷿ݵһĶңƹҲԼΪܵͣһЩųԼһС꣬ǰӣǾסĵط鷿ڰڷŵĶ˱
ʱ󡭡
Ŷ
˾ͽһܲ۵֡ʱЦŶһ׳
ׯǷ˶ʮǮˣС굣𰡣
λ׳ץһӣǷǮǸӡԺ㣬ӡ
䣬ץǴ߳˴ţ׷⣺ׯׯ
Ľַָָ㣬֪˵ʲôôЦĿ˼
ͷ˫磬һᣬ߽꣬Ȼڹ̨۾ķ
֮˼ģԼСʱɫţȻ߽˺Ժƿ鷿ţӺ죬ɫû˿仯ŲƵҲû˿仯·ûп鷿ڵһ㡣
߽鷿ֽŹϡȻһعǰ
ݼˣ
ǰְļϣίˡ
Ĭ
ȥ£Ӳ͸̳̳һ뿪ݣǰǴ£㽫Ӳݸ͵
ǣҪ˺ݡ
ȥҪ̳ں֮⣡
ɳĬļȻת߽˰ţ˳̨ȥ
˰ţȻ˳ȥʼԼֽ֮󣬱鷿һ߷˱һߺȲ衣
ҹ
̧ͷһ۴ɫȻӰʧ鷿ڣϢ
̡߱

ڴűϵΨһһʦȻˮƽߡΪҲߣҲһƷʦı߽ѾһˣƽʱĻ࣬һòϹ
ϺȻһưͣԸ񺩺񣬼۸񹫵ʮ˴˶֪һˡ

һ˴ӣʼʰߡȻ˨ת˲֪ʲôʱ˷ڵҲֻôš
´ˡ
ʲô񣿡ư͵߾Ȼˣ˻ƣӲһǳò˵ԭ
֮⣬ɱ̳
䣬αʧˣ·ûгֹ
Ҳ·ûп̤̤̤߽˺š
ɽ

Ȼ˳ԭҪôģ·ˡ
Ȼȡͼһ飬Ȼ̧ͷһۿе̫˵ͼ
Ǳߣ
ʮһ
Ȼһ߳˺ݵĵؽ磬һЩ̶ӻһʮ̶ɵһŶӡ̶мʮˣС̶ֻˣȻС̶ӡʮ̶ӾۺһҲΪ˱ȡůϾǷ֮ˣƽ͵ķڣҲǿŶӣЩ̶ӡ
ΪǷʣ
ˣ
ʮ̶ѾһʮˣҲˡ˴˽ԼľʱعЦ
ֹȥա
һա
ȻΧһտһֻ¹
һƺ«˹һƨܰԵߣĽܰԵģ
ֵܣȾƣ
һӵʮ˸˵̶ӵĶӳҲԴ󻪣ܿܰԵʣҪܰڵԼ̶С
ܰѿЦˣֽӹƺ«˹˺˰«ŰѾƺ«Ӹڣһھ
ˬ
ܰԵԸ⣬ĿȻ
ӳԶɽ𣿡
ţȻͷֳѯ֮ɫܹ˼ҲûʲôСи֪ܰǲ뿪ҹӥСӵġ
Ȼѯ֮ɫҲˣرܰԵĿⶼԼϣһϲҪŪԼļʶ֪ܰԼܸĻԴֺһھƣһµ
ɽɽ֪Ϊʲôɽ𣿡
ҡͷӵ⣬ֺһھƣƳһܰԣܰһؿԼиϲôһˣ
һƴսǧ֮ǰ屬һսһս꣬Ĵƽرɽƽأֱɽ
أ


106 ͻ
ȡʤ˵ҲǲʤԺͱ֮Ϊɽǳʤ
ⲻҪ˵ġ
˵ͣһ¡ܰȰĴ־ļϣ
˵ʲôθڡ
Цս󣬷ɽ󡣡
󣿡
ɫȻ˵ЩͨɽȻʹ죬ȴִɢǴһ졣ȴɢȥȻʮȥ˰˳ɡŵԵ뵽һսУҲǳս
ۡܰԴЦȻȰĴļϣ磬ڽ𣿡
˵ġ
˰ɣܰƲ˵ģưˡ
Ӵ㻹óˣˡ
ǵȻܰԽؽԴһҺ˵δӿɴˣҶǺѧġ
δ룿
Ȼӹ͵ǵСã岻̫ãڼ˵ģԺַ𣿡
ͷ˵ʷΣûйɣһγǰ
ңǰܰһƭɫΣԭܰǰװƣܰǰװɷʡ
̤̤̤
ƻ£ʮϼԶ˹۾ǱһۣһС̶ӡÿɫ뺷ǵһξ̵֡
ʮÿ˶ͣûģžֻܹߵĽŲƶƵʶһ£Ȼûпʲôƣȴһоĸо
һѶΧ̸ʧˣȻе˲ûȥǸ̶ӣÿ˶ս׼Ѿս˱
һƺûڴ˵ذӪկ˼ȻЩ̶ӵԱ߾ֹ߹
ǰһС֣Ȼֲ󣬵߽ˣ֪Ī룬رڻƻʱ֡ǣЩ˵ģȻҪֱӴ֡ʱ̶еһ񻪵˴˳ȥзˣʱոմгʮͬһսײ˹Ȼ뻹ʮףѹܵӦӦ
ϣһγ˳
̤
֧ǰͷһ꣬ڵһ壬Ȼ۽ʮ׵ľ˲ԽͬһֻԱеһ˴ǹƴ˳ȥ

̶еǸˣеĳ㱻ɣǴǹֱǰ̡Ǳ¿һǹ
ϡ
̶ӵ˷׷װγһ
ǶʮǰеĽŲȻͣ£Ȼһսͬʱܰڵһվ乭˲ɡ
ԣ
һ֧ƿնȥǸǹȻͷ㿴һ֧֧ڼٵתȥ¾ҵֱ治ʸĿĵء
ųǹĹǸ¿Ѿһɫ԰ס
Է̫ǿˣ

ǳǹȻǹ׼֧ʸɫأΪܰٴ乭һ
ʱѾɱԼĶԱΣգһͬʱֳ˼ɵֻǿһ۶Էվλ֪֧鼫ǿǸʵǿһĬϡ
ʱЩﻢ£ôײȥ´򲻹кܶôˣԼӺҪҪˣ

ͻȻһӪһ̶Ӷӳ첽˳һӪص˶Ƕʮ˱ƽ˹ʱǶʮеĿһһ˿ɱ͸䡣񿴵һ˿ɱ⣬бһݣæڵ
ѣ⣬˷㣬뼺㡣ǵֻȥַһ£˸棬Ǳɱ֣ǲ̫Եˣ
ƫͷһ۶ķ񻪣һ֮ǰ龰еһ˿ɱȥңңһȭȻͺһ
ߣ
ʮٶȥҡҡͷ
һ²һ£ǷȰγ˵ҲǺȻ֡
л֣
ʩм棬˫ѾսˣԼ̶Ӳ֪ܹʣ¼ˡ
ڰ֣һ۸ոմ߳ķ񻪣¶һ˿ãתӪȥ࣬ת񻪺



107 
ŶŶ˹̧˹ȥôӦʲôʲô
ڰϴ㲻֪ƣһǣ̫ˣұܷӦ
̾ϢһȻûֱǶʮˣֻԱ߿߹ܹоɷ񻪴ֳûз֮£ֱƣѹ֪Ҳûѵ񻪵˼
ɣ
ŷ߹ȥڣ񻪾ʩ
лܴ磬Ҹ鷳ˡ
ϼһ˿Цݣڰ֣ȴûп˵¡ٴθлȻŷܰԵǰηˣܰһͱǸǹһǹˡ
ֵܰܣл֮ԺУ񻪱ض౨
ܰȰĴ֣һưѷһģԭ;ʮһͷأʺܰεץץԴ
˼
ûû£񻪻һ¼졣
ֵܣʱѾ׼ػؿˣûм̶ӵ뷨ҿԸߵĴ
ȥܰɫһһƨȥ̵һ¹
ɫΣȴģֵܰܡ
ӳȻڵܰĵܣǲġ
Ŷ
ɫһһһܡȫû뵽ǽܡ
ǲ԰
˲һհ
ܰȻı飬֪֮϶й£㲻׽Ҳʤ׽ܡҲͷܰԵ˼ͷһתȻ
ҶǴˣ֪֪ףǼǵ̶Σ
ȻԸЩ䣬ֻҡҡͷȴû
̾ϢһԼͷȻſػʹ̸񻪺̶ӵĻҲ½̸䣬ΪһҲ̸뿪Լ⡣
ܰԴʱѾԱˣҪһ«ƣպûмڣ˽ŲʱѾϵʣⲻӪʿϵ̶֣֧ӣȻڸҹ·
ܰĿڳˡֻǿһۣĿһ
ⲻշ
ׯУվȻշɶȻ˵ĻֻԴЩûзӦһ·ϿǷӦˡԭϰҪҹӥСӵĻ
ʱշɫշм䣬ҸһˡԶԶؾͿӪһԭŹڨһ£ȻһϢһͻȻһоһɼĵ⣬תĿȥֻ۾ɫԣԼ
ܰǸߣţҲȱ˸߳ͷڵ߶ˡշһӾϳȻ㿴ԵȻʱоһ顣ŲֱͣԽӪأͣ
վסܰԱһվͬһСɽ
̤̤̤շɱȥ
Ȼбһ̾Ҳշɣȴûȥշɵ鷳ǽ飬ȻշԼĴԼûϵǳ˽飬˫Ҳû˺ûбҪº˺
˽ܰԵӣֱȥ˵ͻֱӶ֡һշȥһߺ
ģ
ܰԲɷŻ˽ŲԼ˪Ķ㣬ɺԼķŭȻߵܰԵߣշɵͷ
ǰ
շĿ󿴵Ӫеʿ߹һжʮ˹̰вƵͷҲ֣Ȼ̶ӣʲôʱԵôˣ
ȻʱȴһܰԲͬܰԲҼûʲô顣ȻԭͱѩִϱȻḻ
շӦúͱ̶ϣӦö·ֻˣҿƺΪҲԼߣҲߵޡ뵱ڻûеׯʱҲǺԼڨ
ôʱ˺ˣȴǶһСӣ
Ȼһ˿ɫǰô·ûк̶ӽ飿
ŶӦãһ·û̶ӣ
𣿡
շɫ΢΢ΣֱȻֵ
ӳͲǵʱˣǡ
ˣȻо͸ˣ˵һ·û̶ô̶ӣȴҪȥ
㿪ڵǰǲ׼һ𣿡


108 Ϣ
շ΢΢ͷڲԼɫԼˡһ̧ͷƤЦⲻЦ
ҿλֵܰܣƺʲôᣬԡ㶮ġ
ȻʱиӺ棬Ǹǽͽ䱸ͨׯз飬֪շһˣʱô뿪˵ʲôıԼ߻ʲôΣաٴοڵ
֮ǰܹʲô᣿ǰָ㣬лǺܸлġ˵תܰԣ¶в
ģ˵ǲǣ
ǣܰȻĿв£ǿ
㿴Ȼշɣˣ
Ѿ߹΢΢һüͷȻһ˽⣬ϾҪܰԣȻҲ˼ֹעӡУȻһ֮ˣܲ˵;Բ˵
ǣʱȻѾ˵ˣǶ໰
ô¶
Ŀⲻ´շɣʲô֮
ʲô¶Ȼעˣ
ԣ
ſܰԵ̬ȣ̸֮֮ǰһʲôìܣշҪߣȻȴҪ
ô¶
оͬʱֱ󣬴һƣԼ̶ӵҲ䱸
շȴһ̾ͷȻˣȻ֮λС
ȻȻһЦǰ롣ˣҸһ£λ̶ӵ죬ҵѡ磬λշɡ
һȥһ߽ϽܿʹһƬ
ߵշɵߣװϵʯͷһ£ֱײշɵֱϡ
ˡ
˵ֱײһ˲䶼о˴
ǿ
ж˼ɵ˴˶һֶۣ¶Цݡֵ̧
룡
룡
˲Уֻиֳһͷ
йŹ֣
ٴΧԣշ֮ǰȻˣֻǱΣȴǺ¡˫Ͼûгޡ㵱ԼҪȻĻûʵ
ȻסշҲΪ鷳շǱֻˣԼδؾʹùԷ˸δػԼֻҪ˽һԼ뿪֮ׯе顣
ǰǵȥһͷɽǺһģ
շɱЦԭЩϿӦû¶ģׯǻЩϿһЩӵġǵЩ¿ͺׯɱͲ˵ˡܽԼ˷ׯǷŹǵͷϣ
ҪԼϲŶԣ
ȻˣӦǷе˶ˣׯ˲ᣡ
ⲻȻ΢΢üͷ˿ׯ᲻
ԼĹ鷳ˣ
мתͷȻֵǶׯʲôٶ
շҲû˼˶ϿͣϤҺ͵ҲŲĹϵ˷УҲһӦֱӴɽֻǶɽڣȻ˼죬ȥ̽Ϣ
ȻоһϲЩԶˣϢҪġ˼ʱ㹻ϢܹӦİšȻûڵȻȥ̽Ϣ
ʲôϢ
շ΢ЦؿһȻЩⲿԭ໥ϢǱҲǱȡů
ϢЩģ˵ׯҵ˷Ӳݣ֪ǴĶҵģ˭͵ġԴŷӲ͵¡ȻҪ׸¡
µķ̳ԴһٸǰǴ£̳ģׯ;
ׯׯûԼ룬һٸׯ;ߵҪһЩҵ󣬹һ·̡
Ȼ΢һߡȻׯҵ˷Ӳݣ˱㲻̫ץЩׯдɱʿ˰ɣ
շɿȻ˼΢΢ҡͷɫȻѣҪ⡣ׯδԹ˴Ƕڴµĺض¡
Ȼͷˡ
еׯ˵һΣǿšܹӰԶᱻΪׯĩˣʳׯһȻҪԭ·ش󻪣νΣءвɰпࡣ
ǰô㣿
շɵȥʱׯˣ߱ƽԭֱӷѩҲ·Ըһ߱ƽԭȻͨѩش󻪡
Ȼһ
԰
Լ·


109 ɽ
շ߱ƽԭǲܵģշɵΪˣ˵ͻԼһѡԼ룬뵽ϽٴϽش󻪡
ˣǰΪʲôʱû߱ƽԭ·ׯ
Ǵѩȥ˴󻪣ѩĻｻ׸󻪣ٴӴ󻪽һЩףȻڷѩ
Ȼв΢΢ɬԼǵһֳ;⣬Ǿ̫ˡշһ˵ԼҪ·ҲǴ˳;ľ顣Ȼƺ«
ǰҾ㣡
շҲһ֪ȻǽеҹȥˡǲȻ绯һЩԹǶԼ飬Ҳˬ˾ƺ«Ȼһ£֮󣬿ĴЦ
ҹʱ֣Ϣ
ڶգʰһǰУշҲ̶ӡ
Ȼշ̶νһӳǲСأԶķɽԽԽ
ȻĿȥɽɽ£һƬֺķ¡
Ƿɽ£
ͷ
ɲԵ磬ɽΪʲôɽУǽɽ£͵۲Ƕϲɽ𣿡
ܰɵǶ˵ɽ󣡡
ɻȻ򣬲ܰԶܹ뵽Լȴû뵽죬ݺݵذܰһۣ
ܣɽֻǴԣδģ
ЦЦȷʵΪԭ򣬶ҷɽ»һϰס
ʲôϰף̽ӿڣԼΡܰƲƲ졣
ɽ¾ǽ˵ϣ˵ｨɽ¾Ϊѹɽдԣ֮Էɽһֱûг֣ΪɽµĴڡ
Ȼ˶ƲƲ죬ûţǷƵһ
ҲΪȻЦЦϰ׾ǣҪԽɽˣˣˣȥɽһ㣬Լȫشɽİɡ
ȻÿҪһƷʯ
Ǻǡ

ɲɰһ˵ɽµǷӲһҪһƷʯ
ҪƷʯ
շɿ˺һۣȻȻɣˣİ
Ȼͷγ;׼㡣ׯ֮ңзɽ֮СȥʱϽ´ʱҪڷϽס
ţѩ
ξ͵ǽѧˣ
ս䡣
Ѫ
ķɽ˲ϼȾءǷɽ£б֮£Ҳׯϻֺ롣
Ȼ۲һ£ûйɽ¶ģһ뵽˷ɽ¡΢΢ҡͷɽֻǽͷˡ
ؿɽţȻǽվסڷɽ£㣬סڷɽµѣṩի
ƲƲ죬аǲżǮ
իó⣿ܰԵ۾ʡ
죡ȻܰһۣǾڷɽµĴſˣ³⣿
ܰԱͣȻְર죬Ȼ
Ȼ̧ͷ˻ֺķ´ţǰɳӭͣʱ˽ΪʱѾƻ裬µҪȴӷڳ˶ܶࡣ
ȻǲҪǧ棬̶ӵʱǸ̶ӵĶӳΪŶڵ̶ӽ档ԣܿȻǾͽ뵽ɽšȻزĽҪʲôŴ߾ˡ
Ȼ̶ӲûȥͲͻϢֱŴ⣬ȻҪŶӡ֮ȻвˣȴǼžȻܰԲͷ޵صһۡ
ſӣÿ뵽ڵ˶һƷʯȻɳֵнӹһ㣬߽
һСʱȻ˲½ʹʯ߽˴
ŷ˻ϵ棬ȻЩˣԼ˶ŵշЩѩŷϽŷǹҲֻ֮󣬾Ϲʩ
㣬ȻŴ뿪˴ɳִһԺ䣬ʱŶӱס΢ϴϢ֮󣬱˷ɽµիóԷ
իúܴ󣬶㡣
ʱѾ˰˳ˣҪԽɽ˻ǲ١
ȻķիܺóԣȻʲôޣֻͨի絾׺Ͷ֮ģȴɽµĳ˸ζ
ֻζûҲȻԵȤȻ͸˵θܰˡ
ȻΪӳһ߳ԷһߴΧʱիóԷĿɲֻʱŶӣǴʱڵڶ㣬ڶ㼸еһˣеˣеרɽͽҲĽҪɽġп͸ݵˣܣӵĶࡣ


110 ɽ
ֻڷɽ£ʲôݣܶ࣬Ȼ̸Ҳǵϸɼɽµʵ򵥡
շɣһģһȥǸģͬȻĽû뵽թѩˣȻʶôˡ
˻Ҳȥʶ˴кȻĽ񣬱Ц
㲻ĽǶϿˡܶˣȻʶľͶˡȹ꣬ҲˡҴʶλѡ
лл
ȻæлѶ·ֳ;ΪҪνһ飬ӿȦӵٶȡ
ʶһȦѾȥ̶ӡʱիڵ˼ûгԷʱ䶼ںжȹڣիòŽذԶصԼλϣʼԷ
кܸлܰԾܰԵߣÿʲôġ
ܰԣ㿴㣬
ܰԳһڣѿЦˣóԣʲô㣿
ⲻ㣡ЦǶġ
ֳܰһڣûгԳζŷ񻪲ƭ

ȻҲǵһγԷɽµիζҲ⡣ǵ˿ڸ̧֮ͷɨһۣоֳһ˿ȣɣֶիʣ¶ˣ
ôԵô죿ǳʲô¶
ȻԼʲôˡ󡱣ô죿ҪҪϽߣ

ȻɵҿȻշɺ˴ʱɫҲˣվæ¥ݡ
ˣȥȻһܰԣҲ¥ȥǹҲվ
¥ݣ˵⣬ͷ񻪷ͻǸꡣǸûϳȻȴϳܰԣܰԵһ˷񻪡ܰԿ۾һ
ֵܣʲô
Ǹɫ΢ǿڻش˵Ƿɽ󡣡
ɽ󣿡
־ϲɽĳԼֻ÷ˣ
ǡ
˭֪ɽʲôʱ
ϲԼܹɽǧѷĻᡣ
˲ٽ̸㶼ҴҵŴȥվͥԺڣ̧ͷԶķɽȥ
ʱɫѾѾ
¹£ɽԵʣ̫
Ķ
ȻЩԻⲻҹɫеķɽ
һֱž˿ڡ
Ҫڵˣ㶼սͣĿֱֱԶɽƶֺ´ʲô
ʱڼž
ԼңҰеķɽͻȻͬһˮһֻֽʶһ£ɽŤһ¡
ҲֻŤһ£ָʱ䲻Ϣʱ䣬Ҳ㹻ˣͥԺе˷һ󾪺
վڷϵĸɮһɫȻһԲĸ߲Եķɮ
ʦ֣Ҫ𣿡
鷽ȻͷǷżأ֮ǰȷʵŤľ󡣡
ǴӳֿռŤľ󣬵٣ã
֪鷽ҡͷ伮ȱʧ
ԲɮͷͥԺڵԸʿʦ֣Щô죿ܲסȥɣֲ֪ã
ͷˣƺܿи￴󡣸·ʩдһ졣ҪɽĿ뿪ڷɽ󾿾᲻֣òų֣ǲ֪ҲҲ֣ҲǸոսɽͻ֡Լѡ񡣵Ƿ´ӺտʼҪʳ޷ѣÿһƷʯ
ǣ˫ֺʮ
һҹû˯û˻ݣҶվͥԺڣעԶķɽ
ɽŤʱ̶ʱʱ̣ʱʱ䳤ÿŤʱ䶼ᳬϢʱ䡣
ɽѾɮ¸֪Ҳɽ󾿾᲻ᷢǻᷢҲȷʲôʱǿԿ϶ǣڻûзҪɽվ硣뿪ءƫҪڷɽ£ӺÿÿһƷʯΪʳ޷ѡ
û˷зɽշѣÿﶼɽϢȥ֮󣬻˸ۿǸʱ˵һƷʯˣһƷʯδܹڷɽ»һӡ
ڽǵǣҪҪɽ
ɽСһܹһ촩˻һʣѡɽ
ڵķɽף̫һھͳԣ촩ɽӦǰȫġ
ǡ
Ҫɽɲһ飬Ҫʮµʱ䡣ʱЩˣһ֮Уû˾Լܹٷְٻ


111 ɽ
ӳô죿ɿʵ
ʱͥԺڶһƬȻҲüͷ
ϽӦ̷̡ǣط̣ûͨϽѩ·ģֻзׯһ
ֻҪ뷵ׯĽǲȽ뵽ɽΣС١ͲС
ѡ뵽ɽ
Ȼʱʮ־ᣬɽĿԲԶշɣȴ˵ĿȻĿҲ
Ⱥ˵ʱ죬һ·ϻӮ˵ءʱ򣬲ɶϣܹһ⡣
ͻȻһ
Ȼ˼æתͷ㿴ʮŴŷȥ
׳ѿڶǶʮǵͷ񻪷ͻ֧飬Ϊ׵Ǹǰ档
ιֵܣܰԵĴɤҹģȥĶ
Ǹͷһܰԣͷϵɽ
ͥԺھһÿ˶ĿŶʮ˰ȻȥȻһ
ʢ
ո˵󰡣
ôǶԵģҪɽǳ硣
ǹ

һҹߣ˶ܾᣬһ۾úһȺֳ
һѡ¿˵ڶأɽ
ÿһ˶Լ뷨һѡ£һǲðգտΣգҶϧǾô뿪᲻áԱ¹һûзٹɽ١ҲԾͽۿһӵġ
ڶ˾أһϧļһҲžȥϢ֪Լҵĳóø⣬ɽǴ£ҲԼҳ˽øࡣ
˾ǰɽ˼Բͬ
еȻ㣬û˻ͷ·ͷȽɽΣأҷ֣ǾһұҷֵĿԷǳǾͲùɽҲɽأ
е뷨ͬ
ɽ㷺ĹпɲΣգŻԵĸ϶ȱˣرΪ˻Եԣв˲ѡɽϣܹ
ȻȻѡɽշҲɽ̶̶ѡ񲻹ɽ
бɽɽУȻ̧ͷŷɽ̤ǰһ뵽ɽһת󻪵ķ
磬ڵ
δ룬ĲѾˣͷˡ
ֻǶʹһ̤ɽ֪Ժҵͽˡ
ת̤ǰߣ
ܰԣǹ⣬׳ͺɽνʧڷɽĴ֮䡣

Ҷȡ
žϥڲݵϣ೤ĺ³һ۾һĳ
ѾһˣѾ˿ʮˣǷȴֻǿϣҪ֮ǰٶȾž侪ϲǾʮͲͷٶȣͲܴﵽľ硣Ʊػᱻϳ
а̧ͷ˺һߣʫʫһԴ뿪֮ʫʫŬ˺ܶ࣬ΪҲž䲻òʡ
Լʺʦ٣
ЩӣٵûҶȣҲ֪ǲǶʦˣ
ž΢΢һüͷܾЩͷƺΪ˰鲻һеˣʿԵⷽ潲һԵǿ
ʦһʲôܱ죡
ҡҡͷ̾Ϣһʦĺܺã֪츳һЩؼǽʱˣǳĵĴʱϵıž仹ԼıӰž̬ѹԼƢᣬžижѡ
ֻڵϣž仹ﲻʲôæԼȥʦ㣬Ҳˡ
ջĿ⣬ֽĿ˵⣬ķ
Ҳ֪úδˣ¾ͱϳˡǶˡ
ֽĿϽķ򣺡ôˣôһϢûУڻϽ·ϳ˰ɣ˵ҲӦøԴˡ
ߣ
žͻȻƺһϵļⶼΪʹŤڲݵϡ
ಡ
ʫʫԽžߣӣе
ʦܣôˣ
ž³һû¡
û£ž԰׵ɫʫʫץס󣬹һɫ԰
Ӧ̫۵ˣͲҪˣϢһɡ
ţžͷҳȥתת


112 ʥŮ
ҲãȥɢɢģҪҪʦ㣿
ãžվʫʫڰ̧֣Źȿȥ
ʫʫվڲݵϣžʧıӰ̾Ϣһૣ
ʦ֣ʦ֣ʲôʱʫʫ̫ˣ
߳˹ȿڣž佫ְϣѾʹˣ·͸ûʹһ㡣
ǣʹȴ
ڷţһֱǱĽƺҧһ¡˴Լһӣɫȫָ˸ǻ۵Ĺâ
ܹƣѵʥŮˣ
ʱž߳˵ĿĹˣûпˣǽŲȴͣεĵطȥ
ٴǸٲԵ֮Ȼϥ˫ĿĬĬȴ
ɫ
žȻ̧ͷоȣѾʮרעˣȴ֪ʲôʱԼԣ
ҪɱԼԼôĶ֪
žɲǰˣ֮ʶ̫ĵʿЩʿ棬Ǹ֡ǣٴμ诣ãԼڵЩˣ¶诡
ȻҲ֪ڵʿûʲô֣诵Ϊô˿죿
ʱ课Ӹ¿ž䣬Ŀⷺâһʵˣû뵽㾹Ȼɱϳɺͯ棬ƭƣôҪҪԽƣ
žɫ糣ȴŵһȣ诡
ʥŮ
аɣֻҪ㲻±¶ݡʥŮ
ֹסž䣺Խ诡
žɫžȴ΢ɡｻ棬ȴžжϣûɱ˼Ҷϳɺ֮ͯҲֻǻɺթԼ
诣ϳɺͯ飬Ҳٽ͡Ѿƽ͹ˣҲһֲغת
ɭȻΪһ𣿡
ž΢΢ҡͷŲûϵֻܱ֤˵ʵûбҪɱϳɺͯ档
žָָԼࣺΪŽƣɱϳɺͯҲܰǡԸûбҪ
㲻ҪˣǴ󻪣ĵϽʿϡƽﲻϽ
诵ɫѿٻҲƭҡϽ˽̫ˣǹֶΣ֮ǰǿԴϢġ
ڻ˵ʵڷҸĻᡣȻˣȥɣ
ҲûмʲôٶžȻڵϣ˲亹罬ʪ͸Ǹոմˮ̳һ㡣
ϢʹžɤۺǺǷȴ˵
˵ʵ诵ǳ
žҵĲѾʼˡȴطſ˵ϣȻһһ˫ֱϵļⶼھΣɸˮסص䣬ѾʪһƬھǿһһ
һ˿죬ʹǷܡڰ󣬱شǿžģȴҪ
ʲô
诵ֳһ˿м
ڽƵҧ£
أ
û£ܹ
˫ֱۣϷʵؿž䡣
Ǻǡ
žɤ﷢ǿͰĺǺ˫۵ļͬһžһһſű˶ţȻһһվΪֿʹϵļѾȫŤһ˫۾˲ͼᶨ
žվ
ž˫͸Ųȴһ£߶ƣͬʱеȵ
˵
ۡ
žһѪֱšǰȻһĻ
ž
Ѫ˹ĻϣһѪžҵҡΣദʹҪſڵǿͦԼȻŬشԼɤ⼷
ɷҪⷬ裡
飡
žԭվٲ±ߣʱһԾ£ƥҲٲΪ£ͬһڵһ·׹䡣
ɫһ䣬һԾͬһֻ׺ףž׷ȥֻǰ֮䣬Ѿ׷ž䣬һץסžĸ첲żͱ㣬ӯ˵֮ϡ
䡭
ٲˮ̶ڣ죬ˮӿֹȥŨʪɽϸˮ˿ͬϸ꣬ʪž诵ͷ
ֹͣʹƣž˫ַϥǣڴڵشŴ课ؿž䣬΢΢üͷ
ϳɺͯĲɱģ


113 
ǺǡžʹʧֱЦɱҵΪɱǣ
ֻ֮һףΪһƱ䶪ʧĲ֣ǽڵĽơ׵ֻҲֻҲΪ˿к顣ȻҴӦ˽ףȻŬȥȻңҪɱңҪҵĽƣԺɡ
ԭıγɵĽף˽ơҲҵĵߣǵĶҿ԰Ѱң飬ˡΪҲٽǵ衣
ɷˣ
诶˰죬ͷãһΡԸܾ֮Ľס
ӹһǸԴ
žӹ˴˻ֻбߣԼԼ
˲Ҳӣž޴ٲƺʧ񡣰죬诿ڵ
ЩԴ㹻ͻƵģܷʮ֮ǰͻƣͿԼˡܹͻƣڵһһԴڵӦеĵλ㲻Ҫ񡣡
žָָ̧Լ࣬Ǹ˼ǣҸ
ûᣬ˵ɹΪһƱʧĲ֣ұضջؽƣһһԴΪǸ⡣ǣʮ֮ǰûͻƵձϳҲûлŵıҪˡ
žɫѿƫͷһۣȻ
֮Ϊ֮
һ˦η𣬼Ϣ֮󣬱ʧӰ
žʧķ򣬴ֻս૵
ҵһҪԼУԲڱ˵У˭У
תȥ
һӰһٴٲԱߣžʧķϱûб顣죬ૣ
Ѿһ֧СӽҹӥСӣҺܿͻҵλҪǲݵãֻܹҵС

žѾˣ诸ԴžоԼΪٶȼӿ˲٣ֿһϣһ£Լܹʮǰﵽ֮鲻ɴá
ಡ
һӰ˷ҶȹȿڣȻɽžӺվֳЦݣӭȥ
ʦ֣
֨ѽ
Ŵ򿪣ʫʫڳſϣ㶫ȥ㶫ʫʫͷȻž
ɽ󣬵Ҫɳһ֧ǰɽεʿУܵʦӡʦöڶڣ׼һ£
žһüͷʦ֣ܹʦֵĸˣʦֺͶʦֶ˳ȥʣҪǳȥ
ָ񣡡㶫˵
ǴӦˣʫʫ
žȻף㿴Ѿת뵽ڵʦ㡣εת㶫ЦЦ㶫Ϊ
Ͻʰһ°ɣһҪȥ֪ͨˡ
ʫʫķ䡣
Զʫʫɫƽžɫһ˿ǣһ˿ġ
ʦ㣬ʦ֡
˵ʦֲҳȥ𣿡
ǣֻǶʦ뿪ʱǧġžɫ档
Ҿ㣬벻ȥɽ
žĬȻƬ̣ûԼ뷨룡
Ϊʲô
žû룺ʦ㣬Ҳ֪ڵ״Ҳҵ츳ֻǬһ̫ˡԽڵٶȣʦ˵ܹʮ֮ǰﵽԪľ𣿡
ܣ
ʦ㣡žɬôҲһ˵ôɴ̫࣬ˡ
ʫʫһۣⶼˣ㻹Ҫһ£ʦ̫ʧְˣ
ˣžεԳһ˵˵ҼͰڵ֮󣬱ضᱻ뿪
Ҳ룡
ҪԵ
ɽǻԵҲһڷɽҲڷɽԵҵΪͻͽԣȥʦûбҪٶȣضڵ
ڵͲҪԵ𣿡ʫʫĵ˵츳ʿһץһѡҵ״㲻ǲ֪Ҫѵ٣ֻԼǿڵŻȨͰҵ츳ҲһֱڵҲ뱻ʦֺͶʦչһӣֵչҡҪǲս
ԣɽΣأҲǻԵ֮ء
ڷɽУǴӴҵԼС
ԣҪȥ


114 ض
ҵҪԼУžૣɫǸдãʦ㣬ʦȥɽ󡣲ǵҲǰŸ´񣬱ĹҪСġ
ףʫʫɫء
ž촽һ£ʵֻΪҪʫʫ£ô¶
ջûʣоһЩעȻž뿪ʫʫķ䡣ԼķݡԼݵǰȥƷ棬ͣ˷ϣתͷ˴ķ
δ룬ҪȥɽˣҲԺչ˲ˡ

ظ
߽ҹδķڡ
ҹδڴϣϥĿ
죬׼ʼռֳǸ
µķռڵĹѾܹɹˣռڵ룬ѾһСˮ̶Ǹˮ̶ھ㶼Һ̬ľⶼÿԼʶڹȻռ˽ȥ˴Һ
ڣҹδѾʮš
ռڵķڶھƿѾ뵽΢гɾ磬ҪռڵҺԼѾһһصʶӵеľڹ֮󣬻ʣࡣ
ڷĹУǸռֳıȻûȫŪףҲһ˿˽⡣ƺӵŸԵĻֲôҹδ뻳Լжϡ
ǲôţռ䡣
û֪쿪ʼֻ֪ͨѾߣԼҪչأκ˽
Ѿ߾ͰС⣬һһҡ
ڵĺԽԽϸš
ҹδ뿪ʼ˹
ȡ쳣˿˷ѡ
ѹ۾˿ߣ쳣ٶȼ졣
һ˿γɣͬһϸСʶεԽԽ࣬ﵽҪ֮ҹδ㿪ʼ֯
쳣
һѸٵɣһֱ֯һģһ໥һһͼ˳Ȼֻһǣȴ֮·ͨһ֮š
һʱ
ʱ
ʱ

ǰĺڰΪŨ֮ʱҹδ֯һơ
ɡ
ˡ
űʼʶڻתʶĿռڱһ˲䣬ҹδķкۣȻӿҹδʶ
ڵͬĻִء
Žֵţһţһôİӡ
СĻ򣡡
Ȼ䣬˶ס˽Ų̧ͷźĻҹȥ
Ļҹգʱȴ·һɴںɴĺ·һĹâشӺɴ͸ԽԽԽԽ
󡭡
ǺĻͻȻ©۶ɸӣǧ˿â
ǹ⣡
һ˿˿ǹǰĺڰжȻֳŴشŴظظĵ߽ҹδķ䴹
ҹδʧˣһǹָǡͬһŴ׹䷲ԡ

ŵû£еĵ˵ϣȼ
ǣһַ·Ǵǹⴹʱ쳣ݣһϢʱ䣬ҹɫָֻ˺ڰ
ʮ֮߸ֳһ߹⣬̶һĨǰס
ˣ
ϥڴϵҹδ룬һǹһ˿˿ҹδڣҹδʶա
Ǳͬһǳһҫԡ
ǹ⿪ʼͣűͬһ㡣
񡭡
һȦһȦʶڵͬСڶҹδʶ쵽£·
ǡ
ҹδоԼĸ֪ɱˣֻҪԺϵ
ʶٴˣ϶ƺ׽ˡ
Ƕضͣ
ôܣ
ҹδԼЩˣһƷʦпܴﵽһһصľ磬Ҳǵһʵϣﵽ˵һƷˮƽҲͣƷʦˮƽϣǾľȴѾﵽƷʦˮƽҲ˵֮ǰҹδ룬һƷƷʦݣھϴﵽƷʦľ硣
ƷʦҲ־ƷһƷƷΪͣһƷΪߡʿﵽһƷƷʦˮ׼ҲӦþﵽͶˡֻдﵽ˶ͶأпܳΪһƷʦһֱܶͶأǾһӵĴʦˮ׼ˡ
ǣƷƷʦ
Ŷ
ҹδѾƷƷʦˣѾͨ˿ˡǼˣܹһһؾˣضͣû˵
ԣҹδҲˣԼԼŵˡ


115 ǿ
죡
ҹδ뿪ʼת칤
Ҫ˱һǶͶصʶһʲôЧ
һСʱ
ҹδ۾˫Ǿϲ
Ч̫ǿˣ
Ǵ
ʶ󣬶ͶصʶģչΣÿһζչһܲ
ʶĽʲô
ɵľˣ
ͺñԭʶˮͰˮףװˮһ
ɵľʲôô
Ǹʿ֪ôȥˣ
ȱǳ־ã࣬սʱҲֵܹʱ䳤ұҲ㡣֮ܶǸˣ
ξǾ
ǾӾ
ͺʶû̫ϵˣǺͱֱӵĹϵ
ԭҹδ칤ʱվ뵽ʶȻ󲻶ϵԼþøӾ
̾ˣЧҲѡҲΪʲôʿһιʱôʧܣΪž٣һѹûʣ¶ˣͲˡ
ǣ˱֮Ͳͬˣ
ʱ򣬱սʶľαգԶϴϴľ³ϴʹľ侫Ҫ֮ǰٱ
ô֮ʲôЧ
սøˣ
ֱӹϵһʿܹ߶ԶľȲʿע߲ԶġҪߵøԶֻоԽʿߵԽԶ
ҲΪʲôʿտʼʱ򣬶ҪһƷߵıΪƷԽߵıϴʹЧԽá
ǣҹδ뷢֣ԼϴʹЧõó档
ҲеıϴʹЧܲֻбսʶľİ뱶һҲǶιʧ֮󣬲òѡһףǱƷ͵ʿΪͣͲǰԭ
õЧʮ
ⶼǼصġ
ǣҹδ뷢Լ̫ͬˣϴʹЧﵽٱ
ս͸߳ʿ̫ˣԾ׶ս˰
ǣʶһֱΪתתɲһЧûС
ôЧʲôأ
ûбʱҹδҲֻ칤ʱ򣬲Żľ˱֮󣬱㷢˱ʵĲͬ
ҹδ벻ǱͨתҲһֱľҹδľ
仰˵ҹδ벻ΪҲ
ǣأ
һ칤Ǳתþ͸ˣպʹٶȾ͸ˣǰҪٱ
ֻЧҹδϲ

ҹδ೤³һһƣûУȡ
ʣ¿̻ڹͷϵķˡ
Ҳ֪ܲĨȥԼͷϵķƣ֪һĨȥˣԼ᲻
ԼܲܰռĹͷȷؿ̻һģΪЩ£һֱռ飬ؿ̻˶Σȫû⡣
ҪҪھ
ҹδ̧ͷ⣬ýûж
͸͸˽ҹδ̧˴
ڵڴѾ߻Ȼƿţϲ
С㣬չؽˣ
ţҹδһѾߵķϴһ˵һСؽ׼մءˣȥǰ棬ش˵һ
ϴϵҹδߵ˵д裬ԽԽˣȴѹơԭڱϣҹδ֮¾֣ٶȸ죬˪ʴ
˫վһ߿ûûɶˣΪҪʼչˡ
֮󣬲
Ҳűִͣһ
Ҳʵһ֣
ߣδҴһŰ㡣
Ǻǡ
δ룬ô
ˣҹδҡҡͷҽ׼ʼչأҵĸ֪ͨһ¡
ģ
ţ
Σ𣿡
ӦеɣƵĹУǳ飬Ҳߵѡ
ǡҪΪҹδ뻤Լд顣
ɣ㿪ڵԺһǰҹ޷ҹ
ãһͷ
أæ
øɶɶȥܰƨæ
ҹδЦûʲô¶
ʦҲҾ⣬𣿡
ҹδûҪɣŲֿ⣬ҪҩʱĵʦͳʦҪʲôҩģȡ
ãͷ


116 Ĩ
Ȼҹδ˵ıչأ֮ǰҹδֻ˵ˣ̫ôţǴʱҹδʦͳʦ׼ˣˡ̽
δ룬׼𣿡
׼ˣǷġˣش磬Ҷıµ뷨
ģʲô뷨
ͷĽϡ
۾ôϵģ

ҹδȡһֽݸ㣬ֽϱǻռơ㼤ؽӹֽչҲ˹ֽ˹ȥ
Ȼһ¾֣¾ֵֻһ󷨣󡣵¾˴ȴһԲεķֻͬ۾Ƕڲ¾ֵϵˡ
һֻ۾΢ı˪һֻ۾΢Ѹݷ
⡭пյ뷨
Խ۾ԽȻ֪ЧΣǿžһȫµ뷨
Լԣ
ͼֽȥͣ͡ȥ㣬껺Ͱҹδ뵽߽ҹδǽʦͳʦһȻ󷿼ھʣλʦ
ǻʦ׼ʱΪҹδ״
ҹδ˴ϣһ۾зͷ
ռ䣬Ĩȥҹͷϵзơ
һصռɢ˳ҹδоԼʼ˥ԽԽ˥Ȼﵽһ̶֮˥ٶȴȽ͡ռֹͣĨȥƵж
ҹδ̽Լȫ
Ȼ
ԼͷϵķƶʧˣʧֱӽǣԼ쳣ӽǣڲϵ˥
ľˣ⾭ȵȵȵһ֮֯ϣʵзƵġһֱ֣ռΪʲôֻһϵķƣûи֯ķƣ
ˡ
֯ϵķƶһΪϵķƾһзƵĻҲ̥Уһȫγ֮ȳֵķƱڹϣȻ֯γɷơ
Ҳ˵ϵķģ֯ϵķƣǹϵķƴġ
ˣǹͷϵơ
ͷϵƱռĨȥˣ֯ķƾʧȥ˸ͬʧȥ˸һʲô
Ȼ
ڵҹδ״ȵе֯ϵķƣһٶȱǳʧ
ٶҲȫʧһ졣
һȫʧζʲô
ζ
ҹδţŷʧԽԽ࣬ʧٶҲضԽԽ졣һ£ҲֻԼһµʱ䣬ͻ
Լһµʱܹ¿̻ķ
֪
ҹδĲ֪
ռڵʱǾֹģĲ֪Լ̻һĹҪʱ䡣
ҡ
иӵǡ
ΪԼʶڵľձüΪֻһˡ
ԹŷƣЩƻסʶڵľʹʶڵľй¶
أ
Թû˷ƣҲסʶڵķơûбڲϵԶվʶڵľò˶þͻȫй¶һա
ˣû˾ҹδ뻹οƿ̵̻ƣ
ɣ
ڣǸЧҲֻ΢ʤй¶ٶȡ
ⲻҹδ¡
һ£ҹδûȹͿʼĨȥ˹ͷϵķƣһ
϶˰
ûռڻܵҺһʲô
ʶڵľ϶ұվٶҲֻʤһͻܲ˶پҲˡ
˱
ռڻܵҺ
δ룬δ롭
оںԼԶ翣ҹδ֪ΪԼ̫ԭ򣬷۾
δ룬û°ɣҹδ۾һȻǸʦȵ
ʲôأ
Ǹʦæǰָҹδϡʱ㻹һĵʵ
δ룬û°ɣ
û£ҹδ˵㲻Ҫ
ããҲ
Ȼͱͣһҹδ룬һǸʦ
ҹδҲǸʦĵǣԭڷڸҹδ뻤ǺȻ͸оҹδϢ˥ǰ֮󣬷ҹδɫȲ԰ףϢ˥ӵԡŲɽʦ˹ʱҲĿǸʦ
ԼӺǸʦſҹδ룬ã
񡭡񡭡
ʹʲô㼱ˡ


117 
ǸʦɫһæЩ׼ҹʦĸѾȫˣͨ˶磬˿»¡
飡һץסǸʦ죬Ŀ͸ɱ⣺˵ʲô˵һ飿
Ǹʦɱһݲϵҡ
֣
ҹδȵʱѾЩӦԼ壬Ȼܹû⡣ֻһһúܴ
飡
֣ĵʦ˫أģȿֱ¡
ҹδһۣȻǸʦͰϣάã
ˣʲôҩģ㶼֪ҵʱܽһһٷ
ʦüͷ˼˴Լӣֱҹδ϶ֳͷ
ÿһٷ٣Ӧܹάְꡣ
ꡭˣ
δ룬ġʱɫˡ
飡
űƿ˽ʦôˣ
𳳣
ҹδǳ⣬̱͡һ˽ȴ׼һ۾ȥֵҹδ԰׵ɫɫɴ䣬һ˴ߣ
δ룬㡭
û£ҹδҡҡͷڳԹ
˵һ۵ʦǸʦҹδ˼ҹδĿı£ͷ
ҹδ˵ӽ𣬲ҡҪʲô飬ңʲôҪ˵ڴߺҵ֣Ǿҡǿһ£ҵҪ
ң
ãס˵ͷ
ҵ鲻øǼ֪ˡ磡
ãҴӦ㣬ʲôӦ㡣ôӦ磬һҪû¡
û£ǵΪʵϲõʦǾܹ֪죬֪һҵϢǲ֪ˣ
õģ
û첻ˣ
ãû¾ͺã
ˣҪˡסҪҡ
Բ
ҹδڴϱ۾ʦŰȥȡҩģ׼ͳʦоȥˡ
㣬δ뻤ȥ͸١
ô˵δ벻ð˵ȥ
ǡδֻһСѾͷ˵Ͳ˵ˣ֣Ӧøаա
ҡͷܹδɫаա˵δܡٹ۲켸죿
ԥһðɣȹ۲һ죬һȥ١
ǡ
Ҳ˵ģҸɡ
ŵŵɡҴҵˡ
ҹδʱѾȫڿ̻ƵУ۳һ񵶣Сֻ˲Ϣʱ䣬;ȿ̻ͷǵķơ̻ͷǵķƣֹܹʶڵľй¶Ͷһݰա
˵ʵҲû֪ռڵĻҺ
һΰ
֪ഢһЩˡ
ҹδտʼ̻оһϲ֮ǰֻռ̻˭֪״£񵶺òʹ
ʹ
ǳҹδϲŵҲȶ˺ܶࡣ
ֻǡ
ҹδпЦ
̫˷Ѿˣ
ŵŵɡ
ܿ죬˻ͷ󺹣վҹδĴǰ֪ҹδϢȻĵǣӰ쵽ҹδ룬תͷ㣬ѹ
ûоδϢǿ
̾Ϣһѹδ˵죬Ŷãаʱ𣿡
ŶҾǵİ
˭İǱɣӰ쵽δ롣
ͣһѹδ˵ǹǹʧ˰ɣ
ô֪
ֱͣôվڴǰֻ۾ڴϵҹδ롣
ʱڼžзɿţȻɫʹ۾Ȼ󽹼㣬㿴δɫǲǸӵز԰ˣ
ͿˣɫҲøѿĿǵǡ
ʱҹδʶڵľһգһռڵһλҺаӤȭͷǾ뵽ʶһӳɫú˺ܶࡣ
ֺˡȵ
һһէġܱܲ죿ұŵܲˡ
ͣһ㷴ǿˣ
˵δһɫ԰ףһɫΣΪʲô
ô֪㡣
ķҲķԴδ֪֪ҹδΡ
һôķйȥˣҲûԷҲվڴߣɴһ˰һš
ϣҹδԶ˹ͷǵķƿ̻֮һû˿


118 
ռ˽Σ˸տʼСˮɣˮֳܹһ˿ע״Եڵʱҹδͣ׼ڽſ̻
Ȼһ飬ͬô
ҹδֳŴҪǸоԼĺ飬ֱ۵æֲҹδ˳չЦ
û£ܺã
ҹδЦݺܲãĺܺãǳá
ȻָĲ壬顣
һʵ飬Ѿ֪Լȫܹ¿̻ƣҲܸȻ֪ܸ֮Լһʲô״̬ռûʧ
ǳڴ
ҹδ԰ֽŵЦݣ㶼һʹ̾Ϣһ
δ룬ͱҪǿˡ״кãܺã
ĺܺá
ããĺܺã컹ȥҸ
𣡡
ҹδ뼱æֹ²͸¶ȥΪҹδԼ֪ܹ¿̻ƣܸҲֻܹǶԼ
ԱЧ
ΪԼûа취Ĩȥ˹ͷϵķƣֻռܹռԼʶڣҲֻܹĨȥҹδͷϵķƣĨȥ˹ͷϵķơ
ԣͲ壬һͷ­ȥԼɺܴ鷳˵ɱ֮
ֻΪԼ˾ͺá
磬ĺܺã֪ˡԼԼ
ģ
ģ
Ƭ̵ͷãҾ͵졣δ룬˵ð֮㻹ҾҪȥ󸮳
Уҹδͷ磬ش磬ҵһҪܣҲ֪
Ϊʲô⡣
ҹδ룬֪ܵøһͣر㣬ǵĻɡһת⣺
Ҳ֪Ҳȫ˷
ţ
ôȫģ
ô֪һɵӵģҹδ롣
룬۾һۣǷ
ԣҹδͷҲ֪ҪıǴܾǸЩȻĵطǵǰ£ȥʵϣȥ󺣣Ȼ˼Ҵ˵Ϊô󺣱ضҲǷ
룬ȷʵôһ¶
ʱҹδÿڼ۵ģΪҹδ˱ȥĴɢġҹδ뻹ԸȥٰȰȥ˺ߡ
ô
ͳδȥˣ
԰δ룬㲻ԸȥҺòȥİ
ҹδ磬ɫδ䣺ǰҲû뵽ҵ˺ߣȴͻȻ򡣡
㡭㶼Щˣﵽֿˮˮľ磿
֪ҹδҡҡͷֻǵһۿ󺣵ʱͻȻһǲˮǷƵĽڣֻһ˲ұ״̬гˣȥȥ״̬ˡԣҲ֪ǲۻ̬ԭ򡣡
Ĭ֪״̬
гж̣۳̶ʿһҲôһΡ
ûй
Ҳҹδԣ˵ۻߵʱ󺣣̬Ĵ
ǡأ
ҾͲͣԼ󺣣ո˴ϣ׼֮ĴվǸĴЩ֮ԳһЩ⡣ҽЩ⣬һṹһǿĴ
㶼һ
ҹδĹ⣬ֻһ⣬ҹδ뻹ѵģǾⲻ⣬ҹδڶιʱ򣬳ɹʻ½
˵ĺϢ
ǱʶУҹδһӣʮ꣬δˣܹȥѾˡҹδܷãֻҪſ˾ͺá
ž仹ҹδԻǲأ
ȴһ˿ź
ô˵ҹδһιʧˡҹδҪٴιҪ̫ࡣʧһΣҹδͲòѡһƷʲıˣδͱðࡣ
ǣеҲ²٣Ͼҹδˣ
ܲ죬һҪұܡҹɹˣȻ˵֮ǰҲ뱻˴š
һͷ˽ӣ

ھͰҹδ뵱һӣΪһϵ⣬Զδ


119 ϲĿʼ
˵ȥҲ⣬һӣ԰ض˻Ӱ쵽ҹδ롣
ֻҪһ룬Ӿ۵һ𡭡
˾ʹһ£
ֻҹδԼҲԼ̣Σյĳ̶ȡ
һ˵ҹδ͸ˡ
ԲУ
촽һ£ҪȰҹδ벻ҪоǸˣѡһƷʵ͵ıɣϵʧܣṩѡԽԽխ˵þֻܹѡһƷľˮ¡
ǣǱ͡
һӣȰġǵԺһɡ
˵ͷӦҹδģԼѻı»Ǻ˵
ԷҶˣ
ԣԣԷ
ƿţԸѾϷܿ죬Ѿ߶ŷǸʦҲŽˡҹδ극ָҹδһȷʲôȥ
ҹδֻص˴ϣʼͷϿ̻ơ
ȥ
ҹδ̻ͷǵһơ
̾͸о˲ͬ
ʶڵľţҲЩҹδ뾪ϲǣվٶȼӿˡ
Դӹı֮󣬼ҹδ벻ʱǱҲԶľﵽĿģֻЧֻ칤İٷ֮һЧ
ڲͬˣ
Ȼ屶˱ҹδ벻ÿ챾ԼվҲܹﵽʮ֮һЧʮ൱칤һ졣
Լ칤أ
ҹδ˫ۣһΪԼˡʱԼæ
δ룬ôˣ˽ҹˣûð
ҹδǿҲûϥáһҹδƣɫɴϲ
죬ҹδÿ˳ٷ˯еĵĲС쿪ʼˣǲǺˣ
Ŀҹδ룬ʱҹδѾʼת칤
ֻǸոתҹδбǿϲһǿѹеĿϲϸϸӦ칤
Ȼ칤ЧҲ屶
ˣҹδٶȴﵽ˵屶Ҳ˵ҹδһ죬ڱ졣
ο
ÿʣʱ䣬ʶڵıɻ᲻ϵվٶȺֹ˵屶
ˣҹδһֻǿ̻ͷǵķƣȵԼȫķƿ̻֮ȫķƳΪһ壬ǸʱضһȻܴΪʶЧͷǲѾɣض
ʰ
ԼĻΪһţ
ҹδһͽʱҪĲǾܸΪÿԼ֯ķƶֻܸܹı״̬
δ룬û°ɣҹδ۾ٴνŵʵ
û£ҹδЦѾʼõķתˣ㿴Ҷܹˡ
˲ӣɵģͽкˣ
˵ˣҹδ뷭һۣû˵ȫˣõķת䡣õʦ֪ˣ˯ˣ
ҹδ˴ϣʼ񵶿̻ο̻Ǵ׵ǣֻҪ׵ϵķƿ̻ϣԼ״ضһԵĸơ
ҹδ룬Ҳҹδ뷽ŵľ״̬еĽ͵ֵһЩصϥãһһΪҹδ뻤
峿
ʦڸҹδԱΧ㣬껺Ͱ
ôʦɿָʱæʵҲڴʦ
ʦҲֳһ˿ЦݵҹʦȻûкãһڶ񻯣Ƕ񻯵ٶڽ͡
ڶ񻯣ɫһ䡣
ԣʦͷ˵֮ǰҸҹʦҩҹʦܹĻڻһӦû⡣
δ롭ˡ
磡ҹδû𣿶񻯵ٶڼ˵ںת
ǡҲڶ񻯰
Լֻʱ䣬񻯵ƾڼ㻹Ҫʲôаҵ᳹׻ָ
аգ
ԣҹδͷʦÿ춼ϣ㿴ǲÿ춼ںתֻҪһ죬ҵƲٺתͿȥҸΣ
˵ģ
ţ
ã
ͷȴʮǡҹδҲٽ֪ͣԼĽûáֻҪ翴Լÿ춼ںתû⡣

ǡ
¡
һɫĵĴнŲЩҴҵĺ԰ȥţ߹һƬСɭ֣ͣһǰһ̨ףƿ˷ţ˽ȥ


120 ׶
Ų㡣
ƿ֮󣬳ǰıһɫɮ۵ĴУϥڵϵϡ̧ŵĴУȻ۾ɫĵĴ˫ֺʮǸɫɮµĴʩһȻ¥ݣκܿʧ¥ϡ
ڶ㡣
һɫɮµĴУһۺɫĵĴУֱ۾֮ÿһ㶼һɫɮµĴУֱھŲ㡣
һɮµİϺУĵĴУϺʩ
ӣɽѶ˵Ƿɽˡ
ɮµϺȻ۾Ŀʵʣ䣬ȥϺгٳٲɫĵĴ̧ͷһϺУִͷĬĬȴ죬Ƿӿڵ
÷ȥ
ǣ
ɫĴٶʩ񣬵˳ȥ
Ͻƹȡ
һùֱʮף߲ʱôϣһ޴ݣ̦ͬ͹Ϊһ塣ݵΧһЩɫĹƳ档
ڡ
һϸƤƺ̫һ㣬ֻһ϶ɬ˻ƣ
ʥŮأ
վݽһŮӼæϸʥŮ뿪ƹжˡ
ϸٴοڵʥŮȥɽ
𣿡
ãɽһͲǶʱܹʧġ
ǣ
ѩ
ѩɽ
ѩ
һֺĺӴһſϣ»㱨һӵ
ʥӴȥɽ
ɽ
ۺһʮ˴ɽζ£ȥžʫʫȺС
һӰԶԶ˺档ĿʫʫıӰϡ
Ǹïʫʫɣ
ïӣӺͶӲٵŪʫʫ˵
ֻǡ
Ŀ˸
һʵǿ󣬵һᰡ
Ǻǡ
Ȥ
Ŀ˵ٵϣ
䣡ʫʫѹҪСĵ٣һ·ǲҪֿҲҪ뿪顣
ʦ㣬ף
žĿ˴δ룬СһȥɽĿԺСԺҵͽˡ
ɽ
Ȼǽ뵽ɽĵ졣
һֱٶǰУȥǽŵ΢ɣм죬Ǿܹɽˡ
ɽȻżһ£ȴʼûгֻ֣ÿεʱǶĻš
Ȼ̧ͷһǰǰӰ֧ǹĶʮ˵Ķ飬Ҳշɵ˶飬Ķǵ󣬻ʿ
ˡ
ɫһ䣺ֵˡ
ԣȻȻ
СģǰǸǹȻߺȡ
¡¡
𶯣Χޱ䡣
ǵҰУɽڱֻǻ㱼䣬Ƿɽͱʮ־޴͹һɽֱҪ֮ǰķɽ߳ʮ
عѣһѿĴߣ˵ҰС

ǵǰͻأسһٲͬӵҡ
ιˮһȻȻ
⡭ǻþġ

ظ
˫Ѿչʮˡ
ɽϢڲڸ߲ͨУҲ˴
̤̤̤
ͨںڵս׷ϣظȥ˴ţսӸСˣͬһһν˴š
飡
ƿţδ룡
ϥڴϵһۣҹδɱ۾ڴϣԣһƨһϣԼһ裬˹˵غ£豭һţѹ
ˡ
ʲô¶ˣ
ʮ첻ţϢҽյϢɽˡ
ʲô㲻ŵļٵģ
Ȼģˡ
㻤
ڵվͬһعγš
ƲƲ죬Ȼתͷڴϵҹδ룬̾Ϣһ૵
δ룬ô͸ʱأҪȥɽ
ҹδȻĻôȫĹѾ̻˾ųɣֻһɣ״Ѿͳ죬״ٶ񻯣һ˸ƣҹδܹȸ֯ϵķƣڹͷϷƵӰ£ڿʼط仯ЩƱøȻҲ¡
ȫµĸоȻûɸܣѾ

ƻʱ֣ҹδ೤³һȻһ˿˿ҷ˫ۣϲ
Ҫʱ䣬ܹȫܸ
δ룬ˣڵվŵ˴ǰ
ҹδӯطĿһɨڻ㣬껺Ͱ


121 
δ룬֪𣿷ɽˣ
ҹδʱ֮ǰƺڷ˵
ɽȻ֪˵ܹ㡣ҹδϱ䵱еʱǸʱûµʱ䶼顣ڷɽĴ˵֪Ļࡣ
ļУɽŴΣգҲŴԵ̧ͷһۼ
ȥ
ţɫᶨûбҲûдԴһӣҲɽΨһһλԵұȥڷɽߵõԵһɳ졣
δ룬ҲûˡߣԺͿˡ
ҹδĬƬ̵Ҽ죬Ҳȥ
ɽǡ
ϱ䵱С
һ˽ڹ̨󣬿Ǹվ
Ҫ䵱ʲô
̨ǰʩ壬Ǿĸװɣ
ǣ
Ǿʦ֡
ֳϲԵ
ǣ˴ӻȡһƿҩ˹̨ϣǾʦҴϵġ
ƿûд򿪣һ߸ţֳ˼֮ɫһʵ
ʦû£ֻҲ֪ЩһϣûʱҲǳΪ£˳ʦܸӵˣûл𣿡
ʵȻδ룿ʱűмҲͶȻҹӥСȥδ뻹ڴǱ߳Ա̸

Ǹλ˵£뿪ϱ䵱С
ɽ⣬һ֡
һ˺һϥ¡˼ͬʱ۾⣬һӰ˽Ǹոմϱ䵱뿪ꡣ
ӣΣǸ꿪ʵ
ϴˣЦžãһȻһҹδ롣ȻҹӥСӵĶӳԳԻǲݵ˲ҹδ롣ͷĿе֪ҹδĲˣڴʹסһ顣ԣֻҪסͻץҹδ롣
ڵǣʥŮѾȥ˷ɽǵʥŮϢھȥ֣
УҲ԰žĸץž䲻ܲںĸףֻҪžĸǵУûҹδ벢ûʲôϵ
Ǹ˼Ƭ̵ӣϼһʵΣ
һ˾ܶԸҪҶ𣿡
룬ջҡͷȲϼһʥŮеҹδ롣ԣҹδҪץϼһҲҪץȥץϼһֱӴƹȡҺɽȥץҹδ롣
ã

ظ
У㲻ȥ
ɫһȫû뵽ĽԭΪҹδֹȥȴû뵽ҹδ벻ûֹԼҲҪȥ
̫ΣˣȥǾһһ徳һȥʮ

ȥ㶼߲ͻ
ҹδ뵭һЦԵ֣Ե磬粻ƾԵɢҲԵԵҲԵ
˵ʲôһ㲻ȥ
ȥͲȥɡҹδ뵭˵
һ㣬û뵽ҹδ׷ʮ˽ԼãӾǿúܡСʵ
ǡǲǡҲȥ
ҹδЦ磬𣿡
ˣҡͷСסҡ
һʲôǰ׷
ڼž죬סҹδСֵδ룬ԭңҲµµΪһӡ綼ȥˣҲȴԣɽұضҪȥֻҷĲ㣬Ĳ塣
Ӧңչ˺Լչ˺塣Ҵȥ
ôɥҹδ죬һ˿ȿ޻ѿЦݣβ֪ɽգЦ
ҲӷɽΪһ֡
Ҳһ˿Цݣֻȴ֪˵ʲôΨнҹδСյø
ҲȥһԵͻȻڵ
۾һɿҹδС֣㣺̫ˣǽ飬ҲһӦ
ͷӻһݸҹδȥΪ֪͸һɡǷʦսȫԷϴùĹܹ٣ȡ㣬սš
ҹδĬȻһ£ֽӹллش硣
ǡߣ
ҹδҡҡͷٵȼ죬죬ҾͻȬһ
ˣ⼸ȥ´һӣֻ̻ƺơ
㡭ּоˣ


122 
ҹδͷЩпվ˼Щջ񡣡
ãȥվ
ǸͻȻȻҡҡͷˣ
ڵ˶˲껵뷨ΪȥɽǱҹδ룬Ǹ´ҲΥ̧껵ļ
껣չ˺ãܹŻضر
껵ͷʱѾǰɽΪԭͲ㣬㶼֪ܻܲŻԼȥɽĻزˡ
ģڣδڡ
ɰ껵ļҪչ˺δ룬ҪסҪܡ
껱㿴ҹδ룬ҹδһۣ껵ͷף
պ
ҹδǰһʱҹ
㲻ڣҹδ붼û̫ˣҲָֻϥڷ⡣
ҹδ뻺δоԼɣͨ͸̻һ֮еĹоԼһ̷·졣ʱϥڴϣϸϸּ֪ԼҲ˿˿ԼڣˢԼ壬ԼΪһ˿˿
˶о̫֪࣬Ǻ϶ȣȴܹоԼһ̣֮ǰ벻׵ĶȴǻȻͨ
Ч
֪ڵ츳ʲô̶ȣ
Ӧڶ츳ɣ
ϾռԼ츳ʣ
ͷ룬ھ֮ûʲô飬ȷԼ״ǲҲ˿˿ˢԼ壬൱ʱʲô̶ȡҡҡͷʱ£Ҫ֪һ£״̬Ȼо¶˾ϲ
ԭͷǸ֮󣬼ƽʱʱҲԶվʮ൱һ칤ڣ֮ЧһֻҪʮ죬൱ҹδһ칤

³һҹδ뿪ʼת칤
˿˿
һת칤ӵ뵽ʶ㱻תıգȻͷų
ּӿһԼһΣ൱ڱʮΣټƽʱʱ򣬱ԶգԼٶ൱ڱ˵Ľʮһ
ҹδԼСʱʶ
ҹδһҪչʶס
ҹδѾˣڵѾǶͶصľ磬ʱ׾ǶʶĹ̡
ԼҪԼֻһƷʦؿƷʦľ簡
ҹδҲû̫ļϾѾΣƲ⣬ӦԼܸЧôһζأΪԼոԺ󲻻ôˡ
ꡭ
ԼһСʱʶһ죬ȻһϵˬУʶһչˣԭжͶصĻϣչһʶӵļ֪͡͸֪ӵͷ֮ǰûĶѸٵӡ
ͻˣʦ磡ڲֻǷ֪ʶֻҪ֪ʶˣͻơ
չЬµء
ϥ̨ϵ껶˶Ȼδ룡
û£µػһ£ҹδ껱ֱ۾
ҹδվ룬˼ƣʼ
һʽڶʽʽ
ҹδϵϲɫʹʽȴʹʮ˳ûаֲʡ
ҵĸĺˡ
ҹδϲ䡣
һһʽЩ̰δйôãȴӯࡣ
顭
ڴ˫죬ҹδɫ
ʹ徳ˣ
ֳһ˿⣬ȻܹڵҹδͻƵ˴徳㣬Ŵ徳㣬ҹδôãˣҲӦͻˡ
첻Ϊ⣡

ҹδһһ飬ܹоԼһһĹУϵ
һСʱ£ƣһϮʹͣźվûٴͻơȻʧЦԼ̫̰ˡͻʵ̫̰ˡ

ŴͷϣҡҡͷԼվ̫ˣ徳㣬һ㼶
֮ͣϸϸ֪Զ뵽ڵ岻ϵسˢȻ΢ȴʤڳ־á
һ;¶δ֪ȴһָоԼҲò˶ãƾĳˢԼҲܹͻƵ徳㣬鲻ɴãϵЦֿ˻


123 Ʊ
ŻѾ߸Լˮһ裬˸ˬ·һ˯ⶼûУԿʼĴƷ˾Ʒͼ䡣֪оˡ
ŵŵɡ
˽Ųűƿ˽껺ͰҲ󣬱Ѿ߶ŷ˽ЩӣЩ˶ҹδķڳԷ
ҹδûڴϣǰ飬۾һ
δ룬ȫˣ
ţҹδ飬վ˵
̫ˡֵǸϽҺȥɽ
ҹδæȻȬ˵飬ȥɽ
Ǻǡ̲סЦڰڷѾ߶˫綶̵ࡣ
Էɣҹδε극͸
ãԷԷ
˷ܣҲΡȻڻЩҹδܹõıлΡ
㶼ļܿͳ˷۾ҹδ롣ҹδΣ£·
ȥǵıİɡ
ãԵȣ˵ӰѾʧڷ䡣
ҹδҡҡͷѾʰӣǱߵİѾʼΪҹδ׼Ʒߡܿ죬͸Լı˻
ŵһ˴ǹ¾֣Ǳӣûһ˿ơ
ǹҹδǰһȣ
ҹδ˫ץŴǹһᡣ
ó
ԼͻƵ˴徳㣬ò
ǹϣҹδ˼Ƭ̣׼˴ǹ̻һ˷
ƫˮԣҲǲǹŵ˷һǹһǹԭǸ˴ǹ̻ľǵ˷ֻҹδ׼̻ռĵ˷
ҹδÿѧϰʱռͨ
һԭеķһ𻵵Ĳֽиķһȫķһȫµķ
ҹδ볢ԹָķὫһ㣬ǻûгԹȫȫ·ҪĴǹ̻һȫȫµ˷
͡
ҹδ뿪ʼ̻ȫµĵ˷ֵ˷ռڶٷְٳɹʡڳ̻ҲûǺС˺ܶ࣬ÿ˵Ŀⶼҹδϡ
ǹǹϣʼһƣͬһ˻ڱεǹʮֺÿüսȭͷֲҳ
ǹ̫󣬿ŷѾ
ҹδ뻹ǹ˷СʱŽǹꡣеĿ̵
ȥԣ
ڴץ˴ǹ롣

ǹ֮ϾȻص𺣳죬Ƕ˻ģķƶͬһ㡣ֳ֮ɫ
㣬ߣһ
У
ҲҪ˴ǹһʲôʵ
֮ǰҹδͼֽԼ¾֡ͲǶ֣˴뿪Ҳܳȥ֣һۣ⶯ǿҹδ뽫Ǳ¾ֵӷϣֻԭأҹδ׼
ҹδʶѾأ̻һ˴ǹûĶ٣ſ̻¾֡
¾ҪǸ˴ǹС٣̻ȴǲ򵥡
ΪƺͷƵĽϡ

Ѿ˱ܼĽܼͬ꣬
ҹδȴΪеĿ̵ˮǿ̻ƣͬ¾ֵһ
󣬻ʹ¾ָӵ
һ̻ϣҹδ벢ûпʼ̻ǿʼڵһϵӵڶ󣬵ڶʼӵڿ̻һʱ򣬸˵ĸоͬһƽ棬һ֮ȴر壬ͬһһ㡣
̤̤̤
ŲͬʱҲ˷ܵĴɤţδ룬㲻һ
ȻֹȻŲᣬɱһĿУڨڨЦЦŵԣ¾ֿȥ
ʱҹδѾӵĲĿһȥƲˡĽص
Ư
ʱѾ˵ʲôˣ඼ͬһҵֻȴҹδĲ󡣶Ҳ¾ֵ˸һԲȦͬһ㡣һӾ뵽Ӧҹδ̻ĵط
ֽϡ
ǡܲνӰܣǾ̫ϧˣ
һͬͷɡ
ְСʱȥҹδͣһΧ˶ס˺֪ҹδҪʼ̻ˡ
͡
ҹδ뿪ʼ̻ۣ̻Ǳ˪һ˪̻֮ȻסԼ࣬Լ·Ҫɤ
Ϊˡ
ˡ


124 ˼
¾ϸֳһĨ⣬ͬһ¾ֵһһˣȻʧ
˵ʲô
˵νˣ㲻ȴζųɹˡ
ɫһҹδֿʼ̻ڶ˪
Ҫӱ˪
ҹδܹӵڶ˪ܹӣҹδȴһʦܲ
ɵģڵĵڶ˪ܹν
Ķͷʼ亹һĶ
ʵ֤ĵĵĶģڶιâ֣һһ˵ʱоԼͬվƶˣͷؽᣬȻ󡭡
ֽΪҹδֿʼӵ˪ˡ
ڱһңˣڵȵҹδɹν˵˪Ȼ󿴵ҹδҪ̻Ĳ˪ʵǵĵܲסЩͰ͵˵
δ롭㡭ˡ
ҹδͷҲ̧һ߼̻һ˵ǵӵĲ㣬˪ֻ㣬¾ֵ
ǡǡ˵Ѿˣˣٵˣһˣһ
ǣѾҹδ뿪ʼ̻ˣֻоĿš󱳶һë

³˰Ϊҹδڳɹص˵Ĳ˪ȴ˻ȥΪҹδ뿪ʼһۿ̻ˡ
ҹδ뿪ʼ̻Ѹݸҹδտʼ̻ĲѸݸʱֳһë
̫ĥˣ
ûиоôĥ
ҹδĶͬˮռڶ̻ˣûа͡
Ѿ緹ʱ䣬ҹδտ̻һʡ
ˡ
ȫνӣâţ¾ֶ
ԼϢʱ¾־ϣбѾ϶ֳ˾֮ɫ
ˡ
ľ˳ȥ¾֣ʼ¾֡
ˡ
¾ֿʼʡ
ء
¾ְ貵ĹâҲȥ¶
˻
¾ִϷΧѸӰ磬⣬ڵ¶ȶ½
ಡ
Ӱʧڷڣ

Ŵǹ߳⡣

ͬŽҹδ߳⣬վ̨ϣ㿴Ѿսһš
Ĵǹӿ粨ΰĻҴ󲽱ƽͻ
ȴʼպ룬¾һ㣬٣Ѹݣ̹ǡ
˻˻˻
ٶ̫죬ͬʮ¡

ֻǲӵʱ䣬¾ȥһͷͣ
Ҳű
ƲƲ죺֮ǰ㲻Ƶģ
ȻһͷظԼı
ҹδһ
δ룡Ŵǹ̤̤ߡúڼҡ
֪ҹδͷһȥƷ˾һЩƷͼ䣬ڼо
㲻ȥˣ
ŵŵɡ
㿺ܵˣҲΪ԰ֶӣܿͻˣһشӴȡ飬Ʒʦͼ䵽һƷʦͼ䣬ӡ
ҹδ뽫鼮ս˴ûȥҪȥɽˣһȥ֪ܻܲ
ԣһҶһ𣬳ԳԺȺȣδ˵˵ţ㶼ĬȥΪҶ֪һȥһ
š
ҹδվڳſ⣬ӰʧҰУתͷһ·ĬŻصظϷŷͼ䣬ͫȴ񣬸ûп顣
ҹδȥɽ
Լʮֲģһľ棬ƾʲôܹŻ
֪Լס磬ȻԸԲͬǶ⼫֮ˣһö⣬ûֹܹǲײǽͷͷ֣СʱΪƢĸûٱᣬʱˣᣬȻ˺ᣬΪĸ㲻ϴ󣬹ŲҲҹδΪûаᡣʵ̲סҪҲᱻ㻤š
ס磬ֵ磬ҹδҲȥɽ
Ϊռ䣬ҲռܹڹؼʱԼһѣǶһݻĻᡣ
ȷռ便᲻æܹæǼȻƲܰæҹδڼ硣
׼ĸ
ǡ
ÿ춼Լߣаƨ棬Լ޷ȥһ֪ԼҪȥɽܹԼ
ܹ뿪


125 
ܹ뿪ƾԼ壬徳㣬ʮʮ߲ɽ֪ޣ·;ôԶ
ޣҰҲܹˡ
ҹδ˼죬̾ϢһûһļƻĿ鼮ϡ
һЩʵɡ
Լ뿪ҲҪʵ
ʼѧϰƷȻ뵽ռϰɹ֮󣬱㿪ʼռڳʵгɹķŽ˴С
ÿ컹״򲻶칤
һ졣
졣
졣

ȥҹδȻûȥƷ˾ˣԼ֪ԼѾΪһƷʦ
һƷʦľ磬㿪ʼø£Ϊ˳Ϊʦ׼Ѷһࡣ˵֮ǰÿ֮ľͬһ̨ףƷһƷ֮൱̨ס
ҹδֻǼ򵥵ؿ˿֪ⲻԼʱܹѧġѾԼΪƻ׼뿪ظ
ҹδ֮ǰһţΪˣʱ䣬ȻԾףͻƵ徳Ĳ㡣
ҹδ˳ȥԺͤڣϥ۾
磬ôãǳȥתת
ã
ҹδŴȥЩҲƵĹǺ·ֽ˰߳ظţ˳Ŵ֣Ŀĵš
ǸӦþҹδɣɽʵ
ظб棬ɽǸһڣҹδıӰ˵ͷ
Ӧǣһ˸档
壬ѾˣܲôȥɣǲǽϽȥ̽̽
°˼ŵԾ
ôԾˣ
ûмɣ
ֲʶô֪ɽҡͷ
³һ֣ѹ죬ֻظ˳֮û˽
ҲŶɽͷѵǲڣ
ڲԾ֪ˣҹδ뿪ǻᡣš
վΣظȥ̨ףץסŻû¡
СŴ򿪣һϲͷڣ˭
˺Цʣڸѡ
үڣ
ڣֳź֮ɫȥĶˣڴ˼졣
⡭ϲͷֳΪ֮ɫҲ֪үȥĶˣʱڻز
Ǻðɣˡ
źת뿪ϲͷڱ󺰵մүҺү
ͷҲᣬڰȥϲͷعСš
ڵɽҲվŶȥķȥһ䣬Ͷһ
ߣ
ȥĶ

һſֵڵʿֵ
λүϼҽַ
λϸ硣ʿϼҽַ˺ࣺܶڡ
ȥĶˣʲôʱ
ȥ˷ɽʲôʱ֪Ǹʿ̾Ϣһ֪ܻܲ
λɽʧ뿪ˣļʿۣ
Ҳǣɽǵضȥ𣿾һ
һˡԶ˸Ķѹ
ҿǾȥظſڶҹδ룬Ͷ֡ɽԾԾԡ
žһɽԴϣ׳հǲҪɱҹδ룬Ҫץߡ
ôˣɱףץȴѡ
⼸ѾˣظҲЩ¡ڣֻһȫȻûв
ȥŪǱظȫŪȻץҹδ뿪
˵ɽΪʲôҪظ˶Ū
ҵȻ֪ǶŪһʱû˷ظ¡Ƿ֣뿪ˡ

ҹδ˳Ŵǰߣƽֱͨ㳡ĵط껺ͰңôãԴϢҲΪˬ껻Ƿֳ߳ɾ۲ΧûԼְ𡣰ûûΣĴҿʱػҹδ룬ȻͿҹδ΢΢üͷɫЩأ
ʦôˣ
ղ뿪ŵʱҸоڶҡ
ţɫ̽ģûо
֪ҵľǿ󣬸֪񡣡
ҹδԼĸ֪ΪڵľѾﵽأʦ硣ʿֻҪ⿴иоܹоԼˣŶ⡣


126 ͵
Ǹ𣿡ûлͷʵ
ûУҹδڸо˶ңұͷųһ˺һ꣬ڲڡ
أ
֪ҵľ֮ǰһֱڲڣҸо˵Ŀкж⡣
ȥ˾
ҹδҲȷǲֻˣȥǵĻɡǼתһתȻȥ
ã
껴ʱȫľ̽ΧҹδʱЩɣΪһֱͷžûٷжĿ⡣֪УǱ˹㳡
ǳСӣǰɽҪʿӭ롣
ХСӣǰɽҪһʦƷϣӭ롣
СӣǰɽҪһʿӭ롣

㳡ϳһСӣԱ󲿷ֶǰɽҲСӡҹδۿеСˣ̿ΣǰɽеСˡ
ҹδ˴˹㳡һ䣬Ÿȥ

ҹδȻ׾ͽȥʱٸеĶ棬껺Ͱվҹδ󡣴Ŀ˸ɫ
˵ڶ㣿
ţҹδͷҵĸо
аڰֵýͣ㡣ûǧշģһɸǱĸУȡһݡ
лٸ
ҹ
ҹδ䴲ϣ۾ʱ׼
䣬ʲô֪ѾߣѾС˯š
Ժڵͤڣϥ
ظģżг
ꤡ
һҹɫʻͣظĺŴӰУ˴һƮΧǽ£֮һݣҶһΧǽڡҰһ԰ҹδסĵ߽԰һȻӣֻͬèһ㣬Ѹٵڻ԰д
͡
ƿ֮ϣ˵â¹»ҹգɽˡ
ۡ
ɽȻһֱ񾭣ǰ˸̫ˣҲ̫ǿˡ
Ҳ˴ǮȻ˰˸֣ɽ˲ͱˣ˵ϣȻ˹ϵҧ˲ڵĶҩ
ˣ˸еһ˵ƤƵˡ
ͷô죿
Сʬȥٸ㱨ȥҹʦǼ䡣
ŵ
ͤϡ
վź԰ײķȥ
ڡ
ҹδѾӴվڷڣĿ⾯˷š
ಣ
껴ͤǸʩˣ
t
˵˵һ䣬ҹδķȥûߵţŴ򿪣ҹδ˳ֵ
̴ˡ
ǶˣǷˡǻص
лˡ
̴¶ҹٸ븮סҹʦ׼һ°ɡ
ҹδɫ΢䣬ָȻͷס
̴˵ͷתȥ
ҹδ뷢һȻص˷ǰ̾һ
Ҫǰˣ
΢
ҹδ߳ţͤڵ֣硣
껼䣬ҹδǰ
̴أҪҪ׼緹
ڴԼһǰѾ뿪ˡ̴ںŷһƲ˲ɱģץġ
֮󣬴ˣûΣա㹻ˡ
ҹδͷǽݣº˵
ţ
߽䣬ҹδͻȻ֣һŷ껵ͷš
һŶ껵ΪҲܹסһʱ껱סܶڲԣоԻ󲻽⣬ΪҹδĿѯʵҹδ롣
ҹδȴûᣬֱصſڣŴһ죬һѾߵ
ȥа
ǣС㣡
ѾߵĽŲҴȥһӵʱ䣬⻽
ʦ

˽Ҳվڷڣ㷴ֹţʦ
һŶ˰ϣܶڲԡ
ҹδѾ׼˺һУ˳ȥֽŹϣѾߵ
׼˽ȥǡ
ǣѾ߶ʩ
ҹδݵشһ뿪ظĴţ˳ŽֵŹ㳡ȥ
ҹδ뻹ǵһһڴϣͷųԼ׷Բʲôͻ¼Ҳ巴Ӧʱ䡣


127 
ʦľһֱ׵ķΧʱû⡣ҹδ뿪ʼӿ˽ŲѾ徳˲٣һӶһڹ㳡ϡ
ʮ˶飬ȥɽҪͨڡ
˶飬ȥɽһҪ
˶飬ȥɽһҪʦ

ҹδ΢Ŀɨӣܿѡ֧顣Ȼûǰ߽һͬû˵ʱ򣬴ӴȡһɫĶϣȻӺͬ߳һ֧ʦĶȥ
ĸˣ׼һʦһ˶顣
ҹδߵ֧ǰȡƷʦĻ£ĸĸ˿ĸ۾һΪ׵׳
ӭСӡôƺ
ҹۣҹδ
ĸ˲һ㣬ΪǸ׳ĴָðԵ֡ܣҽкӷ壬֧Ķӳλ߸ȣһλǳ޲λý£ͨȴһƷʦƷʦȫˡ
óأó𿴳޲֣Ϊ
˴Ĵָ֧Сӵĳ򡣶һ֡
¸ƴҵơ㸺Ӫķ󣬻нԶ̵Ĺͷ
ҹδͷúܺѾ˵ı
ӷʹһ˴ǹȴһܣһ̵͡޲ŹҲذԶ빥͡±һʵһ㣬ΪʦһҪ˸оİ
㻹ʲô¶𣿡ӷ£ȥ죬һ̡
û£ҹδЦҵǼȥɽ
ھߣˣ𣿡
ûУҿһƥ


ھȥС
̤̤̤
ƥ˳ţʼСܡɽ󲻻ܿʧҲֻǴ߶ƥСǰС
ҹδ֮󣬸ѧȻͨȴҲǿľԲûʲôʡ
ҹۣʲôΪºҹδ벢СҲ˶䣬ȻҪһʦҹδΪΣǲ⣬ҲΪԽԽá
ҵΪߣֻд徳㡣
ӷ΢䣬ȻǲںҹδΪΪҲ̫ˡֱǺͨûʲô𡣱Ҳ֪˵ʲôãһʱ֮䣬ձЩΡ
ֹƬ̣ڿʼ˵ƺָֻ˴ǰӷǿڵ
ҹֻۣҪ÷ʦ¶ǽ˵ֳŴҵλȻЩǵһνһ֧СӣǵĿĲԣǽȥɽԵԣ֮û֮ڵɽ֮ǰû֮
ҪֻǺҲֻкǲܹƽصɽҪ֪ȥɽ;ƽ
ϣܹϺ
û⣡˷׷Ӧ
нҹδĻ˺ܶ࣬Ϊ˵˺ܶࡣֻżһԡ
ҹδ뵹ûʲôɥûʲôϱ䵱еʱÿ춼ӴͬСӣҲ̫Сӵ顣
һ֧С˵ʵıϡȻÿ˶ϣԼĶʵǿʵĶԱ࿴
ⱾһʵΪ硣
أҹδѾ˵ˣͱ˵Ҳٺ˵ҹδ볹׵ذ
ھظ֪Լ壬ȻһֱУʶڵıȴһֱվΪ֮壬ڲʱҲܹԶˢԼ壬徳
Щ˷ʱ䰡ϲ
˫΢΢ҡҡͷֻͷ·
̤̤̤
·вСӸ·ӷ˻ʱغĴкֻҹδûʶˣһ·ĬѾһָоӷĸ˹ƣⲻģǱʶԸΪ͵˽ύ
̧ͷɫʱѾǰɫǦīΧĿҲЩЩĳʪͳƣҪдꡣ
λӿٶȣҪˡӷһߴӿٶȣһ˵
ҹδҲӿٶȣѾԶԶؿһ䡣仹һξ룬Ѿ¡
ҹδ뻽Ҿ۹
ԭܽԱܵظӿһЩҹδּһŷγһֽ档
žžž
٣ŽڻϣȻ˳Ż¡ɫ׽˼һа
ΪȻЩǷʦȷʵð


128 Ĳ
һ˳˴ӣڴڵһſͣ£޲ţ
𣿡
˽Ų֨ѽ֨ѽش򿪣һ߾һɡڣһ˿塣
ʣ޲㿪ڵ˼ңǹͣ꣬ɷһṩһЩʳ
䣬ȡһ˹ȥ߼ǵ΢ӹ
λˣֻܹһ䷿
ʱʲô޵ģӷս˼ңǶ֮ˣһ£ֻ鷳˼Ҹ׼һЩʳ
ããλ
˽뵽Ժӣս˩դϣȻ뵽䡣
Ĳ󣬵Ҳϯضġҹδǵһγţ˺ԶϽһҵط¡
кԼϰͶӿʼɱһֻ˳֮һ㶼ĿҹδҲˣʼ칤
һСʱҹδϣȥĸҲϣԱǽ˯
ҹδ뿴꣬΢΢һüͷ칤ÿļ֡ںܲ㣬ɲжϡ룬վƿţ˳ȥվ¡

£˳ŷܴ䣬ͬؼˮû롣
ڡ
ĸ۾ֱ˴˽񣬶ѯ֮ɫҹδȥʲô
ҹδȡһŷͷţһĻͽ棬̧߳˷ܣܼôڹĻϣҹδ߽Ĵ֮У˼ƣʼ

֮ĸ˶վ˴ڣȥ㿴ҹδʶꡣ

ڷܰ
ڷʲôãʲУڷҲ˷ʱ䡣
ô֪ʲУ
УôڻǴ徳㣿
ĬȻȻһ뿪˴ڣϢ

裬ҹδڷ֮нý鴮Ĵ걻ʶγһˮһ㣬Χ

˫һ֣ˮ߻ˮĻкҹδչŷȥ
ƿţɨһ۷ڵĸˣĸɱ۾ҹδصԼλãȻ۾

硣
Ժĸҹδϥڷ칤չ֮ĸѾ꣬ӷд裬޲վһԣһ߹ۿһߵ̸
ҹ۵ĵҲ֪ôģȻȡһôŵ֡
ǺǡʲôãֻǴ徳㡣
Ŭ
ŬҲûãˣҲ쵽ʮ˰ɣŴ徳㣬һӴ徳۷͵ˡʣǷʦҲδһߵľҲһƷʦˡ
̾Ϣһ츳˵̫Ҫˡ
ǰ츳ҹҲȥɽѰԵ
Ǻγˣ
ǲͬǵ츳ȻϼѣҲҪҹǿ̫ࡣȥɽѰҵĻԵѰҵĻԵͬ
ǲǴйкõĴйǾͻһɳ졣
˵ҲǣǺҹ۲һ·ˡҲν飬Ժ󽫲н
Ժ󡭡޲ֳȻ֮ɫ֪ܴܲӷɽų
ĬȻֻʣºӷдıײ
˵Ļҹδľǰҹδлʧ䣬ʮƽ
ԼѾˣһɳֻʱ⡣
Ŷ
ҹδͻȻոճ޲̸֮
й
ԼҲûа
ԼֻҲֻԼ徳۷壬ҲԼһɳ
ԼҲÿʼĥһ׹ˣֻԼȫϵ飬ĸˣȴҡҡͷȥѯĸˣõĻش𣬻õЦ
ˣ
һһҲ˷ɽԼԵܹѰһ׸߼Ĺ
ҹδ˳ȥ޲תͷһۣת˻ȥԺм䣬ӷȻƹƹҵд衣ҹδԺһǣʼ
һ飬飬顭
ҪﵽޣѾ͸ʱڴ졣ҹδһϲ
徳Ĳ㣡
ʱѾдƲƲ죬ҲûʲôӦҹδضڴ徳㿨˲֪꣬ͻơһͻƵ徳㣬ֲ֪Ҫꡣ
ҹδȴע˵ķӦȴϲкһСȸԾһ㡣
ǼƷʰɣ


129 ҹ
˸ٶȹȻͬ졣ٶȣҲҵɽҾܹͻƵ徳Ų۷ˡ
ڷɽѰһԵܲҵһʺԼĹ
ϴһԷ緹۶ȥ
ҹδ봩һñ˶ڶڣͷһۣڹظѾҳһƬ˰ɣ
Ӧ벻Լȥɽˡ
תͷǰء
ǳڲϣ²šб米һװŷ̵һЩرƷ
ֵ꼾
һֻ꣬ûи꣬ڻƻʱ֣ϵĥס˿ջ֮󣬴Լưö¡
Ҫ䷿ڶ¥šҶǵһνСӣ˴˻ȱΣܲϤԶϰסһһǸסһ䡣Ҳһһ£Ҳܹ̱˴Ӧ
ϴ裬˱ڴΧһӳԷڻвٵĽͣʮڴڣ˵Сˣ˶ֺ塣
ҹδרעسԷǽֵʧˣֻʣһٴ졣
ɽկɱ˼ɽӺͻԺ֮󣬶ҽɽӺŮٵɽկɽӺŮ裬Ծ
ҹδ벻֪ɽ˭Ҳ֪ɽկǸʲôطЩǺӷЩ߽ȴǲͬɫȻҹδ˶֪Լ֪ЩԵµʵ
½㣬ɽ˭ɽկʲôط
¿ҹδһۣ仰оܹ֪ҹδǸδ߹вϾʱǶѣܵ
ɽկǾӲԶһɽկկկկǿֵɽӵ򳤡
ǰûǼɽļ˳ȥ̽ף߽Σɽկɱˡ˵ú
ҹδͷǸͬ˵һĽ
ɽ֮󣬵ֻɽկɽկɱƬײһսɱ췭ظƲѪɺӡ
˵λկɽɱˣʵ
ûУҡͷϧǣɽկӹһ١
˵ôЩûɽկķ·ࡣԭɽկˣ·ϣһģɽկ
ǰ
ǰ
ĺãɽ䣡
Զԣ֮ǰɽկȥ˶ٲƻĺãɽӢۣ
ˣǺ˳ȥ˵һʱ䣬ֻХɽ֡
ңֻҪüɽķضȥɱˣһ˵ڶӵǧ֮ˡ
ԶԶԣ˭Ҳһˡ
극Ҳһ£ҹδڽ΢˽⡣

Ȼ֮˻֮Ϊ
ҹδ΢΢ҡҡͷҲ֪Լ뽭Բԣ˵һ뽭ɼ
뽭Ҳ
ҹδ¥߽Լķ䣬˨ϣȡһ򵥵ķŸо
һκͱ˽飬ԼܻӭҹδܲڡҲȸԾϾԼһζ뿪ңʴ̼УڽͬʱҲ˷ܡ
˼ڷڿʼ֮һСʱ칤ԣһ裬Ϣһź˴ϡ
̤̤̤
̤ˮֵϣñ񣬽һжˣӿջſھΪ׵һˣžܲtȻһ֣˼ǰʧڷ֮С
ҹδ˶̧ͷһʧ˷ûٴη½Դͷϡ

ŽܼӴ⴫
꼾
ˣ
ҹ
ȴԽԽҹδŷȻ򵥣˽ǻ̾Ӧʱ䣬ҹδûʲôĵġǵһγţļƣܿͺ˯˹ȥ

Լ·ûֹһ㣬Ӷ롣
롣
ǼͣһԺԶڱˮڱǵӰ
̤̤̤
㽦ˮܼ𣬲ʱƥһСУͬһ֣ÿ˶źɫȳֵǸɫۡ
Լӵʱ䣬Ǽɫ˵ۼʮˡ
Ϊ׵Ǹػ˻֣Ȼ߶ƥǸԺ˹ȥ
ҹС
ʮƥŽֵײ˴ִֵߣڶȥ
رյĴڣŷеȻѣһͦӴŲδȡ


130 ջɱ¾
䡭
ʵĴűײ飬ֳ飬ҹ
һɫս˴ţŴԺߵķݳ˳ȥ
˭

ŷڳ˳ѩƬ裬¡¡ǵԳȻǵͱ˼Σɢڵϡ
Ϊ׵ǸɫһԾαͬһֻҹӥҡߵݶ֮ϣһб࣬ڵ֮ϣ֮
ɽݶ֮Ȼȣڱ֮дȥãɸһս
飡
һӰ˫šһ˴ǹһ⣬ͷ绢籪һ㶢ݶ֮ϵĺ
õ㾹Ȼ
һгɱŮ㱨ɱҶܺҵֵǣûҲ쾭塣ʲô
飡
ݼһ壬ƬҹкɣӰͬҹӥһŵϵļɽȥ£ҹзһĨ⡣
ȣ
վǰ̨ϵļɽһ̨һ壬̨ķѣڿգ˫еĴǹӭŵ⣬С
޵Ŀ⣬ɱҹײ˵ıཻ

ǹһĵǡնߴ磬ǹֳ˿š
͡
½һ¸壬ԭɽڵ̨ϣת̧ͷҹȥ
ɽϷ䣬󡭡
·ֳ룬еĴǹŵ׹䡣
ϴ䣡
䡭
ʮ˽ڶڵ˫ɱ
ŵ
䡭
ɱʼˣǱڱߵĶӼûֻиھȴͬһ˼У
Сʱʱ䣬򳤸ڵ˾ͱ¾һգʮСػںǰ
ϴ󣬽Ķ
Ҫ˵ӣ
̫˷ʱ䣡ЩҲûʲôƻɱˣûƻе𣿡
ɽЦſ
ϴ˵ĶɣǸžǣ
ԣǸϴ󣡡
ӳֻһǵ䵱Уһǿջ䵱оﲻԶȥ˵䵱УȻȥ˿ջ
̤̤̤
ʮײ˱꣬롭
ҹδ˯ú죬ò˵û˿飬ΪҲͣǵһγţ˱˯ûڵء
Ǳ˲һסҿջˣϽ㲻ϽҲҹδ˼ν
̤̤̤
ӷſ˫ۣҹУǡ˫ڴһײαѾӴϷ˴ǰһ죬ȥ
̤̤̤
ʮӰƵı꣬ѸٵķŴ
䡭
һӰϷеĳ˿ջĴţеֱŶ¥Ĵײ˹еĸֱҹУ΢΢⡣
ɱ˲㡣
ӷɫ䣬ȻŴһ
飡
ķѣһӰײ˽
飡
һֻȭͷ¡
ꡭ
߹һƬη˳ȥλδڵϣһֻϣԴ顭
ҹδˣѵʱЩԺԼڿջΪڼ
ǡ
Ȼѣ˱ײڱС
ǿջ
䡭
ǽȻײһ󶴣µײ˽ֱҹδĴϣһҹδϣѪѾˡ

ҹδһֱӼһŶƷķųǸ˹ȥǸȫû뵽һŷ˹
͡
һŷзֻ˲䣬ܼķоͽǸи֧飬ò
£
ҹδ뷭ҡ»ɫһ䣬ָµıӵ£ֳ֮ɫ
ˡ
ҹδ뷭´һ
侲һҪ侲ǽ˵Ľ
ҹδʹԼ侲ǽڵƶǰŶķȥûˡֿ첽ԼǰŴһ죬̽ͷȥѾҶһƬеķҲҵɱ
סˣд붼ǰɽʿʣµĹ·Ҳűڣûбɽ˲塣һɽ̽ͷ̽Եҹδ룬̤ҹδ˹
飡
ҹδ뽫ŹϣȻȡһ̵֧Уͬʱȡһͷš


131 ս
һһңǲܶһȥ¶Ρ
飡
űһ߿ǸɽȴûϽ룬ŶûˣȻţĿŷȥеҲȥ
ۣ
һѿ̵̽ʺ㶵ͻȻԼǰҹδ룬Ǿºʣ
ôͻȻһˣ
ॡеڵϡ
ҹδǸǳ֣̫ˡҹδ˵ⲻǱ׸ӵǸɽ仹һذְѶذ˳С߳˷䡣
䡭
һƬң˺ӷ壬Ⱥͳ޲
ӷ壬ȻռϷ磬ǳ޲ԭóľǹԶ빥ʱⲫѾˣȫ·磬ذѾһ첲ųĵۡۿŶ浴һ֧ذƿ¡
͡
ͻȻһŷƮȻиǸӲҽУѪɡ
ͷҹδķӳ֪˭Լ
лл
ȥȣ
ҹδһźӷ˹ȥ
͡
ӷؿŶǸзɱʵǸѾԼͬ鱻зɱ䱸ԭ·磬ӷѹƣ״ôܶ㿪з
ҹۡӷ循ؿҹδ롣
䡭
ԶĽµذͻȻһ󶴣һδ˳һ׷ɱ׷ɱǸɫغ
ɱң
һɽҶɱˣʲô
˽˺һεײһ䣬ؿһۣһÿҹδ룬ҹδһܵӳһŷз
͡
䡭
һն˷УҪնһҹδײڵǸ˳˳еĳ˺
ҿջɱŮҺƴˡ

䡭
˳ݶҡȥ
Ӵ磬ù𣿡ʱȺͳ޲Ѿֽ˵ˣʵ
򲻹Ǹ̫ͷһҽӲ¡
ô죿޲ʵ
أ
ˣҹδݣ⻹һοԼʶԼǰ
ӷȴϽĶˡ̵ɱȥ
ߣ
ĸ˳ȥһӣĸ˻岻ȥĸˣΪ͵ҹδûˣΪҹδԶԶӳûпĻᡣ
ǳ岻ȥһ
ô죿
ʱѾʼռϷ磬ջÿͲ࣬һвˣֵܹڣɱ˲ѾƴĽ
ҪˡӷŨŨĲ
ģƴˡһĭ
ҹδʱѾ侲˺ܶ࣬ԭһ侲ˣɹ˿ʼĻңʱѾ侲˾ųɣеת

ʱĺӷѾСҹδˣҹδӳзǾ֪ҹδԲƷʦˣˣҹδûˡȻ֪ҹδ̷ûзһֻ˼ֻҪҹδзսеκһǿ
ԣ˶ûҹδתתΧûˣһ䡣ҹδĿһɨһ۵ĵط
ǾվҪҾ͸ͷ

ţҹδӿȡ
ӷȻ֪ܲҪ֮ǰĽŷ˲١޲ѹ
㲻Ʒʦ
ͨ˵ƷûüȥˣܹƷ
˲˴Ĵָ
ҹδҡҡͷ̾ϢһǴ򲻹Ǹ
˲ɳĬһӷұȱڷɽҵԵһɱȥɽկ
ңĿ
ҡ
޲տڣӵǿҹδʳָ촽һȻͽͷš

ײܿӽһǲˡеĴſڴ˹ȥеſڸ
䡭
һ˱˷䣬ҹδĸ˵ǰһţȻһ˴һ׷ɱ˳ȥ
Լһӣҹδĸ˶ŵöͷ˺ˮΪЧҪʧЧˡսԶȥĸ˶ɳ³һ޲ؿڣ
ˡ


132 
ô죿˵ĿҲҹδ롣
ҹδ涼뿪˵
㻹𣿡
Уҹδִӿȡ
ӷ˶һֻҲû˵£š
أսûˡȻǽŲӽĸ˶֪ӦʼɨսˡֻҪһǾͰȫˡ֣Ҳˡ
ŽŲӽҹδͷ
ܿ죬߽˷䣬ûʲô㿴һۣתšĶܿ죬һӣĸ˱¡¡ȥ
ֹһʧЧ¶ĸ˵Ӱҹδ뽫ͷ˳ȥ꣬ҲѾûӰҹδջ˾ʼ˫ۣȻûҲûɱֻб
Ӧ뿪ˡҹδ
ȷӷʵ
ţҵľȽǿ󣡡
ǣ޲˺ӷ塣
ӷٵطһҼɽģȻпϮջ˵ɽѾˡôİӣôĶض뿪һ֣Ҳһ鷳ʱ뿪ȫġ
Ǿߣ
ĸ߳˷ţ˳¥ݣ;ܶʬ壬ѪȾ˵ذ壬ŨŨѪζ
ҹδ˽СȭͷԼʵ
ĸԺ겻ϵسˢѪζǵ˺ܶࡣӷɫѿ
ǵˡ
߰ɡȵȥǰ
Ҳֻˣ
ĸڿбУϣֻ˲ʪ͸ϡҹδ벢ûͷŷĸҹбУˮڱǵӰ

ĸѾԶӣͣӷתܿ콫ϵ·ɣֻҹδʪǷʴĶϣιֻд徳Ĳɴһ
ӷѾҹδ룬ҹûҹδ룬Ǳˡӷ忴ҹδ
ǵҸطϢһ£һ̫ƣͣһ棬ҹ۵Ϊ̫ͣһ˷纮Ҳһ鷳
ȿڵһʱǰһӡ
ˣҹδ뿪ڵҲǸ鷳
Ǳһ֣޲ȥһ¡
ߣ
ĸֱжȥǰһ֣ĸȥĹٵĸ˲ͣӷ
ǿһЩ֦ҹ۰·ɡ
ãǱˮԼȥǱߣзܹ·
ԼСģΣ̺ǡ
ţ
ҹδٵشּ䣬ˮȥӷϥڲݵϣҲҵϢҹδȥķһ죬ǰԮ
һûж޲̾Ÿո뿪û죬һˡ
ӷҲãȻǶʱӣͬû죬˵ʵ֮䲢ûʲô飬Ϊµǲܵġµȴ鲻ȴʵڵġ
ӷ忴һҹδķɫӸпû뵽ܹȫҹۡ
ǰȵͷ˭ܹ뵽ܹһ徳Ĳ㣿
ʲô徳Ĳ㣬һƷʦ޲
ӷҡͷϧˣ
Ⱥͳ޲Ҳ֪ӷеĿϧָҹδʣҹδٺһЩ
Ҳ΢΢ҡͷֻǴڿʼжѾҹδ룬ûаƲ
˰ɣ
ӷһʼӻȡҩˣҲˡ
ʱҹδվһСӱߡˮ峺һܹӵסҹδ濴һ£ڲûʲôΣգֽ̽˳ȥҲΧûˣŽ·£Ȼ߽ˮڣʼϴ衣
ϴһ룬źӰһŲҹδɫһæһƬˮУһҶ
źӱߵУӰڴľڵ˵Ӱ֣˵ּ䴫˳
ǽٺû뵽˾ȻҹȻɱ˼ɽ֮󣬻ˡ
ҹδ۾ȥֵͨӰ˵һ޳ӷĿһʿʱȴڸ֮ż־š
һ˺Ǹ£ȴһüʸһֳˮĸоȴ˼־ţڵ
֣Դӱ²ϳͿʼˣԽԽҡŷɽϢ̫಻ʵʿ㶼ǰԵԺԽԽҡǽѣԺҪСġ


133 
˼ʵ֣վǵΪ̫ˣǵΪ㹻ɱǸܹȺܶͨ
׵ͷֵܶΪ㣬ֲģô¶ǰɽľģӣܹڷɽŻұضɨƽɽկɱ˺
ԣ²ܣǹܡʿе𣿡
ҡͷڵʿ̫࣬Ŀֻг߾ԲܡܣҲӶ
˸ͳˣ˱ɱܶܡȵΪߵɱҲ˹ܡ
ˣ
˼ͣǸҪȴӷɽ˵ʵܻ֪ܲΪʲôھͳɽկɱ˺
̾ϢְҲ̫ˡ˵ʵܹùܴùǻʲô
ҵ˼ȥ˼һۣ֪֮ûУҵ˼ȥ֡
˭⶯ܹȥɽկͺȺܶˣ
˵ٴƶܿʧҹδҰС

ҹδ³һæϴӣӶٴȷΧˣˮϰӴȡ·ϡȡһͬʽĺɫϡںӱߣЩʪ·ϴɾȻſֱ֦ϣͷһŹֻǲӵʱ䣬·͸͸·뵽У첽ʱķȥûߵӪأӪϤȴλ˼
д֮ƣǰɽ;֪Σաѵδζ
Ӳأ
˵ɥЩˣ޾յصɽ뵽ɽ֮Уվܷ߳
ÿжʮųϣʮһһųֵõԵʮһ
ǼȻǵδĿ˴Ȼǰ£ʲôµģ
ǾͰǰɽ·;һ飬ԲƴǣܣľɡҲΪһ·ˣǻ۸µľ飬ڷɽлҵõԵ
ӷҲһĻû̫⣬󼸾仰ȴһ

һ·ϵһӦܹ۳ḻľ飬˵ջ񣬻ܹԼΪһԼڷɽжһ˿ա
˼ԣЩȥɽЩȵУȥȻȥڷɽ·;ϣҲûɶ
˲˼õλǰȫصɽ뵽ɽ֮УԵǸȥõ
С£ԥϣǻԵǵǰҲ޿õڷɽеĿԴ
ʿУҪҪҪһηġ
ָָźӷ˵ǲУ˵ȥɽƨͬΪı
䣬Ҫ뿪ӷ岪Ȼɫ˵˭С£
˼Цѵ˵𣿡
ӷǺһʱ֮˵һԵĳ޲ڵ
ԥϣС¡
ʲô˼˫һ̯һļ
ǻһȥˡҪһͬ顣˼һ޲һͦص
һƷʦ
˼͹׶һۣжֳϲɫȴȻתף˱һ򣬱һɫ˴˳ŵڵ

ֵ޲ЦⲻǵĶѣǲǱƵ˰ɣֻҪɫͶ
һԵҲͿ˼̬Ƶһҧʮ¾
ȴû뵽˼ûаգɿű֣ǰֵ
λǶƷʦɣԵ˼
һԵĹҲֵ׼ѡ
ҹδ빰ֻ񣺡ҹۣλѡ
ͬʱҹδ˼Ϊо˼ЩϤԼӦ
ֻǴĶأ
ڲݵӷݹһѾõ⣺
ҹۣϽ԰ɣӦö˰ɣ
ⲻ˵ãһ˵Ӧ㣬ҹδĶӾ͹๾˲ɴЦҹδ˶쵹Ҳû˿ӹǿ⣬лϸϸȻԼĵʱᵽ˼ˡ


134 
˵˼ǽϸˣϲżȻһҷ꣬ͶǳΪƼˮѡĻ˵˺ܣСڣֻЩ衣
ҹδвȷҲûʡ
ʱ˼ȻǲСڣҹδҹְۣԵ
ĸ𣬵õЦˡ
˼һڵЦ˾ӦˣʮɱһˣǧﲻСֻһʲô
ֻǵôϲڱ棬Ǹѵཻ
ʱҹδѾųȷ˼еǸˣȷʵСҰ衣Ҳ˶˼˽䱸ƿ˶ñӣ¶Ц
֣û˼ֻЩСҲЩۣ߽һЩ鷳
˼͹׿ҹδòֳȻ֮ɫҹδȻ˸ʱ̫̣òΪſ֮ǰʱ࣬һͯա˼ֵ
աȷʵ϶ֻߣ㵱СѾͷ
ţ
ӷݸҹδȷʵһܸ֮󣬱һĥ뿪ǰɽش磬˹۲Լı仯
Լֻһ壬ô˼˵ҵ߿ԣ
뵽վһԼоֳϲɫ
Լ߾ȻѾһˣȻĲ࣬ҲѾ㹻ϲ
һСˣ
⻹ֻǸոԼд壬Լܹߡ

ҹδ벻ɻɵֵһȺĪ
ȿȡҹδ뿴˼˵ɫСһ죬æֹסԼЦȵ
֣ʲô
Ŷ˼ҹδһɵ֣һһȵģŪúܲӦһҹδʣһ
Ѿ˵ˣǶѱɽկɱһҲһֵɽկĵ¡
븴𣡡
ҹδʱѾָϱ䵱ǵ侲ͬһǰ䵱Ͽͣ̽ף̸ᳵ·
֣ҿǣǵɽկΪҲȥǸȥ
˼ͷ˵òֲɵȻǼȥȥˡ
ˣ˭
Ȳ˵˭˼Ŀƶҹδܹ뵽֣ȴҲȷǷܹùȥ𣿡
ҹδȫȻǶ֣ȻȥˣΪͺ൱ʤһβȥ
˼ԶԶؼ֣ܹ϶Ϊ磬Ӧ硣ȻҲ׼ȷΪҪһЩҲ硣硣
ԣҲȷǷܹùֻܹ˵ɱĻᣬҲпܱɱ
һһĻɡ
˴򲻹Щȥˣܱܿɱ
ҹۣôѡ񣿡
ҹδ뽫Ŀ˺ӷˣӷ忪ڵ֣ɷ֪˭
뷲
ҹδԼЩϤûеȵӷһ
ɽң֪ˣ˵ñضɽҵĴӡ
˼ͷǣԭҲ֪뷲Һеݹϵ뷲Զܡ
뷲
ҹδˡ˵һѽ뷲˵뷲ԣǺܹΪѡ
˼ķΧڣȻǴȨأǲҪʵǿҺ³ҡ
ҹδагԾ˼ԣǽڴȴܹ뷲Ϊѣݲ򵥰
㡭㡭
أ
ҹδоһǻʼӵܰɣ
ʱ˼˵̫Խ˵Ѿﵽ۶ľ磬Ǻʹܹƽƽ¶дƱյ
ҹδ벻ɶݣѵΪ۶ܹд
˼ЦȻΪΪ䡣Ȼҵ̫ʵȴֻһٶʮꡣﵽ۶кܴϣϲ¥ġ
ҹδ滹ǲ̫˽⣬ǲ֪ܲԪ۶

˼ҲֳĽ֮ɫֵĳλԶҲֻǼ棬ȴ˸ǱܾǺ֪ɽկ򣬱ضұܼңĸżȥźܴĿɱ
ڴǡܷ붯̫


135 ҹ
붼룡˼˵̫ʲôݣôȥһССҾǲҪġ
˵һһ룬ĽֻҪұܶһЩ֣ȫΣա仰˵ˣΣĶ
ҹδ뿴˼һۣаԱ˺ݣԼҲݣǸݽɫ
˼ĿɨˣֳҲˣʹ컰ȥǲȥ
ҹδ㽫Ŀ˺ӷ壬ϾΪߣ֧СӵĶӳӷ˼ĻѾ˽ύ֮նжɹǳΪ˼뷲Ĳսѡ뷲᲻ǰɽ˼͹׿϶ȥ˽飬Ӧ˵Ϊǲ͡
ȥȻȥֽ࣬ɱҶѵҺ޲ʳ⡣
˼ˣɲǺӷ壬Ⱥͳ޲Ҳˣ׷Ӧ˵Ŀⶼɶһֱûгҹδϣҹδ벻Ц
ÿңֻһ徳Ĳ㣬ֻҪǲϺȣȻȥ
ߣھߣ˼˷ܵ
һ뿪֣첽·ֻ˫ȣҹδΪֵͣߵ˻ƻʱ֣ž˼ӣ
һ˼ĴֱҸǰ
Ǻܲɵǣ뷲ڣҲǰɽˡ˼Ҳ뷲ڣҲҼ˵үˡ뷲ĵܵ뷲ӴǣߣӦżʮǰɽկ
ա
һ˱ɽկķȥҹδϣ뷲飬ץץԴЩж
ⲻܲСģǺԼص顣
ҹδһֱģʮ֮ǰƽʱϱ䵱µʱ򣬿顣
ԽȱʲôԽʲô
ҹδˣ
ǸʱԽȴǿԡ˻ᣬȸԾģǶɵ侲ϵطеĳɰܡΪ֪壬
ǣȥܾ뷲鲻̫ףжп֮ɫ
취
һʱľþ̽ԼĴԼжٷȻ۾һ
ڴпǸٸɫơ
ǿŴиƣȥηԼ硣ԼǻȥˡٸҲ֪ʲôûйԼҪԼѶһԶս˴ûע⵽ϸ鴢ȴơ
˼ɶԵĺӷӴ磬⸽дפ
Уһ֧פԶɽ򡣡
ҹδϸ·ߣ˼ƽϡ
ʱѾҪ䣬ֱ˴Լһӣǰ뷲Ϣ𣬻˴жЯĳʳ
ǳװһʳڣҹδҲ㹻
ҹδһ߳ţһиǸ뷲鲻ס
һḻʿһôϲ̸ֽ竡
극ɫѾ΢΢ҹδָͱͱӷ壬ʹһȻվԶȥӷҲ˹ȥ˽뵽һС֣ӷʵ
ҹۣôˣ
Ӵ磬뷲鿿𣿡
ӷ岻죬ҹδ붼ܹ뷲鲻ףο
ҹۣ뷲ǲףΪҲȻǺĶ֣ǼʮµǺֲ٣ȻûһǼܲס˶࣬ӦһĻᡣ
һĻᡭҹδҡҡͷһ뷨
ʲô뷨㲻뿪ɣⲻУ
ȻᣡҹδֵŴٸơҲ֪ܷɽפ
ӷ۾һӦܰɣ
ģɽԶΪٸͷһһз㱳ңӦڰӵʱ䣬ܹɽܹפãУٻҲȥɽ֮¡
Уӷ̵ͷûܹ붯ɽפлϾˣ
ھߣ
ҹδͷȡֱԼͺӷͷţȻָӷͷһз
ӷӣҹδĺϣӷͦ˳ȥͬһ硣
ɽ
ɽӾƼɽһҾ¥㣬ռزƣɻֺ롣
ɽӾƼҲζѣǮȻ󣬵ȴˡرɽռͨҪÿǰ뿪˶Ҫϯ


136 ɽ
ɽӾ¥Ķ֣Ĭʮȴɽ˶ȻΪֻһǽιƺʩԶ
ʱӽֵʻһװһ֪װʲôԯһ׳ӣɫ̽磬һصʩʩȻɽӾ¥ĺš
ɽӾ¥ֵԵɽ֣һС֡
ߵС֣ɽӾ¥ĺţƥϵһôϣȻ̨ףŻû¡
֨ѽһſһ죬һϲͷ̽Դӣ㽫ŴһЩ

ӵͷ˽ȥϲͷŴ󿪣ǣʻ˴ڣȻ󽫷ŹϡӾٲźԺȥſڣ
ʦ

̨ף˽ȥڵһϣһ˶ǽϣһ̴һӵ
Сջˣ
ǣʦ֣Ĭʩֻεӿ˴鷳
ʲô鷳˵˵֣Ĭһ̣ĵ
ǰЩӣҵܵɽɱ˼ɽӶŮ
֣Ĭ̸˵һһ̣أ
Ǹʱɽկһֵȥկկɽկ˼ĦɱɽկʮֵܣԵӱȥկˡڵӲɽկʱǼɽɱɽկɱҵܵܣɽկڵֵҲɱ߳ɣʣµɢӡ
˵ֳ֮ɫһصɽկ֪֮ȻҪΪܱܵұű֮ҹֵȥɱ˼ɽϵĵ䵱кͿջõԴҶˣԺϡ
ָ˼ž죬֣Ĭְһ̵˼ǣ
ʦ򳤼ңпջ͵̣´֪Ϣ֮󣬻ܿˣɽկȥˡܷӺֵǰһȥ
֣ĬڰֵСҪšȻѾǻˣǾͲѻǵôһЩǴ׬һѣȻʦٸֵǰһȫȥ
ȫƾʦţֻҪθһƱģ
Ϊٷ֪ܲľʵҲǰΪġֻЩֵܣȻᱻپ𡣵ǣΪʦأ
ֳ֮ɫʦҪ֣
֣Ĭ̴Ͽ˿ģֵܻɽկΪʦᰵи㡣ȹپ֮ΪʦͻȻ֣һƱɸġ
ǣʦͻȥš
ȥɣΪʦᰵи㡣
뿪ɽӣӿȥɫʮѿ
֣Ĭ˽⣬δظԼǵԼصɽկ֮ԼʦҲضǰɽկĹپʵǿʦض֣׬һġȻҲᰲԼȥ
ֲУƱز֣Լٱ
ԼֲҲΥʦԸԻᱻʦȴ
ֱһһˣ
ϴʮֲϲԼ˱˿ƣʦҲСʦֻԼߡ
ϼһ㲻ʾͱҲ壡
̧ͷɫɫʱѾˣֻͷ˿ûпʦӰЦһ£ʦΪԼҲӿ˽Ųӿȥ
ӿڡ
ӷ彫ҹδˣ
ߣ
߽ӿڣӵĽ첽ȥʱɫѺڣ˼ϡ١ûдߵˡԵҹδͺӷ˸ո߽ӿڣӭɫ㶼һ㡣
ûϳΪǴŴñӵĶ񡣵ȻҲûϳӷҹδ롣
ûϳӷ壬Ϊͺӷڿջʱûչ档ûϳҹδΪҹδæӴûд񣬶ʱȴŴñӵĶ񣬽Լȫڶڡ
˫ѸٵʧҹɫС
Ӳ˺ܿӵĽſؾҹ֮УӰʵرγ˱ȵ
ʲôˣ
ҹδֹס˽ŲȻĸߴĺӷӴ磬ȡ
Ȼƿ˶ñӣſȥ
¹⣬ؾһСѾͷ΢ɣҲûյȴҹδߵǰҹδ쵽ؾһָҹδ롣ҹδӻеĴȡƣȻóƳؾ
ҪĽ
ؾĿȥɫһ䣬յǰսһ̱
ϲԵȡ
ͬʱѾڲ񱼡ܿ죬뵽һƬ֡


137 ӿ
磡мʮ˺
ߣ
ͣʮҲ󡣺ܿ֡
ܶԵһһǻپһƬ֣ڽ֮к˼ͣٶȻɽկ
磬أ
ȥֵѰһ·ûлȥ̽ɢѰҳ·
硭
ģûôضֵѰһ·
ã
̤̤̤
ӺǰֳһƬ֣սһԾԾһ֦ҶïĴϡʮƥս̤̤ȥ
ܿ죬оͼžڴס˺۾ˣֻŵöͷʼϸܵĺ顣
һӵʱ䣬û΢΢ɣ۾ȷʦûиӯشı˷жȥ
֣ĬȻźͽܵİΣʲôģͲںֻǰѺһƵĹߡ
Ҫ֣ĬɽկפֻֻҪϵص¾Ϳˡ
ص£פ졣ܴٵΣѾﵽ֮еһ硣
֣ĬֻҪص£ص뿪ӣ˵פδ˱ǰɽկҲܹӦפǰص²ȥٸפǰɽկҲ١صǰȻȥɽկصǻȻǱ뽫˽ѹԴû˻ỳƺʩĴˣںصУǾȥˡ
ʦͽģȴû뵽֣ĬеĴ㣬һ·񱼣һӵʱ䣬һɽ壬ͣһլǰûšŴһ죬һҶ̽ͷ
˭
ү
үڣǼҶҪš
ֳס˴ţǼҶҲƲŷֺɫʲôֻҪһ̾ͻʮ׳ʺϽ֣
ȴǲΪѹӢ۾ۡ
ǼҶһѹصĺֵ顣
ǸҶһƣǸҶһƵֵԺδ
ɽկ
ǼҶŴһЩ롣ǼҶֵԵȡ
ʩͣ
ǼҶŷŷڵһҶдλֵܣȥͨү
һӺ
ڡ
վڶĺΰݵݼǰ
կɣͷ
ؾصϣٴιʩ
ǰġ
΢΢ۣ˵˵ɡ
㽫˵һ飬Ȼٴʩ񣺡ǰǱ˳𣬵ȴʧȥ˸ţǰҺҵֵǰһȥ
Ϊβȥʦ
ϱֳ֮ɫȴҲͣȻͨһ˵ϣ
ǰʦͲ˵ˣԺҡǰԸͶǰ£Ϊǰߡ
һ˿⣬ֳЦݣ
Ҳ֪ϵĹأ˵ʲôҾʲôҪһͶ״
ʹǰ˵
ɽ򣬽
ص䳡һ˫ܲͨ磬ȴֲһ˿죬еľһ˫֮Уһγ̶ȵҡ
һҴҸ趯ﵵص£죬뺰ֲҺǲǿٸˡ
ص˫趯ͣȵʲô¶
˳ٸǰ
䡭
صһ˫֮ڵȻ˳ȥʱŤӲĵ汻ӡ
ĶصѾǸǰ
ſڣ
鷿ҡ
ǣ
鷿ڡ
ص²ؿ˿ҹδͺӷ壬û뵽ƾȻһŮ޵УǺӷΪߵ׳СؼƣȻ󻹸ҹδ
ϲΪ¶
ҹδֻ¶ҹջ
ҹδԶٵؽ齲һ飬Ȼصµ
ɱǺϱһɽկ֪Ƿܹ
ܣص¸ɴͷǲɣ͵ǲȺϱһڰ
̤̤̤
ҹδͺӷ뿪ɽ򣬺ӷ屳ҹδҹɫзɱټص£ܹ˲ʱ䣬˾ͻصӪء
ǸʲôȥˣôôãʵȻѹȴҲ˶Ϊˣѿ


138 徳
ȷʵ˼ҹδͺӷ˾ȥأЦĿǼʱ˻˵ЩΡӷڰֵ
Ůӵ飬ô
ֵܣֲŮӡ˺
䡭һЦ
ĵӷЦһ֣û¡
ҹδʱѾ࣬ص´ǰɽկӦȫ⡣΢һ֮ҹδߵԶʼ뷲Щ˿һ㶣˱ʵ
֣ҹǴ徳

ʱӷͲҹδǴ徳ˣ徳ôˣ˼ǶƷʦòã
һֳܹƣص£
֪ȴǲô룬ҹδΪôͣкͺӷȥӣΪǺӷ£һ񶼱ˡ˴Ź
ֻǷǰɽҲʼį
ӷɫһݵúԣҹۿǶƷʦܹӺӳȫҹۡ
С˵ֹŰ
ӷ˫ۣл֣ӿڳ
һӾ˭ܹ֪Ӻӷɢɱ⡣
ˣͣ
뷲ͻȻڣֺݺݵλлһֻۣлҵˣȻлĿڻȴҲ令š
ӷȴҲҺ뷲鷭ͣˣǱߵҹδȴȫȻ֪
ʵϣҹδľӦȫǴʱҹδȴһȫµĳСԭʱͻȻһ֣һ뷨
Ȼ˵ĸǿԼܹþܸǣôȻҲǿԼܷþ
ˣ㽫ʶ˳ȫһһ߹۲ԼƤ⣬ǣȵе֯ٵı仯
ȻͷʱԼ֯ٶһɶѹ죬ŤȵȣУ˿˿ˢԼ壬ﵽЧ
еĽ䣬ܿͷλĴ̶ȲͬҴ̶ߵҲֻǴﵽԼļް˳ң͵ֻĳɡۺĴ̶Զδ꣬ЧԶδﵽѡ
ҹδ뿪ʼ΢ĶǱڿգ΢̫߰磬չһȵȡ
ϵ΢еЧãеЧáЧõģסЧõģּ΢
һһ΢о巢ȣٶȿʼЧǿõʱѾԶԶƽʱʱ䣬˶˹۲壬޸Ĺ֮Уȫ·ʪ͸ͬˮ̳һ㣬ȴȫȻ֪
һΧԵʿһ㶣̲סöʣôŬڻǴ徳
⻰ûǺӷ弸Ҳֻɫѿ˵ҹδĿⲻЩа
ҹ۰ҹۣˣӲ˰
顭
ҹд죬ӷ壬Ⱥͳ޲һ㡣
ͻˣ
ôܣ
˲֪ǿ֪ҹδոͻƵ徳Ĳ㻹ʱ䡣ҹδʣôڲǴ徳
ȴνϻżǿɲ֪ҹδոͻû죬ֻǾôˣͻƴ徳㡭
Ǻǡ
ҹδʱžûƣ֪Լþˣ壬ܼʱ°ˡ
ı·أʲô˶ܹ޵ģҪĲ֧š
ĸˡ
ҹδϥ£ˣӴȡƬΣŵ׽
Ϊ˺öʯչĲƷ˴ҳߣ㽫ЩƷߡľ׽һ˿˿ڲʼģ徳ΪҲȶƬγ£˫㲻ᣬƬβὥͷţ㹻ҹδģǿʼ칤
ҹ
ҹδŽصԣʱǺӷֵڣҹδҹδſ͵
ͻˣ
ҹδͷӷѾ˺ܾˣɼڿͣôŴ徳
ҹδҲڿͣǰרע֮ǰſʼ
ˣ
ӷֳϧ
ҹδͻƵٶȿһ츳ϼѵˣȴķôֱ꣬˷Ѱ
жҹδһأʵˣڷɽˣǰ;


139 ׷ɱ
һҹ޻
ʮ˱ۣɽկķڶȥ
֣ĬѾȷص´ǰɽկˣԶԶۿصȥӪʱ֣һɽկķ
֣Ĭصɽû̶֡ļ㣬ص¹ҪʮֵɽկɽկҲҪʱ䣬ȻҪɨսѰɽկر⣬ضɽկӪܹͲˡ
ԣٶ֣ȻصµĸۡҵĲʱȫá
һ뵽ϾܹдԴ֣Ժ鶼⡣
ʱѾصĶ飬ʮɽկķС
̤̤̤
ڲ֪˴˵״£뷲һʮʿͺһѸٵؽӽ뷲ǵб󷽣صһظԭӪ뷲ǵӪؾͲԶӵľ룬Խβ棬ڽ롣
̤̤̤
뷲Ȼٶȣ̳ס
һڵҰԾһĺɫˡ˼Ȼȵ
ɽկ
ʱԷҲߣԭûҪ֣˼ĺȣʰγ˱ĳ
ɱ
䡭
Ŷ˹ȥ뷲ܵγ˳߶սŶһָ
ɱ
䡭
ߵʮҲŶ˹ȥȻһײһ
ҹۣ
ĺӷһֽУҹδǸˣҹδĹ˱仯ӷһ˲˼붷ջǾܱҹδ롣
˫ײĳ棬ҹδЩţӷһԾԱߺӷϡִӱץһһ̵ɫŵΧ
̤̤̤
ӭһҪͺӷײϷ׼ɱ׼ȴȻһŷӺӷıƮ˳
䡭
ֻһССĻҲֻһźСȭͷСĻ򡣵ֵ̫ͻȻˣͻȻǸǰһһţܵȥǸ
ۣ
һ˴ǹѾ̴࣬ӷ˫۽һ˦㽫ʬ˦˳ȥ


˫࣬ۺʵҲ࣬Լһһִֻ֮䣬ʵ˶սһٶǿ߶ߣֻһ棬ʮ˫Զֻʣ˶ʮˡ
ʱ˫תͷ˫֮Ŀյϣ˵ʿڲҺȴûᣬһۡ
ʣĶߡµĶǿߡֻҹδһ⣬кӷĸ
ɱ
˫ͬʱٴνɱһ𡣵ξûзǰɾ䣬Ϊʣµʵ࣬һ
տʼӷ廹ЩҹδİοŲԼ㷢֣ҹδ벻׸һһĸ
ҹδ벻ʱӳһŷȻûЧɱǾиŶԷЧЧǳԡúӷɱʮֳ죬ȫռϷ硣
࣬ʵ࣬Լûжһ֣һһҹδȴǶһӷɱ𣬳ǹԷɱˡ
䡭
ͻȻͬҲ˫ֱͬʱѡ˺ˣ˾룬֮ȥ
̤̤̤
̳ƬԾ˵
ٱɫ䣺ߣ
תͷƨһģս˻һ˳ȥʣµĶʮҲ
뷲ߵ˴ʱҲЩ뷲δȹٱǰңңֺ
뷲飬ܵľɽկ
䡭
صĿһɨҹδ룬Ҳûдкֻǵͷתͷɽկķ׷ȥ
뷲ȴһľϲҵͷкˣߣɽկ
Ҳɸ˷ܣɽկ
̤̤̤
ʿ˹ٱĺ棬˼͹Ҳ׷ӷ֪ٱ˭ģȻҲϡ
̤̤̤
磬ô죿һź
֪Լʦǲܳˣֳһ˿ɫ
ʦȻ㲻ҵ£ͱ㵱Ͷ״ˡ
̤̤̤
ͷһȦӣɽķ񱼶ȥ˵ؾɽԭͲԶһӵʱ䣬Ѿɽ򡣺ͷһں׷ĹٱȻõһ¿ƨɣ
ݣ
ɽ
ɽӾ¥
֣ĬںԺڣ΢΢۾ҹļƻȻ˫ۣ˶䡣
з֮



140 
´Ѿ𱦽ųȥһݣѾݶ㿴ʮѾɽӾ¥Զɫ䣬βϵЩ
ڴʱϵĺݼϵ֣Ĭ󺰣ʦ
֣ǰʮһ𺰵
ҡ֣ĬһѪ
䡭
һѾźݼ֮ϣ
ʦ
ǰ
Ͻ֣ĬʱҲڷңһƬͿ
Ѿ׷Ϲص˫Ŀ΢΢һУݼ֮ϵ֣Ĭâ˸ֻǴ֣ĬϵɫӦѾȷ֣ĬǺʦɽկĺ֡
û뵽ɽϵĴˣȴɽկͷӡ
ԼȻϷŪڹ֮䣬ΪԼϱ
еŭڣеɱʵʡ
ಡ
صµѾԾӥһҡֱϣеĳݼ֮ϵ֣Ĭնȥ

˫һ֣֣Ĭɱ⣺õúܣ
飡
ʱĺѾݼ֮ϸȥһһĳɣ˳ƽǸԴ룬αϣ˫һУս񱼶ȥ
ಡ
ʣµĶʮҲ׷ѧݼ˺ͻϮǰٱѾ׼ʱ䣬㽫ʮΧм䣬һٱź׷˹ȥı뷲ˡ
͡
һ֧ӭն
ۡ
͸ض䴩࣬ǰݼ֮һӰѾԾݼʧڷݵһߣѵ³֣

ۣ
ڱȻѪδԵ
ಡ
ѾԶ룬ͷһݼ֮ϣԽ֣Ĭص£ٺһ֣
֣ĬʲôԺɽΧĵ̶ҵģ
䡭
λ˼Σʧ١
䡭
֣Ĭݼϱˤ˴ϣʮ˹ȥһâͬƥһӶʮ㵹˳ȥмնϡ֣ĬѾԾ𣬺ëȻһſдȥ

֣ĬŲˡ
ۡ
ǰرһնʿƤ⣬Ѫ䣬ɼǡ
͡
ʮ˴ǹ˷֣Ĭ糵âƥʮǹ֣Ѫĵˡ

ƥĽâȻѣƿն
ۣ
֣̽Ĭ֣࣬ĬȻһڵѸٵʧͫ׵ĹâѸٵرð
ۡ
ڱѪŽߵصȥ
˻
صµǰһĹ֣סѪ
ظ
ֻعž
նɱ֣ĬɽӾ¥֮ص´ϯ뷲칦칦ְ֮ס¡
鷿ڡ
ҹδصԶص½ľϻƵҹδǰ
ϲҴ֣ĬļҲѡΣϲ¡
ҹδľϻľϻУƷҪԼռĲһЩڵҹδʺϡصҲѡʺҹδԴ͡ҹδȻûп
л
ա
ҹδ룬ӷ壬ȣ޲˼͹˺뷲˸ǣŴɻٴ̤ǰɽ·
ʱˣ»ûеɽ棬ּ˼͹ˣ˵Ķ顣
һ·¶ޣؽӽ߾
һӲ˿
һаھ̲ĴӶҵĹٵϱС
˺ӿǧףļͨ󻪹Ϊӡ
̧ͷһɫԵȴ͵˰ʿĶС
Ӫ
˷׷ĿȥԵĲԣæµ
ʦãȥӱץ㡣ʫʫߣЦе
ʫʫܣûߡ˱ǿߣʫʫ۹һҲæˡģѾϥĿȥģ
֪ԼƴǲˣͷŵӵķȥžĬĬظ󡣵ٻͷž䣬Ŀ
žͣٺݺݵصһۣȻתͷǰСʫʫԼĴ˺档ǧ׵ľ룬˺ܿԶԶؿӡ
ſգ
ȻͷĿžָʱӪѾԶٿԽԽž䣬еɱڡ
ʫʫԽԽž䣬۾ʪ
ʦΪ£ȴǻң
پôضž䣬һֱȵžߵǰ˫΢΢ſ¶һ˿ëȻЦȻתȥ
ȻˣǾһץɡ
ʫʫžڿͣСģ
žͷһֻѾס˵


141 
һǰ
ǰʫʫž䲢ں˫ס

ƽͣ߱һƬڵƬ֣ӡ
һ˽뵽֡
һ֣žʫʫȫ䱸񾭽ŵ㡣ֵǣٲûжĶŲ죬ʼӵķȥͷûлһ¡Ҳǰಽľ룬˾ʹ֣ʱӰѾֻҡ
̤̤̤
ͣ˺ӱߣתͷҲͣԼ׵ˣžȵ
Ȼˣȥץ㣿ѵץ
žͷźӱȥʱžҲڲԼһֻʼץŵȴǼؿžԼ߹Ŀ˼ž俴ˡ
ֻϣҸͲмɱ㡣
žŵȻ¶ֱ˿裬ɱڡֻ֪ԼǵٵĶ֣Ψҧȥһͷڷڣ
ӺɷΪҪ裿
СģȻ䱳ʫʫľС
žһֱ񾭣ʫʫոպһС֣ҵžҲػһն

ʵĲ̫ˣָһ㽫žĳ˳Ʊƣһӡžǰءžһ˵ٵƣˣҲܲס
ۡ
žڱѪͬһ߸߷ȥ
ϡ
µžֳһ˿ĿУҰУʫʫȡһŷͷţŷһŽʫʫں뿪֮ǰž˵ģϻһŵʦïıŽ
һ㻯һ޽ŵٴȥ
ǱʫʫģжʫʫзʫʫΪ˽⣬ԲŲæתһбĳĹضʫʫһԼȫܹһƽʫʫĳķɡ
ǡ
תԼǽʱɫ䡣ïӵıֵܹģ
ʱĵ־ֿ֣Ѿĳһ㣬μŤһȥ
ۡ
һұ۱һն䣬ѪȪ˳ֻ˲䣬ɫ԰ֽ
ͨ
žӣһʧӰ
ϡ
Ȼûɱ٣Լʦֱӣ֪ʫʫĻšֶĵɱȴȴһ䱸Լ˽Ų
һһأ𣬶ٶȼ졣δͷŲѾͣʫʫתף㲻ɰһС
վһɣˣվһߣһͣ㣡
ʫʫ˿ڵ
ǣʫʫܵĵͷ㡭ô֪
̤
һʫʫ̤εնһǳɡ
һƥ
ۡ
ٱһն룬ʫʫȵؽųһԲΡ¶º͵Цݵ
ҺïѣӵФ·˵أû뵽ʫʫ
ʦأλʦأҼǵһƷһɣ
ǰʫʫصؿʦѾȥˣҴʦȥ磬Ҷʦȥ˳ϼ
ۡ
ʫʫһŵصͷһԼ̧࣬ͷˣǸˣһſڣѪӿ
Ϊʲô
ʦɱġҵɱһôһҪɱеĵӡ
ۡ
γƫͷһ۵ӪĵطѸٵȡʫʫ͵Ĵλ˻Σ뵽Уʧټ
䡭
һƥг˳̤˶УŰ߱ĺȻˮž䡣ǰٶ죬ֻһڣһ㣬˰ߡ
ʦ㣡
ž䷭һѪĵܵʫʫǰͨһ£ʫʫǰðѪɫһţ
ʦ㡭
ž˫ۣʫʫ˻סغ
˻˻
ȴ֪ʱеĽƶȻ˷ʫʫѪƮž࣬˽ȥ
һУžȫȻ֪żغʫʫ
ʫʫѵſ۾ž伤ʦ㣡
졭ߡʫʫѵҪءСġ㡭ˡ
ʫʫͷһᣬûϢ
ʦ㡭
ž䱯

ˣ
ͻȻ˴С˳ԭҲץĵӡһһߺһĿͻȻ
ǵʦˣʫʫžɱˡ


142 ͼ
žоһûпҳֻ֣ǿʫʫͷŽѾ϶ʦɱ˵١ڴʱ˸ߺ
žǶץס
ʱžȴ侲ʮӶĵӣԺлʦղŶ˵Ļ
ߣҪص
ڡ
ž䱧ʫʫֱƥĺϣ˫һС
ɡ
˻ڿնһܱ֮ϣ̤˶УʧããӼ䡣
Ӫء
Ŀŵϵĵʬ壬΢΢üͷѾ˵ӵĽô˵ǿĳǣӱֻˡ
٣ʫʫž䣬ûˡ
žʫʫȴ˼ӣ飬ѾоųɿԿ϶žʫʫɱ˵١
Ѷصͨʫʫž䣬ۡ
̤̤̤
ʱѾ뿪ӣһ١ž仳бʫʫ涫ֻɰУֻҪԶӪؾͺá

ž̾ϢһеʫʫѾ䡣Щҡ
ⲻʱ䣬̫࣬ǰûнַ˸顣
ΪǰϽѰһǲݣȴƽʥŮץԼ½ƣòǰΪƽıʧƱ䣬ȴֲò뿪뵽ž䲻̾Ϣһ
ûнڵĽƣӦѾԼ׷ɱ˰ɣ
Լȥδӣ
ҡ
еʫʫѾѪȫȻûע⵽ԼʫʫദɱԼڵĽѪҺϵؽ뵽֮С
ʱﻹעЩ
ʦòѾЩʧȥ˷硣
ο
ʱһҪϸ˼
֮ǰһƴӣȥڱѪȴһڻ˼¼
ͨһˮʱ򣬾Ȼһƥںˮڻ档
ƥͨѩףȴںһͼ
һƥںˮ棿
ž俴ǰʱ򣬼ΡһѪ˳ȥֱƥϡ
ƥҲȫû뵽һͻȻһѪǿѪֱϡֻ˲䣬ž͸оԼƥһ˿ϵԼƺܹ˽ǰ˼ά
ǡ
ˡ
δž䷴Ӧϵͼ⻪ţһ⣬žüġ
̤̤̤
ͬһһ㣬ڵ汼СžϣԼʶ
ȻͷԼվһռ֮ڣһſǳĿռ䣬
žۿǳͼϽֳ֮ɫ
Һ񿴹ͼ
ʲôط
ˣδ뿴һϿͼʲôţ
ͼ
Ǻͼ
Ǵ˵еĺͼ
ž伤ˣ㿪ʼںͼниʵ飬ǽ
Ҳûзͼʲôã
Īһٵĺͼɣ

ž³һʱŸоԼʹ֪ԼƲᣬȻûмʱˣһơ
ټȥˣ
žʹʱѾɽ֮УҲ֪ԼӣͿˣӵĲߵľٵźﶼģ
žһ£ƥٶȣЩȫ׷Լڶ֪ܳȥԶ˵Ѿǧˡ
̧ͷѾҹʱ֣ɽиҹ·ʮֲȫҲ֪򣬱ȵ
ͣ
ɡ
˻һͣ
ͨ
ž䱧ʫʫһ£һƨ˵ϡȴǲ䱸
ɡ
ǰ˻ƫƫžˣ˼ΧûΣա
žָ̧һ°һƥͨ
ͷһۻеʫʫֳ֮ɫ̾Ϣһʫʫʬһߣһģ䣬ֳЦֻʣһʣǱѾӡȡ£õʿʼڿӡ
һбʡ
¹һ·ϣһľƵĹڷǰ
ʦʫʫ֮Ĺʦž
ҹϰϰҶɳɳ죬һԵƺѾվ˯ˡ
žȡ˵ҩ£ʼתǬһҩϢˡ
ˡ
žתһ֮󣬸Ҫתڶʱȴоʶ𶯣㻺չȻһ뵽ʶĺͼռ䣬һſǳͷųһ˿˿ǹ⣬ڰ۳һƬ
ž濴һ飬пϲ
ǬһȴǸǬһ
ռĹ
˵ǿͼǺͼ


143 򶨳
Ǻͼռ䣿
žǿԼ侲Ȼؿ˼ǬһŴӺͼռ˳۾һۣԼϥڷǰҲûΣյĶɰһԼ뵽ͼռڣ棬ͻȻ޹
ԸĹ
֪һ£ԼƻָɣҵҩҩЧĵòˣַʳһŵҩȻСؿʼǬһ
һẕ̌о˲ͬ
ٶȶȻһת֮УΪ𾫴Ҳһ
ֱ˽ǣžһڵЩ졣пϲζʮ֮ǰܹͨΪԪǿߡ
пǰһꡣ
˵ҩ֮Ѿָ߳ɣٷʳһŵҩӦܹȫȬž仹ͣѾʳŵҩˣʳţ岢áƻʱ֣ٷʳŵҩ
̧һĨǰһԼģװһЩƽʱõĶڵַһЩԴȥɽ·һЩҩʯЩԴһͲ̫ࡣ
װĶϽƽʥŮ͸Դžһ£ЩԴڸĹԿ֧ͻƵԪ硣ԼŬһЩʮ֮ǰžųɰմﵽԪ
ʱԼıԸǳΪԪʿԼһľ磬ȴǴֿɵãһʱ֮䣬žҲм
һסеļʼԼȥδӣ
ǻزȥˣԼϲضΪԼʦɱ˵١Ȼƺڵ˽žԵ˽ֻƤëǵܹҶȴѹ˳̶ȣ˵ٵڵף˵ٵıڵ򵥡ˣضᷢͨ㣬Ҫش󻪣Ǽֱ
ֻǡ
ž¶֮ɫ
ҪԼݱף᲻Ǩŭδ룬Լĸ׺壿

ž̾ϢһǵǨŭʱҲܻȥ
ԼȥҲǨŭһȥӴδ룬͸壬ضᱻǨŭնɱ˵Ѿ˼δϱ䵱УԼ֡
ܻȥ
Լȥδǰȫġ߸ϣˡ׷ɱҲ׷ɱԼͽ
˴ŵƲ⣬Ϊڵ꣬ҲʦһЩĹ£ҲûгֹӵĵӣҲֻ׷ɱӵӣûǨŭ֮ˡ
Ͻ
žҡҡͷϽ϶ȥȥϽûʲôһʥŮ֪Լ˵ͽԼҲʧȥüֵ
ţ
žü֮両ֳǡԼࡣʱԼ滹һơԼȥϽ֪Լ׷ɱҲŪԼջؽơ
͸ȥϽˡ

У
Щ˾ȥɽԼȥͶ
˱ֻʣ±ˡ
ѩ
Լûȥ
ȥ
գžɽּ䴩ֱƻʱ֣Լ·ˡ
߽粻ǧˣҹδһ˾˽µİ棬򶨳ǡǴڿı߽ϣһǳء
һ˷糾ͣ뵽򶨳ǣѾǻƻʱ֡ûй飬ֱס˿ջϴֵ֮һ¥ŸоԼƣָһЩ
һ·ϣ˸ΣգдٵǿǿޣۿűСܹ˻򶨳ǣʵΪס
ҹδɰͰ֮ڿջڵϣһ裬ü֮΢΢ֳһ˿
֮ΪͻͽһǧֻǶ̶̵Ĳµʱ䣬ΪѾﵽ˴徳۷塣
Ҳõ˷Ѿһ߳ͷҲһͯģ¶Ůķɡ
ǡ
һ⣬Լ⡣ǽ
ʵѾԼΪʲôֻ˲µʱ䣬ͻƵ徳۷壬Ϊ˸֮󣬹ͷϵķƱ㿪ʼظıĸ֯ϵķơ
ͷͬɣ֯ٱ֦ͬҶɶʱ䣬֦ҶҲض𽥷ʱ䡣
ҹδĸռķƣıĸνϾ޽Сҹδûʱƣҹδĸ֯ٶıܹ֮ȻȻشﵽ徳۷塣ҹδֻǼӿһ̡


144 Ѱ
ͨҲˡ
ҹδѾ˶ߣ֮ǰѾﵽ˴徳۷壬ΪûкĹΪһֱͣΡҹδ벻ԸˣȻûйÿҲʱ䣬þԼȫҪܲҳһܹķ
˹۲˼죬Ȼûҵķȴһ𾪵ϲ
ǱԼĸڼӰԼ塣
ԭΪԼﵽ˴徳۷壬ǸǶԼƳ׽ڲǹȵ֯ϵķƶ֮ǰȻָ֣ûн
徳һ׶ʲô
ͨ
ͨ
ȿڵʮѨѨλЩѨλھ˵涼ӵʡֻ˻һЩѨλͨͬһ΢СĵһмѨˣѾ콾ˡ˳ɾעǷ
ʿҪͱضԼ壬Լ岻ϵطı䣬շʱ䡣ԾһΣ˥ԴﵽĿġ
ʵϣʿﵽǸΣѾ룬ǵѾȻ̵ͬĳʼͨ
ȱǴͨųʮѨڵʣʮѨһ΢СĵȻʮѨڴ洢ΪԴͷʼͨһͨʮѨ
ǳѨ
ͨڷΪŸΣÿͨĸѨΪһΡ
ôҹδѨӵµ
Ȼǣ
ӵµûʵ
Ѩȫӵµʿ˵ɣʿеľųɾŶѨȫӵµģӵµʵ̶ȻǲͬġеʿѨӵµϡɣʿͱȽϿ죬еʿӵµ÷ǳʵʿͷǳԣرʿĳʼ׶ΣĺҪ
ҹδʾͲ˵ˣĺܲҲᱻȷʮꡣÿһѨ϶ӵµʮʵ
ҹδʵӵµʣҪʱ䣬ܹͨѨϣһҪһù
ҹδûУ
ԼѨҲظı䣬ȸıѨڱϵķơ

ѨڱҲзƣڸǸıϵķ֮󣬱㿪ʼıȫѨڱϵķơЩڱϵķƿʼرڱϵķƱԭʵӵҲʼһ˿˿رų⣬̶ɡ
Ȼ̺ҹδ۲⼸죬Ҳֻųһ˿ʡ
ȴǷ
˵ʲô
˵ҹδ뼴ǲҲźܴĿܣԼѨϻһ㱻ųеʣ̶ΪѨͨ콾
ҹδϲȴҲҹδĽ
ָѨԼųʣ֪Ҫ£һӶ֪ܴܲﵽȫͨĳ̶ȡɲǽųô򵥡ЩѾӷ̹ЧһųѨڵʣһΪҪЧѨϡ
ͨĹֻܹųѨڵʣûѨϵĹЧõĹȴŽһѨϵĹЧ
Ҫ֪ѨϾͬ΢СĵȻѨڵĿռԽʿʵԽǿԽõĹѨϵЧԽá
еĹֻܹѨʮ֮һеʮ֮ȵȣõĹ˵ԽѨϿһ
һ·ϣҲһЩҹδҲѰٹۣЩҹδ⣬õĹҲֻܹչѨʮ֮
ҹδҪҵһõĹ˵һ뿪ض֮һ
򶨳һǣϣܹջɡ
ҹδЩϴ˯
ա
һ򶨳ڣǵȫΪҹδѰҹΪδһ·Уǽǳߵ·ȫǴɽҪ򲹸ߵĲǵȻߵ·ߵ·Ҫܶ࣬ҲΪ˾쵽ɽԼǧصˣɽʧˡ
·Ҫ߹ٵΣࡣ
򲹸齻˼׺ͳ޲ˡӷͬҹδȥѰҹ
ĺӷȶҹδ࿴֮ǰȫȻͬ
û֮ǰһ
ۿҹδ벻µʱ䣬ͻƵ˴徳۷壬ϲģǾ콾òã
ԣҲҹδ룬ҹδĴѰҹ
һʱܿȥȥ˺̣ܶȴûҵҹδҪĹһϼܹչѨ϶֮һҪݸʿʡ
ҹδ뻹ʱҪٿûҵٻϼⱾȫܹһֱԪ硣


145 ǳ
һҾƹݼ򵥵سһ٣ּ䣬ֻǲһСʱ㿴еĳ۹̣ȴҹδʧ
ҹδʧЩӴ磬߰ɣȥ̣ϼ
һҹδתͷһվ
ǣ
̵ƹ
ƹ£ӷ¶һ˿䱸
ƹЦҹδûв´λҪѰһƷߵĹɣ
ҹδ۾һǣĪƹд
ҹδôʲûеÿ̶һЩƷߵĺöЩͨǲڹ̨ģˣݵĹ͵ġ
ȻƹЦͷУ롣
ҹδоϲ˱ƹһ䣬ϲ衣ƹԵȣȥûһһӻݸҹδ
ѣȿǰҳȻ̸
ҹδͷܿ쿴ǰҳȻؽǱӷ¡ӷ弱æڵ
ҹۣΣ
ܺãҹδ̧ͷⱾǳ䣬Ӵ˵
ǳ䣿
ӷɫޱ䣬ǱӣƹҲûȴǿڵ
ֻܹǰҳ
ӷͷܿ쿴ǰҳȫ𾪡
Ӵ磿ҹδỽ
ӷ³һҲ֪ǲǳ䣬һùֻǡǳ䣬𡣶ҡ
ɵƹ񣺡ƹҲδؿɣ
γɱ𣿡
ӷ͵ֻǴڴ˵֮Уδ˵ֹ˵Уڵķܲأ쾭ǳ䣬Ǵǳ֧ݻ
ǡƱأ
ƽһаĹУǳ޹ء
˵ƹ񣺡ƹܹһ𣿡
ƹЦЦⱾǰյģдǳ䣬ǲģҲ֪
ӷɫӻɣ֪ƹû˼Լ޷ҲԼĺɣ
ƹҡҡͷѷӺܱɣ
ţ
Ϊֻд徳ͨеĿϾͨڵĳѨûС
ӷɫһ䣺ҿԿһҳ𣿡
룡ƹֵ
ӷѲӷһҳȻֻϲ֡ûеʣƹ˵
Ȿӵõʱ򣬾ֻôࡣԣҲѡʺϵʿǶûгɹҲͣõĽⱾӷǳܱǳ䡣ѩͷҲȥһݣҲΪôҲδɹ
ҪҿõѳдһݣʮƷʯ
ǲҪӷ̽ϡ
Ϊʲôҹδ벻ʵ
ӷ͵ƹνû˳ɹ˵û˿ϳɹ˵ö԰ɣ
ƹͷֻǿϣܶ˶ɹˡҿٳѨҲչ㣬õչһ
ⲻǳɹ𣿡ҹδ뾫һ
ƹʼ磬ӷ͵ҹۣ֮󣬱ͨûкͨɾΪˡ
Ϊʲô
ΪѨչ̫Ȼ̲صͺܶ࣬ǳĻѨڵҲӦüΪûжӦͨͲƿŨ;ʱ򣬱ͬ㲻ƿһΪӿĴȥˢһӵһ㣬ӵȻͱˡ
ҹδֻ룬˶ƹƹͷ
λ˵ò󣬾飬ÿһʿΪ˷ˡһ⡣ܸʲôûгɹҲ˵ĿǰΪֹûκһֹܹԣĿǰĽֻ֡һǳΪˡһǲΪͣڿ۷塣
ڼžƹڣ˵ʵҲ§ݴӣֶΪ֮
ҹδ벻ҲͰˣҲûʲôʧˣǾ͸ˡԼܹ׬һѣֻöԷдһݰˣԺ󻹿Լ
ӷȴһģҹδˡ
ƹֻжʮƷʯ
ҹۣӷ弱ˣ
֪ҹδͷӴ粻Ҫģû˵Ҫֻоһ¡
ǡ
ҹδȴǰڰ֣Ŀƹ
ӷȴǼöЩסˡ
ʲôֻоһ£ӷȸͲţһˣôֵܵסջ
ƹȴҡͷУ
ӷȶһƹĿⶼֳһ˿м


146 
ҹδźҡҡͷվǾˣлƹд
ӷѾסҹδſȥƹǸˡҹۣǸϽߡ

ƹͻȻˣ۲һ£Щȷҹδ˼ǺӷȴԲҹδ򡣶ʱҹδҲӷߵſڣƹ˵֣ӷҲŲֶͣ˷š
ˣ
ƹ̿ڣʮƷʯֻҹδ볭дһݣǰ׬ģ׬Ϊʲô׬
Ȼڿûкһ﹦
ҹۣ
ӷ巢ҹδס˽Ųмˣҹδָҹδ˺ӷֵ
Ӵ磬ֻǿ
㡭
ӷ̾Ϣһ֪ԼѾˣǲֹҹδˡԼҹδֻʱ飬ԼûԷ
ҹδǸؿ˺ӷһۣллӴ硣
ӷҡҡͷ˵
ҹδ첽˻ȥ£ʱҲԼĴȡʮƷʯ˶ԷƹӹʯЦ
Ҹ׼ֽʡ
ãһᱳ
ҹδ뿪ʼһҳһҳķԭͲʮҳҹδľһͻĿ
ܿ죬ͿⱾӣȻ۾뵽ռ䣬ϱֳʧ֮ɫ֮ҪǶռڴռ֮ǰһڹû˿
ֳį֮ɫƹָǣ뿪̡
ȥĶӷ
ȥϼ

Ⱥͺӷ嶼һ˵ҹδ뻹ûоǳ䣬ûС˺ܿ칺ϼ˿ջ˼Ҳˣҽ˷֣Ϣһҹ뿪򶨳ǡ
֮
ɽ֮УҹδһѾƥͽС·ΪվҲЩ˶֮ˣܹдСԱˣҹδҪһЩϾֻǴ徳۷壬˷ٶȣ͸ˡ
ǣ˶ҹδȴû˿Ϊһ·ϣҹδʦҲࡣΪûеʦȴû뵽ҹδ˷ЧȵʦǺҹδദǼΪǢһ·໥Ϥ࣬Ҳ˺ܶࡣ
ˣ˼ͻȻڵ֣ǼԴɣ
ţôˣӷ弸һĿ䱸Ѱܣһ߻ص
֪һҹδķʦ𣿡
ӷͷ˵ûм˵츳ǳˣҹۣҲǷʦӦüҹδɣ
ףҲҹǽðɣȺҹδ롣
Цҹۣҹδ룬ҹĻɣ
ᣡ
ε˼ҡͷһ˵עҹδ붼棬˼Ϊʲôô϶Լҹδ롣
˼Ҳûӣ͵һѣ㡣ھǵʱҹδ츳ˣҴҸͨţҹδķ츳ȴҲΪҹδź
ҹδ㣬һӿ¶
Եͷһˣ޷ġ˵徳Ų۷壬Ǵ徳۷壬һδܹﵽǿۿҹ۵Ϊһǧֻûйűڴ徳Ų۷塣
ңҹδҹۣӵҹδȱ
һ·ĴȥѰ
ԣԵҹ۶޿ҹδ롣
ԼҹδǲܵģԼԭ͵ܳģڰٶˣɳѰԼҲ˵ͲµԼȥɽˣϾԼȥˡ
ܾô¶ڶ֪ˣ˺ܿͻ֪˭֪᲻ᴫȥ
˭֪᲻ᴫĴѰԼ˶У
ɲ뱻ץȥǸӣĲġȻԼΪ磬Լռ䰡
ȻҲ֪ڷɽУռܷãһأ
ȻϣܲȥðգԱȥɽԼҲ֪ʱ˶ԼҲ֪Լ˵ûмҹδ룬ҶǷʦڴôûм
ͷ
һ˶Ȥˣ߿ˡ޲ҹδ룿
ҹδҡͷûݹϵֻɶҹ
ǹϵɣϾҹ١
ǵǣѡ
ҹֻ˳Żͷ˵ȴͷʹһѻҪĻѻȥֲ
ȷʵ𣿡׺ʵ
ţҹδͷ
˼ʵķ츳ˣ


147 ͻ
ԣҹδֳһ˿شҹδΪҹδ¾֣ҹδѾش¾ϵ󷨺ͷش¾˼
˼һӣŪˡ
˲㣬ȴҹδĹ¡ӷ㣬ǿϧˡ˵Խĳ治еˣԽҹδǷҲˣÿ컹赶
ûСΪúӷӡаҹδԼֿҹδʾ֭ҹδԼ˵òͬ
ҹδһӼΪ浾Ůô˵ءţϲ֯Ů죬ǻýһ֣ƽʱоȥƷ˾ǴŲŲΪ֪硭
ҹδԽԽɫ˷ܣ赸
ϲŮ˼̾ϢһǱ㣬ˮ¥̨ȵ°
ҹδɫһ죬֪Լˣ֧شҹδû˵
ô᣿ѵСӸˣŶ֪ˣҹδʡóªɣ
Ȼǣ
κһŮҲ뱻˵ɳªҹδҲ󣬲Щܻ
ҹδʡñǣò绨Ųǳ˹أ
ҲΪ⣬Ϊҹۺҹδ˼ҹδǸҹδ첻
˼úЦԺ˼ҹδҲò˼ֺǺ
ͣ
ǰ˼ͻȻͣס˽Ų֣ɫ΢䣬ҹδΪͣǾȴǼǿġ߳ӿյɳɳܼ֮꣬ԽԽ졣
ಡ
֮гӰʮĺӣܵˮʪ͸ž֮ɫ˼һУбһϲ˼Ҫʣȴ˺Ǹž룬һԾһԽ֮󣬵һһŷƮˡ
͡
Сģ
˼һ趯гҲ׷趯ҹδҲˣһҺ˼ѧһ׽ʱҲû硣
ŷֻһŽǱĽȴܼ꣬Ȼ˵ˣȴ赲ˡ

ʧ˵ӰѾʧڴּ䡣
ãӷ循һ
˻˻˻
˻ͷĿ֮涼һ޼ʵȺߴļʮףСֻ࣬Ѿӵ󣬾ǲס
ಡ
һֻֻڵһ˼˹
ۡ
˼æתնɱһߣȳ֮ζУߵ̫ˣֻǺ֮䣬Ҫûˡ
䡭
ҹδһŻڵ棬ȼ˲ݴԡȺһ١
ܣ
˼һ˱ͷܡ
͡
ȺȻη˻棬ӴȺȻѹ˻棬ں׷ᡣ
͡
ҹδ뷴ӳһŽܼĽһ㼤䣬һƬ˵ϣߴǵʬι׷
˵һ·ӣһͷһۣһ¡ؿڵ
ãһȺ
˵ܣ
ͷӣԼһӺվϡ
ף¾߳ףȴɫ
ꡭ
ߴĴִ֦ɿֿ˼ΣȻһ壬αͬӥһҡŶȥȥƽ䣬ӳһ֦Ȼż֦һ㣬ٴηҡ˼Ѿ˶ϣͷһۣ˲ɷЦ

ĿЦУѾ˶ϳ˼Ӱһӻ˼
л
쵰
˼ؿʧϣɽ·ӡ
ɡ
һƥּ䱼ϵž䡣
ٶ̫ˣž·ʱ䣬ֲߴ·һ·ߴɽ䣬ڳɽ֮߼ѣ޷ߡȴȫ⡣ֻһ·ߣȴû뵽ߵ˾Զı߽硣

۾һǿǳͽڳɽдеĿ࣬ͬһƥͲᱻЩ߲ϡϬȻ·һеĳϵž䲱Ӵȥһžնȥ
žŨüһһһץףƥȻͣסת㣬ͬǴնǸ˹ȥͬʱһб˹ȥ


148 ѡ

һĻڴԼӳĽϣ㽫ǽ˿ȥαһԾ˫߳ÿһȶͬһȴǵؼǬ
žúͼ˹֮û뵽ЧԼƲĻãֻǲʱ䣬ѾͻƵ۷壬ټϵؼǬǸžĶ֣
ֻǵһű߷˺еĳڶű糤һ˺ӵԴϡ
ꡭ
ǺӵĲӱһ죬ˡ
顭
ֻͬǴһ߷һеĳһǸӵǰءǺӵǰ˲ȥͬһ㵹˳ȥ
飡
žڵһ壬αҡֽסǱͬӥһŻڿеɵǸӸȥ
ۡ
ǸӻΪأԴѾž俳Ѹٵ˵ʬһ飬һһʧ
䡭
´ҹδ벻ͣͷһŻ赲ȺĿ˼Ҳ֮ͬǰһ㣬֦Ծ£ܿ߾ֻʣ˺ӷҹδ롣ӷ
ҹۣߣ
䡭͡
ҹδͷһŻһŽֻǷʦܹ赲ߵĿ˺Ϻ󣬴ʱӷԣͷһ³׾£ɫֳһ˿ţ
Ӵ磬ȥ
ӷɫԥһ£һҧұ㣡
䣬Ѿõļ֦ҹۣ
ã
䡭͡
ҹδͷһŻһŽȻѸٵԼͺӷ˵ϸͷһ
飡
ӷڵһ壬αҡŶȥӳһ֦ż㣬αٴԾ𣬼䣬Ѿʮסٴһ֦żһ㣬ٴǺӷҹδɫһ䣬ӷоһԾ˸߶Ȳ
ã
ϵɫ䣬Ҫ׹ˡ
ʱĺӷǵͨ죬ŬŶȥȴָ߶µؿʼ׹ʱֻңȴѾˡ
飡
˼ȻӶ温˹һץס˺ӷֱۣϷһ˦ӷ屳ҹδһ㣬֮ϼ䣬˼׹䡣
ಡ
һ֦䵽˼Ľ£˼żһ㣬΢һ١ϵӳһζ֦ڿгһ̬Ľݡ
ಡ
˼˫̤֦νڽϡ
֣ллӷǰʩ
˼ȴǰֵûҹʦΪȺߣǻ֪ܼܲʱԽ¡
ŶȥϣѾȺûǣԼ˻˻ţһʱ֮䲻ɺëܼʱ£ҹδϷľԼ˱ǹͷ¶ʣ¡
飡
һȭԵһôϣǿôһ۶ϣ£׺
ұɱǡ
ԣɱǣ޲ܲԶ׷
ಡ
һǰ׷ȥӷһѽҹδԼĺϣ˫硣ֻûܳʮϢʱ䣬˾ͣȵؿŵϵʬ塣
˼һʬǱɱˣǱġǺù򡣡
ã
ã
鲻ɴˬȻ΢Ϣһٶֻ̣Ǳˬҹδȴܲá
ԼۺӷԼһ׹ԭ򻹲ΪԼΪ̫ͣ
ԼΪ㹻ֺֹڴˣ
һţһ˼š
ЩԥЩǳϼҲμϣռ䣬ûá
ռԹ֮ĸûзӦҹδ棬ϾһСףѧߡһѧǳϼһʺԼĹôܣ
ԣڰǰֻ·
һ·ϼȫܹһֱԪ硣սˮ׼Ҽҹδһ;ǳѧߣǱϾԴƣҲܹƲһϼ֮;߲ԶҲ۷Ԫˡ
ڶ·ǳ䣬ŵսǿȱȴԣһҲԼһӾǿ۷ˡ
·ʲôҲŽ뵽ɽҲԼܹԵǵԼصӦò͸ԼһֹȻǹ϶ǳȴܹȥӦñϼǿ
Ϊ֮ʱʹ˵·ΪҪǿھıǣǳϼ


149 Ѩ
أ˷˽Ųӷ˶̧ͷۿҲ̧ͷȥȴһ澰
ֻ֮һܲһʣҫмһ߷
ʲô
ҹδд棡
䡭
ͬһܼ˵Ϻ͵ϣϵҶžž졣
ֻ˲䣬Ļ㳶죬ǰһƬ룬Զּ
ܣ
һ˰շŵļ䣬ǰܣΪǼǵ÷һһ磬ҲǰͲꡣ
ಡ
ֻ˶ʮϢʱ䣬оǰһҫϣůģҲûڵ䣬̧ͷȥǵܲͬһ㡣һȴտһƬ
澰˼һ̾
ǰⱲӻǵһμ澰׸ֶ̧ͷա
ҹδ뿴žԼֻһ׶Զĵ棬Լߵˮմڶꡣ
޳
ҹδ벻ɸ̾бһ
޳
ƸĴҼ̫ҲֻǸ룬һµ˴һȴ겻䣬һûм̫аԡ޲
޳׸̾
ҹδһв޳
ôˣԵĺӷתͷҹδ롣
ûʲôҹδҡҡͷаˡ
߰ɣ˼
ٴ̣ҹδ˺棬ɫòͣ
޳
ԼΪʲôһҪѡǸأ
ȥɽνһԼӦÿǵǾܴԼʵֻԼʵˣŶһıϡԼ˷ɽ̸ʲôδ
ֻҪܹӷɽųδ
Ҳһ˲ҹδ˾
ǳ䡣
ڽܷõǽ飬Ǿܵʵڷɽжһֱϣ簲ȫش
ҹ
Χҹδļ佫ǳ䷴˼ΣһʼתǳѨ
ǲǳ䣬ҹδ벻֪ЧĺãһУЧҹδһټҹδļʣٶȼ죬Χ˿˿ҹδ壬Ȼܹۿɼ
ӷ˻ȻĿȻܹ֪ΧļΧȡһաɫһ
ҹδ빺ǳ飬Ҷ֪ˡһ̬ƣǾ֪ҹδڳѨ
ϼЧ˱ֻܹǳˡ
һ·ϺҹδദöܺãʱɫҲ赲ҹδ룬ʱ赲ҹδ߻ħѨϱ
ӷ̾ϢһվѡǸб
ʵϣЩûǱбǳ䣬ΪֻһǿĹбˡʱҹδٶȣüëһ
һǿĹҴδģֱǾ̰
ӷȴҡͷҪģǿĹûк
ɫ㶼ֳźбǲǳ䣬ֻٶȣһǿĹĹǧȥҺ
ҹδҲֻܹһһڵǿˡ
˼ڵҵǾҹۣԵǲҹ֮
νʵ
˼ֳһ˿Ȼ˵ʵЩܴܲӷɽδ֪Ļ᲻£ʲôδ
Ȼʲô취̶ܹȵʵʲô취
˻ȻҹδĿźҲһ˿塣
ٺ٣ͻȻЦʵϣҹҲδ̫ںûкһͣڿڣҲδ⡣Ϊһʦߵһ·
԰ӷͻȻһĴȵʦһϸǿԷѨģȻͽ⡣
˼Ҳͷҹڷʦϵ츳ϸӦû⡣
İҲ޷Ϊҹδ뽫ΧˣԴԴϵؼҲһڶƵĵҹδաԣҲΧҹδߣһΪҹδ뻤һ߿ҹδֹЧΣ
谭ӿҹδ壬֮ҹδѾͨ͸֮塣
뵽ڣӿʮѨĵһѨһ˿˿߽ѨڵʣȻų⡣
ԭѾʼһ˿˿ɵʣ糱ӿһĳ£ʼһһ߽⣬ų


150 ͻ
ԼһСʱ󣬵һѨڵһ˿ʱų⣬ʼѨϷӵѻԽԽ࣬Ѩϡ
ֹȥ˴ԼһСʱΧҹδ˶ͻȻһ£شҹδһ졣
ͻˣ
ʱҹδĵһѨչˣҹδ뾪ϲǣһѨϲչһ
ϲѨչԽʵԽǿ
ǣ͸ûˣһ֮£;ˡ
Ѷˣ
ҹδоԼ弡Щۣ֪Լ쿪һϣѾﵽ˼ޣټȥĻᱻӿˢˡ㻺չ³һ۾
ҹۣǲǸбӷ弱æڣлһ˿ΣҹδûǸ
ţҹδͷ
ͿӷȻ֪ҹδߵķʦ·ӣۿҹδʣлǾź
ҹδҡҡͷ֪ӷΪԼźû˵ʲôȴչڵ
ҹۣѨչ˶٣
۾һҹδ뿪ѾֹܹչöһЩҲǲ
һ
ҹδû˵ʵΪ˵Щ̫ˡȻᣬȴҲò׾
˻
˲ɵһչһѵǸбǳ䣿
еҲûʲôʣΪҶ֪ҹδΪҲֹڿ۷壬ǵҹδ뽫ʶϸܹΪϸôף
ҵҹδõǳ䣬Ҳûǿˣǰæܷ⣬ǸҲֻǱҲûãҲԼĺ
ҹۣԸо޲
ҹδ۾һվΣһյأγ㿪ʼ˼ڸĿ罣
˻˻˻
һӣҹδ뽫罣ʮʽϣ͸¶ϲã
ҵ֮ǰӯ࣬Ҳ˺ܶࡣ
Ȼ˼ͷ֮ѨۻҪǣûп֮ǰƽʱǲܱġֻʱ򣬲Żʹ塣һڵͻԶɢ⡣ӵ˿֮ȻڲʱڵҲɢȥɢȥٶȻή͡Ҳ˵ڵʱӳʱҲӳ
ѨϿԽ࣬ѨչԽɢٶȱԽ͡Ȼ屻ʱҲԽڴȻӯȻ
£ԽԽǿϵʱҲӳֻһϣ͸оۣȹЩӣ屻øΪǿͣԳһϡ
˵ʵһܹһϣѾʮֳԾˡͨ£һϣҪ죬ʮʱ䣬ҪһһȥųʡΪܲӿ롣ܹһξͿһϣ֤ĺá
ֻûкϧˣ
˲ɶ̾ϢһΪҹδϧ
ҹδ˼ȴһߣ˼Ľ֪Լͱ˲ͬԼԴ˸֮󣬼ǲʱҲ˿˿壬ʹ塣һ֮õ˽һҲΪʲôܹסĳˢһͿһϵԭ
˵ǵټϿһϣԺٶ࿪ϣԼǿͻŷٵ˵ԺԼһУ࿪ϣֹϡԼڣѨϵϱϵķƻڼϵԶ߽ѨڵʣʱԽԽϡɣԺ᲻һʮϣ
һֻƵ
ã
ҹδվ˹ǰһȭ˹׵ơ
飡
һ죬׵˿ҹδε˹ףɫ΢ֳһ˿ź
ĺǿҲĺܺáһȭӦóĿһʿһࡣϧˣ
һ뵽ҹδʣȴֹڿڣҲһźҹδȴ¶ϲ
ֻʹһȻ߱ˣԼѨֻչһοʹȫ
ЩӣҲȤ򵥵˼䣬ֿʼҹδҲʼ칤
˼ܹ뵽ģȻҲܹ뵽Ҫϸ뽫ʶŶ;֮󣬲ܹʼϸֻء
գ˼ǰС
ҹ䣬ҹδ
һȥҹδǿ͵ٶԽԽ졣˵ھ죬ҹδѾ˰ϣһ죬ҹδ뾹Ȼϣﵽʮϡһ쿪ʼҹδΪ϶ˣǿø죬ѨڱϵķҲıɣԶ߽Ѩٶȸ죬Ѿϡ


151 ɽ
ҹδ뿪ϵٶԽԽ죬ȵ߳ɽɽѾԶʱҹδѾʮȫҾ㶼չ
øӯø󡣰չ׵Ļ˵ڵʵѾڳɹʿ⻹ҹδôһҹδʹȫӦѾ˳ɹʿ
ʼڹٵϣ㶼ԸǰɽʿڷɽüԼܹһɳ졣
պ
ѾԶԶؿ˷ɽ
ɽɻǸɽƺûʲô仯ֻһȦһȦĹ⻷ԷɽΪ浴š
˷ɽ£ɽˡ
е˺ԥ̤˷ɽеȴԥ
˼һ£ӷɽʼδнȥ˳ҹδҲȥ䣬ûд
Ҳǣôˣ˭ע⵽磿
ӦѾɽˡ
˾ûʲôԥڴһ֮󣬱㹺һЩȻȻ̤˷ɽ
һ̤ɽ˾ͣס˽Ųһ𾪣žºͿ־塣
ɽǸɽˡ
Ұеһж쳣޴
ⶸȻҹδ˶𵴣ʵ̫ͻȻҲ̫ˡɽֱ񷣬ľƶˣǲݶ˸ߣҹδ˺ΧĻͬһֻֻϡ
⡭󡭡
˶ɹ˹˵ſˮ𵴾þòƽϢ
ҳֻǱ˴˽˼ǣô죿
ɻͷȥһڱߣѾʱ·ȻǴʱʱķλ˻ȥδؾͲ˳ɽǣߣ¾Ҳ߲ɽˣǷɽʧ
ʱ˵вԥ
ֻһΡ
֮ǰûмɽһİٱʱݷɽ֮Уҡͷ

ҹδ³һ־ᶨҲ뿪Ҫҵ硣
ôģ˼ڿڵ
ҡ
˼뵽һ·ǧ࣬ڵɽ˳һֹڴˣȱʲôһҧ
£
ȻʱҲָЩľ
ӷҲ˾˾ˣ˼һѡˣضӰˣѡȻҲӰ˱ˡ
Ҳӷ˵Ȼҹδûгʵҹۣ㡭
ҹδֳõЦݣȻҪһء
ҹδЦòãûһ˿ľңӷҲɸп
㵹Ĵ󣡡
ҹδЦӷתͷ˵Ƿֿһ𣿡
Ȼһ𡣡
˲һ£δ֪Ļ£ȻҪšӷȻҲϣţһϲ
ĸ򣿡
˱Ȼʼĸ
ȿȡҹδ˵ע˹ҾĸҪ
Ϊʲô
ΪǸǶܿ·̫Сˡ
ɫһ䣬Ȼ㶼Ĭ
ǰ
̫СˣСͬϣֻӲݶǸߣգ޷
ֻҪȦӾСҹδ˵߱ڲҶºۼͺá
˼ͷͻǰ׵󣬺ӷ࣬Ҳ࣬޲ҹм䡣ĸ·ͷ޲ǹ֣Զ̹ҹǷʦͷŷǹǷԼǵҲҪ㡣ӪʱҲҪ㲼󡣡
û⣡
ӦȻѸվõֱֳͣʼǰС
֮ܲ䣬˲ʱػӵиڲҶϣºۼԼԭתȦûз֡
ˡ
Ȼͣס˽ŲɫýţΪǸоһ޴ӰѾǡȻ̧ͷֳ֮ɫ
ǡѣ
ǵϿճһֻ޴ѡ
ģѵģǴС
Ѿף˫͸ĳչҲҡ
ʲôѣ
ˡ
ֻѿǣǸſ˴ڡ
ҹδͷһξãѵ;Ȼ˿ֱֲһڡ
ԡ
죬֧ʸֻѵ˫Ŀֻѵֻ㣬㽫ʸ߷ˣʣµļֻͬìһ㣬ż˴
䡭
ҹδһŷƷ︮һֻײֻѣֻ̻ȼ
ԡ
޲䱬ѵֻ۾
ಡ
һ£ӷ˼ĵ˲ԥһֻ˲䣬ֻ޴ѱ㱻ն˼Σ˵ϡ
Ҳô޲֡


152 ҹ
ҹ۵ķҹδ˴Ĵָ
ʰһЩһûгԹôѡ˼һȤ
СͳԹƵġӷЦ
һԹһ˿˿ģ̫С̫ϸӦܹԸ˼ЦǺǵ
СʱҲԹ
Ǻǡ
ҲЦ˱и⣬ȻÿЯһ飬·
ߵʱ֣ȴҲûзʲôΣգ˲һһطݣѳȻȡϺ濾һ
ɽôͻȻ˾޴󣿡
ɣ
ϣܹԵ
˵жֳڴҲżĵǡʵ˾޴֮УоԼ̫С
ĻӳһŴһ˿סҹδһСھ׽Ÿһ߲ͣͷų̽ΧʵϣԴӽ뵽ɽ֮һֱþ̽飬ʵǲףΪʲôֻһ֮ɽɽһоͻ˾޴
ǻþʵ
ô̽飬ĸоʵġ
ǡ
ôܣ
ڽ֮ǰѾˣԭķɽˣôͻȻôˣ
ҲǷǳĻ
ҹδ벻ɾɥһǳ󷨣Լľ޷̽ʵǾ˵Լ͸󷨣߲ȥʱɣǵԼ˸һ̷أ߲ȥ
ﲻһ󷨣Ǿ͸ˡܴܿʱķɽѾǷɽһռ䡣͸ȥˡ
˷ѹסԼеĲʼΪÿ˶֪ԽΣյĵطԽҪԼʵ
ҹδ칤ľһٶı˸ǣֹ˱ҹδٶԼڳԾ
һСʱҹδ칤˾֮С
ѾʮѨϿϣÿѨ϶չѾŨܹ͸忴ڲĻܹʮѨͬʮǳһ㣬ԣɢȵ
ҲΪʮѨϵĴڣڲʱҲܹղƵˢԼ壬Լӵͨ͸ڸԼľ
ҹδһ뷨Լʮʱ䣬˵ὫʮּͣǸʱ򣬱ѨԼľҲܹѨĳƻԼﵽʿľ硣
ǡ
ʮꡭ
ʱ̫ˣ
ҪҪԣ
Դҹδ뿪ʮѨ֮ûгǴʱδ֪ΣյĻУоԼΪĵ£Լʵĺڷɽȥ˵ҵ磬뿪
ԣ
ҹδ¶˾ģнϼ׶εĹļ˼飬ȷһʧ֮󣬿ʼ
ߣ
ֻǸտʼϢʱ䣬ҹδƺһһ˿ѪʹŶѵơҹδֹ˳۲ԼľһɣûˣȴȷԼĻԼľͳܲסѨĳ
Ǻã
ҹδüͷֻܹڷɽӵлԵܹҵʺԼĹ
ҹۣôˣӷ忴Žüͷҹδʵ
ûʲôҹδҡҡͷ
Ǿ͸Ͻ˯ɣҪ
ţ
ҹδ£Χüžӷ屧ųǹֵϰҹ
ţ
ӽҹʱ򣬺ӷȻëģоΣտһ˫ɨӣȴûзκΣգëȻ
Ϣվ˫šŴǹɨܣȴûʲô֡һ΢ͻȻͬһ΢С磬ΧתһȦȻͣҹδԴ
˯еҹδȻоѾסһŷס˽ĿĹˡ
˺ӷ䱸Լ˶˯ΧҲûʵ
Ӵ磬ôˣ
ԣղһ硣
ҹδתͷȥʲô磿
㡭
ҹδ˵һ֣Զһ޵ĸ

˶һۣͬʱĿ˸ĵط
һϮҹδʹգգ۾˦˦ͷ
Ӵ磬йŹ֣
Ӵ磡Ӵ硭
ûӷĻӦҹδ벻תͷȥӷ岻֪ʲôʱѾŴǹ˯ˡ
ľ䣬ȻתףһӰ߻ҹδսͺȵ
ʲôˣ

Ǹ˵ĿдԶҹδ벻һ㱣ȻͿԽԽǸ˵ݡ
磡


153 
ҹδͷϲû뵽Լոս뵽ɽĵһ죬ҵ磬Ҫ˵ѾʱķȥҹδϾ룬׷ȥ
һǰһѸٵּݼ䴩СǰĸɺԶҹδĶС
ЪҹδоԼһ壬һƬ£ԼűԻˡͣ˽ŲԶһӰһ·׷ŵ磬ǴʱǱӰȴ硣

ҹδ³һʼʶؼӿתٶȣҹδ䲻ʯȴҲӼ̡˷֮һ˿ϮͷǰԼ˾Բ磬ǱԻ󣬽еλģ
ǣԼȴΪΣ
ţ
ҹδпŷԼԻ̽ʶǶԶǸ˹۲첻ϸʱ壬ȴǷֶǸЩ̫ʵƺЩ͸
¾ʲôˣˣΪΣ
֪󣬻ʲô𣿡˲ûлͷǵʣҹ֮£ġ
ʲô
Цһ
ҹδһȻɫǿ£ȴûмپһ
Ĺ㾿ʲôˣ
˵˵òĻ£𣬻ʧȥıȻɢ֮䡣
ǣﲻͬ
֮󣬻ǲ𣬶һܹһֱػȥ
Ŷ
ƺû۲̫ǿһֱܹȥ
ʱҹδ뺹ëһβ͹ǣ˳ż׵ϴܵͷͷƤһ顣
ǡΪ
̾һȻڵ״̬ܹһֱȥֻڷɽڼ䣬ɽʧأ
һ᲻ŷɽʧɢ֮䣿
ҹδȻӶԷĻУѾܹжϳԷ˵أǾĲ
еתֻԼһǹ۲쵽֮УԼΪ͡
ΪʲôҪΪ͵ˣ
Ŀʲô
ᣡ
ҹδоһԼΪͣȻҲ͡һΪΣյ飬һŪãܾˡԽ󣬶İȫԽߡһжҹδ鱾Ͽģȴû뵽Լˡʱ򣬱ǸתƮ˹
ҹδȻе㲻Ҫ
Ļû˵꣬һԾֱײ˹
ҹδ֮£һһеĳһն˹ȥͬʱһŷ˳ȥ
ʱѾȫݣԼ
һݲϵӣʱ߳͸ûɢһꡣ
ǸƮڿУʮֹض˷ȴҹδһһն˹꣬ǹȴˣƺһ£ײҹδĻ
ҹδӱһһʣ˲ԼʶҪռʶΪҹδˡ
˱ǽɽʿ֮󣬳Ϊ˹ꡣ־Ȼܹоϲ֮࣬Ҳڵķɽʧ֮ԼǷҲɢ
룬ȻܹûǴڣǷһЩ
һԼɹֿĻȥ
ǣѰңҵҹδһˡ
һ֮ˣڹ۲һȦ֮󣬷ֻҹδΪ͡Ȼɹ֮ΪԽߣȫԽǿǣΪԽߣҲԽѡΪȷԼɹȷ˶ĶΪ͵ҹδ롣ΪܹɹѾںŮ
óΪ֮󣬻õܣԻŪ˯˺ӷˣȻջҹδ׷ʱڳɹؽ뵽ҹδʶ
ǡ
һʦ
ǹɫ󾪣ԭȷԼһΪ͵ģΪȷɹȴû뵽һʦһǹʿ
˱ķʦжǿ
ⲻ
ǹҪҹδʶһ֮
ҹδ뻹ǲ֪ζԸԼʶڵĹҺ¹ᣬϾǵһȫ䱸û뵽Ǹһۣͷӣһʱ㵡
ǹھϲԼҪѣȴȻоһϮȻͷɼУ
ʲô
ûп徿ʲôವһռ䡣
ҹδһҲ뵽ռ䣬ǸĲҽǲҽҲͳ˲Ϣʱ䣬ǸʧˣռһžľռڵϵǸСˮС
ţ


154 
ҹδ΢΢˫ۣռڻƮһģ͸˿ߡҹδ룬ָȥ˿ߡ
˻
˿˲ҹδ壬ʵռڵ壬ҹδ壬ҹδ꣬˿뵽ҹδ֮кһѶϢѸٵسʶУΪıܡ
һӺ
Ѿصڵҹδ۾һ˿Ի󲻽⡣
ڷţõһ֪ӦǵĳּܡԻʱҲףԼǱԻӰ죬ӷҲǱԻŪ˯ˡ
ǣԼΪʲôõܣ
ռ䲻ǶԹ֮Ч
⼼ܺڹİ
ѵǿؼʱûЧһˣ걻ռˣȡĹ
Ҳ԰
ǸǰֻһԻģĹΪʲôûгȡ˳
ѵռ仹ޣ
ҹδЩ벻ףȻȻһšԼһ·ܹ˵Ѿ·زȥˡ
̤̤̤
ҹδѸٵΧΧһȦκͣһҶǰҶľһ˿ߣͷԼϵ·ȥȻεеĵطһ˿˿ƺۣвɴϲһ˳ߣһĿѰŲҶϵ˿ߡ
ԡ
Ŵǹ˯ĺӷȻҡһ£˲侪ѡȻһ亹ԼȻ˯ˡæɨӣоһ
ҹ۲ˣ
΢΢üͷƺǵԼȻ˯ˡ
ѵԼŵˣ
ӷд󾪣æԼ壬û˵ĸоּԼİҲûжʧ
ô¶
ҵԼʵԼԲô˯ˡضáõĿľԼ˯ˣ
˺ԼԼĶҲû
ǰԼŪ˯ȥ
أ
ӷЩţ̽˻ѣ˵һ飬Щ̿ʼԼ塣
û⣡
мԼİ
ûʧ
˱ˣҲԺӷʵֵҹʱ򣬲֪˯ȥ
С
ҹ۲ˣ
ţ
˻ȻתףһһOO@@𣬱ҹδӲݴ˳˫ĿϱЩ飺
˰
ӷ忪ڵȥĶˣ
ȥˣ
ҹδ࣬Ϊһ˵࣬һ鷳
ԼˣȻԼʶһռ䣬ŪˣԼõһܡ
ⲻ
ǼĿƵضԼвЩë
ǡôҸʲô
꣡
ӷʳָڴ䣬ʾҹδȻѹ
ûзʲôԣ
ҹδֳãȻ֮ɫûа
˼˹ӣ˺ູܶ
ǡղųȥ㣬ȻʱЩ·ġ
Ŷ˼ͷûһָ
û
˼ɫˣûо
ҡ
ɫܹҲ˯ȥˣƺ˯òãۡ
ҹδиţⲻǷϻҵȻˣ͹һܣ۲ۣ
ʱҲۣǲȻǱֻѵġ
ҹδһæҵԼŶǱѵġ˵öԣҲúۡ
һЩͰ
Ŷã
ҹδܿһ飬ȻҡҡͷȻһãȻ
ʲô¶
ӷ彫˵һ飬ҹδҲװ˼˼ڵⲽвʱ߶
⣬һ⡣
˼һ࣬˫˸ǻ۵ĹâҹδЩɿʵСʲô⣿
˼ͣ˽ŲĿ⻷ˣ˵
ǳԵĶ⡣
ɫһӷȻ˵⣿
˼һɫԣһɽڵĶԺǲҪˡȻǷɽôĶضҲ쳣˵»óɷ֣ǳ˻þ
⣿ҹδ۾һĲ˼
ԣ⣡˼һĿ϶ûг£Ҳûжȴ˯úܳѹЩƣ⡣
˾ǵͷͬ⣬ҹδҲŵͷ
ȴֲûܵ˺ҲûжʧһֻܹһͣǳԴ˶Ϊڽɽ֮ǳ˸·ûʲôΨһľǳ⡣
ַĶԣӷһһˣԺ󲻳ԷɽеĶͺˡ
Ⱥ͹׵Ҳһ


155 Ӣ
ҹδһ
°ҹֵҹ˯öȡ˼˲֪»Чûɢ֪ҹδ룬ǵĻ᲻й
ԣڶյʱ˶ЩȦ
һûиҳ⣬ҹδȻ֪û⣬ȴҲûгԣֻǳЯĸ֮˼̡
ҲûзֻǸŸоߡмηԼȦӣΪʱ¼Ǻţ˺Ƕ֪ԼߵǱ治巽
һ·ϣû̫ΣգıǸֳӣÿӶʮ־޴е棬еǷɳ棬ͻȻӵصġ
Ǿһ޴򾣬˺ôľù׺ˣɱǸ޴򾡣
һա
ߵһǰһ԰ͬһ㡣һȴǲҶɺӣ˳źӰߡ
ء
ͻȻںӰһ෽ĺŽ

ͬʱӺӶ԰޺
˲ɶס˽ŲŶȥȴǿʲôԼߺӰԶȥ㿴һ޴Ӱ֡
һ޴壬ÿһ˵߶ʮɣߣһĴȣ
Ÿ־޴ıɢŲҺͱ뺷Ϣ
ֻǣÿ˵嶼ڰ͸״̬

ҹδһɫò԰סҲûзӦǰֵǹҹδѾһιһӱϳְ͸˾ǹ
ֻǡ
ҹδһ֮ǰԼǸԼ߿¡γֵĹҲ̫޴ˡ
ǹ
˼Ѿˣ˵ôߴĹôߴҲûм
Щʲô
ʲôܡ
ܶɺӣѾӣźӰαܣѳ̵ľʹ˳
ǣЩ޴ʵ̫ˣͬһӿ˹һ۶߼ʣʵ̫ˡ
ҹδ˵Сܵʵ̫ˡ
ۿһ˳嵽ǵĸǰһֻͬСɽһ̤
ҹδ˻Ȼɢȿֺضֻš̫ͻȻЩڻ֮УȻûһ˶㿪ֻšÿ˶ֻţֻŷ˹
ǡ
ֻŸǵĹǵĹ˴ţֻ͸ĴҲ
˲ɾر۾
ˡ
ҹδоԼʶ𵴣ҡһ˲䣬ԼľΪ˶Կֻ͸Լţţҹδһ˿㱡
ˡ
ʱ򣬱Ȼӿתٶȣǰ͸Ĵ˴İ͸壬ڱתųɾľ˳ҹδ뾫һʶһ塣
һأȻҹδõľĵľࡣ
ͬʱռҲ˴ֻеİ͸ĶȻһžҺ徫Ͷռĳڡ
⡭
ҹδдϲʱֻ̧ǰܶȥҹδźӷȥ˾㶼ɫ԰ףֳһ˿˿ʹ֮ɫ
ˣ
ӷ󺰡һһŴӱӿȥͬʱһֻֻѾӣϵǲ˹
ӷ˴ʱ׼ԤŴѾӵ㣬ǰ㿪ʼܡǵΪҹδ̫߳࣬ǰԤУڽһֻֻѾӣһֻֻѾӵķ϶ܡ
ҹδҲܣտʼװӸ˿ʵǴѾֻװ˼֮󣬷ԼΪǲװضܣҲ㲻Ѿӡ
ȫԼԼϷˣ
ԣɴض
ˡ
һֻֻѾӲҹδǴѾӱûжԷһֺ׵ʮ֮һ
ʶڲϵ𵴣ʮܡЩ㱵ĶģҪŻ¡ǣɱ³ľˬķ·졣һµܣһðˬз
Ȼ󡭡
ʶڵȻʮܣȴڼشʶʶĶصľ
ҹδдϲԼ˵һԵ˵ܶˣ¼ѪҲֵˡ
û뵽Լһ˽뵽ɽУȵõԵľԼ
ˡ
ҹδĴܣҲܲһֻֻŲ˺ܣǽ񶼹עʶڣۿŵۿʶ𶯣ʶ


156 ƴ
ˡ
֪˶ãҹδ붼ܲˡ۵ڵϣһֻֻŲš

޺ԽԽ
һֳŸֱ˴ӣŶ԰˹ȥ

޺·ڶը죬ҹδһ㱣û˹ȥһֻֻ޴̤źˮӿ
䡭
ײһ𣬲ҵɱ˲俪ʼӱһ޴Ľ
ЩҲǰ͸ġ
һֻֻڲȻ˴ӡҹδ뱻ȵһ㱣һѣѵʱ򣬱ؿҵսͻȻһ
ⲻʵġ
˵УڷɽսһսǸʱ峹׵
Щ޴嵱УеʿкУһµҲװϽʿǴʱǶںս

ǲޣ壡
ǼǹˣҲ˸ߴ
ҹδ
ͶӰ
ԶŵͶӰ
ԶӢͶӰ
ۿһӢ齫նɱҲۿһ彫Ӣ˺顣
ӱƷɵʣͬһӡ
ⳡսѣ֪ȥ˶ãҹδ̧һϵˮӵۻ
ΪӮˣ
Ӯһս
һ޼ʵӢ˵ϣһһӢĿ
ЩӢڳʲô·ַܽ·ңԶ
Ǹȴֱ͸飬ֱ͸ꡣ
ѪҺ𶯣ľ𶯣ļ𶯣ʶ𶯡
ÿһϸ𶯡
һ𶯣
·嶼Ÿ質
ĳȣѪڡ
ſڸųҲ֪ԼڳʲôֻԼ굽Ѫⶼڷȡ
ꡭ
ʶڸĶأ
һ뵽˼ȻָܹһɶɶȻصʶ᲻ԳҲЧ
ԣ
ҹδ뵹Ǻܺ£ϾѾԹһΣֻҪоԼľܲˣʱֹȻһ𺦣ȴǲ޸и죬ܹԼǿĸȫ޸
ԣ׼һ¡
ȻõĻϼҲĳ
ţ
һתϼҹδһ㶡֮ǰǴ飬ҹδһʼϼʱ򣬱ȫƿزסѨڵͬҰһֱײҹδľ޷ܡ
βͬˣѨڵϼҰĳѨ֮ȴ·һӱͷɣͬһ㣬һһɵؿʼھгǿҰĺֱײ
ҹδϲԼľҲɵһһͬһ㡣ټŨʽĳǽеųһž
͡
Ѩϵľͨˣһ
͡

ָ£Ȼ쳣Ѹ٣ֻǲһӵʱ䣬ͨеʮѨϵʮһ
ǣҹδȴɫһ䣬ΪЩ޴Ӣվһ߸質һŴӵĶ԰ȥ
ЩӢԶȥʧɶҲƱʧ֮ǰܴͨһĻһж׷ˡڵҹδɲСˡ
ðɣ
ĳʼ׶βСˣһ·ӷ˺ܶࡣ֪һһûдͨõزھУὥ»ʶҲ˵ҹδͨôྭ׷ˡ
Ϊҹδͱ˲ͬ˼ûдͨеľҲÿھУͣȥһ
ǣҹδ벻У
ûôӢ質ֹɣҹδһڵͻʧأҰسǻûдͨŵľ
Ȼ󡭡
Ǿض
ԣֻдͨеľܹγһС죬ھС
ǣ²ܹģֻһЩӢߵһЩһŬϼ
͡
һһľͨţǸҲңԶԽԽСҹδӰҲԽԽС
ҹδоԼеѾʼʧصļȻ亹ˡ
ΪȻ֣ԼھֹϼǺһѾòͬ
һǸոѨϣûдͨҰҹδֹϼ˻΢С˺
ڵ״ǣѾͨôྭھŴһʧأԼֹϼѨڵعƽǾеᰡ
еضᱬˣҰĺֱײԼľ顣
ƴˣ


157 ͨ
ҹδʱѾ֪Լֻǰĵ·ƴ忪һԼͻΪһˡ
͡
ҹδ뺹罬Ŭϼȥƿؾеϼ𵽵ú΢СõɵĸӢԶȥڼеѾʼһ˿Ұ
ԽԽСԽԽҰֱʧˡ
ˣ
ҹδзһ˿
䡭
׿Ұˣҹδ͸оһʹ

ȻٿҰˣǱҹδ뾫һ񣬼æԼ壬ͬһҰĴһ㣬ھתžԼȴת
ǡҹδһϲСѭͨˣ
ϸһȻͨˣԭ˵ʱ򣬾ҲֻһʹͨˣոһͰһͬһĤʸųˣ˾ˣǿҰǾҹͣȫܹԼס
ҹδ뻺չеŻһ˿˿عѨϡ
ҹδϲ֪ԺԼԼˣÿ춼ʹھתˢȻعѨϣʹԼľԶųͨڶѻʡ
ԼѾͨ۷ˣһǿˡ
ҹδüͷ
ǿˡ
ҲǿˣڵľȫԼеȥ
ס
ǾԼĹԼԵ忪֮ʧȥ˾ԼڵըҰĺֱײȻʾͻˡ
ҪҪҵһܹƿĹٴӢ鳪衭
Ӣ鳪衭
ҹδһ̧ͷǰĹӡ
ҪҪȥ׷ЩӢ飿
׷
ˣ
ӷЩأ
˰ɣ
ҹδڵ

ҹδԼһԼ̫ˣͨĺô
˵ϣҹδ֪һԼ壬֮ͨ󣬼ǲԶٶҲ˲١ʼܹһ˿˿ˢ
ҹδֻ˸ԼܹһЩͣ壬ʱЧİٷ֮һ
ʮѨ֮󣬱нˣֱնһ룬൱ʱʮ֮һЧ
ȵͨСѭЧˣﵽ״̬µʮ֮һЧ
ͺˣ

ˣӴǡ
ҹδѰңȻͿʬſ˵ϡ
Ӵ磡
ҹδˣӷ˶ˣԼΪַɽС
붼룡
̤̤̤
ҹδܵ˺ӷԣӷӷ˹ڷĹУҹδоһɣΪоӷӻûб佩Ӳָںӷϡ
Ŷûеü֪ϵӷһͷʹ
ҹδһӾͷˣ֪ǾĹޣ˯һܹáֱַȥ˵ԣҲͺӷһ㽫˶˹һȻȡһЩƬΧһ󷨡ҲһƷʦܹһЩ򵥵󷨡
ȻͱΪʶոĶأҲǸոͨ
лǷǳˡ
Ķ˰ķʦ˰
ǽ뵽ʦ֮ҪͷǳĲˡҲֻȴʦ֮ҪһֱʶֱŶ;أھϴﵽʦ硣
ҲΪʲôʦʮϡٵԭ
ɵЦһҹδӴȡһһƷ鼮ʼ
أΧӷ˺˯֮С
һֱ䣬ֵճӷ˲½ǿ˾۾ҹδ룬ûдҹδ룬Ϊҹδ뽫ϹʱǶѵģ֪ҹδǡûҹδ룬ҲǾͱʲôӸˡ
࡭
ҹδڣ˵ĶӾͽҹδӳڷ˹Ȼɫһϲ
Ƕˣ
ллӷ弸˷׷ҹδʩл
ҹδ˫Цû¾ͺã
ҹۣӷЩôû£
Ƿʦһı
ӷ϶¶֮ɫ㡭Ƿʦ
ǣҹδҡͷֻǹ˱ȴֻܹƷʦķ
ǡ˼Ĵָˣòáʦѧϰѵģѵľرǹˣ㹹ʲôƷı
Ŷ


158 һҶɺ
ҲݡŶŶԲ𣡡˼һԼͣǿǶⶼܹ
ңң
ֲû£˼¶ĽķãʵҲͨʲôģ˷ʱ䣬ú
ԶԶԣ
ϣǾܹοҹδ룬ҹδ뿪ġҹδܹоǵ⣬йůЦòã
ǻǳԶɣ
ԣԶ
ҹδôһᣬ˵Ķֽ׷״Լİȡӷһ߳һʵ
ҹۣ֣дǰʳﶼԹˣûжʳﰡ
ҹδҡҡͷҴ̫ࡣ
˼һԼĴҴ˲٣Щ˳ʮҵˡ
Ǿͺã˶һɲٳĳӡ
˺ܿ˷ĸߡҹδŴӵĶ԰һĽһҹʱ䣬ЩӢӦߵúԶ˰ɣ
ɹ˺ӣԼȺСȣܹ׷
ҹۣӣӷ忴ҹδһֱŴӣɿʵ
ţ
ҹδ̵ͷܲ׷ϣҪӲ֪һӢͣϢأ
ǡôĺӣôӷüͷ
ҹδ۾һ˺ƮҶÿҶܴͬһСӡ
Ҷȥ
̫Σˣ޲ǼźӰߡ
ҹδҡͷҲӾǷֽߣӵֻǷɽΧʲôԵǱ߲ڲ
һ£Ҳҹδ˵е˼һҧӣ

ӱӿһҶϣÿһ֦ţҶ˷Ŷ԰Ưȥ
ۿ綼ȥˣûп԰һж㷲ģǵ˶԰ˡҹڴ֮ϣ᲻ʲôΣգ
ֹȥһʱ۾һ
˼æŶȥ㿴һߺ˼һüͷ֮ǰǵ˰ˡҹۣ㲻Ҫˣ㾫ǿǷʦ̫ھͿ̽ΧˣһΣգҲָһʱͷŷˡ
ã
ҹδҲ֪ԣããУ˵ΣգͻȻһ㣬ǵҶˣǾҪˡ
ҹδ뽫֦ԣȻϥ
ɫİ˲ʱؿһǺǺںҹȫ֮Ҳˡ

ӷ˷ػ֦ҹδ뽫˳ȥûнӣֵķΧԽ㣬ԽֱֻԼʮ׵ķΧڡ
޴ҶǻˮǰС
ϼ
λڶУ·ףһÿ춼ʿºȥڿ󣬶ϼصĵʿ֮һ
ɵصʿܹλΪʱػлҪڿˣÿ˴ºһ죬Щڿʿİȫ
ϼƹݡ
ǳϼΨһľƹݣͨºڿ֮󣬺ܶ˶һʱڶ¥һٴλãжžƱĿ͸ɨ·Ľֵ
һ˴ӽֵһͷ߹϶ƣȴִϲáЩڿˣȻһĿƣջ񲻷ȴҲϲǰʮˣȴǵΪ׵һǸӵ
ҵĿʮɨһۣϡ
ϣüëһĵģȷʵģ˳ϼ֮󣬼͵ʧȥϵҲ֪Լʦʫʫʦžˣ
ʦ֣ȥһɣͣһֺǺǵ˵
ͷϼƨĵطҲȷʵġһѾΪǲˡ˵
ɣ
ʮƲЩڿˣ߽˾¥Ŀʮ߽˾¥Ѿס˵ʱֱ˶¥ǡý뵽Ҹڵķ䣬Һ󱳿ǶǽǸڷǽ˶š
տʼ̸һЩϼ飬ؿʼ̸۵ˡ
Щ˶ǵӣֻΪϸߡΪӣ˭ҲԸϼֵطԽرԹ֮ԡ
ʦ֣ҽƾʲôĵϼˮʵһ꣬ҵΪҪͬˡ
ҲƵغһƣƱصطϵҲô㲻֪ΪʲôҶ֪㲻֪һͿ군


159 
ڱǽڵüëѾȷ˭ˡ
ʵʦ֣˵Ϊ˵٣
ţƺһȻǺȾƵ¾Ʊٴ
Ҳ֪ʦúʦڵûб۸٣ҲŹһᱨġ
ڵɫ΢㡣
ʲô
һʦܣ
ïǾ
Ʒʫʫֶһʦܣï˵ĸӣ
ȻͣһԺл𵱳ʫʫʱһӺʫʫߵúܽһ
Ǹ˾ӦïСӰɣٸˣҲ֪ǲǻš
ϧԼɱģ
ɺޣ
ִˣʦ֣žʲôͷ˵ʲôïǰôڵΪӣ
ž䣡Ҽ֣뿪˳ϼȥһžˣҲˣţȥɱȻȥɱ˻Ʒ
ï㿴Ҷãĸͽܶȥ㣬Ǻǡ
飡
ĺȻײǽڣǽڱ㱻װһѾײ뵽֮С
ոճԾ̧ͷĿӾƱ̧𣬱һֻϡ
ۣ
űһ͸һ㱻ˡ
ѾʧҵӰ
档

һСں½ػУȴûڻڴϣվһˣһߣһͣҡ
̫˺£ҹ˹ҵҲ˺ڰ֮С
ڰһ૵
ž䣬ǧҲɱ㰡

ˮڼžҹиһ޴ҶǱСӷ˷ػ֦ҹδҶм䣬ŷַԲֱʮ׵ˮ£ɫרע
һ޴ĺӰӴѸٵϸҹδľ̽鷶Χ֮ڣҶײ˹Ҫԭ;޴ҶҪٱ
Сģ
ּ֮䶼֪ʲôĴҹδҹһԼķӳȥǸȻһڰҶô죿
ԣҹδںһС֮ûͷŹͷһŷ
ˡ
һһһҶҹδ档
䣡
Ǹ޴ĶײǸžһһײɵ˿УȻǸˮԾ˳һĻߣſ˴Ź˹
ҹδ˱ײΰأڹڹûеȵӦоǰһڣǸ޴Ķ˿С
ҹδȻûп壬ͻȻȫҲ֪Ǳ̵ˣ뾡룬һϢʱ䣬ͱ̵ˡһѻ˳ȥȻͷһѷùһӺ
䡭
һ㣬ֻſڣͱҹδǳҶʮոһֵĹĿоըʮ򣬵ʱоƮ˿ζʱԾ廹ڿлС
ۡ
ǻŻ𣬾ʹ㲻ͱ˳
ͨ
価ˮУҲǿˣӰʳ׷ҹδˣźӵǱȥ˲ûټ

ˮϣ㿴ңҿ㣬¡
Ȼ˼ץ֦ƴػӷҲæץ֦ʼ
̫ˣ޲Ǹ᲻׷
˭а취ҶһЩ
ҹδһа취ҵ
ܱǿҹۣа취Ϳ죡
ã
ҹδҲ°оŲ㣬ģ֪᲻еˮ
ͷһŷŶĺ
ŷ˹⡣

һҶԼٶŶ԰ȥڴзҲڷȥķŻ˳
࣡
ʱƣһ顣ҹδ벻ʱͷһӹֻ̹Դεģ廹ڹڲͣط
飡
˶԰ڼײţһ֮ҹδһء
ÿ˶Σʲôתҹδ뻹Ǻܾؼһŷ棬Ȼ۾
ЩʶҲһӺ󣬲½ʧѣθСһؿڣ
̫ˣ
˿һ۲ԶڵĴӣ׷׵ͷ
ô죬ûзֻԵǼβ
ԵôģģлԵ𣿡
ߣԵ


160 ͱϵĴӡ
˾㶼ͷЩ˾˼Σ֮󣬲ûк£־һ극㿪ʼ
ҹδ칤Ȼϼֻϼʱ򣬸ƿزסҰҹδľͣͱˡ
ҹδһо͵ʿԭҪоģԹ۲죬оѾΪıܡڳԸĽƿ
ԭûģǿ֮ѨڵǺܰȵģһѨϾͱÿ񱩡ڿڵʱҹδûлȥо
ͬˡ
ֻҪѨϣͱÿ񱩣ھСعѨϵʱ򣬾ֱðȡҹδʱ򣬳Ըְ취ȥƿؿ񱩵
ǣȻһʮּѵḶ́ҹδǿľѾž۲֪ʶѷûиıһ˿Ŀ񱩡
֮һ齣Ż˯
ա
˼ǰУһڷɽͷӬһ£ҲûзӢ飬ȴա˶ٵˣмβ
ǡ
Եȴûһ
һա
Ƿһɽȣÿжһ
Ѱľ飬ܶؾɽڡС߽ɽȣȻ𾪵ſ͡
ɽȿڲ󣬵߽ɽȿڣȴһ޴ɽȣ죬һͷ
ӷʧɽȡһƽԭ
ɽȥأǿһЩ棬ϱڲԫеֻʣ˵ػ
Ϣأ˼
һʱӪأһܴһ˵
Ӫغô󣬹ܹɰ˰ɣȴܵ
˵Ͳһɽȣһ汻ɽΧƽԭ
һߵ˵Żһھ޴ӪѰӪزǷݵĵػɽŲٵɽ
߽һɽУŲѾϵ¯
ʴеĵڵϣе롣
Ӧһңһ߼ţܲҵԵһ˵Ż
ģС
ǰ˼һһ¯Щɥֻŵ̫ˣˡ
һɽһɽؿţǿңƷҵȵɽкܴɽͨܳͨԣŲСɽ
ִһɽг˲Щ̾Ϊһ񡣵ִ񣬼ȥ
˵ӪصʿȥǳˣǱݻˣ
޲ŷӪزȻʴ񱻴ݻٵġ
ҿҲǣȵͷƻĺۼء
˵ϱֳȻ֮ɫ˼̾Ϣһ˵Ӫܿܶˣ
Ҳпǰ˰ɣ
ǰ룬㲻ᷢݻٵɣ
Ҳпܴ󲿷˳룬һСڻűվ
ʲôһֱĴҹδͻȻ
˲˳ҹδĿȥһƵͱڣͱһӡһ޴ޱȵӡߴɵľ޴ӡ
Ǹӡв·˵ĿǸӡϣȻ㶼ݽȥˡ
ǿһ޴ڿĻֻһڷһְ΢СЩ΢СϣһӡǷ
Ϣʱ䡭
ͨͨ
Ⱥ½ڵϣ˹ȥǵľĹޡӡ̫£ǹ˶ֲϢʱ䡣
ʱҹδʶڵľڿٵģűԴԴϵվҲĵٶȡϾĶصľ磬Ҫȹ˼ֵøһЩ
أһһЩ˱һţµ磬˶УǸӡԽԽ͸
ء
ҹδƺһоԼͷʼʹˡʶɻָһ˿֪Լľһˡܵشռȡһžʶֱ
һγС
һ졣
졣
졣
ʱһȥÿһξһգ᱾ܵشռȡһžȻٴγС
˼Ѿٴ˹

ٴѣ
Ϊ˵һѹ֮󣬱ʶ˻ԵӡϹŴģǴӡеķµ·ǵƣһʽͨĵơֻҪЩˡԼѧһơ
ǡ
һûмֵϢʹػ˹ȥٴǲȥǸӡˡ


161 
ǲǺͷۣҲǺ»ԹȥؼϢʱʲô
ɶҲˣ㻪ػȥǵϣһջûУˣǻʲô
ҡͷ̾ϢֱԵԼԵ뿪Ȼͷҹδ뻹۾Ǿ޴Ĵӡ
˲һ㣬ȴȻ
ҹδǷʦǿȻܹǼֵʱá
ǡ
ܹö
Ϊ磬ܹ
ҹδܹ
ǿ϶ġ
ܣ
ҹδȷʵһСף似ֻһ֣˼̸Ŀ罣һֽΪ߼似Ҳҹδ뻹ҪһʱȥѧϰϾ似˵һѧߡͱϵĴӡѾ似ķ룬ǵͨ
ˣҹδ뷴Ǳ˼˶˲ٵơ
˼ʵҲûмͨⷽҹδһεġҹδǾǿ󰡣һϵо䰡ؼǣѧϰķһ֣ͨҲһ֡˵ڶϤϣҹδ뻹Щǿ١
ĵ̻̫ˣ޷ӡ
ҹδһǿˣҲԼı취Լһʽӡ֮оһ֡
ӡĻԼ֪򣬵Լռġʱˡ
ǸԼҲҲǲԼġ
ӡĳʼһƣԼЩļġأ
ǡ
ЩˣΧһЩʧˣֻܹǸӡһһĻ
ҹδ˼һҽ˫᲻͸󿴱ʣ
ôˡ
ľ˫ۣǸĴԽԽ͸ʧˣĿһǸӡĵϡ
Ϳʼһġһ߼䡣
ĶصʶﾪˡǸôܹġӡƺҪȱࡣҾôռڵġͼ䣬ġͼıߵ̫ࡣ
Ҳķʱ䣬ŰǸӡеĵƼϵؽ뵽ռڡ
Ϊ֪Ǽ䣬ġġ
Կ죬ġȴҪĶ࣬ȷ˵ܹסһ˵ĳ࣬ġһԣ
Ҫ̫ʱ䣬ҹδ뵽ռڣΪʱǾֹġ
ԣ˼˿ҹδ۾ǸӡʵҹδѾռġˡ
Ĺ⣬ռڵҺ徫䡣
ʧܣ
ʧܣ
ʧܣ

һǧΡ
ǧΡ
һΡ
ҹδġһǧʮεʱġɹˡ
ʲôҲûз
ҹδҲܣġġɹ֪֮ԼѾȫֵơ
ֵƾʲôЧ֪Լܹġ
һռڵǸԭӢʱӢõ˴Һ徫ռڵǸͬһСָֻһģɼֶã˶ٵľ
ҹδռڳһʱġִӡĵƣֻǳһ£ΪûӡҲֻġġ᲻Ч
һεġٶѾǳˣˣҲʮϢʱ䣬ļġǸӡͼ
ˡ
ļġǸӡͼ˲䣬ڵʮѨеܿƵس˳ھУеķʽǰͬ·ÿһӶھеŲͬĹ켣ȻЩһֽṹֽṹһ־޴ҹδֱۣӿҹδƣҹδ벻ػĻ˳ȥ
ԵǸͱϵĴӡֻһ˲䣬ҹδ͸оԼʮѨеȡһգһԼƴܶ࣬ȴֱͱϵǸӡС̫ӡƻӶĻ˳ȥǸͱϵĴӡ
ˡ
ҲǸͱϵĴӡҹδĳӡͬͬԴǸͱϵĴӡ˹
ǸͱϵĴӡȻҹδĻȥǸӡͱϵǸӡϵ˲䣬ͱϵĴӡŹǹȻͱڵҹδˡ
ҹδ˱㿴ռ俪ʼŤȻٵٶȷǳ죬ֻܹһߡ
֪ȥ˶ãҲһҲֻһ˲


162 ʱ⵹
ʧˣռҲŤˣâҲûˡûеӦ˺
Ǽվʲô
ҹδ˻Ȼ󡭡
ˡ
Χӣ˵·ϣдЦ
ҹδ϶ֳãȻ֮ɫ
⡭Χʲôʱôˣ
˵أ
֮ǰǸٴ𣬶վ˶棬صǡ
һģʿɢű뺷Ϣ·ϻȾѪաüԵ
˭ɵվŸô͵ΪҪ𣿻ǵƷʦʦҪ𣿡

ҹδͻȻһΪʱź֪طΧ˶ǺǲߣҲ͸ƺˡ
ʲôУ֪֪ʱǻķʱ䣿

ǺӷУΪȻɺܸߣû֮ǰôߣҲ˵ɽûˡ
Ǹʿüͷˣģ
ɵ
û¼ʲô
죡Ȼȡ

һ˼УһָŶǸͱڣͰ͵
ûˡûˡ
ҹδ˶ȥͱ̫Ϥˣ֮ǰǿǸӡͱڣֻҪС̫࡭
ţ

ͱϵǸӡȥˣ
ʱǸͱﻹʲôӡ⻬ֱ滹Ŵ
飡Ǹʿŭˣ̧Ⱦһţ˼ߵڵϣȻܺ˭֪⼸ɵӴĶģ
֪ΧΧ˹´ҹδˡ
ΪôͰ
ûʲô氡
ȥ̣ͼˡ
Ϊȥ̣ɣ
ΧһЩС
⼸˲ǴӱĵطոӹİɣǶʶ
ʵܡ·Ͼͻᱻˡ
Ҳô˵⣬һ˼أǰҲûз
ڷɽսľԽԽˣ֪սʦûа취

ҹδвһɫ仯
ǶɽѰһԵģôܲ˽ɽĴ˵
˵Уʱ½ȫ֣źüսǸʱ£ƹȺȫÿһսķڷɽսϵǴµĿսʦ
ҹδ뼸Ѹٵؽӷ幰ΪλǰǸոӹġ
ǸӹİȻһΧʿ
Ǹʿɫһôӹģʣˣ
ţӷ弱æԭв˵ģܵ·ɢɢϡͿؾܵˡ
û˻ҹδˣǺ忪սսսֻҪ壬һԼˡͬؿһۣ̾Ϣ
ǻãɣȰʱס£һȥǡ
л
Ǹ˻ӻ֣Χ˶ɢȥһȥҹδһߣһ¹ۿʱĿ⽻
ЩϤǱϾʿܺáĳ֮ǰķ棬Ȼ󲿷ֶֻʣ²ƵĵػԺйһ£ֺڵĳơ˵϶ֳ˵ǽ֮ɫ
ϵĵǺͽǣǸʿοҲú£ĿǰΪǳȥμսǱϾһӣһϵĴսԣҪסĸǾҪŬǿ
ǰܺ˵˵ǳէϤĵطкܶ࣬ƻ˹ء
УҾͺ˵˵
˴Լһ̶ӣλʿҲ˴Լһ̶ӣҹδǶһЩ˽⣬ҲӼԼƲ⡣ʿһ
ǴﲻҪ뿪ȥ㱨һǡ
лǰ
Ǹ뿪ˣھʣˡ˼߳˷䣬ѸٵŷתһȦȻص䣬ҡҡͷʾΧûˡ

˶һӷ˵ǲǻص˹Ŵɽս
Ӧǣվſڣһt˼һߵͷ
Ϊʲô޲ʵ
˵Ŀⲻҹδ룬˼ŵӦҹǸͱϵĴӡȻĳһƺͱϵĴӡʲô޷ȻǸӡʱ⵹Ǵ
ǡǻܻȥ𣿡ҹδЩĵʵ


163 λ
϶ֳ֮ɫ׵»ҪˣȻܹһưǴӦлǴȥ
ҹδҡͷҲ֪
һӾͳȥʵϴж֪Ҫȥ»ʮѡ뵽ǿһƬ棬иһ˱Ҳδֲܹýɽе˼лġ
ʱҹδѾ侲ˡľΪǿ󣬶ΪҲ֪Լʮ꣬ԭ侲ϰߡԣ˻ʱѾʼĥļƻ
žž
°ƣ˵ע˹ѹ
ʲôҲ֪֪Ǿǲʱ⵹ص˹ŴҲ֪ǲ˻֮СԣڵһҪıԼݡ
ҹδĻҲʼƽ˼дڴ
ǾǲڻУ
֪ҹδҡͷǵĻͽӴˣƲʱ⵹ˡԣȽﵱʱ⵹סԼݣ˴һƬǶɡȻǲܹеڶ
ڶʲôҹδ侲ݣ˼άЩ˷·Ĺǣ㶼Ŀҹδϡ
ڶҪ̽أǲʱ⵹ǻֻȷһ֣ǲܹƶļƻ
ǡôֱ棿
ҶһЩ󷨣һĻоǲ󷨣˽Ӵȷʵʱ⵹ص˹Ŵ˾ˣˣǵ̸ֹӦúͻĻþģȻϸ΢۲ĻӦܹҵ˿
˫۲һʱ䣬Ǿܹȷһˡ
ã
˷׷׵ͷȻѹϸƻ
ˣſڵ˼ѹͬʱ˻
ܿ죬һ˽ǿϢ˼۾һǸо˶ԷǵѹǸ߽ţĿɨһ·ڵˣƲƲ¶һ˿Ʋ𣬻ʧ
ҽңҸǵǼһ¡һ˵ţһȡһȻ˵
˭
໥˿Ϊߵ˼㿪ڵɡҽ˼۷塣
ҽйףڡ
ҽкӷ壬ڡ
ҽȣһ
ҽг޲ڡ
ҽҹۣͨ۷塣
ৡ
˵Ŀ˲䶼ҹδϣ˼˵ĿŻɺ𾪡
ҹʲôʱͨˣ
ȴһ⣬ͨôڷɽڵģ
ŶҹδԼҪϢͱԼĵλֲ
һһƷƷʦ
Ŷ
ɫһЩһƷƷʦٻеáȻ󷿼ھ;Ҳ˵ҹδҲ˵վ˼һȻȡһݸҹδ
ȥȥеͼȥǻ㰲һˡ
ޣҹδӹ
ȡĸ򣬷ֱݸ˼ףӷȵ
ǰĵͼȥսûñ
ǣĸ˸Խӹ
һݸ˳޲ȥҩ԰
ȻĿɨ˵ھȥﲻˣ
䣬ɾתߣģûаҹδǿȴûеִ֮ģΪÿ˶֪ԷǿǿԭһʵΪ磬رս
˶˵ԹۿԵȻҶһ£ִҲһԼһȥǸдӡͱ£ԼѶȻپһ۵ʱ䡣
˲ҵ飬ݵ̶֮󣬱߳˷šӷ壬˼׺ĸһҹδͳ޲
ҹδ밴յͼţһ߹۲ΧĻһ߹۲Χˡ
æµ

ǣղôã·ʲôѹǵͷϡһϣҹδ֪ľӦòãڷɽսϣľƲ̫á
ʷϣⳡսʲôģĽΣ
ҹδϸԼĴǣĿ΢΢ʱע⵽ƺⳡƴսôģִжûмأͻȻൽܹȫ忪սҲûмءȴʤ
ǿΪⳡսʤ帶˶ʿ


164 ²ͼƻ
ҹδһ˼һţʵ̫ˣһ滷ɽƽԭҹδ˴ԼһʱߵһƬȺǰһĽȺʣһٶݰΧ档ҹδĿɨһۣбֳһ˿𾪡
ɲͨʣ϶ŷƣ˭ҪƻʴȥǴȥ·ˡ
ΧתСȦ㿴߽ȺĴţ滹һҶд֣
á
ſڻһŷҹδŷǰиͷϼ¡
ǰ
Ǹͷ۾ҹδ룬ӵ¶Цݣ
СѾͷ㸸ĸ𣿡
ǣҹδҡͷķʦƷʦ
ӴԭǷʦˣ
˸ྣҹδҲ˶ء
ǰʮˣ
ʮ꣬ƷʦǸͷһϰһ£ű򿪣ɣ˳·ǰߣǸߵĽ𣿡
ţҹδͷ
ȥﱨ
ллǰ
ҹδ߽˴ţŴܿߵĽǰֻһС¥̨̤ף߽ĴţһĿ⻷ӣ㿴һ̨һŮˣŮˡ
ǰĶƷʦҹۡ
룬ðԵ֣ǸŮӲˡ
ٺ١ҹδɵЦ
ãȱˡˣóʲô
ҹδӦó޸ɡ
ãŮȡһƵݸҹδƣɳҪһ˿ӡһӡͻɢƾͻʧȥҲûá
ҹδӹƣŮֵݸһ򣺡жӪصϸܣûȥʱúÿ
ǣҹδֽӹǸ
Ůվ
ҹδŶԷ߳С¥һ޴ƽǰƿţ㿴ͬһʽľ޴޸䡣
ҹδ뻷ӷ䣬ӦһٸҵĹ̨Լаʮ̨涼һʦԱ߻վһѧͽܼһӣеװ޸õıе𻵵ıʦ޸ÿ޸һԱߵѧͽͻһҪ޸𻵵ķȻ޸õķŽװ޸ʦûϢʱ䣬ܹܶʦĶͷ϶˺ˮ
ʮߺ޸ңԺ޸һյĹ̨ʹáԺ࣬ÿ칤ĸʱʱаšв׵ģԼһҸ㰲һѧͽ
ǣǰ
ֻһƷʦһѧͽѡܹ޸ķ㸺ƷʦһµķˣƷһµķ㶼ܹ޸ɣ
ܣҹδͷ
ǾͺãȥɣȥԱ߸һѧͽ
ҹδͷߵһյĹ̨£ŮѾȥҹδȡѸٵĶ
ܿʹѡԼõϢ
һпԿǹŴսʱڣȷǻþǱʱ⵹ص˹Ŵ
ڶս쳣ңдķ𻵣͵ķʦֳ࣬޸ÿһĸʱ
û޸һշƷĲͬй׵ġɽӪصһУҪ׵㡣
ģŲֻҪй׵㣬ͿȥѡʺԼĹ似ͨе֪ʶһ֮ԣǰ˵£̺ƹڵؼ
˵ⳡսǰϺ
ҹδлѾ϶ԼǴԽʱգص˹Ŵǲôϸġ
ν󣬱յеˣ룬㻯Ϊ˻þ
ǣҹδδصʱôϸ
ˣҹδѸٱ˼ƻ
һҪȥͱ£ԼѶϢ
ڶÿ֮⣬ҪʼרһƷˡһƷ鼮ԼĴоСԼΪһƷʦȥĲרоƷʦķ
Ҫȥ󿴿ûܹƿԼܹǳԼҪѡһ似似ضҪ˼ڸԼĿ罣Ķࡣ
ԼȻٺˣϤһȶȻһжҪ׵㣬ϣԼܹ۹׵㡣򣬾ǳԼҲ
̤̤
ſڴŲǰʮʦû̧ͷģЩѧͽҲûпſһۣǶΪʦ׼Ҫǰú֭𻵵ķĨƽ˲Ż޷νӣ˷ʱ䡣


165 ޸
ÿ˶ڽŶԹعǶ֪Լÿ޸һΪףҲΪԼ޸ķһʿסնɱ塣ԣҲֻûйҹδ̧ͷſڡ
һʮŮĿһɨ㿴ҹδ룬Ŀٶɵشҹδǰʩ񣬵
ҹʦɣ
ԣ
Ǹѧͽҽз
Ȼȡ˱ŵıӱȡһƷߣƿ֭ѾõҹδľѶϢֱһӣװĶƷһµķʮؿʼú֭ĨƽƵķƣȻҹδǰлǴźһ˿ɡ
ǰŮԼС޸
ҲΪеɣֻҹδȡƷһ·ӡ
ҹδʱҲΧİʮʦжӿʹС˿̵Ŀһɨ
̫ˣ
Լģҵռ䲻֪̻˶ٱ顣ǣ㿪ʼ޸
͡
۾һ͸¶֮ɫ
ҹδ̻̫׼ˣ̫ˡҲûиķʦʦǴʦٶҲûҹδ죬Ҫҹδ˺ܶࡣв𾪡
ôܣ
;ܹ޸޸٣
ôô죿
Ҳ
ֳȻ
ҲҹʦֻǴ޸ַַֻɡ
ǡ
ҹδ뿪ʼ޸ڶַʱЩɵˣҹδ޸ٶô졣
Ȼǵ֣֣֡
ҹδٶȾûһܹ޸ٶ޸ţ÷ʼΪоԼú֭ĨƽƷƵٶȾҪҹδ޸ٶˡ
Ʒһµķҹδ˵̫ˡľ̫ǿѾﵽʦ֮޸ĶǾƷһƷķʦķ仰˵ķʦûһʦǷʦǵľܹҹδȣ
Խǿ󣬾׼ȺٶȾԽ졣žģ׼ȺٶȱضԽԽΪ˻ƣЩʼķʦ
ǣҹδ벻⣬޸ЩƷķĵľҹδӵеľţһë
ԣҹδѾһļٶ޸šԼûмķ̽ռڽϰռڵʱǾֹģڷУҹδٶһֱô졣
ҹδ뻹ûгǸѧͽæĿʼˡأˮʪ͸õķصݸҹδ룬Ȼ޸õķŽٴһȡһƷƵķϣëȥպ֭
ţ
ɫһ㡣
ûˣ
װź֭ƿ̨浹ȻƿҲûˡһƿ֭
⡭Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ϳ𾪣䰲ŵĺ֭ƿҴûзù飬ķʦÿ춼ܹٵʣһЩ
ǣھĹаʱҹδ뾹Ȼù˺֭ҹδ޸ٶж죿
ҹʦһסе𾪣˵֭ˣȥһЩ
ţҹδͷ̧Ҳͣصͷ
ŵȥ
ܿ죬ڴ⴫һŲһŭŪңҵҪ˭Ѻ֭ùˣ˷˺֭ҾԲ֪Ϊ˻Щ֭˶
ⲻ˷Ѻ֭˷
ǣǰͣҽ͡
Ѿ͹ˣҲš
ҹʦ޸ٶĺܿ죬ҹʦѾ޸ӷˡ
ڵ˶ǿһŮˣȴ˵Ը񡣸õĺڡ÷ʦ˷ѣķʦѵʱһͣſڡ
ǿڵ˽ѧͽ
˭ƿӺ֭ùˣվҿ
ûվЩʦ㶵ǿֻһͷ
˰ƿӺ֭ˣ
ҹδǿֻûдΪֻһ޸ежϡ
ǰλҹʦָŹ̨µӵЩҹʦ޸ķ
ǿӣɫһܣ
ǿߵǰʼЩʱҹδҲ޸еǱĿڷӵǿ΢΢һüͷȻתͷԷ
֭أ


166 ٶ
֭
ո˵֣Ȼǿҹʦ
ҹδͷǣ
ǿֳõЦݣǸڵǿ֭Ѿˡ
䣬бһƿ֭˹̨ϣЦҹδ룺ҹʦϽ޸ɣҲڡ
Ǻǡ
ҹδ뺩ЦȴʮǿҪֳۿԼ޸㿴һ۷̿ʼƿӣ֭һЩ̨棬ëպź֭ʼͿĨϷ𻵵ĵط
ʱ侲ĵģʮʦؿҹδ롣ǲûйעҹδ룬ǿĻǵҲɺ棬ҹδ޸ٶȾж죿
ǿ濴ŷû˷Ѻ֭ǱطҹδǰȻóһǲ鿴˼ʲôطȻպ˺֭ͿʼͿĨ𻵵ķơ
ǿüͷһ壬֭ĨȥƵ֮⣬һЧ÷ܹ˳ڷϿ̻ơǣЧʱƵģֻӵʱ䡣ԣˮƽķʦƻʱû޸ϣͱüӲҪڶͿĨ֭Ρ
ǿԭ϶ҹδˮƽµķʦԲ˷ôĺ֭Բŭظѵҹδһ٣Ȼר޸ȼ͵ķǽ֮ȴ޸õķɲЩҹδ޸ģҹδ뵱޸鷢
񿴵Ϊɫҵ˺֭˷ѵࡣ

ãȻ̧ͷȻͿǿһ۾ŵһ
ơ
ڸʲôո˵һ֣ǿͬһ
֪֪֭ʱЧģӾͻʧȥЧҹʦ޸ٶȿ죬ҲҪӰɣʣһӵʱ䣬ҹʦ޸ڶ
ԭ˷Ѻ֭ڸʲô
ǿķβҪըˣΪֻڸտʼöһ£ȻֵͷȥͿĨ֭ˣѵʱȻɿؽ֭ͿĨˡǿ͸ˣȻ󡭡
ȻͿͿĨϵķŵҹδǰ̨ϣȻҹδ޸ķŽһ
ţ
ʲô˼
ǿЩ£
ҹδ޸ˣ
ҹδ뿪ʼ޸ԼַͿĨ֭ȻԼѵܹⷽа
ô޸ˣ
͡
ҹδֿʼ޸ˡҲٴȡһķʼͿĨ֭
ǿβˣǽҹδ޸Ȼ۾ԽԽӶ
˻
ʱΧһ󵹳ǰʮʦص
̫ˣ
޸ٶʵ̫ˣ
Ӫصķʦôٶ
ûУ
ҲҲЩʦ޸ȼķŻٶȰɣ
ǣĸʦ޸ֵ͵ȼķ
ѵλҹʦһʦ
˵Уҹδ˴Լ֮һӶһʱ䣬޸̽ոͿĨõķŵҹδǰ޸õķߣ̿ʼһͿĨ֭
ǿڴӴ͵״̬˹ǰʮʦ
ʲô֣Ͻȥ޸ٶˮƽУŬṷ̋𣿡
Щʦ̻صԼĹ̨ʼ޸ֻлһĨ𾪡
ǿؿһ۵ͷ޸ҹδ룬һûп޸ôķʦ
ȻһԷʵҸղŷӣҹʦ޸ôƷһµķУλҹʦôûмģ
һͿĨ֭һģŹġҹʦǶƷƷʦֻΪ˱գҹʦĶƷһµķ
ǱѧͽڻشԼʱ򣬲ؾصվãؿԼѵˡǴʱһͿĨ֭һ߻شȴû˿ŭֻЩֵ
ɵҹʦ޸ô죬޸Ʒʲô⣿ҸҹʦͿĨ֭̽еĶƷռ
ŶŶǣ
ǿǿи˲𷴿ͷҴҵȥװŶƷһ˹ǿëʵݸ˷ȡһƷʼͿĨ֭


167 
ǿվﾲصȣҪҹδ޸Ʒٶȡҹδٶɱԭеٶȡ

ֻҪиղһٶȣǾͿԺҹδר޸Ʒʦ޸͵ȼķ޸ٶȱҪӿ졣
󡭡
ֲ˳ҹδ޸ǱƷƤӵ£˼֮ǰһٶȡ
ʵϣֻҪҹδˣʲôƷķҹδУûʲô𣬸ӰٶȣΪÿƶռھظ̻۶ܹ
Ҫ˵ӰٶȵҲûУǱҪ𻵵ĳ̶ȡ
𻵵Ȼ޸һЩ𻵵ҹδܿ޸ˡ
ٶȣǿҿ϶ڵһƷƷʦҲҹδ˺ܶࡣ
ҹʦ޸ٷ̶Ȱ
ˮƽҹʦӦÿͻƵһƷʦ˰ɣ
ûжֻжҹδ˺ܶ࣬뿪ʱ򣬵Է
Ժÿƿ֭
ʱʱܿȥķʦһ˽ҹδߵİʮʦҲ뿪ʰߣȥϽ޸õķȡ׵飬ѧͽȥ
ʦ֮һʮƣû˵ǴҴȥȥָǣʮʦҹδ˹ƣЦݺҹδкһεķʦһľȡ
С˭
ôôܻӭ
ҹδѾ뿪˷䣬Ǳ˴˴һ£û֪ҹδ룬ͷʼ޸
ҹʦǴ۽簡
⣬ҹδ뱻ʮʦӵм䣬˳ŴϢšÿʦжǳҹδ޸ٶȺͳɹʣò˶þͻΪһƷʦһΪһƷʦǵҹδ츳ֻҪܹɹܹΪƷʦ
ȻҪã
ҹδȻҲҪЩˣһҪЩ˽ŴƷڵƷʲôͬһҲҪ顣
ǣҶƣЩ˺ҹδԼǰһʱȥʳóԷ
ҹδ밴ϵĺ룬ҵԼķݣһСԺƽưһͼϣԺű㱻򿪣ҹδ˽ȥͷһ㽫ɨɾ˷ڵùζ
ҹδϴ裬Ӧһ뿪ãƷȫεȺܽȫһԡͰ
ҹδӽȥһŷԡͰ㱻ע˭ȻӽȥһԡͰˮ㿪ʼתˢԡͰʮϢ󣬷Чʧҹδ뽫ԡͰˮʱ
ҹδ߳ţԺǰŴ򿪣վ⡣
ҹδʩҹʦѾ޸õķϽˣܹ޸˾ʮʮ˼ǾƷʮƷƷʮ˼ƷʮƷʮƷ
ÿ޸һƷһ׵㣬ÿһƷһ׵㡣ܹõٸ׵㡣
ҹδҲ֪׵ļֵ֪ÿһƷõĹ׵ͻһԺ޸ƷߵķгĶƷֻ޸ƷϾÿ޸һƷͻõ˸׵㡣
Ĺ׵أǲҪַһЩչҪ٣ҹδʵ
ãæҡͷҵĹ׵㣬ûʮ֮һ
ţ֪ˡ㾡ѡƷķ
û⣡ֳϲɫΪҹδõĹ׵࣬õҲࣺҹʦҰʰһ·ɡ
ãҶʰˣһɡ
ǡҾͲҹʦˡҹδЩƣɫҹδȥ
ҹδĺƣΪ޸Ϊ֮ǰڷɽоѾƣˣϢãִԽʱľƣ
Ժţصϴһ裬ҹδϵͷ˯
ɽ˯һΡǿľֻ˯һʱңˬ˹
ϴһֱ칤ϼһ齣̧ͷɫѾҹʱ򣬻ǲҪȥͱˡв֪ǲҲţǾҪȥ
鿴˵ͼȻ뿪˼ңŲķȥԶԶر㿴͸¶΢⡣߽󣬱񷶥Ƕҹ飬һŵڷвٵʿۿ
ҹδɨһۣоЩͷΣʵ̫ˣһü㡣
ôң


168 
Ŀ⻷ˣһ̨ȥһʿߵſǸʿʧȥ˫ȣһϡ֮ǰǸŮˣƶںʧȥ֫壬б˾⣬ʩ
ǰһ𣿡
̧ͷҹδ룬ʿ¶º͵Цݣʲô
ǰǳ𣿡
ǳʿֳ֮ɫȻҡҡͷûඣ
ҹδоһôûˣ
ʿһۣҡҡͷû˵ҹδ֪ӦԼĵλ߶ԷҲ֪ԭ
ǰڻԵɺ֮£õ㿴ǳ𣿡
֣Ǹʿһۣûпҹδеǳ
ҹδҪԷϾԷǲԱӦöܶ飬ԸԼһ£˵ܹԼһЩ顣ǳôй¶ȥ᲻ʲô
ҹδȫ⡣
ʲô
ֻǿϵķţûкĹͲʺҪǣʱǸϰ˵ܶ˶֪ˡ
ǣڵǣ˼Ҹϡÿ
㡭ûƭ㡣
ʿҡҡͷؽӹǱӣһҳɫһ䣬ɫ̱ء̧ͷҹδһۣȻֵͷһҳһҳطţ̫ˡû¾ͿˣǸʿֳź֮ɫ̧ͷִڴʵ
أ
ûˣҾ͵õһ⾿ǲǳ
ʿƬ̵ҲȷϾûмǳҾð˳ǡ
ǰҹδյûкˡҲ߿ĹһӾˣͻˡ
ˣ
пĹ𣿡
ǸʿֳƬ̵˵УǳΪ̫Ǿ콾޷һȺʿʼоǳջ˼˵Ŭǳܳ򻯵ķʽ
ǣоǳһȺˣ˱㱻оĸ汾˭ΪԼȷģ˭Ҳ˭Ǿһ顣
ʿͼԱǲѧͲͣڸҹδ뽲¡
Ⱥ˵鶼ɹˣ˴д裬ȻʤȻָȥк͸Ľرγķֱǵ£̺ƽ̡ĸ򻯵Ʊ䣬ܲأ쾭
ǡǳأ
ˣˡ
ˣˣ
ţһ֡Ϊ֪ǿĸһʯ
ʯ
ԣʯû֪·һ㡣ʯǳ巢֣Ǹʯϣ忪ʼǿԣҪǴδսУǸʯˡȻЩƬ˷ȥʧˡ
ǡӦ˼סǳ
Ҳ֪˵ʯϸͲ֣ʲôҲ֪ϵĹҲǸʱˣƾԼͼ¼ġҲδؾǳҲֻ˵򡣡
ǾûбĴУ
ûУ֪ûСǸʯ򣬷Ҳоĸ򻯰汾ӣ˵ĳˣֻܹЩ¼
˵ܹǳģҲֻƱ䣬ܲأ쾭ֶܹ֡Ǿûа취ˡҵǳ
ĶȥҰҹδйֹ𣿡
УֻҪй׵㡣
Уҹδ۾һٸأ
ʿ죺㻹ȥɣڵ㡣ˣϽȥӦܹȡٵĹ׵㡣
Ķҹδ۾һ
ɡҴȥ
ҹδǸʿ¥һڼ˸Ǳ֮ϸѯҹδõӵľҹδԼĸԼģԼĸĸѾȥˡ
ɣӲˣҲͲ㹱׵ˡѹۿƱ䣬ܲأ쾭ֹĿڼĹֹûЧҲˡֹЧѸ㿪ֹʽҪǹ׵ˡ
ǡҹδֹҶûЧܷѧϰһͨ
ҡҡͷǲѧΪѧˡˣѧУȴҲܹһּƷ似ȥѧҴӦˡ
лл


169 
ڰ֣ǸʿҹδȥǸʿֱӰҹδһǰϵĸ򣬷ֱһ㣬Ȼҹδ
Լɣ
ҹδһ򣬾̽ȥ
쾭
ҹδɿؿţ꿪ﲿ֣һӡȥˡҹδ뵱ϯض˫ۣ˼쾭Ȼ㿪ʼת쾭

ŨѨк˲ʧأҹδŬе쾭Ϊûȥ嵤Ȼʧأȴֻھתûˡ
ʱһȥӺҹδʧ˫ۡ
쾭ȷʵһѾܹԼĿˡǿǸ֮£˵ܹƿƿ˾ųҲȥ嵤ﰡڳ嵤ʱֻһ˿ܿƣŲΣգοĳܿƣ
ʧĲ뵽Ȼ쾭У˺͵쾭ˮƽֹҲС
ȻһƱ䣬ܲأ֮󣬺Լ뷨һҲܹƿҵ
ǸԱǰûа취𣿡
Ա˼Ƭ̣۾һԺܲҲֻ֪ǿⷽ棬㻹Żġ
ʲô᣿ҹδ뼱ȵʵ
֪Ȫ𣿡
ʲô
һȪۣǸȪеȪˮȶ㶨ʿЧһŸʿЧЧǿԣвʿڿʱ򣬻꣬ѿƵʱ򣬶ȥͻơ
״￪Ӧÿԡ
ֻǡ
ֻʲô
ֻѾռˣãҪ彫ڴУҪܹ׵㣬ǴҲûлᡣ
Ҫٹ׵㣿
ûжʧʱҪһ׵һ졣
˻ֻ١
ǡȪڿ֮󣬾ͲܸҼ𣿡
ʵϣȪܷЧҶ֪Ϊͱ˲ͬҲֻΪԭ̶ֳ꣬϶㡣ԣȪЧǶȴδЧ
ðɣ
ܹЧذ㿪ˡǣһʲô
ҪͨĸƢ
ҪԾͲҪ˵˰ɣ
һ˵ǵڴɲѨڴܹġʱһ£ôĵڳһǿ񱩵᲻ڿ񱩵ʮ
̶ֳȿ񱩵ȥԽĸƢȪѹס
϶ѹסȻĸƢͺرˣ
ҹδСܿƽⲻǹԱҲ߿һۣ̬û˵ˡ
Ҫ֪ҹδҲĹ˾ͷˣΪֹڴˡҹδ뻹ܹô侲
ǰƼһͨɣ
㡭ǹԱбǲ˷𣡡
ô˷ˣҹδһСȭͷҺġ
аɣԱҲҹδЦˣ˵˵ʲôس
ţȻֻͨڣҴѨڵܶ࣬ΪҵѨչһҵǳ
ûãԱҡͷѨڴٶ࣬еﴢĶࣿиƨã
ΪͨʲôسҪ֪ûнǿԣ˵ǸԵ϶ȸͻһЩ
ҹδ룺񶼲ɡ
ûҪôķˣһͨŰɡ
س
ʲôس
һʦƷʦҵľʮǿ󡣡
߷ʦĵ·Ա۾һ
ʦ·ӣôߣ
ȹɡ
Ѿˣ
㡭Ѿˣ
ǰ
ֻһʦ
˵ҵľʮǿǰɹˡ
Աֳ֮ɫ´һҹδ
Ŷ
ҹδָŹԱһһǰԱָϵ
㿴һ򡣡
ãҹδ֣˻ǿˣֻһ¥Ӧ¥һͨ
Աһ۵ѡ
ллǰ
ҹδϲ̵ؿʼһʱȥҹδ뿴վ˼
ԭڹ걾뵽ʦҪʶڽġ
˵Ҳ򵥣Ҳѡ
Ҫǰȥֻ֯Ҫ룬һϲ״ȻͻԶڱϣԱΪ۳һ


170 
ļ̶̳Ⱥʿľ磬̲صĺȺ;
Ҳ˵ʶԽ󣬾Խ࣬ԽߣķҲԽ̡
Ȼ˵ҹδĶصľ磬ܹһԹļ̷ġտʼķǺܴģ󲿷˵һζ벻
ΪһҪǿľġ
Ļһһؾ磬ﵽʿһҪеʿ֮ࡣ
Ҫ٣Ϊɹ߳ʿܶ඼ʧ˺ܶΣ󲻵òһԼ򵥵ıԼ򵥵ı˺󾢲㣬վ㣬㣬Ĵ洢㣬̶ȵʿͱֻǹһͱˡ
ԣܹ߱ʿһԹɹˣҹıƷ͡ҲǾιͳɹʿ˱ѹɹʿ̭ɵ߳ɡʣµЩʿҲδؾܹɹع
漰Ĵ;ˡ
Ϊ̫ľʱ򣬾ˣķֻʣһˣʱҲ
ǺڹҲ˺ʶֻ˷ʱ;Դʿ磬Ҫոһգ긴һȥ롣һԹɹģܹһԹɹʿÿ콾
ȻҲԽҩ
õҩȱ㡣
һǸĵҩ̫󣬶ҹһŵҩܹɹģԾﵽʿ
һǼõҩĸɹعʱķǷǳģҪոһգ긴һȥʹ̡
δ
ÿĹ룬ͨϵع
ȷ˵һһһصʿչһǸոչķҲǷʦģҪϵع룬һһؾ磬ҲǴʦ磬Ȼ룬һؽʦԲĲΣʱͿԳԶͶˡҲ˵Ȼһһһؾʿǵһιķȴ硣
ˣõҩҲķҪԺ롣ľֲÿιһķԾʹ򲻵ԷĴЧö฻Уܹÿζõҩȥ
ոһ긴һõҩ
ԣõҩһԺҲһΪĹ̡
ӵг㾫ʿÿι붼ܹԷһλ߶εĴǾ㣬õҩʿȴ޷ԷдÿĹ벻ڴڴԼľͨԼľﵽӾһʹԼľﵽܹĳ̶ȡ
ʵϣ⻹Ҫʱȥĥ
ôʲôã
һӵ˷֮󣬱ͬʶ֮رǺͱ֮бҪͷǳˡԷĵһôǷ
ڶǿΪһʹõģͱӣԱΪʶ뱾ʶԹˡʶķɴСֱӹԽսڡȻҪԼķһѵʶ÷ȥԶԼʵĵˣǻᱻ˸ġһ飬ʿ˺ܴ
пռģʿڷڹԴ
νԴ
þȻڷռһֱȷ˵㹹һڷҪû˵ʱֻҪþڵĻṵͨ˲ͷųˮ
ҲǷʦǿԭ
տʼķֻһ㣬ÿ˷ʦķСǲһģΪԱΪĴС;˷ĴСԽƷߵıԽ󣬹ķҲԽĿռҲȻԽ
ͨĽƷߵıķһҲʮҵķķֻܹȵﵽһ̶ȣͿԹڶ㣬״´ϸģԵڶܹķض١
һΪʦķڶΪʦķԽķڷڹĻԽ١
ʦ֮Ƿڣ֮Ǵڣ˵󣬷ǿԴģΪʿ֮أֻǴڵķǲ̣ʱźƵὥɢ
Ǿ˵һΪ𣬷ķͬСһ㣬òɢ
۾תͷԱˣԼѰҡȻһϿһᡣдŷͼ


171 
ҹδ۾һϰڷżʮᣬҹδһ򿪹ۿʹͬС죬ÿһͼҹδ붼һֲͬĸоܹоǸ߼
һȥҹδѡһԼΪķܵſڹ̨ȻԱѾص
ǰҹô
Ա˻չϾֳ֮ɫҪ

Ŀڶѹķ
ֻǵڶ
ô㻹Ҫһ
ⶼˣҲӦһɣŶˣĸǵһҸտеķͼûûбİ

Ա˻ᣬҹδǰһͼ

ҿ˰ҹδ뽫Ƿͼչû
ĿٴǷͼϣ˵ʵûĹͼ߻ֺ룬׳ۣΡ룬ߺأ̻Ի͡
ǰͼϵķҲģһһƾɵĸо
㿴ʲôԱڴʵ
ҹδ룺ӣ
Աһӣ˵Ҳԡ֪𣿡
֪ΰķʦ
ľ
Ҳҹδϵ˵
ƨأԱش㶼ͼƷͼ
Ǹһͼܹġ
֪ж˹ͼʧˣΪ޷롣
޷룿ʲô˼
ͼʶڸ벻ҪԵģҪԼһȷʶʲôԹʲôͼҪøԶ
Ҿͼ
ûⰡѸ롣Ҹ㣬벻˷ʱ䣬´ͼʱ򣬾Ҫչ׵ˡ
УҾҪ
ҹδӹǷͼս˴
ǰղ˵ˣһҶѡ
붼룬ֻһΡ
ͨǸӦġ
ȥһͨҲֻһΡ
ǰһѡһʹķš
ʹ
ҹδ룬Ȼ뵽˵Ǹ̿޸ķ룬ʹķ𣿡
Ȼһȭͷ
Ҫġ
İȻаͲ֪ܲѧ˰Ա¶һ˿ϷʣȻִҹδһǰȡһݸ

ҹδ뽫͸ȥ

ֽл
ҹδɫһ㣬ȥȻɫ;
ʣʮǿ󣬼ǿҹδ벻š
Ҫʮ룬þÿһ룬һֻ
ֳΡ
룬Ϳط
ȵȻǿ룬ֳַ֡һǿƷ빹һëȻëŹͷļܡһֻëСǲһģÿëҪķҲͬԿÿëļǲͬģëдëļܣСëСëļܡ΢ƿҲÿëĴСͬ
ڶǿƹһëķ롣Ҳ˵ëŹļܣëͻȻ籩滨ըļܡһը֮󣬾ؿÿһвͬĹ켣ͷļܡ
ֻһë鷳ֻᷱѵʲô̶ȣ
ǿ𣬱ǿëʼоǿƶë͹
ǿطǵعһֻͨȥƣͬһ㣬ʹ÷ĸּܽͷ
ҪǣֻǿԴԵġ
ʮ붼ûԲƵģһֻͷŻ档ˮԲϣǾˮ
ǣǷҪƵĲϺͷãѧ̫ˡƫƫʮǿ˰֡
ҾҪˡҹδ¶˾ġ
ԱŴͣб˾ռģǶĹҲ˽Դڣ˽Դڣһֱ֣Ӵɱ
ҲᣬҾҪѧ
ðɣڵġڲù׵һռˣʵˡΪѧᣬķʱ;
Աһ˵ţһȡһհ򣬽︴ƽհȻݸҹδ롣ҹδս˴
Ҫȥѡͨ
ȥɣȥɣԱһЦ̬Ҿ͵ſڣ˷ʱ;ԼУؿԭʿ׷׳㣬ЩͨʹڣǺǣȻҾͿűѰҹ
ǰö
Ǻǡ


172 ƻ
ԱЦǺǵشҹδȥ¥׼ҹδЦڵ˾ǺøԶܾԼǾ콾
һôõĻԵù׵㰡
׵ģ֪֪
ȻѡЩ۲ȴԲĹſްɣ
ò˼죬һ£ҹδͻػˡ
ʱҹδȴǼΪܣȱʲô
ȱľǹ
û뵽Լڷɽ˻ԵѵõĹ
ѧ᣿
Ͳ£ʱѡ¡ֻҪԼù׵£˷ʱ䣬Լռġ
ǰѧнͨ𣿡
УԱֱץһ򣬵ݸҹδͨΪ㺮ͨȥɡ
ҹδܿͿ˼飬ü䶼ȸԾ

ʼ׶һ׽ȥǵͨʼˮ¡
ҾҪ
У㸴ƣԱЦеظҹδ븴һݣȻҹδŵʱ
ЩƵĶԸ㣬Ƿͼֻµʱ䣬¹벻ͻ˻Ҫء
֪
ҹδıػȥˡ
صԼסҹδ뿴ɫҪԼֲԼȥͱˡţͱǱȥͱûпµİǵһ˰Ȼ󷵻ء
ٴλص˷䣬ҹδԼļƻ
˵ûãֲҿֻÿһУþʾĿġԸ˲ʲôʱ䣬һӾͽˡ
š
һ쾭
ÿ칤ҪһСʱ֮ǻ㺮롣
ȲҪˣԼûз룬Ҫ⡣
ʮϸëķ밡
ķöʯ
ˡ
ԼҪѡһԡ
Ȼǻˣ
ֻҪԡĻǻ
ֻĻʯˡ
ˣ
̫ˣûз£ȷһ߲˰ɡ
˾ʣ¹㺮͹롣
н
Ǳġ
ţ
ҹδͻȻ뵽磬ԺǲǹͿ칤ˣ
ܹҲռԼʱ䣬ֻǰ칤ʱͿˡȻ罣ʱ㺮Լʱ档
ôˣ

룬ǽ첻룬ԼúϢһ£Լ״̬ѣٿʼһι롣
ǸʲôһζҪģҲܹġ
˾ҹδڽʱ䣬ʲôҲûиɣֻӪй䣬һԼһܹ˵仰ˣ̸䣬˽
ǰһʱŷõʳȥ߽ʳõĴţͼһȺΧʮţ졣ԼǸεİʮʿҲмʮʶģӦһεʿЩûзִſ߽ҹδ룬ΪǴʱĵˡ
һʦʲôĵģǿǴʦĵʲôǷʦĵʲô
ٶȣ
ôͼʲôĵģ
ʦҪƷٶȣ𣿡
ͼһʦвԭһֱʦƲһܴˣ
޸һƷʦķҿ
޸һٶ޸ĸʱ
Һ˵Ѿ޸ˡֱ

ԣǴʦܹٶ޸𣿡
ʵϣ޸ƷʦЩʦĲʲôǰ޸һҲ
ǡ
ٶ޸ĸʱͿˡһ¼ڳЩʦԼ
ҲǸţ
Ǵʦ飬һʦ
ǴЩֻҪˣûпôġһʦ
ԣһʦ˵ˣʦ¶һʦܹ
꣬ˣλû𣿡
ҹʦʱһǺķʦһ̧ͷҹδ룬ɫվ
ߣǲ㣡
ৡ
һٶ˫ĿҹδϣҪ֪Щ˿ɶǷʦǾǿķʦҹδĿⲻشžǱķʦʱ򼴱ûлԣҲ亹
ǣҹδľ̫ǿˣɫ˹˹ֵ
ҹۼλͬ
룡һʦɫϷʣðԵ֡
ǲ֪޸ǲҲôԵһʦҲڵ
˵ʵЩʦڷʦǰ̬ϵƵģû뵽ԷȴЩʦҹۣǴǶѿʱҹδ뱾ˣҪϷһ


173 Χ
ҹδһϣ溬΢Цڷʦ磬һܹʵ
Щʦɫһ㡣
Ű
Ե
˼ˣڿ϶ЩʦĴţơ
Щʦɫ΢һЩһòƺеλĴʦҹδ
˵ܹ޸һƷ
ӦǰɣܹһЩ
ҹδûпھҪֻԽߡܹӵиѣõĵλҲܹԼĻŸ˽⣬Ҳܹҵȥķ
ĸʱ
ţܹһЩʱ䡣
Ǹʦˡ
ããҵҪۿֵܿ͡ǰˣЩԹ۰ɣ
ŶֻҪλǿǰ⣬Ȼ⡣
Щʦɫһ䣬ʱǺҹδһεģֻһ䡣
ȥǿһ¡
´ʦȥʦ߿ʼԷûȳһ룬Щʦ͵Ļˣǿͬˡ
ǿͬˣϢ˳ȥҪЩʦҹδ޸ٶȣЩʦҪ֪ʦÿһ˿ߣⳡսŰ
ˣҹδȷʦ˹䣬ѾˣĿһɨˣЩ˵вдʦзʦ
ҹδ߽ܵ˹䣬ƨƨߵܹ
ҹʦ׼ˣ
ҹδĿһɨ㿴̨ڷʮװƷʦĴӣͷ
ʼɣ
ΧһĿⶼҹδϡ
ǿĿɨЩʦЦаϽˡ
ؿʼȡȻͿĨ֭Ȼҹδ뿪ʼ޸ȻЩʦһΪҹδ޸ٶȿ졣ҹδ˵ЩΧ۵ķʦѾ׼ҹδٶһܿ죬ҪĲҹδ޸һٶȣҹδܲٶȼĸʱ
ǣǿŵҹδĸǰ֮̾ͿʼͿĨһʱл𾪡
ҹ۵ٶô죿
Ȼ󡭡
ܿˣ
ҹδٶȻô죬ǰʮʦо컹ҪһЩ
һ
ܿ죬һʱȥˣҹδɱſٵٶȣַǳȡ
Щʦҡͷ˵ٶάһʱˣֻ޸һҲûٶȡ
ö
޸ٷ
һʱ޸˶ʮ˼ˣ컹Ҫ찡޸ЩʦоͷΣԼһɣ
Ŷ
һ춼δ
ʱȥˣЩʦ϶ˡЩɥ
˼ҵˮƽ
˼ҵٶȡ
ԼѾǴʦˣҲٶȼʱ
ʱڷˡ
ٿҹδ䡭
˶оˡ
ʱȥˣЩʦҲǸ̾룬Լ޸ЩʦķҹδٶȣʱĸʱҲԼʦ˼ֻǷʦ
ĸʱȥˡ
ҹδ˿̵Щá
ڽɽ֮ǰٶȣ޸ĸʱȫ⣬ԼֲԴԼ֮ͨ󣬲ֻܹЩƣ͡
ϵҲҪ
ֻǡ
ҹδ벻΢΢üͷԼû֪ʲôʱܹǸȪ
ҹʦ˰ɣһеҹδ˼оѣ̧ͷȥһЦôõǱǿ
ϽȥϢɣ콾ɲۻˣ
ǿҹδ˷ţЩʦһʺš
⻹Ǹǿ
ǻӻǻˣ
ʱҹδѾԶǿתǴõɫ̱úüԣ
վʲôųԷ˼ңٿԼԵÿԵķ𣿻ȥɻ
ɢ
ҹδصԼķ䣬ͷ˯
һ˯˯ʱ࣬ҹδѹˬЩƣһɨա
еϴһɢȥʳáһʳãһ𾴵Ŀ⡣ҹδ뺬Цͷ˷ˣس꣬ȻƵ߳ʳãʳڵһӶ
ҹʦƽʱ˸оô޸ô찡

ҹδǿľȻ˱ʳڵҡҡͷһ˿Цţ̶չ
ùˣ״̬ոպã
ص˷䣬󷨡Ȼ󽫹ͼӴȡǽϣڶϥ£ؿ˲ӣȻ˫ֺʮ
ӣռЧ


174 
ҹδͽ뵽ռ䡣˲䣬ü۾ͳ˾ϲ
ҹδ뻹治ȷռԹûЧĿǰΪֹֻ֪ռԷƺЧ似ЧԴƣӦöԵͨҲЧ
ǣ벻Ĺ似ƺҲڷƺơҹδɱϣΪڷʦķ롣
Ȼ
ʱռڳһͼǷͼֻҪռܹĶ֤ռԴЧ
Ȼ󡭡
ռڵ񷶥֮ϣһǳͷųһǹ⣬Ƿͼʼɨ衣
ҹδһϲ˵ռͼܹ
ͼѾǲĹͼˣռ仹ܹǸ֮Ĺͼжôǿ
ռɨʱⳤҹδ˼Щ
û뵽ﲻֶĹͼԹƱ䣬ܲأ쾭ֻܹҪ㹱׵㹻ͿѧϰȻҪĹ׵ʮӴ󣬵֤һ̬ȡ
ҡ
ҹδ̾Ϣһ˵սľܲãĴɲὫԼó
Щ߲ⳡսܷʤҲûе
ҹδ뾫һΪʱɨˣרעضŶĿռ䣬֪ʱ򣬱ռһ㹹ͼʱ̶ҹδҪ
ǡ
Ȼ۾
ô᣿
ռͲڹһͼڹһķ
һķ
ҹδһڹķһǿмŷÿһ˿Ĺ졣
һѵõĻԵ
Ҫ֪ʿͼѵ
ͼڵķƽģʿʶڹķģһķֻɾġ
ԣʿҪڹۿͼʱͼе⡣
˵ܹ¹ͼĴܶǼ򵥵ǵĹͼһƽ棬еʱ򣬱ῴһģģ⾳ķȻͿԴӹͼвϵУʼʶڹ
һķʱ;Ḷ́е˻ܿҲھܹʶڹеҲҪ꣬еһӶ벻òѡ򵥵Ĺͼ
˵κһͼʿܹġ
Ҫԣ
رҹδѡֶĹͼӵļѡͼҲûˡ
ֻǵһһͼУҪʶڹҪӴľ
УһؿҲһĹ̡
ǣҹδͬ
ռֱӽƽķת壬ȥһĹ̡Ȼҹδǰһ˿˿ĹȥеḶ́ҹδֱʶڹ
ֻҪľ㹻
ľ
̫˰
ΪĶأռڻôһҺ徫أ
һ˿˿ҹδҰɣʱ濴ҹδĶͷѾʼˮ
ֱ̫ˣ
ҹδԶԼľʱ÷ѾʵǷ̨̫ˣҲ̫ˡ
ҹδ벻֪ԭķḴӵʲô̶ȣǱռ֮ķҹδһʶʲôǸӣʲô
Ҳ֪ԭǷƹɵİ
֪ȥ˶ãһķҹδǰ
ֺ׳ۣӶأɢ޵ܡҹδоԼ˵С
⾳ӷ˳ҹδ۾⾳֮С
̣ɣأ翡
⾳
ǡ
ҹδȻѣ쳣
һ˷⾳Ҳ״˵ġ
˵УЩǵķԳΪ죬֮ǰҹδ뻹ŨŨĻɣϾûм
ǲǴ˵ʵġ
֪Ĺͼķʲô⾳ڳռڵһ졣
߻ȫ棬һС硣
ֲ˸
ֻķԼܹ
ˣ
ҹδ뷢Լ⾳ˣҲ˵ûǷͼûռ䣬Ҳʱ룬ʶڹա
ǡ
֮ǰǿмЩ̣Щӷµķơ
ҲȫˣԼ˾ųɣʵǸոռ䣬ͳ⾳֮Уȫˢ˼䡣

ҹδЩۣ͵ɡռڳʼ칤Ȼǵ쾭㺮ˡȵԼʼ֮ٿʼ㺮ʵ̫ˡ
һֲൽȥ޸ʱˡ


175 
ҹδɺƴΪҪܹ׵㣬ȪʱԼпܵõһ
޸֮ҹδûȥͱ˼δػôϢ׼ȥص˷䣬Ϣһٴν뵽ռ䣬һռٴοʼշ
ҹδŶĹգǿмÿһƵĹ̡
Щƾ󲿷ֻܹǿм䣬Ϊķ粻
ҲʿڹʱΪʲôôѡ
ΪһһӦÿʼٴЩˡעʿڷľ粻̫๴շķƲ
̽롣
һۣһ롣
ۣǹۿǿмЩơ
룬ۣͨʶһķģȻշ
ȻʿڷǾͿԲϵ˽Щϵķ˽֮ÿһεĹ룬ǶЩƵĴ֮ʹԽԽ̣ҲԽԽﵽС⣬츣ء
ȷʵǳѣǳĥˡ
Էʦ˲ܹΪģʦͷʦɶʽ٣Ϊ
ռڵķȫ֮ҹδٴһǷʧռٴοʼ¹ա
һ飬飬顭
ʮ˱顣
ҹδ˳ռ䣬˫Ŀɫ԰ף͸
죬۾ϵЦͬٵزӡ
ЩշĹͬӡһӡļС
Կʼˣ

ҹδ³һûϴ㵹ڴ˯˹ȥ
˿ɫʱңŵȥ޸ʱ䡣´ϴһ裬ֽԼ·Ļϴϴ
Ȼڴš
ԼҪõȪҪ˽Ȼҵ뿪İ취ֻй׵ЧҪԼĵλ
Լǲˣڵ״޷ȥֻܹʦĵȼ
Լһ·ѧϰһƷҲˣ˼־ʹﵽһˡ
ʵϣӾƷʦʼÿһʮַǵƷʦԺͲټˣÿҪѧʮַҹδ뻹ǾԼÿƷѧһ֡
ѧɣȥˣΪһƷʦ˵λҲЩ޸һƷõĹ׵Ҳడ
ҹδȡ鼮ʼѧϰµķһ۷Ȼ뵽ռ䣬ھֹռڷϰ
ѧ˵һ֣ҹδռڳ칤͵쾭ȻȥʳóԷŴһȥ˹䡣
æ޸û˵еֻǿ̵ɳɳÿһʦȫרע޸
̤̤̤
ͻȻ˽Ųһʦ˽ֱҹδǰҹδ޸еķ֮󣬲
ҹʦ
ҹδ̧ͷʶԷǰһʵĻ£֪Էһʦ㼱æվ
ǰ
Ǵʦڰֵôҽһѵķˣҹʦæ޸
ҹδһ㣺ǴʦΪ޸
Ϊߣһ͸ġǳϧֻں޵ɱУ⵽𻵡ܹ޸ҹʦҲ֪޸ķͨһɣҰæȥʦ޸õĽҲֻǼɡ̫ϧǱܲҵһܹ޸ķʦķܼ
ԭҶܾˣǲܵ顣
ͻȻˣ֪ܷ޸Ǹ
ȻУҲûʲôҲ֪һƷʦֻǿ޸ٶȣһǱϣˡϾǸѶҺҪ
ܹ޸ǸҵԸתʮĹ׵㡣޸һһƷʦǾŸ׵㣬Ըתʮ׵㡣
ʮ׵㰡
ҹδ۾һԼѾﵽһƷʦľ硣
ԣҪȿ
ȵҹδ룬ֻǱһ˿ϣģȴû뵽ҹδӦ

˵ҹδͷ뿪˹䣬Ȼһ䣬Žȥǿķ䣬ʱǿһӺ棬ڻżˣһһϣмվΧۿϵһ
С˷ܵضǸҸһܹ޸ķʦ
ʲô
Ǹ꣬ǿǼվǰҲȻתף


176 Ʒ
С˷أûע⵽˵ɫҸһ£λҹҲʦ
޸ҵķû˵꣬һҹδǰɫʵ
ӦÿԣҪȿ
ҹʦ֪˵ʲô𣿡ǿĿⶸȻֱҹδ롣
ǿʱǰץҹδʣ֪޸ضʧ𣿻ûܹ޸
Ϊķ
ʣµļ˿ʼ㲻ǷЦݣرǿҹδͣ˶΢΢ҡͷ
Ҫˣ
ҹδƺûиоΧĿ⣬ҲƺûпǿĿ⣬ɵ˵
һлδ֪ҪܹȷǱϵķ𣿡
ǿɷǷǳҹδġ
ҹδֻһƷʦܹٶ޸ƷôСһ֮ţҪҹδ롣
ǡ
ʱǼ˵ɫˡ
⼸˿ɲͨķʦǷڡǶûа취޸СѾͷ˵ܹ޸
Ϊ˭
ЩڴʱѾЩŭˣǶҹδԵķŭжҹδֶԴķŭ
̫ˡ̫ˣ̫֪νˣ
ҹʦ
ǿ̾Ϣһ֪սжңÿ춼жжٷơ·Ǻʱõģֻ޸ÿ죬Ȼ½ܱʿֿȭá
ԣõѹر
һҹδ룬ϲһһ޸ķϵˡ⻹ǷʦҹδܹͻƵʦڷõİ
˵ܹ޸ⲻǳ
ǿЩɸ֣ʵʵ޸£ҳʲôͷ
ʲôԣ
Ǹλλҹʦ˵ģ޸ǸҲ֪޸ô죬˿϶ǺۣǳۣӦǰԴˣ
ڳЩĿһ´ҹδ롣Ȼо˻Ҫúôһҹδ롣
ѾͷӦƮˣˣôһ£һͷˡ
ҹʦӦģͦǲӦôСǵĻһЦرС
ԣһڵȻҹʦģӦ˼
ʦЦеǿܵø˻ᣬ԰ɣ
ǿΣĲҹδȥ޸Ǹݿɲ򵥣һû޸ҪǿҲͷۡ
ҹʦǿҹδʵʵ˵ҹδѹѹ޸صġСѾ˵˰ɣ
ݣʲôݣҹδɫһ㣺ʲôϵֻ޸
ţ
˶һ㣬ԭҹδ벻֪ݰҪȰ
ˣǿĿ
Դ޵ķˣ
ⲻǸҹʦڿ
Ȼҹʦȥˡ
޸Լһʦѵ֪ǲܵģ
Լ֪ܣȥҹʦˣκܣ
ʱҲӦˣǺĲȥҹʦģһ˿ϣҲΪϣֻһ˿ûпôࡣʱ뵽ҹδ벻޸ǽˡ
ʱġ
Լһ⣬Լôûأ
̾ϢһоԼӦúҹδ˵Щεҹδ
ҹʦλеͬүүžǷɽսĸͳ˧
ҹδˣֲɵ
Ҫû޸
Ҫ֪һ޸ϣǲظ޸ģҲ˵ˡ
Ҫ˵һССķʦʦ¶Ҫͷʹ
ҹδҲЩͷʹϸ˼һ£ԼӦû⣬ԼֻǵҪ׬׵㣬ûбȵ뷨

ܹ޸ǿԽύͨ˽ʱҲܹҵȥİ취
ɲʱҪȥأ
µͷʾԼףǿɿʱ򣬱ҹδ
ڲȷҪȿ
ԭһڴϿϵǱ
ǿٴηоζʹ
ʱǼʦɾŭˣѾԼļͱˡ
ǲ֪ǳΪ˳ͷһ˰
ҹʦ޸Ҫܽһ˿ܰһʦɫѾ䵭
ʦҲɫ䵭ԭҪô򣬵лʮҪҹδͷȥˡ
֪ǳ˲ֵ
ǴʱҹδˣҲٶҹδһ˿õۣΪѾҹδһ
ƷУ


177 һܹ
ʦÿλãҹδǰĿǱϡ
žǿɸֵؿҹδ룬ؿҹδ룬ڴؿҹδ룬ʦؿҹδ롣
ôԼɣ
ҹۣ
ǿҲ̲סúĺҹδ֣ûкҹʦ˵
̫ˣ
ڼʦǰˣ
̫֪ˣ
ҹۣ
ʦɫһ㣬ǻǲ֪λҹʦ֡
ôԵ
ֲô񡭡
۹
ʦЦеļԡ
ҹδǳ鴤һ£ʱžԼ̫ˡ
Ҳ鴤һ£Ȼ˫綶رסԼҪЦĳ嶯һԼ
ЦԼЦܵҹۡ۹
ҹδһۣתߣˣ
𰡣
䣡һվҹδǰ쿪˫ۣҹۡҹʦҴˣĴˡ
ҹδҲû˭Լأ
ʮ׵㣡
ʮ׵㣡ʹͷ
ҹδֻ˻ĿǷȥǼʦǿɫѿˡ
⻹ˣʮ׵㣡
ʱҹδɲעǣ˵Ķϸۿϵķơ
˻
ɵһţ
ȻǸͳ˧ĶӣΪԼĶ±ǮֻһһƷʦıҹδţܲھƷʦ
һϾȻַƹķ
һǽرһַ
һҲ˵кᣬǵڵ˵ϻʮֵĳأ൱һؽΪƫƫʮַ
һǷзͷųķСؼǣÿһ󻹵㡣
ַһʦȥ޸˵޸ˡ޸ǳѣЩˣʦķ롣ҲǴʦܹǿ޸
ǿ޸
ҹδѾΪԭѾо˺ܳһʱĵӣ󷨵ӣзĵӣҹδҲұ֤Լһξܹ޸
Ƚռ԰ɡ
ҹδ뵽ռ䣬һ̨֣һĽ
ɨ裬Ȼڶİг˹ĻĻϿʼķ
һ޸һ޸
Ȼܹ
ҹδǰ޸ķҲֵԼоֻԼоˣܹ͸ķȽϣԼ֪ʶԺܹﵽ㲻ռ䣬ԼҲܹԸ
һɹ
ҹδϲԼĵӻǺܺ
Ȼʼոķʼ޸
ʧܣ
ʧܣ
ʧܣ

˵Σڳɹˡҹδһ£Ȼһܡ
޸ķȴ½ˣҲֻ½İɣɼҹδڷʦ磬Ѿﵽ˶ˮ׼
ҹδռڳڱ˵УʱҲ͹ȥʮϢʱ䣬⻹ҹδڽռ֮ǰʱ䡣
ںܾҲû˼Ǽ˿ɶʦȻ¶ȴҲûзǳʮϢʱ䣬ͼҹδ롣
ҹδ³һתͷվԵϾֳ֮ɫ
ҹʦ𣿡
ܣ
̫ˣüëҪ
ߣһߡ

ҹδһֹ֣סĻֳ֮ɫ𣬱𵫣Ҿµ֡
ɫһǿҹδҪתˣջҳɲ޸
ҹδ΢Цʮ׵㲻
ߣ
طߣصĶ࣬ŷŭǿҹδƷѾûˡ
ɫҲ΢䣬ں༸׵㣬Ҳҹδ̰ˡƷǲֵýˡѾ˾ܶԷҪٹ׵㣬ԼˣԷҲҹ֡һףԺ˫û˹ϵǣƤЦⲻЦ˵
ҹʦöٹ׵ʣ
ҹۣǿŭˣҹδǻԼ´ȥƷͰˣδͻˡ
ҹδȴҡҡͷҲ֪ٹ׵ʣ޸ܹ֮ԭĻһɣöٹ׵ʣ

ͣĲš
ҹۣ֪˵ʲô𣿡
ʱǿҲ𾪡ҹδ˵ģǵȻ̰ᣬƷҲܡ
һɰ
֪ʶ޼۵ģ

ҹδ뿴ǿᶨִ£ģһܹ
Ǻǡʦ̲סˡһʦֱ˵˵ܹһܣӹ׵㣬Ҷһٹ׵㡣


178 ɹ
ҹδ΢΢һüͷӮһһٹ׵㣬ƺ̫áԼ޸˷ԭǼûӮԷ׵㣬Ǿǵϳƣ̫ˡӴָпʼһȥߣһ߶
ˣ;ʮ׵ɣǽѡ
ļһӾ뵽ҹδ˼ʲôǸڿǰ
ãҽˡ
ãҹδ̽ӿڣھͿʼְ
˲ڣеĶԻǼſڣֻñˡʱٿڣʱҹδ˵ΪǵĴţ޸ʧˣ˭Σ
һԼǷڣѵɣ͵˸ͳ˧Űɣͷǲá
ʱ˵ʲôǰ׷ѣ￴λҹʦôʧܣһʧܣҲͲ޸ˣҲʡȥһͷ۵鷳
ôһ뷴ľƽжҹδķŭȴѾ⣬ҹδʧ֮󣬱ضҪúúǳͳͷضҹδ뷢쭣ҲϹۣᱣҹδ롣
ΨһнľǿЩûпҹδڷϵ츳ۿҪҹδ롣
ǡ
˿Ǽڣ֪Ǽڵ̬ȣ̾һתͷ˿εɫ֪Խʧ֮ķŭԽǿ̾ϢһҲ¶˾ģΣضҪԼŬִ²ҪˣҲҪҹδ롣
ڼžеĿⶼҹδϡҹδպź֭𻵵ķƲĨȥȡ̵ʼ̻
ֻǿ̻ʮʣ˵ЩڣҲҹδ̻ķмʺԭĲͬΪ̫ϤˣÿնãķѾӡԼļС
ҹʦɽſڡ
죡ҹδǳ⣬п̵ͣ
ո˵һͷţȴɤۡǵһαԼүү֮˺ǳ⣬ǿҹδֶͣǱ͡Ǽȴ̲סˡһںǳ
ѵ֪Ѿ޸ⶼǻ㡭
죡
ҹδ΢΢üͷǳ⣬Ȼ޸Ѿʮܵŵ£Ҳ֪ԼǷܹƫ뵽Ƿڣһ߿̻һ߽һ䣺
ԭķһ𣿡
ɫһֳ֮ɫǼڵеŭҪʵʻˡһСǳˣƫƫֲܱһҹδϣͻŭ𡣼ͨ죬ʱǵѾҹδʧܣǲỤҹδ룬侮ʯ
͡
ҹδٶɼ죬ǴʱǿҹδٶȣȴҲûһ˿ϲãĵĵĺͽǡʱѾй˼λҹδ롣ֽǵĹ˼Уʱ÷ɿ죬һӵʱ䣬ҹδ빴һʡ
ˡ
ȫϣһ˳ŷƿʼʣڲϢʱڣһպ֮󣬱һϢʱ䣬âָԭģ
ҹδƽؽջ˴Ȼԣ

ž
ʱڵһƬͣǲҲʮһâ޸ɹ
ǡ
ںǿ͵ؿϵǱ
ôܣ
Ǻ֪ķƫҹδ޸ĹУѾˣߴͬ˵޸ʧˣôкâ
ѵ
ǵһͷȻ֮ҡͷ
ܣ
Բܣ
ССѾͷεºܣ
ܹ
Ҷûأ
ץ˷ľͺܼˣΪֻǿâ֪үү͸Լķ޸ˣֻǲ֪ǲҹʦ˵ǰ㣬һɵܣ
еĿⶼϣʵ߳ԼޣԵǻʱ򣬶ûйһ˿ţȴͽš
һע뵽֮С
ϡ
һзҪ֮ǰĻ˳ܹоڷеҪ֮ǰ˳ˣһɡ
ˣֱͬһ̫˽ˡ
ܱضһɡ
ջҹδʩһɫΪҹʦҹֶ˵ʵڲԶδҹ֮ض쳹塣
ʦʱǿˣŲȷһɵܣ
ţҹʦţ
һǰһü˸һüкǰ
ԣ


179 Խ
ã
ҲҪԼע뵽֮УŶķȥ
͡
ȳֵıһ߳Уն˷֮ϣǷĽ˷ϡ
ض
ϡ
䡭
ɢ¡һŴ飬ľм漤䣬ڷõϿջص
ಡ
һӰ˷Ӷ
ϣ
սϲؿԼеķһֻϧظšοȫ϶һɡ
ǸڴվûջȥΪһڣϵļ̫˽ˡȴ֪ȷʵһɡ
ڣΣļڼڷɼʵ
ŶڴӴ˹Щѵ˵һɡ
һҹδǰ¶õͬջһЦݣ
ҹʦķ۸ʲô
ʲô
ٵӰѾڷڣŴһƬǽ壬ڵҲ飬Ũüۣһɫһ
ٿɲһķʦһϹսսɷʦʱɢѹڵȻ
ಡλҲڷڣŴ⣬зʦӡ
ҲʵʵؾصǰٲһڣһһϹսĴڡǷ޻˵սҲ˾η
һţˣ
ʱҲһ𾴣ؾصʩ޸ķŴ⡣
ٿһۣ΢΢һüͷںͳ˧žںҶ飬Ҳ֪ûдҲҷʦ޸޸˸ã޸ˣɲǳ
޸ķͻһʲô֣
޸ˣ޸ˣϽǸո޸ܣƻҵķܻһɡ
ʲô
ٵĿⶼһ£ȻǼڣֳһ˿ϲ⼸еĳһ޸ﵽ̶ȣܻܿڲõĽͻƴڰһֳЦݵ
˭޸ģ
ڵ϶ֳ֮ɫǿһͦţʱҲûһ˿ĺͽǣĶǾϲ
ҹʦ޸ġ
ҹʦ
ٻǿ㱨ҹδ飬ȴûмҹδ룬Ŀһɨҹδϡʱǿϵ
ҹʦڵľȻͣȴҼ츳һ

Ҿһ
Ŷ
ɫ΢㣬ǿҹʦƳ磿
Ҳ¶˺ɫҲҹδ飬ֻҹδǸ磬ʵǵȤ
ʦϰˣ͵ĵȼˡ
ǿʱݺ᣺ҹʦѿŲеķУҹʦسɳ
һƬڵֳȻɫǶûѽķеʸҹƾʲô
ƾһ
һϢ֮ڿڵҲͬ⡭
ûʸ񣡡ǿֱӴڣҲǷڣˮƽڸߣִ£뵽ڶҹδ̬ȡܲ
ҹʦƵʱ㶼ס
ڵɫһӱͨ죬ûǷڣô˵仰У
ôҵ
ǿбڣҿ
ڵɫɫˣ΢΢ͷɴ಻˵ˡǲǺԵġ
ҿķ
ã
ؽٵУΪڣֻһۣͿ߸ƵĲͬвֳ˼֮ɫ˷ܵĻ𻨣
ã̫ˣȻ̧ͷҹδ룺ô뵽ģ
ҹδɫҶԷȽУ㳢һ¡
˻
һŵҹδ룬ԭλҹֻǳԣûаա
ٵǸֳһ˿Цݣеķָ˵ҹδ
ӹͲ޸ʧܣ鷳
ҹδȻ˵һ¡
ٲʧЦѵ㲻֪԰壿
֪ҹδͷҾǸ岻ԣΪɱϡǱ壬޸ʧˣҲղǸʼմڣʧսһˡ
죬ЦáƫƫãΪҹδķ޸ˡһܡ


180 ͻ
ٵͷͬҹδĹ۵㣬תͷˣ
ţˣҲȷʵҹδʩһ񣺡лҹʦͰѹ׵ת㡣
ҹδͷٵת˹׵㡣λʩһڵֵˡ
ٿڵķȫ濪ţǲܵġɣʦȫѿšܹһڣɹʦ۷壬ҿķھĴҲѿš
ҹδдϲͿŹ׵㣬ȫȪˡٹʩʵ
л
ȥɣ
Ҳˣ
ҴʩȻС׷ҹδ룬ҹδĴָ
ҹʦ
ͺãҹδ΢Ц
⣬Ȼ⣡Цҽˣʲô¾ܺңﻹЩġ
ҹδס˽ŲһЩæ
˵һظ
мʧɢˣҴһ¡
ǽʲô֣Ů
һһ㣬еġ˵ҹδͻȻһ֪ԼЩֵܽû᲻ҲɽȻҲʱ⵹ص
ֿڵӣžܰԣһŮӽȻ
УһæҲ֪սǳҪʱ䡣
ף㾡ͺá

ž޴ķɽ̳̾Ϣһһµĺкׯһ˻ŷӲ˷ɽȴ˷ɽųֵסֻףҲܹ֮ǰԽɽǺԥؽ뵽ɽȴû뵽ڷɽ֮С
һԵɫܲÿڷɽЩУ´һٶУʣʮˣׯʮˣʣµʮһνءԵãȴǰԵûôˡ
ɽ̫ˣ֮仯ǷɽеһСľޣ档
˵ˣһʮ˾ȻĿС
OO@@
ߴǲŲҶ̳һ֣˶ͣս׼
Ҷֿһ˳ȴȻһˡǿ˾վﱸս̳һˣҲս׼ȻȻʶЩˣոյׯĵؽ磬ͼ̳ȴûм죬ǿ泤úҲͲ֪Էˡ
̳Ȼһˣһֻˣҿʵǿ治֪ʲôôġ
ʵȻһ˻ǲף׳ͺѾˣֻʣȻܰԺǹˡ
ɫҲһɣ̳һۣ˴˶׶Է⣬Էձ࣬ҲܹǿԼⷽʵ
ǣʱվһʿȴϳȻˣׯķУǸߡָȻ
ׯڷµġ
ɫһ䣬ͬʱȻ˵ͷӡܰѾժתңһļ֧ʸͼȥ֧죬֧̳
̳־ȷ֧ʸһе̴֧ʸȵ
ɱǡ
ϡ
һĨӲݴкͻأն졣Ȼȫû뵽ǽ̴ǰ
õ·һ㣬ڰѸݵػһߡ
ۡ
ηĺˣһᣬ̴նϣѪ
Ȼ˷˾Ǹͳֵ̫ͻȻһҲֻʹ֣㱻նһֻ֡ŭɱ⣬ѾϳǸͣΪǸͺԼֵܶˮ̫ˡ
ŵϣ

ŵͬһߣһߣֱʺʮǰһˣһֱǱи٣ҵѵĻᡣ
һֻ֣Ѿһذһһߵĵâһ̫Ѩ
̳ң
ѾԼһȺУҲֻ̳ܹʤԷһԼ˶ȥ׷ȻǣȻظϣѾֻԼԲԶ̳ܹԼ
ʩˣ
̳һеһߵȥ

ȼʱصס˶ŵϵĳǶŵϵ飬εˡ
ಡȣֶذѾŶŵϵʺȥͬʱԷصЩׯʿȵ
ùңȥ
Ǽʿ̳ҲȥлŵϣͷȻ׷ȥ
壬࡭


181 ս
壬࡭

Ȼ˻żӣҪׯʿ׷ϵʱ򣬶Ȼۻս
ۻս裬ѪڡǵȴһƬ
Ȼ˶ס˽ŲׯʿҲͣ˫϶ž֮ɫ
ʲôǹ⺧ȻǼׯʿҲŴ͡
ǵһʿʿ̫ߴˣǽӽ׸ߵܰԺЩҲͬһֻϡ
ЩʿŸָı춯صս裬ѪȾ£еϻƣеȱ첲еȡǵĿɴż㡣

ȻǵĿ⣬Ҳȥϵľ֮ɫޡ

̫޴ˣ
ָ壬Źͬ㣬ͬľ޴һУſҰı塣
⡭ԡܰͻȻڵ͸ģ
ɫһԶׯһʿֳϲ֮ɫǰ͸᲻ǻԵ
ʱǻ˵׷ɱȻ
ڴأһ壬һҲ塣ȵǰ塣Ǽׯʿһֻ޴޵ǲ˹
ֻֻӾ̫޴ˣͬһɽѹѹܣ־塣
ֻһֻӣ㽫Ȼ˺಻ׯʿ㶼ӵ档
˾޴ӣս˫ȶɲмׯʿܲסѹɢӡҲׯʿƶǻԵ̧ͷŴӿ̤ӣеڴͿ־ٵؽ档
ȻʱҲЩ壬ׯǱߵĺҲˡҲϣǻԵֻǱһֻɽ̤¡
ͣ䲻ԵܰԴһӣܹܰȵģ
ԡ
һļƿնȥǾ޴˹ȥ˲ûǾ޴ӣȻܰһԾеĶ̵ż̤ȥ
Ȼǹս裬пܰԵĲ˲Ѫ
ǰ
ǻԵҪҲĻԵʲô
ҲҪ׳ң
顭
ſгȥһһǹֻ޴Ӵȥ
ԭزǻԵׯʿһܰˣ
ɵӣ
䡭
޴Ӳܰ˲ûиоӲȵһִĸоǴӴǵ壬Ȼо𵴣˿˿ʹഫ
䡭
ײһ𣬲ҵս˲ŷ
һӡһǴӡͬһ׹䡣ȴһʮ۰壬ʮȭͷĺӡؽӡ˳ȥ
һӿиȴдһȣһȺз𣬽ǾסͬʱǺɫȼɫĻ棬Ǿҵİ
䣬壬壬֫ɡ
Ȼ˸޷ָܸĴţ겻סضʱЩׯʿҲˣʲôԵ
ȥ㲻Ҳܿȥ
ڴͬʱŵϺǱߵսҲֹˡĴӣȴ޷ִŵĲ̤
ͻȻīռѾֲָ
䡭
һȻ˲ֱӻԹȥǰһ޴ޱߵڿҫռҫһƬѩס
Ȼ󡭡
ǾͿˡ
ꡭ
ÿһζܰô󡭡
ѾǻˣǺ˲΢Сܰԣ죬̳Ͷŵϵ˵ͱĴӣǸɼرεĺˮˢ
㣡
ģ

һӿĲгֻ˲ʧȥ˱˴˵ӰڵĿռУķ
飡
оԼĺ󱳱ײ۵һһѪץȥоԼץסһ
ꡭ䡭
죬īա
˽ߵһ̳С
һª㣬Ҳ֪ʲô㣬ֻǿ˾޴һ㽫̳ĺҧˡ̳һĺСٴſ˾޿ڣܰҧ
䡭
޴һܰԺϣҵóӵףԷͬķ
ȻѾҪˣξ˲ϵϣڱڵĺˮвϵسܵĺڰо־壬Ǿ޴Ƶϣͬ޴ĴӲϵţоԼĹͷˣҵʹһϮоԼʱԡֻ£ԣǱɡ


182 ʱս
ؿڴһȻǿȴֱ͸ܹ꣬һֱѡͷȥԼǰǸεƣʱǸĹ֣ɢ΢Ĺâ
ꡭ䡭
ҫīգ޴壬͸ȻΧɱҺͰɡ
߿
һֻɫ·һֻ޴ĳбŻռ䣬ͬһɫľ޵ռ䶼ѳ˿˿϶·һµŮӣ趯һ޴ĺɫ
һڿɶܣӭǽɫĳһ˶ñֱͬǹһֻĸռ䶼ѡ
䡭
˫Ǻɫ̳ɵľ޶ܵס˾޵ĳ򣬺ɫǹ̽˾ĸǾһɽǾצץǸŮӣۿžҪǸŮץסȴǾһʹൽµİ
ǾɫĹƳ档֮䣬Ǿ㻯Ϊ˺ˮ
ŮȴȻͷȻķȻֵͷԼǰһƣƵһ֣ʱǸͷ΢Ĺâ
⡭
ŮӸоһȻķȥ
䡭
Ů趯źɫÿһһ壬ÿһ·ѸٵؽӽȻӽȻڱСȻУսڱС·ָ˷ɽԭģȻоԼƺڱ룬һأһʱա
졭ˡ
ꡭ
ˮ
ȻԼſڸĵϣ̧ͷضǰĶ棬Լһף·ʱ֮г롣
һ
һڰ
һ뱩ע
һġ
Ȼӵ̧ͷֻͷľСûۣϣůڡ
תͷֱ棬һĻ˿ռ䣬īֻƵըīҫһƬѩ
һߺŮӣվīɫռڣ̽ѰԼĿ·Խǧ£ֻ˵ʲôȻȫ
ꡭ
ȻΧһƬѩǲѩȻֽǸռ䣬ֻǸоΧĿռ飬·һ˺˻ƴһĿ֮ѺۡǶŮӣҲ·ƴһ˿˿Ѻۡ
ŮӵǸ
ʱնѣȻֻص˹ֻǿǸŮ˵ʲôȴҲ
ꡭ
ΧֱĿռ䣬ͬƴһ㡣ĶվǸŮӡȻ̿ڵ
ģǰ˭
񡭡ռòȶ·ȥδʱײҲ϶ơû
ʱٴΰ룬ȻѸƲǸŮӻе˼ʱѾΣգ˻ԵӿֻЩ嶼ӢңֻԼѪڡ
ꡭ
ʱٴƴӣȻ̿ڣƹȻڡ
ʱٴΰ룬ȻٴƴӣֻεѺ۸󣬿ռӵزȶŮӵһһָͷѺۣʮֹ졣ŮƺҲʶˣһָֻȻ˹
ȻһĸооʱŤ飬һָ·Խǧ꣬ǰϣԼԼŮӵ
Եɡ
·֮ڼžʧһеȻǰīм䣬Զۣ·ʱʣһ˲ꡭ
ɳɳ
紵Ҷɳɳ죬ǰīɫռʧ٣ûŮӣû˾޴İ͸塣
Ȼ̧ͷ۾һֺգů
ջĿ⣬ܴûܰԣûǹ⣬Ҳûֻ̳¼һˣɽɻֺߴûͷ
Ȼɫġܰԡǹ⡭
ܰһƬ֮УСϿա
ˡ
˶ߵĻ֮ϣһֻֻСԴ۷䣬ܰһҶȻͻȻҲûкˮ·𷽲žľһΡʪģǲΡֻǴԴ벻Ϊʲôˡȴ֪ԼڼΣ֮СһЩСԴ۷䷢֣Լˡ
оԼץŶͷһоһϲ
ʶ

̳ĴӦ̳Ĵɣ
СΪؽս˻ֿ˿ïܻ϶зӵ۷䣬ȻСΪطΪſأȻһһһȥҲ淽򣬵ţԼֻǳһܹ


183 
ʱһȥܰԽԽۣԽԽ崫һʹǱҵģʵѾˡ
ǣʱͣһͣоԼܹ˯ȥط˯ȥɡ
һһѵš
࡭
ӽͬŵæͣС̧ͷȥһûЩ۷
ȻʧЦ
۷ܹԼĶӽ
̫ôĶˣ
ʱֶַۣʹ
ԴһѣΡ
ҧһ⣬зѪҺζһһһǰȥ
֪ȥ˶ãǰһ󷢺ڣȴ۷ˡС̧ͷĿ֮ûлݣͷѾԼԶ
ӳˣ
࡭
ֽͬաַʹ
ǣ֪Լڲ˯ȥ
Ļ±һ˯ѣҪԵȻһ԰ȫĵطϢ
֪ôˣ
ҵøϽԵȥҶ㡣
ܰȻʲôҲûĿ˴ϡ򿪣ֽȥ
Ŀռ䲻һȦֻһľϻ
ľϻӴ˳һڿˮгԵģȻڴشľϻ
һ
һӣ
Ȼ㿴Ǹ滹֦ҶԴǼһЩ£Ȼɴ۾
ⲻǷӲݰɣ
֮ǰׯз飬ʹշĺ̳ݣ϶ǷӲݡ
࡭
ܰԵĶֽǼġеķӲݣ
ܳ԰ɣ
Ӧܳ԰ɣ
̧ͷܣҲȷʵҲʲôܳԵģ㽫ӲϵǶ仨ҲǸӲժ
ᣬǻǹʵ򲻻ôᡣǾȻһӵģܰԿоȻ¶һ˿̡
ʥϣ
ܰԲһţȻһѽǸ׽˼£һȥ
ર죬ûʲôоӣǾö
ǣһ˲䡣һůڸȻɢ̶֫˶·ȪڣůģҲûһ˿ҸоԼѸٵĻָڵİҲȥȬ
ܰԴ֪ͣӲһҩģҲ֪ҩֶĵȴû뵽Ӳûһ˿ãȻȫǺõЧ뵽Ϊֹĸо
ůģϲ֮¶ɢЦݣӵվǸ˻űһ򣬴ȥ
Ķ̵ҡҡͷһĪĴ꣬Ĺˣֻʣôһ̵
顭
ܰɫһ·ﲻϵغأǾ޴ڱܵ뵽ɽеľ޴һĽ䱸γĶ̵ȻͿһ޴Ķǣ߱ܶ
ԶԣǶѸٵؽӽǶǱԵԽӵľ޴һСɽ
ңң
ܰĬţôһͷǣڿٵıУܰҲˣֻܰǲȵͿˡ
ǡ
Ƕƫƫһ˫ֳ˷ܡ
໡
ǺһܰԱ˹ܰսеĶ̵죬˫Ŀ˸
·꣬ʤ
Ǿսɣ
ǵͷ̽죬ܰҧܰȣŶǵ֮˹ȥ㿪˶ǵĴ죬ȻȻһճеĶ̵Ŷǵʺ˹ȥ
ǵϰȻ̧һֻ޴צյܰԺ˹ȥ
ڰѾܰȭŭĿգһȭֻצӺ˹ȥ
䡭
ܰǽ׸ߵɨ˳ȥ˵ϣһ·ȻӵǶѾ׷˸ǰٴεͷ̽ܰҧ˹ܰٴǰ壬ڶǵĴ֮û𣬶ǳ˶ǵ֮䣬еĶ̵Ŷǵһ˹ȥ
͡
һգǶ̧ȶ˹ȥȻܰԲ˹ȥܰԵȵļȻһµɼ䣬ͬһ˳ȥ
飡
صʱǶǵĴצҲص̤˵ϡضһҵ𶯣ܰԾȻûվȣһһƨɶס
һ棬αһԷ˳ȥٴڵ棬һ˳ȥ
ԶһӰ̤Ÿ߸ߵĲݼͬϷɡһɮۣһŹͷüĿСɽĶˣɫһ̤ŲݼѸٵؽӽȻվһݼϣԶԶع


184 ܲ
䡭
ܰ˫ץأŭĿԲȭݺݵغͶǵľצײһǾ޴צӾȻ˻ȥȴڼ絹ˣֻץ˵棬
һŭĿգ
Ǵв޵ʡ
䡭
ܰԺǸǶûзǸУ߼һÿһײܰԵҵ𶯣˿˿ˣ漴㱻Ӳݸ
ܰԵԽԽоԼҪͻˡ
໡
ͻȻͣ׷һХȻܰһۣͷٴܰԣһڶȥ
ܰԵɫһ㣬ȻԽԽ񣬵к֪Լ򲻹ǣܲǣʱƣɡ
ǣΪʲôˣ
أ
ӹһٵܰԲô࣬תͷ෴ķȥס˽Ų˵ϵһӰѸٵ˹־һ
ǡ
һգȻͷԼļһֻץס˾ͷתͷ㿴һУץڲݼϷӣٶȿܰϵ·ͽϣ뿪ڣȴһڷ硣
ǴдüĿƺûж⡣ܰҲֹͣȻһǸзӵķȻȥķ
Ҫʲô
ѵжˣ
ҪǸǳԣ
ɫѾ谵һƬɫɹ
ɳɳɳ
ܰѾ˵ֿоеʵǿܹǸǣûɶΣաֻҲЩͿ֪ץԼʲô
ܰԵԸҲһô벻ףͲ룬ɴץӡ
һԲգҰһƬ֮ɫ
Ȼס˽ŲһֻͬڲݼϡҶҡڣŲҶҡڡ
ܰȴȻ۾Ŀо֮ɫ
̫ޣǣ
һ޴ޣʮʱЩ޶ʹУ泯һƵͱڡ»ͱ֮ϣֳһ޴ķӰǷӰһȦһȦɢŷ⣬ǷɨܰԵ壬ܰԶپԼľˮ
ҡ
΢΢΢΢𶯺ܿγһɣڷӲݵǱܽһ˳һ˿˿âܰԵɢڹۿӰĴһͷץеܰԡ
һ˿˿âϵشܰԵȻڼ̵ʱڹһӣͷӲϵǸһһӰӣܰ档
Ӳݣ
ǴвʧֿһͱϵķӰؽܰԷ˵ϣ
ǺûԵ
ʱܰѾӲݵĹâͷӰķ⽻ڣγһصܰʣĻһɹѶϢ
һµĹܰԲذǸʼתڵڵַӲݺͷ⽻ڶɵ֮Уӵ˳ȴָӵĺء
䡭
⾹ȻܰԿʼһεĴ壬ܰԵıһεõ˴һӵʱ䣬ܰԵͱһ飬ʱȻ󣬷ͷӲݽڵܰڵѾϵѨϽһε䣬ͬپһһ㡣
һпŅ̀ͷͱϵķӰһţȻ૵
λķӰӦǼλеһɣ
ͷܰԣû뵽СӾȻõ˻Ե
ȻóܰԴʱϢܲصϢҲ˵ܰõ˷ܲصĴС
Ǵ˷ӰϸϸܲأԺ׵ؾ͸Ӧ˷еķܲأһӦ˷̲ŶԷܲصĸǷǶԷܲظĽ
ˣҲܿ˸֮С
䡭
ܰԳ忪еһѨϣﵽһ硣
ԲµߣԽԽǿҲܰԺʹеĸԽԽߡЩҲضǵϣܹ֪ǵϢһ˿˿ǿ֮һ˿˿
һԲ죬Чﵽ˼¡
䡭
ܰԳ忪һѨϣﵽһ۷壬ʼѨϡ
Բ¿ʼ׹Ч۷忪ʼһ˿˿䡣
һƳ𣬾ֹͬĳʻЩ޶һתͷ˴кܰԣƽؿʼ
дһЦһץܰԣڲݼϼ˸һ޵ĺУʧ١
䡭
Щ޸ɢߣͱ֮ºָܿ˼ž
Ӱ̤Ųݼһƣ²Ҷ˿ҡһԵӲȻûдӲݼϵǽµĲҶȴǴȵҡ


185 
˶Ǵкܰԡ
ܰԴʱϤԼͻͽʵһҹѾﵽ۷塣ԺźֱݶһݺأԵúȴҲһκ֮С׸ߵڳϣͬһԵñׯϡ
ֱͱǰͣ˽ŲȵվڲݼϣͲҶͬΪһ塣ŲҶҡ΢΢ҡܰԵȴزһİڶڵûȫƿء
˵Ŀͱ£ϥһУƤⲻĿ顣
ϸϸͱеòдеıڻӡȻ̾һ
մȴʦ
մȴʦܰմȴʦʩһ
ֳο֮ɫҲմȴʦʩһ̾û뵽մȴʦڴˡ
ȻתͷܰԣͻԵ㲻ǳµķӲݣմȴʦ壬ҲֻǻԵúôȴ޷÷ܲأ޷ΪӲݵӰڣ̶Ϊ
㣡
Ե
ܰҲϸϸشմȴʦȻʵλʦôڴˣзӰʲô
մȴʦڴе伮أμӹɽĴսʧ١Ǹʱ
ڷӰմȴʦר޵һֹնҲ֮Լĸ򡣡
˵̧ͷ죺ÿԲ֮ҹʾ𼣣
ܰԵͷпܰԵԴ£Žʲô
ܰԣԻ
ȻԻʣǲ׺鰡ôûȥˣӦû⡣
ҡûҪչã
͵ͷȱԣзİ
ܰԴԴһҡҲŷԵ
ݸΪгδáԸĻش£÷ģ
ܰҡͷҪȥҶ㡣
㣿Ҳɽ
ţһ꣬ʧɢˡܰԵֳݡ
ֳһ˿ǣҲǳ꣬ͷʧɢ֪Ķ
ǡ𣿡ܰʮֵĶ㣬ɿʵ
֪ҡͷӦûˣʥӡ
ܰϵĽǸһʱ֮ʧ˷硣ԭͲһԸ⶯ԵˣʱвɻȻ
ģ
ܰԵĶУȴըףܰеĽĶǵʧеĽָ˳ֻûзǰ㼱ȡŽʩһ
ǰָ㡣
һȥҰɣ
лǰܰʩһ
ڷܲʲôģʱҡüĿ
лǰ
Уı̵
ǣҵĹˡ̵óġ
ҲգҾʹһŭĿյһŭĿȭɡ
лǰܰԵ¶Цݡ
üĿЦţŽ׸ߵܰԣԽϲеͷӼᶨ
ǲӳĵģ

ҹδʱϥԼķڣ׼ʼ
ʶڵľűϻۣһӰڱϣҲֻһ͸ӰȻϵӰۣӰϿʼһ˿˿ƣһ˿˿ƿٵعʼֳһơ
ǳܼ򵥵ķƣֻǹķƣЩķƻᱣ֤ķֻҪЩķƲһ˿ķͻһͻ׷ѣΪù
Ĳʲôеʿûһγɹģڲϵظϵһӽɹչɵķ
ҹδ뾫ѾﵽĶأҲռظ˼ٴΣ
ûռ䣬ҹδÿ쳢һΣͻķѽʱ䣬ܹοЩոմﵽһһصʿ
ֻҪ콾κķ꣬ʮ꣬һӶ벻ʿȱȽǡ
ҹδ벻ҪΪռѾʮ۶ڷƻǷİ壬к⣬ʮ˳
ǡ
ҹδһ㣬Ǿʱ䡣
ռڵʱǾֹģԶڳɹһηҪʱǶ٣ûһ׼ȷĸĿɲͨķķͼ
ֹˣķͼռˣ˲֪١
ԣĵʱЩˡ
ʶĶأӵзڼľǾһؾ͹ȥ


186 䶯
õϢ
ΧںȲ裬ɫЩÿǿԼ˵ǱҹδݺݵĴ
֮ǰԼжƲҹδ룬ֶ༥ҹδ룬ֶǳҹδ룬ҹδĳ̶Ⱦжء
ȻһƲͼҹδ룬ǿںǳȴֻһˡڿװɵ·ԼδƲͼҹδ롣
ͱڣǼڸʱûǿڵķڽ飬ǸʴһͿҹδ벻ģϲ
Һ˵ҹʦȻСһվһӾͿ䲻СС;һʦȡ
Ҳ
ҹۣ
һ˸
һССķʦ͸ңҼΪšֻɨһķķҲ޷޸ɣ
˵ͷһڿڵѵҹ޸ˣ
žʴһĴȣɫ˷ܵû˵ûҹʦ޸ô򵥣ķһ㣡

ôܣһ˵ķڷ׷׾ȡ
ôܣʴһɵɫİ壬ʦĴУҹȫѿšֻҪҹδһڣɹδڣʦ۷壬ڼĴҲҹۿš
ҹ۶󣿡
ʮꡣ
˻Ůֲ˹
ȥˣ뵱ʱʴϵıӺͼҪˣʱȴһʿĸͺ̾ӿŭڵһվ߳ϢŴȥߵſڣ˺Цڵɫһ䣬еŭȫϡ֪һʴｫǳҹδ˵˳ҲﶺϢ˳ȥ
̧ͷ۾գص³һ·ҪеŭйֻеŭȴԽʢ
ٲԼĶȥ·ȴ˴ҴǿɫЩΣǿһ˿Цݵ
ִ£³壿
ǿͷŲֻͣɫЩҹûȥֵȥ
ɫһǸֳһ˿Цݣвɿҹδ룬ǽˣԼһ˲ˣֻҪҪˣǺǣŲǿ
Ҳ˼ž칹ڱչأ
ǿɫһ˼ŵѾܹ޸һƷʦķˣ˵ľ絽ˡ˵ڹ
ɫɴ㵣һ˿ǿǡ
˵ҹ۹ţ
ողŴﵽһƷʦľ磬͹
ʶһһ
Ǻǡ
û˵΢Цŵͷ͵ȥҹδץһʣڹǽˣԼǸ콾ˣ콾ӦֻΪԿ޸ˣǸʱٿǿɫźÿأ
ʱٲҹδ뼸ţһӾҹδƷܻˡ
ҹδ⣬һӣд֣
չأ
ǿüͷһֳϲɫڹ
ڷһۣչؾڹ
ͲԼʶﵽһһأ
Ͳѧϰ
Ͳ˯帣
ִ£ڣ
ʱмʿ·ǿڣ׷׿ڴклֳ֮̽ɫվʲô
ʣھЦе˵ҹʦ湹Һִ¹

ʿɫһ㣬Ϊ֮ǰ飬ڵķʦҹδ붼İ֪ҹδûм죬ʱֻһƷʦȴ޸һƷԭǶƷ۷壬ͻƵһƷˡ
ǡ
Ϳʼˣ
ѵʶѾһһˣ
̫ðʧ˰ɣ
һʧܣʶǻˣӰδǰ;
⡭ҹʦ̫ðʧ𣿡һʦɿڡ
ǿɫҲһ䣬տʼֻΪҹδˣʱȴΣա
ҹδ׼
ôæع
һӽü֮Ҳ˽ǡ
һԵҲɫһаҹ۲ǽˣڹǸʦԣ̫ˣʧܵĿԷǳ󰡡
κһʦ콾ڹʱҲǴ£֮Ҫܶ׼ҹ˵͹
ʧˡ
ǡ̫ˣ
ٺ١
ҹδ벻֪һУ֪Ϣһٶȴȥܿٶˡ


187 һķ
ҹδȻõʱûм죬ֳȴǼΪĿ
޸ٶȹڸͬʦ޸һܡ
ļ£ǷʦĴ£ǰδС
ԣѾΪ˷ʦϾ̸ʣġҹδҪˣǿˣҹδķ⣬һһߵ̸ۣһߵȴҹδء
ȻЩ˵ĽģҲмʵģϣҹδɹģҲϣҹδʧܵġ
ԣ
ˡ
ҹδʶڣһɣⶼżȴķƣЩƺķʱ;һƣʶڵķȶˣˡ
̶ȵķǳܲ˶Ĵ
ԣ̶ȵķǼܼʶսģʶڣÿ룬עøӼ̡ͬʱҲʼµķƣķ
ڷϹķƶǷʦģӴ˿ʼҹδҪȥѧϰʦķƣȻѡѡʺԼķƣʼ룬Щӡڷϣ÷
Ȼҹδ벻ҪȥѡֻǰͰСΪռѾٴΣھͷ·ڷϻһĻȻÿͿˣռϰ˼ٱĵڶƺ͵һͿˡ
ҹδûۣü֮ȴǸϲá
ɹ֮̾͸оԼľøˡ
ЧЧǿ
ֲ˵һʦĸ
ͬʱһָоԼĵľָ֮󣬱Լʶʼصʱ
ָоʮǿң
һԼʶɵһ
Լһһصľ磬ʶӵеľԲɹһ붼벻
ʵĵȼ̫ˣֱռˣ
Ҫľ̫ˣ
ҲҹδľﵽĶأκһҪʧܡ
ֲͼڼûоռ֮ǰҲܾúܾû˹ɹ

ҹδָӦһ£Щʧ
ľģҹδ֮ǰģҪÿ칤ÿҪĵľ
ʱûʡˣ
ÿ컹ҪһȻռգΪҺ徫ռ䣬ⶼΪϰߣԼĵƣɱȵҩöˡ

ҹδ³һȻ㿪ʼ칤
һСʱĵľûȫָҹδ۾һ£ռڴľҪָܹ
˵ﵽķʦʼڷڹ˱˲
ƷߵķķʦǿԹʮʦķġƷ͵ģҲܹҪݻƷԽߣɵķԽࡣ
Ȼֻܹɼŷķʦδĸ߶ҲʮޡҲһˣһʵ͵ķڡԣ֮ʵҲž޴Ĳġ
ǣҹδĲһ
˵ΣǲòʼΪǵľβԼһΣǲҪͶأҪѧϰʦķֻˣܹ
ҹδ벻ҪľѾﵽĶأҺܿͻﵽءһռڣѾϤķƹķȲƣǼһֱﵽԼܹﵽޣٿʼڵķ
ǡ
ҹδͻȻһԼľѾﵽĶ˰ԼÿĵľԽԽ࣬ҲӦʣ࣬Ҽǵ˺ûʣ࣬Լǻռڴľ
ԼÿԹ͹󰡣
ȥڿԼķܹɶٷ
ҹδʶ뵽ڣȻһ
⡭
ǶķֱռķĿռҲ̫˰ɣ
ֹܹʮ
ٸ

ǧҲûⰡ
ҪҵĽ
ҹδ˳˷۾°Ͷ
ǧ
ǲôģ̫˷ʱ䣬ҹôҲûðһЩʦεķͷôһ¶Լеû
Ǿ͹һٸɣԺÿһ㶼ֻһٸѾ㹻ˡ
ѾˣԱΪԱƷߣȻʹ


188 
ҹδĸ࣬ΪʲôƷ͵ıʿûǰ;ΪƷ͵ıͳܲסƷõķһƷ͵ı֮ϣһ΢ƷߵķǸͻֱӱѹñԣƷ͵ıҲֻܹƷ͵ķ̫͵ı޷ܷѾޡ
ʵϣʿӹһδѾעˡ
˾ڴӱչص״̬˳ȻľȻܹЩʿֻһ֪Щôģ
΢΢һüͷñ֪ԼѾˣһʦʵ̫ˡǣԼֻҪһȥǿضԼǷԼȻҪ˵ǣ˱ضҪԼ¶Ϣȷ
¶Ϣ
þȥЩʦϵʿͻ֪
ǣҹδѾ˰ҷԱΪģ᲻¶ϢǷϢ
ҹδ볢þȥ
Ȼ¶ϢǷϢ
ҹδһգмλʿǸ֪ϢȻʼ˼һĿһʼԹͨռ䣬ռ䲻ҪԼһı
Ҳ֪ռܲյ㿪ʼܿһŴ㱻ɣȻ󡭡
ಡ
ͱռˣռڻΪҺ徫ҹδһСʱˡ
ûа취˰ѵ¶ԼѾˣ
У
һʿһǾ콾кܶ಻Ҫ鷳
ľַش֮
ôռ䣿
ҹδһʼȡΧռ֯һӡⲻһȫһþ֯һӣ볢һ£ܲܽռһ¡
Ҳףʱҹδű֯һԼӣ棬Ȼֿʼ
ɵʱҹδŵǸ顣
Ȼ󡭡
Ǹֱսȥˡ
ֱ
ҹδץһˤˣطŻϡȻ°Ͷʼ롣취鷳ܴ
ţ
ҹδɫͻȻһǿԼȥģڷʱӦúͱɣ
֮ԹڱϣԱΪΪƽʱվʱ򣬻ὫľսʶȻɴľظʶڹÿξľһһ뷵ʶһ뾫ҹδ뼴ûڹҲشȻ̶΢ڳ֮ں㡣
Ǽʱ򣬷ͱҪġ
ʿ˵𻵣ڼսбȻʿ˺Ҳܴʿ䣬Ƿǿ¹룬ͷġֻǺܳһʱҪڵ侳С
ǱһȻʿ֮ءԱǲܼʶģֻܹʶ֮Сһʿǵ侳磬ʶܵشõĽΪ䣬ҺѻָԭеʵĽֱˡ
ǣȻͱܹ룬͸ҹδᡣ
һͱ룬ڱϡҹδþȻֻ¶Ϣ
̫ˣ
ҹδ˷ܵһЩ㱡
Ϊڹֱֹ֮֯ռ䣬ʱľ߰˰ˡ
˵أŷȥҪЩʿ
ܶˣ˶ٸվȺУǸֳЦ
ҹδڹôʱˣӦáһʧˡ
Ǻǡ
뿴ʧܵҹδô
֨ѽ
ɫһĿſڣŴ򿪣ɫ԰׵ҹδſڡɫ԰ֽҹδ룬иӡ
ģҹۻڹ򲻻˴ġ
ǵ󰡣
˵ո˵
ǿģһʧˣضǣ
뵽ҹδ빹ʧˣڵһһֱƵ˲࣬鿪ʼҲ¶˺Цݣǰһӭҹδ롣
ҹʦڹ𣿿ǾȱԪҪĻҿһš
ҹδҡҡͷڵϾֳǡľȣ
Ҫǹɹˣ
ȫ˵÷Ƕôϣҹδ빹ʧܰҿҹδģʧ˰۹


189 
ʱպأٵ˶֪ͣοڰοҹδ롣Ϊҹδǲ԰ֽݣԾʧ˰
ţɹˣҹδ΢Ц
ɡˣ
ڸоһϣ˶ЩɵˡȫĲš
ôܣ
ǸոաҲɣųΪһƷʦʶһһ
Ȼ󡭡
͹ɹˣ
ڸоԼܵ˱
ҹδ뿴ľګģʼ磺Ȼأ
ʹ߹ٺǿǰδڣǿһץס󣬵۾ʵ
Ĺˣ
ţҹδͷ
ĳɹˣǿʵСȻҹδ˵ɹˣڻǺ´ҹδĿõϢ
ţЩľ
ٺһ϶ֳ֮ɫʮĴʦҿɫĵľǲ٣ıӦúǿɣ
ʱǿǲģ㹹ıʲô⺢ӣڹ֮ǰΪʲôһ£
֪֪һƷ͵ı޶δķչһƷߵıʧܵΣա
Ŷ
Ѿɹˡ
ֳ֮ɫ㲻ṹһ򵥵ıɣ㹹ʲô
ˣ
ֱͷһ±Ϣҿ
ҹδ뿴ǿһֱ˵Ͳ廰Ļᣬвɸжǿ˵ֱ꣬Ӿһ˿Ϣй¶˳
һա
˻
ٵ˲һͬʱҲʧ˽֮ɫصͷ
ǿ󡣡
ǿʱ϶Ц˻ǶıҹۣͺúϢȥ޸ˡ
ллִ¡
ˣǿοҹδļ򣺡ϢˣȥһƷʦĿͨˣȻר޸һƷ
ãҹδ԰׵ҲЦݡ
ҹۣٴʱҲЦݵҹδѾһֻҪڣͨһƷʦĿˣڵķڴоȫѿš
л
ˣ޸Ǹĸһ£ִ£ûӦĹ׵㡣
ҹδڳϱֳһ˿ãôԸ⣿
һԵǿһҪ֪ʱĴսҵĹͷĴѵ쾭ȹ˳ҹδܾᱻɿڵ
ҹۣ
ҹδɫһ㣬󿴵˵ɫ㷴Ӧ˹æ͵
ǣܲܲҪ׵㣬ֱӻǸܷŻݣٺ١
ɫһҲҹδЦˣһǵһҺҽ۵ģҸ㣬УֱӸ㻻ǲŻݣзõĹء
ǡҹδ뻹ȡʵҪķ̫ˣҸĿɲǼ֣ܶࡣ
ŶһҲȤˣ٣һ֣Żݡ
ֹ
ҹδ뼱æӴȡ屾ӣⶼҹδڴʱ򣬻ܵĸȻǷʦ𣬵ҲǺüǧС˫ֵݸٵ
㿴
ô࣡
ɫһӹ㿪ʼԽɫԽ𾪣ͬʱǿҲٵиȡһҲȡһȴǼ͸ţһʦܹô
ǿſţɫͱˣ粻𾪣ĽҲмʡ
ʱǿȴЦݣҹǿ鱦
žٺ˲ӣοҹδҪʲô
ڲ˹㺮ͻ

ٲɴһӣȻ֪ҹδҪʲôֻ룬Ҳûʲôҹδᵽ˹㺮֪ҹδҪԵķ룬Ͼͺˡ
ҪԵķɣ
ţҹδͷ
þɨһӣ֪ܹжٸķˡһµ
ֻǷʦĸȻܹһɱܣǼ̫͡һָҲֻܹ룬ԲϺܹ󣬶һҪ̷ơѾǸŻˡ
ǵģҹδæڵĸֻ޸ȷʵֻܹһܡȫҸķµķܹɡ
ģҹδ϶صͷȻռġ
ԺͽʿַսкܴԾҲܹıһЩս֡


190 ã
ÿָö
ҲҪ̻Լֻ̻Ҫӡ
ҹδֵֻҪϡ
ٵͷҹδ룬ΪʦȻϣԼķԼơ
ȰƵķƵȼ̫ˣҿôڰƣķܱԼƵʵ𡣡
ҹδҡͷ˵ǣǴڿƵķƣڵľʹĻǳδܹʹٷ롣
˵Ҳǣٵͷ΢΢ü⻹һ⡣
ԼȿƣʱĨȥ¿ơ
ҲգٳƬ̵ÿʮöҸոʮ롣
лҹδϲ
ҹδļͻƴʦ˴ʦķһķࡣ
ǣס
ɢȥҹδصԼķ䣬ͷ˯
ʱ䣬ҹδͨһƷʦĿˣΪһһƷʦȻȥͱõ˼˵ϢԼϢ
ʼ˽ŵ֮С
ÿĸʱ޸ֻ޸һƷٶɼ죬ͬݵķʦ̾
ÿһηһ칤һȻռȥҺľΪáҲһε쾭Ҫʱ̵ģΪֻҪ־Ĵûʣֲܿ
Ѿ罣ˣΪ㺮
㺮ĳʼ׶ξǽʽӽܣͬ»кأ˵ĸо޷ӣ಻
տʼʱҹδÿĿİǽ˳޷ӻúԶ͸˵಻ˡ
ڻҹδʱ£뻹û͹ءʮö벻ôƳġ
ȻѾʼѧϰƷʦķˣù׵㣬ȫѡ
ҹδԼĴͳڲѡһַȻʼռϰռڵʱǾֹģҹδҲԼԼÿҲֻϰַ˶ʮܹѧᲢʮӦһַ㣬Լʣʱ䣬Աÿڷڹ
ҹδ룬˼ףӷ壬Ⱥͳ޲ˡ
ͨͱϵԣȷһʱ䣬ӪصһҾ¥Ҫһ䡣Ȼֻǲ˲ʮ죬˵ʶһЩ仯
ҹδʱøӳȣ͸¶һ˿ʦȣϾѾصľˡ

ǰľˡ
˼ףӷ϶һЩ뺷ɱĸμսÿ˵ϻЩ˺ۡ޲üһ˿ƣչ˵ҩ԰ܶ࣬ÿʮæµ
ҹۣҵȥķ𣿡޲ȿڵ
ûУҹδҡͷȥͱΣѾû˴ӡҲ˿ȥĺۼʲô֣
ʲô֣޲ƣÿ춼æˡҪչҩ԰һҪժҩ͵Ҫʱ䡣
ҲҡͷÿսսҹۣҷʵǷ˺ܴı仯Щ㶼ʲô
ʲôÿĸʱ޸Ȼѧϰʱ˽Χ״Ѱһȥķ
˶ͷȻֹͬһͬ㣬æµǳæµ
ǲȥϣãȻ֪ⳡսʤȴ֪ԼǷܹһ졣
ã
Լÿµ³һһΣ˴˽ԵϢϣܹҵȥĺۼ
ת¹ȥҹδƽΪʦûлȥսÿ޸Ҳÿ쿴ԼĽ
Ϊͣͨڣûа취ûкĹÿʮһƷٶȣѾƷʦѾ˹䣬ȥ˴ʦĹ䣬޸ҲǴʦ޸ʦõĹ׵Ƿʦʮҹδ޸һƷʦֻܹĸ׵㣬ÿ޸һƷʦܹʮ׵㡣
Ѿʮ๱׵㣬һ׵㶼ûлЩ˶֪ˣҹδ뾹ȻڻԵɺ֮ǳǺܿɱǣûкֻܹͣͨڣҹδ뽫ϣǸڻռȪǸȪҹδ뻹Ƿǳϣ뵽ڡ
µʱ䣬ҹδָ˺ܶʦķҲϽ˷áʦķֵǷʦķܹġͨЩϽĸҹδֻʮö룬Ѿﵽʮö


191 ֲ
ҹδ־ٶȺ͸õ˷õļӡõ˷ɽͳ˧ӡŵҹδ룬ֻҪȪҹδĹ׵ܵʮ㣬͸ҹδȪһ
ԣҹδǷ޸ܹ׵㡣
µʱ䣬Ҳ˺ܶϢûҵȥ·ǺսսУһǶ岻ľУʿǰŽᣬȻҲŷ磬ıǴϻŽΪ
رǺͷĹϵѾǷʦѧͽĹϵȻƺҹδΪʦ֮Ѿͬáڲҹδ빤ϵ֣ᵽҹδļҹδסһչҹδӣҹδҲ˽ĵشڸϵͳķ֪ʶ
֪ʶĴУҹδͨռĸټԼڷһϵдС
ʣһϵдǸʱǴµģܹ÷ʦߵøԶһµĵ·
ҹδ˸мһһжԷִ
Ϧء
˵Ӱббӡڵϣҹδͷƶ档
˵϶һ˿ƣ޸ĸʱķҹδľ㹻ȴ̾Ϣ
ʲôʱܹȪ
ʦɫЩ˷ܣЩ
ţôˣ
빹ڴҹδ롣
ҹδͷѾһһˣӦÿԹˡ빹ʲô
빹Сؿҹδ롣
ҹδ벻üͷһ壺ǿǶ
ҡҲҵľһܵĹ׵㣬һԪ񵤵ˡ
ҹδ΢΢üͷ˼һֵѻңȿҲȲҪȥԪ񵤡
ǣ
ȥʳó˷ȻصҹδԺӣҹδ˲裬ŻصԼķ䡣
ҹδϥڴϣ뵽ʶۿԼķ
ʱķҪǰ࣬ϵķҲӺࡣͨ²ϵĹ룬бԷķڴﵽ˴ʦ𡣶𣬷Ӧ÷ֲˡ
ĳʼֻһ㣬ȴҪʼֳ㡣һװŷʦķڶװŴʦķ
죬ҹδ׼ֲ㡣
һʶ뵽ʶ֮ڡ
ʶƮűϴŷڷϷƮռ䡣ŵǹ⣬ͬǺһ㣬Χŷתʮö롣
ʮö룬ҹδ뻹ûпϷƣֻǴķ롣ҹδսʶþ
ʱԽãԽָܹʹһ̶ȣͻ൱ҹδľֻҪҹδ룬ͻᰴ뷢
ΪʲôûпƷƣΪԭѾ΢СˣҹδڿϷƣȵʦƷܹõķƣҪϵķĨȥ¿ơÿһĨȥƣʹСһЩ˼֮ҲͱĨûˡԣҹδ׼Լķˮƽﵽ֮ٸԼķƷơ
ûзƣҲܹսֻûзƵļӳɰˡ
Ҽù룬ΪǱԲϴ죬Ҳӵűܡ
ٶҹδ뵽˷֮ڡ
̧ͷȥƮһŷһŷǾɣϿջͬǳԡ
ֻҪҹδ뾫ᴥĳŷͻ˲ŷ̲صĵ
ҹδ⣬ҲܺãϾԼȱķʦ๹һʱõʱѡҲȱķʦࡣ
ҹδлŷʶڿʼ롣
ˡ
ŷۣʼ΢΢𶯣ڷڿʼһĤɣȻһĤ񣬱ò͸ü̡
һʱ
ʱ
ʱ

ʱ˷ֲ㣬ԭֻһ˫
ҹδ˵һ㣬оռ䲢ûбСǿտҲֻϿƮһŷ
ûͨڶ¥ݣǸյĿռ䡣
ǵԿռŵĸо
һ˷ĵڶ㡣
ڶĿռ͵һֻ࣬ǱȵһоӵĵͿռţΪڶ㶼տҲһŹķûС
ɣǽ뵽֮ͬʱڷڶ㹹һŴʦķ
ҹδ˳ʶ۾оһ£Լʶвʣ࣬ȡǸ̽뾫ʼۿȻ뵽ռ䡣


192 
Ȼռ佫ıˣȻҹδռϰȻǶǺҹδԼı˺ܶ࣬Լıǵڣкܶطȫ򡣵Ƕܹرڼʮεϰ֮Ѿ
ռڳҹδȡһհ򣬽ĻͽȥֽԼڻϸؽע͡ʼ칤
ա
һĹ֮ڻؼҵ·ϣҹδ뽫һݸ˷
ҸĻҶԱúϰ׼ˣһҪңҪԼΪĻľӦòһ׼һЩ侫Ķ
лʦ۾ˣJJġ
ҹδķļ򣺡ԼȥʳóԷɣҽиСۡ
ǣʦÿģ
ҹδڰȥ
ϵطҹδֻ߽г޲ˡҹδ룬޲վ¶Ľ֮ɫ
ҹۣȥˡ
ң
ҹδ£ų޲⼸£ҹδΪ˻ܹ׵æµʣʱ䣬ҪڷԶԼΣǲ֪
㲻֪޲ȡ
֪ʲô
ҹ۰޲˷ܵ޸죬µʱ䣬һƷʦԾƷʦʷķʦ
⻹ҪģҪǣ޸ķܹһܡҵѾǧ䡣
֪ڶ˵ʲô𣿡
˵ʲô
˵ҹʵδһΪһҹۣۣ֮
⡭ҹδ뱻öЩ˼̫˰ɣ
һ޲ҡͷǱ߶֪ˡ
ô֪ҹδ뾪ȡ
Ϊ޸ıһɣЩǰߵʿʵͻȻ֮ȻǾ֪ඡ
ҹۣĳˣ
⡭ҹδǲ֪Լ˵ʲôãҲ裬֪᲻ɱԼ
ֲʧЦԼȵҲһʦֵע
֨ѽ
űƿҹδͳ޼ȥɫһ䡣ֻ˼׺ͺӷ壬ûȡ˵ɫá
أ޲ʵôˣɫ˲ã
˼һ˿Цݣӷ̾Ϣһˡ
ˣ
ҹδͳ޲һĬҲûôģͲʣ϶Ǻսġ
ҹδв磬ôãҲûҵϢҲ֪ûʱ
ж㣬᲻ɽ
֪ڵΣ

˶ɫһһٶȽӽ˻ȻվΪǶ֪Ǽ֮ӡ
һط˴£Ҫټеʿ켯֮ӡ̫ˣԼ֮Ӳһɸ鲼ءһͻԼصļ֮ӣһȦһȦɢȷڵÿ˶ܹˣٶȻصԼķá
д·ˡ˼ɫֳźǡ
ߣӷȥ˺ܿߵ˴ſڣ໥һۣͬ
أ
ȻͷԼķ񱼶ȥ
ҹδص˷ãõԺѾվˣǷõķʦʱһվ̨ϡ
ҹδĿɨӣҵ˷Ӱ㼷˹ȥ
ʲô¶
һ̨ϵ٣Ȼѹۣٽɽѹǳ󣬿ҪزסˡҪܶǰԮ
Ҷˣʱվ̨ϵٿˣ˵Ŀⶼٵϣ
ɽǰδеĴսݷܿ巢һս
ɽʧһʧȥɽһƽͻӵΣӡԣԲʧȥɽ
˵һս
ɽҪʿҲҪǷʦ
һսʦҲ˵ϵķʦҪ뵽սСֵķʦվұ˾ͽ
ŵ˾ͽȺ߳վұߡ
ٿٵܿһǧʦվұߡٴοڵ
ǽսУһ
ǣһǧʦӦ


193 ɽ
ĵڶϵʿǰɽƷ޸ֵĵվá͹
ŵ
ͮ
ŵ


ҹۣ
ŵ
ҹδȺ֪߳һԼִսҪ޸ķضࡣԼس޸ٶȣʱôûԼ
꣬ٺȵڻȥ׼ӺＯϡ
˴Ҵɢȥȥ׼һСҹδûжΪʱ׼ֻȥҲʱ׼ܹصԼǸʱһжԼĴСһ׼ķʦв٣Ҳصԭء
ҲڣΪҹδĸʱҲûлȥվҹδߣɫЩš
ýţҹδοں󷽡
֪һɽᡭ
ᣡҹδᶨ˵ʤһ壬ң
ҹδͷȻͣٵʿ磬ɿһҹδ룬Ŀг͡
ӵʱܿȥϵ˶Ѿ
λԼһŷҹδĿһǷĵȼߣڲʲôŷȥ
ҹδԼĽȥԼĽ˰ơ
ԼĽ£ƬڼٵطԼ֧ÿ˵Ľ£˰ơȻſȥɽķٷȥ
氡
ҹδ뿴Žºİƣӭļ硣
Ҳʦɣ

棬֮ϵʿ׷׸Լͷһ֣Ȼϥڰ֮ϣʼϢΪ֪һɽûʱԼϢͶ뵽ս֮С
ҹδҲԼͷһϥ˰֮ϣʼ칤
ƵٶȺܿ죬Լʱʱ䣬㿪ʼ·䡣˫˵棬ں
Ǹõģ
ã
սʦ
޸ʦ
ҹδ첽һȥһߣһ߿ٵشܡ
һɽ£ɽغϳ֣ǾɽȻʱΪɽ£ɽǱߵ״ȴܹɽǱߴɱײͷĺĲҽ
Χ˶ڿܣʮæµҹδһЩҵĸо
жһѪȵζͽŵա
飡֮ǰǸÿʦԼƷȥҷ䣬ʼ޸
ҹδĿѸɨǰһſͷ׵¶칤̨ÿ̨һˣӣдŷʦĵȼ
ҹδŷѸٵسһŴʦӵĿչ̨̨ҹδ룬رӿһʿЩʿԡѪеϻűе˿ڶûаÿж𻵵ķЩʿֻʿ޵ֻʱڣҪˣҪ޸ҪָȻһɱս
˵ȥǱˣиںѾ˻ơ
еŵõķȥеȴû뿪ΪƲأҪ޸еԼŵҩһ߳µҩˣһߵȺ޸
ѪȵζŨصĺˮζһڿƮ
ҵԱһԼǰĶ飬֪Լ޸һܹһʿ̽뵽ϢָһߴӴȡֹߣһ߶Էȵ
죡
ǣʦ
Ѹٵ׼һУȻʼһʿķͿĨ֭ʱŶӵʿҹδһѾͷвֳԥ֮ɫ
ֿսУҪԲԶôһѾͷܹ޸ñ
еʿѾĴʦǰŶӡ
ҹδûʱ;ȥעѾӹ˷ݹķĿһɨ㿪ʼ޸øķʽʼ޸Ὣһɡ
վڹ̨Ǹʿҹδ޸ķƣɫһ䣺޸ˣ᲻ᡭ
죡ͷҲ̧ڸڶʿķͿĨֱ֭Ӻǳʦҹۣ޸ķܹһܣ
ҹҹۣ
ǸʿȻ˰˶ȣҹ۵Ƿľ콾ܹ޸ķһɵܡҾ˵޸ٶȼ죬˵ҹ۵ȥˡ
һɤӣΧܶˡ
ҹۣ
ҹҲˣ
Ķ
ĸ
Ӧһ곤İɣ
᲻Ǹӵģ
׳հҹŮģҿǸ̫̫
˵ҹһŮӣ
ڿЦ

쿴Ǳߡ


194 һ
˷ҹδ룬ҹδ޸ٶȡ
òɣ
̫˰ɣ
ûŮأӦòǡ
㿴ٷǳ찡

һ
ʱҹδѾ޸һֽӹ˷ݹķĿһɨ
Ϥķ
̿ʼ޸ǸʿԼ޸õķ뿪˼ע
䡭
һڿգǸʿϲУһɣһɡ
䡭
Χʿˣҹδߵʿһϲ̡

ԱߵĶоܹܶʿҹδŶӡ֮ǰЩҹδ룬뿪ߣȥĶŶӵʿһɥкڲ
û뿪߶ʿһ֮ǰ뿪ʿüë
ţ󰡣
ôֻˣ
жа㿴ңһҹʦ͸оҹʦһֶеʣңҾ϶ҹʦ
ޣɫѿǸһڣǸҲΪ⣬ĹЦ
͡
ҹδţרĵ޸ٶȻҪ֮ǰ죬Դ֮ٶȾһʵķԾȵֲ֮ٶһʵķԾƿ΢֮֡
ͨ˷ԭԼҪһӵʱ޸һһӵʱ䣬ܹ޸
̤̤̤
мٵĽŲһʿһƿҹδĹ̨ϵ
Ԫ񵤣
Ȼһ̨Ԫ񵤣ʦڲ侫
һ졣
졣
޸ҹδʶڵľؿʼݽߣҹδһ۹̨ϵǸƿһ˿ԥ
ԪǺöܹѸٻָĵľǵҩеʻڣʳʿδӰ졣
Ȳðɡ
ҹδռڵһҺ徫Ѹٵزģֿʼ˸ٵ޸֮СʿһһĳȲ̡ѪȵζŨǵڶֻʿɽˡ
ͨ
еһʿͻȻԵڵϣʿæº
ʦ֣ʦ֡
ʿԼƹƲ㣬ΪԼƲأʳԼĵҩܹȬ㼱޸
ȴû뵽ڵǱڣͻȻˣ˾˼Σ֮С
ʲôϽȥʦǱ߰˼æ
ҹδ̧ͷһۣǸʿؽҧɫ԰ֽ΢״ȥʦǱߵӪˡ
̧

ʲô̧ҹδһ߼޸һߺȵʼīˡ
ŶŶ
æǸԵʿ̧˹ҹδ뾫ǸʿһɨѸٴӴȡԼ˷ֲͣ޸ַһģ㽫˷Ǹʿͷš
һӨӨ׹ǸʿǸʿϵ˿ۿɼٶֺϣ԰ֽҲһ˿Ρ
棡
˷ɣ
˷Чðûôõ˷
ˣˣ
ǸԵķʦ۾Ŀ⻹ЩãȻʱһͷϴ
ߣˡ
ŶŶ
˼æǸʿᵽһߣҹδ̧ͷһվԼǰΪ޸ǸʿϵƲأҲǶʱܹģȡһ˷ϡһӨӨ׹ǸʿϣǸʿֻůͬȪһ㣬ϵڿٵȬɴϲҹδʩһ
лҹۣ
ҹδͷҲֶ̧ͣһʣһƣ
һ
̽еķҹδǰͿĨһҹδӹüͷһ¡
ʶһμַ
Ǿͽռ䡣
ռڣҹδһ޸Ǹ֮󣬱ռڳ˶ǸʿһۣǸʿһεؿԼҹδ뿴ϱ¶ֺõЦݣȻһԼ߹ǵ˺ۡ
ҹδоͲ̾ϢһǴǰģ޸ʿôܲˣ
ˣܹ
ֻذˣ
Ŀ˶ĺ棬һҵģÿ˶ˣеƺأһƣ´ֻʱЩƲصʿҲضսĿԼ͡
ž
ҹδʱﻹ˵˷̸ǰǸʦͷһ˷Ȼ޸


195 
ллҹۣллҹۣ
ž
͡
ҹδÿ޸һǸʿͷһ˷ڵ˷ٵؼ١ҹδ뿪ʼԽԽԼʶķϾֻһƷʦ޸ķܶƷһµġ
ҹδ뿪ʼƵؽ뵽ռ䣬ǣķҲʼڷٵ
ƷѾѧʮ˸ƷѧʮƷѧ˰˸ƷѧʮһƷѧ˶ʮ߸
һƷͬĴʦ޸ѧķԽԽࡣ
ȥҪֽͷīҹδ޸ͷ˷ȴִû˷ˣΧʿȵ
ȥΧʦͺ֭ΪͣηʿһѾӱܣһߺ
ҹδֶͣ޸űľȴЩˣͷʼδεĺ顣
ĵĲûпڴ治˶ֻЩѨڴһЩʮѨڴܺͣҲһڴ̫ࡣǵһա
ĵľѾҪեɣĲϢָܹģǾ͵Ϣָ
һʿҹδ룬жҹδܱߵĲٷʦֹϢһˣҹδѾˡ
Ƕôǿ
ˣ
Ǹʿźһֽзī˻˹̨ϡ
ʿؿҹδ̵ֳֿ޸÷ʿʼ˷ֶֻٶȼ죬ʮֵ˷һʣʱʼһ˷ŶǸʿȥͷţһɰ׹ǸʿϣǸʿöɽһ
ҹδż뵽ռ䣬Ϊµķƣˮһӿҹδȴǳϲá
ϲòԶЩʿİѧһƷѾһƷʦˡ
ڳ
飡
ҹδĶͻȻһͣȻź浹ȥû뵽ᷢҹδصˤڵϡ
ʦ
ҹʦ
ҹۣ
˺Χҹδߣȴ΢ҹδ˯ȥˡ
˵ֳж֮ɫһԵǻӲӣʱȴ۾
ȥҵʦ
Ǹͷֽʿڵ˳ȥܿһŮޱҹδߣȻǸʿĽۿҹδ״Ϊ̱֪ҹδ͸ֳ֧ͺͰ֮ɫֱҹδ룬ƮȻȥ
ҹδʱ򣬷Լһԡ棬ֻ¡֪һµ壬Ȼûһ˿ƣʹ
ⲻ԰
Լ˯ˣҲʮµļʹôоԼ˵ɶ
ѵԼ˯˰£
ˣһŮ𣺡û뵽ѵô죡
ҹδѰȥһӰǸӰһ¯ǰ
˾ͳɣȵϢһһ㿴

ҹδԡһԡڵˮбһ
ӦҩҺЩҩҺԼôĻָֻԼ˯˶ã
ǸŮƺµҹδ룺ֻ˯ĸʱ
˻
ҹδ벻ֵͷһԡеҩҺǼҩҺԼôָ
ԡڳԼͷһˮϴһӣȻӴȡ·ϣȻǸŮӵıӰʩһ
лл
лǸŮӵȻҩҺҺܶĲҩֵãϽϢɡ
ǣ
ҹδϥʼ칤ĻǾռڵҺľ˲١
칤ҹδѾˣԼָ˿죬λǰԼҩԡԼϼѵĸԼ˿١
ͨλŮӼ򵥵ļ佻֪ǰŮһʦܿžصĵλһ˶Լչˣҹδڸл֮ҲֻзͶ뵽޸ʿĹС
ʱһȥҹδԽԽÿ̨ǰŶӵʿһͷķʦҲڲϵߣӴİķԽԽ࣬ռĴҲԽԽ֮࣬ǣѾﵽһƷʦľ硣
;˫ģÿζҪ͸֧Žв䣬ľڲϵؽӽء⣬ҹδ뾪ϲǣķ͸֧Ͳ䣬һõ˴ƿˡ


196 ѩɽ
ԭҹδ쾭ʱ򣬶ĿܹﵽɣĳɲĿƣڵȻܹﵽƿ߳ɡ
ⲻҹδȼϣǲԼȥܹƿԼڵ
ҲֻǼһһ侲ϰߵܿƽ֪ԼȷҲһصԶḶ́ҲԼԪľ֮ǰҲƿڿ񱩵ֻһ˿ƿأҲ߱
ʱڽŵæµһȥ
Ƕûʱ⵹ʿѾڷɽѰԼĻԵ
󲿷ˣٲûҵԵֹΣգֻмһ˻Ե
ɽա
Ƿɽ֮⣬ɺûʲô仯ƽ̲ӿɽΪ˲෹̸ʡ

󻪡
۶
վڳſڣųǽŵһͨĿһ
ž侹Ȼûû󰡣Ǿɣ
΢΢üͷĶأ
˼Ƭ̣ͨӦ뿪˰ɣ

Ͻѩ
һ˼ţһŵ۶ȥ

ѩ
ţһڲԭۣٶͬһɫ磬ΡĴѩɽڷٵؽӽ
ѩɽ
ѩʥء
̵ʥ
žץץëŻٶȣž伫ĿȥɽźܶˣԶԶͣ°ָŰ
ϰףлл㣬ѩɽʺ㣬ȥɡش۳ҡ
ɡ
һȻͷž䣬ɵؽһԶܶȥʧټ
žֳ֮ɫһҰĪø
̧ͷ˴ѩɽֻܹһĴѩɽѩɽİɽ㱻һƬƺڵһ룬ûбѩǣдС
žٲŴѩɽȥ
ķ졣
ͽϣҪѡΣΪӣܹѧϰĹҿʼʱѧ쾭ž䣬ѧҲֻǴӵ쾭򻯳Ǭһ
̲ͬûпˣҪѧѧڱѩˣκһط˶ѧ
̺źܴĲͬ
ºƹȵȼϣȴһȫĴַ
Ͱ˭ѧ˭ǿ˭ͻ棬Ϳѧø
ȷ˵ž֮󣬱Ϊ͵һӡžΪ죬ܿ׷ʦΪʦʦ壬žʦֶ
̲ͬ
ȷž䣬˴ѩɽʼѧϰʼ϶ȴ壬ǵȼ͵ĵӡҪƺΪԼһʿΪʦ塣ȷ˵ͨʿǵžΪͨʿͲسƺǸΪʦˣǳƺΪʦܡһž仹˶ԷôԷƺžΪʦ֡
̵ıֺ޹أȺ޹ء
ֻΪйأͬĴСֻʵйء
̵ֱĽսһ̵̽Ľ
ǣѩɽ̵սɲºƽǰ㣬дĺܴԱڸֿţʱԮ˳
̲ǡ
ֻҪ㷢սǾǾûнڸֿšʧһȫʤһ顣
ԣоս˲и
Ĵַ
ô᲻еƽ̺ʹµǰ͵ѧ
᲻ķˣݬ룬ѧȴ̣
Լĵϵģš
ϵԳϵء
̽ǴӵϵвȻ̹дţ˭ս̽ʤ֮ͿԳΪ
ǣԴ̽ʿս³ȴֻһ̽Уû̽Ķ֣⡣
ͿԿŵ
̵ϵеʿںСʱ򣬱ʿɽȥױиִָ㣬ҲŷḻԴṩԴ̵̣ġ
ԣڡ
ǰ͵ѧķǰʿǰѧϰ㱻ڴкԴϡ
ǴС
ڴѩɽɽ£һʯֻĴƪֻѧ˴ƪ۷壬ſ˳̨ߣȥѧϰڶƪûдﵽ۷ʿûлѧϰһƪġ
Ͳһ͵͵סĻᡣֻͨһˣһƪƪѧϰ浱ɵӣ


197 
һڶʿӱ̱Դ˽ϸܵĵ顣̿Ĵ֮һﰵľݵ鲼½Ҫһ˵ݵϸ鴦¡
ξԴҪҪԴ
Ϊԣкһֱ֮ں͵ɱУֱ֮ԵźܴѹơҪֹҪһԵĻ
ѩɽȻõʥء
ڶԴǴѩɽһֵҩǵ
ȻҲ뿪û˱ǵͲˣֻĻٶȼߵԶ
ԣ뿪ѩɽ͵òһĴУҲ뿪ʺʥأû˱ǵĽἫΪһԼˣ޷뿪̡
Լŵϵţ̿ŵԭڡ
ž޴ĺôȻݬ룬ʿΪӴҪԴҪ̹ȡԴЩʵ϶ΪŻȡԴһֱȡνţԴһֶΡ
ȻһҪսҲŵڻҡ
Щ֪
֪
ԣƽ̺ʹ¸Ͳ͵ѧԼĹûء
ķʿҲ֪࣬ЩɢΨһõϽĻᣬ֪ԼҲֻ
žɽ£ܶ˶˻һһ໥ȻҲвڼס˹֮Լٵ
žһ·е˸һۣе˿һۣҲջĿ⣬øʲô͸ʲôеƵصͷžҲͷ񡣵˶״̬
һַ֮أǿ˵ΨһĿġԵȻԴرǸˡ
Ϊ˵ΪʵͨϽġôԶ϶ٻԴ
ˣԼġ
ԣһ׳סž䣬Χû⣬Ȥعۿš
Сӣģ
ž䲻ԲŶǸ׳
˵׳Ǻʹ󲿷˱ȣǺž治Ҫž䰫ϰͷ
֪Ǹ׳ָͷžţҪȰͷϵĶóү
žƽڻʱҲûѩɽѧϰԶһж˽úǵΪҽҹδ룬ԲûĴѰܹҽҹδİ취
ԣžôԷֱһŶԷ˹ȥ
Լһʿôһ徳ʲôɿģ
ž
һǸ׳ϣֱӸȵһԴе˵ϣ˹ȥž̧Ŵ׳˹ȥɽµһʯȥǰ˷׷ÿ֪ž䲻ǡ
ЩӣžҲûжںͼռǬһ֮Ϊ˲٣Ѿ뵽硣ٶȣʮܹ꣬ﵽԪ硣
ɽ£һͷʯͨѩɽϣͬһѾһֱʧڰɽƺ֮С
̨׵Աߣһʯһƪ֡

ƪ
ž俴ƪڵΪĹȻ⣬
ǳĬˡ
˵Ѿ磬Ѿ˴徳֪ԼܹԼһʵԼľ硣Լеľȥ߲ԶȵһЩͻƿԾȥ
ǣƪǷʳһűǵһž͹ȻѰһ֮
ɽţʱֵļܶʻʢбϢ
ѩɽЩܹϵġ
ûб֮أûбǵҲǲҪʱҪܾˡֻһ徳Ҫܾãδô죿
Ҫ֪׷ɱԼԼֻбøǿܹȫ
Ŀƶ̾ϢһŲԶһȥǸݵĴǰһ̵ʿžվǰ¶Цݣ
λʦܣҪǵ
ǵô
ǵƷƷƷͼƷƷǵһһƷʯƷһʮƷʯƷһһƷʯƷһһƷʯ
žϱֳһ˿ɬһƷڵʱÿҲи뿪ǰɽÿҲһٿƷʯ͸ԴԣɽЩ˵УӦڸеġ


198 
ΪѰұҳǶž¹͸Դﲻ˵ֲҩ͵ҩˣʯҲŲ٣һƷʯԣžϾʯ˵һƷʯʮƷʯǧƷʯ
ǣֻͼĴ徳Ѿڵž䲻ǰ׳գԽҪԴԽ࣬ԴѩɽǵƺڻҵĵУԼʯĲøʲôҪ򰡡ԼıȡһƷʯݸ˴ʿ
һţ
žдģһһǼ֮󣬵ģһ说Դһ͵ģһǵɱ˵Ǹʬõģ֪գһӹڲϣڻȡһЩԴڱ
ţڵǸʿЦݸӲãӹžʯݸһŵҩ
Ҫ̶𣿡
̶
ԣһƷʯ졣

ž䲻ɴһӣôĹ󰡣
ɡܲڴ徳εʱ̫á
ǣžȡһʯ˹ȥǸʿЦݸӲãݸžһӵ
ӵǾźţھźź̶ӵıеͼ
лл
žӹӣ濴һ飬ȻͰյͼٲȥ
һʮŮһƥԶڶдϣȥؽף׬һЩԴڿԼǵˡĿžıӰϣɫͻȻһ㣬ֳ֮ɫһž׷˹ȥ
Ŵ磿дһ˿ȷ
žס˽ŲͷȥϱųЦݣã
㣡ôžԣһϲ㡭
ɫһ䣬ѹȥǱߡ
žͷĬȻŷԶȥһֱߵ֮˲ͣ˽Ųȴԡ죬žǣһµ
滹ǲսӰ
ǰһǵǴСӺҹӥСӺɱʱ򡭡
ˣôСӵأ
ǡֳȻ֮ɫδǡˡΪ˱ңˣǰҲȥˡ֮󣬱
֮ٶȳĬ죬ž̾һ㶼֪ˣ
ţͷҸոմӻͨɱ˵ӣ
ûУžҡҡͷȴûн͡Ϊ֪ҲûãκЧ
ÿĬȻž䣬ͻȻɫһžӦϵϢ仯תͷһڵ
ڡǲǸɱˣ
žɫһ£ϲΣգʱȥͨԼλãõһʽ͡
ѩɽʲôҪ
ԴҪ
ʿΪ˴ﵽĿĶֶΣοֻȥͨԼϢ
ɱȻûΣա
ڶʱûΣգҲͷʶԼ˲ʶԼ
ǡ
žҡҡͷһɱϵˣȴһɱ޹ˡҲԸڽ
ڵķòûи淢ԼԼûеɱ
οս
ãЦž̾Ϣһ
ؿžҪֻ֪Ҫȥ淢㣬ˡ
žҡҡͷü֮価Ǻȴδػֻ
ֻʲô
žĬƬ̣Цһ׷ɱңʿΪ׷ɱҡҪȥȻҪͷ棬˼ôĺ֮ء
ģĲҡ
ٶĬȻձðˡ
üžĿˣвֳʹ֮ɫСȭͷžǰ˻ε
㻹ģûҪɱҡұضҷÿɲǰˣѾһˡаû˰ɣʲôΪùҲ
ž俴õľٶһů֪ǲԼˣֳЦݵ

ôС죬Ŀ𾪡Ȼɾɥ꣬ȴ㡣
ž䲻ݸ
ͬСһ㣬ɫһϲԺɵҡ
ãžشĹϡ
ȭͷžһ£ûǵĽ顣


ţոһűǵһ̶ʹ
ҲһˬԸ񣺡Ͻȥɣ׷ҵΪڿǱߣҪŶ


199 Ѫ
ãžֳЦݣһ˿ġ
źź̶
һʯڡ
ʱžվں̶ڣ̶ˮûزһ˿˿Ȼһʹ
žϵط˷ʳǵΪѾоԼıڷٵؾδΪʲôˣ
ȴ֪ԼʱٷʳǵܶԼкô˺Լ壬ʱԼĳѾﵽ˼ޣʱűĿܡ
͡
ıǿѪҪˣæں̶ڿʼ
ʱҪڴʽϺĹһֻоʽʽȴǲͬžһһʽغ̶
һоЩÿë׸ӿٵ뵽ڣȴĶʼδƤѪҺ
Ч

žһʽһʽһ˿š
üͷоԼ忪ʼһ˿ӲȻֻһ˿ǶѾܹظ֪
ⲻһͷһ˿ӲĽض
ҵ嵲סˣ
̶塣õķϰں̶Ļͷں̶ĸû˺̶ĸǴ徳һأ֪ҪķѶꣿ
ûʱ䣬Ϊ֪ʲôʱ򣬵ͻᷢȻɱǸʱֻߣһδܹӵõ
ԣڵžеҪԼǿֻǿܹ֤Լİȫ
Ȼڻһѡ
ǰԭ
ʯ֮Ƚ뵽˺ͼռ䣬ȻͼռĴƪǰո֮ʱһ˿򣬸ˣǶʿҪҲˡ
ʲԱֳܲ˺ýӲĽ
ڸԭպٶȱӦü٣˱ܹﵽԼĽǣʣЧϲ١
ˣûǸ
žüֳ֮һ˿ʺ;ɥΪ־ôһֽӲһ˿Լȥֻһ·
׼ԭʱȴͻȻоԼһ˿ԴӲָһ˿
۾һȻ֪ԭ򣬵ȴ֪ԼĻᣬԭ뷨һ˿ؼͼռ
ǸԴʫʫѪҺ֮ѪҺͬ˿һ㣬һ˿˿һ㽫γһĲϼ롣ϼγ֮ǽƱȳ˯֮С
ͬߣ
ž䲻֪ʵʫʫ֪ѪѪѪǼµԣԹ°빦Ϊһǧʫʫ֪ʦïҲ֪ʵһŮӣȴµѪֱһ˭Ҳ뵽
ֱ⣡
ǵĳʼǬһ
ǬһȻǬ֣һõĹ
Ǭ
õĹһº͵Ĺκʶܹҵ˺棬ҪޱĹҲ˿ˡ
һͳ׵
ֹռͽʿûд󣬵ȵΪˣٿ԰ԼѡĹ
ʵʫʫٶȣѪȴҪõĹΪñࡣ
һλԵɺϵ֮УʫʫˡǸʱĵٺͷҶȵϵǳȥԡǴҲ⡣ʫʫˣõ֪ʫʫȻǾѪ
һ׸ļָָӡһֻѰָ꣬©û뵽ֱָܹѪ
ԣԮʫʫʫʫ˿ϵѪɽļָϣȻõѰϢ˶һ£һצ˺ʺǷӦѸ٣Ҳֻ˺һ⡣
ȴֻоϲ
Ѫ
ӵ˾Ѫ쾭ĻضΪһǧ
Ϊʫʫ߶ˣѾҪ˸޹ʱˡʻҪһЩ쾭Ϊûڲѡ˸޵Ĺԭ
һԹҪǬһƷߣȴҪȵ쾭ϲ١ȻвʣȴԼʣҲûа취
ϣ


200 һǧ
ֻҪȡʫʫѪԼͿ쾭Ϊͻͽһǧ
ԣһֱʫʫ⡣ǿǣȴʫʫɱ
ԭҲȥˣʫʫˣҲˡžҲòѪƫƫžб˽ƵӹƣƳԭʳѪͳɳѪڽһ޷ܾջԣž仳ʫʫʱ򣬽ƾͼɴؿʼʫʫ˿վѪ
ɶ˻𣬾Ѫ̫ǿˡ˽޷ܾջͬʱѪҲǽܹܵġ
ԣƱѪӡˣ˳˯֮С
Ҳһӽƶ޷ձѪƶһû˽ƵӡžɢǸʱžҲ㲻Ѫƶ³
ԣžγһ΢ƽ⣬Ѫͽγɵһƽ⡣Ȼ˯еľѪĺ֮䣬һ˿˿վѪ΢ƽһվѪγɵķӡգƽΪڹơһսƱѪƶ
ǿµľ棬Ϊ˯յٶȴΪƱƶĸռ롣
ƫƫʱžں̶̶ĺ뵽žڡһ±㼤˾ѪķӦ
һ˿ѪķӡĹĶ뵽žѪУڵֿͬʱҲʼغžѪںϣ£ںϵĳ̶ȽžѪӵһ˿ΪϡľѪ
һ˿Ѫӷӡž佩ӲָɣſһУ֪ĻԵȫע
һһ飬ڷٵߣܷٵߣյĺ̶ٶҲڼ٣еľѪ㲻ʱһ˿һ˿ںϵѪ֮УľѪŨȿʼ
ԭдѪЧľѪŨһ˿˿
顭
ڴı죬ѾĶδﵽ˼¡岻պΪ徳ĹҲֻܹﵽЧҪգǾҪĹ
Ҳ˵žﵽ徳۷塣
ֻǡ
ž˺̶оһԼ壬΢΢üͷ
ɽµʯϣŹеĲĸоأʿ֪Լʲô硣
ʯϵĽ⣬ԼӦøоһֱֱڡ
ڵĸоȴǲͬûµĸоȴǺ䣬
ȻҲָоָоԼоʮ
žɫЩ֪Լǲˣ
ڴ˵УԺԳưԽġԼԲһ
С
Լ彩ӲʧˣƺǴһȡ
ѵǽƣ
ɫӵ֪ƻʲôĽ
ǣԼǴﵽ徳۷ˣ
ˣ
Ǹǻǻ㲻
ϣ꣡
ž뿪ʯңյӿϣڱҲůģá
ҵѾнˣÿһ죬׬ʲô
žɽȥֿܿȺȺҲ˿ʵž䵽֮һȵһߣӡ̡ʱžôֻˣһв졣
ɹˣǶ򲻹ʯǰ

ž̨̤ߵʱ˲
ʲô
ֻҪ̨̤ߣζžѾﵽ˴徳۷塣Щž䱳ĿⲻɳĽҲûио֣žһϵܾܹžΪӦúܸߣһ˱ǵͺ̶ʹȨ۷壬Ҳôʲô֡
ž˳̨һһʵǣԸԭͺʱѾȫ˻ûʧ̨Եķ羰
ʱֵģǴѩɽɽҲĻ̺졣
һһʵǣĿѤӵķɡ
ߴԼǧ̨ףһƽ̨ƽ̨ܴžһ̤ƽ̨ʱ͸оԼһ
ǡ
˻
ž䵹һпĴֱʣڵȻ֪Ӧòһ󷨣ͨʿûдﵽĴ徳۷塣


201 
ž̧ȥǧ֮һʯʯǰŴԼϥ泯ʯʯһԣһʿžߡž
ֻܹƾ豾ߵʯǰ׷Χڡ
ǣ
žңң֡ȻʼٲʯķȥʱʯǰЩʿͷžһԣתͷʯ
һ
žǰУоԽԽǿܵķΧ֮ڡֻʱҲЩģףƽ̨ϵضԽԽǿֻдﵽĴ徳۷壬ܹߵʯǰİ׷Χڡ
϶Ǵ徳۷壬ǲ֪ԼǷﵽҪĴ徳۷壿
ϾоǱ
ԣʱ
ڣ̤˾ʯ׷Χ֮ڡǸϥʯԱߵʿһֱڼûסʱɹ۾ᣬͷһ¶Ƿ
žȻ⣬ʱãԼܹͨˣ֤Լû⡭
Ŷ
Ӧò
˵һƽ̨ϵʿһ¡
Ǹ̵ʿˣǸģͲԼ
ž̧ͷɫѾҪƻˡԼóŹϽһĹ
Ŀʯ

ͨ

žؿ˼飬ɫ֮ǰͨƪȻϥƽ̨ϣʼƬϸϸƪ
оԼѾȫ֮۾Ѿҹʱ֡ƽ̨ѾûˣǸ̵ʿ
϶ɽ
žվʯ¹ܹҸһС·˳С·ȥȻ㿴С·һ׵ľݣľݶƾˣ˺ܾá
ӦǺܾǰʿģ˼ážҵһյľݣ˽ȥܶҳžҲ⣬㽫ŹϣȻǻҳĴϣܿ뵽˯֮С
뿪֮˯ȵһΪֻ֪Ҫ徳۷壬̨̤ףɹߵ˵ڶʯǰͱΪ̵ĵӡɽµЩ˲㡣
һΪ̵ӣ㲻໥ɱһ֣㱻նɱʮᡣ
սˣұս˻̵ܾܾÿһսǶǾʮֲпᣬͨһΪ
ԣ̵Ľ̹ìܣ˽ɱΥĺͨķսܡ
ž䲻ı͵Ϯ߰ɱ֮ģЩҲ̫ˣľƣ
ա
žԪԹһʱ뵽ͼռ䣬ʼںͼռڷ˵ﵽ֮ŴӺͼռڳ
ž侫ӵ߳˷ݣ㿴Աߵķ߳һʿžͷ
λѣ磡
λʿ´žһۣȴֻǵͷ˳С·ʯȥž¶һ˿Цⶼñ
ѵ
ǣȵƽ̨֮󣬲ŷЩ˲ǲǲ˽
֮ĽȻܹ˴˻档һ˽˶ܹʲô⣿
ǲнǽе洫ڡ
žһ£ģ֪ûԸԼ㰴Լ⿪ʼֻһ죬ͣüͷڵˣζοѨ
ǵ쾭οѨؿѨϣתĻٶȣȫܡ
΢˼һ£žˣӦԭǾ뿪ԡ
վɨһֽۣƽ̨ϵʿ˺ֻܶ࣬вһٸƽ̨ҲûԶƽ̨һô£ϥ£һʼһ
Ȼο࣬žһָоƺѾܹﵽѨҪ󣬵ͣ
ֻожѨĿܣòԣ
ǾͼռӦֻо˵
ž䲻̾ϢһԼվǲһЩڵڰͰɾҲйоء
йоزУҪԼʵ
뵽˱ǵͺ̶
߳˴ӰʯǰǸʿ̧ͷžҲɫ顣
žӲͷƤֵλʦôƺ
˵£Ǹʿ˵
žǳ鴤һ£ǹʵλʦ֣ײǲҲҪǵͺ̶


202 ѡ
Ǹʿɫһǵͺ̶ȻЧĸȻҲԲãʱȥĥ
ǡ磬ҪʲôƷıǵͺ̶
Ǹʿɫӻˣ磬ƷľСǵܹʳģҪϡ̶Ҳܹģÿ졣ȻҪʮ£ܹٴνȥǣں̶ʯãֻҪ뿪ʯң㹺ʱʧЧˡ
ô
빺𣿡
žȡһƷʯݸǸʿ캮̶
ʿҡͷһĺ̶ɽµĺ̶ͬҪƷʯ
žĬĬȡһƷʯ˹ȥǸʿ϶һ˿ЦݣʯݸžһӣžѾᳵ·ӵ棬Ǹʿ֣תҲС
ƽ̨ϵЩʿвĿ˸ʱ䶼ͦˣϵԴϻˡǻ߾ûеҩͺ̶İ¿ޣɽȥ׬ȡԴٻ֮ǰķǰ㣬Ļ˷ʱ䡣žһʯһвһսž䣬ɱԶϵԴˡ
ž䲻֪ЩʿѾɱģ첽ɵٲﱼӶȥ
ЩΪҪ֪ں̶Ƿڻһ˿ů
ǲǴ
ǲǽƵ⣿
ԣЩʿ¶˾ģҪսžʱ򣬷žѾûӰ֪žȥʮʿվž׷˹ȥ
ڴѩɽһٲ
νٲٲ˺ԽϣԽŨνĺ̶Ǵٲˮ޽ʯҡڵڶ߶ȣ̶Ҫɽµĺ̶࣬Ҳʯһԭ
ʱžѾվԼʯǰֽʯƿȴȻں

žͷʮʿӶ뻹ԶȴѾܹеɱ⡣ž䵱ƿʯҵţһ˽ȥֽŹϡ
ಡ
ʮʿε̵ͣĽ̹ǲʯҵġʮʿ໥һۣȻûһ뿪һϥ
ǶžʱڣܹͻƵͨ۷壬Ծȡ
žվں̶ǰϵ·һȥȻ˺̶֮С
˻̫ôˣ
뵽ڣֻǲϢʱ䣬ž͸оԼ忪ʼһ˿˿æʼкͼռĹ
˻˻˻
̶ˮʼžΪĴγһС̶ŨЮһ˿˿ӿ塣
˻Ĺ̫ǿˣҵܲס
ţ
εžɱȵһں̶侲ˣҳֹ֮ǰ飬ǳעԼ࣬һһصӦԼദ
һ˿ȴ˳ѪҺУĽӲһֿʼ˳һֿʼһ˿Ӳʱһ˿
ˣֻǲ֪ԭʣǽƵã
Ӧǽưɣ
̽һ࣬йעһʱ䣬Ҳûиף㿪ʼעԼ塣˺̶á

һĹԱк̶ƵĻټԱǵܹΪһٶϡûЩһˮĥ򡣵ȻҲų콾ĴڣЩ콾ûЩٶҲ˿졣
ǣЩ콾Щأ
Ǿͻ죡
žţе콾ԴһãԶԶ̶ͱǵ
ǣҲ˶ܹú̶ͱǵģ˵ܹȫú̶ͱǵ
Ĵ󶥼⹦֮һʿҪܸߣʲô˶ܹģ˼㲻콾ҲӦ֮ˡˡʣҲδؾ;ܵ𺮶ʴ
̶ͱǵܹ̼ʿ壬Ǻһֶ΢һЩܲסֺʺõˣܹĺ̶ʲľͳܲסҲֻܹܼʱ
ʵĲ죡
ǣž仹ǲͬ㲻콾Ҳʣԭں̶ͬʱʦǵҲδزܳܡǳܲס
Ϊʲô
ΪѾԭǾͼռ
žѪֻѡ


203 
һԭһǲں̶Ϊں̶˵ʱǰͻо彩Ӳ
ҲԲú̶ֻñǵ˭֪ҩԶˣиõģʡ
ջۣʿɺܴ鷳
أ
žûгԱǵһܹں̶Һ̶ĸЧνѣɣԼٶȣЩȱԴ콾ⶼǹȡ
ǲʱһ˿ȣںͻƵһǧ
ֻһʱ䣬ͽͨ۷壬һǿˡ
ȻΪľѾ򿪹ͨǶϣҲ㹻ˣûôѨϺ;ԭֻؿɣȴһɡⲻں̶ϣ˼
մ˵Ĵ󶥼ҲֻܹؿһԼȴһ˵ͼռĹȷʵҪ߳ԭĹ
һϢ
Ǵʱȴӵãˣ
Ϊ֪Լ״Ϊһ˿˿ȣѾºˡ
⻹
ȥԼܹĺ
кͼռڣԼӦܹȥԼܹ֮ȥٶ˿죬Ч˺ãһ˿˿ǹûġ
ǣһ˿˿Ȼȡ֮֮
еһ˿˿ûˣԼܹȥ
Ǹʱûȵںϣ᲻ͻ
ôģ
ơ
ҡҡͷ̾ϢһԼƽ̸˽⣬ƺ͹Ƶԡ
ˣ
Ǳԭе̬ɣ
զؾզأ
žʯǰƿ˴ţ˳ȥ
ʮʿɫһ㶡
⡭ôͳˣ
һɣ
ʲУֲ죿
ݲ̫࣬ʮվžΧ˹Ⱥ
λʦ֣Ҫս
Ҫս㣡

ʮ˷׷׿սžĿɨʮˣ΢΢ʵϣߵΪǱͨݣһҪ͵ڴѩɽǱЩȴƵòߵ
Ŀ˵һսʿϣɴ
Ǹʿȴҡͷǵʯʦֱܹսᱻ˽
ŶžҲǣͷʲôأ
ǸʿϾֳһ˿ʹսҪһƷʯ
žҲ̾Ϣһⶼİ
ԼͣԣͻƵúܿ죬ҲͻĿƷʯ֪ΪԼѾ磬ֻǸ޹ڶδȵԼΪ׷ǸʱٶȲô죬ҪĺķѱȥˣԼʯ»Ѳ˶á
ȻǰʿԴķѵòˡ
һ˻صʯǰǸ̵ʿȻ֪ʮʿ׷žȥʲôˣʱǻȤž䡣ǸһսʿȡһƷʯݸǸʿ
ʦ֣Ҫ
ʦʯֳЦݵУ
˱λʦҲС߲Զһյͣʦֶָ
ɣ
λʿžԶž买ֵ룡
ž񣺡룡
ϣ
ʿνٶȼ죬žȴ˲١žЩʿڵ˼꣬۽͵ӶҪȶԷǿ١ΪҲȶԷߡ
ӶԷĳֿžѾжϳԷһһʿǴӶԷпɱ⡣
ﬣ
žһնûʲôʽֻǵһʽ

һȴѸһ㣬죬źصܡ

ཻԷĽֶɣžĵֱ롣
ۡ
Էǰص¸žһʿӶӶ۾һ˹ȥ
žǰһ飬ֻһƷʯǱûҪȴǽʯȻĿʣµʮʿʮʿɶʼžĿ⣬ֱӣʱǶˣԼžĶ֡
ʦҲˣתȥɢ˰ɣ
˷׷ɢȥž߻ƽ̨̧ͷһ̨ף̨ȥ
ҪʲôͻȻžľٶɾҪ֪žǲ찡
ѵѾﵽͨ۷壿
ʦһüͷչſžΪں̶İ£ʱͻƵͨ۷壬ȻˣҲܹܡ
žһһ̨׵ȥӰʧ˵ҰС


204 ĿѪ
ΧĲľĻȻ߶ȵﵹĿ䡣ž̧ͷӵ̨ף̾һ
̶
Ǵҵĸף壬ҹӥСӱȻַŵкֱĴܣСĵδ롭
޸ҹδͻȻһ٣ͻȻֳһ˿״Ĳƺʲôѹ飬ƺԼ׺ѹӰ쵽ԼҲѹ
ǡҹδü֮ͻȻֳһ˿ǣѵǸǳˣǶ㣿ĸ磿
Ǵ磬ڵӦúܰȫ
ҹʦ
ỽҹδʧѣͷ޸ֻһ˿壬ʱƣֽæµ˷ŵǡ
æµš
״̬һֱԱɽǱ˵ʿڶݵ֮һγս
ҹδѾսսˣȫ޸ͻ˷ϡÿζֵʣŻͣʱ͸ֻ֧طƿԽԽǿʶڵĴҲԽԽǿ
ˡ
һգҹδ뽫һո޸֮Ժб֪ԼʶҪٴؿˡҵоԼЩѣΡæ¿̵ͷʣϥ˵ϡ
ҹʦôˣվڹ̨ǸʿԼķ޸һ룬ͻȻˣɵĵ˴ʱĿҹδ룺
ҹʦ°ɣ
ҲЩˣʦ
ŶӵЩʿҲˣҹδҲûֹͣ޸Ǵû޸һʱͣһӶΧ
ҹۣ
ҹʦ

û£ҹδѵ³֣ȫʼء
ҹδ뿪˵û£ЩһҹδЩʿвһܻӭ޸һɣһͬʱʿˡ
ǲǸмҹδ룬Ǿҹδ롣
һĶãһ޸һ߻˷Ȼܹٶ죡
콾ˣ
ꡭ
ʶı飬ҹδȻоʶһˬ·ԭɽѹţʱȴɵϡ
ʶٴһʮ꣬أ˵ȥԲš
ҹδ۾վΣ˿̵׼Ǹʿ޸ȴȻɽϴ˻ɽ緢ĺ
ڻ
ҹδ̧ͷɽ˻ʱеˣ̧ͷɽǵΣҲп־塣
ҹδ뽫˫ۣһӻͱ
ડҹδеĿ̵˹̨ϣǡӮˡ
ʦ˵ʲôһץסҹδֱۣеѹż
ҹʦʲôˣΧʿҲҹδ롣
ҹδȻ˦˷֣ƿǰʿɽȥһܣһߺ
ӮˣӮˣ
䣬⼸æµ޸ʵϲÿеѹۿһʬ屻ۿȱ첲ȵʿٴεս֪ʲôʱҲͻ纣һɽӿ
һ̣·˺ƣƷ˴ɽѹֵ֮ϲã˿ܡ
Ӯˣ
Ӯˣ
ɽµʿҹδĺҲҹδıܣȻɽϴĻ
䡭
ˣЦģģϲġ
ͬһĶɽϳȥͬǳһ㣬ɽӶȥ
ಡ
ҹδڷرţʱƣֻͣ뵽ɽЩʿĻУֻվɽһƬս
ڵɽ鿺ܵػһʿӵԾȻĿɽ¡
ǿϲɫȻסˣͬϣȻʧ̶ֳһ˿룬һ˿Ѹٵɢ
鲼ʬ塣
ѾɽΪɽʬƽ
ʬ壬Ǹȴʬ塣ʱлԡѪ˺ҧĸ첲ȣѪʿﻶ
ĿѪ죡
еһƬ죬ضѪȾ˺ɫƮŨѪȵζ
ڻЩսʿѾֳ档
ҹδûУ
δѪȵĳ棬Ѫȵĳ˵ӴһͷĿѪڣ㶼ʬ塣
徿˶٣ŴӮⳡս
Ǻεȵ־ŴӮⳡս
ҹδѾˣ˫Ŀ֮ˮ첲һˮһһɽȥ


205 곱
ı󣬷ʿпʼз𾭣ȱҰĻǡҹδûз϶ʬǡһʿѾʧȥ˫ȣ˵ϣȴЦ
ſЦһȫԼ˫ѾûˣѪںϢѸٵ䣬ֻɫܣŽЦ
ҹδһԼû˷ҲûзֽֽɽǱߵĹ̨ϡ
Ǹʿǰứ˫ȥǸʿ˫ȣȴôҲֹסѪתͷɽϻ˿޺
˰˰
ɽϻˣĿɽȥǿҹδ룬ҲǸʧȥ˫ȵʿǿ˸ڵϵʿ
ˣ
֪˭һأʿɽϳһ˵ʿƣȻ㱳˵ʿɽϱӶȥеʿʼѾʿ塣
ҹδչ˵Ǹʿͱˣҹδ뱼һ˵ʿȴ̱ȣȥҹδ¶мЦݵ
ҹʦ
ҹʦ
ҹʦ

ҹδǸ˵ʿȥǰҹδ벻ʶЩˣΪ޸ͻʱһֱͷ̫ʿʶ̫ʿҹδ޸Ҳ̫ʿҹδ˷ƹ
ܹⳡпսлţҹδԭڡ
һսǵԴûʲôҹδģֻŰҹδɻֻҪҹδЪš
ʮ֮ҹδ뷴ӦˡҲûȥűЩԱ̫ʿ£ûиᡣ
ɽϴʿУ·һɢеɽϣæµʿھ˵ʿʿ塣
ҹδվʬ룬ΧѾûʬ壬ʬ塣µѪȾ˴أЩ΢죬ڵѪɢŴ̱ǵѪζΧһУɫ˺죡
Ѫ죡
ţ
ҹδһڷо˷𶯡
΢΢𶯣
΢΢һֱڼ
ʵϣɽʱʶڵķͿʼ΢΢ֻǸʱҹδ뱻ǰľ𾪣žˣûио
ʱȴظоʶڷ춯
ҹδһ
ɣ
һʶ뵽ʶڣ˷Ǿҵһ
ҹδʶһĿȻһž޴ı洣һڷϷռ䡣
پͬǺһʮëķ룬Χŷתǣķʵʵشǲתġ
أ
Ƿڻת΢΢𶯡
⡭ʲô
ҹδû̽뵽δ֪һ侲ʼϸϸ۲ԼʶԼķ
ţ
ֻ΢һעͷ쳣
ʶ
յֻоǴʱҹδȴһ
ʶ䡣
һ˿һ˿˷ӿʶ

ҹδһָоһ˿˿ӿʶǱرʶͱ˷֮ڣʶһ˿
ǷЩ
ǡ
ⶼЩʲô
Ϊʲôĸо
ҹδ붢ŷԥǷҪʶ뵽ڿһڷ⣬ȻԼΪʬ⣬ʶضܵ˺
ȥ
ֻ˲䣬ҹδ˾
ԼķԼҪ˽˺ֱ仯ǻı仯ҲüԲߡ
һʶ뵽˷
ȻͲ˳
ʱڷĵһ㡣
ϿƮһŷͷɵĹ⣬ͬǳһ㡣
ǻһЩĶ
ǡ

һֻֻֻ࣬һţһ¹һǻ
еţ¹͸ģֻȴһ˿ʵҹδ룬ҹδ죬Ҫ˹ӣҹδһ
ҹδҲرþһŻẔ̇һ棬ǸϣǸزҽһҹδ˹
ҹδ󾪣ķУףһɣ˻˻Ҳ˹
ǿ϶˲ġ
ֻҹδķǲһĴһЩҲܹµҹδ룬ǲС
䡭
ҹδҲֻǶľϵشϷķһŷһֵ¡¡ֻҪϣҹδһȣǸ׷˺󡣶ʱҹδѾЩЩѾꡣ


206 ִ
ЩʵҲ˾޴ҹδڵʵ꣬Ҳ򲻹
أ
Ѿɱһ壬ҵǵĿǣ׷ֻҲˣ׷ܻ̫СˡǸ¹ЩЧǶڻûЧ
ҪǿԷ
ѾΪ㣬һװŷʦķڶװŴʦķⲻζŵһֻܹװʦķÿһ㶼һļ̣֮ԷֳɲͬķֻΪʹ÷㡣
ǣʱҹδҪķһʶ͸һ㣬˵ڶ㡣ڶϿҲƮһŷҹδһһŴʦķ㱻תƽ뵽һ㡣
䡭
ܿɱ֮ǰ׷ǿֻ࣬ǼȥǸǿĻѾʼ͸
Ǿʱ򣬷ֶһ壬ȴһҪȻҪǿΪȻʵࡣ
䡭
ϣȻǻǵȻǣ꣬ʱĺ£ҲĲҽСȻҹδ˻
һӰ۳ҹδпʼ˿־塣
ѾȫˣԼڳȡ
Щ壬壬ƮһƬսУʱţЩǻὥɢ

ҲᱻɽϵЩʿֻء
ȴ˽ΪףѾ˴ʱʶڵ״
ӦǷƷ˵ַֻܹͨʽûһӾͰһս뵽֮УûǸֻܹһ˿˿ա
ʱսķϣҹδΧƮһĻǣЩϣһ˿һ˿ҹδüģǱյĻǡһһǣȴͨһ˿˿ȡսһлյڣγһǡ
ҲΪˣڷγɵĻЩһһҹδʱѾˡ
ţ
ҹδͻȻһ㣬ֿһӰ֣⾹Ȼһˡ

һ˵Ļǣ

Ҳˣ
ҹδ˲뿪˷ع˱壬Ȼȣɽȥڵɽľ벻ԶѾܻɽȻһƨɽһʯϣʶ̽뵽֮С
壬һ¹һһһ壬Ǹںζһ߱ܣһ߶һ߻򹥻
ҹδһǸζͻȻʧҰС
ҹδķ̫ˣһ߼ʡǸ֮󣬱˼ʼεʱҹδѾγǸǰǸ嵹һ㲻ţҹδ
û뵽ôᣬսģȻ´ʲôط㱳򵥰Ȼôһ
ҹδǸʿʩ񣺡ǰԲҲģȥ÷ʿȥֻء
ǸʿڰֵҲǻǣҲ޷ֻء
ҹδ벻ɴ󾪣ǡǼҲǻǣ
ǣ
ô
ôǣЦ
ţҹδͷ
ҵĻѾʿֻȥˣڵֻµһִ
ִ
ԣʿҹδ͵ִӦһ֡һûʵ֣ȴ˲ʣȥһǿһ̶ȣִ
ִǻǣԲᱻȣҲֻءվʱţɢ
ԣ㲻õҡ
Ѿش⣬ܹشҵ˰ɣ
ŶŶҹδæͷûдִѹҡﲻʲôҹķ
ǸʿȻ۾ƭңȻҲһʦҲûмûôġ
ţ
Ҳô˵кܴܴģŷʦľСѾͷڼꣿ
ҹδʮţ
԰ʮй𣿱ǹĶǳ٣Գ֮Ϊ콾˰ɣ
ҹδһͦأҵķ
ҲգʿܷʦƵģԴС⣬Сҿ
ã
ҹδһڵĿռȻСҲ˲ҹδǸʿĲԶȻҲ˻ģһʱ֮䶼˹ҹδǸʿҲǸʿһ㣬شܡ


207 Լ
Ǵ濴Ҳһڲ죬Ǹʿ˿е𾪸ޣ
⡭һһһ㣡
ţҹδ뽾Ѿ㣡
䡭
ԶͻȻҹδǸʿѰȥڹǽڣҪ¹ͺĹû˿仯ǸĹ÷ǽڵһȦȦǸʿһüͷ
ǿķδصסˣʲô磿
һƷʦ
ľ绹ǵЩʦ᳹ѹϾĻشڵʵǰİٷ֮һ
䡭
ҹδ̧һָе㽵һǸϣǸһ
ףǸʿ۾һЧ㹥ǧΣӦþͿ԰׺Ļɢˡ
ǧΣ
ҹδ죬ȴǲͣͷǸһȥײҹδ˹ҹδһڲбʮֵĹһӱʧȥӰʿҹδ˿һɲͣϣʱҲֻܹӲΪҲҹδ룬ǽڶҲˡ
ǰԺ󣿡
ʿĿӦһ£ҾסɣҸоҾȻãﲻɢǿ
ҲδԽǿԽǿ
ǡðɣҹδͷδǰƺ
ʿҡҡͷ֮ˣֻһִѾҵʧˡˣʹʲô
һҷʦݣʹõǷ룬һߵݣʹõǽ
ҾͽнһɣʿЦ
ҹδͷһǰִʲôҪҰ𣿡
һĬƬ̵ҵִն塣
˵ɬһЦʵϣⲻҵִʿִۿԼĿУжһҪɱ壬ִҲʧ
ҹδȻ𾴣ֻҲΣִԼﲻæԼȻҲδɱǵ˵áҼҲʵִ
ɱ壬ǿһ塣
һֱûһҲ壬ֻǻ˫ǿĽˡ
һҹδиֻ̾ʮ꣬ǹΪʲô磿
㡭
磬ҿҲֻܹܹڣҲ

ҹδһһŮӻ½һܹԼԺԼôϴ裿
ͨڣ
ţһüͷ㶼ˣɼʺܺãôͨڣʲô˵Ӧܹﵽ㡣
ҹδ۾һ㽫Լ״˵˽һȻֵһ̾Ϣҡͷˣ
Ұﲻ㣬û뵽㾹Ȼǳôôأ
ҹδ벻ЦΣһֵˣƾɣ޵ǷʦʲôҵĽܸߣⷽ浹ǿ԰㡣
㺮ҹδ۾ǹ㺮ǰҲĹ㺮𣿡
һ죺ǣҰﲻ㡣
Ȼֳ֮ɫզôأôôøԶأ֪㺮Ľͨ𣿡
ǡҹδҪõ
ҲǸʡˡ
һԱˣоԼȫûá̾ϢһҶٻܹһЩæġȻû㺮ҳ罣꣬ĵ̻ܹģ԰㺻ʵĻ
лǰ
Уһҹδ׼ô
ҹδһ֣ǡ
˷ѣһЦǸ¹ͻ˵Ǹã
һꣿꣿ
㲻øɱˡ
ô죿
һʦӦûԼɣ
ţҹδ۾һҿô¶ˣ
һҡҡͷˣҹδ츳û˵һûʲôĳ
ڵľ磬ǿƺǸǩԼȴ޷ǸǩԼǸڵĻǻ̫ǿҲҪġȰǸ¹ͻǩԼȻҺһǸټӦܹڽ϶̵ʱڴǸĻǾ磬ȻͿԺǩԼˡ
ҷĻЧģرǿ󣬳Ϊĺð֡
ǩԼʱΪǸոǶʱ䣬ǻָ޷ǩԼˡ


208 ֶ
ãҹδ۾һȥǩǸ¹
ҹδһŽһ¹ĸǰʱǸ¹һĴεͻȻҹδͽһ
βýһָӣҹδͷһ¹Ȼ㿪ʼþԼ¹ʶʲôϵͺУ̫ˣ޷
һžյԼ¹Ļȥ¹ʵˡҹδ¹ҹδߣԴҹδ롣
ҹδϲһִŽһ¹ţǰûеʼԸţһȵ
㹴Լٶôô죿
ҵľȽǿ󣡡ҹδһͷסţһ߻ش
ж󣿡
أ
˻㡭ֲ˹
һıҹδŵˣ
һʮĴʦһǹ˷ĴʦѾ˵ˡȴû뵽ֻǱɽһǣҹδľȻѾˡͲٶΣͲʦ˺ðɣ

ŶҸոչãոշֳ㡣
һˣҹδڵķֻ㣬Ϊҹδ뾫粻ΪãֻҪҹδʱ䣬ҹδͻὫΪ㣬Ǹʱķʦ֮һصʦ֮
ھͿֱԼˡֻɲ
Ƚ
ܿ죬ҹδͽվԭһͻȻϮô
һ۾һеͨȻ䲻⡣
ã
ҹδһͷһ߿ʼԼԼϣҹδͷһһߡʱﱻöأûпҹδ롣ǵ׵Чʧȥ֮ôû̧ͷ죬ҹδѾһƽԼӡϡ
ҵҹδͽһҲŵһȻаգҲ³⣬Ͼҹδֻ˵أһû
ˣ
һһԽԽſڵһˡʱҹδѾ֪˳ɹǰͷͷҹδơ
һҸоԼƵġ
ǵȻľҲࡣصľԼŸӦû⡣
һ취Լࡣ
ʲô취
취ҲȷһڷʦĴ˵Ϊģڷܹ飬ͿԼЩ塣ܹԼܶܶࡣ
飿ô룿
֪һҡͷҲһǹ룬Ҳ֪
ҹδҲɷһۣǿʡ
ˣҳȥˡ
ҹδһӷڳ
һ˺صҹδӵվ͸ŵЩʿͷɽȥʱеԱѾߣʬҲɽҰĶʬ塣
Щʬ彫ᱻߣΪԴֻǴʱûȥգڵȴʿȥЩʬ塣
ҹδʱľѾƽһοսĳôĿȺɨҪѰǿܹǾ͸ˣԼʷ顣ЩԥԼǷҪ¶ԼѾ顣
ʲô
ͻȻ˾Ǿϡҹδ뼱æתȥԭȻЩսʱȴ̧ͷ죬һŴ̫
ô¶
ֽĿɽ£϶βס𾪡
ɽлڻۣǴЩ۵Ļǵĸо
˵ǻֻһָоʵϼ͸ģֻΪ۵̫࣬һ˿˿ɫҹδʱһ۾ϳЩǹꡣ
ЩĻǣ
ΪķھУ
ֻ֮ǰЩ꣬ʱȴһ˿˿Ρ
Ϊʲôˣ
ҹδЩãȻĿĴѰ۾һǿ㼱æǱ߼ȥǿߣ
ִ£
ǿüͷɽ£˻תͷҹδ룬¶һ˿Цݣü
ִ£Щʲô
Ĺ꣡
Ϊʲô
Ϊʿ
ʿҹδ뿴һһȺȺķʿɻǲٳЩ𣿡
ǳȵֻĻǣ塣
⡭֣
Ȼʿͨ˵ǲԵǣһɱĻǡھɱǵķ𾭡
˭˵ֻȱҲֶΡ


209 
˺̫ˣǷж˽֮ŭ
ĻȻľɢڻֵۣ꾭ǻ۵һ̶ȣҪˡ
ҹδһη
ãǿʼˣ
ҹδ뼱æȥɽµĻͬˮһˣ纣Хһɽ˹
еӺγײɽ³Ļ곱ǻ곱ͬ͸ͱһ㣬赲ڽ紦ײڣɢ
ǡ
ܿ죬ǻ곱ʼƽʿбһ˿˿ˡ
ִ£Ҫˣô죿
ǿʱҲһĽţʱǻ곱ɽѾһףЩʿҲʼǲˣһˣ곱ͻḲǹ֪ʿ
ҹۣɽǿͬʱҹδ롣
ҹδʱȴ˲һõͷЩǿ»ʿʶ㲻ܶᣬ˳֮£ҲһĻǳضúܶʿ
У

ԺлڸոգԼոմɽܵɽһοսԼ
Բ

ԣ

ҹδ뿪ʼǰһ߼һߺףͷʿæзʦҪԷ
䣬Ѿʼڵ
Ŀ
ꡭ䡭
ִӿн䣬ĻϣĵطǻͰһ˿
ʱȺУһǰһͷҹδ룬жҹδ˳ݡ
ǿȻӦ˹ʱʿҲӦ˹ûԵʿҲ׷ŷڵĻͷԼĽ
һââǹâȵȣиֵŻ곱ȥȻԶԻ곱˺Ǽܲס󰡡ͬʱʦҲԼϵķʲôŻ곱ͷš
ʿиӺҹδɨսַʿжԻ곱˺ԵķͷȻĹͷ
䡭
ҹδһͷһĿĹˣɫ
ʱɽϵʿʵƽеĵطʵǿеĵطʵʵǿĵط㽫곱סʵĵط곱ɽֻһߡ
ˣ
ҹδ뿴мط곱ɽûʿ
䡭
мʿӿз˹뻹ԶǷ˹һƱ㽫˻ɽĻ곱˻ȥôĻ곱ҷ
ˣ
ҹδЩű곱ǵʿ˹ȥ֪ôȣΪ֮ǰչĹ꣬һִ
Щˣֻз
ʱѾ˲ԼķˡҴҼԾһѾӲ˫ĿѾʧʿǰһ߼һߺ
зķʦˣ
Ȼ㽫Ǹ˵ͷһһΪӰӱ˽ȥǸʿҹδһʿȥ
ˡ
ӵзʿһ˷ʼˣһʿָһǱһ
һƱ㽫곱ȥǷ٣ʱҲ÷ˡĿȴ𾪵ҹδ롣
ȻѾˣ
һ㣡
ԣٵ˫ĿȻ󣺡ǿ
ҹδڵķǿĵ̺ǿΪڵȻܹ
Ƿͼ
Ҳԣ
ƺǷͼҪǿ
ˡ
ջĿ⣬ŴԼķһӾʮʿȻĹսɱ
ˡ
ķʦҲˣҹδüëһԭ㳢ԽȻЩʿ
䡭
ЩʿڵĹ걻ȡҹδȻ󲻶ϵͷЩ꣬ͬʱһҲ幥꣬ҹδһӳȡ̫ˣЩҹδķڱˣԷһ˿вҲķЩ޵Ĺ겻һӶҵıԵȥһʦʱѾˡ
У
ܲܺܿ꣬Ҫķһɫأһ߹꣬һߴ󺰡
ҹδʱҲɫ䣬˵ˣĿǰڵЩ꣬޴鷳
ԣ
ǣûдĴУǿʦСҹδĿĹˣ˾ԼԶǿ۾һ
ִ£дĴ𣿡


210 ҹѾǷˣ
ǿûʱȥҹδҪʲôӹһȻвŹһ£һҹδ룬㿴ҹδƺѧЩв𶯡
ĥǹ
ѧû𣿡
Դｫͷ˦ȥﻹʱЩٴͶ뵽Щʿ֮С
ʱҹδѾ˴ĴУһ뵽ռ䣬ʼϵ
һظһʧܡ
ϾǷڼķһǸ߼ڼķҹδʱѾһƷʦĵӡˣҹδҲǧ顣
ΪʲôҪôã
ΪҹδռڣʱǾֹġǵҹδռڳʱͻҹδҪٶȹ粻ʱ䡣Ҫﵽĳ̶ȡ
ΪÿһϢʱ䣬Ϣʱ䣬бʿ
ҹδռڳ˻ֺиֵͷĺ̿ʼȡߣٵڷĵһ֯ʮϢʱ䡣
ɣ
䡭
ȻܹȵģִһӾͽһûɢϣڵڷٵؼ١ҹδһصʱѾ۲Χ
̫ɢˣ
ʿ̫ɢˣ˱Ӱ˾ԮЧʡʱɲл곱ͻĳһķûʿ
䡭
ҹδ˷ڵһ꣬һ϶ʿȥЩʿʱ彩ӲΪںڵĹҹδ뿴˲ٵΪ͵ʿǰﲻ곱æΪȥǱ곱ûķݶʱãȻվսʿæȴ޴롣ҹδһǴ󺰣
æܹʿеʦ
Щʿһ㣬̶̶һ壬彩ӲʿһͷŷʿȫܹȥȻȥЩ彩Ӳʿ
ֳһ˿οһɽ£üͷֽ
곱̫ˣʵⳡս̫ˡ
һ֣һӴָȡɽ£һķΧһ塣
䡭
ܹʿ϶ܹһãһʦʼһ߾ʿһ߼ԼķҹδҲϵشԼĴȡɽ¡ĴУǷʦķֻĴʦЧ˾Ͳ˺ܶࡣ
ҹʦ
ʱЩ彩Ӳʿɿذ˵ҹδǰҹδЩʿĿǣ˲ͽЩʿڵ˷ȻƵƵһֻֻ޹ɢ
ʱѾòһˣԶԶعۿϳ˸̾
Ȼܹô̵ʱھ͹Ƿ֮
üͷʱЩ걻ûɢɢڷ֮ڡڵԽԽˣҹδ벻ϵսֲ꣬ϵؽǺûɢڵѾŨÿʼɫ͸γ˻ɫγ˻ɫơ
һһڣһˬҲһˬЩźǿЧ
硣
ҹδʱѾӦ֣ϵǽ뵽ڣôǺ飬ͬʱϵؽеķӳȥ
ţ
ҹδĨһգеķѾùˡ
ʦһ˷
Ҳ֪Ūһʯ壬ʯϷŷֽʺͷīɽ»˷ʱеķֽͷīڷҹδһֱӷ뵽ҹδ봢еķֲ˶ã׼
ҹδصͷ۾ҹδץ˷ʾͿʼһʣʼһɽ¼ɶȥ
䡭
Ȼ䣬ɢ
ΧʿɺȻǴжô˲вٷʦӳؼҹδ밡
ܹѾЩʿԾˣȻַ֣ҹδʿٶȲЩ͸ԾˡҹδһĶãڿʼһ߾ʿһ߻ˡ
ǿǷڼķ
ҹѾǷˣ
ҹδȴȫԼУһ߾Σһ߻Ȼͷųȥ
ʶڵľѸٵĿݽߣҹδ̴ռڳȡҺ徫ľκͻһֱڸ֮С
ֻ֮ǰ޸Ѿ˴ռڵľҺ徫Ѿʣˡ


211 ٵŭ
ʵϣʱҹδһ߾Щֵʿһ߻ķʦҲˣΪƷùˡ
ٴʱҹδһһ߾ʿһ߻ŷĿɲǴÿһŷȥдƬûɢ
ַֻҲвЩ̾Լһֱͣ۷壬ûͻƵԼͻƷӦøӵӦ֣ῼǾġ
֮ǰվսĵһߣϵģǾϵģҪҹδǴˡʱȻоԼļЩʹĹ޵ĺ֢
һʱٷûзֽˣ߸Լֵѧͽȵ
ֽأ
ûˣѧͽŵɫˡ
ȥãȥⷿãѿⷿڵķַֽʦ
˶ܿⷿڵķַֽÿһʦÿһʦٴͶ뵽æµ֮С
ͳ˧
ɽͳ˧֮һǧһߣǸǷɽͳ˧ƴʦʱƴʦԣвֻͣתĿǧ
ԣЧ󰡣
ƴʦͷʵͿˡɱıЩеαԵͷʿĹЧܲ
ҪҪ
ƴʦ΢΢һüͷҡҡͷǧ̾Ϣһͷŵֻ꣬ԣȻǿǶ˺Ժ͹ƴʦԶ
̧ͷһɽ£ٵͷָķֽĿɨʦҹδƷٶȣв¶һ˿͡
ۼֿ찡

Ѿÿˣ
ȻɫһΪЩֽЩһѵʶҪλ곱ûʱ䣬ǰЩֽҲֻһ΢һ㡣û㹻ķֽû˷ʦչܵĻᡣֻЩУʿ˵곱ˣ·ᱻ곱û
Źƴʦȥ
ŵվҹδߣҹδ뻭ٶ̫ˣҪҹδʼһͷųȥͬʱ̽µķֽҹδ̺ã޷νӣΪҹδʡһЩʱ䡣
ԱߵʿҲҹδٶȡ
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ʱѾ˹ƴʦԣֱضŹƣ۾дѪ˿
ֽ
һӾˣɫҲһֻĿûֹͣУֻĿʾ⣬Ҳ˹Ŀĺ壺
ֻܼһ죡û˷Ǹλ곱
ԭͽŵʿٵĻɫһ䣬ձѹֹ֡ͣУҸʲôɽ¿ⷿķֽѵõŭ𣬺зйŲ
һԵǧûмƷŭһǵõɮģһŭŽգжһ
ˣǲֱضŹơ
㶢ңʲô취
ͳ˧Ĳ˭Ҳͳ˧ҪΪһиɽ˶ʿҪЩʿú֪û˷ֽ곱᳹ûʿ
ʿ̫ˣ
ٵг˱ʹһ˫۾еѪ˿ø
ǿѡѾסɽ塣
ƨתǧ磬ĭӶ絽ϣͳ˧ǰ׳
ôģ
֪ǳ˵ĺ
ᱻ곱ûһеĹ⣬׸Ǻ塣

һƬ֮أǹҲȥ
ҪĲǺռڣҪǳװϻӦôĵط
ңƬ֮أ壿
õʱش壬ֻҪǳʤ׷пܳ׻塣
Ҫˣ
ǸĻ𣿡
ǧſڣȴ޷
ƵɫҲʮѿΪɽͳ˧Ȼ֪ɽҪԣҲȻ֪ڵʱжҪΪ֮أһеƶΪС
취ֱ٣Ҫǽ취
󷽣󷽷зֽǾ̫ԶҪһʱ㽫ÿⷿеķֽ
ܹﵽٶȺֻ㣡
ٲ˵ֻ۾ֱضŹơ
ȥ
ʮֹϣվΣһ̤շź󷽷ȥֻգ֮ʧӰ


212 
ٴ󲽻صԼλãٴοʼʿͻ
ɽֿʼŵæµ
ʿʦʿƷΪߵʿͷŵΪ͵ʿʦͰ˱ֵʿ
ʱܿȥҹδռڵľѾһգʶڵľҲһա
ѾʼЩ
ʱ̫ˣѾзʦʼεˡ
ͨ
ߵһʦεˣһεתͷһۣȴǷ͸֧ˡ
һΪ͵ʿ̴˷λãҹδ˦˦ԴʱоԼԴһʵĵĴʯͷҪǰѾʼЩ֪ԼľѾʼ͸֧ˡ
Լֲ˶ˣ
̧ͷȥ㱼俴忪ʼռϷ硣
꣬ʵޡοǸոûлʱ֮Ը鷳ֻΪ̫ԵʡʿرǴʿԴԴϵظס˻곱ĳǻ곱ѾʼرǳѾûл곱ûʿ鷢ˡ

ҹδ³һǿԼһЩһģԵǸͽʿæַסʹգգۣɽȥҪٴȷ곱ˣ˲ܹĵιȥ
ţ
ҹδɫһ󳪺භĽ紦ڷȻ󳪣ʿĵ飬һ͸ԭǿģȴΪ󳪺͵˲һӾŤҹδ뿴

ԣ
ҹδϸȥʿĵͷͷţܹĻǣȴ޷͸һּΪĻɫڲϵɢСֻ֮󣬲ܹ͸
ҹδоЩϤ
Щ񵱳Լδʱ⵹֮ǰЩӢ̲ص
ЩҹδܽΪս߾ھɽһҡҹδܹ۲úҵĻǱ֮󳪣ǷʿĵٶЧһɽӣû󳪵ʿû˷ʦͷŵʿҲûҹδ롣
ȻһϵҪΧǲ͸ļħʶ
һʿ̽ԪԼߵ͸ҹδҲֻкԥ
Ӧܹհɣ
ȷʵǺӢ񰡣ûܹӰ찡
ҹδһ£оԼǸӻˡԼһĽ
δ룬δ룬ϽͷŴ̫ˣġ
ԶԼԼȴҹδųһ亹Ųֱιȥһ΢ѣһ͸ˡ
УҲιȥ
ΧԼΧϤ
ˣռӦÿԵģ
ռ䡣
ʶڡ
黺תҹδΧ͸ͬһӿ壬ռգȻռ۳һεҺ塣
ҹδ̵һξҺ뵽ʶҺ̿ʼӷγʶڵľҹδǾһǲٻ㱣˫ĿҲ
ûУ
û
ռ佫ļĨȥˣ
ҹδдϲֵ˼ҺռͶŵʶڡʶھһӱɫ˼֡
ѵͬʱҲо˷ľ𶯣űơһۣɫһ䣬̫꣬ڷĵһ㣬ֱһںŷ
䡭
ҹδ뼱æʼܼͷŴһܼĴһֻֻɢڵӵŨѾʼЩֲָҽس
ҹδģսʱԽȫͷųȥ
ڽΣͬʱҹδֿʼˡ
Ǹҹδʿɵˡ
ô¶
ղҹۻһҪ赹ģôһ־ˣ
ȴЩ͸ͬһӿҹδڣռ䲻ϵգ飬ĨȥľҺ塣
ѾɺԵľռڳ֣ܿγһ̶ˮһСȻСŴչ
ҹδȴȫ֪ռھı仯ľ˾ʿͻϡ
ֻεʿԽԽ٣ϾռϷ磬곱ѾٸʿˡԼʱҹδڷûҪεʿˡڷڵЩҲôˡҲһĶˣרĵĻ
֪ǣĵһڷű仯仯Щ


213 ս
ʱǽһԾǰı仯
ǷǵĽ£зǽ˸Źâ
ҹδıж£ҹδ˵ڶûиȴظоԲǵһԣƺ·ȫԡ
ǲȫԲ֪ҹδʱעעͻ֪ԣҲռҹδҲûиǿȷǣҲԡ
ʱͷϳһռ䣬һɭɭĿռ䣬˸о·ǹһ㡣
γһеԭǱͷ˸ЩĹâЩâԵķЩӳһռ䣬ͷųһĵֵֺͷڵŨศɣγһһֺӦ
ʼԭĿռ䶼˻ɫŨֲָŨһܹΧĻ֮෴ǣµ忪ʼŨɫ³سصģֻǳ䡣ڼռӾӵ
ٿʼƵƵգһʱҪȥˡֲֽ˶ˡιƴʦ
۾һһӰ߼ٵطȻɽ
ˡ
ƴʦ˫أλǰ˼ɼʿĵʲô̶ȣɫ԰ףһصݸһָ

ٽӹ˴ָֿϢǡ
ã
ƴʦҲû˿һƨڵϣµҩ㿪ʼ˹ϢٴӴָȡһЩֽȻ󽫴ָݸһʿ
ȥ
ǣ
Ǹʿæ˴ָʼֽ͵һʦĸǰ
ڶ졣
ʿʼɽʼƽ곱
ʱ룬ڽ곱
һʿ˲䶼̱ڵϣҹδҲ⡣ǾĹ󣬶Ĺھ˯һǼվλƵɽȥʱҲȵ
һɽǱߵӪûвμսĵͽʿʼɨս

ҹδ۾Լڲݵϣƫͷ㿴Լ˯㣬˱صʿϡ
ҹδ뷭һ죬۵ķ·ԼġشӵȻСţ˰˵ķ϶ǱСɽ£ɽȥ
ɽвʿ䱸ֻЩʿӣȫûƣ͵ģ
ҹδɽȥɽµʬѾˣֻɽ嶼ѪɫģлѪȵζ
ɽϵʿҲҹδ룬ҹδͷ棬ͷˣϵ·ͰͣһСࡣܹҹδ͡ȻԴҹδ޸֮󣬿ʼ·Ҳһߣ۵ôҲڲزס
ôһŮ˵μսЩʿǲŵġҲЩں͸һʿ㶺ҹδ룺
СãҲμսˣ
ҹδ룬Լ治ǲμսսʱֻɽ޸ƷսˣԼŵɽ곱ʱԼҲǾΣȻҲƷͷŷЩ㡣
㡭ǲμ˰ɣ
ҹδôʵЩʿЦǸҹδ룺͸˵˵ûбſޣ
ſޣҹδ벻ˣȻûвμӺսȴҲμ˻곱սɱ˲ء
ӴôǸʿһĿţɱ˶٣ûһ
۹
ΧʿЦ̱ͣ߹һʿҹδ۾һæǸȥ

ҹ۰ٵϻһЩƣʱȴ죬ҹδЦЦ
ֻǰԵÿν㣬оڽһ
ҹۣͻȻ֮ǰǸҹδ꾪һ
ž̧ͷǸԴһƣΪûղŶ˵ʲô
ʿһӣƤЦҹۣ
ٰȻٴǸ꣬ߵҹδߵߣ
ãҹδתٲУǵһȻҹδȻЩʲôץץԴ
ҳˣ
㵱Ȼˣһʮķڣôܲ
һǷڣҹδ벻˼ڵķҾܹһ֣


214 
ǶС£㶼ˡǷڡ
ҹδͷҲǣΪѵһؾǹڷֻʱˡҲֳϲɫܣһӵʿֲɾɥ
ҵΪ̫ˡҡ㿴ǣָôã
ǲǻָúãٺЦؿҹδһۣǸոյﲻõʿǴӺ󷽸
Ŷҹδˡ
һи󷽸ʿѾˡ
Σ
΢Цؿҹδ룺һᣬһ󷴹Ļᡣɽһս˵ļսתʤѾбԣ󷽸ʿԭŲμӷɽģȻ˽ܶʿֻϢһ죬Ѿˡ
һսǿʤ⡣С
ɫҹδǳ飬Ҳ֪ˡò˶ãǾͻȪһ
ģҹδȻס˽Ųһϲ١
ٵֳΣ⺢ҲǣôԼǳˣθᣬȪҲͻƵ۷塣Ҫ֪ȪҪ۵ģʮܹ㹻ʿ´οаʱ䡣ӦڰȪʮڣΪˡȪط棬ֻǶԵһʹЧãԺٽȥЧԽԽûʲôˡҲ˵ҲΪһֱͣڿˡ
ҹδҲЩڣǼȻѾˣٺҲûˡ˦˦ͷͷ·˦һߣֿ
۷ҲˣҺ⣡
¶οһľѵŮӡ
Ե޹Ȫ󣡡
й׵㣬˺ܶ࡭

Ŷ
ɽս˹ף̫Ĺױ࣬ԲΪɽ֮ս͸һչأù׵һĹ׵ҲԲԣҪĹס
Ҫʲô
ҿķƺڲͬȻͲеһͼ񣬵вͬ
ţҹδͷҲ֪Ϊʲôҹһ͹ͼͬķҾǾõʱַѵҵķ⣿
ȻʧЦķû⣬㡣
ңҹδֳȣа֪ռ˰ɣ
ٵгͣһţʷϣž콾ֵġܹȱĻϣøߵ򡣷ҲԽԽǿЩ콾̫ĵ̡
ҹδŴͣ㡭˵Ҳǡ־콾
ԣɫ棺㲻߱־콾ʣӵо콾Ʒԡ֮ǰܹϵظ֤Ǿ콾㻹Щķԥؽ壬ḻ̣Ǿ콾Ʒԡ
ԣ㲻ܾķһͼɣ
Ȼᣡ
ҹδ̵ͷĲ⣬Ȼʷôʿܹ˽ǵĴУҹδΪʲôԣ
رǾɽ֮սףһܹԻͺ˥ܵģһȺ˵˽ײ಻
ʷȱµĵ̣Ĵ˽ع׳ؼУʿϰĬĬŵʿԼҲΪ壬ٸں͹ƺ𣬶Ҳԥرȡطֽ
һеһУֻ֤Žǿ壡
ϸͣȻķףֻһȪ㻹ʲôҪ󣿡
ҹδץץԴ뵽Ĵ񹦱Լֻǿһ֣
ҿԵõĴ񹦱ƪҲ֪ǳĴ񹦱УܷҳһԼ·
ҪںĴ񹦱䣬һǳ
ţ
̾Ϣһ̫ˣ
֪ҪԡҲûб·ߣ
˼һ£ͷȻĹҪһӵõĴ񹦱Щǿȥͳ˧˵Ӧû⡣
л
ٰڰ֣ȻĹ׵ǻ˲٣ǰΪ˵õһȪѾӵˣ׼ôЩ׵㣿
ҹδҲһֳһ˿ãȻһֱΪǸȪŬĿѾʵˣһӲ֪Щ׵ˡ


215 һı仯
Ĵ񹦱ҲõˣҪԼĹ׵㣬ԼЩ׵õĴ񹦱ҲԴƺԼڲҪѾڼķѾѿšֽͷī֮ģöṩзʦƺûлѹ׵ĵط
Ŀٵָϣ۾һЩ׵㹻һһָ𣿡
ȻٵͷָҲдС֣֮Ĺ׵ҵӦÿԶһһȽϴĴָȻҲԶһһСģȻٶһһЩԴ
ҾͶһһԴġ
ҹδ˵֪ǸʱǼΪϡȱûм

û˵ָ⻹ʱſġ
Ŀռ̫СˣλᣬԺͲˡ
Уٵͷɽһָȥ
ţ
תɽȥҹδվɽɽѪأȴǼԼлῪˡһԼܾͻһԾ
һʯϣҹδʶ뵽Լʶ
ʶڣ
صʶ޼ʣΪ档ֻǾɫ״̬ûлҹδʱѾСˣ֪ҪҪԼŶ;֮
Ʈʶڣŷʮ룬ͬһ貵Ǻӡʮ룬ҹδ뻹һûжùҲûп̻ƣôһֱʶѾһ˿˿ͬơ
ͬʲô

ҹδľôһֱ룬ΪЩ뱻ͬҹδܹЩָʹʹǾͬʹԼľһ㣬һ㱬ǿܡ
ȻڻûдﵽЧȴѾ˳Ч
ʲôǿͷѡһɹ˿ͷࡣ
ЩҲˣ
˲ϵ֮ڿʼһ˿ͬһ˿֮ٶȿ˺ܶ࣬ҹδԽԽԼЩƿرǿ
ڷ֮ϣ鸡
ҹδǽ뵽ռ䣬ɫһ˽ǵ𾪣ͣ
һȫҺ徫γɵĴ֮ǰҪٱ
ˡ
ЩҺ徫ͿԷʳϰˣò˶ãͿԳΪһķˡ
ϲõ飬ҹδ뵽ȻһĴ㵺ã
ĵһ㣬Ӿûлȴһɭɭĸо
ɭ
ҹδʱڷһ㣬ֻʶоһֳǵ䡣̧ͷһŷ˸Ĺâоûůͷ
ţ
ҹδɫһ㣬ԭһԱΪǿԿϵķƵģȴˣĿǰɫĴأڱ˱
ҹδ˲ȣоµĴΪһȣ΢΢
ǡ
ץһѰɫͬճָк¡
Ũɡһһһһ¹˹
ȥŨɣҹδЩţģһЩͷųȥ
ҪһȻڣȻ󿴵ҹδԻı飬ƽһ¿ڵЩҺźܴĺôǽرǿ

һ̧ͷһۿеЩܹЩԣǾ͸ˡ
ԣ
ҹδ룬оĵǡǡ˹⣿
һЦһ㶼ˣҲսֻԵںƽʱڣҪŪôһռ䶼ܡؼкôҪҵִɢ
ûô룡ҹδҡͷ
Ҳûкô
ʲôô
㽫ֻһ㣬ڶˡÿһûбҪȫͬһͺص㡣ؼԺ꣬û飬ܹŸֻ£˵㽫ָ꣬ûǳ졣ǻŵʱʵǲ͡ڣ¹Ҳ൱ڿڡ൱ʵ͸˲ˣھ൱Ԫľ硣ȵȫָػΪ
ҹδĶˣ˾罣һԣķֲֹһ㣬ͷ
ãɢȥЩ
ҹδ㿪ʼֽЩջ˴ڷڼķҶſƣҹδԼһһֶܹΣĲ


216 
ӵһ뿪˷ĵڶ㣬ůˡҹδҲĵڶֽˣԼѧ˷ڼķԼһ֯ڼķ
ʶڳѾʱ֡ҹδɽҲ˹ҹδ룬̸˵ػ
ʦȥ
ȥɽߣˣ׼ô׼ˣ㹹ɡ
׼ˣ
УһЩ飬ٱչعΪ㻤
ллʦ
ҹδͷ뿪Ⱥȥһ˵ĺϴһ裬ҹδӴȡϴ·ϣָ˷һ׻ϣ˲ŻصӪء̫࣬Ҳûз䣬¶ڵϡҹδĥҪһطչأܲڴ֮ͥ¹ܲøš
ա
ҹδŷŴȥ߽ҹδһ㣬Ȼæʩ
ھȻŶʮˣͳ˧ƺͳ˧ڣǿҲڣҪһЩҹδ벻ʶģǶܹǵϸоѹͬһȰҹδҹδʲô͸ϽŸʲô
ٿҹδĽţһЦݸҹδһָ
ţ㡣滹װĴ񹦱ͷڼȫУϣܹѷڼķҲһ¡
лҹδӹ˴ָϲǽ˲١
ֽҹδ벻ʶ˸һ顣
룡
ǶŹĴ
ܵһʿŨʡ
ҹۣλǻʥƽܶͼǳƽʥ֣㽫ɡ
ǣ
ˡ
һҹδͷɢŹԭʼϢ
˵Ŀⲻɶҹδķϣع۲죬ȻһǸƽʥȴѾʼˡ
һԪζ
ţУֻЩ͸
㶼͸ɼҹܸ߼
ٿڵǲǧѾ˹ɹķͼ
Ƿ
ԣٵͷǺǷҹۺ˵ֻڹʱ򣬰ԼģҾѾԽǣһ˿ԪӰӡ
ǰҲôΪҹۻŰǧûܹǷû뵽ȴǷһ㡣
Ǿ콾𣿡
֮ң
ԣ

һͼͶ幱׼ڽܹи˹ַֻԽԽǿ
Щһ߽һҹδĿͣһ˿мΪδм
ʱ죬ƽʥŽͼһ֮ƽͻ˹ȥ̱ʦΡҹδڵ˶Χ˹ۿǷͼҹδ뿴һۣҲ͡
û뵽ռ䣬Ȼ˰ķӵԭҹδ룬һ۾ܹͼֻǻɷζѾ㹻𾪵ˣԼöԼķ˽ûгɣƽȴܹɡ
ǻʥ
ҹδ벻ɸ̾
Ҳڸ̾˴Լӣ㽫ͼȻҹδ뿪ΪЩҪʼˡ
ҹδ뿪˴Щ˼ڷͻȻһ£ǾԼʱôãҽԼиķ˷ãԼķûˡǣΪʲôԼǸʱûмЩķ
ԼֻʱеһʱվԭĹ켣
˵ɽս֮־һɽҪҵսۣʹԼЩб٣
˵
ҹδз䣬ͬľð뷨
˵ʵϾһڣûʲôʱ⵹һжΪһжԼĻ
ǡ
ҹδʶ뵽ʶֽ뵽Ȼָ֪һԼͨڵΪ
ǡʵ
ҹδЩ㱣һֱл㱵ǰߡ
ʦ
ͻȻſĵʦôˣ
ûʲô
ҹδҡҡͷһҪҪıȻǵһԣȴǶġҹδԷľ϶ԼӦҸطչء
ҹδָ״̬ô
ǳã϶صͷ
ǺãȥҸط
ҹδͷŴȥȻֻص˴ǰֻǴʱŽգĻҹδ룬
ҹڡ


217 Լ
еʿΪҹδǷڣˣǷʲô
кηԸ
ͳ˧
Եȣ
ȥʾˣܿҹ룡
лл
ҹδŴȥʿϸֳһĨ˼ҹڣʶߣ
ҵл
ֲ˼ôǷˣ
ҹδһţ˵Ŀʩͳ˧ҵĵҪչعһӡ
ô¶
˶һ㣬ô¶һȺоĴ£
һɫ΢΢ЩÿҹδĳɾҹδδЩоͷˡʱͻȻһ
ĵҪʲô

һЩеһ˿òˡЩвٲǷʦǵΪﻹ֪ڶеĶ
ܹɹֱģһܲ˵ġҾ߱ŴڷĻ
ֵڴ˰
ⳡսľӢ̫࣬ȱʲô
˲ţ
رܹлԻδ˲š
λϵĹƴʦҲ¶˴Цݣû뵽ҹԼһ콾ԼĵҲһ콾ȥ˵͵ԱߵƫչأΪǻ
лͳ˧
ҹδ˳˴ȻŷǸƫ÷ʼ״̬ӴȡһƿŴռȡһЩҺ徫һƿҺ徫㹻
һռڵһξͳʶڣҹδȴԼ޷ǵξʶڵǵξһʮֿٵٶȻӷ
ҹδ벻üͷûҺ徫϶ܳɹԼù׵һһЩԪ񵤣δܹ֤ɹΪԪ񵤵ЧռڵҺ徫̫Զһʡ
ô죿
ˣ
ҹδһִռڳȡһЩҺ徫ЩҺ徫ոմռڽ뵽ʶҹδʹЩҺ徫ս˷ĵڶ㡣
ȻЧ
ҹδϲ
ǿװģҷԼʶ֮⡣ˣһж⡣
ˡ
ҹδ˷Ȼеƿս˷ڣֿƷҺ徫ƿڣֽƿУջ˷еƿݸ˷
ţоõʱ򣬾ͺһڡ
ǣ
ӹǸƿûд򿪿һۣʮԼʦһ㿪ʼ֯
ϥƫ룬ҹδǰǸʿǰҹδԡ
ҹδϥЩ˼ַ֮ǰĿ־塣
ʱ⵹ǲǼ
ԼӷҲԼĻ룿
ʵԼڴʲô
᲻Σգ
ʵԼ᲻Ѿ
ҹδǸʿͻȻ̧һֱµҹδ룬ֳ֮ɫ
һоҹδϢΪȶЩá·ʱЩ͸ҹδ롣
·ҹδԼܽǺԼսսѡеزУַ·ҹδһӰԲ֪ĸʱͶӰ
ô᣿
ǸʿܹΪǲͣһ۶ĴʿҹδǰȴһֺУõĸо
Ϊʲôˣ
ҹڡ̲סضҹδᣬ´ŵڹķ
ǣҹδûзӦ·û
ʿߣҹδĶУҶڣ
ҹδȻѣŶǸʿôˣ
ֻȻתף˷ΪǷˡ£һԻؿʿֳһ˿֣㺰ôʲô˷ô죿
ҹδɫʿȻ֪ԭ򣬱һߣͽҹδһֱ䣺
ҹڣõġߣĵ
Ŷ
ҹδһɣȻֳ˼ԼִˡԼߣôͶԷ
ԷԼһ¶ɣ
ʱ򣬶Է͵ĶУҶ
ҹδϽ˵㺰ң¶𣿡
ղôˣ
ôˣ
㷽š״̬֣ҵ۾ܹڣȴڸоϣ־һڣһڡ
һ˵һʿڶʱ򣬱˵۾ؿĴڣڸоֲڣΪǸѾΪһ壬۾ܹоȴǸо
ǣֲ״һܸоһָо
ҹδͷѵ뿪ķʽ


218 
ʱ⵹ǻþⶼ뿪ķʽ
ҹδ۾Իص״̬ȴôҲز״̬Ŭسţ֪ȥ˶ãε۾ɫЩʧ䡣
ҹδ飬ǸʿѾˣҹδҲز״̬ˡвҲҹδ뷽žû֮䣬ԼҲܹˡ
磬ϱ˵Ķͬɱ˸ĸˡ
Բ𣡡ɬشҹδ롣
ҹδиûжԷ뷨ô࣬ҡҡͷԷɸ̾Ƕôػ
ԼԼô׵ԭ´Լ
ܣ
ҹδĿһ˿ݡ
ҹδתͷ˷Ϊоˣɱ۾ֻǴǸƿһڡ
ҹδһЩȻԼҲ״̬ǿһھҺ壬֪ûг⡣
ʱǸʿлߵҹڣֻҪ£ʱңҽذۣʲô飬ذ۷ǣǡ
ҹδɫһ㣬ô˵ôصĻˣ
Ҳûжʲô¶ôˣ
ҹδڵЩҲ˵οŷ
ûעŷذҲΪ˻
ɫڲ֪кҹδƤͻȻһоڵķͻȻһЩ̧ȥһ˿˿к˽Ȼӿ˷ڡ
⡭
ҹδվذҲľվҹδΪʦף͸ˡ
ҹδ뻷ķȻ˼ƫĴǰƿ˴ţȻ𾪵س͡
ʱڸĴڣһڴлƶһƲߡȻ䣬ͣȻһ˴ǰƿ˴š
⡣
һµҹգԭӦڵҹգʱһ˿˿ߣһڴжĿ¶΢΢𾪣ȻΪʲô󣬵ȴƶŲʲôĽ
ǣһڴУƫڵҹδذ۵ȴԽԽ
һ˿˿߻ƫϿ
ҹδ룬ذۺһڴвɴ߳ȻƫϿȥһ˿˿ͬһ㣬ԽԽ࣬ΧƫϿγһС
Ѿصˣһ̧ͷһС
ҹδĿⲻ͸Ĵţϥ뷽ϡ
Ūɣ
ͬʱЩеĿҲ˳Ĵţ˷ϡһڴУƶҹδԣƴʦ
Ǹӣ
ǣҹδЩеصͷ
ǻ
ҹδٶȵͷЩԥҸˣ
ˣһڴж֪˵ʲôõĿҹδ롣
ô׸
΢Щ죬ͻʿɲͨķǱǹʿʶڵı
ҲҸ
һڴɫأٴʱжŭˡ
ܻܿΪδĴڣôһӣͱôˣ
ѹͺҹۣ֪֪ٵһ콾
ᰡҹδҡͷ㿴Ǻúõ𣿡
һڴеɫһ͡

Ȼ֪ʶڵıûгɹȴܹڵɫƽ˵Ϊֹûг⡣
һ£Ҳüҹδˣֳֻĵǡ

ͻȻ˵Ŀ㶼ƫڵķתƵƫϿգǻпʼ˱仯仯Ѹ٣ֻǲʮϢʱ䣬ǻоͻһֻĻǻ·壬͸ƫķϥƫϵķȥȻ˷ڡ
еʧջָ˺ڰ
ǡǡټ촽ڶ£󣡡
Ȼתͷҹδ룺ǻ
ǣҹδͷ
ˣ
ţ
ǡһļıӦѾܳƺΪˡ
ʲô
泱죺ͩ÷ҲʲôҿƲ⣬ıһֹһƣӦûһơĻ˵ܹͻƷʸ񡣡
𣿡һ£ƶˡ
һ˴ʱҶˣ¾ŵֻǻĿⶼŴڵķ
ҹδǳ鴤һ¡
ôأ


219 
ҹʱ򣬶ûгôʱ򣬾أ
ѵǸҵ
ܰ
ǸܹģԼıһкܶطԻıܱҵ
ǣΪʲôûУ
ѵΪҵı̫豹棬Բû
ԣ
һ
Լı
ʱϥƫ֮ڵķ۾һ˫пٵһӰʧ
ա
˷ܵ˳ֱҹδ룬Ծŵʦҳɹˣҳɹˡ
ҹδ¶ʦЦݣ֪ˣ֪ˣϲ㡣
λˣʲôٶŷ
ȵһһӶҹδС
ҽС
ҹδ뽫Լ˳£ʲôʹʲôԼܣԲش𡣡
õҹδ֧֣һӾ;еˣֱͦظ١Ȼˣҹδ߿˿
ʶԼŵСѣٱúͰǸŻ֮⣬Żƣ
һȻͷԣ
һڴĿ⽻ȻЦǹƸǸп壬ˣ
ڷû˵ʲôҪָ㣬ҹδڣŷֻһٵĵ·ϡ
ҹδܰǸı𣿷ģû㽻
û⣡
ҹδȡһհ򣬾͸ڸĻϸؼ棬Ȼݸٵ
Ҫ룬Է롣
һĹȻˣ֪ҹδѡ˻ͨҪʮġҹδʮͷЦ
û⣬ⳡսӵ˺ܶຮ޵ĲϣԸʮ뽻
л
ӣҹδÿʼƽ
ͺܶʦɽһ޸һߵȴǰߵϢһһߴڷ
ѾһķˣΪѾһٶַڼķҲܹ޸ڼķˡ
ʮѾˡʱҹδʶڣʮëĺԷ룬ͬɵǺӣΧŷ
㣬Ĺ뻹һֳܹ㡣
ڵһ㣬ͬһ⣬гһŴķһůĸоµһٶŷ㶼Էɢɭڵһ棬ǹɭɭĻɫռҲɭ䡣
нһꡣ
ڵڶ㣬ůˡ
ƮһٶԶС˵һǹĻڶ˼䡣
ڷĵһ͵ڶеķһ٣˵ķΪռ⣬ɲ˶ٷҹδķȫû⣬˵ٸǼǧû⡣ԣҹδÿ춼֯һŽһ㣬ߵڶ㡣ҸƷСзʦģдʦģзڵġ
Ȼÿɻʶڱ֯һȻռսȥҺ徫ȻռڵҺ徫ͬһ׼һЩû
ÿҲֻľֻǻĵһΣ룡
Ѿܹʮ룬һСëСëҪ֪ÿһëʮ빹ëҲǳС
Ȼڵҹδֻܹؿʮ룬ʮ빹ëǳı棬ֱһһɢźͬһֻϵСë
ȻҹδܹƸķ룬㲻ܹơֻҪʱ䣬ܹľԲĿʮ룬Ҫ֪ľǴﵽء
û㺮ÿ춼ʱһѧϰ
֮
һڽĵ̷ǳȻ㺮ҹδ룬ڶڽĵ̣û㺮Ŀܣȴɡ
ǻеĻ
Ҫ֪㺮ͨҹδͱˣ˵ͨĻĻûСԣÿ콣һڸľǽĻҹδÿ춼ʱʽ
̣㣬Ĩá
Ҳ
ϡ
ҹδŵһͨĽ˵ͨҲԣһʵطǳõĽֻûзơ
̣㣬Ĩá
ÿһʽҹδÿ춼ҪһǧΡǧΡ

ҹδһֱڼ֣𽥳ֳЧֳЧһַǳĸоȸҹδĸоǣγһּ䡣ͻȷطӦֳЧַ˱仯·ǽѾΪһ֣һ֣оΪһ塣
ǣһ⻹


220 Ȫ
ǻģǽġ
׼ȷ˵ҹδȻﵽ˺ͽΪһľ磬·Ϊͼһ֡ǹͼǻģǽģǽΪҹδ뼡һ֣һּǽӲģʲôʱܹԼļһ˵ĸоǲΪһ塣
ԣҹδÿڼⷴʽ
δδ𡭡
ˮϵص䣬ĽѾʪһƬ
Ȼ䣬оһ˿ͬ
ǽǼӲĽȴһָоǽˡһͬһ㣬ɽֱ˻Ծ
ǽÿһ΢С𶯶ͬϵļڲһ
ӷҹδ룬μɽսۣȻӽˣЩʿҪȥǰߡҹδǵġ
ߵһͣۿҹδ
ϣ
ҹδתһ̳Ժӷ塣
ӷǾһһܵͷĿһ
⡭
оԵĲһ

һȴǻĽǽĲͽĶȻһ޷ܵĸо˵ǽԼǸ֡
ϣ
ҹδƣӴ硣
ҹۣĽܴ󰡣
뵽һۣҹδҡҡͷúԶ
źҹδ룬ӷ岻ļ򣺡Ҫ̫Լ
ҹδ̾ϢһûӷҲĬʱ֪ܷȥÿҲֻͨսͿԼ˽ҹδ飬
쿪Σ
ҹδȻ̧ͷ˭սζӷܹɽսлδؾܹδսл
Է
ã

ꥣ
ӷǿˣҹδ뿴ųĶһʧҰУ̲ס̾ϢһȻֿʼԼĿ֮С
ڵķʦ֮·뵽Ĺ֮УڵʦľѾ׷ϵľ֮أ˺ܶŴﵽġûҹδ벻ܴﵽڵľ硣
ǺģԷڵͨҲǹ꣬Ȼڷһֱ꣬Ԫľ
ҹδѾ׼Ѽʮʱ䣬ˮĥԼľ߶ء

߶أǾŶ;ء
ڵľôѡδһʱ䣬ҹδͲܹﵽʶصЧΪڵľ֮ѾﵽأǷľȴûдﵽ̶ȡÿЧֱľﵽأǸʱܹ𵽶ʶĶЧ
ʱһȥҹδʱѾȥһꡣ
ĽҲܿ죬Դӹ˱֮ڷǿˣѾһƷʦˡ
һա
ҹδڷڴڷȴǿԶ
ҹۣ
ҹδ⣬ǿѾҪߵſڣϾϲ֮ɫ
ҹۣ²ҸʲôϢ
ҹδһǰЩӱȪǱߺսѿڶ
Ȫˣ
ȷǿһָȪھҪ˿ʱھ̣ü
̫ˣҹδ벻ȸԾ

Ȫ
˵ȪȷʵһȪۣȪˮγһСˮԼܹɰҡ
ȪΧĽѾսбݻ٣ˮͱ¶һƬҰ֮СǴʱȪΧǧʿܵذء˽ӽ泯Ȫ⣬䱸Χ룬Ǹˮڣʱϥһٸˡ
һٸһٸӢǹ׾޴ľӢЩ֮оҹδһ
ǽȪĵһ죬ȪЧֻһ¡
һµʱ㽫ȪʮĻһա
ʱҹδϥȪ֮Уһ
ԸȪЧ
Ȼ㿪ʼе쾭ʼھתӿڣʮѨڵҲ˳
ԭҹδ쾭սºܹͣҹδʮѨڵһֵͬҰͬ񱩵ľһӾʹս
ǡ
˵˲䣬ȪӿһⱬһӾȶҹδ⿪ʼھתС죬ʼۣ׼
ʱһȥҹδһۣеĻۺѹ£ԽԽҲԽԽȡѾ壬罬繯
Ϊҹδ֪Լǵ쾭ǳԣյ쾭ȥȥĻԲﵽǳЧҪﵽǸЧô죿


221 
ھתѹ뵽ı취һ֪ûá
ʵϣĵ쾭תʮ֮ͿʼԶҪȥơ
ǹһ̶ȣȻ˳֮ƣǸʱʿ֪ԼҪͻƣȻ˳µؽͻơͻҲǵ쾭ˮ׼ҹδȴҪﵽǳˮ׼
ΪȪĻ̫ѵˣʮһΣһʮ꣬Լδܹõᡣԣǿаסͻƣڵھתѹ˴ﵽʮʱ򣬾еѾ罬ԼܹƣС죬ֱеһʱ򣬾еѾ繯ѾסҪˡ
ʱѾȥһ졣
һʱ￪ʿѾˣѾʿ忪еĳѨˡҲ˵һʱ䣬ҹδ룬еʿΪˣֻҹδ뻹ԭľ硣
ʿҲʱ֮ģοܹõһˣǸ콾
ԣЩʿ֮࣬ҲʱؿһΧʿжԼ츳Ӧһٸ˵ʲôΡ
һȥЩʿвɸܹ̾õȪĹȻǵ֮ȻҵΪڲͬĵȼ츳Ĳȴǲࡣ
Ŷ
һ⡣
Ǹ˶һˣģһͨڣⲻ⡣˼Сʱ̣Ծͣ
ǡ
ⶼһˣǸ˾Ȼûͻƣҿɫһ㣬ͨ죬ɼʺ츳ô
ôģ
Ŷ
ϳˣҹҹʦ
ûˣ
˼ķʦֲ֮֮Ȼ˼֮츳ô£˼ҷʦ֮츳˰
ʮꡭ
ӦöʮˣǷڡ
ʮķڣţ
ʵ
û˶ҹδõеã˼ùͻ
ֻҹδռôһЩϧ
֪Լ֮츳˷
˲ٹҹδ룬ʮŸʿ֮俪ʼ˾رͬʿ֮䶼˾֮Ҫͬʿһͻơ
ͻֺܶô
һôǻȪڵڶôǻᱻйעйעˣȻԴб
ƽľУʮŸ˲ԼͬһȻֳ֮ɫΪǵĿ֮ǸΪ˷ҹۡ
䡭
ҹδ뾭е罬繯ͬһײĵȻһһӾͱ׵ײˣȻ罬繯ͳ˵ʼھؿ
ں¡¡֮ڶͬس罬繯ͬһ˵ؿŵ֮ؿʼȪˮ߻ۡƶΧ͹ۿĴС
ЩһͷǵĽ䱸ܣܹо֮ڼٵ߻ۣŨʼγ˱ڳŨС
ˮڵЩʿ𾪣ΪǲЩҹδۣǿˮˮΧҹδγһУȪӿ塣
ΧۿĴоʼһȴǿЦ
ǿƵҹδ룬Ƕ֪ҹδǳжΪǳܰɣ
ǳûδ
㿪ɹˣ˾ǿʿԺͲͻˡ
Ŷ
Ҳ˵ҹδԵһʮꡣȪһµʱ䣬˵ҹδ뻹ܹһЩѨϡ
ǡ
Щüͷʼ˽໥
ҹûǳĺɣ
ûУ
ǡȪڵҲĴ󱦵еһɣ
ţһǣ
ʱЩҲӦˣǸ˵Լɻ
ôŪôƵģĴ󱦵俪Ūôơ
ѵںĴ󱦵䣬ݱԴǳ
ܰɣ
Ȼҳҹڷžѵʺ츳δŰ˳ɿԳΪ𡣵棬ûʲô츳ɣ
ôͣ
ȥһ°ɡ
Ҫһº󣿡
һ£ҲǼ仰¶
ҲУ
ڴв˵еĿⶼҹδϡĿԽԽŹ֣ΪҹδŪƻǴ󰡣
һ졣
졣
졣
ΧҹδнʧˣڴжһЩˮڵʿˣɿˣˮڵȪҹδˣǶòͣһҹδ롣


222 еĹע
ҹδ뵤ڵ¡¡֮ͣĵ죬ֱ罬繯ȫһա
ʱĵʮϡһڿصʱˣһΪĵʵ̫ˣֱ
ҹδתΧ֮սѨϺ;תȻӿ˵ڵرŨҹδǳ泩ԹԵʹо̫ˬˡֻͬרĵбˬ

ˮڵʿһȪڲᱻҹδԵˣֿˡ
ಡ
һˮߣһҹۣ
ҹδ۾Ǹ̵㲻ֹֻͣǻشǼ仰С
ôΧۣҹδصͷˮڵǾʮŸҲ˶䡣
ɹ˰ɣǿʼ
ţ
֪ĵж𣿡
ҹδҡͷȻֵͷܴ󡣡
㲻֪ҡͷҾܹжϳĵӦͨϵĵ
ô˵Ҳûһ׼ȷĸϣͨʿģҪռųɶࡣʿڸ泬Խͨʿġǵĵͻͨʿһ㱻ͨʿĵɵģͿԳ֮ΪʿˡͨʿһģǾ콾ǾǾ콾ͨͻƵʱյжĵٱͨʿҲ˵ڿΣѾԽ˾콾ǿġ
˵һڴҲиеź
̫ϧˣ
ҹ۵ʺ츳Ҳķһھ콾֮Сȴƫƫǳ
ûδ
ˮеľʮŸʿɫ㶼һ䣬ҹ۵ʾȻôǿ
ҹδʱȴһϲѨϿЧ￪ҲЧ˵ԼŬﵽǳЧҲ˵ԼڿʱȻΪûǳĺ˵쾭ԼһٲȴﵽǳЧ
Ƕ֪ǳȴֻͨڣΪûкĹƲסڵȪȪﵽͻƵЧ
ҹδֵͷ
ûкĹǸüͷõֹ
쾭ҹδ
ǵüͷøǾ콾õ쾭ٵҲЧĵԲֹôģ
ҹδʱȴѾ˴𰸣Լܹ֮ﵽЧӦԭһԼ֮󣬾һ콾һ棬ԼһٲȻ˵ҹδ
쾭ʱ򣬵תʮ֮󣬱ųơûУҪﵽǳЧҼת

ЩжˣʷҲûҪٸΪĵǵ쾭֮ʮ֮󣬾ͻֳٵ֮ףʮѾ쾭ļޣתȥʿľѨϻܲסֹѹѹ
飡
Ѩϻᱬ
ҪǵǾ콾ν콾
ǴӳѨϴ󣬾ǿ͵֣г;ͨġֻ־콾ܹеѹ
Ŷ
ˣ
ҹӦǾ콾ɣ
סˣ
һ̣еĴпҹδĿⶼ˿ϧΪʲô⺢Ӿǳأ
ûδ
ʱҹδ뻹ڼҾתʮ죬еѾ罬ֻҾûûдﵽҵļޣԾͼת
ʯˣ
ҹδ뻹ǵǰǶҪǳҹδˡ
֪֪쾭תʮ죬ѾǾ콾ļˣ
㻹
Ҫ
Ŷ
ԣ
š
Ϊʲôţ
ҹδڼһ죬еѾ繯ҸоѾﵽҵٽ㣬ұˡ
һƬĬ˼ҹδΪʲôš
Ȼˡ
ҹδʾǾ콾Ѿܹ쾭תʮˡǱˣ֮ǰĶǳѨϺ;Ǳǳġʺ͹ӣɵЧѨϺ;ҪԶԶͨʿǿͺͿܹһѹҲˣȻڿʱõǵ쾭ĳɹȴﵽǳЧ
ǡ
Ƕ֪˵ʲôˡ
һĬĬ뿪ֻźͿϧ죬һеҲãû˺ҹۿרķ֮·


223 ʱմ
ˮڡ
ҹδٴα۾ʼת쾭ΧȻͷ֣Ҳеȱ㣬Ǳ°ʱ䣬ͰѵȻͿԿʼˡ
ĵ̫ˣƵýһʱ䡣
ȻǳΣȵ֮ʱ򣬾Ͳ˷ʱˡϾÿζѵڵһա
һ
ҹδ׼ʼѵõĻᣬʮֻһΡ
֮νγ忪ƢθÿһҪϣȻͨͨһȫͨʱ򣬱ʿĵһ磬ﵽԲԪ
ҹδҪȪЧܵĴͨһһ㡣ϾƷҲҪġ
ҹδ뿪ʼרĵķȻǴͨеϣȻһ
Ϊ˴ﵽǳЧɽھһһУҪһ죬ﵽ罬繯ĳ̶ȡһﵽ̶ȣ˵ԼһǳɣͨϣΪһԲʿ
һա
ЩΧ۵ĴͻȻɫˣΪյϢ忪ʼˣڣȻǰߵʿʼ߽
Ҫ֪ǰ߾ɲԶʿʼԴԴϵشӺ󷽿ʼ߼ᣬҲۿˣҿʼ׼Ԯס塣ʱȪֻʮһˣûһٸ뿪ǾܶȪܹסǰĲġ
Ȫ죬Ĺ̫ˣ㳲ȻȪĸǴ嶥ȥ´ȪʿǷ뿪Լ⡣
ЩҲףЩʿ콾һսġҲçײ֮ˣһȪӦûԱġ
ҵǸʱҲòμսԣû´뿪
Ȫ죬ȪߣȪڵʿȪڳ뵽ս֮Сֻҹδһ˻ȪڣΪѾͲһѨϾʹͨеĸΪԲʿǸѨѾͨһ룬ֻҪٸʮϢʱ䣬ܹɡ
䡭
ȪΧѾΪս޴ĺڶط·𶼱ñ飬ռŤ
Ĵĺɱսĺ
ҹδһϥˮУвϵ
ٸһʱ䣬һʱ䣬ҾͿ뿪μսˡ
ʱҹδʮΣգʱ뿪ڿһѨϵĹؼ뿪ѨϳΪϣһΪͣˡ
ҹδܽţΧսȻһСϥȪУֻ¶Դսʿ˰
ڿڹؼϣܶ
䡭
ȷʵûǸʿȪΧս̫ˡж뵽ⳡս֮С
ѣռŤ÷·黨һ
ȪĿռҲܵ˲ռ俪ʼŤȥҹδ룬ѾΣŤòӡ
ռľҲҹδһ⣬ǲ⼫䵭ȴּء
ʱ֮⡣
ҹδ봩Խʱ⣬ʱռĹУʱյİҹδڣȻֻеһ˿һ˿ʱհһʱڻ˲٣Ҳаʱ䣬ҹδʱհͻ᳹ʧ
ǣһ̣ռŤˡ
ʵϣǱˣҲֻܹŵĸ졣ûм£һʱյİҲܹ꣬һ˳ܿ쳹ʧ
ǡ
Ȫ
Ȫں֮ռŤҹδڵʱʱҲײӦӦ
˻˻˻
Ȫڵ˲䱻ȡ˳ˮγ˺ڰɫҹδΪγһ̫ͼ
ռøŤҹδΧΪ̫ͼתռת֮еҹδ붼о˲ͷ
۾ˮȥһҵս档
ǡ
ǲҵսͻȻŤһ£Χɱҽͺʧˡ
һƬɽˮԲ
Լˮ룬ΧϥһʿЩʿԾˮ֮⣬𾪣ã
ֻһ˲䣬ռŤһ£Χֱսɱҽͺֻˡ


224 ع
·ӣʱϥȪУ㵵ؿǰ顣
ɽ˴һȺʿɽڼ侭ĥѺΣգҲڶʮǰкһˮȻˮһԼڵûֺ벻˵𾪵ǣһֱ΢һ˲ﵽˡ
ֻǺһˮܹ΢ƿԼڵ
˲ʶˮһʥءˮʼչءڴˮ˷֣һ
ֱ뵽ɽ֮󣬵õĻԵ
ǡ
ܿ˷Ϣܿش˳ȥԽԽʿΪܹˮʸ֡
ӺǿǵĵҲˣƹȵʥŮˣ̵ʥҲˣи·֣·ӢܡΪһһʱ֮䣬ɱѪɺӡ
յõˮʸҲȶġһǿˣսˮʿǸʿʵʵÿ߱Ǿ
ǣӣӣʥŮʥĸȴһֱûս
ΪǺǿ
ʱӣӣʥӺʥŮʿ𾪶ãȻˮ֮⡣
ӣҸղǲۻˣôս
Ҳˡ
ӵĻûӴ˵꣬ռֿʼŤȻǸսֳˡ
սֵͬʱû˷ֶһӰǸӰҲǰһУȴҹδ롣
ռ·ѵսʧˡ
ֳãȻ֮ɫ
ҹδֿսЩʿӰҰʧ
ǡ
ҵ
ǡҸղǻصҴڵǸʱգҡ
顭
ʱеһѨϴͨϣΪԲʿ
ҿԶˣ
ͷոո֣ռһŤп˷Щʿգ֮䣬ͻصսʱա
Ϊʲô
ΪʲôܹʱգǸʱˮڵʿȴǸʱֻصʱ
ҹδ벻ͨΪ֪ΪһʱյֻԵɺ֮£ʱл
лƵԽԽ죬һսʱһǷӵʱ
ӵ˶л𾪣û˷ҹδ֡лӷڣҲʮϢʱ䡣
֪ΪϵʱֻܹʱգҲֻܹǸʱա
ǡ
ҹδȻһ뿪Ȫأ
ʱлǸʱ뿪Ȫ᲻Ǹʱ
ľãʱյлӦúⳡսԼıȪйϵԼ뿪ȪеһˣʱлǲǾͻʧ
ԼǲпܾԼԭǸʱ

ҹδվˮȥʱʱлˡҹδ벻ܣܣЩʿķ϶ܡ
ҹδôһȻЩʿע⣬ʱлǷҹδӰʧˡ
ʧˡ
ǵΧֳսҹδһγֻ֣γֵĵص㲻ԭĵطǸߡ
ʱлӰüһ
ȻѪɵսʧˣΧһƬֻһ˲䣬ͺٴҲٴοҹδ뱼ܵӰײˮڵʿ
ǡһʱյˡ
սҹδͬʱʧĻ±Ƶˡ
սҹδһγ֣ҹδѾܵ˳ϣ˵ĿⶼҹδϣȻҹδսʧˡ
սеˮϣҹδѾ׼͵ʱһл

ҹδһ˲ˮȻѾӷɱﵽ˼£⻹зԼͷţٶȻһڿжһģĲӰֻǲһϢʱ䣬ѾܵӰ١
ꡭ

սʧˣˮڵķӣһʿһãȻ
Ů˾ˣֻصǸʱգ
ֻûȥ׷ȻȷǸŮǲǻصǸʱգǻ׷ʲô
˵ҲһԵ

ǾһԵȻʱлÿζһ˲䣬ǿЩеÿһʽͨҡֻǲ׽һ˿ϣҲԻǳдѧһ㡣
ҹδ뻹ܣһܣһ߿Χ
սûˡ
Χǡ
˱ߵĲݣвֳϲá
Ӧһ˰ɣ
˰ɣ
һ̣˺ӷ壬˼ˣȴֻܹ̾Ϣһ鷢̫ͻȻԸǱ߹úá
Ȼ󡭡
ȻԼôĹ׵㡭
ҹδ붼Ҫˡ


225 
֪ԼȽ׵һ˰һʲôԴаŸﰡ
ԣ
ԼЩ
ԼӦıҵһʣǺ£ǲԼǸʱ
ҹδŻ˽ŲʼѰ˵ó̡
ҹδǧ֮⡣
һ˹¶ţϿŴǹ糾ͣüȴȡ
ʧɢˣһС͵޳ͱʧɢˣһˡȻˣȻ¶һˣԸɿʣ˳ɽŷεĲ
ϵ¶
ϵ˶
ǹ¶
ǹ˵˶
ĸȻͣɽһéݡ
ȻٲéȥԼһӣվéݵǰܴ
ʲôҲûУһéݡ
ΧéתһȦվéݵǰȡ¿ڼϵĴǹǹͱ˴š
û쳣
üëһ£Ȼٲ߽éݡ
éڵĹЩȴһĿȻ
һԭľӺӣֻ涼˻ҳıȥĿһһǽϵĻϡ
ǽֻһ
Ʋߵǰϸϸȥ
һɽɽһСԺСԺֲʢһ뿪վһ꣬һŮ¶
ĿӻƵ˻Ͽհ״ʫϣдһʫ
ȥմС
һӳ졣
治֪δȥ
һЦ硣
һֳڣʧˡ
ʱվһɽ£һ˴ǹڵϣЩãȻȥ
ֻǵԼԼݣҲԼʲôǵã̧ͷɽϡ
ɽһʢ
зһɽ;ͻĳ嶯Ȼôˡ
һһɽȥһѤһ·˰ɽһСԺ
վǸ飬̧ͷ˿ǽ֦ʢһоƺϤüͷ˼ͷʼʹ˫סԴݺݵҡҡͷеͷ˦ȥ˼ԴʹоԼЩʣû飺
𣿡
ɳɳɳ
ĽŲȻ֨ѽһһ룬¶˰Դ˵һֿʼͷΪоڰڵڣ̫Ϥˣ·Լոտһȥ룬žҵͷۡ
˭عȥ룬ͷҲʹǹһ壬ڵȻڵŮֵ
̰ɫһ·ˣڿͣҪһˮȡ
ԭΡеŮӱɫһ죬һ򿪣дɬ
Ժ
лͻˡ
߽СԺԺһʢһŰСľʣ
л
ٴʩȻȻŮԼıӰȵ߽ڣܿŮ˫һ̣Ϸһ˰ǰ̷˰ϣ
ӣ룡
лл
룬ˮ¡´룬ӵķȥأ
͹ʣĸѾȥҸȥɽϿˡ˵ĿᲨȥˮ
ֺһˮоˬࡣٿǰĵŮӣһӳ£次
ŮӵͬȪ
ҡϺȻظֳεЦݣһ̣Цȴϣҡҡôǵˡ˻ͷʹ
Ůһ˿ʣеӣ㿴һ𣿡

̧ͷͬɡһһͬ壬ֳ֮ɫ
𣿡Ůëӹؿڡ
ɫһӳ졭
ɫһ㣬оѿڶʫϤԴ΢΢ʹ
˹΢΢ͷɬĺϵգⶼͨ͸Ůӣһʱֳ֮ˡ
ʱھţůɫʱнһϼи̺졣
ȥϼһ֮УŮӵĸСԺУԽǽͷĻ꣬׷

ڷɫ
պ
ɫʱв԰

鲨
㵴׷ѰȥĽŲ
ֻʪĿ
ܵҵ鲨


ƯӰ
ֻḧ
ܵҵ



226 ֻ
ĽŲڸԽԽûиоһ˿͸˿ߴӰɽƮڸƮƮСԺǽͷɽƮǰΧתһȦڡ
ɽ
СԺ
֮£һºȹŮӣȻһЦૣ
ģ𣿡
ͣˣԭѾפŰɽɫƺһ£Ȼתɽȥ
ɽһǣһ֮ǡļҾУǳѣҲһԸϲýѵˣӦܶ࣬ÿ춼еƺ̣˴䡣һֽ˼Ķѿλ֮Уһӳ졭
һʱܿȥֵһʢļڡ
ĿһҲƲסе˼뿪һ֮ǣɽȥһ·һʢĲʼ죬ԽԽ죬СԺٳУе˼Ҫеļ
žžž
ٵţžȻĿɫһ䣬һԼ·Ȼ󻽵
𣿡


һҡҷȴ
һ˿ٲ߽СԺСԺ˻ҳǿʢ֮£ɰڷһŰСʣֻѾҳһá

һ˿˷ǰƿţһ˿֮ӷɢϵɫӲ߽˷š
Ƭ̣ʧشӷ˳ôվڷǰ̨ϣĿ⼫ñˡ
ͬʬһ̨ǿôִ£̧ͷĿһвԾ
ȥմС
һӳ졣
治֪δȥ
һЦ硣
ԴЩӲأ˲ҳСľϣͷֿʼʹ˼һҧࡣ
һƿ˿ߴƮ˳һǰڸУƮڵһƣֻһ˿ߴʱƮֻһ˿Աһǰһһ˿ǡ
֪ȴоԼ·ʧȥʲôе˼ͱ˽֯С
ɫذһСԺĿһǿϣȻתԺţɽȥ
ıСԺС
ǸĵŮƾճ֣վǿ֮£̧ͷϵһ׼ȷ˵Χһƽ֯Ļǡ
ŮӵһƻǺһƻǽ֯ߡ
Ůһ˿ǾͱŮ˱ڡŮӵȻ죬ֳ֮ɫһ޷Ʈһ˲ƣҡΣ뿪˻䣬컨ꡣ
Ļƺһ£ͬ汻Ͷһʯӣģһ£ֱСԺڱˣ࣬ǰСľҲøɾûиá
ɽ¡
ЩĪվ泯ɽһɽƺΪԼЩƣһǰɽͻ
ǡ
ΪʲôԼз·ʧȥʲô
һĪıأ
룬˦˦ͷٲɽȥ
һһɽȥһѤһ·˰ɽһСԺ
վǸ飬̧ͷ˿ǽ֦ʢһоƺϤüͷ˼ͷʼʹ˫סԴ
ֳ˼֮ɫͷƺЩϤôһ룬ͷ͸ӵʹ
ݺݵҡҡͷеͷ˦ȥ˼ԴʹоԼЩʣû飺
𣿡
ɳɳɳ
ĽŲȻ֨ѽһһ룬¶˰Դ˵һֿʼͷΪоڰڵڣ̫Ϥˣ·Լոտһȥ룬žҵͷۡ
˭عȥ룬ͷҲʹǹһ壬ڵȻڵŮֵ
̰ɫһ·ˣڿͣҪһˮȡ
ԭΡеŮӱɫһ죬һ򿪣дɬ
Ժ
лͻˡ
߽СԺԺһʢһŰСľʣ
л
ٴʩȻȻŮԼıӰȵ߽ڣܿŮ˫һ̣Ϸһ˰ǰ̷˰ϣ
ӣ룡
лл


227 
룬ˮ¡´룬ӵķȥأ
͹ʣĸѾȥҸȥɽϿˡ˵ĿᲨȥˮ
ֺһˮоˬࡣٿǰĵŮӣһӳ£次
ŮӵͬȪ
ҡϺȻظֳεЦݣһ̣Цȴϣҡҡôǵˡ˻ͷʹ
Ůһ˿ʣеӣ㿴һ𣿡

̧ͷͬɡһһͬ壬ֳ֮ɫ
𣿡Ůëӹؿڡ
ɫһӳ졭
ɫһ㣬оѿڶʫϤԴ΢΢ʹ
˹΢΢ͷɬĺϵգⶼͨ͸Ůӣһʱֳ֮ˡ
ʱھţůɫʱнһϼи̺졣
ȥϼһ֮УŮӵĸСԺУԽǽͷĻ꣬׷

ڷɫ
պ
ɫʱв԰

鲨
㵴׷ѰȥĽŲ
ֻʪĿ
ܵҵ鲨


ƯӰ
ֻḧ
ܵҵ

ĽŲڸԽԽûиоһ˿͸˿ߴӰɽƮڸƮƮСԺǽͷɽƮǰΧתһȦڡ
ɽ
СԺ
֮£һºȹŮӣȻһЦૣ
㻹ģ𣿡
ͣˣԭѾפŰɽɫƺһ£Ȼתɽȥ
ص˼УûһֻӦ꣬Ҳûеƻ̣˴䡣һԼļУ˼ͱˡ
ЩֲԼ˼ڱˡ
˵ԼǰʱظǸһŮӵӰӦ˼ԼΪʲôᱯˣ
ҡ
·Լʧȥʲô

ǸоԼʧȥʲô˼ЩţЩˣ·ʲôĵĿ־塣
ǿ־ɡ
ЩղǱȴ١
վǸ˴ǹ

ԺУ趯ĴǹҪʽǲԼеıˣֲ֪ɵıˡ

һһȥԼرڼУһһĿǹֻеıȴûǲһһյļ
ǹѾһ˿˵ζ
һȥһʢļڡ
飡
Ĵǹڿжһ޴ǹǹⶶٶ̫죬ͿĦһŰ

³һ̧ԺһеıŨ
ֲģҲ֪ΪʲôҪԺֲһÿ˼ͱ˵Ľ̡֯
һʢļڣе˼ѹ˱ˣǰδеŨһĹУ
Ҫȥ
ٴζ뿪һ֮ǣɽȥһ·һʢĲʼ죬ԽԽ죬СԺٳУе˼Ҫеļ
žžž
ٵţžȻĿɫһ䣬һԼ·Ȼ󻽵
𣿡


һҡҷȴ
һ˿ٲ߽СԺСԺ˻ҳǿʢ֮£ɰڷһŰСʣֻѾҳһá

һ˿˷ǰƿţһ˿֮ӷɢϵɫӲ߽˷š
Ƭ̣ʧشӷ˳ôվڷǰ̨ϣĿ⼫ñˡ
ͬʬһ̨ǿôִ£̧ͷĿһвԾ
ȥմС
һӳ졣
治֪δȥ
һЦ硣
ԴЩӲأ˲ҳСľϣͷֿʼʹ˼һҧࡣ
һƿ˿ߴƮ˳һǰڸУƮڵһƣֻһ˿ߴʱƮֻһ˿Աһǰһһ˿ǡ


228 ˳ɺ
֪ȴоԼ·ʧȥʲôе˼ͱ˽֯С
ɫذһСԺĿһǿϣȻתԺţɽȥ
ֻıּˣ·һ˵ĺ
ıСԺС
ǸĵŮƾճ֣վǿ֮£̧ͷϵһ׼ȷ˵Χһƽ֯Ļǡ
ŮӵһƻǺһƻǽ֯ߡ
Ůһ˿ǾͱŮ˱ڡŮӵȻ죬ֳ֮ɫһ޷Ʈһ˲ƣҡΣ뿪˻䣬컨ꡣ
Ļƺһ£ͬ汻Ͷһʯӣģһ£ֱСԺڱˣ࣬ǰСľҲøɾûиá
ɽ¡
ЩĪվ泯ɽһɽƺΪԼЩƣһǰɽͻ
ǡ
ΪʲôԼз·ʧȥʲô
֡
һĪıأ
֡
룬˦˦ͷٲɽȥ
뵽޵ֻ֣ÿһεֻһ꣬ÿһֻصĳʼڳŮ֮ʱŵ˼ȻڸУŮӵһƻǣ˼㿪ʼءÿһֻصյ㣬ĻǱŮӳһƣȻͷ·𴥶Ŀ־塣

ǿ־壡
ִ𣬾ͲԸԵĿ־壬ͼĿ־壬ֿ־Ľƺһּµıˣһ䲻ԸԵıˣһֱĵֿ־ıˣԽϾһ㣬ԽŨһ˷ӡ˲ѡ
˲ģ˶ʮ꣬ʵһֱܵģ־ͱ˵ԭ㣬ҹδ롣
Сʱž䣬ȻܰԾ֪ҹδʮ꣬͵͵ǵģǲҪҹδһжҪҹδ롣
һ쳤Խϲͺǻҹδ룬ϲͺǻԽŨңеĿ־ͱ˾ԽŨҡ
Ǻʧȥҹδ룬ÿһ뵽ҹδǵжḡֳˡֱҹδĳԽԽǿҡ
žȻ汼ΪѰҾҹδİ취ȥҲΪͨٷΪҹδѰƵİ취ܰҹδԡ
ǻ;ҹδѾΪĸ˵ʹʹ֮£еĿ־ͱˡ
ǺҹδȬˣӡĿ־ͱ˻ǲǱʶУҲʮ꣬Żصȥֱʧ
ǣֿ־ͱ˵ӡڣУʧȥĸоͬһ˷ӡļ䱻ӡֻʣ¸оʱǱصĸоͱ޵طˡ
ÿһαһƻǣĻǾͻһ㣬صļ䶼·ȥһµķӡʧȥʲôĿ־ͱڷŴ
Ϊԭ򣬷ӡļ䣬ֻ۵쳣̵ļ䣬˵ǱʶΪһֱܡһƱߣĻԽԽǻķӡҲӡסǱʶΪ־Ϊ˵ļ䣬ּ仹ûֳȴԽԽˡ
ÿһֻ֮ı˶ڼأÿһδɽ˼ûһ˿˼ȥѣΨͥԺвϵǹƣûеıˡ
ϡ
ͥԺдǹһ裬ȴһֳصıˣ·𻨰˻䣬˼ޡǹУ˱˵Ŀ֮
ء
һֱһַıⱯ֮ͥԺ֮ԽǽͷŽֵɢ
ڴϵˣȻ͸оӿͷͬբĺˮкתͷȥͥԺȥ
ǵҰУԼһִǱͥԺʧˣһӡ
˳ɺӣ
ʮֻعȥ
ֵһļڣʢһһ˼ɺӣֶԵرǰɽɽ·ϣҪȥһʢеŮ
˿ˣͬʬһ̨ǿôִ£̧ͷĿһҴʱͳνһֻصʱ̫࣬˵ǲֻվĸܹо˵ϢڷӿʱҲȷʵ˵˼㡣һδλǱߣĻѾֻʣһ˿˿˶Щججģֻʣ˱ˣԼıˣѾˣֻûƿһӡʱӰĿⱯʹĿһ
ȥմС
һӳ졣
治֪δȥ
һЦ硣
ԴЩӲأ˲ҳСľϣͷֿʼʹʹõ˱ٽ㡣


229 ƻ
һƿ˿ߴƮ˳Ůӵһƻǣھһ˿ǣ˳
䡭
Ҳⲻסļ䣬ǵ£Աǿǻķӡԭзӡӡ֮Ǽ̣־壬˵ĶȴƼ
ûм̫Ķֻ˼̵Ķ
Ǿҹδ롭
֪ҹδʮ꣬оͿʼ־ͱˣҹδһһ곤ֿ־ͱһѻӡȴһ̱˳ȥ
һ̱ӿȻվԵĴǹǰȥ
ء
˳ɺӣ
һǹ̳ȥǣһǺˣǾ˵Ķͷǻһű˿ס
ںš
һǹ̳Ȼסļ

һĲҽıȻףǿ֣ʱģһŮӣֵʱǿ
֮ʧˣһԴʹŵŮӣҴŮӵڣͬϪһ㣬кһƵĻǣӿڡ
ŻǻعڣĻԽԽҲԽԽ
ꡭ
飡
ֳһ˿ãȻԼվһé֮ڣ̧ͷǽϵһ
ҡ
һĻĻеļּ֣Լ߽éݵľ
ҡ֮ǰ뻭ˣ
Ȼ󡭡ֳˣ
ĿٴǽϵǷǷڡ
ţ
Щͷ
ϸǷǼЩģ·һοѾȥ˼ʮ꣬꣬Ǽ仹ǽ
Ҽǵá
һӣ뿪滹һŮӡ
ǡ
ɽڣڣһɣֻûˡ
ⶼûˡ
С
ĿƵ˻һߡ
Ҽǵﻹһʫôûˣ
ǱһƬհף
ʫʲôţ
Ĵָ̫Ѩֳ˼֮ɫͬʱૣ
ȥմУһӳ졭
ͻȻıһ欵治֪δȥһЦ磡
ĺëֻһβ׵Ǽٵ˳Ŵ׵Ϸӣ˲ӵͷͷƤ飬ȻתףһºȹĵŮվЦЦؿ
㡭ͷƤը糱ˮǡ
ˣɫ˲÷ŭŮ˭ԼһĻŮͬȪһĻǣصڵĳ
ʣԼЩǶǱŮӳˣԼŮӵС
ֻǡ
ܡ
ŮôҲˣ﾿һص˻ʵ磬ڻеĻþ֮У
ǡ
еĺڷڣû˻վһɱԼǰܹƽ͡
ˣ
ʵǻþ
ԣûбϷŪ
ϡ
ĴǹһŶŮӴȥ
ŮӺˣһ˫裬ͬĺ⣬Ĵǹ
䡭
é˲ķѣ˼һ
Ĵǹ󿪴ϣޱȡ
̣㣬ã顭
绢ǹ
Ůӵһ˫ȴᵽ˼㣬ռݲһ˿ơͬһֻͻУȴʹԽԽ
бߣһĻĻеĹ֣ԽһĻĻ֣ԽǱߡ
ϣ
Ĵǹһܵش̳һǹ
һǹ̳о֮䶼·˲Ȼιķ綼ͬʣǴǹ·ǣһӿĺӡ
˳ɺӣ
ˣͷһ˻һ棬˱˵ʹ࣬ŶŮӳ˹ȥ
ǹδȴű˵ķΧǸŮӣֱ֮ײ顣
䡭
Ůһ˫䷭ɣˣ޾Ļ棬޾ܣ˳ȥǹֶɣڿдϵһ˵ϣǹھҵز졣
飡
ĺײһôϣѪĿ˶档
ŮӾվ֮Уֻ˳¡
ľܵӰ졭
̤̤̤
Ů˹ǰ̸̸֣
зŭɫʧĮȻ˶Է֣Լսһ˿ıˣǱ˳ɺӵϡҲһ˿ϣ侲
侲Ůջ֣˫ǰһ΢΢һ
ʽʶһ£次
ֻ񣺡


230 
ɫһ˿㱣ڻμ龰˱ĬȻ죬
һǹʲô
˳ɺӣ
ƽһЩô˵ξоգԼһ⾳
ܸңɽ֮սڳѾˣ̧һ·˿ĿĹ˵
оֳ˾ɫ㡭μӹɽ֮ս
ǣôˣ欵Ҳֳһ˿ɫѵɽ֮սѾܾˣ
ܾˣǰˣͻȻһˣ

ûʲô⣬ˣҲܽܡΪҲ֪ҲһǺõģģֱģҶŮӻɱˣΣ
欻㿪ڵɽ֮սͽˣĶãҲ֪Ǻܾúܾãǧˡ
ô𣿡
ЩʧҲƽȴǲΪѾȷԼ򲻹Է
Լ˱˳ɺ֮ȻΪǸΪսԷ˼ȴǱԷһӸˡ
ڶԷԸ̸Ľ
ֻ֪ԷΪʲôԸԼ̸
Է壬Լ壬ȻҶԷڻҪɱԼ̸̸δغãҲԷɻɱԼ̸ʱ䣬ĬĬ˵ϢϣڽɱУԼߵĿܡ
ʧ˰죬ڻعдҲбˣ̾Ϣһ
忪˴սɽֻһսʱᡭ
Ǳ鴤һ£欶ûŭ͵㲻䡣
ԭԪҲͰңͨԪǰ˵Ǻ̵ܶʱ⣬رǶĳЩԪƾõ˵껹䡣
ͱȷ˵ɣľһࡣԪƾãͨûгԪﵽǧľͲ٣лľ˵˵ǲ̫ˣ
룬ǲòͬ
ңľûг֮ǰģͺñ̥һ㡣֮Ԫֻõܹȵġԣ˵Ǹʱᣬᡭ
ԣ
ǸʱңӦסӦ൱ʮͷģ
ǳս۴̫ãҲ̫㡣ǰ̡
һ𣿡ʱҲȤսʲôΪʲôῪս
欵һ˿ãȻҡͷҲ֪Ǹʱ̫СΪҲܵܶ͡鲻ֻ֪Ǳ˷ɽ
΢΢ҡҡͷǵײˣҲ欿ҡͷоЩ۵
ڱսҲʲô֪
ԣ
Ϊң֪ĻûҶࡣ
ĬȻ޷ʵεֵ̯̯֡һۣż˵
ɽ֮սļҾͲ˵ˣ˵ҵһսһʿ˵лˣ廹ջ𣿡
ҡͷҲ֪Ҳû˵֣ҲǴºŰɣ
һ£㲻ᡣ˵ҲĶ֣Ҳɱң
˵ЦΪɽңֻҵķҵı壬ҵıԴ
ɫȻһ㣬Ӧ˹
Է
ôõôɽ
ҡ
ԣǸʱӦûǿôΪôԶƶɣ
ԣֻһֻһ֦
ǰɱˣ欵ǣֻҪҵıڣ岻٣ҾͲɱһΣҾٸһΡҲܣһڻڣԺҾͲ֪ˡ
Źֵؿһ۵ʽһ£ң˵ΪܹͣڽλϣҽӴĲͲôխ
ǿɱġ
欲ؿһû뵽㻹һλ
ʱѾ²⣬欵欣Ҵ򲻹㣬ȴҪ̸̸˵ϣ˴˻һЩ
ðɣ˼һµʵڵ״̬ǷҵꡣΪҵΪҵı岻ԶߡڵֻҵĻǻ˲ľ֮γɡȻΪ彫ҲӦ˽ľ֮
ֻҪҲľ֮ı壬ֻҪûлľ֮ı壬ǽǵĻǴɢǵĻҲԽռ䣬ػص֮У಻˯ڱг˯ջǻѹ


231 
һ治֪
аҲǿǿԲñߣǻ뿪壬֮ľ֮塣ֻĻʵӦòͱںϣҲ̫ǿˡ
Ϊɱģֻûҵǵı壬ǾͿԸ
Ӧúһ֪ľһܣڴɢ۵֮󣬱㽫ҷӡС
ƺľһܸܺȤһéݣȻ󽫻ǽϣÿ۲ҵ״̬
֪ʲôԭͻȻ뿪ˣ
ڻ֮УҲÿоƻ
ǣҷǸ˻ҾȻ벻ƻķܹ뵽Ķˣûáҷһҿ־飬ȻҺͱĸӦҲ˻硣
£ҸͲܼҸΪصǣµţҵĻ˥Ȼ˥üΪһһ
һüͷ㲻˵㲻ֻҪı壬ͻ
欵˵ǰǣҵĻǻع鱾塣ǱӡڻУҵĻ˥ûɢҲɢУȥλع鱾壿
ʲô𣿡
ͷȷʵûʲô𣬶뵽欺ͱʧȥ˸ӦǿñǲǾʧȥ˼ʸ
᲻𽥵˥ܣ
ձ帯ǸʱǲҲˣ
ǡ
Ǹֵһµꣿ
ռǿôı壬վƻصԴȴҲû˹鴦
Ҳȥ뵽һ취ǽʿ廹壬ȻǵĻǣǿԼҲ˥ǿ˵ұǿ֮󣬻ܹƻ
ǣҪʿ̸ף
ֲҵĻ
˺ܾúܾãڶЩ˽⣬Խһܡҵһ˿ڻһʫֻҪʿʫͻᱻҷӡǸʿļ䡣
Ǹʱңǳ˷ܡֻҪʿҶܣȻֻܹһ㣬ȴԷӡǸʿļ䣬ǸʿǿҾֱĻǡǸʿǿǿ󵽼ҽܣҲһɶԷĻǣһңȻһһƵֻгȡĻǣսĻǳȡһա
ǡ
˵̬þɥҵȰȣȻһֱûʫ
Ҳһ㣬ʧЦ
欿湻ùģһֱûʿȻһ㡣
⻰ô˵ģ
ǧˣķɽ֮սзɽĽ٣ʿӿɽȴû˷ƫƫԼˣ
룬ԼҲùģ
ɫһڣ
͡
Ҳ뵽ԭɣЦɫøڡЦһ󣬼˵
ûҵĻǾͱԽԽ
˵һۣұӡڻеĳʼΪͲҪЩֶΣһӾͰĻʳһաǣʱѾˣѲһĻˣֻܹһδֻأҵһƻȽ뵽ĻУȻһƻǻصҵĻС
ɫѿ㶼̶ˣһ򲻹㣿ǲƭңûô
ǣ̹ϵⲻǴӻڳұܹ֪ҵıˣһָһЩҾûлָʱȻһӰˣǴҲ򲻹ҡ
ɫѿ̹ϣôòǺ£
ȻǺ£Ҳǻ¡һ̹ϣҪȡһƻǡ
ʲôһƻǣ
һֱһƻȥĻǣһƻÿһֻУĻɾ̫ƻʱĻջȥͬʱҲҵһƻǡʧȥһƻǣȻҵްǻӰ쵽ҽУұջһƻǡֻҪæһḶ́ҪһԴȡ˻ǣͻȥ
Ǽ˵ôָøǿһЩ֮һӰҵĻǶˣȻҲȡһƻǣ𣿡
ȻǣεҡҡͷҵڻеľѾ͹ˣòɱʿǵķһֱ˥ȥ
ľһǴ壬ر𽲾ǵĴʵձʿĻǣҵĻǲҽӰǳڻΪ˻ȥûа취ѾˣȻҵĻǱò
ҪңֻҪȡһƻǡĻûȤ


232 һ
ľһ岻˽⣬Զ欵ĻšǴ򲻹Է㲻Σ
欵Ҫȡһƻǣ
Ҫæˡ۾һҪ㽫ҵһƻǰҲ֪һ˿ǺĻǾ̫ûа취ֻ㣬ڣҵĻֻһ˿ûĻǿܹҵһ˿ǰȻ󽻸Ҿˡ
ĬȻƬ̣Ҫ֪ԼĻǣȴҡҡͷ
ҲᣬҲ޷֪ԼĻǡ
Ұ㣬ҿԴڸطֻһḶ́ȻԴھߡ
߲ˣҡͷǷɽ󡭡
齲꣬欴˰ŵ˼ǵõȷɽʧܹȥ
ţͷȣǵûǸʱ򡣷ɽΣգ֪ʲôʱˡΣҲ֪ɽʲôʱʧҲʧҲǧԺʧ
ַ˰죬̾ϢһˣǾͶȻҴڸطѻǰҡ
䣬ɽǾ޴ɽ壬޴Ĳľȵȶʼ䵭Ȼ̧ͷĹˣ
ɽҪʧˣ
̫ˣ˷ܣǾͿȥԴˡ
欵ɲȥĵطˣȥһû˼ĵطҰһƻǣǾͷֿ
欲ΪʲôҪȥһû˼ĵطȥԴ𣿷ģһúдġ㵱Ŀˡ
Ҿúдң
ʲô˼
ҵ˼㲻ףҲȥˣȥԴҰһƻǣŹңһŹңǱ¶㱾ڵλã֪㱾ڵλãǶζΣգ
㲻ƭңҰһƻǣضɱҡڲɱңΪ㼴ɱңһƻҲҵĻǾ壬û취һƻǴذֻȥ룬ܹɹ
ô˵ˣ
ǲǱ˵֪࣬ôԲˣ
üͷȻɫӵؿ㲻˵һû뵽⡣
ɫһͣνû뵽ȻصԴʱ䳤ˣ㲻벻ԣ㲻ˣҾҲһƻǵġ
㡭οࣿ
οࣿЦһƾʲôù
ˡ
𶯣ȥ˺ܿ죬Ǿ޴ɽ壬޴Ĳľȵۿɼٶȵȥ¶ԭķɽò
߰ɣ
欵˵Ȼ欻һһһУ£һǶ䣬ƿնȥ
ҹδϲɫؿķɽ˳Ȼ㿴һһһš
ţ
ʲô
һ
ɣ
һһɵȻܿ죬ǴʱǷɽʧʱ򣬲˶գǾ޴ɽ޴Ĳľ䵭ʧԲ˶ǶһǶһת˲ţмԼʵǿ׷˹ȥʣµĴ˶һɵĵصȥһлԵأ
ҹδҲȥˣʲôԵǣ᲻Ϲȥ
˾ܹˣ
һǱܣһ߲ϵţ磬ǧɲҪ°
ҹδһɵĵطԶǵ˵ʱȴѾ˼ĴѰҹδŻ˽ŲһǱȥһĴ
ƺиոմһܵĺۼ
ಡ
żǴʱҹδȴҲ˲ЩˣĿһʿһʿһǹǸǹ̫ϤˣԼķǹ
ŵŵɵǸȥǸһ䱸ҹδ룬ͬʱҲ˹
ҹδվǸĶ棬۾ʼ죬ָǸ˴ǹ
λ磬ǹõģ
ҹδɫ˵Ǹ꣬ΧҲˡǹӦλС˻ѡ
ǣֻǹڣǹˣ
Ҹղżģġ
ǸָָԶһطҹδȥĵ滹һתĿǸ꣺
ûп𣿡
ûУǸҡͷҾǵһģֻ˴ǹ
ҹδ˵ǹڣȴǹڣ˲ˡ
ʲô
硭ˡ
ʬأ
ԣ
ʬأ
ҹδ뿪ʼΧܣѰʬ壬Χ˶ҡҡͷ̾ϢһҲûжٱˣɽ˶ȥˣһҲ֡
Ǹ뿪ˣǸ˴ǹ뿪ˡ
ģ˭񵽹˭
Ҳûʲô


233 ع
Ȼį߳˷ɽͷһѾָķɽ̾Ϣһ
ηɽ֮УȻľƣ
ˣ׳ˣܰԺǹ䲻ֻԼһˡ
ҡ
ҲûʲôԵ
ΨһǺ˵ǣԼš
ţ
ĿһְԼؿڣŵƣϽơֻǴʱеõһԼĺǺķ򡭡
̧ͷǸ
Ͻ
ԺлڷɽУʱս飬һŮʱսУƺһָԼǰǿϡ
ȻĿ⽥
ȥϽ
ҲԼõĻԵƻָԼ

³һʼվɽ£ĿⶢһˣѰǹܰԵӰ
ڷɽһߣͨķһһ˳Ǹߴ֮˵Ѿӽףͬһ޺ȴܰԣߵǸµĺн
ʦҾ㵽ɣܰŽʩһ񣺡лʦָ㡣
ЦҪȥĶ
ؼҰ
ң
󻪰
Цůļڷڴ¡
ҵļڴ󻪣ҵˣܰҡŴԴ
Եķӡ޺ת
ܰץץԴȻ˦´Դô˵ҵļҾڴ󻪡ʦҪˡ
䣬ܰתȥ

һֱܰԵļϣܰҪȴѹöãתͷŽŭ
УҪ
߰ɣ
ߣ
ɲ㣬ϲϴµġ
תɶȥͬճܰԵļϣܰԽ棬ܰȴ޷ѣ˵Ӱܿͱ˺ڵ㣬ʧ
ɽ¡
ȻĿһׯʿׯʿҲȻ˹ȻͷߣȺһ߿ٵشһ߻ͷһ۷ɽ۾һ죬ᡣ
ܣǹ⡭
ȻͷȥϽķ뿪
ׯҲֻǱܵһ£ԼׯˣҲĻ䣬ȥ
ʱڷɽ֮⣬źܶǰֵˣɽʧв˽ɽܼܲˣɽºҡ
ҹδɽ·ɽţ̧첲һᣬҭһ¡ڷɽ˺ܾãҲûҵ硣
磬ء
ҹδĨһᣬݵɽߣ磬ô彻ء
ôͶ㣬ĸ罻ء
δ룡ͻȻһϲô
ҹδȻתͷȥĲ߳һˣбһϲ
ش磬أ
ϵľϲ˲ȻҲ֪ɢˡôˣ
ҲǣɽǡȻ󡭡ء
ޣ˹ʲô
ҡءҵĴǹ硭ء粻ˡ
ɫһǹҵˣ˲ˡ
ʲô
ˡ
һҹδ뱯ʹģֻ۾޵ú׵Һһ㣬촽˶
δ룬ҲֻǶǹ
˵ȥˣ⻰Լţҹδȴˣоϣˣͷ
ԶԶԣǸϽɽɽ硣
ã
㻹ܹ˵ʲôɽſ첽ȥ߳˷ɽҹδ
ش磬ûдɽȥΧһ¡
ãͷҹδ뿪иֳκͱˡ

ҹδһţһߺţҵǱߣأѾ˿ǻ
δ룡
һϤӶ洫ҹδפȥɫһ䣬иֳȵĲýͣ
硭㡭ô
ǹݣǹСӶˡ
ҶأҹδȻ˹ȥһץסǹӣһС˽š
ӳǹͣҡҡͷ֪ʧɢˡ
ǡĸ硭
Ҳʧɢˣ
ˡ
ˣǹ⻢Ŀ᣺ۿɺ׳ˡҴӷɽ֮һֱҴ׳Ͷӳûҵ
㡭ҹδȻȻȥĸ硭ء

Ͷ󻪵Ľ紦
ﲻ
еߣЩеǰ̣ȥɽĿĲͬһ¡
е˴ӷУһеǴӷɽʿеڷɽַش󻪵ˡ
ٵƥֱҹδ룬ǹ⡣


234 ˿ĺѩ
˾㶼ɫȻҹδ۾ɺס
δ룬ѹˣǹ̾Ϣһ࣬ҲصӳѾڼˡ
ţ
ҹδʹصͷϣ
شˣ̾һ̶һʱ䣬ȴ˷ǡ
˭ȻͨˡȻӲԶ׷ŵž䣬û˵
ҹδһǱȥڴ󻪱߽ߣһʾһͨҹδץֵ˫ָǹǽڶڷסͨ뿪ǹⵣǵظſ棬пҹδıӰؿʼǹ׷ҹδ룺
δ롭
Ϊʲôҹδ۾ͨضǹ⡣
δ룡ҲѹһЩϵһ̽
ллش硭ҹδɫЩ㱡
ǹɫӵصģǶ˽ҹδ롣
ˣûдӷɽһͨϣҲأοҹδֻһʮŮӡ
δ룡һ۶ɡ
۶ҹδĿЩ㱣ֻǻеظĻ
ǣͷҲˣǵʥϵĵӡ۶Ĵ󻪵ĸҵ֮أҲϢ֮ءһ˴飬Ҳ˴ȻܰԵϢķŻضں̵ܶʱڣ۶ǸʱҲ˰Ҫڴࡣ
ҹδһϵĻɫʧ˵еڵ۶ȷʵϢ
ھ͵ؿҹδδ룬ϣ侲ǴҲǵ֣ܾ䷢ʲô㶼Ҫ嶯
ҹδץֵֻиֳһͷҴҲˡҴ磬
δ룬˵𣿡㿴ҹδĲ͸¶⣬иǵġ

ҹδ³һ΢˼һµҪȻؼҿȻȥǶڣҾ͸ȥ۶磬أ
ǹûмңһֱҹӥСӵҡδ㲻Һһȥ۶
ã

ɽǡ
䡣
ҹδǼش
ش磬Ҽң
̧ͷϵҶ
ϱ䵱С
壬壬һˣ
ҹδƿ˴ţһһ⣬ſڡĿѸٵɨ
˻ҳһЩ֩
壬壡
ҹδƵĳǰã˺ԺÿԺرͷ£
ء
ǹ⣬㿴δ롣
Ըһ䣬Ȼ߳ϱ䵱СԼһʱʱ䣬ɫѿ˻ҹδѾˣ̧ͷ㣺
ش硭
δ룬ҺˡͻȻʧģû֪ȥ˵һǰһƻ裬ǻ壬ȻڶҲûмλ塣
ûд򶷵ĺۼ˵Լ뿪ģ˵ʵǿλûһ˿ͱץˡ
ץߣ
ԣͷҴˣһڰɽⲢûзλʬ塣
ҡ뾲
ҹδվֱߵԼǸ䣬˽ȥ
ǹһۣ㶼̾һȻҲҹδķ⣬һһ̨ϡ
죬Ȼ׹ɫ谵

̨ϵ˶ӽǹվ߳ϱ䵱Сһһʳ˻Ҳվվ̨ϣһۣ̾һţ
δ룬δ롭
ûлӦɫһ䣬ƿ˷ţһ˽ȥӱ㽩Ӳſڣ𾪵Ŷ档
ĶһȴƻϦӴ÷һ˿
ҹδ뱳ǣ˫ϥһϣϸıӰǱ˺ԭһͷںڵ㷢ѩף˼ɢ˺ϡ
оһɬӿͷૣ˿ĺѩ

һڹٵϡ
ԯǹ⣬ȻĬȻֻõûڿС
ҹδ벡ˡ
˲ǹһҹδڣѾ۷ʱȴɫ԰ֽϢ
δ룬ˣƿҹδֳʹ
ҹδųſ̧˻ֺĴţƺеȻܰԵ·ڶ
δ룬˴Ͷ磬ǾкӹˣҪʲô
ҹδૣ磬󣡡
ˮشջ䡣


235 ۶
ţͣظǰǹǰȥţҹδ
Ŵ򿪣һϲͷڳǹ⣬Ȼ󿴵ҹδ룬ش̨С
үС㣬ǻˡ
زҹδεز𣿡
û
ҹδӱһ£ʵǡҶ㣬ĸ硭𣿡
ûУ
ҹδֻһ£Ļ
һº
ҹδ룬ҹδһ뿪˴
ҹδѾָˣָ֧ǣȻ壬Ҳ˶㣬ĸ磬ǱϾûпǵʬ壬ѾһϢž䲢ûбץ
ЩϢҹδ˼ǿɡûȥΪѾȥˣپȻ뿪˴ʵл˵۶ˣҹδڴҲȷʵûһ˿ǣңָ̣֮ǰ۶
۶
һʿϣ߽˷˵Ĵţ˺óĶ飬ֵ߽һ޸ҡ
޸ҵǷ޸ˮƽߵ޸ʦ֮һһһڡλڿÿֻ³кĩ޸һ죬ҪϺ쳣ѡʿԤԼһֵ꣬
޸һɲˣڴһƷʯҪʮ顣ǰ

۶ˮƽߡ
һţ㿴λڣһͷ׷ȴӤһܹһθУɱȵúͷ˵Щʦǿˡǣ̬ŵüͣ΢΢λǰԼĳ˫ַ˹̨ϣ
ڴˣȱһڣҲ޸½
λƵؿ˿Ǳָû˼£󻹹עһ£Ȼ½
֮޸֮½Ϊ㲹ȱڵĽµģûоɱ
ʿɫһ㶣֮ǰԼڴ޸һŮƺҲô˵ġ
ǸŮʲôţ
ҹδ룡
Сʵڴˣ޸𣿡
ܣλڵصͷ򵥵һַǽȫȱڵĲٲȫֱȱڵĽϣƲȫָܹ̻ܡ
ʿбһ⣺ǡǲиȱ㣬ǸȱһֱڣҺܿΪȱڵĴڣԺɱУ˻󣬲ŶϵĿܡ
λɫһ㣬ͷ˵ò㶮
ʿҡͷǻбķ𣿡
Уڵͷڶ־ǻʱȥȱʧɱĲֱѪи֮Ȼָܹԭܣ޸ֻǻһЩʱ;
ʿɫʼһЩãȻôǸҹδ˵һ
ҼǵǸҹδ뻹˵һʵа취𣿡
УָɴصͷһǽȫȱڵĵطȻȥѰһͬʵĲƱʲôãֻҪ̲ŨɱͺãȻǸϵıȡһϣϲȫȱڣ»Ϸƣ⡣
ĲϣԸ㻻ϣ¿̻죬ǹ󡣡
ʿһŷʩҾһͷڴˡ
ţ
ڵͷʼæԼһʱһ㽫޸ϣݸǸʿ
Ʒʯ
Ǹʿϵļⶼ鴤ˣڿһۣɫ
ôӹ󣿡

ǸʿҡͷҪһͨķʦԼҲǺȥˣʢ֮һԼǺҪ
תȦһ֣ڴˣֻǳԾڴһʦ˵һ
ȻﰵҵϹģ˼ʲôƨʦ
ŶҲ͵ķʦλڵЦˣʲôܹӵˮƽӦʶġ
ҹδ룡
ҹδ룿üͷ룬ҡͷʶˣʯɡ
Ŷã
ǸʿʹȡƷʯЦطڹ̨ϣȻ˳ȥ߳˷˵Ĵţָ̧Լһӡ
ԼǸҹδĻԼķ޸ˣҿ϶Ʒʯʮ㹻ˡ
ǣ޶ˡ
뵽û뵽ô󰡣
ӦʼǮǲҰ
δֻе۶и˰ʿ̾ϢһЩįȥ
̤̤̤
һʵǹٵ̫ˡҹδϣȺɸп
ǵ۶ȴˡҲ̫ˡ


236 
ǰǷ糾ڵˣδ룬ǹ⣬Ǿסҵĸϡ
ãҹδǹǵͷ
˳ţ˳һ·ǰ˵˵ЦЦҹδҲָ˲٣ЩҪȥԡ
οԼ˻δؾˡ
̤̤̤
ͻȻ˼ٵǰ˷׷׻ҵüͷҲһһԿȥȻ̧ͷǰȥüͷøʱһʮѾ˹Ϊһһۿ㣬ɵס˿¿Ŀⶢ㣬ͻȻչһЦ
ⲻ𣿡
磡λ깰֡
ͷĿܿӹǹ⣬ҹδϡ
ҹδɲԭС㣬Ѿһˣ޳òԭΪ֮ǰʮĻһֱܹǿ飬һֶصʡǸ۾һ
ܣλǣ
ҹδͲһ̵ˣֻͨǸ֮ɫ֪˲Ը
ǸĴ磬ԼĿԼģǿҵǡڵҹδǳĲãֻԼһ侲ѹԼеıꡣʱǸ˿еıꡣ
οѲ࣬ϧѡǣ
˭йϵ𣿡
ǹһ㣬ǹЩĿࡣûϵһҹδ˱һ档
Ĵ磬Ǵ󻪻ʵ۵ĵӣô˾Ǵ󻪵̫ӡôʹ󻪵̫˵ĺ
̫ӵɫͲһûôӵˡ
ðɣ
ûôӵͬˣǸ㲻ҹδĵϸҹδǿӲвɽɫһ̽׵
Ǽ
ҹδһͷ׷΢ƮĿϣ
ûмҶܷС
ɫһֳͣһ˿ŭ𣺡֪ô˵ĺҲҺô˵
ſͣ
תͶҵ£ҿԭ㡣
ҹδһͷѩһİ׷ݣоԼͼӿ֡ûмŮһͷ׷ȴ崿ϻһʵģȴǴδ
һĶˣŪĶһֱԼǺܾõİĶԸҹδ뷽ŵ
ر˵ˬȴֹһղܡ
ԭң𣿡
ҹδԼĴ磬ԼĴǲڵžЩѹ裬ŷ𷴳˵ţ
Щǿɶ
ǵŵĵҲʲôö˵ǵѹ˴磬ǵӣôôõŶԴ緢ͨ뵽ɷ߶ڣ
ѻһڣеӣ̫ӣޣ
˵ϣҹδ뻹ͽ
ǡ
ղ˵ʲô
ӣ
˵ѻһڣеӣ̫ӣ
ӣ
ҿģµʱҲûеӣȴúúõġ
ҵβΪΪ־壬мʡ
ϵѾɢȡ֮ʮָӵɫп־壬ĽмʣаĽҰġ
һתû뵽ľҲôõٺãҲһľ񡣡
㶣ȻЦˣ绹ǿǿ
ͨ죬ҡҡͷ磬æģæҵģĿĲֺͬαˣ
۾УȻõЦ˵ǣԺǵӦû׽
ǱˣҡҡͷͬΪı
üͷĬ
֣Ȼҹδδ룬ߣ
˴߶¿ؽֶȥ
̫ӣỽŵҪҪ
ڰֹסǸ˵ҪҰǸŮ˵ĵϸ
ǣ
㻹ЩĵҪܵ飬ҪǸŮˡ
ף̫ӵ·ġ
ա
˳ŽֵУû˵һֱ˽ڵ˼ؽӭ˽ȥҽҹδǹܸȥ޽ӷ硣ϯ֮ڸҹδ밲ŵĶԺС¥ڣĸΧȲ衣
¹ӳĴҹδһ𣬲ʱغҹδ˵ЩĬ죬ҹδ
δ룬㲻öԴէܲȻǽ̫ӣʵҶһ㶯˼ҲҶ֪ͳˡ
Ȼ㣬תͷҹδ룬㣬ǵǡ


237 ҵС
ҵСҹδ뵭˵
ʲô㲻ҹδ룬ǹĿҲҹδϡ
ҹδƽ˵˵ҵС
ʲô˼
ҹδվߵ̨ϣ̧ͷҹе£ҹλã
ҵֻ壬壬磬㣬磬ĸ磬㣬а԰ɡ
̾Ϣһз
ҵ磬𣿡
ĬˣЩףǹɫһȻȥ
ҹδΪԭ򣬼㲻ʮ꼸ϱ䵱е棬ֻôˡ
仰˵ںҲôˡ
񡭡
ʧˣžʱ̴ڱ׷ɱľ档
Ȼܰԡ
ˣ
ҹδһӱù¼źͻҰ
ССУȴǹ⣬ڸжͬʱʹҹδʹ
δ롭ǹ⼸ͬʱڣͬʱֻͣɤ۷¡
ҹδת¶Ц
õңһᴦҵ顣ǻҪ鷳شҴ̽Ϣ
ţͷһġ
лл
ϼһ˿Цݣ֮Ͳ˵ЩˡˣѾ֪ٵϢˡ
Ŷκְ
ţˣΪ׸δ룬ҪҪȥ
ҹδ˼Ƭ̣ͷҲã
̧ͷ磿
ȻԸ̸ʱֻǼԵ˵ĿǻλмֵҪ㻳еֵܡʵϣûд⣬Ҳֻ֪ͷȤˡ
ת仰ӦòֻƷʦ˰ɣ
ţ
þȥˣƷԽߣλҲԽߣҲ󣬱ϢҲס
ҹδ۾һͷȥݻһ´Ȼ󿴿ܷ۶ķá
Ҵˣ˼Ǵ׸ˡҾͿԸ㰲šҪȥʲôţ޸
޸ɣǣܵȥݷһ¡
հ
ҹδ룬ǹż򵥵ƷŴٵĸۡȥǵĶʿеһʿ۾һҹδ˷ܵػ
ҹʦ
ҹδѭȥһоеԼ˼ҹδ벻ȷĿ⣬ɫЩε
ҹʦҰ㻹ǵڴʱҹ޸ˣ
ϣ
ʿγ˽ҹδ뿴ǹǴǰڵҹδ룬Ǹʿ
ǱҹδһӾˣֳЦݵ
㰡޸ˣ
ǰʿ˽ڴһ㣬㡣
ҹδʾԼ⡣
û뵽۶ķں˵һģһ˵һģһ̫ˡ
һʹģҹδ벻ЦʿΣղſҹδ룬ûֻԼҹδ룬ӦõǸʱ侲źȻҲǻ£ԼԽύҹδ룬ԷͻôСͺͷһ˵ض
ҹδ뻹ᣬҹδ֮Լ뱧ȣҲס˰
һͦصҹʦ׵СӵĶӳҽдǾȥԣʲôҪĶܸҡ
ҹδҡͷȴȻһ޴磬ҴˡһŮеĽܰԣŮĽȻõϢɵҡˣλǽ㡣
۾һǴȡȰ
£
ͷδ뽻飬Ҫ
ģæͷ
ٴοڵǻ£ӭ͡
ǣŵ£ҹʦټ
ҹδ˵ıӰʧ׵СӵĶԱΧ˹Ҳ˽̸һ϶ֳ˷֮ɫ
ӳǸҹʦ˭Ȼôӣ
˵ɾͻˣ뵱ڴ

ǰ
ÿŵʱ˰ܿ洫˽Ųд漱Ҵҵ߳
ҹδ벻ɸпٻǽһүƺûзֵӭ㿴ҹδɫڴлûߵǰ֮ǰҹδ
ֻΪ˱ӣ
ҹδȻʵ۵ĶǸλӣд󳼣ر׸ȻҪЩй


238 ټ
δ룡пҹδ룬ɫһ㣬̶ϲ첽ߵǰǶʩ
¡
ڰֵҽֻδ
һĻΪڴʱҹδסĸУһд˽һʵ
δȥˣɲ֪һߣҸ׺԰ʲôˣ
ȥ˷ɽ
ʲôȻס˽Ų𾪵ҹδ룺㡭ôȥɽ֪֪жΣգ
ⲻ𣿡ҹδ뿴еĵǺͽһůشҲȥˣǾڷɽġ
Ҳȥˣеְһߡ
ЦУҲ֪ҵ׷ȥɽʲôϡ𣿡
ˣпЦҡͷܻͺá
һ·˵ţ߽ã˲裬ȻԸһѾ߼䡣ҹδϢȥ֪ͨ١ֻˣʹдһҹδˣбҪԼĸ֪ˡԼĸ׿ǷǳĺͿҹδġ
Ȼ
ûкյ裬˽Ҽæվʩ
׸
ҹδǹҲʩ
²ض񣡡
һ̾Լҹδ롣ԼٸͲԼԭҲûʲôҰģҲûеʧ֮ġЦǺǵ⵹ôٰԵͷҹδģԼ鷳Ŀҹδ
δ룬֮ǰȥĶˣ
ҹδϱֳ˲˼׸֮ǰ磬ұȥ˷ɽ硣
Ŷأôû
ڴҹδܹӷɽһ׷ȻöûнɽƾҹδǸʵôܻŻ
ҹδֳȻ֮ɫ硭ˡ
ˣ
ڷɽҵǹȴûмˡ
ɽˣ
ţ
ﾲЩѹ֡
ҵǹûмˣʲô
£
죬ٿڵ۶ʲô㣿
ҶĸҲȥ˷ɽҲˡҸش۶ϢܹҸϢ
ҲãٵͷϢ죬жȥƷ˾áˣȥǸţ
һȥ޸ɣлл׸
ٰڰֵҪиӪڷϵ츳ضһɾ͡˳ɾͣ̽ϢҲҲ̽
л׸ҹδ뼱æվŴ
аɣġ
εûа㵱͸ˣ˵ͷȻ˵Ĺ뿪
ǳҹδ룬Ϊҹδѵõķ˲ţǰʱ䣬ҹδĪʧˣųһ£֪ҹδȥĶˣûˣ㲻ٶ
ҹδҲֻòǰݷһ£ʵϲûдôٸŽ޸ΪͿԣǼȻٸˣҲͰˡҲû飬΢һȥ
ҹ
ҹδϥԼķڣ΢΢üͷ
һΪ鱯ˣˣһֱûȻ˵۶Ҳܹסҹδľס֮ĴϻҲָˣֻ֪ԼԽǿܹԽش͸Ϣһǵ˴磬ʵȥ
Ϊ
ҹδ۾ʼСе쾭Ѿ۷壬Ѿͨ͸һǿʼͨƢǵС̽һ˿뵽Ƣ֮Уһ˿˲񱩣һ˿Ѫæչ
ȿȡ
Ŀ£Ѫɫò԰סüֻ֮гȴûʲôġ
ֻ΢̽һ£ƿѾﵽ˰˳ɡ΢ֹֻ̽ˡƣ÷õҩڵĸʱ䣬ܹǸԼͷһ˷˰ʱܹȬ
ǡ
ףԼûҵ취֮ǰǲˡԼΪͣ۷硣
ĵ̾ϢһʼԼʶü֮¶һ˿ϲá
ʶڡ
ռϷ·ԼķǷֻ㣬Ϊҹδʱķ˹룬ʱӦˡ
ʮͬǺһΧŷţҹδ벻ʶķҲڳرľǺҹδԽԽϣսΪҹδһָ֣ʹ


239 ָ
ҹδϸӦһ£ϵЦݸŨʮѾﵽɣһʮȻʼʶڻ۳߸ֻٶȻҹδ΢΢һüͷ
һ߸ʶкƮǰٶ߸ëʼڿлַ͹ʽ
ˡ
߸ëڿɢȥֽһ룬ҹδһ뿪ʼֶֹΡЩְ˫йۣ۳һĳ
飡
ҹδץס˽Ժʼ
̣㣬Ĩá
ǻʽ
ʱҹδͣɿ֣Ǳ㻯˿˿⣬뵽ʶ
ĬȻƬ̣Լһ򵥵ķ
ֻܹͨ߸ëʵϣҲֻʮ빹һСһЩķδؾҪʮ롣
Ϊڷƿؾ绹ҪʮɣȻٿʼֻѧһЩƤëԹ߸ҪʮϢʱ䣬ƿطսǴﲻֱӿƷҪȿƷǿһЩٿƵ÷һЩ缸ʮ͸ӦһЩ
ڹ㺮͸ûˡڻʽֻоԼŷ빹ĳһĳӵӦ֣ӦΪǷ뱻ԼɣԼ;ϡ
ȥʽһ
ص˷䣬Ź˨»صϥʶ뵽ĵһ㡣

ɭɭ
Ŀͬ⡣
̤̤̤
һţĺϣԱ߸Ż滹ҹδǰһҹδ룬ֳã
δ룬Ǻܾûнˡ
ҹδɬЦһµһЩ顣һ㿴
ҹδϵĿɬһȻ֪ҹδ뷢ʲô飬ҹδ˽⣬ضǷ˶ҹδܴ顣
ҹδ֣ʮк뵽һ㣬۳һ󽣣С
̣㣬Ĩá
꣬ҹδ˽һһοͷĽѾǳʵˣľǿ󣬵ֻʶ壬֪ƿΣ
ǳȥ
ҹδٴ룬ûгȥֻǽӺӰᵽǽߣλÿ˳һ㽫һӷתƵһܴһ£οҹδ
ʼɣ
ҹδһ֣ʶкһУ̣㣬Ĩá
˽һ
СһЩԭķ֮һɡһ˼һµ
ã
ҹδͷһӳϷͬһһƤλ˿˿عʶֻʮ빹ĳ
̣㣬Ĩá
ҹδ۾һоԼӵӦ֣ûеȽһڣһ룬عʶҹδһδ飬ֱֻһ빹ĳʩչһ齣ʽ֮󣬾ϲ˽һ
һͷΪͻˣ
ţ۷壡
һҲûôͻƵģͷĿǰĴСոպãͻƵʱٳӷ롣ڵĽʽѾˡ
ҡ
ҶԹ㺮ûоķҲǹ㺮·ӡ㺮
ֻ֣Ӧĺ䣬ˮкַ򡣻ÿ쳢Թе
һŵʱùƷĽο϶͹㺮ûȡĿǰΪҲ˹㺮ҸĲνʡ
ҹδ۾һŽһʩǰڡ
һͷĽǷְ˸Ʒģֱġ켶ǿļ˸Ʒ֮ϣ㲻ǽķˣ֮Ϊ񼶽Ҳ֮Ϊͨ㺮񼶽
֮ϣʥʥһҲ˽⡣ʵϣǶ񼶣ҲﲻʲôΪ߽켶
ÿһƷַƷ
ҵõӦú͹㺮һµĽ͵һƷǻƼƷ꽣磬ɡ
ҹδʹͷ֪ʱƷԽߵĽԽãʺԼԽá
һ֣ҹδ뼱æԼеĳݸ˽һһų
ˣֻоʽһһ߽ھ˵
һ֮󣬽һѾ飬ͣҶĽûôҲֻܹڸЩʣµľҪԼˡҿԸιУÿпյʱ򣬿Խ


240 ̫
ãһ顣
ҹδӹ˳һ飬һͷǷڵľǿľܹܺõĿļ⣬Ľʮֱ׼Ǳ׼֮侫ԼˣҴڲʲôֻܹͨ㡣
лл
ҹδ빧ŽһʩһνһʧˣҹδϣʶҲٴν뵽ʶ뵽ĵһ㣬һѾţȥ
͵ɣ
ҹδͷȻ̧ͷһۿеЩԵķ΢΢һüͷԷʱˡȻȥ˵ڶ㣬ĿҲŶٶʦĺ٣µĶǴʦķ룬׼ڵڶˡԼѧһЩڼķﹹ
ǣһ㲻У׼ȥƷ˾飬ȽʦԷɸѡһ飬Ȼڵһ㹹ԷԵһֹ⻷ŴٽãҲҪһֱȥһʲôӣ
ɣ
ҹδ˳ʶһŴոչɹ㱻ռˣһҺռڵľڡȻ㿪ʼ֮˲پпʼ칤ָ˵ҹʱ֣ϣϴһϴ˯
ڶ졣
ûҹδҲ緹֮󣬱Ժһһź꽣
ͬʱ
̫Ӹ
һվ鷿ڣϵ
£λ׷ŮӵûвѾȥˡ֮ǰȥ˴׷ŮӦԴƻʱַǸ׷ŮӺȥ˴׸ϡ
ţȻֱӣȥ˴׸ϣ
ֺǺǵЦȥһ˴תˣҪͽ׸ˣǸǺǺǡ
ĻУ˲мڵ۶Ҳǳ֮ΪϵšУһʹġ
Ϊʥ֮ӣǸλӣȴȫͶ뵽֮Уⲻɵʲô
λ߶ù˾ˣֻҪǸλӣʲôţţǶΪԼ
Ǹɵӣ
λҪѧҪƿģ
лָƽеͶĲмͱӡǵǸϵɫ֮ʱɫ΢䣺
㻹лû˵ꣿ
ǣ˵ͨڴ׸ϵߵõϢƺȥݷôǸŮȥݷô˵£λŮʮӡ
ٴֱӣüͷҲ΢΢жϳģ
˵ӭǸŮӵǴУûг˵Ǹûдȥ㡣ǴмǸŮӡ
ˣ
ǸŮӽδ룬ֽδ룬ʲô֪һλŮӣʮϲãȻҲˣڴ̸ʲôûԼֻһӣ뿪ˡ
ԡ˷ɿؿһ̫ӣҷǸδŮӣӦúʹʲôϵҹϵǳ
ֻλŮȥݷô
ָ̫ûӣûпܣǸŮֻ߷棬أ
ûܣǿԲ󡣻˵ֻǴǸŮӵԭ֮һ
ΪΣ
̫ӵ£˵ǸŮƺʶӣѵӷ
̫ĿһƬ̵֣û᲻ͨύǸŮӣıȡǸλӣ
ֽüͷ˼Ƭ̣ҡͷڷһֱ˵ӡǶǸλӲȤҶⷽҲЩСǣҲܾͰų⣬ҲֻԻ˵ı󡣱ϾǸλֻһӵʸһ˵һ뷨ҲûУ
̫ɫָûӵٶԽԽ죬Ȼסֱżֵ
ӴļӣǸŮҲҪصעǲܾһеȵ˻˵
˵һüĵҲ˽Ůе鷳ˡ
ֵ̫ӵҲҪǡԴǻۣǿǸŮӣҲδػվ̨
ҴĹ
̫ӵͷĿ΢ͣؼǸŮϣһеȶĵ˵ɣ֮ǰǧҪǶڵͼӣҪʱ򣬿ԷӺ͵顣
ǣ


241 

߽ҹδԺδ룬δ롭
ʲô¶ҹδӷ߳
Щ鼮㿴𣿡
Ŷҹδе鼮˻ΣûУڿҰķ鼮
㲻㼱ˣÿ鼮һŵ໥ء
ҹδðɣԺһʱ俴ġ
һҪ
ţ
ˣʮһգÿµ³һ죬Ʒ˾Ŀաδ룬ӦòƷʦ˰ɣ
ţ
ǻϽߣȥȥƷԽߣλҲԽߣκ¶ܶࡣ
ҹδ뽫еս˴ָһ߸ߣһʵԽ𣿡
УǱһһʡ˺øԶ˷ѿ˹ٵʱ;
Ǻðɣҹδüģһһˣ̫˷ʱˡ
ˣҿƷƷʦ֮󣬿ȥƷƷʦ𣿡
УǸʱƷѾʼˣ˵ˡ
Ŷˣ
ҹδҡҡͷһ·ǹԺӣǹҹδ㣬ͣ
£δ룬ȥĶ
ȥ˷ʦȼҹδ
һҲȥһûпʦء
ǹҴ˻ȥһѾ·˳δ룬ʦÿ𣿡
ãֻܹȣҡҹδһԼƷٶȣ
ҪȽһɡ
û£ǹֺǺǵ˵óͣΪף
ҪƷˡֺǺǵȥƸһٷɲˡǵ۶ĵط
û⣡ǹһ£ûʯ£Ƚҡ
ҪɣЦ¸룡
¸£
ԣ¸δῼƷƷʦ
УǾ˵ˡ
ҹδһǰһǵ͸ģһʱ⵹ʱƷ÷ԼġڶǿյģָϵĴָϡ㽫Ǹʱ⵹ʱеõĴȡݸǹ
磬㡣
ɨһֲۣԼ͸ҹδǸвһδڷɽҲ
̫˰ɣǹЩԥ
ŰɣһСҹδǰһݡ
ã
ǹҲûˣһֱҹӥСӵ˵ˣҹӥСѾˣ㽫ݸϵҹδϣһҲνˡƴǣɴ
˵˵ЦЦƷ˾һߺһЩ˴кһᳵ·شҹδ˿˵ĵطҹδϽʯȻ˴һ䣬Ѿ˼ʮˡ
˵ķʽһһжϤԵʼ˵ʱҹδƷٶȼ죬ԼҲԾһ£ԼƷٶп˲١룬ӦԭһԼѾ㡣ԼļƸϡһΪԼΪͻƵ۷塣˿ԼԼҪʱ䣬ܹɿˡ
ҹδһŷ̧ͷһʿʿƷٶȷǳ

ҹδ뿴̫ˣٶ̫࣡
һҲ˵ĶƷƷʦķʦûйڻײ㡣ҹδأ
ˡοڻһʿķʦ˵ûΪǷëǡ
ҹδͷЦ⣬ʼɿػ
ڴ̨ϽŴƶ罫Ҫٵʱҹδ뽫Ȼʮɷߵ˿̨ǰ
ʦˣ
ҹδǸ˹پͶҹδ룬ֱҹδ˵껰вԳ֮ɫȻͷǰһе𾪸ΪܹŷǸոģ̇ͷһҹδ룬ȻͷʼһſԽɫԽ𾪡ʱ濼˵ǼʮʦҲߴߴص
˰ɣ
϶ǣôġ
һдǰõķóס
ǴףҲҪȵ󰡣ôóǰѿ˹ٵɵ˭ô죿ΪǷ˷ʦ𣿡
ŴءóΪ˹پͿոķǰķһ㿴˹ٿ𣿡
ǡ
ɶ˭ʶ𣿡
ʶû
ǵ۶֮Ӱɣ
Ӧǣ
ǣ
ʱǸ˹Ҳ˷𾪵̧ͷҹδ롣


242 ͻĿ佱
ˮƽһʦɣ
ţҹδͷԼٶȣûҲû
Ѿ˱˰ɣһǶ
ţҹδٴεͷ
ֲãǿ˹ٵֳº͵Цݡ
ļʮʦһ㶣໥һֳһ˿¡
˼һŰ
Ѿ˱һǶģ˵˼ѾǴʦ˰Ǿ߱˴ʦĻԼղ˵Ļ˰ɣ
᲻ǺҰ
Ҹô죿
Լʲô
ž
̲סԼһ¡žķڣԵøҹδ붼תͷǸʦǸʦҹδ뿴æ¶һȿ޻ѿЦݡ
˹ٵؿǸʦһۣг˾棬Ȼҹδ룬Ŀ̱ú㣺
ʲô
ҹδ롣
Ǹ˹ֳһ˿ϲͨˣǿ˹ٽҹδϵǼһ£Ȼȡһľƻ£дһ֡
ľƴŷʦǼǣĴƷ
ҹδӹ˻£ǰƷȡȻƷľƻ´ȥһ΢΢ʩȻȥ
ҹʦǸ˹ͻȻڵ
ţҹδתʦ
ûм㣬㲻Ʒ˾ķʦɣ
ҹδ˼һµӦƷ˾ķʦǵ۶ģԴƷ˾
Ǹ˹еľϲŨֳһ˿𾴣ڵ
ŶûȤ۶Ʒ˾
˵ļʮʦֳĽ֮ɫЩ˵УҲƷ˾ķʦǱһ˹ˣ⼸ʮȴûС
ҹδЩ죬ȻǿǸ˹кεľϲһ˿𾴣ǿȴҲʣ
ллʦȻڻǵ۶Ʒ˾ķʦǹˡ
Ŷǿ˹Ҳһǻ֮ˣһӾ뵽˴١иȷЦøºͣ
ˣӭ۶Ʒ˾ܸܹ۶Ʒ˾ǿд㡣Ʒ˾һҪңúý
ˣƷĹ־塣
ллһݷá
ҹδٴ΢΢Ȼתȥƿ˳ȥĿĹˣ˲࣬Ҳͼˣ죬㽫Ŀ˹ֳ֮ɫֻȻһʧܵķʦ
ҹδûпǹ⣬վſ룬ӦΪԼÿһ죬ڶˣ˳ȥҵطԷˡ
Լô죿Ҳǡ˭֪ԵʲôʱҪǳԵƻô죿ԼŶȣ
ˣԼҲȥԵȻ
ҹδ˳¥ݿڣȻ˳¥ȥܿһ¥ȴһ¥һ
õģ֮ǰǻϾ޷ָԭеΪˣ͵˷
ҹδѾ̤ͨһ¥¥ݣɸߴ¿ú㿴һ¥ҽõǰϣһһˣԡѪѪɫ԰ֽʱһҽվڵԣȡŷͷǸϵʿϣȻصͷ˵
Ƿҽԭ˷ֻܹƣĸһ޷ƵġҲ˵λʿƣǰ˷޷޸˵ĸ֮ΪҲµҲ޷
ԣҶס
һ¥źܶʿʱǸҽ
ǣԴһλ¸صķʦȴһ˷ܹ޸ʿΪս˵ĸ
ʲô
ʿ

ĸ
Ƕ޴Ĺס
رλ¸صķʦʻƲԴûУ˽׸Ʒ˾
ʲô
Ǵ˽ľ
ʲôƷ£
Ǽ߹Ʒ¡
ܹ֮಻Ϊָ߹Ʒµˣܹнഫ಻
ӦøмÿǸʱ򣬶Ӧλ¸صķʦδ
ĽҲǷʦĽƷ˾Ľ
ҹδվͨһ¥¥ݵм䣬ͨ죬Ҳǣ˻ȥҲǡЩԼûǸʦôãô˽ôƷ¸߹󡣵ʱԼǣԼԼܹ׬ʯ
罻Ʒ˾ÿѧϰ˷ʿʯԼһݣ׬øࡣ
˰ҹδãҹδԼǲӦ˽ؽǸ˷׳ȥ
λǰմ


243 Ǳ
ʱΧʿһɫ˷˵ȷʵǸȷʵǸδĴм𾴣ͬʱҲƷ˾ΣԱ˵ڷ˵ξͼ˲١Ǳʿ׷׿ѯʡ

ҹδ벻ɴһӣԭΪǸԼķʦֻһͨķʦȴû뵽һ۶Ҳһ˰ɣ
һôûеߵشԼҹδôЩ̫á
һͨʦҲͰˣһڣһҽõôԡԡ
ʱλҽʿּ𾴵ɫдϲ
һƷ˾ͷ˵ľԽԽˣ˵ʷֶ̺ҪƷ˾ǿ̫ˣƷ˾һֱ·硣˷Ʒ˾һЩơһƷ˾رǷҽãҵҹδ룬ҹδڵ۶ȵ
ҹδ룡Ļشһ¥ڹص֣
ҹδ룡
֪δʲô˼
ûб߼ʡ
ҹδҹûб߼ʣ
ҹδǰûб߼ʣֻ벻ûҹδǰ
¥ϵҹδջǵġ˶ǹһ㣬ֵġ
⡭Щ˰ɣ
ǡôôأ
䡭ٸըˣ۷׷ס
һ֪ÿ߰
ˣ


ǰŮ
Ů
ҹǰʲôӰ
ЦˣǶǰˣ󲻳ӣ
˵ֳݵĹԣ˼һΪͷ
ҹδ̧һԼһͷа⡭˵ûͦ׼ѵ׸ҵͷѾˣ
òӺݸ߹󡭡ڼ˵
ҹδֺˡ
Լ֪Լ飬˵Լòഺ޵УҹδԼܹܵġӺݸ߹ҹδԼƺﲻǸΡ
ȻҲһЩޣǸֳĴػµĹ㲩ؽ󡭡

ҹδ붼̧ԼС
ܹ⻬
ôӣ
æȡһСӿ˿Լļǳˮ⻬ֵʮŮഺ޵е䣬һҲûа
Ŷ
ҹδЩӦˣϲֳЦõɫ
ǡֻ֪ԼֺԼȫ˷Ͳ֪ԼòȫƾŲ²⣬ܹȫһŷضһܴˣֲ֮ǰõ¸Լ
顭
ʱڵϣҲһмͳݵǸʿȻ죬ر߶Ѫϱ߸ѪѪ˳
ĴһӼžÿ˶㵵ǸѾȥʿǵϻżͳݣɫͽӲǵϡ
Ȼ󡭡
ּͳݵɫʧˣ˻ɺͷŭ֮ɫһֱŪķŭ֮ɫ̧ͷǸ
ʱҲһƬңǸǰѸٵؼһ飬ֳֽ֮ɫֲߵɫȴһ˵ϡ̧ͷ̧ŵǼ˵
Ǻս˵ģ
ǰǸʿһ£æͷ
ΪʲôңŭǸʿ
ҡˣ⡭Ҫ𣿡ǸʿһãȻ
ɫһ£ȴ̾Ϣһ̫ˣ֪Ŀֲʮϡ٣ܹԾˣ֪
˵̧ͷĿɨˣ͵ǳһ޴ӣΪ֮󣬻˵Ǳͬһ㣬ÿһڶ̲쳣쳣ǼΪܡΪǲ
һֱǱ˵ڣڵȻﵽһֵȻͻڱը塣ԭҪʱģΪûк˵ֱӸ˷˷㱻µǱˣﵽ˱ٽ㣬Ծͱˡ
ǡô죿Ǹʿҵʵ
ϳε޷÷ǵҩҲܷãΪҩڵᱻǱգ󷴹˺壬֮˾ˡΨһİ취Ȱγڵܡ
ǿ鰡Ǹʿˣγ
ΣҸûҪ֪һˣͰγһڵǲȵġҪγڵܣҪΪܸߵʿܹҪȫɸɾأһ˿ǱܵذγҪһ۶Ĵʿܹ


244 
˵̾ϢһʶǰϽ̧ȥΰɡ
ҲʶǸʿˣһ
ҡֳЦĶʶ
϶۶ɣ
Ǹֳʧ
ǰ
۶¶ûһ۶ĴʿûС
ӦС
ǵԶȥˣҼԼȥ˵۶Ĵʿ
ʱ¥ϵҹδȴüͷԼƺʲôȻѸٵؽ̽뵽ָСԼʱ⵹ǸʱΪڷڼķУȫԼѹҹδ븴˺ܶУԼĴָСԼԼڴʦķпһַ

ƾĹЧ
ǰγܵķ
ǸʱҪ֪ʱԵĿɲޣʿкܶǿ壬ڵǱܲôϡС
Ǹʱ崴ְͬζࡣ
ĸʱͨռݶġҲͨ˳ΪҽҽְΪͨβζǸͨ˰ζһָҩܹͨһ̲صĶذγǽʿڱͽǱܰγ
ֻǸʱҹδûѡȥѧϰַѡĴʦѧϰӡȴСҳǸ򣬾̽ȥѸٵؽĶһ飬뵽ռ䡣
ռڣ̨֣ǳ貰Ͽմ˿˿âַһǴеİһֵĸ֮İ
ҹδ̿ʼϰϰеİڶڷ⣬оĳ̶ȣѧϰʦķǺܿ졣ֻϰ߱飬ܹɹȻпʼϰ֮İҲֻϰľű䣬ͳɹػ
վ¥ϵҹδ˫ۣ˳¥ʱűƿǹ˽ȥԷˣҲֻ·̯һ磬͸˻Ȼҹδ˵Ҫһʱ䣬һǰأ
ҹδܹͨˣֵġһ͸оһ¥ڵղͬʱһϤ
ã
ǹ⼱æѰȥҹδںǰ˵ĺ󱳣ÿ
㡭
Ǹʿͷ׷ҹδ룬֮һá
ã
ҹδһ˵ţһǰȥ
˶дһ˿ʼˣȻҲÿҹδܿߵ˵ǰȻӣӴָȡ˷ֽʺͷī
ߵЩҽõķʦؿҹδĶЩ겻ᡣ
ڵҲ㶵ؿҹδ룬ڼž
ͻȻ˰
㡭ڸʲô
ˣ
ҹδȻû̧ͷֶͣؿʼȴʮֿϾ˼ҸղŽԼöˣֳԼԼ˱
ˣȴȻȻͷҹδ룬ԼʶȷƷ˾ˣоһ
ѵǷ˵ļһ
Ҫô˻ҽʿԴﵽƷ˾Ч
ô룬ʵʱ䣬˷ҹδʼѹƷˡһ򽾰ķ˷Ǻ
ǡ
Ǳ
Ƿܹȵ
ֻẦ˵ʿΪȨ
ԣ
ӦòǷ˵ľ˵Ů˽ԵľҲǷ˵ţǾԼһţԼıºܸߣܹʿƷ˾Ʒ˾Ȼһҫطˡ
̫ˣҲֻ˲ָ̬ͲĽ
һڵϻȥǸʿ̾ϢһУʿˡ
۶û۶Ĵʿ֪۶УĴʿôܾһͨʿ
λ۶ʿϾȣ㸶˵ʯ
ԣʿˡ̫ʿս
Ŀҹδϣһ
ȻʿˣǾΪƷ˾װɡķŮǲܾκõġ̫Ұ̫󣬿϶¡
ֻǾؿžͺã
ǸʿһЩʯǰѡ
ǡ
۾ʿȴŮӣǷ˵ķʦǸʿˣԼعŮݣܹһˡ
˾ҲͷĿⲻҹδڻŷϡ


245 
ʦʱվԱߣϲĵʵʲô
ʱҲ΢΢üͷΪԼȻʶҹδڻķ
ԣ
еϤ
üͷϸ˼Ȼ۾ӶˣŷЩ
ƷߣڴʦķѾȱʧ˲ٵĲ֣ȻкܶҪȫǼǧû˳ɹ
ѵѾɹزȫİ
Ʒ˾ɹزȫ˷һ
Ҳһ¸صǰ
ޣ
ʲô¸أѾȫİȴǲʱƷ˾ⲻǵ¸أֱϼ޻
ǡվҹδһһϷҽʱҲҹδ뻭ʲôЩ
ǡ
ţ
ҹδֶͣᡣ
Щ˶Ʒ˾ķʦԼͬ¡ؼǣǶôԼһһʮҸ顣
ǡʲô˼ǸʿϵԱСʵ
ʱأأûǸʿСĻλϷҽһɫѿضǸʿһ顣Ǹʿ̼
оˣ
Ҫλʦܲܳɹ
˵ͻȻԼʶʦвһĿתѿɫҲʶʲôһɫʮѿ
ôˣ
¥ϷͻȻһȻһŲҲѰȥ㿴һ˴¥ɫһӱøĿⶢеһŲʣŷŭһֿ־塣
ĿⶢŵǸˣǷ˵ĸաߵƷ˾ĸ˾˵еҲǷˣһƷ˾ˡ
ʱˣǰݷƷ˾ԭΪΪƷ˾Ϊҹδ˷ΪƷ˾ӮҲ÷˸оѹƷ˾̸еġʱˣԷ̸Уҳӵġ
ǷǾ仰ǲģͲܲش𣬼æڵ
˾λϵʿˣʱûǣ˷ȴܡ
΢΢һüͷʱѾ¥ݣÿһ·ձȼûϾƷ˾ȷʵҪƷ˾ף÷˵һֶеķȡ˷ֻû̸ףʱɫҲǺܺÿȻҲ£ϣƷ˾¶
ʲôһߣһʵĿʾһ¶ڵϣҹδ롣
λʦֳԸ
һ£һ٣һҹδ󣬵ͷȥȻУ
Դյľ̾еĲѣϱ㸡ֳϲתͷ
Ʒ˾Ǹŵķʦ
̾ϢһɫӵѿѹӦòƷ˾ķʦҴûм
ɫһ䣬վһԵȴɫһϲаƷ˾İѵǷ˵ģ
ʱɫѾָƽȴǷŭ쳣ѾˣֲýմƷ˾˵ʲôһӡǷ˲ȫ˰ǰҳӣƷ˾ġ
룬˺ʿǹӶġ
ΪҳӴ
ԭϲɫһվһڣ֪ǷˣƷ˾ķʦܹȫⶼĸɫԻпʼתӦԷǰҳӵ顣
һԵ͸¶ɶƵľϲСҲ
ѵŮʦǷ˵λУ
ΪվҹδֻҹδһͷҹδΪһϸˡ˻żһͷ׷ϸˡ
˭أ
÷
ڶϼ
ӰЩ񰡣
ʱΧһЩںʹʦҪǵ۶أںʹʦһĶࡣʱǶھؿҹδ뻭ԽǿԽľʵ̫ˡ
һã
һѹ͵պͲȻתףŭԼվ˭漷


246 ˼
ɫһＷ㡣պͲ㶼кøУΪ㲻ȤԷҲȤźǿ츳ȥ˺Ʒ˾ο¡˱΢΢ͷ
£
㹰ֺЦѡ
ѣһ㡣
Ҳһ㣬Ϊݣڷ˵ʶˣҲкܶ˶кøУܳѵȴûС˶ɵݣĹϵڶϼ÷ѡ
ǰ
ʱѾҹδߣҹδ˽⣬ֻҪҹδ뿪ʼͲܲɹֻ۾Ц̫һϴŽ
ҵĺѣ˵ֳһ˿ֵȥμӴʦ˰ôôͳˣ
۾ȻһѽμӴʦˣڳһƷ˾μӿˡ
˵μƷ˾ĴʦˣĿƵض㣬Ŀȵķ·ҪڻʱȴȻ𲻰
ǰͷ˵ƻڻƻʱֳôôͳˣ
ȥԱԼµȥʦп˹ٹˡ
ѽʲô֣
ҹδ룡
ҹδ룿һԵȻ
㴫һѹƵķ׷
ҹδ룿λȫ˷ҹǰ
԰ɣ˵ҹδһλǰλҹδ뿴ҲͶʮҰɡӦͬͬհɣ
ԣ϶ͬͬգ
Ҳڲȫλҹδ밡ѵҹδˣôҪҪĸ֣
ޣˣ
ŻȥҶӸĸ֡
ؿǰͦصһ˰ôһһէģ
ѵ뿪۶꣬òˣ
̤ǰһ˫ץסĸ첲ĸҹδ룿
ʱҲĿƵض㣬𶯣˫֣һüͷ
ĸҹδ룿ȻǴҹδ롣
ȫ˷Ǹϵļⶼʼ
ǰֺһоʱܹǵ˷財ᴫȾɣ
˾ǡ
ܵػȻתͷΪŤͷŤ̫ң׵ǵľҵʹʹһܵ侲˲٣ɫһ䣬ת
£ҹδʦô𣿡
ǰʲô𣿡
ʲô𣿡źˣ˭ܹ뵽ȫ˷ˣôһѾܣ
԰ʱǸ˵ʿֶӿڣԻղ˵ҹδһ¸أӺݸ߹ػ㲩ǰ
ৡ
ĿŹֵϡͨ죬ΡʱԱߵĲȴһ˿
ԼЩ۶ķʦҹδ˷ҹδʵ϶ҹδ벢ûĹע
Ϊʲôأ
ҵĳأ
ԼȻԭЩ۶ķʦǣ뵱ȻΪܹȫ˷ķʦضһˣҲ˵Ǹȫ˷ֻһʦôķʦӦֻڻԵɺ֮£ȫ˷ûʲôֵҲûȥע
֪ҹδôһķʦ
ôܡôܲصע
ô˵ǹˣԺΪ䡣
ʱɵˣ
ҹδ룿
ȫ˷ҹδ룿
ܵ۶ȫ
ؼƷ˾ġ
㣬·òã
һԼƽֵʼеתżԵİ취Ѿֵһٽɵӡ
ղǷڣܿ侲Ѹٵط
ԣ
ѾͷҲͶʮңܹΪʦѾǿˣܹȫһ˷Ѿ콾ˣôֲȫһ
Ҳţ
Ŀ˷ֽϣضţһ¶˹Ȼ˵οЦݡ
ҹδڻķĲͬ
ҲоȻûоףǷͬģҹδڻļЩΥ˷ĻķƲκһŷУעʧܡ
ѾͷֻǶ԰оڼǸʿΣգҪֳһԡ
ģԸҲҡ
ȴ˽ģ
̫ˣ
ңһֱƷ񣬵Ʒ˴ʱʹĵص㣬ѵġ
ͱڣ
ԼҹδĻᡣ


247 
ҹδûе⣬лʮ͡Ǵʹҹδվ˶ӣƷ˾һص㣬ʱ¶
˰ʲôСʻ괬
ԸԺܹܽѵԼҲǸһΣɾ͵ĻӦøмԼ
ѹԵһԼ˵̻ˣܵ÷˵˶ǣҹδֻǾˣǧôķڶûвȫķôô⣿ܹȫ
죡
Ƿ˵һᣡ
Ҫʧܣ
ǸɫһϲʹصͷȻ󼷳ȺҲɫһ䣬æĿŷϡ
ţ
˵඼ɾһ
⡭Ծ
⼸ô
еԼѧķͬ
ǡҪʧˣ
ɫһӾͱˣҪǵʧˡ
һӾ˷հŵĿģҪҹδѣҪҹδ밡
ʱôķһ֣һԺҹδڷ磬ͳˣǴ粽С
Ȼתףգ䣬ѹ͵Ｗ˳
գˣ
յ˵ˣӦܵϵǴҪְ֪Ǹõģǻ˵ģ
ضգеŭ·Ҫճɷĩ
ҹʦ
ʱЩ͵ҹδʱѾƷߣѾİϵǸʿͷţȴתͷĿ峺
ҹʦ
һڿˮ¶ţʱҹδѾһ˵ˣһѣ˻˻۹Ʒ˾Ʒ˾ҹδƸˮ
⻹ǳҲҹδ룬Ҳҹδ밡
ҹʦҿʿѾûˣûбҪŷ˰ɣ
һ֣һ취ֻҪȰ˵ҹδ벻ͷһжɢ
ҹδ峺һ˿죺ܾȰֻҪŰܹڵܰγȻͷż˷Ȭ˰
㡭⡭ôͲȰأŷˡ
͵ɫҹδһӻȻˣΪҪγǸʿڵܣҹδ뻭ռķЩʦУտʼʱоЩ죬ʱ䳤һЩоرȻʱӦǸоʱΪԼİʧˡ
ҹδ뿴ǵɫ֮ǰԼģ
ԼĴӵ߰
ԼӦùһӦðοԷԷ⡣
뵽ҹδϱ㸡ֳƵЦݣһִЦݣһֻ۵С֣ļ
õģްģ
ȻҹδתŰͷǸʿϡ
űҹδִЦŪëȻݵȥֹҹδ룬ȵӦѾˡ
ҹʦ͡
ոպ֣ŷѾڵϵǸʿͷˡ
ŷһǸʿǰϣܹؿǸʿļһ¡ͬˮһǰȻǰӿŰ˷档
һ
ܹڷߣͬɫ˿ߣܹؿҹδһץŷϲؿһۣȻҪսָУֻǰ;һ٣ս˹ǰĴС
ڰγ֮󣬿ԴڰУڱҪʱͷųȥΪһιֶΡȻһͷţŰĵˡ
ҹδ뿴﷢СǰΡ
ҹҹʦ
˷ҹδָŵϵǸʿ
Ŷãϡ
һղſۿγܡ
ҹδĲȫ˰
̫ţˣ
̫ţˣ
ʱûиĴ顣æӴȡ˷Ǹʿͷš
ͬʱձоԼǰһڣڵѪҺֱԴ塣
Ȼɹˡ
ս۾Ѿҳһ飬ζҡһ£Ե·סỽ

ܻţܼռƽԼľ
ãȻ˸ոԼȥ֪ͨ˵ķʦ÷˵ķʦƷ˾
ҹδɹˣʲô
ΪҹδȲʣ
ȻƷ˾һƷ˾ͷǰƷ˾ѧϰ
У
øϿ뿪
ȥס˵ķʦ
ߣ
ֲָȺȥ
ˣɤźָҪȥĶ߶ӭӷλİš


248 ضͥ
ŲգжóѪˣͲȴ֪ʱ󲻵ã˵˸ͲˡԣûлͷȻӲǲȴøˡ
ʱֵ˲ãԼһǸϵʿȻЦǸԣһڴʿ
˾塭
ܺãǳãЦݣ԰ȥˣϾܹѹˡȻǽѡŶ
ͣһ£ŰӦշѣʵ̫ˣһӵ
ŰͲշˣѾˡ
ллллǸϹŲϹҹδϹϹ
ʱȴҹδ룬¶еЦݵҹʦȥ¡
ҹδ룬ԼҪƷ˾ˣ˾ýǱġͷ
¶ϲɫ룡
ʱ˵ķʦ˸߲ҵشӷ˵ĴΪ׵ǸɻȥķʦʱǸʦӵм䣬һʦʵ
˵һ˵ʿȥƷ˾ȻƷ˾˷ܣǸʿˣ
ԣ
⡭Ǹʿ˰ǵ۶û۶Ĵʿ޷γܡʱ򣬶㶼㲻Ǹҹδ롭ˣǸҹδǲȫ˷Ǹҹδ
ȷ𣿡
ȷˣ
ֲȫİⲻܣʱһ׷ϸ˿ڵǷ˵ķڶϼ
о˶ʮ꣬ûһ˿ͷ㷽˵ˣǸҹδֻжʮң
ǣ
ǾǴ̥￪ʼоҲоڶϼ϶˵
԰֪ͨǸʦüЦ֪ͨλһȥƷ˾ۿǿɲʧȥλᣬҪһӰҹδŪѣǷ˾ܹһɨơ
ڶϼͷһɨƵǴҪģؼǲЩˣ΢еɾͣ͵ò֪Լ˭ˡ
ԶԶԣ˵ĶԡǸʦȻߴ󲽸գ
ôˣѵǸҹδʧ֮󣬲ˣϳ
ǸʦȻͣɫ԰ף֪Լ˵ˡôᱻ˸ϳ
㱻ϳҲܵ˵
ǸʦһۣȻ󲽼ǰߣȥ
ȥڶϼסգΪʲôȥ
ΪҧǸҹδɹˡ
ɹˣڶϼ𾪣ôܣ
յг֮
ôţǣڶϼЩʧ񣬶˴ֿڡ
㶵ؿһڶϼҪ֪ڶϼƽʱǷǳ߹ģǵڶϼʧĿ⣬һֱʮеķб㲻ͬ飬̾Ϣһ
Ǹҹδôţǣ
Ʒ˾
İ칫ҡ
ҹδ룬ǹϡصĲҶ˳ҹδһڣڳ㣬޵
ò裡
Цеҹδǰɣ裬ﻹһЩһȥ
ⲻðɣҹδЩ˼
ûʲôõģһӣֲ裬ƽʱҲԸȲ衣
㷭һۣƷ˾˭֪ǲƽʱԼҪŪ裬Լ˵Լ裬ԸȲ裿
Ǻǡ
αϼһ
ǡðɣҹδֳϲɫлл˾
˾Ǹ˾æǫѾ֪ͨ˾ӦÿҪˡ
Ļ䣬æվȥŴ򿪣һһߴ˽
ϲܣ㼱Žҹʲô֪Һæ𣿡
˾ʱҶվҸһ¡
ضͥ㣬ͷ㼱æʩ˾
ضͥѾĿҹδǹϣĿܿǹƿǹϵһ۾͸оһʿҹδ벻ͬȻźԼһʡ

ⲻһ˿ϲ
ʱ򣬲ѾʼܣλҹδʦҹʦλƷ˾˾˾ضͥ˾
ҹδʩ˾
ضͥĿֳݵ˼Ȼ۾һǴǸȫ˷ҹδ룿
ǣҹδͷ
˾ֹЩ
Ŷضͥ˲һۣȻߵԣ£Ȼʾ˶£ŵ
˵


249 
Ӱ
ӰӾһͦȻʼϸؽ飬ȻԼҹδһһʴ
ضͥţǴУҲֻżһ˿ʣϵɫûдĲֱӰ꣬ضͥҹδ
úܺã
лл
ҹδϵǹžʱ⵹ķɽսۣۼʶ棬±ǹضͥҶͳ˧ôΪһ˾Ŀ佱
ҹδƽùضֳͥһ˿⡣˵ҹδСʦˣӰԼ佱һ䣬ἤ졣ҹδɫȴû˿Ĳⲻеλ΢½һ˿˲ŷӦҹδҪԡ

ҹδתͶˡ
ֻҪһ룬оȻԲ鷢ˣڵķ˾ǰ֮ǣϸֳеЦݣ
δ룬ڴƷ˾Ʒ˾ˣǵļˡ
ҹδͷʧȥ˼˵ضͥĻвһůѽ˵Լļˣֻͷ
ʲô㣿ҹδͷضͥɫкʹ顣
׸Ҽ۶Ʒ˾ҹδ
ضͥһ
ˣ
ҹδǴ׸ڴƷ˾ģӦǴ׸ĸǷˣҹδ벻ߣ
ҪǸţ
ҹδˣ̵һȥ޸ɣĹ졣
Ҳã
ԭضͥҹδƷоţרоЩзġȻҹδѡҲֻܾҪҹδľͺá
δ룬ô
Ժ˷һƷ˾Ȼк˷һķֳɺ͹׵㡣
ǵȻضͥͷзֳɺ͹׵㣬ҰڴʦƷģ׵Ҫ˷ܶࡣɣǻķֳɺ͹׵֪ܳͨ㡣
ˣ
׵˿Ʒ˾Ĳڿ飬ôܹһϺ򵽣򲻵Դûһģ
ҹδһУ
Ȼüһ֣һöϸ˺ķָ֮䣬ݵ˹ضͥǰ
Ҫķ룬ԽԽá
ضͥؿ룬ͷһöԷ룬ҪԵĲϡҹöӦǺ޵Ĺͷɣ԰ɣ
ҹδ΢΢ҡͷǣǺʿĹͷɡ
ʲô
Χ˶ɫ𾪣Ҫ֪ڴ󻪣岻ûУǺ٣ޡ岻ǿ󣬶ҽƻһ㶼ص˵ˣ뵽ǵء
ضͥνӹö룬ĹۿȷһöʿĹͷƶɵķ롣һµ
ַΪƣǷǳ󡣡
ҹδоһϲҲ֪ڴ󻪺ҵĹͷ˵ǺԵ壿
ȴû뵽ضͥȻ˵ܹƣȻ벻ͨضͥõԴоͺáʵ
һöķҪʯ
ʯ򲻵ġضͥҡͷ׵ԡҴһ£ӦвǧĹ׵㣬⻹ǰİϡһöҪһٸ׵㡣
˻
ҹδ벻ɵһʵ̫ˣȷɽս۵ʱ̫ˡǸʱҲô󣬿Լһķ벻ʮͲˡ
ˣ
ǸʱսʿʬеǣʱʿѾѼˣοʬ壿
Ҫһ٣ضͥʵ
ҹδû̻ش𣬶ôܹһһЩǸɽս۵ʱѾزȥˣԲʱԼû⻹Լй׵㣬˾ʯ
׵㣡
ԣ
׵㣡
׵㶼ԼòȫķģȻû˲ȫķԼиķкܶࡣ

ҹδڽ࣬ҳ۶ҲΪҪ¡ԣ׼ķóֳĲһƷʦóȻóʦķƺЩ
ʱضͥĿҲװҹδǰϣǸľƵĻ£΢ɲһüͷ
ľƻ´ҹδֻһʦȴȫ˰ǿǴʦƷķ಻һ
ҹδѾǴʦˣ
Ĵʦ
飬˵ҹδǸոմӿҲ˵ƷʦĻǸոյõġ˵ҹδ׼һһôԼͲҪˣװ֪һһҪܹʲô̶ȣ


250 ѧͽ
ܹλӣǸȻǵȻ㵽
Լ¶ҹδƷҲҹδ죬߶ԼĽ䱸Լװ֪ˡҲÿҹδ뾿᲻Լ
ҲܹжϳҹδƷ˾ûнģߡġ
˾ҹδȻԼڴʱ򣬻ûϽ㿪ʵζһ
ضͥ۾΢ҹδ˲ȫ˷
ķҪȲȫõĹ׵һЩһŷʦķʮ׵㡣ʦһٸ׵㣬ڼķһǧ׵㣬ڼķһ׵㡣
ضͥûмȥٽȥǷˡ
ҪһöضͥöݻҹδַʮֻҪ룬ַĲǺʿĹͷ֪жˡҲֻһöɣ
˵ʵܹһö룬ҳԾ
ҹδ죬аʮ
˾ܵĸҶưɣԽԽãһ׬׵ġȻʱֶٹ׵㣬Ǿ͸Ҷٷ롣
ضͥȴҡͷУܵи׼ȷ֡ʱƶˣ㲻Ҫˣʱ˭
Ҫ֪ʹ÷ԭ٣һǺԡ
ҪɣҪһ׷룬ȸʮɣʮ
ҹδǳ鴤һ¡
ʮ
İҹδֻõͷаɣʮɡ
ҹδЩ뿪Ʒ˾ص˸ϣ췢˸£ȥƸԷˡ˷ֿȥү飬ǹȥȥˡѾѱҹδ뵱ԼΣÿ춼ڿԼʵ
ҹδҲָԼĹ֪Լ˵飬ڵԼﲻæֻίʹ׸æڵԼֻвϵԼŻ߱ԼѰ˵
Լƶһƻ
ھ棬ÿҪһȻռսȥΪҺΪԼĴ칤
棬ÿɻȥѨֻѾľѨתôĿġ
һǱѿľѨڵĴڶڳѰƿķȻ֪᲻Чܳɣϣܹҵ似ȫ꽣ʹ롣
һ棬ѧϰȫÿ춼ѧϰڼķѧ֮󣬱ڷڹڼķսȻҲǸķ
ֻϾʱȥѧϰƷ˾޸޸ϾʱѧϰӦ㣬ܲܲ
ҹδóһ򣬾̽룬ԼĶзʦķ֪ʶͽȥЩ½½һЩֶܹʮ
ա
ҹδ뾫ӵǰƷ˾ǹԱߣصŻְ߽Ʒ˾㾶ֱǰӰİ칫ңǹվ⣬ҹδŽ룬ڳӰ֮⣬һʮӣҹδ㼱æվӰҲվ
δ룬Ҹһ¡ҵһֶӡһƷʦ츳Ҳԣ޸ҪһѧͽҪѧͽ֪Ƿԣ
Ӱкж¶֮ɫҹδȴֳԥ֮ɫ
ѧͽ֮Գ֮ΪѧͽΪѧͽûгΪʦһʦԼѧͽҹδòʡΪڴûһʦȴһʦѧͽ
ο
ǰֻвʮ꣬ԼСȴѾһƷʦˡⲻ츳УѾһС콾ˡһԼѧͽԸ
ԼɲҪһүԼѧͽ
Ŷ
ðɣ
϶Ը⣬ΪҹδѾпΡ
ҹδԥӰѾ˼ּƻжһҹδ뷨ȻЦ
δ룬ǲǾһʦΪѧͽЩϹأ
ǰҹδæͷڴʱûмʦķʦѧͽġ
㲻ҪġӰһǴ۶ǵ۶Ʒ˾ܲǷʦ֮ءĲ࣬Ƿʦࡣ
ܶʦĴʦڵѧͽǵϾһָ㣬Լȫͬ
ǡҲֻһʦ
ӰؿҹδɲһķʦҼܿǴʦˡ
ҹδһԼȫ飬΢΢ҡͷ¶һ˿Цݣܶ˶Ѿ֪ԼǴʦˡ


251 ۶޸
ʮĴʦһǲȫ˷ͰĴʦǵУһ콾ˡֲҲֳ֮ɫ
Ը⣿
Ը⣬ҷǳԸ⣡æͷ
Ǻðɣҹδͷ
ɫһϲؾصҹδǰҹδʩһ
ݼʦ
ҹδһʦǽҹʦɡ
ϱֳһ˿ʧٴʩݼҹʦ
ʦʱһʮϽƣһʦͽϵΪһ塣ѧҪΪʦʦҲҪѧͱѧʦĴϾѧδѧ۵ҲʦкܴӰ졣ҹδûһ˽⣬Ƿ츳Ʒȵȶ˽⣬ôΪͽ
ЩʧӰļúøҹʦѧ
ܵԼļ΢΢Ҳ˹һʦյôף
Ҫģ
͵͵սȭͷһܹͨʦĿģ
ҹδȥһԭŵԼ˵ʦƷٽóڼȻܶ˶֪ԼǴʦˣҲûбҪˣϽίƷ˾ԼƷ¡
ҸĶʮַʦķҵõĹ׵㶼ɷ롣
ӰɫһжڲزסԾ
ʮ֣
ôģ
æӹ򣬾͸룬һĸȻȻ̧ͷҹδ룬һ
δ룬ȴȥ޸ڹµ㣬зֳɣҶá
ллҹδ¶ЦݣЩ鷳¶ӰԼʡġĳصл
Ӱҹʦ룡
޸Ҳҹδ飬Ҳ֪ҹδ޸ԣҹδ޸ûе۶ʦطķʦĿ⣬һҹδʮ顣
ܲ
쵱пҹδʱȷʵһֵֿѹֶΣʲôˣͻΪȻڸտʼʱȻҲһ㾴ҹδ벹ȫ˷Ƴҹδ룬һֶΣʱǰĿȺ𾴣ֳݡ
һжΪ˺ƴڣӮöԿ˵֡
ԣƷ˾ǷƷ˾еķʦֻҪлҪҹδ롣ǿſţΪˣȻȻؾӰÿƷ˾ǽضҹδδı˺øУҲһ˿˿塣
Ȼ˵췢顣
ҹδֲȫһз
⾭һؿ佱ҹδ룬Ǳʶжҹδ壬һӾͱˡ
ǣҹδ޸ͱ޸һ
ȻҲе˶ҹδкøУҹδֲʯϲһЩ˶ҹδ벻ϲе⣬ϾЮЩӭҹδȺУȻҲ¶
ԣУҹδ˵۶Ʒ˾޸ʶһȦ֮󣬱һٶʮ޸ҡⲻҹδࡣ
۶ǵ۶޸Ҷô࣡
ԻһӣдţƷʦҹδ롣
ӵĿıǸЩǰ޸ʿƷʦµķ޸Ʒģȥ޸ҡ
߽Լ޸ң洰ɨһɶʱѾȡԼĲҶΪҹδݲ裬Ȼ󹧹طҹδǰҹδ뿴û¶㿪ʼѯһЩ֪ʶ֪ҹδڿԼĻ̴˾ػشҹδ⡣
ţ⴫æСſڣŴ򿪣վһŴǹ꣬ûǸʿĿɨǱǹ
ƷʦƷ
ţ
ûгΧȻ֪ҹδѾһʦȴƻ޸ĹأʲôƷ޸ң޸ʲôƷķ
ҹδҲڹ۲жһӡ
һЩŰˡ
ʱǸҲǰľƻ£дһ֣ɫһ䣬ƫͷȥǸӡ
ɣҲǸ޸ķʦҹʦѧͽ
۾һ֪ڵ۶зʦѧͽġ

ǵӣ
ʲô˶ܹΪʦʦģҪΪһʦʦҲһڣʦûʸ񡣵ǣǰ߼ʦȴΪһļʦĵӡ
ԣ
ղ˵ѧͽ˵ûгΪҹʦĵӣڿ׶Ρ˵Ǹҹʦĺ


252 ڰ
֮ҹδ޸ǱҹδģϾһ꣬ҹδڵ۶ܴ󡣵ҲЩΪƷ˾ҹδķ涼˷Ĳ֪ҹδ޸ˮƽô޸ҹδ֣Ҳ֪ʲôҹδ޸ҵķţղлһ˿ڣǴʱȴһڴ
߽һͷ׷ҹδ룬оȻһ˿šؽǸ˴ǹ˹̨ϡȻεҹδ롣һԣҲĿƵضҹδ롣
ʦͽͽҲѡʦ
ȻԼ弫Ȱ˵ԼΪҹδĵӣԼҲҹδǳ𾴣һ˿ݡܹԶʮ䣬ΪʦҪԼࡣȻֲȫ˷ͰҪּһΣǾţû˿ִͬȰ˵𾴺ͳݵҹδķ磬ȴҹδ޸û̫ġϾֻжʮֲ꣬ȫзɼϣʱϰ޸
ǣͿԼʶһҹδ޸ˮƽȫעҹδֻɨһǸ˴ǹû̿ʼ޸̧ͷһǸ
˻ǹ޸һǰԭеķ޸޸ֻ֮ԭеľųɣӦ֪ɣ
ǣҹʦ֪
Ǹͷһ˿Ȼ˭ҲԼΪµıܣǾͺñԼĽˣò˳ɫ
ǻһ޸ȴܹԭһܡȻҪһЩѡһ֣
ҹδǿľ˲͸оԼΧĸС̫ǶԱ۾ֻ۾ûȡ꼤˵
˵ģ
Ȼҹδƶصͷ
ǸһȻСʵҪʯ
񣡡
ҹδỽһڴʱҲԼĵӰˣȻغͬʱҲ뵽˰
ûи۶ΪĸĸڴڵİѾΪһƷʦ
ϣܹɣ
ʱѾڣѡһ֣һƷʯѡڶ֡
˼һ£ûָܵ޸һҧ
һƷʯ
ҹδһ㡣
ڣ
ڰ
ֻһʦķһǼ򵥵Ļǹֻһֻơ
ȴû뵽Ǹȴ̵ͷѡڶ֣ţһƷʯ
ǸȡһƷʯ˹̨ϡ
ҹδ뿴ǿ龧Ө͸ɢɹԵƷʯип۶˾Ǯ
һĨ㽫ǿƷʯȻǸǹڹ̨ϣѾʼ׼˹ߣȻʼͿĨ֭ܿͽ𻵵ĵطĨƽҹδ뿴һ£ָû𻵵ķƵ
Ҳú֭Ĩ⣬ָ˴ǹ𻵵ĵطСǸǼƣﲻһܵĿġ
ǲˡܿҲĨȥȻҹδƵʼ̻ӵʱ䣬㽫ƲȫʾǸ
ԣ
˷ץǸ˴ǹע
䡭
ǹðһ棬۾һܹɫҪĻǹһЩʱѾϲغ
ȻǿˣȻҹδ빪ʩ񣺡лҹʦ
ҹδڰ֣㻶ϲص뿪ҹδûʿ޸ȡһֻܼǿ˲Ϣʱ䣬ҹδ̧ͷվߵ
㿴Ҹʲô
ɫֳŤεɫҹʦǸǹ
ѧ
ţæͷ
ҹδ뽫һԣһȡֽͷʣһ˵ǹһֺܼ򵥵ķͼ䣬ҽǹͼˡʵϣҸͼ̻ĻǹɣࡣֻǸıһС֣Ҳֻܹһɵˡһ㿴
ҹδһ߻һ߸񽲽ţ֮󣬽ŷݸ
ûȥѧĵطҡ
ллҹʦ񼤶ؽӹŷҪȥһоȴҹδʵ
һƷʯ𣿡
һ£ŷӦ˹ҹδ˵޸ǹķá뵽ҹδԴ㼱æ͵
ʣ˵Ҫˡҹʦǵ۶ʲô󡣶⻹ΪǵƷǷʦǴʦ޸һǹĴʦշѶǷʦշѵʮ


253 ѵľ
ʮҹδ۾˼˵һʦķֻҪǴʦ޸Ҫʮ
ǰ
Ҳ˵һʦղ޸ǱǹܹʮƷʯ
԰ȻصͷǰշʦƷշѵģǰշƷշѵġ
ԣҲô˵ǼȰշʦƷְշƷշѡ
ˣʵһ֣󣡡
ԣͬصͷϻŽ
ǡŷʦƷķȥҴʦ޸Ҫʮļ۸ǲɵ𣿡
ȻˣʿԼıԼ֫һ֣ǳӡʦˮƽȷʦߣˮƽԱȴʦߣΪԼ֫һ֣໨ʯһˮƽߵģûʲôԡ
ǡһʦܹ޸ðʹʦ޸ûʲôͬ
ץץԴƺûϸ£˼һµҲӦðɡҹʦѵһʦһʦ޸һû𣿡
ҹδҲӦûеģϾǴʦ̻ķҪȷʦܶ࣬ǵǿԺԲƵġ
˵ڰֵˣȥоŷɡ
ǡҹʦ
ҹδҲǱ鼮ʼ
ˡ
Լİ칫ڣˮ
һ÷ǳ˳
˵ĵҪƷ˾ǿ̫࣬ûйġ
󻪣Ϸ򣬱ѩзˡ½ųȻĵλǿԺĴʵ۷ͥġ
ȻĴҲԽƷ˾ΪԷ˵ĵֿǶڷȻ˵Ʒ˾̫Сˡı˰ڵĦҾΪֲ࣬žѡˣƷ˾˫ĲֻԽԽ
ǡ
ôͳһҹδ룿
Ȼܹȫ˷
˷еʿ棬ӰʹˡҲΪӰ죬Ʒ˾ʷһռϷ硣
⻹ģƷ˾˷ҲֻһַԷ˵ĴҲޣʱţӰͻԽԽͣʱʹһЩֶΣһЩۣ˷ͷ˹Ҳûлᡣ
ǣƫƫҹδ뱻ﵽ߷ֵʱҹδڵ۶һθ˷ǰҹδ˷ͷƷ˾ƽһ
÷ô
飡
űƿյʱŭˣ˭ô󵨣ȻҲţʹķ䡣Ȼ̧ͷһ˫ŭ˫ĿˣȻڵһվ
ĸôˣ
ſȳĴĸȻ̧һܣŵĴ󲮡
ոĸ󲮺ʹĸСȻڷֿˣ󲮺ʹĸʺĸĸûʲôһڵϣҲͻˡ
նȾ󲮣ĸǰץյֿ޵
ĸȱޣҴôˣ
ˡء
ȥ˰
ȥˣǾȲˣء
ȱޣҿһŵȥһ߶ʵ֣ʲô
ּæڵõܣҸױˡ
һӾˣϵɫҲȥãҽεĹУǲǱܱˣ
ǣһͷ˵ǾȲˣ۶ûܹȵˡ۶ĴʿȰγڵܡ
յ˼һƨϣ˫
ֽͰ͵õܡǷ˵ĸϲʶ۶Ĵʿ
̧ͷŴֵ֪˴󲮣ΪʲôҪҩԣ
ǲּ֪ҲȥɽûгֹҲʶ֮ȥ˵ˣҽεĹУǱڸڵܱõڵĵʦϳܡ
õܣ취
ǸһģӰ
ձҡţͻȻֳһͷ
ҹδ룡
۾ڵ״ֻҹδܹȴ󲮡
Ѿͷʲô̥
Ȼܹȫз
ҪΪķӣмΪ㲩ķ֪ʶԼ硣ǣҹδֻжʮ갡
̥￪ʼϰҲܰ
ѵϻţ
ǱʶʵѾҹδһšҳһţɳٶȻܿ죬õԼ䣬ͻᳬԼ
õܣõܡ
ԼԼںԼҡҡԴԼ˹б㿪ʼᡣ


254 ҽõ
Ĳڿҹδ룬Ըȥҹδ롣ǣԼĴ󲮣ͬ׵Ĵ󲮡˼˾
̧ͷֵ̧֣Ŵ󲮸ȥƷ˾ȥҹδ롣һҪҹδ룬ҪκηʦȥơҲҪңҪ˵ҵ֡
ȥƷ˾ĸƷ˾ܹģǷ
˫սȭͷָ׶ٽģ
ŴĸЩɻոоۣΪ˲ᣬ͵
ҹδ벹ȫ˰ܹγ󲮸ڵǱܡҲ֪˺Ʒ˾Ĺϵȥˣᵽң»á
ĸֶˣĸԥǡƷ˾ҲӦкܶʶҺ֣֪ǺĹϵ
մʱзǳܣоеģо衣
ĸ̫ͣŵļ̧ͣŴȥ
ðɣĸͷǸҹδУ
У϶Уÿһ˵С֣оĵ裺Ͻȥɣ󲮸󲻵ãһȥ
ǡھȥ
ĸһӴҴ뿪ˣϣоؿһ޷й
Ϊ˵ĸȻñķʦԼˣһǵжƷ˾ķʦǰѷ˲Ĺؼĸоû
ţΪʲôƷ˾
˵
˵ĸ˭ţ
Զ
ˣ
һʦ˽
ȥԶص۶ְ
ǣǸʦ΢΢ͷ˳ȥ
ϴһȻվȥϵķʦһʿȻ󻹴һñӣȻ߳˷ˣǲԼĲȥƷ˾
Ʒ˾
޸
޸ұٵƻڳ԰ҹδĸһ
һʻ
͡
ȼķƻ࣬ͲȼգǱըˡ
ҹδҲüͷ̧ͷš
·ʣʹܵſڣѷҪǳǰ޸ʿȴվһʦǸʦҲ͸ļ򿴵ҹδ룬
ҹʦǷҽõķʦǱһ˵ʿ
Ŷ
ҹδɫһ࣬վΣ飬ҹδ뼸ſڣ
ߣ
ҹδǰ棬Ǹҽõķʦں档Ǹҽõķʦ
ҹʦȥҽðæӦзðɣ
УǸʦһ£æͷ϶УĿһر
ǰҹδǷһ˿Цݣ˵ѧͽ治֪ΪԼȡӦõ棬ôһˣԼࡣȻؼˣӡ
˵ԼѾ˰
ҹδЩʧ
ӰӷԼӡ
ҹʦߡ
˷ҽãǸʦߵǰ棬ҹδһ䡣һͦʿ˴ϣҲڣҹδˣк
δ룬鷳ˡû취㲹ȫİûܹ
ܶ𣿡ҹδһǰߣһ˵Ҷ໭һЩȷ
̫ˣӰ˵֮ǰɽûģҲ֪ĶġǱѾȥˡ
ҹδͷվ˴ǰȷǱܣ
˽ȷģ޷ȷ˷һŰշѵġ
У
ҹδԱߵǰȡֽͷʵȹߣһԵ̿ʼĥӰ˶£οصͷ
ҹδܿͻһŰݸӰȻǱߵӰڽӹ˰֮󣬱ͷմ󲮵ϡ
ʱյĴĸͶƷ˾ſڶĶĲ¥ǵŶƷ˾ĴšѾһ·һñӣ΢΢ͷ߽˴ţŷҽȥսȥãŴ֣Ҳˣһ΢΢ͷ߽˴š
һǰһ߽˷ҽãڴɨһۣûзҪҵˣǱ˴˿ˡ̫ϤˣװһҲǱ˴˲ϳˡ˺ܿʹյһ飬ǽͷһ㣬ѹ
õܣҲˡ
ø磬أҲѹһһ΢΢ͷϷۣشܡ


255 Ͷն
֪Ҳ΢ͷ۾תѹûҺҸһһŽǸײ̧֪ĸˡ
˭̧Ųģ
ڵǺٳŵģϳ
أ
ҲǣҲ̧ŵܽȥˡ
ķҽ̫࣬ңһ£ǲȥġ
˷ֿһǰһߣ·ʶ
ҽһȣת˵һսǵʱ򣬴ӷҽô߽˲õԱͻȻ֣˲ˣ֪ҹδѾȫ˰÷ҽþѧ֮ǰҹδһЩ
ڶҹδأǰ޸˵ҹδ˷ҽãִҴһҹδһЩһ棬Ҳ÷ҽ׼Ҳþͻдı˺ʿ͹
ֵߵúΪҪѰңÿߵһǰҪһڵǲȴߵúܿ죬һžʹӷҽõķʦӰĸ䣬ֱǸȥ
ֵѰţȻת˵ڶսǣĿһԼڵվڲԶһ⡣æס˽Ųͷѹ
õܡ
֨ѽ
ſȻͷ˳
ǼүѾˣȽѷýˣȻ̧ߡ
Ȼһ˵һߣҹʦȥҵİ칫ĻЩ
ֵΪݵص˼ת˹սǶ˶һۣжֳ˷ɡ
ԼĸףκˣԼûб֡
ɫͻȻһ䣬Ϊķ˽Ų˱΢΢ͷװ˵ȥǸǱٽӽˣڴǸ˸ϽȥȻ뿪Ʒ˾
ӰĲؿһյıӰȻƿĿ⡣һ룬ĿתصյıӰϡ
ʵ̫ϤˣһӵĶ֣˵ǱӰˣֻһֻ֣ܹϳɾ溰
գô
յĺ󱳾һӰŲһ٣ȻתͷŹսҹδһüͷҲȥ֪˭ӰôкԼѵĳƷ˾Ĵ
Īĳڣ
Ĳܵؾǰߣչսǡȴ˴ӹսǱߴļٽŲ֪Ӱҹδ롣
ֳ֮ɫǵȵ̧ͷתʱϵɫѾһ˿Σ洺磺
˾ⲻϴ飬뻹бҪȥ
۾һʵûһֱ¢˷ҹδܹϽ˷Ҳܹ˷ǷڵȣһΪ塣УΪƷ˾̵Ҫ棬Ǳġϴû̸ףҲԸ̸ȥǣһоЩԾ
ôˣ
һţⲻ˵ұ˹
ɾòԾǺҪ̸ⶼǱ߽С¡ϱҲֳ˺Цݡ
ʱӰҹδҲת˹սǡ

ҲЦӦȴԽңӰʶԼ֡Ҳǣ˶ǳƷ˾ģֻЩ͵ķʦʱʿӳȥԡʶԼֺͲӦöǵͽ׷ʦҲǴʦˣľ͸ȶˡҲ뿪㺬Ц
ƺҪҪæԼʱ䣬´̸ҾͲˡ
˵ҹδͷҹʦпգӭǷ˽
ӰһӾ;ϰҪǽţ
ʱ˽ŲӰȴû⣬ǽŵΪԼ뾯Էסյ
Ұһ£Ȼȥҵİ칫̸
䣬ɽִвٵʿ˺ԷҽҪôε׼
ӰɫҲࣺǣ̰š
ֽĿҹδ룬¶ЦݵҪ鷳δ㾡ܵһЩ
û⣡ҹδҲȻ
̧ŵܴӹս˳ڵϵһңû뵽ԼǱܣȻܹȻ
ţ
ԼĶӡԼֶӣһӾ͸
Ͷն


256 ֳ
һȻ΢ЦգһӾͱ޲һطȥʱҲһƬ㵣ԼĶӺֶӾȻûиϽܵԼߣΡʣµļȴ৵һĿϡȻ󣬱λԼһ΢Ц߹
λղڽ𣿡
ǰͷһҵĶӣһҵֶӡ
գЦгϷʡ
յЦгΡ
첽ߵ˵ǰЦеס֣壬ֵĲ
ǰҲ¶Цݡ
¶˹еЦݣ壬廹ðɣ
ãã
ǵƻɣ
⣬̫ˣ
ͺãҺǺѣܹҵң
лллл
뿪˵ܣЦеסһεռȥܿת˻ȣ˴ʱźܶǰҽҽεʿ
ܽ㲮͵Ʒ˾ҽΣƷ˾ΣƷ˾Ҳҽκ˲
Ѿ˵ʲôˣ䶼˵ģˡ
ԼΪƷ˾ڱ˲Ʒ˾
ôͣ
ȥôͣ
ôͬŽͣ
ʣƷ˾෴Ƿ˵һ
⡭̫ȱˣ
䡭
Ȼڵʿˣһպ͵ϵָָ㡣
Ǹ˾գ˵ʶ
Ǹϵ˾յĲ
ǷβˣҪƷ˾Σ˵˵ĵҪƷ˾ǿܶ𣿡
ϻˣڵ۶˭֪Ʒ˾ȷƷ˾˷𣿡
ˡ
ոоԼĶˡ
ÿÿʱ򣬴ſڴһȻ㿴һȺŴʽʿһܳ˽
ҽ죬ˡ
Щʽװľˣɫһ䣬ӭȥ
Ʒ˾˾Ǵɽģ
žǸŲȻŵشˣǴɽġ
ɫһ䣺Ǳ˵ģ
ǣǾɫҲࣺ̫ˡ
ʲôôࣿɽ֮ǰûгֹ˵ͣҹδֵ
δ룡
ףҹδһ߿첽ǰһߺӹҪƷߺͷֽ
ˣ
˰ӣʱҲˣʼؽһֽϣȻĥʱ˺ʿ̫ˣ뵽ҽˡҹδʣպī㿪ʼ
Ŀһ˼عۿԱ߻кܶʦڹۿ
ҹδѸٵػտҹδߣø棬ģǲġ
һŷ㿴ű˻ܹѧġÿһķƴϸǳǿǧ򻯵ģû˸ϸʽǿѧġǵþǧε飬ܹҵȷķ
ҹδıʷһԹ۵ʿɵˡ
ûٰܹô
ûмţô
ʦһǮְҵΪֽͷīܰԷʦûл˷ѷֽͷīҪһŷļŷֽͷīֱ󡣵ȻһķʦȻ쳤վõĹУﵽţǧš
ǣǸողȫ
ԣ
ӰĿһⲻĳŷ⣬ҹδĻ̫ʵ̫ˡ
κһŸӵķķƹɣӰھ磬ܹҹδĻƻ̫ˣ̫ˡ˵ʵҹδĻҪʵ
ڻϻ˶پ
ܶʦʱҲߣǿ֮Ǿ͸ӳԾˡ
ôʵĻǵû˶ٸֻƣ
óΰɣΣʮΣ
Ķٷֽͷī
ⲻҪģҪǵúķѶʱ;
ҹδŶ
ôʱ;
̫ʵˣһʦ̾ҸоҵĻҹʦһ
бҪʵ𣿡зʦʵⲻǵ𣿡
ٶȺͳɹʰ˸ǸķʦͣԽʵĻԽܹ֤ɹʡڲܱ֤Լÿɹɣ
ǣǸʦ˵
ĻʵһЩʧܵĴͻ١ңƷٶȻܿ졣
Ҫô𣿡


257 
Ǹʦ̲סǸʦͷһµƷ˾ڣƷһЩû⡣һСӣķù£ͱ״ĶԱˣҪˣٶȾʦȼһƷӦȥһ¡
˵Ľ̸ȻͣΧ˶ܶʦֳ˼֮ɫ͵Ǹʦͷ
ף
һֱۿշһϸڣҹδ뻭İһƺԼϤĲһ
һò˵ĿҲע˹ȥȻҲ˲ͬǸտʼʱ򻹸оЩʣǿſţȴ־÷ǳȻ
Ȼ뵽ҹδϽЩķʦķͼ䣬Щƾָо
ѵŰҲǱҹδˣ
ôоƣȻ˵Ϸն̲ס૳
һԵӰͷΪҹδĥĿƣһź
һҪҹδΪʦ
һŰɿȻͷڵϵһʿϡȻƷ˾ҽõķҽǵͷ˷ʼʿ½ѹ״ڷɿĺת
Ѿҹδ뻭˺ܶˡ¶һ˿ЦݡͱΡ
ҹδ뻭ķܹˡⲻ㱳ͼľܹġڰƵĴϸǳ;ǿûа˼Ҳ˵ͻַյֻıڵĶһҲûա
ȻԻȥԼسԡʮƹɡ˱γִϸǳ;ǿĹ·ҪԵʲôʱǸͷ
ҹδÿһŷᱻվһԵַɿȡߡͬʱַɿظҹδ̺һµķֽһֱڹעҹδ롢ҹδ빴һ֮ǰ׼ʦľ硢Ҳѧͽøϸ¡׼ȷ
ΧķʦĽҹδ롣һʦһڴ֡ȴûпһʦһʦ֡ѧͽĹ
ǻ֪ҹδѧͽҲ˵񲢲żҹδһ֡һֱΪҹδѧͽĹһʦѧͽĹҹδʦֱ̫ˡ
˼ҡеĲ趼ҹδ֮ǰֻҪҹδҪܹǰһ׼ݵҹδֱߡᵢҹδһ˿ʱ䡣
ǷʦֵơѧͽǷʦǶڷ̫ࡢ˵ûʲô⡣ѧͽһЩҪʦ֪ҪʲôѧͽŻȥڵҹδд⣿
ʦƷһ׵飬һϸѧͽҲһ׵顣
ֽǾһ֣ʲôķһַֽ
ġ
ֽҲֺ֣ܶԷҪԵķֽԶӦķֽΪַֻܹӳܡīҲˣʲôķҪʲôķī
ÿʦЩ໹ϤѧͽԷʱѧͽһˮԷֽ߷̶ֽˣȴĥ֮෴ķīڷʦ˵һجΡһѧͽһѧͽҪΪһϸѧͽҪ㣬Ҫܳʱ;
ǣЩǳΪʦĻֻЩѧ͸ˣпܽһѧϰΪһķʦ
ʿ࣬ʦٵԭ֮һ
Χһ̾ϣ̶̵İСʱҹδ㹻İʮ˵ʿȫΡ
ٶ̫ˣ𾪵Ĳͨķʦдʦڡ
ǣҹδûͣҪİΪ֪ʲôʱ򣬱һԱ
ȻڴԼһʱҹδѾһʱӿһ̧ԱһһƫŲ
˾ĵ
Ѹٵؿһ飬ϲɱɫȻҹδ
δ룬ҪķʦǰɽֳΡΪ˵̫ˣǣڵɽʮΣգ㲻ȥҿ¡Ҹ
ȥҹδϵ˵ʰҽֽͷīԽԽá
Ǹƫҹδ룬ֳм;֮ɫ
ҹδȴûпǶԲ˾Щ㹻ӦЩԱˡˣ
ǸƫҪҹʦҹʦ飬ҶҪԲ˶ߡסҵԭ١
ǣ


258 ɽ
̤̤̤
ٵڴһʮ˵Сӱмҹδɽ񱼡ҹδ񣬶Ҳǹ⡣
ҹδ̧ͷѾΡɽԼһӺɽ£ʱɽѾӽԣλƫ㳷·ϣһͨ
ҹʦλƫֳǸҪˣҪ׵̧㣿֪ʱܽкֵܶܵȥҽΡ
ãҹδҸϡ
ƫɫ΢΢һɵؿһҹδ롣ͨ£ʦ嶼ҪһЩοҹδ뻹һŮӣ
ǣҹδѾ˵ˣ̾Ϣһ˵ʱԼɣǲֲ֪Լ
ˣ
лĿǹϣʱɡ
ܸ𣿡ҹδתͷһ
ûжٵǸʱ䣬ƵߣȻû⡣ǿƫɫҪʵˣԼ⸱塭
ҹδ뿴ɫλƫҵѧͽϣ
ã
ƫǳ鴤һ£а㻹ıˣ
·ҹδһɽȥһ˵
ãƫͷȻԼıȵҹʦ
ǣ
ʮʿһ硣
ɳɳɳ
ƫǰһ߱ܣһ߾ع۲Χ״ͬʱʱػͷһҹδ룬Ծǣҹδ벻һֱ󣬶ɫƽ֮ǰһ㣬ûм١
⡭һ
Ϊƫһܹ϶ҹδΪԲҹδһö䶼ˣӡУҹδһȫͶڷ֮еĴķʦȴû뵽˼ҵΪҲжҹδһӱø
ɽΪʲôô˵ɽ֮ǰδֹҹδƽ
ҹʦЩǴһɽڳġԭûгΪǸɽԭŵģǲ֪˭ǸšһЩСӣš
һ
Ӧǡ
ЩǶģ
Ҳġ
Ǹûг֣
ûУ
һţһ߿ٵɽ䴩šʱѾһʿҹδıӰӯĲеľ֮ɫŨͬʱҲһ˿ݡ
ˮƽߣ̶ܹȣôģ
ҹʦٷɽͷ͵ˣ
ƫЩ˵жҹδӵľ壬ҹδĺһҲûб仯˵ҹδΪߡⲻͨʦӡ󣬵ȴҹδ롣
ɽ
ҹδɽһ˲䣬Ϳɽ¶һɽǰĴʽװľˡһ˿ʼɽȥԼһӺ󣬶洫˺
ֹѾֹͨС
ϳ飡ǸƫŻٶȣһǰߣһߺȵ
ʱľʿҲϳ飬ĿҲҹδϣɫһϲ
ʦˣôԱܶ࣬Ȳġ
֪ÿϳһߴӾʿ߹һ˵ֻܹҹʦһˡ
ҹʦΧľʿæҹδʩ
ҹδڰ֣ϳĽŲɽǱ߿첽ȥĿŶȥ
һͱڣŽӽھԼһҵͱϣһڣǶʯţֻǴʱʯѾ򿪡ɽϷͱϣʵɫֻЩڶڶϷϡû֮ǰЩʵὫǸڱεʵʵ˷֡
Ӧûĳ֧СżȻȻʯš
ҹʦ죡ϳҹδ뺰
ҹδ˳ϳĺȥͱ£һƬʿĿɨȥѾҪﵽһٸʿˡ
죡
ҹδ첽ЩڵϵʿȥʱϳѾƽһʯ߶Ⱥһ¡ҹδվǿʯǰϳѾӴȡ˷ֽȻʼĥ
˷𣿡ҹδʵ
ˣʱ˺ܶࡣ
ã˷ϳ飬ڰЧ֮ͷ˷
ǣӴȡһ˷ϳС
ҹδ뿪ʼƷѾһʿվҹδԱߣҹδÿһŰ̱ǸʿߣȥҽЩڵϵʿҹδƷٶȷǳ죬ٿ죬ȵŰеʿ֮ɫѾ谵


259 ɽеս
ˣһѾʼѸٻָʿֳɹϲá
ǣҹδüͷȴ΢΢
ɲһķʦʱ⵹Ǹʱμӹս۵ˡԣط֣Դ֮ûһԱҲ˵ҲûдǸɽ߳һʿҲûмλ
ֻһλʿһ·ɱ˽ȥҲûһԱһΣ˲Ա
Ͻҹδϳȥ
ҹʦϳϴǡ
أ
ϳϴǣͱϵǸɽɽˡ
ȥƷ˾ʱ򣬾ͽȥˣ
ţ
ôûԱ㲻𣿡
ϳɫǣĬȻ
Ҫȥҹδ뿴Ǹɽ
ҹʦ̫Σˡϳɫһ䡣
ΣҲҪȥҲŴʿȥΡ
䣬ҹδͱȥ
ϳɫòͣľ棬뵽ȴɽڵЩʿһҧ
һСӸҹʦ
ҹʦҲȥҹδȥ
ҹδֵʵ̫ˣ档
䣬ҹδһԾżͱڣѾɿŰ׸ߵɽжȥƽءϳʮʿҲ׷׽ŵͱڣϴȥܵͱ£ϴŽϲȥ
̤
ҹδӰѾʯ⣬½Ծһʿϳǰһҹδ뵲
ǰ档
ҹδͷûȥһ˿ٵɽڴС
һչͨͨ룬úڰҹδȡһŷŷһţƮҹδͷϣҹδƮͨ
ֻͨʮ˼ٵĽŲҲû˵ʿȴ˲ʬ塣
ЩдССֻһ׶೤ȴʮ׳
ϳ龯ɨЩʬ壬û͸ͻȻ𡣵һ·ϲûз顣
˴Լңϳɫһ䣬˴ͨǰ洫սвҽ
һ˼ӿ˽ŲȻǱ㿴˹⣬һɽڵģӣҹδѾɽڣȥ
ɽһɽȣɽڣʱнǧʿںս
ҹδ̽ͷɽȥ
һ߸ߵͱڰΧһɽȣͱڶͶ⻬ҹδĶͱϣҹδ뿴һڣʯţʯǹŵġ
ʱɽУʿŶͱƽʿܼͬһӿʿ󣬱ضʬ壬ʿʬ塣
еѾ̽˸Уֱʿϣ¶˸еʿʬ壬еʿǱĲס˵ʿҵ˵ϡ
ⲻ֪ôô
ҹδջ˹۲Ŀ⣬ĿǵϽ̴ȥѾռƣҪμսٵռ˵ʿҽΡ
䣬ҹδѾͱȥżͱϵ˼㣬Ѿӯ˵ϡ
顭
ϳʮҲѸٵҹδΧϳǿɣ𱣻ҹʦʣµİԱ
ǣ
ǿһһֱֳվҹδߣʿǳսѸٵؽһ˵ʿȻٴγսҹδʱѾϥ£ѸٵĥȻʼ
ߣѸٵػһŰԵĸǿŰҹδ뽫ͷԵʿϣûеȵ֣ҹδʼһոջŰһʿ˹ȥͷš
ǰ˱תͷȥϳʮʿҲҹδʼһһŷͷš֪ϳŷʦˣһҹδ룬˽սķʦ࣬ϾʦսС
ʦϾǷڣûзûսĿ⣬ֻһɨѾҹδǰһöľƵĻ£ֻһƷʦһѾͷ

ֳһ˿ͣȻתͷһնһֻͷ­
һ漸ֱͱڰΧɽȣڰ죬ҲǺѾǻƻʱ֣滹⣬ɽڱ㼸Ѿͬҹʿ˵ʼӦ
ʿںҹĻеû˿⡣ΪһͨͨĿһͨ˸ܹںڰڣҲܹЩʿǶһʱ֮䣬ʿʼӾ硣


260 
ҽʼȻӣֳ˽֮ɫȵ

ʿһʦĸʦͷųһŹͬС̫ƮɽȵϿգһӽɽյͨ
ҹδ̧ͷһʦʦҲŷں͵ؼ
սʦ𣿡
ҹδ֪ʦΪ֣һѧԺɷʦЩʦݺ͵λߣ޸ҽ飬Ҫǣоܹ޴ķַܹʦӵеƫϵķ츳ǲ򲻵ѵ£ǲսġ
࣬ʸţ
һֱսʦַʦƷսǣַʦݺ͵λȴѧԺܶ࣬ǵķ츳еƫ£ڷ·Ѿ϶߲ԶԼҲоԼķ֮·õͣͲǰ
õò׵ķʦƷ˾ǷˣǵĸƷ˾ͷҪԴб츳ܽ׵ķʦϡ
ҹδ˵ƷʦʲôҲƷ˾ÿ¶²һЩԴҹδ룬ҹδڷϵ̽ҹδһڣܳΪһƷʦԴͻµԭÿ·ƷʦԴͻ½ƷʦԴһûͻƵƷԴͻµƷʦԴԴơ
Щڷ츳ϲʿǵԴͻԽԽ٣ԴĶȱضӰǵķһѭԣǾͱԼȥѰԴΪǵķԭ͵ͣҪ޸߳ΪҽȵȡԴõԴ٣Ϊǵľ޸ƷߵķƷߵķȻ۵ļֵҲ͵͡
ԣսʦͳΪǵһѡͨӣߺͱʿСӵȵȣȡԴ
ǣҲķʦܹΪսʦΪҪӵʡԣܹΪսʦˣͨǷеƫ£еƫ£涼ôҲһʣܹΪսʦ
ķʦôӵкܸߵݺ͵λ
ķʦѧԺɵķʦ𣬻ͳʿҲ𡣴һĵλҲЩսʦ˵ķʦǿ
Ҳϳ鿴ҹδ룬ֳԭ
ҹδѾƷʦܹȫзķʦǾͳѧԺɡƫƫҹδ¶ʵ츳ͲӡеսʦˣֱǷ˫š
ҹʱ֣սѾʼϡҹδѾһʱ˷ҸЩ˵ʿͷšȴû˿ϲáΪԱ࣬ڵϵʿ󲿷ֶѾģֱɱġ
̫࣬ûĺ٣
ҹδʰ˺Ʒߣս˹ڲϵĴڣָϵĴָ˶ʱܲþͲá
վΣڹĹâ£նɱһֻҹδŶȥǰʿ׷ÿǶҹδ뼰ʱľΣжҹδ˸м
ҹδ뾶ֱǰΪ񣺡
㣬ܺãͷȻ̧ͷĿ˶ͱϵǸɽ˻֡
̤̤̤
мʿ̤ڶϣ֮󣬱Ѿվɽʯǰ˺ʯȥصʯŴ򿪣ʯǰʿս׼沢û֡ʿ䱸߽ʯţԼӺһʿʯ߳
ȫ
۾һֵջʱˣҵҪʯʲôܣ
飡
ڵһ壬α
飡
ҹδҲڵһ壬бͱϳȥȻżͱ㣬μ䣬ѾʯǰѾʯǰؿҹδһۣǳ鴤һ£

Ȼʯȥҹδ͵͵һ˱ܾ׼ǼȻûоܾĵĺľ͸ӵȸԾ
̤̤̤
žͨԵÿտĽŲͨԼֻаңȻǵǰһѾ򿪵ʯšҹδ߽ʯţһ󣬴Լֻʮƽҵʯңʯҵڷһڰ棬ڷŸ߸ߵļƤڷһʯͷšŵһˣ˵·ͼⶼѾãֻʣüӡ


261 ϲ
ʯҵңԻһʯţʱҲˣԱվŷŽʿһʿæ˵
潫ûΣգһжûжԭ
ܺã
ͷߵʯȥҹδ뿴һ۰ϵЩƤּȻк棬ûпԼҲðʧȥ߽ߵʯҡ
ߵʯڿտҲǽȴܼĴۣҹδ˼һ£֪ӦѾǸʿĵط
ĿɨʯңתұߵʯȥҹδҲ߽ұߵʯţҹδ㲻΢΢һЩüͷﻹŸζ
ʯҪܶ࣬ʯҵһ޴ʯ̨滹ڷһЩߣһЩߣдСһͬ㣬Ƿǳʯ̨һʬ壬ѾãܹһֽɺܶεǣԱҲһѶѸõĻҽҲһѶѸõĻҽ
ߵ˹̨ԣеĳһǣЩǾ˻ҽ
ҹδĿⶼЩϣ˼һûЩǸʲôõģתص˵һʯңǸǰһƤҹδҲһƤ
֪ЩʲôƤôãɽʵԡҹδѸٵҹδж¶˾֮ɫ
ֻǿ˼Ƥҹδˡ
ʿӦںܾúܾǰʱǱܣͻ룬ܱܲܽԼһ似
ܵĻԼӵ似似Ҳ켶似ԣץ˲ٵɽȣԼǱоһٶƤ涼оеļ¼ҹδзһ˿Ϊһμ¼
Ҫ츳ͨΪĹҪֳ֣һڵڵǱһǱ
ǱҪﵽָʹĳ̶ȡ
ҹδд󶯣оɹˣԼܹоɹǲܹؿԼڵ
еƤȥһƤȴһְֻƤϡ̧ͷ㿴Ȼɫ
Ǿջ㿴ˡ
ҹδֳ֮ɫǰסеļȣɿƤֵ
ôܹõЩƤϵݣ
ضͥ룬ضͥͬ⣬档ҪƵļֵ
ҹδͷܹͺá
һʦΪʲôҪЩݣԭҹδΪЩ֣ҲҹδһѧԺɵķʦ
ǳҹδҲû˼
ǳо˸õǳ
ֻõڵĴС
ӵشҹδΪɲֹǿڡ
ҹδɫҲ
˵Ȼֻǵõ˿ڵĴУΪʲôܹ
Ϊȥ˷ɽԵɺҵһȪȪУȪˮܹʿڱҵֲʿǿȺͳҽͻƵǣûȪһҵƻҵ壬޷
ĬһЩƤҵİ취
ҹδʵ£ЩƤֱӵĴ𰸣Ϊλǰо򣬲ӦÿԸҽܷͨЩƤĽУоĿǰİ취Ҳ֪û𰸡
ܰȪλϽ𣿡
ԣҹδͷֻҵڷɽĹзֵڷɽѾʧˣǷȪҲ֪УȪˮǷЧҲ֪
ҹδһ˵ţһߴӴȡֽʣʼԼļ䣬һͼȻݸ
ǿȥҿ
ͷӹ˵ͼȻЩƤ㸴һݣܰоĹ̺ͽϽ𣿡
û⣡ҹδ̵ͷ
ãͷ㲻ضͥˣһ룬ȪĵͼоЩƤĹ̺ͽЩƤʸ񡣡
ллҹδ۾һʩ
ϣܹǾϲ߰ɣ
ʱѾƤѾս˴һߣһ˵
ҹδȴ΢΢ҡͷоȷĽҲ㲻Ͼϲ
Ϊʲô


262 
ΪҲֻܹ֤ͻƵԪľ磬ҲﵽĶ㡣ǿʼ񣬶̡
ҹδЦָָԼԴҪԴѨϣҲûнĴСԣо˽ҲѡΪⲻһĹûҪͣԪ硣
û˵һߣһ˼߳ɽʿʼռЩȻ˶ͱϵɽ˳ͨߡ
ҹʦʵḶ́ǿʮѨϵḶ́ʮѨͼʲôһģֻڿȺ͹ȡҲͬ׶һ
ñĹѨϣҲܹͻơ
֪ҹδҲ˼˼ʱ⵹ǸʱͱĴʿĲ룺
ûñĹѨϣҲһͻƵ˻ػ컨Ǻأ
Ҫ蹬
򲿷ֺ岿֣һ蹬ܹһ˸γһ졣忪һС档
ǣҵɵԪǳģǿ󡣶ȴģضҪ»С١ˣֲֲʼͬʱ蹬ܹ蹬
᲻Ϊֲ⣬ը
Ҳ˳˼˿ʼĬɽֻ˵ĽŲصǰֳһ⣬һⲻϵһڳ֣˴Ӷȥɽľ˵ǰ˸һʯԶ
̤̤̤ϲõҹδ˹ҹδһ˼ɫͣվҹδһԡ
ѨϿʲô̶ȣͻȻʵ
һ룡
ҹδû˵ʵԼһơѨʵ֮û˵һΪʱйܹʿڵѨϿһģʺһЩܹҪһЩҹδȴû˵ܹѨϿһ롣˵֣ҲҪһЩ顣
Ȼüͷһʿһһ˻ʿȻ֪ѨϿһζҹδڵľҲҪȱ׼ʿһ룬Ѩϱں;ҲҪȱ׼ʿǿһ롣
ȥ蹬Ŀȴﲻʧ⣬Ӧ˵ʿˣǷӶô
ʵǳһ׶εĹ˽һЩ
ҹδ뾪ϲ
ȴǰڰֵҲ̫࣬۶ϲкܶ˶֪ǲ֪ǳһ׶εĹѾʧˣȴ֪Ϊʲôʧ
Ϊʲô
ʱ⵹Ǹʱֻ˵ǳʯˣ䣬֪ȥ˰ɣӦüסǳɣ
ֻÿʱЩ˶ҡͷ̾ϢûԸ˵
Ϊһƺ츳ԽԽ˰̾ϢǳԭĹֹܹԭͼΪϡ٣ʿʸҪ󼫸ߡԲһˣ޷
˵ǳģǼǧܹ⹦ͱ֮߸ӣʽ
ҲӦÿʷǧս֮սҲ֮սǳΪʽεսбٵˡ
ҲûԸµԭΪʶʧȥһĹȻҲһ޴źһ޴ĳ衣Ѿʧȥˡ
ҹδĬȻʵ֪ʷϣľ䴫жʧȥˡսʧȥˡ
汲һЩǳĿȻкܶ඼ЦһЩ෹̸ʣƵĹͬ㡣
ʲôͬ㣿ҹδ뾫һ֪ؼĵط
п׶ε𣿡
ţ
Ȼ
ҹδΪʿĽ׶ûоģ˵оҲܹһЩԵʹãʹϵȡ򡣵ȴʹ΢ľͷų
򣬾ʿþķеĹǹǳȻ򣬿Ѩϡ
ͷ㻹˽ʲô
ҹδϸϸԼĹʱ⵹ʱΪٵĹԭΪԼûдﵽ磬ҲֻǴִĶһ£ʱϸϸЩȻ


263 Ӫ
еǿͬĹµԲͬǳԽǳԽԽҲԽ˿ѨҲԽС
˵òͷҪʼĵһǹǳ̫ʿǿһһӵòͻƣֹԪ
ɹʿоԼʶ뵽ǿգʶ״СǸʿܹоĸǳǿǸǳܹоĸǳǳʺԼ
ѡ׶Ρ
ǣʺȴδʺ㣬ҵ˼𣿡
ҹδЩԻҡҡͷ
ܼ򵥣һʺǳӳա㣬ѨϿǱ׼ʿһ룬ʶоʺԼҲܹѨϿһռ
ʺڽ蹬⣬̶ﵽ۶ľ硣
ȴδʺ㣡
ΪҪǷܹԼס
ǿ񱩵ģÿһҪЧȻΪãѨϡ޷ôԴͻһˡ
ƷԽ͵ĹҲԽ͡ѡȴȡԪ硣ΪҵԪӦֲԳ蹬ʱҲһˡ
񶥼ĹӦĶǱеĳǳǳӦ΢ǡ
΢ǣ
ԣ΢Ŀǰ֪ģΪŨȴֿ񱩵һ˵
ؿһҹδֻǾ˵ϾʱǨ̫ԶˣִͬµĶû֪١
ף뽲
˵ǳܹ΢ǵȻŨѨϡ
֪ҲֻЩϣ
аȷ˷ллҹδվ֣µʩ
ڰֵڷ϶ż츳ˣⱲӽԣҲΪṩģЩƤһ͵УϣҲܹסŵԡ
ȻҲǡ

һֱڶʱ֣ҹδŴ󲿶ӻص˵۶ҹδûȥƷ˾Ǻǹص˽
ڣ֪ʲôȥˡҹδûжãҲǸոϴ裬緹нˣڿȺҹδҴǰһվĴУæʩ
ˣ
ҡͷ֮ˣڽҴ˰ɣϴҼѾ˵ˣҴ־ͺá
ҹδ
£Ůϲ裬Ů֮󣬱еֳһ˿
δ룬⼸ұȽæһЩո۶Ϣ졣Ҹող֪Ѿ˵۶Ʒ˾һȥɽҲûаϡ
ҹδ뼱æֵףֻȥƷ˾˷ʦƷȻһЩ飬ˡ
ǽܻᷢġЦ
ֹˣˣЩӶæʲô
б̾һǶǴģҲûʲôġʥϸͺϳõȨڵʺʹ̫֣εС뵱ҸǱż˴ȻʥϽҸ˻ҲڼҸص۶ĵڶ죬ʥټ˼ҸһΣ񶼿һʱˣҸҲûмʥһΡ
Żʺεĳ⣬ҸܶƻʵʩűܿգĽٴαż۶
ڵĴȴΣķ󻪼ϵ۶ܹŸ˸ѾƿصƣұѩϽڴ󻪽紦ĦԽԽƵҲֻΪոշ˷ɽ飬ʹ󻪻ƽ͡
ǻʺþЩ֣Ϊ˽˳Ұ£ҸоЩˡ
ҹδɫЩΣΪо˵Щףûãﲻκæ
пҹδΣͻȻؿҹδ˵
δ룬ô룬Ҫ֪ڱ˵УѾվ˼ҸӪСǻۣӦס
ҹδȴҡҡͷ֣δˡ
ΪΣɫһ㡣
ҹδһڵҹδѾǵӰɽ߳Ǹҹδˡʱ⵹Ǹսʱ̫࣬ٶûоִ۸ӵļ£˵ĳЩ棬ҹδĿ£ڴ١кͲøࡣ
֣֪ԴһǱ׸н˴Ʒ˾ⷽ棬ӦǴ׸ĵϵ
ǣǾסڽҺͽû˿֮ĹϵǺܺõѡܶҲҿǽĵϵ
ǲǾͿԵó۶ϣ׸ֽ֧


264 ͸
еɫˡ
õģҹδڰֵ׸Ʒ£Ϊ˺ڵʥϻڵʱ֧ĳӡ
ˣֻỳҹδ룬Ǵ׸ӪǽӪ
ҡ
ҹδҡҡͷڻʮСֻһʦʦڴҲЩλڵ۶ϲࡣ֮ڵ۶ЩƷ˾Ҫˣ˳һֶΰˡ
ҲֻаջҺ뿪ЩĵУҸͲʲôֻһʮ΢СӡԣֻҪȥǣҲעҡ

ҹδĽвòϿҹδķ֮Դ㵣ΪԼ֮ǰû뵽Щҹδ뵽ˡ
Լ벻û⣬ΪԼĸ׳˵Լᣬϻ죬кܶ벻벻ȫ
ҹδ뵽ˣ
ҹδ롭Լᣡ
㡭ô뵽Щģд֮ʳԼ֪Ļ
ҹδĬƬ̣壬壬˶λ磬ʱ⵹Ǹʱ̾Ϣһ
ɳ
гĬˣڳĬб
˭ôĲɳƵġɳ̫ˣ֪֪
ڻûбʵҪô˵ģڵǳ΢ȴΪСЩ˹עչҪǿ
ڵ۶ʦʲôǶʮĴʦǷǳٵģǻЩ˵ĹעġҼûЩ˵ĹעҲһѡ񣬲𣿡
ҹδ˼ŵͷǷ׸һ飬ͽѣҵѡ񡣡
Ĵ̾ҹδĻ˼
ҹδ벻վڴٵӪУڲᡣֻǳǷһ飬˵ʵ黹ҹδֱӵǷģǷġΪڱƻǿֱӴģǴٻûôŸҹδȥ޸ڵĻᡣ
һˣԺҹδ㲻Ƿ飬˫ɻҹδ벻Ϊá
ȻҲûʲôźģϾ˫˺ܺõĿʼ˭֪ʼܼȥأ
Ҳгһգҹδ˴Ӫеļᶨߡ
ο
ٸǿҹδ룬ҲûôҹδΪԼӪеһԱϾڵҹδҪʵûʵҪûҪûҹδֻǴֲµһӣЧãЧҲա
ͬʱҲҹδĹϵֻ֮ѣҹδ벻֮У˺㣬ҹδ벻ӡ
ԺлһκҹδĳǸʱҹδ룬СʪЩǱ۵ҹδ룬ȴֱԼϴһƬ˵ԡǾ仰
Ǹеҹδ밡̾Ϣһұ֮ǰ̫࣡
ڳĬ죬пڵѾȥļϢˡ
ҹδ۾һϢ𣿡
еǸֳЦݣһ̵ҹδǷ͵ģûУոɳȥҪʱ䡣
ҹδֳһ˿Բļˡ
ҿ⣬ģһᾡȫ
ллǷһ飡
ҵǲϣ˵Ļϵҹδ롣
ҹδĬȻ֪Ǵ룬ٵӪΪѵ롣
һ̶ҹδڵ鷳¹ˣûоҲɢԼľȥ飬֪Լļʧ٣жѹֻһԼļˣ뱻κԼľ
ҹδɫпٵһ˿źܿԼ̬ڵ۶ҲһЩļҲһ
ҵҹδ¶һ˿Ц
ƺʲô֪ɰɣ
֪ҹδͷһĴҲ˵ʿǴ½Ĵ
أ
ҹδӼ˼ɫһҪ˵Ĺ𣿡
ǣеͷЦ˵棬ʿսѩҪ΢ǿһЩΪѩĴǿ󣬶ΪǸսǷ·ΪսġһʿһսսĴˣȻͻǿܹ⡣
ҹδͷʾԼ⡣
ĴĹ

ԣǴ󻪺ΪóƷƷ棬Ǵ󻪸ΪͻһЩ棬ΪͻһЩѩȴΪͻһЩϽ΢óһЩ
ʿÿʮһ죬ĸٰ졣ʮ޻ԶȲ˵˵˵Ĵȡ
ĴҲʮһ죬ȴĴÿһĹھңԶΪһ
һǴ󻪣Ǵ󻪻˹ھһǴ󻪡ҾȵڲԶˡ
ٰĹȡĩֻһʱ䡣Դ󻪵ĹڴȻ׽Сڹڵ״УǿȻǿ󻪳սĹȡ


265 
ԲķʦʲôҪ𣿡
ֻһҪ󣡡һָʮ¡δ룬һᣬһĻᡣֻҪӵиҲ͸״˵ҡ
в˵ˣҹδ벻ʵʲô
֪ùھĽ𣿡
ʲôҹδ뾫һԤеǽһԼҪв˵
ȵĹңҪھһԴǹҵͲ˵ˡֻ˵Ӯ˽
ȥǬһĻᡣ

ҹδӷϵ˫ȻվѾںʲôǬûΪѾռǵ˼ά̫Ҫ֪ԼĴڵʲôܹʣŴĻᡣ
֣ô
аֵδ룬Ҫкüأʱ»̡ᷢҪǾķ硣֪ѾǴʦʮĴʦڴ󻪾ϡ١ǣ㲻Ҫ˴ȵʮ꣬ʮµĴʦڴ󻪲ȱ١
з𣿡
ڿЦ𣿡йŹֵؿҲڵ£̺ƽ̻У׽ԲСĹ׽֮Ĵȡ£̺ƽ̲롣ֻǻṩʾ׽ȵ֧֡
ҹδˣĿ¶˼
һҪȥģʲôνһҪȥһ´﾿ʲôȻûзڣھԼᶨˡ
֪ҪȥžϢʱеٴȴſѹͣҪСģҪ¶žĹϵҲҪõ˸оžϢҲҪðա
ҹδɫȻվŴʩ񣺡л֡
аڰ֣ʾҹδ£Ȼŵ㲻ҪǬڵһǶǷʦ˵һԵرǶ׽ķʦҲУֻôһλᡣ
ҹδȤˣʲôĻԵ
Ѿ˱Ӧ֪ʶ˰ɣ
ǣ
ǬһСռ䣬˵ǬڵǬڣԶؼЩǬһ޵ĶޣǬյתɵľɡ
뵽ǬķʦҪЩɱޣͻõڲϵնɱУϵػþֱʶڵľﵽӯĳ̶ȣͿȥǬеǬ
Ǭ
ԣǬҲһǬоʶڵľﵽӯļޣͿԽ뵽ǬǸʶĵط
һʶ֮󣬻ԴǬڳٴɱޣþٴγӯȻٽ뵽Ǭڶʶ𣿡
Уҡͷֻһν뵽ǬڵĻᣬһǬڳͻᱻǬͳ
ˣ
бࣺܹȥһҪ͵Ҫ͵ӷĦеʱҪ͡
ҹδɫһӺܰԵ
ԵһģϾĴ󳬼֮һǵĳȻλǵ̬ҵ˼𣿡
˵ҹδ΢΢üͷƲǣ
ЦǱȻģǲ鷳Ϊǿǣֵáǵ̬ȻǷǳԽܣúܱȷ˵ֱָʹʲôͬԴū͡
ԣҪ̣
أҹδüëһ
ҲûΣգǲɱ׽ýķʦģΪĿ౳롣߸ϵظǽýķʦڵˣ׽ĹȺ͵ìܡ
ǽĵҲӽѵǣֻҪɱǣͷЩӣҲһС£ҲַͨʽʾǵĳȻ׽һ塣
ǣҲûǰ˱Ǵˣڽ뵽Ǭò׻óӯľ뵽Ǭڣ׼ʶʱ򣬱ֱӴˣȻӳǬҲ֪ˣֻҪǬͻ̱ͳҲ˵ǸʦʧȥһֻôһΣܹٶʶĻᡣ
⡭̫ˣҹδĿࡣ
ʵҲԭģǶΪǡпһҹδǬҪʱתġҲʮ꿪һΡʮ۵޵ģǬڵޣǬڶԷʦʶĶأǶǬġڵӿЩǵģȴǷȥһ֣ԭ


266 Ʒʦ
ɡֻ˰
ˣӾ˻ûԵؿҹδһ
ҹδĬȻ
ʱʱ⵹ǸʱѾͬˡ
ǸʱŽᣬףִкͻԵǿ壬屬ǿγǿս
ʱ
пҹδ벻ÿɫЦδ룬ڿЩ磬ҪǵǾľ磬Ҫ״ﵽһƷʦûлǰĹȵҪʲôҪ㿪ڣܹģضΪ
ȲˣҹδҡҡͷȻŴеȥЩô
ûȥҡҡͷЩȥķʦ˵
ˣлл
һǣҹδ뽫͵˴⡣վڴſڵ̨ϣŴеӰʧɫЩܹȥǰþŶ;أԷʦ֮ϸǲǿԷԼΪﵽǳı׼
һҹδѾתȥȴ˺
ҹʦ
ҹδͣ½Ųתͷȥ߱۶
ɽҹδת̨ףҲ˸ǰսȡһݸҹδ
ҹʦñְġ
ҹδɫһϲ˫ֽӹ˰ллɽȱ衣
ˣ麬ЦҡͷӪ£ְˡ
ҹδͷҪҾͲǽˡ
ȥҹδת̤˴ţ첽ԼԺȥ
̫Ӹ
̫һ鷿Զ̫ĿЩ̫УһߺŲ裬һ
ҲֹµûǸ룬ԭҹδǴеǸҹδ롣ֻǡԴ׸ƷºһԭӦֻǿҹδķ츳ɣ
Ǹ˵ͷӦˣֻҹδΪʲôסڽͽʲôϵҪǰ˻֪
ǲųҹδʹ׸֮ĹϵȻύҹδ롣
ôᷢʲôأ̫ЩɢҵĿּ˶Ǹˡ
¶һ˿Цݵ벻ۻᷢʲôڵֻҪӾͺáϾǰδֳǸλӵȤֻǿȵϲȻҲųǽһֱڼװ
ûȤڼװڵǣõжϾǸλӱֳǶºߵ¡
̫ӵͷ̬Щɵʲô뷨ҹδҲһõѡ񡣱ҹδڵ۶ֻƷ˾Ƴһֺͷ˵ľֶΡֻһ΢ӣΪʵ̫ˡ
ҡ
̫˳μҹδ룬ҹδĲֳһ˿æ
̫ˣʧȥӦеƽģѾʧˣˡҪһһЩҲȱһ
̫ӵ£²ɣ
ڰֵûʲôɵģ˸һѵܹҹδԼˣδҲܹϴ׸Ȼһжȴ˻˵

ҹδ϶ֽţЩƤϣҹδ볭дһݡҹδһһŵĶ
ҹδ뾭ʱ⵹ʱԭһԸ񣬱ø侲ΪԼҪǳ⣬ͻһУҹоǰϣɻᰴԼļƻɵɵɵоϡ
۶ƺƽ˵ҹδƽÿ̶ʱ̶ʱȥƷ˾޸̶ʱоƤϡ
ʱ˾һա
ҹδӿֳ˳ǰľƻѾһ֡
Ʒ˾˾İ칫ڣضͥӵ˱棬ЦȻ˳ͨƷʦĿˡ
ЦܹȫԭһʦôͨʦĿˣ
һԵӰڵ˵ʵˮƽǼƷʦ
ҲƷƷʦƷƷ޷ȫ
ǡûпһƷʦ
ôܣʧЦܹͣΪƷʦѾ㹻𾪵ˡ
һƷʦ۶Ҷʮһµˣ𣿡
˵ҲǡеϧӰп
ϧʲô
һƷʦĹȡһ죬ֳʮꡣ˵ܲ˵еһź
ͷضͥЦź˭ûмźأ
˵Ҳǣ


267 
ҹ
ҹδվͥԺ轣̶ʱ䣬ǻƼ꽣յһ빹ɵĳ
ʽ꽣Ѿʮִ죬ҹɫз˿˿⡣ҲֻʽĴ죬ȴû򵽺꽣Ľ⡣
ľʮǿǿľ꽣ĵһ죬ܹ׼ʩչ꽣ÿÿʽǶں꽣İȴͬ⣬ƽľһһҹɫź꽣꽣Ŀھļ䲻ͣʣȥһھŽһھ뵽ʽУе
ɫ±ڱΡ
ҹδɳں꽣֮УһָоƺԼ׽һ˿ƺԼѾס˴ŵŰ֡
֮ˮǱŨ

һɭɭʴ֮һ˲䣬·˻磬ĻγɵĻ硣
͡
ڵҹɫҲڵסһƬ⣬ҹδеĳε棬ȴδϣϵѺܿʪ͸ϡҹδȴȫȻü֮һ˿˿ϲãеĳʼһɡ
ɣࡣ
֮ǰҹδʽǿǲζŽʽ뽣ʽ֮ûз϶Ǵʱҹ֮£ҹδĽʽʼ಻
·סŰ֣ڻĴ򿪡
ҵӴľ֮ܿС
أҹδѾģ壬ΪһŽѾ档
ԽԽͬưһ㣬ûһεϣеζĽ⵲棬ڽб飬ͬʢһ΢С
ҹδѾʱ䣬һγ˹̶ʱ䡣ȫ֪˶֮С
һ̣·ͻΪꡣ
Ҳ꣬Ҳ꣬಻޾
֪ȥ˶ãͣЪɢȥ¶¡
ҹδͣ񣬳б࣬΢˫
Ƭ֮һ̾ϢͥԺϿջص
ţȴֻһǲȴûƿ
ĺ꽣е꣬ȴû꽣еĺ
͡
бĳ̻ͬһʢһ˿˿룬Ž뵽ҹδʶ
ϴһ֮ҹδǰٴοʼЩƤϡ
Ѿ˶ΣʾǸʿûгɹ
ǸʿǱֳܷҪֱ֣һ֡
һгĬһб
ĬҪԼڵһֹǱһٴα
ĬԼγɣȻҪ뵽˵ڣɱ־Ĭ˷ڵ˵ͻȻ
ϵļУҹδ֪Ǹʿĵһ׶γĬѾɹˣǱ׶ȴûгɹǸʿˡ
ǣҹδ벻ҪǸ׶ΡоЩϲΪͨΪԼڱҵֻҪĬ׶εͺá
о˽һµʱ䣬Ĭеķ˵áΪҪѨϡҪһܹһ̶ˮ
ĬǰһһˮһˮȥѨϣ
ԣⲢʺҹδڵ״ȴҹδȻǸʿܹڵһ̶ˮԼΪʲôܽͷ
˵ƤϵѾΪҹδҪ˻żֻҪ˳˼·оȥżĿܽĿǰٵ⡣
ڵѾоƤˣڳԽ쾭ܲأƱ׶εĹںϣѰҹͬ磬ںƤеݡ
֪һḶ́ȴġ
̫Ӹ
̫վڴǰֳ£һ˫Ӱ¡
ã˵Ҳ˵Щֻǵҹδڴʱ򣬾ͺסһ𣬵ȴûеҹδ͵ĹϵҲûеҹδôʶĵӣûеҹδʧٵһʱȥ
ǣǸ˵ҹδʧٵʱǷɽʱԣǳĿܣҹδȥ˷ɽ󣬶ӡҪ֪Ǹʱڣǵȥ˷ɽ󣬱ǷŷӣӺƽʥŮҲȥ
֪𣿡̫ӵ˵ǸҹδͨƷʦĿˣҾƲ⣬ҲһƷʦʮƷʦѾСˣ˹עġ


268 
˼Ƭ̵һţͲȱţûгɳţҲֻš
˵ʲô̫תǸˡ
̧ԼĲй֪ǸɵģֻҪٵ㣬ͲؿǴ׸£ΪѾϿˡ
أ
ֻҪ֡
ûоԵ飡̫ת˴ص˿ϣһ֣ǱߵûʲôǱؽӭ׸ĶС⻹ûмǱ߻ʲôı仯
٣Ҫס̫ӣֻҪҲѱλϸԣҿ޹ǲй
̫ӵӢ
̫Ӱڰ֣Ҫǵķȥ취ɱҹδ˵Լѵķ򡣡
ǡԥһ£˵ҹδ̫ӵµӡ󲢲á
̫ȻʧЦҲңͻȻһѩˣһӲѡܵҹδһУļͥϲúһΡ
ǣ
ɽ
걻ֶ
ߵط汻һӻм䣬һƬ֮ϡ
Ƭ֮һЩصŵ㣬ط򵼵£̤ЩŵڴƬŻص۶ķǰУÿ˶СȻ򵼣Ǻ󲢲ȫʱޣ
£Сģһͬһ̽˳ط漤
ϣ
طĳͬһɱȥγһתⶴ
͡
ֱ㱻ʳĩϡ
䡭
һ򾣬ȴҪٱĺĶӺڴ˳Ҳͷǰֻ֣Ѿȱʧһֻʣһ
ϡ
еʿˣǸ򾻹û̫Ĺ֮ǰͽǸгʮΣ¡¡ص˺ϣسȥ
û˵ʮÿһʿھעܡطҲˣûпǰ򵼣ɨӵ

ǣǸ򵼿ʼСǰԾ
أǿıԵû˷ɾ裬۾Уûһ˿ϲɫȫĽ䱸ʱͶ뵽սе׼
һ֧鼫ḻսǿĶ顣
䡭
ͻȻǵ߲Զһ޴ĺɫһĹ˺һīĴִ֣ͬ޵һ֧鹥˹
ʲô
ǿĶ飬һ̣Ҳ˾
ս
طϵļֽͬûһ˿仯еĳͬһɱȥһȣþŵĶ侲׷׿ʼΧֻ˱ǴִĴֽɱʣµҲû˿ľš
ǣֻĹʵ̫ǿˣֻƬ̹û˺Ǹߵ
£һһͷͷ꣬һɫĳһֻɣڴһ˺ۣ
ǸԴͼҲҪ
ط͸Ĵַ϶ǸԴһ۾ͼ
ǣƣطĻ̣ܶǳ˼ᶨ
¡
ϡط浴һ֣ʵ
췢ط˽һ㣬Ҳʮ˽ط棬طǼᶨڸɸġķḻҲڸǣƣطѵķʱҲӣȥǶȻطҲδܹǻ·һϣ
ˣϣ
췢һһʿÿ˹һֻ֡һ˲䣬ùĴôһ˿Ͱһ˿Ͱ˲䣬ط˳ȥӴֵķ϶㴩ж
ۡ
еĳ뵽ͷǸ۾ͼڡ
ǣڴһ˲䣬͸оǹͷ˲ĽҪסĳʵϣĳֻǴ֮һٴ롣ڴͬʱһ˹
طûзԼеĳʾԶѩһʤĸʹ͸һһڼķҫ

£ְǺ췢꾪
ҰУطֲûзſȭȭͷҫһ⣬ųĴֺ˹ȥ
䡭
طε˻
䡭
ǸĹˣڷţǸͷͼƺ۾Ϊʱ·𿴲طǣֻںڷûĿĵع


269 Ⱦ
طϣǵΪǿԶʱںͣģǿطҲͣϢʱ䡣
ಡ
ط˿ٵںϱӣص˰ȫϣȻǸ򵼵ȵ
ߣ
Ǹ򵼻żصͷȻʼںԾһ˲ϵڰȫԽҲǸڷĹͷŵѹڵﶼҳ֣طûΣգԼһӺ˰ϡ
طͷﻹܹǸĹڣĿɨԼߵˣһʹ
ֻˡ
еıʹܿȥŵҧҧ΢΢͹һƬ㡣
ţ
ое򱱳˲ͷе򱱽ȥ˿˿ź򱱽
ϣ
ע򱱽𶯣Щںɫ˿ߣзɿһ˿ͺȵ
ߣ
һ˵ͷӶȥԵܿͳ˼ž
۶ɷÿ춼ڷŲͬ顣Ƕҹδ˵ȴŹɶƽ
һٶʮ޸ڡ
ҹδڳտŹ鼮ѾΪӦЩ鼮ˣͷ֮ͨΪռͷܹͻ룬ҪǲҲᱻռ
ǽȴʧռ͵ûзӦͺͶûзӦһ
̫Ӹ
еһֽ̧ͷڶĶ٣Ҳ˵ͻˣ
ǣߵͻԪͨ蹬ǻͻƣѾ˺󡣡
󣡡̫Ŀٴֽϣ˵Ǹʲô
֪ˣһƺĹʼҲڶûƵļءҴ̽ϢߵһʮŸˣֻˡһûнǸɱֻǸ˻
ͨ蹬̫ӵһ⣬ĽǼʣֵʮһǵһͨ蹬һŰǸϲ򱱴󽫾Ǻǡ
̧˶Ķ٣򱱽ˣ
ţٵѾܣǸ򱱽⣬ߵѾ˾˾Ʒ˾޸Ѿȥʮ죬û޸
Ŷ̫ӵֳȤ֮ɫ򱱽˵ʲô̶ȣ
ˡ˼Ƭ̵Ҳˣ򱱽ûˣҲû𻵣ֻǡô˵أƷ˾Ļ˵ӦǱȾˡ
Ⱦ
ԣô˵ġ򱱽ǸڵĶȾˣж򱱽ķ֮Уӵ˷ƣ򱱽ʧȥ˷һͨķǹضͥ޷޸Խߵ·򱱽´һ
ǲͬģ̫ҡͷǱɲǽϵķζһҫ
һ̫Ӣ
̫ӱָ˵ٵӢֻ̫˽λֵܡӵо˵Ѫӵо˵
ҲЦҾ򱱽޸ˡ
߿ҪʹˣǺǺǡ
Ʒ˾
ضͥĹҡ
Ǳ˿Ĺ̨ϣضͥڹ̨ĴϣվԱߡڹ̨Ķ棬Ҳһӣطֱͦһ˴ǹվλ췢ꡣ
˾˾Ѿˣ˾ֱⲻǵ룬ﲻæ˾Ҳֱԣûг𻵣ɷͼͣƷ˾ķڡ
ضͥĿ򱱽ѾܾˣԼ˸ַ˵۹ļλڣɶް취ط棬дŹضͥӭȴһ̾Ϣ
£ܣ޸򱱽
طѸٵֳʧվߴضͥѹȸУ
˾һҪ޸򱱽취
ضͥ̾Ϣһ£ִ̫ˣûС
˾һԵĲͻȻڵǲҹδ뿴һ£
ضͥȻʧЦѾʧˣһӡ
ҹδ룿طֳ˼֮ɫλȫ˷ķʦ
ԣضֻͥһʦ򱱽ȴǷƷ޸ġ
طȻܹȫ˷˵ڷϵ츳ˡȻ޸򱱽ҲܹһЩ˼·أ
㡭ضͥЩͷʹˮ֮ץݡ£ˡ


270 
ط۾³һ˾һˡھ˵УֻҪûͲܷһ˿ϣϣֻһݣҼǸݰɡ
ضֳͥΣĲҪϣ
ãȥɡطץ򱱽ʡ
޸ϣһЩʦڹضͥͬµط߹ȣʩʱ򣬷׷׵
ߵôˣ
˵ߵµ򱱽ˡ
Ҳɣй˾ڣõЩʦ
˵˾˾Ʒ˾޸ˡ
˾Ҳ޸ˣ
ţ
Ǿ͸ˣһ㶼Ƿʦڶ޸ˣǷʦܸʲôҲǱɣ
ȥ
ףͣˣҹʦ޸ң
һٶʮ޸ڡ
ҹδڿ鼮ھһ﷢ʵںͷ֪ʶ

ҹδ룬ҲһѧϰеǱҹδģҹδڷʦĻ򣬻һЩķͼ⡣
ҹδɽ֮ί񣬽⣬ѾΪͽΪҹδĵ֮·һţһոµ磬ÿ춼ڷȡЩ֪ʶҹδҲ⣬ķ츳ܸߣЩӵĽԡ
æվû˿͡
޸ְǸʿ޸ԸҲҹδ²õӡ֮ǰϻֳº͵ЦݡЦͽϣ
˾¡
޸ڵҹδҲվӹ̨˳ĸѾ뵽޸ңҹš
˾˾ҹδʩ֮󣬽ĿطǸ췢ϡ
ҹʦһ£λߵ¡˾Цߵ£λҹδʦ
طֹסҹδʩֱҹδ룬Ŀûصҹδ񶼸оɽѹȶЩսطϴѪ˵ʡֻǼʶģսҹδ룬û˿оѾ˲²⣬ϾʮƷ˾̸λº򱱽
Ȼط潫򱱽̧Ѿ˵˹򱱽顣
ǣҹδͷ
ܹЧĽ顣
ҹδһط滰е˼ûָԼһʦܹ޸򱱽ֻϣԼܹЧĽ顣Ҳ򱱽ܸȤ
ŵ̨ϣҿ
ҹδתŹ̨ȥûΪطݣĿͬһͨʿ
ʱطעȻҲⷽ棬עֻе򱱽˹ǰ򱱽ӽڰ˳ŷ˹̨ϣȻ˶ҹδ롣
ҹδĿǱ򱱽ϡ
ʱ򱱽һҪһЩѾȾˡӽϳ֮һķƶ˺ںɫ·ܵȾһѪܣҹδڹۿ򱱽ϵķơ
ȻǷڼķȻַ̻󡣷ֱ󣬼ͷ󣬷
÷ø÷նڵ˵ϣøӳأ˸صĴˣȴܹóֽطܵСʹںС£ȴܹ˸صĴͬʱҲܹӷٶȡͷ÷ӼܹͣͷӵٶȴѹһȴܹͷųԶ̹
̾
ҹδвֻ̾ҲܹЩڽһ˵ЩιɵģͿ̫ˡȻһ㣬ѾڷڵĲΣڷоҲոʦƷãոտʼоڼķϾ̫ˣռİҲҪʱѧϰͳ
ЩԿ϶ûһ˿ơ仰˵ķûл˵ֻǱȾˡ
ţ
ҹδǷڵľڼʮ־׼ͻȻ֣򱱽ϵȾƺһ˿Ȼһ˿ڵľȴ̧ܹͷط棺
Ⱦӣ
طؿҹδһۣû뵽ҹδܹȾӣһô̵ʱͿһʦܹ
Ȼҹδһ˿ڴͷտʼʱȾ֮һѾ֮һˡʲô취


271 
ҹδͷǸȻ뵽ռ䡣
ռǹ⹤̨ϵ򱱽ȻڶһĻһԭͼһͼ䡣
ҹδ̾Ϣһռƺûʶ򱱽ȾˣֻǸ˸ͼ䣬򱱽ǲķˡҹδһθоռҲľԣܡ
ռڳ򱱽ҹδԺпٵ˼Ȼʵ
𣿡
ӿڵùˮаǶûʵԵЧȻһЩ̶ͬȵЧȴܸһͣɻȾ
ҹδüͷ˿Ⱦƺ£ܰȾĹϸ˵𣿲Ҫ˿©
ã
طҲһʮϸҹδ·侳˵ţűƿ˾㶼ȥطѵõֳһ˿ŭǵ㣬һ˿ŭ˲ȥʱ߽ȴһеؿҹδһۣȻط濴˹ȥطͷ
֣
ҹδȻеĹУбһů֪ӦطԼ飬طΪԼеĽǺͷŭкԼϣŴҴҵظ˵ӦһֱڰбԼ
ߣҺδѡֱ׵˵
طͷֻҹʦæ
ƲƲ죬֪򱱽еĵλ˭֪᲻Ǩŭҹδ룿
ҹδֱӳϲ޸ã߾ǨŭҲǨŭˡڶ޸ˣһʦûа취Ǻ
ǣҹδͬ޸ȴû޸ã򱱽𻵵ĸˣ߾Ǩŭɡԣط棬ߵҹδߵ
δ룬ûаվͲҪǿ
ţ֪ҹδмؿһۣطһ˿ŭ⣬Ŀ㶢˹ȥڴʱҹδ̴ɢŭ⣺
ߵ£
ţ
طеķâֿʼȴںƲƲ죬ȻҲҲҪ֪򱱽αȾģ⼸춼˵۶Ȧ̸ˡ
ط潲֮ҹδĿ΢һν򱱽ðһ˿˿˿ߣͨ
ش磬㲼һ󣬽򱱽һܹʱߡ
δ롭Щģ֪ططԸһǵԼҲ
ģֻһʵ顣ᶯ򱱽򱱽ɽһ˺
У
ͷȻҹδ붼ô˵ˣԼҲ¶ߵģԼòãһǰ޸򱱽
Ķ裿
ҹδӹ̨߳޸ҵ룬ָŵɡ
ͷȡһſʯȻʯϿ̻ơ󲢲ѣܿһСƾͿ̻ϣȻ㿪ʼŪǼʯ
ˣ
˵Ŀⶼҹδ룬ҹδָǱ򱱽ش磬򱱽ڣϣ⳯£桭һߵľɡһһڽͷһ򱱽ڵȾ̽ҪЩȾ˿һֱֺһߵľ룬󡣡
ף
ץ򱱽ʼضͥ۾һδ룬Ⱦ
ǣҹδͷߵ½һΣ򱱽ðһ˿˿˿̽뵽УڻǸԴм䣬ߵ򱱽еĵط˵ǹҪĵطѪҺʲô򱱽Щ˵ʶĳֱܡ
ںУҲǵ֣ǶζԾܾջͻ̲סȥȡȴǾͲòӴ򱱽̽ﵽһ̶ȣ˵ʹ򱱽ڵ˳
ΪʲôҪ󣿡طһüͷ򱱽Ҳԡ
ڲ㣬һѽǱ򱱽طŰɣ㻹ֱȥЧ϶ãǺڹֵĹ㻹ǷҺδ顣
طɫһҹδڰֽ͵ڲ֪ڵȾûʶһʶܹ֪ʿҲͻвõĽͬһЩȻϢ
طһ˿ȻЩӲضҹδлл
һѴط򱱽һͷվԶרҵҪרҵɡ


272 
طεغһҹδת˹̨ȡһŷֽܿ컭˼ʱѾˡ
򱱽УڿУϣ⳯£Լһߵľ룬ӽϣ֮һһЩĽϵķУǰɫ䶯һֹɭĸо
ҹδһǰһͷڵĵϡǵܿγһԲһҵɢӵζ
˵Ŀ˲䶼Ǳ򱱽ϣ򱱽ϵЩ·һӻԾͬһֻֻɫ䶯Ȼһ˿ɫӽķ¶һͷ
ˣطߵǺͷ꼤˵һ̧ۣס͡
һ˿˿ԽԽͬһɫĴ֣̽ȥ㿪ʼרע򱱽ٶȣ̧򱱽ǰɫ˿̽ȥΪԶҲ̽ԽԽ
طѾڲ֪ս˫ȭнǰ˿ߣڴ
򱱽̧һװ֮һ˿˿ƺڵ˾ͷ򱱽֮ڡ
죬;롣ҹδ뼱æ
̿󣬽򱱽ͣȻһ˿˿ߴ򱱽Ľ̽˳

˶³һ˴˽Ŀ⡣
Ч
ʱطҲЩһֱüͷҲչ˿ҶȣУҹδ벻ʱͷһŵһֱһС
޸⡣
ﲻʱ̽ͷ̽ԡ
ⶼȥˣ
һʱ˰ɣ
Уʱˡ
˵ҹʦа취
ӦУ򲻻ôûǲ֪յЧΣ
˵Ǳ򱱽ߵ䰮ıҪǳ˲ߵѪԸ񣬿϶Ҫ쭰
ɣ
ҹʦ᲻¶
ѻ죬˾أܿҹʦ£

̫Ӹ
ŴƵİƣôãҹδ뻹е°
ڶĶΪֻ̫ҪϢٶȴġ
Ҳȥˣ
ţ
ͦҹδġ˵Ƕҹδ˼ɣ
²֪ӼӵϢ֮ƺûǷ˼
ҹδûǷ˼ҲǸ˸Ͳһӣ̫Ũ
˵̫ͻȻЦˣҹδʧˣǨŭҹδ룬ض߳ͻһ֡߰ɡ
̫վҲȥƷ˾ҴӹΪһ̫ӡ˽ǵĴ磬ܲܿڴ֮ͥ±ͻ˻ҵˡ
Ҳ΢ЦվͬصͷΪʱǳáֹ̫ӵĳͻһԳ̫ӵƷºһԳӵĺ֡
Ʒ˾
һٶʮ޸ҵķŴ򿪣طʵ򱱽洺˳Ȼź㲢ҹδ
ҹʦڵ۶ʲô¶ȥҡǷһ顣
Բţ㷭һۣڣ˭ܹ۸δ벻ɣ
˵Ҳǣطڵܺãͷ֣ʲôʱпգС
ˣڰ֣һûйͬԣ˵˵Ҳ
طεЦЦ˵ûǣһ˵Ķо󣬻ĵá˵Ķ˻˵һ飬ͷתȥ
ߵ¡
طס˽Ųתͷҹδ룬ҹδ㻹ûи޸أ
һЩķʦһĴ㵺𾪡
ҹδǷ
ߵѾ˵Ƿһ飬Ҫʯ
ٶʯܹߵµ
Դżˣ
޷ɵˣ
ⲻʯܲܺߵµȵ¶ھܾߵµ飬Ͳߵ·쭣
ˣˡ
ͦһ¶ҹδŪñ仵¶ˡ
һöҹδûа
طɫҲһ㣬ؿҹδһۣƽҪ٣
ˣҹδתͷԸں
һɬڰ
ǿߵ°ôˣ
ٺʣ
ʮҪϡҹδ˵
Ǿͳ鴤˼£Ŀ˹ضͥͲȴֹضͥͲЦеؿ
ˣһԵͻȻڵߵҲϣ˰˿Ʒʯÿʯϻҳ̵ƣʦҪϡ


273 Ӱ
ɫˣ˵ʲôְһȱǵʯ
ˣ
ʦ˵ģҾʵʵ㡣
ǡ
ĵʯü㣬³ô㣿
С
ⲻ޸ô㣿
Χž˵ĿⶼϣðһëҲ֪Լ̫ʱ䣬˵ʦԼĿ顣
µӷͣ
һҧʦܹʮƷʯ
ûҹδ뿪ڣطź췢ڰ֡췢ȡʮƷʯݸȻطת뿪Ǻ췢ȴҹδһЦתطĽŲ
ضͥЦҹδͷò
Ҳ͵ҹδͷȻͷ˽ȥҹδļ
ϻȥΪף
ҹδͷã
ˣõЦ뿪ˡ
ҹδת߽޸ңں棬Źϣҹδ˹̨ǰʮƷʯڹ̨ϣüͷдԻ
ʦΪʲô˾ҪòΪ޸򱱽𣿵֮ǰѾ˰
ҹδϣһԻֻƽմǸ鷳
ҲǾþӵ۶֮ˣӰ壬ǻҲֻͣǷӦûôѣҹδѣ˲䷴Ӧ˹һ𾪵ҹδ롣
Լʦ츳ǿǻҲ̫˰ɣ
ָһʦǰ;
ϡ
ӻһʻһսӶ̽䱸ȿǸϵˣŷƥս˳ǰ
̫ӵ¡
Ĵ򿪣¶˶ٵǸʿһյͲ˹ȥٽӹͲ˳
ڣٴͲ浹һֽֽĿɨȻݸ̫ӵ
Ϣ
̫ӽӹֽźܿؿһ飬΢΢˼һ£ֳһ˿Ц
ҹδڱ̬𣿡
Ʋ⡣⼫̵ʱѾ˼ȫһƲҹδ벻뵽յֻоͨߵҪ޸ѣԼ̬ȡȻǽҲûжյ뷨ϡһƲ⣬жյ뷨ôҹδ±̬ȣֻ֧¡
̫ӵͷ
̫ӵ£ûбҪȥƷ˾ˡ
ȥ̫ЦҪӴһ£ôıҹδҵĵһӡ󣿡
εЦЦ̫ʲô涼ãһϸĵ۹̳ˣǺù֮
Ʒ˾
ҹδ޸ڿ飬˷޸򱱽İȤˡһ߿ţһ߼¼šԼʦ򣬱ὫԼͨռ㡣
뵽ҹδ벻һͷҲ֪ڵʲôƷ
ϻȥʡ

վ첽ǰţɫһæʩ
ݼ̫ӵ¡
񣡡Цͷ
æһ飬ҹδ뻽ʦ̫ӵˡ
ҹδʱѾվӹ̨ת˳ʩݼ̫ӵ¡
ҹδһͷ׷µպ޳ģһ˿ֻǺܿ¶º͵Цݵ
߻ʵ￴߻ʵܵЩңûжҹʦɲɣ
ûУҹδɫȻֻ޸򱱽޸֮뿪ˡ
̫ӵϾ¶֮ɫ߻ʵǱ򱱽ס˴ڣȴû뵽ҹʦ޸ˡҹʦķ츳Ǿ˰
ֻżȻ뵽һ취ͷ츳޹ء򱱽޸ͳķֶΡ
ʲôֶΣЧǺֶΣ
ʱִ̫һ˿ӢЦݣǳһ۹̫ӵݺʣҹδɫҲûᷳʮƽ
ҹʦȻûʲô¶¾͸ˡ
л̫ӵ¹ġ
ҹδ뽫͵ſڣԶȥ΢΢üͷ̫ӵıֺϴξȻͬ·ΪطĴһۣĻһ䶼û˵͸ɾظ뿪ҹδһμ棬ضᱻҹδһõӡ󡣵Ѿ˳ӡ衣
̫Ѿص˳ڣٺЦһΪ»Ὺ
ҡҡͷֳ֮ɫııⷽҲ㣬Ůˣ㲻ҡҪģҪ
΢ɲһüͷ˷̫ʱ;ֵ𣿡
̫ӵֳ˲õЦݣֵãֵã뿴Ұҹδţʲôɫ


274 
ƻ衣
ҹδǹص˽Ѿںϯȴҹδ롣̾ؿҹδ
Դôģְܹ취޸
ʱҲûаգֻǱųԵ̬һԣҲԷûнһ𻵡Ҳ󡭡ˣڵﵽʲô磿
ǶƷʦʵѾƷʦüëƷʦȻ콾Ҳ콾˶١ţӦڵڶݶеٮٮߡʲô
ҹδ룬ӴȡһֽݸҶʦһЩ͸Щ͸㡣
֣۾һ˲֣һֽſһͳ˽ȥҹδǹһƣ˱㿪ʼһֱȵ˳Աˣ㻹һ￴ţ˶һۣȻȥ
ɫ֮£ǹµ˵δ룬ˡߵϵ̫ˡҸо߲һС
ɣѾ̤˻Ҳһжסɣ
ǹЦҡͷδ룬˵ҲϴɱġǷʦ㲻˽ʿǿź蹵Ĳġ⻹ֻһ
ߵ¿ϴѪƣܹоƿɲװģʵʵڵģ֪ɱ˶ˣһɷߵ±Ҿǵɱ¾С档һ㣬ֻһͨʿĹͨյ似ͨߵĹ似ȴԲͨ
ҹδͷǹ⻰е˼
ǹʵϾıڣȻ˶ûԣǻ඼֪˴˵⡣
ǹ˵ĵڶ棬ҹδûа취æģڸ˵ľǵһһǿ԰æġ
ǹڽʱ;ڱԼⷽ棬һûʱȥ׬Դ飬Լˡ
žҹδ벻Ҫ̧һԼĶͷڼžҹи
ôˣǹĪһԻ
磬
ҹδסҹδӴȡһЩʯϵ
磬Щȥ
ǹ΢һ£Ҳûƴǡֽϵʯս˴Сҹδ¶ĵЦݵ
ԺÿҶһЩʯ㲻õʱ򣬾ͺ˵Ҳ֪׬ʯܿġ֤ĴʦƷ׬Ļڵʮʱʯࡣ
ţҲ𶼸ҡ
Ȼᣡ׬ʯͽһɣĳɣɡҲҪģϰҲҪԴ
ǡڻһЩ
ãҹδֵԺֳַɡˣҼǵǻٹѧ似𽣣
ţǹͷ
ӦÿԸ޹ɣ
ȻԣǹЦνٹǴ󻪳͢Ƴһ˭ѧĹԺǿʱޱĹԻٹĲҲǳͣڻƼƷ𽣷ʵҲһƼƷ
ҹδ룬Ĵ󹦷űԡ
磬ӦڻԽɣ
ţ
Լʺϻ𣿡
ǳʺϣǹͷ֮ǰԵУҲõ似Ȼѧ𽣷ƼǡҲԹû𽣷ʺңҲܹоĺʺϻԡ

ҹδֿʼ˼϶ˡܲأ
ǲԡ
Ʊ䡭ˡپǵ쾭Ҳԡ
ҹδĴ󹦷ʱ⵹ʱҹδĹ׺չֳ츳ͳ˧ӣ֪ĲǳĴ󱦵䣬оܷ
ҹδǹͷһ뵽˸ղҹδ似ѵҹδŸõĹ似
Ӧаɣ
δ¹ϵôã˵Ǵµղлõġ
磬õ쾭һЩǷܲغһЩ
¶ȻҹδǹоԼһǻˣ̧ͷ˶ҹδ룬ҹδԼ·ڵԼĴ𰸡
δ롭ղ˵ˣǹСʵ
ǰҹδ벻ɷһۣԼ羹Ȼˡ
ǹоԼ˲ң̬ȴǸС㡭˵ʲôˣ
ǹ̬ҹδ뷴Ӧ˹ǹûǲţЦ
㣬쾭ãǷܲغã


275 
㡭Уǹʼˡ
Уҹδ϶صͷ
ȵȣ
ǹ⽫ַԼڲ࣬Ȼݺһץ
˻
ҵʹһȴ˷ܡ˷֮ǻɣ
δ룬ôС
磬ҲӦ֪Ҫԣһ֪еκһ֣޴鷳
֪ǹɫء
ԣ㲻Ҫôõģѡһ֣ҲҪ͸¶ȥֹȻѡٸһȻƷҲܸߣȴ϶
ѡ쾭ǹûԥ
ãھд㡣
ҹδȡһͬʱȡһֽţëʣһĶĵ쾭һдÿдһţǹͻȡߣһĶ
һֱҹʱ֣ҹδдһƪëʣضǹ
쾭ٴؿѨϺ;ʵűʵҪס쾭Բñ֪ЩֽŸܶʧ
ģԲᷢ顣ǹ̽еֽһȻս˴վΣҹδ
δ룬лл㡣
ã
ҹδڰ֣ʱڹͨеĽһһǽ֣ǲ֪һǰǲǻԷʡ
һϻԵ𣿡
ǣ
ޣлԵĽҪõġ
һһףǵؼƷأ
˵Ҽ
ҹδһ˼ģǹЩơͼҹδʿʼдߵҹδߣֽȥĿһɫ棬Ǽȵ档
ֻʮʽûзѶʱ䣬ܿҹδƪݸǹ
һ׵ؼƷûȥⷽҰﲻ㣬ֻԼĦ
ؼƷ
ǹ⼤زӹһֽŵֶ΢΢ҹδ뽫е
磬ѾҹˡȥϢɣٿ
úã㲻óˣϽϢ
ǹ˽ףҴ˳ȥǴҴҵıӰҹδ벻ݸҴģǹ϶᰾ҹ
δ룬
ҹδսϵıīǹԺЩŵ
͡
ҹδſڱܵĹУһѾкͬһǺӣһ
飡
ҹδס˽ƿ˷ţһȻɫһ̧ͷҹա
ʱҹպһɫĻһ©۵Ļһ˿˿ѪɫĴĻĿдҰо㶼һ˿˿ѪɫĹÿһ֣ԼֻгĴָСҲܼȴ࣬ӾļޣܹؿѪɫĹâ
վԺмǹҹգ⡭ʲô

ҹδ̫ϤϢˣʱ⵹սʱϢᵽ̫ࡣ
ֻûɫѪɫҹδ벢ûмѪɫȴʮȷĲɽ
һǷʲô¶
ʹ
ʵ۴ĵ̧߳ͷһѪɫˣȥˡ
ˡһӰӿ˻ʵ۵ǰ׵¡
ˣǺ󣿡
ɫʮѿ£

ȻܵǻжԴ󻪻ʵȴû̫أЩ꣺
ҪΪʲôһⲻǴ󻪵飬ε²½ҪǵԺķѰնΪ
ǡ
ϵ̣ƽ̺ʹ¡
˴ҴȥʵŹ뿪ıӰɫ
ʱڴ½ĸ䣬ڿһ˿˿ֻһ˵ϡ

վϣɫصһӰ
һӤʿǰһ
ˣˡдʱֳһ˿ңҪʼˡһȥ翴
ڣӤʿӦ
㸺£к̣ƹȣ֮ϵһܿ
ǣ
ӣ
ڣһ޳Ⱥ˳ǵۺ
ˡ
ף


ǡ
¡
һԺ룬߽׵ܰһ޴Ľħƣ̧ͷգ
ϺУզˣ
վ̨ϣɫˣҪˡ


276 
ϺУǺĶɶ
Ŀܰԣ˽ħϣ㲻Ҫ¡ķܲغͽħƷſƵġ
ܰҡһ´ԴҲ£Ҿش󻪿ϺУ㲻һӰɣԸ⣬ҲøҼһ֪Ķɣ
һȥҾͽʦ
Цô飺ҪȥҲ㣬ֻҪԼܴԺ߳ȥ¾ȥá
һˣ
ŵŵɡ
ܰԿŽħſȥǰľˡһ޺ŷǷܰԵһ˿꣬ŭһŽħ˹ȥ
䡭
Щ޺ҲԻŽħƺܰԶһ
Ų㡣
һɮµİϺУǴ·ɣӡʱվڴǰҹеѪɫվһȺСڵ
ӣˡ
һķ֣һ࣬ҲЦиоУǰһǴ·ӣ
ǣ
ѩ
ѩɽ
žһľڳ̧ͷҹе΢΢üͷʱž䲻Լ֮ǰľ磬һԭеľ磬ﵽ۷壬ٸʱ䣬ض硣
ԱߵһľݷŴ򿪣ô˳̧ͷһҹеžдһ˿
Ŵ磬ôˣ
֪žҡͷܸоʲô¡
ҲָоЩĪĲ
žüͷøҲһ˿ǶԴ󻪾ڵļǣңĿüᶨ
Ҫش󻪿
þȵؿž䣺㲻Ҫˣ
һغԼҲҪȥ͵͵û£һҲߣͻƵ磬ٶ
Ƿһ˿ɬŴ磬츳ʱգѾҪͻˡ
Ǻǡ
žЦȴ֪η˵֪Լ״ҲԼʲƷ̫ˡڵǬһʱ򣬾Ѿ¶̰塣Լڴѩɽܹ֮٣һԼԭһԼź͵쾭ĸǱͼռ
ؼǡ
̧Լࡣһ˿ǡ
ѾܾûиоеĽˣžʱ䣬ʱˡÿʱܹоǴгֵһ˿˿ܹкеԼΪѸ͡
ȻҲоƺôˡĴѩɽʿһ֣һƬֵʱȴûֱĸоһտʼʱΪԼ˲ӣ˲̵ʱ䣬Լԭ򡣶һָоԼѪƺ˱仯巢ʲô仯֪ҲԼָ۲ԼѪûзֺ֮ǰʲô֮ͬԼ壬Լиоģһָо˿˿ıԼѪ
һȺֻܿţΪеĽڸıԼѪҲ뾡˰취ȴ޷ıһ˿ڣҲŲǶδ֪һֲ
ʵϣʫʫѪڸıžѪ˯Ľһֶ档Ѫ߱ѪˣһּƷ츳ǶͨѪˣѪӵһǾ֮һ˱ڣǸʿѪȼգҪþѪҪĳʹ
ǣҲǾ綾Ķ棬һ׾ͺһȺжĹƳһ𣬱˴ɣģǿƳ档
ԭƳ棬ԾѪŶջʫʫڴѪҺǣֻҪѪеľ֮Щ֮ˣý˳˯֮С
ʧȥ˾֮ľѪڱʿȴǴ֮֪ǣԴӴһֹҪһֱͱԵı︨ǵͺ̶ΪΪ˺ڣͣͲǰ
ǣһֱ︨ʿڽۻγһΪԽԽĳЩλʹĳһʱֽ̣Ӳ֢״ΪԽԽƵ
һֱ⣬ȴһֱûеõžȴֻԵɺ֮£صõ˽


277 
žûиоеĽʲô춯֣еȴûһ˿١
Ϊʲôû˷Ӧ
ԣƽʱҲûʲôӦٻΪʲôһֱûٻⶼһˣ
ѵΪԼ˵׷ɱ֪ԼѾΪѰҶʧƱ䣬ԾͲԼˣ
ܡ
ǡ
ҲӦƽ̵һɣ
ôҪˣ
Ŵ磬Һһش󻪰ɡһԵķͻȻڵ
𣡡žҡҡͷֲǲ֪һش󻪺Σա
ĬȻ̧ͷҹյ
ѩ
һֺĺվѩ̨ϣҹеվһȺѩɽʿ
ӣ
ڣФѩǰһ
ˡ
Фѩһ˿ϲɫǣ
Ͻ
ƹȡ
һùֱʮף߲ʱôϣһ޴ݣ̦ͬ͹Ϊһ塣ݵΧһЩɫĹƳ档
ݵݼ֮ϡ
һϸƤƺ̫һ㣬ֻһ϶ɬ˻ƣ
ʥŮˡ
ǣʥŮӦ
读صԼݣְԼദƿѾһֻơ
ֻĸ棬žеֻӳ档
诵ľüкƣǽƱ诵ȴ΢΢üͷ
ӳûзӦ
ѵӳˣ
ž
Ҳӵ̫Զ˰ɣ
ϽĽӴȻ̤Ͻ̧ͷҹеɫЩã
󻪡
۶

ҹδһֱۿҹе󣬴ԼӺҹе󽥽ʧָԭҹյģ
ǣҹδȴǳģܵظоһο
ߣȥش硣
ҹδٲԺȥǹҲһĽŸ˺档
δߵסԺ䣬㿴ҴҶ
ش磡
ȴǽŲͣδ룬֪ҪҲ֪ھ빬Ϣ
ã
ҴȥǹƬ̵δ룬Ҳ̫ģд·ҲЩﴦ
ǰҹδҲЩ滺ֻС
ҹδԺͻȻĳʱ⵹Ǹʱһֲ磬ʱҪˣҪŬˡ
ûлصԼԺ䣬ǰ㡣ҹδڹǹо쾭
û뵽ǣĺܿ죬ʱͻˣϴһ˿һǰ
ҹͻҡ
ҹδ˹룬ǹҲеֽս㡣
˫һ̯ʸûмңֻټ˴ֺ֣߻ʵܡȻ뿪
ʲôϢҲûеõҹδ붼֪˵ʲôˣӵĴڸС
ʼ磺ȥϢɣȥʶ֡
ҹδͷҲùΪʲôȥ֣ˡǹȥ
ա
۶ûʲô仯Ȼ跻ҹ󣬵ܹ鲢ûгʲô쳣ҹδҲɹƽһ죬޸׬ʯͽܣѧϰȻڻƻʱֻص˽
𣿡ҹδŷʵ
ҹʦˡǸŷϽش
ҹδͷûĶˣһŷҲ֪ǹסԺȥԺſڣȥͨܿ죬˳󻹸һ̬ӵ̫ࡣ
ҹδ뿴һǸ̫ࡣ
û
ҹδҲûȥʣü֮һ˿ȥǰ鷿ɡ
ܿ죬ĸ˾ͽ뵽鷿ҹδǹĶ档Ǹ̫
壬Ҳ
̫ȴҡҡͷֱȥһվšҹδǹжһݣǸ̫վڽ۾ȥ͸֪һ˿Ϣ·ûһ㡣
δ룡ɫصҴӶһЩϢֻϢҲޡƺҸ֪Ҳࡣ
նԣҹЩ

ҹδֳһ˿˼һ˿ȻڷӦҹЩѪɫɢϢȴЩϤʱ⵹ķɽսЩơҪ֪ǸսϣֻƺЩͬ
ţͷ־ô˵ģҲֻ֪ǸʽԺص㷽Ҫıˣ׷նɱ塣
ҹδ̫ѨһҪٽ壬ǣ


278 
ǣҡͷģ岻ܶˡǣӦʧöǧˡдģ֣ûϢݶ˵ʵķܻܿĵ
ͻȻͣһ£ɫü˵ĻҪ⴫ֻš
ҹδǹ⼱æͷѹ
Ӱ쵽壬˵ָһվڽǸ̫
λ壬˻֡СչҳҸֻôһ֣֮ǰһֱȴҵˣҴ粽롣˯Ҫ档
ҹδǳ鴤һ£ȴͻȻһ£ɫ˵ʲô˼ǣƽĶпҲ
˼ɫȷ˵ҸĹ˵ʲôʱͱ
˵Цתͷһ̫ࣺ嶼ѸеĹɱˣҪţҵİȮѩᱻɱˡ
ҹδǹⶼŹֵؿһ̫̫࣬ȴƤ˯һ㡣ҹδ΢΢ҡͷ
ⲻǰ취г˹ɣܲܰɱ˰ɣ
̫Ȼ˫ۣĳ˾⡣㼱æֵ̧ͣ壬ͣɱˣʲô
ҹδЦذڰ֣ɱɱǰ취ѵ㻹ܹѸеˣѻˣ
Ҳòã
һ̫ˣ۾ˮڴת̲ס
ô찡ô찡
а취
ҹδվȥȰѸڿһ顣
䣬Ѿߵ⣬һԾѾݶǹ⣬̫ҲҹδȡһŷһԵһĴȣϲ
Ŷ
ʱҹδѾͷһ˫ɵĹâŸڵĸطȥЧʱ䲢ֻʮϢʱ䡣Ҳ㹻ҹδ뿴һȦһԵһʵ
ôô̫Ҳŵҹδ롣
ûУȥɡ
Чʧȥ֮ҹδݼһص鷿ҹδ
ȽҶ໭һЩǡÿ˺һţ鿴һ鸮ھͿˡ
лл̫һۿҹδ룬һҹδ빪ʩ
𣡡ҹδһʿʩ񣿼æһߡ
Ҳ̫ڰֵ壬ÿδҵĺѡˣδ룬͸ǹÿһŷڼķϷеҲֻܹ࣬ÿһš
ڼķҹδԼܹûб¶Լڵݣͷл˼䣬ҹδǣ㷴ҹδԺҪСģҹδ͵⡣
ҹδصԼķ䣬ȡֽͷīʼֻ׼ʮţ壬ǹţԼĴָмţͲظԼ׼ˡǹӦҲ͹ˡֻÿ춼ҪһţȻҹδҲһ࣬ǻӰ쵽Լʱ䣬׼ÿ춼һЩظ壬֤ÿ춼һġ
ֻʮҹδ뻭úܿ죬Щ֮󣬱㿪ʼԼɵһҹδ뿪ʼ˼Լʵ
ҪõԾȻǹĵ㡣
ֻǾ߱˷ڵĻʵϲϵķڡΪֻһʱ򣬷ļ̶ֻܹڷڲռڹʦıԴҲ˵ͷųֻܹ൱ڷʦķ
ȻѾȷʦǿܶࡣʦֻܹͨͷķܹзͽͷķҪʱġӵ˷֮ǿ˲軭ȡͷŷ̡ǿֱӾڵķͷų
ô˵ȥͷٶȣܻǷʦ𡣶ڶ㣬Ƿļ̶Ⱦʹﵽܹɴʦĳ̶ȡҲҹδʱ⵹ʱΣյʱΪʲôܹڷڹִʦԭˡΪǸʱѾĵڶ㡣
Ҳϵķڣֻܹ׼ڡһܹ㣬ǲķڡǸʱܹڷڹڼķˣʱ˲䣬ܹͷųڼܡ
οǸʱļ̶̳Ѿ൱ڷˣԼȥˡ
ҹδ뻹Ҫòܹ㣿
ҪãǿصľÿĹУÿͨԷĴУѾʮֽӽˡҹδƣһ£ܹĵˡ
һ㣬ҹδķڡ


279 
ȻҹδҲ֪Լ㣬۷ҲԶҪﵽ۷һҪʶŶ;أҹδڻֻءԼ˵ﵽŶ;ˣǴﵽ߶أҲҪʮʱ䣬Ǿһˮĥ
ոճ֣ش˵ٳĵҲܿͷɣ
һµʱڣܹΪڣΪӵҵʵⲻҪҶֻǰԭеʱͺá
ûͻȻʵķҹδֽ˼档
ƤоѾһ׼Щӱ㿪ʼԡ֪һԳɹһĹ̡Ҳ˵ԼڶʱԼΪͻơ
Ǿֻ似͵ˡ
似棬ҹδ޵ıǺ꽣Ѿ꣬ȴû򺮡ҹδ꽣Ŀġ
ΪҪǹ㺮
ǡ
⺮
ҹδʶ뵽һ㡣
İɭ
̹ǣ
һŹķҲɢĹâ
һ͵˵ϣΧſһһֻһͷţ֪ҹδʶţͷֺõҹδʶ塣һҹδ
δ룬лȥصתתƣһЩ»ҰҰЩ»Ұɱˣкô
ҹδǳ鴤һ¡
һŮӣû¶ȥصתתƣ
ôŵĽһֱʵһѾ˺꽣е꣬һֱ޷еĺʲô취
취У취һȥһӦöܹȥһ˴ѩɽ͸ˡ
ҹδ΢΢һüͷʱڿûлȥ
ǾֻеڶˣѾҪÿ꽣ˣ꽣ĽʽѾ˼¡Ҫеİ塣ԣ԰ʱϵ¡
㺮µһƺ
˵㺮ǰǹ¶Ķ򡣡
ˣлˣ
ҹδʶ˳˷ڵĽһںû¶ȥصתתư
쿪ʼͲˣʱ䵹¡ҹδ˼ţ似ǵأ
㺮ߵ似Ƿʦĵ
Ӧø̻ʱˡǿ̻ʲôأ
ҹδڶڻѾ˿һСֿ֪һ̻Ϸ÷ΪһʵķԾ
ǿ̻ʲôأ
һ֣Ƕӣ
ܹﵽܼޣ
ҹδȡ򣬿ʼķ࣬һ˾
Լķ붼Ǻԣ;߱˽ԵµĻԿַ̻󡣱ӷ񣬷ٶȵȵȡ
ǣÿһַƺ÷øȫ棬仯ҲӶˡҲÿһַܴﵽ¡
ԣҹδֻѡһַ󣬽Էӵ¡ԼҲǹ㺮ӳÿһ򣬶һ涼Ŵٽá
˫Ӯ
ǺԷҲк֣ܶҹδҪ̻ķڼķҲʮ֡
ѡһأ
ҹδ뿴ʮֺԷڼķ֮˳˼
һʱ֮䣬֪ѡĸá
Լ֮ҹδüͷȡ˻򣬾̽ʼĶ
أĹУһֻ
һֻһķ
ҹδȻ۾ֳһ˿
ƣ
ڹ뻭ʱ䣬ĳ˲䵮˶
ֲͬķ̻һϣ÷ȫͱ仯Ҳÿļޡͬ졣
ҹδڷϿ̻ͬĺԷҲ⡣
ںԷ˱仯ȫ棬ÿһֺԷҲᱻơÿһϿ̻ͬһַЩһֻʱҲΪ˶ķһ𣬱˴˲ơܽԵܷӵ¡
ǡ
ÿ϶ֻǿ̻Էأ
ҹδ˼
ÿһֻ̻ƣֻǼһĻȻڷϿ̻󡣵ǿ̻Ϸķ룬ǲϳķˡ
ǻƿԡ
ÿһ붼һƣжٸжٸơҹδЩƹָķ
ҹδܹɹȫЩ빹һ޴ķ


280 ٽ
ֻһķ󡣶ֻﻹԱ仯ͬĻвͬܡ
ֱܿޡ
˵Ǹûмޣҹδڷжͻжǿ
ôˣ
ҹδ̻ƿҪȿ̻̫࣬ٶȿ̫ࡣ̻һôСķ棬ֻǿ̻һöҹδٶȣҲҪ̶ӡҹδڿʮö룬Ҫ̻ʲôʱ
ǿ̻ǾͿ̫࣬ʮϢʱ䣬ܹ̻һöһֻ̻һʱҲܹ̻ǧö
ҡ
ҹδǽԼȫϵķƶ¿̻һ飬ھƿѾﵽ΢ΡԼȫһԵطֳƾƶĿ̵ͬʱ̻ö롣
һ㳢һ£
ҹδң߽һ䡣Ϊһҡ
һöʶҹδŹ̶һϡȻǸĿ̵ʼ̻ơ
˻˻˻
ʮϢһöĻƾͿ̻ϡ
öԭǺԣǱ̻ϻ֮󣬱ԸӷŴˡöΧĿʼᣬ΢СѩΧŷ
ɹˣ
ҹδһСȭͷŤأöջʶȡö̶Ȼͬʱö룬ʼ̻ơ
ʮϢʱ䡣
ɹ
ҹδ뿪ʼһδ룬̨Ѿڳ̶ӣÿ̶϶̶ʮö룬ܹʮö롣ʱҹδѾʼԽֳʮƣͬʱʮ룬ͬʱʮöϿ̻ơ
ǲʮϢʱ䣬ٴγɹ
һööջʶҹδ֪ͣڵԼҲܹʮ̻
ȻܹƸĵ롣ǿһ£ܹ׼ؿ̻һ¡
ÿһö붼Ƿҹδɲٻһö롣ҹδٶѾˡٶȣÿ̻һʱʱ䣬ͿԿ̻ö룬иʮʱ䣬ܹԼʶڵз붼̻ϡ
ӣ۶ûеĳֻңֻǸտʼļ죬Ҷһ˿ң۷׷ףżȥûзʲôõ飬˱󣬻ָԭеżҲǵһ̸ʡ
ֻĸ߲ɽ񾭣ɳ˴ʿǰ󻪸أռϢһжֲﻯļ󣬱̲۶Ȼûʲô仯ǰѲߵʿȴ˼
ÿ춼վڽߵݼ֮ϣͷһ鿴ûҲȻҲҹδ˲Ƶʯɡ
ҹδҲƽʮȥҹδ벨ͨ˿ˣΪһƷʦ
ʱѾ뵽ʮһѮ䣬¶Ȼʣÿ˵鶼ˬ۶ҲʼرʼŴӴ󻪸ǰ۶ķʦʱƣ۶ķʦԽԽࡣ
Ϊ׽󻪻ʮʮտʼȣǰ󻪲μʮһĹȡ
ʮһ죬Ƿʦʢ䡣
ֻЩķʦǧμⳡʢ¡ʲôķʦ
еķʦμӷȵģ֪Լǰûʸμⳡȣ˵ʦμҲ޷ȡΡΪǰضǴʦһһƷʦǶƷʦûлǰĻᡣ
ǣܶʦҲǰμӣΪľֲУΪڷʦҫ
Ȼֳۿⳡʢ£ͬʱҲ˽ύ־ͬϵķʦⳡʢ䲻Ϊ˾󻪲μĹȵǰҲΪ˷ʦʮһȵʢᡣ
ԣܶʦ㿪ʼشӴ󻪸ŵ۶ʮ±Ѿʼзʦ۶
еķʦһǰеķʦżҶѾߣԵ۶һһࡣջͷļ۸ʼǣкܶ۶ˣʼԼķʰΪʱĿջ׼Ҳض׬һʡ
ͬʱ۶ΰ״ʼ۶˿ԭͶֲ࣬ϵӿôˣؼǣֵ֮Ȼڸػûг֣ȴǳѹڳø߲С
ΰ˾϶ˣ۶ѾʼܣľӪʿһѲСӣڵ۶ÿֵϡ
ˣÿҲŸ͵٣ȵ鷢þӪƣڱ
ȶڷʦ˵һʢ䣬ںڰ˵Ҳһʢ䣬Ϊ˶ˣƵĻҲˡ
ڣҹδһùѾȤվԱ߿һˡ


281 й
һ꼶ԼʮŮӣŮҷԷȻͷԼǮˡ
ؼǣŮӲûΪûǮѶ飬ŭӣҷ겻͵Ǯҵꡣ
ҵϰ嶼ҪˣĶץȥ
ƫƫŮӻǲ𣬺ܶ˶ʶĵʺˣʺĹùãʥϲȨڻʺ̫֣εУȨˡ
˭ǵ
С㣡ϰСĿйɫ롭
ҲһٷǮ𣿡йɫŭǮһ㣬ϽСҽȻǮ㡣
ĶСϰĿˣǸС͵궫ץ
й㽫˫۱ǰ´Ǹϰ壺ҲǸأ
ɲ˵ϰˣйʩ񣺡С㣬ҰɣССҵأڡ
˵㣿йԲ۾
ϰ֣ϾΣС㣬˶Ǯ⣡
Ҳ⣬ҪǸС

Ӷ洩һЦҹδתͷȥֵҾƹݶ¥򿪣ҷݵһȴڣվż꣬ейָָ㣬бһȴվżŮӣЦû֦Ҳ
ҹδʵЩ˶˭
ǹɲ뵱һϹıڣϴ֪ڵ۶ط̫ǲƽʱעռϢйݾ֪ҹδģԵ
Щ˶ǵ۶ײĶǸ׳ӡӱǻĳӣӢʷ̨˵ĳӡǱߴڵļŮӣҲ
йɫѿϱ
ϰ壡
ҹδȻ̤һΪظ֪йҪ̧ǸЦϰ壬ǿľйĽŸոһܹйӿҽŵϢжϳԷһһǿߣһȥλϰǲҲȥ˰ҹδվûľĮĳ̶ȣ˳һйǱȥһӳһӣ
ˣ𣿡
ˣˣ
ʱǲҲ˵ҹδĿ˸м͵ġ֪йƢŹ֣˵ͻǨŭҹδ롣
ȻйһΪҹδĳֶû߳ȥʱбۿҹδ룺
룿
ҹδʱѾйǰ˵ҲˡСֺαΪһͨˣ
ǺǡйЦ˵㲻ͨˣ
Ŀ´ҹδ룬Ŀҹδǰķʦϡ
һƷʦ
ƲƲ죬۾һҹδǰĻץ˹ȥ
¹ңΪץСС
飡
ҹδ뷭ץסйй˲͸оԼұ۷飬һԼұӡҹδǰһɿ֣δйֱ۷ľȥ㽫§סļй˲оֻһɽһѹԼļϣʼ顣ҹδ§йһȺȥһ˵
еȡְ
ûҶǮ
ˣ
òţ
֪֪ܶ˰
˭ŲŪ㣿һСʦ֪֪۶ʦ繷
Ǻǡ
ʱѾ뿪Ǹһٶ⣬ҹδɿ˴йϵ֣ٿֱǰȥйɫ˼£ջ֪֪֮Լ򲻹ҹδ룬ͷԼһͺȵ
ȥŪݡ
ǹҹδߣΧ֮ʱŵδ룬㲻ù¡
Ҳ룡ҹδ̾һǲܣǸϰ»ᶪ
ǹĬȻȻҲ̾һ˸ǡ
֪û¡ҹδ¶һЦӳɫĹâҪˣסشĸϡ
ǹɫ΢㣬Ȼ
ǰ
СǽǻʺҲҪɵһЩοǸй㲢ܳ衣
磬˵йǸݣֵúһϰڴ֮ͥ¾𣿡
岻̫˽⣬˵ڼܲܳ裬ȻǵŮ滹׸硣ֺ̼Ů
ŮҹδЦһмҸڻʺǰô˵ô𣿡
˵ǹܿһۣѹʺмҲܴŸͽȥ
⡭ǡҹδ붼Щ֪˵ʲôˡ
һ찲ȵӹȥƻʱֻصڷԷ꣬һŲһ˽ҹδ뽫ӭ˿


282 ͷ
ôˣҹδ㵹һ衣
ҿҪ뿪۶ˡ
ҹδһ㣬µΪʲô
̾Ϣһ츸ʽֵܽټһټ硣ڼ;У̫ͻȻ֣ӦֵܽøǰԼķأӦԿֵܳΪԣܿڲõĽҪطˡδ룬Ҫڵ۶ͼס˳ҹһ½Ҫڵ۶ҲԸһ𷵻طء
ҹδ΢΢һüͷߵܾûзԣ
ǺǡԳЦ游ʹ游ƹܱ˸ͲᱻʸϻطأֻЩӻŮ
㲻˵ЩӻŮУֻߵں̫Ǹλ̫ӵĿ겻Ӧߵʲôã
ģڰֵϣֻ̫ӣֺʴ֮λΧк֧ܶߡеĻӺͻŮѡ񣬳֮⣬ǻ֧̫ӣֶ֧֣֧ߡˣֺ߽ߵ֧塣
ⲻ԰֧ĻӻŮҲˣҲ˰
ֳһ˿ְ֪Ƕ󱻸Ϊʴ𣿡
󣿡
ʮ꣡Ǹʱ̫ˣΪԼĴ磬ӦΪ̫ӡԺܽҲмڷ̬Щֵܽá̫Ӵݣѵǡ
˵жֵܽԸԣ
ЩֵܽýˣȻǸλӵġˣֵܽǱѡֱǸʱλŷ֣ȻܹвˣҼûֵ֧ܽ˹¼ҹˡ
Ǹʱ뵽ҪЩֵܽãɵֽô˵ľ͸ĵģ
ԣձֵܽò࣬˵١
˰ɣ
ֵܽöߣֻʣֺߣΪԭûмֵ֧ܽ
ǡ㸸ʴӦ𣿡
ûУüͷĥ͸ʵ뷨ʵʱû˵ʲôûͬҲûԡǣ㲻֪̫Ȼֵ֧ܽ٣ڴ֧߻ռŵġûзĻҲ죬дڻӻŮǰء
ҹδ룬֣ʵش磬ûʴ֮λ
㷭һۣǸλӣһȥɽ󣿡
˵Ҳǣ
ҹδ벻Цʴ֮λǾԲȥɽðյģҪ֪Ǿһ
ֵ֧𣿱֣
ûУҡͷֻǺͶ˽Ҳ뵽Щ鷳¶УҲ֪Ҳ뿪۶Ĵ۶ˮƽĻ֮أֻڵ۶ܹл㲩֪ʶĻᡣȥ˷أܶࡣ
ҹδ룬飬Լİﲻһ˿æǲ˵ʲô־ùⲻȥŵ
һڵ۶Ҳ֪ҪҼ˵ϢĻ˷أҪʲôϿԸ֪ңһڵ۶ΪռһҶµҲ˸ȥ
Ҳֻˣ̾ϢһȻҹδδ룬뿪˵۶֮󣬾ûˡ֮ǰ̫ӡ룬Ժʹ׸Ӵһ£˱̫ҲҶ֡
ţҹδ˼һ£ͷһῼǡ
˴Լһӣȥҹδһ㽫·£ʼ֪ԼǿǿҲֻԼǿˣž߱һֻܹؿΧԼԼԼ
ٽҹ
ҹδݼ֮ϣ˫еȻû򺮣ȴҵһ¹ķǱڹʱ򣬽ԼſգԼľӳȥ»Ϊһ塣ֻ»Ϊһ壬ȴѾܹо»ԵĴڡ
ĹԣĿǷǳ򵥵ģͨҲܹܹ֪Ĺȴѣ˶û뷨ϾУĹʵģڸ֪
ҹδոһյļ£Ȼ»һĸ֪»Ҳһ
ھҹδ벻Զһߵݼ֮ϣ̫Ȼ۾·˯һҹδȴֻ֪Ҫһ˿춯Ǹ̫඼۾


283 й֮
뵱ҹδһԾݼʱ̫Ŀ˲˹֪ҹδڹ£Ųٹעҹδ롣
ҹδԽؿ飬ܼͬϸĴҹ˷չ»֪࣬һ䣬һֺ
ţ
ɢľͻȻ֪һ˿춯ҹδȻջ˾ݼ΢΢۾һȥͬʱݼ֮ϵҲ۾˺ҹδĿֲƫͷҹδһû뵽ҹδҲܹ֪춯вɰ
ָӦ¾ٴﵽʦ۷˰ɣ
ҹδ΢΢üͷһӰŵǱУһҹ£źڽˡ
ӦһŮӡ
ҡ
ҹδϸؿһֳһ˿졣
˵ôôй㣿
ʱǸҹĴǱУҲ֪ĿģǴжϣܹƺʲô
ݼ֮ϵҲǸҹƺʲôҲûжҲ뿴ҹ˵Ŀʲô˭ڼ飿
ҹδ룬ջǾȹȥ屩֣һǸй㣬Ĵܹһ鷳
ҹδӯݼԶûзһ˿졣Ȼֻ磬ǳʵԶǸҹ˸ûзҹδϢؿ
߸ݼ֮ϵ忴ҹδ붯ˣ΢΢һüͷû˿Ϣ
ʱѾҹʱ֣һƬžѲߵ֮⣬û߶һѲߵԶ֮ǸҹƺЩˣһ˵ķǰȡһذף˿˷ţ롣
ҹδվűߣȴûнȥѾҹ˹ϣʱţضҹ˷
һҶķ䣬ҹ˲ǲй㣬Ҳɱ֮¡
ѵҶǱڽеڼ飿
ô룬̫Ҳô룬һӰҹδߣ˶䡣ҹδһһ壬˻ʿôǿԼȻû˿
ʱ򣬷ƺǱס͵ҹδ嶼ûжȻڴѹ˵
ûУʲôذף
Ǹҹδȷˣйˡ
סǸҶͣذʲô˼
ǲô˵ǸҶ϶ڼˡʱǸҶȻй
ɿ֣㻰ʲôʲôҽУҾɱ㡣
һ£ҹδ嶼ȤˣйһҶʲô
ǸҶȻйʵҹδס
ͿҹδһۣĿ˼ǣģ˭ˣ
ҹδ㲻¶ЦйˡԻ·̫ˣԼôӣжɣ
ôͱɳˣ
ǸҶһйɫͱɷף֪Ƕôҹδ롣Լ˵ˣ³ѿѹ
ɱҰɡ
ֳһ˿⣬Ȼž˽ȥҹδεҡҡͷ˺档˷ڣйǸҶĺ棬һذ׺ǸҶʺк
й㣬ʺҹùá
붯ֵ岻ɫһͣ˽Ųҹδε壬й㡣
תͷҹδ룺ôɵӣ
˵˭ǶɵӣйһѽߵļҶƵһߣۡ
ѪζӣȻĿй㱳ŵһСϡĿ
ɱ㣬ȻˣҲû֪
Ŀŵйһ£ӲڸУɱңǻ֪
壬½Ұɡҹδ룬յͷ
ҹδתȥй㣬ɡ
ߣйקǱ忴һۣһ²ӣƹ壬첽ҹδ롣
ҹδĿ
ûߣǶҹδҲȫȻġ漰İο˭šҹδ룬йΧһΧƤֳԼֻ˵̬
йѾժҹδԶҹδ뿴˵˵ɣĿġ
йƲƲ죺ô㶼벻ףȻ㱨𡣡
ұ𣿡ҹδ뱻ˣӦöжɣ㸶ķǮòã
Ҫ£й㷭һۣǸƹݶǮǸƹݾ͵øǮһһҪǸСץҾķݡ
˵ǲǶ£
Ҳǵӣ
ȴûڶйƽ


284 
ƽ
ҹδ벻ɿһ壬˼ǣ壬㻹û˵һɵӡ
̾ϢһְƤȥˡҹδй֮ļ̸ӾѾһš
Ҳǳ۶ҹδ룬֪йʲôˣû˻ͷ鷳
̾ϢҹδҲ̾Ϣ׼ô𣿡
ǺǡйɭɭЦҿ֣
žӻȡһԲϣʶʲô𣿡
ҹδǳ鴤һ£Ի㡣
Ӵʶйҹδ̽ϰǲҲã
ҹδƤӶ˼£أ
й㽫̽ϰ˻ȥֳ˷֮ɫȰŪιȥȻ
ž
йֽ˱Сڰϣҹδüë
²£ʲô
ҹδʹǸѪζĿֳһ˿˵
ҪҿҲ뿴ģҲʬڽĻ¡
УйŴģ
йϲмһˣһһѪܵĴԴ͵ϣҹδĿɿڴ̧Ƥ壬ҲƤ˶ŵģǲйԻ·Ūͷʲô
ҹδĿɿڴģй㲻ɹЦô˰ɣڶ󣬰Ū֮Ȼͷıڶѹһʲô飿

һ񲻰Ȼڽӣʳ춼žԼ˭ˣǸܹ׽һͷŽıѣҪͷҲǳ򵥣
Խ˵ɫԽǼָָҹδЦÿͻ˯žԷ㣬ǹȣ˵õһƨˡ
ҹδǿɵһй㽥زЦˣֳ֮ɫʱԼļƻûгɹȻԼЩҲֻ
ҹδ̾Ϣһ㻰˵ôӦûٸɰɣ
йذͷ
èĹ򣬾ûбץ
ץй°һ֣ӽ
Ҳܽ
ҹδ붼ˣ˵Ի·һ˺Ĳһ顣̾Ϣһ
û㣿
˭ңйӵؿҹδ룺֪ңܶץסҵ˶Ҫҡһ֣̾ͱݡҵݣ˭ңǹԹԵطߣ
ҹδһۣ˶Цá˵ǻۣһӾеĹϡ
йһ磬ؼһǲĹùáйڼôܴйļ˿Բй㣬ȴɱСΪǱǴ˻ʺ
Ϊһ磬ȥһʺ״
˵ȥ״ˣȥǶڴʺ
ԭʺҾͳɵӣ
۴ȥûʺĶ飿
Ҳʺϳй㣬Щȥ˻ҡǻҪûУôܻϳã
ԣй˵ץסˣҲֻİˣ
ҹδεذڰֵĶ߰ɡ
ǺǡйŵվһһߣһƵ
÷ߣ
йˣҹδվݼ֮ϣҹδ̾Ϣһ
壬˵ôǲᱻ
ǳ鴤һ£ҡҡͷݼ֮Ծ𣬼ݣʧҹɫ֮С
ʱһȥ
һա
ҹδϥڷڹ
ˡ
ʶ𶯣ڿʼ󣬷ֲ㡣
һˡ

ҹδ೤³һ۾͸¶ϲ
ԼڳΪһķˡ

ڷڹƷķǸʱ򣬲ķڡȻҲ֪Ȼﵽ˷ڵľ磬ǻԶԶҲǿĿǹ÷ļ̶Ȳϵմﵽ۷塣Ǹʱ򣬲ܹǿķڷڵķ̶ȣҲֻܹɾƷڼķ
ķҲҪãϾǵķÿֻܹһŷҹδȴǴԾǧ⡣
峿ʱ򣬸ոͻƵĺʧˡ
ɫӵ㲣ݡ
ش磬ѵطصѾˣ
ûУҡͷںܶԱѾۣҪЩӻŮǰءҲϲˡ
ҹδص뿪˽뿪˵۶ҹδĻкܴӰ졣


285 
Ѱ˵ȫã뿪ˣ߼Ͷˡصص㻹֪жյûǰҹδѰˣȴδ˱ֻʣ˴ߡ
һ׸˵ڶΪԼ˵ˡ
ҪϽԼʵ͵λ˲ŻԼˡ
ҹδ̾Ϣһǹ⿴ҹδһۣɫϾ֪ˡҲ̾Ϣһ

ͻȻǰһУҹδǹѸȥǰ˷׷׻ҵɢӣ¶һˡ
ǸѾȫһˡ
Ǹ¶ļڷɿܼëǸͷ­Ҳʧȥ޵仯ҹδ뿴һͷ
֣˺
ԣҪ
Ҿ
Ҵ

ڵ۶ʲôࣿ
ʦ࣬ʮǷ֮գڵ۶Ѿۼ˴ķʦʦڡ
һž󾻻ͬѩƬһƮǸڻˣεĹâʥİ׹໥ӣǸˡ
ಡ
һʦǸǵʿΧкӵģ΢Цûкӵģͦء
ô¶飬ڴ֮ͥ£ڳԼѵķˡ
ҹδеľɫûˡ
Щ˵ķʦ֪飬֪顣
ô죬Ϳʼˣ
ʮһһʼģˣǶֲ֤дƬ¼
Ҫˣ

ǰٵһߺȡһӾӪɿؽӽôʦΧһεɫͰɫĹţüͷĿɨЩʦȵ
˭ǵͷŷģ
һʦ΢ЦλһͻȻˣΪ侻
ϽĿһǶٵõһЩĻرǱЩ´ǵҪĿ׷նɱɫһ
ܾ
ͿðɡûʲôǾܾġ
һԵһʦҲڵǾʧЧй
λҲһȻ֪͹޵սУҲоֵܱȾһžһŹ顣ˣ֪˶پ͹
Ƕɳ鴤һ£˶ˡ
ҹδʱҲ˹ȥҲҪ͹Ƿܹľ
ܣǿһϢˣܹȻҲô
εͰɫĹâʧһãȻվڽֵ룬תͷΧܼΧˣһ
ǡΧҸʲô
䡭
Χ˶˷ܵػ
Чˡ
ָˣ
ʦ̫ˣ

ಡ
һӰ֣ÿһ˶ٲȻһǵλߡҹδĿһɨԼʶ١
ضͥӰգдҲˣǱ߻̫㣬ط桭
Ȼǲʶˡ
̫ˣô̫ǱߵһȺŮƺܶ඼ǻӻŮ
ٶˣǱߺܶ඼ǳõĴ󳼡
նˣǱ߶Ʒ˾˾˾˾Щ
ҹδѸƲڸ߲Ѿˣﲻ˹עҴһ𣬿ҲסˣãֻŻܿӡǸ˱֪࣬ҲִĿֻšֻǾ͹»ˡ
Щ˵ĿҲڵһʱǸϣǸѾָûɶһ
ǿ£ֻҪ˽취ͻò¡
ã
˾һǸ˵ۿɼٶܼëټæȵ
ˣ

мʿ˳һ㣬Ǹһ㡣Ǹ˴ʱԣź
ôˣΪʲôҡ
ʼһ󡭡
֨֨
ĿзҲĽ
Զۿİշ˾
ضͥһ֣һŹǸѾͷʥɫâһһǸ˵ϣȻ뵽Ǹ˵ڡǸʧŹΪ촷ƮǸѾȫʧǴʱȴû˸һĿǸˡ
Ǹ˸ţͣʣôˣôˣΪʲôҪסҡ


286 
˾ܾ𣿡˹ضͥԣѹʵڴͬʱ̫ؿ߻طҲ˹ȥڴŹضͥ
֪ضͥĿɶǸ˵ѾƷˡûЧҲ֪ô죿
䣬Ŀ˾˾ҩ㣬˾˾ǧ˾˾˼
˼һҡͷУɱҲУⷽ治С
ǧ˼ŵ˾ǿԲ󣬵ЧӦúʹһֻǱáδЧԡ
ĵҲ֪ЧΡҩڣӦܹʧ־
λˣ̫ѹǲӦÿǽǸȴߣĿ֮£ܹãʧܣֻš
̫ӵӢһԵĴθͷͬ
̫ӵϱֳһ˿ϲãؿһؿط档
ȴҡͷѹȥڰץߣ޷һǾϵȴڰץ֮ɵģδؿţҥɻᴫһǾʧܣֻɱǰûм˻ų֣ҥԻء
ǡؿֵ׸кߣ
ɣٳܹھսٺ¡޷˻ָǾɱˣﳯõľġ
ɱˣضͥü˷Ѱ罻Ʒ˾о
ǽ˾оɡ
ԺûоĶ𣿡һüžǺͽ꣺α泯õ̬ȱо취ҪȻǸ¾״ʮ֮ڣضܹоİ취˾͸ߡ
һ£ضͥ˾Ͷ͡ȻĿٴǸˡҹδҲˣȴֳʧǸ˵ֿʼܼë
ಣ
ҩһѾվǸڻǰȡһĵǸ˵ȻָǸ˵ϡٿǧһ۵
ͷ˲һС͹˫ԡ
ã
ǧΧǸתһȦΧʮ˿ſƵʯ
ˡ
ʮ˿ʯͷųʥĹâһƬǸ˵ϣ˿˿ʥĹâǸ˵ڡ
ҹδһֱעǸˣĵʱ򣬾ܹٶȷˡȴҹδʧ
ζŻڻĵûоԵЧ
Чҹδȴ̾ϢһǿȺʹûֻǼֵʱҪȴúܶࡣʱգĿ
ҹδȡһ򣬿ʼѰҴĴС
·кܶ࣬ҹδ벻ÿһַѧᡣÿһҲѡһټʮѧϰ
ȷ˵ѧˣһˡҹδ뿴;û̫áһͿˣûбҪȥѧǣȴòϣڴϡ
ܿ죬ҵ˴Ķһ飬Ȼ뵽ռ䡣
ռڡ
һĹ̨̨ŷֽͷʡĶУһԭģһĸġ
ҹδ뿪ʼȻԭģѾķڣѧϰʦķףֻǻΣܹĻȻֿʼġϣͼڸϡϣĴһʵķԾܹ׾Ǹʿ
ΧΧ۵ԽԽ࣬أһ˿˿ֻȺӡۺԿʼȺзɿشԽǴԽǿֻš
ʱҩѾˡѹĵֻܹӻЧ޷ھͿˡ
ؿ̾ϢһҲЧҪɱ᲻Ŀֻţ
ɱֻţ߻ط˵
ӺʯĴʯʧ˵ĿһλǸϡʵ
ˣûЧøʯһʱĴأ
ǧҡͷʧܳ׸ٳʱҲֻѹƣܸܹһƷߵ󷨣벻ϵУʲô󷨸߳󡣡
˵ǧɫþɥˣֿʼˡɱɣʱûа취
̾ϢһҲֻܹˡ
Եȣ
һֱŶҹδ룬ڵľٵ˵ٵҲ̧Ŵٵķȥ
ţҹδ룡̫Ŀһ


287 Իʵ۵Ĺע
޸ķʦҹδ룬ȫͰضͥӰĽҹδ롣Щкǳҹδ롣
ǧȴضͥĻػ֮⣬ûпڣֻǽĿ´߹ҹδ롣ҹδ޸ڵ飬жҹδһ˿ڴ
̫ûгϻֳһ˿еЦݡطҹδĿ⣬ҹδ벻Ҫؿϴź档һʱ֮䣬Ȼû˿ڡ̫һǰһ¶еЦݵ
δ룬ʲô¶һ˵ҪŹ¡
ԣҹδ뽫Ŀ˴١
㣿ʮĿⶢҹδ롣
оһЩҹδӲͷƤ˵ҲЧ
ҹδ֪Լ˵ţϾÿһַ˼ǧ꣬ô׸ģ
㶼ȫͰˣѵ㻹ʱ;ȥѾγϵ
ÿɱ
ߵطͻȻڵǷҹδ飬ҹδһСʦ֮СԼһɱǸˣʡҹδձЦ
ضͥȴҹδаգ
ûУҹδҡͷĴЧǿɡ
˾طضͥĿ˼Ʒ˾ķʦҪ
һΰɣһԵĴͻȻڵ
ԣҹʦһλᣡضͥҲ̵ͷܹȥ
һ
ҹδ뵱ȥӴȡһŷֽͱīȻʼضͥͲȶ˶Ŀ˷ֽϣԶΧ۵ЩʦҲ쳤Ų߹ۿǸղſҹδĻ
кģвģмЦĵȵȲһ㡣
˵ҹδ֪ҹδ벹ȫͰ
ǲȫ鲹ȫȫԭеĻϣȱʧĲ֡ǸҪԭһЩ˼·һϽҪȲȫѡϾķǧļ飬ô
ڶУҹδУ
ؤἵЩ壬ȴ޷һؤҪķࡣʦҲἵһߺܶƷˣҹδֻһʦֲǷڣƾʲôô㣿
Կ֣ŴЦķʦӶࡣ
ǾվԱ߹ۿĹضͥͲȴĿʣҹδһʱʹմ
֨֨
ǸʿʱͷѾȫͷ֨֨ĹֽСţҪ

㲻֪ǰЩʱգҹʱ֣ҹͻѪɫʴأǱ

Χ۵ȺУ˽Ѹٵش
ٻȻ̧ͷĿ棬Χɨӣü֮¶֮ɫ
ˡؿǰѹϢй¶ȥˡ鷳ˡ
Ŀҹδ룬ϣͼҹδˡҹδܹɹй¶ȥҲ̫Ŀֻš
ȥ
ҹδ뻭һʣʼһŴűǸʿȥʿͷתŨüʻʥ׹Ǹʿϣȥ
Ŀ
еĿⶼǸʿϣǸʿϵïëʼȥȻͷԭģҲѡ
ǣûһΪ֮ǰҲĲϢʱ䣬Ǹʿֻһ
һ
Ϣˣ
û䣡
Χžñǵһ붼ܹһ̣ȴһ˼غ
Ч
˵ֻʱӳˣٵȵȿ
ΧһּžȥٵҲŵǸסʿԶݼ֮ϣֵӰʹߵĹ¥ϣʥַˣ˫΢΢ţĿ⴩˲룬Ǹʿϡ
ˣͻȻڵ
վĴ̫֣μæڵʥϣһˡ
ǸƷŮ˭ҵĺӣ
ʥϣҹδ롣׽ҹǱڴ顣ĸһСΪҹӥСӡǺþһУһС͵޳ҹǱˣֻͩԶҲһ˶ۣһ˶Ŀ
˱ҵĺȥ˰ɽǣһϱ䵱УӡСһӣҹδ롣
ҹδױ㾫쳣ǿʼΪԻʮꡣǣʮʱһֻҪɽǵľԣȴ·ĵʿնɱҲڵڶ죬ҹδĸܰԵı£ǰҲǴһҹҹδĲͻȻˡ
ūƲ⣬ӦλƵʿҽκҹδ롣


288 
ͷܹκ켲ҲֻеֶΡأô˵۶ĪǺʹʲôϵ
Щϵ֣ν˵ҹδ벡ֳ֮ķ츳ոյã޸˷ڡ
¥ϵķ紵죬ʱ֣Ѿտڡ̾һ
Īʧ٣䲻ž䱻ͨʧ١ȻܰԽɽҹδѵɷǣ
֣΢΢ͷ
ܹעҹδ룬ǲҪҲҪ鶼Ҫ롣
ǣ
ҪֻǿͷӦɷǣһв뵽еˣᷢ飬ǻǸ
ǡҹδžĹϵ
ǲ֪Լͺûϵˡ
ǡ¡
ǺѾȥˣˡж︣Ϊţ
ǣǸʿأ
ùܣڰֵٻᴦǡ
˵һ֣Σ֪ʹٲԸ۶޵ģٲ㣬ң㲻١
߰ɣ޷ˣ
ϡ
Ѿȥӣʿȴûٴļ󡣴ٿڵ
㳡ϴһӣóԺúдλʿ֮ûлͷˡ
˵Χ۵ˣ˵λѾˣѾҵ˽İ취ԣҲҪšдڣʥڣǵİ
꣡
ʥ꣡

ڻУһŻʹķȥ֮ǰٽҹδеǰ
δ룬ǸĴðɣûһ
ţҹδͷ
˾ڣҪ㹻Ȼ󽻸ñ۶Ҫ۶
ǣ
ȥɣٴŻʹȥҪȥʥϡ
ҹδŹضͥ˻صƷ˾ڹضͥİ칫ڣҹδ뽫ķϸ˹ضͥضͥҹδ
棬ȻֻǴʦ𣬵ô̫ˡҾշڼĹ׵㷢Ÿ㡣ǲǻҪһԷ룿
ţ
ãһΪ㰲š
л˾
Ӧõġضͥڰֵȥɡ
ҹδʩ£վǹϣǰԼ޸ңһƽйȥֻǵȵƻʱ֣߳Ʒ˾ڻؽĴϣŸо˲ƽ
ֶ緢飬ȻڿֻţҲܹеĻҡ
磬Ҫˡ֪һЩҹδ̾Ϣ
ǹͷ˽ȸСص˸УǹȲȥˡ
ҹδҲֻֻ֪ԼʵԼıǮ
ʵ
ϥڴϵҹδ룬۾
ƤѾо˺ܾãѾΣÿһʧ֮󣬶ʧܵĻϼоĴγԡ
Ѩڳ˳֮Ҳ뵽سľУͬİһسžڱسľʮּͣĻȫҹδȴ֪һʼµѨϣǻΪѨϣȫס񱩵顣
ԣֻǽڿسľתתгԼƤоֽĴ󱦵䴴ķƿǿ񱩵
Ӻ
ҹδ뻺չ۾ֳ˼֮ɫ
ڵƿضѾﵽ˰˳ɾŷ֮֡ǰ࣬ȻƿܹпѨ
ڻһһ֣ܡ
ҹδ뿴ϣ֤·СǰֿʼоƤĴ󱦵䡣
ʱת˲ҹδΪûԵĳ۶ȴһֻҵĸо
ʱ䣬˴ʼ۶һŷ۶ȻǱ˲ٵ塣
еǱڰУеǱڲ¥УеǱ¥УеǱڴ󳼻߾̵ĸУеǱڻʹС
¡¡زжʼˣɹĻ̡̻бץסǱأ㱳ΣΧնɱ֮󣬶ÿһ˶ܵ飬ǷͨߡܶԱΡеĹԱڳٸԭְҲеĹԱڡǲܽΣЩ˸жʧ١һȺӰΧˣЩ˵ĸۡôûʧ
жУҲʱץסһЩˣֲȻ弫٣Ҳһ˵۶ӵػҡ


289 
ʱ䣬ҹδѵõؿֽͻҰʧ˲٣ʵ
ش磬ʲôϲ£
Ҳϲ°ɣ㽫һ¹׽˼ʣ۶æ׽ץ˺ܶˣЩпž޸͹壬ŵԱ˱ûЩӻŮͷˡ
˵һֵδ룬ЩǱĹԱУвپҪЩӻŮͷˣԼͷġǺǡ
Ǻ£ҹδͷȻһЩңȴܹõ۶δӰȫǰһЩһֵõġҲóùעתƣشܹþӵ۶
ҲδܹþӰҡͷ̾Ϣһⳡжȥ̫һġ
ҹδͷ̫ӻôľܻͷβġ
ˣһһ죬ҵøϽȥо󷨣һЩ⣬ȥ˾ȥ̡
ҹδԱˣ㲢߳ţȻԷֿ
Ͱ֮ҹδԾݼݶſ¹롣ǣյ˼ǲܼУлĻ
ôܹشþӵ۶أ
˦˦ͷɴ˹룬ȡһͷţȻ˵۶
˼ţȻһ̾ټ۶Ȼûп
ҵİֻһ̫һҪͷ֮ˡ
ţ
ҹδ뿴ϰԵذŪһ
ֻǷʦķڴʦķУǵûһֲз
ʲôϵ
ҹδȤڶҴҵȥƷ˾Ĳ󣬷˴ĲзȻվǰ뵽ռ䡣
ռѧ˴ҹδʹҴһصԼ޸ҡ
ʦ
ȱңҹδֹס޸ڵʿȥ޸޸
Ŷǣ
ҴҳţִҴһվڹ̨ǰҹδڻһʶķҲʣվۿ
ӵʱ䣬ҹδһŴ
ʦʲôҹδ·ʣæʵ


϶Ȼֳϲ֪ġӴϢ˵һʦȻȫкܶ಻ĴƷʦȫʱڵ۶γһɷ糱ϧǣҲû˲ȫû뵽Լʦȴ˴
ʦʲôЧ
ҲģҹδץץԴߣȥԡ
ȥĶԣ
ҹδŲһ٣ŷЧô֮Ʒ˾飬ֳƺ̫ã
ȥ
ҹδ˷߳⡣
ҹʦ⻹żʿȥҪҹδ޸ҹδڰֵ
ɣ
ҹδȥıӰһʿҹʦǳʲô¶Ҵҵģ
˭֪һʿ̾Ϣһ۶̫ˣ˶ץ˽ȥ
߰ɣɡ˵˶ãǾ벻ҹʦ޸ˡ
ǰŶãҹʦǰĻ¾ͱɶƷˡƺܿʹʦˡǸʱҹʦ޸ʮˡ
ʦȥĶҹδ룬һһʵ
δ룬ʲô¶ǹ⿴ҹδ뼱ٵĽŲĵʵ
û£Ȼظһŷ
Ŷ
ǳ£ֻһŷǹⲻٹģҹδ룬Ŀ⾯ɨܡ
һ·ɿػص˽ҹδֱÿҹ䣬ߵĽһԾݼǹҲովȣͼһӰǵԣҹδתͷȥ
壬شڼң
ţһ𡣡ͷҪʲô
ҹδһȡŴһ˵Ҳȫ˴ҪЧ

۾һȻͱͣڴҹδ룬ûʲôȽİȫҪˣýӰȫ
ҹδͷ˴Ӿ̱òֳͬͬɫѸٵɨŽеĸ䣬ȻĿһڿڽĺ԰һ˿˿ѪɫҹδֽĿɨӽԼʮϢʱ䣬Чɢȥҹδϲ
ӳЧʱ䣬ܹûȫǲģȡһͷţĿ˺԰ǿȻǿѪɫڵļ


290 
ֻܹѾȴڻûгɹǴȴԡ
壬԰һڻ
һ˵Ŀں԰ǿҪ˲ܹΧ

ͷҲͲˣǿܾˡ
ߣȥ
ҹδݼҲź԰ȥ·һ·ͨ裬ǾҲҴҸʱҹδѾվ˾ǿ֮⡣
һ֦Ҷïܼ֦ͬ˿һ㣬˵档
δ룬ôˣ첽˹
Ҫˡҹδ
һô֪
ûзʲô𣿱ʧ٣ҹδʵ
һԵĽһ˵ˣ
ûǣ㲻ӦҲܹԿˣûз֣Χǳ˵࣬涼ûС
ϸ۲죬һɫȻ
ˣΧûһ
Ǻ԰ƽʱûġЩ죬۶ңҲĻŻŵģһֱû԰Ҳû˵ʧ١
ˣȵ
һҶԶСŹ¡
ȥץһֻ
ǣ
ǸҶɱȥĿעǿʵδ룬ôֵģ
Ҳȫ˴ֻܹܹڻ
Ҹлڻ𣿡
ûˣ

һܿ죬üֳָ֮֮ɫδ룬˵۶᲻кܶڻĶ
Ҳ̫࣡ҹδ˼ŵϾôףʱƣԽԽ࡭
ҹδͻȻһش磬Ҫǣ˵᲻ԽߵԽ׻壬߶ֲﲻǺ׻
̫ҵƲ⣬ӦòӦáô˵ءˣӦȾ
ȾҹδطǱ򱱽
ţͷ˵ģ壬׼ǵǡ֮ǰڴϿǸʿ֮ȴʧȥǣͬҰһ㡣
𣿡ҹδ֮ûйǸʿԲ֪顣
ǣһֱעǸʿϢʹ֮ʲôоǸʿǵˡ˿ν֮󣬷ʧȥǣֻ֪Ѫɱ¾Ұޡ
ȻҪҰ޸ô˵ʧȥǣͲ壬Ҿóȷ˵ȾȷһЩ
ҹδ룬ͬͷЩҰ޺ֲأ
Ұüͷ˼˵ûмǻԭ࣬ԭûǣ˵ͻ岻ͬϮȾǺܾܿҲǾͻĻǡֲ
㿴һ۰׿Ǹδ룬ҪȲɱȫ֮󿴿
ɣҹδͷ֪֪ɰսҪӰ죬һȫ˽⡣
£ˡǸҶһץһ֧˹
ӹֻһ֣һֻǿô
͡
ֻոս뵽˿еַΧ㱻֦ᴩ壬ֻ˲Ϣ֮䣬һؼëͷ촷ۡ
ɼһǸҶŵһƨ˵ϡ
Ȼʼˣֻǻûеǣ̾Ϣһ塣
£
һСӻԶԶӣһ治κ˽ӽһ棬һҡ
ǣʩūÿضһۡ
ͷˣ
ǵתͷҹδ벢Ż԰ȥǹ˺棬һľ¡
濪ʼ˰
Ҫ˰߳˺԰̾Ϣһ
£ŵʱ䣬ȥأǲ̫Σˣ
оиӷ꣬ҹδڰֵδ룬Ȼȥɣ뾲
طص飬ǰﲻæҲ޷Ȱͷǹȥ߳˽ڴϣѾǰƽ࣬ҲûǰЩӣĴץ˵æҡͻȻһ
ǰЩӱΪ飬ù˲ӻŮͷ飬ó֪Ѿʼмֲﻯ᲻ӻǾͷʱ䣿
̫ҪشǾͷǾ̫ӵ鷳ɡ
Լܲ滹ǲҪ档
˭أ


291 Ŀ
ҹδס˽ŲȻתظ
ܿ죬ҹδֻص˽ֱס㣬˽뵽鷿ϵĽƳһЩҹδ뵹֮
δ룬㼱żң¶
֧̫ӵĹԱһݣ㲻᲻֪ɣ
Ҫʲôɫ΢δ룬ɲҪ
ģҪϽϽ֮ǰ̫һĹԱ
ҹδ뽲꣬üëһϲ˱ض̫æңҶ̫һ˿ɲ٣ͱ˵ֺˣǴ׸Ҳһֱţֻǿûнڡ̫ҪеĻӻŮͷһӼеĻӻŮʱ򱻱ƾͷжΣգЩֵܽö֪¶̫ӡʱһķһ֣ܹһ̫һĹԱ˾ûôĹԱǾͷ
ã
̫ˣ
ǡҪʵʩ˾ٿ»̫ӡ
Ѿˡҹδҡҡͷ벻ؼǣȵҡͷǴѰҼˡ
ҲҡͷҾͷҲܹ˵ϢֻǲһЩὫԼյء̫Ӹ磬ɲһؿˡδ룬㻹ֱӽƷ˾ɣȻֱӴ̫һȴܹ̫ܿӵļǺޡϾ㲹ȫǶԴ󻪵Ĺ̫ҲֻܹܼͣǺޡ
ҹδƬ̣ҡͷͲùˣԻᰲšֻܹҴҼ˵Ϣ
δ롭
Ѿ
ðɣ󻪷ʦ۾ҲϻõϢѾȥˡ
ˣ
δ룬֮Ͳ໥˵Щˣ㿴Ҷû˵лл㡣
ҹδ벻չһЦҲǣ
ҹδٴ뿪˽һһǹ񡣼ҹδһ·˵̲סʵ
ʦǻƷ˾𣿡
ҹδҡҡͷǾˣϤй㣿
Ǹӣѿڶ
ԣ
ϤԴҡһ˹ģǸ̫竣Ⱥܶеҹӵܶ竡ֲмҴһҹӵܣίԸ񷴸޳˵ͷҵļǿǸιϡ
Ŷҹδֳʧ֮ɫ
ʦʲô
е£ֲȥĸҡ
ҵ֪
Ŷ
йöģÿд¶ں˶ĳȥңкܴĻҵ
ҹδŲһ٣·
̶Ӻҹδ߽˺˶ĳ
һĳ㱻˶䣬źζζ֬ζζ̱Ƕ
˶ĳĻƣҹδĿɨӶĳһϲ㿴һµй㣬һֻŲڵϣŲǶ
󣬴󡭡
⣬ҰһֱŵУ
ҹδֳЦݣζûʲôСʱ⵹ʱɽԿʱ򣬸ӣζš
ֿСйһӣˡ˭ң
йͷҹδվ󣬸ոջ֡ĿһЩɫ˵

ߣҸĵط
Ҳȥ
Ƶ¶
ţã
һ߳˺˶ĳй㻹죺ҹδ룬Һ˵ҪƭңҺûꡣϴεһûԭأҪƭҡ
ᣬᣬ׼Ǵ⡣
⣿ж󣿡
ж֪׬Ŀ϶ǽʯ
ģ
ҹδһй㣺Ҳݰɡ
߽˲ݣйļǹ⣬һ¥ҹδй˶¥Ҫһż䣬ˮ˺һѲ裬й²ѣбۿҹδ룺
˵ɣҺ˵ҵӣҪҡ˵㣬ǽҪҲǽҹùһ˵¶
С㣬Щӵ۶飬Ҳɣ
˵飿
ţ
Ȼ֪жٹԱҸ˵顣˵ֳʵ綼׬˲٣Ψûҵķݶ
ҹδ벻ݸ֪ڼﲻܴ˭ͷϣ
֮Ҳ˵˰ɣ
˵˰ʲôֱ˵ƵģҲϰߡ
ãһַܹڻûлļֲȻҰַ㣬ȥЩҹ͹Աĸϣô
һôй۾һ׬˰Һ˵ǰЩӵĲúܶҹ͹Աʧˣڿ϶ϣڻй¶ȥһй¶ȥضֻ͢һѲ顣
ڲ˵ôѲûûˡԣһỨǮƽһѽ

ʯʯһʯҲҪ˵ȥȻܽǸûлļֲŪ
ԣ



292 й֮ж
йüͷȰסȻڻĶŪˣȻٰҷˣҾ׬ʯˡ
žһָˣҿ˵ǸвֹһʯҾͲļֲҰȥ
йҲȫ˼ƻҹδǳ鴤˼¡
ĶǶӰ
ܹ竽ôЩҹ͹Աûа취һʺù֮⣬Բһܹġ
йҹδһ죺
ҹδȡһֽݸй㣬йӹֽţͷһɫһĿ
ʲô
һЩҹ͹Աҹδ뺬Ц
й㽫ֽϣָŵʲô˼
Ը㣬Ҫȴϵ˿ʼ
й΢΢۾ڿӣ
˵ǿӡ͸ĴĲȡ׬ʯ㡣׺ܹƽ
йֵͷЩҿǵø˵ס
Щϵ˶֧̫ӵˡҹδ뵭˵û³֮ԸЩˣҸģҲҸġ
й̧ͷֱҹδ룺ͼʲôȻ㲻ں¶ԼȫԼȥ£Ϊʲôң
ˣҹδ΢΢ҡͷЩ˵ĸжȥӲ𣿡
˵Ҳǣйֳ֮ɫ΢ɽЩƽʱңҲһңҵģһ뿴Ǳϥҵģһܹ׬ʯ
ҹδȡ˷ֽīͷʣܿ컭ʮŴȻ󽫹ŴƵйǰʣµĴ
ţϿżʮˡй۾
ţˣҪȻȥĲϵ˸УԺûдˣǵĽֹ
й۾ҹδ룬ҹδ뵭ػš죬йŴ
㵨Ӻܴ󣬲ɽ
ҹδǹı»صƷ˾żŴԶԶظй㡣
й㰴Աɵĸۡ棬˺һŴĿ㴩͸ΧǽɨԱɸеһУȴʧһ䣺
ȻûУ˷һŴ
йֵ˳ŴߣɵĸŶ棬ȻڶŴҲ˷ˡգ߹ֵݸйŴ
ʹĸ⡣
йٴפ㣬˺˴Ȼɫһϲ˷ܵһ֣
ߣȥţ
ϣ±ӵй㴩ֵ˴ǰһ̨ףȭͷš
󵨡
ŴŴ򿪣һҶһһ߳ȻͿ̨ºЦй㣬һ顣
С

й̨̤ףֱŴȥǸҶֲһп࣬ôˣ
һҶʹѾмҶɱȥ
йԼ£ҡڵǵķȥ߲ãٵĽŲʹĳںҴҶԶԶؾ͹Ϊ
С٣δԶӭȴûУŶ룬һҽ̶ûС
أйŲͣں
ںǳ鴤һ£йĽŲҸʷ̨С㣬롣
㻹˽ӻɣ̯¶ˣ̯ϴ¶ˡ
Ҳ̯ϴ¶ˣںкҲֻǸкȴε
С㣬Ҳû㡭
ʸ𣿡йбںһۣǵ¶ˣ
ں죺ѵ𣿡
йɫһѵʲôˣ
ںɫΣ죺㲻Ǹ˭մ˭ù
Һ㽲йɫ˸ʥĹԣǸ͸ġѵģǵøмҰ
ںɫһ䣬˭ҲԸⱻ˵ԼѣС㣬˵û˼˰ɣ
йָ˵ںǰɣߣ
ںҲŭˣĵй鷳Ҳоݡ浱Ҹʷİ裿
ҲֻǸй㣬Ҫй㾿ҪʲôʲôһҪԼĸײйһ
ŮˣǷʰ
ţںüͷôˣ
ڸǣһǴǣżƥһǵСǣֻһƥںİҹʨ


293 
йվ˾ǸǶʮ⣬ͣ˽Ųƥҹʨ
ƥҹʨ˩У̧ͷںˣɵؽһںоһ
ѵй㿴ԼҹʨҪԼİ
ԲУ
ʱйȴ΢΢۾Ѿ֪ƥڻȻע⵽ϸڣƥҹʨ˫ĿѾ΢΢죬ƺѪ˿䶯ǵĵȥܹѪա
ںٲȥԼʾԼİҲйͲῪҪ
飡
йһץסںֱۣ㻹ʵʵվ
ںȻתףҲֳŭɫй㣬Ǻ⣿ҵİ
Ѿˣй㵭˵ҲȥǾһ㲻Ҫʶô
һ
ں̲סЦг˿йƵļʱѾ˺棺
й㣬ҵİ˻ԣΪˡͲ¼ҸһɲҪˣҸʷ򡣡
йǿ׳һؿںںŭ
ʲôЩҹԱӵĿ⿴йòã
ôңһҶȥƥǰƥûлйͷߡ
Ŷˣչƥأ
򣿡ںһ㣺԰أ
վںĹܼҼæڵҽϻȥҡ
ˣ
ںڰ֣ʱڽй֮£Ȼй˵һȥ֤ԼҹʨûлתȥȽ£ָһҶ
ȥ
ǣ
ǸҶɫɷףйĻ˵үƥҹʨˣȻ˵йһӣһһûأ
ˣǸҶһɷףйڰֵȥץһֻӹȥɡ
ǸҶȻͣס˽Ųһεںںͷذֵ
ȥ
ǣүȥ
ܿ죬ǼҶ˻ץһֻֻץһֻѼ
ү
ںڰֵӹȥ
ǼҶí˾ǽǣֽѼҲǡ
ֻڰУû䵽棬ȴƥҹʨȻһ̽ͷںŵþͲƨɶס
ƥҹʨſ˴ڣǿеݲ룬һڣ㽫ֻˡһ̽ͷֻѼҲҧסھͳȥȻںɵؽѪɫŨ
䡭
һǵţҪں˳ȴ˩˩ϣһʱ֮ѲãҹʨͷһҧȻں˹
ںһһƨ˵ϣ¸һȣ˳

йһѾԾڰһߣһͷϣƥҹʨ㱻ߵú¡һˤڵϣ˹ȥ
ˣйڵ棬ȵ
һ˶߶µվһЩѾڵϣһƬɧζ
й̧ڱǶȵٲһˣǶˡ

һ£Щ˸ӾˡڻмΪӴһЩɱƥҹʨһְҲôڵʱ䣬ںҲ˹ڻĲվɶ߶µص
ôô
ˣϽ˰ɣ
ãã
ʷ̨
ʷڶͼĸڿ᣺̫ӵ֮Ѿ۶Ѿ°һƶͷˣҶȥ׼ӣվͿʼӡ
ˣһŻ
ڶӦ
Ǹʩ˹󸮹ܼˣҪˡ
ڶ΢΢һüͷǼʹȥ׼ɡ
ǣʹվȥ

ǣ
Ǹȥܿ죬ڸĹܼҾͽˣϴŻţүˡ
죡ڶȵŹϡ
ڶ򿴵ܼһŵɫҲһ˿ܵͷζоһûСǵеķѵЩͻ޲ߣ
ѵЩˣ
ŹܼҽŹϣŵĪţʲô飿
ܼҼڶɫ𾪣·ҵĹǣŵҲȶ˲٣̻ع飬ѹͷβһ˿©˵һ顣
ڶ꣬еǲôţֻҲһ˿֪ЩӵĲжöҹ͹ԱΪʧЩ˰չ٣档
ôͲǷƽ˾֮һ飬һƲˣͷ˷ǡ


294 ˬй
ڶΪʷе
У
ܶ࣡
һڴ֮ʱڸողж֮󣬱Լ˻Щ˻ᵽѪζӷ˹
ڶз֮
У
λӵĹԱǸĺ֮ˣ
ǨĹУֻ̰ܻС£˺֮ҲûУǵĻ˵ǶζĽ
ˣЩ˽Ѳڸ֮ʣ׾Ͱ֤޳ǧĺ꣬һزסܶԱڲжУôµġ
ʱﻹ˵ʲôӾͷ飬ظ
ڸ
Ѿ˰ӷǰйϣ²ضһϵں
֣Һ㽲ҵһȥʲô֪
ðɣ
ǻδܹ뵽㿴ǰЩӣЩԱ³˰ɣ
ںɫˣ
벻
ֻĻң֪˵ʲôˡ
ʦ֣Һ㽲ʱڸͻᱻΧǸӶᱻץ
С㡭ڶ˽ЦݣҪлСΪڼ
й϶ûжЦЦؿڶ
ڶҲġȻΪ˻Ҫжθж
Ҫꡣ
һæʱΪնħ˵ֵʯ
С
˸жøҷڷѰɣ
Ȼ㲻ںҲҪ
ںʱѾվס
ڶȵںϣϴеЦݣЩӦõģС㣬ηҸϵҹʨˣ
й㷭һֳۣ֮ɫθɣ˵ڣǲûʶڼڵĴ֪ˣˣ

ʲôǸģˣҲùڼҵˣƤͼˣСˡ
йһߣһ˵ʾ㣬ĸпɲֹһҪģ
С㣬ڶæվй׷˹ȥ
йͣЦЦ
С㣡ڶйĶ棺Ըƽ𣬻롭
йһڶ򣬱㽫ڶһģ̧ߡڶæڻ
С㣬˵Ҫ٣
йתͷҲҪҪʯҲ㣬һƷʯ
һƷʯڶ𾪵й㣺ôƷʯ
ǾȥҲȥ衣Ҹʱ䣬һ㸮ϡûһƷʯͲҪֱСˡ
䣬й㲻ͣȥڶֽ׷
С㱣ܣ
ģйڰȥ
Ҹ
ʯ㸮
й߳ڸţϲüңһӣһҡ

ҹ
ɽǡ
ӰԽǽϱ䵱еԺ档Ǵӱװİ磬žͷá
Ŵ磬ңôܾûסˣѹ
žֳǣǰƿ˸׵ķţ߽һҳѾܾûסˡѸٵؼеķ䣬žˮ
Ŵ磬ģҲǱĵܵǽˡ
ž۾һͷã컹Ҫ鷳һ¡
ã
ա
ɽУž䱳һô˩ƥž䲻ʱɽǵķȻֹͣ˿ϵ壬һӰӵӶ
Ŵ磡žǰھ˵λͻȻʧģû֪ʲôʱߵģȥҴԼ֮ǰҹδҲҹλ塣
δ룡ž˼Ƭ̵ߣȥ
˷Ŵ۶ȥ

˷糾͵سڴžԶԶظŷã÷ǰȻ͵֪ҹδȥ˾˶ûϢһЩ뿪˴žȥ

ʱܿȥ죬йûôˬʱ䣬ҹδϣʮ˸ˣжʮڻеļֲʼʯӡһ磬ʹ´ڶҿʼˡ
ͬʱҹδҲ߳˴ţǰƷ˾ΪʮһգǷʦա
ʲôʱڣ
Ǽ󻪷ȵʱڣһѷʦеķʦ۶;УҲͻƣڵ۶пˡЩ˵зʦʦôһڡ
ÿʦѣȥˣԣĵ۶֡
ǺЩȣ̫ȴһ


295 ˼
ԭƻãٶͷ֮£⼸ӦȡЩ֧ߣûӵġȥһ¡
üһæűҲĴǮ
ǣĴʯ
ʯǿǼΪԴҲͨҡ
ղ棬ͨĻǽ棬ͨȴʯ
󻪵ʯ
϶డ
Ǹڿ󣬵ڳʯеİ˳ҪϽģֻɹڴ󻪳á󻪵ҪʯҪԴȷ˵ҩ޵ϵȵȣǵҲȵȣǺйصԴҪʯġ
ԣʯÿ˵ʮġ̫Ҳûжʯ۶ʮƷʯ
Ҫ֪ʮƷʯǵǧƷʯʮƷʯ
йҲǺݣÿҪһƷʯЩԱǻһЩʯôôࣿ
ûҲ취ܱȱֳûǴӹλŪǿԷ׷ױҲĴʯеĹԱҵ̫ӽʯʼʱ̫ӻһЩǺһ̫ˣٽȥԼ۾͹ˣ㲻衣
һ£֧̫ӵĹԱо˽ˡ
ô֧㣬ⲻǼ
ʱλӻŮˣȻĲ࣬ҲǰЩԱæЩԱ͸ӣ˵ʲôͷˡ̫ΪջȴҲûа취
̫ӲɵӣһֱҲĴʯĹԱ֧ԼĹԱ֪Լжٵȥȴ֪˭֣ôֵģЩԱ޲ߣЩԱЩԱȴؿƿ
ЩԱɵӣ˭˵̫ӡԼİѱκУ̫ӵҲС
ûаѱ̫УԼ֧̫ӣҲʱĻͥر̫ʯ裬͸˵ʵˡ
ԣ̫ӻǲ֪ЩԱʲô顣
ҹδ룬ǹƷ˾ϣſȥе˷ܣΪҲҪȥˣͨˣһƷʦû뵽ԼôܹƷʦһԵҹδ룬вɸп
Լһʦ
ʦǷȵıգȥ𣿡
ţҹδͷҲȥʶһ¡ûлᣬҲܹһִȵգľҲһ
ţʹͷ
ΧķʦҲ׷׵ͷͬҹδ˵еľ󲿷ֶûлģǱͷμδȡֻжҹδЩ֣ôһʦȻеˣ
Ǹӵʦ
μӿ˵ķʦкܶ࣬Է˺ܶ࿼ҹδԽ뵽ԼĿǹʵʵվڿȺ򣬲֮ǰǰ뿪֪ҹδ뿼˵ٶȺܿġ
Ȼյʱ䣬ҹδʹӿڳˣǰĻѾһƷʦ
ҹδ֪ƷٶȣǹȥԷȻٻȴ˴Լһʱ˸߲ҵ˳ǰĻѾƷʦ
ʦͨˣ񽾰һͦء
ҹδЦŵͷ֣һΪʦ
Χ˺ǺЦǿҹδԼֻһʦͶԼĵһܹΪʦֻܺǺˡ
ŭЩˣҹδȴν뿪
ص˸ûжãйܼһŹֵ˵й
ҹδҲЩŹ֣Ѿ㱨ˣϵĹԱôһң˵ԼйĽˣԼʲô
Ÿȥ
⡣
йĸվ̨£⼸쿴ЩЦĹԱЩƽʱĹԱϥĵӣ鶼ˬ÷졣رǽ糿ջʯ̬˵ñըһͷϮͷ
ЩʯҪҪԼ£
ȻҹδĽݣЩʯԼġɵЩҲˣڼż׺Ľ̸͸νףҹδõʲô
ҹδɹֹӻ
ӦҹδףúԼǳͷˣ£ο׬ôʯҵȵԼ˵ҹδģЩԱͻѳת޵ҹδϣԼ˵һؾ׬ʯ
ʮңܹʮƷʯ
ûмôʯӵйһΣҲʮƷʯ
ǣЩˡ
ԼôȫʯҹδҲôһˡ
룡


296 
ҹδܹ׵زȫһŴ˵ʵܹôһƣ˵ǻۡ
ʵǻۣܹҹδύԺûзƵĻ᣿
ԥ˴죬һʯͺ¶˾ģҹδˡʱҹδڴſڣ̶Цݣ㣡
ҹδǳ鴤һ£˭дأ
̨ʵôˣ
߰йһĹĴ
ҹδҡҡͷʲôֲ߰ǿ˵֮ǰѾ˵ˣеջġ
ǲУй㽫Դҡ˹ģǽãҪиͬͬ㲻ҵá
ã
ҹδЦõؿй㣬ڵҹδڳƿɲСˡ̫ǵʺĳӣ㲢ǵʺӣֲ̫ӵ֧ߣԼסĸУһͺϵơйǻʺˣй㻹ɵ󵨣ҺԼύЦЦ
ܹΪã
йɫһ㣬һ
ֶ˵ǳİ
ûнã׸磬ȴûе׽ãЩãûгϹȻڼҲд
ȦЩá
Ȼк˰ͽϡϵģ˼ų
һûûεӣʵʮֹ¶׸磬Ҳûаÿ
˵ˣ׵Ĺ߾Ͳˡ
ҹδ룬ҹδֵԼĽãҹδῴԼ
̧ͷֱҹδ룬ͻȻһ뵽ҹδ仰ĺ壬֪ҹδԼԼҹδӪͬԼ׽»ỻʺĳڼѾܴˣٱʺ𡭡
͹ȥˡ
Ǵʱȴӿһůҹδû̴Ӧǵ׽ʺϣΪǰ
ⱲӻûΪǹȻύҹδ룬ĿĲǱǮģǴʱȴһɳ嶯ʹصͷ
ܣ
㻹ͷҹδˣ̧йļ򣺡ãˣߣȥǶߡ
ҹδԭûźйʯģֻǰµһסҲ֪йʯ˽ģĿľԲᴿ⡣
ǣ
Ȼйңβң
ο
ҪȥͷҪԼȥӪѰԼˣ˲翿йڼղմݰһͷߡύͷߣԼֻкôûл
ҹδӦйֳϲҹδ߽˽ĴţĸҲ˺档
ҹδй㲢ǰ棬һ䣬ҹδ뷢й㻹СС¡
ҹʦĹܼһһȻɨһйĸࡣ
ҹδ׹ܼҵ˼ҪĸǰԺȺֺй㣬Ҫҹδ뿪ڡҹδȴǰڰֵ
ǸŰɡ
ܼұҹδʩȻס˽Ųҹδ뼸Զȥ
һҹδĶԺҹδĸԺͤţй뵽ڡ
ò裬йԼԵһ
ջ˶٣
йر任ƣʮ򣬶Ʒʯ
ȻĴҹδǰһţ㣬֡
ҹδ룬ʵǲ̫Ҫʯġһֱ޷ȻҲͲҪⷽԴֲҪʯƷ˾׬ʯڹƷϣ㹻ʣࡣؼǣôҪƷȥϰΪռ䡣
ǣ֪ǹҪ
Դǹ˵쾭֮Ϊÿ춼ھѾ۷壬ʯҲΪӣҹδ׬ʯٶȣֻǿǹáǹΪĵʯٶȱضΪԣ˼һ˻ȥ
ʯɡ
㣬̫ˣ
ԭй㻹ڵģҹδ᲻һȥ
ţ
ҹδһ͹ˡ
ԼģͷԼðģԼģҹδ뻹Ҫһߣľ̫ˡ
ҹδķһ룬ԼҪҪ
ҹδڰֵд̫ˣɡ
㣿йһ㣬Ȼ㻹и㣿ǲǶһǷţܸʶʶ
ҹδһ̾Ϣһлᣬһܸʶ

磬㣬磬ĸ磬һҪû°
壬壬ȥĶˣ


297 ͷ
ҹδʧйʶȤûʣǽȻۣȡ˶ʮӣ˵ϣ
㣬̫ˡ
ҹδȡӣս˴ãȻҪչ㡣
йɫһ㣬Ȼһůӿӿͷʱ䣬۾Щʪ
Ӽû˵ҪչԼԼĵﶼû˵ĻԼ͸˵ˡ
ڶҹδ룬ԼոϵĽ㣬Ǳ˽ĵĿĽύĽ㡭
й΢΢ԴԼˮ
ҧҧŬԼӿ
Ҳ˵ˣǽáҲ˵ǽþиͬЩʯһһ롣
˵ʵҹδЩ졣ǹ˵йڼﲻܴҪᣬڼж಻ܴ
룬ԼپܾЩ̫ãӵ
ҸţҪʱҪ
У㣬ġй㽫ʣµʮ
йģҹδҲид
³Է
ãйӦˬ
ҹδȥԸȥһѾϯһ˷һԱߵĿͷڣйĸԼȥԡ
ĸӸйûбôӹлȻ̵ȥ˿ͷ
йҲжҹδӡҹδԼһƣ˫־
㣬Ҿ㡣
룡
ҹδҲ˾Ʊһ
ҹδһκȾƣС岻ã͵ξƲմˣȴҲ˲ȾƵϰߡ
ǽ챻йһ㣬˸㣬һʱ֮˼ӿƽ
һһĺȣ
ҹδ벻˵Ǻйй竽ͳͺȡ
˶˵ͷȾơ
տʼй㻹ЩӦҪҵ˵ǺźţӦˡ˺ȵҹδ붼
峿
۶峿ո֣ر̯ΪƷ˾ΧĲ¥һ糿ˡ
ΪǴ󻪷ȵıա
Ϊ׾ݵķʦȻ̯ϴҴҳԵȥŶӱˡԣķʦȴƷ˾ΧĲ¥ѻǵЩˮ㣬ǵЩƲˣһϵرţһߵԼĸȥŶԼ
ҹδûȥŶӣԼֲûͽܣԼͽҲҪǹⶼòϣյƷ˾ǶŵĶβƽ˴ţԼ޸ҡ
ϣóһ鼮
ռĸȻûȥ˹ѾʼʦĴˡ

ҹδ벻ɲ죬ôͱˣ
ɣҹδû뿪鼮һ˹ǹվ㿪Ӧһ
ҹʦ
ҹδ̧ͷȥһվſڣΪ޷ʿ
ѷùɡ
һ㣬ЦҹʦҲ޷ģ׸졣
ҹδһ㣺׸
һЦ󻪻м׸
ҹδ鼮վ£
׸ȥһˡ
˵Ļ̫ҹδҲ⣬ͷһ˼ŴٽԼʲôһ߸Ǹ߳Ʒ˾
˻ʹ⣬ǹͽȥˡǹڻʹšǸ߹հ˹յ׸칫ĵطҹδţŽȥһ
׸ȥ
ҹδͷ˽ȥֽŹϣȥ
ܴ
һſӣǽܣһߵϰڷŸ鼮һߵϰڷһӡұܱ߻һСİӣϰڷŲߡʱپſӺ棬ͷ¡
ҹδߵ˿ǰͷҲ̧ʵʵվһվнӣﾲģֻдٷµҹδҲ֪ٽԼҲԼԼôվţΪʲô
Ҳʡ
ž
ٺ£̧ͷҹδ룺ˣ
ҹδ˲ͷӦʵǷȣͷǣ
ٳĬһŪʲôֱܹûȫļֲ
ҹδвɾȡ
ôٳ
ǣ
ҹδһԴʺţ߹й㣬Ը߱ˣԼİôٲ֪
֪ûʹйˬˣֱһ䣬θɣ
ЩԱǸʱ򣬶й㣬ҪйɫﻹҼʣ
ԣ¶ҲϡͿû֪ˡ
Ҫ˵йͷأ


298 ѡ
ʲôٵɫӲÿΪ޷죿û֪Ϊĳַй㣬û˷ֶߣ
̫֪֮󣬻κ㣿ʺֻ֪֮ôأ
йǸԴзֻı£
ǹǼһֱйһֻҪ΢飬ͻ뵽ϡտʼ飬ΪЩԱؿƿòࡣֻҪõģˡ
Ҹ㣬µĻֵϣѾ̫Ӻͻʺǰ
ûҺйһףҸ߹ҸĴ
ٱһ㣬й㻹ͷ
뵽йҹı֣ٵĻҹδͲ֡Ǳ˻ȥ
֣
ʲôʱȥ
ȥͽҹδ̵
ٺɸֵ˵֪֪ڴжҪһ÷ʦѧᣬ󻪰նٰ
ȴΪ¾ͷ֮£
ҹδͷڴܹ³ĿģһҲԾ׸ǻۿɲǳԸɷġ
ҹδͷûб⣬ȻϾ;ҲȥֻˣˡǴ˵žͺá
Сٵûо̫ߵˣ
ߵҹδɫһ㣬̧ͷ˴١
ߣٺһ˻ûе۶ȴѾƷ˾Ϊ˶ԿˣƵ˷˼⣬ЩϷ˶졣
ҹδһӾӰһݽԼĴҲɺֻ٣
ֲǴġ
ҲͰˣ㲻ڵ۶ԶЩСʱţ۶˾ͻ㡣ˣҲˣȴŪһְͷƵһµĸ߶ȡ֮޸ߵµķǰЩӣֲȫ֮ͥ£ǸʿһһһͷһͷƵȥˣŪһ
̾Ϣһ֪ľַش֮ĵһûбûиˡҪ£ĺܣѱ
ĬƬ̣ƺǸҹδʱ䣬Ȼ̾Ϣһ
һΪǿ֮ǰҪѧ׾
ȼȻѾˣǾȥɡǾͲҪˡ֪ˮƽ϶ǴʦǻûеһƷʦľԼ㾡Ҳǰ̶μĹȡԣͺŪһ¾ˡٳͷˡ
Ҫ֪Ѿ̫Ӻͻʺ
֪ı£̫Ӻͻʺضȡ㣬ǵӪ֮ǰǵ¶ǻȵط¡
ᣬǻ㣬㡣ϾĲŻķ츳˱ӪǾһв
͵׾ڵ㣬õѡ񡣡
ҹδ΢΢ͷ˼붷
֪Լĸߵ˵
֪Լô㣬̫ӵĵ
֪Լй㣬ʺķŭ
֪
Ϊ˾ԼչԼԼȦӣȻȦѰԼˣŲһС

ҹδ̾Ϣһ̧ͷŴ٣С
һ뾡
ţ
ٱһ۾ֱҹδ롣
ҹδһͬ޶һ㣬һҶ·һͻᱻĴ˺顣
پҹδʮϢֱҹδĶͷһ亹ſڵ
ѡ񣿡
ǣҹδҧ
ˣ
ģ
˷ǣ
Ǿͷǣ


ҹδ첽߳˷䣬ְŹϣֲ̧һѶͷϵ亹
̫ˣ
ڡ
ĬȻƬ̣ڻˡ
Ǹ˽ˡ
л
ǣ
һ̶Ӻ󣬴˽ף
̧ͷŴУҹδѰҼ˵ôˣ
üͷûϢ
ٶͶһЩҵ˵Ϣ
ףôˣ
̾һδΪѰˣЩħˡˣ㲻ЩֻǾҵļˡ
ǣף
ҹδڻʹźǹϣصƷ˾ҹδ˲İ칫ǰš
˲
ҹδ˽ȥ
δ룡۾һ
ҹδߵİ칫ǰȡ˼ֽݸ˲˾ҲȫĴԹ۲쵽δĶֲ
ӹ˼ֽѸٵؿһ飬̧ͷЦǺǵҹδ룺
ǶһԷ룿
ţ
УͰţ
лл¸ˡ


299 ί
ҹδӲڣҡҡͷ̾ϢһԼóûһ⣬֪ЩУƲй㱳ĺԼ
Щоûһ򵥵ģ
صԼ޸ңҹδõʯԼһʯȡӷڵϣǹ
磬Ʒʯȥ
ǹɫһϲȻ֪ЩʯǴйģҲûпƴǡ֪ԼΪԽߣܹԽȫرҹδ롣ӵ
ͿһЩԴδ룬粻ȥɣ
ҲȥȥԴɡ
ˣһᾡ
ǹҴˣҹδϣ齥سٵһҿòԵ⡣
ΪԼֵһЩǻᵲס̫Ӻͻʺ
ס
ٻԼֵ
ҲᣬҲᣡ
ִе˼ҹδ²͸
ԣͲָ
ԼҪ͵
ҹδ뷢˰죬ȴ̾Ϣһ
ܵ͵ģ
Ѿ·Ѿ˹עˣʱ͵𲻵ãһᱻЩעǣΪ
ҪǣҪ·ΪѰԼ·
ⱻЩɣ˺أ
ȻᶨԼ·Ϳʼ˼ܲİ취
ʱ䣡
Ҫʱ䣡
ԼĳɳѰҼˣҪʱ䡣
ȥǰ˱Ĺ֮ǰû˸ҶԼΪĹȵҪԣ̫ӺͻʺҲ֪ʱԼӭʵ۷ŭҲʧȥġ
ˣԼ˽һʱ䡣
һʱԼɳʲôӣ֪᲻ҵ˵Ҳ֪
Сԭ𣿡ҹδ̾Ϣһһһɡڵǲȫƿأ
ҹδЩ꣬˦˦ͷֳ³һʹԼ侲
ǰܹ̬ƽˡǸʱѾ֪Լʮ꣬տʼʱ򼸺ܲסѹȴϰ߶ںϧŵÿһ졣ľԵЩ飬ҲֻҹδŶݵķ꣬ܿȥЩ꣬ó鼮
Ϊʦ޸˶˺ܶࡣһ޸ʱҹδڿ顣
飡
űֱƿҹδüͷ̧ȥй˽۾ģһƨҹδĶϣͻ
⡭йǵ۶ŵĴ竣Ǳ˭۸ˣɵĵʵôˣ
й̧ͷᣬίɺˣʱﻹһŰӣ
ȫһίСŮ
ҲޣǰҲûܹί
Ȼǰίûô󣬵ǰҲûùֵĵһӾܲˣø죬ǿ޳
㡭ء
ʱҹδԴתķɿ졣۶ܹйί̶ȣһֶֻܹ
ѵ̫Ǩŭˣ
˵йƻ̫ӽϻطصļƻ̫ǨŭҲʵⲻҹδǸ⣬ͣ
˭۸ˣ
ҵйһ᣺硣
磿ҹδһ£ʵʯˣ
йίʹͷֲһӿˮҴûйôʯҲƲңһؼ̲֮סǰ԰ڡ
ǡ˭֪ǾȻȻֱӾͰҵʯˡҵ˵һŮҪôʯʲôòá
㡭ŮӾôûеλ
˼ҵŮǸĸбΪʲôݶ磿
й޵˻ơ
ҹδ̾һ
ʱ治Ů֮ҲŮΪ١йΪˣҹδ벻Ҳ
Ҳܹой㱾ԲҲ֣㰲ο
˰ɣ㲻ﻹʯ͸㡣
ġйҡͷ
ã˵Ǹģǽ㣬Ҫҵġ
һ˵ţһߴӴȡӣйǰαڻؼ԰ˡ
ޣ
йü۵ؽ
㣬ҵס
ҹδǳ鴤һ£ɲҪ
û㣬ôõЩʯ
ˣһһʮ˵ˡû˵ָʯ
ô˵
ҵ˵㲻򵥡
û㣬ң
Ϊʲôǣ׬ʯˡ
ҹδֳ鴤һ£ûƻ̫ӵļƻ


300 Ͻ
ûУ
ҹδĬˣڿٵ˼
ⲻ
̫ǻʺҺйƻ̫ӵļƻΪʺĸ磬᲻⣿
ŭһµûУ
ҹδͻȻһ֡
ѵʺĲ̫ӣ
۰Ķӣ
ҪĶӳΪʴ
ؿط棿
ؿط棬ʺֻӡ
Һйƻ̫ӼƻŲʣⰡ
ҹδһ˿⡣
ˣδؾûлᰡҳܵѹҲδؾô󰡣ҲŲĿռ䡣
΢΢ҡҡͷվڵ۶̫ǳˡû㹻ϢԴ޷ȷķ
һй㣬⵹һϢԴ
ҹδ뿴йֳ֮ɫ㣬Ժ׽㡣
˵ʲôɵҹδЦһйͷйֻ۾
ʦһˣ
űƿ˽й㣬ɫһ㣬йʩ񣬻δ˵йֵ
ö񣡡Ȼվ㣬ˡȷȵʱһȥΪͣһҪɱǿ
ã
ҹδȻͷйͳ⡣
ʦĺơţǵİǧŰٰʮţǰǧŰپʮšǴȵĵص㳡ϱ㳡ҲΪ
˻డҹδ˺ƣ⻹ǵһ챨
ǰҲпٻʮʦμӴȡ
޸ң⼸첻ж޸ģĥҲ⡣
ллʦ
ҹ
ҹδķڣֻҹδˣҹδרǹأվһ塣
ش磬֧̫ӵ𣿡
˳˼ȴһҡͷ֪ʵ˼û˲µõ
ǻʺأ
Ҳ֪ô
ҹδĬȻƬ̣㽫Լ˼˵һ飬Ȼʵ
ô
һΣĬȻãüͷ֪ʺĸ֧̫ӣȴȨ˶֣Ȩߡһ̫ӵĲϣȨһ̫ӵͶ˵֧̫ӣȴһֱû¶һ˿̫ӵĺۼ
Ŀ
˵ȴһЦô˵һϢǶŲĿռ䡣
ǣ

Ͻ
Ȼ˼µĳ;棬Ͻʿһ֮ء
̫ŨˣֲָȻվ棬ȫ澿ʲô
ɽǺɽȣأȫ֪
˽ģ֪ԼǷӦüǰС
ǣֺоѾʮֽˣŨ֮УϵغͷȥƹȣλòʮҲ֪ƹȣΪƹͬŨ֣ȴܵظоżвһȦӣ
Ʋ⣬ϽϽأܹвеĵطƹȣܹʲôط
ǣͷҡˡ
ΪǰطĸоأҲΣաǰǿǿҵغֱ͸꣬뵽
ںԥѾǧôȥġǾôȥ
ֻվŨ棬һԼһֻϣԾ޴Σյĸо
ʱһôϣܲtܾģһļžûУ͸˵˼ˡ
һ룬ƹȣƹȵʲôҪطҲҪΧ䣬ƹƳŨƳ棬۶ԪĴʿȥˣҲӡ
Լȥأ
һҧӴŨȥ
Ը񣬱
Ũ֮󣬱ͣΪʲôҲȫʧ˷򣬻˽֪Ӧôߣĸߡ
ֺȴȻָʾ˷
ȻͣûѭֺǰУǸ֪Χĺë
Ũ֮⣬ʲôҲһ뵽Ũ֮ڣܼɳɳͬŽ
ȻǼǿҵĸо֪ӦܼĹƳ档
ҲЩƳԭŨǾֹģΪˣŶҪǰҧ
Ҫ˻ȥͷոշȴͣɳɳѾΧַ·𿴲߰ͬࡣûһƳҧĽűͬɳһûһֻƳһ¡



301 عƳ
һ̧ԼǰأȻĿһ˹ǰǸϡ
ƣ
һƣĹƳӶ
ǸŮӡ
ȻڷɽмǸһʱеŮӡԺֳǸŮӸʱԼǰƵǸָ
ǸŮӡѵƽĽ
һָԼǰϣʲô
ɸǰƣΣûзֶʲô
Ҳô˵
˺Ҳֺ
ź߰ɡ
ȻͬһϹӣʲôҲֻСѭֺķǰС
ԼĽŲΧɳɳƳһȻ඼紥֣ǽľˣѾͣ˰ˣҲûʲôƳҧиȷǰƵԭ
ǣߵʱҲ̫ˡʼԼһֱŨȦӡֿΧĻ֪ԼǲȦӡ
һֱôߣоԼѾ˰ʱˡͻȻǰһŨʧˡԼվһϿȵıԵϿףŵɺһһˣǰǻŨ
ǰһǰһ壬Ǹ׵ĴϿֳˡǴǸϿд
Ȼ۲һ´ϿȣȻһżⲻͣصͱ͹Ĳ֣ͬһֻԳһ㣬ɿϿ·ȥ
ԼӺȻϿȵزȻоֵģһβ׵ͬһ˳Ŵ׵ǴܵͷƤϡ
涼ǺһƳ棬ָĹƳ档ЩӣǲǹƳ棬Ϊ̫ˣһ׶೤⻹ǹƳ
ôڣ
ȻĽûйƳ棬֮ǰЩƳƺ˸ӦĴɢȥ¶˵档
ȻһƽһԼľĿǰǺĵطЩĹƳ棬һҧ̧ǰȥ
ɳɳɳ
ǰĹƳɢȥ¶һ·ţ۾ȻУԶֻһ׶೤ĹƳ棬ͻȻСˣСָֻ״󣬻ƳУɳɳˡ
̫ˣ
ǹƳ澹ȻܹСҪ˵ڣȻȻͻһű˰ɣ
ȻСǰУͬʱƹȵķӶӰһһŮ
ʮľ룬ƹȵʿ˵ܿ͵ŨԵ˶ŮŮŨֳε
ʦ֣㿴ʲôƳ棿
õһơǸҲֳεʦãأ
õһԹơϣкˡŮһȡһƿƿеһҺͿĨ۾ϵ
˵һϿȣǿƳ֮أʦ֣ȥòã
ǾɣЩĲ㣺ҲҪУҪʦĶǰΪŽϿȣõΪǿĹƳ棬棬Ҳûл
׼̤Ũ
Ȼһߣһ߹۲Ͽڵĵƣֵƿʼŵչ˴Լ죬ǰһƽͱڣѾߵϿȵľͷǺ֮ȴƽͱڴ
ȻüͷְǸƽͱϣͱʵڣôȥ
γ˳Ǹƽͱôȴʼûз˿صĺۼץץԴؿƽͱڡ
ͻȻһ֣СؽǰǿȥУǿƽͱڰȥ
ƽͱͻȻͬһ㣬һȦһȦصǿƵִͱڡ
Ȼ۾һٲǰȥα㴩ƽͱڡȻоԼƺһˮĻȻʧϿڡ
Ȼ˶ǰȥһµб£֪ж೤ͨͨӨӨ̹⣬̧ͷȥɫһ䣬ս־һϷĶÿʮңſһֻȭͷСĳӣܹؿǳӳһ״εץڶϣɢɵ̹⣬ڶųһߣԶչ
Ȼſ˴Լӵʱ䣬ɫĳһҲܶ϶ЩӾһġõİ취ȻɫĳԣһͱѣЩɫӶأ
Ȼ飬ͷһۣǽڡǿǽϰһ£ֱ۾ʹ͸ջֱۣ΢΢һɣ˵Լܹȥһ̧ͷ˶һɫĳӣջϢȥЩӵͷǸ¹ԼĲϣͨСǰȥ


302 
ǰ߲ãľһΪͨĿԼǰУʼԽԽҲԽԽߣһֻֻƳ棬СĹƳֻСĹƳȴѾһסԽǰߣĹƳԽԽ
һߣ͹ȥһʱ䡣
ʱѾɽ˿ټͨߵǽѾȫˣΪͨÿķ·һ޼ʣʱ·һƬƽԭϣͲɽͨģҲȫˣһƬҹգֻеķǲͷɫĹâɫĹâ
Ѿȫһ¿ռ硣
źָĵ磬ѾȻʧȥ˷ʧڡ

Ȼ³һϥΧǸָһĹƳ棬ȻѾľˣûжٺ¡Ӵȡ˸ˮ֮ƤЩܣʱˣû˯ΧĻĲ˯ҧһԼ⣬ԼһЩվǰȥ
˴ԼգήҲľȻͬһͰˮһӶ
ԶԶƺһ޴ĵһ˵ĵ񣬹Щ谵ҾЩԶ̫Ȼûг嶯ӿŲСƹſڵϣһĹƳ棬ǸƽԽǱƽǸԽǸоֺǴӵдġ
һʱ֮ȻվǸ£ֳȻ˵ɫ
һߴԼ׵ŮӵȻڷɽʱմУǸǿŮӣǸǸŮӡ
һģһ
ǡ
ȻɫһǸŮӵͷϣüѿһӣֱͷ
ʲôԴһӣ
ԣ
ȻعۿҲһսḻˣǸӲɣԼѿġ
ʧ
ͷոո֣ԼǰǸƮȻƺʲôƮ˳Ȼоָоһδ֪ĶǸŮӵƮ˹ȥȻ뵽ǸŮӵڡ
ǡ
ȻĿ࣬ǸŮӵͷϵѺں£ҲǲϢʱ䣬Ǹѷȫ£һ˿ۼ·ûһ㡣
ˡ
涼һ£ռһȻ־طΧЩƳ桭
ǸŮӵΧǸŮӵΪģһȦȦƳ棬һȦоŸƳ棬ÿһƳ涼࣬ȻһȦһȦ⣬ĹƳԽԽ࣬ҲԽԽС飬޾Ůӵͷѷ£һɲǣǰľŸ޴ĹƳȻһȦһȦӣһƳ涼ͬǿյá
Ȼ彩Ӳվ޴Ƴ֮䣬һҲҶ
֪ȥ˶ã緱һĹƳԶʼϨȻȻӹȫϨ𣬿ռֱ˻谵ɫʡ

һ̾ϢýӲȻ˲ëȻȻ̧ͷǸŮӵ񣬱ǸŮӵһ㣬ֳ˵оɫĿ鶯Ȼ
ּˣ
ǰȻز֪˵ʲô
Ҫ£Ůһҵʶڵʱ𣿡
ǣ

󻪡
۶
ʱúܿ죬һα㵽ʮʮһ졣
⼸죬ҹδúƽû˴޸ʿҲǳ٣ΪЩʿҲٳȥԣ˵۶׼ۿʮһȵʢ¡
ʦԽԽʢˣ֪жǰμӴȵķʦ𣿡һ˷ܵ˵
٣ҹδҲ棬ҹδÿ춼æµ棬Щ֪Լλÿ춼ڰԸϢǹȴɾɨܡ
ʮһࡣ
룡ҹδҲɾȣʮµķʦʮϵģˣ֪ȵ𣿡
ֻǹ˵һ׶εĴȷʽ䣺һ׶εһȷֳء㳡Ͷĸ㳡
һȽѡһʦ
ҹδͷ̭ʿȥˣʮһֻʤһˡֻҪ룬μӴȵˣһ붼ǷʦЩ˾һεģԼҲԼͲܶȥǰʦǣ
ԣҹδ벻̭Ķˣ̭ˡ
һȵݾǻһŻͨʦٶȺѡγǰһ˵
ҹδ벻üͷûпڣ˵


303 ʼ
ڶȣǻһˮһ̭һǧˣǻһݷ̭һǧˡ
տʼʱҹδüͷúܽţüͷչһԵǹȴȥˣɿڵ
ⲻ˷ʱ𣿻ЩʦƷķʲôãĹȵʱҲǴʦҪ˵Ӧһͽеķʦ̭
ҹδ΢΢ҡͷôЩĿĵġ
ʲôĿģǹⲻʵ
һĿǶʦҹδʱ⵹Ǹʱв꣺ʵϣϹʱڣʦҲҪսġںƽʱ̫ˣνʢ£ҲúְܶҵʧսڵķʦУ󲿷ֶ˼˲ţҲں޸ȵȡ
սһţʮˮƽӲɡȷ˵ԭһţ˵ΣĻ£ʱһţʧܡ
ȻμӴҲδؾܹǵսǾһνŵķΧҲǳûа취İ취
ǹ׷׵ͷ
ڶĿġҹδЦҪ֪ЩʦķҪϽģʹ˷ʦΪֻһõʮһƷѾóþٰȲˡʣµĳζ׬ġ
⡭ǹĿࣺ⳯׬˰
ǰҹδͷǺûйϵҪľǴÿһ񣬹ƵһҪ̭ˣҪʤ֮ģԴǶĥ¡
ǣʦ
̬ʮ棬ܹҹδǹоսҹδصͷû˵ս
㳡
ΪΧĲ¥ǱҹǲؼڳζȺУһߺȲȾƣۿżĴȡ
˲μӴȵķʦרͨ棬ҹδֱ߽ͨ
Ĵÿһһʦ𣬶ҹδһ֮ڣ˵һ
һ߽һϯλѾһķʦЩ˵̬ҹδȴ̾Ϣһ
Щʦ󲿷ֶһɵ̬ļʮˣȻûɵ̬ȴһĽţûȵս⡣

սѾʼˡ
ҹδ֪Щ˵̬ΪʲôɣеΪ֪Լ϶ڱ̭һУǵһҲͨϾֻǷʦȻ컭ǾƷǷʦʹʦܱ
ٶȱȲˣҲȲˡ
̭ǱȻģǾһ֣ȥԴһ

Ϊһ֣һμʢ´֣ȫûаִȵһֶԼĥ¡
һ̬֮ɣΪǶǴʦþǽţҲҪںĳΣһһʤô㣬ԼҲᱻ̭ԣȻɵ̬
ЩŵļʮʦԼһȣͨͲ֮ͨ䡣Ա˽š
ҹδߵԼλ£ĿɨӣϰڷһֽŷʷīΪ˹ƽѡΣֽʺͷīǴͳһṩ
ÿһӱϣվһʿҹδһβμִȣҲ֪Щʿվʲô
Ŀ˹㳡һ޴ϣǸϸܵĿ̶ȣԼ΢Сʱ䡣
ҹδ벻ɣţҲзڵս⣬ҹδ룬ٴĳ棬Ҳʮƽ
ǡ
ȿʼһ˲䣬еսⰺȻֻǵһȣȻֻǻһŻǾ֪ʲôսֻҪΪսҪȫԸ
ҹδ뿪ʼīȻֽнеһŷֽȡֻÿʦṩһŷֽʧˣǱ̭
ֽ̺ã˷ʣ
ԱߵǸʿĿҹδ룬ÿһʿڶԼεķʦһǼලǣԷףһǸʦ֮ǵķдɵʱ䡣Ͻĵķʦ
ҹδǸʿɫЩʧִҹδ뿪ʼīֽ̿ʣˮһ㣬һԵС
˾˵һְҵǽͷձˣһﵽ˼£ձСһֱţԼ˾װʣǽȴۿˡ
ιλֵܣķǽ𣿡
ǸʿȻѣҹδѾ˷ʣĿŷֽϡ
ꡭ
Ȼ̧ͷ˾޴ᡣ
֮һӡ
ǳ鴤һ£ٵؽҹδ뻭ŷװֽȻֽдҹδƷѵʱ䡣ֽ̨ȥ
ι


304 
ʿͣתͷҹδ롣ʱΧЩʦҲȻ̧ͷҹδ롣̨ϵЩʦҲߡ
ʱڹ㳡Եһ¥㣬ٴһԣĸˡһˣꡣ
Ǹ˸޵УһλڡһŮ궼޵еĵӡ
˾ᣬѵóһ¡޵жڶǸŮ˵
ӶĿ˴⣬ֻ˾һ˵ͷһ˫ַϣָգһɣ޵ֳΣ֪ԼĵӣֳС

˾̧ͷһãȻӡҲֱһͷ㷢ںƤСɫپ£ȴһ˫üĽüԭӦ͵ӣһӱӢ
ɿȣ⻹޵ûкҪųжȣ֪𣿡
֪˾صͷȻС죺ֻǵһʲôɿģ

ͻȻԱߵһһ£޵к˾Ҳ˳ĿŴȥȻҲȵ΢΢ͣ˾
ʧ𣿡
㳡
һ㾲Ŀⶼҹδϡ
ǿˣҹδʵ
ڵһǸʿͺˡæ˵뿪ˣҪӰʦ
ţ
ҹδͷȻ̧Ź㳡ȥǸʿҴҵֽ̨һʦǸʦֽҹδķȡ۾һ
¥㡣
ʧ𣿡˾һµؾ
޵ҡҡͷֳһ˿ʧˣʧܵķͲװֽǸʿȥˡ
ɹˣô죿һµı黻˾ȡ
޵ЦҪĿģ˷ɣҲ콾
˾ֳȤڶԷȸȤˡ
ҹδ߳˳ڴȻվվڳڵıϣȴԼĵԱߵʿһۣ˵ǲҹδվģһϽ˷Ҫ˳ҹδٶʵ𾪣һ̺òŵ˵ҹδԴ⻷Щʿɫԥһ£㵱ûҹδ롣
ҹδҲܰЩװӶʿҲһ
̨ϡ
Ҳʶҹδ룬˵Դ󻪸صľʦʶҹδ룬̨ȴкܶʦʶҹδ롣һʿнӹֽˣƷ˾˾ضͥ
ضֽͥȡҹδķб¶һ˿Ц⣬Ȼ󵭵ؽݸԱߵķơ
ƽӹ˷ɨһۣб㲻̾Ϣһ
ҹδһǧѵһŰ
ôٶȣֱѾʷϵļ¼ؼǼƷ
۽ǵ⿴ضͥɫбʱЩơĵ³һֳź֮ɫ
ϧˣ
οϧضͥɫ΢
̾ϢһҹδľٸһЩͿԴ󻪲μĹˡ
ضͥɫһҲ̾Ϣһ
֪ҹδضһʦҲԲһһƷʦ
ʮһƷʦأ
Ϊʷ츳ķʦ磬ҲڶʮŴﵽһƷʦҴʱҲ㳡ϲμӴȡ
ضͥ̾Ϣԭ򣬱ǷеķʦƷ˾ķʦ
һȣضԶǷ˵ҲٴԾƷ˾֮ϡ
һòҹδ룬Ʒ˾źͷ˶һ൱Ǻ̫ˡҹδķͷܿͻᱻڸǣƷ˾Ҳܿͻᱻ˸ǡ
ĿͻȻһڹ㳡ϣһӰų˳硣
ܿ죡
ضͥһݣûҹδ룬ӵһʼ˳ضǵһġбһԵĶƣȻЦݡ
ͻȻһ
ܷŹκλᣬҹδһһϽԿԳһ¡
Щ٣ҹδ֮ԽһϽܴԭսⲻ㣬ûóԼȫ
ҹδϾЩƷЩҲҪһЩ
ҲҲһˡ
㳡ϡ
˳ڣҹδľ벻ϵҹδĿҲȥʶƷٶȴ˶٣ԼҲ˲֮һӵʱ䡣ҹδ벻ɵΪ֮Ĳ࣬ΪĿǣԷһʼûзȫҲǵԼϽ˷֮󣬶Էſʼȫ֮便ûв඼˵
ʱΧĹڣ̨ϵЩУҲĿͶ˶ˣΪܳ콾ײĻ𻨣


305 
Ҳʶҹδ룬ҹδһҹδҲʮֺ档Ϊܳ콾ʮ㻭һžƷܹﵽҹδٶȣ˵ҹδĻʮֵʵʵ˿ֲһʦ˭
ԣֱҹδ룬վҹδĶ棬Цҹδ빰ֵ
磡
ҹδоһǲʶ磬ȴ֡
˵Ӧ׹
츳ķ콾
ҲЦֻ񣺡ҹδ룡
۾һȻҲҹδ֡
ܸ˼㡣
Ҳǣ
ģ
ã
˱㲢վţ
ʱһȥʼһʦϽ߹ߵ˵ǰеΪеΪԱ˵߹߳˳ڣеȴǰҽܣҪ뵽˵̸УҹδҲų⣬ЩȴԼȻ岻죬Ǵ˵Ľ̸Уȴéٿ֮УнֳԾֱ𾴡
Լ֮һķʦϽ˷֮ڽ˷ҹδĸǰɫЩɥ
Բʦ
ҹδļֵĺܺá
Ȼ̧ͷ۾һ˿⡣ΧЩʦҲһĲ죬ٶȣ϶ǰһע̭ҹδ뻹
ֻһƷʦٶѾ˺ܶƷߵķʦҲض
ֳЦݣЦ˲ɢ¶˲õЦݣ
ʦҵ϶
߰ɣ
ҹδ˸ǣ߳˳ڣǹϣŲԶһȥڵǣΪ칦
ҹδ룬г˸м
ԴӸҹδ֮ҹδѧĶ̫ࡣ
ҹδ벻ǴķռǧĹУƷĸ棬Ȼ˱˲߱⡣
ɡ
ÿٴΣǧΣȻ֪ôͬã״̬ҲܹƷʦܺܶƷʦԭ
һƿ˰ţڴߣŹ㳡Ǳ죬תк£ȻƱ
Ϊǵĵһɱ
ҹδЦǺǶƱʹһ£һ
δ룬ҪˡЦе
ҹδ뷭һֻۣǵһʲô
ǣֵΪڵһһϽΪϽٶ̫ˣʷ϶ûôģ˼¼
ҲûʲôҹδֵֻЩʦûзˡ㲻Ϊμӿ˵Щʦǽʵɣ
˵ҲǣǸǿĶ֡
ˣǰһôܹѡͿʼڶҹδʵ
ˣҡҡͷÿ˵ķῴġ
Ŷ
ÿһŷֽ϶ɵʱ䣬Ȼд˹Աɵʱ˳򣬽ǰµǾ˵ķֱӾͻͽⷿû˻ȥȻٴѡŷУƷѡһšμӵڶ
ܿġ
Ĵȣһˡൽҹʱ֣ͻѡ糿񵥾ͻڹ㳡ϡ翪ʼڶ
ҹδ룬Ҳǡͷһ߳ţһ߿Ŵ㳡ϵĴȣһţʶķʦ˻ָҹδ뿴Ǹ˵ϡ
ǲһ˵һȣҹδƽص˽ͰؽԼ
ʮʮһա
ҹδûгţڴڼ䣬ҹδ뱻żˣʵƷ˾ʮµķʦżˣǲμӴȡȻ̭˵ˣҪȥֵˡ
ҹδ֪ԼضѡǰһҲûй㳡ڼ
οȻǰ㳡񣬺ܿͻҹδϰˣһǵһ
ѶûʲôϲŵҲûһ˿ϲȻҸø
硣
ҹδٴ㳡ʱϱĸ㳡ıѾȡˡֻһʦ㳡һװзʦ
ҹδһ㳡ûн뵽Ϳ˵Ŀⶼ۶˵纣˳
ҹδ밡
ԣǸȫ˷Ǹʦ
ֲƷٶô죬ҼǵôͰǴʦƷķɣ
ԣԱҹδڴǰĻһƷʦƷضǴʦ


306 
˻ʮĴʦƷٶҲ̫ˣȻΣһӦǵһɣ
ǿ϶ǰһʦһžƷƷ϶û˵ұȵľٶȣٶ죬ȻǵһڶͲ˵ˡ´ҶһɾرǷ˵ķʦ
ô˵
ûƷ˾˾ضͥҹδʷܳ콾
ʷܳ콾Ƿ˵𣿡
չ˾Ļ˵Ϊ֮ǰҹδûҹδˣʷܳ콾ҹδ룬ҲֻƷ˾ܹ־콾
˻ô˵˵ķʦһҪȫˣѾϵƷ˾ͷ֮ˡ
ǵȻҴҵĹעҹδ硣콾֮
ˣ
ÿˣ
İᣬ޵ʦͽˡ˾ῴҹδ߽
ҹδˣʦ˵ҹδһ˭Ӯ
˵
ʦеһ䰲ӦӮɣһƷʦҹδ벻һƷʦɣ
ǵܣ޵еΪʲôᱻΪʷܳ콾Ϊʷ¼ڶʮΪһƷʦ֮ǰʷһƷʦҲǶʮꡣҹδŶʮ꣬һƷʦ
ǣ㲻ҪˣֻǻһŰƷʦƷķֻȵľǻƷϵ󡣡
Ӷˡ
ʱڹ㳡ϣҲҹδ˭ӮһȻбΪһЩһƷʦ¶ܹӮҹδ롣ҹδ˵ڶˣǰʮ¶ȥ
Ҫ֪ʤһˣųɶǴʦˡЩ󲿷ֵķʦѾ̭ˡ
һƷʦҲҪһٸ
̨ϡ
ڣȻƷ˾ҹδ֣⣬ҹδı֣ȷʵƷ˾


֮ǰƷ˾ҹδΪ棬Ʒ˾룬Ÿס˷˵ƣ˸նЩˣʱزȡжƷ˾ԿΪ˵ȴһֱûг֡
Ϊʲô
Ϊаڷϣ÷۷壬Ʒ˾ڽŵ¡ùض֪ͥƷ˾ôڣ˾Ƿˣϴλòɶҡ
ϣؽŹʣΪĹҫ۵ķǡ
ضͥһڣȴ̾Ϣ
ٸҹδ뼸ʱ䣬˵ҹδܹڷϺһ
ڡ
һͻᱻߡ
ҹδܹټּ֡
ټһҲðҲܹƷ˾ٲһ¾֡
ˣ
ҹδѾƷ˾̫ľϲˣҪ̫ࡣ
΢΢ҡҡͷҹδûжġ
Ȼҹδڵһʷ¼ֻ͵ȼľƷⳡǰƷѶˣҹδ϶ٶɣһ
Ŀ˹㳡ϵ磬ֲ̾һ
ƽɫȴܹһ˫峺˫У档
Ҫˣ
˽
ˡ
Ѿж꣬ûпˣ
ǰ֮ǰÿμһģ뵽Ĺȴû뵽ô硣
Ϊҹδʷ¼ǿֻǿ߲ܹ̼֮ǰ棬ûĶ֡
˵˭Ӯ
˵Ʒĵȼ̫ˣ콾Ѿʤѿ˭ǿ
ǰһĲλ̫ˡҲܹ˭Ļʵ
˵Ҳǣ
꣬ʼˣ

һ죬ȿʼ
ʣ˵ĿⶼҹδѲӡȻ˲ɷһ̫ˣϵһ𣬾Ȼ˺Ȼ
һʱһɣ
࣡
쿴硣
ҹδǵһ˻ǻһϢʱ䣬ҲԱǸʿոսʱдֽϣûаѷװֽǱߵҲƷ
ֻǿʼҹδһۣȻһųߣһ߻ϵ;Уиķʦ׷Ͻ
ˣ
һˣ
ˣвķʦˡ
̨ϵһڴУ϶ֳ֮ɫҪ̬ȡ
ҹδڰ;лϣųȥ
ҹʦһˣ
ҹδûǫ飬˵ʲôֻٶȿ죬δ㡣־磬ֻǻһŰƷϱضǼƷֳܹʤֻٶȡҹδֻЦЦû
̬ȼŭϽķ˵ķʦ


307 սⲪ
ڷˣһʦ䣬һʦ꣬ʦһĲءǿʱҹδ̬ȣǶĲءһںķʦЦһ
ٶȺҪ𣿷ʦҫҪ硣
ҹδͷǸʦһۣǸʦʾصҹδ롣һԵûɫƽʵϣĹ۵Ǹ˷ʦһΪҪģʦǱȷʦǿھǱȴʦǿٶһЩν߲Ҫġ
ҹδתͷһɫƽ¶˿˿֮ͬɫ磬ǰȴֳʱ⵹ǸʱɽĴսԼ켸ҹ߲ݵػ֮ɽ֮ϣ곱ĳбŸп
ʦں󷽻ͿˣķʦҪսġһ˿ʱ仭һŷҲܹһ߱Լһ
սսǸʦļ
ҹδȴᣬֻͷ󲽣ȥ
̨ϡ
һڴҹδıӰȴֳһ˿ο
ĳ֣Щи֪һ˿һֲĸоҲһӳ־õĴսĻҪˡǾóкƽ壬Ѿķ˶־
ʿԣںƽҲһֱڰɽˮԡĴְҵǧĺƽУѾ˻ˡѾ̫սΪһļְҵ
ηںıУһȶĻڡҪı䣬ͨıȵĹıʦ̬ȡ
ҹδֻǸһϲû뵽зʦԼ
ҹδȥıӰ˼
ʦ㣡֮ǰǸҹδķʦ߷߲ƽô
㲻ջ˼ɫҲ˵öԣǷʦҲҪսҪ֮ǰ󡣡
ΧһȴѾٲǰУսȡ
̨ϵĹضͥԺڷɿ˼ҹδ뾹Ȼϵʤһ˺ֶܶΡһԵĶЦˡΪս⡣
һֻˣȴûбս⡣ЦӯӯŹضͥ
ʲôֶθϽʹɣûлˣ
ضͥɫ΢΢Ҳս⡣Ҫû˽ģΪ֡
ķø߲㶼ʶ˱ֻߴսķ
ôδսʱƷ˾ͷ˭ΪͳΪھҪĿꡣ
һУҹδ벻ģҪľԼǿٶȸһЩ
ҹ
»ҹδվԺУе¡
ͻȻ
һҹδкһ»һɫƮҹδࡣ
飡
ҹδ̧ס˽趯ͬһ˿˿»
꽣
ˣ
ͣͣҹδü˼̾һеǱɫһ룬ͬǹ㣬ҹδڡ
ʮʮա
硣
ȵ
һƷʦƷķԭεıƴҶȤȴΪĿرǾƷ˾İ֣۶һ⣺
꣬ٸҹδʱ䣬ҹδľﵽһƷʦǧδ콾˭
һҾ¥㡣
˾ĿҹδıӰתıӰϣ
ʦ˵һ˭Ӯ
˵޵ҡͷƷʦƷķλ̫ˡҹδҲûӮϣǣһӮˣԺ󳡴ΣҹδͶûлˡ
һ
ٴ
ؿԶؿЦǺǵҹδӮ𣿡
㺬ЦⳡӮӮδѾҪˣΪѾӮˡ
ؿͷ˵ǡֻҪҹδӮ˵һѾӮˡϾ֮ǰҳϵһֱʸܾ콾šҹδӮһҲ㹻ˡ
һû棬ȫһַ̬ܵȡڶˣȴû˿ս⡣һ
սˣӿڵѾˣѾδ룬Ѿδ粢С
δѾ㹻ˣ
Ͳ뿴ҹδһֱʤȥ
Ȼ룡Ц˭֪δֻʱ⣬ֻּܹ⡣
Ҳһδ뻹ܹӮŷƷߣδǱȻġϾδľ粻硣
֣ôһ𿴴ˣ
εĴȻȤɣ
εĴҵȤҹδȴҵȤ
ֵ֣δ벻ҵſͣҵ£ѡӵȫɣҲκξҡ
ʲô


308 
ԥһ£ջǿڵ֣֪˼δḨ㣬һܴˡ
ԣô֪أȰ˵һ¡
ҡͷ
Ƿ飡
̾Ϣ

죬ж̸Ŀ˹㳡
ʱĹ㳡ϣֻʣ˾ǧʦ̭һǧ˵ĿⶼҹδѲӣ˶˱
ӮˣͻȻһĴֳ̨˲õЦݡؿϵЦͬá
ӢϽ˷Ѿٲ뿪ҹδıӰ³һֳһ˿ʡ
ҹδ뾶ֱ߳˳ڣǹ˷ܵӭ
ʦ
δ룡
̫ˣ
Ա˵ǹֻ˷ܣȴû̫𾪣ΪǷķʦͲͬˡ
ѹһ˵ûҹδѹ磬һѹ
Ҫ֪һԳȫˡѾֳŨŨĳݡ
ˣ
ҹδҲܸˣ֪Լڵʼ𽥺ʵˡ
֮ǰҲȵû۶֮ǰѾƷ˾ȵˣЩ飬ϾûӲĳ콾ȵкܶ෴Ե
˵ķʦͷǳزҹδ룬Ϊǵ硣
Ʒ˾УҲźܶķʦĴӵߡ
ѹƣҹδ𽥺ʵȵĻţǷû˳ΪĴӵߡƷ˾Ĵӵ߽٣Ĵӵߡ
ô˴֣һȥ
һһ䡣
̫ͼվ˴ǰڴֵҹδ롣
̫Ŀ˸âһԵļֵ̫ӵ£շ뷨ƻ÷ͷƵˡ
̫Ŀеâ˵ڷ뷨Ҫɱʱ
вμӷȵķʦˣʾԻᱩŭ飬סòģԶ֪жôֲ
Ȼڶ֡΢ЦҹδҲȵ𣬵ľ磬עĹȵġԣܿͻʧ縲ǡǸʱƲķˡ
Ǿ͵ʱ˵ɡ˵̫ӵɫЩÿŶôΣɶԹԶ֣ʲô취
΢΢ҡͷ̫ӵ£ɲţ콾Ѿ콾㲻ҲҪ
֪ǹҪĲǲҪ취
ǣ̫ӵ¡
ͬʱһٴߵطǸͷ겢ǺͷЦ
£뵽ҹδû뵽ô
طֳһ˿΢ЦΪܹȫˣô򵥣ȫз𣿡
⵹û˵ͷҡͷ£Ȥ
Ȥˣֹң
ҹδƿ˰ţӭĴָͺЦĶؿ
ҹδĿһȻؿʩ񣺡¡
ϲδ롣ЦǺǣڲ֪иı˶ҹδĳƺ
ҹδȻҲ⣬Цеҹδֵ˶ˡ
ҹδ뿴ӵļȿЦش磬Ǹոڸһ緹òã
⡭Ц˭㻭һŷõʱộ
ؿЦЦ価ؿƱΪδأ
أ˶˾ƱҹδҲ˾Ʊһ
δ룡ؿ˫ĿŹ⣺Ҳ۶ˣ˵㲻Ǵӵ۶׳ġڵ۶ɳģڵλԲ硣۶ҲԲҫ˫ҫ
ҹδֻЦЦ֪Լ飬Լڵ۶Ҳ˫ҫᲢۣΪԼ֮ǰһӣ޷ѧϰ
ҹδֻЦؿƵƵٱ˵һЩ۶Ȥ£ҹδ뵹ʮֻ֡˴ԼӺؿȡһҹδǰ
δ룬¡
ҹδȴǽ˻ȥ£һûнǰ壬أ
ؿĿ΢΢һ£Ȼջ˴Цáǰ壬ɲҵĺˡ
ҹδ֪Ѿǵˣˬͷƴǡ
ã
һؿƵƵʹȴװûпһֱϯɢ
ȴ֪ǻʱ򣬵۶ĸĳνƱá
ҹδעķʽˡ


309 ʤ
µעʽǹҹδġĵҹδܹȼÿһʶעʽҲ͵һƷʦķû˾ڽ뵽ʦһҹδ뻹ܹ硣ǾƷʦƷķҲûһΪҹδ뻹лʤ
ֻҪһƷʦƷķʾ֪ˡ
һʮ
ж಻ҹδ룿
Ȼҹδʤˡ
ʮʮա
硣
һ
ֺԶҲ˵ôֱض㣬ľһ
һϢϢϢӡһӡ
ܲסԹĿ⡣
ֱ֡Ӱ㣬δ벻ԸĻԺҪδһϯϣɾͲˡ
ؿһ㣬Ȼ֪֮ԣҲе
ҹδ콾

ؿҹδǿԳ콾ġʮĴʦٵ꣬䣬ҹδĳɾδؾͲ硣
콾ĲϲԼԺĺлһϣˡָ̧
Ȼ֪Ƿңҽܡ
ٺ١Ц
Һҹδ봦ûɲٱտڲˣԼ䡣
û⣡
ؿ㣬Щ飬أҧû⣡

ؿĿ˹㳡ʼˡ
Ȼ󡭡
ҹδֵһϽˡ
һտ˵Ʒʣ°ǧˡ
ʮʮա
硣
ǧ˲μӵ峡ȣݻһƷҹδ֮һҵʱϽǵһҹδʱɲһϢʱ䣬һϢʱ䣬·Ϊ֮䲻ܿԽĺ蹵
ʮʮա
硣
ǧ˲μӵȣȵǻһƷʦķҹδǵһϽѵʱɺ֮ǰĳûʲô
ʮʮա
硣
ǧ˲μӵ߳ȣȵǻһƷҹδǵһϽ֮˺䶯
䶯ǣķע˱仯֮ǰٿҹδĶķҲǽҹδʤĳһƷʦƷķǽڷ˱仯ķʼĴʦĶעˡ
Щķоҹδ룬ó˽ۡ
ҹδһƷʦпһƷʦΪһƷʦķ
ôҹδûпһƷʦ߸òΣ
˺ܶʦۺϷõĽǣܡ
Ϊڶʮʱ򣬲һƷʦҹδܹжһƷʦѾԽ˵硣
ҹδһ콾绹콾ķʦѾˣ㹻߿ҹδˡ
ԣǵע߲ζƷʦҹδһУʤ磬ʽһˡ
һˣ
ҪȵһƷʦķʻͣɼķҹδˡһƷʦĴѾˡ
һһ
ʮʮա
硣
ǧ˲μ˵ڰ˳ȣȵǻһŶƷҹδɵһɣɲ˽һϢʱ䡣
̨ϡ
ضͥ⼸һֱ洺硣
ҹδ̫ˣ
ʵû뵽ҹδôȻһֱȵڡһҹδˣҲӰҹδ콾Ʒ˾ƻᱻȫڸǡ
ʮ꣬ʦ˳սʤ콾磬Ѿ㹻ͷˣȫ˵ҹδֻʱ䣬ҹδʮ꣬ضᳬԽ硣
ϣҹδ벹ȫз飬Ǿ콾㲹ȫз
ȻҲ뵽һ㣬ЩΡ⼸죬˼Ʒ˾ûл֮
Ҳţ
Ѿҹδһ콾콾Ͼûгɳ˵Ͼв࣬ȵǰضǽȥġ
ˣƷ˾Ҳһʱûȵǰûҹδ룬Ʒ˾ٴҲ޷ڸҹδѡʵ˵ȴضõһԣƾǵƷ˾ͷ˴ƽ֡
ǣȵĹȵʱ򣬵ΪʱǸʱ˶ҹδ룬ضĹһ֦㣬Ҳضٴ˦Ʒ˾Ƕ
ҹδɵһϽ˷һ
ÿؿΪҹδȣֻǽãȴӲ֮£Ȼ˫ʵ࣬ؿȴҹδ뷴У̸
δ룡ؿ˾Ʊ۶ٰܹδȣ㹦û
ңûҹδ뾪ȵ
ԣؿƶصͷûʹֶ֪鷳£ԲͣΪ飬õ۶ң̶ƳٴȣⶼĹ͡


310 ʦ֮
ҹδȴҡͷȻЩãҲֻܹǷֻȴԤǸվϲߡ
Ŷδ㻹ϲߣؿ
ҹδ뿴һ۵ֺαװ֪شѾ˵˰ɣ
˵Ǵ󰡣
ؿӦ˹ǰЩ˵ܹһ󣬽۶Ը۶֮¡
ǡ
ؿֳЦû뵽δ⡣
һ˵⣡ҹδڰֵҺشġ
֪ǵ˼ؿֳΪ֮ɫҪͨȥ򸸻ʽ飬ǲܵġڲܡ
ΪΣ
Ͳؿ΢΢ҡͷˣ˾Щʦľ磬ԲҼܹҲҪʯάִ󡣵۹Ĳ𡣡
ҹδ뿴㣬ҲһȻ֮ɫɵô
ؿЦá
δ룬ֲǲ֪۶жôһ۶ȫһڣһ£ÿҪʯά֣
ҲûлᣡؿڵҺ͸˵ˣ˵Ѿˣӹٵ۶ʱ򣬸ʻ͵¡ӦĻȻû⣬ҵҲضṩһЩʯ
ҹδ΢΢һüͷΪžԭ򣬶ڵûʲôӡΪδػʧԼ棬Ϊ󻪵۶һ󣬶һԴԴϵıڵʯ
ʮʮա
硣
ǧ˲μӵĵھųȣȵǻһһƷʦķҹδԽһϢʱ࣬Ӯ硣
ʮʮա
һ磬ǰۿ˾͸ˣΪһҪʦķҹδĿˡ
һμӴȵֻʣǧ˷ʦǧŰپʮ˸ʦˣ̨ϵĴУǹۿĹڣ˵ĿⶼҹδϡҲ˶־
ʦ磡
Լ
ҾͲţҹδ뻭ʦʱ򣬻ô죡
Ȼ
֮ҹδ֮һӵʱңûϽⲻ֧ĹһϲҲ̨ϵĶֳһ˿͸˵ɫضֳͥһ˿Σҹδܹʤ˳Ѿ漣ˡ
ţ
ԣ
ҹδûɷҲûа
⡭ֵڴ
ضͥɫһ࣬ĿƵҹδϣ漴ֳϲ֮ɫΪҹδɷˡ
ৣ
ĿͬһתƵϡ
ûɣ
ڻ
Ȼ󡭡
ضͥɫ΢䣬Ҳɷˣǽ󣬺ҹδʱϵĲӽһϢС˰Ϣҵʱ䡣
һӦþӮˣ
ضͥЩźԳһЦԼ̫̰ˡҹδƷܹڴʦĴӮһѾ㹻˸ˡ
ԺпʼôһҹδʤһƷ˾ֻнҹδƣƷ˾ܹδһ֦ʱ˲Ŀռ䣬һӵ䵽ף÷ȫѹǡ
۽ǵ⿴һ۶ƣ۽е𾪸ոɢȥһ˿ϲá
ʲô׵ģ
ҹδٴλʤڴʦö𾪣󿴵ٶȣҲ϶һضʤβϲ
ҹδϹأȥһؿСһ
һ䣬˷񣺡û뵽ҹδ뾹ȻڴʦܹӮһ
ֳ̫һ˿ЦݵҲ֣ҹδڷʦľ磬̫ʵˣûھƷʦһӵ̫ࡣ
ֻ֣ҹδ뾿˶ٷܹʵ˳̶ȣ΢΢üͷ
ǵĵ飬ҹδڣҲʱ䣬ʱ䣬ʦѾҲΪʲôʵ
㲻Ҳûе촦𣿡̫ӵ˵
ǣҹδĵϸѾ÷ǳΨһհ׾뵽ɽһʱ䡣ѵһʱ䣬õʲôԵ
ҲԲȫ̫ҡҡͷҹδճ̫ʱ򣬾ܹ޸ڣѾ֤ڷϵľ츳ˣڷɽûҲƽ֮
Ҳһηõĥڱ˻ʮΣ߰ٴأ
ͬˣʮ꣬콾һꡣ
ҲĽ֮ɫŰɣ
̫վҹδһɣ


311 ߶
ǣҲվ
ȥףһ£̫һһ˵öʵרǰ
һ䣬طҲվΣȥףҹδ롣
ǲЩ磿ûнǰء췢
ط淭һۣ㻹Ϊҹδܹǰ壿һӮˣ˽죬ûлףصȥҹδˡ
Ҳǣ
ҹδں㣬ؿ̸Цȥţɫһæʩ
ݼ̫ӵ¡ֿط棬ּæʩ񣺡ݼߵ¡
̫ӻͷֳ׺͵ЦݣߣҲˡ
ط¶һ˿΢Цδ޸ҵ򱱽ȻҪء
ʱҹδҲӭǰ໥ʩȻ
ȻֻĸӺҹδ룬˾ûʸˣֻվĸӺҹδ
̫ȻȾٱδ룬ΪӮһأ
أ
˶˱ӣһ˸ơطؿؿЦеûоٱ˼²ȥ㣬ؿٱȻ֮ǰѾعˡؿѾعˣԲ˵˾Ʊ
δ룬㿭룡
Ҳ˱ӣ̫һ˿ɫа˵Ǿ˵ĸֱƢԣȴ˽ƻһ㿭ҹδ벻ܾܾȻҹδٱЦ
лߵԡ
̫˲俪ڣδ룬һ㿭ɣ
ҹδ뵱Ȼܽ⣬۶֮ʱڴϺ̫ӷ֮£̫ȲˣҹδȻίԼ̫ºͣϽύǷܣҲܱ¶ܾ֮ɫЦͷ
δҡ
ؿɫ䣬ЦӯӯֻѾˡ
߶ˣ
Ҷʵľߣ
ҹδֵþ
ֵ̫ˣ
ؿԺпٵҹδϡ
ʮ꣬ʦȫ˷ݼʿ㲻ʿжȴҲʿס֡
ȫ
ˣ̫оԡ
ȫʹ죬֮ʣԤֶΣѾǻݼʿ塣
󻪷Ѿʤʮʮĺ̫ˣΪÿһѹ˴콾硣
ڵҹδ룬νҪ˶ãͻᴫ󻪵ĸ䣬򣬱Ͻ
ˣؽΪģΧܣγһ
ҹδ룬һ
ǡ
ҹδҲǻְ
˼췹ˣҲ̽Σҹδ붼ʾԼֻҪרҲؿûֱԭһֱܾҲûءֱԣϣ
̫ӺҲˣԼҪ
ԥУľ硣
ҹδһ˻ص˽ֱҹδĶԺ£ֱԵ
δ룬Ҳ𣿡
ţҹδͷ
ѡ𣿡
ҹδһֲۣǲ֪ҵľ
֪ɫࣺûһֱܾ᲻ĳЩ˵ı
δ룬ܴϻۣûо顣
˵һһٵǳпᡣĳЩ˵УһӹҲͰˣô㡣
һ콾һʹδһɲɺӵ
ôò㣬Ͳ㣬ñҲò
ҹδ΢΢ͷ˼˵̫ӣ
ԭ͵̫ӣҪ̫һ㣬ֺ߻Ϊ֡ǻῴ㱻̫ԣȥǣΪֻ㿪󣬱շĿʼ
ҹδĬȻƬ̵Ŀǰ̫ӲᣬҲҡ
ǣͷڴڼ䣬̫ȻҲ㣬ӭʵıŭǴ֮أ
ֽǿʱҲͱòҪˣϾ㻹ûгɳûгɳҲô¶
Ҫʱ䣬ɳʱ䣡
ǰɳʱ䰡
ҹδ̾Ϣһ˳Ĭ죬ҹδ뿪ڵлشѡ
ڰ֣ȴû˵ϴһ˿ȻΪԼѾѰҹδˣ̶ȣΪҹδڷ絲꣬ҲЩδˡ
ش磬ʱ䣬һǽڴϰɣġ
ҲãϼЦݣδ룬ģڣ˭Ҫ㣬Ҫȹء
лл
ڰ֣վȥҹδ뽫͵˴ſڣԶ˷䡣
һӰͻأسߣ£㵲ס𣿡
㿴һ壬̾ϢһסҲҪδҵѡ
˵ּѣҲ֪ҵѲࡣ
ǣɫأ̫ӡ


312 ž
ֹס壺壬Ҫ˵ҶҲ̫ӣҲǶֺߡǸλӣΪ¼ҹˡҺǵͬǲںκˣǸǵˣֻҪΪνĴ֣ǶԥǸˡ
ס˽Ųֱ壺ǣҲǹ¼ҹˣ
ʮ¶ʮա
硣
ǹ⻤ҹδ㳡ȥ
δ룬½ֶ˲μӴȣǹ
Ӧǧ𣿡
ֻһǧǹһָ
Ϊˣ
ǹ⿪ĵȥˣҲôֻһǧˣһ¡ԭܹƷʦˣֻһǧʮĸ˶ǴʦȻͱ̭ˡ
ȻøɴһǶʮĸҲ̭ˡ
ҹδˣһҲȻ
󻪵ĴʦǺܶ࣬ʮµĴʦͲˣܹһǧʮĸʮµĴʦѾܶˡ
˵һǧʮĸʦδĳɾ;Բ͡
߽ټֻһǧʦȻԵЩ塣
ҹδĵ˵Ŀ⣬Щ˵ķʦʱҹδĿȻŵ⣬Ҳ͸¶һ˿𾴡
ҹδɨһۣ㿴һϰڷԼƣ˹ȥžԼλһЦҲЦûжҹδ棬һӮˡĿȴԼš
˶û˵λϡ

죬еķʦ̶ÿ˵Ķǳ죬ʱ䣬Ϊÿ˶֪ĶǴʦǸֻ֣һ˿ʱ䣬¾ͻᱻ̭
̨ϡ
ضͥҹδ룬ƽ硣
ضͥţҹδ֮ӦļƻƻѾͲƷ˾߲о˰ҹŻʲô©
ţʤ֮ӦļƻͬҹҲͷ˸߲оһļƻڲȱ©
ǡ
ͻȻŤתԭǹضͥҹδ˷ʣ˻Ȼתͷ硣Ϊתͷ̫٣Ȼþ׵ҵʹ˲ЩǾ𣬷ЦݣЦͬճһ㣬˲ϲ˲á
ҹδӮˣ
Ӯʮһ
Ȼҹҹļƻˣ޲öᡣתͷһ𾪣ʧĶƣõص˵
ҹҹ˰ɣҹڼƻʤ֮÷ɣʧ˰ɣ
ƱսͣΪҧ
ڳϲԣضͥҪЦЦһӣ
˷ʣ̲ס𾪡ҹδϢʱ䡣
ͬʱ
һڡ
̫ؿطжһ˿㵡
û뵽ҹδһӮ磬ؼǣɱ˰ϢĲࡣ
˵ʲô
˵һҲδܹӮ
ʮ¶ʮһա
硣
ʮȣǻһƷʦһɹ߰ٶʮˣǳûȥǶʮˣ߰˽
̤̤̤
ٵڳĹٵ𣬾ŻаףžͷǣŶӽ뵽۶
Ŵ磬۶ôҹδ룿һ°ȹķõʵ
Ҳ֪žҡͷδһʦҸʦһ¡ȥ׸Ǳߴһ¡
Ŵ磬ڱȥɡ
Ҳã鷳ˡ
úһۣܴȴûзһʦȻ
Ŵ磬ʦ㳡Ǳ߰ɣ
ԣǷʦȣǿȥ
˷㳡ȥ
ҹδʱѾϽ˷߳˹㳡һȥ뵽һĸӶվҹδ˴Ĵָ
ĸӣʱֱ̬ˡ
طԵҹδ뿭Ҹͷҹδ׽вΪҹδٴλʤ̫Ӻؿˡ
Ҳû뵽ҹδٴλʤ
ؼǿˣҹδŰϢҵʱࡣ
ζʲô
ζһҹδŻʤĻᣬһܴ
ˣϯ件ЦոǢ
¥⡣
žͷѾ㳡ΧĿȥȺᰵ֣Ϊžĸߴȥֻ߰ˣžһĿȻֳʧ֮ɫ
ûУ
õûʲôҲ˵ˣδֻжʮ꣬ûҲ֣ȥһ¡


313 
ĿһתбһʦλֳСһѯ
Ƿʦתͷã۾һЦк£ʡ
Ǳ鴤һ£ǱЦݵһҲǷʦ۶ģҹδ룬ֳ֪˵
Ƿʦ㳤ͣһ𾪵ŷã÷裬ѵŴҹδ룿
Ҳҹδ붯ˣ
У
ҵúŴ뿪ӳ顣
תߣһǸʦ
ãղ˵Ļģ
磬ߣžߣžĸ첲Ҫ뿪ȴûɼ
Ŵ磡
ž˷ŷúǸʦĶԻҿǸʦ֪ҹδ룬ο뿪
ǸʦЦλֵܣǸոս۶ȷʵҹδġ
Ǹʦžͷõĸǰˣʱܹҹʦˡ
žһμӴˣ
ȻǷʦĴָμˣһ˵һϽһӮʮ
ô˵δ컹μӴȣ
ⲻϻ𣿡ǸʦһۣҺ˵
Ǹʦϲؿʼҹδ¼žͷ
øɵ¶
ȷⲻǴ棿
һȴǰҹδμӴȣԼͿԼˡʱ뿪㳡ȥѰҿջʱ򣬻Щʧ
ԼԽԽˣ
ԺУҹδ뻹ǰǸСģ
Ŵ磡
ԱüٵȻоһѣ̧ͷʮƥӶ汼۶Ϊ׵һƥѾܽˣڷһѣΪӦҲ죬ʱһߡ
͡
ƿյХһƥϣһװһž˹ﻹֵġ
У۾
飡
ž䱾ܵһ֣㽫ץסԼͨݣ㼱æ֡
ˣ
ǻµƥڱۣžôһץסޣȻž估ʱ֣෴ȴûзĻ꣬ϵǻҲһΪڰšȣȻصʱЩǱ˫أûˤʺ
ɫʱͨ죬ҧȵҴ򣡡
ԭǵӣŰ裬ʱžһ糾İף͸ɵرžͷá
žӣĲע⡣ʮѾȦ˹еĵնһɱ֣˼ǵ
žһߵֵһߺȵɱˣ𣿡
ǻ겻м۶ү˵Ļ
ҹδ㲢Уǹ˺档Ǵһ󷵻ؽ㿴һǰ棬Ȼӵҡҡͷ
ͨ¡
ͨҹδ룺йĸ磿
˭ӲмŻʺƣڵ۶޶ᡣ
û˹ܣ
³һҲɵӣҲǲ𣬻߻һɧˡڵ۶ǲж٣û
ǵ𣿡
㿴ҹδһۣܣ
ܲǵɱ˰ɣ
ֳһ˿ΣҲǣҲҡ
㶼£Ű
һ˵ţһǰߣҹδɫȻһ䣬оһ
磡
ȻʱžӣƺҲһЩݣҹδ뻹˳һ뵽žڱͨЩҲǱȻˡ
δ룡㿴ҹδ뷢վỽ
ҹδоԼʹܹԼĴһֱڵֵûл֡Ǳͨݣҡ
۶ضѰԼҲǴ粻ҵԭ֮һԼ

ҹδ³һǰȥ
δ롭һץסҹδֱۡ
ҹδת㣺
˵ˣҲ
ǾͲҪҡ
ҹδһֱۣ֣ͨȥ
ҹδ㽻̸ʱ䣬ͨڲͣһֱվߵĻȥǸһȥ㳹ѹž䡣žĿһ䣬оѹǸ˾ȻһԪ磬һΧʮ˰æֻ˲䣬žֱһ˺ۡ
ͨһֱ¶ϲɫŵغҴ򣬴ӵ⡣
ϣ


314 
žڱˣȻ㲻ǾɱһѪ·뿪ֻּԼˡ
飡

һ죬һͨĲҽУڽֵ˫һ٣ҪƴžҲǱȥ
ͨѾ˵ϣվһŮӣһֻŲͨĺϡ
ǸԪҹδĽŲһ٣Ϊϳҹδ롣
ڵҹδ롭
ǲ
ʤʮ¡˭ҵ˺һڴȵķʦ
ͨҲ
˭˭Ҵңµͨ˻ߣ𣿻ң
ǸԪʿһҹδ빰ֵ
ҹʦҼҹӲûеɣ
δ롭žлһֳ֮ɫɫһ䣬˳߸
ҹδžʹһȻ󿪿ڵ·ƽ˲ҿߣ𣿡
仰Χ˿Щˡ
Ҫ֪Ŀǻʺֶͨ˵ĿⲻɶҹδϡžʹһȻȥܿʧȺС
Ҳû˿žߣǴʱ˭עž䰡
̤̤̤
ŲĿһɫֲһ㡣Ȼ֪ҹδһġ
ʱ򣬱ڵϵͨҲˣԵҹδ㡣
ô㣬һʴ֮λûʲôȨƣֻһӡǵʺֶӣҵλࡣ
Ҳǲô£Ը
Ǹҹδ룬ڲǴ֮ڣоŪһҹδ룬ҲСָͷһ¡ƫƫǴ֮ڣҹδʤʮʱҹδԣأ
һ£ейˣɫغ
㣬ҹδ룬Ҫʲô
ҹδ뿴žѾʧӰƿ˲ͨĽšͨӵҹδ
ҹδ룬޹ʴңͲ𣿡
ۡ
ҹδʵ̲סˡͨһǵͨ죬ָָҹδ
ãܺãתͷŸϹĳվʲôûӱˣץ
طһۣһϲҲǲ뿪ˡ
һǵʺֶӣһǵӺ¡ҹδ롣
ⲻΪЩ
Ųԣ
ͨŭˣʶǸƫһĶԼͬˣʱȻװơ
ŲֳΣĵﲻͨĥĥشӶ˳ҹδ빰ֵ
ҹʦ۶֮ء
˽˶Թҹδ뵭˵
˽˶ԹŲһϲǳͲøˣֻҪҳǷС
Һʲô˽˶Թͨұģ˵îϣҺûꡣ
˵ֵһұضȥʺһ״
ɫһ䣬ȻҹδƵ˵ҵʯ
˵ͨˣ㶼һ㣬ͨ
ʧķˣˣʲôʱʯ
Ҵйʯҹδ뵭˵
ƨõģ
ҹδߵҺйǺĴṩġԭҪйȰӦҵʯԺҲա㣬˳һ٣д𣿡
ۡ
̲סЦҹδй飬Ȼûȥǵ۶߲㶼֪ô¶ҹδҲûıҪˣϽˣ˲֪
ǽڡ
Ǻýڰ
ͨˣлΪЩʯҹδķݣԼˡ±⣬ָ̧ҹδ룬ҹδ۾΢΢һе
ָңҾָ
ͨϽַ£ҹδãܺãû꣡
䣬תߡ
ҹδ붢ͨıӰһֱͨʧϵ֮ɫҲʧˣٲȥϡٴѹ
δ룬㲻Ϊʯɣ
ҹδ΢΢ҡͷȻǣʹӦЩʯйġ
죿
ش磬㻹ǲҪ֪ˡ
ͷѯԺҲϸϸ˼ͻȻһܹҹδ˱ܻģҲֻбͨžˡ
ѵǸ˱ž䣿
˲²⣬´¡֪ҹδ벻࣬ǣҹδǻۣᴦô¡
ƻ衣
ҹδڷڣŸոյһţŷģ˵һͯ͵ŷˡ


315 ҹ
ҹδһһ
´óȻǰҹ̽дǾסĿջһֱҹδ롣
ҹ
ҹδǹ⴩ҹݼҹδŲԶݼ֮ϵڰ֣Ȼ˱ʧҹɫ֮С
ݼ֮ϵ忴ҹδǹӰʧִ
ҹδ뽫ӿȻڼӽһֹһ·ҹδܿǵļӣǽӰʧҹɫ֮С
ջ
žͷԶûеơ˵ΪﵽĲΣڵķڣͰûʲô
ڰȻ뿪ҹδ֮󣬴һҹδڵ۶¼˻𾪲ѡ
գ
ϸСʯӴ˴ϵ˻Ȼվ˲˴ߣ򿪣㿴¥վˣȻҲ棬žһ۾ϳҹδǹˣ֡
ಡ
˺ذδУδ뵽ڣǹֽⷴȴϡ
磡
δ룡
ö˼໥ѱۣ죬žŽýܸҹδ룬ǹͷ໥ʶģĸ˾ڵķΧ
δ룬ҵأžֳ֮ɫȻֿһǹ⣬ŨŨĲ
ǹ⣬ôδȻܰأ
˵ɣ
ҹδɫȻһһϸؽԼ֪˵һ飬ڱóšõĵؿž䡣
磬ڲ飬ίºʹ׸ȥ顭
Ϣ𣿡ž侫һ
ûУҹδȻҡͷ
ּžҹδȿڣ磬ڵʲôΪʲôᱻͨ
žԱ̾Ϣһûеôá
žͽӵһֱȥ˱ѩɽϸ˵һ顣
žԣҹδĬˡ
ʵϣһֱûץž䣬ôž͵ĶԹҲǽˡžʦĵѾˡ
ҹδûôصҪڵޱҪҪġ
磬Ժ׼ô죿
žڽϻЩѵģһЩѲǼ˵Ϣ
磬㱩¶ݺΣա
ҵѶǸεգδ룬õġ
ʱĽ̫ͣˡ
žĬһײðա㣬׼һֱڵ۶
ܰɣҹδϢͨһЩ
žͷԺһôϵǣ
ãҹδͷҲ硣
ԼӺҹδǹٴͨ뿪žͷòվڴǰ
Ŵ磬ʲôʱ뿪
ȵȰɣҪδı
ĿѣʣҲ뿴û뵽۶һ꣬ʹټȼ硣
ʮ¶ʮա
硣
ȵʮһǻһƷʦķμӱֻ̭˶
ƷʦǴҶҹδĲ²⡣ڴҵУҹδӦһƷʦһƷʦ
ҹδһƷʦôⳡУٶȾӦò֮ǰôˣҲһҹδ֮ʱ
ǽʧˣҹδԽϢʱӮ硣ⲻ𾪣ǶҹδпƷʦ²⣬û뵽Ļˡ
̨ϵĶƶЩ˲סˡ
Ĵȣҹδ磬ҲȫѹƷ˾ˡ
ͽμӴȵٴʦСľҹδ룬ֻжʮꡣڶСľ磬ʮꡣʣµСҲжʮꡣ
ʮƷʦѾܹڸǷâġ
뵽Ĺ֮ǰûѹƷ˾ˡֻĹ϶ùڣܹѹҹδƷ˾
ʮ¶ʮա
硣
Ĵʦֻʣˡ˸߶𾪵鷢ˡ
ҹδɹػƷʦķҲҹδֶ˵һҹδʱϵĲˣȻֻ΢Сһ㣬ɽϢʱ󵽰Ϣһ㣬ζʲô
ζҹδܿƷʦ
ʮƷʦǲڶң
һ
ңĸӶʶȤûҹδ뾿ǼƷʦȻж棬ǸȴǳǸȻҹδû˵Ǳ㲻ʡ
浽ץ뿪һʱʵ
ʦ㾿ǼƷ
һԵǹҲ˶䣬ҹδЦ֮ϲֳʧ֮ɫ
ʱȺԶԶҹδķѹʵŴ磬֪δǼƷ𣿡
žдŸ֮ɫҡҡͷԼó˰


316 һƷ
ʮ¶ʮա
硣
ֻжʦˣҹδ뻭ʱӳˣҹδʱϵĲѾýһϢʱˣٴˡ
ҹδӳڳӰȴ棬һסҹδ
ߣ
ҹδɫһ㣬Ҳû˵ʲôӰһڣ֮Ӱ
ǣ
˾Ҫ㡣
ҹδһ㣬ȻӰֻ˵˾ûдգǾͿ϶ǹض֪ͥԼʲôվԱߵ
ȥش磬õˣʱֱӻظ
ǣӰʩ֮뿪
һȾǽһʱضͥ٣ҹδӰæվضֵͥ
Ҫ
ǹվҹδ󡣹ضͥҹδ룬ԽԽϲ
δ룬ھǼƷ
һʱҹδҲƲضͥĵľӦ
ҾǰӦû⡣
߱ˣԼѾǷˡֻǺǡڹضͥ˵Ѿ㹻ˣɷЦ
δ룬ֻҪǰ壬Ʒ˾һǧöҪַ롣Ц価ضͥһӳŵ
ҹδƲƲ죬һǧö
ҪҶõһأ
һֵضͥһ㡣
Ҳûпܣҹδ
žضͥһӣĿƣܹõһһö롣
ҹδŹضͥһ֣ҾŬ
ããضͥЦݵδ֮ͲҪһ¥޸ˣȥ¥޸ҡ
ҹδ۾һ¥޸ҿɶǴʦ޸ͬһ۸Ƿʦʮ
˾ҿֱǴʦˣÿˣ
ǲУضͥҡͷؾǹأڴȵʱֻǻһŷȻҶǴʦǿҪʮŴʦһŶУ㻹ҪһƷһƷĿ
аɡҹδЩȱȱ
ʮ¶ʮա
硣
ֻʣһٴʦҪȵƷʦķûκ⣬ҹδɶ˵һҺ֮ʱһϢ
ûкȻ˶һƬž¥ûˣΪÿжֳһ˼ͷ
ҹδ벻һƷʦɣ
ֳų˰գϱͬɽһ㣬֮ڵ۶С
ˡ
һ˼ڿ칫Ķƣ죬
Ǹҹδ벻һƷʦɣ
̧̾һգҲˣһܹƷʦķʵ˵ز᲻һƷʦ
ǡ硭
Ҫˣͷ䵽װٶ̾Ϣ
ǣ
֮ǰļƻòˣ粻Ҫ٣ȡĹ֮ǰͻƵڡ
ԣͻƵڣǷ˱һɨơ
һ޼뿪ڵδػɣһȣ˱ȶĿ𣿡
öƿڣձȶֻһأҹδ˵һǱȶһõһۺҹδǵһ
һֳȥ죬̾ϢһùضͥһˣҹδôͼƷ˾أ
ʮ¶ʮգҹδһһŶƷʦķ˵һ
ʱѾû˻ҹδһһƷʦˡûжܹһõһˡ
ʮ¶ʮգֻʮʦμӴȣǻһǧһһƷʦУѶǸεķ
һָʤʮʦȫ̭ʮʦųΣΪۺеһ
ҹδʱɽХĻ
ҹδ룡
ҹδ룡

ҲкǼҹδǣλʦҲû˺ȫ
վȺеǰ棬Žźʦʦ
ΧĽʵĿ⣬⡣
̨ϣض̸ͥЦ
һ
̫Ź㳡ϵĻƽĿ£ȴû뵽μ棬ȫûаѶԷ£ҹδȴڵ۶˿񳱡
ҹδضǰ壬󻪲μĹȡˣ֮ǰû˸Ҷҹδ롣
˭Ҷҹδ룬ضӭʵ۵ĿŭͳõŭҲ˵ҹδɲҲ֮ǰҹδΡ
һؿط棬΢ƽͣЩӶҹδ˽⣬ҹδҲ̫ܴӦʵܡ

־ţԼòҪٵⱻ˵õ
ҹδӦòͻƵڡ
ǿҪġ


317 ʧ
ɲô׹ģؼǣҹδ־콾ԲѡһͨĹͼضѡһĹͼȥ롣
ͼԽԽѡ
ܹҲܹɹģҲô١
Ҫ֪ڴ󻪣ԼĸʣÿһڶҪòԴοЩӣ
ֻҪҹδûдﵽ֮ǰͲĺ䶯һ콾ûгɳ콾ô¶
浱Ҳǳ
ƻͷ£ͶңҲˡܾҡ
̫΢΢ͷһ˿â
ʹ
¥
ʵַˣŹ㳡ϵҹδ磬ֳЦݣ
Ӵ󻪰û뵽ֶ֮һҹδ롣
ϴ£ʹ콾֣μæص
ūţɡ
ūŴӲѣ˵Ƿθ֮ԡ
ڰֵʲôϢ𣿡
ѩϽҲھзȣϢƺ
ţڷϣǿҲǿǴ󻪡õġ
ȻǴǿġ
ʲôϢ
ӣӣʥŮʥӷ׷׳ǵʵǳǿ˲塣һͬ㣬ѡ·ߣֱ۶
룬ȴɹȻЦˣջǻġ
˾ᣬ˾ᡭ޵пԼĵӣĿȻŴ⣬ȴʧ񣬲ɻ
ʦ
ôˣΪʧ񣿡
ʦ˵ʦûƷʦǶı̻ɷҲܹӵзܡ
ȷ˵ûԲ϶һҪڱϿ̻Է󡣵ǣ̻أ
޵гƬ̵뵽ˣʦο
˵ֳ̾һϹʱڣǶı޷ȽϣǴһȱΪϹʱڣơ
ƣ
ǣϹʱڣʦƾһ촸ƶڱϣǲڷƺƵһֵơ
ô˾оȡ
ʵϡ޵еֳһ˿ǵҪƺͷƻһ£ЩƺǿڱϵģǵֱӶڱϵģ˵Ǻͱԭһ壬ɵȻҪȷƺƻҪǿֻǡʧˣ
ǡҲ𣿡
һֱңȻʧˣǿԼٴҲоƺͷƵԭ´ǧԴȴһµġԣܷӷƺԭʦơ
˾۾

ʼˣ
㳡һеĿⶼڹ㳡ϵʮϣȻٻҹδϣϵĿⶼٵÿ
ҹδҲûùʧӵʱ䣬㻭˷ϽȻվԭصȴ
ĴʦֻʮˣԸͲҪȵ죬ܹгվҹδԱߵʿҹδķװǺʱֽȻС͵̨̨ϵڴзɿĴģԼʮϢ֮ҲϽ˷ȴڵ̾
뵱Ƿ˵Ľǵ۶ĽǴ󻪵ĽǵҹδʱҹδĲȴԽԽ
һƷʦķ֮ʱϵĲѾʮϢеķʦһ
˵ҹδĻҪ纻ʵ̫డ
ǲζţҹδ֮ǰͻƵڣ
ƫͷһ۲Զҹδ룬ֲֻճȭͷ
һ
һҪ֮ǰ
ͻƷڣ
ҹδܵĿ⣬ȴûȥ磬ֻ΢΢·붨һ㡣ȴ룬Ҷ˴ȵһƷ˾ӦøӹעҺҡƷ˾ĵλҲҽύ˾ΪѰҼˡ
Ҫ֪Ʒ˾ķʦǱ󻪣ֻԼļ˻ڴ󻪣ܹ˿
С
ҲԷͣڵ͵λͣضкܶ˻Ϊ⣬ֵʢʱڣͣɵӰ󻯣þҲ󻯡ֻҪ̸ζôȵһͱض̸ҵͣ˾ͻиΪѰҼˡ
ǣҲ䶯ܹӰ졣
ʲôأ
ʯһĺ䶯ǻ
ԼӺһȽˣǰʮҲ˳
һȻҹδ룬ڶ磬ʣµİҹδ벻ģҲġ


318 
εǹضͥǶƹһʱݡ
ʱ硣޸
ҹδ뿪ȴûȥһ󣬶ȥĸӲõˣǴǹҵӰ
Ҫ˾ӰЩʱҹδΪʲôҪȥ˾Ӧûȥú׼
ţҹδͷ
ӰҪ
ţҪ
һ
ã
Ӱ뿪ˣԼһӺӰˡ
ߣ
лл
л𣿡ӰҹδĹ۵бˣҹδеĵλˡ
ԣҹδһ绹ǿľ콾Ϊھû⣬Ϊû⣬ò˶ãͻҹδ־콾ķǶһΪڣǱķڡ
ҳΪڵʱ䲻̫ãҲʱ䣬Ǹʱҹδʵ͵λҪߣȻҪúýύ
ԣڵӰѾҹδ뵱ˣǵƽƽķڡ
Ȼԣҹδͷ˵ûҪͷ
ʲôͷͷģͬΪҪ໥
Ʒ˾˹ضͥķ⡣˴Լӵʱ䣬ضͥɺɺ򿪷ţд˽ʵ
δ룬£
ţ˾æ
˵ضͥĴһӣھƷ˾ıʲô¶ܿڡ
ҹδ뼱æʩл˾Ʒ˾ҼˡǶҵļˡ
ضͥɫƽȴǾһ
ضͥôܲҹδ룿
ˣҵʮϸȻ֪ҹδĴž䣬Ǹڱͨž䡣
ҹδƷ˾ž䣬һ鷳ʵ۶ǵҵž䣬Ǹҹδ룬Ǹߵ
ҪƷ˾ҵλ壬ҵĽȻܰԡ
Щضͥʵ
ţҹδӴȡһֽǵĻϡ

ضͥ͵͵һҲӦ˹žͨǣҹδ벻ûпôܻƷ˾ȥѰң
أ
ͷû⡣
Сҹδ뷢Ѱͣǲ֪ʲôܹͣһ䶯˾ָ𣿡
ضͥƬ̵Ҫڶõһ֮󣬹ͣ
ǣ
뷨ֻҪļ˻ڴ󻪣һᱻҳҼǲڴ󻪣лᱻҳ
Ҳôġ
ضͥЦǲ̫͹Լļֵˣ
ԼļֵҹδȻ
ԣ㷢ͺܼ򵥣ֻҪӦΪ͵ˣһΧڵķ

ضͥЦûв´ĻҵļˣҲǻͻƵڡˣǾܹõһڼķ
ڼķӦֵ֪ˡ
ҹδ˲ȻһڼķԻ֮͡
ңھһƷʦڱضͻƷڡǵȵ𡣡ضͥЦ
л˾
ҹδд󶨣ԼⷬͣӦñȴٺѰҵЧáҲ
вһĻ˵ˡ
飬ص˽ԼԺеȴҹδæʵ
δ룬зʲô飿
ҪƷ˾ѰҼˣ뷢һͣȥ˾
δ룬ˣ㼱硭
û˵Ҵ磡
³һǾͺãǾͺãˣ̫ǻΪҪԶء
˵ʲôˣ
û˵ʲôܹδ룬Ͳ·֮󣬱֮ҵļˣȻ
˼ЩҶôöûҼ˵Ϣ뼴Ҽ˻ţҲӦ÷ǳáܹɣӦ۶ҡ
ҹδ˴磬綼ܹԼǵȻҲܣȴûˣǳ˴⡣
ţ
磡
ͻȻ֮ǰ⼤ˣǰѵ쾭ܲغƱ͸ˡڴҲ䣬ԴҲнҡ
ţ
һ͸磬粻Ѿ뿪˰ɣ
δ룬δ룿
Ļҹδ˼ǺϢǻϢϢ˵һ¡
ҵļ˱̫ӣ߶£ߵ¿ƣʱ̸ˡ


319 
ĬȻ֪¶ҹδҪõġ¶
ԽԽˡ
ʮ¶ʮա
硣
ټֻʣʮˣ޸ʮ𻵳̶һģһķҶһƷʦķ
ҹδõһ˲䣬ԺзӦ޸
޸Ǹ޸
ʦķͼ䣬ȻԼѾˣǻûϽҲ˵˲ᡣ
Ǿ޸ɣ
ķ棬ҲҹδʦǿĲ̫࣬޸һ飬ǿ뵱ʱ⵹ʱɽ£޸켸ҹ˯ۻ˲Ϣ˯ҹ˯ʱ±Ƿ޸ķûࡣ
Ҫǣɽ޸ǿʱٶȣʱķʦƵ޸
޸Ǿǧģ
ԣ޸һȣ𾪡綼û޸һʱ޸ˡ
һ
Ҳ̫˰ɣؿ̲סȡ
㵭˵δڴʱɵľ޸顣
ؿһӣǿҲ̫˰ɣ
ЦЦֻ۽ǵһֱע̫Ӻߡ
طɫûһ˿仯ҹδ붼ܹ޺򱱽ٶҲûʲôþӦٶȣϾ콾ĸ֡Ͼҹδһֱɵľ޸
̫Ҳֻ΢΢һ£뷨طࡣ
硭㲻¶һ˿ЦӦǹİɣ
δɣ̫ʵؿط涼˶䡣
ţͷ
̾͸о˵ֳһ˿֮ɫҲûҹδΪʲôûйȻҲϸȥ˵ҹδ뷢͵ʱҲܹ
ˣ
ĸתſڣŲǰűƿҹδ˽
ϲĸӻͬʱص
л
ҹδҲЦݣƹѲ̫֮ӿڵ
ȵһķδõһӦûɣ
ҹδ룬ռڵ˲ٵķʵУûٶȿ϶Ȳ޸
治˵Ͼ޸ҵǿ
δ룡ؿڵҾδ֮󣬾ͲҪȥ޸ˣȥһʱ䣬ȫ淢չкôҷ޸ôæµ׬ʯȴ޸߳ܶ౶
ҹδĶˣؿֵл㡣
طʱҲڵδ룬ýƷ˾Ŷתһ飬ڲ֮кôеķ˵֮Ҫٽһȫһ⡣ȫ棬ڷƫ
ҹδٶȹ֣лߵ£
һʱҹδص˽ֿѹǹ
ȥҴ绹ڲڣڣҹҪȥһ档
ã
ҹ
ž䵥ڵĴš
ಡ
һӰᴳ룬ֽϣžĶ£Ӵָȡıдõ鼮žĶ棺
磬ıֱǵ쾭ܲأƱ䡣
ʲô
žѸٵץûп֪١ǿԪһµģֱܹٵġ
Ѹٵطһ飬ȷģ۾ֵ
δ룬õģ
ɽ
žˣвɸ̾Լããܺĵܽɽ֪Լȴõ
ĸԼ̫ҪˣԼڴѩɽѧҲֻѧһС֣˵ͽ׵Ĳ֣ĲԼΪߣ̻᲻ԼѧĹ
ԼѧǷп̵
˵ɲ̾ôаԸ޳ṩʿ
ؼǣڶԼЩĪѧͷѧʱ򣬶һΨԼȴǣһĸо
֪ṩĹȱ£Լԭ򡣲˶ǱֻԼԼԭһֱɣԼǷʺѧϰ
ȻԼѧϰٶȺܿ죬ȴѾƺҪȴıһЩı䡣һ棬ٵ̻᲻ᴫºһ棬ҲԽű䣬ҲԸĹҲĹʺԼأ
Լкͼռ䣡


320 ں
ҹδûдã뿪ˡ
ž˴̿ʼĶԼϤֻĶٶȺܿ죬̶ӵʱ䣬ĶϡѸٵؽ뵽ͼռ䡣
Ȼͼռڳ˸ںͼռڷ䣬ֱȫ뿪˺ͼռ䣬̱㿪ʼĵ쾭
̶֮ٴν뵽ͼռ䡣
ţ
һֺͼռڲûгָĵ쾭䣬ϷĻĻϣһ忪ʼѸٵس֣žؿţȵһ֣ž˳˼
ⲻǵ쾭
ƪУ˵쾭Ӱӡ
Ȼһ
ں˵쾭
ǰδѧϰʱҲûмͼռ佫Ǭһںϡ
ԣ
ΪǬһԵȡ
С
͵쾭ͬԴǴǳݻģԲܹںϡ
žͬһ̫ˡ

У
Ҫԣ
ž˺ͼռ䣬ѸٵؿʼķܲأȻٴν뵽ͼռ䣬εȴʱ䳤һЩԽžԽ˷ܡ
֤ͼռں䣬ĹںȻҪѾһЩ
ͼռûʱž俪ʼԼ˰˰ٶĻٴδһ֡
žһĶţһһ߿ܵš
Ȼ
Ȼˣ
Ӱӣе쾭ͷܲصӰӡ
žٴγ˺ͼռ䣬һƱ俴һ飬Ȼ뵽ͼռ䣬ںͼռڣıںϵһı䣬ȫ֮󣬱ںͼռճ
֮ž˺ͼռ䡣ϥ˴ϣʼں֮Ĺ

תͬӣԼѨٴαչˣٴαؿˣҲٴοˡ
Լԭ˻Ͽɡ
Ҳ˵žΪȻ磬ȴ֮ǰԼǿһ롣Ҫ֪֮ǰĿǶԭǽԼѨϺ;ȵؿһ˰뱶ûˣһ
䡭
𶯣žͻƵ硣
³һžֳϲ΢΢üͷ
ԼӦûôãоԼ֮ǰûôáڵʱҲǬһͻƵٶô
ԣ
Ҳ˵Ӧ׼ٶȣ˵׼ٶ΢һЩûôš
ȻŹԭҲǿŵɡ

ֱںϵһ𣬾Ӧǻԭǳ˰ɣ
֮Խǳݻĸ䣬ΪǳʿҪ̫ߣܹ̫٣ʱƣ㼸ûܹǳˡ
žԼ֪֮Լ콾ܹǳ
ԼʲôʱоԼ˱仯أ
ž俪ʼϸϸݣ֮üëһˣԼʦʬ֮;еĵһͷԼٶˣԽٶԽ졣
Ϊλˣ
žһֱ뵽ҲûףҡҡͷվȡֽţʼںϺĹֽд
ʮ¶ʮա
硣
㳡ֻʮˣδȵһ
ʱ˵Ѿ֪ҹδض뵽ǰˡΪڷ޸УҹδʼյһʼյڶΣֻҪݲ̫磬ǰȫû⡣
ǹĵûлһεһ
仯Χ۵ˣӴеƽ񶼸о˼顣
ڴ֮ǰǸȤĶûܹ΢սһ硣Ȥǣҹδּܹȴȫ˹
һҹδ֮Ĳû޸ôˣõһҹδ롣
˵̾Ϣϵһγ
˿һлӮһһˣһˣȫûлᡣ
ȫ˷Ͱľҹδ룬⻹ôȣ
ʵҲǰģʮʮһ磬ҹδֻ磬εͷ
ʮʮһա
ȵһ֡
ȶ
㳡̨̨ͬʱȶÿ˶ҪųܻųΡ
ҹδһֵĶҲһŮӣ˸վ̨һˣڸԵǰڷһӣϰڷһֽзīͷʡ
һ
ĸӲŴ


321 һ
δʤ𣿡̫Ŀ̨ϵҹδʵ
㲻΢΢üͷ˼治֪ҹδ᲻ӮΪûмҹδս㲻̫ʵ
ߣ˵أ̿ǿҹδӦԣ
طŵʦսʽֲǲ֪Ȼȷٿǽ

һ죬̨ϵʮʦͬʱ
ÿһʦٶʣպīʼѸٵػ
Ǹϡ
ʵ̨ϵҹδ֣ΣҹδӭУ
֣ѸٿڵȻȻһŷڲ֮أȻٹ۲ԷͷŵʲôѡƷĹ
ǰ˵ҹδҲˡ˵
ҹδѡ񣬲Żѣ
Ȼǽ˫ַˣĿƵΪƷٶȿ죬Ķֲ֮ʱֻûл
δ䣬̨ϵҹδʼһһŷŶ漤ȥ
䡭
һڶǸʦϡ
׷
Ǹʦһƨ˵ϣð̣ӵȴֳм֮ɫ֪ҹδ뻭һ׷ˣҹδľ磬ȻǿԻһŴ׷һŴ׷ܹˡ
̨ϵЦô
֣ʥ
̨֮ϣŮҹδ빰ʩ񣺡л顣
߷飬ĸ̨ϵİ˸ʦ̾ϢһʱǶҹδ˵ĻʦҪμսģƷٶȿмȱһҲԼһ
ڵ״Ǹ޷ҹδΪУҹδٶ̫ˡ
һա
ҹδֻôһµİ˳ÿֶ䣬Ҳ⡣ƫҹδһ£˳Ÿ
ô󻪷ȵһȻҪףҹδҲһ֪ٵԼǰȫģԸԼ죬ȻǻӴ£ȣȴҺԼ
а˸µʱ䣬ϣԼܹɳԱĳ̶ȡ
ҹδϥڴϣüͷ
ڸ涼ƿ
ʦ棬Ҫﵽ߶أһˮĥ򣬼ʮ꣬ϰ궼пܡΪܹٽһĻҲǶҡһ߶ؾͻʮϰ꣬ô˶Ͱأ
Ԫˣ
ȻܹﵽԪľ磬Ԫͻﵽꡣ
ǡ
Ϊ˰
ôһֱֻҪؿͲΪȻҲͲԪԪ޷ȴԼľߵŶ;أȻϸһѭ

ҹδ벻̾Ϣһ˽Ųܼҽһţ
ҹʦţ
ҵţ
ţһСġ
ҹδ˲֪ԼĴţл֮󣬽ӹšܼ뿪ŷ⣬ֻһŰֽȴ֪ǴҪԼһ档
ҹ
ҹδٴžĿջֻˡ
ž佫һֽҹδǰδ룬Ĵ󹦷ں֮ĹҲ֪Ƿǳȴȵһǿܶࡣ
ҹδ۾һǵֽԽԽþûʴôὫĴ󹦷ںϣÿ˶ܡ粻˵㲻ʡ
δ룬ҾҪ뿪ˣԼء
磬Ҳأ
ҹδص˽Щءλ壬㣬ĸûϢȥضҲѰҼˣԴ类ͨݣضʮΣա

ҹδ̾ϢһٴȡһֽĶԼʱҹδǵֽϥڴϣںϺĹʼ
תһ˲䣬ɢȥü両ֳϲá
ںϺĹɲƿڵȴѾܹƿؾųҡֻںϺĹûмҹδǱһϿںϺĹѾʮֽӽԭǳˡ
ûдﵽԭǳҹδ룬Ʋ⡣
ķӪܸԴǳһֹǼǳڻĹУضƫԭǳķԲں֮Ҳԭһ㡣
Ѿҹδʮ־ϲˣ
羿ôģ
΢΢ҡҡͷͷ˦ҹδٴοʼںϺĹȴԼǱļɡ
Ȼƿأҹδ뿪ʼѨ


322 ˾
һһա

ҹδȥƷ˾·ϣǹⲻʱؿҹδһۣоҹδܺá
Ϊôȵһ
ǹòǣΪϣҲûмôˡ
ҹδǳˣϲõ鶼ЩסڴͨƢһѨϣΪʿǽѨչ֮ǰϵĳ̶һģһҲ˵ںϵı书Ȼûдﵽǳˮ׼ǼԼǱɣܹﵽǳˮ׼Ϳһ·Ԫ硣
Ԫ֮ǲǻûдﵽԪ
룬ܻа취
ͻƵԪ磬Ԫࡣ
ԶԶر㿴Ʒ˾ǰۼźܶˡ֪˭ҹδ룬һ
ҹʦˣ

һȺ˱ҹδΧ˹ࡣ
ҹʦҵļˣĻ̻һ𣿡
ҹδȻ֪Լί˾ѾˣĿƷ˾ȥƷ˾ߴǽϣʱżƪ޴ֽšÿһֽ϶һФ񣬻ϸϽܣλ壬ж㣬ĸ硣ջĿ⣬ΧΧҲżֽǼֽϣСФϡ
Ʒ˾ܾ
ҹδжԹضͥмϣܹõ壬ĸϢסе˼Χ˹ֵ
·ͣ͸λˡģ˭ҵ˼ˣҶΪǸһΧڵķ
ʱ𣿡ʵ¸°ҵļˣȴһҿԵ𣿡
ҹδ붴Ϥ˶Է˼ЦŵͻƵ֮һڼķɣ
Щ˼ȴ˵ͷ
ȻԣֻҪõͣһͣɡҿǹĵġ
ǱģһܹΪڵģҼǸʱղԶ
Ǿͽ㼪ˣ
ҹʦ˺ҵһ˾ͿԵõͣǵҵˣ
һˣһͣҹδ̵
˲һɧĻͶ˺ܶడ
ҹδְ˼ΣȻǹı£߽Ʒ˾
ûȥ޸ֱ˲Ϊ³һ죬ǿ˷ʦӡȻҪȥ´ʦĻ¡
Ȼֻǲһʱ䣬ҹδʹӿ˲˳ǰĻѾľƱƻ£һ֣ҹδǾƷʦ
δ룬ȥĶ绹жʱ䡣ǹʵ
ȥ޸ɣҹδ
˾Ӧ޸㣬ɶǴʦ޸ȷʦʮˣҲҪʯԣҪȥҲܲܽ͵¥
ҹʦո̤޸Ĵ̨ףһ߸Ůվ޸ǰ󱳿ſϣһֺƣ̬Ҳ͸¶˿˿
ԺǾǺˡ

ҹδɫһ㣬ڵҹδѾһˣǶ濿ſϵŮӸҹδĸоһ׾ˡ
ǸŮӴӱſƱվֱһ˫üһ
ҽ˾ᣬһƷʦ
ӴʦһƷǺһľ콾ֻǡ
ҹδЩʵ˵
˾һüͷҸղŲѾ˵ûѵ㻹ʱˣ½԰ˣôܣ̫˰ɣ
ҹδ뱻˾ڰĻҪˣ졭İɣƤҲ̫ˡҹδҲƢˣԲ߹߽޸
ôˣ˾һתȸҹδ𣬸ֳһ˿ĪЦݣ
ôܲأҿǴһľ콾֪жٷʦҪҺ
ҹδŲͣڴҲ֪νĺʲôƷ˾ˣҪҺȥҹ˾ɣҹƹ˾ҲƷ˾ͷʲôҪġ
˾Ѿͬˡ˾Цòá
ҹδһգ¥ݣŲİ칫ȥŶȥЩף֮ʲôԺģ
ȻаңõıϿ̻ûңֻܹЩıϿֻ̻ǿǿϣܹܳķӦװɣ
ţ
ҹδϾʶ˾ửеĹؼ

ҹδȻҲܹߵĺûһõķԲֻǷʦҪ϶ߵʦ
һľ콾ԸҴ֣


323 
˾۾۷˸ΣյĹâ´ҹδ뼸ۣ
ƺˣǺ֣뷨ҪúÿǷˡ
ҹδŲͣô˾ǳӹｾҲǾ콾԰ɡ
˼װɣ˵ûӣƽȵĹϵѾ˵Ǻˣ⣬һţ·һܶɣ
̱ҹδ붼̾һ˾ûбô֮
˾Ӹµҹδļ򣺡Ժָ̡
Ǻǡ
ҹδǺĵҸָʲô
˲ǰҹδţ
ҹδƿ˽ȥҹδ룬ֳº͵Цݣ
δˣĿɨҹδǰƷʦĻ£ѾõʦˣãҴȥ¥
ҹδλ˾᣿
ŶԺĺߡ
ߣΪʲôҹδ벻⡣
ǵĴйأ˵Щ̾ҪǷʦǵƺ
Ȳ꣬ҹδƷ˾Щںʹʦ˾߷˵ĺߡ
ҹδˣ΢΢üͷ飬ûпܹеõʲôô
ʲôûкôһֱû˵˾ἱˣܹǿĴʦķ۵ļ۸Ҫٹ屶
Բ𣡡ҹδ˫һ̯һ޸ʦӦȥ
Եȥ˾Ȼ
ΪʲôҪȥΪ㣿
ѵ𣿡˾ȻҿΪõıõıϿ̻֪жΪҵĺߣ㲻Ҫᡣ
δ룬ĿԿǣȥҲкô޸ϾֻһʰŲȱĵطͳȫ֣Էһ֪ҪԽȰ
ҹδ룬ת˾ôֳɣ
Ȼֳˡ
ҹδǿɵһ˾ᣬһԵĲҹδĿЩ֡˵䣬ҹδ뿪ˣ
һŷֳɣҾһ
š˾ڵľŭˣʯˣ
δ룡ЦõʦƷ˾ķʦҲֳɡδ룬СֳɣǴߡ
ߣǱ˾
ãǱϸĿڣδ룬Ҫ֪ܹǺʦ콾ܣҲǾӢЩ˴ıˮ׼ȻܸߣķֵҪ߳屶ֳɣҲҪ׬öࡣ
ߣ˾߰һͷ
ҹδ뵭˵Ҳ֪ķʦôģﲻС
Ϊʲô˾Ͳʵ
ҹδ̾Ϣһһ̾Ϣ˶ϵĹذǲǾã˾õߡ
Ǳ˾Ằ
ҹδû˵ҳõķķͶ԰룬ȻջҲ԰룿
ѵ𣿡
ǣ˾ѧ˷ҹδ
ɫһ㶡
԰
Щʦ֮ԸͷʦΪ˷ںУ۲ʦ̣ڴѰǵ֮
Ҳѧ˾Ὺڵ
ҹδؿ˾һۣȤ
㡭
ҹδ뿴˾˵ûõģߣҳȻѧϰǲǲƽ
˾룬ͷ˵ĲһžһţҪ˽ȫشҷ
ҹδҡҡͷ˾ᣬǴУֻʦͽ
ȫ㣬ʯȫ㡣˾һֻ֣Ҫ˽ȫҷ
ҹδҡͷ˽ڿԣȫСҵ飬Һæֻпյʱܹ㡣
У
˾ͷѵҵһͬƷĴʦǴʦҹδǴʦ˶ܳģ˲ܹںУײѤɫʣҲԼܹһ֮ҪʯҪˡ
δ룬޸ȥ
ҹδ룬û޸Ϊ޸Լ¸ɵķڷ´ﲻ̶ֳȡҹδԼĻۻŶʶһЩɵķ
ʱ޸ɡҲ˾šˣ˾ᣬһҪã
˾ҲþҹδߵĽзȻҴһֻҪһʱ䡣
һ죡ҹδÿʲôķͽˡȥ


324 ¥
˾ȥЦһڷÿµַ
лл˾ҹδ˾˫˫л
ЦҡͷаһŷֳɣºܿͻƷ˾Ȼ󲨣ԺֳɾҪˡ
߰ɣҴȥ
ҹδ˾˳ȥվſڵǹ˺棬޸ʱݵʱˣһʦԼ޸ڳǿ˾ᣬ۾һǿɲҹδǰ㲻ʶ˾ᣬڷʦ˵˾콾˵Ҳž޴һõߣܹˮƽķ롣ԣÿķʦĿУ̬Ⱥ˾к
޸ʿҲǰҪ˾кҲܹһ˾ԼһĻᣬǺض˾ܾˡ
ҹδҲɸ߿˾һۣ˾ڵ۶Ժ찡
޸¥ȥ޸ִ£ͣȻһȥ˴칫ңټ˶¥еĴʦҹδӽǶ¥еһԱ
һ¥¥ĴʦһĽź͹Щ¥ĴʦҲ̬Ȳ䲻ȣŸսĴʦǵһЩӻΪոմһ¥ĴʦҲһƷһƷʦҪԼ벻Щϴʦ̣̱ˣȻҪŵ̬¥ЩʦҲϰ顣
ǣ¥ЩʦȴȫȻûһ˿䲻ȵ̬ȣһغҹδкֻǴкôһ򣬾вٴʦҹδԼ˽ڣз֡
ΪȻҹδڸոսĴʦȻҹδ뵱һƷʦǾһһƷʦֻûü˰ˡ
¥ٶʦܹʮһһƷʦ˵ʮһһƷʦһ£ЩһƷʦʲô
ȻЩʦ˾Ϊҹδĺߡ
ˣ
Щˣ
ûһʦΪ˾ĺߵģЩڶϣ˾ܹΪǵĺߣΪǼţ˾ò˶ãͻΪڡ
ҹδ뱻һʮ޸ҡ
뿪ҹδ밲ǹȥӦûһ¥ھʣҹδ˾ᡣҹδʵ
˾ᣬԷ˽٣
һƷʦ˾ϴŽ
ǽȫϹˣҹδûпӴȡ˼Լд飺
ǷҶԾƷһƷķԼȥĿҡ
ѾһƷʦˡ
ȥҹδƽȴɡ
Ϳ
˾ӹ˼ҹʦԺÿҪϰ
ţ
ҹδͷԹԵȡһ鼮˾һطҲ﷭ҹδ鼮һν̬ȣ黩ü죬Լٵطһ飬ȻžҹδǰԼˡ
ǣٶȴԽԽʮҳ̧֮ͣͷĿЩӵؿһҹδıӰֽϣȻӵһҳؿ
̤̤̤
˽Ųǹˡ
ʦ
˸߲ҵ˽֮ǰҹδΪʦȻ֧֣żһܵ˴󲿷ֵܽõĳ
һʦһһСţȥһʦΪʦ
ǳĲǷ˰ɣ
Ǹҹδ볤õǲʳ
ΪŮ˻ǲֶΰ
ǡ
Դҹδμӷ֮ÿһȥܹԼЩֵ̬ܽı仯ڸĽԼԼҲڿԸʦ¥ˡ
˭Ժ󻹸ЦԼ
ˣҹδ̧ͷһۣ㿴Ҫһ޸ǹĺ档
ʦλз޸
룬¥һлҹδҲܸˣ׬Ǯˡˣ֪Ӧôշѣ
Ӧ֪ɣ
ʦλĽֻҪʦܹ޸ķԸƷʯ
ҹδú⣬һԵ֪ʦӦò˽ʦշѣҹδ͵
ʦʦշ𲽱һƷʯҲ˵ܲ޸ֻҪһۣշһƷʯ֮޸ķãٰշƷͻٻĳ̶ȣá
ҹδˣôƷʯѾԶˡͷ
ҿ
Ǹʿæһڰ˳ҹδǰĹ̨ϡҹδɨһۣüͷš
ôˣҹδֻ˵˾Ҳо棬飬վҹδŹ̨ϵǱȥȻȵ
㲻һٵ޸ʦɣ



325 
ҹδ뿴˾һۣһ
ǰûһ˿ƻҹδòһƵĵԼЦ߹ݣҲһٻһķⲻͲ
뵽ռ䣬Ϊϲ
ǣռֿ¼ˡ
ĻȻ˸ķȴһͼһƣֻһ΢Сķơ
ԣ
ǲǷƣȻ룬ġ
ҹδЩףǷͼչʾһ΢СͼƣȴǱı棬Ǳڲ
ҹδͻȻ뵽ѵƣ
ⲻҹδ뾪ȣ˭ƣ
ƲѾʧ
ϲǣռ侹ȻܹƣǲζԼҲܹѧϰ
ҹδռڳǱ˽ȥȻǸ΢СƣǸ΢СƵĴڣƵС
ӦĸʦżȻɺ֮£һưɣ
ҹδأ˾ļһ˾᲻ΪƲԼ
ƣܲ׬ЩôƷ˾õ˷ٶ̫ˡҹδƷ˾ֻõǧʮ롣ҹδ׼ռʮģͷûе
ʲôҹδĿ⣬˾һľ衣
ҹδתͷٿǿǸ㲻һƵķǲңҪ֪ϸϡ
Ǹ꿴һҹδ룬ֿһ˾ᣬȻĿֿҹδ
ҽĽ䣬ҴĽġ
Ľ磿˾ͻȻڡ
ǣĽͷ˾Ŀ⸴ӡ
Ľ˭˾ᷴӦܲƽҹδ벻ʵֱӹϵǸ΢Сơ
Ľİ˾Ҳֳһ˿ӣͬ꣬ҲǷ˵һһƷʦҶޡ
ҹδ벻ɿһ۶Ľ䣬ĽĿȻһЩ˾ĵ⣬ȴûзɫ˵˾˵ʵҿ˵Ľƺ˾Ҳ˶١˵һߡɽĿ
˾ûܹ˾ȼģ
ߣ˾һ̧ͷ
Ͳˣ϶ûУҹδʵǺĽıȼĴʦأ
ҡͷҲûУ
˾ôϣҹδɫһ㡣ⲻѹģ
˾ᣬĽ䣬վڽ䱧ųǹⶼɷһۡƷ˾ûҹδճҲѹģ
˵ҹδȴѾĽ˵
ĽͷǰЩӣҴҴȻȥ˷˵ƾҿ̻ķ

ҹδ붼ɴһӣƾҲʶΪƾҲμ˴󻪷ȣһǵˣҲ˵ƾڷ˵ĵλͬĽ˵ĵλĽڷ˺е϶ԼһһƷʦ
ǡĽֳ֮ɫڷƳ֮ȴֲͷųӦеܡԼҪһҡ
ҴƾҲˣҴƾ˽˹ϵһλںͷڿҲҲԭ򡣡
ҹδ벻ɻͷǸʵ̫΢СˣǱڶĹУڲȻҲγ˸·ֻǡγһ΢Сƣڸ֮Уע⵽ҹδ벻ռ䣬Ƿþɨ裬Ҳδܹ֡
һȵĿףΪеľ콾̫ϲˣԡ
ҹδˣĽҪԼϾҲֻһƷʦķҲԼΧ֮ڡڿһ콾ܿأ
ҲǲͶҽɣ
֪ܲԭ𣿡ҹδתͷ˾ᡣ
˾᲻мǴʦѵ
ҹδڳ˼󻯣㲻͸¶һ˿Ϣɨ裬ɨ裬ܹǸ΢СƵģصǸںͷڲûʮͷɨڲ
̧ͷĽ䣺ûһ
ĽϱֳɬѾȫˡ
ҹδˣҹؼĴģƾƵķ˵ƾ滹ûҪʯͲˡ
ο
ضҲҷڿķƸûдѵԼĴ⣿
Һܺ棬ɣоͿȥһµķˡ˵Ǯ
⡭ôԡ
ҹδڰֵ˵һܽ͵ģʧܵķǶ˵ȴһܺõоҲ֮ҲоʲôҲоĽҴϲ
Ȼ㲻ǾͰˡ


326 
Ȼ
Ľ伱ʵˣ⣬˿Ǽ۸Ҳܵͣȫٴһ
ֻǡҹʦʲôǮ
ҹδЦˣȻܹ´һļǮֻҲ֪ӦҪʯ
ҪʮƷʯĽ˵
ֻǲϷãǰ˶Ϳ̻ķã
ֻǲϷãҴΪѴ죬ƷʦҲŵΪѿ̻
У
ҹδȡ˶ʮƷʯĽ䣬Ǳս˴Ľ㻶ϲص뿪ˡҹδȡ鼮
ôоǱˣ
ȥоˣˣԻؼˡҹδ뵭˵
и
Ϊʺĸ磬ξͳ죬ЩΪ˷ȣάΰر֣Ǻڴڼ¶ˣסӪѾܾûлؼˡշȽִһ񣬲׼Լż٣ص
ĸߴԪѾԶ߽˸ţǰвԶáüͷ
ѭ߹ȥԼŮйӣüͷøˡ
ʱͨվйԺ⣬áй㣬Ųͷһίش
ףˡ
ܰüͨôˣ
ͨίףˡ
ˣ
ܲ´ͨϱҹδһţ׻ûȫˣʱŭ
˭ɵģĸıӵҴܵĶӣ
ͨһָ˴ҡ
ţ
ɫһ㣬ǶԼӺãԼŮǲ˽ԼĶӺŮй˴ĸ磿
ǣӦǺйЩϵ
ˣ˭ҶӣӾŪɫһ
ҵ˭
ҹδ룡
˭
ҹδ룡
üͷøˡǰȵ
ţ
йһֱҳȥ˺üˣҳȥԣĵͳԹˣûû
ӴеáѾͣˣ类ҹδˣӦҹδӵʯΪڣĴ硣
ȻΪҹδΪʯΪҹδҸ磬ΪԼ
գ
ҵĺ㣬㣡
׻йˡ
֪ԼǸжôԼ磬Ķˤˡ类˴ˡ
ԵܺŵʱйŵһȰ㣬ǽǣȶӶ£û˶
飡
ܲͣһ߿˷ţ˽ȥһֱߵңżйڴϣǽǣֳϲ֮ɫаôСĵӣ治ҡ
Ϊʲô˴磡ܵ۾ʵ
ûУңҲ֪йҡͷ
˵˵ѣܺȵ
ûУйҡͷҶ֪ʲôͶҡ
˵ȡ֣
ûУйҲ֪緢ʲôҡ
ƨͨˣҹδ벻ģô֪ʯ
㱾ǵʯ
йѾͨáзĴţԹǣҡȻһ
ǣҹδ룿
ǰѾ͸˵ˣҹδҳȻʯƽ֣ûеҺҹδ֣ʯͱȥˡ
ҹδˣ
ҪʯûУ˵ô죿ˣǷʯҴ硣
Ǹģͨ߷ߵ˵ҿҡ
ûУ
תͷͨ㰤ǰϸ˵֪ܹаԣȡ
ͨӣ鲻Ըؽԭԭ˵һ顣бףҹδͲйԼӵģֻˡ
Ǳ˴ԼĶӣԲŹǸˡ
ҹδ롭
Ĺ֮ǰ˭ң
תߣͨݺݵصйһۣ׷ܣ
ףס
ܶס˽Ųס֮ǰٸҳȥ죬Ҷŵҹδ롣

ʲô뱻ҹδһ𣿡
ǡǼҸҹδ밡
ҹδ÷ȵһ󻪲μĹȡĹȴŴ󻪵棬ʱڣ˭ҹδ룿
ʯ
Ȼҹδ㣬ʯȻҲˡҪɣ
ǾͺãǾͺã
ܵͨһۣʱڼұչأЩʯͻһʲôʱͻƣʲôʱš


327 ν
ס
ô˵ˣһ˦ˡͨƬ̣Żͷһйķݷ򣬺޺޵һˡ
йû˶ϴһһ·͵͵뿪˼šȥһ٣ȻŹСһżҶŽȥ
ԶԶؿ˽йɫһ㶣ǰˮϢߵǰվſӭ͵Ĺܼҿй㣬㼱æӭ
Сˣ
йЩԻ󣬵ʵЩ˶Ǹģ
ܼϴЦݣҲѹͺġ
񣿡йɫһ㣬Ӧҹģ
Ȼҹʦôȵһ̫ӣ£ߵ£λӺ͹˺
йֳһ˿Ľҹ𣿡
ڣүѾ׼ϯˣϯΪҹʦȡ
ȥҹķš
˴ȥ
ãֲǲʶ
йڰ֣˴ţҹδԺȥ
ƻʱ֣õ㱨Ѷҹδ룬ǹص˽ոչչֽǣ㿴һͣ˽ǰ׷ҹδ빧أҹδҲһ·߽˽Ĵš
ɻˡֺǺǵӭҰһٶ
̫ߵˣҹδ
˼ˣҲˣܲٷ˳԰ɣֺǺǣЩֵܽöˡ
ҹδ³һ̫ķѾˡ
ЦӦȥһͺˡ
ҹδ̫Ӻλǰ
Ц㷢룿
ǣҹδֳΪ֮ɫ
ᣡҡͷ֮ǰᡣȻųʾװˡҪԣҪ֪ĳһԽãҲԽԽǷƽ˾Ĺ֮󣬱ҲԽҡ仰˵˵ҲԽΣա⼸£㻹Ǻúú˼¡
ش磬֪ҵġ
֪㲻뵽֮У֮䣬ҪӦԵİ취򡭡˵ʵҵĵλʵ㵲ס
ףҹδЩء
˵һ㣬ʮҶǢûҹδ룬ʾûУеֻغͷ⡣
ⳡϯһֱֻ赽ҹ˲ŷ׷ɢȥҹδػصԼķ䣬תڵľƳʵѣǱȡ˳ϣȻ뵽ռڡ
ռڣֵǱ΢Сķơ
ҹδ벻΢΢üͷҪ֪ҹδѧϰһַʱռڳڹĻϵķһһʹգҹδϸʾͬѧһ㡣ѧϰʱҲˣռʾβ
ǡ
ȴԼʾζġ
⾿ռ䲻ᴫԼķʽԣ
ҹδռڳ룬ȡһŷֽ÷ڷֽϣǸƻ˷ֽϡ
һƣɢơҲΪɢƣӰǱɢһַܡ
ҹδٴν뵽ռ䣬ĻϳһɢơǹյĹ̸ʾһ顣
Ƿơ
ҹδٴδռڳŷֽϵǸơ

ǾǷƣơ
ҹδ뽫뵽Ǳ棬Ǹƣϸϸ۲죬лȻΪʲôԼƲͬ
ƽģġ
ҹδ뽫Ǹɢƻ˷ֽϣһƽ棬ǷơǱڵɢƣȴġö촸ڲҳһɢƣֱһߣγɵ·
ưҹδвҪ̾ΪƣƽΪƣ˵Ҫȷడ
ȻҪƽƽֻгͿյľޣ˹֮ͨȻҲޡȴгߣܹעȥľȻ࣬Ҫƽķ̫࣬Ȼ֮ͨҲҪ

ҹδи̾⾿Ҫܹһư
ĥ̶ӣȫûз򣬱㽫ҡҡͷ絢ʱ䣬Ҳˣϴһϴ£۾
Ժйй˵Щ¶΢΢ҡͷֻͨΪ˴Ҹɡйԣ̬ܵȣƺҲҲ̵֮ɡ
̧üģ취֮Σذ
ļ죬ҹδÿָֻ˹ɵһоǱͬʱΪҲʼͻͽ


328 ˼
һıʣһȫʯڵȻȴҲ뵽ʦ磬ʯһС;ȫû⣬һʯĿɾʹȥˡټǹҲйֵʯܿȥ֮
Ȼ֮ʯҲȡ˾ѵЧ˵ǹѾͻƵҹδڲһµʱ䣬ҲͻƵʼͨѨϡ
һա
ҹδ޸ڣո޸һʯȴڼ㡣
ȻΪʦ׬ʯҪ֮ǰ࣬ҲֻǿάԼǹз롭
ˣ
ҹδȥ˾ȥҲ˾е¶
ǹվҹδ
˲İ칫ңŽȥ
δˣкҹδ£һҹδǰĻµ첻ҪȥƷʦ
ǣҹδӴȡ˼Լװ飬ϵ˾ЩҸĴʦһԷ롣
Ŷ۾һҿ
һҳһҳϸҹδҲȡһ鼮￴
һͽ磬һҳɸпҹδ롣ҹδҲ鼮˲
δ룬Ҳ֪ΪʲôҪô룬һᾡΪȡ
л˾ҹδм
ϵ鼮Щʦķֵʤʦʮҹһ£ԼɶһǧຮԷ룬ҸոöΣ
л˾
Ͳ˼䣬ҹδ뿪ˣȴ̾Ϣһ
ö
ʮöɲͷͻȻһӿ˽Ų
ҹδ뿪֮ҲҴ˹ضͥߣضͥҴҷҹδķͼ䣬Цͬջţ
Сˣ
ضͥ
ضͥЦ֪öԷ룬ѾƷ˾ƶĹ򡣵ûҹδ֮ǰЩķʦͬ
кβͬ
ķʦֻǸһַҹδȴǸǧ֮ǰǴӷʦľƷһƷǴӴʦľƷһƷ⼸˵ϵͳظ˷ʦʹʦ硣
֪ζʲô
ȻǴ˷ʦʹʦ硣
ضֳ֮ͥɫ֮ǰϵͳظ˷ʦķǿ⣬ΪʦϾ̫ˡǴʦѾмˡֻƾĸҹδûж÷ȵһѹһͷƷʦѾԺͷһˡ˵Ĺףֻܹչߣ
ŲţƻԳһķҹδ롣
δɣ
ڲᣬǲᡣ֮ˣҪĻԼľ
ɣҹδöԷ롣
ã
ҹδصԼ޸ңȴһ档
ش磡
Ҹܣվҵĺѣ졣һֱոջ죬λҹδ롣
ҹʦ
硣
δ룡֮Ҫ˾Ϊһ
ҹδһڳ޸ÿ´Ҳֻǿάģÿһǿʣࡣתͷ˾
˾ᣬԺÿ´ıûɣ
˾ᵱȻԸ⣬Ϊ񶼹ҹδ룬һʯҲòɴؾܾ
ûʱ䣬һҪѧϰأ
˵ҹδʦ鼮Ϊҹδ뿴˭֪ȥ֮ŷ֣ҹδķУȻвûпġȻɻ֮ǰѧһȴ㲩ࡣⲻͬʱҲѧϰԣ治ûеƴǡҪ֪ҪѧϰҪѧϰ졣ûʲôʱ䡣
ţǸ˴ҲΪսԼļޡԼܹıѾʧȥȤ
ҲǵҹδԼÿԸ졣
ҹδȴЦǾˣԭһ㷢֡
ڣ
˾վ˵ʲô
ҹδȴȥ˾ᣬ磬Һ˾Լÿ´µѾˣ¸µһ졣
Ҵ죡˾̴ҹδĻͼֽ𣿻ʲôҪ󣿡
УУɫһϲӴȡֽһԵҹδƵ˵ҵ˼Ժÿ¶ı


329 ׬
û⣡˾ʹȻֽӹֽҲսԼĴȥ͸졣
Ŷ첻ɿҹδ룬ҹδͷȡ˴ĲϣٿƷʯ
֪Ǵı۸ͨʦͷʦ屶׼ٿƷʯɹ
ˣҹδֽٿƷʯ˾ûطһۣЩ
Ը˰ɣ˾ҹδ롣
ǿ𣿡
Ȼԣҹδ뺬Ц
²Ȼ˵Ϲʱ֮£Ǹʱ˵ʦûзʦʲô飬ƳıܴľˡΪơǧһһ˶ѰƵĴжãȴҹδãβ棿
ҹδڴһĨ㽫Ǳȡ˳˹̨ϡ

ɫһⲻһ
ʲôɿģ
˾᲻ͬȻ֪вһѵڲ
㽫̽뵽֮ϸɨ裬ɨһ֮󣬲ûзʲôʵҹδ롣
ҹδָǱһϣλϸɨ衣
һ£Ҳ̽˳ϸϸɨ衣
ͻȻ˾ᾪһ
ˣҹδЦе
ʲô˾ĿƵҹδ롣
ưҹδֽǱ
ôˣٸҿ˾ἱ
ҵģ
ô˾һץסҹδĸ첲ҡţѵõ¶СŮ̬֮ҿҿ
һ£Ǳҹδ˽˾ˣǵ۶ˡ˾һ򽾰ʲôʱ򿴵̬֮
ǹⶼһ£֪Ȼ˾ҹδѧϰһҹδĹϵǶҹδҲһʱؼ˵첻ϲǽա
һӽܲˡ
ֻҹδһĵ˾ᡣ˾Ͻֳŭ
ҹδ룬ǿǺϵӦҷ
Ƿ𣿡ҹδƽ
˾ɫһͣ侲Ҫʲô
ҹδȡһ룺ʮöķ롣
㡭ΪʦֻҪɨһö룬ֵ֪Σ㻹ʨӴ󿪿ڣ֪һöķѼΣʮöô
ҹδֻǵؿ˾ᣬ˾ȴԽ˵Խ飬տڲԡ
˵ˣҹδ뵭˵
˵ˣ
˵䣬ҪѰǧ꣬ȴûһ˿áȴһ˿ðǰ˵ֵΣ
˾ĬȻƬ̣ͻȻȥδ룬ҡ
ŵŵɵؽŲԶȥָ˼ž˴ԼϢʱ䣬㿪ڵ
δ룬ȻƣΪҪˣ˾
ҹδȻ˺ͷһڴ½ĴУκһңƷ˾˾ȴǸԼģΪƺ˺˴࣬Ϊ󻪻ӣȻϣƵķϽ˾ˡ
ش磬ҹδ뽫˵һ飬ȻƵ˵ҲĽ죬ʵҲԭ
Ȼ𾴣δ塣
ҹδҡͷҶƶЩƲ⣬ȻҲʦȴҪٴǸƣǧѡֻṩһ򡣡
ͻȻЦҲûдӦķָ˾
⵹Ҳǣ
˽Ц
ת±ߣҪ
Цһ˵ǰǿδǱƷ˾ˡ
ǾͶǣһáЦ
ʱãٵĽŲ
ˣȻһЦ
飡
űƿ˾س˽ˣҹδ벻΢΢üͷ
δ룬һˣ
һǶûУһ˾ǳ𣿡
˾ȴһȻҺδǺߣҲҵĵطֺαţ
ˣҹδҲֳ֮ɫ˹ֵ
λߣ
ҹʦֻǶҹδͷȻͷҲڡ
㹰Ϊ񣺡δ룬ҸܡΧǷӼȻλǷ˸Ҳ˾ʦ޵С
ҹδٴʩ񣺡λ
ӼȻڰֵɷǱҶ˿
ҹδ˵ļ˼¸ɴȡǱ˹̨ϣָָһ



330 һ̬
̽͸ȥϸɨ裬ԼʮϢʱ䣬ջʶֳϲ֮ɫӼȻץǱ
ķҿҴӦˡ
ҹδȡһö룬ӼȻһۣʾҹδ
Ƶķ֣Ƿˡ
ҹδ΢΢ҡͷ
ˣӼȻɫЩãǸ˿
ֻЩ˿
ӼȻ޵жһۣɫ΢ɡ˵˾ûпҹδ˾ûڣҹδһʦҲ˵мŻȥۿеƣҹδͷתȥ
ȵң˾Ҳ˳ȥ
ȥһҹδδ룬ģȻӼȻŵˣû⡣
֪
ҹδ뺬Цһ˵ôܻ⣬Ҳû⣬ᾡдǻ졣
δ룬¡
ɫԥҹδЦشˡ
лɫһϲ
ҹδҲֻЦЦ
Ȼڶ죬ҹδո߽Ʒ˾ͼضͥһվƷ˾ſڣҹδ룬ضֵͥ
δ룬
˾ҹδǰʩ
ߣضͥΪڣԱߵǸȴһ
ҹδ뿴ǸһۣȴѾƲǸߵݣΪζԼ̬ȡ
Ļҹδ֪ضὫ֮¸֪˾Ͼ˲ڴ󻪣Ʒ˾ȴڴ󻪣ΪӣܲΪ롣ԣ߱ض˾֮ˣܿ˾˾
ҲضΪҹδƷ˾֮ˣȴƽˣ˾ŭҹδ벢˾֮ˣֺα˾
±ûǸߣضͥЦδ룬Ҹܣλ˾˾˼
ҹδź˼ֵ½˾
˼һȵҹδ룬֪
ҹδɫһתŹضֵͥ˾ûб飬ˡ
˼ɫ࣬תŹضͥƷ˾ˣ⣬֪壿
ضͥɫЩΣδ룬лú˵
ҹδһ̾Ǻ˼õλΪѹˣ֪ᱻڲʲôӣԶٿ
˾Ҳú˵𣿡
ضͥɫһͣϲô˵ԼҲҹδ˾⵱涥ײҲ̫Լˡ
δ룬Ʒ˾˾ڳ͢͢г͢Ĺء
ȹضͥ˵꣬ҹδŹضֵͥһл˾ҵչˣδƷ˾ҲףǷ˾δˡ
ҹδʩ֮תߣҹδЩû˾ļ˾˵˾־콾ˤˣڿ»ˣȻֻһһƷʦڷ˵ĵλڸԼڷ˾һҪʲôԴ˵һ̾͵ҹδƷ˾Ҫÿ칤ܹ֮ԼķԴҲбĻ˵Ʒ˾Ǹö͸ˡ˾˵ĸգԭƷ˾ķʦǴʦʱԼгһַƷ˾һڶȡԵԼгɹͶߵĽȴǱżշ߶תͶˣ֮һڴѹƷ˾
ҹδҲ罻̸֪ڷ˵ĵλ˾ͬ
ҹδ뵹ǲҪĵλʹҲԸ޸ܹʶ¸
ǣⲻζſⱻңҹδ֪ԼԺ˵ϵͻԼݡ
ҾûзѡҹδҲŴʱ⵹ʱƵĸַһֱڼĶУûдпѧ
ԣߵü
˼һ࣬ǹضͥȴˡʱյһӾ͸ͷյƷ˾һȻתͷ֮Ʒ˾ǸڣȴܻˣļʮƷ˾˺ܴ鷳±˳ȥ֮Ʒ˾Ҳܵ˼𺦡
ǣǸʱܹڵҹδ
ȫܣ
콾㲻Ͼ콾
񣬴󻪷ȵĵһˣʮһһƷʦתͷ˷ˣƷ˾ܲ
ôĵӣˣ˼ŭ⡣
ұ죡
½㺰꣬ضͥͳȵȻһҹδǰ
ҹδס˽ŲƽŹضͥ
ضͥһϼһ˿Цݵδ룬Ȼ޸ңòã


331 ʮ
ҹδ΢΢ϸϸüͷ
Ȼȥض̬ͥӵغͰףҴģܵί
ҹδͷл
ҹδת޸ķȥضͥһȻź˼
˼Ʒ˾˾ҵ˻ֲǳ⡣
˼һ㣬ȻҲŭضͥʲô˼
Զȥҹδ룬Ǹֳһ˿ЦݣԼĶˡ
߽޸ǹѹδ룬°ɣ
ᣡҹδдһ˿Ц⣺Ǹ˼ҵġ

ģ磬վʶҪ˵ӣˡ
ҹδص޸ңѾˣڴɨ䣬Լλȡһ鼮
Ȼӵʱ䣬ſҹδ𣬸ֳһ˿ЦݡԼ쭣ضͥҲԼˣǴţֱŶġǲ֪᲻ԼԴ
첽ߵſڣ˾˾
ضͥЦǺǵ˽һĺ˼ҹδѾվ
˾
ضͥЦеҹδĶ棬ʾҹδ£޸ɵĻ˳İɣûҪ˾ֵ֧ģ
ҹδһΪڻûп˷ڣƷ˾ûзڼķֽ
ֽǷԣҲƷԽ߼ķҪķֽƷҲԽߡҹδΪռ䣬ҲûмȥԼǮڼķֽʱĻȻŹ
˾׼ԻڼķҪһЩڼķֽ
ˣ
ʳ仰֮󣬹ضͥڵòԼһ⣬ҹδôܹ
Ŷ
ոնʮһ꣡ӦҪͨġڼķ߾ͶԷĸԹкܴĸá㼱æ˵
û⣬Ʒ˾й涨ǴﵽһƷʦÿ´Ʒ˾һŷڼķֽÿ¸š

ضͥеСƷ˾ҲŹ涨һһƷʦûйͻƵڣṩڼķֽҪʦԼʯ򡣲Ǹ۵ġ
л˾
ҹδ⣬һƷʦÿ¸һţԼšⲻŵ¶Ʒ˾Լĵλı⣬˲ŻԼõԼҪ͵λ
ⲻʲôضֵͥһЩֽܹһڣƷ˾ʮҪ磬Ϊ֮󣬾ûзֽƣҪžжţÿȡʮɷڼķֽҪϽƷ˾һŷڼķֻһƷ˾׬ˡ
ҹδͷضֹͥĵʲô󣿡
ûˣҹδҡͷ
õĺӰôҪ󣡡ضͥа̬ӵºͣδ룬Ƶ¶
ҹδ뿴һۺ˼ʱ˼¶˽֮ɫ
ʮöԷ롣
δ롭ضͥȰϾǶڳ͢
аɣ˾ӿ϶Ǿͺͷһʮöɡ
ضͥ˺˼һѾæ̬
˼һҪȿֵֵá
ֵãɶֵãҹδ뵭˵˾ذɡ
ضͥҲϵվѲƶضͥٲκ£ֻҪҹδ벻뿪Ʒ˾ͺá
˼ұģžջˣʮʮһڸ㡣
ҹδͷ˵˵Ǹơ
˼ɫ˲ضͥҲĺ档
˵һĽĵʦܴܵһżȻ´һƣ֪Ȼ̻˷֮ȴܲ㡣ҿ֮ҲŷǸơоһ£ƺͷڱûʲôΨһǣƽģġ
壿˼ɫһ
ԣҹδͷʵϣĽľڼżȻ£ǱڲһơҪٴһ˵ûпܣǻԼѡ
һ˵ţһڷֽϻһƵǷƣֻάȣͿȷ˵
ҹδǸƵϷֹһƺǸһ
Ϸһƣ͹һ򵥵ķڿȵķ졣
ȻҹδԱ˼ƣڳȵķ˼ƣֳһµļ򵥷
Ҳ˵ֻܹڳȺͿάչȴڸ߶ǣƿԡ
ͺñȡҹδ룬Ӵȡһ󣬱㽫ǿһߣ
߾ģĶϸҲи߶ȣ˵ֱġ


332 
ҹδ˿߱֯һ򵥵ľȻ˹̨ϣ˶ܹоΧʼžۡ˶üëһ
ͻڷֽϵľûһ˿ͬǻ۹ȴһֹ
ЧҹδָǸΪ壬Ʒʱ򣬹עľͶ࣬Ҫ֮ͨԾΪԽȻԽǿ
Ƶİ
˼͹ضͥ˫ĿŹ⣬ɫֳ
ҹδ˵ǱʾİʵѾûбҪٿǱǣѵǰ
ʲôѵ㣿˼ҹδ롣
ҹδϴŵ΢Цź˼Ҳ
˼ϵɫؽӲףҹδĶѾǱܹʾУ˼Լĸƾʲô㣿
ѰƵΰĿ£˼ϼһ˿Цݣҹδ빰ֵ
ҹʦ֮ǰϷ̬ȲãǸ
ҹδϵЦɢǰѵԣܹƾһѴӴơ
˼òһѪѵ㻹˵
ҵǸͺ˵
ضͥǿЦҹδҲ̫ˣҲ̫ǿˡ
Ҿ˾ȲҪøԶҹδӭź˼Ҫɱ˵Ŀ⣬ƽĥôܹһڣһӴһ߰ɣܹɹĥôܹͲͬߡ
˵ҹδɫֳԥ֮ɫضͥδ룬㻹ʲôҪ˵ģģ˵Ҳû¡
ҹδ뿴˺˼һۣ˼ʱɲܶţ˭֪ܹҹδٳʲô
ͷҹʦ˾Ƿһ顣
ҹδƲƲ죬̬ȣͺˣ
һ½˾˾ˣһûƵĴ
˼ʼһ㣬ɫΣտڲ
ضͥˣ˵½㻹ʲôģδѧȥǵĴУ
Ҹ㣬δ벻ϡδǷʦ
һ㣬δǷţȫ˷Щ㶼֪ζʲô
֪
ζδԼߣ
ԣ˭ܿ϶δͲһ֣
㲻˵Ͳ˵ɣҲϡڵֲǡ
˼ǿɬҡͷʧˣ
涼ʧˣضͥȻһû£
˼ҡҡͷ̾Ϣһ
ҹδҲ̾Ϣһ
˼ҹδҹʦҲġͬΪҲӦ֪͢Ʒ˾˾ĿģΪƺ˺ˡϣ㽫ʲô֣ܹң˾
Ӫ⣬Ϊ󻪵ĳӣͱվڳ͢һߣǳ͢壬Ҳ壬ᱻȻԣҲ֪
տʼҹδŻԣСžüͷ˺˼Ļ
Բû£Ҫˡ
ڵһ˼ǺˡԼĺҹδָû뵽ҹδȴ˲ʶ̧٣ָ̧ҹδ
㡭
ضְ̧ͥ˺˼ֱۣҹδδ룬ˡڼķֽһ
лл˾
ضͥһְֻ˰ڣһֻź˼˳ȥǺ˼߳˷Żģ
ôô֪ô
ǹѾñӲǱӣˡֻ֪ԼԴûҹδԴʹҲû˵ֻȥҹδ룬ҹδûаãͲҲⰡҹδԼʦСţ
̸࣡
ҹδǳû¶ܿƷʦ𣿡
ܵһоȥˡ
̫Ӹ
̫ĻԶѾźü̳ӣҲ˵һһغš
֪˶ãѾŰ˸̳ӣ˵жѾʡ
Ȼ䣬佫̳һˤ̧ͷ̫ӣвѪ˿
̫ӣôŸһطأ
ǳ鴤һ£Ҫǵһѡ֧Ļӡ츳츳ط档еһʮҪӣ׼Ըطġǣԣڵûļƻ϶
ģ̫˵Ѿ͹طֻʱҲطصһɢүҪ񽻸ģҪŴ硣
֪뷨˫Ŀɳ죬ҲûУΪֵ֧ܽ٣ֺߡԣֶβļƲߣеĻӻŮϻطءˣֺⷽûơڳϵľӪȴȶֺҪǿռơ
ⲻǶβ̫Ҫ͡


333 ʱıһ
̫ӣ̫ӵĻͦʱ䣬һ뿪˵۶ص˷ءǻ֮ǰа취ڲӻ£һ
̫ĬȻԳһЦˣҲֻϻλ֮󣬲ȨһǣǸʱ㻹Ҫһ𣿡
ģ˵̫תƳ˾Լ˹طأҪһսĶ
ʱΪ췴ȷ𣿡ҲתƳ˾ѾˣҾ׼ĺܹ֡˳ǻҾûʲôˡһҵĺôԸˣ㲻ҵӵһ֧սĶ顣㲻˳ǻұеǹ
ǣܵõʲô
ʲôò
ܷǻҵ³ĻӺãһ
ǵģ̫ǰ㣬ضŶΪԸôΪһ㾡лӻŮطأĿľΪ˼϶ߵռϷ磿
ѵ𣿡乣Ųʵ
̫ӵɫʧǰ㻺ؿӱ峺˫У·ˮνһī˺ڰžɥˡ
ģ̫ӵЩ˻ƣ˭ǿǸλӵˣ
̫ӵɫɫҲһ䣬ûп̫ӵȳָӵɫʶУ̫һźʹݣһӶࣺ
ȻǶֺߡ
ܹҸȥ˭
Ӧáԥһµ߰ɣ
̫ͻȻЦԽЦԽԽЦԽᶼ˳е˲
̫ӡ硭ôˣ
̧̫ĨһˮĨȥ۾Ǻġ
ߣҸ㣬հҸȥĲ϶Ҳߣܡ
ʮţ
ôţ̫ӵǷһ˿
ô᣿ʮŲ꣬ǻʺ
̫Ƥôֻܹң϶ߵϣΪĸֻӣ
ѵ𣿡
ĸȻǣǶڸ˵Ȼǡ
Ϊʲô
ĸȻϣδĻʵ˵вϾĸӡҲң϶
̫ǵļŨǸȴôİ϶̫ˡ
㡭ʲô˼
̫Ȼ̧ĳ־˸˵û𣿡
䶯һڿˮҡ̫
̫ӵֳ˻֮ɫǵҸոնµʱǸʱ϶ûгʶҼãʱΪ̫ӣְֵؽд֣һȺҵʦԵϣЩδܹһҡ
ֳҸɫǸʱĸʣᣬӢȰҲҸһʱ⡣
ĸҲʱңҪúú͸ѧϰΪ֮ҲѧȻ࣬ȴǸ֮¡
ʱţһ쳤ˣܳˣܳˣҲˣԽԽĻʵܺͻóˡ
Ϊ̫Ӻʹ磬ҶÿܵܺöǳãҶڴЩʦĽ̵£ҲԽԽӦ֡ȻҺ֣ĸԶܸãܴСÿɰҲϲȫȻûе¶ҶԶҲȶʵܻúá
Ϊʵ̫ɰ˰
һʱ䣬ʻ۶£ЭһС
ҽ´þ׿ʱҸ˵ȥӭӸʣҲ佱ҡȴӸʵпһ˲ŵһĨɵ
ǸʱңѾˡ˵ʵѾһ˺ϸĵˡʱ̹۲ΧһУѾΪҵıܣⶼǸԴ̸ҵġʮȷҿ˸һĨɵʵġ
û̫࣬ϾǶҴȰĸʰ
Ҳ֮ҲչءҸش¡˯ñȹñȼ硣
ǣܹоʺĸҵĸ齥رˡ
ĸ۰ܵıԽԽˡȴǶԽԽ䵭·ǲǸӣֻǻʵۺͳ֮Ĺϵ
һҹ
¶ãŽеơеһĨɵҵԺУˡ
һֻܹ͢ӵһڵĳ͢Ѿ
һǸʣһҡ
̫ӵֳ˼ȵʹͱˣڼɵңŵЩ󳼣ô
ģʱ򣬸ʾͰЩ󳼽̵ңҡЩ˸ʵŴӵҵΧ
ڶˣ
ʮˣ
Ҳ˵֧Ѿʮˣһڵּ֧֡ʮѾΪһ壬ɷָ
ڸʣڸ֮⣬ҡ
ܹ֮˳ǻÿ˵ļ嶼ΪǺҵĹϵȥ
أ
δĻʵ۲أ


334 
̫ӶŶģȻ͸оһ亹
ⲻ˵
˭˵λὫ̫ӵĴϴ⽫һҡ
ģ̫ӵɫЩһֱѣʻǻӵʱЩ󳼾Ϳʼʣշ˵λУеˣе˶ӣЩ˶ԸĹº͡
ǸʵıѣȴԨ
ʮǰͿʼһЩµĹԱѾγһмԿЩΪܲϳ
ڲҪһʹģѾΪһϸĻʵۣʱȡ̫ӡΪ̫ӣ˵в̫ˡ
Ҫһ꼶ףҪȥ̵չȰĶӡû˿вĶӡ˵бʮŸʵ𣿡
ĬȻֲΪʲôҪͷ֮٣Ҫ֪ˣȻھͷ֮СʮŻСǻڹеİ
Ϊڵ۶ҲûãѾеʮţҵĶֲ϶ߡ
վӣ
ûã
ֻգվӵǸʡӪľȨڸСҪһսģֻЧҵĴӡ
Ϊֻһ֧ҵУҲܹ
˵ԼС
㡭˼Ǹʻ㶯֣
ѾڶҶˣ˸ȨҸҰģ͵췴ǸʱͿ˳µɱҡ
ֲɵǺǡ
ڵ۶ҾϻЩΪʾϹĴ󳼣ּ֧ҵĴ󳼣ǻռҪְλǾͳ˧ҿемᶼˣЩڶЩϳΩǴӡҺЩϳƹ緹Щм̾ͻᷴҧһڡ
Щϳͱܼܿˡ
һЩϵ͸յ̫ˡ
ԣҲҪ㣡
ģҪصأ齨һ֧ӡ
ģԴһṩҪľһ֧սĵĶ顣
ģ˭֪һġҽˣ³һҪҡ
ɫòͣʹͷУӦˡǣþͷ֮£ܹӦ𣿡
̫̾Ϣһʵ˼˭ܹµõڴ֮£ʲͬҲͬ⡣ѾˣҲٴͷ֮ˡ
׼ʲôʱ򣿡
Ͼ͹ˣܵøʺĸһꡣ֮ɡ
ϣҹδص˽Ʋ֡һʲ֪ͷ֮£ô֪ģЩغܡֻԴˣҹδҲûʲô취Ҳֻ˷Ҳ͸ȥ
ա
ҹδԼĵ˫˫ͨ˿ˣҹδ˰Ʒʦ£ƷʦĻ¡
Ѿӵĺ䣬͹ˡ
ÿĶ°գ½ĴꡣУһսʤ壬ΪϢصһ졣ԳΪ½Ľա
ҹ
ѩ׷ɣҹδݼ֮ϣѩͬһѩˡһ죬ҹδ붯һ£ϵĻѩ

ҹδ̾Ϣһʶ뵽һ㡣
һʼ޷򺮡
һ˼һµɣҴڶ׽ֽţҲܹͨ򺮵İ塣
׽ѩ㿴ˡ
ʱҹδݼ֮Ժһкγһĳ
͡
ҹδڷѩ轣ѩ潣裬һһ滨š
ϣ
ҹδս΢΢ҡҡͷ˷ڡ
Ȼû򺮣ҹδҲ٣棬ÿ춼ڽһһ̣ΪҲرƽ۷塣ڼķҲ˲١
ÿڴϣܹоζԽԽŨˡ۶ÿһҶʼɹζ˷ܡ
ֻҹδ鷴ǳνÿѽڱ˼ףⶼһ¹ȥˣ˴磬û˵˿Ϣ
һҹ
ֻˡ
æµһƬҹʱֲͣ
һȻҹδûйϵɰͰʱڴϣ˫ȴ̣ɣȻ糤һ㱼ӿȴ·˩סͷѨϳȥ
⣬ѩƮƮ
䡭
ҹδ΢ĵһѨϿˣ硣

ͨеĵһѨϵ˲䣬оԼ仯ˡȻѩƮܹܹͨʶγһۣ·˫ĿⴰĴѩ׷ɵһ㡣

ҹδ³һڷİεɢ


335 ҹ
ʹ
һ»Ǵһλӵľס֪֮ΪʲôӾ»ԺͶˡǧǰˣ֮»ͻķˡʱ򱻴Ӿ͸乬ûдӣͻš
˺ίȥӻ߹ŮҲܵͶģлʹڵ棬˻ӽģ͸ķˣˣû
»ĵطһߣǹ︺ϴĹŮסĵطһұߣһ͵̫סĵط
»ǰԺУ˺ĻѩһƬףֻʣһڶľڡǾͻȻ΢΢˾ڣΧһٶɢ
ʵϣνۿ
磬΢΢
ʹλµĹŮ̫Ѿˣرǿˣ̫ĻЩײĹŮ̫ȥɡ
С̫࣬ݶĺУһŲӴŹǷһ˳ǽǰţߵ»ǰŹС̫࣬ͻȻͱտڲˣ۾ÿնͣ˽Ųת»Ĵţͬһص̨ףƿ˰߲Ĵţ˽ȥֱǿھȥͨͨؾ˽ȥ
ںӿû̫ࡣ̫ĻǴƮ˳ľ֣ļУھ׷·һŴڣûеȵ̫ĻʶԼѾˣ㱻˽ȥ
ɳɳɳ
Ӿĺɫļ׳棬ÿһ׳涼ָ״Ҳ֪Щ׳ݶôģЩ׳̫˽ȥܾþ˳ʧھס̫ȴֻʣƤڵѪ౻ʳһա
ƤӾƵƮ˳Ʈ»ǰƿţƮ˷ڣʧ
Ϧҹ
󻪵Ļңгϵ䣬ﲻŻʹÿʱ򣬴󻪻ʵ۶磬Һڳһãһϲ˼γĻʵҲ֡
С
ʹŵƽʣֳԣݡ
Աǰ໥к˵ż黰ȻĽС
ٺëУǵ󻹸ƷͬĹԱ
һֺӴĹس˵ǰǹ¥ÿ磬ʼҾڴ˴С
˹¥ǰ΢΢һüͷԹ¥ûǶ첻ϳڹ¥չ
ڴߵëüͷȴûʮֲһ׽ĵҪľǴ޵ǵ¶Ҳǲõ޵ܵ÷ΰɣ
һһˣȴǴ̫֣ΣȻһ̫࣬ڼȴлûа̫ΨΨŵŵһ˫Ǿ䡣
ٿ֣һۣüͷø̫࣬ʵεĸ£ΪʵѰһܹĶûʵ۳һԵëֱӿ
ûӵļ
֣εؿһ۴ٺëﵭ³֣
һ¿ëˣһƾ֣˹ȥһСˣ
֣ȴɹȻЦһʳָëƴ˹ȥͬһ׶
飡
֣κë˼һҡһ
ëŭҪǰȴٺȵס֣ɺͳ
Ѿٴָ֣εһЦ֡ëҲ޺޵һ˦䡣ëϴȻ֣ܲζԴ׸ҲмɵԶʹֱӷͻ
ס֣ٵɫȴû˿ͣٲŹ¥ȥ
뵽¥ֱԼλ¥ڵ˽ضҺͰٹҲ½
һȴ¼ݵ
˽ȻѾ٣ȴ꣬ЦݣȴȻֺ롣
μ£ҺͰٹʩ
񣡡
ߵԼλ˫°
л£
˷׷һŮϾƲˣҲʮָɴࣺ
Щ˹ؼ֮Ժϳ󻪹λˡ
ң
ǳȱ֣

ٿţб̾ϢһʵǿƣͲܹȰ˵ġһʱ֮䣬ȻЩԭ׼һЩȰĻҲ˵ڡ
̫Ÿò̾һоȻһͷҪ̫Ӿͺˣο
ǣȥͷΪ֪Ѿ̫ӣ·ֻǰû·ڱʰ̫֮λס


336 ʮ
һҪʽ֮󣬴ұ㿪ʼҲԼλҿʼ߶໥ơ
Ȼ֮ǰѾһ𾴹ʵ۵ľơʱҪٵʵ۾Ƶģɲʲô˶ģǵس
ⲻ̫֣ξȥʵ۾ˡʵ۲ˣе֣εļ֮ɫһɵ֣εسɫ
֣δӻʵǶ뿪ƵŴüëⷬưϹˣٸûȥһһƵغţЩĻ䣬ûȥʵ۵ơ
Ҳںʵۣ˰Ҳٲģ
ǣΪ׸ȥƣЩسҲͲǰȥơ̫֣κٹϵŻʵ۵ĳſԲں٣ǰٹٲܲعذ
һʵ۵ǰһӾûȥˡ
ЩӻŮҲڴ֮ǰȥƣһʱ֮䣬¥ڵ΢
ʵ΢΢۾˴١ٸͲҲˣֻһһغȾƣͻȻųЦݣŴٵ
䣬޺һ
ٶƱֶһ£վŻʵȥʱ¥ʮְЩСˣס˺ΪǵĴٿʼʵۣҲûзϴξΪٰѻʵ缱ˣŰѴٱᵽ˴
ǳϦҹ˻ʵۣ˭֪ʵۻ᲻Ǩŭǣ
ǣǣȻûЦݣҲƽغͻʵ˵˼仰һƣͻصԼλ
һ£е˶һЩسſʼ½ʵ۾ƣĹԱͻҲʼڹ¥߶
̫ҲȥʾƣȻֺԼ̸ֵܽЦ
һ赸֮󣬻ʵͻȻʮŻֵ
Сʮţ
ͰܣΪֹѾС˵ģŸȥ̫ӵϳеЦݣֻе֣ݺݵ߬һ
ĻӻŮɫҲͬеļʣеνе˼
ǸνģʱؿһûһģͻȻоؿˣ·ΧĿһˣȻֻһ˲ʼӶϿһĨת˲ŵɫ
в̾һ磬ʮŻǸӡ
ؿһۣ̾һ绹Ľ㰡
Ľңһ㣬ȻЦҾԡ
ǰԣмܹԣ˵ֿһңеʱ򣬼ԣҲԲȷ˵ͷ
ɫҲѿ˭˵ǣ뿪˵۶ԶģҶоܶࡣ
磬ͷ龿ĻǼٵģ
棡Ӧгˡ
ҵöռһЩĴУԴЩ֡
æȰ˵δңͷ֮ҪԴңʱס
磬ң֪Ҳİδ뵱ѡ
ؿļǻʼѡ

ʱ򣬹¥˻ʵؿϵ־һתͷЩŵ
ʣк
ţϴеЦݡ
ͷӿһůкܾûڸʵϿеЦݣæվŸȥ
ؿıӰϵЦЩһߵ̫ӣϵЦݸӵĺ㣬ֻеյøط棬΢ɲһüͷ
ʵе֡
лʣ
ж۾ʪˣļУʴδԼ˺Ͱ
ӻŮõģСʮŶҲܸȤԺҪСʮ׽һЩСʮţ
ʵתܣԺҪ̡
ܵվ㹪ʩͷˡ
ͷæֻܵҪѧ統ȻϽ̡
˵üЦѵֵܼ䣬һ־ͬϵġ
ʵĵĴЦһֻץס֣һֻץסֵ֣ܵ˵ְһ
ѵܹã
ر¡аٹٹأʵ۸ǸˣƱȣ
̫ӣؿطڻӻŮҲ˱ӣֻǴݺȾƵʱÿ˵ɫˡ
޲ɢ֮ϯػظˡžĸУƿת˷ҹδĶԺȥԺƿſϣҹ£ҹδӰ


337 㸸ʡ
ҹδ֪ˣ˵ŲԶԶضᵽ˾ζҹδûֱͣһʽͣ
ش磡Ȼ㿴ɫܲÿôˣ
δ룬һˣ̾Ϣһվ۾һУͷһ¡
˵ɣҹδ˷䣬Ȳ裬Ȼ˵ɡ
ĿҲϣһ·ϾͿԣڻʹſڳʱ򣬻һЦݣڣ˵Ϣֻ㲻˵Ҳʡ
ǣȴû˵һطΧУĬԲⲻԽԽģҹδ붼оˡ
죬̾һδ룬֪𣿽ϯϣǵнʮŽеߣȻְҽеߣҺʮŶ׽˵ְһ𡣡
ɫһӾͱˣ촽ʼ߶
ҹδȴüͷ˼Ͼûоֲ飬ȻϻۣҲĥ˺һаӣŷӦ
㸸Ҫʮŵܣ
вֳ֮ɫ֮ҹδһǣֻҹδôһֵΣһ棬ҹδʮִϻۣʱ䣬ӦܹĻأҲû뵽ҹδôס
ΪʲôҹδСǻʴ磬֮𣿡
촽˶ȴ΢΢ҡͷͣ˿ҹδ룬ҹδʲôʱܹס
ҹδܹף˾ܹһҹδ벻ףҲҹδ룬ǲҹδ顣Ϊʮǻ۲ƫҪҹδϽǺҹδ롣
ҹδ˼ʱԼһӵʱ䣬Ȼ̧ͷϴ𾪣
㸸ʡ£
۾һҹδ˵ʵҪ̫ӣʮųΪֻҹδ뿴һ㣬λҹδȴֱӿ˱ʡⲻҹδڴ
δ룬˵òҸ£̫ӶвҪһСģ˶ûвڶʮӦûвҸʻСġ
Σ˰
ǰ̾ϢһҴ磬Ҷߡʽı֣˺ǣʹʮš֮Һʮ׽Ϊһֱûվκһ˵ӪҪҸʮš㿴Űɣ֮󣬺һûѡӪˣãʮһܣᱻҸøַ͵ʮŵĸǰδ룬Ӧô죿
ҹδȲ˵ô죬һϢ
ʲôϢһ㡣
ͷ֮£»᲻֮
۾һ
ǰ
ȻҪԼʮţͲԼͷǡ
δ룬˰˵ʮΣգʱҷǣҪǣӰҵʱ;Ҳר
һʦˣʮŵܣѵѵ㸸ʲ˵ѧͰڳһʦףֻȤʮŵ˵ʲôûйϵ飬ѵʱ;ϣҪķʱ䡣
žһĴȣ԰ҾһʦʮֻᣬԴ飬ǸҲֱԣҾװŲᣬһʦ޹ء
Ҳֳ˶ҹδľ壬ת˲ֵĵֻǡҲܳá
̾ϢһһһɣҲҰ̬ȡʱ򼴱ǸвϲҲң̫Ҳ̫Ϊҡ
ŵŵɡ
ٵĽŲǹܼҵ£𣿡
üͷһ塣
ܼ˽£ʹˡ
ɫһ䣬ԼոմӻʹʾԼҹδҲ¶˼֮ɫȴѾվҴȥҹδ룬վԶԶظ˺档
ȻͿǸ̫뿪ˣܼӭҹδϴŵǣ
ҹʦ½ˣ֪ԭ򡣡
ҹδͷʲôҲ֪ҲֻܹϢ
ǣһ춼ûϢҹδȥٰ꣬ҪӴõϢǴȴڼңҲڳϦҹصвãֱٽȥˣҲ֪κϢҲڼＱء
ҹδȥݷ˹ضͥӰҲڸУҲڳϦҹȥ˻ʹ
ˣ


338 빬
ҹδ֪һǳˣ򲻻ЩسˣһûϢҲζӦúûʲôϵ
ص˽㱻ܼ뵽˽һ棬㲵ʵ
δ룬ûдϢأ
ҹδҡҡͷ㽫ٵҲǳϦҹ˵˳Ȼ
϶ǳˣӦúشûйϵɩӣɴ߹طʲô飿
ûУҡͷӦòǱ߹ص飬ΪֹҴ£ʲҵµġ
ҹδɫһ
Ҳԣ
Ӧò㣬ѵ
ѵ飿
ҡͷ֪
ģûϢǺϢҹδ밲ο
ҹδҲΣǷżڼ䣬ҪСϢûеط
ȵ˵ϣ㵹ûлӰˡһҹδ͵
δ룬ߣ
Ķ
·˵
ӰҲ˵ֻࡣҹδ뵹Ҳˣ֪˵ȵҹδɫˣΪǻʹĴſڣס˽Ų
ʲô¶Ҫ˵ҿɾͲȥ˰
ӰȴСһ£Ȼѹȥ˵
ҹδ룬Ҳ˽ȥ߽˻ʹ̸ܹо½ŵգһֲѰĽţⲻҲ
ǻʵۼݱ˰ɣ
ʱӰѹδ룬ʹˡ
ʲôˣҹδһݣСʵ
ֹ
ֹ
ҹδ뾪ȵ۾Щ־壬ëһβ׵˳ż׵ٴܵͷͷƤ顣
ô˵ҹδҲһŮӣ䲻ֹԹſ־ġ
ǣҹδƽ
ƽٶȼ죡ΪˣԼֲûм
ԼķڻŽ⣬ţͻأ
ʱӰѹ˵»֪𣿡
ҹδҡͷӰ㽫»˵һ飬Ȼֵ⼸ǧ֪»ˮ˶ԩꡣҲһֱûзʲô飬»ԵɭһЩȴˡ
տʼʱֻǷֻʹڵĹŮ̫ˣһٺüʮ˵ã
ߵѰңȻ뵽ˣ᲻ȥ»Ͷɱ˰ȥ»˭֪һȥûӰ
ȵշȷʵЩ˶ʧ»ʧѾһˡ˱¡ȺȺȴް취ؼǣǸ»Ӱ컹ڲϵչѾռʹʮ֮һȥʹȥ˵۶ݽȥ
ʲôֻһʦ
ˣⲻڴҲûа취˾ͻȻˣȻֻǴʦҲǷ֮µһˣؼǣڷ԰㲹ȫ۴󻪻֪ôæءԣ˵ʲô˼أ
ҹδˣضͥҲûаԼ£ֻ§ݴӣ˳¶ԼܰæȻãﲻϣҲָ
±ģ̸ţվڻʹſڵǹͻȻ˽
硣
תͷһȴСŹ磬ʦѾˣ
ǹ⿴һһˣǸҲʶƷ˾һʦ㽫Ŀϣͷ
ţδոսȥôˣ
Ŷ̷ʦġ
ˣϽҽȥʱǸʦס˹һ˵
磬ҽȥ˰ǹһкҴ߽˻ʹ
һеҹδ룬Ӱӿ˽Ų»ķȥʵϣ»ԶҹδͿ˺ܶվ
곱ҹδ룬ûߵȺǰ̾͸о˲ͬ
һ䣡
Ȼ䣬䡣
ֹ
˾ҹδ뱻˹ضͥΧһЩƽʱķڣʱ飬ҹδ룬ضͥҲֻһ䣺
˵ˣ
Ӱ̵ͷ˵ˣ
УضͥҹδԼȥɣʲô뷨ֱҡ
Ȼ㲻ҹδ룬һ߿»ķһ߼ҵš
δ룬ͻʲô¶ԷԸȥ
ãȥæɡ
Ӱ뿪ˣҹδ»ķȥ˫ۣǰľ㷢˱仯ԭĽľģǱһ֣ҹδ֪ǽķһ㣬ء
ıԵȺ߻аҵľ룬ջĿ⣬ֿʼȺѰӰ


339 
ûмҲȥʱ򣬱ŲǱһˣ֣㼱æ˹ɫЩŵصʵ
ʦʲô¶ˣ
ҹδ㽫򵥵ظ˵һ飬ûʲôµġʦնҲҲûг²
ʦȥ
ã
˱뿪Ⱥ»ķȥһ˵Ŀ⡣ˣ󳼣е˾ʦʦǿҹδ룬ҲûгҹδȻʶȥȣҲΪҹδððʧʧһͷ֮ǶҹδҲû̫ڴô˵ҹδҲֻһʦԣǺܿ͸ջĿ⣬
ڴͬʱӲԶ߳һˣΪ׵̫ؿ㣬䣬طȻӡһ۾Ϳ»ҹδ룬ʵ뿪Ⱥҹδ̫ˡ
Ŷδˡ̫Ҳҹδ룺ģ
ҡͷƷ˾İɡ
ЩУҹδϤҲ㣬ؿطĻҲؽĿҹδ롣
ҹδͣʱѾվıԵ֪һ£㷢֣͵ʱ⵹ʱɽĻ곱ǲͬġ
곱֮Գ֮Ϊ곱ΪĻǻ纣Ҳ˵ĿһǡԵֵ곱ܼ򵥣Ǿɱǡڵҹδ룬ô죬ǵʵսġ
ǣǰȴǻ곱Ŀ֮һǶ㲻۵˫Ŀֻܹоһ˿˿䡣
⵹Ǻʶڵķһơ
̤̤̤
ҹδ˱Ųͷȥȴһڻ˹
δ룬ôʲôˣʵڻҲ˹
ҹδҡҡͷҲֻǼ򵥵غ˵˵Ļ˽⡣жݽȥˣ
̾ϢһǻʹڵĹŮ̫ʧһٶ࣬ƶݽȥˡһӾӪľʿԼһˣҲݽȥˡȻзʦʦȥ̽飬ȺҲʧ˶ʮʹԼݽȥٶʦһڣһǷڽȥҲûг
ʦҲûгҹδ뾪
ţյͷؼǣЩֵķΧڲϵչȥò˰ʱ䣬ʹᱻ档
ôݽȥģֱ»
⵹ǣҡͷǽ뵽ֵķΧ֮󣬾ͻ»ΪģתȦӣŻ뵽»ݴҷӦǽˣͨǽĽȥ˵ľ񣬵ǾĹ־ñʱ򣬲Żǽ뵽»
ҹδüͷһʶ뵽һ㣬һϸһ
һʲô취
һɫǸк׶Ը˵ģ»ڵǿھڼǧڲ֪˶ˣ˶ԩ꣬Щ໥ɣմǸѾ֪ǿʲôز
ֻ֮ǰʹѹţҳΪ
治Ǻ˵
ʹǰˮ죬󷨡ԹżǿѹЧǸʹˣǸʹûԪ
ǧԩȥˣʹѹʹͳɹˡ
ǣˣ
Ȼڱûɴر䶯ȴʵʵӰ쵽˻ʹĺȻ˻ʹԹѹ
һôһҹδˣ룬ʹûѹǸɼǸѾɳʲô̶ȣ
ʼż죬˶ٶ˵Ļǣûǿ󡣲ʵ
㲻Ƕ֣
˵ҳȥ
ⲻУ
ҹδϽҪýһ˿кܶ鷳
ʲô취ܹ𣿡
ڵΪûпӡѨ㿪ӡѨԽӡѨУȻͿԿ
Ǿûбİ취ˣ
룬ˣҼǵһҲƳǽЧҲֻƳǽЧǸûʲôЧ
ʱŲҹδȥǻʵ˳ɫЩ㲣ٺ֣һһԣҹδҲȺȥ
£һǰӦȲһ󣬽סɢ
ҹδ뿴ǸЩ죬Լڵһʿʱ򣬼ˡ˾˾ǧ


340 
ͷȻ˹ضͥ˾ʲô취
Ȳһ˲ܹԼܹƷ˾ĴӦÿЩ
ͷֻü͸һ˿Ǻһ˿ꡣ򵥵ؽ˼䣬ǧ͹ضͥ㿪ʼȥǧ׼ʦʦ󣬶ضͥʼ
ҹδʱȴͷһŴȻ㿴»ڵŨĺŨ˿־塣
ͬһ˵̫ˡ
ֲýһ˵Լûаա
һ˵ʹ᲻Ч
϶ЧǾжЧҪǸжǿȻҲҪĴжǿҲƷġ㻹һЩɡ
ҲֻܹƳٱǽԻ󣬶Ǹûɱ
ƳǽѾǺܴЧˣղ˵ǽȥˣȦӣǸĹƣʿľ񣬵ǵľ˥ʱ򣬾ͺױƣӹǽľ鷢Ȼټ¡
ҹδҲǣôʦһǸʦҪʦ֣ԼҲȷʵﲻʲôæҲܹСæ
»ڵĹϾ˼ǧ꣬˲֪ͬ࣬ǿʲôزԼǲҪǿˡ
Լǻд
ţ

ҹδνȺˣڷĶʱķڣ¶Զֻϸϸ˼һ֪һзڵĴ󻪣ûܹ
ǲз
ҹδĿһת㿴˴Ӱ˹ȥȥƷ˾󿴿
Ӱȥضͥ㱨һһƻݸҹδ
ԭΪ˱ܣǽˣ㲻ȥƣԽʹֻҪϣ鲻Ҫ˵ȥ
ǣף
Ӱվҹδߵ̺ʦ
ǣ塣
ҹδ뿪ˡ
һ۹жٶǼġ˾ʦѾʼлЩģߵ˾˾ǧԵ
䣬ܹס𣿡
ǧü֮˵ǻĴ󣬲Ĵ󡣱Ҳ֪Ĵֻе˲Ż᲼裬ǻֻǵڵļ򻯴ϣЧɡ
üͷŹض֣ͥضͥʵ
뿪Ǹҹδɣ
ǣ
ȥĶˣ
ȥƷ˾ˣӦҪӷҵķ
ôϴܹɱǸ𣿡
˵ضͥüͷؼڶǸû˿˽⡣ȥ˹ƶѾˣǵһֺǸ棬ʧˡʹǵڶֽ棬ʧܣҲϣܹ˽һЩǸ
ˣ£׽żΪԵֶΡµķǷʦʦܣǲݷ
΢˼һ±ҡͷҲ֪ǵȻΪʹ֮Э飬˫ڱ˴˵Ĺڽۺʵ˫ĹҲڱ˴˴ѹ
ܲ÷Ͳ÷ˣʦںδ
йʦȻҲйʦĹʦԴ£󻪵ĹʦȻԵԣضͥɿЦ
£ǹʦȻǻصˡ
ЩΣԴʹɣʵڲУȥѰ·ɡ
ضͥͷ³һֳ֮ɫЦ˵
ʹĿǣӦû⡣
ضͥһǣȥæŴˡ
ҹδŻʹȥٵĽŲ׷Լģͷȥ˾ȣԼܶ
Ҳˣ
˾ܵǰҹδʵԴӽǱ˾֮˾ͺƷ˾ҹδˡÿ¶ᰴʱıҹδ뵹֪϶оȥˡ
˾ƲƲҲױ˾ʲôͲ˾ó飬ˣҪȥĶ
ȥƷ˾󡣡
Ŷܸȥ𣿴̫ˡ
ҹδǲԣҪܡ㲻뿪ҵߣһʱҲøһ
У˾ἱæ˵Ͻ߰ɡ
ڣҹδ˳˻ʹֱƷ˾
δ룬ôʹǸЧ𣿡
ҹδ뽣һĻȻӦЧδоԵЧ
Ϊʲôͱ˵


341 
ҹδ뷭һۣ˵»𣿡
ҲǣֻһʦôʦأҾͷһ㣬ȻʦˣЩʦʲô
ҹδЦŵ֪ˡ
֪˾᲻֪𣿡
û뵽ȴǵͷҸʦ档
ˣҹδ뿴˾һۡ
˾ˣԭʦ档
б޵üë𣬲ûƻµݣӢɢɫһ죬ƿĿ⡣ҹδ
δ룬Ҫ˰취ҪƷ˾ϣ
ûУҹδҡͷȻ˵Ҫһ̣̫ͻȻһŵķѰܹܹǽԻķ
˾΢΢۾ҲܶУһҪѰƵķͼ䣬±ȾʦࡣԣҲʼڼѰܹƳǽķ
ˮƽȻֻһʦɲָŷʦ뷹ʦʲôƷķֻǵѰƵһֽǷڵķͼҲϸϸ˼һֱ߽Ʒ˾ĲҲûлʲôܹ
ʦҪʲôķҰһ߽㹧ʵ
ڴʦĲзҰɡҹδǲзķҲ׷Ч˾Ҳһ׼ˡ
˾ɫһǷЦݡ
԰
ǲзķҹδ뵽û˾벻ҹδļ
㵹еС
һ£ԸˡҹδǾ񡣱ЩڶأҹδضΪڣһֹڷڡ㼥
ҲзСܹȫзǻۡżбŷôһСܲȫзӵвȫзĴǻ𣿡
˵ȫͲȫΪ
û˵ֱ꣬˹ȥʦֲûвȫҲֹһ
˾һ㣬ʱҹδǲȫз
˷
ⲻ㲻֪һôࣿ
ҹδ뵭˵
˾һۣ˼㿴ʦϡúƽϣǾ콾ȣǾ콾Ǽٵİɣ
˾᲻ɿЦˡԭͲһ˵ӣƵشǰ߹˵
ƽϣ
񵱼ͱҭˣһˡԼҹδĵӣ˾ҹδǺߣǲͱԼ߳һ
һȥϷĲзˡ
ڷŲзһܣܷ㡣ҹδÿ˸㡣
ڼžԭǹ꣬Ѿҹ䣬ڳˣޱˡֻз鼮ɳɳûб
ʱڼžţԼʱ֮ͻȻϲؽһ
ʦ
ҹδе鼮Ѿ˹е鼮˹ҹδһȥ֪ҵӹ鼮
Ǽңҿз
ǣʦ
ԼʦаǱߵ˾ҲӼоԼڷ治ҹδ룬ܲܲҹδһӰɣ
ҹδ鼮һǰ£鼮ϣϸϸؿһ뵽ռڡ
ռڳѾѧû̻ǼⱾ鼮ĺ벿֣ǽʧûҵܹķ
ҹδȡֽʣʼ
񣡡
ʦڷ鼮תͷʦ
ȥһЩֽͷī
٣רѰҲзʱŷ֣ҹδǰѾڷ˸߸ߵһ
ʦȫзˣ
ţȥһǧŷֽӦķī
ǣʦϻʦҹδĴָͬʱתͷ˾üëȻŵŵɵˡ
˾ҲǴһûжðɣ
ȫ˲зһôࣿ
ǰҹδڻķʲô
ʹ
еĴʦϵʦһϳԴԴϵԴṩ£ڶҹʱڽɡͬʱƷ˾ѾеĴʦ˹˴Ĵʹ׷
󣡡ǧȵ
ˡ
һ̫һͬ۵Ĵ룬ҫ۵İ׹⣬»Ϊĵֳ档
ҫĿİ׹۶֮ĳ
ܶ˶ҫĿİ׹⾪ѣһ߳䣬Żʹķȥ
ʦʦ


342 
֪׹⣬ĻҹδҲ˷ʣŴǰȥƿ˴ݶķӭ洵һһ˻ʹķ
ˣ
֪ЧΣ˾
ʦȥɣ
Ҳã
ҹδǰõķ͹뿪Ʒ˾Żʹ۶ȥ
ʹ
Чɫһϲ
ǵҰУڴĹâ£׷׷ֽȴ
ضͥһӣ󣡡
ضͥԴ̤˴ÿжһߴ׷һ̤У㿪ʼͷŴʹ׷
ֽø죬ͬ˳һȥ

»ͻȻһĹХХֱ͸˵꣬˶·˱Щʦֶһ
䡭
ضֱͥӾԼķ˲ǹХڷʦӿٵؼһŴʹ׷
֮⡣
˻֣һĽŲһǧ˵ľ׼
䡭
ضͥŷʦϵ룬
̤̤̤
ҹδѾ뵽ʹȣ»ķܡ
ô󣡡񾪺
ҹδҲֳһ˿ȣҰУһ޴ͷŰ׹⣬ͬ۵ĴĴ󣬸ͬʱ֣һĳ
ô󣬺ðס
̤̤̤
˾ǰȥȱֱһʦ۴ϣڱ죬Ӣ
δ룬ûˡ
ϣˣ
ɳɳɳ
ڴǱеĹضͥȻܼŽ㿴һڳ˵棬ͬӿһϮ
Ǿһָ״ĺɫ׳档
ף
ضͥ󾪣׵һصļ׳棬ֻй֮زܹ棬ʳ龫ѪҼ׿ǼӲ
Сģ
ضͥһȻܼЩкȥ
䡭
һֻֻױ촷ۣǸļ׳û
ˣˣ
ضͥȻɫһ䡣ȴͻȻԱȹ׻ٶû˹
䡭
ȵҹδ˱˹ɫɺȻɫǿڣЩʦͣͷŴʹ׷ȴʧķֻתȦӡ
֣
ǽˣ
ڹضͥһû̫ģܹͷŵһ棬лŲٵķ˲ֵܹϮһܹɱΧĹףʱǡ˭֪һȾĹޣͷŲˣٷʦ֮ʱ
Ҫ֪г˼λ֮⣬ʣµĿɶǴʦ⼸Ʒ˾м͸߶һ򾡣Ǵ󻪵ʵ½
ȥݷʦʵ˴ҴҶȥ
ҹδͣݷʦܹɱ»еǲóͷˡȥҲֻܹƳǽǸûʲôЧȥƴ֪ˡ
ɽǰЩʿݷʦиĻܹһ֮ԣҲվȡ
δ룬Ϊβá
δ˾˵꣬ҹδѹ˾ʱ£
˾ҲǾ콾˲ˣͷϣݷʦֻܹǴ󻪵Ҫˡ
ҹδ΢΢üʦȻصˣûеӻʦֵڵ۶𣿡
ʦֻǵڵ۶סֻһˣûʦֵܣҲûеӡ
ֵû治ʱ򡣡
ݷʦڵ۶ոһ̶ӣ˻ʹǰҹδȥһֵĺУĴ飬˵ĸоȫˣÿһǴӶϼ
ǿݷʦҹδȻ
˾ЦǲǾÿݷʦһ֣Ӧһӣ
ҹδ벻εЦЦ
һߣǿݷʦһŴٸһߴŴڵ״
ʦ㿴ͻȻ˳ҹδ䣬ҹδĿⲻ˴ֳ֮ɫ
ڣѾӵ˴ıԵȻ˳ŴͬһŴȥ
ֻת˲䣬ԭͬһֻ۵Ľ״ϣͬϸܵѷ죬һһϴ󣬱ִڵɫϢʱ䣬ܲѵĴ롣
ã
ҹδиնһ졣
䡭
ˣӿ˹ʱʿΪվǰ棬˳ȥҹδ˵վ棬ܵӰСڴУҹδ˫ۣһ


343 һб
ıܵӰֻ棬ԴڵĹضͥûʲôӰ죬ֻǹضͥʧڹǽС
ͻȻһҹδתȥݷɣзͬʱ˫ӡбһ֣ǽ䣬Ϊһʮɽڿ»ȥ;֮УǽſУӿкܼķӡ·׹䣬ͬһꡣͬʱ̽һֻ޴Ľɫƣ»ȥ
ˡ
ĵŨΪһֻֻףշŷӡӭȥзĹХ
͡
ͷӡײͬʱΪɻңյһֻɫӡȴ޾ܣȥ
͡
»ԺеĹžУһĺǺһֻīĴ֣ǽɫӮȥ
䡭
һһֻײʹҡΣֺֻȻ顣
ۡ
ݷʦڱѪֵҡΣ˫ٴνӡһھѪ˽ıƿӡϣһƿڿݷʦС
ȥ
ǱƿշȥڿзŴƿڳ£ƿڴֳУԴԴϵ˱ƿ֮С
̫ˣ
ҹδо壬㽫˽һһԵδ룬ܲܽҿ
ҹδΧһȦ˵Ŀⶼݷɺļ͵͵˷ֻʱ򣬱÷ǳСȻѸײڶ֮ƣУֻǽһ¶֮⡣Ȼ򿪷֮ţǽһվſڣ
˻ǽһһҹδʶ𣺡δ룬δֶֻΣѾǹˡ
ݷɴù𣿡
䡭
ӹž̽һֻ֣һ߬ס˿бƿͽǱƿ飬ݷɴһ㵹˹ȥ
ܵˣ
ҹδ뵱Żʵȥʱضͥ˶ڹǽأҲҲԼ˾ֱֻ
£ҹδһţһߴӴȡܹƹǽȽ˾Ǿȳ
۾һ̶طߣٽǾȳ
ǣ
طӹ˷Ѹٵ·ȥ׷׼Źǽ˹ȥʱҹδ룬˾ҲԼһһ⣬˫֮У޹ǽԻ
ҹδֱضͥǹضͥǷͷһ䣬ҹδһС
ҹδҲӷӴͬʱӴ׷һԼͷһΪҲɱӹĹװ
ԣضͥҲ̫ˣȻͷţضͥȻǸͷŵȻͿһӰ˽
˾ߣ
δ룿ضͥвɻ㱣Լĵǰҹδ˵
㷢ֵʲôƣ
ҹδ뵱ʱһ㶣Ȼɢƣ˾Ҳȫһš
Ȼضͥоͱһŷ

з
ǰ˾ҹδˣģҹδҲ֪ҹδ뻹ᲹȫзҹδˡؼǵãҹδȥƷ˾ˣûкһӦʱ˻æһ˫
ǽʧˣ
ΧһУнһʦȥ²ԥҹδ˹ǽ
ǰҹδ룬ضͥ̾Ŷã
Ҳһʱɣҹδ뾹ȻȫûԼͽˡ
δ룬лл
ҹδҡҡͷҲܹﵽˣǸҪ˾ϡ
ףضͥͷܹƳ󲿷ֹƣʣµľƾʵӲƴˡôڣܹƴ
ⲻ֪Ҫ٣
ضͥ̾Ϣһ⡣
ҹδʱض֮ͥ
׼׵
ҹδȡֽݸ˹ضͥضͥѸٵؿһ飬ҹδ빰һ
δ룬л
ҹδ뼱ææң
ضͥŻʵȥҹδûԼʲô¶ˣžͺáʱʶдһ
δ룬ΧʱҲŽȥ
ΪΣҹδɫһҲ࣬ûҲ١
򵥣ԲǼǧ˱Ĺܹɳ˵زġοǻʹŻʹѹɢͲˣλܹɳ
˼ǣ
һб


344 »
ҹδһоϣã
УһֵȽȥʱ򣬶һЩ
⡭ҹδǣᱻֵġ
ѷڽ״ֵĿԽС
ʱɡ
ҹδȺȥȻϥڵϣΧвٷʦҲϥڵϣڴУǵĿɶ٣ʱڻָ
ҹδĵؽԼĽ״Ȼָһ¶һԿ档
һ̫ȥԷ극ҹδֱ뵽һڣʱʦضͥҲڡ
δ룬ֳ߻߽⡣ضͥ
ã
ҹδչ˽ѧģʽһ߽һ߻Щʦѧ֮󣬴ұ㿪ʼһ
һ죬ֵķΧʮҡ
ַΧ֮⣬ǧ˼
ǧ˵ǿʿҲǿķʦҹδҲվ˷ʦ֮Сȴû棬ѡ»ˣͱ׼Ĵʦǹȴҹδߣϲߡ
Ϊ׵һˣҹδ벻ʶط涼վԱߡһҹδʶ
Ǹеĵػ
ҹδ뵱ʱоһд˴ڣӦðȫ

ǵػߵͺһǧͬʱԼһȻ»ķͦ
ɳɳɳ
ɫĹͬһ»ķӿ˹
䡭
ҹδЩʦ֣İٶʦʿ룬Щʿ׷ͷŸֵЩҲࡣǧྫϸѡĸǰ൱Ĳ⻹Ǵûгֵ£ǸػĴ֣һ·֣ĿƵؽ»ķ
䡭
ٶȦӣֱ»ֻǲһӵʱ䣬ǧ˱»Ĵǰ
ػߺԥر̨̤ף˴ţǧѸٵؽ»ΧһǽͷݼǰԺΧܲ͸硣
ҹδ˹ض߽ͥ˴ţԺмžһڹž
ûйǽûӰ·֮ǰһΡ
֨ѽѽ
ضͥ˻Ȼתף»ĴŴˡ
޷Կ

ಡ
ƺӰӹ
ǵػ߻˻֣һСӣʮʿų̤̋ף߽ڣ߽˺ڰ
䡭
˼ҵֻֻǳ˲ӱָ˼žȥʮʿûһ
ߣ
ػһһֻ»ץ˹ȥ
бֳһֻ޴֣һѽ»߬Уֻſ̧
䡭
»رֻץ˰С
ಡ
ͬͱѣӰ»·ӵʿ˶ʿоһëһβ׵һ˳Ŵ׵ӵͷͷƤ顣
һƤеĴŹŮѣеĴ̫ѣеĴžʿѣеĴŷʦѡ
һƤӭͣȻͬһ㣬䣬ܼĹУɭɭ˿˻˻졣
ɱػʿһȴתעǸƤĿƵضǿڹž
䡭
һʿͷŵƤ˲նʮƤ
߿
ƤͻȻſ߿Хֱ͸꣬ҹδо·˱档嶼һɰһԼķʶڣԵסЩХɵͷԼĽ£ԼĽ¶һУǷڷ
ˡ
ʶڣҹδоһůĿɨȥһ䡣
˼󲿷ʿ״̬ܵ˹ХӰ죬ʿѾֳǱϮ£β

İУһʿЩʿڽԼѣеĿ־壬ɱƤǵбɱϾǾþɳʿٿЩʦͬˡ
˵ķʦҲǴʦÿʦ˱бڣ˹ХǵӰ죬ǵȴ¶ԵĿ־壬ʱһʿı£ԭء
ⲻҹδ̾ʱķʦѾȱʧսıܣΪֻƷļ˲šȫȻɽǸʱʦҲսľ֮һĿضͥȷڣǵǻ侲ֻȴŻżĿǸػȥڵȴǸ߷ʩ
ǸֻǶƽĹžһ


345 ػһ
ҹδоӦıǸЩʿǵػûзҲֻվԭصȴ
ǣĿ⿴طʱȴһ
طֱվȺ룬Ŀ侲ȫȻûһ˿壬ûһ˿־壬ͬһһ㡣Ȼ䣬ط濪ںȵ
зʦ

ҹδ³һȷѡͬʱҲΧеķʦһ˲Ĺǡ
͡
һŴ»ڹһƬ
־£ͷŴǡġƤ˺ЧҶʿҲȡȼն־Ч
ȻŴͷţЩƤ̱ЩƤð̣Ϊ͡ʿп־御ȥսȻնһֻֻƤΪ˷ĩɻҡ
»ڻָ˼žЧɢȥ߱ٴΰ˶ǿڹž

žûиҴһ˿ɣһ˿˿ŽţǺںڵľȻһȴ·һž޿ڣʱˡ
һϢϢϢʮϢ
žѹˮһÿû

ڼžͻȻӾдһ㰧ĸһ죬ҹδоһʹ
Ǹ·еĸȫ˳֪Լʮľһ֪Լļ˲ټ𽥵ľһ̱˳űѹƲסеİ˺;˶·Ҫ־г١
̫ˡ
˰ɡ
ͷȻɶƵظͷ
ˡ
ı쳣ǿһ˿ѡһ̱㽫лʶ
ˡ
عʶųЩҹδͬˮ˱ڴڵشŴˮ˲ʪ͸
ۡ
ҹδ뺧Ȼתͷʿͷʦ־г٣԰ΣȻɱˡ

Ǹػڿˡֱ͸ÿһ˵꣬·еÿ˾ѡ
͡
ԭûгٵǼž˴оҹδһѹĴʦٸк뵽֮ڡ
䡭
ӾһҫĿİɫǰĸΪһŭ߿Хһ˰׹⣬Ӿ̹ͬ
ǹ̻Ϊһװˣ˲þ޴߳ɣԶĻʵĿһ
Ůݺİ˵Ůǰʶϳһ·Ȼǻʺװ
ʷϣǸʺ󱻷Ϲ»
Ժٵ˼ţܿ˵ָͷڴʷϣֻʺϹǰŮĸ

ǸŮͻȻЦǸŮЦǰľˣǸ߰ɵŮʧˣЦҲúԶ֡
ǿڹžûк̣ûǹװŮӡ»
ԣ
Ծ
ҹδ뻷ĿĹˣӾһ䣬ë
»ؼǵãǰã»ǸػظڰиˣǴʱ»ȴǺش
ƮźԶֵЦҹδûиоʡΧʿЩʦϵļⶼżŤƺڵֿʲô
֮ˡػ߿ڵᣬȴشÿ˵ĶС
ϣô죿ضͥʵ
׼ô׷һǸһͷš
ҹδѸٵȡ˴׷ֻЩԻ뵽֮УȫǸŮ
ϣ
ͷû£ϰγ˳ſն˳ȥ
һ̣ǱϱҫĿĻ⣬һ޴Ľſնȥҹձ˺һ޴Ŀӣҹδǵҹգ·һĻڱ˺˲䣬͸Ǿ޴ĿӣĻ磬ҲǸ޴ĹװŮӡ
͡
Ŵ׷һ˲˳ȥ
䡭
ٵһγһƬ׺ǸװŮϡǹװŮðڵḷ́ɸߵۿɼٶСзĹХҹδǵҹĻŤȻһ飬ֳʵ硣
͡
ϷԸٷʦ˿ͣأһŽһŴ׷ǸŮЩŷķڣֱͷŴ
䡭
ܼǸŮϣŮȻſڷһ߿ХĿĹ꣬·ҹδ˸


346 Ѱ
ϡ
ϴ̳һһֻ̳ӰͬһӣܼĹȥͬʱǧʿҲͷųԼĵƾѧ
ʱ䣬»Ժڣͬǧ滨ֵֻԻͣɸߴŮкȥ
һŮѾСʮɣʼЩ͸
顱һ˺̣˹ž֮С
Ϻһ
͡
Ŵӽ˹ž֮СһҫĿĹֱ
Ӻǹɢ

Ͽֻ³һ֣һԾ˹ž֮УȻһӰ㲻ԥ˽ȥҹδҲ˽ȥ
ͨͨ
ϵˮҹδžе˲䣬Լͷһһݰ棬ˮ׹䡣ɨܣΧһݣһǱȥҹδ
׼ͷضͥÿһ˵ĶС
ҹδоһݣˮһͷǿ޲𹥻ͷˣҲܹ
ǣͷɾʧȥһơ
ǸŮ
ҹδѸٵؼ˷ֽԼУʶʵ
һô죿
ٶͷżһҲ͸¶ֽš
ҹδ뼱æͷŷһ㴫˹
ԾﲻԾ
ôҹδʵ
ôŨ
ǧӦ˲˰ɣ
һҲôŨǧһھһ𣿡
һôһ˵ҹδҲоŨиӾ裬С
ûв´ĻӦһȻľ֮ءû뵽ž֮£Ȼж죬һºӣһһʺϹĵط
ԣ
ǲԣ
Ǿ֮أҲӦŨаȣżִ

Զˮϵÿһ˵ĶС
ӭУ
ҹδĿȥĺӰ˷

ЩӰӰһ㣬ٶȼΪ٣һʿһӰӲסǸʿӶԱߵʿȥ
Ǹʿˣ
ϡ
ˮ¶ʱңʿ໥
͡
һֹڵˮ磬ӰӼʿĺ󱳱ײ˳ȥǼʿָ
͡
ҹδȷʦ׷׼ˮ磬ҹδ˿ЩӰһֻֻ
䡭
ǰԶһ޴ĺˮƶȻüأҹδζɱƵ󷭹
ϺǸŮˣ
ÿҹδоͬʱиʵڸͰﲻϵæϺǸŮʵȥ˫ܹɱΨһܹæľǽΧЩɱ
ô룬еʿˡ
ʦǲͣͷһŴЩʿڴĸ£ʼɱЩӰܿռϷ硣ǴԶһ죬ǿƵˮˣ˶֪ϺǸŮֹۡ
Ůս
δ룬Ҹоһ˿ϢһͻȻҹδʶС

ԣǶЧıȥѰɡ
Ѱ
ҹδ뿴һȦһˡȻʱΪսĻңҴӾʱǾڵƣҲֻܹһȻͲγս󡣴ʱҶֵúܿ죬˴Ų̵ľ룬ԼҪ͵͵뿪սʲᱻ֡
˵ʵֻҪ³ǱˣҲᱻΪԼɱˡʱʿռϷ硣ҹδһ࣬һ١
ǣϾսһǹ˭֪ǲǾЩ
Լһ뿪һһȺ

ֻԼﻹڣ
ѵðһȴڹƻһֳʤǷǸҲԵ㲻Ҫ£ڣЩṥ㡣
ṥң
ԣù֣ϱ˹ζЩע⵽㡣
ҹδҲһ侲֮ˣͷֻͷһ£һźӵ׳ȥ
ͷŴ˺ڰ֮Сڼսˣûע⵽ġ
ӷһ˳ҹδ룬ҹδ˲ΧɭΪһ壬ڽһָ£һȥ
һϺǸŮսķ򡣡
ߣߣ
ҹδһȦȻֱֱһȥʱϺǸŮսѾ˦˺档
һΣһĿĹˣӵ׵ꡣЩһĸо


347 ̫
һǲЩ⣿
ԣЩ깹˾֮أҲΪɾ֮صǵͰ꣬Ǿɽ֮صƷܵ͡Ҳ˵Ũضб
쵽ˣ
Ѿܹŵζˡ
ӺҹδվһںĶǰ
ҹδľ˳ɽ˽ȥανɽ
һɽȻܹѾŨóֳɫīһ㣬ԽԽŨĿѾΧֻоܹ̽Χڸʴŵľ
϶бһϲ죬죡
ҹδȴûг嶯еķͷϣŴ˷ǷŴķٶȻīɫļͷϵķۣͷγһīɫС
ҹδʼձͷųȻͷľϵظʦĺܴ󡣵ʱȴܽʡͳһϹ
ռڣ񣬵Ҳ¡ܵؽӳȥܿǸŮϳɲ˿Ĵ⡣
ǰнףҹδȻס˽Ųɫ䣬ľɽǹХҡ
ˡ
ʶڣռҹδоԼһ壬֮ûʲô
ǣЩܼʶڵռٴЩٴʧ
ҹδջ˾ţ˼
þ
ӦǾЩĻþ֮ԸսɽʱûУΪŨԼѾ뵽ﵽʱٽ㣬ԲŻӰԼľԼ˻þ
ҹδ벻ٽӳȥǽԼ˫ۣȻĿ㴩͸īԶ
˵ЧȻûоźãòԶΪ޷ʴľܹͨŵľֱӸþ
СǰУǰʮףþٴϮ²ǾţŨҲþ
ˡ
ҹδʶڵռ仺ͣתǰĻþʧ
һվڷſڣˬöֱ£Ũ֮ʵԴԴϵأͬ뺣һӿ˷ĵһ㡣
ǰвףҹδͣǰ治ʮ׵ĵطһžžԲΣʱ泯ڵϣ˷ͣžӿȥ
̫ʶȻ˽һľȡ
̫ʲôҹδʵ
Ӧ뵽̫Ҳֻ̫ܹ
𣿡
Ҳ̫һؼƷķ
ʲôЧ
ǲǣ̫ͲģǶ˻ǡ
˻ǣ
ԣ㽫̫֮󣬵ʱһܹ˻ǣǸ˶ã㿳ɱ
ҹδһоһ󼤶ⲻ޵ֻҪ̫˻񿳹вˣ
ôף˵п̫ķûУ̫Ҳ޵еģǺʿΪйصġΪƵģֻ̫ܹסһ󾳽ʿ
ȷҲֻܹסʿٸͶסˡұҲҪеΪΪԽߣ㶨סʱԽ̡
Ҳ˲ˣҹδٲ澵ȥҲֻһͣ԰Ȼ̫ôǸŮΪʲôã
òˡѾʧȥ壬û壬һ޸ƯƼκηˣȻ޷ʹ÷
ֻû뵽̫Ч֮ǰһǲ֪
Ҳǣ
̫ԭԻǵģȻܹʧȥ̫֮޷ͷŶ˻ǵĹЧȴԴԴϵһѵĹľ֮ءֲǸŮɳΪ
ǸŮﵱˡ
ǸŮսǲǾͿˣǲǿȡ̫
˵һ˼ŵŮ޷̫Խǰһƣ̫ڿҡ
ҹδɫһݣɲʶԼŮĶ֡һҲΪѣ²ȻֻһƻǣʵǸŮҹδ벻Ƕ֡ǱڸǰȡⲻǴԵ
ҡһֵŮһƻ̫ڣһǸ̫ǸŮͻ֪ػܻɽС
⻹治Ҷˣ
Ҳδأһ˼ŵǿԵȣһǸŮˣǿԼ˱˾ܡ


348 ɱ
ĶǱ˰ûǸŮ̫ڵĻǣҲԸ˰
ҲǣһҲü
ˡ
ҹδͷϵķŨӿ̫һ֡ҹδͽһô̫˭ǵ÷¶
˵ýһ¶ˣǸŮǷһƻ̫пҡʱǸŮֻо̫ϱһֻ۾»ˣȻͿҹδ룬б¶˾ϲ
ҹδΪʳ
ţ
ŮתתȻһͷ
Լռ˵壬ɹĻǿԸ
ʱ̫ȥã
ο౻
˻ʯ
̫һɺðŮķֻ꣬ʮ׵ľ룬˲Ϣ͵ʵǿҹδ̫࣬ҹδûзӦͱŮķֻײʶ
δ롭һ֪ؾС
ಡ
һԾؿҹδ̫˹ȥ
ôܣ
ôǿŮֻꡭ
ѵδѾŮˣ
Ҳܰ
겻ô찡
⼸ͷ˲䣬ҹδѾһץǸ̫ս˴ָֽջʶѸٵɽȥͬʱֳһʶ뵽ռڣǸŮڰţѸٵɢռֽ⡣
ԭǸŮոײҹδʶͱռսȥˡҹδ뵱ͷˣֻҪռսȥĶûаŲ˵ġԣĶʮѸ٣ǰ̫ܡ
µں͵ػǸŮɱ

ǸŮɱХ֪ǸŮӦԼ߷سԼϣԼͷ˱ˮзͬһһɽȥ
ǸŮϵطϣһӰɽķѸطȥ
Ȼ֪ʲô¶ôŮߣ
ǸŮһ㣬һ򣬽ǸŮ档ǸŮعХţڹĴײ
ȴǹĻڡ
ǡ
ǹĻϳ˹ѣϵÿʿĶ
Χ
ʱڵºеĹӰѾʿɱ˴룬ʣ²ٶ̱࣬дʿʼǸΧ˹
飡
˲䣬ĹʹǸŮǶȥȻĹϡ
䡭
Ů˥ӣÿһ߶ᱻϵȻһɱһеһ˲ȴȫ⡣
ο
ʱŮΧŽǧʿͷʦÿһʿ߷ʦǸŮĶ֣˺Ҳ΢΢ǽǧĹΪһʱǹͲһˡ
ЧľЩʦʿǵҲܲǺһǲҪģֻǶЩʿ󣬲ͣӴͿˡÿŮҪʿ˺
䡭
ܼĺУҹδӰԶ˹
ʱºΧŮͣͷŴ˴̫ͬһ˴ԽĵطԵԽڰοʱ˵ľǸŮϣﻹ˹עҹδ룿
ҹδȻǱһȺʦ뵽УȻɿؼһŴǸŮ
Ů
ֻŮˣųûк󻼡Ůˣ˭֪̫ʲô᲻ҵԼ
ԣҹδǱ󱬷ľҪЩʦ̫࣬Ҫ֪ľǷڣһؾ硣
һӺ
ǸŮڳ׻ɢһƮˮУһץ㽫ǸץУ
Χʿжһ˿Ľ
һּߵԴҲƷһԴǲһֲϡ
ҹδһ֪ԼûΣˡ

һ֪̫лûŮذ֣
ǸռɵķֻǲŮȫ
ʶֳһƽ뵽ռ䣬ǸŮֻѾʧˣΪ˾׼ľռǾ޴ľ֮С
ջ˾㿴Ų̫ǸɽˮȥĿһûгԾϻᷢǸ
һ棬ǸŮǸϵôܿ
һ棬ǸŨߣڱҹδ̫ǸŨҲôɢȥ
ҹδڵģϻ᲻ᷢԼȥ
ᣡ
ҹδ˼Ƭ̣òᡣ


349 ׵
ǵºӣˮļԼһۼζҲˮˢʧˡ
ֻлǵģϾǵػʿ˽Ǹʿ᲻˽ܣ
䡭
ҿʼɢʣ޼ĹӰܿͽЩӰնɱһգضͥȴɽķˮȥҹδʿЩӰ֮Ҳ˳ŷȥҹδҲ֮С
ΪǿǸɽһɽڷˮĿȻɨˣһ˦Ϸȥ
ҹδȻһȻǵɨĿȴͬһ㡣

ضͥҲ׷׼ȥҹδ˽
ಡ
һӰӹž˳
ʦҹδû£˵˹
δ롭
Ҳ˹ҹδ΢΢ҡҡͷ͡ڵºӵʱ򣬺͹ӰУֻһ񣬱ʧȥҹδӰֱڻص˵ϣſҹδ룬һҪҹδڵºȥĶˣҹδҡͷǵرֻͣиӺ档
Ϻ͹ضͥǧȥ
ʱվϼ̨ϣֵƽĹâϣУϵߵ̨֮ϣʩ
£Ȳʹ
ԽԽʢ˻ʹĺڰٹٺʿ̨ϵȥ
ʱͬ⣬ųõЦݡ
ĵϲá
Ǵ󻪵ʤʤ
ʦʿȥˣݷˣԴ󻪱ûи߸ϵ룬ȡһʤ
Ȼ
Ŀɨ·ʿǧʿֻǧͷڸǲе˷ܡ
λˡ˵˼֣һ̣ƺһ˵鶼
Ҳһ̣оԼͻ۶һ˿
ر£ٹٴκص
ͷϵЦݸӲãûеİ£նɱŮԼϣͻƵ۶
˫ϲţ
λңǵĹ޲ǡ䡣
ڣٳС
֮½ڸ󡣡
ּ
ҲˣԻȥϢɣպްף
£
׼ɢȥ֮£ȴθ˳б࣡
ЩᣬǱ΢Ц䣬б
£»ֹ֮£ӦֻһѵĿˡ
һͦ˵ģⲻ
һѵĿˣ
ǲһҪ˵󻪳Ҫˣ
£ⲻǳΣ±ضйءԳ˵ֻһѵĿˡ
вһòʶ˵еδѡ
˼ǣ
£ʹе֮ѹִ˵飬οط
ҲڲõĽĴħ֣ȻѾɳѲķǴҲӦԼӦԡ
Ӧԣ
ͷ˵նӻŮӵбµѪͳҲȻӵлҵˡÿӻŮһܹ޶ȵѹħ֡
̫ӵһ˿⣬΢΢˿еɫ
â̫һۣȻջĿ⣺顣
¡
ˣ
̨ף߹
㡭߳ȺʱͻȻҹδ룬ס˽Ų˸һ£
ҹʦɣ
ǣ£ҹδ빰Ϊ

䣬ȥҹδǹʾⲻҪԼٲ
鷿
ҹδһϣ΢΢ûȥ鰸´ҹδ룬Ȼ˻֣鷿ڵ̫˳ȥŹϡ
ҹδ롣ûҹδϣĸ׽ҹǱڴ顣ĸһСΪҹӥСӡǺþһУһС͵޳ҹǱˣֻͩԶҲһ˶ۣһ˶Ŀ
˱ҵĺȥ˰ɽǣһϱ䵱УӡСһӣҹδ롣
ҹδû˿Ծû̧һ£Ϊ󻪵ĻʵۣҪһ׵ѡҲûҪ
ҹδĳһ˿ͣĶ㣬ĸ磬ȥɽ󣬵Ƿɽʧ֮ȴûгĴɱ˵ͬţ񱻵ͨ
˵ûɣ


350 £
ûҹδ
֪ҰžϢ˵һʲô𣿡
ҹδ̧ƽǺû档ľǵǨŭңõľǵ£Ǩŭˡ
˵òͷҿԸ㣬ǲǨŭˡǵٵĸףᡣ𣿡
⣡ҹδƽˣɥʧǡ
ͺãдһ˿ѹȣǻۣӦ֪֪ݵӦм̫ӡ
ҹδͷ
޿·ڴ󻪣û˸Υ޵̫Ҳҡ޿õ֪žĹϵ
ҹδоѹȣⲻһʿѹȣһ־ϵѹȣһ޷Լ˵ѹȣһʹԼƽ

ܣ֪𣿡дƿһС
֪
޸
ʲôҹδ¶𾪣Űꡣ
ʮһСʮֻǴʮ꣬𣿡˵
ҹδٴʹԼ侲Ѹٵ˼
ʵ۶̫ӶֵӲԶˣǻʵҲ֪Ҫ̫ӣҪ档һ棬ǱɣվڵµƸߵϡ򣬰ٹٲӦܹ̫ӱƷ
һ棬Ǳ㹻㹻浱̫ǰ׳գ
ǻʵ³ɷ̫ӣؿطأ
ٹأ
ǿԼǱԼһܹΪڣһڵڴѾˡһԼĹϵҲܹĸܡ
Լܾܾ
ܣ
һܾ̱ὫԼץΣȻ֪ͨеĵ
Ҫ侲
ȻӵеǱǾе̸
ҹδͻȻڵ
ʲôһ㣬ȫû뵽ҹδ᲻ͬ⣬һССĴʦԼ޸ܣҲ̧ɫһ
ôСʮ䲻㣿
ûйϵҹδ΢΢ҡͷ£Ӧ֪һֱʲôҪ飬ĶνҲǿԳΪҽ׵ĳ룬ҵ
ĬȻȻ֪ҹδһֱʲôҹδһֱѰļˡҹδ뻰˵úӲ
ںԼںԼںֻԼļˡ
ҹδввȾͺܲҹδļϢֱץסҹδļˣǸвȲŹ
ֲ˵
ֵڡ
ҪҼ˵ϢϢҪ֤ݡȷеϢ޸ܣû⡣
ãͷ㣬Ҫܶ׽
ҹδüͷģڻϢ֮ǰ޸ܵϢ㡣ֻĽ
ҹδ˼Ƭ̵ͷã
֮ϣ
ҹδ߳˻ʹǹڴűߵǽ£Ҳɶʵ
ô
վⲻǵ𣿡
ЩӻŮû¶ˣ
¶Ҳܲˣ˭ҹ¼ҹأ̾Ϣһ
ҹδ㲢ǰ棬ǹ˺档
Щֵܽöæȥˣ
ܲæ𣿴θͷӰ̫ˣǿǴθ
ôɵţ
ô˵Щԥջʵʲô
ȥ˵ɡ

ʲôҸ޸Сʮţ𣿡
˵仰ͻȻȥ㣬ҹδ룬ǹ񶼲˵ҹδûʲô˵ģǹ𾪵ò֪˵ʲô
̫統ƶӴб䵽⽥̣ŴȥôڵĹ߽رð
δ롭Ҹʡ
죬ɬ˵˼֣ȻĿǹǹվȥŹϣȻ˾̨ϣһﲻ
ڡ
˫ֳ˰ˣδ룬ҸҪԴ綯𣿡
ǣҲǡҹδһ·ҲѾˣ̫ӵ֪Щ֮ҲӦûܿס
ֻ̫ӻô
ʲô˼Ŀҹδϡ
֧ϳ̫ˣЩϳǵ㸸ʵϳ֮ӵеĵλյȨ㸸ҲҪɵԣ㸸ʲԵɵض֣Щϳǿҵķ˵Ҳǵԭ򡣡
ǡ˼ʽ޸СʮŵϢȥ֮󣬱ҪһźţλСʮŵģͱˡ
ˣôģ
Ȼ𾪵ҹδ룺ᷴ


351 ɰ
ҹδǽļ֮µĻӻŮǿеذܵϡѾڸ磬㸸ʵ˼
ЩĻӻŮȴɶȷ˵ֻǹ¹شڸûһ˽˸飬ûб¶һҪܣΪĺۼƽʱΪѧĲ棬ѵƵġһΪ˼
̫Ȼ㸸ʸԣ㸸ʰܵߡֻһʼЩĻӻŮߵˣ㸸ʶԸֶΣܵߡ
ʱ򣬾ɱֳûвյ˼ûиܵͷ
ǣ˭ţ
̫ӻط
ǽ˶͵ܵߣȻǱȴֵԶܣǰ̫ǵɵ
¾̫ǵǻۣʶ㸸ʵļıǸҷ𣿡
ҹδ۾㸸ʺ̫ӵĶѾ޷ˣеһ¡õµĻ˭
ǡǻʼҵ飬޹أôҺ㡭
ûйϵ㸸ʲܷŹһô󻪷һˣ˻ǳпĹлõһ
һˣ޸ܣܴӰͶӰ˼뵽ܵΧһͻƵڣ
ҷҪл㣬û㣬ҵȲڳͱ磬ֶ߲εˡҲ֪ңǲǻʼЩ¶еġˣǸʱһûôҲûеĹ֮ǰû˸Ҷҵֻͷˡ
Ϊ㻤ңҲܹڳ֮ǰһƽ
ǡĴӦ޸Сʮţ
ûʲôܴӦġҹδɫƽƽǱĺ棬ûһ˿ֻҪ㸸ܹҵҵļˡ
ֵ𣿡㶢ҹδ롣
ֵã㲻֪ҵļ˶ζʲôûҵļˣˡΪҵļˣҿԸһС
ҹδվش磬Ҳʺסˡ
δ롭ɫ󼱣Ҳվ
˵ҹδֹס㣺ҼסһҲòܣ㽫ѣΣա
Ҳ£
µ¶Ǳ˰һ˶˷ֿͻ͸
ԭһơ
ֿһɰ
һῪʼѰס¶ҵġ
˼Ƭ̣ͷã
ƿҹδ˳ȥǹվĿҹδ룬վڴڣе㡣
߰ɣҹδ̧̨ףǹæ
񡣡
ʦ
ȥҴһ£ڵ۶һլӡһ

𣿡
ˣ
δ룬ôˣǹ¶С
ҹδ̨ףס˽Ų̧ͷա
У̫ѾʧˣڱΡ
Ҷҡɳɳ졣
ˣ
ҹδ̾һ
صԼĶԺҹδ߽䣬ϣһʶ뵽һ㡣
룡
һ̫ʱŨڵһ㷭ҹδоһֽ뵽䡣
ˬˬ
ѰȥһڴڴҲһ˿ʵ
һãҹδ˹ȥţҲ
дãҵʵӿָʵָˣܹﵽˡһЦòãֻȴҹδһֹɭɭĸо
ҡҡͷҹδ뾫ӿ
Ȼˣ
֪ЩŽ³
ﲻ̫ҹδ뿪˵һ㣬˵ڶ㡣
ˣ
ڶϿգƮһǧûԷͬһſǳһڿ˸
ȥտҲԺһĵ棬ȻҲһ˿صסǴʱڶĽ£ȴһյĸо
ôܹõڶҲдصĸо
룬ûð취˵㣬ĵ͵ڶһûʲôҹδӷڳĿԼĴָС
̫룬ҹδûиóһ̫ڻŮķһҲϸӦȻòܣǶڵػĴʿǱųֵľ衣
ǹЩ˵ɡ
ա
ҹδ޸޸һűƿ˽ҹδ޸Լƽߵһ¡
ǹ㣬΢΢ҡͷ


352 ɱ
ҹδ·ûи֪һУɫƽȶٵ޸˷Ǹ޸ʿ뿪ҹδ㣺
ʲô¶ˣ
δ룬ʱչأ̫Ӽ
ҹδüëһ£ⲻǵһΣʲô桭
ҹδɫȻһ

ⲻ̫ӵһμڵľƲͬ
ԣʵѾ̫ͷźţҪ̫ӡʱ̫Ӽ
⾿ǻʵȷʵͻƵٽ㣬Ҫչأǻʵڸ̫췴Ļ᣿
ô죿ҹδ롣
裡ҹδĬƬ̵ǿžһ££Լ̬ȡش磬ûʵ뵽鵱Уһ롭
ǣ֪Ǽ̬ȣȴδؾͲղ˵ģûʵǲҶδܵˡ
Ҫǿʵϣδʤ֮ǰشӦûΣա㸸ʣ̫ӣһˡ㱣Ǿͻῴ㡣ֱֳʤǸʱΣյĿʼ
˼ʤˣǾͷ̫ʤˣһС˵
ǣȻʵпᣬҹδ뻹ǵͷ
ˣվΪЩԶղȤĻӻŮˣδ룬㾡ȥɡ
ҹδĵͷΪӵ㣬ԶղȤҲûһ׼ΪǻӣΪҪԱ
˽㰵﾿жʵҲ롣ǣҪİæҲ᲻İæ
ڵķֿ˸
뿪ˣҹδʼ޸˼ˡ
ʦҿլӣʲôʱȥ
ھȥ
ҹδվǹӰһͬʱվ
һ졣
ҹδ뿴լӣȸѡһլӡլȻȽС˺ܶ࣬ȴҲʹеӵеլӲࡣ
ҹδûôʯ֧ȻҵĻӭԭеĻϣָ˾ۡ
ʹ
Ǳ
ʵ۱չ֮
Ǳĵ¡
ĵͨվһͨľͷһȴŽرաڴŵ࣬վһ̬ӵ̫ࡣ
ڡ
ĸ䣬ϥһ̫ۣ࣬·˯һ㣬Ǻš
ڷ룬һ󣬾ǶƷʯھ룬ϥһһơ
Χŵâǵϣڳ۶ľ硣
ҹδ뵱ס˹լѡլӰ˳£װޡֻլӺܿգֻҹδǹˡ
ҹδǹ⼸ȥһЩūͺѾߣԼڲ
ܹѡ䣬һ䲼һһǸԼõģһǸǹõġ˵ҹδڵΪѾֻʣѨϾʹﵽ۷壬ǹԴӲȱԴ˵쾭֮Ҳڶ̶̵ʱͻƵڡ
ҹδԼĹ֮ǰﵽ۷壬Ǿû⣬ǲ֪ܴܲﵽԪľ硣ǹ⣬ҹδҲ֮ǰﵽû⡣
ʱ䡣
ҹδ뽫ϣǹҲūͺѾߡ
磬Щ˵ʶֵ𣿡ں԰Уҹδʵ
У⹺һܼҡǳ͢һԱеĹܼңǸԱˣԾͶץˡ
У۲һ£εĻԺҹĹܼҡ㻹ǰѾϣЩ½һεĹܼҡ
ף
ҹδ뽻ǹ㲻ٹˣϡһ¹ȥζѾúܵˣһһ죬ҹδͨƷʦĿˡҲֻǲһѨϣܹ״ͨ
󻪵кƽȣ̫Ӽѭ浸أһѭƶĹȫһĻӣĴӦģҲûͷ֮£·ڹصʹһ̫ӵı֣أٹ黹ʵۡ
Ǳ
ۡ
ͻȻſһѪίڵϡ
£
ĸϥŵ̫Żˣϥƶı䣬һƮΧ
һְ̫ϣɫ̱ʮѿ
££һְֻǰأԴԴϵͽȥкš
롭ʦ˵֣ͷһᣬ˹ȥ
̫վȥʦչ˺ñ¡
ǣ
Ǹ̫Ҵȥ
ҹ
һӰͻأس̫ǰ


353 
£ҴҴǱڳԼӣ͹ʦصǱ
̫µ־һ٣Ȼӣʦ뿪֮߹¡
ǸӰʧˡ
̫Ӽ£Ϣ֮˱ʣӿӱϣ۾
죬۾
ʣǳ𣿡
ʱǸӰֳ̫ӵǰ̧̫
£ʦ뿪ˡ
أ
ûг֡
̫Ӱڰ֣ǸӰʧ̫ߵ˴ǰƿ˴˴⡣µĴķҷƮһ
Ͷվ죬ֹ˴
ˣ
һӰ󣺡£

ʦ
ʦԵʿʮ۶ΪʱԼѵҩ԰Уųͷݣϵɫϲ
ԴҹȥǱ֮ѾȥˣҲûȥҲûнϢй¶ֺ
̤̤
һŲһͯͯӲĵӣֻǴġ
үƹ۵Ĺ
ƫеҡ
ǣ
ͯתȥʦϸĵسȥһݣŷ˳ͷ뿪ҩ԰
ƫ
ʦ˽һų׵ʿʦ߽æվʩ
ʦ
ƹôУϷˣ
ʦյϢСɽ˶ֻǶ󷨱ûд򿪡˵Ѿвʿȥˡ
󷨱
ʦ۾һһĶһʿǲȤģ󷨱ĶͲͬˡվ
ߣ
ƹ۾ҲѸٵ뿪˹ʦ뿪˵۶Сɽ۶ȥ
ҹ
̤̤̤
һӰȸϣһۣһǽҲǰɫģҹĻи̧ۣͷһ۲ԶĻʹʧҹĻС
Ǳ
ǰһûһĹ㳡ûܹԼǱǱ
ʱǱĴǰŶʮʿվڻ谵ĵƹ£ͬһ㣬һ
Ȼ䣬ʮʿˣǵԴһתȥǵҰУһۣɫʵˣ
£
ǿǸʿһ˲䣬ǵͷֳ˵֡
£ݴ֪Ϊη˵ͨڵžһ㡣ʮͨеʿ׷ɱûɱ˰£ɱ߸ʿ
ʹʲô
ϣ
ʮʿ˲γ˱ϱýš
ʱˣǵıǱʵ۾ǱУ˰µĿĻ
ϣ
һĽҹǰ·ְγ˱ǰɫڵĳǳȻҲͨף¹£ɢ͵⡣
Ǳֱ޳Ľ͵ɫâ˸оɱһС
ˣ
˶ʮʿͷʮʿĺᶼ䶯
˵У¾Ϊ˵ʿʵ
¡
Ϊ׵ʿ̤ǰһոպȳ֣еİº˾ͱģһģ
ॡ
ʮʿеĳڵϣҹɫÿһʿʺһ죬һ˲Ϣ
ۡ
ͬһʱѪ
̤
ʱİѾվ̨£Ŷʮʿ̨̤ס
ͨ
ʮʿԵڵϣͨͬʱƿ˴ţӰͬ¹һк˽ȥ
д̿ͣ
ڵϵ˻ʹڵʹһӶʿȥѶʿӰҹ½֯
ϡ
죬ǲĽŲڰµӰ֮ͨ˸ʿԵڵϣ濪ʼȾ졣
̤̤̤
̤ͨڰлһ˿˿⣬ÿһ˿ⶼһ
ͨͷĴԣϥ̫վӭŰ³˹ȥ
ͨͨ
ѾվͨͷĴǰѾûһվţ˵ϣʧȥϢ
ְ˴ϣȻһ
䡭
ͬСɽײҵҵײ
͡
ıӴڴ˳֯ȫ档
ˡ
˴˳ȥڰ𵴣һ˲𵴳ٸ⣬绨Žأһײϣ֯Ľ飬µӰһĸ̫ŵ浹ȥµӰȴû˿ͣͣͬһĨ¹һ㣬ϥھе˹ȥ
ۡ


354 
˴͸ǰأǰһֱƽɫȴǴ䡣̵࣬Ǵʱȴᴩأصࡣ
飡
һֻĻڰµϡ
ۡ
¿һѪεɶڰһۣѪĿȴض
飡
ڵ˲䣬żڵһ㣬ܳ˴ţͬһĨ¹ͨкȥ
̤̤̤
Լӵʱ䣬һŲ̫ӽ
ʣ
̫ӵӰ˽ĻкһȺˡ
ؿ߻ط棬׸٣θ㣬м͢س
ۡ
ڱѪĿƵ˫ʼðź浹ȥ
ʦ̫ҽ̫һӵԣָϡ
̤̤̤
ͨнŲپתͷȥʺʹ̫֣λż˽

ԡѪʺ󾪽һϡ
̫ɿ֣Ѹٵȡһ˷ͷţȻȡһŵҩĿС
㸸ʡʺ֣εĲ£ΡΡԡ
̫ӵü両Ž꣺أˣ֮ǰʵƺ⡣
ؿطһһңԽָϣ˵ɫԽԽء
ȸϵ̫ҽ̫ҽûд˿ڣضͥŷҽˡԼӺ󣬹ضͥɫص
ʺ̫ӵ£µĽ˲Ǳ֮ǰѾ⣬ӦǱչʱ򣬳˲尾ϳ޲ߡ֮ڱµڡ
֮ܽ𣿡̫Ӽʵ
ضͥҡͷԭ֮Ҳǲܣ֮ʮѲ֮ͨοڱ֮֮ͨʱ»Ӽرµơ
˭˭ɱϣʺü˱䡣
ǰ£ط濪ڵ˵ڸʱſһ۰׽ˣдֻа¡
ˣضͥɫ䡣
ӦǣطɫΪѿ
˵ɫѿضͥ̾Ϣһ˵һ麮ͷƶɣºôã
ˣ
ʦôû
̤̤̤
һŲһ˽̫ӣʦڡ
ڣȥĶˣ̫һıߡ
ͯ˵ƹ뿪ˡ
ȥĶˣ
֪
ң㽫۶ҷҲҪҵʦ̫Ӻ
ǣǸɿȥ
ʺЩ̫ӡ
̫תضͥشˣʡ
Һ̫ҽᾡ»Ҫҵʦ
ס
׸һֱûг֣ͻȻڵô˼ʱس
ʺĿҲһĿӴ٣㣬ë̫ӣؿطɨ
üֳ˵ջƻʱ֣ϸ£Եغʹذһҹ֮䣬ʬ岻ȫ֣ҹȥ飬ڵϢ
ʺɫһ䣬ٿԲѵһʧȥš
ëüͷ̫ӵ£»Բ֮»Ҫܣȥ¶ˡ
̫˴٣ʺ֣Σ룬ͷ
̫ӱ֮µ˿й¶˭ɱ⡣
ŵٵӦ
ʺ󿪿ڵϵ飬ͷ׸θ̫ӡչ˻ϡ
ٵ˵ͷ̧֣̰̫뿪ˡ

ҹδǹ뿪˼ң˳ȸƷ˾ȥ
ʱѾʮ֣Ϣ
δ룡ǹдһ˿ͷǸܻ𣿡
ҹδüҲֳһ˿꣺˵˽컹ѧϰ
ҿ˼ûڷϡδ룬ʼҵ˻ǲһֻ꣬а갡ǳǸ˵ʼôģ
ͬˣСʱ͵ߣ˼µߡ
ûôаǹⲻЦ
ȷˡҹδЩȱȱ
ţǹͻȻɫһ㣺³ôô磿
ʵǺϳģԴ̫Ӽ֮󣬱ָ糯ʱ򣬾糯أôǰôԱ³ˣ
ҹδĿɨһӣģŸȥ
ǳˡ
۶ܳʲô¶ǹЦŵ˵λ̫Ҳѧʣ糯أ


355 йϻ
ҹδҡҡͷ̫ͼε䣬ô񵱽ϣ
Լʲôϵ
ˣ޹ءԼй㣬æǵɡ
δ룬бҪǣʱ䣿ǹЩԸ⡣
㵱밡ҹδ̾һ˵ΪԽԽߣҪʯҲԽԽࡣҶҲҪʯ׬ʯ࣬ܿͲˡ

ǹⲻ˵ˣҲ֪ԼõʯԽԽˡ
Ʒ˾
ҹδ޸ңйֵ˽һƨҹδĶ档ҹδЦ
ͷ
йüëһ㣬ʲô¶þûˡ
ҹδ벻ʧЦ㲻Ҫ㿪⡣
⣿й۾һ̫ˣȷʯء
ȷʯˣҹδһüͷָʲôˣͶˣ
ûл⣬Ҳʣһ򡣡˵йվʲôûУ
ҹδ´ҡҡͷûʲôҲûְ
أҵΪͻˣ֪𣿡
ͻˣˣ
йָ۷壬Ҫͻˡ
ʯĵĲԩҹδЦ
㣬ʲô⣿
ôģյʯһٽֵ̡Ҹ˵Ʒ˾ͬţÿһЩȥ˾ᣬÿ´˾չһЩӦܹ׬Ǯ
žйһӣȻ׬Ʒ˾˾ЩˣƽʱҲ˽ǶԼĽ׶ܴӦѷͷתΪ㽻ҵҲҹһЩƷ˾˾ˣǶҡ
Ӧÿ԰ɡڵƷ˾ĵλӦ˸ӡ˾˾ĵλֻҪϿڣҲһ˸ӡ
˾𣿡
ӦûᣡҹδЦֻҪҴӦһµķ֣һͻӡ
ǻʲôȥ̣ϽȥЩʦ˾ȥ̸
˵Чʶǳߡֻʱ䣬㹺һ̣ҹδҲƷ˾˾̸ˡھ͵װ꣬Ϳ̿ҵ
ȸϵһС¥滹һԺӣԺﻹ䷿
ʱһٶװޣйһ˷ܵؼ๤
ƻʱ֣ҹδǹ߽šйҹδ룬һٶ
¹ˣ
ллңһڹ׷ʰ뿪
δ룬ӽҾסˣؼˡй²
㣡ҹδ
ҪҲһ󣡡
ţ׼һֱؼң
أй˵ն
аɣװ޺ˣ͸㲼衣
ҹδ뿴һȦйȥ߸˵Ļؼˣ֮ԸˣΪѾûˣƽҲˡ
˭֪ո߽ţйܼҡ
֮ǰǸܼңͨǹĹ۲죬ȷһҵĹܼҡƷʱҲܺãʽΪҹĹܼҡ
С㣬ˡǸܼҿҹδĿ𾴣Լ˺ͽʶ
׼ڸгԷҹδʱˣܲԷ
ܼҵųЦݣ֮ǰлһֱЩģ֪ԼǺǻ񿴵ҹδ̬ȣԷǾͲ˵ˣԼ˺ͽ϶ĺѰ
˵ԷͳԷ
ǿǽ
ֵƨƨߵˡ
ش硣ҹδǹ߽˿
¡ǹʩ
ЦլӲ
иطסˡ
ҹδѾ裬ǱߵԹ
Ǩ¾ӣҲ͡㲻ͣҲҰɣ
ǽԷҹδЦǺǵ˵
̫ӣ߻ңʲôʱ͡
ǾˣҲ͡
ĬƬ̵Ҳã֮
һֵ˵йŪһ̣æЩʲôƷʦľ磬ÿ޸ķҲ㹻ĵˡ
˭ʯడҹδЦҺǹԽԽ󡣡
Ծÿ춼ʯɣ
ǰҹδȻͷ
ǡָҹδǹ⣺̫ݳˣҲûÿ춼ʯ̫ӡҲˡ
̫ӵȻˣôſҪҪύô೯ðٹ١Һǹ⣬ˣ׬٣١
Ҳôʹ
ΪԼġҹδ뿴ش磬ҲҪʡʲôʱʯ֮ֻΪԼġԼǿһЩͰȫһЩ˵䲻ģܣһ
һ£ȴǵͷ˵ǣ񡭡񡭡


356 
ôˣ
ʱ˴ɱˡ

ҹδ뾪ˣʵ۱ɱˣ̫ǲӦüλˣ
طؿͬ
ǲҪ
̫ӻζԴԼ
ؼ˭ɱĻϣ
ԼҪӦԣ
ҹδĴ籩ڷɿ˼ţٵԣĶͷ˺ˮ
Ҹû
ҹδ³һһۣҪڣȴͣﱻһ̴ˣȥˡ
ҹδüͷһ
ϻȥˣ̫ӵȨҲʧˣô̫ӻ顭
ѹˡֿڵ
ҹδŲܲܲһ˵ꣿ
ûҹδĺüҹδҲƽ
ô֪ģôϸ
ƤҲ̧ҵġ˷˹޵ظһЩˣҾЩ޷Χڵˡ
˭ɱģ
£õˡ
ǡ
޷ڵ֮ҲùˣûЧҸ֮ǰչأƺ˲ڸ޷ˣ޷
ʦأ
֪ңûҵ
ϺͰг𣿡
ûУ˵УҲֻ̽µټⲻɱҸʡ
Ǳ˭
֪ҡͷҲûãҪ֤ݡֻץס˰£ܹ֤ݡ
ץ£
ץǺǡ
ڡ
ĸںһչ˸ʣ̫ӣ׸֣ϴ¡

ҹδҲͷ
̫ȻԼȻŰٹ١֣ξЩˣӦôŻϡ˭֪᲻Żʺ
ߡ
ֻԼ
ǡҵװ
ҹδ벻ɹе㣬̾һ
غʹص˵𣿡
ûУҹδҡͷͬʱһͷֳԼϢ
ûԼǲӦýһԼϢ
ֻϢˣܹҵԼļˡ
ֻǡ
Ҫʯ
غʹˣذվ㶼ǺȥˣҲ˴룬ֻ˻
ӻˣҲûпʲô
ûУ
Ǿǹ
룬ҡͷ֪
ҹδƲƲ죺ûʲô
üͷ̫ߴǰأ߶ȻܾԵ̫Ӽȴɶȴ踸ּ⡣
ҹδһۣ˶еĺ塣
ʱط뿪۶
һ뿪۶ǡŪһʲôʱûа취Աڵ۶
׸Ҳͬߴ뿪۶ɱȥͿˣûӳʡ֣Ҳͬ⡣
ǡ
˭֪ڶ죬֣ξͬˣ̫Ӻ֣ξռϷ磬֣λ˻ϵʥּ
߿ˣٴҪʣǱ֣ξܾ߲òǰغʹء
㲻˵ˣҹδҲˡ
˵¶ѹʵ
ҹδԴһ飺¶̫ˣ̫Ŀܡҡ
ʲô
ȫǱԵﰡֻܹһЩϢûϢϹӺӡ㻹޷ֱϢǼ١
ѾȫԵˡ
һӣһԵˣҲΣˡ
޺ȴҲһ򡣡
죬Ƶ֪ܹô죿
ҹδüͷ˼ܹ㡣ȴҹδһûоˣô취
ЦҲǺͿˣôܶЩ
˵վȻȥˡ
ҹδȴûڰֵһ롣
ˣȴûмʲôϣԼһüͷϾ
ش硣
ţ
ֲѾˡ
֪
ԣȡ㸸ʵΨһĽݾ
ǡѵøʵ𣿶ˣղ˵ӣ
ӵĹؼ֣ΰҹδ̾Ϣһ֣Ǹʥּ㸸ʣζʲô
ɫζҸڸ̫Ӵߴ뿪̫ӿԡȸλ
ǣǸͬߴ뿪ôû׼
һ̫׼õ塣
̫ӻ᲻ҹδʵͲѡҲܿͬĽѾˡ
ڶ֣Ǹʥּ㸸ʣĸأ
ǲ˵㸸ֻԹȥˣûлԣҲʧȥʹĸûܹõ㸸ʣ֣Ҳܡ
ôĸҪʲô
ʥּ㸸ʣҲĸ󣬶֣εĸΪǲ˵֣㸸ʺĸ󣬸˻ʹͳã
Ҫʲô
ܲҪԼʵ۰ɣ
ֻһ̫࣬ҵҲʵۡôΪ˭Ч
̫ӣ£ߵ£ʮŵ£ɽ¶ˮĵ£


357 Ԫ
һ̣Դˡ
ҹδԣ̫ˣ̫ˡ
ԼõϢ̫٣Եȣһж
һֱûм㸸ʣ
ûУЩӻŮȥܵʡĸûм
ҹδ˼Ƭ̣ԺȥʹɡҪܵĵõһϢ̫㸸أȥҲʣл㸸һá
ף
Էɡ
ҹδվ߳ȥ˲
ʱȥ졣
ûҹδ밴ͰѾͨһѨϣﵽ۷塣
Ʒ˾һת˹ضͥͲļ֪ˣ˻Ϊڱչأ̫ӼԣҲûйڻϵۣҹδϹӺһò˿Ϣ
ҹδϼڻظ·ϣһ
Ѿ۷壬һԪ
Ԫ
һĲ񣬺ΪʶΪ񣬿ڰ񶨣Ϸ֮Ԫ
βػ꣬Ϊλ꣬Ϊʣϲ궨֮ľԪ
Ƣ⣬Ϊ⣬ΪţⶨƵ֮Ԫ
ġβǣΪǣΪ壬ŭǶ׵֮Ԫ
塢ؾΪǾΪǣ֣򾫶ī֮ˮԪ
ΪԪ
Ҫͼ
ҹδ벻ɸ̾ң뵱꣬Щصʿ۷֮󣬲ûйͼҪ£ȥԪϷ֮ڶ֮ľ׵֮ڱī֮ˮ
εҲ
֪жʿͱԪ֮ǰ
ǣǿĲʣʣǻۡͨһ˵Ŭڴһͼ
ԪĹͼ
󻪵۶;Ÿ㶼һԪԪͼѶеʿš
ҹδ룬ԼǲҪ٣ȥԪ
Ҳ֪ǿǲ̵ʱ䣬˵ҪꡣҪԼÿȥ
ҹδվҸʱȥԼپ
Ҫȥ
ҹδ벻Ķȴ֪ԼʱľȣŸոͻ۷ļȥˣЧҲã˵ûа
ص˸У΢΢һüͷû˵飬Ҳû
ⶼˣ
Ҳ֪شûмϡ
ȥʣȴûȥȻӽˣһִҹδΪܵĹϵˣǾͱ־Ϊá
ҹδͻƺľѾȫƽ󣬱ǹԪȥ
Ԫڵ۶ĶԶԶؾܹߴֺĹǴǰȴһ֮Сûе
վ̨£ҹδǹ磬ȥɡ峿ٳ
ǹ룬ԪڲΣգͷã峿ҹ
ţ
ҹδͷٲ̨̤ס
ǹ⿴ҹδıӰӿĽ֮ɫûдﵽ۷壬ﵽ磬óóȻȥͼûкô߻ħΣա
߽˴ҹδĿ¶һ˿ȡ
壬ȻҲǼžȴˡ
ʮֿ㹻ǧˡ
һΣһǽǴţǽֱԻһ޴Ĺͼ
ңһͼһִգǴȼգֻǿһۣ·ᱻꡣ
ڶͼһƬ޾ɭ֣һֲ֮С
ͼһ޼ʵĴأɽһֺ֮С
ķͼһƬ޼ʵıڣǹꪸṳȸɫӲˣҡ
ͼ󺣣ûб߼ʡ
ʱڴڴԼٶˣֱֳ֣ϥǰûעҹδ
ҹδ룬˵ڶͼһٶ˵Ȼϥ£˫ĿǷһƬ޾ɭ֡
һֲĸоƺ񣬵Ҳֻˣûаҹδ۾˼
ϾʹʿͬʿԪ֮ǰ޷ʹģȫ
˵ˣΪĴ壬ǺһӼͣѪʢﵽԪĿġֻԪ֮еѨϣŻӵʹԣʿܹľҹδ뷽ĿͼͨۺԪ
ǹ룡
ǣҹδ벻ͬ
ҹδǷʦģһصķھ硣


358 ľԪ
ʱ뵱ڴʱ԰˵Ļʦܹ֮ϸľ磬Էþ壬ͬﵽٵĿġ
ҹδ벻ܹһﵽ۷壬ȻǲǿþԪأ
ٴοǷͼ
ͼԲ򵥣򲻿ܽĿܹ֮ӵвĸоҲ˵ͼ⣬ǵ
ͼˣǽԪİӡ档˵ͼð廭ġ
ҹδռ䣬Ȼֳˡ
ռûзӦָռˡ
þԡ
ҹδžǷͼչȥ
ˡ
ھǷ˲䣬ҹδ͸оԼΧĻˡΧûЩʿҲʧˣһ޼ʵɭ֮С
ǽ뵽ͼˣ
ҹδһ£Ȼջؾǰľָԭò
ڣҲڡ
ҹδ֪һԼľĿһ£֥ʿôһ˲оԼľ˽֮һ˼㣬ԼʶڵľҲʹܹάֲʱ
ԡ
ҹδٴνԼľӣȻٴν뵽ͼС
һ׼̸֪ľ֮ǳϣ֮ǰĿ֮ʮҹδԼ뷨ʼӴԹͼľ롣
ҹδһж˾룬ֻص˴֮ڣзžϲ
Լոմæ飬ĸܡͲһһڹͼУԾķʽͼйעľʱ·ѾǸͼ磬žעֵ࣬ҲԽ󣬻˵ںϵǷͼĿռҲԽ
ڷһ̣ͼĿռľһ࣬ɫֲһ࣬־ĸˡ
Ծļްɡ
ҹδٴν˽ȥμؽŹͼڣžĹעҹδڹͼڵĿռ伱ţľ뵽ľУľ
ͼмޣ
ҹδھһյʱĴӵľܹչ·𱻱赲֪ǵͼı߽硣
ѸٵشռڵһҺֻһΣѸٲҹδеġҹδʼľ塣
һʼ򣬾ĵøԭҪԼľռͼĿռ䣬˲ܹ͹ͼڵİȫڣѾľĵʮֿ١ʶھҲֲܹһӣٿʼ򣬼ֲӵʱ䡣
ЧǺð
ҹδѾռڵҺʱѾȫ뵽˹ͼ֮У͹ͼеľȫڡ
ʱľľ壬ľľѾֱ˴ˡ
ҹδĻ꿪ʼ˱仯ǻչһ˿Ϊϸܵϸߣͬһһ㣬ǴҹδĸӶȥȻҹδĸࡣѾǸϸܵĴٴοʼֻֻϸܵĴ֣ͬĸһ㣬ڸ
ڴͬʱڵ߸ѨϣҹδľҲڷѸٵı仯Ѩϱϵķƿʼ˱仯ԭķƱøӸӣ֮
Ѩڵķȫܱɣ߸ѨϿʼӣϵķƶʼܱ䡣

ǹԪſڣĴȴûзҹδ롣ԥƬ̣һҧ̨̤ף߽ſڣĿⲻȥͼֻȺѰңȻҹδıӰһѸٵת߳˴ţ̨ϣĵصȴ
硣
ǹȴû̫ĵģȻûоԪ˵۷ҪﵽԪɲô򵥡
е˺ķʮ궼ǳ¡
ˡ
ĵһ˿ܱ䣬߸ѨڵȻڸ£Զݻɴľ֮

ҹδջ˾۾ֳϲ֮ɫû뵽ֻһҹϰʱ䣬ԼȻľ볯Ԫ
ȻֻǻϣкȴҪڹľ볯Ԫͼˡ
ҹδվȥ׼̹ͼҪһЩʱգһľԪ
磡
ǹڵش̨վͷȥδ롭
Ȼɫһ
ôˣҹδĪͷԼϵ·Ҳûʲôʣ̧ͷԻؿǹ⡣
δ㡭Ծˡ


359 ̫
ʲôˣҹδӵĪ
ÿˣƤҲϸˣһ˵ĸо
ǹ⵱ÿҹδ벻ɫһ죺ôҲÿڻˣ
ǣǣǹ֣һҲǵͨ졣
ҹδֳɻ֮ɫ֪ǹⲻһڻˣֿ̧һۡ
ţ
ҹδ¶֮ɫԼϵļȷʵϸһЩҲˡָһ¼ӵеԡ
ѵΪľ볯Ԫ
磬ǻؼң
ӺҹδһƵĹν˴ţԼķ䣬վһ֮ͭǰžȥ
ң
еҹδģû䣬ȴǼϸ𪣬һʣʣһ;׽
ľ볯Ԫˣ
̤̤̤
ǹ˽һ·ϣҲЩӦˡ
δ룬ǲˣ
ţҹδϲͷľ볯Ԫ
Ȼ뵽ˣҹδ׿˵ǹ⻹һ˲Ĵɵ
ˣ
˶Ҫ꣬ʮ꣬ţҲҪ°ɣ
ôȥһҹʱ䡭
ȥϴˣó
ҹδȥıӰǹર죬ȻҲõЦȻҹδܹ򣬵ȵԼﵽ۷壬ҹδ̣ԼҲܹܿͻԪ
ʱҹδȥ޸һ·Ϻܶʦҹδк
ҹʦ˰
ҹʦûкܶ޷ġ

ҹδһ߻Ӧһ¥ݡȻԼ޸ҡ㿴Լ޸⣬Ѿʿˡҹδ룬׷ʩ
ҹʦ
˳ɣ
Ŵ򿪣ҹδ߳ʦ㡭Щһˡ
ҹδһߣһ˵޸


ʱһȥҹδָֻ˹ɣûȥԪÿһι̶ʱ䣬ڸйǷľ볯ԪͼǷͼİѾȫǰͼͼ
ǻ͸ӵ˿Ѿôִͬɣڸ֮УΪ˻Ĵء
βػ꣡
ҹδоԼһһʵִĳʵһִǿη˼άһ٣һ
ǻǿԭ
ҸоԼƺ֮øˣرǶڲľ棬һȻ׽
ֹȥһ£ʱ£ҹδȻͨ˿ˣΪһƷʦ
һֱûҹδҲûȥ㸮ϣǾܵعעϵ顣
̰
ҹδվԺУ̧ͷҹյ£еĳ̻һ㻯һ˿˿룬ʶ
һˣʵûϢߵ´δأ̫ȴûб䣬ɾҵҵؼ
ҹδ̫ӵļҲò
תصѾȴûȥϴϢüһ˿ԥ
ĿָϵĴָϣջһҧǸ̫Ӵָȡ˳ȡһ˲䣬ս׼
һϢϢϢ
̫ûзӦѸٵؽ˳ȥ
һϢϢϢ

ҹδ³һλҲ̫ᷢϾûм̫Լˡ
ҹδٴνĿ̫ϡȻĿǰΪֹû̫ڳҹδȴҴ⣬С̽һƾ̫
ˡ
̫뵽̫С
Ϣ֮ҹδ볤³һ̫ûΣա˫̫Ӷ̫ȫʼ̫
賿ʱ֡
̫ͻȻСΪһҹδüк룬뵽ʶ
̫ɹ
ҹδһ̫кͷͬһ¡
ҹδĿ΢̫뿪˷䣬һԺ䣬ƿ̧֮ȥһӰ䳡Ծȴǹ⡣
ҹδһ̫ͷǹȥ
ǹɫ䣬ԼȻܶˡȴ޷ҹδϲ̫ջʶǹоԼܶˣҹδ˹
δ룬ҿղͷϳָӣȻҾͲܶˣǲ㣿
ţǹͷ̫ܶ˻ǡҸոҪ˵ȥҵĵơ
ףǹ⼱æͷ
ҹδͷתȥǹҹδıӰаδ̫
һֱߣҲ֪ܲ
ѵ
ǹ뵽ǸŮɫһ䡣
̫ҹδǸ»Ĺžãıˡ


360 ӿ
ҹδصԼķ䣬ʶ뵽ʶǸ̫ͻȻһ֣̫뵽˷ĵһ㡣
̫뵽һ㣬ڵһĿУɢĹâͬһ¡
ã
һҹδߣ̧ͷſе̫
δ룬̫ܹռΪռܹ̫ؼǣ̫źܴô
衭
𡭡

һţһһĻǴʱ
ҹδҲ⣬̫һкôһ̫Ҳкôһ˫á
˳˷һµһ쿪ʼˣ
ƻ衣
δ룬ȥĶڴϵǹʵⲻǻظ·
ȥԪ
ǹ۾һľ볯ԪԲˣ
ţȥԪͼˣڵΪﵽʲôˣ
ˡ
ҹδϲټһѾ
ǹипԼҹӥСӵʱҲгһգԼܹﵽֻǸʱԼҲӡȴû뵽ҹδŶãѾˡ
ǹǿԴЧ
ǵ쾭Դʯµľ󣬻еҩҪΪͻͽҲ̫ˡ
ԣûе⣬еȴǸпδ룬£Ҿܹﵽ۷塣
ʵϣ֮ǰһ๦ֻҪʹȥźùϺõԴǲʲôƿġ
ƿ֮ԪҪġһǲ֪ԼΣܲͻƵ硣
ģҹδЦģʱٰľ㣬ܻͻƵġ
лл㣬δ롣
һݳһٷԪſڣҹδǹؼңԼ߽˴š
ϥǷһִȼյĹͼǰᳵ·㽫ԼľǷͼעȥ
ʹ
̫һЩƣվüģ·ɢüĵĽǣ߳ſڵʱѾһƽݡ
£Ҫ𣿡һ̫๪
½ظ̫Ӵȥ
ʹķܵ
ֻˣϺͻʺ
ڴϣɫɲ԰ףʺһˮιµҩˮ£ʺӻ֣̫͹Ů¡ϣʺ˴ߣ
ϣҪ̫ӣ
۾ƤӶһ£ȴû˵
ˡ
ˣʺһ˿ֲҪСʮ滻
˫ۣĿñ䣺ⲻӦùĵ顣
ôܲģʺ˫Ȼץ½ϣǽΪףʮŲҵĶӡ
ôǣǽĸ󡣡Ի
֪ҵ˼ʺ̫ҲǲУʮţֻܹҵĶӡϣ㵱Ӧҵġ
۾˵һû
̫Ӹ
̫м䣬ֺ࣬ҲߣһǴθ㣬һǾӪͳı
߿ɶǵĴ̫֮ӻСʱ򣬱̫֮
˶̫֮ʦһʦһʦ
㴫̫ι֮ı̫ξ֮˵˿νѾ̫Ϊһ塣
̫ӵǻҺżܹһ̫Ӳܵǻ˵ˣ䵽ųնпܡ
̫ӣ㻹ԥʲôȳסı䣺㲻ʵҲ¶˾Ļ̫ӡ̫ӵλãڸʵͲˡһֱؾصĵȥҲǱϣ̫ӵ³ֻһǾ
ڷˣʧˣҲһ
ɹأ
Ǿ֮𣡡
̫ɲֵ˵
ֿڵ£ʵûѡٲˡ
㹰ֵ£һָû˻ᡣѾһˣϲȥˡ
ıҲڵ£ֻҪһ£ʮӪʿ
̫ɲ΢΢üͷ˼
£ĸڡ
̫Ӱڰ֣ھģš
ĸ˵Ŀⶼ̫ӵϣȴ̫ӵľ죬̫
ǹԥϣǹ»Ǹʵļıڵһӣ͵Źȥ
ѹ£ϳףǸǲȥģ
̫ӷһۣǸǰںһ̫ӵĵǲ


361 ҹ
˵ҲǡͷΪʲôҪɱϣ
ô֪̫ɫƣ֪ںܶ˶ҡ
̫ӣڵ״ܵһԲߣ־ûʲô𡣡
ʵϣǿԸʡ̫ӵֳ֮ɫ
ԣ
ĸ۾һֻΪȫ̫ӣɲΪΪ̫ӣǽ̵̫ӣΪǿ̫ӵǣΪ̫ڽһԣʱǵж̫ʮڴ
һ¸ඣ̫ӵ˵ȸʣ̫Т
ĸ΢΢ͷʵжТֻһ棬Ҫһûаգ˭Ҳ֪ǲڿӣ͵Ǳ䣬
ԣɰɡ
ɣ
ԣ̫Ц񣺡Ȼˣ֪ʱָܹһͷλʦٹ࣬븸λˡ
ɡȫ¶֪˻ˡ
Ҳ֪ˡ̫ӵֳ˼֮ɫ
ã˼Ƭ̣ͷӦǡ
̫վϳţλٺòĽλҪóλɡ븸ҪװˣװȥˡڵĿӣֻԼȥˡ
ˣǾܹ常ʾûȬǲڿӡ
ǣ

ӵ
ؿҲпᣬֻˡһؿһĿһأؿá
£Ŀɫǵ˷룬Ǻԣһʣ½޻ᣬǻã
ؿͷһ̴壬׼̫һ
磬ǲܾôŰɣ̫ʤˣѱʤˣҲǻӡһСʮŵǻҲŹǡ
кνң
ƻ壬øʺ̫Ӷɹˡ
Ŀͷܹþǰǰ㽩ȥǲлᡣ
֮ǰǰ㡭ǲˡؿ̾ϢһԸʺ̫ӵƻصǰǰˡѾҹҲ⼸죬̫ӾӦжˡһֱŸʳ֡أҲһֱ̫Ӷ
¾˭ʤ
Ȼϵؿ̾Ϣһ
ͻȻڵ磬ʱСʮűɱأ
ؿƤһǴɾٲˡ
˳Ĭ죬صСʮˣʵĴҲˡ̫ҲضϡǲǾ˶Ļ᣿
ĿҲڵûлᣬҲֵֽ״̬ţϻᣬ̫ӡڶʱڣ̫ӡ⣬ǵĻᡣ
磬ҡصֳɫ
ؿֳԥ֮ɫãСʮűϾǵĵܵܣɱ
磬СʮŲǵĸǺֵܡ磬Ҫɴ£̫
СʮŵҲǸʵѪ
磬֪ΪʲôԸ֧𣿶֧̫Ӻߵܣ
Ϊʲô
ơ㽫ǻǶлĻᣬ˵ǻǵľ
磬СʮһˣȻǶʮֵܽãСʮŵֵáҲ룬Ϊڽ˵ǻ֮󣬽ֵܽɱɣ
磬ɱСʮΪ˾ˣֵܽá
ؿǲ֮ɫ棬СʮţԲ㡣
ɫһվ߳ҡ
ʹ
ٻ
ܶ԰еͤڣһ۵Сüͷ
һŲһòŮܵǰ£Ĩƽܽüͷ
ܶ㸸ڣ㲻Ҫ̫ǡ
ֳɬ㻹Ÿʻ̫ӣ̫֮λ𣿡
ѵ𣿡ٹֳЦݵ㸸ʵ˼䶼֪󹬵̫͹Ůܹ㸸ʶжá
жãܵɫӵؿɬֻҪһС̫Ӱˡ
㡭ʲô˼ٹãȻ
ܰڰ֣˵ˡ̫ӻôȣʵĴ֮ڿǶڸ̫ӡҹ̫ӺܿҪˡ
֣ٹʧɫ㶯֣
ǣܰڰֳ֣ЦݣҲˣȥ˯ɡ
ǰҹˡ仹С壬ҪҹҲȥ˯ɡ
ǣ
ٹǣԼȥ߽ңȴûϴϣŸԼ̫
壬Ӧô죿


362 
Ǹ̫£ԸⲻԸ⣬Ѿ±˶յĵ·ʧˣ̫ӲŹ㡣
ҸʡʲôһжŵģƳأ
֪̫ҡͷֻܹԼ˲翿
ңʲô
̫ѹһҪҪ̫ӳ֮ǰ̫ʲôֶΣʩչ
£Ѿ·һԨֻǰ㸸ô룬ȷϵ̫ӣϴλ˵

̫յܵĶߣѹ˵˼仰
ɫ䣬ƫˡ
ᣡ̫֣Ԫ۷塣
ֳɫã
ǻƲ԰еͤūȥš
ܵͷһ˿־壬ҧҧĿüᶨȥ
һӰڻʹеӰǱУϢŻʹһ·ǱеٻȻһᣬҶһӹǽͷӯڵϣĿɨӣȻͬһƺǱжȥ
ͻȻǺӰͣڲһô棬ֳϲ֮ɫؽͷ̽ȥһ˹¶ͤڣĿɨӣûз˼ס˽
Ҳ
ո̧ţмæ˻˽Ų¶ͷŽŲķȥ˳ʯ·˹
һ̫ΣһȴһҹµˡͤڣǸ˹ܵǰǸ˶Ǳߵ̫ͣȴ
Ȼ䣬ǸŴͣг
ǰǸҹȻγ˳һ̴ܵࡣԾŻʹȥͬʱǸ̫౧ܵ壬ߺ
д̿ͣд̿͡
ಡ
Ĵڸַ׷еͤӶе˷ǸˣǸ׷ȥ
ʮŵ±ɱˣӵͤڵĴڸ־
Ǹ˳Żңٻ׷Ǹ˵Ĵڸ֡
ǡ
׹ںĺֳԾ֮ɫ̫Ӹķ򡣡
ҰУԶԶؿǸɱܵĺ̫Ӹ˱ײֻǲϢʱ䣬һҽСЩڸԾ̫Ӹ
ˣ
ԶԶ׹ںǸ˵ͷߣͬһʧҹɫ֮С
Ȼ»紺ˬǻԪǹ⣬ǽʱתͷſڣҹδӰڴſʱ̨ףҹδǰ
δ룬ˡ
ʲô¶ˣҹδɫһ䣺ش磿
ǣߣ
ҹδͷ˽һ˭Ҳ˵һֱصУһԺ䣬ҹδķڣšǹѹ
̫ӳˡ
̫ӣҹδȻ̫췴ˣ
ǣʮŵˡ
ʮẉ̂
ҹδɫһ˼һԵǹ⿪ʼ
˵ҹҹʱ֣ʮŵͤ£һ̿ͻȻ֣һ̴ţֻʹ̵ˡȻǸ̿;ˣֱ̫ܽӸĴڸ̫ӸȴǸ̿Ѿˣ̫Ӹɱˡ
Ҫ̫ӽ̫ҲͬǾʱ򣬰³ˣɱ̫ˡ
̫ˣ
ţûץ
û
ûһϴŭѾ̫ӣ̫ͨӡͬʱ˰˸ϳҰ𶯡
شأأ
֪˵еĻӻŮаٹڶڻʹδ룬¶ûйϵµġ
ҹδ۾ӵʱŻ۾
¾ųɲ̫Ӹɵġ
˵ǻϣ
пܣҲпǱĻӻŮ
˵᲻Լ
ܣҹδҡͷŰꡣ
̤̤̤⴫طʮ۵糸ɱ֮󣬸ոջص˾ӪϢŵ۶񱼶
ʹ
ϼ
ٹٺͻӻŮ㶼Уڻ֮ϣˮ
Ҳ飬̫൳
ϣӢ
Ŀһ
Ӣ
ط˽Ŀ˻ϣбһʵɫﻹһ˵ģ
æͷʩ񣺡μʡ
񣡡ɫԻغͳֽΣ
ѳ޻ˡ
ɫһʱ޻ᴦڽһµ񡣡
븸ʾ
ʾӪ̳һµʱ䣬ץ


363 Ǳ
ҹ
ؿҡ
ĸˡ
ؿĿأһҹǱʹٻǸҹˡʱҹڽҹۿ顣ҹصʿҹȥɱܵģȴû뵽һϷ
˽֮ؿĿɿڴ˵Сʮụ̋ԱԵģ
ǣ
ⳡϷǸʰŵģСʮԼģ
ҡͷС˲֪С˿ֻˡһʮŵ£һʮŵԵ̫࣬Ǹʮŵһˡ
ؿضһۣжֳ˿־塣
ĿǻϰŵģҲˡʮŵԼŵģʮŵ¾̫ˡ
ڼž죬ؿ̾ϢһǰǾ̫ˡ
º׷ֱ档Ŀ˼
ؿصĿⶼĿϣĿŵ˵
ǻϰŵģܿ죬ϾͻʮŵΪ̫ӡǶʮŵµĲܲʮŵ°װһ
ǻϰŵģʮŵԼŵģǾûϻ᲻ʮŵ˿־𣿡
˼ǡҲ£۾һ
˶£һĺӰؿ̾ϢһʱҲӦ˹²ǸʰŵġһʮΪ̫ӣֻһĺӰܹ飬̫ˡ
Ϊ̫أ
ᣡؿʱѾָǣ̫ģǸɱСʮŵĴ̿ͱضʿԲһ·ܻ̫Ӹ
ο
̫Ҳôɵ
ԣڸʱضѾʮԼģʮŻ̫Сˣ鿼ǵĲꡣ
£ĿɫصԣһʮŵҲһƣ̫СˣֻаꡣǻϿҲδػỳʮŵ¡
ǻỳ˭ؿио
ĻӻŮرߵ¡ɱʮŵ£߸̫ӡ֮ǰҲƻ
Ǻãؿüͷ
СĽ
Ҳֻˡ

ҹδˣԶ̾Ϣһ
СʮҪλˡǺܿҪͷˡ
Ǿ;ͷɡ
ҹδҲֳ֮ɫ˶Ϊµ߱ǵϣ˱ضΪ̫ӡȻܵЩ곤ĸڵ۶ڵ۶ҲΣհٸĸӻŮôһӣҪˡ
̫ӡϧˣ̾
һ뵽̫ӵ˼ʮ꣬ȴø³ҹδҲɱ̾
ʼҡ鰡
۶ԶСɽ¡
һׯ԰ڡ
̫ܻվİ£Ϊν°
¸̨ϣڵ
𣿡
ġ̫Ӻ
𣿡µ˵ֻҪ㸸Ϊģġ
һƨϣ˫ס
벻ףп־塣
Ҹô죿
Ҳ֪ô죿תŽ˫еֻ֪ʱߣ³ض㸸ʲɱ㣬ֻǽΪҲ˶ãе˻ɱ㡣
ͬҵɣ
ͬͬȻں͵ʲôܹӶã
··û䣬ֻǰͬͺãѾΪΣǻ顣ңҴӦǷ顣ֻʣһúô죬ҵΧ֮ڣ԰㣬һ顣
ˣڻָ˼žת棬⽫ӰӡڵĵϣһֱĽǰ
ԼӺ̫ӻ̧ͷ˫ĿȻǳ죬Ҳָ侲վڵⲽ
Ҳ뿪ڵ۶֮⣬û仰˵ûŵء
İ΢΢һüͷôõ̫ӣûֲԼ
Уȴûзأҹһֱڵ۶޷ĳһطֲԼµڵ۶
ҪϵһֱҵЩ󳼡
Щ󳼣㸸ʻŹǣ
ᣬҲɱǡڵ۶ҵǲǿǸ̽Ϣ顣ЩϳСǱչˡֻҪǲǾǲɺӵ
£ȴҸطȻٰϵˡ
ɣµͷ֮󣬱ǻ顣
ˣ
ߣ


364 Ĺ
µֳһ˿ϲá飬ڿһˣ´ȥá
ʱ£ҹδѾͨ˿ˣΪһƷʦҳľ볯Ԫﵽ˻ԪԪԪľ硣
ҹδȴûжϲŲ
ǹڼ˵Ϣûһ˿͡Σطˣûץס̫ӣ̫绢ɽ֣󺣣ʧ޼ʡҹδ벻׵ǣûΪ̫ӣһ˿ķûС
ǴһתѾȫȬǲ̫ϳ·һлص˹ȥֻһ̫ӡ
ʵ࣬Ҳҹˡ
ҹδҲ͵͵£ȴͷϾڲͷЩ̫ӵϳչ֮Ҳûžͷˣͷ֮²֮ȴ޷㰲
ֱƽӿľ£ʱ뵽·ݡҹδǰĻѾ˶Ʒʦ
û˳ԾΪڴ󻪷ȵʱ˭֪ҹδһһƷʦи˾ϲ鷢
˵ͻˣڡ
һ¾ٹڣΪһĹȣ󻪳ˡ
ҹδţʵǿǿҲֻһʦʦܹͷ
Ĺȵ¶ˣűѩϽҵĴӵ󻪵۶֮һߡյ֮䣬ۺŽٵʿ߽۶ƽʥŮ说Žƽʿ۶·ٴµĺн۶ʿ뵽۶۶һӷˡ
ûһȣӣӣʥŮӵĿ⣬͸˵ˡ
ȻжΪ޷Ӱʷϵʢ䡣
°ա
ڻʹھʢᣬڻӭӵͬʱҲǻӭʹߺͼȵѡ֡
ֻû̫ӣɶؿᡣ
ҹ
ϥҹδ뻺³һ˾ǰžԼꡣ
Ԫ磬豹棬֮ǰǰ¶һ۾ܹﵽʲô硣ͨˣȴһֲͨ˵ĸоһȻԸ׽ĸо
ϴһ˴ʦֽۣƷʦ´ǰҹδ˳ȥ͵ȴǹ
磬߰ɡ
˸ոճţûеһͣſڣŴ򿪣ڳҹδ֡ҹδ˳ǰе
ϳ
ҹδŻʹʻȥ
ڡ
ҹδδ룬Ҹ㣬ͻ˷ڣϣҪá
ҹδ¶֮ɫ֣ҹ粢խ֮ˡ
ȻǣпЦǷأ
ҹδһӾˣΪԼƷ˾ѹƵùǺһֱ͡ͻƷڣΪʷķڣλԴΪᣬˣ
ѹƷ˵ԭҹδ룬ȻҲʹӴҹδ뿪ʼϣԼҪԷ˵ļʹѹˡ
ҪҪ¶ԼҲǷڣ
δ룡ֿڵȻڴл˵һΪڣӱض磬㡣ڶԴ̬ϣӱضף㲻Ҫ
ӡﲻ𣡡
ӣ
ҹδͷһ磬Ϩ˱¶ԼҲǷڵ뷨ǵ͵һá
ڶڵû֮ǰôӡ
ϾˣԼ绹š
ͷģҲںЩ
ͺãչһЦҸҿ϶ò˶ãδͻΪڣǸʱʷķھͲˣҹδ롣
ҹδֵ治ںЩľǵõ˵Ϣ
еֳźΪֻûеõϢ
Σδ붼Ҫл֡
ͣ˻ʹǰкҹδҹδǹڰ֣ǹͷʾԼȣҹδʹв߽˻ʹ
԰
ʵ̫࣬ڷ԰Сʱ԰Ѿ˺ܶˣ߽԰бҹδֿҹδĿһɨ㿴ؿط棬㣬Ҳܡ
һЩӻŮÿӻŮЦ棬档ֻаܣʱҲЦòãֹжȡ
Ȼ˴٣ضͥǧ˼ˣĿһɨֿ˾ˡ
˴ĲʶˣЩȻʶҲ֪ΪӷװϾܹ
£̣ƽ̡


365 
ҹδĿĿϣֳЦݣҹδ֡ҹδָ̧һ»ӺͻŮǱߣȻǱȥ
ڱϣԼĹϵΣʶؿط棬ܣҪȥк
ҹδ뻹ûڻӻŮǰؿԼʩ
¡
ؿЦδ룬Լҽæ÷Ҫȥӭˡ
ǣҹδؿȥ
ҹδڻӻŮǰǷֱط棬ʩº͵Ц
ˣҲܲŰ˵Ƕжòˣ
ҹδǸⲻǺйϻæ²
δ룬Ҹܡط潫һӻŮܸҹδ롣
ЩӻŮҹδ뵹ʮֿСܵѬգǶ֪ҹδܿͻʷķڼ¼
ˣ㲻ܽύҲҪ
ҹ㣡ǰ¶˼⼸º´ŵΪĹ׼ûȥݷý㡣Ĺ֮󣬻̵
ңҹδֻҪ¿ѧδȻϽ̡
ȻһڻӻŮʩŸλˡ
طһ֣˰УȥɣǷʦᣬҲȥĿܡ
ǣ
ҹδ뿪ûȥȥ˴٣ضͥȹԱǱߣһһȻǰΪ
ڡ
ҹʦιվԱߵһﺬ
ҹδĿɨˣվߵıǸӣˣһƷʦô󻪷ȵվҲҲһӣͬԷˣһƷʦ½ԣô󻪷ȵʱվҹδԱߵӽƷ˾һƷʦ˵ô󻪷ȵ
ҹδȻѡ˵͵װûļЦ
ʲôʱ򵽵ģ
һӣ͵ˣȥݼӰɡ
䣬һȥҹδ뿴ѾԼ˵ҲΪ⣬ȴǲмҹδһһ˦½Ҳһĵ
ɫޣС˵־
ҹδ֣һ߸˺棬һǰȥ
ǵǰһӣӶźܶˣһҲŰ˸ˡȴֻĸˡ
һһ޳ʣһĸо
һһģĳշʣϲˣһ̩ĸо
һһۣĸߴӲʣһֵϻڵĸо
һһɫȹȣݸ䣬һʥĸо
̫ˣҹδһӾͷֱǸĵʿǵۺӺǷӲФɣŮʥŮ诡
ߵۺ࣬ʩݼӡ
ݼӡ
½԰ݼӣ
ҹδûкǸȺ˵ʵ޲ڵǰΡ
ҹδݼӣ
ݼӣ
ۺҹδ룬ӼȻôܲеϢ
֪ҹδô󻪷ȵһ
ҹδȻͬеǰᣬбһϲԽᣬǱԽǿĿҹδǰ
Ʒʦ£
Ҳûֻ֣ûü˰ˡ
ǡ
ͷȻһȻҹδǴȵһô᲻Լʩ
ĿⲻϣҲһϲҲᣬҲһӡĿǰĿһ
Ʒڣ
һӾˣͻƵˣȻ˷ڣдʦȵĵ
Ѹ˼ʮ꣬Ʒڡҹδʮһ꣬һƷʦĻҹδڶʮǰӦܹΪڡʮķڣڵҲǰμ콾
û뵽׼仹ţ
콾ȻҪ£ߡ
Źÿһ󻪷ȵǰҲǾ߱μĹȵˣĹеĳɼΣһμĻᡣ
ֻҪͬ⣬ǵӡȻҲԾܾȱӣҲȱšֻǰᵱ󻪳͢һ͡
ʷоܾ
ȻûУ
ȻΪһ¶ӿһ¶
ӶȥˣֻǳΪеһˮǱӿǾͲһˡ
ʱӾͿҹδ롣½ԺˣӵĿֻһӶҹδ֣½Աв鲻ԸÿλãҹδҲǲ鲻Ըߵߣٴŵʩ
ӣ


366 ռ
ۺֳеЦݵĹ֮Ǿǵˡ
ҹδһۣȻǣ
ۺȡƿֱݸҹδǶ񵤣Դǵľкôȥɡ
ҹδоһϲԽӹл
ʱ򣬱ӣʥŮҲ֣˹վ˷ӣʥŮȴ򣬱ϽĴȷʦЦе
ǻʶһ°ɡ
ҹδƿĿЩȥоһݣʱϵɫҲˡ
ʱվڷӣʥŮˣʥŮ˻ˡڷվŵΪһˣǰľȻҲǾƷڵĻ¡
ǻϽĿƿǰĶһƷʦ
ԭЩˣԭΪԼڣûҹδĸˣƾһˣԺɨ֧顣ȴû뵽ҲһڡǸҪꡣ
ǸոͻƷûãǶԷʲôʱΪڵأ
һ꣬˫ľҲһ
⻹ô
ֻҪԼǶǸеĶ֣ƾŶԷһڣͿԺɨԼ߶顣
ҹδ룿
ûð
ҹδǿҲһʦڷǰûл֮ͬһͯһˡ
ʦͲ֪ڵĿֲ
罫עǸзڵϣҹδҲˡ֪ǸռõĺоȻѾΪһˣĳ˹ȵס
ķ໥֮󣬸뿪
ҹδĸǵ£ǵ
鷳ˡ
ʲô鷳ģ㲻ҲǷԸǸռãǶԸʣµˡ
ҿ²ǸռõĶ֣ҳΪҪܶࡣ
ƲƲһδ룬ǻܿԷĸˣȻȥ㡣ҾͲ֣򲻹ǸУ
㲻˽ڣҡͷڷǰǸ𲻵á
ûôɣδ뻭ٶȿ죬Ҳδرδ죬ֻҪδһͷŴҲð
͵Ϊ֮󣬾һʵķԾڸ涼һȽң֮ǰƷٶȲδ룬ھ㲻磬Ҳδ޼ǸгΪѾһˣٶȲδҪδ졣
ҪǣѾӵ˷
Ӧӵ˷ζʲô
ɫһȻǷڣǷڵıôû˵
ҲûΪǼ˵ǿͷųзغ͹ġͷŷٶȣҪȻٶȿ졣ҷǿڷڹġֻҪͷŵǷٶܹȵ𣿡
ҹδ΢΢ϸûѡ
һ棬ĹȵĹھΪֻлùھĶ飬лǰǬĻᣬҲֻнǬпܾشԼľԼľ硣
һ棬ֲ¶ԼʵھͱӶˣһҪԼһԼʵֵ̫ۣǸʱͲǽˡһԼҪԼĸô᲻Լ
ǴԼĹϵͲزסˡ;顣
޶ȵر¶Լʵɡ
ҹδ¶˾ģǬǱȥġλᣬûѸԼʵĻᡣ
һᣬҳԵĶ˼
¥
ϯ֮ۺƾʹĴ֯һȥӿŷʿȥĶ飬˵
ûǣΪǱӮ𣿡
΢΢ҡͷûбҪҲضȫϾһӣֻһλǰǬ
˵Ҳǡֳһ˿Ȼɫһ˵ڵ۶ˣ
ǰֳʹ֮ɫû뵽ʮ̫ӣȻͰ¹ᵽһֻǰΪ̫ߣ˵ʿûܹסˡ
ҵټץ
ҲץסץסҲץסǸӡֻǡͷ·ʧһ㡣
Ѿ뿪𣿡
ҡͷ²֪Ҷӵ˽⣬뿪󻪵ġ
ǾңǸڳ
ǣ
Ǹž䣬˳Ҳҳ
۶
ӻꡣ
һ˽̨Ļæкϰˡ
ţɫˣŰɡ
ǣ
æţϰ崩˺ţ뵽Ժ߽Լķ䡣Ϸ˨Ȼƶ¶һţ򿪰ţ˳¥ȥ


367 Ĺ
ĿռܴһǸϰ壬վһǰֱдʲôϰ󣬹ʩ
μ¡
ûͣд󼸸֣±ʣжһԼд֣ת
֪ͨˣ
ǣ¡ʽᰴʱǰ
ҹ
ӻС
żֺ˵취Ҽӡ
ֺ˶һֵۣΪҪӣ
һ˿ɫҪߵӣ֪ҹδžĹϵΪӦýʵ۵λӽҡ
ɣҡͷ±ˣ¿ǵھ㡣ʱӹҪ£Σ
ѵôؿŻߣĵһӡ
£¼ʱ䣬ȥһµ԰ºž̬ȡ
Ҳã
ҹ
ҹδϥԺеʯ֮ϡ
ѾﵽԪԲ磬ҹ׼һ½ĵڶ׶Σ򣬳еѨϡ
ںϺ׼ǳУеһ˿˿ͷۣһ˿˿뵽֮СȴûпʼֻǸ֪һ֪忪Ѩû⣬ȴﲻԼҪ̶ֳȡƴԼܹѨϿһ˷ңֲܹﵽˣͺѨºʱ򣬾ͻΪĲ⣬ʹ豬飬
Ψһİ취þ۸ȻٳѨϡ
ǡ
ֻǸոնһ˿ƣ۶ƿȶҹδһ˽һֵʱҹδоƿأæֹͣǳȻΪСɢȥ
ˣһ˿ɢȥ֮ҹδŵú͸ͬոմˮ̳һ㡣
а
ﲻŶ;أ޷ƿ
ǬҪȥĹȣҪӮ
ա
Ĺȿʼ
ڵ۶㳡ϣһߴ̨
ֳ̨㡣ÿһоż̨ףһķΡ
һż̨֮ϣһתȦƽ̨
ƽ̨ÿһ涼ڷӣϰڷŷֽʺͷī
ʱĹֱվڸ̨ķվڸ̨Ķվڸ̨ѩվڸ̨ıվڸ̨档ķѡֶ˴ˡ
ÿѡڱʼѲ飬ɴ󻪷ÿһԷѡǰõķ
ʼĹѡŸ̨ȥϵһƽ̨֮Ҫʼÿ׼ķֽʮţѡֿʼ˭ȻһţԴŷŵڶƽ̨ʵǡ
ҲҪǾż̨ף˵ڶƽ̨ϣڷŹ̨޸ĹߣһҪ޸ķϵڶƽ̨ķʦҪ޸Ǳ޸֮󣬱ʵǵƽ̨
ƽ̨ҲҪǾż̨ףƽ̨ÿһڷӡÿһӣһȵáϻڷʮŷֽͷʷīһؾҪãֻҪܹԼˣأԼʵǣʣµķҲԴߡ
ٵϾż̨ף˵Ĳƽ̨
Ĳƽ̨Ҫǿһɷ֮ԴߣΪѡֵսٵϾż̨ףһ㡣
ֻеһ㣬ſԹѡ֣ѡûе׷һ㣬Խйûеһѡ֣ȴֻܹأܹһѡ־ǻʤһ
ʱ㳡ѾΪ¥ϣʵһڻӻŮŵ£̺ƽ̵ʿһ߳Ժȣһ߹ۿ
㳡ΧˣûпʼҾһ̸СȻܹӵȺм룬巷
¥
һٴװİվڴڣңŹ¥˿˿ȴƵ³һѹ
Ĳ𣿡
һͬװİļҲѹĲУӶץž䲢ģҲ§ݴӣǶץ¸һǵϾžɱǵĶӡ
ȥĶˣ
֪˵ȥˡ£Ӧ׼ʽѾȥɽܽˡ¾õҲӦȥɽһǰȫһҲѾԼСܲþӶûм¡
룬̾һٵȵȰɣĹ֮ûг֣Ҿ뿪
¥
ЦеضԵۺʦ֣ηʿҪ߶ŵˡ


368 ʼ
ۺ˷һۣʦ־ôӮ
ֻ֪ǸոͻƷڰɣ»ûиʹãοķڴ֮ʱҪǣô̵ʱ䣬ܹٷ
Ҽ㹹ҲֻǴʦİɣ
¸㣬ռÿǹڼķ
ȻƵᣬȴһ
Ϊ磬֪ںͷ֮Ҳвࣿ
ͻƷʮ죬ʮʱܹʲô
ֻǹһʦķܹΪǿɲ˴ʦķռѾΪһˣһڼķ˵ռѾˡ
⻹ô

һ죬˵ĿŹ¥µ㳡ȥ֧֡
󻪵Ķվ˸̨Ķ棬ѩĶվ˸̨ı棬Ķվ˸̨棬Ķվ˸̨棬úͶ󻪵ĶԡֻʱĹ鱻̨赲ߣ˭Ҳ˭
λӢʲõذԼ˴󻪶ĶӳҪٶȣֻһֻȰϢʱ䣬̨ǾͿȶ֡Էȴֻܹܹ
δ룬ٶ죬ȡһ̨һɹ˭ȵϸ̨ռһ֡
ãҹδͷ
ÿֻʮŷֽδ룬׼ʲô
ҹδ룺׷
粻΢΢һüͷ׷ǴʦķҲӵġ׼ʮȫ׷᲻̫ʱ䣿
аգҹδ
촽˶ջȰǰһЩɣѡһЩԼ򵥵ģˣ˵ٶȡ
ҹδͷȴ翴ҹδ룬ٴȰδ룬׽һ£˵ˣѵŷ𣿡
ҹδ΢΢̧ͷ˸̨
ʲô̬ȣǳôô
ҹδ븺ֶûпһۣȫ
δ롭
ҹδƫͷ磬оۣ˲о޴ѹɽҪ˵Ļɤ

ٴ
ȿʼˣ
飡
ҹδҽǰ̤α𡣱˵Ԫľ磬һΪż̨ףҲܹһԾϡ
ܹһԾϣĹʿܹһԾϣЩ˶ǷʦԾһɲǣ㽫ͷ˳ȥ˻δ̨ϵЩֽʺͷīλãλδƽ̨ϣ㼸ͬʱһڣһץһֽϣƮһţƽϣѾձץСǰֵķѾպ˷ī
¥ϣѾƾսһŵĴУӸ£ӷ˵ֲץһĿһڣ
δȣ
ҹδϾЩʦΨһһԪЩʿУռڣҲֻռûһǽ뵽Ԫ磬ٶȺ΢ĿƣȻҪҹδһЩ
̨ϣЦУֻ΢΢бһߵһˣǸǷ̫ӣ̵ڣ
ֻǸոտʼ
ۺеһ˿ϲɫɢȥ
ǰ
ֻǸոտʼ
ֻ֤ҹδΪԸˣҲֻһʦܿͻᱻռö׷ϡ
ҹδȴ˿ţǰǶƷʦʵľǷڣһصķڣΪؼǣĶǴ׷Ϊ׷࣬˵ʱ⵹ɽ˼켸ҹĴ׷֮ǰΪ˹»Ʒ˾ͨҲ˲ٵĴ׷۾ܹ׼ȷٵĻ׷
㳡ΧĹڣѾĹѡֻٶȣΪƽ̨̫ˡǶڽصȴţ˭һʼʵǵڶ㡣
ǣ㳡ΧЩ¥¥пջ¥Щˣܹġһƽ̨˵ߡ
ǣҲֻܹһ棬ҲΪ棬иӽ
ڴһĶ¥ϣһڴڵˣĿҹδѲӡ
˻
˵һ粻ǷôٶȻûҹδ죿
Ӧ续ķƷߣҹδ뻭ķƷͰɣ
ܡ
ǣҡͷͻƷڲŶãٶûô죡ڳ˹ڻϣӦú֮ǰ𲻴󡣡
ɫһ䣬˲ѿڶռҪˣ


369 
˶˵ˣȻǿռһߣǿһѾͻƵһˣܹȵġʵϣڵҲֻոڵżûпڵأռȴѾΪһķڡڵռãӦѾٶ׷ƽ߳Խҹδ˰ɣ
䡭
ҹδǵĶڴ˻Ҳдʿôʢ䣬ʮһΣôûбĹڡȻÿҵĹڶվԼʦһ档
ڷһ棬ȵĻԾ¥֮ϣΪǿռûٶȺܿ졣ͬʱʼķʦĸһƷʦԼʣʮ֮һʱռѾһţʼڶš
ٶȻ
Ȼѡֻ֣Ҫƨ룬Ҳû˼ռõٶȡ΢евҲֻд󻪵Ǹ硣ǲûǸٶȲûʲô
ǻʲô
ɣ
ֻҪһܹѡѹ˵ѹ£ѡ־ͱˡûбҲӦܵӰ죬ٶ˰ɣ
¥ϵЩʿһϵЩʿȻʲôҲ͸Ż
ѡһʱжһҹδҲ촽
ڹ̨ϣȴһƬžӸ£ƽ̨ǿҹδ벻ûбռ׷ϣһһ˿˿롣Ȼľ΢Сÿ˶֪ʮŷ꣬ͽ΢С
ӵٶֳϲɫ˻֮ɫ
ɣе˶ɡһʦٶôܿһڣ
һһһķڣ
ѵҹδҲһڣ
̫Ӻƫͷʦ֣ĪλҹʦҲһڣصù
ǺǡЦ㿴δռûķʲô𣿡
˵Ŀⲻɶ˻ķϣʱ˶ѾڻŷռõŷͬзнеȺҹδķȴֻһ֡
׷
δ׷֮ǰΪʹֹƷ˾еĴʦ˴Ĵ׷
¥˻Ȼרһַɡ
ҡ
һȻҹδ벻Ƿڣ˵ѾһһأˣֻûйˡרһַٶȿѾǾƷڵռãƺҲΪ档
Ŀ˸
һŰ˵Ǳ绹ҪŵŰ
ǡ
ӵĿһϧǷڰ
ȴһ
ҹδֻרһ׷ٶȻռÿ죬Ҳ첻˶١ŵڶ޸ռӦþܹʱ׷
ӺʥŮȴ̾һһĹȣ˴󻪺ͷ˫ҫֻ̨ġ
Ҫҹδռãֻǿ磬ٶȾѾҵѡ֡
ռܹܾˣҲûлᡭ
ǿռú֮Ĳ࣬ͷϨˡ粻ռõĶ֡ˣռãͿԺɨʣµĴʦ
һ룬Լĵ۶÷˹ھƺԼˣһ£ӺʥŮ̬ƽˡ
ʱڽţʮŴ׷ҹδٶȣҲҪʱ䡣һʣһĨ㽫ʮŴ׷ս˴˫ڵһ壬ֱӷԽӣŵڶƽ̨Ծȥ
̨ϣɫһɫһϲ
ҹδٶҲͱռÿһŷʱ䣬أռӦܹ׷ϡֻҪͬʱһ㣬ҹδ뽫ûһ˿ᡣ˵ռóԽ֮һ㡣
ҹδӯ˵ڶ㣬ĿɨϵǱ
һԷֻлעնһ棬ΪԽߣնĻԽԽʱǱϵķѾ֮һ
ҹδ̿ʼͿĨ֭Ȼ󾲾صȴڶƽ̨ϣռڿٵػһŷ
Լ֮һӵʱ䣬ռôһӣʮŷƽ̨һ壬Ѿ𣬼ͬʱҹδſ̵֣ʼ޸
ԭ¶һ˿Цݣռһؾܹ׷ҹδˡȴȻеæĿҹδǱߡ
˻
ҲɵһʱФ̲סڵ
Ǹҹδٶôô죿
˵Ŀֳһֵ⣬һΣضͥضͥϴԺ
δƷ˾֮󣬾һֱ޸Ƿʦʱ򣬾޸һ˴ʦ֮ˡΪλˣ


370 
ضͥĿɨˣɫӽΪΪʦҲӦòμսģսУʦƷٶȣ޸ٶҪҲһϢʱ䣬ܹһԣƽʱ޸ʱ򣬲ԼҪҪٶȡÿ춼ˣջ֮£û˱޸ٶȸ졣
ô˵޸ڵڶ
˼ǷҲˡҸ̾ķʦˡ
ֻ֮һӣҹδ˿̵ץѾ޸õķ˫ڵһ壬ŵԾȥʱռͿĨĺ֭ոĨ˷𴦣ſʼ޸
ඣӵ
أü׷ӵ˵ʼǷڣʦֻǴʦ
Ǻǣ
Ǻǣ
ҹδʱѾ˵㣬ӣǸôȡ˳ȡĹУѾãؿǸ˫ȵơ
ַɿõһֻ˼£õĹͷλȻס˹λĵطָùͷλͬʱѾ˷ʣպ˷īʼһŷʮϢʱͻˣΪֻһʦĹ̶ʼһͷţǸõһȾͱ̶סܹٶַɿõһ˼£㽫õĹͷλҲͬʱʼһͷõһϡ
ˣõȶѾλ̶ʱҹδſʼ˷˷ҲֻһʦķʮϢʱͻһһõͷţͷţÿšŴ˷ÿͷһšȻҹδȡϵļаõȹ̶סΪ̶ʱЧҲͲӣϥ۾ʼϢָ
ÿ죡ʥŮ诲ȡÿһ˿ʱ䡣
Фɵͷҹδܹһһ㣬ȶռ÷𹥻ѡܹʱֵĻδؾͲ̭
Цеģ۾ȴһ䡣
ҲҲЦеġʥŮ΢΢ҡͷҪǵսʶͶսֵѸٷǻ룬֣˷ǱӵзڵĴ󻪹ǸʱͿԺɨѩ֧顣
ФȴǲͬͻƷڵʱ̫ˡ˵ʵһƷʦûʲô𣬻̣ƽ̵κһһƷʦܹ硣ֻܷ֮ķʦ֣δزܹɵ󻪡ھ˭Ǿ͹ƽһˡ
ӺͷӵɫɶΪ֪诺Ф˵üеҪ󻪺ͷܷܿ
诵ͷ˵òҲû˵ûһ˿ʱ󣬱ڵһʱƣŸ߰ս⡣ֻҪ΢ԥ᲻˳ȫ˴󻪣ʹ˻ᡣ
һٷˣӺͷӲԸˡ
˵˵ţͰѡָ̭ˣչھеˣ
սʶսأڿˣЩʦ֪սѡսʱ𣿡
ӺʥŮһͣҲ֪ⶼ̸ֽҪﵽ˵ǵĿģǵвڵĶ־пٵսַйϵľϣзḻսʶ;顣Щ̨ϵЩʦ
󻪺ͷ֪ûУ֪ѩûСʹ̫ӺͲμĹȵķʦûвμӹսûвμӹսĶ־;ķḻսʶ
˵Ŀⲻ·̨ĿһռöˣһԾԾ̨ĳҹδһģһҽõĹУû˷һ˿һʱ䣬ȫԺҹδƽ֡
ǣⲻǷҪģҪռܹʱĲ࣬һ˿һҲԡʵϣȻûС
Ҳ٣֪ҽõĹؼ˷˭˷ƷߣõٶȾͿ졣ռ˷ضҪҹδ롣
һ֣ռñض̺ҹδʱϵĲ࣬˵ᷴ
ռýа̶֮ȴûҹδǰ㣬ϥϢתȦƽ̨ߡ
Ҫָܹߵĳ̶ȣҪܳʱ䣬һɵ磬ǿ˷ҲҪʮʱҡʣµʱǵȴҪڵٶȡ
ţ
ֳЦݣϱߣϽѡֵһ档ʱϽѡһ߻ûһ޸οͷʱ򣬱ϽǱѡּͬʱ¿̵ץ޸õķϷԾͬʱʦһ̧ͷԾҲվռãһӿе˵ƽ̨ϣζһ¡


371 ռõ
۹¥ϵķӲɳشЦʥŮ诵ĺüԡ
ϽѡɫʮѿȴҲ˲ռãһֱϵӡ
ռҡҡͷȻһЦٲŶķȥתսǣ󻪵ķʦѾˣвû⡣ʱϽķʦˣôܲȻƴöϵĹͷ
ţ
һϥƽ̨ϣ۾Զ׼ڵϢҹδ롣
ĿѸٵҹδǰϣá
а嶼ˣ
ҲŹ㿴ԣǲ˵ܵҡһöԷˣǸŴȶԷᱻԣҲֻؿҹδһۣţҹδǱԼ죬ǺԼ࣬Լתʱ䣬ҽõģ
͡
ͷŷתͷȥͷŷֳһ˿ϲɫ԰ųˡԼڵĹҲܳԽԼʱԼһ㣬绹ڵĲ㣬ֻܹܹʱԼʧȥս
ⳡȣԼʤˣʤˡ
ڡ
ĿҹδϣȻһЦ
ҹδҲǸոãʱϻҪԼôһ㣬Լƽ̨Ǳתʱ䣬ɡ
ο
ɣȵһ㣬һʦܹʲôв
һ䣬ռűƽ̨˹ȥȻʱѩѡҲáٶȺռûȡյתԼһƽ̨ԼͬĸʦʱҲãռûһãһʵ
ʦ֣ô
İɣռŵ˵Ȼϥ£ʼϢ
¥ϡ
ɫЩû˱ҹδ롣ȻҲںⳡȵʤȴںҹδҹδ뱻ռø
˵ߣֵӣҹδһ߲㣬ʦûսʶ;飬ֻҹδռõҹδ벻¶ɣ
Ŀҹδ룬ռú˵Ѳӣڵ
ʵҹδ᲻Σհɣ
ͷȻֲĵûʤĻ𣿡
ӿڵҪľˡڵľ濴ҹδҲܹһһ㣬Ȼȶռ÷𹥻
ǣ㲻ҪˣռǷڣһһǰͳΪڵˡԲʮŷ÷ڵķͷŵҹδأ
ȴֻʮŷ
Ҳ˵ҹδĹ޵ģʮŷ꣬ʧȥ˹ҹδ˵ռõķ͹޵ģֻҪоͿԲϵͷŷڵĵ
ʮŷܹռ𣿡
ϲֳ˾ɥ֮ɫҡͷ
ԣҹδռõҹδûһ˿ʤҹƣҹδһϵһ㣬Ҳжȵʱ䣬ҲͷŷĻᡣǸʱռӦþܹɵĹأһ㣬ӵ˹Ļᡣ
˵һںһʦԣһʲô
¥ϵ˶׷׵ͷͬӵķǷӣʥŮҲˡǸղŵķܹռһʱ䣬ķʦǻûʲô־ʶ;֮ģǿ̸
ҹδ²Ϊ䡣ȻΣաӼ˵ҹδҪʱ䣬ȡʱ䣬ռûҹδ𣿡
ᣡ̾Ϣһ
ӵͷҹδƴӣضӭռÿ籩Ĺռñض̵ʱⳡսԲҹδγ֡
һҹδγ֣ŲСĿܽʱӵѡֶһ㡣ɵҲ֪ǻᣬ󻪣ѩͻ֡Ǹʱ򣬷зĿܡ
ҹδ˽⣬䣬ƴһ
ֳЦǲܿ϶ҹδôѡ񣬰ҹδǿӣӦƴҹδ뻹δˣҪѰҼˣδػƴҡͷ
Ҳ֪ҹδռõһʱܶأ
û˵ֻɵһ㡣
ڣǶһֱأͼʱϵĲࡣôܶࣿ
ۡӶˡ
㿴һ۷ӣȻתͷԵӹӣҹδڵһӦñռнӵʱɣ


372 
ţͷ
ڵڶķ֮һҵʱɣ
ţ
һһЩʱ䡭
ʲôأӿڵ֪Ϊʲôʦ˵ҹδȵһ㣬ҲʹԼֻͷηĻ𣿡
ָ̣㹧
Ϊһأռþͻʱ䡣ҵӡӵ˵
¥ϵ˲ɽĿ˵ӣȴ΢̾һ
ʦ˵ĶԣԭóҽΣѾ˷ҽһ;Чһأ˵ܹҹδ롣ڵĹأϣҹδʱ䡣ǡ
ҡҡͷҽһʱҪ˵ʮʱʱԽʡʱҲԽࡣԣռ÷Ϊ档һֻһ򵥵ĻҲǰʱҹδһ;רʱҲࡣԣ֮ǰҲ˵ҹδʱ䣬Ҳͷʱ䡣
ǴҲ˷
ӻȻתͷ㣬ӣʥŮҲĿ㡣һָضͥ
ǿʹ˾
ৣ
˵ĿֻڹضͥϣضͥͷƷ˾Ѿ˷һȫ˴˷
˻
ӣӣʥŮĿƵ໥ϵյֳЦݵ
˼ˣ
ûʲô˼Ѿָƽ˵ҹδܹȴʱ䣬Ҳռõķȼҹδһϵڸ߲㣬ôڶ߲ıضռáҹδеսռõ𣿶Ϊ˹ռãǸʱ¶ûз˰ɣ
ʲôռã
Դײ𣿡
¥һʱž̨ȥʱ̨ϣеķʦҽõọ̈̄ھǵ˭ܹܡԣʱʮʦھصϢָ
ûпͷˡ
¥ϰϯ·㳡Ĺڶ󲿷뿪ؼˣƵһܹܣҲǵڶ磬ԣһȥϢ
˻ƻʱ̨֣ϵĶʮʦҲϢ״ָ̬۷塣ʿʳÿʦͷҹδ˾һһ߳Էһġ
ʱͨͷʿϢҲ֪ĿǰΪֹȻҹδ˵һʱȷռûҪķ֮ӵʱ䡣ڵռ˴ԼϢʱ䡣
ʱ򣬱֮ǰҲòҹδ
ٶȿǱȷڿ˽һӰ
δ룬һһᳬԽռðɣڴʵΪѾƷ˾潻õ˸˷ʹ˷
ӦܹҹδҲԼķżš
۾һǵʱռãӦÿԽʱϵҲδ룬ȥ֮ȸɵĸʦȻȥֶ֮ԸռãӵδؾûӮռõĻᡣ
أ
粻üͷҪδȥ֮ȽĴʦȫɵֻռã
ҹδ벻ֵδ룬˵أ
ҹδҡͷ˵Ҫɵʮĸʦ˵ܸܲɵɣܹɵһʣ·ҿɾʮŷֲý
Ҳüͷ
ǰ
ҹδû˷Ҳû˹Լֹռã
ý
粻٣ʲѾ硣ҲֻǾ磬ûսҹδҲһŽøӣӦûɶ
ҹδͷҲоԼȵ׷һû⣬ֻʱ䡣Լ÷ս֮⣬ûоսʽǱ޸õķǳ鴤һ¡
Ȼ˺꽣ͷѩȴûʵս
ֻʮŷôܹɵһأ
Ȼû赶ս÷սһ£κβռá
ΪֻʮŷдķſԸɵռáƴ£Ͳռõľۺ
ǲܵģ
ֻʮŷоûзͷš
ͷŷٶȿ϶ֱӴڵķͷſ졣ˣռÿԲ϶ٵͷŷ֣ʮŴƲ˷
÷
ûû
ҹδ˼Ҳ˼Ű취ô˵ʱռơǣȥȻûа취
ʱƾȻá
ڣڵռȵһ㣬аӮ𣿡


373 
ͣȴΪһ̾ϢûУ
ڣҲǷڡԾ硣
ҡҡͷҸոͻƷڣֻһ㣬ֻܹڷڹʦķ˴ʦķ͸˵ڼķˡ÷ʦķռЧ
̵ʮŷ
ͣоʧû뵽Լݵ磬ںһһƷʦҲûɶ
ⲻǰܶˣ
ƽ̨һӼž
ҹδ뽫̽뵽ĵڶ㣬Ĵָʹ̽뵽ָУʼһЩ
ЩǴʱ⵹ǸʱģŷһµĴС
ʱһҵһЧ
ڼصһַ
ǧ
ҪԵķհŷλ裬Ȼͬʱ׷γɵױǧ֮ҪȵͷŴܸ߳ٱֻҪʱ䣬Ҫȵͷ׷һЩԼһϢʱ䡣
ҹδһ뵽ռڡ
ռڣʼ׷Ȼô׷ǧ
һһ飬տʼʧܣȻɹˣǽղǧͻ˽һӵʱ䡣ҹδһһ飬ظʱһ̣߰ٶΣڴﵽ˼ޣҪͷŵŷһϢʱ䡣

ҹδ³һ۾ƽ̨Ͼģÿ˶ڻָϢٴα۾ʼָϢϰ󣬺ķľɫЩ԰סûռڵҺ̬䣬ͼֲ
ɫΧ˽ֻˡ
¥ϣҲһеӰϯˮһΪд
б緹̨ҹδ˰س緹ɱʰȥҹδ˶صԼǰ۲Լҽεá
㳡ϵԽԽ࣬ʱؿ
ҹδʱѾվǰ͸õ˫ȣʱ̹۲šҲˣڵһʱа壬
Ȼתףǿҹδ뿪ʼа壬¥ϵȴһ㡣
ô죿
ҹδܿϵļа壬ȴһְֻסáƶ
¥ϵӺлȻԭûȫֻͷõ׼ҹδ뵹Ǽȡÿһ˿ʱ䡣
˴ʱҲȻҲʼϵļа壬ְסãĬĬع۲ȴ
ƽ̨ϣЩʦȴûһˣ¥ϵĵ͵ҹδͷ
ҹδսʶҹδĪǲμӹս
ûУҡͷһֱƷ˾޸
˵Ƕս񰡣ϣܹҴһЩͬӵֳϣ
ЦеھԵʵǰһʶ;鶼ǰ׷ѡ
˭֪أӵ˵
δˣͻȻ
¥ϵˣĿ˲ҹδķ򣬱ҹδϵǸվ¿ӣˡʱҹδѾԾ̨ĵĲϣץ˿̵ʼ̷
ֻǿһҹδƵٶȣӾЦˣҹδٻռӵʱ䡣
˶˵ˣ˶ܹҹδƷٶȣռû죬Ҳ첻˶٣׷ز˶ʱ䡣ҹδӵʱ仹Ǳˡ
ڶϵĲĹȻռãȻ磬µЩʦʱϼûжĲ
飡
ҹδһץһƽ̨һ壬αն𣬸߸ߵԾһ㣬ڸ߳Ѿһƽ̨һˡ
ĿϸɨȥȻЩ˶ڵĲ㣬ʱҲ̧ͷӿеҹδ롣
ˡ
ڿҹδĵһ֮ʱռþͺԥڵķһֽռͬӶ档
ˡ
һ֮ռýŵɫ΢ɣȻһ߼̻ʱ䣬һ߼ڵķͣͷŷܹ֡ҹδôضǽʮŷһԵͷš
޾壡
ͷŷֵٶȣҪҹδͷŷٶȣҹδƲķ
䡭
㳡ϵĹڷˡڿ˵ߵһ㣬˻Ǵ󻪷ʦ
ڹ㳡ϵĹһࣿ
ȻǴˣǴ󻪵
ֻǸտʼһ£ԭΪһһĻǷռã㲻ռãҲһ硣
ȴû뵽ҹδ룡
ʱ򣬰ǰ󻪷УҹδӢٴͬطһÿ˵ԺУһĻ
ҹδ룡
ҹδ룡
ҹδ룡



374 ǧ
ʱڸ߿еҹδ룬䣬һ˦ǰȥͬʱǰһ

ʮŷռͷϵϿһȥҹδ뾫ֳʮƣÿһƿһŷÿŷγһȦӣʮŷγȦӡмİŷѸٵмۣγһǧ
飡
ҹδ˫˵ϣռǱߵĸ̨Եϡ
˫ָһ˵Ĳռá
ռͷû̧ûȥҹδһۣûȥϿյķһۡڲܷ־Ҫÿһ˿ʱ䣬ɷǸʱֵˡ
ֻһʦԼһνܹҹδ롣
Ȼһֱڿ̻Ҳһֱͷŷ֣Ѿͷʮ㣬һڼͷţҪҹδоҾܹ޶ȵͷһһֻ֣ʮŷҺΣ
ţ
ô
ûг̵Ĺռò̧ͷȥ
šǧ󡭡
ΪһķڣȻʶǧɫ󺧣˲԰ףȻﻹ˵ϿƷ
ͷһ֡
䡭
һĺҫĿ
¥ϵĴжڵվҲû뵽ҹδὫʮŷƳɴ׷û뵽ðǧռá
һ
Ϊһǧһĺ֮飬ڶȦӵİŴ׷Ѹٵؾλ
ꡭ
һһһķֽ֣һ顣
ռôʱѾ״Ȼһͷŷ֣Ŀ죿ɰǧͷŵĴֱִعᴩһһ֣ɿرƽռá

ռ³һһĽٺڱһһķĥɾᴩʮ˲֣ڻʣ֣ռûڲͣͷŷ֡
ʵǲİ
Ȼ󡭡
ϵļⶼŤˣ
һǧѾλ
䡭
ִֹᴩռ÷ͷŷ֣ˡ˷֣ռõϡ
ͷռҧûͷԼķԼķһ
һѾĥò࣬ȻѪȴûлȥֻˤƽ̨ϣγ˵ǧ˻
䣡
ҹδŰǧŷĸʦƶĸʦˣǿûзôͷŷ֣һ˻
䣡
䣡

̨ϣҹδ˷ʮţʣʮţٲűѩǱȥ
¥ϣ˭Ҳû뵽ĹȻַʽ
ͻȻӷЦЦӹ¥ɢ
ҹδվ򱱷ĸ̨ԵЦתͷŹ¥ȥ˴Цĵӡңңҹδ˴Ĵָҹδŵңң֣Ȼתͷ·ѩʦ
ʦڿҹδ˲䣬ͷһŷֻǵ粻˵Ĳ㣬Ĺ֮ľѾԶȻ˷ռǵҸ߿нôֵҲˡ
ֻǲ䡣
ҹδһӣŷ˳ȥûйǧ󣬾ʣʮŷһǧҪţһֻܹһˣ̫㡣
䡭
ҹδͬʱŴ׷ʱѩʦҲֻǸոüͷһŷ
䡭
ͷŴ׷˲䣬ҹδֻеֻͣͷų棬ѩʦ
ҹδ˫趯糵ֻ֣ڴ׷µһ˲䣬͸ѩʦÿһ
׷ܼͷͷŵĻֵﻹ𽣵Ĺ
᧿Σķ֣ʦϣʦ屻ŵȥ
̭
ҹδһӣϷһߡбֳһ˿ΣϽʦڲͣͷŷÿ˶ͷʮ֡ÿ˶ʮŷ
ⵥô׷ͲˣǼϻҲ
ǾͰǧɡ
ڻʣ¶ʮأ
Ŵ׷ڿйһǧһʦͷֹȥ
Ǹʦɬ䶯һºᣬֳڴڴԼʮŷֵܹסǧ
ʣµĸʦҲ۰Ͱ͵ؿš
䡭


375 ޳
ִִҫ۵ᴩʮ֣ǸʦϣûǸʦ
ǰŴ׷ҹδڿһǧŵڶʦͷֹȥ
ʱ򣬵һ׺Ĵʦ¶˳ƽ̨ϣڣѾ˹ȥ
䣡ڶʦ̺
ҹδ뽫Ŀ˵
䣡
䣡
ĹȽˣ
о˹죡
һĹȣڡȴһʦս
һڱ䣬һʦûüһ㡣
󻪷ˣ
ҲˣÿһĴȶ漰Ĺ滮֣ʴ󻪵ˡ
ҲˣӶˣ
ϾͲ˵ˣӻ档
һ棬󻪵İ˳ɶҪϽһ棬ҹδ˿ҪģҲҹδ緢롣ţҹδ粻ܾԼԼţԼڵλӻȶ
ʹڡ
ϯٴҹδ緢룬θҹδ롣ҹδûоܾûɾܾһܾӵĲãǺޡһǺԼضԼԼʹĹϵġ
ԺԺ˵һһ
ҲμᣬȻкܲζǷҪ
ҵʱ֣ɫ԰ףҴҵس˽˻
£޳ˣ
ȴüžĿȻ֣Σ֣δʱҲ˲Ȼ񣬻ŵ
ѾûˣѶ˾档

֣δҴҶȥܿ죬һǱʿ˽
£ɽں׵ط޳һ߼ʣѶ´ʱѾʧˣ޳Ӧֱ۶
֪޳ԭ򣿡侲ʵ
֪Ǹʿҡͷڷ޳ĵһʱ䣬֪زסسˣıְǰѶ
ط棡
ʣڣ
سǣ
ǣ
طת뿪Ŀ˵ӡ
ƽȥ
ȻӣʥŮӵλȤ𣿡
Ϊ𣿡
ФʥŮҲվƿնȥҹδͷնȥӣֳĽ֮ɫ
а
ٴһ´ҵ侲£ʧ
ϳǣ
ڵһվеشŴȥҲظ˺档ҹδҲȺУܿϵĳǽϡ
ʱѾҹʱ֣ԭӦţʱĵ۶ȴæµһƬŶӪƷ˾ˣ˾˵ȵЩٷĻ֯Сӣʿæµرλá
ҹδȻǺ缸һ𣬿æµ򣬲ɵʵ
磬۶޳𣿡
ҲǾÿʮңǻᱬһΣʱֹһΡҪ֪ҰҪ̫࣬öడһѾͺö࣬һ껹üѡ
ǡкܶҰٰɣ
⵹ǣ½ϣռĽ򻹲֮һʣµĶҰ޻ռĵ̡ԣܵ˵Ұ޺޵Զ塣
һ˵ţһ˳ǽߣĿԶȥ
ǽ֮⣬˷һƬžȫû޳ٵס
ҹδڴһ޳Ǹʱ򣬴ûϳǣûп޳ģ
˴ĵ۶æµҲһʱʱ䣬ȫλʱ۶ⶼһּžѹεѹÿ˵ͷʱԽãѹԽ󡣷ҹδûо޳ˣʾ֪͵󣬵ûʲôѹʱصѯ磬޳ʲôӡ
ҹд죬˵ĿⶼѰȥʮӰ¹֮£նߣȴǡҹδҲæ˶䡣
޳Ǿ޳
޳üͷüֳǡ
ν޳ǳ˿ֲĶĳеҰ޺޶ˣŲ·һƻʮ㡣
޳Ŀĵģ֮ǰ޳Ե۶ΪĿĵأͻֱӹ۶
ǹµ۶ݻ۶Ǳ۶ʿס޳ȥ޳ݻĵط
ǣ޳ͬ
޳Ϊܾˣ޸ͲҪ۶ڻŲ·;У˵۶Ҳṥ۶ǸĻƳǶ


376 س
һʧĽ۶ܱߵسǣд䣬ᱻ޳ûһֲ֡Ȼ޳·;У𽥷ֳһɹɣʧУƻˡ
⻹ֻһ棬һ棬廹Ҫ޿ֲĶʲôܹ޻Ų·ıӣԲöԸҲ
ɫأ֪ԭ򣬳Լ޾ѪϣЩѪ޼ȿֻţγ˾޳޳ĿǰķǴ󻪵۶ڳѾʧˡ
޳ľ飬Ҫȵӷḻˡ֪鷳ĲǼٵ޳ǣ޳ƳǶγɵ鷳оЩѪϣǲ鷳
ط档
ڣطǰ
سǽ㣬صס޳
ּ
䡣
ڡǰ
ɳǰ۶ܱߵسǺÿ䣬֪ͨǾ޳ؽ͵͡
ּ
ɫѿ޳֮У뿪۶ڿҰ֮УǼΪΣյġȴҲ˿飬Խǵ飬ΣԽ󣬵ҴҶȥ
㣡
ڣǰ
۶еķʦ֯Ʒ˾ǷˣɢޣҪ߼ķֻҪ
޳£µѪϣǿǵֶΡ
ּ
ؿ
ڣ
ڽ㣬һ˿
ּ
һɵ´ҹδҪߣȴ֣ҹδ˵ǰʩ
ӣ
ʶһ޳
ǣҹδͷӦǡ
ؿؿ׼Ʒһװ
ؿͷȥһҹδ磬̾Ϣһ׽ţֻҪų֣ͻᱻƽ̣̺ʹ´ߡ
۶ٴζæµ
ռõȷѩϽЩˣȻ˳ǽ֮ϡ
ʱʱ䣬۶һμžҹδվڵӵԣ⽥Զ
ؿʼ΢ĲԽԽҲԽԽңһ㡣۶ЩûΪİգվסΣڵϡ
޳δơ
ҹδֳһ˿أӴȡһС翴ҹδһۣҲӴȡ˳һֻֻһŷ
δ룬ѡ
ҹδҲȡһŷСӿһ磬ֳһ˿͡
ս鰡
ˣФɿڵд˷ܺɱ⡣
ҹδĿȥʱһһѸٵķŴͬһû˴أŵ۶˹
޳˵Ӿеʿ̲ס˼ǣЩ޳ȴ߷ֿƳǶ
ӿһҹδ磬Ų˿ͣбǽ͵
ǰĶޣ޶Щǡ֪ԼƳǶǺҰ޾ͲˣǻҲƳǶģǴ󲿷ȴ᱾ֱܵ˵۶ǴʱսĿʼ
ԣΧʿһҰޣޣһӾˡ
ȴһǳЩƳǶʶԵ۶˵һϢǶܱߵĳǴһجġ
䡭
ʱʱ䣬޾ƳǶּ֮žûʲô֣жʮ޿ҪҰܵÿˡͰҰ޸˦ȥˣȥ˴Լӣ¡¡֮ٶȴٴοʼ𶯡ͬһҰŵ۶
䡭
ЩҰȫѪϸɵˣҹЮںһ޳УҪ޳Ҳ޳ͬһײڳǽϡֱײľվڳǽϵʿо۶ײҡΡ߱Ұޣ˳ųǽųϷɿ
ս˲䱬
ϡ
ҹδ볤ϵش̳꽣಻ѩһֻֻҰ޵Χʼʱ򣬻ЩɬϾҹδûʿݣսϾһʦӵžӳȥԼԲס
ˣǴĸҰޣһһľ֮£ұϾɽ곱̬ΪȶЩҰޣޣûһֻҰܹһ˿˺
£ҹδʵսڷɿɿʼɬⲻҹδлȻʡ


377 ϳ
ڼǲС
ʿҪսгɳԼһֱսѾ˺˰ɣ
ǵӵҲûͷκεֱֳָնɱҰޡΪǶ֪ЩҰֻǿθˣҰ֮ѪϲΣЩҰ޶ڵЩ˵Ҳȷʵ̫ٶ࣬ҲԣӻϾ۲ҹδ硣в¶һ˿졣
绹ˣֵʮȻҲųΪɱҰȴЩæҡǼҰ˹ʱǼʱͷŷˡ
ǣҹδǲͬ
һͬƥһ㣬ÿһգ̻նһֻֻҰ޵Ҫ֮һֻֻնɱ
ãջĿ⣬ʼһնɱҰޣһ޳
ʱҹδҲϰˣЩҰںľ֮ǰ޷˺ҲʼһնɱҰޣһ˳⡣
һӺҹδ˫һУ޳ĩˣ޳ĩһƬ죬ͬһƬѪ
ؿһֻǺ캣ûܼѪϣֻǲʮϢʱ䣬ЩѪ뿪ʣµֻǴĹͷӡ
ҹδ벻ȻһЩףֵģͬг
ôһֻ󣬲ʮϢʱͱһѹͷ
¡¡ʧˣЩҰ޲ˣƳǶʣµȴɳɳͬг˵ҹδ磬ͷ֮ϵʿһɫ
һֻֻдĴָĺɫϻ۳һƬ캣ŵ۶ûһ߼ʡ
̫ѶԸˣ
ÿһиֳͷ
⻹أ޹˹Ҳ󡣵ѪֻдĴָ࣬˵ˣǷҲ̫ˡֻҪһǸÿ˵ĺë
һӱ˳ͷÿװĶǻ۶ʿڲͣ
ɳɳԽԽ˻ǺӵıԵʱĻǺѾˣҰ޵ʬˡ
ɳɳ
̺Ѫϸ˻ǺڵЩҰޣеĿʼЩҰ޵ʬ壬еĿʼ˳ųǽֻ˲䣬ɫĳǽ͸ıɫͬһ䶯ĺɫֺѪʡ
Żȵ
һʿʼһŻ·ȥǽ֮һƬ𺣡һƬƬѪϱճ˷ɻҡ
Ѫȴû˿ĺ˺ͶܣǾͺ֪һ㣬ŵ۶ĳǽû˹ϵػΪ˷ɻңֲϵӿ
ڲƷ˾ǷˣֿﶼźķⶼսȻܶǻҲԲ١һʦڻóͷͷŻûмϡ
ǽ֮£һȦ𺣣ѪϾͬǰ̣ѪӳʵʱѪƺʶǲܹ۸ģ㿪ʼƳǶͷʿɼԶԶӽѪȺУЩѪ˵ҰУ캣һʱȫʧɼжѪϡ
ܱ˵۶ˣǴ󻪣ЩѪϳ𣬿µ۶ΧǧﷶΧڣһƬ档ѵĽܲˡʼɳһСӣĻ׷ѪȺ
ϸսԡ
ǸѪȺ湥һѪתͷ׷ǣǾ÷ŷսһܣһ߹סҪ㣬ʼպѪϱһȫľ롣о½һʱ̷Զݡȵָ֮׷ѪȺ
ϾѪܲЩʿġ
ҽڷʦսʶ;Ƿȱÿ֧Сʮˣʿʦһʦһʦ
ʿԲ÷ҲͷŷɱѪȺҪʦڷĹ֮󣬸ʦ˵ıϡʦǵ򲻵ѵ£ԲֵһʱΣա
ӲǱķǿҹδ磬Ҫҹδ񣬲ҹδԲܴǡҪԼʵµӣ׸ԣҹδԺͱһ顣
ÿһ֧飬Ͳ˵ʿˣʦһʦһʦһڴһʦҹδ벻ͬһ鵱С
ҹδ֧ӵһԪĴʿᡣʿҲģȴûгԪġһҹδҪ󣬴Ѿǹ⡣һʦŮӣһʦǽӣ˵Ϊ˵ֻǿȴǴʦҲĴʦҹδǸʦȻ


378 С
ʮ˳˵۶ѪȺķ׷ȥʿվλҹδ룬ͱ𱣻м䡣
ѪϵٶȻǺźܴĲ֮֮࣬ǰЩѪܹ׷ЩҰޣΪҰγɵ޳̫ӵ£ѪȺ׷ϡҹδ׷Ѫϣֻǲӵʱ䣬ǾͿĺɫأڸ˴صѪȺ
Ǵķޣһ߱һ˵Ȳ÷˦ѪȺʱ÷
ǣ¾ӭ
Ҷзɣ
У
׼
ʮ˼ӿ˽ŲҹδĴһȻǿűǧƵķʶڵķĵƣԼһĹУһ޸ģһǿ̻ģ֮Ҳ͹ҹδ롣ʱҹδóľǱ޸ķܱ޸֮ǰһɡ
䡭
ʮ˷˹ʵϣʱҹδʮҰжܹСڶѪϷ˹
ѪȺƬѪ̵ͷʿ˹ҹδ˿ʼˣһߺˣһ߼ѪȺԭһƬѪȺͬ̽Ĵ֣һֻֻСչȥÿһ֧СӶڱߺ˱߹
ҹδɨһۣбȻÿ֧СӶڲȡɧʵĹĿľǽһƬѪ飬̶зָ˱׽
䡭
ҹδŷնһһ棬̧ͷǰȥһüͷ
ɧʵĹõЧΪֻܹһЩѪȺĺѪϣѪȺһ޼ʵȺǸ͹ЩȺҲûܵǹӰ죬ǰСЩʿͬڰУһһذҲһһѪϣȻ׷ȺȻٹ
˷ֻҪòܹѪȺ
˵ܹȫЩѪȺ
ҹδǵһȫûӦ־İ취жӳֻҪľͺá
һˣһǰϽˣҽ
ء
վڳͷϣŽصʿڵֿ޳
뿪۶ɳ˰ʮ֧ڵ۶޳֮ǰΧĴسǣؾǽԸһ۶ѾԶĳɽѾԶ
ʮӵĴոս뵽أӵ۶Ǳӿ޳͵ˣЩݺ޳ˡԽسǵʵ޷ֵȫ޻۶ɵ޳
龪һЩ޸ûйǣƳǶųɽڶȥûеһҰ޻۶ɵ޳ˡ
ĿɨվԼΧ֪ǸҵĿǼҡпܵ£ɱҡ
ңһΪ׵ڵֻȴûһ˿ҵģ
𣿡Цôģض޳СҸӦûյϢ׷ҡǺǡ
ΪҲ֪Դ̫ӳңҾûܻȥֻû뵽һôáҲΪĹ֮ǰ붪˰ɣһ̫ӣһӣǺǡ
ĿԽԽ޳
Ҳôģ˫ְŮǽϣĿźһ޳Ǹʸ´ʲô
Ȼ̧ͷ䣬Ŀгɭɭ⡣ȴ⡣ĳǽ
ֻһ񣬾سǡ
ƣǶҲסǳأʲô˵ҪҵԴժǡ
سǣʮӵĴ񣬳ʮˣҪػǣǻ
˫Ŀ⽥ⶳһ˿壬̬Ҳ࣬빰ʩ
ǣ
ϣγ˳ս
䡭
޳ײǣصسͬеһС˲ϵĻһҰųǽֻǲӵʱ䣬ͷѪȾ졣

䡭
оɣѪϵٶԶǣһϣٴ׷ѪȺȻһ˷û˿Σգȴ˴ѪϣǾѪȺĺ棬ϵǰ
أѾСӣս£ÿСѪȺͬÿ֧СӵٶҲͬСΪѪȺӵķͬǵķҲȻͬظС֮ľԶԽԽԶ˴Ҳ˴ˡ


379 
ӳһʿͻȻẰ
䡭
˽ǵھʮ׷ɱѪȺǰľʮζɹһѪȺ׷ս׷ѪȺ
ʱѺȴţĿǰѪȺȵ
ȫٹһ֣Ȼ󳷣
ӳ㿴ΧǸʿѾš
ҹδ벻ȥɫǴ䣬Ȼּæתͷȥһò԰ס
ǱΧˣ
ѪϰΧˣ
ʱҲΧԼҺͺ󷽣ſ߼ʵѪԼСӰΧ˹ͬ캣ӡ
ôᡭ
˲Ͳ²˳ӦСӱˣʲôԭµģСӵôȥѪȺѰµĿ꣬ǾͳΪѪȺĿꡣ
ĳЩСѪ̫࣬ĳСѪ̫࣬ЩѪҲ֪ʲôԭֿˣȻѪȺظϣôҹδСӶ档
Сӻв٣սʱ벻⡣
⡭
ҹδˣԺ˲ͻطǸڲʮϢʱͱһƹͷʱԺлطţŸҲڻطţһɫò԰ס
ǳˣӣȫΡűƽȺˣ
󣬲󣡡
ŶŶ
æҵȡ죬ΪͻȻĿ־壬е춼òȣ˵ϡ
ʱҹδѾӾлָ˹Ͼʶ곱ˣһץڵϵץУݸ
Ҫţǻдķȫܹȡ㹻ʱ䡣
Զԣ
ʱҲˣһ·ϲûʹöٷŵ΢滺
ûγһȦ
ʼʣµľŸվһȦӡѪȺѾƽ˹
䡭
Ÿ˸ͷһŻŻͷŵĻһȦƽѪϵ档
䡭
ҹδŸ˸նȦѪϣϣڽѪɱԽԽ٣ܹͻΧĻᡣ
ֻһǻᣡ
ǣܿɫͱ쳣ѿ
ǸոڷѪȺΧ֮ǰǰѪϣǳɹشĿģȴΧû˳˵ĻᡣˣǰѪԴԴϵǰΧ˹
ɹֶܹã
϶ֲסᱻѪϽıǴķٶҲޡ
ֶܹãἱȵʵ
𳳣غȵ
ͣȻвˣҲ֪ʱʦüͷܴ
ʲôλãҹδͷһ潣תͷߵǹʵ
ǱǳɽǹָԶһɽ볣ɽԶĵطǽء
ҪˡʦãȻ޴롣
ԣüԣ죬ȥ
״񣺡㣬ӳǸʲôģǶΪʧְģġ
Ὣָ˱ɫͷ
ɱңǰһŽ⣺ɱΪ㻹ܻã
ʦЩҵץסҹδӡ
ҹδһƽϢͱķ꣺Χʲôƣ
ǹ⵱ҹӥСӣϴ̽ӿڵԼӡ
ҹδ۾һƸ𣿡
ߣǹ
ҹδǹĶԻͱҲ˸Źâ
ܹӣӵ̾ڣܹΣա
أķ񾢶Ҳ˲٣࣬ɹȥ
л
˵һ˵ȥˣһӱһŻ棬ܵõȻϨ𣬲ܹ̤ŸոչĵطǰСһŻһŻͷţٶҲһҪΧͷŻ޷Ĵӡ
Ҳ˵ʺͻΧΪûٶȡ
ҹδһԼĴԼһЩżһ£Ȼ˵
ǼأΪȡʱ䡣
ҹδϯضȡֽʺͷī㿪ʼ
ǹ񵱼ʼͷŻڻȼյڼ䣬ӳɱѪϡῴһҹδ룬ҲԼҪʵĻʱʮֱ꣬ҹδҲʮֱꡣҹδƺ뵽˰취ʱɲҹδ롣
ο
ҹδĹȵĵһսʤ˷ڵĵһҹδĺϣ󣬱ҲʵʵؿʼΪҹδȡʱ䡣
ԼӺһֵˣ


380 ˮϳ
ˡ
󷨿γһ֣ͬһ۵Ĵ룬ʮ˵档ͣʵ
ֶܹã
ϵ˷һʧˣԼʱ
ֻʱһ־
ʱ乻ˣͻȻҹδ̵Ϣָ
˾һ񣬲ҹδȥҪҹδſֱˣΪҹδʱͷû̫ߣˮڻ
ô죡
˲ûпҹδƷȴûôؿ˽룬֪ҹδƷٶж
ֹȥһӣҹδͣķǱһűܹףԶҹδ뻭ţ㹻ˡ
ǧһž͹ˡǴڲܹģҹδ벻С
磬򣡡ҹδűʵ
ǹЦܿ𣿡
ҹδҲЦʱǵ۴ķѪϣͿ档
ҹδȡʮŷÿһţһԼͷţһֱ㽫档Ҳ׷ͷŷ֣Щĵʵ
ҹʦ𣿡
û⣬׼ˣҹδͷһű
͡
Բһٶȱ⣬ЩѪ϶ʧȥ˻ԡ

ڷϵЩѪŵҹδ˵һ塣
Ƭֵķ򡣡ǹָһ򺰵
ҹδȥǴԼңһ֣û֣ǵĿӦÿӵĺӵ̡
ߣ
ҹδȳ˳ȥºܻҹδ׼ڱϣǻǰҲˡͬʱ֮ЩûбѪҲ˱棬ҹδǰΧ˹
׵ľ룬ǵУͼ˱ԵϱѪϾǶˡ
͡
ҹδͷһűһУ֡ɣɻУһ˵ٶȸ졣
г֣ӺӵѾףʱҹδлʣűһӶ˷
͡
ҹδͷһűȵᣬƿӵ𣿡
ǡʱı
һʮźӵ̻ȥ˺ӵ֮ʿźӵ̻
䡭
εĺӵ̷飬ˮк˲γһƬƮһƬ죬ܼѪϡȻЩѪںˮĳˢ£ʼɢҹδ˵Ұʧֻʣ°ããһƬ
һˣ
ˣ

ʮ˱һֽ
أ
ʱ޳ѾȥǱɱģѪϸ˹ЩҰ޶ˣܵģѪϸҧһա
ʱٵûأûǽѪϣԶѾǽǵĳǽѾѪϸǣҰУǱѪɫҷ·һ㣬ͬ䶯˾㤿ֲ
һسô
ùˣ£˷ݣ췿ݵľͷǷŰ崰ϵͷͣȼͬһ޴ķ죬̻졣
ˣľȼյĻ治ǰûп϶ǰܣвٵѪϳ˻棬ʿս
ʼˡ
ΪʿѪϽ뷢սȻӰ쵽ͷľͷѪϸһԽϨĻ档
Ӿˡ
Ѿ˵ͨʿ᧿Σ
ųð˻ѾһߣΪڵĹޣȴûп־壬ֻŷһֱپķ
Դӱɳ֪Լб
֮ǰûɱǲ֪̫ӵĹϵֻڻӻŮľźͷ
αǽ޳أûбѪɱҲὫɱ
ߡ
ƺһ۴ʹͷһֻѪϲ֪ʲôʱԼֱϣҧԼ޴ΣϮͷȻ̧ͷȥߵĳǽ¥ǽϣ֪ʲôʱѾѪϣʱЩѪϾӸµ
䡭
æϵһƬƬѪնɱŲŸոձûѪϵĵˡѪϣֳһ˿̧֣ѪĻ˹ȥ
ˡ
һ̣ѹեԼǱһƳڰУѪĻ˹ȥ


381 ǰ
䡭
еѪ·ɣӰѪе˳ЎͷȥԼ۴һȦΪѪϣҧѪ⣬˳ֱۣɿļ
䷴ӽ
ۡ
һնѪ䡣
£
һ˹ϵ˼£ΪֹѪȻһΪʹ࣬ⶼŤ
ĺϣʱѾѪϣǳˮѪϣȫ
еĳȻǰ̣Ѿ̽˶ദļȴȻͣеɫһɲǣżΪӵı仯
ɱ⣬ҲжΪʮգسǵ塣
ֿ죬ЦЦ㾿ҪңҪɱң
Ҳ죬ʹȴıʮˣµҺθɣ¡أ
屻ѪûѪ˹

״񣬷
£¡
ͻȻڴֻɲǼ䣬ͱںһƬǺг˽ٺ˷ܡ
Ȼתף
ĺѪɵĺĴˮųǽߺȻײ˹ҰУһ޼ʵѪϣѾ䣬ļˮԶȥ
䡭
һͬʱȵѪϣ
䡭
ӦʿһϳͷѪϽΪ͵ˣųȼյľͷԶԶȼЩѪϡû˺ѪϣϳͷЩѪϺܿͱĿɨͷﻹʲôɫѪȺĿ֮һƬãã
ϳ߽ˣ
䳤³һһ㣬һץ˹ųȥһԾǸ֮ϣ˳ˮƮߡ
£¡
ͷǧյĺӰȴˮннԶʧ޼
ӵ֮ϡ
ҹδʮ˺ںӵ֮ϣŴӱˮΡ
죬ת׶ҹδлл
ҹδҡͷҲǶеһԱԾȡ
죬ֳĽ֮ɫҹʦȥ֮ҪǰˣԺǵˡ
ҹδĿ΢΢һʮִֵΪӡһ֪ܲڵ۶Ϊֻڵ۶пյԼ˵Ϣ
Ϊ飬ڵӡʮֲáԼڵʦ飬ô죿
ԼʫʫڵԼޱ
ǵȥҪǬǴǬ֮󣬻Ҫ취뿪
߰ɣ
ҹδվʮ˳źӵȥ
֮ҹδһ˻ص˵۶һȦγȥѪϵʿ١ҹδȴ˲ЩǴǹ˽
Ҫǰˣû޳¶ʱѾˡ֪֮󣬻һʲô棬֪ƺҪ뿪ô顣Ϣ̫ˣҪʱϢر˵Ϣ㣬ϢܹʱشݸԼ
һֻӥ׼ǹȥǹסڵµĴ˿ͨӥϢݸǹ⣬ͨǹ⴫ݸԼ
㵱ȻˬشӦպҹδһ뿪˵۶ǰ
ͬĲǵӣӻҪԭҲǴŻĹȶڶһ۶ĵʿԪʿҹδǡϾܹڵˣǶ޵ĺӣǵѪҺδΪĶҲδûпܡԣҲδûҪЩڳɳ֮ǰٵˣ;ʮֱҪ
ҹδǹ⣬Ҳ棬֧ʮüˡ
λ۶ʿӣҹδ˴ҲС˵ˣЩĵӣɽҲԼ棬㰲һЩȥһΪﵽһ̶ȣ԰Լ֮ڡ
һ·ϣЩ̺򣬸涼ࡣ
۶ʿҹδǲǰ·ûԪʿֻʿǴʿڷ˽Ĳ࣬ҹδءǶҲ̫Ȥҹδ뵹ǸȤֲʵ̫࣬¶Լ̫ࡣ
Ϊʲô뱩¶Լ̫ࣿ
ȥһİеĵطȻҪԼԼǷڣһԼԪĵơ
ԣʱʿһҹδʦһȻʦ׷߾һγСŶӡ


382 
ڶҹδҲ࣬һҹδƾĹϵʵ˵ĹȾҹδһ˵Ĵȣûĸʲô¶ҹδһ˾ͶĹȵĹھһ棬ҪˡûʲôƷ˾ͷˣȴˣȻ֮౧ȡů
ҹδҪţҪЩڽΪĶĿṩʱϢҲ˾뼸ദԼڷ⣬뼸˽綼ɸ̾ҹδڷ⣬ȺҪˣҹδܿͻΪڡ
һ˱ҹδˣǵУѾ϶ҹδڵĴȣڲǣһǡ
һ·ϲûзɱǵ飬ȫº󵽴˵ɽǾ޴𾪣ҹδȻž˵ɽ죬𾪵ó͡
ر߽֮ŨҹδͬнǣоֻǺܹԼΪ
ǹɽµĴס£ҹδ˱˲Ʒ壬ҹδʲôҲ֪Ҳʣס°ɡ
ÿһСԺסǷǳ
ҹδ뵹ԼԺΧߣûиԶصԼķ䣬ĥԼĶأţ
δ룬δ룡
ҹδſڣţʦ֣¶
ߣʦˣ˺óԵģ
ʦ֣˭
ʦֶ֪һһߵϽĹȶڵĶӳҲǴ󻪵ķʦ֪ˣʳǡҺ˵ʦѾǷˡ
ҹδ۾Ҳһ⽭ʦӦԼ˰ɣ
Ӧܹ˽һЩ顣
ҹδӿ˽Ųĺ棬ԭסľͲԶλʦȥסû߼ʮԺ䡣
ڽʦҵ磬ҹδûʲô⡣ǷڣȥѵԼ
δ룡
߽СԺһô£ΧʯżˣʯѾڷһЩƲˣһԷһʳУӦλʦִġҹδ뵽磬½Ҳվ
λǽʦ֣ʦ֣λҹδ롣
ʦ֣ҹδ뼱æʩ
Ǵֵصˣɡ
лʦ֣
ٴҹδ˶۰Ͱ͵ŽЦŶһƵ
ӭ
лʦ֣
˼æƱȻһ¾Ʊ
֪Ǽ˽ĿҲǸǽԣǱ߳Ա߽
߳Ա߽
ʦ룡

Ӽһеһ⣬״࣬ʮζ
ҹδ뿴һʯϣֻ̲ˣаܳԱ𣿿Ҫˡ
Ҳһ⣬һ£ϸ࣬ŵڼڳΪȴζлعһҹδ뼱æ˹ǹԼһӺǹűգȻ΢΢ıС
ҹδ벢û۾֪Լضǵһġֱ
ô
ȻʳȻ鴫
ҹδҲ۾˽ֻһʳΪǳƷٸߵʳк档ٳѩ⡣
̲½Ʒ֮󣬽ŵ˵˵ҾͲ˵ˣʷƾõǶ֪
ĵźţ֮ǰŵӡ֮󣬱ԳΪŵӡ
ʮ壬ֱǴ壬·壬Ʒ塭ÿһŷÿܵʿÿҲǵĳϣҲ˵ʮϡķǵƽ̡ƽ
˵ʵʲôʵģ
ʵŰɣ
ԣǵΪڿ֮ϣȻš
ǷʦʮôûסĲƷ壿
Ʒ岻ʮ壬ŵӭͷ塣
ҹδ˱ˣӭ͵ĵطȷµʿǰݷã;ס
ʮҲǺһɽ塣ܴνʮʮ壬ΧһЩη壬Щη嶼ÿһ塣ԣʮУ˴֮ʮɽ壬ÿɽӶ򡣡

ôࣿ
ҹδҲȵ΢΢ſ͡


383 ̽
ȻԺƽ̾ס֮أסƽ̺͵ӣپһЩĵӡ
֮ϾͲ˵ˣ̫Զ˵ڴ£һһ
Ĵηִǿһ£֮󣬵ĹһҪμǣһΥأִԲ˿
ʲôأʵ
ʱǾ֪ˡʦְڰֵڴҲηǹµǷַ񣬶һµ㣬ԼùµһԴĵط
ڴĺη壬ǲĵطƾĹµ㣬һڵС
ڴǰĴηһÿµ³죬дʿÿʿȥ
շѣ
˵˵ÿɽ壡
ÿһɽʵҲԼĲ͵ÿһɽҲԼĵʿŸɽسسƷҺ;Ĺȹھʿ˷塣
ʦ֣Щʿмɽģ½ʵ
ȻУʦֵԭ෽棬Ҳ档һǸϲáЩеĽ֮󣬷ֵ̫ˣ㲻ҪΪԼҪĿģǵҪķڸûʲôǴģϾԪЩʦ뿪ϸ֮󣬲ܹ壬ԪͱʦңѾʮˣûпϸҪﵽŶ;أĺѡ
˶ĬĬͷſɬʿ߷·̫ˡ
ԣֻǸ
ʦ֣̲סʵǸЩʦʦ㣬ֽˣ
ҡͷĿǰΪֹʷϸΪҪķʦɹ޼
˵ɬһЦϾЩ츳á
Ҳֳɬ
ǰ
ЩʦȻӵ츳ǵʺõĻҲѡǷ
һأʵ
ȻԴʦֵķҲԼķʦڷڷ塣Ҳˣܸߵļ롣Ϊߺ󣬻вֹһɽ壬ǡ
ʦ־Ӧôҹδһοڡ
һһֱûпڵҹδȻϣǼ壬󲿷ĹĹھԱڷ塣
أҹδʵ
϶Щǵɽ壬ô˵ɣЩɽǵԴӦñȷƽ߳ɡ
ҹδĬȻҪҪʵǸɽ壿
žڵĲ̫˽⣬ΪٵԵʣڵύ˺٣Ϊͻƣ㲻ȡҲڷ壬ԼͶ
ڵƺǵûаѴ鵱һ¶ͨ˾ˡû´ҲǵĵӶ˽ԴʦԵʣʶм١ǵȵƾͻת䣬˵ܿͻ鵽ԼʹĹϵ
Ŀǰ״ԼҪܡҼ룬ص˴󻪵۶һԼҲᱻԣֱӱץ
ô죿
룬ֿڵʦ֣ʵͶԵΣ
ʦֳһµʵڵƫ£ϾǷسڶԵӻǺܹƽġ
ʵǿɽĸ
ʵҹδ΢΢š
˴壬Ȼǽ塣ʿǷӣ¶ݡʵϣȥܲʡ
Ϊʲô
Ϊעصľսǽ뵽壬ҲΪеˣᱻƲ𡣡
ѵǲǣ
ȻڱҲǣϾҪǹǳеľսǱʶоͻǴƲ𣬻ж֪ǱʶǼ뽣壬ҲѡȴδһѣδһΣ֮ʱԸ㹲ѵѡΪǵĹųǣԸǿһ𣬺ǿ߳Ϊѡ

۲ֱȡ
ԣǵԸҲˣڽúܲģҲǿߣ
ʦ֣ҹδ¶˾ģϢʵǲģǰĸɽ壿
һ˿죺Ϊʦ壿
ʶ˵
ڵϼ壬ʦ뿪ȥѾˣδء
ҹδͷһʦʵо𣿡
߽һ翪ڵʦ֣Ҫһ롣


384 
УҲûвãĵҪסڽ뵽Ǭ̡֮
ʲô˼ʵ
ڽǬ֮ǰǲĸɽľɣ
ֶһۣͷ
ˣɽ뵽ǬʿǽдѹʾɽǿĽɽͷͬʱҲǷ£ǲͬ⣬ǽһѹ
Ȼڽ뵽Ǭ֮ǰѾѡɽǽдѹÿһνǬɽ嶼ᷢϾǬܹɵʿҲޡҶŽǬ
ˣ
Ǭ֮󣬵õһζʹ㣬ľľ޴ûٽеڶζʹ㣬棬ɷˡԣǶʹһ֮󣬱Ҫ뿪뿪֮Ǭ㲻ǽ롣
Ǭܹɶˣҹδٴοڵ
ͬʱˡÿһʹ˻뿪Ի᲻ϵóռ䡣
ô˵½Щˣδܽ뵽Ǭ
ǰͷδܽ¶Щ˻֡
֣
ԣǽ뵽Ǭ֮Ҫıɱ֣ÿɱһֻ֣о뵽ǵʶֱǵʶŹ͵ĸоʱ򣬱ȥǬˡǻЩʿǣɱЩ֣ɱֵĻᣬ㶼ûɱ֣ľ
òûн뵽Ǭʸ񡣡
ǡǶʲôΪ
ʦΪ͵ǴʦȻҲŲٵķڡǲܴùЩڡ
˵һ磺ȻҲǷڣֻǸţ̫Ӳգûһ˿ᡣ
еĶ־һ͡
ҹδ˲ͬɿʵѵвǷʦʿǬ
Ȼˡʿڿͨ蹬֮󣬱Ҳӵ˾ڽ뵽е;磬˻֮ǰҲҪŶ;ءֻдﵽ˾Ŷ;أǲſԳ˻ԣЩʿҲҪǬ
ҹδ˵Щ˵ΪԪ֮ϣ˻֮£
ԣĳ׶ΡˣЩʿҲɡԣǱȽ뵽ǬǽȥˣҲᱻǸϳǿԵǶˣٽȥ
ǡǸʱǬŶصЧ𣿡
ĬȻƬ̵ܹʣһģҪˡ˵ˣҲȽ룬ΪҪɱ֣ʶڵľ۵͵״̬ǵٶǱȲЩʿģԣôŬҲضںġ
ǡʦأ
ԳһЦҵڽǬ֮ǰ˷壬ʦʦİ£ǵõ˽ǬĻᣬҵõ˶ء
ԣϣܹڽǬ֮ǰѡȻҲǱϾʦʦ㱣Ƕǿˡ
ҲǴϣܹ塣
Ƿ𣿡羫һ
ȻǣҡͷҪ̫ҪעЩˣǴʦ֡
ʦ֣
ԣÿһɽ嶼һʦ֣ߴʦ㡣ǷĴʦֽ˾ͽءǡ
˵ˣҹδжһʧ
ǻǲӰ
ҲǣЩȻڴ콾Ϊ콾űصĵ츳дʵϣ¶ǵ׵ġ
СĻͲͬòã
ˣ˼ΪʲôҪأ
رڷ壬ԷΪſһһѵģӽȥһ˻

˵λˣ¾λʦҲǸҹδһᣬҪ
Ͼǲɽ壬Ƿ塣ǲȱʦ
ҹδбŰ˳ɵ뷨ѷųˡȥһӵɽ壬ҪˣᱣԼ
ҹδ˶ûҲΪ⣬ģĲ̫⡣ʮ󻪵ı仯ܸȤ˺ܶ࣬Ȼǡ
뿪֮󣬱һʿһɽ
еԴǿУеİеֱˬֱӣеί񣬸ָ̬ҹδҲ˼Լоɽһ䣺
ҽɽĴҲûΥĹأǸǹɽҪˣɽҽȥ𣿡
ÿɽĴظʮֺغҹδ˵
˭ңȻɽˣɽͱˡֻҪûΥĹأ˭ҲɽҰߡ


385 Ǭ
ǲĻҹδ£Թ۲ʮϸܹ˭˵ֱ׳˭ֻ˵˵Щ顣
ֱ׳ǽ壬ְ·𱣻ԼɽˣӦϧν
ڲס
ҹδһӾ򽣵ˡ
ûֳ̱Լ򣬱ϾԼķҲֻǷֻǴӶԷʷġ
ͱ˲ͬҪһܹԼɽ塣ܹӲɽ塣
Ҫһ۲죬ڽӴĵʿֻнǬ󣬲ſԴӴǸʱ򣬱Թ۲ʿһʿʲʲôһɽʿʣֵˡ
Ҳû̾ϾһڣԼ֣Ҫٹ۲һ¡½Ժѡɽ塣
ǲصĻᡣ
˶ѡ˷壬ϾҲԼ츳ߣõѡ
ǵѡҹδֻףǰǬ죬½Ѿվ˷ӵȺС
ҹδ˲ܹ¶ΧʿҲֻǵؿһۣ㲻ٹע
ֵùע
ҹδȴڴЩʿֳʮ֧飬ֱӦʮ塣һ٣ֻһٶҹδӦǴʿϾںĵӣνĵӲΪߣ츳ѡԭĵӾ٣ֱӴһһٵġ
ʣµʮȻв࣬Ҳ࣬ʮǧˡ⻹ֻǴʦڵʿԪ֮ϣ˻֮µʿֻξͳǧˣжǿ
ҹδΪ콾ˣ̬ࡣ
һҲ˴壬ÿһɽ嶼ˣʮɽǱǽʮʿʮʿвųǧˣܶ
࣡
ҹδ绹ţǬ֮֡ǵҹδ뵽Ǭ֮󣬷ΧֻԼһˡ
΢˼һ£оˡ
Ȼʮ֮ڴٽҲ󣬱ϾЩʿǵеľӢ̫ǵʧ
ο뵽ǬǸʿʹ㾫Ļᡣڽ뵽Ǭ˲䣬ǬͰÿһʿ͵ͬĵ
ȻǬǬ룬ҪǬɱ⡣
һУҹδҪԼѵľˡ
Χ˿һƬԭҰܹԶżޣǾǽʦֿ˵Ĺ֣ɱǣͻõ
ǣҹδ벻ҪռҺľʱܹԼľעôﵽ͵ĳ̶ȡ
пٵ˼ţڵÿһʿھɱܹޣվϾȵΧĹɱ֮󣬾Ͳò룬һ룬ʿͬһɽʿãһǲͬɽ壬ض
˾͸ҹδһᡣ
ԲɱޣֱǬʱǧʿȦӻûбպϣ˵պˣ໥֮䶼źܴķ϶ҹδͿԱֱش϶һԽȦӣһ·أκһӣֱӵǬ
;ޣԶ㣬ƹȥսʡʱ䡣ǿֻҪҹδ벻Ǵ򣬰ǻû⡣
Ȼ˾ҹδͱֱķӶȥֱԶһޣҪɱ֮ôվġ
͡
ҹδֱӼһ룬ͬ滨һ㣬ǸҲ͸ոճҹδһͱ̳ɸӡ
ҹδУǸ޾Ȼʧˡ
һֽʧˣһŴľҹδʶҹδоһ£ҪԼʶﵽ͵ĳ̶ȣƵҪɱٸޡԽǰߣԽ˵õ˾ҲӦԽࡣ
ǬȻܹޣ˾ͷֽ⣬¾
ҹδ̾ȴ˿ͣķӶȥԪʵӵ˼£ȥԼϼһзԼٶȸ졣
˱һӣҹδв
һӵʱûκһӣٶȣһӵʱ䣬ӦԽЩɱޣþĵӡҲ˵֮ǰûӣ֮·;Ͼ͸ˡľֻʣޡ
ԽߣȦԽС޵ܶԽ޵ʵҲԽǿ


386 Ŷ;
ҹδ¶ģ򲻵ѵ£Բô룬Ҳôġһ·ûзս£һȫУķ˾зһʱ䣬ϵǬ롣
ҹδͣ˴ǬȻģûһΧҲûޡ
ҹδٲǬſڣվſڲûнȥǿʼռʶڵҺľҺľʶڣ㿪ʼγɴľܿҹδʶһּΪ͵ĸо
ˣ
ҹδ߽˴Ŀһɨ֮ڿһȴڽ˲䣬оһĪ뵽ԼʶʼʹԼʶҹδֱһ䱼ӶȥȻڽϥʼ칤
ˡ
һ칤ǬʶĶʹ̷ҹδܹоԼʶһǰδеٶȵõʹ㡣һָоڵֻһһصĻ²ҪӾܹﵽĿġֻҪе߶أ֪Ҫʱ䡣
һ졣
졣
Լʱ䣬ҹδʶﵽ˵߶ͣȻһʶһεõչֱ֮ǰһ
߶ء
ʶ㿪ʼ΢ʹով߶أľĹޣΪʶʣ޼ľøϡڴڣĪȴڶʹʶ뿪ǬĻʹԽԽǿձҹδʶ
ҹδȻ뿪ٴοʼشռʶڰҺİˣʶʹԽԽᣬٴνעʶʶ͵ĸоʼ˰˶ͰأоһǬǲɷһ˿΢Ц
Ǭڳûһˡ
ⲻ֣˲ռףҪɱ޻þҪɽʿֻȥʱ䣬ôǬ
˶Ͱؿʼˣ
κķѵʱ䳤࣬߶غķѵʱ䳤һ࣬ҹδǬĵ죬һӰ߽Ǭҹδ΢΢۾һߴӰ
ʶ֪ǽĵӡΪûнǬ֮ǰվڽȺСƺڽλܸߣΪǸʱ򣬽ĵΪġʵҲȷʵˡ
˽Хӡ񾳽硣ҲǾԭ¶֮䣬һʵĳ
һ˴ţĿһɨɫһ㶡
ԭΪԼǵһǬˣȴû뵽Ѿ
һԼƲˡ
Ȼ֪ҹδȻ֪ҹδ֣ڽǬ֮ǰֻҹδ˹վȻԾҲںֱ˴룬ϥ£۾
ҹδǳ鴤һ£ǹŰ
ӣÿ춼ʿ뵽Ǭÿ˲࣬ʱֻһʱҲֻˡ
ˣҹδ뵽Ǭھʱ˰˶Ͱء⼸ʱڣҲнڵʿһζʹ㣬ò뿪Ǭ뿪֮ǰ֮ؿҹδһۣ֣ҹδô
һζʹҪôõʱ䣿
̫ʹľ̫ߣ
̫
˰˶ͰأҹδٴοʼռڰҺҲھᡣԼҪҪֹͣʹ㣿
ʹôãǻ˵Ļɵġ
ǻ̫ѵˡ
ҹδһҧʹ㣬Ϊⲻ漰ķ漰ֻдﵽ˾Ŷ;أпԼѨϣͻһֱͣԪ硣
ʱһȥڵ˿ʼҹδӰûڽúˣעⲻҹδ롣
һд
ֹȥʮ죬ҹδܹǬڴʮ죬˾Ŷ;ءɾŶ;֮ҹδɴռڰҺһʶҸоǬѾԼ𲻵ʹЧˡ
ǱŴȥֳ˼֮ɫ
ʮڽҲΧһЩʿۣԭǽĵӽ࣬ЩʿгԵһӵķ㽣ܴҲô̽塣Լķ񽣵ôӣ
ͲҪЩˡ
ӷĵӶǷӡ
ֻϾڴڣۺ̣ܶҲļ䡣ҹδԽһʶԥ
Ϊ˭ҲԸͷһ𰡣


387 ͻ
ҹδ߳˴⣬ҹδ߳ʱ˵Ŀⶼ˹ûԭÿˣᱻôһֻۡҹδ룬󲿷˶Ծһ£û뵽ҹδΪҹδû۹ûءǴǬڳˣҲв˲֪ҹδ棬Ͼҹδڽ뿴Ҳס
֪棬ܾã˵ĺХ
ҹδ̨׵˲䣬ҲѸٿһʿûнǬʿΪŶӣұߵʿǴǬڵõʹ֮ĵӣǺɢңеϥϾոնʹʶҪָеȺһģЩ˶ǳ磬Ѿָ˾ĵӡ
ҹδĿ΢΢˸һ£½ԺһȺӵŶӣλñȽϿ󣬵ûп硣˵ͷҲ࣬һطϥװģʵľѾռԲ
ЩʿҲҹδϵĿ˻˼ѾǬڳˣûбҪ鷳
ҹδ۾ΧЩʿģ˽ŲΧоǽŲԼвһݣȥХѾվǰҹδվźХʩ
λʦ֡
㲻ʶңȻԵš
ҹδҡͷʶʵҼʶ
ҲԣҹδԤϣХûգһȻ֮ɫոսû죬ʶҲҽкХ
ҹδ룬ʦ֡
ô¶
ʲôô¶ҹδСʵ
ôǬڴôã
Ҳ֪һ
Х΢΢ͣһ£ľܸ߰ɣ
ţ
Хͣһ£Ȼ뽣ɡ
ҹδ벻㶵źХû뵽Хʱ򷢳룬ХȴǴֵ
Դ϶ɽ壬Ϊǽķʦ١̫ԸǸ
ҹδ벻Ц⺫Хֱӡţͽǰˣ¶һ󽣣ٶԴȥ
Ҽǽ壬ͶһԱХŵ˵սƢֹŹ֣˵ʲôʱ͵˱ɽˡǼǽ壬Ҳ͵ˣû˸鷳
ҹδǡ¶һŵģ
ţʱֹĵӣһݵʿɫԺ֪ǽĴʦ˭𣿡
˭ҹδӵݻ
塣ʦֵΪ͵ʱ򣬱ں͵ɽ˳ͻɽʦնһۡ
֪ɽ˭
ǵĶӣҪץʦ֣ǵķֱӰ˻ȥ
˵̧ҹδļ򣺡ֻҪռûܹ۸ǡ뽣û

飡
淢ǳʹ˵ҹδѰȥɫһ䣬ʮǱڵϣĶվһŮӡ
ҹδ룬ٲǱȥǸӵҪҪʦְæֻҪͷӦ뽣塣
ã
ҹδͷҲص˹ȥХ¶һ˿͡°͵
Ӻܸհǽˡʵ²аɣʦ֣һҪҪæ
Х˫磬˵ɽˣֺα᣿
ҹδߵǰַ磬ôˣ
ҸոŶӣȴҰλøҲͬ⣬ʹҡ
ҹδתͷǸŮӣҹδ뿪ڣǸŮӱҹδ˹ȥ
飡
ǸŮӵ˳ȥСһĽӡ
ǸŮˤڵ֮һԾվɱ㣡
͡
ҹδи
˲
ڣ
ҹδһݣһеǱԳУŶŮƮ˹ȥеķϸһ
꽣ҹδû򺮣ȴϸ꣬಻˿˿һзУҲϸһƮǸŮӵǰ˿˿⣬ͬϸһ㽫ǸŮ֣и
飡
ǧһգҹδһٶСϣŮٶȵ˳ȥҹδҪ࣬Ů廹ڰУڱѪˤڵϣҪȴٴſȥ

󵨣

һӰҹδ˹ҹδͷһű
͡


388 Եϼս
һƬܼıŶʮʿȥʮʿ׷׻Ա򣬼βһҹδһĻᣬ
ȺŹ
̤̤
ߵҹδߣųһļ㡣žȻ
Ǭľʵ̫ˡ
󻪵ķ콾ʲôʱչ裿
˭ܹĶ˭ܹ䣬˭ܹһ١
˵ʵѾƴ֮ģֻǴ򲻹Էƴ򲻹
ҹδΪվһ̣;ƴˣΪͷҹδˡ
ʮʿŲһ٣˴˶һۣɫ΢졣
ʮȥΧҹδ룬ǶǸˡ

һʿҹδƽµʿࡣ촽ҪϣҹδѾǰֻöס˽ŲĿеҹδıӰ
˵Ľ˴ʿĿ⣬ҹδҲֻǺͶԷƬ̣б΢ɡ
Ǭһʿ˷ʦ֮⣬ǸոտѨϵʿûһʼ˻ģԼӵ˾ܹͷŵʵҲǿдͨ蹬ϸû˻ҲԪγѹ֮ƣҲֻ΢Ԫǿһ㡣
ҹδ뽻ֵʿȻϸʿֲϢҹδ뿪ʼѹƶԷҹδĴ
ԭԷΪǿȴǳɲͨԪǺ꽣Ʒ̫ʱѾ˶Է
͡
꽣ѹƶԷͷһ׷
Ǵ׷ֻһ׷Ѿ·ĶԷһ׷״˽࣬ҹδĳѾʺ
ɫѿȥֻһҹδ֮һʿҪǰХ
ƶ廹ҪҪˣս
λʿһӱ㽩ҲǣҲǡȺ߳һʿҹδ빰Ϊ
ƶ壬
ҹδ룡ԷǵһʩʿҹδҲϽò
Ǵһ֮ƶ岻˳֡
ҹδͷʤλó
ã
øɴ࣬Զ
ϣ
һƴ󽣹粨ԣҹδӡҹδ볤裬˿֯ԷĽƾԵ档
춯ָҹδһָһҹδ뼤䡣һŷӴƮ˳һˮƿؽɡ
ֻһغϵ̽ѾоҪҹδܲףκ󳷣ں󳷵ĹУһ«ڰС
ˡ
һֻֻӺ«з˳ǧҹδû˹
˻˻˻
һҹδĴƮ˳Χҹδߡҹδľ̽˿ÿһ˿ƿһŷÿһŷͬһϼһĻ
͡
һŷͷţÿһŷǱÿһűֵķΧзԲסűͬʱб
һֻֻͱԿѸٵήΪʹæ춯һֻֻ㻯һ棬˺«֮С
䡭
ͻȻûڣͷֱ
һּŷΧƵҹδ룬вɿЦҹδķûкľ֮ǰͲҹδĶֵ֡
䣡
ãҹδ˷ͷȥɣ
ʱҪᶨվҹδһᶨƵŷŶӵλȥվЩʿɫܲÿҪսҹδ룬ʵûаաǿҹδʵҲǼܲסҹδķడ
һӰХǼɨЩʿȻҹδϣ
ҹδ룬Ҵһ㡣
ʱҹδѾ׼ӦˡʾԼʵټ뽣壬ﵽԼӮýʿ𾴵Ŀġ򣬼Ǽ˽壬ҲᱻΪĸʿÿ춼Ϊˣﻹʱ
ҹδ룡
Хո£վڶһλʿӶ˳ҹδ
һҰˣλø㣬ˣϼ塣
ϼ壿
ҹδĿһڵϼ壬Լϼ壬
ҹδ룡ХֱͦͥͣʶѾﵽ߶ء㲻Ķ֣뽣壬Ը
أ
ҹδеսһ˿˿ԼδûкͶԷһʵԼĽ͵϶ԷϾͥͳ׵ĻͱԼ֪߳٣ʶ;Ҳ֪߳Լ٣ȻѧҲԼߡ


389 Ǭ
ҹδԼǾŶ;أδؾͲܺͶԷһ֮ԥǵĻᱩ¶Լеơ
ܾܾ
ܣ
ӦսԼֻͥһ֡иĶֳս
뽣壿
Լ֮ǰԸͰ׷ˡ
ã
ҹδͷѾ˳ױ¶Լĵơ
Щʱ䣬ص㣬㲻˵Ǳ¶ƣǸ
Хɫأͥ͵ϵЦݡ
ˡ
ǰȭͷ
һһ
ҵһԷǬСˣͥͷ棬̹̹ӮһƬк
ҹδ붯ɿ죬οʼˣͬʱԼͷһʦķһʦзȻŴʦԼΧҹδζʼ
䡭
ҹδλںУǬѾϡ
ʦķ֣ò絴ϸܵơ
ÿ죡ǿķ
ҹδȻ˲ţѾ׽ɿĹ켣ֽǬȥͬʱַɿͷһʦķ
͡
ǬɿתͻȻı˹켣ӳӹķϡ
䡭
ҲڼͬʱںķϣķٴγϸܵѺۡ
ͥͷЦʦҿ㻹жʦ
Ȼ۾ֳš
Ҳʦ
͡
Ȼ׽ǬĹ켣Ǿȫҹδ뽫չһ򣬽Լ棬꽣İ֮һϸࡣ

Ǭ꽣档Ǿ޴ֱ۷顣
͡
һʦͷţȻҲԼΪԪľȫ
ҹδɢɫ⣬ͷһɫ

ҹδĽ죬˿ܣҲǿǬܼصֵ⡣
ԪԲ
ҹδͷڵɫХɫȻһȫû뵽ҹδܹڵͬʱܹԪԲ˾ȣʿˣǺҹδսͥҲࡣ
ಡ
ƸǬͬһ㼱ٵҹδ벻ϵײǷһ˿Цݡ˳ȥҹδذܡ
ԪԲסǬ򣬶ҹδķԶҲòꡣ
ܹ뵽ЩҹδȻҲܹ뵽
䡭
һŷͥƮ˹ȥͷţ
ͥͷһ֣չƷ磬һŷͷŵĵȻ׽Ӱ
ǿ
ҹδûѲĶ֣֪÷ԷܴﵽЧϾͷŵҪʱġ
ֻ÷ˣ
÷ʦǴʦǷڼ
ÿһζӦľ粻ͬҲоġһӦŷʦķӦŴʦķļ̶̳Ȳܹڷڹʦķ
ҹδ׼÷ʦķ
ķͱ˲ͬ˵ķÿһֻܹһǧķܹǧķÿһ㶼˸
棬ʦķҹδǹ˲١ȻԹʦķˡΪʲôҪʦģ
ȻΪá
ȷҰҪһѵû
Ȼûˡ
ԣҹδԼķռ޴Ҳ˴ķʦķ
䡭
÷ͷŵƾٶȿ죬ڵķͻͷš
˲
ֲ˹켣ͥζܲˡҲҪˣҹδľǾŶ;أΪ˸ıԼĸ¿̻ĵƣǽٿ΢ľ硣
˵ͬʱͷٸʦķͬʱͷǧҲû⡣
ΨһҪǵľ̫
ҹδ
°
Ϊռ䣬ʱԲĵľ
ÿһͷŶٸ⻹ҹδţ̫ˡٸԵĶС
򣬱⣬룬
ȻǷʦǶడ
̫ܼˣ
ν϶ҧˮʯ
ͥͷ֣Щ˺
ڷɿģ֪ȥˡҪһҹδѹԼĸɾ֮ǰҹδ롣
ϣ
һУһ㣬ҹδ뼤ȥͬʱٿǬҹδٵع
䡭


390 뽣
һĿצشٵŵͥͣҲ޷һ
һǷͷŵģҹδһŷ
һʦ
ǧ
ٵֵͥͣҹδ͵͵ͷһŷһԱܿûô
䡭
һͥ͵ͷϣ֣ͷϣȻֵ˴ܣµܻһͷԵڵϣð̣鴤ݵɥʧж
Ǭʧȥ˵Ŀƣڵϡҹδγͥ͵ߣⶥĲϡ

ͥ³һð̵ĳֳ֮ɫȻǵϼĴʦ֣ҲΪ콾ȴһոմ׽ˣе֪ӵǬ򣬵ͷȻȥ
ҹδ΢΢̾ϢһˡҲں֣Ȼָָǰλáҹδмؿһۣٲŵλȥ
ХҹδʿĿ⣬ĽŲһ٣ֳ֮ɫ
ҹʦãХҡͷпǷʦսĺܳԿ
ҹδȴҡͷĺܴġ
Х˷ҹδͷŵһԾͷٵȻֻǷʦ𣬵Ŀνˣ治ʲôʦܹܵġͥͲСҹδ룬ȡǬأսδ֪뵽ҹδԪľ磬һֽҲһĽסǬĽҹδ˾ͷŷͷ
ҲǣĽ⣬δصסͥ͵Ľû뵽ԽҲ˾硣ô壬Ľкô
ãҹδͷ
㡭Хɫһͬˣ
ţҹδЦ⡣
֮ǰ
뽣壬ܵó֤ʸ񣬵ȻָĲǷ
ХЦ̫˼ˣҲ̫Ըˣһûмķʦ̫ǽķˣ
һЩĵΧ˹˴໥ܡÿ˶ҹδ붼ʮȣȴϺ𾴣һֶͬ𾴡
ǵҹδ벻һʦһʿһȺ˱һߣϥʼġ
ҹʦãҹĽƺ
ţǺ꽣ֻϸ֮࣬ȴû򺮡ľǺ֮塣
ⲻѣǽһȥﳢһ£Ҫ򺮣õĵطǱѩɽ
ҹδ룬ҸȥѩɽһܹԴΪɣ뿪һȥ磬Ҫǿ֮塣
ʦ֣ܸҽһ½𣿡
ãХʵҲûʲôýܵģǷ壬ܵΪλϣ۶ΪµҲûʲôýˡ
ˣǵĴʦǵػ硣
ЩХͣҹδ벻ʵ
ǰХ˫һ̯㻹˽ʲô
аɣҹδҰҰ죬ڽȫ˽⣬ȻҲ֪ʲô
ҹʦãȻص壬ʲô׵ģʱҡХҲоԼ̫ܵˣҲ֪νܣЩ˼ز
ллʦ֣
ãХæ֣ЩɬǷڰɣ
ţҹδͷ
ǡܸһŷڵķ𣿡
Хֻ֣ڴҹδ롣֪ҹδǷڣǼֵʹΪͬڵľ磬ӵһŷڼķȻ൱ڶһȴһǿֶκͱϡ
ڵķɲˣ
ΧĽʿҲеҹδ롣ҹδ뵱Ȼܾܾһ£ϻֳΪ֮ɫ
û⣬ҲҪԣÿֻܹŷ
žţŶӾǡХϲǲҹʦΪѣ뽣֮ÿҪϽһŷġÿ컹ܹΪǻŷѾǶ֮ϲˡ
Ŷ
ÿҪϽûʲô֡Ʒ˾ʱÿҲҪй̶޸û񡣵ܰˡʵ
ÿҲҪһ񣿡
ǵǣÿһǵǿԵġҼ˵ǻȥӸΪֻɸ񣬲ܹøĵֻ֣иĵ֣ܹڵһҪԴ
ҹδͷʾԼס
ǷʦðХпֻҪɻͿˡҪõ֣Ҳû׬ȡ
ˡ
ÿ½һٶʮŷֽӦķīϽһŷͿˡʣµľԼɹķǾҪĻ֣ûл־ȼˡͻһֱûлȥһԴ
ףҹδͷ


391 ѡ
ǡХЩ˼شŴ֣ǵȻܰķǵշļ۸񣬵Ҫӵһʱ򣬻١Ҳϣ˵
ҹδЦˣͰʰɡ
ǡ̫ˣХϲĲϺ㻻ģ׼Կ
Уҹδͷ
ʦķҪķֽͷīƷѾܸˣֽѾֽƳģƤȻƤáīҪҲѪѪźХЩ˸ԼṩϣҲȥԼܶ鷳
òζһҹδ벻̫⣬ʦʦ㣬Ӧò̫׬ԼıˡԼʧܣʮʮĳɹʡ
̧ͷһۣǬм˳߽˴һߣ˻ŶӣĽؿ߽˴Щηؿһҹδ롣һʿĽĿ⣬һ
ǵʧֻڷ塣
ҹδˣвһ
ԴҪǸҪУҪ֪һǱŴڳûдڵĴУʱ⵹ʱմֻзڵĴУ㽫Ŀ˺ХХЩε
ҹʦáĴȷʵġ϶ҪȷһЩڴȴűȷ廹ȫĴС
ǺǡǱߴЦ
Хüͷһ壬ɫȴҹδ뿪ֹסʦ֣ϸ˵˵𣿡
ȻҲӦ֪ÿɽ嶼ԼĲ󡣡
ţ
ǽĲĴоǹڽġǽĲҲҪ֣ܹѧϰġڽĵӣѵĻҪٺܶࡣ
ȷ˵ڴڿһͬĴҪʮֵĻڽֻҪһ֡
ҹδ˼˼ǣĴУڴĲڶУĶҪĻڷĶʮ
ԡҡûеĴУҲСϾǵܲ󡣾ǡ̫ˡ
оͺãҹδĵͷ͹ɣԼ׬һЩ֡
ʱ䣬ҹδΧĽʿһ½ĵãȻǺͷڵĽһ̫ࡣһҲףһǰʵҪЩ˸̫࣬ȻڽҲȺХǸ̫߳ࡣ
ֹȥ죬ˣҹδǰҹδлȻʵ
ļ뽣ˣ
ţ
Ҳ뽣壿
ҪԼ⣡ҹδ㽫Լ˽Ľ壬йڷе˵һ顣

΢΢üͷĵط
һһٶʮŷֽӦķī޷һŷڼķΪŸոͻƷڣɹʲߡһĵطǴУڷĴԲ塣̫
ˣǼ뽣壬ǻǶĸ𣿡
ǰҹδͷ֮ǰҹÿ궼޳һЩ֣ǡһְɡҪȷ巢ĻֶһŸǧ֡
һܹٷڼķֽͷī
֪ҹδתԶĺХʦ֣һܹٷڼķֽͷī
ǧݣХܹһŷڼķֽͷī
ŶˣҹδҲͨʦȡƷϡ
ԶԣХЩʿִ˹϶ȥ߳۸ԵǵҪһЩǸƷϣҲԼȥˡ
мһ£һķ棬ƺͨⷽʣµľǵڶ棬ʵ
ʦ֣ڷкͷ٣
ÿĻ϶ûʲôĲǧɽռĴҲ٣Ǹģ˵ͷûʲô𡣵ڻϵչ룬Ͳˣͬɽڽϲһ
ʵؼĲǴУǽռĴУҲһʦһܹѧȫѧ͸ģؼԴ̡
ͱǽ壬ڽ棬źܶʦʦʦԴڡҪԼһǿ̫࣬ҽϰʿҲܹʱҲˣ˼ʦʦʦ洫ڣŴʦֵܽ϶һ
˵Ǹؿҹδһۡ
ҹδڰֵҲһķʦҶԽҲǳС
԰ХһĴȵһǵһμһڣܹԪԲˡĲһķʦ
һҹδ벻ɴ㵣ôһôܣ


392 
ǣ˵ĲԣǵһμôķڣԪԲ
˵Ŷ
ҹδĵЩϸķʦ϶ֹԪԲ
ڸˣҹδ벻ͬΪԼһķʦԴΪĿꡣֻ˳㡣ľᣬҹҹδҲտڲԡֹһ˾ҹδ빰ֵ
δ룬һķʦһǼɡ
ʵϣӽ뵽һ죬Ϳʼᡣҹδһ̸˽⵽ɽȻڷ壬ǴкԴⷽҪ˺ܶࡣջѡ˷塣
ûԴⷽ桭
ˣ
վҹδͺХ֣˻Ȼ˷ǱߡǱߵҲľϲֳϲԵǸʿ
ʦ㣬ǷˣǶʮķڡ
λʦһ˿ϲãһʮķڣڷҲ٣ɼڷš纬Ц
ʦãӭ츳ʮǺϣͻƴڵġЩ˷˷壬Ƿ˳Ϊڵĵ·
Хŭҹδ΢΢ҡͷХλʦһۣջĿ⣬Ȼʵ
ҹʦã󣿡
ʮһ
ХֳԾ֮ɫǻʦЩʿҲֳԾ֮ɫ󣬺Хŵ
ҹʦãҪٿǿǣ
ʲô
𡭡ķ֮·
˵˳壬壿
ţХһ£ȻҺϣ뽣壬ǡһš
ǱߵĻʦɫҲһ˹ҹʦãҪڷߵøԶΨһѡ츳ʣ壬˵ᱻΪ״ӡ
лλʦ㡣ҹδվʩһҪ뽣塣
ΪʲôХͻʦ㼸ʵ
ΪҾڽ츳ҲԱȷҸϲ
㡭Ǳʦɸ֣˦ȥ
Хҹδļ򣺡ҹʦãڽʲô׵ģҡ
лʦ֣
ٺ١ХεشŴ֡
ʦ֣ʲôΪ
Ѿͨ˶ʮ˸Ѩϣʶ߶ء
ǲҪͨʮѨϣʶﵽŶ;أܹ忪裬ϸˣ
ǣХֵǷʦͬǷʦҪʶŶ;أȳ裬ϸͨʮѨϡ
ǲһ
ǲҪŶ;أͿȿѨϡȴҪȾŶ;أܹ蹬
ǵһľ蹬һ蹬ԣǿѨϣϸ񣬺ͶʶûбȻĹϵʶʹľߣҲ͸ףٵϸҲ͸
ԣڿѨϵʱ򣬲̫ںʶĶʹ㣬ǵǿʮѨ֮󣬶ͣ蹬רעʹʶʶﵽŶ;֮󣬲Ż蹬
ȻҲе˶ˣϾһӶܽʶʹ㵽Ŷ;أ˾ͻǰ蹬߶صʱصʱⲻ󾳽ͻƣȴغսʵ
ҹδЩˡ
ͳʿȴͨʮѨϣȻԲʶֱӹͨ蹬ϸҲԶʶٹͨ蹬ϸĲʵߵ͡ʿȴȿ蹬
Ϊλˣ
Ϊʿʺ츳ܲǵѨϣ˵򣬱ڵѨ϶ûп˵ȫʦҪȿ蹬ϸ
ϸʲô
һþ洢ӴľľˣͿľȫѨϣ̶ᴩѨϣγɾУǵڴ԰ҹδ˵ķ
ǽһİҹδȴǲΪϸ磬ҲͻƵڵľ硣ڴڣҹδ벢ûеõС뵽˵ȴûдУǽûУҲһС
ֹȥʮ죬ǬڵľˣջһٶûеõʹʶҹδźХ뿪Ǭֱǰ塣
ҹʦãǾǽ塣Хָһɽ塣
ɽ˺ܾòŽ뽣塣̤뽣ķΧ洦ɼ֮ˡе˱һͬһ㡣Х򽣡еųȥȴʼһʽ֮ˣͬǵϣǵȴһͬǾǴ⡣


393 ֻ
Хҹδȥݼʦ壬ȴ֪ʦֱչˡִȥݼڡһʦ£˽ʦ˽塣
һװһ·һơ
ǸŵĹأ͵ĵͼԼĽܣнһ֮֡ѡ񶴸ХһЩ˶ĵذҹδѡ
ҹʦãѡһʲôĶŨģǻľġ
ľġҹδ
Ҫ㻹ȥұߵĴηɡХǽʦʦʦ͵ʦסĵطʦסڴηĶߣʦסߣʦסϱߣʦסڱߡ˲࣬ľЩҲйͬԣƽʱܹ໥
ҹδˣηǽ尲Щʿĵطʵ
ηжˣ
࣡Х̾ϢһýûĸʿˣʦֻˡзһˣҲǷڣˡʣµĶǴʦʦֻʦа˸ʦ
ҹδȻôһη壬;סôˣôǿһ壬ôʿҹδڶڻԼ뽣徿Բˡ
ôô٣
ô֪Хҡͷ
Ӧƭˡ
λ廤ӵ鲻ҲǼٵİɣ
ҹδЩЩźХȼʮұߵη塣ֱȥ˶棬ӭһ׷ߣǰ׷߿˺Х
ʦֶǣ
λҹδ룬¼뽣ķڡХܵ
ڣλɫһ㡣
ҹʦãλᵽķ񻪡
ʦ塣ҹδǰʩ
Ƿڣ´ҹδ룬һĲš
ǣҹδͷ
񻪵ŲţȤȴˣֳЦݵ
Ҫѡɣ
ţ
ɽܴ١ⶫ棬סǧ˲ڻ£ȴֻˣҲֻˡ˾סúܷɢ
˵ҹδһ㶮񣺡Ҳ֪Ƿʦþ
ǣҲѡһľĵط
񻪱ЦûУľĵطࡣѡһطľ֮
ҹδ̧ͷ˿ѡɽɡ
ŰɽȥȻҹδѡһľ֡
ɡ
æ
Хһʮ˱æ⼸ʮ˶Ҫύҹδˣһķڣû˲ύ
ʮʿ¡¡ľͰһƬмһٶôˣȻһŵȥкܿ۳һֻֻƣĵƽʵ
͡
ǽӣһɴСһľ壬ӺȻ㿪ʼ¥

ҹδҪһľ¥
ƽһӣܴĴӣҪŪһˮ̶ܲܽԼҪɽˮˮ̶һЩ㣬Ϳɳԡ
Ȼ󡭡
ǼʮʿͲڣÿȭͷŵȥ۳һ˶ȭͷؾҳһӡҹδֱ鴤ңȴͻȻԼڷɽУͱϵǸӡһƣ֪ԼѾԪľ磬ĳһƻһʲô̶ȣ
ջûȥԣ̫ˡ
ߺңȻǾ˴ηϵЩʦʦʦʦһߡΪˣ˫һܡʦҹδ벼һˮʦֲһôСˮٶȺܿ졣ʱǸҳĴڲһˮܹۿɼؿǸڿʼˮ
νˮ󣬱Ϳеˮ֣ڴڣγһˮ̶
ǼʮʿٶҲܿ죬ûеƻʱ֣ѾѶľ¥Ǻˣһ֬ͿĨ˷ˮľΧĵҲʯϣ֮󣬱Ţ
ֻľڻסҪɡԣ񻪵£ҹδʱס
ηߺòһˣһÿ˶óʳߴϯХҲԳֺ嵽ҹŸɢȥ
ڶ졣
û˺ХǼʮˣηЩ־һԼ˸ҹδӷ硣ҹδҲҵ˻ʵ
ʦ壬ǴηΪʲôôˣ
Ϊʲô̾Ϣе츳־ˣ壬壬塣ô뽣壿
ʵϣǽ壬ɽķʦʦʦ͵ʦҲǲࡣ


394 
ҹδˣһһķʦȻѡ壬±ɽĸǷһǴȴûз岩ûзԴ̡Ҳֻз忴ϵˣֲԸڷˣŻѡɽ塣
ͱԼΪҪһӵĵطԼѡ񽣵
Ȼᣡ
Ȼѡ塣
ˣ
ҹδ뼱æʵ˵Ƿܻӣ
⵹ģ񻪵ͷȻڽ壬úͣͲǰǷȴԻӣǲ۸
Ǿͺãҹδа
ҹδĵһĿģҪѰһӻ֮أģ˵ڶλ˼ԲߣΪ˼ʱ䡣˷ſصЩ˽
ڷ棬Ĳҹδ롣ڷʦ꣬ͨȴǲ٣Ҳҹδ벻ٵ
ҹδ벻ܹķܹʦֻϵˮƽʦóռ󷨣ȴʦΪ塣
ҹδ뻹ѹƵķָǼʦǼʦϲԡֻڵʦⷽľǰ׳ˣʲôҲ
ͨЩ˵죬Ҳ֪Щ˵ΪͣͣΪкûԴ̵ԭ򣬻һҪԭ򣬱ûôԴġ
ԭһԴְҵ
û˸Դ̣ǵǵʧʶҪȵɽʿߵ̫ࡣ
ǵԴǵķʿʮ
ҹδ벻ͬռ䣬ҪԴԣҲӦлΪЩʦռһЩҩЩʦҹδҲøд

ҹδصԼľ¥û뿪ȥǹ⡣֮ǰѾǹˡûд£˾Ҫ档
ľ¥ڵϢ죬û飬ֻǵԼ״̬Լ״̬Ѿﵽ۷ʱʼȿѨϣǿ蹬Ҫ·ӣΪ
ܳΪһĵơ
ǳתʼ۵ÿʼߵʱ򣬾Ŷ;صľʼƿأȻѱ
͡
ҹδ뿪ʼѨϡ
ڼȥеǴηϵҹδ뽻еǽ֪ͨҹδȥеǺХԴҪһǿľ¥һӣдűչ֣ѶϢһȥ
º
ľ¥Ĵűƿҹδ߳С¥ĿһƬѩףѩߺǰˮ̶Ҳ

ҹδ³һڰ˵ľòͬѾʮѨϣʮѨΪһ壬Ͳ俪蹬ˡ
ڣץһ򣬾̽룬һһĶǷ΢Ц
Ҳˡ
ȥ󿴿ɡ
ಡ
ҹδѩϱӯ磬̤ѩ޺ۡ
塣

ҹδ˽ȥָų̀һſڹ̨ϵ̧ͷҹδ룬Ҳ˵ҹδֻ˵
ǷʦҪڷؼ
ƣ߹žؿڡ
ҹδȡԼƷ˹̨ϣ϶һ£̧ͷһҹδ룺
ģ
ţ
㿴һֿ￴һ졣һֽһûȥ㿴
ôˣأ
ǵøƷĲͬȡͬĻ֡ÿһзӡֻܹ飬ĸҪõ⡣
ҹδӹˡ
ӦǷ͵ڽ嶼ڼѵ״̬˭ýⷽûоأֻĸҹδǡˣҲû١ƣ档
ҪĶڵһ㡣Ǹߵ
лл
ҹδ뿴һܣڷһĶһ򣬹ȻûбӡĶ
ҹδ鿴˼򣬴ӷʦǰȥֳ鿴˼ʦͷڵ˴ڵǰûȥЩڵķҵڸص
һһ죬ֻһ֡
ڶ죬˲ȴ˵ڶ㣬ҵЩ蹬ϸĸ࣬һЩʿµľࡣЩȻȷ󣬵ͱࡣ
һ
ҹδ￴һ죬˶ٸ֡ȻȥһҪķԴصԼĶ
һʮ£ÿһŷҪһǧƷҹδڵٶȣһܹһţҲʮ顣


395 
ʼоڼ·ռڷϰ¯࣬ȻٳһţڷڽǸѧ·ճ˻ѵʱͳˣһµʱ䣬񣬻ڷڹճһǧַڼķ
һµʱ䣬ͣػѾľȫƽŶ;صʶʮѨҲȫȶһӦХǵķ˳Ҳǡ
ʱҹδľ¥ϵĵذϡ໥Ӧͷ档
蹬֮󣬱Ҫ蹬нϸ
ʮ൱죬ʮһ൱ڵأϸһϣ൱ˡ
ȫ
ϸǳصࡣ
ϸڹͨʶ⹵ͨء
򵥵˵ҹδ磬սѡַʽ
һֻҲԹ֮ͨЩԪµʿս
ֻΪ֣֮ͨȡ֮ĳ̶ҪһЩ
ڶֻþȻҲԹ֮ͨЩûķʦս
ֻԾΪ֣֮ͨȡ֮ĳ̶ҲҪһЩ
ֱϸڹͨʶ;ΪΪһֲθߵΪ֣Ȼ⹵֮ͨȡֽ֮ȡĳ̶ߵģҲǿġ
ôȻǿҹδʿΪλҪõһֺ͵ڶ֣

ٰ
Բ򲻵ѵ£ʿٶõ֡һãǱ˺ԼʵµĶ֣ǵ˲Ĺؿڡ
ϸν
߷ʦ֮ʿûʲôѡģΪǷʦԿ蹬֮Ǳ㽫Ž蹬
ϸ
ǣʿȴͬȻŷҲûС
ڿ蹬֮󣬽ϸ֮ǰʿҪԼԺˡ
磬ԣ
ǵԣ˫˫ԣ
磬Լİʲô
УǷ磬ףȵȡ
磬Լıʲô
ǵǽǹǶȵȡ
ΪʲôҪ֮ࣿ
ΪϸҪ
ʦķʿҲҪ
ȷ˵һϵʿǶԽ츳֮ˣǵıضѡ񽣡Ȼĳʿֶ϶ȣôѡľһ׽
ҲҪ蹬ھһһԵĽ
һ֮󣬴ӴԺֻܹ·ϷչǾ֮Ⱦ֮ǰսʱͷŵٶȸ죬ܸǿƽʱ򽣵׵İ壬ҲΪϡ
Ǿϸڡ
ڵҹδȴЩᡣ
ΪǴķʦҲδؾҪߴķʦ֮ҲδҪ蹬С
ԽʶȻ蹬һİ塣һʦ·ĸˡڷʦ·ϣ֪ܲߵøԶͬʦıȶУض·硣Ҳ֪Ľʶڵķ᲻Ӱ蹬ڵľһĲ񣬷Զ
ǵǳˡ
ڵȥ̱ˡȥݷ񻪣Ҳǵһҹδ⣬ε֪
Ȱ߷֮·
ҹδ룬ȥݷúХХ⣬Ҳûн飬ȴȥݷϼ
ϼǽĸ۶ĴʿУΨһһŮԴʿֵ壬۶ʿչˡ
۶ʿȻô׼ģ˭̣ǻˣ
һ·ҹδͺܵһ㣬˺ХХҲûеףȴٵ⣬ҲֻϼĴʿ
ϼĶţһŮ߳Хæʩ
ʦ㡣
·ҹδѾӺХ֪ϼһӣžҲæʩ
ʦ㡣
žﻹ£
ХԶžʦ㣬λǽ꽣ĵӣҹδ롣һλڡ
ž۾һ£ҹδ롣
ڵϡ棬ķڣȴòӡ
ʦ㣬ϵ⡣ѡһ߷ʦ֮·Ž蹬һ֮·蹬¾޷֪ףǰʦá
žĿȷʵͨ⣬漰ʿһӵ⡣
Եȣȥһʦ
Ͷʦ㡣ҹδ뼱æʩ
ص˴ԼʮϢʱ䣬ž߳ҹδεžﺬЦͷ
ɡ
лʦ㣡
žﺬЦҡͷ߽˶һλŮӣȻֺ룬ҹδ룬Ŀ⾹Ȼҹδ屻ʹĸоؾصʩ
ҹδݼʦá


396 
ϼ´ҹδһ۵Ѿ˵飬ʷϣҲûо֮
˵ϼֳ֮ɫ˵Уǧǰͬһ޵ķʦһҶ̤һвǲ٣ΪҲضá棬Ϊƽ֡һֱϸʱ
Ҷ̤蹬¾󣬽ʶ߷֮·蹬
˵ϼĬȥҹδ˵ȣ̲סʵ
أ
ϼ̾Ϣһҹδһֲ𣺡ڷ֮·һҶ̤ȴ뿪֪١
ڳĬƬ̣ҹδĿ¶ԻΪλˣ
ϼû֪ҲֻҶ̤֪Ҳʹȴֻҡͷ
Ʋ
ҹδ۾һϼһۣ̾ϢƲĽǣһ˵ʶ󰡣
䡭
ͬһҹδͷϣȻ
ǰ
һ˵ʶι
ȻԼռ䣬ǾҲ޵ģ˵ˣռڵľǺ󲹸ġ
ϼ뿪ҹδеǰ֮ǰֻ޷ѡΪ岻Ȼ֪ѡȻȡ
صԼľݣ죬Ϳ轨ϸͻȻһ˽һҲ֪һǰʲôΪܾúӣȥһˣҹδ㽫ʶ뵽һ㡣ҵ˽һԼͽһ˵һ顣һȴ
蹬һⲻ;ʦԣһ˵ʶǹġǣȴҲζ蹬·֮󣬾Ͳ·ˡ
ҹδɫһϲһ˵蹬ɿ·ӣ
ȻһȻҲߵķ֮·ǰҲкܶϵѡֻʦ·ӣҪʿһЩ
ҹδͷҲԤϻˣȴ֪Ϊʲô
ԭܼ򵥣ڸ˵֮ǰҪ㣬ʦ·ӣҲǱеʿҪӶ෽ȥ
ָ̣ҹδ빰Ϊ
ȣĹԲ㡣ܶʿѡʱ򣬶ѡ񹥻ǿľ󡣱罣
ҹδһʿʱ򣬿϶ǽ
Ϊʲôѡ񹥻ǿľΪǿҪ֪İ壬ǻܵġ
ѡǹԾ󣬾ͻɹѡǷ;󣬾ͻɷء־ȴȲǹֲǷءЩЩأƫӹľ
ʿĳһ󣬾ѡӹľԷʦսоͻԵһЩҪôᱻ֮Ϊ
Ҳеİ嶼Ҫһµķ򣬻˵µķҲδؾڡӹķҲδزڡ
ҹδ벻Ի
һ˼һµһУôġµķ޵ġ仰˼𣿡
ҹδ˼Ǽоͷģ
ԣоͷġһﵽ˼£Ҳʹﵽ˾ͷӹķȴûоͷġ˵ľͷҪԶΪֹûߵͷ
Ϊλˣҹδʵ
ΪӹеȺƽӹǰݣν˴󡣲ϵȥںµںϵԽ࣬Խֺ񣬱ƽ͡Ҳһߵ·Ҫߵ츳ΪߵòãͻеȺƽӹ
˵ҹδһۣҪ·Ĺ㺮ͲʺˣΪ㺮һ֮·
ҹδ뿪˷óء
ˣǱضҪŽ蹬ġҲ·ߣһʼ߷֮·Ϊһķʦһʿ֮·Ҫ֮߰·ˣǼʮͰ׷ˡ
ԼҪҪ֮·
ȻҪߣ
ҹδֻǺ̵ܶʱھ˾ΪǽŽ蹬֮·߷ʦ֮·һԽʦ֮·ڡȻ֮·־
Ҫֳһ־޷ֳһ־
һ˵ʶһ˾Ҳ
ǣҹδռ䣬Խʡʱ䣬ʱ;
ķ򡭡
ҹδֿʼͷˣ˰Ҳûֽ뵽һ㡣
һҪķѡְ壿
Ҫķʲôԣ
Ҳ֪
㲻֪ԼķʲôԣһԾҹδ롣


397 ͻ
ҹδӷڳȻľڣԼķȻӷڽһ˳
һƮķֳ֮ɫȻƮΧŷתȦſᣬתҹδʱɴ𾪡
δ룬ҲȴҸоŻԪϢ
Ԫҹδ΢΢üͷʱնϣǱ֮ǰҲ޷沢Ϥ
ԣǻԪνԪҲɳԭʼһ֮ʶι˷ϷҲνʶ㣬ιδ˷
ҹδ΢΢ҡͷ˵ʵˣҪѡְ壿
ҹδ벻˵һҲʣֻҹδĿⲻ֮ǰǰ⣬Ǳ𾴡˼Ƭ̵
лԪ崫УȻѡûУѡҲɡУǻԪĻԺõԪУҲˮɵרޣû˿ͰûеõԪУҲԼԪΪһЩˡ
һⷽĴУ
ûУһҡͷ
ҹδͷʶ˳˷ſ۾
û뵽ռľȻǻԪԴΪԪ
ԪС
ҹδȻٴ˲ϲ¥ʼѰһԪУȴֻѰҵľн
Ǽ۸ҹδ벻졣ľʮ֡нʮ֡
ʮ֡
ҹδжٻ֣
뽣壬һ֡
ʿҪɸû֣ɱǵõҩʯȵȺܶ񣬶ԻӦĻ֡ҹδַʦȴֱõķȡ֡
һŷʦķֻܹȡһ֣һŴʦķҲԻȡʮ֣һʦķȴԻȡһٻ֡ɼڵѾϲλˡ
ҹδһǧŷڼķʮ֣֮ǰһ֣ӵʮ֡
Ҫһľн֡
ҹδ벢û¶Ķһȥ˴󣬽ڴĲҲûлԪĴУȴǽ
վڴڣĶǽĽܣоƺֲЩûľнܵô¡㽫ʶ뵽ѯʽһ
һԭͱȾƷߡȻиӽԪܱǳʹֲִ࣬ǰֲںǳĴУŽ;ĿܣҪֱָԴҪʦо޴ԡ
ûи֣֮и֮֡ԣҽ㿪ʼѧϰнľ
ʶ˳һǽļ۸񣬸Զ֡ȻӼ۸Ͼܹǽľн
ǽûоغĵ·һѡ޸ĵĿܣһɣպľԪ
塣
ҹδٴϼĶϼǶҹδ뿴أٴνӼҹδ롣ҹδҲ֮ˣǸлϼӼԼȻԼʡ
ϼͷЦ뷨蹬ΪϸߵĻǷ֮·Ҳ֮·Ϊʼֻһ󣬲ᷢ顣
Ȼľ˵㻹֮·԰ɣ
ǣҹδͷ
Ⲣ֮·ʿھʱҲоģֻǷ
߱棬޴ɷɹܣԸƽ͡
ˣѡа壬·ǶԵġȷʵ羭߱ȽϣȻѡ񾭡
ֻȷҪ𣿡
ҹδʩʲô֮
һ˵ʱ;޵ġ;ܹΪڣɼԼǿڷҲѡר޷ǰޡҪʱһΪĻǼΪɬУ»ᵱڷ涼ɾ͡
ҹδӻҪԡ
ҹδϼص˴η嶴ʼҪܻ֣ͨȡľн
֮
ҹδϥľ֮ڣʱĶľֻģЩ򡣱ʱ£׼ͻԺڼѾľ״̬ڵѣձͻƵʱ䡣
ǳתڵϳ壬ʶľ³壬ʼ蹬
ҹδ;̲أ忪蹬ˮɣѶʱ䣬ֻǲһӵʱ䣬Ȼ蹬


398 ϸ
䡭
蹬٣ϵţ;ģҹδ;ʮۺ񣬱ȱʿ߳ɼˣҲҹδڵʶڵľһգ蹬ֹͣš
Ϊ蹬ҹδƲ⣬Ǳ˵
˵忪蹬ǳɹĵһһҹδ˵ڼ򵥡ڶǼչ蹬ﵽԼܹﵽļ£ҹδ˵Ȼһô򵥣ȴҲûʲôΣա
ĵǹ
Ҫҹδ벻ҪֻҪ·蹬ͺá
ҹδ뻹ʮֽû̽蹬ǿʼָڵʶڵľ
һֱڵʶڵľָ۷壬ҹδŽͽ蹬
ˡ
ӷɢ˿˿â˿˿âɳһģǹâӳɵķȴڲסس󣬶Źâķڲסس󣬷ϵľڿٵġ
ԭǾɣ񻯳ɹâγɲķȻҪľȥǷò˶ãͻᾫľ̶ıҹδΪ
ʶڵľ蹬еķɿţʶڵľֱתŵâɢγһԽԽ
ˡ
蹬蹬Ͽճһ㣬Ǹڽʶڵľرս蹬һֹ
ڱʿһϾĿ飬׼㣬û㹻Ԫ֮ಹ㾫ĵҩͻʶ
ǣҹδռڴҺֻҪϵʶڰ˾ͺá
ˡ
蹬𶯵øӾң蹬·Ҳһ㣬ǸҲڽرǸıڵر蹬ա
ҹδɫء
蹬ϿճֵĹ㣬ʶʮѨеһͶӰ蹬󻹻ʣµʮͶӰ·Ǹ㣬ʮһѨϵͶӰֻͶӰһͶӰʮ
ʶʮѨϵͶӰҪǾɡʮһѨϵͶӰҪȴ
ھҹδû˿ǡݵһͶӰѨľռڵľȫá
ڵȴ
ˡ
ҹδľ⣬ʼľݻۣס蹬ͬʿ蹬˾ؿʼͻϸΪϸʿ
ҹδۣķԪ߳ʿ֪ٸΡںʶڿٵѨ϶ҪȱʿӰ죬֮͵Ҫͨʿƴ̫ࡣ
Ϊʲô蹬ϸ
ֻо˲ܹͻϸ
Ϊֻо󣬲蹬һɡ
ʲôͻӰ쵽蹬ճΪһʲôĿռ䡣
˵һԵľǽԣһɹʱ򣬱ʶʮѨϺʮһѨϿʼ蹬ͶӰ蹬γɵһ
ΪǵԣʮѨϺʮһѨϵͶӰתɽԣΪǽ˹
蹬ͻһ磬ͬһڣ
һ蹬Ҫ;࣬ʿɹֻҪ׼֡
ҹδ벻ͬ
蹬ľһһһԪ
Ԫ˸ԣҷԭһռ䡣˿ٵ蹬ľͬٵһ㡣Ƿ蹬Уϵسⶥ죬أϵڲϵؽһؿ蹬蹬ø
һȫԣԴռľʶʮϺʮһϵͶӰĿɾʹȥˡ
ˣɵҲʹȥˣԽԽη͵϶ʼҹδľݻۣ˴ηϵһʿ׷ҹδľݷӶ
ʱľڵҹδҲˡ
ΪΪٶȣҲṩ蹬ġ

ָеʯ˳ѻԼΧֱʯڵ
ಡ
һʿӶֳ֮ɫΪʱѾҹδľˣҹδľȫŨڱΡ
һʿɽ˫ۣĿ㴩͸Ũȴҹδľݱһɫ֡
ǵϣ
ЩʿΪĿܹŨȴ͸γɵĹâ׷ױ˻


399 
ҹʦͻƣЩηʿۼһֳ֮ɫ
ҹʦõĶȻҹʦͻơ
Ҳ̫ˣѵҹʦͻ˻ߵػ
ǣе󣬳״
Ǿϸˡ
ӦǣǰЩҹʦòǺѯʹϸĵ𣿡
ơҹʦõʷǷĹҲ򵥰
ǰҹʦڽ֮ǰӦԵ
ϵ͵϶չˡ
塣
ϼӰڶǰ̧ͷһ͵ʵķһαʧԭأμ˸ͬ˲ƣ˴η塣
ݼʦ塣񻪵˷׷ϼʩ
񡣡
ϼһ䣬ĿľȥĿ⴩͸Ũɫĵڵ˫ۣĿⶸȻʢ͸˲ϣ͸ľݵǽڣͻƵҹδ롣
Ŀⷺʡ
øߵ츳
ջĿ⣬˷Ľ߸ش͵ÿӵĶУ
еͻƣøš
һľݵΧվʱһĿжʡ
ͻƵ˭
˵һڡ
ڣ˵ηһµӣǷڣǽҹδɣͻƣʦͻƣ
ϹʦֲǱվ𣿡
Ǿҹδˣ
ͻϸǽ崿Ľͻƶ󰡡ʣʲô޲𣿡
ʱľڡ
ҹδ鷳
蹬ڣĹâԽԽʢγɵĹҲԽԽڲϵؽһչ蹬Ŀռ䡣
УѾ˶ʮǳʶڵѨͶӰѾʮ㣬Ѩ蹬ͶӰ
еͶӰҹδûвΪһѨϵͶӰҪǾҹδ벻ȱռڻдѡǵϵĹͶӰȴҪҹδҲֻеʮһѨŴ洢ûռֶԴԣˡ
Χʯֻʣ˼ʮ飬ۿžҪûˡһûʯֻڱʿҲãǶҹδ˵ȫΪٵĲǵԿռ䣬ҲͨĶһԪʿʮ
һȱʧҹδ˶ᱻ˸ʬ䡣
¡
ˣһˣһԼʮꡣ
֮䣬ٲȻηǸҲл˵ü֮䣬ȴǳŨŨıݡ
˼ͬʱ̧ͷŴηȥּͬʱ΢΢һüͷȻǸһץסļһ̤շȥ֮䣬˴ηĿСͷ·ȥ
Ŀ⴩͸Ũ͸ɫĵϣ͸ľݵǽڣҹδϡɫȻһ䡣
ã
Ȼ䣬ϼĿһȻˣҲӽŨľſڵʱ򣬿Ѿ󿪣ſվǸꡣ
ʦ壡ϼʩ
ɡôϼɫ䡣
ʦãɣ洫˵
ϼ˽ȥǸڲϵȡʯҹδΧֱûҹδʡʱϼҲҹδˣæȡһƿݸҹδ룬
δ룬¶侫ġ
ҹδ˫ۣӹƿ׺£л֮󣬱ֱ۾
蹬С
УһſǳյʮţγһС졣ǲûֹͣվյøӷžӿ蹬һſǳʼʮǳγһϵС쿪ʼһת
ϣһŽһŵŵͬһʮһѨͶӰ蹬ͬһûͷľ
׳ͶӰһ޴ĹţҹδĵͶӰ蹬
һͶӰɡ
ˡ
蹬ٶȻʮ蹬γһɽѡ
⡭
ɫһæִӴָлصʯҹδϼɫҲǽ
û¶ˡ
ǽķ壬Կһҹδɫһ
ʱҪľǿ󰡣ʦã˭ηʲôʱһ
ȷʵϼЦͻһϸȻŪ˴ƣ뵱ǷҲûѾͷ󡣡


400 
˵ĻԵͬǲʣֻҪǾͺáǶӡ
ǰϼָпѾͷҹδ룬ĹȵĹھ֮ǰѾǷڡ治֪츳ô˷·ǿϧˡ
ҡҡͷ䲻ɣ
ʮһꡣ
һʮһķڣǵҲǷëǡȴܹ׽ڣ˵ڷϵ츳г
ԣǸ
ҹδ蹬С
蹬ԭеĻϣһһɽ߸ͬһס
Ĺâʼسʧ¶ԭеķǷɽȥɽϡ
ϸɡ
ΪΪ죬ΪΪء

ҹδ³һ೤Ϣڿζʧ˫ۣվΡӷ˵ĶԻУѾ֪ǰ˱ǽŶʩ
ҹδʦ塣
ͷһӣʣµʯϲͻơ
лʦ塣
ĵʯƿ¶Ҫġ
ˣҪһʱ䡣
Ƿڣ´ҹδ롣
ǣ
ûֻһ£ҵʯԼʮ򣬶ҶƷʯҪ֡һƿ¶ҲҪʮ֡ԺҪ໭һЩ
ǣȡ컹塣
ϼղһֱûʡʱҹδ˳ͻƣҲ̲סʵ
̾Ϣһһĵ֣ɽ
δ룬ҵĶӣɡɣҹδ롣
ʦ֣
ҹʦã˽
ҹδĿ˵ɵϣһ侲ɫһΪӵɵϾȻ֪ʱյȻϸ΢ҹδԽʱգʱյ쳣С
ǡ
ôܣ
ʱյôһ˵ϳ֣
ɡ
ϼɺҹδ׷忴һ۵ɣ¶ʹͳࡣ΢΢ͷ
δɽȥȴû뵽һص塣Ҵûм壬ʵ൱ұԶԶعսǸҪǸĵϸͱ죬岹ȫδ֪塣
Ǹ岻ҵĶ֣ҲסǸӦвʣ֪κҲãǶҷ䣬Ҳδܹɹ
䣿ϼɫһ
ԣüĵҲû뵽Ǹص徹Ȼ䡣ĶңԶԹ۵ɡ
ʲô䣿ϼæʵ
ʲôҲ̫˽⡣տʼһûзܵ䡣Դɼ
ǣһɺȻȫʹ̣ʮꡣ
ʮꣿϼҹδ붼Ȼ˵ɡ
ϼȻ֪Զģڿɲʮ
Ҵ˺ܶǰûܹڵ䡣һǰңһֵҩ䵤һַϣƳɵ䡣Ҳң䵤Ѿʧˣֻ²зͲз
ֻ˴ǮŲзͲз˵ͷǰܣҲ޷ڶʱڲȫ
ǵĻ˵ܹȫͲȫˡڻΪȫ˵ѲȫȫоʮҲδܹȫ
οҲûǸʱ;¡
ۿҪȥһ꣬ҸӶҲˡ
ֳʹҾʹɻˣҶǸӾϡӰɡ
ϼͣȴ֪˵ʲô
㲵ҡҡͷҰѲзͲзˣһȥͷ壬оһ£ϣܹ漣ɡ

ͻȻһĲҽ𣬵˲վ˵ɵǰ
ɡ
ҹδҲĿ⺧Ȼȥʵǲҽ̫ڻһֱڲҽš
Ѿϵڵϣһţǻھҵĳ鴤ˮϪ̯ܿˮݡҹδüͷš֪ϵʱȻӿ˲ֹʮ

ҽľڻ죬ǰ󲻵ӵʱ䣬ҽȻֹ͵չѾ˹ȥҹδɫȴǴ䣬ʱڵϵﻹǷŵɵģ
СˣòҲ̫࣬һʮꡣ
⡭
һʮ꣬һ䷢ͻꡣ´Ρ
ˣ


401 ¼
žžડ
һſӵеؽɱҹδ롣
ߣ
ҹδ뼱æǰ·Լҡ彫ط˴ϣתͷ
δ룬ʱھȥ͵塣

ţҹδ롣
ܽĲзҸһ𣿡
벹ȫ
ţҹδͷȫз
ģȻ۾
ڷʦʱȫ˷ڴʦʱ򣬲ȫʹ˷а
Ƿھأ
ҹδҡͷûȥо˵
Ѹٵظһ򣬵ݸҹδ㿴
ҹδ뾫һ飬΢΢üͷǴڼķ
ǰ
ʱ򵥵ҲӦ˹ҹδֻһڣ޷ڼķ͸˵ȫڼķˡ̾Ϣһ
Ҫ⣬ȥ͵ˡ
Һһȥϼ
ͷȻҹδͷչɡ
ǣ
ϼ뿪ˣҹδ뿴ڴϵ굥ɣʱ˯ðֻ꣬ƣ

ҹδ̾Ϣһת߳˷䣬վſڣȥһƬס
ĴѧڸһУһƬãã
°׵ҫۣȴһ¼֮С
ɵӰ飬ԼĹԼˣ¼Ŵɢ˳
֪ȥ˶ãһ̾Ϣڰѩ֮ĵҹδ˫ִ˴תľݷء߽ţɫһ㡣ɴʱվڴǰ֪ʲôʱģʮףԭӦóʱȴһƬƲһʯͷһû˿¶Ȱ㣬һŴİѩ
󣬲ɴҹδġ
ɻǽĶӣͬУΪҲǶ콾ȴҲҪһٽ
ҹδԼԼʮǰǰʲô
ڵĽŲһһƽ
˵ʵԼ͵ûз裬Ѿػ㣬־ˡ
һ̣ԵһͬΪҲٹ־档
ߵ˵ɵԣĿ˳ĿȥһƬѩĸо
ٿԵĵɣȻɫȴһƬš
ⲻǸ䣬һַʽ
ʱ⵹õɴӳ굹˻Ӥ
ǹ䰡
ҹδ벻̾Ϣһʦ֣˵Ԫ춨ȴɼ
ԼҲıƽԼȴûڱıԵԼغ־Ҫȵأ
ҹδĻһŵĵ˷Ӧͷ˫ͬһ̶ˮԵÿ飺
ⲻˡ
ҡ
ҹδаһ⡣
Ҳûа취
۰Ͱ͵ҹδ룬žһ۾ڳ˲ֻгʣ
а취
ҹδͣڻûа취ԼֻгΪڣܹͨռ䣬ԣõ
ǰɡ
ɲɼʲôǰɣ
˵ջĿ⣬ֱҲҪŪοˣ֪ӣʵҲֻʹίʵίʵ
ã̧ͷҹδ룬˵˵ɱУ治ġҪɱʹ̡ϸģҲȰңҲɱ㽫ⲻʱգϸɡ
ҹδ뿴ŵãǰһʮ꣬ϵıɼбҲĪ
֮;ı
ҹδ̾Ϣһǰףַ̧Դϵ
˵а취а취
ɼҹδ뾹ȻְԼԴϣ岻һô󣬻ֻǸĸԴοҹδԼСòã
ʱſڳˣȴǵƷˡҹδְڵɵԴϣɫһ㵣˴˶һۣϾǿЦá
󵥵бֳŭԼĶѾӣԼҪõõϣҹδԼĶӣ
巢ŭϼȴ䣬תͷϼ΢΢ҡͷȻʱԼȥֻԼĶӸѿɫվſ֮⡣
ʿǹ¶вأҹδ͵ɸ͸о
ʱ侲ĵ壬ҲҹδȻҽְڵɵԴϣǾ˵Щʲô


402 һںõ
ʲô취ҪٺŪˡ
ɸ֪ҹδеϣԵ˺ǳҹδͷҹδִԴϡʱϼȴɫһ㡣
ҹδ˵а취
ļٵģ
취ҹδ
һ˲ʧǲз
֪
֪㻹˵
ȫˡ
ɱˣ˵ȫͲȫܲȫ𣿡
ڲܡҹδҡͷ
õҹδ룬ҹδ뿴ŭȻĿƣԼŶԷԴֳ֣֮ɫ
ã
ɷһۣԸɡ
ҹδЦֵǻǲҪˡ͵û
ûνˣȫһʬˡ
ҹδͷ˿Լ֣֮ϲ£ȴǹЦе֮ɢ˲١
Ц価ЩָĵϷʵҹδ룺㷽˵ڲܲȫ
ǰҹδͷǴڼģǷڡ
ô˵ҪҵȵͻƴڣҾϣˣ
ţ
ҪܹͻƵڣʮꣿǰꣿ
ҹδбŵɵǼǰɣ
ǰɹϵͷ
㡭湻ʵ
ǳʵͲʵˡ
ҹδ뿴ŵɣͻƴڣòôá
ŶҪãɵɴŨŨļ
ҹδ룺ʮ죬һ°ɡ
ɴͣҹδ룬ÿڵһںõ
ˣҹδƲƲ졣
ðɣšʮ֮ڳΪڣȫҪã㲻ңҲʮգһ°ɣ
˵ҹδҡͷҪܷһ֣ܹʮϢʱҲ͹ˡ
㻹Ǵˣݰ
ˣҹδ뱳֣ͦضʮȽ⡣
忴ԼĶӺҹδһ״̬Լãһϼʶ
ɡ
ϼͷȻʧſڡ
ҹδ͵ȫûи֪˼䣬ҹδ
˵ˣҪȥչͻƴˡҪӾ͸סɡ
ҹδ¥ıӰɵ㲻˵ʮͻƴҾ㡣
˵ʮ죬жһأ
ҹδʧ¥ݿڵıӰɵɫֿݼȥ̾ϢһٲߵſڣŰѩ
ҹδ˶¥ңϥڵذϣ뵽ռڡ
뵢ʱ䣬Ա뵽ռڣʼ⹹Ĳ㡣
һһ飬ÿһγɹѰҵ˸Ϊϸ΢ƫȻٴοʼ¹ٶһαһο죬ֱоҲһ˿ٶȡӷڳĿʼ룬۷Ĳ㡣
ҹδʶǾ˾Ŷ;أʶޱȣȻ̲صľҲʮۺ񡣶ҹδ־蹬ٵọ̈̄ڴεޱȡˣҹδչصʱʶڵľҲﵽ˿ݽߵıԵ
ҹδȻҪʳҩֱӴռڰҺľ뵽ʶҺľʶ֮ʶҹδ뵽蹬
⼸죬Ҳᵽ͵סһ𡣷ϵϼáÿ컹ȥ͵һΣÿһζʧ顣
ԭҪɻԼģҲ֪ôģҪҹδء
ҲӵɵĿе֪ҹδ˵ʮ죬һ±ͻƵڡҲ뿴ҹδܷΪڡһڳΪڣѾǷ콾ˣֱǾ콾ҪϱصڲȫзҹδʮڳΪڣҲκλ롣
ΪĴǰֹڣ
ҹδͻƵڣҲܲȫзôǰܶȫˣҹδһոͻƴڵˣξܹȫз
ʮʱת˲ȥһ죬壬ϼ͵ɶҹδľݵĵһȴһֱȵʮһ糿ҹδҲû¥³һǰˣϼҲصԼĶɵȻûҹδʮͻƣҲ¶һ˿ʧ
ľݵڶ㡣
ҹδϥڵذϣǳڿ蹬֮Ѿר칤ˣֻҪǳͬʱ;
ʱ蹬УǷѾĲ㡣
ԭʼӶֺ룡


403 
ҹδռڣҺľĵֻʣɡʶڵľҲտҲԣʱҹδָʶľ
ʱ֣ʶڣָ۷塣Ȼб֯һȻռգΪһҺ
һʶ뵽蹬ɽ壬һĲϡʶ뵽Ĳ㣬տҲҹδ̧ͷֵͷȻܣһͷԼ蹬֮ʱۿȫ̡
蹬ͷ·һС硣
ôԼǲܹҲһռ䣬һС磿
ͷȴ֪ȥҲ仹Сͻϸ
ԪƳеʱ䡣
߳䣬˳¥һ¥ȥһ¥ĵ˽ŲȻ̧ͷҹδӰ
ҹʦáڵһվĲţȴ˸Σ䶯˼£
ɹˣ
ɹˣҹδ¥ݡ
ڣ
ڣ
˻ɵһ
ˣҶˣ
ҹδʩʩȻ߽ԡңŹϣȻˮϴ裬ʱĵ⡣Ǵģζѩ⣬Լţ׼ġʱȴ˳гһ飬ڴ
ѩɲޣҲޣޣζ̲żΪҲ̲żΪûʵŻζ
ԭڵɵУҹδʮڳΪĴڣҲ˿ţҹδǰȫľ֣ڽ죬ҹδƹضΪںеһͷȴͬһ㣬Ҳڵס
ҹδʮһͻƵ˴ڣֱһ漣
Ȼҹδܹһ漣ôΪʲôͲܴڶ漣أ
ΪʲôͲܲȫзأ
㣡
ҹδתͷȥѾһ·ҹδ룬ŸŸǵĴӻһһģֵ
ҹʦãҺ˵ѩ֮ǼѵõеЩǰҪһٶףҲڻԵɺ֮£ɱһֻпڸˡ
ţҹδͷʵζֻžͼΪˣʲôʱܳԣ
ðʱɡ
Ҫôã
Ҫҹʦã㡭ܹȫ
϶ܰҹδشʮֿ϶ɵϱǿϲҹδ˵
ֻǲ֪Ҫ೤ʱ䡣
ɵɫһ塣ҹδͻȻŵɣĿתƣõЩڵ
㶢ҿʲô
룬ƽϵ䣬ָ
߻ʮģ
һŲȫзʱƽϵķ䣬ǲǻ꿪ʼس
ɵɫһ㣬Ȼ󽥽رÿǰ·ֳһԼſڣʲô·һͷ
δ룬ˣһϲͻȻ


ߵҹδĸǰ˫ĿŹ⣺ɹˣ
ţҹδͷ
ڣ
ţ
̫ˣڵֳϣ֮⣺ǡܲȫ
ҹδ뿴һ۴ҳ극ȥѧϰڵķЩ㳢Բȫ
ô鷳ҶЩš
䣬ɱת뿪ˡһӵʱ䣬˻һݸҹδ

ллҹδϲؽӹ˴ԼҲͲҪһˡ
ڰ֣˼֣δ룬ġܹȫ
ҹδԵ壬Ȼ͵ǰ㿪Ц˼֮ɫ
Ҳ֪ǶеġΪҲȫз
Ŷ͵ɵ϶ֳϲɫ֪˵ˣ֮ǰȫһֲз˶ʱ䣿
ʮ졣
ϸϲȻȫзΪη˵ֻ֪еģ
ҹδȻδ뵱ҲٲзͷܹȫҲͶ
ɫһͣ̾һҹδ빰ֵδˡ
ңҹδ񣺡Ե
˳ѩ⣬ҹδ˶¥һ·ϻҰ죬ʵ̫óˡ
ҲҲȥ壬Щʱգ춼ȥ壬ʵѾ岹ȫ㽫ϣҹδϡ
ҹδص˶¥Ʒң㿪ʼĶڴеһЩ֪ʶЩ֪ʶü죬ʱ㽫лĶ꣬˰˳ɣԼŲ⡣ҲûȥΪ֪ĹУǶԻ֪ʶ


404 ȴ
⣬ͷٱԼͬǣ˰ٱ飬һЩҲȻֳ
ʼۿڵķȻ뵽ռ⻭ɹ֮ȴûڷڹҲûʵлѧϰڶַ
һжΪ˽ʡʱ䡣
ҹδ뻹ûжռڵҺΪʣµҲˡԣÿ컹Ҫʱָĵľ
ڵʶѾŶ;أʮۺ񣬵Ҳܹ
ʱһȥҹδѧĴڷԽԽࡣ
ò̾ռһʱǾֹģҹδ벻ãʱ䶼ǲġÿĵʱ䣬ֻĶʱ䡣
ˣʮ󣬴ڼķҹδҲֻѧĳɡʮ죬ȴ͵ɸӶ˼ˣֲȥҹδ룬ձ
һա
ϼǸӶˣɫȴҲĿ࣬Ȼ֪ΪλˡҲ֪ȰΨĬĬһԡ
ʱڶ¥ҹδ룬ӴָȡǸз
ͬʱɽгӰ糾ͣɷӯӯ˵ȴϲɫ
ʿʦһʮˡ
ǰʿҲһĸпҲ֪ٶʲôΪˡ
˶ǵĴ档սʮ꣬һ̽׼ڡҴҸ
ҹδһֱоѾ֮ǰǰ㣬ֻڡ
Ϊڷĵ̺ǳ޷ֻǿġȴġ˿Чͬڱ˵޿ܣΪҪѺķֽīͳõʱ;ܹġһšҲҹδռܹ
ڲͬˡ
ҹδڷϵĻѾ㹻ԶʦΪռԭڷϵÿ磬ҹδѧķԶʦ۵ҲԶ̶ȣҹδȻֻ֪֪ÿַҪ˲ܹ޵·ߵøԶ
ԣڵҹδÿλһ֮󣬶ϥռڣϸϸ˼⣬֮󣬲ٶʿʼһεĻһֱʶھľȴҲռڵҺ˳ռ䣬ǳָ
ʱһȥ뵥ٴ䷢ʱȻʣһʱ䣬ǵȴȴ̫ѪɵɫѾò԰ףһ뵽Ƿ˵ʹɱĶˡ
ҲֱʹʱؽĿ¥ݣ޲¥
ıˣҹδ벢ΣҹδΪڣҲֻ΢ȼϣʱ뵥ɵ䷢ԽԽԽԽڴ˺ڴѾռ顣
뵥䷢ʱ仹ʣ죬ҹδϥڶ¥ĵذϣžϲ
·ƿһȴһµ硣
ܹһŷȫſܽܳһֵġˣڽսʱ򣬱㲻ڷɡ
ҹδʱҲֻһһ磬Ѱҳһ·úԶ¥ϣڵࡣ
һʱܿȥˣķÿӽһ졣оͶһ˿һη֮Ҫһη˵ʹ󣬱Ϊһĺͯ
ϼҲ֪ڵҪҲ˴ͬ嶼ʧȥյĳȣձ̾Ϣһ
ȥ
ԥջǵͷʦãȥҪŵδ롣
հ˫˭ķСϼȻˣ
Ҷ
ƮƮƮ˶¥ȻǰУ˫ȴ磬˿졣ҵǰƣŲδ˨е¥£ҹδûʲô£Ըû˨
ƿϼվſڣȥҹδ뱳Ŵţϥڵذ֮ϣһŲƣҹδǰӣ֮еҹδ롣
˽ˣҹδ֮ҲиоȻĿ㿴һԼǰһһȭϼϣڼʱϳϼϼҹδĿ֪ԼǴŵҹδ룬ڨڨһЦ
δ룬ȫˣ
ҹδŷӦ䷢ʱܽˡ
Ӧÿˣԡ
Դϼ¥͵ɸ˵Ϊľ¥ûвȻһһۣȻŲţȴеĿϲ˻Ȼ¥ݳ˹ȥ


405 
ǽ뵽¥ңҹδֳַʻ˵ŵԣĿ˷ֽϡ
ҹδߣû˿ͣ٣ˮû˿ͣ١ǷֽϵͼĽ÷¡һƣ򳤣̣ϸ֡
Լӵʱ䣬ҹδձʣ˵ɣչЦ
ʦ֣ԣ
ˣɼû
ţ
ҹδѾȫҴܳȻûγԼĵȴѾܹ֪ڵ䣬Ҳܹȷ֪ȫЧҲЦ֮ģ
ȫû⣬ֻǡ
ֻʲôɼ
ֻǲ֪֮òָܷ
Ŷ

ҹδЦУ˵ɵϣ㻯뵽ɵڡ
ھһϼŵŵɣǵȴҲһš
࣡
ӵɵڴһȻּƺƮڿһèèغһȻȻѡɢڿС
ĸɫһϲˡ

ͻȻһҽУȻˤڵϷʧɫȻʵ
δ룬ǣ
ҹδҲһδϸۿ߾һ󳴶ӵɵڴǵɵڿٵֻ֮䣬ֹֻͣʣµɼٵشذѾһϪˮǵɵĺˮѾָԭеĸͷòҲʮģ

ϼ³һֳϲɫȫָˡֻҹδƲƲ죬
û֮ǰɰˣ
ôʱڵϵĵɷһۣǿЦãϼȴһЦ
ɻشӵһҹδ빪һ
лҹʦá
ȴһǰʵȫָˣ
ɵֳõЦݣţȫָˡ
Ȼҹδ룬Ͼ֮ɫ˴Ĵָ
пϲδ룬֮ǰǷʯǷʦõ¶ҲһһǷһ顣
ҹδһϲծһᰡ
δ룬ʲô󣬾ܵҹδ
ҹδӻһ󡣡

ӵҪϰһֵΪ˳ＯһЩķ롣ڽ֮󣬾˼ϰľнԣҪ뻻в϶ķ룬ΪӶһ𣿡
䣬ҹδȡһöݸ˵塣Ǽö룬ҹδԼȥһˣ̫ˣҲֻ񵥵ַܹڶʱΪԼһ
ӹö뿴˿ͷɣжҪһ
ҹδȡǸװĴȡȻһʶڵķкͬһӣ˴Ȼݸ˵塣ľؽӹ˴
ô࡭
ֳЦ̽һ£΢
ⶼǵԣȴҪԷ룬ѾϷƣȡûпϷƵķ룬ǿԶ໻һɣҵȥ壬Ҳܹ㻻ʮö
ҹδϲл˴Ҳȥ塣
ҹδ벻ԣŵ߳ķţһ·Ŵȥ·ϵΪʲôҹδ˻һһϸһֱ˴壬һֺ붴ǰҹδһ߽˶
ҹδһվڶ֮⣬˼վһˣҲûһˡҿⶴλúͻֺ룬ҹδ˲²⣬Ҳǵƽ̡
ֻǵԼƽʲô
ҹδвЩš
ƽ̿ʿⷽΪߵһˡվ˼룬֪ȥ˶ãŲתͷȥһ˳ҹδ빰ֵ
ҹʦðɣ
ǣǣ
ҽϯҹʦ
ϯʦ֡
ҹδϯ߽˶߽ͨһǴڱж죬澹ȻСˮһ֮ͤڣǵһõԶϯҹδ̤Сţ߽ͤǸõʩ
ʦҹδ
δ룬λƽ̡
Ȼƽ̣ҹδ뼱æʩҹδݼƽ̡
ƽ̷ʱ΢΢һ䣬ҹδ룬´ҹδ㣬ȻʷǷ


406 
ҹδɫһ㣬аѵԼƽǰԼ
Ҳǣ
ԼǶʮһŶӦǶʮĴڣڵҲӦǷëǰɣ
㲻ʱмʮĴڣڵҲûм飬ʦѾ˵ˣһʮö
ҹδϲлƽ̡
ƽ̵ͷ˵壬忪ڵ
ǵŹأÿʿÿڣǰʮꡣʿΪһﵽܵΪͱǰ磬ڵǷʦڳΪ֮ҲҪʮ뿪硣
вͬոսͳΪڣνûܹ£˾ͽ磬Ҳвƽڵ֮꣬ٽ硣
ҹδƬ̵ҿǰ𣿡
ƽֳ֮ɫڣɳ硣ǰ󣬽ٻͲˣҪ㹻ľ㣬ˣں˵Ϊʱ硣
ֻҪס˽磬ѾǸ߲ʿҲֻеȡԣ㲻Ҫķʱ⣬ϣܹڰʱڣͻƵ𡣴йڴ˲εĴУҪ֡
ȴЦڶ˵Ѿ׬Ҫ㻭һŴڵķһǧ֡
ƽָһ˻֮飬Ȼҹδȥƽ̵ϯԽ͵˶֮⣬ԵԺ׽ҹδȻӦʡ
ҹδһ˻ص˽η壬ľѾտҲϼ͵ѾˣȴһҹδȥȻֳЦݡ
˵ȥһʦֵܣҹδû˼ԼϾԼǱӣԴ
ϣҹδ뿪ʼ˼ļƻ
ĻаࡣڵҲǸܵΪ˽硣ʿһͻƵܵͱ뿪˽磬뵽硣ǵҪºѣ֪Ǻµ顣ˣԼǰȫˡ
Լ˽ֻаʱ⣬Ҫã
ոͻƴںϸҪʱڸûпܡ涼Ǹոͻƣ̫ǳҪΪԼԷ磬֪ʶԭ٣Ϊ׽ĵ伮ԭ١˵ȻܷᣬҪȺ飬Լĵ̡
ҹδб˴㡣
Ϊ棬ͻƣֻʵ磬ӵ̡
ÿ峿֮ʱǳȻȥۿֵ伮ǻ
ڵķǧ֣֮ǰҹδҲռѧһǧ֣׼ʣµķȫѧᡣһȫѧᣬ㳹׺ʵ˴ڵľ磬ټϲַ伮ҲۺǸʱǳͻƷ֮ʱ
ҹ䣬ǰҹһʱľһʱнҹ˯ʣµһЩƬʱ䣬ȵз͹̻лơ
ÿһŴڷһǧ֣ҹδܿͻкܶ֡ЩֳڴĶУҹδỻȡʯ͸Դ
ʱת˲
ϼ죬
ɽ֮ϣһʿϥɡ
һʿ¶໥С
ҹʦãҪȥ󰡣񻪺Ц
ǰҹδͷ
ɷݷҹʦã
ҹδͷã
лҹʦá
һ·ɽ壬ҹδŴȥ΢΢ҡҡͷʵûôʱȥָˣÿ춼æµǵ˵ķʦҲܾܾΪ̫ˣϵе伮ȫšоһŽϵĵ伮¼ȥ忴ĵ伮¼ûеġ
߽ԼϤĵطһ򣬱㿪ʼ
ʦ֣˵𣿵ʦˡе̸ۡ
ҹδоһ
ʦ
ѵǵ
ˣ
˶
˵ʦˡ
ܲĶӱɱˣȴûץ
ûץΪǵûоžǸΪôӵù׷ɱ
ֲǰ¡Ϊڵ̫Ű裿Ūᣡ
ꡭ
˵ʦ뿪ȥ󻪵۶ˡ
ǸžΣˣʦûлԲٵ鵱һ¡ǵʦˣضҪȥѾȥ֪ͨߵĵӣõץžˡټϵʦԴ˳ȥץžңˡ


407 
ҹδ뿪˲ɽȥĵǡ
Ҫ֪ͨ磬ڶ֪žȻžڴѩɽõԼ͸Ĺδػشѩɽ
뿪˵ҹδֱɽ¶żҴ塣
żҴ붫ɳǲԶɽͶɳ֮䡣
ԶԶر㿴һЩڵɻҹδĿɨȥݵǹ⡣﹡֮ϣǹ⡣
ǹоĿ⣬תͷȥǽ²ҹδ룬ϱһϲֱ﹡
δ룡
Һ˵

ǹסҹδݹȥһһЩʯԴ
ǹϲ̫ˡҵʯùˡ
һ˵ţһ߽ҹδĴеʯԴȡŽԼĴС
ҹδЦʲôΪˣ
ľԪԲˡɳǵĳԪ̫ˡ
û£ЩԴһˡʱһٸһЩʲôĵطڿҡ
лδ󡣡
һʱҹδǹ⽲˲֮Ȼŵ
ˡ
ǹȻɫ䣺鷳ˣ
ûУӦò֪ҺʹĹϵһ÷ӥ֪ͨ㣬֪ȥ˵۶Сġ
ȥ۶ˣ
ţ
ǻҪʲô
ҪʲôͼһʲôϢ÷ӥ֪ͨ㡣
ã
ڼž˵϶ǡ
ҹδվһȥˡ
δ룬ԼСġ
ţҲСġ
ҹδִҴҵػص˵ʱʱѾӽ磬ҹδ̾Ϣһȥ˲ˡٲŽȥ
߲ãԶͽк֮ҹδҲΪ⣬ÿʹ֮䣬οʿдҵҲֹֻҪѶԷУΪд衣
ãȻȺдһк֮һֺҲˡ
ҹδ벻ɶס˽Ų΢һ£Ⱥȥ
뽣ҹδҲ˽ķ
ķʲô
ܲ£ϲҲ£Ҳ޻ڣҲǺ޻ԼˣֻԼˣŬгһٴǣȴݲñ˿ὣ塣
Էֻǻ˽ӣҹδŲͣһ£ֲǺöӡһҲˣȴҹδ벻òͣýӣ֪Լ仰ȴûԺڽʹȥˡһԼ嶼ỤԼԣҲֻ΢һ£ı䷽߽Ⱥ
Ⱥ룬һȻӣ߹壬һ촸ȫ¡ֽͬһ㣬վͬһƱˡһеĺ촸ҹδ֪ԷĵӣʱһӵǺؽѪǱ
ҹδ벻ʶȴʶϴ·ǽķΣֿȺ˹ȥվߣֱӵ
ҽҲǰܲãֺαҽ壿
ҲһݣԼˣô˽ǰӵƢԣ
ҹδ룬ԼʶȻʶҲһʲôԷ֮ԸҳǳԼǽɵĳƢݲñ˿ὣ壡
б˾ɾػܶԷûӸϽȥ֮չأȷͷȥ˵ˣϱֳ֮ɫ
ϣ
λʦ㡭ǽҲʶҹδ룬ӣҹδƽʱǳûжʶǵӼҹδᣬҹδ벻УȰ˵ҹδ롣
ã
ȴû뵽ҹδûе˵꣬Ȼ̿Ӧ¡ʱҹδоȻһ˿˿˷ܡôãûк˱ȶһβ˷ܡ
ϣ
Ӵָȡһ񣬽ơΧ˺ȻһкãǸղսܵĽȥ
Сˣ
̵ʱҹδ룬Ȼȥҹδ빥˹ͬһСɽͷѹҹδԶҵĴѾҹδͷ
ҹδ۾΢΢һУӶԷһϣѾԷʵǿȴ޷ж϶ԷǷ񿪱蹬ΪʱԷеĶһŶԷ˹ȥ
һ󳷣Ѿó˿ռ䣬˶ԷĹһ̳ȴöԷʮܡ
Ϊһ·һ㣬Ȼҧ˶ԷִʹԷòɹתء׳˶һתһǾ޴ɽѹһҶ


408 ϸһս
ҹδб̤бб̳Ǵ
䡭
Ȼ죬Ǿ޺о޴趯ͬһ㣬ÿһ˿ͬһһ㡣
ҹδ룬ȴϢ̳ȴˮкأθˮھ޺Ӵķ϶֮䣬͸ȥ
ˡ
һͣһᡣ
һɽһˮ
һʹ޴һ
һú¡¡һȴǺϢƿյûС˭֪ҹδ뽫̲ܶǱ֮Уһض춯ء
ҹδʱȴǽн֮Уʱʩչнеˮ
䡭
Χս˷׷ԶԶˣǾ޺ıˣ֮ǰֻ似ķΧȴѾΪķΧ
׳󴸻裬ֳһɽ壬ҹδ˹ҹδÿһ̳ȴӿˮɽ
䡭
ҹδеĳҲûһ˿ӿ񷡣׳ֵס׳еĴ󴸺Ȼ׾գһɽȴû˿ͬһˮīϢȴᣬһȦһȦҹδײ

ҹδĿһУԷѾ˵߾ʹǶһˣԷȻǿ蹬֮磬Լ¡
еȺɽһȦһȦԼײͬһԾȴƫƫû˿ҹδһֹѹ·ԼǸһ㡣
ҹδȴ֪ԷԼ֮ǰǰ㣬ܾԼڵ֮Уһء
䡭
ҹδ뿪裬һȴԷǰĬȻθ¡غ࣬ΧΧ֮òٴεˡ
һ޴û˿죬һȴ̳˷֮
ΧΧ۵ʿĿࡣ
⾿˭գ˭᣿˭˭
Ȼһһĺһ޴ַȥһȦȦɽҲȻٲĬ¡¡֮
׳ĵˣѪҹδ뵹ֳ
ã
飡ľ޴ڵϣҳһӡ׳ͨ죬ȴ֪ŶԷѾ飬ʱԼ㲻ҲҪꡣֵ
лʦã顣Ϊʦã
ҹδ룡ҹδ𳤽ֻ
廹
ôһӣȻѾ蹬ˡ
ΣؼɿǿʮˡȻλʦСλʦõ䣬Ӧòʮɣ
͡ߴһЦתͷȥȴǽӺХХȻΪ裬ȴǵϵӣιܶ˶ʶ˵
ʦܣΪηЦ
ХһѾȥҹδ룬˵ǿ֪ҹʦý꼸ꣿ
ꣿ
ʮ꣡蹬ʮꣿѵҹʦʮѾˣ
˾ȣҹʦÿ蹬ˣ
¡ХָȻֿˣҹδ׷˹ȥǸ֮ǰܸɵĽӣ׷ҹδ룬ʱںҹδ˵ʲô
ҹʦã
ҹδתͷɵĺХϲʦ֡
ХЦſǼҹʦõӢˣ
źХԼĴָҹδ벻üʦֺαغҿЦ
ЦХֺǸʩʦ֡
ѰЦźХͷȻֶҹδҹʦãҪָ㡣
ҹδҡͷһ¡
Хڵҹʦã뽣Ҳˣ֪һʦ֮ǰҲûμһЩۻᡣǽտʦõӢˣڽϣڽҲǸһ㡣ˣòμӵĽҪμӵġǽһ⣬Ҳöչˡ
ʦ˵ǡ
ʱХĻǸѰЦҲѾ֪ЦҹδĹϵӦúܺãԺХҲࡣ
ҽ¡ҹδεѾӦʦ֣Сۡ
ʦ֣ڣХһ£֪˭
ǣҹδͷ
ð죬ǷʦǽޣҶǽӡǾͺһҽȥһЩʦֵܣʦҲܾ
ҹδΣҲֻõͷҲã
η塣
񻪵ȷ͵ټϺХ͸ѰЦĽ彣ޣ˰ڷʮϯڼҹδ뾹ȻڽҲǲн޵Ҫҹδд裬ҹδҲȻӦʣҹδ뾹Ȼδһܣٲʦǵɽޣ׽һۻᾹȻһֱҹʱֲɢȥ
ҹδص˶ȴȫû˿˯⣬˷ܡ


409 в
ȺӴսһֺͽ弸дһоԼĽĽ
£ҹδһֱſľнʱܿ죬ϾҹδʶǾŶ;أǿȻͺһЩҹδ뻹ŽһʿȻһĲľнһӽιḻ֪ʶΪ㲩Ҳܹҹδṩٵİԣҹδľн϶ŷɿĽ
ľѾһȻûʵԵ񣬱Ϊľͻ˻ȴڲϵغʵ磬ȴнҲֻ죬ҹδ뿪ʼԼٶȷˣһһ죬û˿ҹδʮֿա
ǣ켸սҹδһӶˮͻư
нΪ𽣾ľˮ𽣾彣һ
ҹδڽ𽣾ľˮ𽣾˻ÿֽΪʮ㣬ҹδҲһ㣬뵽ľ֮Сǽһֱˮͱ˽֣ϲ֣ˮѾͻһ㣬ڱƽ㡣
ζʲô
ζԼƿͨս
ֲõһ̶ȣҪֻܹĥĥ͸â
һ̣ҹδ벻⶯µ顣ֳֻ֮¡Ѿǰ󻪵۶ԵܵΪڵʱ򣬵ʿΪ٣׷粻ᾡľˣȫͬһܵʿ󣬱ƽҲӡڷͣΣˡ
УҪ飬Լʹ֮ĹϵסԼҲͬᴦΣ֮СỤԼǵ岻һֱԼߡ
ôԼ뿪أ
ȥҴ磿
磿
Լҵ磬ΰ磿
֣Ҳ϶򲻹ܵΪĵ
Ǿֻӡ
ǲܴˣȥ
У
ڱѩɽ̴̵ʱ䣬ܹϳ磬δؾûϳ磬˱Ͳܴˡ
ҲʣϷˡ
ǶһܵΪĴʿܹϷõ
ͻȻһ
أ
ҡҡͷԼȫ˽⣬ǵȴ˺ܾá
Ҫ˽һ磬һһ·أ
ա
ҹδ˽壬Ķδͨ߳ˣһǵɣһ˲ʶȴ÷񡣵ɼҹδ룬ֳһ˿Ȼæڵ
ҹʦãܣǵĴʦ֣塣
ʦ֡
ҹδһĽǵĴʦ֣˵岻ǵɵĴʦ֡ڽ壬һΪ뵽˻㲻ǵӣΪĳϡ˿Ҳ˻
ҹʦã˵㡣޵ţʱǶཻ
ҹʦãҪҵ𣿡ҹδ뿪ڣɱٴοڡ
ҹδ庬Цʾ⣬ȻŶԵɵǰݼ
δ룬ɡڴ
ȥɡҹδڰ֣ҹδٴʩ񣬾ٲ߽˶š
˳ŶͨǰߣʱشָȻһ䷿ǰƿţһ񴲣ϥ֮ϣҹδһԣϵ
δ룬ɡ
ҹδʩлŹؾص£ҹδ룬µĹ۲죬֪ҹδ벻һ鷳¶ˣһ֮ʿʵ
δ룬ϵ鲻
ҹδ΢΢ҡͷδҪ˽顣
Ҫȥ磿ɫһ
뷨ԣҪϸ˽硣ȻӲóȻǰ硣
룬Ҳҹδһ֮ˣͷ
ҲãҾ͸ϸ˵˵Ƭ̵Ⱥ˵˵Ľ˵ʵΪֹҲûŪ羿жΪǿǵ֮⡣
أ
˵йǨơǳδʱ򣬶ȫ˽⣬һҪ㣬ذ嵲ڹ⡣˽ܹϮǸʱոռ˽ڵĺСĵطҪܹסھͺãڴĹذȡΪء
ٻ˵˵塣
ҹδһ㣬ⵥôһͷϴ¸ͷġš
˽ԭӵġʱ㣬ֻе£̺ƽ̡ʵϣǸʱûе£̺ƽ̡


410 
ǸʱȻȴǿš
һڣһڡ
һһλ̳
幥˽磬սҲŵ½ϻ硣սУڳһ콾Ӧ
ڶ̶̵İʱΪﵽڶ⣬򲢴ѧǳ̶һԾΪǿšֻˣӦ˽Ǩ磬ֻΪµʿ˽磬ɵ˽һķ֮ء
Ǩ뵽磬˱ս壬ռĵԽԽر㲻ϵǰƽʢʱʮ˵ء
ǿҲ˾ͷܷ׷׶ϣ岻дҲûжشˣ彩Ǵһκƽʱ⡣
ȻԺƽʱڣ廹ɳСӣ壬Ҫһϸ˽⡣ֻЧáһ̫ˣһ̫ˡ
һգӦǰ˼ֻǾòͻƣҶԼΪţһˣȻ硣ȴһȥʧȥѶ
ʧȥӦǰͬʧȥ˶룬ʧȥӦǰûĹǡҵķ֮£忪ʼڽڰˡʧȥһһء
εǣھȻܹǳӦֿǳһʯϣǿʯӦǰĵϣܹʿ
ڱڣԵȻܹǳǾӦڹܹȥǿʵ屻ƻ˽磬̶幥˽磬Ǳƽ١
ƴ󣬶Ѿǰڡ㱻ȹǳźǣûܹǳյõĽǣҪǳضǾ콾ǣϰǳȴĸ콾һ׹䲻ǳȴҲ߳ڹ
ڵĵƽ̣̺ʹ¡
ˣķ˽ȡԭĵµȻҲƽ̣̺ʹ¡˽ʿгɣ磬ֿ塣
ˣǸǳʯڱҲ̫ˡȴû뵽һмƻĽУ顣еϵʯƬ⣬ɢȥ
ǳʧ
磬ķΪף
ǣҲǡ΢΢ҡͷķǿ󣬵Զûеôǿ󡣵쾭ܲغƱ便Ҫǳ˲١ԣķҲûеôŷǧУҲڲϵسɳƳ³¡ЩŵʵڲϵؽӽĴ
ںڣкţɽڣڡĸź͵̣ƽ̣²ư˴һš֮»ǧšԣ磬Ƹӡ
ʮֹ󣬱ֻʣ¾ŵأŵռݵĽҲԶ˽磬൱˽
ҹδˣһ
˸ӾƣǺʺҺʹǰǱ㿪ʵ
Щ˽뵽֮ǲǾǵĵӣ
ҲҡͷڵľĺܸӡǵӦǰʧϱڡȻõʵݣȴҲûһڶԵ˽ƹȣ̺ʹ£ΪʿȻͲĴ˲šĻǧȥʿĴĵӣ
Żô
ԣ˽ĴĴţűʵ˽ĴƽѡģǸҲǸš
ǽ壬Ǹұʿ
ԣ˽ʿ뵽֮󣬿ѡԼķɼţǽӣ֮ҲԲڣѡšȻҲԲѡŵɢޡû˹㡣
ҹδͷ˰ʱ򵥵лǣ˴η壬ԼĶ
ӣҹδսԼµʿǵսĵӣȥսĵӡսɣĥḻԼӵ̣¡
һ̶̵Ķʮ죬ҹδڵʼȵ𣬾ܶûмҹδ룬Ҳ֪ҹδ֡
Ҫ֪˸ܵΪϣҾôʮڵУͻƵ˻ѾӣǸĳϡ


411 
ҹδʲôΪ
˻֮ߵΪҲ˵ҹδһǱ˻ȥġڵУѾΪߵһˣվڵεĶһȺ֮С
սҲһȺÿһս䶯
ԭ֮һεԭĿһԭ򣬱ǵĿǰΪֹҹδս˶ʮȻӮ
еսӮɣеսӮļѡ
ҹδÿս֮ҲܽҡԼĻʵԶͬӡһֻҪҲͲ֣ΪҹδѨϣʿΪɵҲǱһϡⲻǱǳ־ϣ걬Է
ˣҹδΪʲôӮüѵʱ
ԭǶ෽ģһսľ顣вʿս϶걬ҹδ롣һ棬ǵСʿڵУȻҪҹδǿ̫࣬ƽʱӴĶҹδ֮ǰ붼û뵽ġĵʱ䣬Ҫҹδ볤̫ࡣ
㣬ҹδ뿪ʼϰľнŲ£Щʿϰʮ궼ٵġ
ԣҹδڻʵ걬ԷԷڵ걬ҹδ룬ҹδеսӮʮּѡҲ˵ҹδоʹΪľнͣƤë׶ΣŶûС
ҲսĶǵͬĵУǿģһΣʧܵĿҹδ롣
İ
컨񣬵ػ˻
ÿȻӣÿֻаˣΪǿ
˻һµİ񵥣ҲǵӰֻҪǵӣ˭ȥ񣬵ϵİˣΪ㶼ϸӡ
ϸӽֻаϰ񣬾νΪңÿϰĵӣʵΪǿ
ҹδսĶʮϸӣͲǰǿӡ
ϸӣȻֻа񣬵ҲĵӾûһԵʵڵҲһʵͽܡҹδӺХҪϸǴǷУʵһϸʿʼսսʤ֮󣬱ԾһѾս˶ʮʵѾڴԼǧ
˶ʮսҹδоԼսÿ춼ڷɿľнÿ춼ڷɿؽҲֻֻš
һա
ҹδ뱻ȥ֪´һڴ󻪵Ľɽ壬μһ֧Сȥ
ҹδȻףǽ壬ƽ̵֪ÿս֪Ҫʵսٽ򣬱λᡣӵĶӳǴһλ˻ǿߣ΢֪ܿƽԷԸҹδ֧Сӵġ
˳˴ɽ£Ѿ˵ȴ˼ҹδ룬׷׹Ϊ
ҹʦã
ҹδ뵱Щ˼Ϊ˶ʶȴʶˡһŮӿҹδϵɫЦ
ҹʦãһ¡λǴϯӣꡣ
ʦ֡
λǹͷϯӣİ
ʦ֡
Ʒϯʦ㣬ơ
ʦ㡣
ҹδвɵһʲôݰ
ԼǸɽϯ˵֪һİھڶʮһȫǰǿ֮ڡ
ͬʱҲȻôǿݣͷĻ˻񲻼򵥰
İһҹδ룬˵ˡ
ҹδɫһ㶣ֳԻ󣬸Ҫʶİʲô˼ЦҲֳΡҹδ͸ˣǶİȴһ˵ģȥֹסЦ
ʦֵ˼ǣսÿֻԽһ̫ˡӦֱս񡣡

ҹδ벻ɾȵŴͣû뵽ԼսȻ˰ǿϵʿע⣬û뵽ôͬԼʵҡͷ
Уڵʵ
ҹʦĥµ;ɣ꿪ڵ
ţҹδ벻ɾؿһ꣬Լ뷨ѾԷ͸
һµֻҪսʽԼǵоİЧʼ͵ʱ򣬱㲻һЩ
ҹδ룬ַʽÿս󣬸ոպԼ򣬵ҲƲ⣬һԼľнţԾһսЧͻ½ˡ깰ֵ
лʦ֡


412 
ûϼ䣬ɽһˣ˼æʩҹδҲʩ
ݼʦ塣
μͷ߰ɣ
ĸ˾͸μŵ԰ȥ԰źܶޣɺ׾Ӷ࣬ǸӴá˸Գһֻɺ׷˵
ҹδ뻹ǵһγɺףŴƮƮζʮ㣬ʵϲ߿֮Уû㹻Ϊȡ
ǲɷϣٶ졣Լһʱɺױ·䡣ҹδ·ȥ·һӡӲ󣬴ԼǧཨǽΧֻǴʱһƬžһ˼
ɺ׽ھǧ֮⣬һҹδ˴ɺѾ߳ˣʩ
̸ͨҹδ֪ǾӲԶһǳصܱ˷˶ˣ˽ȥҲûгܱҲİ˽룬˵ǱЩӸˡ
ӳˣ
ҹδɫһ㣬˵ȴֳһȻ֮ɫСʵ
ʦ㣬ôˣѵЩ
ҲӦ

ţܹģ¸ɽʯԵĶܹģ£ΩΩФұʿڲעʱ򣬱ˡ
Ϣɡμڵ
Ϊ׼ˡλ롣Ǹܱæ˵
˱ڣܱӴȡʳУʳȡּȣζ˱ǡҹδҲ˵ֻǸųԣڳԵʱ
һٷ꣬˵μҹδӷҲϸ˽⡣ҹδ˵ûá
ܽҲһ仰
ӳˡ
ʱɫѽ硣μվ߰ɡ
ܱ˸ӿڣͣǰμҲΪ⣬ĸ߽ӿڡ
һߣһ߿дʣָһȻǰȥһĨ׹⣬ͬƥһǰӣٵӡ
̾ͳˡ
ӵķݶҡΣŤǴŸ۵۵죬ͬڲϵҧһ㡣
ⷿӡҹδ뺧Ȼ
Ҫ£ƵЩѾԭķˣԭķͻΪ˳
ֻһ仰ҹδһ⣬ֽܹһԶģȻܹģһԶ
ݻ٣μһûжֻ֣Ǹֶ˫Ŀâ˸
ҹδ̶֡ҹδȡһн
нûڴһģҴʱʶŶʮöƵлƵķ롣
䡭
ĸ˷׷׳֣һݻ٣һߴݻһݣһǰУԭͲǺܿߵ롣
¡¡֮𣬽´𶯣μͣ˽Ųͷȥǵ󣬵¡γһܣһӶѾֻ֣ǺԭӵĲֲͬγһԲεӣһ㽨˰Χм䡣
Щķ
ǱҵֻҲڵ
зҹδһУзĶǼԼܹԸģ±˻Ըˡ
İ³ĸ֡
ƵͷǷأкܶഥǣÿǶ൱ڷȴûʵ
ҹδˣ㽫Ŀμʱμ΢΢۾۷еʡһյƣյſзȥԽԽߣȻֻһƹ⣬һƹĹȴӡӱƹ֮󣬾ҹδǵҰб㷢˱仯
ҰҲһӣһĴ֡ھǲԶֳһͻƴһֻϲǴ̣һ֣Щִϵʹ˵¡

μһ̧־ֻץ˹ȥб۳һֻ֣֮ϣܶҹδ뿴μͷðһ䣬֪μɣȴѾóȫ
һץס㿪ʼһֻֻȻ°γͬһ׶ִֻȥ̵ִֻͬɸһ㣬֧顣μغȵ
Ȼϣ
μһ˲ſʼ֡ûзӦǶμءʱ򣬱ҹδ붼ˣֻƾμһˣδĶ֡ʵμԤϡ


413 ն
ĸ˵ķӦٶȾܹĸ˵ʵ귴Ӧ죬һ˽ǾǾ
˽ǾΪܹסԷ
ȴȻʧڵ֮ϣ߾ХǵıĴ糤ǹһ㼤
ƼٵؼһСԲܣǸСԲӭͳһܣ˵ǰ
䡭
ͬǧٸ˴ǹ˶ϣ˲ڱѪص˳ȥ꼱æ˫ȥӣϮ겻ɵˣ˫زڴϣزȳһӡ
μʱап࣬û뵽ǿزǵһնɱֻǿףӦֻ֮յ콵ͻơ
ĸ˿ɶǵ콾Ҳȥ
ֻðһˡ
ԥָʳָüһָһڹк˲ֻͷϣֻƣԭһ
ҹδվԭأֳɫɫޱȡһʵĴ˵ǲǼٵġֻǼ˺ֻݵĽ棬֪ƾԼΪ϶Ķ֣ܹ࿹ֻԼڵʵ
û̶֣Ʋ⣬ԼͷųڵܣҲﲻ̫æԼȣȵһѵʱμᡣ
ѾȫϣȥȴеĴֻգ˱͹һ񣬼Ӳ쳣Ȼֵսμüͷֻ̫ǿˡҲֻкƴˡ
䡭
꣬İƷֻҹδҲӽֻȥȴͷųһɵɫâ˵Ĺ档
͡
ͻȻһͬһǲɫĹâм̶μûзӦ˲ƵǰüĴ˹ȥ
ꡭ
һֻϣֱֻǼĶ£ð˺̣ٶȴƷӦ˹μǸðź̴ŶµĴ֣մ˹ȥҹδȴǲа̽Լֳڵܣ»ᱻǸ裬ҪͻϮμͲˡ
μʱңԼķȻֻסˡʱԼһ̫ˣӶû˻ᣬԼҪˡ
ҹδʱжûжٻţӣԽΣԽ侲
Ȼ¶ڵݣǾͲˡҴʱҹδҲоҵ㡣
ף
ΪһĴǶˣ˵ŴЧһϵʵ
ʦ壬Ǹ᲻˺
μ۾һ̵
䡭
ҹδ벻ϵӿڵĴһִϵغϣŨ̹סس鴤š
ͬʱμдϲܹоĵֿȼƴȫٿڿٵ˽ȥǲֿʵҲ㣬ÿҪתʱʹתⲻ޷תʱܼӶͣĳ鴤
飡
ڽǸճʮΣѪɡ
μдϲһֽٺĸоϮͷһҹδ룬ϥϢһսʵ̫ˡ
ҹδ뷴ЩƲ֣γûΪԼǻŴڵı£ξͽˡ
ҹʦãлл˹𷽲Լһֹᴩϻž¡
Ӧõġҹδ
̤̤̤
һ󼱴ٵĽŲܱ˹ʱѾƽһ飬ûһݡȻܹؿɱŷĵ˹
λɣΪǻܱ𾴵
ҹδ뼸˵ͷһϥ£ʼָϢ
ԼʱμǸȥǸʬУһɫӣμ
ֹһҹδĸ½Ϣϣվμǿӵ
ʦˣʦõĻ֣ƽָǰɡ
ǣʦ塣꼸˻ܹ˵ʲôԭǳͲ󣬳ҹδ붼ûпڣȻҲͱ졣


414 
μһҹδ룬Ƭ̵ι׺ܴʲôҪģԺ˵
ҹδʦ壬ϸҪβܹͻƵ˻
ˣϣ£롣˴ͨأ˻ȻϸѾܹͨأ·ߣϸԲͨشﵽ⶯֮䣬Ϊ˻
ιͨ
μ΢΢üÿÿ˵ķһڣŷͻƵķǽɶ졣㹵ͨŰ㲻ⷽ波һ¡
ҹδɫһ㣬һϲ֣صлμҲ¶ЦݣҲͲǷҹδˡ
߰ɣ
ɺնȥص˵μƮȻȥСһ£Ȼͬ⣬ȥĶĸ˶ϸŹͬԣһԶ
ҹδصԼĶչ˼
ϸʲҲУһֱûҵ򡣶ľнҲǿ֮ǰƾǰȴٳٲܽ롣
ǣμһ֡
ͻƷ
ǽɶǷķȴһα
Ϊʲôαأ
ڷڲͣþշιյķɲǷڷÿһĿУǽÿһĵ棬Χڣ˱γһʿԼĶ졣
ֻɷɣԶδﵽ죬Խα졣
ҹδ룬ĴͻƵҪһΪǾǵԷֻҪһַͺˣÿһͷҲһࡣ
ǣҹδ벻С
յķҲнȫз
Ҳǽľˮַ
ֲ㹴վˣľˮַ֮ҪĹÿһľˮǸڣǹСڳ໥΢з֮󣬱γһα졣
Уת̶ԡ
ǣҪŪβܹﵽĹҹδ˵һѵ㡣ͬûͷ
ռ䡣
뵱ʱ򣬱ռеĸҹδռӦҲܹͻƷϸԼ
ҹδ뽫蹬еʶȻþڷĲ㿪ʼþľˮĶзķ
꣬ҹδͽ뵽ռڡ
㿴ռڳһķ뵽ķĲ㣬㿴濪ʼշ
ľˮַȻַһּΪķʽһֻǿһ飬ҹδ뾹Ȼûпҹδ뵱ڿʼգعʧˣڵʧ֮ռһ¹ա
һһΣҹδʧһΣбһ˿ÿһζһÿһ˽һ򣬶еҲڹͨضһ˿
ҹδҲûһֱȥÿʶڵľһյʱ˳ϢָǶռڵҺҺʣ࣬ܲá˭֪ʲôʱҪǬھŶ;һ㡣
Ҳֻڵһչأӵڶ쿪ʼûһֱչأÿռо̶к͹ͨ⣬ÿȥսһϸʿƵʡ
۶֮⣬һׯ԰ڡ
ֳ֮ɫ£㻹𣿡
ҲģֳԹ֮ɫӦҲһ뿪¾ҲûлĻˡ
Ҳ˺áοɽڣͲûաôͼһûлأ

ԶУֺɫһ䣬˶죬һǽǰĳһŷǽڱֳһŻ߽Ż̨ŵȥǸŻʮϢ֮ʧֱһǽڡ
Сʱ
ͼһγڷڣʱڶһˣȴĵ䡣ʧȥۣ۾ʪ
壬ˣ
䵹νϳʱ򶪵ġýϳһʱ䣬ѰҴ磬Ȼ磬ʲô㣿
ҡֳ֮ɫ壬粻ģȴûа취
ֿһЦԭڻоͦࡣؿլУطᣬмֺʹֺһۣȴԴֺ
Ҵһᣬǲ֪᲻á
ʲô᣿˵ĿⶸȻ
۶ˡ


415 
һ£ĿⶸȻһٵĸף
ǡ
üͷһԵļĿƵ£ֻҪǰҹδžĹϵߵصһᡣ
ʲô᣿ЩƮ
ҹδžĹϵߵҲ
üͷ
Ҫ磬Ϊܿһ̣¾ͻὫ¸ߵ¾û˻ᡣ
£Ƕһѵ飬Ƕڵ˵ȴǷǳ򵥵顣
߸ϣ׵Ļʵ۲ǵ֣׽ǵĻˣΪռԴĴˡ˭ϣһ仰顣
Ȼǵκһ˶һ仰˭ʵ۵ǵУܵʿ͵ƽƽ
˾ڲ˲ӡڵУһ׻ʵۺһܵʿûпɱԡ
ǡһ˿ԥҲ
ĬȻƬ̣˵ͻ

Ͻ
һ¿ͷĴڱܣͻȻһ١
ۡ
ȻͬˮѪӿ׶˳һֻֻƳһ˳
ͨ
Ǹ˵ϣܿͱһ̲Ѫˮ
һ˴ӲԶ˹ʥŮ诱ӵм䣬һ𾴵
ʥŮһ·ѾȥһٰʮϽƽ٣ʥŮ֮
诵ȴûжϲãֻǵ˵ԭϢ
ǣ
һϽʿʼѰʳһ˻УԶӪأһԾһʯ֮ϣ̧ͷһѤõϼȻƣһƳ棬ǽƵĸ档诵һȻü˼
ΪʲôûзӦأ
ӳӦûĸзӦӳȴûзӦô¶
ѵžӳ棿
ôܣ
诵üͷøںܾ֮ǰͷӳʧȥ˿ƣ޷žڵķ
ϴȥ󻪵۶ۿĹȣͨ֪žѾ˵ڱע׷ɱҲɣ˵žʦʫʫɱ˵ӵٶӡ
ǣžΪʲôҪɱ٣
ѵٷžݣԼȥѰƱģ
žɱ˵٣
ǡʫʫô¶
ʥŮһŮӵӾʯ´
诵ͷȥǺԼõʦú㡣һݣʯĵĽƣ
Ҳž䣿
ţ
ž飬ûԼĺýãҲԼľĸ㡣Ǻ
žĸ׺岻ǹƹ𣿲ųϢž֪ضʵʵǰƹȡ
΢΢ҡͷ֮ǰץļˣΪľΪҰ¡ѾӵڽϢȥᾪҲɡỳžɱٵıҡ
ô죿
Ѱž䵹ǲҲΪӳʲôԵʱ߳˯ˡžӲҵġҪ֪ǣžΪʲôɱ١
ˡ
ĿһĹȹھҹδѾ˵žҹδĴ硣˵ǿһҹδ롣
ʦãȥһӴһҹδ롣ܹ͸ˡ
û⡣̧֣һֱĹƳģһҹδҹƳū

һ񽣻գҹδĶ֮⣬ᴥҹδĶšҹδ뿪߳ץס񽣣̽룬ɫһ䣬ŵűӶȥ
֮⡣
ǹЩվһô£Ŀǿһ£һӰͻأس֡
δ룡ǹӭҹδȥ
ҹδͷ˲ȥһɽۣ֮ɨӣ׵ؿΧǷˣſʵ
磬£
ˡ
ҡҹδһݣò£֪ǹڵ顣
ǹ⽫һСݸҹδ룬ҹδһ򣬾̽ȥɫر
ܰݷõ˵ҹδžĹϵŭ
ԭ̫ܹ֪ҹδžĹϵΪ󻪻ʵ۵ô᲻֪
ԼѾ˴죬ȻûиԼ
֪ô̸ģλǸŵصѾΪ󻪵ĻʵۡطľȨؿĲȨлӻŮͷ
ҹδüͷ󻪵ԼԲܡȻڻӻŮͷҲζûɱġոٵǴ󱦣Ҳɱ֡ҪɱҲҪԼȨȹ֮
Ӧǰȫģԭûж֮ģҲûз


416 ʵ
ڵǣڸϻصӥ죬Ҳ첻˶٣ΪΪҲ˵ò˶ãͻ
ôŷصĿʲô
ȻԼ
ֻҪץסԼϢԼĴͱضǰ
Լô
ֻѡһߴ·뿪һصŵܹסԼ
һ·ܼѣԼȴԼСڶ·ȴǰ˵Уϻߵһ·ǰѡ
ǣڱ˵С
ҹδɫãжŵϻѡԼϾĶӣ廤Լǳ
һûأ
ƽ̰أ
磬뿪ȥ㣬Ժߡ
أ
д㣬ģ˽һƻһȥ㡣ЩԴš
ǹԥһ£ֽӹ˴ã֪ڰﲻʲôֻΪ׸Ҫҵʱҡ
ţҹδͷ
ҹδǹֿص˵Žȥ׼͵忪ϲ̸̸Ϊ̸ü
ڵʱǵûлźܴĲռ䡣
Լ˵ɣԵΪˣ㻤סԼǲ뻤ԼȴҲΪԼǸʱ򣬸ֻѡ
һǻԼҲΪܹסԼһΪĳԭ򣬻סǲ뻤Ҳ˺ҹδ룬ҹδŵûл뿪
塣
Ķ
ҹδڵף͵𣿡
۾΢΢ִУܹһ仰зֿܣ
ٵйأ
ҹδһݣⵥķӦҲ̫ˣҡͷÿҶûм١
գһ۵Ǿžйϵ
ⷴӦҲ̫ˣ
ҹδвòֻһգ۵ʱ䣬ܹ׼ķҹδҲûͷ
žҴ硣
˵仰ҹδҲǽŵŵ壬ȻƲ⣬ԼԵж岻ᷴɱĲȡЩе˼˭ܹĲ׽ס
ˣ
ûУҹδֳ֮ɫҵļ˶ˡ
ˣ
š
ҹδ㽫Լ˵һ飬궼һҹδǹҵġ
Լλ޹ʧˣ类ͨ㣬ĸڷɽʧֻʣ¹¼ҹһ
㣬ĸӦѾ˷ɽСžӦûţλʧٵЩĪʵ
λ壬
ûУһҹ֮䣬ͻȻʧˡ
ͷһȥٲ顣
ҹδ۾һл
ͷȻüͷžĹϵԵƢضץ㣬ȻΪնڣס㡣
ҹδһŵĻžȵɵڣԵΪݣûбҪƭԼվڵһߣȫھͰԼץŵﲻҲȫԼھߡ
лػҹδٴεл
ҹδҲֻܹڵڻ㣬뿪˵Ҿûˡ
ҹδͷñ޳ĪĵܹڵѾ㹻ˣ֣ҲӵǣЩģ
ƽ̡
ģƽҲͬġžž䣬㣬ƽ̿ȺӣҲɢˡڵⱻץˣɱˣһҲصˣƽ̲һˣʧȥ˹أˡ
ҹδ볹׷ģ˼Ƭ̵磬Ǹţ
̾Ϣһҹδʣ뵽磬ǸʱֻпԼˣ뻤ţҲ޳Ī
ף
ľǵ
ҹδĬȻҲһŰ
ˣٺϸ˵˵硭
Ҳ֪ҹδý뵽磬˵øϸҹδҲ棬ȡһ򣬲ʱؼ
͵ǣҹδֻصԼĹУ·֪ڸϻÿսһϸʿѾսʾϵǧδһܡҹδȴû˿ˣʱ̾ΪľнͲһ˿ȴôҲûš
ռڵԷѾƽ˳ɹ


417 ص
ùƽȴѾ䶯ˣ˱չصʿÿʿ̸ҹδ롣
ʵҹδÿ̶һսÿսĶ֣һҵķΧڣؼǣҹδδһܡ
ԣʮ嶼̸ҹδ롣
ҹδһǳȥİ
ҿδأ˵ֱս񰡣
Ӧûİɡ
ģҿҹδͼСӦͼ󡣡
ͼܴȥѵһɣ
˵ˡƣһЮδܵƿʼսʱδؾͲܳϵһ
㡭ǿͻϸã
η塣
ɣ壬ХҹδľΧĸУɣ˻ʿҹδϸʿλеڶХΪ蹬
ɿһ壬ֿҹδ룬ڽҹδ벻ͣ˵ɣ
ʦ֣㿴ʲô
δ룬˵ʵÿսǲƣǲ׼һֱսһʲôʱս壿
ҹδЦõҡҡͷûôԶսҲδҵĿġҲơȻʵȷʵƣĲҵĿġ
Ŀʲô
ͻưҪսнͨнܹľнͨأ̶ͻ˻žصá
ɫһ㣬ҹδ˵úеҲ߹·ֻҹδոͻƵϸû뵽һ㡣
ǡ㲻̫𣿡
ҹδ룬ʿٶЩ죬ԼдⷽĸÿϰзѾԼʵ˻
ֻϦ
ţ˴Ĵָ
ЧΣʵ
ЧУڽ͡ҹδüͷ
ΪʲôԽһЩˣֱս񣿡Хʵ
ңңͷȻЧͰƵʣһ㺻ʵһ̫ߣδ档
ҹδͷҲôģȻЧڽͣǻС絥ʦ˵ķʽѾЩˣҪԼʱ䡣
ɺ㶼ͷҹδ뿴ʦ֣Ҳս𣿡
ţͷ뽣ʱڱչءڱչǰҲսΪڵʱ䳤սʱѾǰǿھʮ
ХЦʮǰսΣǸʱҸոսϸս˵ھʮһʦУ֮ҲûսһֱҸоԼ޴ͨսԼǱԣһսһ·ɱһջǰ£һ·սȴҸеͻƵԻ̱֮չأϧǡ
źҡҡͷûͻơ
Ц˻ôͻƵģαչҲûջҲò˶ãͻˡ
㼪԰ɡ¶ţŵĿУܹαչȻûлͻƣջԲС
أʦ֣
ңʦֳҵסʱ򣬸ûȥսʲô񣬶СӼҼҵ⣬ֱȥ磬ͻƵ˻
ҹδɫһڣ˵СӼҼҡҹδ뵭˵
СӼҼҰҼǰǼһ
ɵֳ֮ɫæ˵˵ţ
Ȼ̧ͷҹδҲ̧ͷȥһӰŽȥҹδ벻ɾȵ
˭
ɵ
ҹδɫһ䣬ʣǱԼġ廹ⰡǵֱץԼǱŵȥˡ
ʦǽʲôʵ
ҡͷҹδ촽˶ջû˵Ȼɶû˵ԼҲûбҪ˵
ҹδû飬һװλʦֽѾɵ˵Ķ֪͵һʲô棿
ԼһӺ󣬱ˣŭԶԶɽҹδ˶ܹоһüͷ
ܹоʦɱⰡ
ʱҹδ׹ѣŴӿзɹĵ·ɨһۣĿɨҹδ룬ͬһ䵶ιεĹ
δ룬Ķ˵
ҹδվŵ˹ֵҡ


418 ž俪
ɢ˰ɣһߡ
վĸһȥûҹδ룬ÿжǵ˽֮󣬷ټҹδ룬ҹδضйءֻÿ˶Լı֣ҹδ벻˵Ҳʡ
һ·ϣǵ˺ХĶХǣȻ壬ɵҹδһֱ˵ĶǰȴûнȥҹδŵɵͷȻ߽˶
δ룡վڶҹδ룬ɫصܹоɱ⡣µıϣû
˵ڰֵʲôҪɱ֮ûд
ҹδͷ
ڵڣԲҶ㶯֡Ѿ㡣ǣ뿪˵ûܹ㡣һܵʿʵûֱӡ󡣵ҿԸһȷܵʿͬһˣϸʿһֻϡҲ˵Ҫɱ㣬ץ㣬ּɣûнҵĻᡣ
ԣʱڡ

ڣ㲻Ҫ뿪
ҡ
ҵģݷµͻ뿪ҲڵڸҴ꣬ΪܾܿǱڵ֮⣬ץ㡣
õ뿪ȥץž䣬ֻһˣҵž䣬һָͷܹž䡣žһ˺Ϊ޹ءñȥңԼץ㣬ΪץסžĹؼ
ģž䲻ɵӣܹôãҪҵסʱ䣬ҵ
ǰأҹδʵ
ûˡЦΪܵΪֲǷǲص˽ġλΪ۹˹׵㣬һļڻڼѾȥ˰ʱ䣬ʱҲֻаˡ͵ý硣
ȻڵҲЩĸģĸضһֱѰž䡣ȴ㣬Ϊҽӡǲǵ
ˣҹδվл
סҵĻҴӦ㣬ǰҵĳŵʧЦ
ף
ҹδصԼĶһ˾طӣվġ
ʵϣԡԼ뿪ͲҪץԼֻҪ͵͵ԼУһܵʿһϸʿҹδͷֲˡˣԼҵ˴磬Ҳҵ˴硣絥˵һ˺Ϊ޹أܵΪĵҪҵҲǳסԼΪ˴㡣
ԼҲû㡣
ԼӦǲ鷳ԼΪ
Ҫɱʫʫʹ磬ûɱ٣ȴ˺ڹԼҪԼץסն
һлΪԼʹ
ǾʵʵڵΪ֮˵
ҹδ˴η壬ǰս
Ͻ
һɽһɽ˼
һֺĺһɽ˲ݵϣŻƻϼ
ϵ·еĵط¶潡׳ļ⣬ͷöһһ縵ģ쳣ңҲģķ糾һ˫۾ȴǳ
˲Ǳˣž䡣
žӴ󻪵۶뿪֮󣬾Ȱ˵ûشѩɽһϽ߽˳ɽ֮䡣
֪Լܻѩɽˡ
Ϊúܿ죬żû̵ע⵽ԼԼΪʱ򣬱ضѩɽ̸߲ע⡣
Լס̡
ؼǣĲˣǳԼشѩɽѩɽ̸߲עԼǳסһ֣ܹȻѧĲѩɽʲô
Ȼϸעǳزסˡ
ԣԶϽһ˽뵽ɽСÿľͽɽһɽһɽڰÿҹǿգǳ
һ˵ĿޣΪʼ˿쳵ѪҺ˾Ѫ֮ԭͳһš
ҹ
ɽ֮ϵžۿǳȻ䣬һ죬ʼתǳ
ʱ
žüȻһ忪蹬


ҹδ֪Ѿ뿪˵Ǻܿڵ֮⡣֪ԼˣԼӦǵڵĸֻǼԼҲҽ뽣ķΧֻڽķΧԼ
뿪Ѿʮˣһж·ûʲô仯ҸսսýĽóĳ񡣵ڵһͬһֵ飬Ǳҹδÿս


419 
ҹδѾսϱϵһǧҵķΧδһܡǣÿۿʿҲܹҹδӮԽԽѡҹδƾľǹӲԶԷʱ򻹲֡Ѿϵʿҹδ״̬Ҳʹʮſܣ
ҹδ뵹ǲ꣬ΪûаѴ񵱳ĿģǰѴ񵱳ֶΣҪͻƣܷջڵڼͲں
һȥҹδÿ̶սÿҲ̶ػѾͨ˴Ļ֣ѻֻȡ˴ʯԴһһ㣬ֻҪл֣ȥȡʯ͸ԴΪ֪Լʦʦڵܾãʱ뿪ܵЩʯ͸ԴԺʱ
һա
ҹδոս꣬ӮһӮһ֮һ־ͽ뵽ǧڡǣҹδɫáһӮʮּѡ
ƾӲʵӲԵĶԷ
ҹδڵ״̬ǣȻͶһϸʿǻʵȴǱ˵һԭֻʵѹͬʿǣʵȫӳΪ򲻹ܷӳӦеʵһԼԼҲܹӳԼɵʵ
Ҳ˵ż;ȴΪԭ򣬻˵нľûţֻܹӳɵܡ
ҹʦá
ոսսӭˣһ壬һŮӡŮӺİ
ʦ֡ҹδӭȥ
ҹʦãܣλǺ㣬Ͻƹȵʦá
ʦ㡣
ҹδɫ䣬ȴһݡѾ֪ƹȣ̺ʹ£ںƽ׶Σ˴ʿҲ໥߶и֪ž䱻ƹ˽ơһμ棬ž仹ϸҹδ뽲£ҹδϽʿҪСġ
ʣҹδѾ֪ĿľΪԼҪԼϢ˵һץԼԼΪն
Լ˰
ҹδֳ崺֮ɫһд˺㣬һȺ˽Ҳʮֿġϯ䣬ҹδ
ҹʦãһ·սδܡʱȥƹȣʦұضɨԴ
ʱһҹδ뾲ЦţͬһһûȥϽءľɫһ
ȻЦȻҹҪϽˣûȤһ𣿡
ҹδҡͷڳͻƣʱڲ뿪
ɫһ㣺˵㲻Ǹոͻϸ𣿡
ǰ
ǡôܡĿһҹʦãӦóȥһͻҡôȥϽһ
ҹδ˼һ£ҡͷһҪҵļƻߣȥǱضģǲ
ǡðɣ

ҹδںһϸʿ֣ϸȻûн񣬵ϴ߰ҵλá
Ѿǿˡ
һһϸսʮַḻ
ʱ˵սһҹδֻʹ𽣾ľˮ𽣾Ѿ΢·磬ֻתΪȫء
Է˫֮һ˴ǹԾѹƲƽΧĹۿʿҲ΢΢ҡͷվߵĺ
ҹʦҪˡ
ǰźս֮·ҪֹˣƱ裬ԺҪͻƾ͸ˡҹʦûǼˡ
𡭡
Ǹ˴ǹһͷȻХҹδҧ˹ȥ
ǹδҹδϵ·ѾѺۡ
ˣ
ʿͷҹδĿжϧԣƱ裬ԺҪʱȥĥһ·սͻû𵽸ЧЧˣܹ꣬´ʱѾͻƵ˻
ĿУҹδ˫أǹϺ˰벽еĳ̳
һ̣еĳһֳ֮У·ų֮
һ̣ҹδѹ֮£˴أͬب棬ʹΪһ壬·Ǵ͹һʯ
ˡ
һ̳ɫĽ⴦һ޴ʯײԾͷ
⡭ɫһ񣺡ͻˡ
䡭
ʯͷײʯ飬ͷɢңȴδʧҹδײȥ
ҹδ˫žɫ
ˡ
һ޴ʯųͬɽһХ
䡭


420 СĿ
ľʯͷ¶Ǹ˴ǹǹ⣬Ҿ޴ܽǴǹ
ͻˣ۾һ
ΧۿʿҲǾһҹδսôãҶ֪ҹδͨսѰͻƣһֱս߰ңÿһսĥԭΪĴƻᱻжϣȴû뵽ѹ֮£ڻͻơ
ҹδнеͻˣƤë뵽šȻֻţȴ̲صһɡ
ԭǿ;Ϊԭֻܹͷųɡ
ͺñһˮװ̫ˮǸˮĹ̫ϸˣнţһӽӱˣͷŵȻҲˡ
䡭
תҹδ벻ӵأҲõͷţԷʼ·硣
ҹδÿһ̳˽һ
νţͺñƿһ˽ȥ㻹ûߵ۾ȴܹڵ磬ҪϹĥǿ̫ࡣԣǺѵģһţҪܶࡣ
ϡ
ҹδһһܸǿһ̣Ѿû˶֣ȫ֮С
䡭
ʮĽ̳ǹֶɣǸʿĵˣ˫ֻڱ飬Ѫ
ãҹδ빰ֿڣȻͱ۾
ΧûлһƬž˭֪ҹδ֮УøšǸʿһԼѪ˫֣̾һ˴ǹתȥ
㿴ҹδ룬Ŀ˸ҲϸʿǴʱȴû˿գܹƾʵսҹδ룬͸˵׽ҹδˡ
ǣΪʵУûİ취
ŹƳ棬ֻҪᣬҹδͷŹƳ棬ҹδͻԹԵͬū͡
ţ
ԱߵͻȻһбʣһ̣ЩעҹδʿϵɫΪʡ
һ̣ǵ۾ܹؿҹδ룬ȴǸоҹδĴڡָоʮֹ죬ǵʿ֪ҹδ˴ءһ̵ҹδ룬ͬصһ֡
˵ļһǶˡ
ʱ̣ܶҲʮϢʱ䣬ҹδ۾˫Ŀ˸žϲҲû뵽ջô󣬾ȻʿһӶĶ
ʮϢĶֱСɣȻûдﵽСɣȴҲ˱Ե
ͻƣͻƣڽļ죬ҹδ뼸ÿһͻһٶȣֱ𽫽𽣾ˮ𽣾ľͻƵţʿʵ÷ǣÿһͻƵʱ򣬶õ˶򣬷ֱֽͻƵСɾٽ㡣
ҹ
ҹδռڳԹзнͻƣľźܴĸľҲ·Ѿƿһŷ졣ÿ쳢ԹзҲе𲽼ľƶáľҲазҲŸ⡣

ҹδϥɽϣɡڵʶڵľһ˿˿øӾ

ҹδ뻺³һŽµƺϸϸ˼
׼սˡ
һ·սߵһ
ǣʱǣԼѡսʽ
ǽϵˣһսȥ֮ǰǰ㣬Ծս
Ǿϵ˶սһ飬ԭܼ򵥣ΪԼнʱ䣬ñڵһǳȥ޸䶼УΪܿ档
Ҫڵţ֮ǰֳȥĻûˣʣսĥˣǻʲô
һսȥˣ
Ҫ󲻸ߣһٸ˵սֻҪܹнеֽͻƵСɾͿԣֻҪľžͿԣֻҪܹзȫ򣬳ɹճС
СĿꡣ
˵ʵСĿĳɹʷǳΪѾӽٽˡ
ҹδսֿʼˡܵĹעˡ
ǰȻÿսδһܡǻкܶʿעģϾϵĽԣȻŴʿעЩʿ඼ϸһµʿϵİʿУҲнһûйעҹδ롣
ǣҹδսʱϵİʿҲֻвʮûļˡǵһ궼ˡ
һʿһݵӣվͬһͣӵҹδսⳡսҲڴȴû˿ķŭͲм
Ϊҹδһ·õʿѾҹδʵǿúܶʿڴҹδһս


421 
ҹδͨսĥֺγڴҹδĥԼ
ԣûаڼӣؾˡֶȴҹδ롣
δ룡
һһֱĺ۾ȥ
һϯӭһͷŮ˹ȥȻʶǸŮӣǽҪԵĶҹδ롣ҹδ깰Ϊ
ʦ֡
δ룡꺬Цôڵ𣿡
ҹδɫһҡͷᣡ
һֱҪľͨսУôڵı£˵ԼʧȥĥµЧϵĶҲƽ
ҾҲᡣЦֲΪϵΣΪͻ˻
ҹδ΢΢ҡͷտʼսʱΪͻ˻нͻƣȴûоþ˻ˣԶˡ
ǰҲ̾ϢһΪԽߣԽ䰡
ҹδ빰֣ѾˣԼ̫ͣãǶԺĲأźȥ
һսûʲôֽʹйзܵĺܿ졣
ʱһȥÿϵζڱ仯Ϊÿҹδ붼һϵʿѾϵĵʮҲ˵Ѿʮһ
ҹ
η塣
ϥҹδ۾˫һĨɫʣ漴ȥٴα۾תǳռӿһ㣬֮ǰЧֱһʶڵľʼճķתӵӵĴ⡣
ת֮ҹδٴ۾еϲزס
ľͻˣˡ
ŸոţЧֱһƿľţ磬ľ˸ĸ֪
ľнз
ศɣÿһͻƣŶżĴٽáз֮ľţľţҲƱػḨн뵽Сɣȱ߲ʱˡսܹһʱ䡣
˵нͻƣǸˮӻһֵĹӣˮĸࡣôľͻƣˮˮˮҹδʵһȼ
ƽһľҹδһν뵽ռڣУʼںϵзȻԼѵ뷨з
ҹδ֮ǰֻǿʼ˵һǹ˽ľˮֻȻֻںϡһǴﵽˡڶҪںϵзڣսĲ㲼ںϵз
Ȼռ俪ʼݻںϵзڣ޾ҹδʧ

ֱʶһʹŽʧеҹδ뾪ѡҹδ뼱æ˳ռ䣬ʼָ
ҹʱ֣ҹδŻ³һǷһ˿Ц
ռĵڶȵһѶˣĹʶľȻûһ˿ȫʧ
ɣ
ҹδ뵹ҲûʲôɥôףͲôٵķˡҪ֪ǿҪһռ䣬Ȼαռ䡣
µһ졣
µս
⡭
ҹδսѾΪ˵ע顣ҹδʵ͵ϸʿʼսһ·սÿһսδһܡҪǣսĿϵһʿǵ
ôҹδһսܣÿۿҹδսѾΪ˵һʢ¡ǴӹۿУҲȷʵܹ
ǡ
ҹδٶ̫ˣ˫ĽֻûгУҹδͻ˶֡
⡭ҹδͻˡ
ڵĺɫأѾ֪ԼȫҹδĶ֡ҹδ뽻֣¼ֲСΨһİ취ǿҹδ룬ҹδͷŹƳ档
ʵ֡
Щӣӽҹδ룬Ҳμ˼ҹδĽᣬڿ⽻֮£˵ĹϵֻҪ뿪ҹδԲԼԼУ¹Ƴ棬̫ˡ
ҹδֳ˲õЦݣ
δ룬ϲ
лл
ҹδ뺬ЦлĿƿ塣˲ʱЦ
ҹʦãҪչһʱˣҵѹ̫ˡ˵
ҵǸڴˡĿ罣ϣҹʦܹ㹻ѹ
ҹδ뿴壬֪ҲڴԼһսͻ˻
ضȫԸ
ҹʦãʵͻƣʵΧʿҲ˶䡣


422 ս
ţľˡ
ľ겻ɸ̾ǵѵļľ֮һû뵽ҹʦô̵ʱˡ
ֻŰˣҹδҡҡͷƿţ֪Ĺ㲩䡣
ǰ·ߣֳ壺ȥüǿ
ƿЦò˶ãҾҪҹʦõսˣ򲻹ҹʦá
ʦ㡭ҹδɫΡ
ģᶨұضȫԸȻ򲻹㣬ҪңҲס
ҹδ¶м֪ǻϵʧܣҲҪҹδĥµĻᡣ
ԺҹʦõսѾͬҹʦû᲻ʤҪҹʦüлܶˡһ
ҹδɫ΢䣬仰𵽺ܴãõʿִҹδ롣
л֣ܶ
ǵö࿴֣
ҹδĿǸ˵磺ݺ񣬹ϲҹʦˣ
ҹʦãλϼϯӣҶ국˵
ҹδ۾΢΢һУȻ󵭵صͷڴʦд衣
ȻȥҶ깰ֵʦ֣еҪȥһ¡
ȥɣٿҹʦõӢˡ
ҹδ룬ɺȽĵӽУ;
δ룬ҾҶ㡣
ǰҹδͷ
г𣿡
ҹδҡҡͷ˵ˡ
ͺãҲټʣı仰Чɣ
ǰ
ҹδҲ΢΢һüͷԴľţ֮нСɣ켸ѹ˶֣ûдﵽĥµЧ
ʦ֣ѵҪ֮ǰǰһЩսҲЩʦʦʵ
ǵûбҪս
սҹδ˼һµǻ᲻̫ţ
տʼΪټҶƶǽӸͲںЩȵǿǾǾͲΪţ̫
ҹδ죬⻹ǽķ񰡣
أܱô룡

ȷʵһ취
ɣ
ҹδص˴η壬дʮսھʮھʮȻ뿪˴η壬ʮλʦʦĶ
Ȼ󡭡
䶯ˡ
ҹδҪսʮϵĵӡ
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ϼ塣
ҶԣЦ
ҹδ뻹ǽӣ⻹ǽķҼǵףʦܵھʮɣ
ǣ
ȥ
ܿ죬ףҶĶ
ݼʦ֣
ףյҹδս
ǣ
֪Ŀİɣ
ףһµǺ
Ҷɫһѵ֪ʦ飿
֪ףΪ֪ԲŲ֪ҪζԴҹδ롣
ʲô˼Ҷüͷ
ʦ֣ʦҪץסҹδ룬ҹδΪնץž䡣ҹδһֱڵսңֲܰץɱɣֺµ˵ʦ顣
һҶҲüͷа𣿡
ȻףȻȫʢʱȻܣҲûжİջսս֮ǰսˡǸʱѾǳˡž԰ɱ
ҪɱҶ˼ҷһˣȻͱ뿪˱Ϊǵն
ãףɴͷ
ա
ĵӻս̨Χϵʿȫ룬Ҵ˵ɫʮѿ
ҹδսƲǡϵλöǧģȴ˰ȫ¶һսʮǵʲô
ǻϵľӢ
սÿһ˶í˾µھʮҲ⣬ԼȻҹδĶ֣Ҳضƴȫܶҹδ룬Բҹδʮ
ҹδĵɺ廹ûߵս̨ɫͱˡҹδȴ۾
оյĲͬ
ʱǾս̨м׵ľ룬ս̨ΧʿǣĿ˹ĿգŷŭǸȴս⡣
رЩϵʿرеرЩսʮʿ
ҹʦãս⡭ҵսǵʱǾȻûս⡣ȷʵŭǡСһЩ
һģҹδͷֳһ˿ЦݣҪġ
ҲɫصҹʦãҪֻ֪Ҫ㷢սľ䣬Ҫսʮս
ĸоԼ̫󣬾ɡ
Ȼ۵ĴƱжϣҲˣá
սҲûй
ף


423 ʤ
ҹδҲֳ˽֮ɫʱҲ϶սʮֱضƴȫԼҲҲ֪Լֵܼܲ
ռԲ侫ȴ޷ȻþΪӣ֮ȻһЩȫصĻܹ֣ʱָڵ˾Ͳġ
ףҹδ벻ٻףսĿģĿǸԼĻʹﲻĿġֻԼѹ֮£ԼŻ
ѹԽԽ
ԣס
ǰȺ׷ÿһҹδ뼸ߵս̨ǰʱս̨ѾվһˣǽҹδҪһսˡҹδһݣս̨վǸӵĶ棬˫ʩ֮ҹδû뵽ǣԷȻȳ֡
ԭҹδΪԷȡصֶΣԼԼ첻ܴʮԣԷȶҹδһķӦ죬бб̳Сɵ̳ȡֳ֮ҲǾʯһСɽҹδǰ
䡭
ʿҲʹһ̳аٵ籡û뵽Сɽ֮УСɽ˲ֳ˴ƬƬĹѡǶʿɫȴһݣȽ˼ǵģ˶ΪأҹδҲ룬Ҫ䲻⣬һǿǱܣν۷һ
һҹδ룬ҲûлᡣڽĶսУ۷ѹֻһʽһʽ
ǵģ
ڽս֮ǰΪԼҹδʵµģԼ䲻⣬ұǿܣȻɱҹδ룬Ƕܹ˵ҹδġҹδһˣˣڽսУ˾ͻᱻѸٷŴÿӭսʿҹδƽջҹδ롣
ǡ
û뵽˵˵ҹδˣҹδĽƶûйƣȻȥһǲһҲǹܴɡ
䡭
СɽͻȻмѿ
ã
ǸʿȻΪ֪СɽѿԲԵʣ仰˵ҹδѿСɽ
Ҫʲô
Сɽոѿһ϶貵Ĺâй˳ڵĴͻȻڡӲӵĹâͬһ޽ն˳
𽣾
䡭
ȫ֮ôνӵڶʽ
Է˳ȥǰһɼǵĽۣѪƮ
սʿһ
̫ˣ
ӿս˫ԳʽԷȹҹδأ˲֮ҹδ빥Էءҹδ뵲ס˶ԷĹԷȴûеҹδĹ
ˣ
ֻʽڽϣҹδֻһ
飡Ǹʿս̨֮£ɫ԰ףֳɥ֮ɫ
վս̨ϵҹδңң֣á
ಣ
ϵھʮʿԾ̨໥ʩ֮ս㿪ʼˣҹδûаʱ䡣
ⳡʿȡһʿľ飬һʼͽ˳ɵľ˷ϣԲóȻŵľս
нİļ˲ʡ
𽣾һȫȫĹûһ˿صĹѸݶﲻ˲նơҵʮǿԵȺ˲١
𽣾ͬһȫȫĹûһ˿أңŵҾپȻ𽣾ȺȴԶ𽣾
һĽҲ˵ûнǷҪԶԶڽ
ˮһֹƽĽˮȣϲ
ľһĽö֮ͬС
ֻ˲䣬ҹδ;ý𽣾
ʱԷԼҪأֻҪͺáҽҲõķأֻҪԷ㹻ѹԷûлṥ
ǿĽ𽣾ʵĴʱѵֶΡ
ϡ
ҹδһ̳һɲΪ֣ҲԾΪ֣蹬У;ںϺΪ֣ǿܡ
гһ޽ͬһս̨϶ʿ
һԷķҡҡ׹һ绹ûʧڶڽһ
ϣ
ϣ
磬ҹδĽѾǸʿʺµĽâë
䣡
ã
ھʮʿǵ̨ûзھʮѾ̨ϵһ𣬲Ż̧ͷ̨ȥ
Ľս̨ϵǸʿѾˡ
ǿ
Χսʿɫ΢΢˱仯֮ǰպͷŭһЩضһЩ
ҹδʤ̫ˣ
ѵսҲס
ϡ
ս̨ϵĽϵһʿս̨
ھʮھʮھʮ


424 
Χ۵ʿɫӶĪܹҹδ벻֮ǰӮôˣÿιҲڽͣ˵ڼӾ硣Ӯھʮ˶ʮһν
һΪҹδļӾ磬һҲΪսĶԽԽǿ
ھʮһŮӣվҹδĶ棬ֿȭ
ҹδȴû˿⣬ûоԼսĶ֡ÿֵϣûп
ΪһѵõĻᡣ
Ͼͬд裬ĸʼСս˶Լһĥ¡
ڵ֮⣬ɱѵ㻹ҪɱǰŪֵϣ
ȻͬǸʱ䣬ҹδȻϣܹŪԷϸϣֻһôСĶΪ
ǣ໥ĴʮͻȻֵʱ䡣ҪսУ̵ʱ˽֡
ڵеսʾһⷽĥ¡԰ȫĻУȥԼ̵ʱͨս˽֡
ŶԷԽǳֿȭʿԽҪûʵʿôҳֿȭ
ҹʦã룡ԷЦʾԼ˳
Ǿɣ
ҹδĴûȫĽ𽣾Ǵ̳һˮ
Ϊˮƽ⡣
һ̳ս̨ϳŨˮս̨ϵ˵ӰˡΧ۵ʿѾս̨ϵӰ
ͷˮҹδȴܹнһ񣬱һˮˮζŶԷ˹ȥ
Էˮɵһ˲䣬۾¶Цݡſһ£һ磬ɢСս̨ϵˮΧ۵ʿһˮˮ̽ףŶԷȥ
ɳԾؿս̨ϵҹδ룺ҸҹʦϰʦǷ԰
ԣ
ڶԷſһ˲䣬ҹδжϳԷǷԡ
еѲҹδ΢΢üͷһ̣Ȼ۾
ԷֻȻ䳤ͬ籣ֻ˲Ͳˮϣˮ˺÷飬һ٣εķ絶նǰ
ҹδ뵱佣ˮΪˮƽ⣬ˮԷҲֻɢһС룬ȷҹδľȷλãֻһŵķҹδ˺ܶࡣ
䡭
һСɽɣҲ¶ҹδλãһͬһһһȦȦСɽսһͬǱĶߣŻ
䡭
Сɽյñ飬ŻĵڶѾһҹδʺ
ϣ
ҹδ뽫ս̨ϣľת˫һƣˮɡ
ˮľ
ˮӭ䣬˫վԭز֮䣬˫ˮ໥˺ҧ
ǣҹδ·硣ҹδȴϻֶԷһ˫ŷŷ͡
á
ˮľİ塣
οϴ
һսˣܹˮľͻƵСɣҲ׬ˡ
˻˻˻
ˮڰ˺ܼıһ˫ˮһغˣһ˫һرƽ
ˮİ壬ˮľˮĵļʣںϡټϺͶԷսӶԷеĽҹδˮľڷɿ
ս˼һѹջҲ󣬴ʱȫѾ֮Уʤ
˻˻˻
һ˫Ѿƽ˾ҹδ벻һɣǱƽٶȿʼŻ
ֹһңһ˫Ѿƽ˾ҹδ벻һߣȴҹδ˫ַˮѾúСÿˮһߣǷ˱仯
˵֮ǰˮˮȴˮ
һ߳ˮϣǹ⻪һƬǿʼۣȻǲ̫ѾԼɼ
˫ȭգҹʦҪͻˡ
ҲĿƵͷ
һߣҶȴЦˣףʦܣҹδ̫ˣһ˵һͰˡϧˣֲˡ
ףֳһ˿壺صͻƣʤ
ҶɫϣֵܹսҪĳŵ
ģף˵ںҶϣҲûлˡ
˻˻˻
ս̨ϵʦÿʼҹδģҲġ֣ҹδܲûм˵ҹδ;Զ

ҹδΪԭûͺñȹӾô֣ųˮҲôࡣˮˮʦöడԷźܶʱ䣬ʦȴһ㣬ʱѾʼ䡣


425 ף
ž
ͻȻⲻģǱҹδˮġ
һ̣ˮϵȫˮľͻƵСɣܱ
ϣ
ҹδ˲ս̨ϵĳ
ϡ
һն

Լһ𣬱һˮ潣ۣѾ롣
ˮľСɣ߶ˮˮѾش֮ƣδɣԡ
䡭
ʦȻջأǰˮҪһܡǱϾ֮ǰʧȥƣʱôһ˿ܻδγɣˮײڷ֮ϡ
ʱ䣬Ѿ۾ųɵķ飬Уε˳ȥڰУ㿴ҹδһһˮХ
䣡һֱ򾲵ʦֳ֮ɫ
ҹδ뽣һˮȻףſзȥ̶Ϊɢڸ߿֮С
лʦҹδ빰Ϊ
ҹδ뻹ã
ʦתս̨ҹδ뻺غһڲһԼȥܣڵȴѾһ룬֡
ಡ
һӰݶϣҹδĶ档ҹδһݣ֪ǵϼףλھʮ
֪ף͵ûйϵ
ҹʦã룡ףͲҹδ˿Ļᣬϵһγ
ףʦ֣룡
ף̬ƣҹδѾԷض͵ŹϵҾ˸ղŵѾ֪ϵĵӣÿһ򵥡
ԼҪСˣ
ϡ
ҹδγһ˲䣬ףѾ˹ʮңͬ籩һ㡣ף˼ȷһʼҪҹδѹԼȫʵҹδȫԸ˾ͻٵҹδӦʣ
ԣ
ֿ籩֮ƺҹδƴģҹδضƴԼ
ҹδʱΧ۵ʿȫơ
ȷʵȫƣȴǱҹδȡơףһȫɱ󿪴ϵĽ֮бףļƻҪܿԼ;ԶԼѾսĺܴơǣͬʱҲ֪Լ˵һѵõ


ףȫöҹδȫءҪ֪ľеľнеصڷϡ
Ȼף˺ǿĽܸܿɵҹδ롣
ҹδȴᣬһ·սΪĲѰͻ
䡭
һȫһȫأսʮּҡ
ҹδʱȫľľڣ⡣ľͻƣضڼ̵ʱڸͻơŵˮľˡ
ҶǷЦݣҹδǱزòȡȫأָǿȵĶսò˶ãҹδľͻףǸʱͻ᲻һ
ХüͷϾǵģʦ֣ҹʦúΣհ
üͷս̨ϵЩԥӦðҹʦ֮ǰĴ󣬵ҲԲûл֮Ӧôġѵǡ
ѵʲôХʵ
ҹʦӦΪ˽ʡɡ˼ŵҹʦ֮ǰѾ߳ʣ¶ˡףԹڶʱڻʤĻضʧܡŲȡȫ֮ơ
ХĿһ˵ҹʦںףƴģ
ţҪȷĴ󣬵ǷȴΣգΪûһֱסģ΢һͻܡ
ǡХҹʦƴӮˣҲûһ˰ɣ
ǿ϶ǣƶͷ
ԣҹʦòƴġһԵĵɿڵ
Χʿ㶼˶䣬üëһʦֵ˼ǣ
ܴܲʮҹʦøںҹʦÿصǻ򣬻ͻơԣΪҹʦڰףľ
忴һս̨ϵɱֳ˻Ȼ֮ɫĻһҹʦʤΣûʵսȥˡ
Ҳͷףҹʦõ̫ˡ
ϧˣ̾Ϣһ
̸Ѹٵش˳ȥÿɫ˱仯ʿжҹδպͷŭ˺ܶ࣬˺ܶ塣
ںʤֻں
ұʿ
Ҷ˫΢΢Ҳ˵ɵĵ濴һòϵ˵öԣвɷһ˿ɥ
˻ϸʿ֮۹Ĳ


426 ͻ
ҶĿζ

ҹδ벻ǱķأķأѾսܹ߳ʣ¶
ģ
οսҪĸľĵĳ̶ȿĵһźʦսʱ򣬻ͻơʶڵľѾʣ޼ﻹģ
Ǳҹδ䶨ˣҲ϶ˡ
ʵϣҶûҹδľĵ÷ǳ֮ǰʦõս򣬱ʶڵľʣ²ɡ
;һʣ²ɣѾһʿΣյıԵ
ʱʿͷŵĵܱ㿪ʼĽͣҪߣʧȥ˻ᡣԣʿһɣԼ߾ʣ²ɣһӽٽ㣬ϳ롣
ҹδȻ᳷룬ȱռ˼ҺͿˡһֱ˵ñ־ųɵˮ׼ˮ׼ܹһֱ۷״̬
ľûа취ˣڲȡƣҪȽףϲ١
䡭
ףΧҹδҹδȴβֻǽŲ΢㵲סеĽ
ò˵ףȻֻλʦø߳һΣʵȴʦø߳١ҹδܴѹҲѹҹδڷɿľԭͺˮľһٽСɵıԵףѹŴ˽Ӻˮɵͻˡ
ǣҹδȴɱŷ̬ʼתƵϡ
ˡ
ҹδɫ𶯣һֳ֮СȻҺܿ죬ȴָһŵĲǽһɽĸо
ֱֺľף
ʱףһԴ޴¿ڵĸо
ǸǶȽһɽǰ̽˸ı˼νǶȣ󲻵ò
Ψǿ
ֱҹδķأķء
Ĺҹδķأҹδ;ĵʣ²ɵʱҹδͷŵĵܾͻήͣǸʱƷʱ
ǡ
ʱȴȻ赲Ĳһɽ壬һɽ
ͻˣ
ХȻһȭͷɺҲȻͷųõЦݡΧ۵ʿһȻ
ǿҹδΪ̫ˣҲֵˡ
ս˰˳ˮԷֱõͻƣֵ̫ˣ
䡭
Ҷ㵻ϵʱ򣬱ҹδͷųɽͬһһ㣬Ȼһ˦βͣɽһ˾˦ףϡ
սҹδһιͻƵ˲䣬Ҷֲ˱˦˳ȥлܹͷѵһˤս̨£˹ȥ
Χ۵ʿһҹδϸʵʿսʼ񣬻δ¹֣Էûȥףڵϣ嶼һŤһǹͷ˲١
ȻҲǷˡ
ಡ
һӰս̨ھʮһĹ塣ҹδ
Ϣһ£ҵ㡣
ҹδ֪һԼֻʣĳɶһ漴ҡҡͷˮľľͻƵСɣˮޱƽɣϵκһˣҲԼ̫
Ǹ⡣
ҹδϢָͻƺʵضԷѹҡͷ
лʦ֣ˣ
ǸʿɫһȻؿ㣬ҹδܾǿԼٲ֣һ־۷幥
ҹδʱȴˮͷš
ǿˮƽ⡣
ǣֽһͬ㣬ǶйأֽתࡣˣոջͻƵҹδ룬תʱҲɬʱƣֽתԽԽˮ
ˣܾ˳ռϷ磬ջ˶Է

ҹδ볤³һһսȻûͻƣˮתȴﵽһĳ̶ȡ
ڵֻʣ壬ҹδɼսյһս
һսҹδӮʮּ࣬ˮǿʹܱսĹУżѹջʤأѹ£ʹˮľˮľֶ
ҹδɫ԰׵ս̨Ų΢СġǴʱȴûһЦҹδ룬ÿҹδĿⶼòͬ
Ľмʣ𾴣вսⰻȻ
Ƕû֮ǰպͷŭ
ʵҹδʵѾõ˾ʿĳϡ


427 
ҹʦãɼ˿ٵӮû¶ɣ
û£ҹδЦһ£ɫӵĲ԰ףһ˫۾ȴǺҪȥչء
۾һ֪ҹδ뻹Щû֮󣬿ʵо
ߣ
˻ҹδص˽Ĵη壬ҹδľ֮㿪ʼչأɶ
壬ҲץʱոСذɣʱҹʦøˡ
ȴҡҡͷҵΪ˻ˡ˻ΪҲûʲôˡҲ˵ҿһȥĥһ¡
ҲᵥɣȥҡҡͷҲȥ
ҹδչ졣
ʱ䣬˻һ˿򣬲֮ǰǰͷһûС
֮ǰȻ֪˻ǰԼ֮乵ͨý飬γΪý飬ȴû˿ͷ
ͻƵСɾˮȴһ˿
ˮ˻ĵ;ϣһСȻ漰Ϊȴļԡ
ļԵЧʲô
ǱܹԷͷŵУҲԼϰС
ԼϰУľн
ױͷŵУҵֵ
ĵһκ䶯ˡ
ΪҹδһսˣһһʮսҹδԼһս͵ÿһֵĶ
ϵڰʮʮ
ЩԾԭΪʮŵʮĵӣʵǿҹδıʺܴ󡣵ǽҹδɴʮҹ̻ҪһδʮһЩ
ÿʿжϵĵӱˣҹδչ֮󣬱øǿˡ
ʮսջһս
һսҹδ뽫ˮľľͻƵСɣˮƽɡһʮȴֻҹδ뽫ľͻƵСɣý𽣾ƽ˴ɡ
ҹδչ죬ڳ֮󣬱ʮսӵʮսʮʮͬʱľľСɣľʼƽɡ
ֱչ֮ҹδٴδʮӵʮ˵ʮͬʱ˻ľﵽСɾ磬𽣾ʼƽɡ
ˣҹδľﵽСɾ磬ֽҲڱƽɡ
Ǿʼø;
ľС֮ľʱ޿̵ش;;ŸӾķ
һжҹδʵõ˷ɿȻսԽԽߣȴѹԽԽС
ҹδսԼͻƵ̶ȣҪͻƱü˺ܶࡣԵĶԽԽǿҲÿս֮󣬶òչؼգܹȫսջÿһζջ򣬶ȻС
ӵʮսʼľתнתȻûеתȴԽԽתսһ
һա
ҹδս̨ϵĶϵڶʮһơվڶҹδ룬ǲɷһ˿ɬ
ҹʦã뵽׷һ죬ȴû뵽һ˿졣
ҹδ빰Ϊ񣺡ʦָ㡣
΢΢ҡͷָˣһȫһ룡
룡
գưˣҹδֹЮʤƣ˵ڶʮȻ뿪ս̨˽η塣
۷׷ס
֪ҹδһս죬Ҫȶã
Ҳɡ
û뵽ҹʦһ·սδһܣǲ˵սΣͳһˣ
δأ幻ǿɣҲʦֵĽ£
ˣûжõһҲǵˡʷ˭һ꣬ͳ˹
ǰ
ҹδȥķгĽԱߵһʿ
ʦãҼǵҹʦһİɣ
ǰӣһķʦƺҲԸߴķʦ֮·
˵һڣ
ţ˵ͻƲá
ôģ
塣
ηľݡ
ҹδϥаļʣеļԽԽе˵ԽתͻԽԽͬʱаҲŸΪ
ԲǸģȫģ֮ϵģ˵ĹģǶͳһĴڡ
ҹδû뵽һαչԭֻҪһתȴû뵽϶һ⡣ڴͬʱܹ֪ԼľнһԾʽ


428 Ҷ
˵֮ǰҹδľнֻޱƽɾ磬ȴѾſڣٽ㡣
ʱܹͻơ
ҹδ֪ʱܹͻƣһȴ˵ͻῨס֪ꡣ
Լ̰Сһɣһ
ҹδˣٴοʼս
һսǴӵʮսʮҹδûгҵԤϣʮǳԤϵǣҹδƺûеôѡ
ˣҹδֱǿˣ
˲ðôоҹʦÿڽ
ûʲôֵģܹսÿһսӮĻҲضÿڽ

ҹʦѾγһƣڣʵܹ෢һֻᱻѹһһһռ˲ƵơĶֲǱ̫߳ĻҪʤˡ
һͻսھһϵǰʮһʵǿҹʦҪ򴩣̫˰ɣ
Ҳò̫ܡ
ʱ򿴰ɣ
ܹ򴩣ֳһ档
˵ϼĵʦȥ壬Ҫץҹʦá
Ϊʲô
ҹʦǸžá
ʲôʱǣˣžҹʦãžž䣬ҹʦҹʦãΪžץҹδ룬ȫ޵
ֲõϼףô񣬶ҲҹδΨһһеĶ֡
ҹδڵʵƱѾõƽ̵ĹעʦҪץҹʦãǺǡ
ҹδҪȥ磬ʦ塭
һ鷳Ͼʦ˶ӡ
ǵһ˻ǡ
պ
ηľڣϥҹδſڷһХХʯ壬˽֮
塣
ŴηһۣϲɫʯĽ֮ϣܹҹδĽľӦôˡ
⺢ӵ츳̫ǿˣ
Ŀŵ֮ȥ·͸˵Ĵ
ʦְ£Ӧûˡϣûҵž䣬ҹδĳͽˡ

ǿӵĶӸġ
ҹʦսˣ
Ϣͬδһ㴫ۿĿɲǵˣĳҲˡ
Ҫ֪ܹΪ峤ϣΪҲ˻ǰʮսѾ㹻ǵעˡ
ս̨
ҹδĵھİԶİһǺҹδһҲͬһû뵽ҹδô̵ʱڣսǰ
˸˽ҹδ룬֪ҹδڵܡԼı¸˺ҹδ롣ҹδȻŵʹôڵܣԼһвҹδҹδضͷŴڵܱԼֻˣҹδͲò䡣ԣİ˺ҹδ룬սһʼҵؽҪȵףңЩҡ
ΪҹδҲһĥµĶҲҹδѹµõͻƣͻ˻һ˿
ҹδľͽֻнľ߶𽣾ͶİɵĽľ߶ٴɵĽ𽣾һʼѹ˶İ̶Ӻ󣬱˶İǶİȴžϲҴҹδ빰Ϊ񣬱ԼĶӶȥ
ǡˣ
ҹδ㶵ؿŶİȥıӰвһ࣬Լûɶ򣬱˵ˣԼ˱˵ĥʯ
һսһսܿ˵ս
ҹδ˫΢΢վڶҶ
ҶҲ΢΢˫Ŀҹδ룬û뵽ҹδɳ˿죬δˡ
ԭΪף㹻ҹδ룬Ǳϵȴף
ż죬ҹδѾսԼǰ
˽еĳԼ㹻ġ
ʱ̣䳾һˡ֪Ǹʱһʲô
˴
Ǻǡ
ϣͬʱ˱㶼γ˳
룡
룡
һ֣ҹδͶҶһΣҶûףǰ㣬ͷĽԼǹ꣬ѰҹδҹδţֻҪԼ΢¶һ˿ͻӭҶѰĹ
ʵֶ֣ѵӦͬǹƽ⣬תڷز¶ĹУȥѰҶԷ
սضһḶ́ʣȴĳʱ̣ͻȻ
ǣҹδûѡַʽ
ڽľѾɣսĿľý𽣾ɡ
ǣ𽣾ȴȫأҶֶʮΣգܹһֱѹƶ֣¶һ˿


429 ն
ϡ
ս̨֮ϣݺᣬҶѾҹδȫѹơǱѹƵҶȴɫûа˿šһǱĶߣʱȴҧҹδһڡ
ڵȴţȴҹδ¶
ţǿֶΣûֽķ¶
ҹʦˣХЩŵ˵
ǣüͷӦҪ𽣾ͻƵɡ
ǰɵͷֻЩðպͼˡҹʦսľɣϣͻƽ𽣾ġֻǶֺǿһսͻƣߡܡ
һ
ս̨ϾǽХ֮˵ĽݺᣬֻҶĽҹδĽѹơҶĽȴȶܣͬһɣʱڷ
͡
Ҷˣ׽һ˿ҹδһۣѪȾߵ
ϡ
ҹδƲڽһиſռ䣬ҶҶĻʿռ伷ѹԽԽС
ÿһ֮·Ҫռи롣Ľս̨һۣвϵسһߣǿиڳ
͡
Ҷһҹδһۡ
Ȼ·һ˿˿ҹδӰһʱ֮Щʧ
ҹδȻٶûһ˿仯ɳبŲ䣬ɫûһ˿仯·еĲ塣а
־Σﰡ˳һɹĻᣬǲݡ
ҹʦΣˣüͷ
˷׷׵ͷҹδ˲أ˽սңҹδҲûƵĻᡣѪϵƱػӰҹδս
ҹδս̨ӶӰ
ã
ҹδû˶ȣɱԭеٶȺ˾Ϳ
üëͻȻһҶͻϮҹδҲûиۡȻҵҹδһ˿΢С˵ҹδ롣תɹתҲûиҶڷصøӼˣѾտʼǰݡ
ھͿҹδս½Ҷסˡ
ҹδһ𽣾ͻƣҶڻ¡
ϡ
һһһǿһˣסλҶڸоЩˡȻԼưס˻ᣬ˵ҹδ롣Ǹҹδ˺̫ˣԼȴΪתɹתأʧ⡣Ҫ֪νɶҹδǿѹ£ҹδ뻹ûΪ˺һ˿ٶȣûһ˿ˡ
׽ҹδһ˿Ʊػȫȫ£Ƿصļ벹أ̸ף
Ҷķؿʼһ˿ңȻֻһ˿֪ҹδѹƣԼûвȫһ˿ҵĻᣬһ˿һ᲻ϵ󣬳ΪԼΣ
ϡ
ϵ۲ϵѪҹδȴֽͬһ㣬ߵʹľ߶𽣾ͬһ㣬϶ܼشҶ
أҶоԼԵĲһˣһֽ
ۡ
ҶΣͷǿһ۴Ӽϵ䡣˲Լƣż󺰣
䣡
ϣ
ҹδսֳʧźĽӡ

ҶڴڴŴδε亹Ӷͷϵ䣬ҹδеʧźЦ
źûɱ𣿡
ҹδҡҡͷǣźûи㹻ѹһͻơ
ۣ
ҶſһѪ裬ƫƫ˵ʲôҹδ˵ʵͷҲص̨ŵϼ屼Ӷȥ
ҹδߵ˼£ֹסѪһս̨
ҹʦãǵдӺɣ
ҹδĿ£һ޳Ůӣȴһ˸߹ԴĴꪡһ̲ž޴С
ҹδǸŮӹֵʦָ㡣
飡
Ӣγ˴ꪣڵһ壬ξͱս̨֮ϡһɴˣҹδ˵ҪӺǾͲҪ
룡
룡
վһνһ糤һǿһһա
ꪺͳײ濪ʼЩˡ
Ӣ˼غϣҹδѾжϣԼȫʢʱԼҪôң˵ɡ
˵ҹδ;Ǳ˵ҲӢһټڽľɣ𽣾ƽɣͷŵҲӢĶ֡


430 ͻ
ҹδǰѾս峡ʱڵѾĳңʣҡҲͱڵӢ΢߳һɵģתɿѹӢϾнǶĹƫƫҪ𽣾ͻƵɣʼնʹý𽣾ȫĽ;ļ
ؼӢԸҲһŮкܣһ˴ʮֺҲһȫ·ӡ
ȫȫܲ
ҲҹδĿǰ״̬ҪӢǿһеңͱɲ쳣ˡ
ǣִĺÿ˵ˬ죬ǿҲѪڡ

˫Ǵ󿪴ϣʶƼ
Ӣ绢
ҹδ뽣ݺᣬ岼
˽ʱҹδڻӢʣ˲ɡ
Ես̨ʿϵĵҹδһ֪һҪսˡԼѾռˡ
Ȼսһʼ˾һƾеĳ档ôೡԷѾҹδĽ𽣾ŽΪϸ˽⣬ӦࡣҴҲЩЩҹδ˼˺ۡ
ҹδ˫ȴ˷Էҵ˽𽣾Ҳ𽣾֮ûпԼ𽣾֪ͻƣʱȴǶԷԼҵ˷
ҹδԽԽ٣ԷüͷʼҲҹδҹδ˼ۡ
ƿʼбҹδԽսԽ£𽣾ԽԽǿ
ڵҹδͬһĤУһĤ飬󺣡
Ҫͻˣ¶˷֮ɫ
ҲͷڵҹδͷԽԽǿͿҪﵽ㣬һٽ㣬һɣͻ̡֮
ۣ
ӢҼðһѪֶɡ
ϧˣ̾ϢһӢܵ˵塣
ţ
ҹʦܲͻƽ𽣾Ϳˡ
ͷҲҹʦõѹͻưģұضȫԸ
ͺãɵͷҪ֡Ҳҹʦãû¡
Цʦ֣Ҫǲ̫ˣ
Ȼٲս̨ȥһݣս̨Цʵ
ҹʦãս񣿡
ܣ
ҹδеܣѾҪﵽͻƵٽˣӢˣ޲һǿĶ֣ҪϣƾҪ𽣾Ƶ۷ٽ㣬֪᲻лᡣ
ԼҴʦ֣ҹδҲûɶģؼƱܣȥйˣӦһ֮󣬾幥˳ȥ
룡
һеļɵһᵽ۷塣
濴һ¶ӭҹδһ¶ѹоڵꡣ
ҹδһͬɽ緢һ㣬嶼Ӳһһ֮ȴҹδʱѳɣЮʤĴƣһ͹һһһȫ̬ƣս̨϶·ҹδ硣
˻
һ˫ԣѹԾ˷ܡҪѹһٽͻǰѹ²ٶеĽ𵴳ǧٽ⣬ҹδ档
ϡ
ǽĴʦ֣֮ǰһս̨ϵİ˳ɶҹδĽ硣Ǵ˿ȴһɣҹδĴʣ߳ɣһήС
ս̨֮£ۼŴĽӡʱǵкܸӣʦһֱеżгݵĽšҹδһ·սҲΪеż񣬽Ľš
˵棬һʱ֮ǲ֪˭
ǣЩӺܿ͹˲ЩˣΪǶ˵Ľ֮С
ǽޣ޵ǵܴ
ϡ
һսʱܳѾ˰ʱͻȻ峤ҹδĹս̨ȥ˵ϣϯض˫ȴ̣۾ҹδս̨֮ϡ
ҹδΣǰԼ۷ٽ㣬ȻԼ²ˡ

״̬Ҫͻ˰ɣ
һҹδЦãԼͻƵģҵͻƵ
ս̨µĵҲǿЦãеϲûǶһЩ˭ͻƣⶼǽͻơͻƣǿǳΪ˻ʿҪһͻƻ硣
״̬һ۾һ
Ҳ˻֮ǰܾˣֻһţһֱòҹδѹµõԼأ
Ȳˣ


431 һͻ
ವһս̨֮ϡ
ս̨֮ϵҹδҲȲˣǹɻ۵ĴƣѾŻͷƣȲ˶һۣ˱˴˵⣬кһŶԷȥ
ȫǼǶҪִͻơ
䡭
ս˲һεĽ棬ҹδѾ΢·硣ΪʣѾ꣬ҹδȴȫȻˣȫǿǴһ̧ͷ𽣾һͻƵơ
ǣͷŵƽص䣬ԽԽϵ˺ۿʼࡣ
ȴźܵѹҪҹδСĶ࣬޷ѰҵͻƵǾֻڿ֮УѰĹƸֻͣҹδ벻Ҫ̫ܵ죬һ˿ᡣ
䡭
ҹδĽһѹƣݺĽ·˩סͷ

Х֮Ȼ۳һĺѹµĽȻͬ䣬ա
𽣾ɣ
䡭
ɵĽľ߶ɵĽ𽣾˲ȥƣѹ꣬겻ϲ
ǻᣡ
׷ſֽţ󿪴ϣȫҹδѾ⣬ںҹδͻƣʧܣ
͡
Ͽʼһۣһӵʱ䣬ԡѪ·оʹĽƸӵҡ
ã
Χ۵ʿȻ˫Ŀһţǿ̳ĳͻȻͣ˰У˶ľһͣҹδĳȴͬһȥ
ˣ
ҹδɫ䣬֪ΪʲôͻȻˣǴʱѾսˡ
ۡ
ҹδڱѪǿջؽƣڸˣǽȴ̳Ȼ˺ܶࡣ
ž
һӰս̨֮ϣָסҹδĽ⡣
飡
ҹδս̨֮ϣŲһ£һѪеɫȴǷս̨֮ϵƽ̷ʱС
ʱȡһŵҩҹδȻҪģͻơϽˡ
ҹδͷϥս̨֮ϣ˹ˡ
ʱս̨ΧȴһƬ
⡭ʦҲҪͻˣ
ǰʦ֣ʦ֡
ҹδһ·սΪͻƣû뵽ȴȺʦֺʦͻˣЦˡ
ҹʦҲͻ˰
ҲǣԴϲ
ʦְ˰ɣǲҹʦõһ
ǵȻʹҹʦûʤʦͻƣ˻ˣԶҹʦҲһ
ҹʦüһɣһˣ
ûȣûȣ
˵ҹʦû᲻˻ˣ
˵

ֶս̨֮ϵƽ̷ʱԽҹδԽϲ
ԭΪõһţʮĴڣԤδҲһȴû뵽ҹδ뻹һš
ʮϸڵ̫ͻ콾Уȴھ콾Сڵϸ٣磬ϸࡣ
ǣܹľ̶ȵϸ˿ɾͲˣڵھ콾ˡ磬˼
֪˻С
ǲҪˣҹδ뻹һڰݼһ𣬱Ҳھ콾ˡ
Ҫ£һˣ
ʱ˽ƽ̣ȴǵʿڵʿʱб뷨ҹδڡ
ˡ
ͻȻ͵ϻ۶ͷϽسһʼܵŨ
ͻˣ
ʱϾһϲÿһʿ˵һʵ
ͻƣĵϣս̨ϵǳٶȻ˼һӵʱ䣬ͷϱҲسһ
ͻˣ
Ҳͻˣ
˲˻ʿʱе϶Ц˻
ͬʱĻս̨ϵҹδ롣
ͻ˻ʿ۶ĵϣҹδַǳĽ˾ͱ˶֮С
ʱֳʿһϥ˻
ĶǻԹǴս׽
ҹδϵؿʼľ
ʱȽͻƣ۾Ŀս̨ȥɫһ㡣
Ҳͻˣ
ȻԼܹҹδѹͻƣΪʲôܣ
ǳҹʦõ飡
ţ
ҹδ롣
Ҳ
ϲ
ɵһЩʿ˹ͻƶЩʿûжٰҲûнȥ


432 
ллųõЦݣֿһս̨ϵҹδ룬תͷԵɵ
ͻ˻ѾʺϵĴʦˣҹʦõʲá
ɵͷʵǽĴʦ㣬ֻǲ֪ԸԸ⵱
ô᲻Ը⣿һ㣬ʿҲһ㣬ô˲Ը⵱ʦ㣿
ɿЦˣҹʦûһڡ
һ㣬ҲԿЦ
ÿһĴʦֻߴʦ㣬ضһʵǿġ壬ȻǷǿĵӣܹδʦ֣ߴʦ㡣
ʲô
Ȼǽ
ҹδĽȻ̫ʸνĴʦˡҹδķȽߡ
ˣ
ؼҹδĸΪ
ԽΪҹδȻԸⵣδʦ㣬ԷΪǾͲ˵ˡ
ֹ˰ʱս̨ϵҲͻƣվս̨ϵķʱʩ
ܺãʱļЦݡ
ˡ
ʱеĻ䣬ҪɢĵҹδӵȥʱתͷһۣЦͷ
δĻľˡ
һʿҲ۾ս̨ϵҹδ룬Ľ
ҹδüֳϲáȻ뵽ÿλзͻƣضԼڹͨصһ㣬û뵽ͻƽ𽣾ͻľһӰΪͨصýôࡣŶ涼˺ܶࡣ
δ룬ʱкЦ
ǣҹδ벻֪ʱнʲôʲôǹԹԸŷʱȥ
ս̨µĵɫһ䣬ߣ
һЩĵӸ˵ɵߣߵüѹʵ
ʦ֣ʲô¶
ҡҡͷû
˽壬ڽӷ׷ȥֻʣµɺŷĶȥȥĶ嵹ûͻƵ˻ȻҪϲѶ֪
ɽ뵥Ķ·һֱ˵ĶڣȻĬĬվ
֪Ӧڱչ򷽲žӦóս̨ǱߣԸ׵ΪԼѾſڣܹ֪
Ȼ洫ɡ
ƿ˽ȥĿϣ¶Цݣ
ããͻˡ
ҲǲõЦݣʩлƽʱָ㡣
弸䣬һЩոͻƣЩԻ⣬Ȼɵ
ôˣһء
Ҳ˵ɣɵףҹʦѾľ𽣾ͻľ˴ɡ
Ŷ۾һһǿδ밡˵ͻƵ˻
ʦ֮ܺ˻ľȻƽ̴ˡ
ƽ̶
ʱվǰҹδѾ֪ɣ
ǣҹδЩԻ󣬵ǵͷ
˽٣
ҹδһҡͷ̫˽⡣
˵˵ɡ
лƽ̡
ҹδؾص£ƽ̷ʱи飬ƽ̣Ϊ˽Ҫȵ˲٣ҲҹδҪʱٽһԭ򡣵ʱн֮󣬿ҹδ
ʣҹܹͻ˻ȥ飬֮Ƽڡ
ڣ
ҹδɫһҲһģ˽⡣
ǿš
ǿţڵͳ˧ǵֿߣ˵ꡣ
ǣȴȣھѧǳ
磬ǿİ˴еһ
˵ںŶгġڿڶ֮бض裬˵ѵгһգһҪ軹ȥ
˵Ҳضһ֣Ҳضܼڡ
˵ʵΪֹڻܹڣûбڳ׸ˣҹδ붼ʮǴǻ֮ˣһ㡣
ԼǳȻĴУĴл˼ӹϣԼڵһѵѡȻڶʧǳδؾûصһЩ伮
ǳ˹ԭ֮⣬ȴһõѡ
룬֪һһʮΣյľ档
Ϊᱻڻҡ
ΪǿԼ콾ڲԼɳû˻ҪٳһӦԣڵʷϣһ˺ܶûгɳ콾
ҹδ¶ԥ֮ɫǸƽ̣һҪ롣Ҿʱ仹硣


433 Ȱ˵
Ҳǣʱеͷ㻹нʱ⣬롣֮ƼȥڣΪҾڡ
ҹδһڵķʱУõ˽ƽλãҲ֪ڵôģ
˵ʲô飿
ͷʱи֮ҹδص˽塣ԼϲһѶ񽣣ȡĶһ£㷴ŽĶȥ
֮ͨ󣬽붴ɺҲڡ
ݼ
ɡֳеЦݡ
λʦ֡
ҹδŵɺʩ֮˵塣
ĽһһֱƢֱʵƽ̿Ƽڣ
ǣҹδͷ
Ӧˣ
û˵ҪǡҹδʵڲѡҪ֮󣬲ܹ
һҲƼڣǾһУڣͻãͻˣ»˶á
ҹδаȻˣʵΪʲô
ҡҡͷҲܹ뵽ڲٴ𣬶ڵȻʧȥӦʵ
һ£ڱڣڿɲСèСͳ˧ǿţһţڱȵ˳̶ȣûУ᲻гһձ
֪˵ʲô
ڰֵڲûгڵ뷨ǲʵϻһܾ˵ľ棬ƴһڻ޴󡣰ضڵʿߣǱڵĵ̣֪˶ܻغͱشСЩǱˣΪһƣڱ
нڱȵǱߡ
ϣǰ嶼ܳʧ̫Ļᣬ˵Ĵþͻɥʧʧ磬ٴι˽磬ӶͿ̿
ԣڵĴĥڣڽشӳűһţٱɶǧҲȻ̭ˣǻڣҲˡ
˭֪Ȼÿһ콾ûгɳ
˵һҹδ룬ÿһȴǴǻ۴֮ˣ֮䣬ӲǽһֱһŵС
˵ǲһУ
Ƿ˼ǣ
ûʲô˼ֵҵȻϣ뽣ڡڶţҲǰ˴һ֮ڶҲǿġһжҪ֮ԼȥܣԼȥѡֻǲϣڣǷ뽣ڣȴǿΪһҿõĵӣҶҲжҲǸУûɳ֮ǰˡ
лӲ¾ġ
ͺã
˼䣬ҹδǣɺҲһǣ߳˵ĶҹδͻȻһ
ʦ֣Ҹʱ䣬дһ
ãͷȶһ¾硣
ãҹδͷӦǡ
岢ûоԼ˻ˣͱҹδǿǿҹδս֪ҹδ;ʮǿ󣬾Աǿҹδÿεһսѹ֣֮ŻΪ;Ķҹδд裬ضȫʢ֮սû̫İսʤҹδ롣ϾֻǸոͻ˻磬ǺϤԲҪա
ҹ
ҹδϥԼĴϣ˼δļƻ
ĿǰΪֹûд类ץϢץ˴磬ԲϢ»֪Լ͵塣ϾԼžãϾ嵱ܾ˵԰һ£ƽ
ҹδһͬʱҲصøһЩټֲµʱ䣬ͻˡ
ͬʱԼҲڵ£ܳһ
ţ
뵽˺㣬ϽʿѾܾˣȴһֱûȥֻҪԼսӽԼԼ
ǱĿӽԼġ
˵ʥŮ˹Ƴ棬ڵĹƳܾûзӦˡҲˡ
ô
ҹδĿһ⺫Լģ׽ԼĿĿ¾һԼץȻ󴫳Ϣȴ
ţ
ҹδһ
˵᲻诸ץߵģ
ᣡ
诸ץߵģΪʲôûзųϢȴ
课ôģ
徿˭ץߵģ
ҹδյҡҡͷʱ벻ŵһߣջ˼


434 ս˻
ʱ䣬ѾʼĵĲ㣬ÿ춼ṹٸзҪγһαûʮзܳɹ
ⲻҹδ̾ͻƷĲס
ʦ²ֻҪͻƵھ磬ͿԽϸ̶壬ﵽϸ硣
Ԫ磬ԪԴﵽꡣ
ϸɣԪֻӶ꣬ɻꡣͻƵڣԪﵽ˰ꡣ
˰ԪƺܾãǶ˵ȴͬ׾Թ϶
ҹδռ䣬ռڲϵģ⹹α졣ռڵʱǾֹġ
Ǳأ
Ҫķʱ䣬ҹδЩ콾һʿҪһȥȥԣżһ£ռĵʱ任ʵʱ䣬µʮࡣ
⻹Ϊռ䱻ҹδ벻ͣݻһݻḶ́ҹδȻø졣ǱûУҹδ뿴ֻҪǶ֣Ҫαİûаʱ⣬ǳھ˵аʱ⣬Ҳż
˾콾˴ӷʦһ·ڣķѶ£
¾ԪͻƵģ˻ʣ¶Ԫ
ҹδ̾ΪĲס
ҹδռ䣬ҪĲ㹹αҲûʱ⡣⻹ֻһ㣬أ
ҹδ벻߷ʿǰ㣬ճأαÿ컨һЩʱ䣬ٸзͺãҲʹԼʱ䣬ͿԽĲ㹹ϡʱ䣬ǻ
Ѿľ𽣾ͻľ˴ɡһǽ𽣾򵽴ɡ
ԼڣǱ뿪
Լרһǹαһа
Ȱɣ
ʦֳء
ˣ
˻
ʦڲ˻ϣǵʦӦ˻ϣ֪ʦ˻Ƕ٣
ҹδҵдǿͷǰ
ɾԲͨ˻˻ϵζʵˣȥ磬Щ꣬սӦźܴ
ȵʦֳذɡ
ҹδ뿪ʼɽˣÿ˹̶ǳ֮⣬ǹαľľһþ޴Ĺϣ뵽֮УŹչص¸УȻɢڵϵУչһÿľľļʣҹδ϶һɵĹâ
ҹδ˫ۣϵɢȥĿУӰ뵽һϲδӹƮӭˣ
ʦ֣ʦ֣
ʱΪͻƶֳķѾ˲٣ҹδЦ
ȶĲˣȶõİ취սҿǰͻ˻ĵһս㣬ɲҪʧ
ضΪҹδϲߣȥɽ
һ˱˴ηɽһ˼ɽڣɱ˫翿ұϣɽȵ룬ҹδԳֽ
룡
룡
໥ʩԹ
ȫĶԹ
˻ãԼ˻ˣҪأǾ̫ˡҹδǻ𽣾ȻҲȫ
˴üֱײ򣬱ǵһԿöΪ񫣬ҲЩĿࡣû뵽ҹδ뾹Ȼܹôá
ǸոͻƣҲ˻ҹδֻϸ
ҹʦõ;̫ǿˣ
ҹδ뻹·磬Ϊ;ҹδǿ󣬷ǻҹδ롣
˻չѨϺʶԲܹʿ;˻ֻǻ;øӾ
ǣʿһ˻֮󣬾ʹһͨʿý֮С
Ҳ˵Ϊ壬ɱһý飬һͨصý顣
ҲǴ翪ʼſʼСΡ
νش棬С档
ֻԾΪСΣźʹΪϣܹΪͨصý顣
ȻҲֻǸոţҪΪС棬ҪԼﵽػ컨۶
ǣΪ˹ͨصý֮һԶ׼ĺôǣͨظΪ˳ˣΪˡ
ҹδ·ԭ
ҹδͷŵĵܲ壬ٶȴ·磬Ϊ廹ûԾСΣͨأȡ֮ٶϸǰμģǺ˻ˡȻ΢С΢СĲۻǾ޴ѹˡ


435 ս
ÿνȡ֮ٶȶҹδ΢Сһ˿һۻһ˿˿ٶƵٶϵĲԽԽˡ
ƫƫҹδ뻹һֱͷŻ𽣾ýľ߶𽣾ʵŻĿܵģҿԺܴ
;Զʤ壬𽣾ƷҲڶԷĵȻٶһȴӲԶԷΪ𽣾һֱûľ߶𽣾ɵĻ𽣾ʮǿ󣬵ǻδɵĻ𽣾˲١һ𽣾ʺȺԭͱȽ𽣾һ㣬ҹδܵѹԽԽ
䡭
ʱҹδͬһƬиÿһӿɽһܡ׽ÿһͬһ꣬ͬˣͬײϢһԹۿĵɶò˼
ҹδԽԽ˷ܣ׽ƷȻ𽣾ͬײҹδ𽣾İ̫ˡһԶʤͱʿʮ
𽣾İļʣԽԽ·𲦿ԽԽԽԽ
ϡ
һɺƱ˺ܾõĻɽ緢ˣͬԾۼ׷һ˿նӳһƬ
ͻˣֳ֮ɫ
һ̣ҹδоԼһ֣һ֣оԼһ˿仯Źͨصý鿿һ֣˻һ⡣
䡭
һ˲䣬Ƶתоѹһֱٶѹҹδ˲ʧ
ľ߶𽣾ͷųӴܿʼѹ壬ӴΣȻٶʤԭʤޣʱҹδӴܣ㲻ˡ
ھԵʵǰٶǲġ
οٶҲֻǱҹδ߳һߡ
һӺ岻ò䣬
ҹʦãʦܳһʱ䣬ǸʱδǶˡסҪСκһ˻
ҹδͷ֪ǵɺսʤ֮ˣƮˡóȻһ˻֣Σա
лʦ֣лʦ֡ҹδʩ
Щʣҳһʱ䣬
ã
ҹδͷȻɵʦ֣˻Ŷ
˻ʮţǶǰûн֮ǰˡڲ˵ǰʮû⡣ôҪȥս˻񣿡
ҹδ뵥ʦָ𣿡
Ȼͷܲȥս˻񣬺ܺáѾߵˣս˻񣬾Щ̫ߵˡ
ǸߵãЩƲñ֪á̫˽ԼⱾһΣաͻƣʱңʱ㡣
лʦ֡ҹδϲ
Ҳ֡ʿһ־ȫԸҲиòĥºΪ̫ܵ졣
ǡҾÿ춼ս㣬ʦֲᷳɣҹδֺõŵɡ
ɹЦû£ҲţھػҲԶҲ㻹ܹһϲҲܹһѹأ
˵˵ЦЦ뿪ɽȣԻȥ
ڶ졣
ɽȣǶս˱ҹδ͵ɣԹ߱塣ܹۿɺҹδսҲżǿ򡣶ҲҪҹδܹڵ¼ֶá
Աһ£Ҳܹ֪Լ͵ɵĲ࣬Լʲôʱȥս˻
ҹδѡľ߶
ΪͻƵķֱǽľͻľ𽣾ͻ𽣾ⶼǹģķؾͳΪ㣬Ҫȫ㡣
һҹδͷ˲ࡣ
ɺ嶼˻ǵȴǿ̫ࡣ
ǿȫģ;ľȣͨصٶȣرսľ飬˲һǰ㡣
ҹδľ߶ȫأҲͼ˰ҾͰˣܵʮֳףȫ
ȴǷǳԾû뵽ҹδ뾹Ȼܹѹ£ְӵʱ䡣ⲻҲʼоҹδķҹδȻܵÿ죬ȴҲûֻһЩˡ
ˣÿ춼ᶷһȻҲϻڣҴȥȥ
ĴҹδҲõȻÿ춼ڻҹδ룬ȴûڸ̵ʱڻҹδ롣Ҫ֪ÿ춼ȥսḶ́Ѱҹδ㣬Ҫ̻ҹδʱ䡣
ҹδأ
ÿҲսḶ́ÿľһ˿ȴҲûܹӳһ˿ʱ䡣


436 
˵ҹδ͵ɶڽʼհʱ̶һң˭Ҳûеõһ˿ơҲǳÿ쿴żҲ͵սһǰܵñҹδ뻹졣
һ¹ȥҹδڽľ򵽴ɾ磬ɰ˵ɵ£Ƕһﵽ˽ӵʱ䡣
ҹδͬʧһ㣬㲻壬ص̸ֻżʱʿСۣŻᵽ
ÿ춼ڹĲαȡʯԴ͵джȹʶѾŶʮöзʮö붼˻зơ
ʱҲз𽣾ľ𽣾ˮʹ÷ʱҪʹɫ֪ⲻǷǿֶΣǿֶںУкһڻ߱ǸΡ
֮⡣
̾Ϣһûһֱڵ֮⣬ĴѰž䣬˲Լѣиһֱûҵž䡣˭Ҳû뵽žͽڳɽ֮Уֱش
ĴǱڵ֮⣬ǵػΪֻҪҹδӵƾΪץסҹδ練ơ
ҹδһֱûгʵҲ⡣صҹδ롣ֻһʱѾȥˡ
ȥһץסǲ磬ܵĳͷͽҪֱľӣÿʱÿ̶
ȥĴȴҪֻǵػΪʱ硣
棡
ʦ
ҹδΣ
ʦͳϢҹδѾһǱӽҲûгڵʵδ֪
΢΢һüͷ츳ǿ
ǿҲͻ˻
ǵǡͷҽͷ磬£ǱصѾʱ䣬ҹδ룬ҹδһֱûгһ磬ҹδܻܿ
˵֮㲻ҪץܸҲȥѰž䡣ҵž䣬Ҳҵž䣬ͷҡ
ǣʦ

η塣
ҹδں͵ɼѾľľľ˴ɣʱˮľ߶ˮ뵥ɼ
ں͵ɵµļУľҹδս顣ˮľ߶ˮԺ͵ɼһӡȻûͻƵ˻ľȴ;Ӵ˻١Ҫǣ˻ԽԽоԼѾһɴ
ٴܺҹδȴûлصԼסǸŵɺŽȥ
ҹʦãôȥ򣿡ʵ
ȥݼ
һȴû壬ǣҴһصԼĶȥˡҹδ˵Ķ忴ҹδ룬
ôҪɽ
ţ
ҹδͷʵһֱڵԼĴ磬ȻһֱûϢ˵粢ûбץɵĴ״Ҫʹһ档˾ʣ´ˡ
ȴɫδ룬㲻Ҫˣ͵һĻĴӣػ档ǱҪ磬ȴػȥҵϼҲкܶΪЧȻʵǻԶڳȥΣա
һȥҹδһµ
ھߣ
ҹδҡҡͷһ°ɣǸʱҵˮľˮӦҲͻƴˡ
ɲĶ֡
ðգҪðġΪֵá
ʵ㲻ˣžûбץ֤صĺܺãóȻȥ˵һΣա
ҹδԥһ£ջǵһȥ
ͷȥҲס㣬Ҳ˱㡣Լѡ񣬵ÿ˶ҪΪԼѡ𡣡
ףҹδ
аɣɡûʲô顣
ҹδȥɽҹδͳ˶ףĲ˱
嵭˵Ȼ˵ÿ˶ҪΪԼѡҪȥģҪ˽Σյö࣬ξǶһο顣ܹ޾ĺôԺѡʱ򣬲óóȻ
ǡأ
Ҳˣ첻콾ûʲôֵġһ콾Ҫɳף
֪Ҫ˵ʲôδǶжԼѡ񣬶ѾܹġҲûǱˣһ԰бǻ顣ûСҲԼİź͵ƣٰиţ̽δƵɡ
Ҫˡ
ǣף


437 뿪
һº
ҹδˮľˮҲͻƵɣ˻ˣȴ֪ʲôʱܹͻơ
Ҳһ̣Ҳ֪Ҫꡣ
ķĲ㻹ҪܹعһαҹδѾȲˡ뿪
û֪ͨκˣû֪ͨɺ壬һ糿Ȼ뿪˽壬߳˵
ȴû뵽иһֱعע߳˵˲ǵϼʿƹȣһֱû뿪ĺ㡣
ҹδ߳˵ɨӣȻ㿪ʼ٣±Ӷȥıٵʧܽû˼ʱں
ҹʦã
ҹδһݣͷȥȴǺ㡣̵ת
Ϊʲôһֱû뿪
ΪʲôԼ뿪̸Լ
ΪԼ
Ѹٵؿҹδ룺ҹʦãôɰ
źѸٿҹδн䱸ȴ¶Цݣʦ㣬ǣ
ҡ
ոһ֣ҹδľѾڵĽ׶һ׶˺üģ㰵л͸¶ŲŵɫҹδΪʲôڵһ棬ͻɱ֣
Լ¶ʲô
ˡ
ҹδͷһһڣȻս˴ȣ񱼶ȥ
Ȼ֪ԼĴ类ƹ˹Ƴ棬ԼƹȻʲôģ
οôɵ飿
ڵߣԼһ뿪̳ڵ֮⣿
ؿֲƹȣҹδԲԼһ˿ʮֹϡʼգûнӴ壬ʵǶƹȵʿ˽ġ
ϰ
ԶԶؿҹδһУȻҹδΪʲôԺͻɱ֡ǺͻȻҹδߣԭͲҲͻɱ֡
ҹδľٶԭģһӾ͸߶Ƚ䱸
ԣҹδһ֮ˣһΪԷԼв;ԲʮΣա
ͨҹδĳ֣ҹδʵҲ䱸
֪ҹδǴڣ֪ҹδͻƴҲͰ࣬ʮĴ粻࣬Ҳϡ档Եûаҹδʵϡ
ڵʵ൱ˡ
ոͻưĴڣӦҲ൱˻ǵػѹҹδ벻⡣ҷʿսܲǷʿ㡣ͻϮ֮£аգһɱҹδ롣
ҹδϸϸ˼һ·ҹδͻҲǴڳڵģҲ൱˻Ǳ֮ǰࡣ
ಡ
ҹδּɿĴûóڵ¡࣬ڹӽԺҲ˽Ϊϸ˽⡣ڳڵܱԽοԼ䲻֮£
ҹδ׾侲ȿʼ֮󣬸֪һʿҪþãҪʼеƣΧû˹ۿѾܹɱԷˣͲذԼʵֳ˭֪᲻ڰǱ͵
ο˵ˣܾܿǱڵ֮⣬Լ
þΣӳͿʼ̽飬ȴû̽鵽˿ټڵķʮšΪҲضԼû̽鵽˵ΪԼߡ
ͱˣ
ܹ̽鵽ټȻĿĵؽзܹ취ӶԷһѡȫҲԷټǾֻܹˡ
ԣҹδȻΪ
ȻǴڣǴԲ磬Ϳʼαŷƽˡȴ֪ԼܿܲĶ֡
ԭǵػʿսʮ꣬սֱ컨Ѿﵽ컨ԼսִԵɱʿ̫Զοʿ㡣
ҹδ沿飬Ϊ֪ĸԼһ·ܵһСɽȣǸıȥ˳˵ϣȻһһŵͷŻڻ˱飬Ȼȼ˺壬ս˳˻ҽҹδתȥʼնͺʬ屣ž롣

ҹδԶ֮Сɽȣһۣ࣬һѾʧСɽȡ
ʱ֡
ҹδ뵽ɳǣһҾ¥ٴԣһ߳Ŷһ⡣
ӿȴûзֿ֮ˡǴÿ˵϶һϣһֶɵϣ
ɳǵˣǱżģж̤;ϣ
ֻǡ
ҹδҡҡͷ֪Ҫ̸ף


438 ص۶
Ա֮ҹδִһЩʳڴУȻ뿪˾¥ȥУһƥ
˵ںһ˿ѪҲ֪٣ȴһƥҹδϣٶ죬һô
ҹδҪȥ۶
Ҵ磬ûͷȥǹ⣬ļƻ
ڵĻʵǲ⡣
˵ˣ֮ǰڵѾλĻʵˡ˵ҲûΪҽڵϼ壬Ϊ˵ӡƺҲԼڵҹδΣҹδЦ˵˼仰ƺҹʦûʮС
ԣҹδڵӵݣѾǴ󻪻ʵۣҲҶҹδΡ벻ڱΡ
ҹδʱ䶼϶ȹģ糿꣬Թŵ۶ۣƻʱ򣬾ڿջסҰ¶ޣŹٵֱ۶
ûжÿһǳ⣬ڷĲ㹹ٸзÿճϣԼŷرƽÿҲľн
뿪ʱûֶһһ̡ڵҲһﵽ˴ʦľ硣ǺԴʦܲߣֵһػһĻᶼδػСҲҪʱ䡣˲ƵĻֶһһڼֻ̣Ҫһʯܹ˲ҿ֮Ҳ湥
ÿнеģڿջҰ⣬ÿῪ̣档
뿪֮ļ죬ҹδͷԼľнƺһƿһ˿ǣ㿪ʼÿľͽĵתʼת
ľнﵽ˴ɾ磬һľ߶һֽѾϳˡǣսʱܹľ˳תȥ߶ͬĽܻᱶ
ȻתĲ˳תļ϶ͻ󣬻ᱻְգһ֡ԣҹδȽתôﵽ˳ľ硣
֮ϲʮͻȻ
ת򣬶еÿԾȻãһֱƿ˿ĸľͽȻֿʼһ˿˿ŴԲľƽ
ÿҹδ붼ɻͷž̽Σʧǣûҵټ
ɲûиԼֻľԸߡ
һº
ԶԶѾ˺ΰĵ۶ǡ
ҹδһһ·浣ͻԼ֡ȴûз͸ĴˡǾǸԼԼҵ˴磬ҲҵˣǸʱŻặȻ֡
һˣٴο۶ҹδӿһ˿С
߽ţЩİĽֵرϤܶʿˣˣؽֵСнǵũ򡭡
ҹδֱԼĸۡɽǣšŴŹرգһƬ΢΢һüͷ
ѵǹˣ
Ըۡˣ
ǹ㡭
ҹδӿһ˿ɱ⡣
֨ѽ
ʱ򣬴֨ѽһˣܼҴ˳Ȼǰվһˣڿͷ˶ö
ˡˣ
ţҹδ뿴ܼңķ£ֽܼңŴȥ﷢ʲô𣿡
ܺãܼҼǣŽȻŷڵһ˺ȵŸʲôϽȥ֪ͨݼˡ

Ǹ˷ܵ˽ȥһʮ˴˷ܳ϶˷ܺͼ
ݼˣ
ҹδͷȥæɣܼң
ǣˣ
ҹδƿ鷿ţ˽ȥ֪ܼÿ춼˴ɨοصͷ¡ܿѾ˲ˮҹδһڲ
أ
סڽÿ¶ϼΡһЩǮ
ҹδͷиǷɣ˵Ҳû¡˹ܼҽ֪飬ΪݵĹϵ֪Ҳ࣬ԱùܼȥԼ׼ϴ緹ϴ裬극صԼңҹδڴ˼š
ܵ취ҵټԼҵ磬Ҳ͸ҵˡҵټȻһ£ܹ
ţյƣ˯˹ȥһһֱ˯˻ƻʱ֣ҹδˬ
ϴһ뿪˸ۡͽŽȥ


439 ټ
һԼ˯úܺãûԼѾû˹עԼˣΪԼڵٻˡ
ǣ˽ǰҹδ͸֪ڹעԼˡû⣬мˡ񿴵ԼҲܿͻ֪Լˡ
Ƿһ˿Ц
λ˵ϵ̫ȴλ⻹
϶ԼʹĹϵ֪˵Ż˻λ
ҹʦſڵĻʹգգ۾ŵؿڵ
𣿡ҹδһ̨̤ףһʵ
ڣͷ
ˣͨԼȥҽ
Ȼҹδ룬һͷҹδ߽˴ţĿݼһɨ㿴һݼŵ̫塣
ֻҪȻ֪ĶˡҹδֱǱȥݼ֮ϵȻҲͿҹδ롣һͷ׷ʵ̫ۣϱһϲû뿪ݼҹδңңʩһҲûȥ֪ͨ㡣ҹδҲңңػһǱȥ
ûҹδ룬֮ǰҹδӵݣ͸οݼ֮ϵ嶼ûſڵĻĸ֨
Ƿ׷ҹδʩ
ҹδƿ˷ţ˽ȥڣڵϣһʯƬѾڷһЩʯƬü˼š
ҹδüëһȻǿڲ󣬶ҿǸѾǴʦˣƺڳͻڡ
ҹδҲߵһԣϡ
ڵϵüͷһ壬Ȼ֪˽ֻ˼úǳ⡣Ȼͨ͸ҽſڽҲֻн˲ܹͨ鷿
ԣȻãȴҲĿû뿪棬ĥšҹδھվڵſڣʱԿȥ
һȴôÿ硣
ɫѾغҹδȼ˷ڵȻֻص£صȴ
ž
㽫еʯ˵ϣ̾Ϣһ
ʧˣ
վΣҹδ뿴˹ȻĿһǾϲһҹδǰ
δ룡
ҹδվЦش硣
㡭ˣ
ⲻվǰ𣿡
ɫһ䣬ĵʵڵ鷳
ǣֻͻˣһ¡
ͻƣ
ԣڿϸʿˡ
ϸʼһ㣬󿪻شЦ
ݼ֮ϵ壬ȴֳ֮̾ɫû뵽̶̵һʱ䣬ҹδѾϸˡԼˣҲ˻
㡭
ڴϸ۷壬ȴҲͻ˻Գһܲҵͻ˻
㶼Ҫͻ˻˰Ƭ̵ʧȻ¶Ľ֮ɫݼ֮ϵҲһʧ
⡣
һ¥ڣѾ˷ֽһ裬غȣʱؿһۡ
ҹδûʲô֡ҹδͽϵԭͲҲסڽص۶Ȼȥݷýҹδͽ̸ʲôҲģֻҪԼҹδͺáҵž䣬Լ֮ʱ˵Դȥʦ
ԣĲҹδ˭˭˵ʲôֻҪҹδˡֻзԼ˼˵ɲ˽ЩҵĻ䣬ԼǾģסΨһĿ꣬һⶼ
鷿ڡ
ҹδһʲô״
ϵֳһ˿ο統˻֮󣬵Ҳûдɱ䣬ֻǽߵܵȨˣҲڻӻŮͷ˵۶˵ˣǼʱɱ
һҲֻ֪ϲɡ
˵ͻȻֳ˵֮ɫͻȻ˻λҰѸʴˡҲ룬ӦǴž֮Ĺϵߵˣû°ɣ
û£ҹδҡҡͷ²ûڵ㸸ס
ʡðɣֳ֮ɫ
Ҿò˵ĵϼ壬һ
㡭
ҪץңҴ档ȥˡŶˣڵ˽塣
ԣڵڣҶΡ
ô뿪ˣ
ҹδĬȻƬ̵ش磬֪𣿡
ͷ֪һ
ˣʮڻزˡ
ͺãͺãˣ֪٣ܺ˵˵𣿡


440 ̵ۣ
ҹδ룬ҡͷش磬ǲ˵Ϊﵽһ̶ȣȻ֪
ðɣЩʧ䣺һ겻֮ĲԽԽˡ
ش磬鷳һ¶
˵
ȥ֪ͨһҪ
ãЦڻѾ֪ˡ
ҹδͷû
Ҿ빬ڲ˵֣ڵ˵˵ɣ˵ĸ˵˵
ҹδȡһ򣬵ݸУһ˵ڵһģǹĴУȻƷߣǶڵľ˵ˡŲٵľ飬ͻڻа
̫ˣлл㣬δ롣ϲӹ򣬸Ҫ
ȸ˵˵ڵ飬һûȥ
ݼ֮ϵҲ˶䡣
ҹδ˵Ŀʼ˵˵ʼսüɫ裬Ѫڡҹδ뾹ȻսʤѾ˻壬ݼ֮ϵֳȻ֮ɫ
ա
ҹδ˵̫ù񫣬뵽ҹδ붼ôˣԼҲݼ֮ˣҲ뵽鷿һôأҲ鷿ҹδҲǴϲһԵҹδҲס˽ڵΪݣĲ̫󻪻ʵ۵Ŀ
֮󣬱ڽе㡣ûеȶãͻˡ֪ҹδ룬빬
ҹδƲƲ죬¶һ˿Ц
Ҳ֪ΪֲԼݣڻʵ۵ļӣǺ³Լ
ڻʹĵ̡
߼֮ɡ
Ǿ߰ɣ
ҹδվȥҲûȰ˵ҹδ룬ԼλֻδظҶҹδΡ֮ڻʹ棬¶ڰڼӡ
˻ʹţҹδ뾶ֱŴȥʹŵʶҹδ룬ҹδĹȵʱֳôĶһͷβʶ
β֪ҹδѾǵӣ
˵Ա߻㣬Ҳ߽˻ʹ
˹¥
¥⣬һʿأһüԣɷˡҹδΪ׵һԪʿȵ
ֹ
ˡ
Ļû˵꣬ҹδ;ڵıǸԪʿ㱻һ档ҹδŲûͣɱŲٶ̤˹¥̨ס
ߵɵˣ⻹ǵһο˸ڻʹסȻнǼǿĽˣЩСĸҷ
ο
ֲǲ֪ǰ˭ֲǲ֪ҹδѾǵӣ
ԣؿҹδ̨̤ף߽˴š
飡
վڹ¥¥ϵ淢飬һˣɫࡣ
ôңһôң

³һ˲侲뵽ڣ߾ϣȴҹδ롣
ҹδ벻̨̤ߣô
֪ǸԪûж⣬ֻҪԼԼվͨȻԼ
ˣ
Ǹոյϻʵһ꣬͵Ѵ󻪺͵ĵλŷˡǾԼֻһոսһСӣԼ
ȻҲûҪǸԪʿֻõͽ׷һ£Ϊһܹűġ
̤̤̤
ҹδ̤˵㣬˸߸ϣϵо̾Ϣһ
ú˵
ԼҲܹһӣȻ淢ԼֻҪΪԼ£ԼҲǲԭ
̬
ԼͲܿˡ
õƽ֪ˣʹԼ˵ӡ
ǣҹδŲͣ˹ȥ
ɫһ䣬վ֮ϵʿб⣬Ҳû뵽ҹδŲֱͣĻʵۡ
ҹδҪʲô
Ҫ̵
ϣ
ҲǸ˻߱νʣһնҹδ룬ͬʱȵ
ϣ
ҹδ˲䳤ʣһ̳
𽣾
˲ͬգöǸ˻߸оԼ޿޿ɱܣֻܹӲ
ѵһ㲻ɡ
˻߽ȫ;蹬ۣȻعע֮УԴΪ֣ȡ֮
ǡ
׽Ĺǳȣ
׽ĵ𽣾ȣ
˻Ǳ嶼ˣοҹδȣ
䡭
֮ܶȻӿվ֮ϵһɫһ䣬æһ䣬һĻԼǰ


441 ʵ
ۡ
Ǹ˻߿ڱѪͬһص˳ȥηɹײǽϣȻǽմһ
ϵˣվϵǸػҲˡǼҹδųһһǸػ߼æȵ
㡭վס
ҹδûͣǲ죬¶֮ɫҶûа취ȷҪң
ǵػоԼ˫ȷЩվˡ
ʱмˣҹδǵӣԼڵǰûơ
ҹδĿֱܹϻλҾܹһ
ɫ˲԰ףû뵽ҹδ̶̵һ꣬ô
ʹĵڶ־Ȼסҹδһ
ֲ˹
뵽ûκҹδ룬˵ҹδڵĵλ˵ڵıڵ
ˡԼ»λϡ㡭Ҳûпܡ
ϵ亹
ʱҹδѾߵǸػǰƲƲ
˻ǵػ
ߵʱɫǵͨ죬ûаմҹδ룬ͷҹδǺȻһɵοҹδȫһ

иֳһ˿ɬ
Ĵвܹȵġ
ֳǿӲҹδ룬ʱû˵ػĽҲҹδ뱳ĵ
ǲ𰡡
˵Լδشùҹδ룬ܹùָҰҹδΣ
ʱ֮ǰظҹδһǿʼԹӸ
ú˵
ҹҹɡ㲻ɱϡ
˵Ҫɱ𣿡ҹδ뵭ض
һɣɴÿҹδ̤ף
վ
һܵվ
ÿ
ŵԱǸػ߿ɬر۾
ҹδ뻺ϡ
ڣ
Ӧǵͨ죬վڴſڵ㣬ֳһ˿ͬʱҲһ˿Ȼ
ʱ˻Һ͵Ĳࡣһ
Ҫ
ҪҪȥϵҹδ뵭˵
ٴ侲֪ԼȫƣҹδʵҲ˽֮ҹδ룬ԻҵӣҲԼȴǿȴ̻ش
ãǶޡŵùˡ
ҲãҹδͷתͷһǸԼ䵽ǽϣѾ˻˵
㵽ſţκ˿
˻ûһ˿ƢӦһߵ⣬Ŵվš
ҹδ뽫Ŀڳܹ𣿡
䶯һ£λľͲǳԼĸʣ˵ĴȲżλʱΪҹδҲܹ
ֻܹڵҹδΪʲôֵĻ
ؼǵûκҹδ룬֤ҹδڵĵλʵʵصͷ
֪淢ҺҴ֮Ĺϵ
Ŀⷢ飬ͷҡǸʱ򡭡ûѡ
ҹδڰֵǸʱûѡеѡ𣿡
̧ͷһҹδ룬еͷʹر۾
ûѡ
֪ͺãҹδͷ飬ҶԲ⣬ҪΪһ¡£Ҿͻ뿪۶ǻʵۡ
Ȼ̧ͷǾϲ˵
ɣ
Ŀһ
ǾͺãʡҸ㻭ˡҹδ뵭˵ȻˣҲزˡȴˡ
ĿȻһϣ
ҹδЦЦؿôҪҵ棬Ըң
ޡҲң
ҹδһָȣһ·ϸңӵٵ۶ȴһֱҶҳ֡
֪ζʲô𣿡
ɫ৵һò԰ס
ҹδΪûаմùҡ
ҹδ˵ڶָڶһˣһ˵֮к³κ𣿡
˫ȷɻһ¡ҡ
ǡҪʲô
Ҫܼ򵥣ҳ
ɫ䣬߶µǲ˵֮ղŻҡ
ҹδҲգǲ˵ȣֻҪ㰵ѰټҰڵ۶ӦûǡǣҲνΪֻң˲أҪ˵Уˣ
ԣ׵ҳ֪ȻֻҪϢҾͿˡԺ鲻ٲ
ΣȵҵģȻǳǳزҺ֮Ƕĳͷ
ѵ㻹£һͷûУ


442 ҵ
ҡ
ʱҶԹԹȰ㣬ԺҪ֮飬ܺķ׾ͺá
˼Ƭ̣֪ԼѾû·ԼӦҹδĻỻԼϻλ
ԺҲܵ˰Ҫúýð
ҹɣҴӦ
ãЩһסڽУڽһ˰ɣȻܵĴϢʽʱǱڽеİ֪ͨҵõϢ
ϵûʲôΣǸ˾ͻ֪ʵ۱ضһӻŮϰ尵ͷ
ǣ
ҹδſȥش磬ˣ
һ֣Ȼתҹδ벢ȥ
¥
ҡһ£Ǹػ߼æַס¡
ϣ˵ӦӦôӦҹδ룿
ǡûоܾʵɫȻܹľǾԲҪ淢ձҹδŪǾ͸ˡ
ʹ
ҹδ߳˴ţδ룬л𣿡
ҹδ룬ҡҡͷڲС
̾Ϣһʧ
ش磬ȰҴӵкúѧѧԺҲܾҪԴȽԼΪȥ˵
㾫һҹδԣڲȱˣδҲԴ֧֡˺ڵҲҲûеʿָ㣬Ҳˡ
ҹ
ҹδϥ֮ǰԼڽеСԺͤڣѾ鰲ŸҲֻܹȴڵȴ
ǳתһһ뵽ڣת죬ע뵽֮ڣеս뵽ʶ뵽ʮ֮ڡ
¼ϣϼ£뵽蹬
γһص蹬ܱ䣬ظΪʵոΪ飬ϸ蹬ø
ľļʣŶľ蹬Ҳһ˿˿仯ø

³һ۾΢ѾվͥԺм䡣
ϵһγн
һ·ϣûжתԽӵʱգضԴﵽˮ硣
ÿһÿһľн˻һ˿оԼԽԽأýԽԽӽ
֮ҹδͻṹĲзÿ칹٣ȻҲˣзĹѾʶһգҪָռڵľȻռڵľÿĻָǻûлָʢʱڵĳɡʢʱڵľڵʹʶʱһӾ߳ɡ˭֪Լͻ˻ʱǲҪľ
ãһÿյĻ֮С
һ죬ÿհϢϢȴҹδЩΡ
Ƿ棬ھԶһҾ¥ڴţҲסջڲԶһݼš
ҹδ֪˷λҲ͵͵Ҳȷʵ档˵ûʲôã˼죬£Ҳ֪ο档
ϢлУҲʧٵʱҲ˵ҪɵʲôЩǽ棬ҲͻȻʧȥټοЩһ˲˲ض档
ûʲô취
һա
ҴҶ
δ룬Ͻˡ
Ͻʲô¶
ϽһأƹʿùƳ֮أ˵˵ż֡ܶʿϽȥŵҲ˶
żɽǰ㣿
ǷɽʷϻֹϽδֹ󡣡
ҹδü˼˼Ϣ᲻ȥϽ
пȥҲпܲȥ
ֻһֵĿܣҹδҲܷᣬʵǲ֪βܹҵ硣
ص̫ˣ
ȥˣϽΣգҴڻйƳ棬Լȥ硣ϽΣգδؾͱ
Ը˼ϽûȥϽ
վȥϽ
δ룬Һһȥǹ˽
磬㻹ڵ۶ɡҸЩкԴúá
ҪȥŴ硣ǹĿᶨ
ҹδ룬ͷҲã
ա
ҹδǹ뿪˵۶Ͻȥ
ǵԶԶ׹棬ȻҲ˵Ͻ֮£ڣҲҹδ벻֪žϢˡҹδȥѰžܱԼѰǿӣҹδ


443 ħ
¡
һ޴ĺ
˺ΪΪ
˵һɮڴ˺õ֮󣬴˺ŷϣҲ̲ŷΪϸͻ˻ʥء
˺ܹ˵ѹ˵ħ֮ͻ˻˼ֳɹϣ
ʱ룬ϥһ߳׵ľ޺һ޺һ㡣˫Ŀ溩顣
ںϣϥһϺУ˫Ŀеźľ޺
һ΢ĽŲһüĿĺߵǸϥĺߣеľ޺̾һ
ʦ֣㽫ԴͶ۰Եϣֵ𣿡
۰ԣֳһ˿˷֮ɫֵá۰Եδ⺢ԴϣδĳɾͱضԶҡ
ǡǸվŵĺֳһ˿ǵӷ̫أ쳾ȥ
̾һҲ۰ԣɸĸ˫ͼ¶ʮ
⺢ԴҲΪԴЩֵܽúǣ
ǳҲԣҲ԰
ǵڼˣ
졣
вĿ֮е۰ϡ
۰ϥ֮ϣһ󳪡ƬķϣԺ
һ󳪾飬һ֮佥رͨ͸òԽԽ顣
Ҫɹˣɫһϲ
أ۰Եɢһ⣬ǽȴ񣬷һְ֮С
Ƿ⡣
ŷԽԽʢЦݸʢ
۰ԵͷһɣֻǷʮֵ֣·ʱɢǽЦȴʢֻһ̣Ƿʵ۰ͻ˻̡֮
Ȼ䣬۰Եðһ˿ɫ䣺ħԣ
һ˿أȴǿؿʼ󣬿ʼͷ۰ǴɫҲؿʼʹŤͷϵòȶ
еɫǴʱȴﲻæֻܹƾ۰һȥ

ħ
𣬽Դϲ
ħҪֽ۰նɱ
ԱߵǸʦ֣ûתɺûħ
ȴǵǷ˵Ƿ⣬ħɫ˭֪᲻תɺ
ϧ˰
ɫأһ˲˲۰ԡ
۰Եɫӵʹ࣬ɫӵŤʼ
һ󳪴𣬹飬Ҫļ·ġȴնԵ
λӰ磬㣬СõӰȴسļ䣬ȥ
ҪնϣȴҲնȥ
ǲնǲԸն
ӼһĻĻļʣÿһĻɢŨһ֣Ѿͷò¡
еҰУе۰ԣʱһ߷ӯʢһȴڣ˫ֲ¡
浴ҡҷ
еķƺ֪۰еִǷøӿȣ뵽
ˡ
ʢʼѹڣȴѹƣùۿһɡ
Ƿʥذ
еɫֽȻΪǺȷʵڲϵرѹƣٶȴԽԽȵѾռ˾ųɣֻʣһɵʱȻѱѹһ˿
Գľ̫ˡ̾Ϣһ
ˡ
۰ͷϵǶʼرʵȴһ˿ԴԴϵ˷ڷЩɫĻơ
Ⱦˡɫ䡣
Ƿʵȴռʮ֮һɫơͷ۰۾
˻
ǣ۰ɫȴûʲô˷ϲ֮ɫ˫һ˿ˡ
Լ磬㣬Сõӡ˲٣˼Ҳ˲١
ʦ۰˽ǰʩȻֶһʩʦ塣
̾Ϣһֳ֮ɫ۵˿˿ɱ⣺վħԡ
ǲħԣ۰ԣ
ĬȻ۰˵ûϸ˵ȷʵԡǶڷ˵һ⡣ǶģδܿתɷԣҲпתħԡ
ʦ֣ͻȻڵ۰վûħɷħһ֮䣬ѾʺϱſˣӦȥ쳾ں쳾УҲܹƺ쳾תɷԡ


444 ħ
̾Ϣһ۵׵ɱȴʧˡ
Ͼ۰һģĿǰҲûħֻǶһԡ
Ҳ֪۰һ쳾Ծͺѱ֤ˡ
תɷԣתħԡ
쳾ɲǿЦ
۰ԣ˻ʦʹһţħɡϣܹĬعҷ𡣡
ǣʦ
۰ԲûиоʦжѾɱ⣬ǽʦ˵쳾¾ͱʦħˡ
׼һ£վȥϽɡ
Ͻ۰ɫһ㣺ȥ󻪿ˡ
㲻ȥˣѾļˣֻһֱûи㡣
ҵļˡ۰Եһ˿
˵˵ɣһҹ֮ͻȻʧûټû֪СҹδѾΣûнԣͲȥˣΪСѾǵӣ鲻ȥҲûáȻϽԸȥȥ
δΪˣ۰ֳϲɫǡҴ綼ڵˣ
硭г˵ڵͨҲһֱûץ
Ҵ类ͨ۰Ȼ
ǣԭ֪Ȼԭ򣬵δؿšֻҪ֪绹ûбץסͺá
ڵҲȥ˷ɽԺ󣬾Ҳûг֣ܿ˷ɽСҹδһֱѰѶȴһֱûеõ
Ͻطޱ䣬СźܴĿǰ㻹ҪȻش𣿡
ȥϽ
Ͻ
һؤһһǰϼһ֪ʲô޵Ĵȣؤõиʳ֮
ؤΰ߽ףһֱϽͽž䡣
裬ϸʱžѾһ纻ʵϸʿ
뿪ˣ
žһ߾׽⣬һ˼š
Ͻɽд꣬裬ϸһˣͽɽ󴨣֮ڼ䲻ϵغޣɱһΪѾʮֺʵϾ˻ż
ֻȴ֪ͽɽ󴨵ķѾʺͻ˻ˡ˵ַʱ̫ãЧѾúܲˡҲ֮Դ˷ֻԤ벻Ч
꣬˼Լһʲôͻ˻
࣬оǸƳѾˣȻʵܹоǰѾ˹
ƲԼͻȻ˾޴һƳйϵͼֻܹ͵ȴܹʡǣƳΪʲôԼڵʱûԼʣ
뿪֮Լʣ
˼⡣
ˣ
Ȼش󻪣δ˵ɡ
վΣһ·Ϩһ߷ȥ
֮
žտһͷ¹ȻתףһŽŲӰּ䴩žǵģȴû˿Ʋ𣬷ֳ֮ɫ̫࣬˭֪ǰؤǲǸ֣
ž买ֵ
λ̨ˣ
ž俴ˣһϲ궼ûмˡ
λֵܲһԡ
ɫһ㣬žʹ죬衣Ǵžܹоֱ˶ĺ˲׽໥ʹһ񣬵л֮£û̳ԣΪ׵һķʿžʵ
ѵģɽ²ˣ
ţžʾһ£ǿԿʼˣȻиһ⣬ҧһڣ׽µ
ͽȺɽ֮ˡ
ɽɫȻ𾴣ֻҪžϵһͷаƤ֪žû˵ѡڳɽ꣬Ϊʲô
ȻΪش
˵ΪԲͣ
иӾ裬ֻȴҲĲ٣оžˣöҲžĶ֡Ȼǲ֪žΪʿ֪Ǹ֪žɢϢҪǿ̫ࡣ
Ԫ磬ǻǿӦñǿѨϣ˵ѾˡԣҲл֮󣬿ʼ
ҲģžҲҪһ״
ǣǸʿҡͷʶžڳɽж꣬Ͳ֪ƹȽص飬͵
ȥƹȵġ
ȥƹȣžɫ糣һȴƹȵʿ


445 ƹ
ǸʿϸϢƹȽط䣬½ʿƹȻۡ
ƹȽط䣿žɫһ㣺ʲô䣿
ƹȽس걻Ũ֣ĹƳ棬ƹʿùƳʥأҲʿĽء
ǣϸϢƹȵŨʧˣҲûзһƳ档
⡭˵ƹȵʥûˣž󾪡
ǰʿͷڴ½ϵʿɣһͷɽƵżԺܶʿ˷ۣҪȥѰһԵ˵ºʹѩɽҲ˲ʿǰ׽ߵķӣӺҲǰƹʥŮѾصƹȡ
ʥŮ诣
žǾһʱһԶϽͷȴһ룬ڵĹƳѾѣվҵԼġԭǺ֮ˣԵľҪȥԡо˾ȥƹȽأ诡Ҳ׽ڹƳ֮Σ
ˡ
Ǿˣ
ĸ˱˴˶ûͨҲû໥ѯʡΪҶ֪ˣõҲδžˣһƹȽȥ
;޺޵Ϯž䶼ûж֣㱻ʿˡͨ˵սžѾԪľ硣
˵䣬ӦòԵ£ѩɽƹȣ׽ʿô䣬ֻԪΪ
֮Կ֣ûž֣Դ²žΪΪ·;ϣ˽ĵõʱžָ˼ΣéٿȻҲ֪žΪǸߣڸ߶٣治֪ˣҲ͹ˡﻹž֣
ÿ޺޳֣ų֡󲻶ֻ࣬Ҫžָǡ
ž䵹Ҳģźͼռڹ͵ǵÿһָ㶼ڹؼ֮˻Ȼһ·ϻǳˣǶžӵ𾴣в²⣬žӦĴʿ
ӦòƹʿΪƹʥس£ž䲢ûֳɫҲӦǴµʿΪž䲻ǺСž䲻ǴѩɽʿǵʿԼµˣžӵ𾴣ÿͿ鶼ԲˣžųԾˡ
һա
߼䣬ȻһУ´ضڲһ߳ɵľԳг˳žĸѿ񱼶
壡ʿд󾪣ֻҪԳƣǾ֪ԼǾԳĶ֡
žɫľȻشڳɽУɱ̫ˡԴ콵֮»ԽԽࡣ뵱ҹӥСӵʱҲûǰϽɽ룬ȴûһ塣꣬ɱ嶼ʮˡ
ϣ
һһĨ⣬žǸԳǾԳǰ¡һ˵ϣһȣžϥϡ
𡭡
žӶǸԳֻצӽԼ֧žһһ𣬴Ŀһǵȵ¶ȡ
žŲһα˹ȥŵĵһ壬αͬһһǾԳͷһӶ
ۣ
նһž޴ͷ­ӲϹѪͬȪһ岱ǻ˳ȥ޴¡һˤڵϡ
ʿ͵ؿž䣬͸ղǸԳֶǶ֣ҶûаܹھԳ׷ɱӵõȴžնɱˡ
󡭡硭ʲôΪķ̲סʳԼһֱҪʵĻ
ϸ
žߵǾԳĲǻѪ䣬žһͷһžȴſͺѪʿ۾һѪǵżĺôžûӦʣȴҶǼž֣һϲ嵽˾ԳǰԳ壬㿪ʼͺȡ
ʱ
žϥɽּ䣬ʱѾԶ˷նɱԳĵطˣǷһ˿ЦݣӦܹɹؿˡ
ҡ
Լڵ־һ֣ͬӱӿ
Ȼֹ˴Լʱ½۾㶼һϣһ¾硣
л磡ʩ
žڰֵ̰ɡ
Ѯ֮
žſӿݵĴݲ֮أƹʥأ
ʱɹʥҲûһ˿һƳ档ֻһƬӿݵĺء


446 ѷ
ӦûʿͷǱ߾ƹȡ
ôûмƹȵʿ
žüͷƹȲԶƹȵʥأȻʥس飬ôûƹȵʿ
֪ʿ㶼ҡͷҲ˲
ȥ֪ˡ
žǰȥʿһطǿɲž̫Զ
Ŀǿӿ֮أ˴Լգĸվһ֮ϣȥʿʵ
磬ȥµĶ棬ȥ
ȥ
žһԾȥҲ󣬽żͱϲʱصһ£Խ֮ĸµס
žĿɨ棬ܼĽӡѭŽӡķǰȥߵϿȵľͷһڡ
ڵźͼռ䣬Ϊϸž۽Ѿ֪ͬǶܻŲȶĲ΢˼һ£ƲӦڵڱΣ֪ʲôԭ顣ȻǱضҪȥģ󲽣߽˶ڡ
һµб£֪ж೤ͨͨӨӨ̹⣬̧ͷȥɫһ䣬յ־һϷĶÿʮңſһֻȭͷСĳӣܹؿǳӳһ״εץڶϣɢɵ̹⣬ڶųһߣԶչ
ž䶢ſ˼Ϣʱ䣬ɫĳһҲܶ϶ЩӾһġҲȥЩӣͨСǰȥʿɫӵؽš
ǰ߲ãľһΪͨĿԼǰУʼԽԽҲԽԽߣһֻֻƳ棬СĹƳֻСĹƳȴѾһסԽǰߣĹƳԽԽ󡣲ЩƳҲһˣǵܡ
һߣ͹ȥһʱ䡣
ʱѾɽ˿ټͨߵǽѾȫˣΪͨÿķ·һ޼ʣʱ·һƬƽԭϣͲɽͨģҲȫˣһƬҹգֻеķǲͷɫĹâɫĹâ
Ѿȫһ¿ռ硣
ΪʮղԲ˯Ҳ⣬˴Լգž䲻ɽŲһ٣ԶԶƺһ޴ĵһ˵ĵ񣬹Щ谵ҾЩԶ̫žûг嶯ӿŲСƹſڵϣһĹƳ棬ǸƽԽǱƽǸԽǸоһѹ
һʱ֮ĸվǸ£оǺȻ֮ɫ
һŮӵĵ񣬵ȴһĻǸĻΪȶͣ˸šͨ˸ĹĻܹĻڷ·һ硣
̤̤̤
һ󼱴ٵĽŲЩµžĸ˼æͷȥʮʿѸٵرƽǡ֮ǼʮʿѾ˵ǰǲûȥžĸˣĸͲƵģǵĿⶼǸ͵񱳺ĹĻϡ
ӣһǳƽƽ̵ĵ񡣡
ФɫһȻ󹧹Ǹʩһ񣺡ѩɽФɣݼǰ
ѩɽʿ׷
žĸ𶯣Ҳæ°ݡ
һ˳ѩɽӣʥһʶڴѹѷ죬֣ѷ⣬Ѿѹѷ죬ҪѪѹ̴ĹĻ磬նɱ塣ҶȡڵѪѹѷ졣
ʧˣͻͨѷ˽硣ѹɹһʶҲľҲֻܹѹǧꡣ
ǧ֮أФɫ䡣
Ѿ֮ǰʿȥ֪ͨ壬ɽǱ߽磬֪ͨ塣ԻǰѹҪľǽ磬ֵ壬ҪǴѷ˽硣ʥѾ֪ͨ˽壬ԴԴϵǰҪľǼ֣ޱȵס壬ȴԮ
ǣ
Фʩһŵ񱳺ĹĻ˹ȥ
ಡ
һѩɽʿ˹ĻžҲ˽ȥǷҲ
Ļ֮ǰ䡣һһ߼ʵ硣ͷȥһ޴ѷ˿УԼʮס
ǰһأĿܹʿںʿɱһ𣬵汻ѪȾ죬Ѫӿѷ֮С


447 ˻
ܶ࣬Լ򣬵Ҳ٣Ҳ˵ӡȻҪһЩʵȴ壬ȻҲеģȴ塣
ɱ
Фɺһս˹ȥʮʿһսУѩɽĹ֮Ұԡ
ӣˡңңФɴк
ӹЦӣӣʥŮһ
žɫһʥŮʱʥŮоԼڵĹƳ춯Ŀž˹žģɫ΢㣬õЦ
žһս˹ȥ
ô˵ƬϣѪ˷һ˿
ţ
žŲͻȻһ٣ζزȻ񱼣սһ˹ȥ
ϣ
գһ屻һ󼤶غδ룡
磡
Ŵ磡
ǹ⣡
ž䣬ҹδǹ⼤ر˴˶š
𡭡
ɱžתͷȡ
ã
ҹδǹӦһҲɱ塣ǱߵʥŮҲջĿ⣬ʼרɱУȴǴãû뵽ҵž䡣
һɱһ֮̾һԼ֪ܷ
ҹδʱ泩һɫˮнΪشֻ䣬ݺᣬԾɱΧ岻ϵ䡣һĲսľн˼ĵزľнתѾν
ӱڣʶڵľ纣ӿϸڳĪΪ֣ȡ
Ծգɫ𽣾գľ︴գˮ罭ӵ࣬𽣾գɽݺᡣ
ҹδ裬зХһɫҫɫ⣬׷׵ѪӿȪ
ҹδȴһδ֮Уеɫ趯øΧľƺԼԼԶһȺɽʣʱֵǰĺڰ
Ȼ䣬ֺ籡
ͬһ˲䣬ҹδڵʶڵľȻһ˿·һ˿ԭҹδڣִͬһԾ˳ϸֻۣһ˲䣬ҹδоԼ·֮УޱȵϣΧɣɼǵԽԽܣӦ
ҹδԼʺȻһ죬һˮɡ
صҲǿŵأظ֪ǻԼΧ
˻
ҹδ뻹ɱͷƻۣһΧϷӵҹδ·һ貣ҫ˫
δ롭ͻ˻ˣžɫϲǹҹδңΪҹδ뻤֡
ھǲԶüͷšһš
֪ҹδսһ
κһһ߱˻ʿսʸҲ˵ҹδ뻹ϸʱ򣬾Ѿ൱˻ҹδͻƵ˻Ȼвػҹδ츳ӦҲڶ˻
Ҫͻɱҹδ룬Ͳˡ
Ŀⲻž䣬žɱܣӦûֻϸҪҪͻɱž䣿
ҹʦͻ˻
ңңش˵ۺۺΪӣһΪѾﵽػ۷壬ʱԼСҹδ룬Ȼͻ˻ϲ֮࣬ҲžȡҪ֪һǰۼҹδĹȵĹھǸʱҹδƺûпϣֻɣ
һ಻ͻ˻˻
ҹʦͻ˻ӣʥŮͷӵҲڴ󻪿ҹδıҲʶʱҲҹδңңء
ɫѿ
лʦʦ㣡
ҹδңңӦȻһ档һͳ壬ֻͱնڽ¡
սŽʿնɱʿҲ˽ǧǵϲʬ壬ʬ壬ڵľѪѷһաʬ嶼øɱ
û˵һϥ̷ҩʼϢΪ֪֪ʲôʱ򣬾ֻʿǰʱҲǼ죬Ҳֻмӡ
ҹδϥǳת;õٵػָ蹬ϸ蹬ӵļ̣еʮͶӰγɵǳӵ貣ϵɽӵΡ룬رøӵĻձøӵ
оڸıԼ壬彥ŵת䣬Ϊͨصý顣


448 

ҹδ೤³һͷϵȥΪͻƵԭǵһΪָ۷塣ĿһʿڱĿȻǰȥߵʿǰ棬Ϊʿ
һʿ½ҹδıӰһǰҹδأҹδҲЦӦǵӣӣӺʥŮҲǰأֻʥŮȫȻûžڹƳ֮£Ҳûȥž䣬ûйͨžڵĽƣ·Ͳʶž䣬û½һ㡣
ҹδһֻҲװ֪ڲʱ򣬴Ҷ֪ܷûнҲҪˡž䶼һν̬ȣҹδҲʱеͷ
Ǵɢȥҹδž˹ʶ棬ȴʶž䣬ҲûйעҹδȴȫĽ䱸
ž䣬ҹδǹǰ£ѹž䣿
ǣžԻǣ
ǵĵ棬һ·ˡҹδ뵭˵ô붯֣
ĬȻƬ̵žɱʦܣԴǱضҪõģҹʦֻҪ£ض֡ȻʦңԴҲһȥ
δҹδ뿪ڣžĿҵԴһԡ
Զĵɫһҹδǰڰʾ⼸˲վϥ
ʦܣ˼ҲΪڧ
ܶʿĿⶼ۶ӣʥŮӵĿдŵĳ˼£ȻڧӿҪúÿ˵Ŀ⣬Ȼ֪ɫӵЧɫҲÿҲ˳̾һ㽫ԭί˵һ顣ӵĿⶢžϣ
ž䣿
ǣžɫȻûжԵ˿η塣
ʦܣڵδ֮ǰҲڶ֣һᡣҲһᡣ˵ػƽһս
ƽһսҹδ뼥һػһϸǹƽһս
ɫ˵ǹƽ
ҰɡҹδĿȻܹҵ֣öһ¡
δ룡žְסҹδļȻֱŶ棺𣿡
ҡͷ֪һڽ룬˵㲻㲻壬Ǹúӡûʦ֮£ĳԸύ
ãžͷٲɱġ
ɫһ䣬žֱ棺𣿡
ã³һţ˭ɱģʫʫ
žҡҡͷҲ֪ʦΪӦɱ˵١
šüͷ־£ž䲻ѡҲˣûбҪѡžüչֵĺǼٲ˵ģִϣǲѡ
ˣˡ
֪ܰϸ˵𣿡
ԣһա
ž˵ʮϸȻȥ֮¡Ӻ꣬ϸһ£ΪǱɱ˵١
ر棬žڵʱΪžʫʫ֣Ҳܴù١˵һɱ˵٣˳ҲɱʫʫֻΪžˮΪžˣžӵһ죬濪ڵ
ʦܣҿʱɱ㣬ȴȥҵʦ
žֳ֮ɫȴҹδ밴סֱۿڵҴ粻ȥģѾ˵ˡ˼ˣǻţһս
΢΢˫ˣ
飡ҹδȻûһ˿飬Ųͬ⡣
˵ҹδĿŭʦһ䣬ƾʲôûɱ٣ȴɱҴ硣

ֻ룬ѾˡҴѾ˴С
ҲˣٻţƱɱ
ڲǷǵģǷǵġ
ƾʲôҪģͬһȥǸ
ҪǸȥȫ޿ܡ
ҪսǱս
ս鷳ȥߵĶ͵ϮҴ飬ҺʹһһգҺʹȥѰ
ɫüΪѿǵӣӣӺʥŮȴĿǷ·𿴵һ콾ڳɳ
ν콾
ɲֻ츳ǿģֻǿģܹھԼǱվƽ
ǿҹδѾֻǿˡ
˻ǳػһܵʿս⡭ĵǿЩ˰ɣ
ˣ


449 Ԯ
δ룡Ӳòڣʱ£ʱǶһصһƽо
ҹδü˼һ£ȴûͬ˼˵ɡ
ӣҲڵʦˡҲͬ⡣
ɫһȴҹδڰֵӣʱ˫ɣһд˼ˡ
΢΢ҡͷϵӡ
νӣڵҪӣ浱ڲӣʿ
ûӣӺʥŮӼ
ȵҪһУ
ʱɫõӣֻ˽ĵӡȥ磬Ǹʱͻ֣ᷢҲֻǼΪͨһʿɱʮ꣬Ϊһ˽һͨʿ𣿡
ɫ䣬ӣӺʥŮҲ׷ɫ䡣
Ĵеλ⣬ʣ츳꣬Ĵƽ̣ҲҪӡȴֻ֪˽硣ǵĵλǶ˽ⲻ١Ҫ硣һ磬ʧȥ˵ӣӣӺʥŮݡ
ȻҲᱻȴپ߱˽ĵλͷ⣬Ҳپ߱˽ԴбͻȨ
ӣݺʮꡣɫȻʦܵǿߣҲѾǵػѾԶԸʦͽΪһž䣿
ɫãӦҲȷʵںԼΪž棬Լ뵽֮󣬿»ƽһЩˡ
ӣž俪ڵлӻػҲֻҺʦͽ֮˽˶ԹӾԼɡ
ɫѿصͷžĿһ˿мžļʱڣȥΡž俴ҹδһۣҹδɫᶨ㲻Ȱ˵תͷ
Ҳȥʲôʱʲôʱ㡣Ҫ֣ö˽ˡ
ȻҲ֣Ƕ٣ö¡
ͷȴ˼ˣǻ˵
ãǻ˵
žЦҲЦÿʱ˿̣ǵӣӣӺʥŮڶǰҲǷʧɫ
ҹδ̧ͷԶʥŮ诣ǲǽڵĵֿĴƣʥŮڵĹƳ档ȴȻžʶ
δ룬ҪƳ֮¡ڴ˼䣬ƹȵʵǿƹƽҲڡû̸еʸ񡣡
ҹδһݣ𷽲սпʮͷųδܵʿ
ȥӵҹδ뽻˼䡣ҹδ뿪ʵ
ӣˣ
ʱѾкܶʿˡϽƹȵľӢˡǵƽҲˡʿа˳ɶƹʿ
˵ɫӡҹδҲеĸ֮ɫһս֮󣬿ƹȵʵ˵
δ룡ʶΪһս֮ƹȻʵºʹѩɽ
ҹδʾ⣺𣿡
ġӼʶƽ̲˽˴УҲῴŵºʹѩɽ˽Աضʿؽƹȡ
ҹδͷѾͬ˵ӵĻ룬ڵ
ӣҿҲǧԷȴ򡣡
ΪıԵشһƬ岿䶼ǿ󣬵ʱƣǿ嵽ֻϣܹطѷ졣ߣǵԮҲܹص
ˣ
Ȼɫ䣬תͷԶԶһߣһߺܿͱһƬͬһӿ˹ضھҵĲ
սƹƽ̺ȵ
ʿ׷໥֮ս塣ҹδüȥȻһȥѾʮ򣬵Ըûܵϵ塣
䡭
װ纣ײ
ս˲䱬
ҹδɫ裬ľ߶нΧγһĻĻ£顣
ҹδдϲͻ˻֮ȡٶȸ죬ȡҲǿʵһֹ
ž俴˲࣬ͬʱҲ
û뵽ĲѾͷȴѾߵҵǰ档
䡭
ƹʿȺзɳƽʿʮ߸ܵʿҲɳʮʿɢӴܡƹƽ̵ȴʿڿмսҹδһһ壬ſһֳһ˿ǣƹƽ·硣
ӦûǿĲ䣬ӦΧǿĲ䡣ȥ޷ֵ޾塣


450 
䡭
ѹԽԽͬһӣͬˮİ岻ͣ˵£ӱԽԽҹδҲʼЩԵžǹⶼѾˡ
䡭
һӰ֮ڰУһڻ棬ǻӿ㻯һƬǻꡣ
ػ
ҹδд󾪣ˮľ߶ˮһƬ֣죬ӭǻ꣬ͬʱΧʿҲͷŵֵޱߵܡ
䡭
ǻգײҹδˮҲ飬ǻڲϵرƽ
ˡ
𵴣һƬڱգǽȥȴһ޴ĽħƵӰݺݵײǻ֮ϡ
䡭
ǻ̻ͬʢ·䡣һ׵ľ޺ǰž޴Ľħƣͣſк
ᣡ
ҹδѸٵþڵĴڷ
ǹ
䡭
һ޴Ľǹ͸ǻ꣬͸Ǹ壬Ǹͷ­飬޴ȥ
ҹδʱתͷǸ޺ҹδžɫϲ
ܣ
ĸ磡
ֳֽħƵľ޺ԽŲһ٣תЦ
磬δ룡ǣ̫ˣ
Զȴֳ˿ɬҹδһ
ֲ֮˹
ڶԸһֻػҪžҹδ룬Ҳδȴû뵽ҹδ뱬Ĵ֮Ѿ
ҹδ뾿ʲôģ
Ǹոͻƴڰ
ôͻܣ
ҹδž֣Ѿû˻ʤİա
ҡ
Ǹ޺
žһҺ˽⣬ʦ˵
Ǹ޺۰
ûڷɽ
ǵ˺У
£
˻֣ѾܻܲʤˣǴ򲻴ùˡ
ӣսӵĲҡ
ԽԽ࣬ҲԽԽǿҲ˴ʿºʹѩɽ㳲˽ĸ߶Իڴˡ
һսʧܣ˽磬˽罫ҲûеֵȻʵʿ磬˽ȴĸأһݻ٣Ĵ޴
OO@@
ߺ棬ռѷܽĵϣͻȻðӣֻǲһϢʱ䣬ЩӱɢԭƽʵĵһһӰӶ˳һߣȻſռѷ챼Ӷȥ
ʱҹδ뿴ϳԼĶȻ
Ȼѷ˳ǵ֮ǰȡԼĴصʮࡣ
ǰҲҵһ壬ķ˲ʱգɱʮŸһ˻ǵࡣ
ǵĿ⵽ϵ࣬οصͷȻĿȻϣʮ˺ۣɼǣ
ˣ
࣡ȻչһЦǰڹǱ͵ϮʮŸ˻͵Ϯ뿪֮ʱһѾҳһƬһǱһܵʿ֣һ·׷ɱʧ˴ĹƳ棬˳
žͺãǵ̾ϢһһӵпռͨΪӵ࣬ʺϷռѷġʮſ࣬ͲؼȴѪҺˣηѷ֮󣬱һʶҲҪɢˡ
˰ɣ
Ժ֮䣬Ҳûң
Ȼֳ֮ɫǵҲĬ˼ϢȻٴοڵ
ȥǱߣ֪ͨ峷أ
ǣ
Ȼؿ˵һۣ֪һۣȻһԾԾ˿ռѷ֮С
ѣڼʿһԽռѷѾԷӡ峷롣
ˡ
ˣҹδȻף㡭
䡭
߱ˣ
˽ʿվʿѾ̫ûоִսˣֵܹڣѾһ漣Գ룬ſռѷӿȥ
ҪңʱڿдȣΪӪ룡
Ѿ˷ߣҪ̸ף
ڴʱķԶһӴϢϢʿʱжɫ䡣
ָˡ
Ϣǵأʿɪɪſռѷܵø죬޴ѷ춼Ϊ֮ӵ¡
ӣȴǵذѹֻ˲䣬ͽָɱҹδ룬ž䣬۰ԺǹһҲָΧҹδ뿴һѷѷǰ߱ӶĶ㡣
زȥˣ
ʮʱӵµĿռѷͻΧˡĿĴɨӡ
࣬һƬɽ


451 
磬ߣ
ȻԶӵȻһ㣬ˡ
Ҳ֪ȻûľƵƵڵĴڷеɫնͻȥ
ž۰ԾңǹӺγһ׶󣬺Ȼһײ˰ΧͻΧȥ
ǣͻһΧһΧǵܴʱ壬ԽǰԽ࣬Ѿһ塣ʿѾ뿪ſռѷӿȥ
ŷӵ壬ȻһƿǱƿƿڳ£ĹƳк£ͬһͬӹУȻûǱƿҲûڹƳ֮ڡ
Χ˲˹Ƴ棬ڵ淭ܿйƳǵ˳ǵͬһɱȥ
ЩƳмۣȻʧֻڵһЩɢҿһʿնĿǸſһ磬һһͷ˶֮ڣǶ˲䱻
Ȼڵ´ǰĹƳڳһͨȻڶ֫ٶ졣
оضڵ¶ڼٵ½ʶźӣ㿴һڿٴ׷Ŀз˼ڡĹƳѸٵؽɽŪס˺·
䡭
¡¡֮ѸƳ治ϵŪ󷽵ͨǱϵ¿ٳ
ϣҹδĸƴɱ˻ڷڿеЩʿûǣǶ˿ռѷǱߵ塣ʵϣе嶼ռѷ죬Ϊص㣬ֻҪסΪԴԴϹ˽ͷԣûԸҹδǵ˷ʱ䡣ֻҹδͻΧײʿʿǱڹҹδǡ

ڳҹδͻȻһȥĽ³һ󶴣ҹδĸصȥȻ
𶯣
Ȼĸһĸ˵ĹƳ棬ĸڵص׷ɿšҹδ뾫ӳȥŷֶǰü죬ڶǰĹƳ棬ͬɫĹڴͨһͨǵܼĹƳǷɿظ˶
䡭
˺֮ӹȥ˺Ǵ磬ĸǹ⣬ǵĹƳ棬ЩƳһһŪͨǶͨУȴ·ʲôڴͨԽԽͨڵ¶ڲϵؽ͡
ҹδľ͸ͨȻͿһ׷Ѿס
ҹδ뾫ϵ󱻹ƳŪͨӳ֣˲üӲ쳣
¡¡
׷ȴʯ赲ͨٶ˲
OO@@
ǰƳѸٿ·ͨڵҹδѸԶ룬Զ֮ͨϵرҹδӳ֣¡¡֮ʧϾֻһĴ
ɽɽ¡
䡭
淭ĹƳͬȪһӵص˳ܵ䣬ȪһĹƳ֮УӰһԾȴž䣬Ȼҹδ룬۰Ժǹ⡣
ǸһԾ㽫ĿԶսѾ٣ڲɱӵڿռѷ촦ʿžɫ䣬õҹδͻΧǱռѷ죬ʱؽȺӵ⣬նɱ
ô죿ǹ
˲ɽĿɨӣ۲ơžһ߹۲죬һ˵
Ȼսȴر֡Ȼ
˵ȸ߰ɡҶҪϤһЩ
䣬ȻŵɽϱӶȥž˽ں棬ȻдɣȻΪʲôϤʱѯ֮ʱ
ҹҹУȻʱظı䷽ҲǰܣҹѾԶ뵱Ŀռѷǧ֮⡣
һɽڡ
ûֻһҹδ벼ĵͽ󷨣Ӱ档˸ԿԼЯĸȻһ߾׽Ÿһ˵
ҵȥ˷ɽл˻ԵԵʦ˵ϽõǸơɽʧƱָϽƹʥأʦʦǸƹȵһƽ̡ʦѾ䣬ǵֻһʶ
ʦѧϰ꣬һգʦ˵ֱʣ˽˽ҪˣѹĿռѷҲʼȶˡͨռѷ죬Ǳ磬ȥѰһ壬ɱʮŸ˻ʿڳǵܹ࣬ӡѷ졣
ȴû뵽һǻˣƽ


452 ػ
Ȼ̾ϢһʦһͼŵֲȻǨѾ̫׼ȷȥһ壬˲ǴŻԡ
ԣҶҪϤһЩŵͼֱܹ淽򡣻УѾǵػ
ѷǱߣҹδ뵣ʵ
û£ʦ˵ˣѾܹӡֻǿ»һЩʿ
ܷӡͺã˵϶ֳ˷֮ɫ
㣬ĸ磬壬壬Ϣ𣿡
ȻܰԱɫ䣬æԵɣҹδ㽫˵һ顣˵鶼磬޷Ѱˡ죬ȻĿɨ˵Ҷ˵˵Լ״ɣҲԼΪ˵һ˵ұ˴˽⣬ԺҲܸõϡҰֺ壬飬ֻݺҡ
˵Ŀž䣬žпؽԼľ˵һ飬
ڵΪϸ۷壬ˡ
ٺ١۰ԲŴԴЦ磬㻹ˣҶ˻ˡ
žһЦ˵˵ɣô˺У
۰ϱֳΣԼľ˵һ飬ڵķǽħ
ҹδ¶ЦݣĺܿģԼҵ˶ĸ磬˵ҲţҲš
ҹδ㽫Լľ˵һ飬Ȼ˻ʹ۷塣
˽Ŀǹ⣬ǹЩ˼ҡΪֻͣԪ
Ȼͷ΢˼δʵҲ࣬˻ϸǹԪһСӣ粻ȴҲ
ȡһ򣬹עһĻ˵ǰȻָŹĻϵһ
ӦλãɽǮɽλЩ鷳
һ˵һĻϵĵͼȻָһߵأ֮ռݵĽܹأǰһ
˻˲ɵһôԶ彮Ĵ󷽣
ǣҲ󡣵ͼҲȫֻ˽һ֡
ȻĻϵĵͼ˿ڵͼϵıעУڵͼĶұǶҲֻռ˺Сһ齮֮彮
Ҳ֣ԭ磬ܹռһطѾܲˡڵĵطڵͼϲжελãͼĽڵĵطȷʵ󷽣˵ػڽϽľ롣Ƕ֪ڵͼϿʵϾǳңԶ
㣬زֹҹδ뿪ڵ
ȻɫһϲҲ˽⣿
ҹδҡͷֻƽ̺ͽϸ˵ԭѾʮֻֻʣ˾
ռݵĽҲͼǾ彮ˡҪľǼƻһ£;ȥءȻϲ
۰ԱŽħţһԲƻʲôģ޹ء˶Ҳ˽⣬ҲûģĸСʱվȴǺߣߵϲıԵΪԽڱԵ岿䣬ʵԽǵԵ֮ȻűԵӴ·ǰء
ǵʵǿʵϱʵǿʿҲ彮ҡ
ҲŸ·ž·;ңԶļ顣ÿʱ䲻̣֮ٸ·ȫһγ
ã˾ǵͷ˾һܹ໥ÿ˶ţֻҪǲǵأΪضһ
ž̧ͷһҹɫȻۣδ룬Ҫβ˻
Ȼ۰ԺҹδȺԼͻ˻ľϸһ飬ȻͬǱԴһ¡ž꣬ĿϸϸĦ
ǹѯʣοϣһһǹҲĿϸϸĦҹδ۰ȻѯͻƵػľ飬Ȼϸһ顣ҹδ۰ҲĿϸϸĦ
ȻҪػͱԨ
Գɿռ䣬ռ䣬ʮ˲㡣ÿһռ䶼еħ³
³ƾã㵮ǣԴؾΪʳΪħ
ʿҪͻƵػҪΪʶ¿ռ䣬նɱħȡؾʶ֮УܹͻƵػ֮һĵػ
ʮ˲ռ䣬ħһһԽĵħڵĴؾƷԽߡʿȴشʮ˲㡣
ػоء
һضӦһؿռ䣬ֻҪ򴩾Ųռ䣬ȡ㹻Ĵؾ۵ػͻƵػĵػÿһ㣬ȡһؾػܱ߳һ㣬ʿŶһ㣬ȡƷߵĴؾ͸ǿĵػ
ǣܹ˻ǼѣҪ򴩸ĴؿռʮּѡܶʿڴؿռڱħʶԴʿǴ򴩾ŲͨػŲ֮ϣϾ
ҲĲʿҪ򴩸Ĵؿռ䣬䡣


453 
νˮģġ
˵дʮ˲ؿռɾ͵ػʿȴëǣ޼
ڰҹδǰĲǴ򴩼ؿռ䣬νתʶ
Ȼ˵úףǲϵʶڵľڵ̬תҺ̬Ȼ»蹬γҺҺǸ߳;ĴڣΪʶ
Ȼ֮ôʹﵽ˵ػΪǸָ㣬ڶ̶̵ļ䣬ﵽ˵ػΪĶָܵͰҹδûСֻԼȥȥĥ
ȻҲûдʮ˲㣬Ǹİ£ȴҲʮ㡣ڵػУʵǿ
ˣҹδͼˡ
ÿһǳȻľнĲ㡣ҹδٶȣҪĲ㹹α໹Ҫʱ䡣
ÿǳʱ䲢ҪãͷͿԡαԼҲʱ㲻ˡʣµĴʱ䶼ľн
ڵľнתѾɣһҪԲ硣
ֻǡ
ûа취ʶٶ

дܰæûС
ԣ
У
нһ
ҹδ̽ʶͶ뵽һ㡣
һ
δ룡һƮ˹
ܹʶתø죿
һ˼ˣֻʮѨϣѾŶ;أӦҺĺܿ죬ԼиʮҾͿˡһⰡҪʮһѨڵתҺ̬Ҫռݿռ߳ɡ¾ҪܾˡѨϵһöʮͿˡѨϷѶȷ˲ֹһҪҺûʮ겻ɡ
ҹδиûкð취𣿡
УһͷԽõĹٶԽ졣֪ʲôãﵹмõĹ͸ޡ
ǳҼǵú˵
ǳԣˡһüͷǳȻǺùٶȱͨʿʮֹ
ҹδ۾һ˵ҵľһͿԻҺҲԴﵽҺ
ô˵һҡͷٶǿ죬ĵʶѨϺҲ󰡡
ҹδɫһ͡
˵ľҺӦͲ࣬ҺӦʮꡣ
Ҫôð
ҪͻƵػһͻȻӦ˹
ţҹδͷ
ҪסһҪҺռݵʶѨϺϵ߳ɣﵽԲſȥؿռ䣬ɱħǳЧ˵ܹ뵽ʮ㣬ʮ߲㣬ǿػ
Ϊʲô߳ɣ˳ɲ𣿻ʮɣ
һҡͷʶѨϺϿռ䲻ʮɵģǻҺԲҲ̬߳Һ̬
Ŷҹδ漴ʱſ˹֮⣬ʲô취
ǾĵرˣʥˡҪԵҪеġ
ûа취ˣ
ûУ
ûУ
ûУһҡͷڲڵʵûĵر
뿪ˡ硣
磿ˣ
ţҹδ㽫ϸ˵һ顣һ꣬˷δ룬Ժ蹬һߣȻѷڿһߴٽһ죬ұԿ棬Ҳܹ֪棬ĵرܹ㡣
һ߰϶һ죿ᱻ˿ġų᲻ɢ
ų϶УȻɢǻʵ½ɢ
죿
Ҫѷȥڲϣ
ǲУҪ棬ô
Ǿû취ˡˣ㲻һ̫𣿻𣿡
ڣһֱûù
Ǿˡ̫ѾҪʱʶˣ·ʱ̫棬ҷ̫Сұܹ֪棬һС
ð취
ҹδ룬һü֮кͬһ¡ĸ˾ѣȵ̫̫ѸٵСҹδ̧ƣ̫ģһҹδ̫
һ̫ҾͲʶˣҾ䡣
ãѾװ̫ڵĽϲܹ֪Ϳ磬á
δ룬ʲôžʵ
̫һַ
Ŷ
ĸ˲׷ʣһ۾ҹδҲʼǳ


454 
˱㿪ʼСغᴩϲ磬ٶһЩҲСȻԶԶͷĹƳ棬ռŸϢ岿䣬·壬ǵ壬ҲǾܵıⷢͻ塣ʵڶ㲻ȥһӵϣٶȸɵʿȻԶݡ
Ȼ׵ĹƳ棬һ·ϵûΣգֻʱҪ·ٶһЩǰͰĸ·Ͱ
ǹĸΪԶʿõַָ㣬ʮ֮ڿ˵һϡ˵һеڶǹԼܹܿʮϡ
žҲÿʱؽԼĵúԼĵܵýǳһƽ˻
Ȼ۰ԺҹδûʲôڸԶǻ۵Ḷ́
һա
һУȻɫѿžʵȻôˣ
ȻɫЩ㲣뵽İΧˡ
Χô᣿ž侪ʡ
Ҳ֪ȻҡͷԭƳ̽飬ûµģͻȻ֮䣬Χͳ˺ܶ塣
ҹδ˼ŵӦûзǣץǵġ˵岿ʲôף岿俪ս
ҲԣžһĴȵ򣬲ͻȻͳˡһֱϣ֮ǰ̽ΪԶû
ô죿ҶһЩǹʵûзǣһҲᷢǡ
򵥡Ȼг񣺡ǾͶڵ£ùƳڵ¿Զ롣
ҹδ΢΢ҡͷڵ»ԣҿϢڱǵϢڵ¿ͨĽŵ͸˵ᱻ巢֡
˷׷׵ͷžİǾͶڵ£Щȥ
У
˵ɾ͸ɣȻųһЩƳڶ˾Ǳ˵£ǱԼʮףЩƳڳһңҹδͷϵӹ˵ҵʯȻǿŹƳ潫ϵĶһкۼҹδڵ񶴿ͷ˷ӹ̣ͷϢڱ˵Ϣ
ȻͷųƳ״Ȼ󼸸˱ϥ
Լȥ˰ʱȻ죬涼΢΢
ˣҹδ˶ɽĿȻ
һȻյ˹ƳϢͷδ²Ķԣ岿ˡ

˶һȻ岿ǰضŴսͺˡ
㣬ܹ嶼ʲôΪ𣿡
ȻҡҡͷƳ̽飬ҲֻܹŵѶϢûôϸ
ȻǾػжԶǹʵ
Ȼȡͼ鿴ȻڻںϲıԵߣڸտʼϲԵͲԶʱ䣬ǾܹϲıԵ
ϲԵӦһЩɣ
ӦǣνϲԵʵϲϲԵָϲ岿ıԵҲ˵ߣû岿䡣ԽǱԵشҲԽҲŲԸΪϢأֻĲûа취˵ԵشҲ׶֮أȻһЩĴڣҲʿη塣ԣǵǵҪ˾Ͳˣն滷
˾ǵͷ黹ɲ١ֻҪĴ󷽣巢֣԰ȫࡣ
ȻͻȻž䣬ž䱻ȻЩ£
Ȼ㿴ʲô
磡Ȼɫ棺Ҵϸ֪һϢֻϢأֻżй¶һ˿Ҳȷط굽ڣϢΣÿβһϢһҸ֪ˡǲģ磬ǲǡ
žž̧ͷһԼĶͷط֮󣬾һֱǱӣ¶ˡ
ҹδһ
԰
ǽ˹洫ӦܹγڵĹƳɣ
Ȼȴɫ䣺磬йˣ
ţ
ž㽫ԼйƵϸ˵һȻž˵꣬Ȼȴüͷ˼Ƭ̵
԰ƹȵĴͳÿһʥŮıضǽƣĸ˫ơ˵Ӧø½ӹƣ֮ǰй¶Ϣǽư
ԣ
Ȼü䣺ƺһ˿ƵϢǹƳϢй¶̫ˣЩѲ׼
취
ȻӴȡһƿɣ
ţӦǡ
ˣ¡


455 ĸ
ž佫ˣȻƽڵϡҲΧ˹ȻСƿžദһЩĩ
ֻ˲䣬žüͷšȻ˾ͿžദȻһֻƳ˳һ룬̰ʳЩĩ
ǹƳǽɫڽɫŻ͸˿߻ơԵøӹ죬ȻҲûжôؿǸƳ棬Ҳס˺Ϣʱ䣬ǸƳͽؿϵķĩʳһգȻࡣ
žڵϣȻôʲôˣ
Ȼüͷ˼һӦǽƣֻƺˡ
ǣôأ
ڼžҶˣصȻžƽЦ
ȻǲǺ鷳
磬ȱ𳳣롣
ȻûпžһۣһֱԼ˼С
䡭
ͷսںǵȴһƬžֻǽŵղڵ֮ϵĲ䡣
ȻͻȻž磬ǲʲô
žҡͷûа
ôûУȻԻˣûзͻȻʲô仯
Уžͷ
ʲô仯
ǸоҵͻȻˡ˵ѩɽӦǺȻͷŵĵȴߵ֮·֪Ϊʲô
ʲôʱʼģڵϸ˵һ飬©һ
žͷϴ˵Լľʱ˵òϸοϸˡ˵꣬Ȼü
磬϶Լȴ֪
˵óһ̣ϿŷµͼҹδǶĽһеʦôడֻһʶѹռѷ죬ôö

ȻȡһذףžָƣһѪǸϣǵѪܿУȻϵͼԼϢʱ䣬âȥȴԳĸ֣
Ѫ
ȻȻ̧ͷ磬ǾѪ
ѪžЩԺʲô𣿡
ȻˣȻֳ֮ɫʮѪеֲýƱˣΪʳѪ
ǣ˵˵Ѫʲôģžʵ
һǧ˵
԰žҡͷ֮ǰûиожڵʱ򻹺²ͻƣϳ
˵ɫһˣҺͻȻͱʲôʱԵˣ
ô֪
ǲҪȻ̣ЦݵѾǾѪˣùΪʲôʱԵˣ㶼֪
Ƴܹȡ𣿡žεȻ
ûбҪȻСһӵûб죬ȡĻ诿ƣΪӹƣǸĸơ
Ƴ说СԼľѪιģĸƶ诵ĿơӹڣֻҪڰ֮ڣͻиӦ̶ͨĸƿ㡣
ǣӦͨѪʮѪ˵ʵ磬һǵһμʮѪⶼΪ˵ˣ˵ûУǼΪϡ١ľѪιƣѪҺڵȼϺ;Ѫ̫ԶԣľѪ󣬷˱졣ʱ򣬽Ѿʼˡ
ңžڵһҡоȣ
磡
ȻЦˣѾܾûôЦˣƽȻͲԸЦΪ䣬һֱΪδ뱼ѰҽҹδķȥЦ֪ҹδ벡ˣѵõЦһЩӣǷɽһֱڡһЦȴ谵ĵҷ·ս⣬ǹⶼɵˣ
ȻЦÿ
Ȼһۣž磬ûңɻ诵Ŀƣңܹ诡诵ĹƵұһӡ
һᴫƵƵܸӣ㲻ѧôֻ࣬ѧιڹƳͿƹƳСڵĽѪһ诵ѪһǴľѪѪѾѹ诵Ѫֻ㲻þѪԣڵ״ǣ诵ѪǻģѪڽǳ˯ġҴĹڽڵľѪѪͻ᳹ѹ诵Ѫ̶ȫƽơΪѪǿڵĽƻԽԽǿճԽڵĸƣĸƣڵĿӹơ
žϲҪã


456 
һɡȻ˼һµԣһ꣬㲻Ҫ诽ӴҲӴϣ磬˽硣
죬ڸҡžȲˡ
ã
ȻҲûбܻҹδˣ㿪ʼڸžƵķʵҲûбҪܻ䣬ڸžĹֻǹƵкһ֣ҹδҲûãҲûйƳ档
䡭
һ룬ͷͻȻ˾ҵĺͷ𶯣Ȼҹδ벼Ϣˡǵͷϱһӣ¶˳
ǲ̧ͷȥһҲ𾪵صͷǡǸԣһѾ塣ԭɺ˵档
䡭
ҹδһӦ˹ڵķһͽǸû
㣬ߣ
ȻͷųƳ棬ڵص׿ͨͨԶȥ
䡭
ǸĴ˵ڱըĴϣ󶴳һƬ𺣡廹û˹鿴Ҳû˷ҹδǡֻǸˣһҲڸ˵ض˫սûи֪·͵͵ǱӡҲûܵϵĴʿԭΪߵҲ컨ò˵ԽԵʵԽ͡
ҹδǰȫˣϷıԵȻ˳岿ıԵն񻷾ıԵ룬ǿʼ١
һա
һѾ˳űԵʮ죬Ҫ߳Ϸ뵽ˡ
ʱɽбӣȻƳ̽飬ɵնɱһЩޣǵɽ

˳³һվڸ߷壬Ҫ쳤ХֻǲңΨкݺݵ³һйԼе
ǱߣҹδͻȻɽ࣬Լʮңһɽ壬ɽ֮Ͼʱֵʢɽ̺죬Ϊҹδһʱ֮䲻
žҲ˹ȥΪֹ
ȻʱȻȥ
о㶼¶֮ɫȴҲ֪ȥȥڵûʸ֦һ԰ȫΪһǰΪ
￴ƹ˭֪᲻ĪΣգ
߰ɣžʵǿˣ
ã
ɽ֮±Ӷȥ
һɽ֮ϣʱֶһ꣬ݿʣ޳Ƿǣֻվ֮ơʱ˾ϲŵǡվһ̺ȹòŮӣʱĿҲҹδ˵ϣ˵
ҪҪҰץ飿
ȥеļɫȻ飬ԸҺθɣ
欶죺ˣҲ˴ֻǴһ˲ҲˣӲġ
Ŀ
΢΢̾Ϣһû뵽ŻУҶ֮󣬾Ȼ֡ҵҲûŪףôܣ
뵱ҲץٵʿҲǷɱǡҲûмҶ֣ôֻж㣿
˵ҲΪЩ˶ɱˣǻŵİɣɱˣҲͽе֡
ûô򵥣źÿüëƻƻԭڣҵǸƺҲԤϵܹƻ˭ƻ˭ͻеռƣһ˱֡ɱ㣬Ҳòʲô³ҡ
̾Ϣһ֣Ҳ²ȥְҰɣǾڴһһʲô壬ʲô壬Ǻθɣ
ҹδȫȻ֪ǺʵǵΪˡΪʲôĳϣ
ΪǶţҹδҲǴΪˣ
ҹޣͣ
ΪߵĵػȻںʵ֮УϾ䣬ڶ̶̵ļ䣬ﵽػȻǸܰ飬ھڲϵغʵ磬ںʵ֮ǰҪͻƵ컨һϷûС
û취粻ȡ
Ϊڵڶľҹδ۰ԡ
ҹδÿ춼ڷڹзһḶ́һָһջ񣬵ʱˮɡΪʵҲȻһ⣬Щ顣
ǣҪȻȹ̵ö࣬ϾǿԼһƴɱͻƵģھ纻ʵҲûãҪǾҺתΪʶҺûʲô˵ģֻÿǳһˮĥʲôʱܹҺҹδԼ֪ʮ׼
ǣľתﵽԲ֮ȻԼڵ;ٶһҲ˵ҹδ뾫ҺҪʮĻͿˡȻҲ꣬꣬ʮ꣬ΪͲ֪ԼʲôʱܹҺǺϢٶһ


457 ӹ
ҪľкһʼںСֻǿʼһ죬ʶһΪѵĹ̡
ǽеĽľˮԲͿȥںеģҪľˮ֮˵Ĺϵ
ҪǸˣһûиʮʮ꣬ţ⻹Ƕ콾츳΢һģ˵ð꣬ͨʿһӶˣ
Ƕҹδ˵Ȼ֪һѵḶ́ȴ԰ġΪ˻ź
ܲ
ܹзαˡ

ǣǱϾǷҪתɶ򣬻Ҫһ̡ȻԴͬ䲻ڣҹδҪľǸǸ䣬ǱԴֻѾ˱ԴڴӱԴƣҹδûɶ䡣ܰģоò˶ãԼͻкһͻơ
ȵĻ۰ԣҲ֪ʦô̵ģ۰ԵԸ񵥴ȡҲûãҲҪĥʱ仯ҺԣȻҹδ۰⽫һµʱ䣬ûʲôʵԵ
¾ž䣬žܴܵõİ£ԴİҲоĴڣοһռ䣬Ϊأֱ˻ʱΪýѾ˲С
ǹǽ͸ˣΪֻǿϣҲ͵һϼһЩȵһо飬ĸΪߵģָ㣬Ѿȫʮϣ׼蹬ˡ
һա
Ѱһɽȣҹδ벼󷨣ĸ˰ǹΧм䣬ҹδռȡһƿҺֻȡĹЩ鷳ǰѷʶȻռȡҺڻҺʼӷ̬˲䣬װڣȻٰѷӷȡװƿ
ǹҪʼ蹬
ǹм䣬ҹδƿӣΧҹδʯ˾ĸԴǹоֻʣ˸жζûҲпһ졣
˼ƽȻʼ衣
֮
ǹ⿪ɹ蹬ϸˡҹδ벻һҹδֱӰѷŽ蹬ϸûУֻա
Ѿǹ˻ˣĻҲңܹΪһϸʿ
ϸʿ
뵱׽ʱǶĴڣǾԵĸ֡
ϷǱʮ죬ܹԽϷ뵽ˡһ뵽ؾͽˡ
Ǳ֮Уǰ֮ⲻһ㡣˵ʵǶܾûˣΪڱԵشУߵǳɽ룬ȻȻӣβˡ
һȺȭͷСӣҹδͷŷ棬ȻͣͷŷڵĻԷľͱӸˡ
˺֣ܶȻĹƳҲ˲Σôˣǻǵһ
ǣ˾ϢŴ򶷵ķǱйȥҪ֣Ǵ򶷾ǰеıؾ֮ͽϡ·Ҫķʱ⣬ԣҪȥԷʵ̫ǿǾ·ǿ͸ɵԷ
ǰһ̶Ӻ˴̽ͷǰȥ
ǰһͱڣʱڰУһһ޽
δؾͱеǿĺܣֻǱ޶ǻۡʱǸԵľһǸӲͱڵɽУ¶ȴˮô֣Դòͷϻŷ˿˿ʮ־㤡

ӹҹδȻĿ̰
ʣµļ˴ʱҲھԶͱϣһø߲ߵССϽžſָ״ɫʵֻǲ֪ʲô
ˣǹһֱ׽磬۽̫ˡ۰Դ񣬽Ҳ˽Ӵڸ˵ʵӻʺŹҪǴڸһЩ֪ʶϽסˣˡԽҲˡžڵ̫̣ڴѩɽҲֻ֪ʶĲ
ҹδȻͲͬˣǸǸ˴֪ʶҹδڵ˴鼮Ȼʶӹ
ӹҲоϹ
ΪһֻŸʵһɫġؼǣһֻһιʵͿŹʵժ֮ҲˡҲоӹ
ӹʲôžʵ
ʺڵңδʹܡȻ仰˵ʺ˻ػ컨Ρ˵δʹܣ˾ӹԸ;Һ


458 
⡭öž伸۾ҲˣǸʲôΪӹ˵ǵΪӦòܵɣ
ȻһüҸߣӦ컨
һ£˶üͷ
컨
ϣҲûնԸһοǸ
ȻüͷҪӹͱ̶̵֣ʱڸɵ컨˾ӹܡΪֵöЩ˵ٵһбĴǾͳû˻ᡣ
ҲûлᰡǹҡͷǸͶԸ컨
˲һ٣Եǰȴò
лᣡҹδ
ʲô᣿˲ɽĿⶼҹδϡ
һ̫ڵ˻Ǹ컨Ӧܹסһ˲һ̫͵͵סǸǸض̽ȥ̽Ǹ˲䣬ҺͶͳȥǸǿĹ赲ǸĸٶǸӹ˾ܣǸܾˡ
Σ𣿡žǵ
ΣգֵãҹδᶨһӹҪ˵ļƣٵȱ˿ڣ̵
㣬ĸ磬׼
ãȻ۰Ӧ
ҹδ̧ƣĵ̫𣬻һĹ⣬ſзȥҹδǸȻһеһâ˲Ŵֳ̫ģǸĺ󱳡
ǸӾһ̫ʱˣء
һ
ܹʹ£֤Ǹ˵Ҳ˶١ԾǴһ˲䣬һڰǴˡ
Ҳ컨
ǱˣһҲˣһ̣뿪̫䣬ʱͻָˣɽרĶԸĴʱҹδѾ˳ȥˡ
ҹδȻֱɽžֱǿþӹ
ǸŶĴˣ֮ǰҲûзҹδǣɽûзҹδǡ
ǵȵҹδ˿ʼͱϷݵʱǸᵽϢ㽫ͷ­ٴδɽ̽˳
ո̽ͷһ澵˹ʱһ
ҹδǵΪǲǸҹδôҲ˻οȻػ
ǵٶȻǷǳģʱƴˡǸ̽ͷһ˲䣬Ѿǰͬʱ̽˫ۡ
ҪûжסȫܵġǴʱȴش˽ȥʱ۰Ѿֱ˲Զľӹһץס˲ߵľӹǿֱֲӰѾӹ˳
ಡ
žǹûֻܡҹδȻ۰԰ͣٵʱ䣬ѾԽˣͱڶԽȥ
𡭡
˵һʹ𣬶ʱҹδȻҲγ˳ͱڶԽȥμȥͬʱҹδ뾫ڵǧ
䡭
ǧͷϣ˵ˡ
ಡ
ҹδѾͱڣȻɽ¿񱼶ȥܿʧӰһܾ˰죬˲ѡһɽͣʱtû׷

һ˫ַ˫ϥ괭ŴͬʱԻؼһҪܵĿɲһٵΣաڵģĲսʱ
ûΣգž
ȻûΣգ
ܰԣûΣա
ҹδ룺ûΣգ
ǹ⣺ûΣգ
ͨͨ
˸һƨ˵ϣϵĽ֮ɫʧЦݡֻǿŲҷЦ
ϢƬ̣ҹδǿƣɽϲһܹǿ󷨣ȻŷĵпʼϢ
̫׹ҹ١˵Ϣָ۷壬۾۰ԴӴȡǿþӹ˶ĿžӹȻ˵Ŀֻҹδϡ
ҹδһ£Ҹɶ
һ㣬ҹδûиɹСӣž㺬Ц͵
δ룬СӵĹأõ֮󣬳зȨȻҲ÷ʣСӵľɢˡεõӹԷȨ㡣Ͻ˵һ䷽


459 Һ
ҹδ룬ժӹһž䣬һǹ
һһŽ˻֮á
žǹ˵ûг˵ûʸõӹġҲһСӣСӵĹأȻûʸõӹСҲһЩԴǲҹδֱӸ˾ӹбõ
ҲûƴǣΪǲСӣһˡǹںҲûɶ
˻ʣ߿žӹҹδժĿţȻ۰ԸţԼȻ۰ȻҲܸˡ󿴵ҹδһӹԣȻæ
Ҫ
ҹδȻ԰׼ˡ
Ȼֹδ룬ŰɡȵǱߣʦѾӹƳɾӵЧҪֱӳԾӹ߳һ
ҹδ룬ȴҡͷߵǱߣӹƳɾӵЧһҪ߲Ǳأ
Ȼɫһ㣬΢΢üͷ˼ҹδ˵
ΧΣգܹһΪһ˿ҲǶһ˿ϡԴǸΪģҪġҲΪˣܹõıء
ȻһԼСˣҪȳһţһţ
߻أǱߵҹδѾһڸӹˡ۰ԸĲ࣬δ˵Ķ԰öϳԣŸ
һˣĶǱ˵ġҲȡһţˡȻɿЦԼ˼ˣûδʹܴ⣬ҲһڳԵһšžǹ⿴۲ڵΪûгԵʸ񣬱һҪս˻
ҹδ뽫ǿžӹ֮󣬱̸о˲ͬ
һŹӣֱ޾;С硣
ֱǡ̫ˣ
ҹδʱ˲ˣתǳǾӹеת죬뵤ʮһѨϡ̲صľ뵽ʶʮγɵС
ҲĶǼΪĹܹһžӹűˡ

žǹⶼܹڴһˡжȣ
ˣ
˲֪ʲôʱ򣬸ɣԸʲôΣս١
žǹ۾գעܡ
һ졣
졣
졣
һֱ˵죬ڵĺӿŽʧžǹⲻɽĿˡ
ҹδû˫ۣǿʼԼڡ
ʶʮһѨϺʮڣѾɻҺо˾޴̲Լڣʵоٱ֮ǰһҲ˵ֻͷһܶҪ֮ǰһ
蹬
ԭ蹬ֻգϵʮǳҲֻɽ
Ǵʱȴ˺Ǻ;ں֮Һɵʶ̲֮֮ҹδоԼӵˣشø
ֻɻҺﵽ߳ɵԲ֮أ
ҹδϲã˫ִۣҲ۾˫ۣȻʵ
ô
ҺɣֻǾЩ飬Ҫʵһʱ䣬ٳԵڶšأ
Ȼ۰Բɫ΢䣬۰ò࣬ڵδ룬ôô˰ҶҺɣٳһţܹԲˡ
Ȼ㶮ƨΪδĵʶѨϺϱʵǿ
۰Ŵ͡
Ȼؿҹδһ۵ҵʶҲõ˽һѹٳһţܹһ־ˡ
ɫһϲӹ׬ˡ
ȻֿڵڶžӹȲҪųԣȾ纻ʵһЩ˵
ţҹδ۰Զͷ
ߣžվȥء
ҹδ󷨣ٴ̡֮ǽ뵽ֻռݶĽֻдԼ֮һҪﶫҪµʱ䡣Ҳÿ˵ΪǻǼߣԵʵҪͺֻܶ࣬ҪԱţܹȥοȻĹƳ̽·
ΪǵΪˣҲˣʼٵ̽һЩΧĻѰһЩԴ
岻ǳ˶һЩĵرȤֱӳˣڲĵرĲҩ֮ģûȤЩҩһʵݡԣҹδǾһ˴Ĳҩ


460 ھ
ЩҩɲͨĲҩ岻һ¶õǱߣǾǱˣвٲҩǽĵرĲҩ˵ҹδһ׬ˡ
ž䣬۰ԺǹֻǸһҲ󣬲ʱ䣬װġ
ҹδȻˣиһָǴָʹˣҹδָһٸȻǸָ󡣿Ǽˣһº˵ĴָҲˡ
ⲻҪҹδ뻹зڵķȻαװһĴռ䣬һĲ㡣ҹδװȻǶĽ
Ҿһµʱž䲻źͼռ䣬ݱףžѾﵽʱܹͻ˻ľ硣
ǲͻƣ磬ֳ̫Σˡ
ԣžҲֻţȵ彮Ѱͻơ
ֹȥһ£ҹδǲõ˸ĲҩõһЩĵرʹҩЩĵرĲҩͲܹõģܵԺľܹõġ
ĺ󷽣һǱĵطҲ岻̫ЩЩǱߣͱժˣʦ˵ҩ
һա
˶һεɽУǹΧм䡣ǹЩӶ½½عϸ쵽ؼʱҹδĸΪ

ǹ⻺³һϵĽɫҹδĸҲ
ô
ͲһˣһӾܹɹǹ۾Ծ˷ܡ
žһͻơͻ˻ĶСͻȻϸĶҲСһȥɡ
ЩʱգȻҹδ۰ԵľҲʵˡž䣬ǹ㿪ʼΪȡһžӹҪ
Ȼеľӹ¶᣺δ룬ҪŵȥɵҩɡЩʱǶʵ˾磬ҲѻҺһѹˡڵĻҺҲֻʣĳɣҲֻɰ˰ɣƳɵҩܾܹһλػˡֱӳԣȴﲻЧ
ҹδҡҡͷǶһƬİȫ˽еʿӹɲͨĵرǵأҲó˸ǲժЩҩóҪǵؿ˵ԣʧһЩЧȻʱȥĥ磬Ҳȥðա
Ʋ¶ףͨ˶֪ĵʿӲƽ͡
οǻժһЩҩֱӳˣҲܹǵľ磬ֻȾӹЧһЩʱ΢һЩǱ֮ǰûЩҩѾõ̫ࡣ
Ȼ룬ͷ̫̰ˡ
䣬㽫ǸӹȥҹδܰҲȥɽڼž
һȥ
ҹδ½ҹδԼڵĻҺ壬뻯Һ߳ɻһ塣Ⱦ纻ʵһѹҺܹҺɣһžӹӦܹﵽ߳ɻҺ
߳ɻҺ˻ԲԳͻƵػˡ
㣬ô
ȻҲԾżžٷ֮һ
ֻǾٷ֮һʮ־ʼľΪѡųɵػʿʼôҺǵ
ǣһ˳ɹĿʼǸżñӣԺ󾧻࣬ٶҲࡣ
ĸأ
߳ɣ۰ЦΪӹ̫ȣõ˽һѹƵҾ纻ʵʧ֣廯Һиܹﵽ߳Բ硣δ룬أ
ҹƳһžӹͲˡ
Ϣһҹٴ̣жյأҲܹٵͻơ
ھء
ԶԶأҹδѾΰĳǽǳǽ߳ʮɡ

һͷ
ǽǽ̻ŷµķƣڳǽܹtڣǳ˲tڣҲ˼ԭܼ򵥣ҹδ߹ģصıԵѾ壬ǿޡ
ж󰡣
ҹδ˶ƲסԼļӴأֻǺε
ʱк͵˵ھؾǰߣɭϣΣ֮أҲ׬ȡԴ֮أ̫ʿðգеŶڵھŻݣҲפ㡣ΪԼŵṩźͰĵطͬʱҲյӵĵط
ҲкܶɢޣҸкܶСĳʱ㣬ΪĳԭưˣɢˡЩСŵĵҲɢޡѾռݽ꣬Щͷ˲֪ٴӵ˴壬ȻҲ˴ɢޡ


461 
Ϊɢиԭ򣬵ɢоųɶΪʲãٵʱ򣬱žܾһһġҲɾͲߣǲῴЩʿģҪţСţҲҪһɵɢ츳ʲֿϳԿ࣬һԵΪ͡Щפ㣬ҪЩɢޡ
أˣ
ҹδ뼸˷ܵĴ󺰣ųǽӶȥ
ųǽ죬ſһšֻʮߵһ
Ŷҹδ˿˽ʿһɢѪɷ֮͸һֱ뺷ʿҹδһۣҲٹעΪǴҹδ˵Ҳ֪Ѫɷ֮紩С꣬Σգ˵ôûѪɷ֮
һͲǣ
ڳŵϷһ廯δţضᱻΡ
ҹδ˸߲ҵ߽˳ţǵҲû֣Ϊÿŵ˼ֱ飬سȥǰԴڿϣʱĽܹŻȻˡ
룬ûֺĳǣ
߽˳ţ㱻ǰľҪȶɳǴˣûȡнһֺӲɷĸоͬһ޴ޱ޼ʵľޡ
ѪȵսϢ
ǽϣϻŰ߲ѪգѾܹžˣɢѪȵζɼ幥أֱɱ˳ȥЩѪѪҲѪ
ҹδ˶Щˣ̫󣬲֪ȥĶ
Ҹջס°ɣȻһ¡žϾӥСӵĶӳʱ䳤ϴұͨǶʱ䣬߹طḻ˱žΪףŽֵһߣһѰҿջ
žһСеȵĿջ˽ȥһӭ
͹٣ס޻Ǵ⣿
סޡ
ǻ۾ַַַ͹Ҫס֣䣿
ʲôǮžʵ
ַһƷʯһ졣
ô󣿡žһ
󣡡ǻƼæ͵ַзƷ󡣡
ǻ࣡žͷȻûסַоȻкôзܹסʿİȫ
ǵַأ
ǻæַһһƷʯҲз󣬶ҺַķƷһƷ
ַһһƷʯһûо󡣡
ž룬ȡһеȣסַ䡣ס죬δ룬Ǯ
žûɶʯȻҲϵвٵǵıûʯǹ⵹Щҹδ͸ʯǲࡣ۰ԵǴ˲ʯǺҹδǾС׼ˡҹδ뵱ڵƴȡ˴ʯΪ뿪׼
ҹδȡ߿Ʒʯڹ̨ϣŪһʳ͵ҵķ䡣һЩϴˮ
ãüЦоȻǺܴ󷽣ҲǴ󷽣һӦøԼһСѰɣ
͹٣ˮַԡҡ
ҹδͷŻ¥ŵķ䡣סһ䣬Ůסһ䡣ҹδƿ֮󣬷ⷿĺֹܹסˣ
ס˶ˣ
ҹδȻȥϴ裬ϴ꣬·žҲϴãǻƱ˷ˡҹδȡһƷʯϵ
ǵһ֪ʲô˵
֣ǻüЦǿʯҪȥǼǣᷢÿһǱǵơʱھʲô飬ֱӴ͵ǵڡ
ȷ˵һ幥ǣϢ͵ÿ˵У̰еȥʲôط˭㲻ȥᱻɣŴרŴЩϢÿ˵С㲻أᷴû¡أӦԣǧŽߴָСʱ˵
ҪǲȥǼأžʵ
ȻҲԡ㲻Ǽǣسǳס޳Էû⣬Ҫͳʲôô˵ɣס޺ͳԷ㲻ǼǣûɶҲС
ǻϸ˵˺ܶ࣬Ȼ֮ˣҪι۹û⡣˭ι۹ⰡﲻΪԴ
ȻˣҲˣôУ
֮綴
Ƕǽ֮ϣɵھޣ󡣺ʿ޵ģ඼ҪͻƵˣȥһ


462 
һ棬ǿķʿͻƵʱӰȫһ棬ϣŨ滹Ʒͻͬмû޲ˡ
޵ңƷңҵȵȣǸ˵ֻҪ㲻۹εģֻҪסͳԷڵھرǴ粽С
Ҳ֪ʮִһʮ೤ľ޴ǽڵǳأֻǵھΨһһǳأȻʮ־޴󣬵ĿȺھرҲ൱ڵھسǽȵ֮һҲ˵ǽĳȣԽôĳǳء
ȴֻһ
ĵطأ
ˣ
ǽضΣÿ㽨һݡⱤݾǾӪҪǳô󣬶Զ磬Ϊפֻʿǲ١ǸǽʮɸߣҿҲʮţÿݼĳǽϣʿѲߣľ룬ʿ˵ҲͲӵʱ䡣
⻹ֻܣǷء
ǳǽ棬ǳغͱݵĺأ
ڵھغ͵ڰ֮䣬ŹأɽʿȻҲ
Щ˵Ƽһط
ھ̡
ƸǣǴھֵĵطعٷġĵطôǳʵթǸֶԹһЩǣǵһʿȥ˱ĵطĶ˵ȵھŻΪƭˡ
ǵһҪȥľǵȼȻȥھ̡㾶ֱܿÿϴһֱھ̡
ǶӻˣҲۡ˵ʵǮҲԹƽؼǶģû١ھҪĶ˽硣
ҹδ뻨ʯһÿһݡЩԼܹ̽ĵطճһͼҹδ빺ݡҲܻһҪÿһݡж棬壬ǱߵֲʯҩȵȵķֲϢĽܡҹδҲݣһһݡ
ܵĵͼϣôϸ
ҪϸҲУ
ԣҹδֹÿһڵĵͼϢרǱߵϸͼϢƷʯҲͳȥˡ
ҹδжʯ
в٣ڵڷ·׼һԴʯô٣
ƷƷƷʯԴһ򡣵ҹδоԼҲࡣ͹˼ͼϢƷʯûˡڵھ̿ˣƷĵҲϹˡȻҲб˵ģǶƷͲˡ
澲ģ˾һ𣬸Կŵͼ͸Ϣһ죬Ҷڷķˡʱ䣬ǵ˽Ϊӡ
ž̧ͷѾһΪӡҵĹ۵ǣǲܵɢޣɢ̫ˣҪš
ҹδͷڵһʱ䣬ĲɢܹȵġţǲܹߵøԶ
ٴη׷׵ͷ
žа˴һţ£ƽ̣̣ڣڣɽںͺڡ
˴ŵĹһģŷ۵ӣŵӺŵӡϸĺڵΪû̫ϵ
۵ӾͲ˵ˣǵĻ֣ʮǰΪﵽϸͿţʮǰﵽ˻Ϳš
ʮ꣬ϾͿͻƵ˻Ȼʮ꣬ػǹʮ꣬ϾͿϸܶʮ꣬˻δʮ꣬˻
ңȻδʹܶԽκһһŵšǹⲻУҲȥ
ǹⲻȻͷʵʱͻѾˣǶҹδṩԴֻ֮˴Դһ·ͻƵϸϾһֱڷ磬ﲻһŵҪ
ҹδž䣬ǲţźͼ磬ΪҲ͡Ȼǰܹգ۰ҲŴ¡
ž俴һǹǹ⣬ͻ˻ҪԴôҪԣʱڣͻƵ˻
֪ǹЩį
ǣžֵЩϽǹΪû˿⡣ΪţʮǰﵽϸͿԽš
ڸǸŰɡ
ּž
ķֲģڵغĽϣֻа˸ţǰ˴һţҲûŴڣеֻһ塣ԵΪģǰơ͵صĽǶšߺ͵ؽжţڰ˺͵ڶضǲźͼ塣ھź͵һûʲôţÿضפص㡣


463 ѡ
ھôΪֱ磬ǰߡûʲôţǴʵǿʿػأȥԣѰԴҩʯȵȡʣµľǾӪȻҲдļ壬ɢޣӣĲˡڴ˷ܽ꣬Ȼ츳̫ˣ˾ͳΪĵײ㣬ΪʿĹֵصȵȡ
һҲҪΪһأһǰĹؿһƵһؾ͵ø壬Ϊȡʱ䡣ԣ͵ھŹزֻ࣬ʵûеھŹôǿ
ҹδ˵ĿȻǶŵصİ˴һšȿڵȴǹ⣺
ȥڣ
ڣ̧ͷǹ⡣
ţǹͷδ˵εķڵķͽһҾͦʺҡ
ҹδԣ
Ȼʵûʲôѡֻȥƽ̣ܹҾ
Ԥϣû֡۰ԵҲֻȥ¡
ٴεͷ۰Եȥĵطǵ
ž׼ȥڡȻ˵ģǾѪʺȥ̡ҲʺϣϾҺ͵йͻҿڵϣĴкʺҡδ룬أ
ҹδƬ̵ȥڡ
ڣ
ֳ֮ɫ⼸ڸ·;УҹδҲڵ˵ǲŻᾪȡ
ž䣺УڱߴżӣҲ˵ˣǶ˶콾ˣ츳ȥڣϣˣô죿
ҹδ룺ҪߵøԶߵø죬ֻȥڡΪĴʺҡ
ȻҲУڻס㡣
ҹδ룺Ҳδذɣǧûڣ֤ڻʵġ
ž䣺ô콾˵ʲô˵ǻۣǾˣǵļѾˡң˭ɱڵ콾Ҿͺƴһ
ҹδĬȻƬ̣ᶨѾˡ
ã
˶֪ҹδС񣬾飬ûܹı䡣һʱ䣬ҶĬ죺
ȥҪ͵
ţ
һʱ֮Ҳ֪˵ʲôջҹδվ߰ɣ
žһҺǹȥⶴͻƣǸʲôȥˡ
ҹδ뷭һۣҲȥ˭ʯ޶
Ҳǣٺ١
һ뿪˿ջ޶ĵطȥǶ¥棬ӡмϷżˣһơһҹδһ˵
ǣڵھ̿ÿ򶼹ݣǮ
򰡣һʿ
ǰһʿҲҲڵھˡӦǵĻԵ
ǶʲôΪ
Ӧòߡ
ô֪
ھ̵ϰ鿴ǵʱһ䣬ɢ޻ôǮˡ
ǡǵΪӦòߡǵͣҲʮꡣʮɢޣϸˣ˵蹬ûпǼȻɢޣôʯ
ҲʲôԵһСưɡǸǿȥʲô
һʱؿžǹһƷ˶ˡ
϶Ǵ򰡣޵Ʒ
ҹδߣԶԶһ߸ţһߵţ
򣡡
ԣ򣡡
޶Ӧġ
ģǡ
ҪͻˣɢޣӦͻϸɣ
ѵ㻹Ҫͻ˻У
Сĵáɣ۲ˣͻƵĶ֪ǵľˡҸˣڿջľ¥ϡ
ã
˷ֿһһطԶԶؼžǹĶһңңظҹδ˵
㣬ȥĶ۰ԿǾ޴Ľħƣʵдţϲš
ȻҲ֪ȥĶҹδ롣ҹδһߴԵ̣һߵ
ȥھŷ̡
ȥĶ۰
ҵø׼һЩԴܲûʯȥšһ磬ĸһָҲܹװ߰ɡ
Ȼˣип֪࣬Լչ˵СѾˣչЩˡ۰ûЩпӵҹδĵһ죬ҹδӴоȳ;ԼûѵסġΪԼ׼ԴӦõ


464 չ
˵ھỵ̂˽ȥңңǵǸʿһ𾪡
ǻҪǮ
λƵҲ̣װ
ҹδҪΪ˹Ʒķīͷֽ׼һЩڵķۡһ䣬ûдָУһˡ̨ϵƹԭûаҹδ˵£ɻдˡһָڵشվ
Уֹģ͹һֹģ
Ƚһ°ɡҹδ
͵ȵĿռһףһƷʯеȵһǧףʮƷʯϵȵһףһƷʯ
ҹδһüͷ֪ͨǲ۵ģӦÿɣ治Ҿȥҡ
͹ĵȵģ
еȣ
ƹһϲ͹٣ĲۣܽǿһЩƷ
ƷҲǲУҹδͷһЩƷīƷֽܹͶ٣
ƹ룬еȵĴָǾʮƷʯ
ʮƿƷīһǧƷֽ
ҹδ΢΢һüͷô٣
ˣƹЦЩīͷֽҲֵһƷʯˡ
ҹδͷһ빺һЩƷīƷֽʱܹһЩ𣿡
ƹ۾ָܹˣīͷֽ϶Ҳ٣˼һµ
ٹʮƷʯķīͷֽʮƿƷīƷֽΣ
аɣ
ҹδҲûٽۣȡʮƷʯƹ뵽˹ҺȲ裬ܿ̾ͽһл׼ãҹδ֮󣬱ǡƹ͵
͹ٿǷʦ˷Գ۸ǡ۸Թ
ã
ҹδӦһȥңңǵǸʿϵļⶼŤˡ
󡭡򰡣
ص˿ջ۰ԺȻʼĥԼľ磬ҹδԼķԼһžӹȥ
ӹȵںҹδתǳٵصѹЩͽ˵ʶѨϺϡ
Һʼǳ죬ͬһ㡣һʱʹﵽ߳ɡ
߳ɣ
ǻҺԲ
ǵʮһѨϣʶʮڣʱҺﵽ߳ɡ
ﵽ̶ȣǴﵽ˼£ǵﻹʶѨϻϣٻҺˡ
߳ɻҺɻ
Բ
ˡ
ʶѨϺҹδоһϣֻǸоȴӲһԼŻҺһ˿ȻҺͻȻκˣͣĻϣĻȻ죬Ǳͻһϡ
ҹδҲģʲôõĵģ
ҶϽþӹЧûʧѹҺ
ǡ
䡭
ˡ
ŵҹδʧأ
һϾȻʧˣҺʼһչҹδ侲ˣȻоûֹͣתǳǿԼ侲һһӡ
ҺչӣȻֱһΪֹı赲ʱҺﵽ˰˳ɡ
ҹδ֮ǰй㣬ûб赲һžӹ£ĻҺӦܹɰ˳塣ԣʱҺڼڳײһδ֪ıϡ
ȴûٳɹʧҹδ£ϵشѹӹЧȫʧˡ
˳ɡ
ҹδʱѾЩʧ
ʶѨϺڶ˳ɻҺ⾿ô¶
߳ɾԲ
ΪʲôҴﵽ˰˳ɣ
ǼȻﵽ˰˳ɣܴܲﵽųɣʮɣ
ҹδ΢΢ҡͷӦòܡӦ񼦵һܶǵƣҪе壬ԼܹҺ˳ɣѾһЩԼ֪Ǻ£ǻ¡
ЩסˣԼķ߳ȻϥҹδĽŲ۾ҹδ롣
㣡ҹδȻĶ棺Һ߳ɾǴԲûлҺģ
ǰȻȻصͷ
û⣿
Ȼҡҡͷûʦ˵ôˣ
ûʲôʣ
Ȼ㲻֪ҹδҲûи߶ԼҺ˳ɵ飬ֺαöΪԼģ
ȥϴ裡
Ѿͷŷҹδ룬Ȼҡҡͷֱ۾
ҹδһϴ裬һ˼Լ״һԼҲ̫ȷƲ⣬ӦԼ⡣
ԼĸռķҲԼϸõһˣԲŻͻƶʿĽﵽҺ˳ɡ
Ӧòǻ£


465 
ҹδ뽥İʱҹδžʿ־һǸžǹһɣ
޶ˣһѾͻˣҿƣҲͻϸһҲǣһûͻƣӦ츳УҪʱ䡣ҾѾûбҪˡ
ţһʿͷǹƵһټһֵǣʱ̶ǡ
ļ죬ҹδ㿪ʼæµ˹̶ʱ䣬ȫҲûгۣķ˹ȥ˾ʱ䣬žҲˣԸͻ˻
ˣ˱һػ۷壬˻۷壬һ˻ڣһϸЩ˽ҲЩԱˡ
׼뿪ˣûڵھŹصפصţǵĵ̶˲٣ȱ١Ҫȥһʱ䣬ڲһЩԼĵ̡رҹδ룬ҪȥڿܲܽһԼĵ̡
һ磬Ǿ˷ȻȥУƥͨڰصĳȥʱа˸Ѿ˸ǼҹδǵһȺˡǿҹδȥ֮󣬾ȷҹδҪ뿪ˡһǻڰ˹صķȥΪȥ磬ûġ
һҹδ˶֪س˳ţȻ㿪ʼ١
ÿ찡۰˷ܵĴСС
ݣ
˺ܾûôɵͷԼˣһڿҰСĵھغܿʧҰ֮С
̤̤̤
һ·񱼣ȻǿǵǰҲһˣǱС˫ľڽӽ
ҹδ˽䱸ҪǻɱʿȻ䱸Ҳȫ䱸ҹδ˲ͬǸոմĵط磬˯һ˯һѣʱضȫ䱸Ϊ֪ʲôʱ򣬾ͻΣաԣѾ䣬״Ҫһΰܹ
ԣڼǰ˸˵˲䣬ȫ䱸ʱܹ֡
ϣ
ǰİ˸˾ȻûԤϵ״ҹδ˺ǽӽһ룬˸شڰתҹδ˷Ĺ
ǡ
䡭
Ǹոմûڰתҹδ˾ͳˡ
䣬Է϶ԼͻȻ
ҹδǹٶģڷһǧһʿͷϣʿոմȻһ佹ŵȥˡ
ȻҲɵһܰԸɵһžɵһֻǹûиɵ֣ǳֵ̫ͻȻȴҲ˵˶Է
ˣԷ˸˲䱻ɵĸʣĸʱҹδҲ֪ԷΪΪԷĹѾˡ
ҹδ룬ž䣬Ȼ۰ֵס˶ԷĹȻŶԷ˹ȥ
Է˸˶˻ĸĸҶ㱻ͻϮ˻ùػ
Ȼһػ۷壿
ûκԷͱȻˡҹδ۰Ҳһ棬˶֡ȻҵĿⶼž䡣ҹδĿҲ¶֮ɫ
ΪžҲǸɾظɵ˶Էҹδ룬۰Բͬҹδ۰Զ˻۷壬ʵ׼ػˣΪҺԲˡƾΪӲԵĶԷԷûзžǸոͻ˻ĶһƵػžڵãν¯ࡣ
˵ҹδȡʤžԵȡʤ
磬۰ץץԴ֪˵ʲôˡžͷŵĵҲƫƫѹƶԷȻɴɱ˶Է
ԴﲻҲһʲôռɣ
ҹδвɸֳͷΪڷϾˣռĸ£ڷżڿ磬ǶԵż
΢΢ҡͷ
ôܣ
žҲ֪ԼԹ͵򣬾Ϊźͼռ䣬¶û˵˵˶ԼֵܽҲûʲôӰǵ̬
ʬžغȵ
Ѹٵؽǰ˸ʬһ飬Ȼɿȥ
ҹ
¶ޣ
Ǽһʬջ˸ֻһָǴǲ٣ʮ߸ûʲôֵǮĶʯҲֻһ㡣ܹǧƷʯ


466 ĵ
ҹδķڣ˿ʼ֮󣬱ϢҹδȴûϢǴӴָаΣȻ㿪ʼƷ֪ҹδǸ׼ԴȻʹҹδ룬Ҳ֪ҹδӣһȴһֱҹҹδſʼϢ
ʱ䣬ˡ˵ҹδ۰ѾԿʼػˣ·̫Σգÿ춼ڴĥ磬ȴҽ¿ռ䣬Ժ˵
ٶǧˣҲǱ˶ʮ죬ŵڰءҹδȥ˵ڰ̣ԼķۣȻһЩֽīҲϢһҹڶ·һһصߣ˽£˵ء
ҹδٴȥ˷˷īֽ֮ס˿ջҹδķ
ҹδ뽫ǹĴָգȻ¸װһԴ
ƷʯʮƷʯʮƷʯʮȻǸֲҩĵرҲָǹһݡĴָģָһָһմ
ǹĬĬɫЩ˸У֪Լ˺ʹҷֱʱˡԺͿԼܶˡ
ھڵأǹڵΪ뽣û⡣
δ룡ǹ⿴ҹδһúģڶʲôĵطһ취֪ͨ㡣
žжһ
žڣȻ̣۰Լ£ʲôڻҹδ飬ֻҪʵ㹻λ㹻ܹ֪Ϣġ
ллҹδҲϵúϢһȥڡ
ã
ǹ뽣ں˳ûʲôۡ
ʮ꣬ϸϽŵӵǹҲʹԣҹδĸڽɽⲻãǹϲ̵سˡһƹݣһ٣ҹδĸ˱ٴ̡
һºǽ뵽˵ء
صڣֶһꡣ
žʮ꣬˻Ȼʮ꣬ػ۰Զʮ꣬˻δʮ꣬˻
ĸ˶Լ˴еκһһš
ʱڵصһҿջڡ
ҹδҲǰÿ˵ĴָˣǹķݶһȻҹδµĶ࣬Ҳûа취žǣҲûжװˡҸÿ˵ЩԴ㹻ˡʯС£ؼЩҩĵرÿһǧŴڷ
ǳǣҾͷֿˣ߸ġž
˷׷׵ͷҪŶڲͬķ򣬾Զ
Ľ죬ǻҿջ档ž
ã
ա
ڳſڷֱÿ鶼ܳءǲԼܷţǵܷߵšϾǵжˣ⼸£ҲϤˣ֪ﲢһ͵ĵطһпĵطҼǵţδҲδ֪رҹδ룬ǵġ
δ룬͵
δ룬أ
δ룬Сģ
ҹδͷȻһͷˣ
ʮ졣
ҹδ糾ǡڽĳǳأھھʮɽС
ʮ죬ҹδ뾭ΣգȻȹΣյһΣ˷̫աһ·ȴҲջ١ˣɱõ˲ٵԴ彮еõջȫܱȡ
ĻҺѾʵޱȣ֮ǰҺѹ֮˵߳壬ⲻϵظ·ֽĻҺǻ˰˳ɡ
ǡ
סһҿջͻϸشһúϢһ졣ڶ磬ǵĳ
Ȼ󱻴˽ȥһѾˣһŮеǸŮҹδ¡
ڵҹδͷʾ⣬û˵ͼҹδҲͷӦȻһĬĬȴ
һȾһʱڼֽλʿҶĬĬȴ
˽Ųӣ˵ģΪ׵һȻ
ǳҶš
ݼҹδҶŹʩ
ҶŵͷҲûнˣɫȻ֪֮ǰûдҪڣҪĵһء
ĵʵľģ
ĵд󣬷Ƕвͼˣĵڶ¶ڡһ¶ڣᱻڸһᣬ˳뿪ȫû
û֨
ã·ԼѡģʱڣҶһ֣䣬Ϊ
Ӻ󣬲俴ΪɣҶҪֵֻ˷ţе˷š˱Ҷų˴źȥ˼ţһҶ֣
ĵ


467 
ҶţҶҲû˵ֻ°Ŵ̧̧˱ٲĵȥʱԥԼƵġ
ҶŵĿҹδıӰʮ꣬˻ڣȻ㲻콾ҲǸСˡ

˻ڣڼΪʱ˻ʿֻҪ˻ͷ¶Ϳˡҹδ˻ֵǸոͻƵģˣڰ˴ţ͵˻ڣһСˣŶעһЩˡ
ҹδ֪ԷĿ⣬ȻЩĵǲǻ֪̽ԼеܣҪ֪Լռ䣬֪ܲ
̤ĵ㿴ңҿ㣬֪ô졣ǻһϢʱ䣬ҹδ͸оһصϢԼʶ˻þûеȵþռһ£ȥ˻þҹδ͵͵ˣ˴ʱѾ˫Ŀʧȥ˽࣬˻þ֮С
бЩǣ֪Լ᲻ᱻĵ֣
ܹоһصϢʶƣֻǱռѹƣԼʶȫѵġҲװʧģһվ
Լӵʱ䣬ҹδоһϢʧˣһ͵͵ˡһ˻ˣҲԺ֪ʲôһãػӣҹδҲæһã
ɣ
ҶŵЩ˳ҹδ롣ʱҶţϲȻ¶еЦݣ
ӽǾڵĵӡ
ҹδ˶ɫһϲҶŲŸǽԵˣһǧţһǡǧŽҹδһ꼶ϴʿϺ˻ʣµĸϸǹǸ
һһǰڵģ߽ڵɽţҹδɫЩʧɽźɽڵĻ˽ĵֺ롣ȴ͸¶һֹӺʹҲһֳ¾ɣ˸оһĺ
ڵӲùĺϾܹʿľ񲻹
һ˷ֿǧŴҹδϺǰУƽߣƺȻ߳ƺͷ¾Ƿڵƺ̧ͷһƬɽ˵ɼɡ
һ·ϣǧҲ˵ѯģҲǣĵûбҪѯ
ֳĬҹδоڵĺв̾Ϣһ²ĻԣڿѾ˼ʧȥ˳ԸŴܹԼ⡣
һʱ䣬һ±ߣ¶һƬƺľ¡ͣʮҴҹδ벻֪Ǹʲôġ
ǧк̤СȻڴһλðʯСʹƮŶʻȥҹδĴŻǧʵ
ǰСʲô
ǧŵҲʦְɡ
ǣʦ֣
ۣʯͿԷɡ֮ǳǿûۣѹȥǳ۵԰ȡʯͲùˡеӴԼʯǵ԰
ҹδ벻ܣڵļҵ׻ǲۣ˵ӦҲɣ
۷˴Լһ̶ӣ˶԰ͣϡǧŴȡʯȻ˼ǰߡҹδʱȴֳ֮ɫ
ڰ
Ŀ֮ɽ룬̨ͤ¥лɺ׷衣ܱɢŹ㣬һÿżʿշУƮƮһƬɼɡ

һɽİɽӴȴֳ¾ĺ
ҹδѾЩˣǳãеĽ̨ͤ¥лѾܳ¾ˣܹ޲ĺۼʷģӦúܾúܾûнµĽˡ
Щ¾ɵĽȴһֹӴеĻֺо󵱳ǺεȵĻԻ͡
ͬһûƹһ㣬ڣĿȫǡ
ǧȻ٣úȫ뵽һߣ
ʦ壡
ܱ˻ǧһֿۣҹδϺֳһ˿Цݣ
µӣ
ǣλҹδ룬˻ڣʮꡣ
ܱ˫͸⣬ڵĴǲãЩˡ
ڵȼڴڵɽţڣ֪ʧˡֻǵڻǷǳǿ󣬷򲻻ڱȡԣʱûиҰһڵͷǸʱ˵һƽ١һս֮Ҳûס磬Ҫ˻˽ˡұ˽綼δܹסԣʱҲòѡϨǸͷ̭뷨


468 
ҪһʧʷУҲܼ򵥡
һҪһʧǳѡеһһţǸʮǰǿҲʧʷС
ֻҪģڣͻúܼ򵥡
ԴͰɱţֻҪͿˡ
νԴǰڸΧˣǵЩԴǲ㣬ͺܹ
ȱԴʿĽȻţȻٰɱڵţʵϵϢɢȥҼڵ˾ͻرڼΪŵˡ
ûԴ˰˵û츳õԴˣ
ˣڵʵȻ½ںսʱڼΣ벻ʧѡ
ǣȴӲؼڻûҹδ붼Щ˵ǻۡ
ǣ׿ˡÿһĻǻۣɽվĻʵڵҲڿ֧ţȥľԶˡ
ʱǧְǺһȴûܱӡ
Ӧš

¾ǧǰʮ˻ܱͲۿһ¡Ǹʱʮ˻СҹδҲԸͨӵˮƽ
ڲˣ
˵ˣǵնˡԽԽҼˡ΢еǻ۵ˣܹڼ幫Уֻڶ۵Ӹ⣬ʧԼʵŪڡ
˭Ҽڣ
ȻвģҲѪģϾѾ˺ľ档
ôһţŵֻвһǧˡһأ
ڣŵӹʮĲࡣ
ܱϵʱֳеЦݣҹδϸŵĹغ͸ȻҹδϺһȡһչŵͼѡ
ѡΪ̫ˣ
ˣڵĽûб仯Ǻԭһ뵱֮ϵĵһڣŵӶڲһǧ룬Ǻεȵĵؿϡ⻹
ͼϱעȣǲȥˣֻŵȵľˡԭҹδҪһƫƧĵطԼĿΪͻƵҪһЩڿˣ
ͼϱעź̵㣬עĶʾѾˣǼŵȶҲǴƬƬ̵㰡˭ֻвһǧŵأ
ϺѡһԼеĵطˣʵϱ˴ľҲҹδѡһŵƧĵطʵϣϲȺӵģʿҲˡȻڽţҲУⲻһǧŵӾסҲԼУŵķΧڡҹδѡĵطѾ쵽ŵıԵˣеŵӺңԶˡ
ܱͻǧҲֻ΢һ£㲻⣬ÿ˶ԼĹŹԸ񣬸˵ɵˡ¾ͰҹδϺѡĶ˺㡣ҹδϺʽΪڵӡ
˷ֱܱͻǧʩǣһ뿪Ȼ໥ǣݵͼķ򣬸ԼĶȥ
ڡ
ǧҹδҲǧĵˡ
ţܱ΢΢üͷ̾ϢһԽԽˡòôӣڳ⡣
ǧŵͷӦòᣬʦղѾѹˣ뿪ɽҪֻҪڣӦòΣա

ҹδվԼĶǰһɽ壬ɽ嶼ûһʿȴܹɽŵɽ壬ɼжôĻԻ͡ǣЩǿյġ
ҹδ˰ɽһǰܱ˵ɽõĶҹδȡƣ˶ϵһڣһʧһƣſҹδվûҪùɢڽȥȴûһ˿ùٲ˽ȥ
ĺܴźܶʯңʲôңң˾ȵһȱең沼ǿķͷŵһõԼܴﵽʲô̶ȡ
һҹδûľѶžȵȣֲûһ˿ù
ôɨʮֵĸɾ
ҹδڶڵһž޴ϣ΢΢ϸ˼ŷܱһϢ


469 ػ
󷭳һڴһǰܱĽܣЩʦȻЩ˭ͿԳΪ˭ĵӡڣÿһǰܶŽΪϸĽܣؿһ飬ȴ
׼ʦһʦԼľΪ˵ͻй¶ȥȡһһЩŵĹغ͸һٹ׵㣬һٹ׵ŸÿŵŵӵģԺҪԼȥ׬׵ˡ۹׵кܶ෽Ÿָ׬ȡ׵㡣ȻҪԴҲҪѹ׵㡣ȥ
ŵӣѡһؼʲôȥһ־Ҳˡٿ򣬾Ҫѹ׵㡣
ȥɣ
ҹδȥ󿴿
ʱǵһլԺ棬㴵˴еĲˮԼɵ˵
˵ڽһСţ
ԣӴϢһʮ˻ȥҹδ롣
ʮ˻ڣҲȷʵһСˡҲô¶
ǡβܣ
ҲܷβܣֻСҲܸںܾûյСˣӦúӡʱ߰ӣҪӡҲܲˡһֻһ˻ڣÿʮ꣬ﲻ˻۷壬ֶܹʰڷɾɡ
ա
ҹδؾ˲ڲ˰ʱңͣһǰϰڷŵĶͻƵػľ飬һЩǰġڵĴͳ԰ͻƵľϽţȡһЩ׵㡣
ǹֻһЩͻƵľ飬ҪĹ׵ܵ͡һҲֻҪ׵㡣ҹδһٸ׵ܹʮϵ̫ˣţ֪жͻƵػ򡣲ҹδҲû׼ȿ˵
һ죬ҹδÿ춼ڲ󣬿ʮʮǹνһ¿ռ䣬ҲظβɱħķʽͬС죬ֻЩĲͬɡЩҲҹδ̾ȷʵǺð취ҹδҲ׼һ¡
ա
ҹδ뽫ȫ׼ŵػͻơ
˫վڶڣǼһԼʶǰ˳ɵĻҺҴﵽ˼¡Ҳɸ̾磬Եɺ˾ӹԼҪ꣬ʮܹﵽԼڵľ硣
;蹬ϸۣΪʶȻʶŵ̽ȥ
һֱ֪̽ȥ˶ãʶ֪һϡ
ȻҲֻʶܹ֪һϣ⼸þ̽̽ã֪ȴΨʶܹ֪ԣûеʶҲظʶͻƵػĻ
ۡ
ҹδʶ뵽һظ
ԼӲ˽Ļһڰޣ·û죬ûеأһ޾޿ռ䣬ɶҲûС
֪޾ĵħʿʶǵħʳڵħŲɿܵԣȥҵħħͻ㡣ʶ˳ʶϸ̶蹬ʶ壬ɵóΪһûʬ⡣
Ȼ
һЩɫĹ㡭

ǺɫĹ㡣
ԭ޿ռھһƬڰЩڰĹ㣬ֻԱ֮Ϊ㣬Ϊ޵Ŀռ仹ҪڣϰٱԳ֮Ϊ㣬ʮ
ЩɫĹѸٵҹδʶ˻˹ÿһڵ㲢ֻгȭͷСڵֻһ죬ռ˺ڵ֮ſ죬ҹδʶ˺ҧ˹
͡
ҹδʶɨЩڵǴķˣ޷ӽҹδʶĺڵһССĻɫ㣬ҹδʶһЩСɫͱҹδսʶȻ˳ʶ뵽ҹδϸ
һȻܴ
ҹδд󶨣һոŵħһ˼š
ʵϣҹδ⼸ڹۿʱһֱ˼һ⣬ͻƵػʿǴʿû߷ҹδ벻һʿ߷ҷҪȴʿߡ
룬ܲܽͻƵػϣ
ⷽûнľ飬һûзʦͻƵػʦߵһ·
Ǵڣԡ
ڰӦǹ
һ˲о˳Եķ
ʶʼһڷա
Ȼַҹδռڶ֪˶ٴΣٶȿѾļޣѾԶԶسĴڣϾǴڼ𣬹ոӣ㻨Ϣʱ䣬ȻϢʱҲֳʯͷոħõħʶ


470 
ˡ
һִյա
ǹ̫ͬһܼȥƬƬĵˣ¶СĻɫҹδʶӵ˳ʶӿʶЩħȴͬɶ˻һ㣬ȻϵˣҹδΪǵֿʶֻһյķҹδһֱŵĸо̿ʼʶ뿪ظ
С
ҹδϥʼЩɫĻε㡣
ЩɫĹǴصĵϡ
Ժ
ҹδϿʼŹⲨ΢΢صĵϴӵҹδҹδ롣
ԭҹδΪͻƵػᶯܴȴû뵽һжȻӴȻк
ػıڵһУȴĻۡһǴӴҹδȻͻƵ˵ػһ㡣
ڵһ֯٣ʶ֮ʼһϣӴԺͷŵǴԣӺأֹʮΪҪǣڵʶ֮һѹøӴ⡣
һ졣
졣
졣

֮ҹδΪȶ˵ػһ۷壬⻹ЩɫĹ˷ˣΪѾﵽ˵ػһļ¡һĴ֮ϲһõҪһ򣬱Ψнظڶ㡣

³һ˹üͷһо󷨣ʶӶȴһѶ񽣡
ҹδ˶⣬ץ񽣣ʶ̽룬ԭϺѶϢμһᡣһʱ䣬պ룬ǰͻƲһ飬ڻҪύһЩˡ
պ
ϺĶܹʮˣҹδҲϺʮ죬ύôˡ
໥˽֮󣬴һ㳩ԣҹδ뼸˵ֻԱ
ŵӣľû˻ڵʿҲ˻ڡȻЩ˶Ϊҹδ˻ڡҽһʱ֮󣬱˼СȦӿʼҹδɼЩ˲ʿҴʱ䲻̣һ۽翪񣬶ҹδźʱҹδһ˻۷ʿҹδ
ҹʦͣͻ˻δڰ
ҹδòЦʦֹˡʦʦǱδҪǳࡣ
Ҳܱ쳵ҪȥġҹʦʲôʱҪȥԸ֪ʦ֣ʦԸһʹߡ

˾㶼ǴЦҹδҲЦݣֻЩ弾뷨λʦǿЦĶԼ׷֮ģ
ҹʦóڣ̫ˡҹʦε뷨ʦֿһ·ˡ
θ鷳ʦ֣Ȼ󣬵ѾΪڵӣҪһڵģеʱ
ǺǡЦҹʦò֪ڿɲǴ󣬻ؾ˲֪ʦҴʮһͼڣѾ٣ڿʮϤΪ·ˣҹʦķ⡣
˵ʮк飬øкΡҹδȴûдӦԼ˾裬Լʱ䣿
ҪͻƵػأ
ڼҲ֪ʿɶֹұת˻⣬ƺĿҹδ룬ֻҪҹδ⣬⣬˿ء
ȻҹδѾǵػΪ϶˼ҹδΪ̫ˣÿһĵĲرǺЩʿǼֱͿԳ֮ΪǳһᣬҹδĻǳڸ־Ӧò˵һʵķԾȴż
Ҳûѡ̱չأͻƲҺʹԼӻֽ꣬ܿءԣڽӣҹδ뵹ƵƵμһЩᣬһǧŵӣҲʶ˳һ롣
Щȷʵǳ󣬿۽磬˵̣Ҳʵ˾硣
һһ¹ȥˣҹδٴαչء
ʶ͸˵һռ䣬Ȼ·չȥ뵽ظڶ㡣ĵħҪ˲٣ͷô󣬶ȥ٣ʵҲǿ˺ܶࡣҹδͷδ֮󣬱ɾռ㹻Ļɫ㣬εĻɫдô
֮󣬶еҹδͻƵ˵ػڶ۷壬˷˲ٵĵϡҹδû̳أü˼
ڵظͷŴպͷŲͬ
ͷŴգʶֻһӣ󲿷ΰڵظУȴȡΰӦǵظûֹΰԽȡͷŵܶҹδԼʶ֮


471 
ͳơ
һҪСܶ࣬ﲻͷŵʮ֮һ
ڶҪܣֻҪĸʶ֮
ڵģҹδ뵱Ȼܵ¡Ҫ֪ҹδĵʶѨϣϣ蹬ϸȱʿ󣬹ƴı屶ģǶϾ콾ҲȾ콾ܹ϶ĻҺǰ˳ɣ߳ɣⷽĴ쳣
Ǳ˲ܣǳ־õģΪǿĿǰڵظڶļֱëëֶ꣬Ϊ֮
ǲɷϵǣظڶˣǵ㣬Ĳأ
ʮ˲أ

ҹδŽػʮ˲㡣ڿûʲôա
һһɣ
ҹδ˾ʱ·£ظʮ˲㻹ԶϴһȻ뿪˶ٴ˲󣬿ʼۿ鼮
ۿľͲͻƵػľˣǹۿػĸؼԼĵ̣йںϵĸؼǹںϵġ
зؼܶ࣬ںϷҲܶࡣҹδ뿴뿪˲
ûãôǳ
ǣҹδûйµˡ
ҪѰһЩٻֵܻ񡣿˰죬ڲϵغ
ǲܵġ
̫Σգ
֮ǰμӽʱʦʦѹСźܴΣաΣյԴҲûʿ֪顣
ͨʿȥⲻûгɳţΣˡԣҹδ벻ѡ뿪ڡ
Ҫ׬ȡµ㣬ҹδҲм취
ȷ˵ԼָеĵرܹȡƵĹµ㡣ҹδ벻ãڲɢˣʿȫԵȵԼΪ֮󣬰ЩĵرóڵʦƳɵҩǸʱ򣬲Լãٻɹµ㣬ڸ̫ࡣ
ʲôʱ򣬳Ʒ涼Ҫԭϸ̫ࡣ
ڰĵرó
ȻУ
ЩĵرͲ彮ܹõģ˵ѷֵģض彮򡣶һ彮㶼ܹ뵽ˡɼʵжǿֻһ˻ǾֻܣһΪһʵԶ硣
ͲСˣǾ콾
ⲻǰԼΣյĵط
һôڷȥȡµ㣬Ҳᱩ¶ǴڵĵƣһʮŮ˻ټϴڣⲻǾ콾Ҳ콾ˡ
ҲȻУ
ҹδԼĶУһһжǼŸֵҩҪĲϡֵЩʦϡ
ҹδȡһʼ鿴ڼصĶӵеԴĴժĵر͸ҩȻĲҩͨҩƾ鵤鵤֮ĲҩҲУΪҹδŷһĲ㣬ÿǳԵҹδһزūһ㣬ҩһֻ֣Ƥˣ
Щҩø˰
Щ̫˰ɡ
ĴУܹͨڵĵҩľ鵤һԼӵеĲҩһ¯ܹʮž鵤ЩҩܹƳһž鵤
Щҩϵļ㷽ʽˣȫϽɣܹһʮĻ֡Ƴɵҩ֮󣬾ƷߣɵʲҲܹһ֡Щ
϶ܳԡ
ҪһؾԴ˷Դ˷ǰ;˷
ǡԼ
ҹδҲûǸ˼ȥѧ
֪ڲȱԴǷǳȱԴΪڱڷַȫģԴ
ڱ˵ڵ󣬱Ĳ϶˼Ҳ˵ģ˵ûУ֪ô¶˼Ҿǲ㣬㻹ܹ˼
ʼʱҲûзŭ
һСž͸ҲԴ
ǵǳ֮󣬱ڣ˼Ҳ˼ŵģ˼Ҳ
ھŴŰ˼СŴˣ
⻹ûˣ
ûɷˣ
ڳֵһϣڸˡ
ҲƴˣǸȴˡ뵱ڱţڽǳʯŵļѾˣһûƴڶΡҲʣ¿ͷˡŵļˣǶˡ
ԣԺڶڵķͰˡ
ڱˣһѾǧˡ


472 
Ҳû취߼ۣ£һЩţûĸŸңһڽףž͵ڡ
ҲҪԼûŽףǾ£Լ¡
ǣڵʿԽԽ٣֣Ҳɲ˹ģõҩ˵ЩʦֵЩҩǱˮн
û˵ǸȫԼֲҩġ
ţҩȣԼֲ˴Ĳҩÿ깺ԭҲһ֡
ڱˣˡ͵ȼƾ鵤ĲҩŶ
ҩĽǻʲô
һƵĵҩˣҩˣŵĸˣŸˣʿΪˣӰȥʿŵˣͻʿ뿪ţתͶţӰһ󣬾ûжԸڡ
һѭһһ˥ܡٳǧ꣬ھͻһűɶţţղȻʧʷС
ʵϣڵѾ˥ܵڰ˴һеˣŻмУһƴżɵѾһˡʹ⼸ˡڵʵһӾͻһŵ䵽ŵĵס

ǽ䵽ţһӾ͵ŵĵסڵȫָǼжš
һ׶ˣÿʦʯģÿһʦĳɳҪĲҩƵҩܹƷʦһľ޴ְҵǣûôҩڵʦʮֻͣͲǰѧͽҪΪʦ͸ˡԣڵʦʼϵˡ
ʵϣμ˼νᣬ˽ڵ״ҹδ붼Щˡ
źڻµ״̬У»ٶȻԽԽ졣
ֻϣԼڲɽ¶ˮ״̬УԼΪɡ
ҹδȡһƾ鵤Ĳҩ˴⻹ֻӵƾ鵤ҩһ֡Ȼ˶ŵȥ
壬ǵ֮ĵӶѧϰġ뵱ھһ쵱Ĵڡÿﲻڵʿǰ󵤣ŵʿҲкܶǰ󵤡
ڡڻ쵱ģȻвʦˣҲûбˣԼŻкܶʿ󵤵ġֻϡ˺ܶ࣬ΪŵĲҩƸҩ׽⣬󵤾ͱˣڵһЩҩԸַʽõĲҩŲҩʦ
ҲϾõҩҲס
ԣҹδʱ򣬿һƬ
˳̨ŵȥ˰ɽһžɴ

ӵ߳һʿûɵģҹδ룬۾һӿ˽Ųӭҹδ룺
λʦã𣿡
ţҹδͷ
ǸʿɫһϲʦҪʲôҩ
鵤
ǸʿɫϲλʦãҾʦô
ô
ⲻҹδ뾯һҹδ뾯ɫǸʿæ
ʦáʦôƺ
ҹδ룬ʦôƺ
ǣǽżǵһʦҴȥڲʡ
ʦ֣ɵǶ٣ƷΣ
ò飬ҹδ֪ǿ϶ǵʦû˸ڵǰ֡ڵĵǶԷĳɵʺ͵ҩĳɫ
Ȼλʦɫһ壺ҹʦãҲ㣬ҾһʦҲܹһЩͽ׵ҩҵ츳Ǻܸߵģֻǿûвҩ֡ͱҪƵľ鵤ɣҵܹƳƷǳɵʿ϶ﲻԼҲܹһ¯ƳʮŵʮƷʣµľƷǾԲƷ
ҹδ۾ҲһûѵĻһšôȱٲҩܹɵʺͳɫĺˡ
ҹδﲻ˵ЩˣҹʦãͻƵмʦڶĻַҪߡ
㿴ŹأԼòҩƵҩƳɹҪΪáô
ҹδ룺Ͱ˵ֳɵʺͳɫɡƲֳɵʺͳɫҪ⳥ҡ
죬ǵһʦ۵ģбЩ⡣
ʦϵġ
ʱִӴ߳꣬Ǻҹδ룬Ҳǻͷһ̵ۣ
ɽߣ


473 һ
ҹδȴҡҡͷǱ߻мʦ
ɫһ䣬ˣң
ǣҹδڰֵҪƵľ鵤ܶ࣬һƲҸʱ䣬ҪҼʦҪɵʺͳɫõʦ
۾ˣģ
ģ
Ҫƶ٣
ܶ࣡
УǵңҵĶ츳õģȻңҲࡣߡ
ȥĶҹδһĽ䱸ɱŪҡҸ㣬ҿ˻ҪŪңҾ㡣
һĿЦãҹδ˻ǸӼСġ
Ǿȥ㲻ţֱĳϴ
Ǻã
תҹδŵȥŶȺеһ˺
ʦܣ
ŶŶ
ЩԺظȥһ츳ʦڵڻźܴġʦ㿴ңҿ㣬ҲŽ뵽
ͣס˽ŲˣҹʦãҪʦ
ˮƽģԽԽá
˻
Ǿ͵һжٲҩ
Ҳԣ
˼˻ŪЩ鵤ĲҩӦòѰɣ
԰
㶼˻ˣƾ鵤
ҲʣҲʡ
ǾͿʼóһѶ񽣣ͽȥһЩϢȻһһ˳ȥһöö񽣱㻯ȥ
ҹʦãȥǱ
ʮ־޴滹ϢǱ߻ʮʿ곤١ҹδͷϢȥһǵ䣬ѹ
ʦ֣
ǵ
ʦֶǣ߽Ϣһǵ
ʩʦдһʦá
λʦ㲻ٹģǱҹδһط¡˲ˮˮ˲һ룬һʿ˽׷Ǵк
ʦܣ
ʦ֣

Ҳһʿܸҹδ룬ֵһֳ֮ɫ
ҵأ˭ˣ
ûУ
ûУ
˶ҡͷ
üģȻվǸ
ǣܹоŸʿҹδһһ̨ǰŹ̨һߵ
ʦλҹʦãƴľ鵤˽ǣܸ֤һǾŸˮƽ𣿡
ʦҹδ룬һ˿âҪƴľ鵤
ǣʦҹδͷ
ʦӦҹδΪȴܹ֪ҹδԲͨڣ
Ӧòͨڰɣ
ҹʦ˻Ǽæ
ʦиӺ棺ƴ鵤ʲô
ҵõ˲ٵƾ鵤Ĳҩòҩµ̫ˣƳɵҩٶһµ㡣
ʦһӣҪƶ٣
һ¯
ǾŸʦ˷ˣʦҲ۾һֱӽɣҵʦơ
ʦǣһ¯ƽһ£ôҶܹϰһ£һЩˮƽû뵽ҹδȴҡͷ
УȻһָǵҪʦˮƽʦҶʦ˵ˡÿһ¯ɵƷʮ嵽ʮţʣµĶƷֻѣﲻ׼Լ𡣡
˸ʦɿؼǵˮƽҪǲһЩĻԼֻһɣһɵ档ôԼܹˮƽ۾Ҳ
ʦִһӵôƺ
ҹδ룡
δ룬㿴òãҾͰɵֱӸ㹦µ㣬ͱܳɵʺͳɫˣΣ
⡭ͺܺ˰ҹδһϲʦֱܹӷҹµ㣿
ǲܣʦҡͷҿԺͨģٲĹµ㡣㷽˵ĳɫͳɵʣһ¯鵤ҸǧµΣ
ҹδһ£У
һʦȡһѶͽȥһѶϢη˳ȥŶҹδ
Ĳҩҿ
ҹδȡǸݸʦʦһۣɫһϲ
ҩĳɫܲԺֱ֣ҡ
ãлʦҹδҲһϲ˲ٵ鷳
ǵȴʧȥɣʦ϶ƽ䰡ֵԼҲûж١Ҳҷ
һһɵʦǰʦһץסĶһ£ȡһմݸҹδ
ˣֱȥµɡ
лʦҹδӹ˴Ҫ뿪


474 ĳ
ҹʦãԵһ𣿡ͻȻڵ
ҹδ뿴һۣҲ²Է˼룬ύһҲûʲôãͷϢȥ
Ǳߵ㡣
ɫһϲҹδ빰֣ȻԹ̨ڵʦ
ʦҹʦÿģƽɣ
ʦЦʮ¯ĲϣʣµҸˡ
лʦ
ϲ̵ʮ¯ϣȻϢȥʦ
ʦأ
ЩҹδҲڶУб㲻һ̾ڻ˰
ҹʦãɷ㵽ҵĶС
ã
ҹδӦúʹ졣ʦ򵥵ĶԻ֪ǾǵһţŶύûʲô
ŵǵĶҽƣ֪ϲȻЩ츳ûеŵĵزΪŬŬħŻ޵Ĳ£ﵽ硣ˣҹδҲԸһ֮ȡһ¯ĲϣǴϲԵһ¯ҩܹΪмʦ
ǣҹδȥõԼǧµ㣬㾶ֱȥ˲󣬿ʼۿзؼ
һһ£ǧµûˡҹδûʹϲá
ڲƶţˣǵҲڵĵ޷ġһ£ҹδΪûб䣬ʵȴˣǵ̺۽ԦΪ죬еΪ
ûȥ壬ǻصԼĶ󷨣ŵػͻơ
ظ㡣
ԵĵħѾ壬ѾЩơʵҲȵڶĵħ޷ֵҹδ¾
ԣ
¾
ĵҹδ˵̸вɵرͻƵ˵ػ㡣ڵĵԽӵ񣬵ϵʹҲΪϡ
ˡ
ȻѡҪȥ塣

Ūµ㰡Լﻹһ¯鵤ûءԣֱǵĶ
žȻǿŵģҲûп󷨡
ô¶
һʦĶŶ
ǣʦ֣ҹδվڶſں
ǶûлӦ
ҹδһüͷٲŶȥŶһʯѰңҿǡ
ʱﻹǣ
һʹʯϣ޿Ŷҹδһûвģ
ҹδߵʯߣͷһǣɣͬһ㡣
ʦ֣ʦ֡
û˿Ӧҹδȥơǵ㶯˶Ȼ󿴵ҹδ룬Ҳû߽ͬһ˵
ҹʦá
ôˣ
ôˣǺǡ
ҹδоǴʱ϶ûһɺȵ
ʲôӺɷ򣬺ڴˣ
ҵܵˣء
Ǵˮҹδ뵹һɣһޣϵһЩֳ
ڵʹܵأҲˡ̾Ϣһڴϱʹǣһʱ֮䲻֪˵ʲô
οȰ˵Ƕûķϻ
ҹδ㾲վǿޣˣеҲܹһЩ
ء
Ǵؿһ޾̶ӣȻ
ҹʦãĵҩûơ
ⲻҪܾܵôģ
һʣǵɫǻҡ
ңҹδһ㣺һ壿ţ
ǣǵʮָӣбˣзŭвʣʧ䡣
ô¶ϸ˵˵ҹδһǵĶ档
̾Ϣһȷʵһ壬ȴͨļ塣ɵ£ƽ̺ĸŷֵļ塣ھű߲һĿľǼڡ
տʼʱ򣬻һֻǰӣǧؾͱĿŵļӣѾʼڵˡ
ǣžͲܣҹδ뾪ȵ
ǵľһӾûˣԴտʼҲʮߣɱ˻ңȴֵ£ƽ̸̺һʿڻ͡
ôͣڻ򣡡
ôˣҹδŭռ˵ˣ
ؼռҲΡ
ռҹδ͡
ǰ̾ϢǴʦģǵһףǷһҩȷֵģ˵ͷˣ͵ŵӿȻŵĵôܿһ壿ȥᣬǻƫƫ಩ŵӱ˶ԷһˡȻԷͻȻɱ˶ֵǸӡһǼӡ


475 
ҹδǳ鴤һ£ʱڵʿȥң˵ĸʿᱻ裿
󻹵⳥ؼǾ֮δٸҶңΪǵĸµס
ˣ֪ҾǵĸڵģȴûΡһÿһ£Ҳضɨβɨ÷ǳƯץѱ˻һĿŵؼڣһ棬صشڵʿһţǧڣҲһҲǵЩҪû˵ڣˡЩſ¾ڵǼ䣬ֻҪǼ䣬һӾͻ䵽ŵĩβ
ʱһ£ŪΪߵʿھͻ䵽ţ˱Ѫؾͽˡ
ܵܣ
̧ҵܻܵĵ˵ҵܵǷһҩողժͱҵĳӻǿˣɱҵܵܣ˲ҩ
ռҹδ뼱æ
ǵʱֻҵܵһͻһ˵ȷֵĲҩҵܵȥűɱġ
˵ʲôʲôҹδŭ
˫ʹǾûеҲ˵ģܲ˵ʲôʲô
ҹδ벻Ϊ֮ʧ죺ô죿
Ҫɱ˻ǿ
ôɱ
ҹδֳ֮ɫǵӡǷǳõģŰǵһ·ȥԼôҩ˽ͻƵĹؼҲܹǸԼһЩҩ
ҡɫãĿúᶨһһᡣ
ҵᣬù𣿡
򲻹Դ
Ǿʱ£
ҷŲ£Ǻ
ҹδƬ̣Щ衣ʶЩˣ˵СţȻǸӵģ᲻صң
бҪȥ
Ķȥ
ǻȻ̧ͷҪʲô
ʲôҲȥȥ
ãҴȥվ
ҹδȴûжǿǵȥԣҪӦԼȥҡ
˵
һҵˣ֣š
һ£յͷã
ڶҳȥ鱣ܣͬ˵
ã
͵͵뿪ţľܿ͵վһɽϣŶȥ
ôһ壡ҹδ벻ɸп
ǵųޣտʼʱ򣬻Ҳ󣬼ǧϵţγȹģ
ʲôʵ
ҵļΪܵ
ǿ
ҹδһӣǵػҲ൱۶ʹ򲻹һܵ˵ˡ
ǿʲôǿŪңһУһƾҡЩŴвңҪˡ
ҹδҲ̾ϢһܹоڵڵӶźǲأȥʹԼˡ
ĸڻҵ˶ʲôΪ
ǰ֪ڶֻܵΪһһ˵ÿʮֻ꣬һ£
Ǻǡ
Ŷ˱ŵˡˣ
ʲôǵıͻȻһ
ҹδ͸֪м˹ֻװŲ֪γ̽һ¡ԣʱװŷ֣תͷ˶߹ˡ
ǿ㣡ǵʱо޾ĳޣŻǿ˹ȥȴҹδһѰס˼ҹδΪǱذסһ˿Ҳá
ǣҹδĿȴһֶǸΪ׵ûȥһۣ´Լ
Ӧð
˵Ӧóͼŭ
Լ
ʱ򣬻ǿڵҹδ룿
ҹδоһݣҡͷǣǵӣʦֵʦá
Ļǿһüͷһ£ƺ޷ȷ㽫ĿǡʱҲ侲ǿĿȴɳ˳ޡǿȴǹһЦ
ôң
ߣ
ҹδץǵļ򣬴ɽµȥҹδͻȻ뿪ǿԤϡҪ׷ȴҹδѾ˺ڵ㡣룬ҲûŪԷݺݵһĭԼļȥ
ҹδ̤ɽţһѹ
ҹʦãŲûжʱ䣬ŵʿʶ㣬ǻǿȴʶ㣬ⲻ


476 շ
ҹδͷұˣӦ˻ҵĻ˻ҡ
ɫһ䣺аӣ
ţҹδ뵭˵Ҹ˵һǵӣڱҲаӣûˡ
˵ҲǣȻֵĵҹʦã׼ô죿
£ʵǿ˵

ʲô㲻һȥǻҰɣǵŶǡ
ǵԴȥˣҹδļŰɣŲȥġ
᣿гᣬͶˣڻͷڹꣿ
ҹδûܾڲôһֱȥܹżȥǼһžûϣˡѵЩп
ǵǻָһЩ񣬴Ӧҹδ뾡콫鵤Ƴڵ֣ҹδֽ뵽Ȼֽһ¯鵤Ĳϣȡǧµ㣬㾶ֱȥ˲
ҹδûȥйصĵ飬Ķڷĵ顣
ڷѾ˺򣬱ϾѾǴ۷壬ѾЩ˴ڣϾѾʼαˡرǶΪΪķһ㶼ˡֱ̫ǧԷЩǰշġΪʺϽһ档
ڷĹĵ飬Ų١ʷϵĵһţҹδ뿪ʼڵľ磬ѡЩԼܹģ֮ⶼųֻ

ҹδصԼĶûټͻƵػǳ֮⣬ʼĥ
ĥ죬㿪ʼռڲ衣֮󣬹ȻͬԤϵռһ
ҹδоʮ죬о͸ˡҹδһ׼𣬵۽֪ʶѾͬա
Ȼ㿪ʼռڷʱһȥ
һգǰݷãҹδƺõľ鵤ǵľ״̬һЩɢ֮
ҹʦã鵤Ѿûսˣ鵤Ĳҩ𣿡
鵤ѾǿʿҪĵҩˣҹδͷ
У
ɫһϲҹʦãҡ
㾿Ҫʲôҹδüͷʵ
Ҫǵ˲価
ôûҹδ˼֣ȴʲô
ҧһŬԼ磬ȻӶɱ֡
ɱ֯ҹδɫһ
Уǵͷɱ֯翸ʮʮǰ󣬵ҵ׬ȡʯͻסǸʱһÿһʯڹӶɱϡ
ԣҹʦã㣬ҡҪҩ֡ҲҪѣƵҩ
㲻Ҫѣ׬ȡʯ
ҲҪãǱҿɲơ
ҹδڵˮƽߣûƹ鵤Ҹҩ֣ûгɵʡⲻҪҪѵ⣬ڰṩҩ㣿
ɫһͣҲòϣǣ
֮ǰƾ鵤鵤δҪƵĵҩֻƷԽԽߣҪԴҲԽԽ࣬ԽԽЩԴҪʲôҩܹ򵽣˵ǲǣ
룬̧ͷҹδֻҪṩԴ귢ģԸΪЧҰꡣȻڴڼ䣬㲻ֹҹӶɱֱ𡣡
ҹδͷã
Ǻҹδ붼ֱ귢ģǷĵǣҹδ뾡ṩԴΪҹδЧҰꡣ
ҹδ뷢ĵǣڰھΪռԴ
˷֮ڤڤ֮Уоһɨ塣˶ĬƬ̣ڴҹδ
ҹʦܹṩҶ鵤Ĳҩ
ѾЧҹδ꣬ٳƺҹʦòãҲԶƺҹδΪˣҹδһ񣬳ƺҹʦ㡣
ҹδЦЦԼҪܹΪмʦ
Ƶö¯ңҲܹƳ鵤ܹΪмʦҪͬҩ
ȸһ¯鵤Ĳϰɡ
ҹδݸһʶһɨݵֳһ˿ЦݣеĲҩתƽԼĴָȻҹδ빰ֵ
ҹʦ㣬¸ˡ
ҹδֹסǡ


477 ж
̧ƨȥĿҹδ롣ҹδȴ΢΢ü˼ԼǷӦýԸҵǡ
ڵ״̬ҹδ붼߻ħ㲻߻ħҲӰⲻҹδҪġϸ룬ȻѾЧԼ꣬ƺҲûʲôɹǵġ֮󣬾ǽ˵ȥǸʱԼҲں˰ɣ
һֱĿעҹδ룬ҹδ뺰סԼһֱԣбһ˿ԼѾЧҹδ룬ѵҹδҪԼһЩԼδ֮£
ʦܣҲ֪ڼңܻܿҲҹδڿڵ
ǣǵͷĿҲ¶ǵʷڵ콾αɱܹļ١ҹʦ콾ĿǰȴǶʡµЩŲŹ㡣Ҵ컪ǿһϳ㣬Ѿ֤һС
ˣܲԴаɣҹδʼҲҵķ񡣡
ǳԾҹδ룺롭Σ
ҹδ붢ǣʦܣ𣿡
ѾˡЩί
ǹҵһУ㶼Ҫұܡ
ţ
һһڡҹδ

׼ڻҲһ󡣡
ô裿ܽȥң
㲻ùܣҵİ취ֻӦһЩˣ߻ħ
ɫһ̶һҹʦ㣬㲻Ϊ˰οң
ǣֻӦò˻šҾЧΣҲԤϡʱ򿴿ɡҺ˵˼ǣҲѰҵ鷳㲻ǹһˡԣҪҲҪƽ̬ڵ̬µȲһ죬Լͻˡ
ףվҹδʩһ񣺡лҹʦ㡣
ȥɣר
ǣ
ǴԴ뿪ˣһÿһ߹עŻǱû鷢һΰ¹ȥǿȰ£ȴûҹδ˿ѶвȻ
ҹδϤ֮󣬱ڷһڣϵعһķȻһŷţڡ
ţڷڣʵѾָ˲࣬Ȼָ컨ʵţҹδƣȻҹδ֪еĿģܾܿͻ˳ɢ֮䣬ȴûп־壬ʮֿܡΪҹδӦڻɻ˵ľ
µʱ䣬ҹδţڴǧķ
һա
ҹ
ҹδϥԼĶڣһüкһţҹδͷ˳ҹδ뿴ţ
ȥɣ
ţ㻯һγ˶ʧããҹɫ֮С
ҹδ˫ĿţţܹģسԺС
ţһ磬˻ҵıԵʣҹδ뿪ʼ֮ͨϵţ´ڽʮ죬ţÿ죬ڻҵһھףڻҵΧĴߣҹδͨţ̽黪ҵĵΡڼǿֹסţҪɻ˾ͷʮʱ䣬һ
һա
ҹδڶڰԼĻҵΣβ󡣱֪ơʶӳȥǣ˶ţǽϵҹδ벻ҡͷ
ǣϵⲻһס
ҹδҹʦ㣬֮ǰ˵ҪԸҡ
𼱣Ҳ⼸졣ܵø׼ʱ䡣
ģȻͷųϲ
Ȼƭʲôô
ǲս˫ȭסеļҹδڻҲȴϴʹҹδûи㰲ͳе뷨ȡһѴƿ
ҹʦ㣬ЩƵ鵤ֻǻһЩ򡣡
ҹδʶɨЩƿȻЩ鵤֤ʲߣƷҲƷƷָһ¯鵤Ĳҩĵ
ǣҪ̫ˣѾӰ쵽ˡ
ף˲ҩصһԼ̬
аɣҹδεİڰ֣ҪԼ˵ٶҲá
ҹδǣߵſڣֶסŲͷҹʦ㣬ľ⼸ᶯ֣
ģ㲻ҪܵǴ£Чλ֪ʵõʱ򣬱ǳõ飬ҪľԼ̬
лҹʦ㡣ʩһĬȻ뿪
ҹδ̾ϢһһҲǰ塣Щӣͨţ̽黪ҵΣȥʼĶзؼǧµùˡ


478 
ȥ˵壬þ鵤Ĳҩȡǧµ㣬ȻŲȥõλж棬ҹδվʲôطõ˶پ鵤Ĳҩ
϶ҹδģһ˻ʿ˲ȥʺͨʿľ鵤ĲҩҲû׷ʵصĴͳǳ룬Ҳͽ·ŵһߡ
Ӳص˶ҹδûʵʩԼļƻֻҪţûпʼˣǷֲһֻصĹġҹδ벢żһµʱ䣬շţڣʶһĶҲһԣ׼ͻƵػء
ػضڵҹδ˵ûʲôѵģظĲĵħҹδ˵ҲĴʱ䣬ҹδΪͻƵ˵ػء
ϣҹδ㿪ʼڻҲˡ
ţڻΧǱУʱشţƮһŷ뵽֮£ʶյķڵ¿ʼԶάԼķɢ
ҹδСģÿֻҹʱ󣬵ʱ䣬ţھס֮ţʼŻ沼˶ʮһ֮
ֻһŷ
ڻҵ룬ţƮһŷ¡
һ˲䣬Χûʲô仯ȴһɭĸо˯еĻˣһӡ
ţѿЦˣΪղҹδ֪ͨԼڻ⡣
ҹδȥ˵壬ٴóһ¯鵤Ĳҩֻȡǧ֡Ǹ̲סʵ
δ룬ô鵤Ĳҩ
ڵھŹشܳһʱ䡣ҹδ뵭˵
ǳϵˣЩҩռĽ˿ҹδҲһǻԵ
ҹδ뿪˴ȥǵĶǼҹδ룬ɫɥ
ҹʦ㣬ҵĳɵʺƷûʲôͻơ
ҹδҡҡͷ̫̾ˡ
ǵͷ
ҹδѹһϢҵѾˡ
ģǻȻ̧ͷ
ȻġӽӦЧˣҪסҪκǰ¶֪ʱĺۼԹ۾ͺá
ףǵɡ
Ѿһļ塣л˾ͳʹӸǳѾ
һɭϵĻңʱȴһƬЩҡΪҹҾȻ߸ˡ
߸Уһǵػ˻ĸҲϸʿ⻹˻ҵģ߸ȴΪ˾ɱҴʿ߸նɱ֮󣬲ŷ߸˾Ȼɱ¾˳ˡȻٶдʹӣҲмʮˡ
һ䱸϶Ѳߵʿڻţûûܹټÿ϶ˡʱʱʮؼǣ˻ữΪɱ¾ҵĻˡ
Ҽ͵£̣ƽصĸܵʿҲ鿴ҹǱȥ˾Ϊǿʼϲ黪Ҵһգţȡ˾ʱ򱻷ˡ
ǱһսսʱսನɱĻ˳ǧţնɱ
ڻһʱǰ˳ǧ˵Ļң㹻ױܡ
ڴ죬̫գҶ̫ұ֡ʱʱ䣬ΪµĻ˻ǻʹӱ㻯Ϊ
ҳˣ
󳹵ױ֮󣬻ұ˹⣬һƬ⣬治巽򣬻Ҫ뿪á
˴ıʣڷˣΧĸСźͼҲˡ֮أû˸ҽһ̽
ڵǸҽȥƾʲô
ԣҶڿ֡
ϵѾ˿ÿ춼Լļ飬ֻԼĶڣҹδĶڣŻ㵸ҹδһһΡʱҹδĶ赸
ҹʦ㣬ҲȥڵĻѾһƬ⣬ƾͿˡ
ô⣿ҹδ뷭һۡ
㵸ĶӲˣ𣿡
ܣӦɱǼܵǿߣ˵ҼǸǿˡԽܾ࣬ͻԽǿЩܵǿ߻ϷЩˣŻø࣬ͻøǸʱ򣬾лɱˡ
ڵ߶ɫòͣʱҹδ֪ƣʶ˳ȥȴһʶˣ˶ſڣ˴š


479 Ǳ
վһģʿҹδǣɫ΢ʶţȴǵһμҹδ룬ȷʵ
ҹδ룿
ǣǰǣ
ҹʦ㣬λǴʦ
ʦҹδʩ
ҿһǵȻȥҺδЩ˵
ǣЩĵؿҹδһۣȻŶʩ֮ȥ
㶴˵
Ҿٲ߽˶ҹδر˶ţ˽ƣ˶ҵ󡣶ڴڵҹδ
ɡ
лʦҹδЩ
ҵ֪˰ɣҿżɽ
ҹδоһݣѵԼ鱻֪ˣ
֪ҹδ糣ͷ
ڷţӳ߸ˣһܵ
ҹδһæܳô
£û̫ࣺǰˡǶҲһ鷳
鷳ҹδһʲô鷳
ǵһɵľŰţһ¾ͺ޹ء˭֪ǲǻɱ޹ĳ˱ңǺǡ
ҹδеĲԽԽʢĥţԼжӦòְܱʱ򣬶ֿڵ
ǻ飬ص飬ԻңҪܲסУҪйŭҵĸѾûʣµ˷ˣǵ£ƽ̺ĸҲˡصʱ򣬻ҳô飬ҲȥԣǺܱܿ

˵Ҳ׼ȷӦ˵ҪкŭͷˡкķȻڡر㡣
ңҹδƺЩˡ
̾ϢһɫȻЩϼһһֱڿľӪڻǲɱһ˥䣬ѾƲˡ
Ѿǧյ츳õļ֮һԣҪкŭǳĿܱɱ㣬ڡ
ҹδˣԼж˻ңȴԼ˸Σյλá
Լ̫ˣ̫ˣĲܵ
ǡô죿
ͲҪ뿪ˡֻҪ㲻뿪ţӦû顣Ҹ㣬źúҪȥ
Ŷ
ҹδͷЩûɡԼȥͲóȥȫ¡Լʹǻ֮Լ
꣡
Ӧùȥ˰ɡ
뿪ˣҹδվڶǰ
ҹʦ㣡ǹ˹
ҹδӷѹôûȥ
ҶˣŶʦ뿪ųʦʲôղôڷǲǣ
ҹδʹ˵ҵ顣
˵ɣҹδ̾ϢһתŶȥ
ǸŽȥĴϣҹδ뿪˽󷨣ڴǵĵҹδ룺
ҹʦ㣬ǲǱˣ
Ƿһۣʲô¶
һ
û£
ҹδ뽫˵һ飬ȻҲҪȥˡ
飬ǷȥͲȥ£ʦṩҩˡʦһҪȥ
ףҹδͷҸոҲûжãҲûдȥ
ǾͺãǾͺã
ҹδڳ׳ȥÿʱ䣬ڲżȥһ˵塣þ鵤Ĳҩȡ׵㡣˵Ϊҹδÿһµʱ䣬ͻһ¯ľ鵤ҩһµ㣬õЩͽʦ׷׻ͻƣҲŶԾ鵤õ˻⡣
ͬ伣ĻǣÿҲԼڶڣҹδṩĲҩƸֵҩҹδķڣװŸִĵҩƵġѾΪ˸߼ʦŴʦͻơ
Ҳҹδ̾Ŷã
ǾͿҪΪʦˣ֤ϵ츳ĺܸߡ֮ǰʮ꣬Ȼһʦɼȱٲҩʲô̶ȣ
Ҳɼڵʿʲôӵ
ҹδ뿴ϣоܳ⡣һûţδ
ˣ
ԼڹŰɣ
ŰȥҹδΪѾ˵ػھŲ㡣ͻˮɡػǰŲĵظħɲ˿вõ֮󣬶ԺҲΪ٣Щԭ֮Уҹδӽź󣬾һֱϵϰ֮ӵľ
һա
ҹδ֣صƽһľԼ״̬ôδйĺáΪ׼ظʮ㡣


480 н
ܶʿͻƵػھŲ㣬Ͳڵػȥˡ̶ȣѾԳȥͻ컨ˡ
Ȼ̶ȵĵػȥͻ컨ǳΪ컨ʿҲ컨нһ㡣ػͻƵĲԽߣ͵ĻҲԽһͻ컨ʵҲԽǿ
ǣظʮĵħ̫˰˵ӵʮ㿪ʼħʵҪȵھŲ㷭һԺÿһ㣬ħʵǰһ㷭һܶ಻ĵʿʮһµĵħС
ҹδ뵱ȻҪԣΪǰŲĵħʵûиʲô鷳ǵʮĵħʵһԼҲܹӦ
ȻҪҹδδйӣԼ״̬ڵ֮ʶŴչȥ
ظʮ㡣
ҹδ뿴˵ħֻǿЩħģҹδ֪ʮĵħ򵥡
ǰŲĵħȻǲͬģеˣеһͬ㣬еȱٸ첲еȱȣеȱβͣеȱٽǡǣʮĵħȴΪ˿ȱݣҹδ˹
ҹδʶǽӰͬһ֮ܵһֻֻħ׷顣ڼ䣬ҹδѸٵعճһգЩħ֮˲ڻ顣ҹδһһſŻɫĹˮһкҹδ
Ҳ
ҹδд󶨣Щħ࣬ԭҹδһʽʶ֮Ŵѵʱ乴շʱСˡȻҹδɣȴ֤Щħʵȷʵǿˡ
ɱĵħջʶҹδ֮С
һεĴ֮˺ܶ࣬һսĻɫ㱻ٵգˣҲķʮʱ䣬һԾͻƵ˵ػʮ㡣
ͣһʱˣ
ҹδϢһ죬Ȼ󲻽ٴ˵壬һ̤˵̨Ǹ϶ˣҹδ룬ɫһϲ
δ룬һµ˰
ǰʦ塣
㾿жٲҩһһ£ڵЩӾ͵ĲҩһǾܹͻƾˡ
ҲûжˣǶһһ¯ɡ
аɡʦЩ⣺Ķ˵㣡
һ깦µ㣬ҹδȥǵĶһҹδ룬ͼ
ҹʦ㣬Ҿܹʼƴʦĵҩˡ
аɣҪʲôҩҹδ벻֣ƵҩţֻǿûвϣҹδṩҩǾýһ١
ǵݹһ
ҹδ뿴һ飬ֵܹҩҪĲҩҹδ϶Уȱζҩζϡĸҩ򵽡ǶԱ˵ڵʿ治˵
ǣһȱҶݺϾֲ֦ҩ
ֲҩŶУǵǲϡĲҩ˺ܶ࣬ȱٵҩ
Ǿûˡ
ҹδȡһƵҩĲҩȻƵĵҩһȥһ֣Ȼȥȡֲҩ
ã
ǽƳĵҩһ֣ȻʣµƸҹδ룬ҹδ뿪ǵĶǰ
Ӻҹδڲһü˷ܡ
һֵнֻǴԵؿһ飬͸оܼҹδ뻹ʱ£ʼٵѰҹеֻǿ飬Ҫµ㣬ҿü졣ԼһʱңҹδǸнûбĵܸǿˡ
ҹδڲ˴죬нĹױ뿪˲һһüͷ
ʶŶʮз룬ǲʺнΪǶʮ룬ÿһ붼ҹδзƣǵĻƣľƣˮƣƺͻơнȴҪĻơ
ʵϣҪԵķɽÿһԵķɽӦĽÿһֽнΪҲǽ𽣾ľ𽣾ˮ档ֽн
ҹδ벻ҪΪŷ룬Թķ϶ԣȻֹлƣԲʺϡ
ѡһֻѡ룬һֱѡ񽣡
ûߵԼĶ;ѡ롣ÿһһ΢͵ĽͿԹĽÿһ϶̻ƣɻƹΪķ˹ķɽܸ
Ҫٷ룿
жҪ壬ǾҲŪʮöÿö
ҹδͷȥ


481 

ҹδһȥ㿴һƬȡ
ܶʿһǽǰǽͨ嶼һ񣬴ʱϲϵ帡֣һҹδûȥЩŹ̨ǱһɨǱк̨ܶкܶŶӡҹδһٵ˺档
ֵܿӴҲһŮޡ
λʦ㣬Ҫ񡣡
뷢ʲô񣿡
ҪľˮԵķ룬ÿַö
ܣλʦҡҡͷ
Ϊʲô
ûôĲϡܹƷĶϺõĲϣҪȡ侫ÿö֪Ҫٲ𣿡
ܹƶ٣
ʿĬȻƬ̣ÿ٣
аɣپ٣Ҫٹµ㣿ҹδϵӦô࣬ŪһЩһЩ
ҪǽϷҿֱ֪ͨ塣Եһ¡
䣬ǸʿȡһѶɽѶϢȻſ֣ǷɽͻһкȥҹδõһߵȣǸʿʼӴʿӵʱ䣬ǱѶɽͷɻˣʿץס˷ɽʶ̽룬Ȼ̧ͷ
ÿöҪһǧµ㣬ǧö룬ܹʮ򹦵µ㣬ô๦µ𣿡
ûУһˣȥＯµ㡣
ҹδ˵꣬תߣ˴ţԼĶӡ֪Ǹ̨Ůˡ
ûµⲻˣ
Ҫ֪˭һϱִãֶ⵷ҵģضᱻִôֻǷҹδŹ̨Ŷӵʵ
˭˭ʶ
˾ҡͷʶʱҲװʶ˵¶˭
Լҹδûг
ЩҲҹδĵӣȻ￪ЦǷ
ҹδɿػصԼĶ㽫ԼŷǸָ˳Ȼƾ鵤Ĳҩӷȥ˳װ˴ָСżһ£͵һӦܹһٰʮĹµ㣬Ȼȡ˴ѵ鵤Ĳҩһٶʮ򹦵µ㣬ҲװǸָȻץŴָ뿪˶ŵ屼Ӷȥ

λϿҹδվǰɫһ㣬ÿҹδһҩʮ죬ôˣˣ
ôˣ
ɶҹδϵ˵ڹúܿʦû¹ǣûҩ硣һȥ˺þãӦΪųӦþԼǵ㶫Щҩǲҩŵ壬ǾǵҩҩʿǾΪžܹøǿԣͲҩġ
ϵ۾һӾЦһջ
ŶžǵļңӦΪ롣Ѳҩңҿܹһٹµ㣿
Ǹʦ壬ΰѼҵ׶óˣܶµ𣿡
Уȸҿжٲҩ
ɶʦ尡Ҷ̯ˣǲҲ̯̯ƣܶҶٹµ㰡
һɣвУϴӵۣһƲ˭صӡ
лʦ壬ҹδ뽫Ǹָ˹̨ϡ
˴ָʶ̽룬ȻŴͣ죬̧ͷ
ôࣿ
ʦ壬ҪӶ࣬ҾջһЩ
࣬Բ࣡
ĶҹδջȥЩҩһʿмʦ߼ʦҪǣʿл˰ܹ˰ܹһҩ˰
϶ûеҩֱȡһմָӸҹδ룬ܿ촦˹µ顣
ˣȥµȡµɡ
ҹδҲ˵뿪ˣٶȥ˹µȡʮ򹦵µ㣬ٶ̨һģ
ʲôʱõ룿
ǸŮ̧ͷҹδ룬뷢𣬾ͱҹδĻ˻ȥʶͶƣһŵϴ󣬺¶ˡѾ˿ʮˣûмһʿôĹµ㡣ѿڶ
ô๦µ㣿
׬ģ
Ů޲ʳô׬ģüʱӦ˹ٿҹδĿѾܹͬӵô๦µ㣬޷ǾʵǿǱĸܹǵġ̣ڴ֪ҹδֺҲǲ죬û˵ְϻ¶Цݵ
ҹʦãºͿȡˡ
лʦ㣡
ҹδȡƣ߳룬Ŵȥ߽һһϣ˯
λʦ塣
ţ۾
ҹδҪʦ


482 뿪
ҹδ룡Ŀһ⣬ȻվŮޣȵȡ
ллʦ塣
һλ߾˳Լȥɣֱߣһš
ллʦ壡
ҹδ˶ҡҼҹδЦδ룬ֱʰ
ҹδ׶˵ʲô˼Լóôҩȡµ飬ҲЦ
һط
ĻԵʾҹδҹδʩлҲܵȶʣ
ʦûв𣿡
ȻҲ֪ҹδ˵Ƿ飬ȻŲҹҹδĶҪҹδ룬Ҳôҹδ벻Ҫ뿪Ѿܹˡҹδŵ飬Ƿǳעġ
Ҳ˵ûˣ̾Ϣһܲܶ㡣Ҿ㶼㣬Ҳʮġ
ҹδеûʲôԹޣȴʧ䡣
š˥䵽̶˰ҲǼӰﻣˣѾ˰
ʦҹδŻǱϣžһֱ
ѰȻһ̾δ룬ڲ˽ŵѴҲҪ˽⣬ΪͣͽգΪˣ֪㶼֪
ҹδĬһʦ֪ڷǣǿݳȥ򰡣
ұЦҡͷ㻹̫ˣ
Ȼҹδ͵Ҫԭһ棬õŵƣţҪظͼݡ֪˵ǣݿٰͱ㣬ڼǰػõݣضڡ漰˵ڶ档
ΪߵʿҲˡҶʶݣһһϰߵȵȣǱŵġˡ
˾ֻܹΪ͵˳ȥݹ漰⡣٣ֵáĶ࣬ض˶ϡ߱˵ݣֱɱ˶ᱦ
ҹδ벻Ҳ̾Ϣһ˵ûͱҹδ룬ȥԴ϶ҪöһЩ뵱ڵھŹأǻûйԴأֻǹһЩϣͱˡԼ΢һЩԴضᱻϡ
Լ˵Լݣ˵£ȥôԼضᴦڼΣ֮С
ԼֱӶԼɱ˶ᱦԼҲᴦڼΣ֮С
⻹ǡ
δ룬ŶӣѾ˻ڣúδŵ֧㲻Ҫ嶯ʵʵش
ף
ҹδЩį뿪˹µصԼĶš

ҹδ뿪ȥԴιǸ⡣
뿪Ųҹδ嶯Ҫһȫ֮ߡ
ҹδ˼죬⣬Ҳûм뿪ҪŸƵķء֮ǰȥ˶ʦ˵Щӣʦ˶ءҪǸճţͱץԺͱȥˡ
ԣͰͰ
һ¹ȥΪѾ˵ػʮһ㣬ҵõǧö롣û뿪š
ȻҪÿһö̻ư
öƻƣöƻľƣöƻˮƣöƻƣöƻơȻʶͬʱҲŴС
¹ȥҹδΪȻ˵ػʮ㡣
ȥһ˵˴ĸƷĲҩȻһϣȻ뿪š
ҹδҹС
ͶҰ⣬Ҹصĵطϳ򣬱ǴӶȥǰѷڵĻųĺϣŵھرӶȥǻٶȿɱҹδˣΪΪҹδߡܵΪ˵ǱУǾŵɡԣҹδȥھأʱˡµʱ䣬ҹδѾվ˵ھصľ޳ǰ
ҹδȾˣһͷȾ˺ɫͷڵķһۣȻ̤˾޳ǡ
Ӧû˷뿪˰ɣ
ҹδƶϾһ·ûзΣգ˷Լ׷ɱԼˡ
ҹδϴھž޳ǣʱ̣ܶҼûô䡣ס˿ջ΢Ϣһ£Ϳʼھ޳ڹ
ҹδڲһԼϢ
ʵûа취ԭ֮ǰûµģֻҪսûܹΪԴΪػʮأԼϢסˡֺصƴɢ
ĳΪڳͨʿػľ硣ԱѹƲסΪϢòԼһϢ
˼죬Ծ޳Ѿһϵ˽⡣


483 
һգ߽һ֡
϶Ṇ̀ԷΪࡣѾȺ˵˰ʱ䣬һ̡
һǰסĸ֣ǰĵ̣㡣һСԺ䷿ݾס岻󣬺Χ̱Сġ
ֹʰװһ¡
סˣǰһΪ̣ΪƷĵط
ϵʯָ࣬žǾͲ٣ôһޣڴʯʣ¶ˡ
ͨ޳йӶ굱ơ
Ȼȥھ̹һŸֲҩʯҩȵȣһԭϺͳƷĲο۸񡣸ơ
ҹ۷пҵˣ
ҹ۷бҹδԼȡ֡

ϴδ彮ھأǼǵ־ҹۣžҲõļ֡Ǹʱ򶼲˽ǵöɵŻ֡
ڴڸϵһ·ϣѾ˺ܶһǴ۷ķҪ￪һС
ҹ۷ǽ϶һľƸʾдţķʯҲøԭһԭһۡ
ûк䶯ʽȻĿҵˡ
ܻ˷ȻҲͻ
һ룬ַУһͬ㣬еķǴ۷弶ķ
ķѾˣǷȦмĶ㡣ϾǷˡѾϲˣҪõķף
ʵĸ棬мĳƷܻӭģȵƷǿ󣬱ȸƷļ۸ԱˡҹδķмƷеĶ⣬νܻӭ۸ҲԽϸߡ
ؼøֲϹ򣬿Դۡ
ȥҹ۷ϣʼС˿ԽԽ࣬Ҵ󲿷ʿѡøԭϹ
ųɾŵʿƷҵ˲ҩʯϵò֣ƽʱҲЩֱ̣ҹδ룬ؼ˼һۣͲʣȵˡ⵱ȻҪҹ۷жһˡ
ҪǷӦ󣬲ܹġΪҹ۷ֻҹδһƷҹδƷٶǺܿ죬Ҳֻһˣ糿ŲһʱƵķͱһɨա
ԣҹ۷кܿͳˣÿ糿һŵϳȻһʱȥҹ۷о͹ˡ
ҹδûģʵҪģӪǲԣԹӶһЩʦûôԼ״άڵľ棬û˻̫עԼԼķоٺãÿҲӪҵһʱҲͬеļʡͬоÿһʱʱҹδ롣ҹʱ䡣ʣµʱ䣬ЩʿҪǻõ
ҹδҲ̫ǵĲ·
ΪؼǣҹδֻڶķεķҪȥ
󣬴Ҷ֪ЩҹδģҲ˵ҹδһԲѾʼŷˣ֪ʲôʱ˼ҾǷˡ
һˣһ֪˵ˣûԸϵЩϰҹδ뻹ܿʱСһ¡
ҹδҪһϣǸ֪ԼİȫҪҲģҾֹģÿõʯ͸ֲҲǳˡյĲ϶Ž˷ڡҲûȥչԼҪƷĲϣˣҲػ˺ܶƷĲϡ
һжӰ첻ջ񲻷ƣԴԴϵйȥ
һЩƷĲϣҹδͻЩȥƷ룬Ȼ̻Էơ
ҲʼָƣӶʱ򣬾ǹӶƷʮָȤꡣˣ̸ġ
ҹδÿ춼æµҲʮֳʵ
ÿ糿֮ʱ̶ǳҹδǳȻģҲࡣЧʮ־ˡټ֮츳ˡΪÿ춼ڱ仯;øӾ蹬еʶ֮ҲӴϸӼ͡
蹬Уӵĺأӵĸ࣬ѾʼŹԭʼζеʮγԡ
Ȼһ춼ÿķһɣֻ˳ɣԱԼʱ£ԼչͻƵػʱóۣš
ÿҹδڴڼķԽԽӦ֣ƷٶȽһ졣ҽ˶㣬Ѿ˴ڵļޣгڳǲ絽𾳽ˡ


484 
ҹδ㿪ʼķ
зĴ
ȻУ
뿪ŵʱ򣬶һ˴ĴУԼĹµһһ㲻ʣԼõϵĴС
ôܹ𼶱ķ
ڱĴȻܣҹδռ䰡
Ȼǿè
ʧҲҪԷҪǣռڵʱ仹Ǿֹģ˷ʱ䡣
һҹδڷľҲһ˿˿򡣱ϾѾǴĴˣѾڹαˣҶһˣвʱ䣬ͿԽĲ㹹αˣԭͶڷԽԽټÿռڷ𾳽һ򣬷ҲԷʼ⡣ȫè
һศɵЧڷαĹ涼ӿٶȡ
ϣһʱ֮Ȼֻһʱн˵ҹʱֲŻ˯
һա
ҹ
ҹδ뻺۾˫Ŀ޾󻺻رƽ
ѾһˣڷţͻƵ˵ػʮءڵӵĺأûϢأƻɽ
һʱ䣬ջ޴
׬ȡ˴ʯջ˺ĸֲϡѾӵ˽ʮʮѾԶΪ뵽ػʮأֻһأǵػĴԲĲвһʱ䣬ͿԹα뵽𾳽硣ϲǣĵѨϣʶڵ;Ѿʼһ˿
״ͨڵػԲʱ򣬲ŻãδﵽԲѾʼ˾
Ҳ֣˵ԲǵػأȻ㲻ͻƣֻǿ׷󾧻
ͬ
ǵػأʮˣ֮ĵӡڣصĴȻʹľҪһЩ
׼һʱ䣬ظʮ߲ĵħ̫ˣҹδ˵ظʮ߲㣬Ϊһʬ⡣ѾߵһͣҪﵽػʮأǿ󣬵ظʮ˲ĵħʲô̶ȣ
ԣԼػʮصľ糹ȶٿʼʮ˲㣬Щգȥ壬Ǿ
Ѿܹķ𼶱ķȻȫȴҲһЩ⡣ȴûгһţղĵơ
Ѿ൱ܵʿˡҪ˵ֻмĶ⣬㲻ϲֻܵˣǲ̤šܺ۶ǵĺ蹵
һػ㹻ǿǿս컨ʿġҹδﵽ˵ػʮأǾͲܹս컨ˣܹսʤ֮ǣһ۶ʿҪսܵʿǾǸЦһܵʿܹ׵һ۶ʿ
ǵں͵
ԣǧҹδ뿪š˵ʵҵܵʿ֣һƾ͸ˡ
ҲҹδŶ˰꣬͵͵ܳûб֡ҹУŻವķɿˡ
˵ھغֲɽ¶ˮľӪ״̬Ϣо£˺ĲƸЩĲƸУԭϡ
һա
ҹδ͸ǷеϰСۡ
ǵϰһʮӣȺܺãҹδ봦Ĳ
μǾƹݣڴٴλáԶĵСˣһơҹδ꽲ļš
￪ѾнʮˣԵھž޳ǵ˽Ҫҹδܶ࣬ҽѵķΧҲҹδܶࡣ
ҹδڽֲͼһЩ飬ʵ
磬ʿǼʿɢޣ
һھƵǼʿҵҲʿһţڵʿΪˣ֪ͻ뿪ţ˼塣һξһǧȥˣҲԽԽʵϾǼ忪ģֻǸľӪ
˵һҹδҲЩˣ԰ɣ
ţ
Ҿһ䡣
˵ҹδоһ
Ȼ˵ɢޣҿԲɢޡ
վһҹδ뾲ؿŶ꣬ҲؿŶҹδ롣Ϣʱ䣬ҹδƽȴһЦ
侲ҲɢܹġؼǣɢǺѳִڵģǴڣӦ֪һ㡣
ҹδΣҲ֪һ©Ҫһϣһˣֻдڵķܹϼ۸񣬲ܹܶչֲϡ


485 
ԣʶˣжһ˳ӣûΪһɢޡ㲻ʿǼʿ꣬ҲӦúһŻ߼忪ģǸˡӦҹۣҲ̫侲˰ɣ
ҹδȫûб仯ɫεʵϣҹδʱҲп˼ͬʱҲڹ۲ɫʱһֵ
Լġ
۾һ˵ֻһˣĳŻĳ콾ֻԼǣġΪͻƷ𡣵ͻƷʱ򣬾뿪ʱ򡣡
ҹδĬȻƬ̵Ҳ̫ãиͻ뿪磬лѡҲں˵Ļɡཻ֮ģԱ˴档û˺ңҲû˺ҡԺ󣬴ټҲǷԵ
ҹۣ˵öԡ˵ѹ˵ͻƷѾԶ
ʮ֮ڰɣ
һӣĽЩ콾츳ˣ˵¡죬߼˻ٰһᣬ㿴
˷᣿
ԣ͵ʵߣͷ˵εĽᡣһȻǷˡ
зʦˣţɢޡˣ˾ٰĽȻ߼ġǳ˷˾ٰĽ֮⣬ᣬд͵ģҲС͵ġŷʦһٰĽᣬŷʦᣬԵڷ˽ᡣ±ɼٰĽᡣɢޣҲоٰģǾͲˡ
εĽ᲻ҲСǵھž޳ڵļʦһһ£ûȤ
аˡ
ϾֳЦݣ˾ƱҹδҲ˾Ʊһ£һ¾Ʊ̽ʵ
ҹۣҲһˣûпܼң
ҹδ΢ЦҡͷһҲ§ݴӣûҲûйϵοҾҲӦ
٣ҹδ벻ָָ̧
˵ĹϵǸǢˣ꿪ʼһЩżţеھž޳ڵһЩҹδ벻֪飬ҹδҲһЩ彮Ǳߵ顣Ͼһ·Ǳ߹Ҷ뵽ˣҪ˽öˡ
Ȼҹδֻǽ˺ٵһ֣ҲΪȣջǳҹδ뽲ĶⶼǾ飬Ҳǵͼ
ҹۣ㾹Ȼȥ彮ôԶؿҹδ롣
ҪͻƣҪĥԼҹδװп
˸ܣһٷһʱ˲뿪˾ƹݡ
պ
ҹδһ԰ӴǰǼĳⳡΪٰġ԰Ҳҵġ
߽԰˲ˣҹδҲʶʮǷΧھӡģɢѰԼĿꡣ
νĿ꣬ǺԼģһҹδһڣһʦǽн
ǽָ㣡
ľ粻ҹδ룬Ҳûҹδ룬ԼҲȥѰ־ͬϵķʦҹδ뻺԰ߣʦҲ໥ͷʾ⣬·ʶһ㡣Ҳûǰѯʲô磬ܲܽһ£
ͨվһ˽ʺϾͼ룬ʺϾ뿪
԰ҲڷźܶӣϷŸֵĺͲˮϡҹδһˮĹ䣬žĵطЩʦĽ
һ꣬ҲûҵʺԼĽ󣬱һǰԼĲ豭ϡʱӲԶһȺｻҹδ̧ۿһۣһȺʮ꣬ʮʿｻ
һȺΧŮûͦƯȻţϻǴһ˿Ӧĳе콾
ҹδѾʮˣΪܸΪָߣȥҲͲʮģԣЩŮҲΪҹδһһԼʮ꿴ҹδ룬۾
ҹδɲ֮ǰˣȻһͷȾ˺ɫһ߶ߣȵģµ׺Ͱ۵ļżƶҹδ뺬Ц
λʦãһ
ҹδЩΣѣŵʱѾЩڽȻ䣬ﵽ˴ʦ֮˽Զ콾ǾҹδľͲ̫ԶǸǾ̫ͣҲ̫ˡǣֻ΢΢Цһ£ȴûƶŲ
ʱ򣬱ΧŮУһµŮӺ
ʦ֣ҪΪѱˡǽݣ˼δö


486 ˸
λȴԸ뿪תͷҪô˵ҲǴӵͽ׷ʦģҿԽ̰
ҹδ벻ˣǸĵͷŲ豭뿪ɫЩÿ߻ȥǸŮɫÿ
ҹδ뻹û߳ӭһˣҹδ뺬Ц
СѣǸˡСŮЩòҴǸ
û£
ҹδ뺬ЦˣӦþǸŮĸס˷ŵĶԻǸȻҹδġ
ҹδɫ糣ȴһŮ򵥡ͨ£ԼǸԷҲ᲻ȻԸֵĻ̿֡ǶԷȴһƽЦݣΪϵ
Сôƺ
ߣ
ǱߵŮɫӵزÿˣԼĸ׾ȻǸŮӵǸⲻڵ˵Լˣ
ҹۣôƺҹδص
ɫһЦԭҹڵ棬³飬ҲǴڣɷҹѽһ
֮ãҹδ뺬ЦӦ³ϲߣҸܼѡ
˲ȥһȺһ͡
³ҹδһǰѾˣ³һǴڡ˱һ
ܹߵڵʿ򵥣ǶͬһҲвͬ⡣ǽһҹδȷЩ˵ľûߣǻûпʼ𣬵ĸԲͬĸ壬ÿĴвͬڷҲͬҲҹδǳ
ĸ˸ǴҹδϻøࡣһʱҹδĿⶼӿʼƽȣ𾴡
ҹѣǲѾʼˣ³ҹδҲĿҹδϡ
ǵûУҹδҡͷʼ׼ˡ
Ҳ˲ˡ˷׷׸̾
ʱ򣬴ӲԶһѹŷŭң
ҹδ˾Ѱȥһʮվһ˵ǰǸ˵ġһԵ³ܵ
ҹѣǸ顣Ǹӣ˸
ʱ˸ˣȻͣȴΪףѾˡ
ˣҧֻҪûͲ׼ȥҴȡ
ҹѣ³ĿЩӵ˸СҲҵ콾ϴ峤ΪȨҶУһöӣ˸˸ڷϵ츳ǳߡԼĶڽü˸ȴȷȥڵ뷨ǲɵ
ҹδε죬ĵⲻ
ף˸һķ㲻ңֻŲܹߵøԶ
Ҳǲȥš鿪ʼģôţȥĸУΪʲôҪȥڣ
һҹδȤˣɴǸ꣬Լʮңһˡϴžǿ
ǱڵĵڵĴж𣿡
鲻ˣһƬĬ
ҹδʵ³ѣڵ̺𣿡
ҹδĲ˽⣬˲ǳ˽⣬ǶŲ˽Ⱑڣţ̺ʹӦúһɣ
ڻǿһ㣬ô˸Ŀȴƺ˲á
³̾ϢһȻڵĵ̺ʹĺǿȻڱţҲֻڹǳҪУǲҹϷִСǸʱ򼴱ûӦǰҲǷǳǿġƴܾˣ֮䡣
ڹǳֲǶȥؼǣҲûܹǳ£ھڻܹӦġȻһԼܹǳͿԴ𣿡
˵ǺǳЦҲ֪ǳЦ˭ȴû뵽³ӦһܹǳӦʱǿη壬ǸʱڻĴС
ҹδˣڻǵ̺ʹһšҲΪˣÿһ춼Σ֮СѾˣҪԼʵ͵õڵĴСǶڵЩڵȴУԲ콾ɳһŪһ
ҹδ뷢ԼΣˣҲΣˡ
ѾָάֵʱһһڡֻҪڵЩˣڲλֱɱšһּܹˣڼɵ˱ڣȥ
ǣڣΪ׵Ĵţٸ


487 ʮ˲
Ѿķ˼ǧ꣬ۿ͵ոɹʱ򣬾Բڳκ⡣
ȻĬһҧġ
˸ĬһҲ£
㲻££ŭһȥ
ȥ˸ͼ˺档
ҹδҲ̾ϢһȻͼλڽ³鼸λԼˣֱ뿪ҲûиΪΣ
³鼸˾һУ໥ţ
ҹ۲ڵʿ
ڵʹ඼Ӧòʿ
ԭȻ滳ڣ￪ΪռԴ
֮ǰ˵ˣҹۿһռ˺ܶԴҲֻһˣڣռǵԴһ˻˵ˡ
ݲ֪ҹ۵ı
νֻҪ֪бұھͿˡҪǣˣڻܹȷǳѰͻƷġȵͻ֮󣬾ͻ뿪ǲû˺ύˣ
⵱Ȼ˭ύһأ
ֹ𰡣̾ϢܹʮͻƵǸʱŶͣһˣδôֹڷ𣿡
⾿˭ҵ콾
Ǽŵ콾Щ콾Ƕʶ
ˣ˵˸ȥ𣿡
˸ȥȥҲ֪϶ȥ
ڰǾһĬĴ󴬰
̫ڶ󴬣˸̫ˡڴ󴬼û֮ǰϴ̫ˡ
ڳĬƬ̣һʿڵ˵ڻֶܹã
һ䣬ӦþͻȡжϵԪʣ˰ɣ
ܻͻƣСҲʣ˶ҵԪʣ²ʮꡣ
ǱҪҪ̽һЩϢ
ûбҪʲôʱƵǼˣԸô룬ôɣôǵ顣
ҹδصҹ۷УԼķڣϸϸ˼³ǰĽ̸нЩڵĽ̸ϸڣһһݣ۾¶һ˿ġϸУڷЩ˶̽ĵϸ
ѵѾʼԼڣ
ԼѾʮСˣûдչִͨڵֶΣϸˮҲ˵Լǿò϶һҲӦƷϣΪԼڵݾһڣԼʲô϶գһ˻ɵԼϸˮķʽȻɣȴû̫Ļɡ
ȥضԽԽעǼ忪ʼӴԼ̽Լĵϸ¾ˡ
ҹδЩ˼ˡҲȫľ˼Լ뿪һʱ䣬ȥھ䵴䵴һӣҲһźͼĻɡ
¶Ҳҹδ׼Ϣһʱ䣬ÿƷʼƵƵμһЩᣬߺСۡȦǿʼˣڵھŹأ嶼˽øˡ
˽ԽԽ㣬ڵľҲ˽ø
֮һֱܹһȷʵڵʵ͵̣һȴѹ
ֻҪһ룬ӦʱӵʮأӦʧȴһһĶʧʣ˾ѹ
Ҳѹڲ׺Ӳƴ
ʱһȥƺһ¡
һա
ҹδվڷĵϣʶ˵ظһһ㣬뵽ʮ˲㡣
޴ĵħ˷ҹδ񱼶ÿһ涼ͬһСɽ޴
ϡ
ҹδʶ˲㹹һн
нûǳǳҲֻǸոһЩƤëнǿ󣬼ƤëҲ赲ħʱ䣬Ҫľ⼸ʱ䡣
䡭
޴ĵħ˷ײннɲһķ󣬶һ󡣽ݺᣬһħиһĺ蹵ȴǰʮ߲ǰ㣬ֱӽħɱ
ҹδ⼸Ϣʱ䣬Ѹٵعճһգڰĵظ˲ͬһִգЩħ忪ʼڻһĵħʵǿ󣬼ˣҲû
䡭
ħײн󣬶ʱҹδҲ𽣾ڵĽ𽣾Ѿ֮ǰǿĺܶ࣬ǽнÿԵý𽣾ܸһ


488 뿪
ħˣ
н󣬴պͽ𽣾֮£ڽһħɱˡһſȭͷĻɫ㣬Ŵ֮ҹδա
ϡ
ҹδͷųнȻǴգǽ𽣾ɱһȺһȺĵħ˵ֻҪʶݽߣһֱɱȥ
ظʿľȥӿظζ壬վҹδķڡͬľ
ظ֮ûɱħصϳ⾫Բ״̬ǲ뿪ظģǵظĹԣܶʿ䡣
ûʿʶ޾ģʮ˲ĵħҲҹδԤϣԭΪܱʮ߲㷭һΪ֮ǰˣֹ
ҹδĿʼˣ֪ԼʶǷáȻĵʶѨ϶콾ҪҾѾﵽ˿ʼһ˿ǣҪͻƵػʮ˲㣬ҪĴصһĵħʶķ˼
ҹδѾɱľܹظ֪Լľڷɿġ
һɣɣɣĳɣɡ
Ѿʱ䣬ɱʶѾһ¡
ͷŵܿʼ½ԽԽȵʶһɵʱѾԭеʽȥնɱħˡҪҪѰᡣ
ûоΪ֪ԼԲѾܽˡ
ھͿ˭ֵܹ
䡭
̶ӵʱ䣬Ѱҵ˻ᣬնɱһֻħȭͷĻɫӿڡ
Բ
˲о·򿪡
վڷڵҹδҡһ£Ȼͨһڵϣ˫ۣ˸ŽٺĿ־塣
ڻˣ
пæԼˣ죬۾ʼصϡ
ˡ
˴صͬһž޴
ÿһصϵİļʡ
⻹һصҲǵһθоصǰȫҿɴ
պ
ҹδء
ػʮ˲Բ
ҪıǾȻ컨ͻơ
ڶھѾ˺˽⣬ڵĲǰ״ģ͸ѵĽҲǰ׷ѵġ
֪һḶ́ȾĳʼһѵḶ́Ҳǵһ˿һԾǨ쳣ѡųɾŵʿһءѾһ˿˳ʼԾǨӦΪǵػʮ˲ԭɡ
ͨʿľ飬һͻ˳ʼ׶ΣѾʼһ˿ҪﵽȫҪʱ⡣ҹδĵʶѨֱ콾ʿοЩͨʿȣ
ԣҪʱ䣬߸á
ҹδŰ˰Ԫʱϵǲȡ
ǳһֶĹʿҲüѡ
ҹδ볢һ£Լٶûеô֮ǰԼҪʱɾƺֻҪʮꡣ
չϸ˼Ȼһۡ
Ӧмԭ
һԼ̫ãڶǳ̫ãԼǵػأʮء
Լһӽһʱ䡣
⻹ֻԼȫƾԼԵҩأ
ٶȻø죡
ҹδ뿪ʼԼղأһ֮б̾ϢһԼղкöǵԽ·áȴûʺϾŵرмʺܵı
ȻܵıȥʺϾı̫ˡ
뿪һʱˡ
ھž޳ǵĿı㹻ķ룬񻹲ܻšҪԭеļƻȥǱһ
ػԲľ磬ʵ˼ϻŵ𼶱ķǿ൱ܵεܣҹδоԼȥǱߣЩ뷨ˡ
ʹһ·ȻЩȺ·ʱҲٶ·ȺһЩ򵥵ĵ˽⡣
ʵһ˵ȺһʵԽǿռݵԽãʵԽ͵ռݵԽԽõģʵͻԽԽǿԽģʵͻԽԽһѭ
ǵᴩʱȷʵСΪǿȺǵȵ˱Եش˳űԵشǱеʱȺͲ̫ࡣͺñ壬һЩĵʵļ壬Ԫ֡ȺҲˡ
ҹδǶСȺ뷨
ա
ҹδƽһҹδһָ£ѾΪ˷ʦҹδǣԼҪȥǱһǿԹţڵȻ뿪̣뿪ء


489 ϴ
ųǽߣ·ǱС
ҹУŻٶȼ졣
ҹ
ҹδվһôϣŲԶһɽȥ
һȺݵǵ˽⣬ȺΪߵıԪʵϣԵشеȺΪߵļԪ硣иߵģҲ۶ûһܵ
ˣҹδҲɵһ·ɱȥҪǱȺƴȺһ鷳
ҹδ֪ʱһƶ֮أȴŴУһӱԼô죿
ҹδսģ͵ġ
ЩȺȻʵͣǲֿδؾûкöЩȺƽʱɼҩھȻϽǿȺҹδҪûжԼаĵر
Ѿ̽죬֪ȺĿⷿڲԶɽС
ӷнֻͷ˳ſ˴ڣҹδһӾ˽ȥȻͻһ磬ҹδɽϷ˹ȥ
ɽǰ
˸ֵڣʱѾҹ˸ΪߣʱҲأڰ˯֮䡣ҹδ뾫˷ڵһոչġһϢķ
Ƿͷţɽǰ
͡
һͬˮкذشҹδüкȻֳɰû˰˸üģҹδʶڵķ롣˸ʿûüһˡ
ҹδӿĿɨ˸壬ƲƲ˵ָ˸һûС
ߵɽʯǰϸһûʲô󣬾һͨʯšַʯϣһ£ûƶҹδ֪ʯ˨ˡ˵ʯҲ
㽫ӽʯڣʯڲûʿ˴ԼʮףͨһʯңʱȾơ
ҹδ뽫ֳƣݺݵش̽ʶ
ۡ
ʿڱѪһԴײʯϣˡ
ҹδջ˾ʯϵȻһ˨ѣʯűƿҹδ˽ȥ
ɽܴѷһӣҹδһӿһۣ涼һЩҩ㽫ӸϡĿһɨɽڣһٶӡһûСȺЩĶӦռģʱϵߡ
ҹδȡһָĴָȽ϶࣬жʮʿġҲʬõģҹδȻҲայĴȴָ࣬ڷһٶ
ɿؽһٶս˴ָȻ뿪ɽʹնȥһȺȥ
һɽڡ
ҹδ㷽ãЩʧһٶڣٲֵʯ󲿷ֶǲҩǶҹδ磬߳ĲҩûУһЩͨĿʯҹδ붼òϡ
ҹδ뿪ʼС֮УҹзɣٶȺܿ죬ڱӰû巢֡ͨÿҹĶһɨգȻ뿪һʱʱ䣬ͻᵽһȺȻ㿪ʼ̽飬̽һ죬Żȡһ
ջǳʮ˸ָѾʮȴûҵʺõĵرʵϸûҵĵرֲҩֿʯǲ٣һвٵʯҹδҪĲЩЩȣ֪߻ôã϶Ѿ׷ɱֻǻ׼ķλá
ԣߴ̫ãڻûҵԼҪĶ
һţʮʮ꣬¡ʮ꣬ǸʱҹδҲֻǰʮ꣬ʮ컨Ѿˡ
У֪ܲܵʮ꣬һʮ꣬ھͿˣڽڣ֮£ѣ
˵ڻܹ֧סʮҲֻһʿûе컨ܵһ۶ܹʲô
˽⣬ϣϵһԼֻʮԪһԼҲжԪֶܹ꣬һͺķʮ꣬컨أ
۶أ
ٶȣһߡ
ԣҪʱ䡣֮С
ҹ֪ؽȺĿⷿѸٵؽⷿеĶװ˴ָȻ뿪
˰죬ɶһѰҵصɽСͰϣſʼͷոյõջ


490 Σ
εõջЩöвƷʺܸߵĲҩҵһЩԣܹƷĿʯҲˣûҵԾаŵرڷһӵʱװһЩ߰Ķ
вƵıһЩʶĶһز鿴ȻŷЩƵıͨıȻѾˣʧȥܣǸһǿĸоҹδԼ֪ʶѰңһģƲ⡣
ЩƵıӦǷֻǶѾˣӦȺ֪˶ģȻûãҲûӣ˿ⷿУԼ˹
ʹõķǷǱǸһᵮĴڡ
һ飬ϱֳʧ涼˰
ʱһ߼ʯ壬ֳ˼֮ɫʯҲõġ
ԲʲôҲʲôʯȴһֻĸоһ֪ʯ岻򵥡ԲѰ֮涼û֣˰Ҳûп
˱ֻһ취ˣʶ͸뵽Ǹʯ塣
Ȼͳǿʯ֮С
һ͹ȥ졣
ӳѹдžϲҲź
Ѿȷʯǳʯ֮һ飬Ⱥˣף־Ǹ˿ⷿСҲȺΪͣʶ٣۽ҲխҪǱһȺõͽҿʯܡ
ǰʶ뵽ʯ壬ͬһƬǿ֮Уǳתʱ䣬ȴ˾ޣʯ岻ģֻһƬɼˣҲҹδ뽫ǳһЩǳһ˵ǣһ֮󣬷־ٶһҲ˵ʮɾ
ܹҵһ顭ˣ⼸ǧ겻ܲѰңҲŻһأ
ڣҲˣǳΪʲôûּأʯкأû֣κһ˶ǳͬҲûһͳһǳ
뵱£ƽ̺λɽʼ棬ҲǴʯĴ󱦵䣬ֻûǳ
Լܹ֮ΪԼѾǳΪԼǳԼѾ·ϣһĵ̣Ȼܹʯİ

ҹδ׼һȺѾС̽죬оΣգǵҹʱ֣ҹδ뿪ʼжˡ
ɳɽϷһȻ¶
ո¶ΣһֻСɽһצӴӿн٣ץ˹ɫ䣬ǸצȻһЩ룬ܾȻѪͣ彩Ӳȫá
ܵ
Ѫͣ彩ӲΪΪֻǵػķΪȴ׼ʶܶ
ʶѸ͸뵽ԼĴָһŷ𼶱ķӴָзɳֻնµצӺȥ
䡭
ֻСɽĴצӱüٶȣҹδָ硣ĵȴǱһƬ
Լôķ𼶱ķȻܽǸצӺ飬˵ԷӦһܵڡԼδҪˡ
ಡ
ҹδһͬʱͷųУԶȥ
䡭
һŭһֻܸΪǿצִҹ
䡭
һŷ𼶱ķҹգǸСɽצӡͬʱҹδԷ룬ͬһ㣬ͬһ޽ֻצһεצƺþȫû谭ƵЩ赲ɢǱ޽ɢͬǹ⣬צ
䡱һϣ㷢һͱðŵ׹ȥ
顱һˤ˵ϣҹδ˳Ϸͬʱٴμʶڵз룬нʹ룬žצ񹥻ͬʱҲסһнȫһͬʱ̫Ǹ
䡭
ܱһĶнһĶɢ̫ͶסǸǾצûҹδϣҹδѾʼѪ弡ʼѣͬһ鲼ƵĴѪʶѾʼЩ㱡Уһ
ϡ
һҹбնȥ
ۡ


491 
ǸգڸĴͻȻķѣͬһƬѪꡣ
ϣ
һལҹδҹյĿⶼֳһ˿ԣҹͬһ̻ĽȻЩܼͬһ㣬ŵ漤¡

һƬֻ֮ǲʮϢʱ䣬֮һƬžҹδ֪Ⱥųһȫնɱ
ΨԼ
ҹδû˿ϲ˽䱸ͷǸԼûһ˿˵ǷˣӶӲֵܣҹδ־塣
ҹгһӰҹδĶ档
ҹδ뿴ǸˣбһɣͬʱӿŨŨĸмǸʩ
лʦ
ֵǴңôɳ
ö룬ҹδ֪Լ͵͵뿪ŵʱ򣬾ѾҷˣӦԼͲ²⵽Լ͵ŵ뷨㿪ʼԼԼҹ뿪֮󣬱һֱиԼԼ˵ھž޳ǣҲڰбԼôɺϣ
˰ɡ
ǣ
ŶһҹδȻġƿˣʵûôأϾǸצӻûҹδָԼͷ˼˷ԼһʱƱõ߰˰ˡ
վΣĲб̾Ϣһֲ֪Ҫãָܹ
һֽеķջʶǱɫҲս˴ָ˱˿ⷿĶһɨգȻ˱Ѹٵȥ
һصɽȡ
ɽһˮ̶ˮ̶һһֻޡ
ҺҹδԶһ߳⣬һߺžƣȴû˵ֻޱԵòʱ򣬶ҿڵ
ѾǵػˣȻʣȴΪƶ
ǣҹδʱҲûʲôģ˼ҶԼĵˡ
أ
ҹδ΢һ£ڵӡõ˸ĹܹۡٱԼⲻܲҹδижͬʱһҲףڵļûˣûжˣֻ̣Ѱ󱬷Ļᡣ򲻻ͬҺķѼʱ䣬ĬĬرԼ
ҡ
ͻȻһ뷨Ǳڿ²㣬˵ڰźһţֻȴű
ܹҪˣЩڴвܿԱضŰİš
ԣҹδ벻׼ˣԼԽɫҲԽܹøõԴ
ʮأ
ʲôҵȻߵİ˶ȡ
ҹδֻٴʮأ
˻ǶҶһʮأ
ţҹδ֣صͷ
ҵͷųЦݣͬ峿ųЦŸҹδ붼ЦԶ塣
ãܺãǳãҵֳһ˿һȥɣܵػصţԺϣžûˡȫûл
ҹδһʦǲһˣ
ԣҹδŵĴ󲿷ԴбϣõԴõĴУõָȻЩҲ콾
⡭ôģ
ⲻҹδ뾪ȣԼԶʮ꣬˻ڵıڣ˶ˡһصģ
Ǻ㲻ͬ˵ǶЩϼһԳȥΪĴѰҵţȻ͵͵شš
Ǿûģ
ҲУǼ٣һ棬ڵĵӣûʲô콾һ棬żôҲҪ졣һƷԲˣڽгţй¶ŵܣſɾˡһԭڿĹУкܶ඼ˡ
ҹδûΪʲô϶Ǳڸɵİ
ΪʲôôʹңҲҪ𣿡
ЦԸˡ
ҹδˣҲ˵Ѿˡҹδ΢΢ͷʼ˼ԼҪҪܵʿ֮С
ʣǸܶ飬õĴУõԴõָ㡣ҲḶɡΪ˽֧϶¶档ڵõõԴõĴкõָ㣬ضҪΪƴûоòԡھǣ뱻Լʧȥжɡ
ҹδ˼ҵɫˡȻҹδ꣬жҹδƷҲи˽⡣Ǵʱҹδ˼вɻɣѵҹδ벻Ϊŵδƴ
Ҫҹδ벻룬ȴ֪ŵܣԼҪô
Ҫɱ


492 
ʱҹδ̧ͷʦҲǸܵĶ顣
ΪʲôѵҪţ
ô᣿ҹδؿŶңöһʵΪʲô
ҲϲԼ
ˣüͷõԴõĴкõָ㡣
֪ҹδҸҪɡʦģҵĸ
ǡΣաҲȻҶҲһЩ˽⣬Ͳһַˣ㲻ϼܶ飬ҲƲŵ֧ܶҪأضܵԼ
ǣ
Ȼϼ룬ⷽҲ˵Ҳʵʵشţȥ𣿡
ԣҾö鲻·ʱٳҲȥս
⣬㲻֣û֪Ϊһ֣Ϊͻᱩ¶ȥͬΣ壬ûбһܵʿΪҲᱩ¶ȥȻͻӭ޾Ĵɱֱɱ㡣
Ҳ鷢
ҹδҾôʧˣⲻᱻҵ˻ɡѾɶˡ
ҵɫһ䣬鷢Σڻ˺ܴľعȥҵɫҹδҲ֪Լ²û
ǾǵĿɡʦģһСĵģױ¶ҵΪġ
˼Ƭ̣Ҫȥ顣ھͻȥ
ҹδϴټȺȻһڵھž޳ٴһʱ䡣Ҵչ˷ͻȥ
ˣ
ʦ֮ǰû뵽͵͵ϴķ
һֱԣ㲻ȣţȱٶٷ룬Ÿ㡣֮ǰ㣬ǲ֪츳ҪŸЩ콾
ҹδһӣҲûʣˣԼհɡ
ҲУҵûм֣ǾͲҪϴˣԵشҲϴٲʲôö
ҹδ룬ӴָȡǸǳʯƬݸ˶ҵ
Ҳкöʦ㿴
ǳɫһץʯ壬ʶ̽˽ȥ
ҹδüͷһ£˵Զҵûǳʯģȴһϳˡ
˵ʲô
˵ҼʯƬҲҹδóʯĿģռʯƬҲƬ
Ȼǳ̧ͷǴõģ
ţҹδͷ
ҹδǸ񣬶Ҳ˲⡣һ
Щ꣬Ҳռһ顣ϽţǿһʱΣ
ãҹδ뺬ЦͷҲЦˣģŲ㡣жĽʲôûȥ顣ߵ塭Ǿɨһ
˿ʼأ˳ʼɨ岿䡣ûöңҲҹУֻβ߻ǶҴҹδɡ
ǷɵĽһ죬ܹﵽһȺȻҸľǻʣµĶҹδ룬ҹδɰԭеϰߣһĲֿ⣬ȻҲ˺壬ȥ˲̫ĺ䶯壬ԶҵٶȣϢѾصھųˡǺֺ䶯Ļɣҹδ뱻ϡ
ʧǣҲûҵǳʯƬҲûջ񣬻ҹδҵ˼ĵر
һܹƳ鵤ģʿʶһ⬲ݵģ컨аõһ٣ܵʿЧѾҹδˡ
ˣȥƳ鵤Ȼٸҹδ롣
ˣ˱ص˵ھųǡ
ȻǷֿģһ˻ҹδµʱ䡣
ص˵ھųǣҹδһЩѾ˾ۣȻ¿ҵһһռֲϡһαǰȥҹδѾʮˣӵ˶ʮֵԵķ룬Ҳûȥˡ
꣬鵤ѾˣܹƳ鵤Ҷҹδ롣鵤ҹδʮ깦ٶȣжʮ꣬ҹδʶӦȫˡ
ҹδһ糿ͻȻԼҪ뿪ˣһЩʯһЩУ̤˵ţƮȻȥΧ̵ϰֱѾԶ˵ھųǡ
һ뿪ģ֪ʦ֪ʦ
Ҳһֱûг֣ûдһ·ɣšһˣԸȥĶȥĶ


493 뷲
ҹδˣӼŵڣѾȥʱ䡣࣬һ롣ƵߣӵھųƵγɣߵҲͲൽʱˣʹǼһ棬ٷš
η֮󣬱㲻֪Ҫٳ
һߣһһ򽣵
ڻϷн󣬶ǴнֵԵİںϵнС
н󣬲ֻһںеĽнǿĲΡ»һһЩĽ󡣱ǽľˮ󣬻
ҹδҲûЩ󣬶ǽİ򣬿ʼн
һнˣнҲΪǿ
˾ͷֳΡ
нԵĽ󣬺ǿԽ
ľн
Ӷǽ𽣾ڲ𽣾ͽȡںϣһǳں˽
ǰǳǰմں֮ĹȥûжءԴǸʯƬ֮ǳ򵥡
˵Ǹʯ򵥡
ǸʯԲǳ˵Ӧֻʯǳǲζʯھֻǳ˵ÿ˴ʯĶһ
츳ߵӦǳ£ƽ̵̺ĴʼˣΪ츳Ӧֻܹ쾭ܲأƱ
ҹδأ
˲һЩǳһЩ
ǵģ
˹˵
Ϊʯȫʯڵǿգ·ֻǿյһǣҹδ˵Ѿ㹻ˡ
ʯڵĵͽ𽣾еںϣһִһнʽơ
ˣԽǵȴܲôһʼղôһԲͨ͸
һա
˵ڰ˹غһСǣһδǵĳǳء
˵ԭ׼һǵģԲȡΪδǡ
δ룬ûб߼ʵ˼
Ǿ˵һСҪĳǣǸСŵֶûʷУδǸ߽һڳǣСǣǸűˣδǾͳСǡ
֮ǰҹδ뻹治֪ôһСǣΪȥҴҡʱδǣȻԼһҪ䡣
߽ţĿоСǺǳ¾ɣЩҲ
ǽֵϵȴǲ٣
ҹδ볹Լ飬УŽֵߡ
ҹδ뷢СеķˣҲͨ˺ܶ࣬ȻʿΪĲΣǿġһûΪʿܹġҹδ뿴ֵϵ˾ųɶͨˣ˵Ϊ͵ˡ
ֲδ˳¾ɺǣ
ֵԵĵ̣ҲǺͨйأʿ޹ء
ʲôµ꣬꣬꣬ƹݣݣ˵ģġ
һƽϮҹδͷָо
ܾûйˣ

ûй
вʱڰɽǵǶʱ䣬ûиоƽΪ֪Լܿȥȥʲôƽ
ǴʱȴͬѾǵػԲҾѾԶƽ֮УƽϮͷ
ƽ
ҹδУ蹬΢΢𶯡룬ȥһԺ䡣
ҹδδסÿյǳͣÿ칹αĶͣһͨһÿһ߲ˣȥ¶гˣ֮ˮ⣬ڲ¥ơ
ΪͻƵػӿƿʼѾҪϢˣѾûܹǵػʿˣƻڼأϸϢʼͨ˽ӽ
豹棡
һա
гһ̯λչ˿͵ܸľ
ʱڸһСкһֻľ
ͻȻͣһ˲䣬·ʲôƽ˳ôŰƷľſ̵վ·ҹһ뿪ˡǸСккš㡱ȥҹδ룬ȴһ͵ƿ
쳣Χ¶˾֮ɫǾȵҹδ뾹ȻһʿһʿȻ̣
һ˱㲻ÿҹδȫŽֵǰУһֱ߳δǣһֱǰС
ʱʶ𶯣һ衭
ߵ䣬ߵճ
֮ʣҹδ˫Ŀ۹⣬Ȼںһ

ʶڵһ֮мۣ۳һţ絰ǣɢ貵ĹâǹŵҸһ仨Ǳ˻͵ػʱżȻ֮Уҹδ뷲ļУ豹棬Ȼڵػ֮ڣѾ컨ӡ


494 
ζʲô
ζһϣʶΪ֣߶ӷѿʢɾ컨֮
ƿ
жʿƿ£һ޷컨֮ҹδȴƽ֮˲ƽǰӡ
ҹδˣãȻؿһܣԼѾδˣһƬɽ֮У˼ֻг޺

³һµԼţҲ֪ԼŶʦİбԲ˳֮С
̫Σˣ
һֱĶңҲʮֽţǽҹδΣգڣҹδʲôΣգҲܹϢؽ򲻹Ĵʿ֡
ôܣ
ڵҹδԣûִʿ⣬ʿ
ŵǣѾҹδʿһӶѷĶ֮УҹδܹŽšԣʱҹδˣҲȣ˼ҹδǰ
δ룬ʲô
ҹδֿЦ컨֣֮
컨֣֮۾һģ
ҵɫҹδ뷴ּ侲ΪӶҵɫпϲȴûпԼֵػ컨ֵ֮ˣҲֹһ˵ĵоˡǱͷ
ţģ
ãܺãǳã
ڴЦУҵӰʧˣֻлصЦȴ֪
ҹδЦˣڱһ̬ȣԸڼٻţͻءԸĴϹ䣬Ϲ䣬ڰҹδ롣
ҹδ츳Ӯõɣ
Űʩһ񣬵Ҳû˵ʲôл
Ȳ˵ǶݶҪΪ丰ǡ
һʱ䣬ʹǼ滹һ꣬ʼ΢ӿٶȡͬʱҲָճ
ʱ仹һ࣬ҹδ˵ǣסǼҿջҸ߻ƣҹۣ
ס˿ջϴϢշ糾ƣ;ȥ緹һһߺһ˼
ɢϢӵƽѾͲϢˣȫΪ˲²ΪҲ²һػ²²ֻǴ徳
ĻָʶÿȲǲõҩôȥҲаʮ˵ʮʱȫҺ
ĵĲʵѾͲһȴҹδֻͣҪһʱ䣬ͿһһһͻƵ𾳽硣
Լ֪Լ飬һʼı˲ͬǲͬǱռģֳ̫󣬶Ҿ˽֪ʶͻƷɲǼʱ䣬˵ʷͻʱһ𣬻ʮһʱ䣬ͻƣΣ̫ࡣҪصڡ
𽣾ڴﵽΪԲ磬ΪʲôΪԲԲΪں˽𽣾ǳʯƬγڵĽ𽣾ǳʯȫֻһ顣ԼܹõǳʯУνԲ
ںߣһʽơ
Ҳ˵ںϺĽ𽣾Уǳʯڰռ˴ںϡʯڵĵȷʵҹδҪ֪ʯĳӦһϢɵá
ҹδ뿪ʼںľľǳʯڵĵ
ȴеһҪΰţ
ҪҪʼһķ
ҹδ룬ǷˡصţĲ㹹ɣʱ򿴿ûиĽĵطٿʼ㡣
һжԼŲȷ
ֲ֮ȷڼǿоԼķĲƺԼ֮ǰоĲ̫һˡ
ҹδɲäĿعαǾռڵǧ֪⹹ǧٴΣҲռпԼɹ֮α
أ
û˿󣬶֮ǰҲһֱоȷռʱһȴоЩͬˡ
˺öΣûвͬ
һ
ǸоŲͬǳȫʱһһֲͬĸоͲ̹㣬Ҫɹ󣬻һʲô
ûдָ
ⲻ뵽Ǹһĵӡ
õĴУõԴõָ㡭
ãջǾ֮ءʵǲľܶػػһĽŲһֱһطǳȥҲ֣һ˵ľΪӰһ˵ĥ¡
ĻҹδԼΪ˵ŵü


495 پ
ÿ˵ʽͬ
еҲʺʽһܵĵطӰľдٽáʽҹδ֪ʺԼ
ˣ
ûָûУԼ
ڵĲԷĴϣͰǰĸ־顣ҹδϽݾȻûдǰָ㣬ȴҲܹںϰټ֮߳Լĵ·
ûʿľȣ˵֮ǰĴҲ˵ܹϴʮȺõĺԴ˵ڵھųǿ̵꣬ȡԴѾ㹻ȡµ㣬ڲĶˡ
һУҲƻһУҹδֻص棬ʼĸָȻʼѡʺϴ磬㣬ĸǹΪĸԴŽĸָ
ʯвҩпʯȵȡ
һУҹδԼʼڵǹ
ǿɱδǴ̫࣬δǴǧֹڵˣ󲿷ֶʿδǵķΧͬ
ÿҹδ͹ǣôһǣһ¶䲻ꡣԵҹδ˶ʮʱǹˡ
ڵصķ룬ҹδ˵ҲԳΪԱǰȴû뵽ҹδø硣
ٴμǹ⣬оʷ˱仯һʵ
ԭǹҲѧͺһûпĽȴһ˵ƣ·һǧı
Ǳڵϴ
ǹ˫Ŀ֮䣬Ŀⶼ罣һˣΪ͵Ϊһۣͻʧء
ڣԶ
磬ǸոͻƲã
ţǹͷͻ˻ˣʱ䣬̫ˡոͻƣͼˡ֪˵˼Щˣһڣһʱ䣬ͻȥâ
ҹδиˣʱ䣬ܹͻƵ˻ʮ˻ΪѾǵˡ
ҹδȡһָݸЩԵ㡣
ǹӹ˴ָһ£¶ݣ⡭ȥˣѵûţ
ҹδҡҡͷ㽫ŵ״Լ˵Ȼȥصû˵˵ЩԴԼ껻ġ
ǹһӣûѶδ룬ܹ֮ôͻƵ˻֮ǰԴָôԴȡͻƵػˣʲô磿
ػԲ

ǹһû˿ľȣҹδѾľˡҹδһʱܳĿҹδֻǶԼոͻ˻ϲɢ˲١
ôҹδʵ
ܺãǹֿЦˣȻڲҲĽޣԸֱģҽڵպܸߣڶⷽ棬ֺŽᡣҺϲ
ҹδҲֳĽ֮ɫҲϲš
ֻǡ

˽˺ܾãҹ̸
ڶ죬˱һʼǣһ߹䣬һߵ໥ĵáڵǣҹδҲȡ˺ܶԼҪĺͲҪģЩʯпʯͲҩȵȣҲҪѰʯƬûҵ
ûòҩͿʯԭȥȡǸƵЩҩȥȡ
ҩȻܴ󣬵Ǿ鵤鵤ȵȵͽ׵ҩԸûע⣬ôǵҩ룬һˮҲһ̶һڶ̣ԼõԭϣŻȥһ
䣬žˣȻˣ۰Ҳˡ
ΪߵȻĳ̶ѾҹδˣžҲͻƵ˵ػ۰ȻҲˡ
ĶǶĹ
ҹδΪԼʣžΪѪĶںϺǳȻƱ䣬۰Ƿܲأǹĵ쾭
ЩĹעǵĲټŷḻԴֽ׶֮ģΪٶȼΪ٣ԵصΪŵķ
ҹδԡ
ҹδ뽫׼õĴָ˴ĸ磬֮ÿĳ̸ǸԽԼΣ໥ĵáҹδΪۿʯƬԶǳ˸ǳڸž䡣ǵȻ۰Ժǹ洫ڵģҲһ£ûнĵط
ǳûҹδ츳ҲûžľѪ
ڼ仹õһϢ
磬ƽˡ


496 
ڵΪȻ࣬ģȻֱҵ诣ȻҲŻߣȻƽ졣
ƽ̴ʼߵĴڣȻôܲһӱǳ
λҲҸȻɫοڶƽ̵ӣ
ҲʵسȻĸףžĸƹȡƹȲûΪλˣλƹúܺãֻǸɡҴӦȥ֮󣬻Ὣλ˵װףȻȡ˵Ըƹǻصɽǡ
ǰˣȻû̫Σա
õϢҶʮָˡҹδ룬ʧȥеˣȴһ˻
ֻ硭
Ǵʱž䣬Ȼ۰Ժǹⶼû
ҶţΪʲôͻ
ҹδҲѯŶʲô֣ЩڸȻΪص㣬ȴɲԲôҪ飬ǲ֪ȴ֪ǵŶڣЩΪ͵ʿֻҪһ̸ڣһõģ
ҹδܳء
׼ţЧ
һٶǬЧ
ٴηֿûԼ´μʱ䡣ΪΪԽߣͻԽѣҪʱҲԽ֪ʲôʱչһ£ʱˡҴҲˣԸԵΪͱӵӦڲõĽ˴˵Ϣپһ໥
˰죬˸ȥҹδŵȥٶȿˡڻкܳһξʱһֱٵĶҳˡҹɫ֪ǱлţֱͻŶȻȥ
ҹδ֮ȥ˵壬ǡ
һҹδ룬ҹδһߵסȻӸһɨһ۴ĲҩüЦ
ҹʦ㣬αչôôã

ҹδ뿪ǰڶϹһչصӣʿΪڱչءһʿչظģ֡
ţʱǳһЩ
ҪͻƵػˣ
ţ
ҹδͷҪֵ͵˶ϣȻԼѾǵػ۷壬ҲĻʮңͻͻƵ컨Ϊһɳ׾ͻƣûƿѾ컨֮֡
ͻƵ찡ˣҲ¶֮̾ɫ
⼸ôҹδʵ
̾ҹδʵķ棬û̫ĸоЩڻ󣬿ʼŸһ壬ϼҡ
ǣҲ֪һɳס
˵һ⣺ڶһĹۡ
ţ
ԭΪֻǻԵĻƻ衣ȴû뵽ڻһʱŪ˲ˣЩ˶ǻҰڵİ̽
ô֪
ǵһЦҵĲҩĸѾǸ߼ʦò˶ãͻΪʦ䣬־磬˵ڣڵˡԣҿʼȥһЩȽϸ߼ļƻУ˲֪飬Ҷٻ֪һЩ
˵еĹâʢӲ̽һŲԵһֱżƻȻҲ֪Żʲôƻܱûкá
ҹδͷǿʼӴһЩܣǻڱ㡣ʿ飬֪
ҹʦ㣬ϼҪﵽǰ㣬Ҫܾõʱ䣬ʮ˵ʱ䣬Ŷ͸̶ֳȡڵıϼ۴ʵʿϣһҵͻȻȻҲڳֵĺۼȴⱻɣԱϼҲضҪܶࡣ
ԣĿǰŵⲿǱ֮ǰࡣ
ҲûзֵЩŶʲôжҲرעһ£ĹעҲûˡҲΪôͲԭ򡣱ϾһһֱûȵˣǵҲͲˡûбҪΪһŵˣ֡
ǻʣµأҼǵһܵ
˵ܵ˵ǸҲǻҵ滪Խʧˡ
ҹδ벻üͷô⼸꣬ûдʿǽΪŵʿ
˵Խⰵɱŵʿ
ţ
ûУҡͷȻҲʿʧ٣û˵û˵ܵĴʿڽΪŵʿźҲûʲôš


497 һ
ҹδҲһţҪСġ
ף⼸һֱСġ
ǾСһЩ
ţ
ҹδ뿪ˣõҹδĲҩֿʼæɽ·ŵĴȥ
ѾԼԴ˵źĲҩЩҩʺϴ徳ĶУߵľ綼СֻԽϣҩͲȫˡ
ȷ˵ӵҩǾӹҪָҩҹδ벻ȱҩȴҩʺھ鵤Ҳȱٸҩȱٵҩ״ԽԽˣӵĳֵҩҪĲеļ֣Ҳȱеһֻ֡
пȱٵҩееģеûеġӹžУûСҼУȴҲǳҪĹµ㡣
ڵҹδ˽˺ܶ࣬ż˵ûУҲӦУֻЩʿϡûκΰ취ŰеģԼҪģڲҪδȴҪģһ
ȷ˵컨ҪƮ쵤ҹδ벻ȱٸҩģȱҩƮݡС
ܹ
ҹδе
Ժ㲻ȥҴ磬㣬ĸǹ⣬ѲҩʯȸǣȥǵŶһȻٸԼһ£Լͻ֮ǰԼӦòȱԴ
߽Ĵλʦҹδ룬۾Цʣһ죺
Сδ룬ˡ͵¹ˡ
ҹδ벻ˣʦζһĹµɶࡣ
ʦˣԽԽð
ҹδȡһָݸʦ
ʦʶ̽뵽ָУɫЩЩʧƴҩҺĲҩ
ţ󰡣øѧͽġ
ҹδɨ弸ʮȺջ˴ĵͽײҩֲҩŸûãһԾͶ׼һš
ʦֳΪ֮ɫСδ밡ŲȱЩĲҩЩҩ̫ͨˣ־ܹһƬԣЩҩҲֻܹԲҩļ۸һ֮ǰַʽһ

ҹδһӣ˵ǿԺʦģа̸ǰķʽ߽׵ĲҩҾͲһˡһʦضӦ뵽ʦˣͷ
УͰҩļ۸һǺõĲҩٲˡ
Сδʦҹδ˴Ĵָ
ʱ򣬴ڵһЩʦΧ˹Щ˼ʶҹδ룬ҹδڵ죬ǿҹδǵĲүܹṩĲҩΨһȱǣṩĲҩƷ̫ˣرЩʦһֱпҹδܹṩʦĵҩϾͺˡԵǿҹδóֻƴҩҺĲҩʱȱȱ
ֵܹǧ๦µ㣬ˣҸһɡʱʦ˿ڵ
ҹδһڣʦȴСδ룬ҲˡڸҪЩҩһóô࣬ŵʦڶʱڶøɱˣȥƴҩҺˣûôĵͽʿ
򰡣ҹδƲƲΪҲ֪ڷŴĵ̡Ҫ۵ľǴҩҺ
ֵʦɫһڣΪôţȻڷУҩҺΪֻҪ۵Ķܹ٣
ΧЩʦ϶ֳ֮ɫҹδҲֳ֮ɫ
ôţȻ֮ŷУڵҩ棬ԼĵӶãôóȥۣ
ҩҺͳڵƷǴҩҺ˰ӦЩŵƷһôţѴҩҺƷǳΪŵĴЦ
ɰɣ
ҹδ벻˵ˣӹʦݹһմָȻֵݸʦһָָװĶʺͨҩڵھųǿյģɨȺյģҪ֮ǰʹһջĻࡣ
ʦʶɨֳһ˿ϲɫСδ룬ЩҩЩлԣֲЩҩˡθһЩ
ʦμʱ䳤һЩ֮ǰһ򣬸򹦵µɡ
ҹδ⣬ͷһԵʦʵʦʲôεĲҩ
ͨ
Ŷ
󲿷ʦֳʧ֮ɫҲһСָոճΪʦʿ
ҹδӹ˿մָȻȡһָݹȥʦָװĶʺϿĲҩ


498 
һ£һʿ۾ʦҲ˵ؽӹ˴ָʶһɨ
Сδ룬㲻һֱڱչôǴļҵıⰡ
ҹδҡҡͷǼ֮ǰǱߵջ񡣡
ʦ̾Ϣһ㻹ǹƴġ
ٵؼ꣬һմָݸҹδЩҩһǧ򹦵µ㣬ܹһǧ򹦵µ㡣
ҹδͷȡһָݹȥЩҩʺġ
Ӵ㻹ǵһóôƷĲҩ
ҹδЦЦ׼ԼòϵĲҩһˡһԼҪµ㣬һҲϣܹšЩҩͿƳҩЩҩŵӻȥܹΪΪˣŵʵҲˡָʿʵ̫һˡһţ콾ҪͨʿҲҪ
ʦɫϲСδ밡ЩҩһЩлԣֻܹнӵġȻҩƷֲȫҲЩ֣ܹȫܹҩ԰Ʒһһ£Ժ󲻻̫ȱԴˡҴлл㡣
ҹδæֵЩҩҲòϣֲǲҹµ㣬ʦˡ
ʦοصͷȻʼͷһ̧ͷ
Щǧ򹦵µ㣬ܹǧ򹦵µ㡣㻹вҩ𣿡
У
ʦЩʦ۾һĿҹδóһָݸʦ
ʦﶼʺ˻ĲҩȻЩȫҲȱٲ˼֡
ʦһҹδȥ˴ָʶ͸˽ȥȻüɫΧʦҲ죬ʦ̧ͷ
Сδ룬Ҳ˻ҪһЩ𣿡
ϾҪͻƵػˣЩҩòˡ
ããʦüЦЩҩҸǧ򹦵µ㣬ܹǧ׵㡣㻹ʺϵػĲҩ𣿡
ҹδҡҡͷȻУǲóڸ߱ԼҪͻƵػóôʺϵػĲҩ˻ɵġʦؿһۣšҲû˵ʲôҹδĹףѾκһʿˣҪ̫ࡣ
ҹδ뿪˵ûȥȥְԼӵеһЩǺԼȫòϵĿʯ϶һǧ򹦵µ㣬ܹӵһǧ򹦵µ㣬ȻʼһԼҪģδҪҩĵرһͻһǧ๦µ㣬ֻʣ˲򹦵µ㣬ĺ䶯ĽĿ뿪
֪ԼˣҲûа취Լٵ͵һʱǣϣʱܹ˵һС
صֵһ죬Ҳûмʦ룬ʼȫһзɾα
˶󷨣Ȼ㿪ʼڷĲ㹹з
һ
Ĳ㲼зγһ塣
ˣһռڻɡ
ҹδ۾αռĵС
Ĳ㣬ʼգأදⰵס
ţ
ҹδ΢΢üͷӸ֪һֲͬһ֮ǰռαռĲͬ
ڿռûʲôֻͬǶһϢ
һҹδЩϤϢ
ǡ
ҹδͻȻһ
ƽϢ˵˵ϢƽŲƽϢ
Ϊʲô
ҹδ뽥ӦñδƽŲƽһַ豹Ϣ
ҹδ벻ϢαʲôʵӰ죬ȴܹ֪ĿǰӰǺõķαҪռαռҪȶһЩ
ȶ
һռʮҪΪȶռͲΪȶռͻ̣˲ǹǷ
ڵαռ䲢ûнһڻ
ؼϺ͸ָҹδĶŶڵҹδҹδ룬ҹδա
ҹδ빹з˷Ĳ㣬ʮԣһһ磬죬ƣǵأɽˮȵȣʵ϶ɽˮı󣬶ǷԵúǹ졣
ϵȵȸӿ룬Щڽ䵭·Ҫ뵽ĲĿռ䡣ֻ䵭ٶʮֻ
αȵЩȫأĲںϣǱΪĶǸʱҹδͻΪ𡣵ȻҪĲ㶼ˡ
ģҹδͻƣֻҪȶαռ䣬ڳ֮󣬱αȶ֮󣬷ںһĹ̡ҹδ벻ʱαҲɳֻٶȻἫʱٶȻӿ죬Ǻĳɳȣٶ


499 ͻ
ַֻʽҹδ뽫Ĳ㶼꣬ҪαΪҲҪʱ⣬һĳɳǲ׵ģα
꣬ǸʱҹδԪͻʣ²ꡣĳΪĴԪͻǧ꣬Ǹʱҹδӵһǧ˰ԪĵģҲʣ½һǧԪ
ûôΣգԼûбСŶϣҹδҲԸ˳ȻʣһǧԪͻҲȡ
ڲУҪܿΪ
ôܹαɳÿһЩ
ǾҪشҹδÿһζԴУαٻһԾʽ١
𾪵ٶԾǶһζҲܹһα졣
Ƕ򡭡
ͨ£һʿһӶһΡ
Ҳ
ʱҹδû˼Щȫ֮СͻƵʱĶͣÿһͻƵʱ򣬶ø׵ʱøͨʿҲˡ
ͨʿ콾ʱ䳤̣ͨʿʱ̣콾ʱ᳤
ͻƣƲƴ󣬿˵ǲЩϵȵһҹδ뻺Ȼҹδ뻺գΪһαγɣԭһĹ̡ͬǷһһӾͿ׼ԭϣҲһȥǡ
ҹδסĵطʮƫƧƲԵͻƣûκ˵⡣
һ졣
졣
졣
һӰҹδĶǰĿ˶ǰŵıչϣ΢΢۾ϸ֪Χ͵ϵȵ
Ƕң΢΢۾Ȼһʿûиĵ;磬䣬ûпͻƷĳ棬Ȼܹ֪ͻƷĹ̡
͵ϵ滺ȣȴᶨһҹδĶ
ǡͻƷ

³һҹδͻƷżȵ𾪡
뵱彮Ǳߣҹδܵǿߵʱҹδͷŷ𼶱ķûҹδԼģҲΪҹδġǷô𼶱ķ
Ϊҹδڵھųǹģҹδȫһڵھųǿˣô𼶱ķ
ο
֪ҹδڵʱòҩһĹµ㣬٣
ԣǸʱûҹδǲǸ޵ķʲô硣
ڿֹǸް
޵ʿ䡭ʮꡭҲǷ𰡣
ϸ룬Ŀǰ˵֮ڣƺԼû˵ʮµķ
ŵűԣУҲǸŵľ콾Ϊϡ١
οҹδ뻹ޣǸޡ
δҹδ޵ĻǷǸޡ
Ҫ֪ҹδǵػʮأͺΪ磬Ǵʿе콾
ôܻѷ˷
Ѿ콾ˣѾ콾ˡ
ˣΪҹδ뻹ڱչأǶҹδҪˣҪȥ顣֮ǰľҪı䡣
ҹδȫ֮У֮ⷢȫ֪ŻעڣӦòΣա
һֱڳ·ڿ쳵ϣٶȺܿ죬
֪ΪһֱУǷйϵܡ˵езΪġαĳɳȴа
ȫ
Ȼҹδ޷̶ֳȣлȴҲϣԶΪ磬ڷʱҲĳ
Ķ⣬ֳ˼Ӱ
⼸˴ʱվҹδĶ֮⣬ܱߵĹŤȫǵĴڣʱ˾վǵĸҲᷢǡ
ܹĸˡ
վмǵȸԪʿҲһһŮʿǸʿ֮һֵԪʿǸŮҲ֮һѩԪʿȸıǶңʿ
ʱĸʿظ֪ǵϵüëʶ˸â
ȻͻƷ𣡡ȸɫһ˿
ѩҲ˸żŮר޷ǴпΪ
ֵնʦֶԣҹδѾǵػʮأ˵ֻжʮ꣬ǰʮܹ꣬ػʮأҲ콾ˡרעʿδҲɹ


500 Ƶ
ȸ˼Ƭ̣΢΢ҡͷָֻܹ㣬ĻҹδԼڵĴͳǲӵķ򡣡
϶΢΢ͷҵζԴҹδ룿
ϵ϶ֳΪ֮ɫȸҹδ벻ƵĹǿ𣿡
ǿңһֵǳǿҡ
ȸҡͷЦҹδܹԼ͵͵ܳȥܵھŹأ뵽أܹһֵˣƵų⣬֪
ǡ
ȻԼԸȸڳ˼ϵɫȴԽԽᶨǾԸɿбԴڵĿ⡣ʱΪ˱Ƶǻڱƶһ£ΪĿĽ㡣
Ҳ
Ҫ˵
ٻȥһ°ɣŲܱҹδ룬ҪԸ
ĸʧˡ
պ
ֳҹδĶſڣڻᶨŶɴһӣһʧſڣڲԶһô֮ϣϥ֦ϣ֦ƶ·һ֦ѱ֡
һ¹ȥż򶴸ŵĿʱ̫ˣ˿ҹδ츳ԼĻҪ߰
ֹȥ˶ʮһ죬͵Ͻɢȥ
ڡ
ҹδԼķĲ㣬Ȼֳϲû뵽ԼͻƸ򣬵ĲЩзѾһ룬ȥЩ͸ˡһ£ԺǺͨʿһҲòꡣҲ͹ˡ
룬ʼԣԼʱ۾žϲò꣬Լֽʱٴ̣ƶʮͲˡ
ڵǽһ㶼зɡ
ȹһأ
ҹδȹһ㣬ΪĲĹȻƽϢҲ˵˵ϢڵһֱһŨĿռ䣬˵Ҫڵһ㹹з֮󣬻ʲô仯ųںУ
ţ
ҹδȻʡ
ԼľˣԭԼҪʮĿޣڴԼҪʮ꣬ǰꡣ
˼Ƭ̣лȻ
ӦԼͻƽµʱ䣬ϵϴԼľڲ֪еõ
ȭҾ컨Զˡ
֪䣬ΪЩ콾жٲࣿ
ţ
֪ƣ㽫ʶӶǶվ档㼱æ˶ſڣ򿪴š
ʦ
ȥ˵ɣ
ʦ룡
˻صڣҺЦϲͻƵ𡣡
ҹδֿЦˣлл
񣬿ڵδ룬Ŷʮ꣬ǵػʮغͷûרעһ·죬ߵøԶ
ҾҲδˣҸо˵ศɣ׵һҲӰҵٶȡ
ҵͷŲķֻһ飬ĻԼ
ףллʦ
ҵֳЦݣҪȶľҪҪͻƵһ磬ͨҪʱ䡣ػͻ컨ڼʶ̾Ҫ꣬߸á
סҪȣħ
ף
ҹδ֣صͷʵ黹ЩȡȻ֪ԼԼʮҾܹͻƵ컨ҾܹͻƵ𡣵ܹ
ԼΪ̫ˡ
Ҳ˺Ϣ
ʲôϢ
ҹδ۾һ֪ʦضԼ飬ԼǸܶ飬ҲԼбҲܹԼٶȡ
ţȡһʯݸҹδʯŵõǳʯƬԸһꡣ
лʦҹδ˵ؽӹ
лҰֵӦõõģõʯƬġ⻹ֻһϢ
ҹδʱƽвûлϲЩ֪Ż᲻һҪǸʿ顣Ǻ⣬Լʺϡ
Ұڰֵ㲻ýţŲ㡣Ҳھ׼ȥһƵȥ֮
Ƶ
ԣƵŵʿĵط
ڴеĵ죿ûɣ
û
ǡҪ߶ã
ҵֳЦ⣺ʱ֪ˡ
ǡ


501 Ե
ģŻľƵҵ̬棺
һƵԺ㲻ƵˡϾǹģΪù죬ű¶ƵĿܡ
ף
У˵ĺϢǣſԸԵ
ҹδ۾
Ƶһ֪ʲôΪ֡Ϊʵ̫ˡҶ϶ơһöԷʿĸЧ˵ǷƵڣûмڷʿЧ̫ˡ
˵ǿͻƵٶȡܹ٣ҪԼȥԡҾܹʡʮꡣ
ҹδ۾һܹʡʮ꣬ԼֻҪңͿͻƵˡ
ڶԵƵһء
㲻ҪᣬⲻĻءģԼġ뵱ϺնɱһؾþɡܹӿʿľٶȡȻЧҲܹʡʿʮꡣ
ҹδ˵ԼϾܹɾˣ
ǣ㲻ƵԵҲֻܹʹһΡ
ҹδҿɲ˻ԵĻԵҽ㶼𾳽ȥ
ԣҵǲƵˡ
ҹδͷʦҲ֪ƵЩʿģγġػкܶһݵܾǡΪٸߣս𣿡
Ĭԡ
Ҳǻ³ιУǲĥ¡
ҼĬԡ
ҾҲӰΪٶȣٺãԴٷḻ
̾һ˵Щ涼ڣҲ֪ڵĻ֣ǲܴ⡣
ףҲȥԼ·
ڳĬˣ죬ҵͷŲǿ㣬һ£Ҳ޷㡣ǰھŹءΪ죬Ҹٱ㡣ѾȷȥƵԺŲٰб㡣ȻЩԴǿбġûеԴƵеģԸһ
лʦ
ҹδȡһʶ̽ʼһЩϡЩ϶ȱٵһЩԴ컨ȱٵĳһζҩܵȵԼȱٵĲϡźܶĲϣǸֵҩȱһζζЩ֮󣬵ݸ˶ҵ
ʦЩҪһģ㿴ûУ
Ȼ㿪ʼָװԴӵеĲȻȱһֻ࣬ӵȷʵܶࡣ
Щҩ󲿷ֶǵžһʱǱߵõġҩҲǾ۶ѳģһ־һƬкܶࡣ
һ£óһ룬һ롣µһ룬ҲòˣſЩҩȥҴǣһԼȱٵĲҩ
ʱ򣬶Ҳˣ̧ͷҹδҪЩܹˣмֻĵرڲǣЩСʲô٣
ҹδ뽫ָݹȥʦЩôܹ棿
ʦָ˵Ȼӹָʶһɨ¶֮ɫ
㡭ôö
̧ͷҹδ룬ɫδ룬Ȼĵ֪ûд⡣ȺѾóĲҩóôĲҩŲ֪˵أֻͨҲͰˡſǰ㵱ĵġ仰˵ŵδļҪеһ֡
𣿡
ܣҹδɫҲʦ˵Ǳֹռѷ𣿡
֪˽ǱѾϢѷѾӡˣٳ֡˼ģ
ԣǱѷ˽磬һ·Ǳӵҹδҵ˽Щҩһ·ڵġ
ˣһ㣬ҹδԲļϸҹδĹɱ¾ϴ٣ļϸˡɻȥ飬ڰҹδ֮ǰǲȥƵġһҹҹδ룬ҹδʧҰ֮С
ôڣǵ
ѧǳ쾭̥ǳʶһǳߵøԶ


502 Ƶ
ˣЩһ㰴ѵķһȥƵ֮ǰ㲻Ҫ뿪ţʱϢ
ǣҹδͷϲʦԼҲ֪Ҫȥ˽ҡϣܹһ뾡ȥأҲ֪֮;һ죬졣
ģŻһܵʿȥܿġ
뿪ˣҹδȡǿʯʯ壬ʶ̽˽ȥ뵽һƬǿա
һ졣
졣
졣

ҹδΧĿռԽӵΧת
һ¹ȥ
ҹδǱѣ津ơʶӳȥվ棬ʯ壬ӭ˳ȥҿҹδ룬һ˿ȣ֪ҹδתȻڿٵɢȥ˵һʱ䣬ҹδ١
һŰ
ҹδ뽫ӭ˶ҵݸҹδһ
δ룬ǳ

ʲôЦô᲻ǳĴУ˵ڣǵµҲС
˵߷ߵǴߵġֻҲûã°ʦ˼ңûܹˣҪߵʡԣڣǵЩţҲǳ֮߸

ʲô
ҹƵЩҲѰʳĵӣҪҵһܹǳˡҲǣֻǵĿǰΪֹûҵ֪ûҵҵ
оһ£ԽǲҪʲäĿġ
ллʦסҹδ뻶ϲؽ
ȡһָݸҹδǸһĲϣ㿴ɻ⣿
ҹδӹָʶһɨлϲѾȱԴˡ
Ϣһ죬ҴȥƵ
ã
˶ңҹδſʼ鿴Լµջ
ֱӵջ𽣾һʽȡΪ֮⣬ľһʽ֡
Ѿ֪ģȻʼԼαбǻϲû뵽µ򣬾ȻֽαһأԼҪܹͻƵˡʯڵǿգûȫ
ǵȵԼľһĸӵؼˡ
µľҲԾʽˣڿҪʮˣֻҪʮܹɾˡ
⻹Ҫ
Ҫ֪ʯ廹ܹ˵ԼǸʯ͸ͲҪأԼܹɾˡ
ʱʦһ˵
ա
ҹδŶʦȥһ˼֮һ£ȻȥһͱڴʦĳһƣȻֱͱ˹ȥξʧͱ֮УҹδҲŴͱڣɫһ㶡
ͱһͨͨһ岽һڣÿһʿ϶ɢǿϢҹδŶͨߵһһԲ̨Բ̨кҹδҲ
ʦʲô
󣡱𶯣
ҹδ͸оһ㱣Ȼ㷢ԼһɽΧҲʿػЩʿʦ׷ʩ
ʦ
´˳ͨǰУҹδظ˺棬
ɽǰȻһŨ
Ƶ춼赽Ƿֲ˵ġҵ߰ɡһͻƵػĵ̡֮
ţ
ԣƵÿһ󾳽磬һšÿţǶӹ涨ʱޡͻƵػһ𣬵ͻƵ컨ֻʮʱ䡣
ʮꣿҹδ벻ɾȡ
ŻأԴԴϵ鵤ԴϵĵʮڻϾͶ˾ʮͻ컨ʮ겻ͻƣǻʲôţ
ǡͻˣ
ȻûʱͻƵġ
ô죿
ȥΪƵȡԴЩϼһѰżʱͰǴĳһȺǴҪǻɱ壬ȡԴͬϴЩȺһ㡣ԣ֮ǰ˵״ǴսҲ˶١ǲҵĻ䡣
ҹδͷʦǸֻԵػЧ𣿡
ǣ۶֮ЧƵϵʿһʹλءһǵػһ㲻Ƶֻܹһλᡣ
ܹʱ𣿡
ţ㲻˵һ죬𣿡
ҡҪɾˡ


503 ϲ
ʲôȻͣס˽Ų
ǸʯƬҺЧʯƬʱҵľԾʽ
㻹Ҫã
ĿǰԼҪʮꡣһûȫ͸Ǹʯ塣ұչأʱ仹̡˵´γأҾɾˡ
ľƵ
ǲˡܹʱʯҲС
УԸþáҪסһ˻غҲܽƵҪصġ
ס
ҲҪͱĵ˵飬ʱ뿪ƵֻΪûаʱͻƣȥִˡ֪㲻Ӱ쵽ǡ
ף
¾ٲһƽ̨ϣƽ̨Ѿվʮˡҵ
ҲҪþԼǸţ㿴ʮˣĲʮ꣬Сȴֻжʮ꣬㻹ҪС
ҹδĿƽ̨ϵʮʿȥʮʿؾһ໥š
ҹδĿһʿϣһٷֻ꣬ҪվΪ㡣
Ǹǣ
ԣлǡʮ꣬ػһء츳ѣδ
Ҳҵţ
š
ǱǸҰɣ
ȻǣֲֹһҡЦҲȫģǧȱҲڲϵŬܽύ˲ټ壬šȻšǲûзĳͻҾ󲿷źͼ壬ֻǲһ£׳ƣҲûеõʲôô
ǶûæµһȴûеõôҲԹߡʩ֮Զܹ֮ŽһЩġȻǲȫվߣϾǿڵϣȴڵĻƻ衣͵͵ؽһЩԴȫܵġһڿʼҲԵĶǵˣǿԹۡ
ҹδ̾ϢһԵеľ棬֪ķЩжϸ
ƵʵΣ
ۺʵô˵ɣԵһţʵܹսʤ֮ǣԵĲһšǿ£壬£Сţ£ţǴ£ˣҲȥ£Ըȥ£
ߵԶǸҲĿɨӣػΪȻܹ֪ҹδ뿴ĿҲҹδ롣ʱҹδѾָһͷۡ
ǵһ˿
Сƺ˼΢Ц˵
ҹδҲЦǰǹϣÿ񿴵ŮǺ𣿡
Ѿͷָ˵ҪСģǱߵˣŮġ
ŶĪŮ׷󻪸ǣ
ǰ
ǲܣѵⲻǿǼ縺ŵΣ
ѵ㲻縺Σ
ҲһҹδҡͷԴǻغһΡЩҩҲǻģŸġνջ٣Ҫ١Ҫһõ̫ࡣҼϵĵҪ̫ࡣ
Ŀ΢ҹδڰֵʦõңҲǲԸΪŸֻҺǱűʵĲͬ
кβͬ
Ǳ븶¸Ϊǵһѧſ˿ЩʿӦӵеԴбǵϡ
ʦԣõĴУõԴõָ㡣Ǿͱر
ЩŵӲˣûõԴõָ㣬õĴСƵϵԴԭһӦŵӣЩŵӣйµһһ
ʦǺһǲǲƽ
ԣǻС
˵ŵ֮ʣ㲻ΪŷˣҵЩء
ҹδҲûԼ뷨Ժദ˫֪Լĵߣ˫ֵò죬
ʦĵ֮ʣһڳ׶˵ͳضתһ֡ʵǣֿƵӣΪξͲң
Ǳˣһԥ˵ΪƵţܹߵøԶֻҪȥŵϣ
Ƕҹδȴ˵ڣΪҹδҲţֻҪȥҲܹߵøԶ
׾ͱͽƵͰ·űͽƵҹδŲģΪбȽϣʿ±ֵҪҹδ뻹㡣ҹδֱֻԲ˵ҹδ˵ԼףιףȴԼͬŵľˣҲв˵ȴԹޡ


504 Ϣ֮
̾Ϣһʱһ£ʱҡ
ǣʦ
㻹ѧڵĴУľƣЩƫҲ⡣
⡣ҡҹδ뿴ʮʿһۣҲδؾͻǲ
οЦҹδĺֹƽ̨ʮӲ
Ǹ̫߳ࡣ
ҹδһЩҩͿʯ˲ƵĹףڵϣû˱ҹδøá
ƵЩʿڵأҹδȴѾʼˡ
ҹδŲ࣬Ĺױʮ껹ࡣ
ҹδƵ֮ǰ㶣ҹδ벻ԱϵŵӶԴҪҹδ뿪һЩԴҲܶҹδƵĵӶԴԼҪ١
Ͳһĵӡ
ĵӣмŻ꣬滹˶ţ׼ɱֱŶҪ£͵͵˵ģ
滹ɫΪ
Ǵ󵨵ܵ

˾ҰһԼչǿԼĺá
Ȼҹδ뿴еƵҪҰݣҪһƵԸԼҲ֮á
δ룬ȻڲʹûغĻԵ׼ʲôʱ뿪ʵ
ȿҹδʵ
ҵֳЦݣֻҪϿҹδ벻ܾƵջžųɵϣѡƵ
ʦƽ̨ʲô
һǻڣ׽Ϣ֮
Ϣ֮ҹδδв¶ȡ
ҹδ¶ȣܺã͵һһϢΪƶɣԳһ硣ᵮһЩϢ֮Ϣ֮ڵػʿΪҪ
ػʿһϢ֮Ӵصϵٶȣõػø鶯һõػøӺأ˽ظ͵ħභԴһЩҲܹ뼸㡣ҶʿʶҲżٵЧ
ҹδĬƬ̵ŵĵԵ𣿡
Уÿʮ꣬ŻƵţټػʿһλᡣ˵ͻȻЦ˭͵͵ľͻƵػŶ֪
һλ᣿ҹδ뵹ûйעҵϷʣǹעеص㡣
ԣϢ֮Ϣľܲײ׽Ҫ׽Ϣ֮ҪϢ֮׽Ҳÿνʱֻ졣󣬵òģҲ͵òˣлᡣ
ʵϣŵһܹõϢ֮ģŻòģű㲻ٸôԴһƵҲˡ
ҹδ£Ѿǵػʮ˲㣬Ϣ֮һЧ𣿡
УֻҪ㲶׽ͿԸ֪
ֻܹõһƣ
ԣһõһƣϢ֮ͻų⡣ԶԶرܿ㣬ҲҲ
Ҳ˵ǲںϸ࣬ץࣿ
ԣÿӶ뷨նʧܶ顣ܹץһƣѾԵˡ
ҹδ۾Щڴˡ
ϼƵиڴ
ҹδĬȻ
ʲôҪʵ𣿡
ҹδҡͷ
뿪ˣ㰲ٺãȻȥ㡣
лʦ
ƮȻȥҹδһվƽ̨ϣΧһĵӣ˭ҲʶҲͲȥᡣ϶ԼֻƵеĴҴҹͣϲʶҲν
ֵ˴Լӣһշڴ֮ϣϥһߣʹǴƽ̨룬䡣
ҹδ뿴ʮʿǴȥҲæٲ֮ǰҹδҲЩʩ
ݼʦ
ϥڴ֮ϣʾ£ʮʿϥ֮ϵ
￪ʼϢ֮ںϣںϵЧԣβ׽ȵȡ
˶סԵÿһ֡
ｲܹаʱȻտڲԡҲǲпʼԣϸϸĦ
ÿһﶼ֪һˮ롣
׽Ϣ֮ţԺ;ȱ˳ࡣ
׽ŸԺĵ;Ҫࡣ
֮Ӵ֮Ʈƽ̨֮ϵʮʿնȻýţҹδҲ˽֮⡣

ĶǷ˿Сɢɹâ
ֺһ
ʿ׷ǰ˴֮ڣҹδҲ˽ȥڿ䣬һȥ֮󣬶£˺֮ϡϥںԡ


505 
ҹδ˵֮ϣͷһƬأб̱ݣ̧ͷ˶ơĿĹˣдľ
һС硣
ڵĵ˾̾
ǡ
Χûһˣʮʿɢ˿ҪǣûпһϢ֮
⡭
ҹδ벻ͷۣβ׽
ҹδϥʱ䣬ҲٴλһԣȻʶ
ʶ֮ڣƮ
һ˻һػһţ컨֮С
ҹδ뽫ʶעػ֮УǵػγһӰӰʶƮҹδͷ֮ϡ
ػϢҹδͷӰʼչ
ҹδлţʮʿͬʮʿǸոͻƵػϢ֮Ϊܹ뼸ظǵĵػǺҹδѾǵػʮأػ񣬵ػ֮ҲΪŨϢܹ֮
Ȼ
ػֶʮϢʱ䣬Ϣ֮ͻȻس֣ҹδȻΧҹδҹδܹ֪ƺһ˿ԸҪҹδ벶׽
ҹδĿɨϢ֮࣬ҲЩͬϺѡһֵģҹδ뽫ʶ˹ȥǸϢ֮һսʶŽ˵ػ֮С
ʢĵػ£б͸
˲䣬ҹδ˶֮С
ͬĽȴ˲䡣ʱܳʿչؾΪʱչ䳤ȴ޷״̬ʿһչؾǼʮ궼ǳ¡ʱǳݡеʿֻмϢʱ䣬ȴҪȱչʮ껹Ҫࡣ
ҹδΪϢ֮ԭ򣬶ʱҪ΢һЩҲӵʱ˹
ʶػѾʢ
ǵػҪ࣬ϸϸӦڲʱ򣬵ҲԴԴϵؽ뵽ڣֻǱʱЧҪ̫ࡣջۣҹδǳǶá
һ棬ҹδоԼʹ֮ࡣȥܹ
ӳճҽǣ޼Ѱ׺˲١ҹδ컨֮˻
ˡ
ҹδһ뵽蹬УϣͶӰǸɽ忪ʼȻɽϳ˹ѣ飬ȴûлΪƽأǴֳһˮһɽ塣
ʶľ֣ɽ嶼ʶáһڲϵһ˿˿֮С
ҹδϲû뵽һϢ֮ȻʶһԭҪʮʱ䣬꣬һԼֻҪҵʱ䣬ܹȫʶ
ܹüϢ֮Ǳܹɾ
ҹδվ׼һط滷ˣȻ߽һɭ֡ϥڲݵ֮ϣػٶͶӰͷ֮ϣõػ֮˳ȥ
һʱʱʱ
ҹδε˵ػϢ֮ӰӶʦ˵öԣһһϢ֮ûлյڶƣϢ֮ų⡣
ҹδ뽫Լʶ˳ȥʶǳǿһʿһ
գصףܣɨ裬ջûҵϢ֮Ӱӡ
һһʱȥˣҹδ˺ܶа취Ч

ҹδ̾Ϣһվ׼Ĵ䣬ԼѾһϢ֮Ҫ׽ҲãúùźС硣ܲҵʿ
ҹδ˰죬Ҳûҵʿ
С绹󰡣
ҹδ̾һҲЩʧԭΪСڣӦĵرҩ
ûУ
ΨһþϢ֮
ûʲô¶ɣҹδЩĵ룬׼ʼһαǵʱȴһ
ڵصϣȻÿһŴ򿪣Ҫһ£᲻Ϣ֮
һʱûУ
ҹδ룬һԶȥҹδԶԶģ˵ϡ
ûɶá
һʱȥҹδоһٳѾƽ̨֮ϡЦЦؿҹδһҹδоǾһԼĺڵΪ￴
һһ죬ͷ
ߴһʮˣ˻Ϣ֮ǰ
ҹδٲǰǰ໥λҲС
߸ɫ䶼͸¶ϲãһԽǵʮһʿֿʮһʿϾ㶼ֳȻ֮ɫ


506 е
ȥɣ˽ǡʣµʮһ˵
Ҫ٣ɴĳһ׶ξܹʿһġкܶʿûлϢ֮ߵȴȻϢ֮ʿԶк̫ŸûϢ֮ҲʿΪһͷΪĴʿ𣿡
ʮһʿһ񣬶־ٶȰҹδ߸ˣ¶ս⡣Ȼʩһƽ̨
Ŀҹδ߸˵ϣҸղ˵ĻѾˣⲻҪӡǵС
ȻõϢ֮ҲֻܹһЩǽظ༸Σȴܹ֤һߵøԶ
֮;ıκиҲΪһʱи㱻ʮһ˳ԽǾ϶ʮһδû
Դ󿪣
ʱ򱻱˳ԽˣԹԹء
лʦָ㣡߸ʩ
ţһȻǡ
䣬ʹȥ߸ٴʩ񣺡ʦ
ȥ߸˶һ˶Ƶˣ˴֮䶼ʶֻҹδ벻ʶʱһʿҹδ빰ֵ
¶ǣλʦγƺǰôûм
ҹδ뻹룬ʦ˵ԼţǸոձ뵽Ƶ֮ǰһɢޡ
ʿɫһɣȻɫûб仯лǶҹδ뿴һЩЩˣĸ׾ͱڿУΪţˡҹδ붼ôˣűˣҰ·ӳδܲá
Ƶϵͳѧ˼ʮ꣬ν񡣶ҹδʲô
ɢʲô
ǲ̣ҲҪճ־á߸УҹδضǸ֮ǰֲûɢޱˣĸɣ
ɵЦһɢޣȴܹˣνš
ãҹδ롣ҹδǫ;飬һӾ͸оԷͲڿ
ȻǶֵҹʦòõģױƵԺǿʱ۾ۣʲô׵ģʦҿָ㡣
ҹδ뵭һЦ˼ΪʲôҪָ㣿
ҼȻָ֣ƽͣҲǸ߸ϣζҹδԺҪǵģΪǵСܡСá
лʦ֣ʱ䣬ضݷöʦ֡
ʱ䡭
ûʱ䣬ȻͲȥˡ˶ܹҹδԾܾǶɫһڣȴҲûж򣬷ҡҡͷֳ֮ɫ
ɢ޾Ƥǳպѵʱ򣬾֪ܾԼǴһԵ
ԶĻǷһ˿Ȼڳ˶Ϣ֮츳δܹߵԶֻԼ
Ǿ콾Ľ

ΪԼǾ콾ʮĵػԼǾ콾ˡ
ԼûжСܣǸǾȻ˼ǿЦ
ҡ
һҹδ룬оҹδԼҲ˶٣ӦôңĵػǲԼ콾Ҳһ콾ˡ
ˣȥճɸࣿ
Ůúһͷƽɫ
ɫ츳ʺԼܹΪ£Ҳį
ɢ޵йԵһŮӵ˵
ƵͲɢˣǵ˵Ȼٲҹδ
ҹʦã˻ǡ
ҹδֳЦ⣬˻ǽ֪ԼСԼʦãˡ
ʦܡ
Ǳɫ΢䣬ԷƺԼʦãǶԷΪԼ֤ԷҲһΪ֮ˡֳЦݡ
˼
ԵһŮӵʱüҹδ룬ʵΪƽ̨֮ϣû˸ҳƺʦΪʦܡ
ҹδʱЦã⻪ǻûгأи࡭׷󻪸ǵŮΪ֮ˡ
ҹδȻͶԷ磬Ϊľǰ飬ͬСϷ˭ϴٿǻǴʱȻֻǵҹδ룬ҹδ⻹ûУҲһֱƵΧǷ֮ˣΪˣľϾȻ红ͯ
ǸŮӼҹδʱֳŭ
ɢԭΪǽڿԴ̸ʦܵǸҽѵ㡣
ҹδҲ֪Ƶʲôأòõ֮
ĳ̶ʲô
ǷʤǷ
ʣԼﶺһʱ䣬򣬶ֵʱ˼ɣǱ㲻ȫǰ˵νԺΪߣԼ£߸߳Լأ
ǸʱܳȫԷȴܹԿԼ
Ǳ㿪ʵʦܣƵ׼֮𣿡


507 չ
ɫһ㣬仰ҹδʵᣬǽǰԼŮӵĺǳ⣬ǾͺǿˡҪӲգвɺЦһɢޣ΢еɾͣߡҲָ˴ݣһԼΪܺͰɫ
ҹʦãƵǲֹ֮ģҲһֱ˴˴ٽķʽ
Ŷҹδͷĳ̶ʲôǷʤǾ
ɫֱˣǷǸŮɫҲһ˿԰סΧʿжӿһͷ
ɢ޶ô뺷𣿡
ͷ
Ǻ䶯һ£ҹʦãܷƵ
ŶǲзأƵһ׼ȷĺ׼𣿡
зҲУʱĻǶҹδһ˿壬ʵǰŮ̫뺷ˡвǷǲзϡ
˿ԡǲܽԷУܽԷ
ҹδ벻΢΢һüͷǵǹ۰ֲסô죿
һһӷսʱҪִִɳϲУҪͷϻ֡
ҹδƲƲ죬ƲıȴûǼ˶¸Ĺҹδ룬֪ӦһǵġʵҲǿһ֮ˡûԷϸ֮ǰǾԶ֮ɡ
˱û˴ҹδ룬ҹδ뱣һ룬ҹδ뱻ˣҲҹδɵĽ
ִãҶʦƵʿԼ״˱־룬ʡԼñԣķ
ֵһһʿʹһ۽ƽ̨ϣ߸˷ۣǸʹ۶𣬵ض߸˵
ӽԺǻڵػĵӶǵػǵʱֻʮꡣʮͻƵ컨ǾҪڵػʸʧȥӦеԴһᱻߣȥִ𣿡
ˡ߸Ӧ
ÿ˶һν뻯صĻᡣʲôʱ룬ȥػеػȥ롣
ǣ
۵ٶȺܿ죬ֻǷ˲ӣ㿪ʼ¸塣ҹδĿȥһ޷塣Ƿֱ˰ɽһʿ˷ۣ˽뵽֮С߸ƽеһʿʿҲʹ죬ϻӭ͹߸ˣȻֽ˵ػĸȡһչǶѾռݣ̵ıʾš
ҹδԶûҪֲﳤֻͣ˽һƵ׼ȥһԼض۶֮󣬻ǷĲ㶼αѡһƵһƣ뿪˴ǰԼĶ
ո߳Ųٵʿӭ½ػʿÿ˶ӭӣŽӷϴиֵأ̬ȡ
ҹδףЩ˶סƵʶӭǵĶʦʦ㣬ҹδһʶ
ԼһߣԱ⡣
Щ˼ҹδɽĿ˹˱˵ЩʲôЩӭӵùŹ֣֪ҲΪҹδı뺷Ծ
ҹδҲΪ⣬Щ˻ڳԾٲ뿪Щ˼ҹδ˹ҲоԼҹδˣȻҲȥӴҹδ룬һĿעҹδ뿪ҹδ뻹Ʈ
һɢޣʲôġ
ҹδ밴ƵĵͼҵԼĶϺڵĶûʲô𡣱㽫ưڶϣ˶˽ȥ
رնţ󷨣ҹδ򵥵عһԼĶϥ£ȡ˶Ҹǳۿ
һʱҹδ
ڵǳҪԼľһЩҲûо١֮ǰҹδǳӦôﵽ˰ľųɣǳȫһɡ֮ǰǳףڵǳҹδķǳ١ϥʼ
һȴҹδо˲ͬ𾪡
ȻֻǲһɣȴΪһɣҹδٶ˽һȫλǶʶľٶȶ˽Ҳ˵ҹδڿʼǳԼֻҪҵʱ䣬Ϳɳ׵ľ
һʱҹδչ΢˼Ƭ̣ȡǸʯʯ壬ʶ̽룬ٴοʼ
֮Уһ˿˿ϿʼҹδΧ֣ҹδýã˴ʱҹδĶ棬һǳֵĸоǾ۾ܹҹδ룬ʶӦȴ޷ӦҹδĴڣ·ûһ㡣
ҹδϽ


508 
⣬˶ҵӰ
˿ֳһ˿Цͨ˵ƫƧΧûʿѡ񶴸һϿҹδ뵱ѡ񶴸ʱ򣬸ûпﳤסֻѡһƫƧط
ǲƵѡ񶴸ʱӦûûϸơϣڵܹ֮ı뷨
ҪƣȴȻͣϸϸ֪һ£֪ϵתбֳ֮̾ɫ
ʣڵҹδʱѾ֮С
ԣŬ
ʿҹδȴѾʼ
ǲ࣡
׿ҹδ츳ܹ˾磬һ׾Ƶƾľ̬Ŭɣ
Ժҹδ˵ĻƵС
ƵǲЩ̫ˣ
ְݵĻ£һͻ䵽ܹΪ𣿡
ȥ֮Ҫһˡ
һѶɽ뿪ˣȻ֪ҹδ򣬱ûٴҹδ롣
һ¡
¡
¡
ҹδչ£ǿʯڵİ˼¡ǳΪԼʶˡ
Լ蹬
ˮɽơ
꣡
ҹδֻ֪Ҫʱ䣬ԼͿԳʶ
һʯƬ
ҹδҡҡͷ
鵤
ʶɨָѾһǿһ¯鵤ġҲ֪ʿܹõҩòá
룬ȡƿʼʶ
һҪĸϹۣжһƵͷ
˲նͷĸǺãҵĻʺԼ
ʱ⵹ʱҲڿռѷս֮ң֮ػع壬֪ĥµҪԡ
ȻߣȫٶδؼԼƯ⣬ʵǲܱȡ
ţ

ֳ˷ܣƵõĴУĲӦŲͬɡ
׼ȥ󿴿
˶⣬㿴һѶɽץסʶ̽룬֪ǶʦԵͨɽ
룬Լ뿪Ƶ˷ɽŲȥ
˲󣬱һĿҹδϣº͵
ˣ
ǣҹδ룡ҹδ˫ֵԼơ
˽ӹƿһۣҹδʦɡ
ʦ塣ҹδٴμ
˶ǰѡô
Щ򣬱չˡ
ʦͷʿͻȻϿҹδһɢޱƵ֮ǰδд˵ɢ޵츳ܸ߰
̬º͵ڵĴжʺϵػģۿ
Ҫµ𣿡
ʦһӣҪҪһ㣬ȴҪһ
һ㣿
ԣ㣬һ㵽Ĳ㶼ʺϵػĴСǵȴʺ컨ĴСҪϵ㣬ȴҪȥػ
ػ
ԣػоŲ㣬ֻдھŲ㣬ʸ㡣ΪǸʱ֤Ѿﵽ˵ػ۷壬ʱ׼ͻ컨˱Բ컨ĴУͻ컨а
ȻҲҪСǰ˲㣬ǰ˲ʿĸЧǿʱȥ
лʦ塣
ҹδ߽˲ڵһٵزʱʱ䣬͵˶¥ΪڵһûзĴС˶¥Ȼ¥¥ҵһܣ־С
һ㣬ֻһϰڷŵǹеĴУйҲеܣʮ
ҹδܿȥʮ߸ʮ߸ĴеڵĲڶСʣµľŸȴûС
ߵн󣬴н󣬵ߵниĿжŲƣȵȡ
ҹδ뿪ʼĶÿ峿꣬һһ죬ϻȥ㿪ʼһзҹδ빹зٶԽԽ죬ʶҲԽԽǿֻҪʱ䣬Խһ㹹ϡ
ŸĶûкķʱ䣬Ҳʮʱ䣬Ȼûʲô򣬵ȴܹ
̧ͷһ¥¥Ӧйе컨С
ػ
ȥ
ҹδ鿴ƣȻŵػȥ
һ·˳̨ߣһֱߵ˵ػķۡӦǱʿȥһأǧƽ׵ƽأŴʯڷ۵룬һɫĸ


509 ػ
Ų㣡
Ŀ֮һֺصĸо
ʱڵػǰʮʿһ̸һɷ
ϲʦ֣մ㡣
ҲĲˡ
ҶˣûдĲ㣬
ҹδû̽ػվһԣһߴŵػһǼʮʿĽ
ЩʿǵػβͬʱĶǴľ顣
ҹδһЩʿĽȷϵĽֻܴͬЩ˵ĽΪϸһЩвѭҲûȥıҪˣŲһվҪԼȥҪ̧ǰУʿ
λʦÿҹʦã
ҹδһ㣺ʶң
˱Цҹʦףһͷβϵã
ҹδлȻЩ˶Ƶʿ㲻ѣ˴֮Ҳ죬ֻԼף¹Ϊ
λʦʦ㡣
ҲҽܣǸΪ׵ʿ֣棬ϵûɫ
ҹʦãҪػ
ţҪԣϾǰûм
Ҳǣ֣ЦͬҲȥԹڵΪץʱͻƾΪأϾƵֻʮʱ䡣
л֣ʦ֣Ҿͺҹδо˶Է⣬˱Ҳʼ䣺֣ʦ֣ҹػֻоŲ㣬Ϊʲôʮ˲㣿
ΧʿЦ֣˵ظʮ˲㣬ϽػҲʮ˲㣬ػǲҲӦʮ˲㣬һһ㣿
ǰ
ǾͲ˵ʮ˲ˣݴ˵ʷֻǵʦǵػʮ˲㡣
ҹδ۾һ֪֣еʦӦ߼֣˵
ͻƵػʮʿж٣ʮһ͸١˵ˡػͨʿġ
ŲػһһأҪ򴩵ھŲ㣬ֻҪܹڵھŲһ죬ﵽ˵ػ۷壬ƵԴȥͻ컨ˡ
ΪΣҹδǲͨʿʦʦ㶼ǵػأ
֣ЦǵػأҵȻػءǼǵػʮأҲδһʼܹڵػھŲһ졣
ΪΣ
ΪЩǰ̫̬ˡ֣Цȥһξ֪ˣ޵ʲô
Уҹδû
ȥ֮ȻҪѡеǰˣ
Ȼ
ôҸ㣬ӦʦľУضѡӦʦɣ
ţ
룬ǵػһأӦʦҲǵػһأùʦ𣿻˵ӦʦĹ£ܹһ𣿡
ҹδ˲Ȼôܣ
ˣҲ֪ڶеﵽ˺̶ֳȣʦеǴﵽ˴Բ˵ǵػһأǵػضϵػһصʦҲδܹʤɣ
ҹδͷ̧ͷػ˵ػھأȻֵǰֻǵػŲΪǶڵȴﵽ˴ԲܹڵػھŲһ죬ΪҲҪﵽػʮҡ⻹ֻǼһ죬ǻЩǰҪЩǰҪػأ
ԣҪס֣Ҫ̰أǰʮǸͻƵģ˵ʮ꣬ͻƵأͲҪ̰Ķͻһءǵ츳ʮʱ䣬϶ֹػʮءʣµʮʱ䣬Ҫóʮרʮͻ컨ʮڲܹͻ컨Ҳ֪ΪƵֻʮʱ䡣
ˣлл֣ʦ֣ȥԡ
ȥɣ
ҹδŵػȥǰһ˵ݸһŷϡΣգŷͻὫʱͳ
֣ҹδıӰʧڣ˴˵̸
߰Ŀ⣬ƺЩ֣ͬʦ֡
֣ҡҡͷһɢܹˣ츳ض׿־ضᶨ˵˵䣬͸ı־ҲᱻȵػˣȻҲˡ
˵ܹڵػһֶã
˵ڽػǻҲֻڵһһӶҹδȴº˵¶ڱչأʱΪԲǵػһأҲӦأӦء˼ֵʱ϶ҪȻǳ
ˣѾչغܾ˰ɣ
ҪһͻƵػȻپԼͻƵءȱ˵ˡ²ҹδܹڵһֶá


510 
ǵػ㣬ӦŻܵһϣ
Ǿǿ
ҹδ뵽ػһ㣬һȦһ㣬ǧ㽫ʶֳǧƣ̽뵽ÿһ֮ڣһѶϢÿһ㶼ż飬ڵݺҹδջʶһʩ
ҹδ룬Ӧʦָ㡣
ϵǸƮҹδĶ棬һӵģ
Ӧ
ҹδ벻ӦϸͨƽѾ֪µĶǰһʱӦȴҹδʱ䣬ָ罣ҹδ빥˹
ϣ
ҹδνֵбһȣоԷΪȷʵֻǵػһأԼȴǵػʮأھԵȫѹʦ
ǣȴҹδ𾪣ΪӦʮǱȻӦֻеػһأǶеﵽԲаҹδϳӦõŲƣõǸеʲôнн󣬵ߵнȵȡ
̫ˣ
ҹδͬеϻһʵȴʹֻǵػһأѾ˺ܶˡ
ȫǽţγһڵֵӦĹӦĹͬŽһҹδϣֻΪΪĲ࣬ҹδֵ档
ҹδһתļаʣһһö빹ɵĳӦһ顣һսһ߹۲ӦӦʩչĵ֪ҲϰеԲ𽣾еɣеֻСɣеţеֻƤëŲơ
һõʦڹӦΪʱӦΪֻеػһأȻٶȣܵȵȷ棬Ҫܶࡣҹδһϸ۲Ĺ̡һ߹۲죬һ߶ӦؼһһشӦС
һʱ
ʱ
ʱ
ԭҹδϵĹͬŽһ㣬Ѿ˴룬ҹδѾʼܹõֵ빥еڷɿûԼʽУƺ֡ػʮ˲ΪһͷУֻеػһصӦ϶סյǻԷ빹ɵĳͷŵҲǻ𽣾ͬʱ
ֻʽͬ𽣾ͨеĳȴͨԼڵУγһ㱣ͬʱڴӦѧϰŲơ
һʱȥˣҹδ뻹ڼ֣ҴʱȻʣһ룬ȴࡣʱѾܹӦԹˡұӦϵĴԼˡ
ӦǾڵػһأ´ԲʵҲͷŲһɡͱŲƣٶȺѾܹҹδ벶׽ȻҹδŲֻƤëֻƤëػʮ˲ΪѾֵܹӦĹˡҪӦֻƾڵĻ𽣾ټŲȴ
ȴһȥˣȻһҲԼ򣬵ѹȴ̫࣬ر빥ѹ㹻ܹķءһ㣬Ѿ΢΢ˡ
һöԷкһҹδһɣеĻԳΪ룬ɢһס˽Գ
̳
ƣ
һŴӦײȥ
䡭
ǿŴͻȻ飬ĽӦȥͬһǳͻȻ飬Ƭܼһ㡣
ػ⡣
֣ΧԽԽ࣬еĸղſǺҹδ뽻̸ʿΧ£˹еǴӵػڳΧˣʿʱѾʮˣһ̸ۡ
춼ˣҹδȥһ˰ɣ
ˣڻûл֣ܶƲǵػأֵܹڣǵػأء
ţ
ػڶͻȻ¶âǹâһ֣ҹδ룬Ȼֽȥ
ڶˡһ㣺ǵػĲ㣬һļǵػ㡣ˡ
Ҳ˵ǻûгأչҲˣ˵ػ㡣ػЩ콾˵ͻƻǲѵģѵʶ
ػڡ
ҹδٴαǱڵڶٴӦػʵӦٶֱӷҹδٴξŽĽͬĺһ㣬һӦҲ֣ҹδʹʲôʽʹʲô
ҹδʹŲƣʹŲƣҹδʹû𽣾Ҳʹû𽣾ҹδʹҲʹȴȫѹҹδ롣


511 Ǻ
ҹδҲûиıԼĵ֪̰ãרעĻ𽣾Ѿɣ˵ԭѾﵽҹδеĴԲڲĶиִ֮˽һ⣬ͺñȻ𽣾ĵֱѹˣøǿˣȴӴԲ˵˴ɾ硣Ҫľǽ𽣾ٴԲ
ҲˣǳľŲƣʱûšȽ򵽴Բ˵
ѵôһطѵôһָԼȻ˲˵ֻǹԼʾѾ㹻ˡ
ʱҹδĻ𽣾ûԲŲȴšѾﵽ˼ޣձŷ˳ȥ
ҹδϯضתǳָΪʮʿڲԶţɫͬ
ǵģ
û壬ֻͬ
ǿµʱ䣬ͻƵػأЩ콾˵Ҳʵƽеµʱڣܹһ·ͻƵػءʱΪģҪʶֳܹػʵ
ԣҹδͻƵػأҲֻܹõǵͬ
ԼһʱҹδΪָĳɣվԶʿҲӭȻͬҹδ룬Ҳͽҹδ롣˴˽Լĵػڵĸܺ;飬˵ҹδսӦʱⶼ΢΢һ䡣
ʣӦǵػЩǰǿһ
ҹʦãлдһ£֣ǵػأбͷ
ҹδͷԺлᣬҪȥϢʵ̫ˡ
ҲԣҹʦøϽȥϢɡ
ա
ҹδ뿪˶׼һԼҲҪƵһˣҪС
һߣǺö죬ÿ˹̶͹ʣµʱ䣬һһǰУһΧľ¡˵;з˼Ĳҩ
ͬʱ·ϣҲϸϸĦӦõڽϲڵĴУγԼ
ȻʼӣٶԽԽ죬ĳʱ̣ʧˣ˲ڰ֮⡣
Ųţ
Ӱϵʧϵس֣ÿοԽľԽԽԶ
һһףһסһʮףס
һºҹδƵıԵ²ɳ̲۾ܹһ޼ʵĴ󺣡⻹һο󺣣ֲ׳һʱΪ֮һ֮Ŵ󺣱Ӷȥ
飡
һ͸Ļֽ˻ڿз˼ͷɳ̲ϡ
һЦڿ𣬶ҵӰǰЦݡ
ҹδһ죬ЦƵ֣˽ҲȥҴ濴Ҳ졣ȥʲô
ҹδ뱧ȭЩҪȥѰһʵĵط򡣡
Ҵȥ
ͷųһ֣ҹδ棬Ҳ֪ôߵģʹҹδ߳˴ȻձֱԶȥڵҹδ·ȥѰźʵĵص㡣һɾǰ࣬ԶҵٶѾ뿪Ƶǧ֮⡣

ҹδͻȻָһʯǸʯһʯԼгף׵ģҴҹδǸʯϡ
ɣȥƵѲһ±ҸĴѶ񽣡
ǣллʦ
ҵͷ˲ʧӰ
ҹδʯסۺҹǡ
ǳˮԵԽԽʱһιȥһ£ϥʯϵҹδ룬ͻȻָ罣մ˳ȥ
䡭
޾Ľ۳ɺӣǰк𣬾ˮΣǽԽԽǿȻЮɲΡ
һӺӿĺŽƽϢҹδ̲סһХǳХ֮гϲá
󣬹Ǻִһʽ
Ǻӣ
𽣾֮ƣľ֣֮ˮ֮Ǻӡ
ҹδɫһ㣬̶Ц
һµǳȻľڲ֪зԾˣа꣬Ϳɳ׵ľ̶ͻ컨
ȡ˷ɽϢ֮һ֣ǴѶ񽣾ͻΪһ⼤ȥʱ󣬶ҵ˽ʯ֮ϣ´ҹδ룺
򣿡
ţʱҹδѾƽЦеͷа꣬Ҿܹɾ
ҵ۾Ȼ𶯲ѡ֮Ҳʮꡣʮ컨ڡ

ƵҲǵһˣѾ콾Ǿ콾ˡ


512 ٴ
һδ룬ĲƵ
ҹδ΢΢ҡͷұ̾Ϣһֻǡ̫ûľ콾ˣ㲻ܳ°
һСĵģʦƵһʱ䣬ͻ컨֮뿪ͻƵĶ̫ŵĻᱻ̫֪컨ˡ
ԶԣҵͷӦ˻ž˵Լ˻Ƶãʹá
ˡ뿪ƵҪûأҲûнƵĻᡣþá
ҹδ벻ȻʧЦʦǲģҪԼƵŶʩлʦ
Ҵȥ
ʦЮҹδշȥƵҲûֱͣӴҹδص˶Ϊҹδʡ˴ʱ䡣ڶſڣҹδ£ҿҹδ
δ룬ʱһƵʶ֮ҪͻƵ컨ʱ򣬼ǵǰ֪ͨңҸ㰲šһЩעҪ㽻
סԼڶͻơ
ҹδимٴʩлʦ
뿪ˣҹδص˶һԼΪ뿪˶ٴȥػ
ػǰ
һЩʿ죬ǲ콾̶̵İʱ䣬Ѿﵽ˵ػءû뿪һһֱɱħֱ֮ǰͻƵ˵ػأһ죬ػ
֪ԼҪһܹȥػʮ㡣ظʮĵħʵҪǿ̫ࡣػ㱻һʿΧ֪Ѿǵػأһ顣Իǵ츳ȥظʮ˲ȥظʮ߲㣬ֻҪﵽػʮĻҲҪʱ䡣
˻ֻҪһʱ䣬ͿԿʼרעˡ׵һ컨
Ҳ洺磬ɽʱ˵ɫ΢΢仯ĿһȥתͷȥҹδһϱֳõЦݣ
ҹʦãǰ
ʦҲǣҹδص
Χʿɳ˳ǣ溬Цݣº͡һƺԷʦãһƺԷʦܣȴǻĽ
˼ˣʱʿһһŮŵػǺҹδĶԻǸһµŵЦݣĿȴʮ
ǸһµŮЦȻλʦܵʶλŮӣЩİ
ʱǱߵĻǵͷǣҹʦãҪҪȱȣ
Ŷôȣ
˭ĸߣ
ҹδ룬ʵΪ˺Ӧѧϰаģһ·ƾŵػʮ˲ʵӦ塣뵽ԼߵԼܿ뿪ƵǾ͵͵һЩɡͷ
аɣ
ãҹʦ룡
ʦ룡
߽ţһŹҹδ룬ֱӽ͵˵ڶ㡣һĻǣȴǱ˵һ㡣
ػ⡣
ʦ֣
ʦ㣡
˼޺ͺ˹׷ʩ˱ǷһһŮҲǵػʵǿˣΪػ
ʦֺͺʦҲģ
ţ޵ͷȿǺλλôƺ
ҹδ룬һɢޣոձƵŻص
Ŷǵػأ
֪˾㶼ҡͷ
΢˼һ£ǻʦأ
ոͻƾأ
޵ͷ￴˴ĶԱȣҲܹжϳҹʦõΪˡ
ԻǺ˽⣬ϾƵϵʿ֪һšոձƵһɢҹδ뾹ȻҺͻǽа壬ҹδܸȤһԵĺҲˣһһ̸һ߿ŵػ
ػûжͷǲûг嶯
˶ͷЩ˶ػ֪һͨһ㣬ԺͲһˡҹδ֮ǰѾͨ˵һ㣬˵ڶ㡣Ժٽ뵽ػͻᱻֱӴ͵ڶ㡣ΪӮҹδ룬ûڵһֱƾػصʵӲȥʧȥڵһĻᣬʿʧν
ڻǺ侲ڵһĥԼ
ػĵڶ㡣
ҹδŲƣý𽣾û𽣾
ǵڶӦٶȺֹܶҹδֿʼǱǵһδˣѾ˾飬ǲæһ֣̤ŲƣеĳӦĽܼײǣа˳ɵĽҹδϡֻΪҹδΪ߳ڶӦ̫࣬ǽȻͬŽȴ޷̴֡


513 ɾ
ҹδ֮УµŲƸӦŲƣҲΪһ棬ֳܵĽ˳ɶΪˡţǳУ꽣ܼغϣȴҹδڲϵظĽ֣ĿǴﵽһѵķ״̬һһ˿谭Լƶͽ
һʱ
ʱ
ʱ
ֿʼһı䣬ԭһԲεģͬһѼҹδ棬ȴһԵΣֻǱҹδ࣬ҹδ뱣档
һһҹ󣬵ػֳâֳǵ֡
ʦܽڶˣ
ʦܺøߵԣ
ҹʦûûж
ҹ󣬻Ǳ˳Ŀɨˣûмҹδ룬֪ҹδ뻹ڡûеȻʣ
ҹʦûڵڶ㡣
һɣȻԼҹδȳʵѾǲҹδ룬ǴҲһԼҲ䣬ϥʼϢָ
ҹ֮󣬱˵ѾϢĻǣǵػ޺ͺҲ΢΢ֳɫҲֻҹҹδȴҹΪҪȾظ߶ˡ
Ǽأ
ʮһأʮأ
ҹ֮ҹδ뱻˳ǻǣʿҹδĿⶼʮָӡ
޺ͺܹ֮ھػ壬Ϊ˶ǵػʮ㣬˶Ѿ˵ػھŲ㣬ֻǻûдͨһ£оҹδҲǵػʮ㣬˵ʮ㡣
ҹδʮǱϥʼ˹ϢһϢǰʱ⣬ҹδʱ򣬻Ѿ뿪ˣûҹδ룬˴̼˷һ˿ʱ䣬ԼһҪػʮ㣬Ҫҹδһĸ߶ȡ
ҹδովһһŮΪ׵һȺ˱ӭ޹ֵ
ҹʦãޡ
º񣡡
ҹδֵûʲôоûҲֻ񣬺ԥһ£ջʵ
ҹʦǵػأ
ҹδõӦԵ׼֪һҪص
ʮ㣡
ȻˣоһҹδĿ𾴡
һȵػﰡ¾ڵػϵ˵Ҳֻлǽܹﵽ˸߶Ȱɣ
ࣺҹʦãϾǶཻ
֮ãҹδ뺬ЦֻǸա
Ȼܵҹʦ򡣡
ҹδ˸ǣ뿪˵ػصԼĶ
һҹδͺ͵ػˡÿػֻ֪ˡÿֻʱȻͷſͳȥҲԵõ͵ҪǲԼ͹
֮ҹδѾ˷㣬ڽһʽ
ȡΪ¡
ܼһ·Ұ˿жҷǿ
ػ㡣
ҹδվ룬ػصӦڹһӦĹܼغϣȴƲµķ
֮ϣǵ͵ӦĹͬǳҹδ룬һ¾ͬһСǿա
ˣ
ҹδϲοʼŲƣŲƺͶԷභ
º
ҹδ봳˵ػڰ˲㣬ʱŲѾﵽ˴Բ硣ڵڰ˲Ӧһš
·Ųƶܺͽ𽣾һȦȦչ
ھҪ𽣾Բ磬һʽͨнԲĻϣн
պ
ڶϥҹδ뻺۾
ϣ
һ罣һڶǽϣöǽϵķƼص
ɾˣԿʼͻ컨ˣ
ҹδȡ˴Ѷɽͷ˳ȥ
һӣѾҹδĶ´ҹδ룺
ʮ˰ɣ
£
ʮ컨ҪǱЩ֪ضɳִ㰡
ҹδɫһڣҺǺЦƵȫ
ҹδЦã
ˣҰڰֵ֪ͻ컨𣿡
ţ˲ٴС
һҪ֪컨ʱʶ֮ϣҲ֪ʶ޵ģʶĹ޵ʱ򣬱ջʶж򡣵Ȼָ֮ٴ֪ʱԽʿЧԽáһжϣ˵´ҪͷʼҲ١ԣܹ־Ͷ֡
ף
ҪβܶأҪŵĵˡԭƵԴǲܸġǽȻ뿪ƵɾûʹõĻˡĲƵ


514 
ʦ
ðɣðɣҲ֪ʶ;ɡƵһƷǿԽģǾȴֻܹҩˡڵػʿƵÿ·ַԪ񵤣Ȼⲻʲô˶ֻȫʿſʼ
˵ȡһƿݸҹδװԪ񵤣µĸھ뿪ʼͻ𣿡
ţҹδͷ

ҹδŶ뿪˵ػ壬ŲԶһɽȥɽһ䶴ɽͬһɽɽ塣
ɽ£һʯңҴҹδ뵽ʯڣ
ƣһӡǼһ¡
ŶҴһкȻҹδơ
ҹδ뽫Ƶ˹ȥعĵ˼£Ȼݻҹδ
ƣԼȥѡʯҰɡ
лǰ
ҹδת׵ʦҿԼȥػ𣿡
ȻԡһͻƵ컨Щ˶ȥ컨ˣȷҪػ
컨ҹδ뾪ϲ
ȻˣҺ˵Ƶĵ޷󡭡߰
ŶҼߵҹδ룬ϿЦãʦŹһ˿ԼƵ˵ʵƵֵ̣˵ĶǼٵģնͷ
ƵݵͣԡõͣС
һԼͶٵ־ض˥䡣
øԼվ硣
ҹδ˳ɽߣҵһյʯң˽ȥоŨʮǧë׶˲չ
ˬ
ʯŹϣĿһɨԼֻʮƽףҹδʯҵ룬ϥ¡˼ŨľĹžҪԼ״̬ѡ
ɽµʯ⣬ƳϿŶң㻰е˼ҹδ벻ϼƵ
ǰ̾Ϣ
Ƴϵɫһ䣺ôܰƵ
Ǿ콾
ƳĬȻȻܹҹδƵ϶ǵõϵͬ⡣ܹҿ콾ҹδ벻ǣҲӦ콾СһŶҽҹδ齲Ƴϵбˡ
ҹδ벻׾ͱƵˣǾ콾ױƵĵִܵͣƵ֮󣬸ǲ뿪ǣҹδ벻ͬҹδгɣҳ֮żڡ־Ѿ졣콾ţ׸ıԼ⡣
ҵҪ콾ʲô̶ȣƳϵ˵ҿòܹͻ컨
ƣܹͻƣ
ƵͻˣҲ졣Ƴ˼ŵƾ豾ΪټԪ񵤣Ҳܹ졣Ҳ죬ڲͻƣҪʱͳˡ
ҵͷʱͻƣֻж˹ָʶȻͻơ
νһٶ˥ߣڳʼһͻƣԺҪʱĥˡ
ǶȴżģΪ֪ҹδͱʿͬ
ʿͻ컨ʱҪ컨ܹ֮֮֡컨֣֮컨ʢǾ콾
ҹδѾ컨֮˰
ԣҹδͻƵٶȱض죡
ƣΣ
ζģ
Ҷҹδһͻƣһ̳ơ
ƳĿһҶҹδһͻƣض֪ʲôܡɲšҺˣһв衣
ã
ʯڡ
ҹδ뾲ľһ񽥽顣裬ʶھ裬ҹδ뽥شﵽȥĸоӤƵǳʱΨһиоıͷԵķӦٽľȥǰĿзյ󡣺Ȼ뼸ͬȫҵľ磬ֻͷٻѨ촰͸䣬Ȼʶޱȵ֮Сµһ֮½ȫ
ඥ
漴оԼڲϵƮƵƵӾѸٵرСͬ裬̶ޱ޼ʵڱС̶½綼бСǿ֮С
ҹδ֪ǳͬ
ҪγѰһʺԼǳΪ塣ǳľǳ
仰˵ǳϵİ塣
ҹδоԼʶڲϵģ;ԴԴϵӿ蹬۳ʶġ
֪ȥ˶ãҹδоԼƺܵѹƣѾԼܵļޣһ˿ͷȥټϵ̣ͬϵУظӿ룬˳صͨ׹ʶעǶ컨ϡ
ǻʥࡣ


515 ۶
һʱ
ʱ
ʱ
ǻڿʼһȦȦϣŵϵĵǻ俪ʼΪš
ŵĿʼҹδͲ컨컨ȫţﵽ컨Բ
ˡ
ҹδʯҷͬХһ㡣
ɽ¡
ƳȻϱӿʢʱͻˡ
ҳشЦľơ
ˣƳһץסңͨ죺Ϊʲô
Ϊڵػʱ򣬾Եɺ컨֮֡
Ƴɫһ㣬̶ˡҹδͻƵʯң̾
Եɺϰ˵ҹδ츳Ľ˵ҡͷ̾Ϣһ
϶ţ㣬ˣ㻹ǲҪǿȰʲôˣͰԼ߰ɡ
Ҳ֪̾Ϣһɲ
˶Ĭ⡭ìܰ
죬ƳϿڵ˵ܹͻƵأ
ʱ䣬ӦܹͻƵذɡ
ʯڡ
ҹδʶڷɿģĿɲһǳһϵǳ̫ˡ
ʱڷɿţҹδ뿪ʼ̷Ԫ񵤡
żƷ֧֣Ԫȴֻšܹά죬ȴֻܹά졣
ʱ䣬컨ڶضûͻơѾʼݽߡ
ҹδѾ֪ͻòжϣһжϣ´ЧҪܶࡣռڽҺԴԴϵʶ
ͻƵ컨ڶء
ʮͻƵء
Ƴ϶ɵˣôܼôã
вٺö
һɢжٺö
һ·ҽҹδ˵һ顣
ƳҹδͻƵķһȡ
Ҳ˵ϣͼϡ
Ըɣ
ĳݣһ콾¶˳ȥ߸Żأǰͺ̵شɱҹδ롣
̾Ϣô벻أƵ𣿡
Ƴ촽˶ʱҡˣҪҹδƵ
ʮ졣
ҹδͻʮ죬ƳϺͶҿöľˡʱɽʯڵһʿˣվڶ⣬ҹδʯʵҹδͻƵʱ̫̫
䡭
𶯣ҹδʯҵϿգɫ巭ڣڷڵϣֳʢ
۶Ԫ
ƳϺͶȻ۾˳
ḻҲû뵽ҹδһ·ͻƵ˳̶ȡЩڶǰĵӣûжٳԾΪǲ֪˭Ҳ֪ҹδڽȥ֮ǰʲôΪֻĽĽҹδﵽ۶
ֹȥ˰գʧȥ͵ɢ˵ĿⶼǼʯҵʯš
֨֨
ʯŴ򿪣ҹδ˳ˣɫһ㶣Ӧ˹ЩӦöʯĵӡЩӿҹδҲһ㡣
û
˭
˽УҹδɽƳϺͶҵǰֵ
λʦ
ãܺãҹδĿ͡
ƣˡ˷ܵضҪƳϵľƣҹδȥ
δ룬ҪȥĶûбİţҿԴȥ컨塣
ҹδ룺һڵػһʱɡѵػꡣ
У
ºҹδվڶǰ˼Լ顣
ƵѾһˣ𽣾Ҳ촴һʽΪǻ
нѾԲԴһʽ
һۺϣںΪһΪһ壬Ϊǽ
ǸʱȻҪˡ
ھԶҹδ붼֪ԼʲôʱܹںϣȻһֱŬȴû˿ںϵļ
Ҳ˶ʦҲ˲鼮Ѿҵ˷
ڵǣԼƵ뿪
ƵԼ϶аҰܴ󡣵ػܹԼнԲ컨ܹԼںϡ
Բһʱ䣬ҲԼѡ£ѡƵˡ
ãվĿüᶨ
Ҫ뿪
ǵػ컨ڵİӦҹδͻƣߵҲӦĵ·
߱˵ĵ·Ӧ
Ҫ߳Լĵ·
ֻ߳ԼĵʺԼĵ
Ǹ֮ˣ˾㲻ͣȡ˴Ѷ񽣷˳ȥ
һҵӰʹҹδǰҴȥ컨壿ߣ
ʦ뿪ˣ
ɶȻס˽Ų˵ɶ
˵뿪Ƶˡ


516 ٱ
ĬȻƬ̣̾Ϣһ߰ɡ
ҹδٴλصڡˡҹδ롣ҹδЦһԼĶȥ
֮ԴƵҲΪԼռڣҺľֻʣȭͷСͻ۶һա
Ŀǻҡ
Ѿ˹ŨĹꡣ
֪ǿԱռɻҺľ
ڵĵֻʧٵĻ᲻һֱڻһֱΧԼ˵ͻһԼ
ΪԼĴ򲻹
ҲҪԡ
죬ȥǣһʱ䣬ѾΪмʦҹδ㽫Լܹ컨Ĳ϶ǣԼ
һҹ
ҹδȻǱڣŻǱжȥ
һ·Сֱ뵽ңҲûΣգʱһ
ҲѾ뿪ˡ
ҹδ뿪ʼڻߣһͻ˳һʼɱҵĹ꣬һֻֻ걻ɢȻռգΪҺ̬ͬʱĵһҲŻڵ
ҵɹʱܵϵʿ˳ȥΪߵҲһɹ֮󣬾µټҹδŽһͻİһ·ɨ
ռڵĻҺÿӣһڵҲսŨ
ҹδڻɱʮ죬еĹնɱһառڵĻҺγһһӵ
һҹ
ҹδվڻأĿĹˣȻ񻪼ҵĹ걻ɱһգҲյʮϡֻ֪ҪڣٴαŨȻὥ¹
طǲ
ţµϴ񣬻ػһء
ɢȥ󣬿»ŵע⡣
Űɡ
ҹδȻǱ˻ңȻСǱȥֱصԼĶų׵һ
֮ߴŻûγɶܵļӡ
ҹδĶˡ
ҪȥߣƵҪԭ򣬱ǿһֱڣǻƵء
ȥ˶ҡ
ʦ뿪š
뿪ţȥĶȥǱߣ
ǣҹδҡͷ󣬺ʿսûаֻкͬʿսܹٽҵʦĸʿ
ȥսЩţҵüëˡ
ҹδһڿˮ
֣ҺǳôҿԸһӵͻƲܵ
Ϊʲôҹδ벻
ΪӢš
ŶҹδһΣʦҲôˣôƤ
ΪҺ㿪Ц
ǡҲܾôȦﰡҵļƻҿ϶һֱﰡ
ҳĬ֪ҹδ˵öԣôˣʲô
ҹδҲĬĬؿŶҡ죬׳һ
ᡣ
ҹδӹʶһɨĿһ
ٱ
һݵĹԸıʿò͡۶ֻҪ˹ϰСźףֻǲӵʱ䣬ѧˡݻң
ʦˡҹδĴָʲôˣ
ұӵؿһۣΪٱһжûˣ
ѵ𣿡
㻹̫ˡٱܶŶУСţĳЩ嶼СȴûʲôãǸСԴһ룬Ϊʲô
ҹδ˼۾һ˵ʿϢÿһʿԼϢ
ҵͷÿ֮ϢǲͬġֻҪͱ˼棬˸֪Ϣ˵ıòǱһᱻϳ
ҡ
㲢ûôڽ߶ûнӴˣҲڵھŹؽӴһЩˣ̫ˡȻбϳĿܣʼ͡
Ҿͷˣҹδһ
⻹ǲУҡͷһ۶ʿһͱ˾ֳǿ󣬱˾ͻỳɣ˭
û˿ƾճ֣ıݾ飬ԻҪ㰲һݡ
ܹţҹδ۾
ţҵͷ⼸ǧҲǸõźܶలšѾȥƵˣӦ֪ƵҲб̭ġ
ţ
Щ̭ˣŻôţ


517 ɽҶ
˵Ƶȥִ𣿡
Ҳܶȥ񰡣ŵҲܶһ
ǡ
ѡһЩԸȵʿ뿪ƵǰԽˡ
ҹδǾһ
̫ˣ
ֱ޼Ѱı
һŵʿ˸Ͳ֪Ȼһɳȥ壬ǧ֪͵͵˶ټ壿
ŻǼıԶ̸ڰ
̾ϢһҲǶܹģеڽʼˡеļ彨֮ҲУˡվЩ˽˼塣
ҲһЩϣҹҡ
ǣʦ
ҹ
ҹδٴ˶ҵĶҵҸѡһ壬һͼ壬ڵĹǱߡǱһҶҡǸҹҶҶҶһˣҶͬ
Źõַĳû֪ˣƵĵӶǸ
Ҷͬ꣬ûƵĵȥݣȥ档
ôģ
߻ħ˶УԳҶ峤û֪УҪסÿֻ峤ʹ֪ڵĹϵǲ֪ġǾ͵ΪԼҶˣûʲôϵԣܿҶ˿ڣڵġ㲻Ҫ֮䣬¶Լݡ
ʵϣֻҪסȻ㶥ҶͬݣҶͬݻš
ˣ
ȡһƴİ̵ݸҹδǴѶʮƣǰ˴Ҳûмסߣм£ͨϵҡ
лʦҹδ뽫
߰ɣ
ҴҹδȻǱڡ
ҹУҵٶȼ죬һµʱ䣬ɽҶңϴҹδǱҶҡ
ҶҶҵ
ȻѾҹ鷿ڴֳǡ
ҶｨѾǧˡ
ӸнӹλõʱҶǴڵʱ򣬰ûзӦҲƽϾǼصģľƽ֮ҲʮѲڡһҪڣͻᱻܻ
ˣҪһ壬һʿͽˡ
ֻлŵִϾûƵڲû̫ĸ飬ڻҪÿһԴ
ҲûкôÿˣһЩ򲻵ԴȻҲйˣԼΪϵָ㡣Щ֮⣬ͱڵõڵ֧Ԯ
ǼոļˣҲ֧Ԯһ
µΣ
ɽһЩС⣬ͼ塣һҶңһܼҡ
ԭʵ൱ƽ⡣֮Ҳкƽ͡
嶼ֻһܵʿҶұҶܵءܼҼ챦ܵءҶһ
ΪϵĲ࣬𲻵ԵãҶɱ챦
ǣǰܼҵĴ캣ͻܵˡȻֻܵһأ֣ȴҲܹ΢ռƣʱţ캣ΪоѹҶҡ
ʵϣڵܼҾѾʼжˡһǰ㶢Ҷҵͭǰͭ
ΪѵҶ

Լֵ֣ܼ֣Լ򲻹

ҶҵʿɾͿʼ˥ˣܼһһҶҵĵơ

鷿ű򿪣ҶȻѾУһŵͷ֣
ܼҪɱԼ
ǵ˵ò֮ʱȴֳ֮ɫ
ʶ
ûд˵ϸоɱ
ϱɫǸһ֣鷿ʧȥϵķˡ֪ǶԷ˽ơ
֮䲼ơ
ҪߵΪ
Լ򲻹
˱λʩǰιҹҶң
ǶҺҹδ롣ȡһƣƮҶǰҶĿһһ顣
ϿһƣȥǺӡ
ںͼϵ֤
ɻʱ䰡
Ȼһ飬ˣ¸ˣܲҶҰɣ
ʱҶδоŻôá
һ·Ŷʩһ񣺡ҶҼҶݼǰ
һ䣬ҶϷҡ

Ҷһ飬Դ֪ԼڵĴ壬ôܲעڣ

ʿ
Լûиأ
Ҷͬûй¶ȥɣ


518 Ҷͬ
ûУҶһ˵ĿģĿⲻҹδϡ
λҹδ룬ӽ֮Ҷͬδ룬λҶͬĸסԺŮ
ҹδͷҶʩס
Ŷ⡭ҶЩΡ
ΣͰŮʮ꣬䵱үүˡ
Ŷͬ񣡡ҶԼ侲ǰЩ󰡡
֮ͿҶͬĻɣ
У
ҶȡһչҹδǰϸϸۿȻϵòʼı䣬һҶͬò
ͷɫԣҶ
Ⱦһ¡
ҹδȡȾϣͷһˮܿͱһͷڷ
ҶվԼǰҹδ룬ⲻԼŮ
Ҷҵ콾

ҺҹδҲҶĸ飬ĬȻϢ֮Ҷһ᣺
ǰЦˣ
ұ̾Ϣһҡҡͷ֮飡гʲô⣿
ţ
Ҷ㽫˵һ飬ҾͿҹδ룺ˣȻҪͱָš
ã
ҹδӦʹ졣һܵһأڵҹδ벢ûʲôη塣Ѿһķˣ൱һܵڴǣԼ۶Ϊһܵʲôࣿ
ԼܹͶԷһ
ϾһʿʵΪе
Ĺһ壬ͼ壬ĴӦòɣ
ҶʱǳԾҹδ룺ͬΪǣ
۶
˻
Ҷ͵һʮ۶ڵ콾
ΪҶЩΪѵͬչصʱͻ˻񡭡
΢΢һüͷͬӱչؿʼѾȥ˶ˣ
꣡
ҵͷʱҲˣҶ֮ͬɽΧ֪ɡ
⵹ǣҶֳ֮ɫ
žǲԤϡʱ䣬ͻƵ۶Ҳ̫Ϊϡȱô˰ɡȥһҶͬչصĵط
ҽһϣҶ
ã
Ӻĸܵ˺ɽվһʯǰ
ϽҶָʯţֳȻ֮ɫ
ҶŰ
ʯŴ򿪣ĸ˽ȥ
ںܸɾҶ̾Ϣһÿ춼ɨһ£һ
ҶڶһȦȻǰ׼ͬʱأ
ɣҾͲˡ
Ŷȥһ̤ʧټ
ҶҶصغҹδص˶Ҷҹδͬ׼ʱأܼҵδ
ҹδ˼һ£ɣҪͷ׺Ͷ彫ҽһ£رϤˣʱϲֳЦȻٰɽĸҽһ£رܼҡ
ãܼأ
ҳغֱȥͭ󡣡
аգҶҶ۾һ
ûУҹδҡͷ캣ҪʤҲס챦ǿһ캣ǿһ˴һһ֣ܼһ˳ͭ󡣡
ҶҶһۣͷã
ʱ֣ҹδ뽲˰ҹҶҷ뿪˶Ҷʵ
磬ҹδ롭
ҶͬҶѵԺ󲻹ʲôʱ򣬶ҪҶͬ
Ҷͷܹͬ캣캣ֻܵͬ۶
ŵֶǲý˿
ǡͬˡ
ᣡҶһȦѹͬʮ۶Ǿ콾ͲŶǰ᲻ܲ˵ˡ
˵Ҷ۾һ
ҶͷضڰλǰĸĪ⣬ǰһͬ¶û˷֡
ô˵Ҷˣ
ˣ
˵϶ֳЦݡ
պ
Ҷ´
Ҷ߾ִŴϣļλ
е˽̺ܼҿսе˽ҪȣܼܵҪ飬ܶ֡
ѵõǽҶҶȣǲǶҹδģǶԶģǾҲôҹδˡ
ʱ´Ĺ㳡ϣһȺھ´Լٶ׵ľվţʱؿһ´յĴţϴߣʱšǶҶҵһ
ᣬѪ
ܼͭ󣬶һҶʮˣ˵Īĳ衣໽еҪȥֻ峤ڼһĿжơҲֳ֪ܼһܵƴҶҲǶ֣Ѫ̲á
̤̤̤
һӰǵʮ˲˹ȥ
ţ
˭


519 ǿӲҶͬ
ȺҲǶʮ꣬СĲʮꡣҶͬչؾ꣬ǸھǰҲֻʮꡣʱһ۾Ȼɴ
ǡ
Сã
໵غһɤӣȾҹδ˹ȥ
ҹδ룬ֻʱȫҶͬģٿԼرܹ꣬΢΢˼һ£֪ǰ˱ԼֶӣʮҶҶһϣ
ȷҶҶͬһҶͬҶҵš
ʮ꣬Ԫ硣
Ҷͬչǰֻʮ꣬ǺҶͬʮ׽Ҷͬһûн飬ҶԼĶһ㡣
ĿɨһˣҲӡ
죬ҶҶĶлФһ۾ϳꡣҶͬԸ񣬻кҶĹϵϱ¶һ˿Цݣ
Сʲô
СãҶܵҹδǰˣ
ʱЩҲϳҶͬһ˷ҹδ˹
ҶͬҶҵţǴСҶͬĴ˵
չؾ֪꣬λùڻʲôΪ
Ƕ˵λùԸˬ۾ݲɳӡڳأ϶ҪܼҸɰ
ùã
ùã

ҹδǵͷʵǶʲôҵ´
ǡ
Ҷߵؽܼͭ˵һ飬ҹδ뵱ȻҪװճأ֪µӡҶĽһȣ´ȥ
Ҷ˾ҹδ
´ǰʿʱȻҲ֪λҶͬλȻҶҵϵ֧ձ֣ҲҶͬĵܵܡ
Ҷͬ߹û˿ͣµ˼Ҫֱ´˲ɫһࡣ
λСǲ𰡣ֱֲ˴ſڣҶͬЦ
ͬ㣡
ÿҹδ
ͬ㡭
ҹδüëһСǿӣСʯӣҰԶһЩ𣿡
ʿɫ࣬ҹδ뱳ЩһЦ

ʿ̾Ϣһֻÿ
òа
λС㣬Ļִ˵ġҾǿ´峤ЩҲ˵ʲô
飡ҹδһƱƿ˴ţ˽ȥ
ıȺУСֻʮҶɽھǰֻ꣬Ҷͬûʲôӡ󡣵ǴʱҶֱͬӴ´ˣ
磬СôͰ
ǵȻҶһĽ
󵨣
´ڣŭˡ
˭ôĵӣҲͨʹ´
ָոճڣ㿴վ´ڵҶͬӴҶͬϣһ⡣
λϵҶڵһվϵļⶼڲڷ
ͬ
ҹδǳ鴤һ£жʱ塣
ݼˣ
ܱȥ
ҹδҲݼҲֳһ˿֮ɫҶʩ

ͬ㣬ˣҶӰһΣҹδǰľϲͼ쮵һֺݼ
ҶͬҲæʩ񣺡塣
úúãҶЦϲõˮ
ҹδƤӶ鶯ˡ
Ҷһץסҹδ֣ͬ㡭ͻˣ
ţҹδͷ
չؾֹ꣬˻ɣҶΣһµϵҲεҶͬ
Ȼǣ
ǡ
Ҷ³һ֣ͣΣϣҶͬͻܹǰļ塣ŵģҹδľԼԵܼûаָӵ֯һ˫۾С
ֲθУֱˡ
۶ҹδ뷴סҶ֣ܼҵ֪ˡ
Ҷֳһ˿ʧ䣬ҹδ֣ոͻƣͲҪˡ
ΪҰﲻ˼壿
ʱһԵ߸Ҳʧ䡣
۶ڼѾܹŵˡ
һȻ峤ҶڶǴҶ۶پǰҶͬˡ
ֻǡ
۶վܵ
һԵҶ̾Ϣһͬ캣Ѿܵ⡭Щ
ս캣Ǹոͻٶ𣿡
֣ҶǳǼδǾϼ꣬ʮ꣬ͻܼܵˡ
ΧĳϾ㶼ͷҶͬĳ֣ϣΪҶͬǿԵȣҶͬͻܵ
ЩȴǼˣһǺ죬Ҷͬĺ󱳣Ҷͬͬ⡣
Ҷͬᶨѡ񡣵һ֪ܼͨңǻȥͭ󡣵ڶԼȥս캣


520 նܵ
ͬҶɫ䡣
˽ҵԸ˵
Ҷˣϵɫòͣⶼžһ˫˫ĿⶼҶϡ
ãҶɫüᶨǾͺܼƴһһԺеڶ
ͬȻģһΡֻϵˣ㸺𣿡
𣡡ҹδ
ã֪ܼͨңս
ܼҡ
´
챦ҶҵսĬĬصȴš
⴫һŲһʿ˽´еĿⶼǸ˵ϡǸ׵챦ʩ
峤ˡҶͬˡ
ţ챦˫ȻâʲôΪ
۶
ô᣿һԵ캣ȵҼǵչصʱֻԪɣ
ţ
չؼˣ
꣡
һ·ͻƵ۶
鵽
һŰ磡캣챦˾Բɳ
챦ͷȻЦһҶϺͿҶͬôһţӦðȵͻܼܵұڳҲֻһ۶ⲻǸɱĻ𣿡
峤һϿڵҶͬ᲻Ѿܵˣų۶ϢԻǣ
͡챦Цһ𣿡
ǳ룬ҲЦҡͷţ
ʱ䣬ԪͻƵ۶Ѿ漣ˣͻƵܵǺǡ
磬ǣ
챦һӣͬҶҵսԸҶ캣ҶͬҴ
ң캣һӣš
պ
ɽͭɽ
ɽΧһЩ嶼۶ԶԶع
ɽĶԾɽδӰԶ
ʱҶҺܼҵ˶ˣԶ˫˶ŭĿӡδ챦ڣһŮ˳룬ϵһγ˳ָ캣
캣һս
캣ɫһ㣬û뵽ҶͬôͣսԼ

Ҳң
ã
캣ڵһ壬αҡҹδͷϣһֻҹδԴ˹ȥ
ˡ
һֻţַԲʮɣͳ¡
ҹδ۾΢΢һУ𽣾һʽ𣬻ûùеĳŲĴŴȥ
ƣ
ҹδǰһԷ۶ɣڡһ빹ǿķʱļӳ£˶·𿴵һŴǣŲȥ·ҪƲ񷡣
䡭
ֻ˲ײ캣Ľϣ캣ûзӦһڳĹУһش
ϳϸܵѷ졣
󡭡
ˡ
Ѫ
ҹδˣ̧ĨһϵѪ
ܵ⣿ٵİɣ
ߵҲˣ˵챦ˣҶҲһɵ뵽һᰵг֡
ǡ
ҹδһ˳ְ
۶
ʱҹδЩӦˡ֮ǰԼǱ߶һܵˡΪԼǸʱǵػԼ۶ԼǳֹԼΪѾһôļܵһɣ
ټԼƣΪñһˮˮǷˮĹӡ캣ǸϸӣҹδƾǸֹӡ
ؼǸ캣Ϳҹδ룬һֻѾȥҹδ룬á
ⲻǡ
ܣ
ľ״̬е챦ѹαһҹδ˹һȣҲҶ
ң
ҶΪ챦һ㣬ٶҲͱ챦һ֣ǰס챦˱ɱһ
ɱѹҶ᣿
Ŷɱ˹ȥܼʿҲɱ˹˫ܿײһҹδûǰվԭأ̧ͷмҶ챦ˡ
캣̫ˣҹδû֪ܵܡҪֵĹؼܵﵽʲôܣ
˲ӣͶ϶챦Ҷ˵Ϊ統ԼǸ塣
ȻܵӦһܵ
ҹδЩ⡣
챦ҲˣһҶͬϿƵĵӰ
ֳ͵жӦò򵱳ôһ˾ܹһƬ壿
ǡ
ҶʵǱ챦ǿȴҲûҹδ۾һĶ
漴ҡҡͷЩˡ
ʲôˮʲôˣʲô㡣


521 
һʿĳɳǳҪΧǾӢȻŲͻɳΪӢΧߣųɾҲߣ뿪
ټһõĹ͵ûи˽⣬һˡȻҲͱˡ
ǿе˵һܵ㣬һܵ㣬˵εʿһƾܹҹδ롣ҹδȴԼƺôһ뵽սʸ
ȻѾɱ캣лٸ챦ĻҶҾɽһ塣ҲǻҶҵ顣
ҹδĿſеˣѰŻᡣ
Χʿڼܼʿ㱻һնɱ
е챦ʱʮֽһ˿־塣·ʿڲϵ
ʵϣܼҵۺʵĲҶңҶҾ㼸ǧһһϾƵĴаҲ캣֪ʲôʺˣһͻܵˣڶʵϳҶңһܼҵʵͲˡ
뵱캣Ҷʵ൱ˣҶûʱҶͬȺһ㣬ɱǽһʹ졣У챦ҲҶѹơȻȴ·硣ﲻϼ塣
ֻһɢޣʱ˾ǣܼ峤ӰȥҶܹƻΪʤƣԼ
ô죿
Ҷͭ󻹸ҶңµΪֹ챦
˵Ϊֹ͵Ϊֹ
ҶʱҲǺһģѵõˣΪʲôôŪ챦ܼң
ãã챦ˣҶסߣʱߡ
ߣҶһ߹һߵҾɱܼҡ
ң챦ŭɱܼˣǸʱһɢޣûм׸㿼ǹܼҵ³𣿡
ҶҲһݣ챦ˡԼɱܼң˭סһܵĴʿҶΧ
ϵҹδĿһ
Ҷԥ
ϣ
죬ʶԷкͬһƬɫſе챦䡣ڷеĿУϵ۳һ챦档

ϡ
ݺ챦ɱȥ챦æǽȴһʱ֮ƽⲻ
ϣ
ҹδҶһܹ֪ԼĽ˵˶ԷҪסԷҲסáϾԷΪʵΪʵҲֻܹһ¡Ҷܵͻ챦γĴ
ϣ
Ҷһ㣬ôҲ󷨰
˲;ҹδ룬һеĳŽ˹ȥ
ѿһ϶Ҷ˽֮У챦˹ȥҹδԼãþǸϡ
ÿҶʱ򣬽ͻſͨҶĹͨ衣ͬʱȴڼס챦챦
Ϻǣ
Ҷиˣ޼ɵ챦˹Ҷļ룬ֻ˲䣬챦ѹͷʮǱ
ʱзܵͷ˾ˣԼᱨ𡣵ҶĹ̫ˣԭͲԷһʵҶȫǣƣòͻΧ
ҹδʱȴǳ˽С
ʱ䲻ãһлЩ衣սУԼܿ졣һҪס챦Ҫһṥ챦һ滹ҪҶýγɶҶĸγ
սУ˼άת÷ɿ죬ҲܹԼ
Ľһֺϣһӡ
ˣе챦ʹˣҲˣȥԼֻ·һ
ƴˣ
ҪƴԼˣҲҪߡ
䡭
챦ͻȻضҶһιȴȥһ򣬽ֻԼȫǱͷ˳һ˽
гҫգһʮɵݺݵ˽󡣽󲻿ظһѷ죬Ӱɡ
ಡ
챦Ӱӽѷд˳ȥҪӣȴоǰһһŴԼӭײ
Ҳãķҹδķ
ϵҹδڶԷһն˲䣬˶Է뷨ƽڽеһзӦʮɵһ̳
ƣ
챦ӽг˲䣬Ҳĸǰ˺ĲƣҶĹȻ챦ڼȴҲûȫҶĹоһʹ߹ǡ


522 
ⲻҪģҪһҪסƾͷһЩȫһʱͷųǿôܣ
еĳոͷųƾͺİϣȻ飬ηˣٴƽ˽С
ۡ
һն£屻Ҷһ롣

ҹδҶͬʱ³һ˴˶һۣҶҹδĿ¶һ˿𾴡
̫ˣ
ڵ콾ô
۶ܹܵγǣƺһв
ջĿ⣬ͬʱսʱѾȫ浹챦ܼҳױˣʼ
ΧۿЩ壬һɫøӡ
ԺɽҶһҶˣ
ļ죬ҶһƬæ
ɽܼңܼҵһжҶҽӹܡɽΧļ׷ǰݷҶͬʱҲҪݼҹδ룬Ƕҹδܾˡ
ʱԼĶǰĶվһȺʿʹģҲСġҹδָǡҹδĵָ̣һûСԼȻˣҪΪž
ҲŵǵܹǿһݣδҲܹһݡԼڵݣ̣Ҳþܾ
տʼʱֻǼڵһЩˣǰָ㡣Щϱ𿴶ҶͬĳǴûаҶͬӡҶͬڱչ֮ǰΪѾˣڸǿǣǻʲôŲ¼ӵģ
ôһеӼҹδָˣһѷĶˡҹδҲ߲ܣԼָһĳˣǸ˾Ҫµıչ˼򡣶иԼָҲûжˣܲǴ徳Ҳָɣ
ԣҹδ벻һµʱ䣬ͽָָܹһ飬ҹδҶҵֱҶܽͷˡ
ԣҹδ뿪Ҷҵһ죬͡ҶЩ˶޿ģ᲻Сùá
ҹδŪƣɽ˶֪ҶͬҪȥҪȥսҲ̵ʱڣݣỳı
Ҷ͵͵ʮŷ𼶱ķһЩҩȻھ£뿪Ҷң뿪ɽ
͵ĲҶңɽ峤
ҹδһƥɽԽԽСɽķȥ
ݶҸϣڵĹֻ壬һһĴСֱɽңϼƽԭżңǧɽڡ
ʵԱȣңǿڡ
ϣȡҸٴĶ
ʿ裬۶Ϊʮ˼Ϊҹδ൱ǶƼġ
ǴʱҹδЩͣۿɽܼܵǾ費ԼĶ֣֪ΪܹԼѹ
԰ɣ
ҹδһȥһ΢΢˫Ŀ
ɽ
Ϊɽɽ壬ÿһɽ嶼ͬһֻ޴󡣶ұɽǿļ塣
ɽһǣҹδϢһ죬ղɽɽҡ
صĴſڣŰ˸ʿΪɽһ壬ŵʿҲŰȻĿ޼ɵشʿȻǾͿһŮǣһƥɽ
˸ûǰĿⶢҹδ룬ҹδĿǵĿ˱仯
Ů̫ƽˣǽɵǵʱˣʮ׼
ǰŮ޲򵥡
˽ɫΪ׵һʿҹδɽǰֵ
λѣ
ҹδ빰ֻȻȡһӵݸǸɽҶҶͬ衣
ڵĹأɽҶȻɽǿ壬Ҷұɽĵһ塣ҶңǸʿȻ
Եȣ
ʿҴҶȥ
ҡ
ںͺСۣ

Ǹʿ˽˫ֵŰ壬ɽһҶҵŮޣҶͬİ
Ҷͬӹ˰û̿˼һ£ŶǸʿûмǴĻҶͬҶǸŰɣ
ǸʿҼǵʱȥɽڷŹҶҡҶͬһӦʮǰ˰ɣ
ͷͷŰϱֳ˹Ź֮ɫʿʵ
ôˣ
Ҫսң
Ҷͬ
ԣ
˻ʿΪѵѾ۶ˣǿɾһˣǱСܶࡣҼǵõȥݷҶҵʱҲʮɣ
ߣȥ
վȥǸŵʿ۾һ
ս
кܶûмˡ


523 
ɽſڡ
ҹδ뾲վ̧𣬱ɽ߳ˣһǱѶʿʣʿĸ裿
ɽھͿʼҹδ룬ϡǵҶͬģȷȻҶͬЦɽţ
ͬɻǵ
ҹδϾֳ֮ɫĲǵá
ǣ
Ǹûм
ҲΪ⣬ʮǰˣǸʱҶͬһСӣǲסԼ
Ҿ裬λʮǰȥң㡣
ҹδ뼱æʩ񣺡λ塣
ߣΪӷϴ
л壡
ҹδĶԺܿͰ˾ϯƹѲ֮ʵ
ͬôսˣ
ҹδǡֳһ˿˼֪ԽŶԡ
Ŷֳ֮ɫҼǵҶҵĴûн󰡣
ţͬĻԵ
ˣԵҶͬһʦǵõĳСҲ¡
нʮûгˣҲҪһĶ֣һԵҲҲ
ͬʲôΪ
壬۶
룡
˲ɶһۣж¶һ˿𾪡
СۣǸʿȴѾҶҶͬս鴫˳ȥһҲ˷
ҵţһŵؼѾܾûгˡ
ҵûΪܣǵ˷ܹܶˡ
ҲûƴǣҶҺûгνԶԶȻûнˣҲ໥߶ҵĵȥɽݷҶҡҶҵĵɽҲݷҡܹһģܾûгֵҲǱʮָɴص
ͬҸϢһ죬ھд衣
ʦ巽㣬ھʦ̡͵ǣѾϢˡ
ãߣ
˱䳡ȥϣҵ峤ˡʱҲȥҶңֻǸʱҶ̫ͬСûмһͬ䳡ȥп
ͬ;Ѿ۶ҶҳһŰ
峤ˣֻеԵš
ԵҲŵһְ
˵˵ЦЦ䳡ҵ䳡ɽһɽڡɽȵĵͱڶ̻˷ơｻսɽˡʱɽȵͱ֮ϣվҵĵӣһͷɽȥ
ɽȿڣվ˺ˡ
ɽڡ
ҹδԶ
Ȼȳ֣ҹδʩ֮ڱϽԷ룬۳һԳкֶȥͬһƬ¡
ϡ
ҲһӭҹδĽ
˫Ľ֮佻֯ݺᡭ
һʱҹδˡ
лָ㣡
ҹδ˷룬躬ЦܹĽֻܴܺ㻹ûнھ
ǣҹδٴʩ񣺡ףͬЩȸˡ
㣡Ҳһɴˣûҹδ룬һҹδͳɽţҹδʧп
Ҷͬһû˱ǿ
ҹδûٻǣڸĻɽҰУѰһصɽȣȻһ˼Žյս̣һԼԽ⡣
ҹ
ҹδûԼΪʲô衣룬ҹδȡǸѶ̣氲ʯһǴѶ̱һĻĻʾҵӰ
ݼʦ
ҹδվŹӰеĶʩ
δ룬Ķ
ҹδͽԼĶͽ췢ϸ˵Ȼʵ
ʦȻΪһ۶Ҹо;󡣱ң־ңȴˡȻжԽڣҾòҪأ벻ͨ
ΪĽתٶȱ졣
ҿ죿
ҹδ΢΢üͷŽյսȻԼڽתٶһߣöԷһߣԼĽܻûչͱԷѹƣƽ⡣
ԭˣ
ôƣ
ҹδ벻Ϊ֮ʧ
֪ΪʲôǸĽת𣿡ҵ
ҶԽ򲻹
϶ⷽԭ򣬵һԭԭ򲻽ںڽһҲ䡣
ʲô
ԷɽķɽЩ빹ɵİɣ


524 취
ԣ
Ķã𣿵ضںͿʼˣʮˣɽ˼ʮ꣬ǷɽΪľνһת
ԭˣ
ҹδˣԼʱָ̫̣ʹȴû⶯ٶȾ
ʦа취𣿡
ûУֻܹʱ䡣ȻΪٶҲǶʱܹġҪܣĿǰҪרעڶԽϡ
ҹδ˺ͶҵͨѶ˴Ѷ̣ϥڵϣЩʧ䡣
ˣҪԼĽܣҪȥ
һǶڽҹδڽⷽ棬γս֣ΪԼԽ
һǶԷĿǰƺûʲô취
ҹδ벻ģҪ·սΪ˼ӿٶȡͬҲϣҵһܹӿٶȵķֻ涼ܹ٣ԼĽܹܲھ
ѵľûа취
ˣ
һһʦܲڷҳһ·

ҹδһʱǱܹԶվҹδڲʱҲܹԴԴϵվڣǱҲԶľ
з
ͱ𣬱ֻľǷȴҪʶڵľģԷľʶڵľܴ󣬷ĳɳҲô죬ʦʹʦ֮Ҳô
Ҫʶ÷빹һ
ҹδ뵽ʼöʮ빹ڷĹѾᳵ·ҲҪֻҪһС
һ뱻ʼγһһһڷγɵһ˲䣬ʶľǸ۶ȥ
һӺҹδֳЦݣٶ屶Ҳ˵ҹδһ꣬ڱꡣ
ʶڻжʮ̻˻зƵķ룬ҹδֿʼһ֮죬Щҹδڵٶȣÿյľṩټϻϸڵķ΢ЩҪռڵһЩ
һռڵĴٶģӦùʮҵġҹδ뵱ʱͷҲ;дһ£й֮أԼȥչһ
ʲô
ȻǼսǲȥսˣһֻ޶ë˼Ҳֲᷳ
֮ԴӦҹδдһԼˡҹδҿ϶Լȥ裬һٺԼд衣ԣԼֻȥսһĿꡣ
ϼƽԭżҡ
ݶҸԼϣϼƽԭżңһʿŹţʵҪǿһЩ
ڵҹδ϶򲻹ϼƽԭԶҹδֲٶȣϼƽԭҲҪµʱ䣬¶󣬵ǶȴӦŲСһսҹδܶµʱ䣬ȡɾ硣
Լļƻҹδ㿪ʼ˰Ͱÿ͹α֮󣬱
ϼƽԭľһ̡
ʿѾҶͬսܵϢ˳ȥһٶŸ򴫲
ҹδҲһս
һսҲûΪҹδܶҹδ룬ҹδ߿һۡ
裬ʮҡ۶
Ҷͬʮͷ۶
˵伸һҶͬܣѾڸŵĹâ
ʵأҶͬҹδ룬ʮͷ
ҹδ·Ĵʱ䣬ϣϣҲˡһս࣬ڵͳУʿıʼĵãڽһǧ
֪ǣĴŸˡֺߴһ£ַһ£óһۡ
ҶҵҶͬγģ󣬳һսս衣ˣս
ôҶͬĵڶսȥ
Ȼϼƽԭżңսżңȥǧɽڡ
ԣܶģû¶ģҲʿǰϼƽԭżҡ
۶ʿ֮սѾֵһˡ
ҹδߵֲҶͬݳ֣ûҪڶʱڻţȻҪúáϣԼڵϼƽԭ֮ǰ򵽴ɾ硣˲ܹżһȥ˾Űʵ̫࣬򲻵١
Ϧɽϡ
սḶ́İ壬ǰĵãʣڡҹδϵϢһ˿


525 
ʶڡ
ﵽ۶Ҷչҡһ˿á
ճ䣬䣬ճ
ҹδϵķ糾أ˫Ľ䡣һ˿˿
ϡ
ÿҹҹδ붼ѰһƧ֮
ÿһڽ򣬶ĽԲ
ÿһڷʹٶ
ϣϣϣ
һҹ
һ˿Ұ֮ƴܼ
ɣ
߿
ҹδХণ
ϼƽԭ
żҡ
żʮ֣˺ܶʿЩʿҲһϢҶͬսżҡ
ҷһ£ҶͬսӦŶΪŶҲ۶ΪҶͬΪ൱
ʱż´ڡ
һȺģһ˽Ŷʩ
壬ҪսҶͬ
һٮٮߣ衣ʮ꣬컨ء
ھŶûдӦǽĿϵ峤Ҽ̡Ҽ
ɣҶͬսҲսҶͬڣҲΣա
Ŷͷ˵ʵԭﶼûоҶͬսżҺҲͬżҺҶûʲô顣ҲظҶͬӡ
ƾʲôսңҾҪս
Ҷͬϼ
ԣ⼸кܷڲ벻ȵˣôʿʱǱˡĲȡҶͬ趼򲻹ȸû塣ʲô˶ȣ͵ñȣˣˡ
վҲֵС
衻ЩĵģȻΪҶͬһ⽣Լ̵ְֽģδؾͲܹҶͬ򲻰ܣҶͬҲδӮˡˣҶͬҲûսԼˡ
ֶӶ򲻹սң
̤̤̤
һƥƿ˳żɽſڵ۾а
һֵġ
Щкܶʿǰżңв֡żʿҲҴ⣬ҹδɽǰżʿӭ
λǰγƺ
ҶͬҵİݷŶ
ҶͬǸʿȻ
ҹδֳ֮ɫǰʲô𣿡
ŶŶԵȣ
ǸʿѾ˽ȥһ򣬱µһȺ˴ɽ˳֮ԾɢڳһֵģȻɽſվסһȺˡ
ⷬƣҹδһ
Щ˶Ǹģ
ȻĿһһҹδ˹ҹδ빰Ϊ
¾Ҷͬ
ǣ¿Ŷҹδ빰ֻ
衣Ŷ塣Ҫս壬ȹһءҹδ룬ҹδ벻ϣּһ䣺
Ҳң
ã
ҹδشĸɴ࣬˭Ǵ
Ҳˣ˴ŶܺԼ
㲻ҡ˵ʲô
˵ãʼɣ
ϡ
һкҹδΧҹδӰ롣
Ҳͷų󣬽Լ֣Զ졣Χ˶רע
룡еҹδһ
ҲûпԷΪԼߣöԷȳ֣Ƕҹδ衣˫ûޣɲá
ȥ
һҹδƶȥ
ȥ
ҹδҲһȣˮͶԷĽײһ
ݺᡭ
ҹδ۾΢΢һУ˲жϳԷƽٶȱԼ졣ǶԷʱԼ
Լ㣬ֻܹʱ׷ϡ
衶ڽԼϺԼ࣬ǶԷʱԼ
ǣԷĴвԼ
һԼӦܹӮ
ǣҹδ벢ûҪӮʹ죬ȻƾԼĴи߳Է̫࣬ݿһӮ¶Էʧȥս塣
ΪԼвԼǶڽⲻԼҽٶȻԼѵõĶ֣ѵõ
ϡ
˼һ𣬴ԼһӺΧۿʿЩˣ衵Ŀһ˿
㿴ˣҲܹ衵Ŀţҹδɫȴʮɣһ˫ֳ˼֮ɫ
衵
Ŷɫʮѿ˭˼ſڣôɣﶼˡ˵ʲôսҶͬġ
ʱֹȥ˰ʱҹδڽԽԽŽԲ衾ԽԽˣϵ֮ɫѾ


526 
Ŷ̲סˣһҶѣ䡣
ϣ
ҹδκˣˣ˾롣
ɫҰܣľ޴Ĳ԰ףеĽѾȻ޴档ҹδһۣĬĬȥ
Ŷ߳ȺվԭλãҹδĿҲһ˿Ȼ
Ϣһ
ã
ҹδûпϥ۾ʱ˵ȫġôΧۣû˻֡һߵϢһղսУõĽʵ衵սûжģʵ̣ȫԺԲơ֮ʹӦϢҪľʱ䣬ս
սĿֲǺ¶ݣΪľ
ο
֪ڵľ棬͸ߵߵˣ
ںսʤֻںǷܹ򣬸ҪͨսܹύһЩѣǽһˡ
ŶҹδϥϢϵɫ΢һ
ҹδ˱֣ҹδûдģȴһĺܴıҲǸ衵̨סҲֳҪõ״̬սŶŶӡ
ʱŶҹδӡǺ˺ܶ࣬˫֣صȴ
ʵϣŶʮҹδûжģΪǸ˶ܹҹδ衵Уֳɡ
ʱҹδսãоԼڽ𽣾һԲֱƽһ
һԲԺҹδûбҪ󣬶ΪܵõԷܸΪǿ
ҹδվŶŶʩ
룡
룡Ŷɱ˫֣˵
ϣ
ҹδ뽣кûսŶҲ󣬶ֱŶǶȥ
Ŷһк
ҹδĿһ
ÿ죡
軹Ҫһߡ
ҹδȳ󣬵ûеȵĽ󵽴ŶǰԷĽѾХҹδĽײһ
ʱ䣬ײܼ֮ͬŽ
Ҷͬǿ
һԹۿԼϣȫһ֣ŶоҹδǿغͶԷӲӲȻԷ
ʲô
ԷʵԼǿ
۶ҹδҲ۶ͬΪʵҲǲͬġ
ҹδ벻ʶ֮Ҫۺ
֣ҹδĽܱǿǿֹһ
˿ҹδں衵Уûʹȫ
ʱЩɡ
ҶͬʵӦ谡
ʵƷôӮ
ѵֽˣ
ʼһСҹδ룬ӿɾʹˡ
ӮҶͬҶͬӮ񲻾˵Ӯ
֪ҹδںʱҹδĽСɣ¸·ʱ䣬ҹδԷ൱ڱʮ¡ڷÿһ죬ٶȶһ˿οʮ£
ϡ
̶̵İӺŶСĽ˴룬ΪһСˣҹδ㣬ǾٶȲ
һ룬ҹδŶ
ɽʱ䣿
ȷĻѾˣѷɽ֫壬ŶķɽǾһ˵֫壬ҹδķɽǼ֫
˲ӰٶȣжԷɽƿأԷɽƿزȻҲӰ쵽ٶȡ
Ӳˣ
ŶҲΪŻҶͬͬʱҲ̾һҶͬĽ
ԼܹлԵõֽĴС

и֪ʱƣҶͬɽʱ乻ãԲҶͬĶ֡
ҶҪһ콾
Ȼпȴû˿ɣؿʼѹҹδ롣
ʱŴȦʱˡ໥֮ʮɣ뱻ԷĽ۽
ҹδҲ֪Լ㣬ڽٶϲԷԷ׽ΪٶȲγɵ㣬μԼĽ󡣵ҹδԼϵٶȴҪǿŶ˫ƶسɴ磬ԺŶ־룬ȥԷܣ̶ԼĽڱԷ׽
ּҲֻܹӻܵٶȣȴܸı˿ơ˫ľڲϵؽӽ
ʮɣʮɣʮɡ
ѹü⣬һĿռ䣬ͬ
ϡ
ҹδڷɿ
Ŷûеƣһ𡣶ΪȾǹһαһαḶ́ǹںϷںϷǰᣬǶеκһԶҪž㲩


527 ʤ
ڵҹδһȻеκԶž㲩֮ǰֻۣͨս㽫аЩǰĵںϵһ
ܿʼɿ
ǴʿĺôƷĴУǰḻĵáͺñдʿѾ㣬ôôӦôȻֵḶ́ڶֹУһ
ҪȫԼٶҪˡ
ͱŶҲмǰĵñʼǣǻڶ
ȻûУһٵöࡣ
ʱҹδѾһЩ֮ǰЩԻĵط
ǰʿĵñʼУҲнԷɽʱӽܡ
Ǳǽ࣡
ٶȲͨĸıӰԷ
غʵ
ҹδĽʼ˱仯֮ǰĽ仯һٶȡǴʱȴ˽ࡣ

ֱ仯һӱŶ
ȷ˷·ڱŶٶҪҹδ죬ܹۿҹδʸٶȣ켣Ȼ׼Լļʸҹδļʸҹδȴ޷Ŷļʸ
Ϊ˫һٶԷ
ڲͬˡ
ҹδ볤ˣļʸٶȷ˱仯һ죬һؼһٶȿ죬ʸȥ֮ڿеĹУһ죬һ
Ŷô㣿
ҹδļʸٶȣ׼˽ڵأ˭뵽ǼʸͻȻˣⲻؿˣ
ҹδļʸͻȻˣҲסڵ㰡
սĹܣܹҹδ뽣ǵǸʱ򣬽Ľˣûлҹδ뽣㣬ǿ˹
ҹδΪʵǿŶķЩܡ
⻹ܵģܵǣҹδ벻ǽˣҲˡ
󽻴ݺײҹδĽĳ˵ĸоǿײʱֱˡͺñһ˿һʯͷʹȫȥǸʯͷȴû뵽Ǹʯͷһ޻⻹Լһƨɶף
ȸоĵطȴȻúءͺñ㿴һ֦΢·ḧգ㶼۾ˡ֦ȴһӸճˡ
˭ܵˣ
ܲ˵Ļں棬ֱȿظΪ˷ĵʵ
ŶԷײȥԷĽһӱ飬ԼͷԷĽֱʵԼĽ顣
ŶԽԽܣѾʼı䣬ҹδ뽥ռƣʼѹŶ
ȫŶԤϣԽԽĻţѾʼơ
߿
ҹδ뷢һХ˽࣬غʵ֮󲻾ãĽԲ
ԲĽΪԲ֮ǰŶܹ˵ٿ
ϡ
һƴŶĽˡ
ҹδ븺ֶ΢΢ŷŵǽΧת
Ŷջ˷ɽȴҲվûҲǴ˼ŷУо˽࣬غʵ
Χ˶֪Զѹۡ
ҶͬȻӮˣ
ôӮҶͬ
ѵˣ
˵Ŷǿˣ

Ӱӿʼر̣Ӱ˽£졣
ҹδ̧Ŷ֣ã
л
ŶҲֻ̬֣أлֻһһЩܷҶںᶺգ
Ȼԣֻ߶šҹδЦ
߶ţ
Ŷϲ룡
ļ죬ҹδסŸҲǵһ죬ŸϯдͣҹδŶ˲ʱȻ˾ʧˡ
ŶĶ໥ŶԼľ㾡ڣҹδҲûв˽Ŷʵģϸ
ҹδҲû˷ᣬĽ󾭴ﵽ˴Բĸ󻹶ֻСɾ磬ĸͶԷд衣
Ŷҹδ뾹ȻĸԵĽкøĽ²ҹδд衣Ϊ֪ͲͬԣǸƷʵĽԼҲżĺô
ҹδԴ˽࣬غʵ֮󣬶ڽ̤һ̨ס
һܸٵ̨ףĳ̨ס
Ҳ˵̨ܸڣʲôֻҪһ飬ܹ׵ؽСɡ
ˣҹδ뽣Ľɿ졣
Ÿ죬ʱˮľ󣬻󶼴ﵽʮֽӽɵľ硣
ǲͻƣ֪Լƿ
ƿҪǿѹƫƫڵŶѾѹ
ˡ
Ŷ᲻ãҲ֪ҹδҪȥսԱҹδһ뿪żңǧɽȥ


528 ս
ǧɽŵĶ⣬˰գŶ
ͬٶȣǧɽºˡ

ҹδ뺬ЦȷʵܼսûкôӰ򣬱Ͼÿһս֮󣬶Ҫ
Ȼҹδ˽࣬غʵǶڽ࣬غʵղûдﵽ£ⶼҪʱȥȥ˼ȥ⣬ȥս࣬غʵںϣǲܹﵽǿܡΪǿĻ
ҹδ뻹Ҫÿһεʶڵһ˿õ£ں֮ʱ
ҪһαÿһιḶ́е򣬶е򣬺ʻĽµ
ԵĽԭͽԵİϡ
ԣҹδ·ϵʱ䲢û˷ѣڻس֮С
һº󣬲˵ҹδԽ࣬غʵ򣬱ԵĽ󶼷·˿һ϶ͻƴɵ⡣
һ£ҶͬսŶϢٵشҶͬսǧɽڵϢҲڷɿĴ
ҡ
ϢһĴ㵡
ʲô
ҶͬսʤŶ
ôܣ
Ҷ򲻹
Ϣʵģ಻ɾһ
⡭ҶͬɳҲ̫ˡ
У
ҪȥŶҶͬһˣŶҶͬõܶ࣬򲻻Ҷͬ
Ҫȥǧɽڣͬھﵽʲô̶ȣ
ˣٶǧɽڸȥʱкܶʿڸǧɽڡ
֮ǰҹδŶսʱ򣬻ûôǵҹδŶ̶ҪսڵʱӰʹˡ
Ҳɽţд͡ҲҪλҶͬǿʲô̶ȣ
ԵĻܹҶͬڣǾˣ
ʱҹδŶȴƵߣǧɽڻнһµ·̡
ǧɽ
ڡ
κʹԶ
ɫɣκһڲʦܣҶͬ˽٣
˵һ¡˼ҶͬɽҶˣҶһţչؾ꣬һأնɱɽܵһ캣ָ丸նɱܵʿ챦ȷʵһšǷڣͣΪʵĻͬεʿӦûĶ֡
ܹţҲܹΪšκֳ롣
Ҷͬսڵλʿ
⻹˵𣿡κ嵭ҶͬĽ϶սΪģγ˭֪ΪֲսΪߵģض۶ġ۶ʿҲûж٣ѡ潣ģҲʣ˾ˡ
˾ƵԸɲ̫ãǶһ£ʱҶͬˡûҶͬˣҲˡ
κҡͷҶǳ෴ҾӦȰҶͬˣ֪ڵŻڴҶͬǲܡ
ŶҲ˾дȻˣ˾ŶôܴҶͬ
ҵǵ˾ƱҶܸҹδ룬ǾЦˡ
ԣ˾ƣ
ԣȥ򣡡
ˣˡʿ˽ϣҶͬڻһյľ룬ǰ͵ˡ
ҹδŶ졣ʱҹδѾ򣬺Ŷģ滺Լ񣬼һʵ൱ľҹδҪԼ״̬۷塣
ͬûв´ȥս˾ưɣ
ţʵΣ
ǿҴ򲻹ŶԵЩƫִܽҲƫִͽŻߵľɡ
ܺ˵˵𣿡
ʲôܣΪҲ֪۶ĽľҪͲΪʮѲҵ
ա
硣
Ѿۼ˴ʿЩʿԸ򣬶ۿⳡġ˵һѾ۶κܸߵˮƷ
ҲվȺУΡ
ɽǰվŴκ岢ûг֣һ۶ʿսΪûбҪ֣Գ棬ѾǸҶͬӡվ˾ơ
˾ƵǷ촽ܱ۾һֿ̱֮Сʱ۾һ˿ǰ
ǰˣˣҹδŶ


529 ڵ
ԶԶأҹδǣȥվɽǰ΢΢ͷҶͬǺҪԼ˾ˡ
ͷû£˾һ̤ȻηƮڰУͷҹδ룬˼ʮԣ
īˣǴ
Ͻ꣬ﻹм¡
һѪԼûпڣǾͳȥˡ
ˣ
ɡ
ҹδŶͣ˽ŲŶϴŵЦ⣬ҹδ
ͬ˾ơȷʵһ۶ٮٮߣֻƫִѽСġǸսأδսӡ
ҹδͷȷʵһսҹδӲں
ȻԷڳһսģǾһսƫִԼԼϡ
ҹδ̤αն𣬶ƫִˣҲֻʤҹδû˿⣬շ˲䣬Ѿ˷۵ķɽ

˾ڼ֮ǰǷһ߰ĳХХͬһ㣬ⲻͨХһҹδ뾫ǿ󣬶ŷ˵ʧأԷһܡ
ţ
˾һ˿ԼХһطǵ۶ʿԼһХʧءǿҶͬȻ˿ңܹʹŽԼ
˾Ƶֳһ˿ս⣬ҹδǿһʽ
ս
ҹδȻ֪ǶԷսȴ˿⣬ľŶԷǶȥ

ͷŵľľԷ빹Ľľ
Դӵ֪ľ󣬱Լľ˲̵ܹľ
˵ľľԽһ֧ôľľԽܸ١ڽƷԶԶľġ
ǣ˽һ֣ҹδ·硣
Էľ󲻽ԲҽתٶԳŶҹδܴѹ
˫ĽͲΪ֯ͬһ֡
ڳʼ֮ҹδͷٶһ飬ӲˣҪʱȥûʲôϣҲҪʲô
Ѿľϡ
˵ҹδʵҲ٣ʶҪ˾Ǳǳ־˾ơĽƷԶʲô
Ҳ㣬ľ󻹲ɣȻʮɾ磬ҲǴɣֻܹСɡ˾ƵľȴǴﵽ˴Բ硣α˾תٶҪҹδ롣
˫ŵȱ㣬Ƕڽ˵Ȼ˾Ҫǿڵҹδ빥һƣҲܹԷܡǱԽ˾ռơ
ҹδֻƣ˵ʧˣǼֶֶ֪ܹ೤ʱ䣬ͱ˵ˣΪѹ̫󣬳ܵʱ䲻
Ǳҹδ뻹˽࣬غʵ
£һʿ΢΢üͷ
Ҷͬô
ôôܵŶ
ʱѾŶߣ֣İܸͬ
Ŷתͷһ裺Ӯͬ
ͷһڶӦòҶֵģ
Ŷǳ鴤һ£ͺúÿɣˣ֪ѾͬĶˡ
һ㣬רעսȥΧʿŶĻҲˣźͲ⣬ע
˷ȴ۾һ
ҹδĽͻȻ仯һֽ࣬·ǽеĽɱǱڵһɡ
£˾糱Ĺܵ赲ҹδڰơ˾ȴûоţֳһ˿ϲ
û뵽Ҳ˽࣬ǾͿĽ˭ǿ
Ҳ˽࣡
ҹδбһݣȻ˾ƵĽҲ˽࣬˿ʼ˽֮
˫֮һʼҹδоһϲĽбȶԷǿѧϰİֻжԷǿܹѧ
ΧʿʱۣܹͣۿʿΪͣԲʿʱ֮ա֮Ľ仯ͬ磬ͬˮ˭ֻ֪Ҫ˭Ľϣıǰ֮Σʱᷢ
رŶ裬ʱɫȻͬʱֳһͷ
û뵽˾ƾȻ˽࣬һߵҵǰ档
Ŷ˫Ŀ΢΢Уһ·ϺҶͬѧϰ˲ٵĽƿأҲǿȻ˾ƣһһЩغʵ֪˾ƶغʵû
ﻹڻûʧֱĶˡ


530 ɱ
ԼʱΪʲôҶͬһ
ˣԼǲҲˣ
ҪιĦĻᡣ
˦˦ͷʼע֮
ҹδûмԼڽ·磬̼ذ壬һ֪һ˵ǱԣҪѹ²ܹھ򵽼¡ذ壬ܹ˾ƴƽ֣ټʵܹӮ˾ơ
Լ˵Ŀأ
ûﵽ
ûﵽⲻǰ״
ҹδûмغʵ壬ֻͶԷƴͽ࣬ⱻԷѹƣʼǱѹѾеҹδļˣҹδ˾жףڱֳʵ˵ȫʵҹδְʱ
ѹҲҹδҪˣѹڲϵѹեǱϵھԡѾˣ˾ֻʤûʲôд裬ⳡս˵ǼȷʤҲܲǾҪó£ܲ䣬͸Ҫó¡
ҹδ˶Ѿȫרעں˾ƵսУ֮ͬʱҲԷ֮Уһ
ľľ
Խ࣡
ⶼͬͬԵķ棬һսĿǰΪֹѾԽҹδ裬Ŷ˾
ʱڿٵؽӽʱҹδҲԽӵǱѾѹڼСķΧ֮ڣ·ʱᱻ
Ҫ֪֮ʿԽԶҲǽֵķΧԽ󣬶ʿΣԽ͡һ󶼼ʿϣǽһʿضûУֱӾͻᱻĽʳ촷ۡ
ΧʿʱţΪҹδţرŶ˵ָ׶۽ġ
ʱҹδĽҹδֻ·һ
˾Ƶûһ˿΢Цûһ˿仯ҹδ룬ҲоѹȻһֱռƣۿžҪƻΪʤƣȴɲһ˿ɡ
˿ν־
ˡ
ҹδĽȻš
֨֨
˫Ĭ飬ҹδĽջ˴ԼʮףΣԻ
ŶȻһͬľͻƴˣ
⻹ҹδһսлͻƣѡƣѡľ󣬶ѡĽ󣬹ƴʱͻơҲ֪ҪԼľͻƵԲⳡѾˣҪʱȥ
ôڡ
ҹδĿüᶨȻ˾ƵֻʤԼҲύˣҲͲù˼ɶԷˡ

ҹδѸ˾˾ƽԼҲܶĻͻơ
ѡһأ
ѾԲľҲ˵Ч֮УӦøɣ
˾ҹδ̸ж
ϡ
һƬܼ֮𣬻Է۵һкľڣҹδΧγ˻
˾ȴɫû˿仯ټһܹΣ
ľ򲻹ңһܹùˣ
һɵƣѵ֪ʹʶ֮
ǡ
ǹžɫ˱仯˫Ŀͷųɱ⡣
Ϊҹδ뾹Ȼľľͬʱţ˾Ƶľײһ
ؿɲˣİǻ𣬶ͲҲľԣƬʱڣ˾ƾȻûΪҹδ뻻ȡ󣬶ռıˣҲֻǽһѹһ
ɫøѿΪҹδͷųܸѾͻƵɵľ
ʲô˼

ȻҾͳȫ㡣
ϡ
˵֮ǰ˾ƽϴɱȴŨʱĽȴѾɱݺᣬеɱⶼ˳
ҹδžлӦţڻ˻֮ǰ֪˾ԭƫִԼôضἤŭҲҹδҪĽѹԽԽࡣ
ԵдֲҲдԵ
Ҳ֪ԼҲֻܹһν򵽴ɣȻٻˮŭľͲ˾ˣڡ
ԼС壬Ա֤˾ƲݶȥڣǾˡ
ڽ֮УںľĶԿУϵѹƣȻҲڽԿ࣬ҴʱڽѾӽ˾ƣѾɱ˾ƣȫ߶֮£ƾһ㡣
ҵõĲֹҹδһˣ˾ͬҲ


531 
Ҳ಻ʱ䣬ȴûһĶ֣ҹδһսҲͬԽ˽һҹδ˾ҲȻҹδְľ󻻳ûĻ˵һʲô
ҹδһѹƣԽԽ󣬽ؿʼǱ
Ǳ֮£ҹδҲûпԼغʵǿѹ֮£Ľ˿ʹһֽʱܹ顣Ҳѹ£ĻڷɿĻۡ
ԭڴɵżˮɣһɡ
䡭
ɵĻȻţͬһƬ޾Ĺ֡˫˴ÿһռ䡣ҹδ벻ǱȴҲ·硣
ֹ˰ӣҹδ˾ƽ˫ƽְڣ˭Ҳκβ˭
˾ƵǽԲƿرҹδǿҹδǽƷȶԷߣʶ֮ȶԷ񡣱ͳ־Զʤ˾ơ
ۿǽ֣ҹδȴףŽȥ˫ģ˾ƱضܣΪʶԼ
ֶֽԼѾûѹȻҲܹ򣬵ٶȾҪࡣЩˡ
κˣЮ˾ǰһƽΣ
˾ɫʮѿҲ֪ȥԼҲӮˣͷתŷȥһ仰Ƿ˵ҹδҲ·ȥʱվɽſڵĴпʼΪѡԭſ˾ƻҶͬȻǰ˴һƽ֡
ʱѾҹδϣ㼱æһѾվҹδǰ
Ҷѣ󡣡
ҹδǰսȻҲһЩΣΪ
ϡ
ЦҶѣ⵽ſˣܲǲдһ£߰ɣ
ϣҹδ뻹ǲƴǡֻٴΪ
лϡ
ǣڴϯȻһ֣κҲϯᡣϯһģκ֪ԼҶͬΪҶͬں裬Ŷ˵һ׼ȥؽս
ضһЩʲôʵ
ڼ棬嶼ŷ潲ҲȻʵ潲ʿҲǿۺʵͲܹȵġ
ˣô
˼̾ͻ뿪ʹһԴ
ˣҲͷ˼ǼҶͬǵۣҲҪҶܹͬߵ̶ֳȣ
ջߵߵĲΣǻս֮У
ô˵ҶܹͬʤҲǵĹؽ

κĿ˸ŶҪҶͬһߣвһǲԼŵĺҲȥʶһ
ʵϣ˾ʸһȥģȻ˾ƲӦ뵽һĺĵӣһţ˻ɳʮ꣬ʱҲϯ䣬ֻһ
κŴ֣ʩ
ͬκҶͬеЦţŵŵӣʮ꣬˻ءͬʦ㡣
Ҷ㡣æҶͬʩ¶һ˿ݵĹâ
ʵںܶӵ˭ܹ˾ǸħǾͻ˭
˾ƽʱҲʮְԵִ֪˶ŵӡ
ͬ㿴ܲȥʶһҪģʱٰԼҲС
ҹδ㿴˴֮ɫͷӦŶˣһǷţҲǷš
οԼֻͬţȴûӦչˡǿǿ
κҲ֪ǳȥս·;֮һиա
˼κˬ˵졣ʲôգҲʲôԵڼס顣
У
⻹ʲô˵ģ
ҹδȻӦҲٶڶ죬ҹδ룬裬ʹĸ˱ŵȥ
ҪأܹءҹδٶȣҪصðҵʱ䡣
ҹδٶĲ죬ΪҪսľ顣
һ˾Ƶսľͻ˫˫ɣǴԲֻˮûнɡ
ıԴͨģԲľɣˮżĸЧҹδÿż裬Ŷһ¡ڵھ죬ˮͻƵɾ硣


532 ħ
⣬ĸǴɡ֮ҲԼͲܴﵽԲҪܾúܾõʱȥҪ٣ȻҪͨսѹѰͻơ
ٶȻݹ˺裬Ŷ˾ƵսȻ˾ƵǱڵҹҹδˣԼҪ뿪һ뿪¶ӪأһƧ֮ôѶ̹ͨ˶ҡ
δ룬д˰ɣʲô
ҹδ뿴ŹĻϵĶҡͷΪǸΪﵽ˴ɣԲˡ
Ҳһϲ֪ҹδԵĽû뵽ô죬͸ԽɡҹδԻǿ󰡣˱ҹδΪҲΣ
ڻõĹУ
ţ
Ҫ黨ɣ뿪ŵ֮ǰĲҩǶ黨𣿡
ҹδҡͷżԼŵҩӦû⣬黯Ḷ́黨϶ȱݡ
ȱݲ󡭡
һ˿ȱҲУҹδᶨҡͷ
ǡס黯ĹУ黨Ҫš
ס
ʲô¶
ʦû
У˾Ƶ
ǣ
ĻеĶҳһµһǺʺ㣬ħ
ħ
ԣͨ𵴣γһɣܹʿγĹҽħʺһҲʺϽ󣬽ܸһ飬
ã
һʱҹδȫס˽ħĴУ˴Ѷ̣Ӫءûҹδȥÿ˶Լܡ
ҹδϥԺпʼĶħ
ħʶʶҪ󼫸ߡҽħĴѣħûзյģҲһˣ֪ὣħ˷ҲͻܽħɣԼϸˣܹɳγɰ׳ա
ħֻܹɵƣ֮ʲܹʹãƽʱܲþͲá
ΧűˣҹδΪ˱ܣȻħԽ뵽ռռ
ǣһ쿪ʼҹδֶһռħ
ڣҹδսֶԽԽḻⲻҹδϲսþӣϲȴһʱΣյţԼɱı졣
ڡ
ʦһˡȸĴӣ߽ȸĶǸոմƵݼԼʦ
ʦƵһ˳Ƶ⣬ʿټ
ȸɫƵǱʿҲ֡
ֻǡɫЩصҲ쵽һЩʿЩʿ·ںЩӼЩʿͬ
Ŷкβͬ
ƺѰʲôӺѰƵ
ȸüͷ΢һ죬ӽƵһ𣬾Ԥϵᷢûв͸ʡ
ʦҲѰҵĲƵǱʲô
ܴܺ󡣡ȸͷǲѰʲôֻҪѰңͺܷܿƵйעλʦƵǱǷˣҲĨȥۼʱõġ
ǣʦ
֮ܵǰܳĵ˭
ǽ£ԭ񲨺ͽӳѩ¸ոճأûͻ֮ܵȡһЩҩֱչˡ
ȸоֳʧ֮ɫһûгسɹڶγɹʾͻ½ҪΪܵʿˡ
ԭ񲨺ͽӳѩأ
ԭڵһαչأûгءӳѩûбչأ˵Ҫٳһʱա
⽭ӳѩдʿ֮硣ȸصͷܵôףǵĸɾ̤ܵš
ʦ˼ǣ»ļˣ
Ҳȫǣȸ̾Ϣһҹδ˵öԣƵʿЩˣǱصɵˡûмʶľʣ۽Сˡ
ʵϣǶ֪ҹδߵĵ··ȴ̫ΣգƵĵƣ
ҹδƺܹܵ
أȸҡҡͷ̾ϢһŸո۶Ҫȫ黯ʣҲҪʮʱ⣬ȻһγɵѡҪʮʱ⡣ȻеƵŻأǿ԰ҲҪʮʱ䡣Ȼǳܵ
ڵ԰ʿ黯ֻǡ
ȸһҹδҶͬݳ֮⣬ֻͶ֪϶֪֮̾ΪǴµĸţڵʿõĻᡣ
ҹδҶͬδؾûлᰡ


533 
ؽ
ҹδĸߵĿҰС
ͬǰ治Զ¡迪ڵ
ҹδͷڵҪսʮ˳Ǽ壬ʮšȻս壬ȻսţǿĽڣҪ
ûģսķΧ֮ڡȴֱ¶ԭһ
ҽһнЧЧʮԡͨ۶ʿ죬Ҳ黯ٶȷϼ콾Ч죬˵ֱ黯ʿ
ԭµ֮ǲ⿪ŵġǧǰµͻȻѱһֺǷշգҫաڵʱʿǰǰ˴žֶ׷׶ȴյķ赲ǵĽŲǷ⾹Ȼ罣һϬвʿ˷֮£һڴ֣ûߵǰ
Ƿ֣ŷͦĹУԷĵġǴϲȻܹģһҪĴһա

һڸִʮ꣬Ҳûͦپ룬ûпĴϣǣ¾һ취
ÿ¿죬ҪˣҪҲ˵ķ⡣
ǿʮִִΧŸˡÿ±оŸÿ´һտʼ˭ȥ˼죬ÿдþԽԶľŸˣ
ÿֻһĻᣬһ죬ӵлᡣ
һÿ춼۶ʿڴķ⡣
ԣ̫ʿ´ӵһصھŹؽ۶ʿֻҪ黯磬ȡһ´һΣʣµʱҲ
кʿǸ۶Ҫ黯磬ҲҪ￴
¶ؽһˣ
ô£ҪԺ˯ɣ
ڸһǣƾǵ룬ȫܹˡǧ¾Ϊһֱûķۺʵ˺öࡣʱǶ룬ʲôʱ򽫷ķһգ򿪷֪´ĻԻͣ
¾Ϊһûд򿪵ķˣĽͬ˵µķһ򿪣ĻԻͣ
ҹδĬһڵ״õġ
ΪʲôʵһѾԶԶؿ¡
ûʲôĻԵֻͨĻԵǶ²ûʲô̫İʧȥ˷⣬Ҳû½ĳǳҲܿ±ʧȥһشԴԴµۺʵ½
Уû˷⣬ȻҪʿȻҲͲٿʿѾϰÿоŸƱػἤʿķŭһأҲҪʱ
оԵأʵ
ŶͶ̾ϢһҹδоԵ˵¾ͻԵϡԺûˡ

˽˷ǡ
Ȼֻһ֣
Էס޹󣬷ûһĵط
ĸ˶ˣڷϢһ죬ڶ뿪˷ǣ¡
̺˳һͬˮǧʱѾµĺжһ̿۶ܹɡ
ϸĵǼ֮һ˱㱻һСǰ塣
ԶԶر㿴Ѿ˫ӷ壬Ϊмѿ˶ѿɽ룬һֺķ
ҹδ۾ԶĻֺȥȴ޷ΪǷͣͷŷ⡣ſһ£һѿɽ壬γһֱߵϿȡϿȵ룬ϿȿڴԼһǧףǷͬɫĺԴԴϵкš
ʱʿϿͦŶڴϿȿǧ׵ľ뷶Χ֮ڡ
˵ʲô
˵ЩϿȿںܻܹӽǧס
ǧ׵ľڣľۼܹǧʿ
ǷżΡ
ھϿȿڰֻʿȻھϿ׵һǧ׵ľھۼһٶʿȻֳַɼΡ
ҹδ²һ£һǧЩʿӦΪ۶ʿһΣο͵һ¡׵һǧмЩʿӦö۶ΪǾŸġ


534 
ǰˣѾܵˣǸոͻܵҲһ¡
ȻΧЩ￴ֵʿ۷׷ס
κ˺ǿ
ǰոͻܹܵߵ̶ȣ˵ʵѾ൱ܵ˰ɣȫܵڵӡ
Ҳ˶ʲôţԵڡ
ŵʿǿ
쿴ˡ
Ȼʹһҹδתȥһ˹°ɫģԳǸеĿ㡣
˵ǰչأҲǸոͻܵɣ
˭Աʡ
֪ɽûг𣿴µ콾
̤˷֮УŲУһ磬㵲ƬƬ⣬Խһˣܿͱ࣬˲Ŭǰͦ
ǿң۲䣬ұķ񡣡
дʿԹۿ̲ס
۲䣿ǲ֪СççأԵͬʿдʿܲ
һǰɾҪˣ򻼵ûʧ粻
ĳٶȺ;׼ıٲ١һɫҸҴģֵʱһξá
ǵÿʽ֮û˿̻ȴܲ
ǲҲûгΰ벽룿
ҹδ˵ջĿ⣬Ľɫ⡣
Ҳȥ԰ɡ
ã
˾ٲŷȥûǣÿ˶ȥģǵĿ⼸ۼǰϣûйעˣҲڿЩ۶ʿ
Ⱥڷǰʮ׵ľûˣҶôһξ룬Щʿ׼ʱ򣬲ע⵽ҹδĸˡͬʱ߸Ҳվ׼
ʮվһţÿжűҹδҲɷ۶ɵһ˴˽һȻһ˷֮С
˴ˣ˵Ŀвҹδʮϡ
̤֮к󣬱ٵǰͦеĳ裬㽫һ˿˿飬̻ͬʢ
ֻҹδߵú㲻ϲ죬Ǻеĳ裬𽣾ľˮ𽣾ֻʹѰһʺϵĽȻˮʺϣֻʹˮһ߻ˮһߺؿΧɫһķ⡣
⾿ʲôܺǿôԶľ룬Ȼͬһ㡣
ҹδһ£ԸҲһ¡
ϣ
γһ˿˿¡
Ȼһ©һ˿⣬ǷԼϡ
ǡ
һ˿ո֮ϣ㱻µĽܼ֯顣

ҹδҡҡͷӿٶȴǰȥˮ迪ͬһˮĻ⾡档
ܿǧ׷Χҹδ©һ˿⣬ȴɱ½顣
ҹδŲͣ·ڷƴĴ߽ǧ׵ķΧ©һ˿ֱ½飬Ȼ̤ǧ׵ľ룬̤˾Ͽֻһǧ׵ľ롣
Ѿ۶ǿˣΧһٶˡҹδͣ©һ˿⣬һ˿ϣôʮ֮һϢʱ䣬㱻½顣
Ѿ㹻ˡ
ҹδٴ©һ˿⣬ڷϣûб׽֮ǰѿһӣһ˿ڡ
һ˿ҹδ֮󣬱ʶҹδҲûȥֹŷʶѹһ˿⡣
ֻһ˿ֲһ磡
ǵȵһ˿뵽ʶɫȴһ䡣
һ˿뵽ʶڣȻһ΢СķӣȻʼ󳪣ֺʶ𣬾Ȼһ˿Ҫ˼
ˡ
ʶڵռһӾͰһ˿⻯ķȥˣҹδ뼱æֳһƾ뵽ռ䣬һ˿ڱռֽΪһξľ
ö
ҹδоϲľѾ̫࣬ڻҵõ˲䣬ȴҲԭɡȴķ⾹ȻܹΪƷʺܸߣֻһ˿ֽܹһξ
ڿǵľܲܳܵסЩ󳪡ҹδʮԼſɷӿԼ壬³ܲסԼͳˡ
ǧʷϣ١
ԼŪ̫ⱻ˷֡
˵ſգȻҹδγһУǲ鷳


535 
ҹδܿ˿ɫĺϵسˢÿ˵ӰԵģоһֻҪԼ̫֣Ӧû⡣
ߺţ컹жʮ죬ϣʮʱ䣬ܹԼϲ
ҹδɢȥ£趯ˮǹ¶©÷뵽ڣȻԴԴϵʶռգΪҺ̬
ֻǷԶԶϵؽ뵽ʶȻռԴԴϵսȥĹУȴϵ󳪣ҹδŪ̬ʧءһ˿ҪţĴԿգһͷֳ
ǿнԼصЩϰߣв뵽ȫʴʲôʲôӣ
᲻ʧȥңһȫĿܣ
ߵȫռԼʱԼ᲻ˣ
ͷѹ£ʱţȻشЩһ򡣶ռȻһ顣ѹ
ϸз𶯣ǷʼŹһֹӶԭʼĹââϸк뵽ʶʼԿ󳪣ؿʼѹ󳪡

ҹδ³һһ亹ʪ͸
ԼǱѣԼľʧڷ֮УȻ֪ʲôǽһá
ʼʶ
ţ
һԼʶڵ˲٣֮ǰŬֻ黯һɣǾôһ򣬾Ȼ黯֡
ҹδȻԼ󳪵ߵþ·ӣ˱ӿ黯Ḷ́û뵽⻹ôµҲֻµº͵ģΣաȴǰԵģΣգΣա
ǡ
ԼзѹƷ⣬ҪǣԼԿƷԼſɷԼʶԼķҲѹ˲ˡԼԿƷڲӰԼ̬£ȥ񲻾൱
ԵþôԤϡ
ҹδٴοʼʶȥеͬʱҲŷ롣ʱջҺѾǴҪˣ黯Ҫġ
һ졣
졣
졣
ʱһȥʱһ죬ҹδѾ黯˰˳ɶ࣬ͬʱռڵľҺȫˣһ֮ǰ屶֮ǰֻһСѾ˵һˡ
ҹδ벻ٷŷ룬ʼǰͦܿͳһʿҲûиߵͻǰ۶ʿĵһλ˵λͣ￹⣬ʱһ˿⣬Ϊʱڵλã˴ʿĿ⡣
һػһŶȴûлǸһĽҹδ빧ϲ
ҹδȾŸ˱µĺнߣס¡һ磬㱻쵽¡
һʮִִ
֦ҶïߴʮɣɴֵÿԾŸΧ£ΧɰڷžŸšŸҲû˼໥кһϥ֮ϣ뵽֮С
ֻ˲䣬ɢϢþŸ˶붨ҹδо˺ͷͬԵҪȷ˲١
ʱڱչз·һ˲ţҹδŸ˱ѣҹδһԼʶ΢΢ҡҡͷŻ־ܹȫ黯ҲԼҵ˷ЧָһεĻԵҲ͸Լʡʱ䣬ԼҪ黯»Ҫʮꡣ
Լûˣȥˡ
ŷķȥҲ˼űʿҲû˷ַܡ˭ܣᱣܣȥУ֪ܣҪôܿɲ򵥡
Լռ䣬ܹ󳪲ܳԼǸԭʼӵķҲܹѹ⡣
Ǳأ
֪ܣҲֻܹɵۣܴлûԵ
ͬ輸ӭ
ȥһηҹδֱ˵
Ϊʲô費δһҲûлȥˡ
ǣҹδҡͷֻǾǷһĺõط˵ˣҲٳһ£һλûԵأ
ãǾһΣ
ĸٴ˷Ǳߣֻǲʱ䣬ҹδʶڵȫ黯Ҫľһһû˿ҹδҲû뿪շ⣬תҺ


536 ս·
ֵһ죬ҹδռڣҺѾһŶûг嵽ǰšǵĹؽʿҪЩǿ󴫳еŲ˲١
ͬȥĶŶʵ
ʼս
ϵҹδ緢ľһ㣬áҲʵǿжڷɽЧҲǿ׷ϱ˵ĽŲϣּӿ˲
ھ뽫ľˮ󣬻򵽴ԲǸʱͿںˡȻںѾһЩ̣šж˼Ϊĥ󿳲񹤣нԲٰнԲǸʱںϣϿ쳵
һս
Ѯҡ
Ѯ˵ԵĹһʿҪսѮ콾Ѯݵʱ̾;ܾˡ
ʲôЦ
Ѯҿһ壬һŵ콾սѮңѮһһЩֻһӣһһ塣
ƨأ
ҹδҪս嶼һ壬ҪսŶǶšԶĵӣ֮ǰҲûʲôҪڵĹսûдһô᣿
ԣʱҹδվѮҵĴſڣѮҿŵһͽʿǳϲ˵ϣͷϡ
ҹδ۾΢΢֮ǰǰڣϰû뽫սģġ
͵ǲܴĿĵġѾоˣ㲻սѮңȥļ壬ܴĿѮһ״ţ͸ܽԼսˡ
ô죿
ֻ

Լһһ˲ܹõŵ𾴣ŻԼս
ڵԼûԼѡһѮҶҾܾԼΪǸ߸ϣû˻˵Ѯңֻ˵ҹδ벻
Լ֮أ
ѮپܾǾͻᱻ˵ˡ
ԣѮұսһҪӮ
ҹδһץڵϵİѮʿһĲмҹδһȥɫߵصǸѮʿһۣҹδ
ͬȥսһҡ
ҹδҡҡͷǿô£̧ͷѡһֱ֦Ȼָ罣Ǹֱ֦͵ؿȥϸС֦ҶһֱĹӡ
ͬʲô裬ŶʹĪ
ҹδҲȻӴָгȥһ硣ָ罣
͡
ͱóһᦣȡʺͷīдһд֣
սѮݣ
Ŀʡ
ҹδص˾ѮɽŰ֮⣬ᦲ˵ϣȻԼϥ֮¡
ǼŵѮʿһֱڶҹδ룬ϵּ֮ɫ䣬һʿͷȥ
Ѯ´ڡ
Ѯ飬Ǹŵʿ˻峤ɫһ
ôֻˣ
峤ǸʿһڿˮǸҶͬᦣս
飡Ѯһӷ֣Ц뿪ĻᣬȴҪǵ
Ѯӿŭ

ŭ
ҶͬΪʲôļ岻սսѮң
ǾΪѮӡ
ΪʲôѮҵı˲սƫƫսԼ
ǾΪԼӡ
ڵվȥ
ӣĸףѮҼڡ
Ѯݶס˽Ųսˣұս
ûսѮҼվֻ㱣̬̬ԡ

Ѯ³һľƽϢĵ׵ɱȴŨ˼֣ȥ
߰ɣȥ
ѮҼѮѾƽϱ¶ЦݣΪѮ̬£ǸҶͬսʤѮݡֻҪѮݷˮƽһԵĹضʿѮ콾ѮݵĶ֡ЦǺǵضλ峤ϵ
ߣȥĹؾɳһֻҰһֻˣ
һʿô峤ŮĶ֣
һ˲ȥ¶߶ߵò졣һڽ̸
Ӵˡ
ӵƢôҡ
˵᲻ỹûеȵߵſڣѾǸʲôҶͬɱˣ
̫ˡ

һ˲죬߱ģ߳ɽţ̧ͷ˰У΢΢Щ⡣û뵽ǸҶֵͬڡҲֻ΢΢Щ⣬ΪҶͬ·磬ʧֻʱ⡣


537 ̰
ѮǵһοҶͬս裬ŶʹǰʱǶҶͬͷŵľ󣬶ǷҶͬľˡľ򵽴Բˣٶˣ١ƿظԲˡ
Ŷã
Ҷͬڷɽܹ֮죿
ܵģ
˾ֻһԭ
ҹδھͻˣ黯
˻
ȥ죬黯
һһˡ
Ŷһۣԭ黯ĳ̶ϣΪǳҶͬģȴҶͬΪĸΪߵġ
Ӧİɣʵ
ţŶͷҾȫ黯ֻʣɣҸоĲͬӦȫ黯ˡ
ǿȥˣ
԰
ĿƵŰУһԵĴʵλʦ֣ǵ˼ǡҶ黯ˣ
ţ
УѮЩͷˡ
ܹԷĽƷԼߣȴû򵽴Բ磬ԼĽƷȻһЩԼȴ˴ԲһЩԼܻҪ΢ʤԷһ㡣
ҲܹԷΪӦ黯Լһľ硣ȴԼڱϾȻԷƽһЩЩҶͬƣʼѹԼֱԼ˽Ľ࣬һѹƵĶԷǶԷƺȻû࣬ȴӦȻԼѹƣȴǶʱܹܶԷġ
ҹδûпԼĽ࣬һԷԼѹͻᣬԼѹƶԷҹδ벻¶ݵģģҪԷԼѹڸտʼԷԼѹʱҹδ뻹ʧԷ֮ҹδžòСһһصýͶԷ
һЩĲ㣬ټԽﵽɣԿѮݣԵĽѹҲܹ֣Ҷľڷɿ
ѮڵʵȻҹδǿվһ壬һҲǼ壬ܺȵģοȡ
ȻǣȻΣգֻҪ£ǵ̾ͲѮܹȵġ
ǰڽ򣬱ʼĵõݣҹδļʣںԼľѮݽԼѹƺ͹ҹδľͬһŹʵӪȻ졣
ϣ
ľȻţͬһĹ֣֯ٺա
ľԲ
Ѯоһ֮ǰܹѹҶͬǱΪҶͬȲὣֻ࣬ǽɡԲȻսʤԼԼҪӮҲüѡ
Ȼɫͱѿī
ΪҶͬͷųһȻľĽʮӦʱѾɡ
һһɾĽ
ǡҵĥʯˣ
ڡ
еŭˣ
ϣ
ĽȻø
أ
ҹδĻռͲԷͬʱ˽ĽأıãصĽ棬˲͸ҹδ뼫ѹҹδڽذҲ򣬾ͷһ£ͻ
ˣҹδҲ֪ԼƾĽ󣬸ֲ˶ã͸ὫԲˡ
˵ҹδԭûһˢ飬еˡѮݵҹδ¶˾ģѾѮݣûѮݵĽгɱ
ǾͲһ˵ˢˡԼõջҲڽսУҲٷ˾ܾ顣ĽǵѮݣѵѮһڴ֮ͥɱԼ
Ǿ̫ˣϾԼս
ϣ
ҹδĻҲһֽ࣬һɣ˽ѹȻ·磬ȴڱ
Ѯݵоһݡ
ҶͬȻҲ˽еĽ
֮ǰȴûпڲſҲ̫Ʋˡ
ʱվڵϵѮʿɫҲʮֲÿҶͬʱѾ˾ѮݵĥʯֱǶѮҵ衣
Σ
ѵԼԳһҶͬ
ϣǸҶͬԲ֮ǰɣ
ʱѮ˵ɫԽԽѿΪǿѮȻռϷ磬Ҷ֮ͬ󣬲ǶʱܹܶԷġˣҶͬͺܿڱ֮ǰԲ
һʿȻܹ֮ҪǣҶͬĽ󴫳ƷȻԼҵĴлҪߡ
вɷ̰ҶͬĴоΪС


538 
һˣ֣һ£Ѯ峤ȥʩ
ǰ
Ѯ峤ЦλҶͬˣ
ǣ裡
żŶ
ڴ
Ѯ峤оһŶҲˣǴȴڵʿ֪һš
ֻһţʵҲҪѮԸһ
Щ̫ˡ
ѵҪĸȫɱˣ
ϵЦݸУǣ
Ŷͬսʮŵġ
ŶѮ峤оһսЩţ
Ŷһ˵˵ڵʱѮҼɫЩӲˡͬʱҲЩɣ˵ҶͬΪѮӣҿ˵Ѯ̧˺ͽһˮƽҶͬһ·սȥѮҲˣɡ
ǡ
ǽ󴫳С
ֺŶ˼䣬ŶҲǽʮˣʲôûУ֮͸¶ҶͬҪսʮŵ飬Լļڶ֪Ѯ峤˽ĸ˶Ū뷨
ΪˣһŪĸˣҶңңżҺھͻҹ˼Ҷ֪ҶͬսˣȻһսѮ֮ĸ˾ʧˣǲѮŪĸˣ˭Ūģ
Ūĸ˵뷨ɢˣ̬Ҳƽˣֺģ֪ҶͬҲսʤңȻſ˵صսбһͷǲѮҲҶͬȥһ
ǹۿˮƽĶսҲڼһǿ̫ܹ̫࣬ࡣ
һҪ֮ս֮ս֮ǰѮݵʵ֮սҲܹȫһЩ
̧ͷһۿеļսͷӼᶨΪѮݵ̬ѾЩʧˣ˽ƿҲЩʧˣҶͬѹСˣ£ҪսʤҶͬ͸ˡ
ЩѮЩ̫˳ˣӦȥʶһ£ĥһ¡
ϡ
ƴ룬ҹδͻˡ
Բ
ˡ
һֻȴѮ峤֣һƷֿѮݺҹδ벻ɺˣҹδ뾯˵ϵѮ峤
Ѯ峤ЦݶҶСѣսΪֹɡ
Ѯ׺ݵҹδ룬ҲԼκβҹδ룬оҹδķԼۺ񣬽ȥʤ治˵ҹδҲһɣףѮ峤ӦÿԼķۺ񣬼սȥѮݲȻѮⲻҲûбҪѮһˢ顣ŶѮһ֣Ȼ·ȥ
ѮݿҹδһۣһαʧڴſڣѮ峤ȴһΣҹδ븮͡ҹδЩԼôѮˣԼƭУȻɵԼɣ
Ҳƴǡ
Ѯ峤òʵʵ˵ҹδҲòӣԷһʿ˵ˣƴǣǽˡȴãѮδؿϺԼһߣѮжԼˣ޲ɱԼΪ졣
Ҳ֪Ѯ峤ôȰģѮݺҹδһˡֻһֱҹδ룬ż輸˵仰ҰϢʱ򣬷ֱ裬Ŷдһָһ
ŶȻǰܸѮݣѮҲЩԾû뵽ŶҲ˽ࡣ
ͬǲѾ黯ˣһգ˲У迪ʵѮڣҲ˶䡣
ţҹδͷ
㡭ǿ찡п
֮ǰѾ黯ˡҹδ
ˣȥŶͻȻڵ

㲻֪
֪ҹδҡͷ
㻹ǡһŶһп
ԭѮϸոֳмŶĻɫһ
ǰΪͣȻӴЩҹδչؾ꣬ⲻǸոճ𣿡ҹδЦ
Ҫ˵һأŶٶȸпܹ͵סįչؾ꣬дΪҲ֡
ҹδҡҡͷǸ˵˵ɡ
ϸ˵ǱߡڵĵطҲȥΪĻ̫նˣʺס궾֣ǴʿסǺǣǶÿʮ꣬µʧڣԭҲû֪Ȼ֣ʿǰշ
ﵽǶͶݣʿ˵ûʲôֵһʿʿ̽󣬷һҲϹʱڵĳĶľͷһ뺣ͼۿ뺣ͼܹʿһ


539 뿪
ôҲû
ԣҲ²⣬طܾϹĳڵרŸ黯ʿ׼֮ͨ󣬱ܹۿ뺣ͼһ
ˣ黯ʿΪߵʿûбҪȥ黯Ϊ͵ʿ͸ûбҪˡ
嶼ҪռΪԼԴΪ˱˴ս˫Э飬干ͬСÿֻ˫黯ʿ룬Ȼһɱ¾
ѾΪһǶ໥ɱ¾ĵط໥ԷӢ콾һطղһĵطˣʿֻҪﵽ黯ǰΪһѣ콾ʮ꣬ǹۿ뺣ͼܿһ
ͬҪҪȥ
жã
һʱɡ
ҹδ룡
ҹҹδϣĬĬ¡
һҪȥģܹԼʡʮʱ䣬ҪȥڵԼʱ䲻Ϊڵʱ䲻ǣԼҶͬȥҹδȥ
ҹδ뻹ǾҹδȥҶͬȥҲˣųһһˣҶͬҲˡԭԼһ·սѾʼˣ̫죬̫ߵԼݺܾܿͱ¶ˡ治ñ¶ǳáһ¶Ҷһᱻһҹ塣
᲻ȥһֱҹδѮͻȻʵ
ʱ˵ɣûáҹδ
ѮƲƲ죺Сһȥ
ҹδûֻаǰʱ򣬲ýˡֻܹýȻҲ÷һڽսУԼҲýˡ
գٴ̣ҹδλӿٶȣսʣµ壬Ǿͷֿɡ
ҪȥѮʵ
ҪҸطǱһʱ䣬ʱ򿴿
ϧŶ̾Ϣû黯ɡ
һĽѮݵʱ־ͰҶͬһ󣬿˭ܹﵽ뺣ͼ
ҹδӿսٶȣսѮݵĳɹϢȥ֮󣬹Ȼļûоܾҹδսģ˴ʿΧۡ
ڶսҹδ뽫ˮ򵽴ԲȻûͷų󣬶ˮϽ࣬غʵ˶Է
ڵϹۿѮ¶֮ɫû뵽Ҷͬһʵ
ҹѮݾŤŤҹδǰŤŤֹӣҹδ벻Цˣ
Ҫ֪ʵ
ţѮݵͷȻ֣ҹδʩ񣺡ָ㡣
ã
ҹδ뿴һѮݣ裬Ŷиոռ̡̱ҹδսҵ콾ڱҹδ֮ҲԥؼҹδĶ顣ⲻ͵õôˣ
ܹҹδ봫ڽʵ
սҹδԲһ˶㣬ҲҹδĶ顣߸ˡҹδĽ࣬غʵҲСɡ
Ѯݣ̺ͶҲҹδ壬ʱǲŷ֣ҹδ뾹Ȼֽ󣬶һﵽ˴Բ硣
ս
ҹδ뿪ʼн󣬱ɽľˮֵԵķ룬۳ַɽַɽн
нȻ߳Խ󣬵гɵ£ҹδнЩ򣬲ɶҲҲֻƤë׶ΣûţǼ˽Ľ࣬غʵҲܸԼ콾չչսһҹδʹн
չҲʵʵ˵ҶˣҲøҹδܣչҲֺǺǵؼҹδĶ顣ÿ켴ڸ·¶޵ʱһСȺҲʮֳ죬Ҳ໥д裬˸˵ʵڷɿ֮С
ҶͬҲ״˳ȥʼһСȺˣҲ֮ΪСӡǺʿһȺһȺģҪҹδս
սս˰׼ҵİ޳սսҵҹδ붼нϰˣͬʱҲɫҪõԽսһҹδʤֻн£ҹδѾŵıԵȴûšǽĽ࣬غʵȴӽ˴ɡ
ս֮ҹδͽսԭǼƻսʮŵģǾѾֻʣ°ˡ
Ҷ죬ҹδһ뿪ҡҲԼĴ㡣
裬Ŷʹ˷صĹء
Ѯݣ̣㣬޳չסң׼Щʱգһǰ


540 
ڡ
ҹδڰҹȻǱ룬ƣûо󣬱㴩˹ȥصԼĶһֱŵõ滺
ԼƵʱ䣬ټҶ߽ͬҹδѾ׳ȥˣû˹עԼˡ
ǰȫˡ
ֻǡԼҹδֿҪעˡ
ա
ҹδȥǣѾʦˣƵĵҩһЩĲҩǣЩҩܵĲҩƳܵʺܵʿõġ
ҹʦ㣬ܵˣ˷ܵʵ
ûУ׼ţҾЩܵĲҩҶˡܹɹƳܵҲǴʦˡ
ģҲ㿪¯ġ
һɫŶҵĶȥڶҵĶ˶ңվԼǰһͷָòҹδ룬ЩԾ
ôôͻˣ
ʦȥ
㡭һȻĿ黯ˣ
ţҹδͷ
¶˾ϲͷУº̣ºú
ûֹҹδ룬Ȼҹδѡ˲Ƶôѡһĵ·ҪΪǾҪϵðա
ֻҹδ뿪֮󣬶ҴҴҵȥȸĶ
ҹδˡ
ţսˣȸһüëҶͬڿȵˡ
Ҫȥ
ţ黯ˣ
ţ˷ܵصͷ
ѾͷȸҡҡͷԭΪܹڰɵѾǼޣȴû뵽ȥ˲һ꣬黯һ͸ʮһȵһһʱˡҲʮڣܹܵˡ
˵һ۶ңѵƵķʽĴˣ
ҡͷ˵ˣֻȱݡĸı䷽ʽƵЩӣͱɱûмˣȫûпܡ
ǰȸ̾Ϣһǰʿж٣
ŵʿʮʮ黯еĻûһеһ㣬еһЩûһʿ
ʮ˵УФǿģһѾɴ룬ֻҪܹ뺣ͼ˵ܹһɵ
Ƶʿܹʮ߸ԱݣһЩУǻЩʿǰ߸˵УԱʵǿһҲ˴롣ŸһֱƵе콾Ÿ˶һ˴ϣ׿˾ųɡŸҲǰ˲ͬ뿪Ƶ
˱ܹʮˡ
еİֵʦᰵб̲ڼе߸ˣѩʦᰵбƵǾŸˡʮˣҴӡʦӱ
ҲãȸͷţʦƵͽʦرҹδ룬ǷʣµʮˣҲҪ֤ҹδ밲Ȼ
ף
ҹδڿʼڻȻȥͲ̫͵ҲҪһټ֤ҹδڵĴڣҲǶҶͬһ
ÿ춼ǳа壬һα
ʵϣǳн󣬹αаҹδضһĵ;ֻǻ·УС
ŶԷһĹһԵøɭˡǽһøζˣʵָֻ˲١Ѿָܵ磬ָڣһǻָڡ
ҹδ뿪ʼμһЩᣬҲнͬд裬Ȼûʹƣ֣Ǻӣǻ£ֻƾнܣҲɨ۶ʿҹδ롣
ʱܿȥ£ҹδҲǹķ涼ͣˡ֪Լƿܹƿģӵڴˡ
ˡ
βǶҴɣһҾ޴ķۣʮ黯ʿһЩǵʿǰ
ҹδһο֮һĽ棬ͺˣҹδ붼ܹϿˡ
һԪʿԪʿϳߣζʲô
ζԪˡ
۴ҹδ˶ңڶҵĴСҹδ
ʦ⴬Ӧиưɣ


541 
һֿ˽ƣҹδ롣ҹδʦʦԪж٣
ɫһҲ㣬ʮˡ
ҹδϣһԪʿԪ࣬ǲߵġ
ʣλʦ棿
ĬĬضҹδ룬ҹδҲ̹ϵؿŶң죬ҵ֪ģͲҪʡ
ҹδҲĬһҧҧʵڵھųǵʱ򣬺һЩʿģ˵ԪҲᳬꡣ
Ȼһ̾ʵ˶ܹƲЩŵһϢȥʿ׽ڡ˵òҲ㡣еİֵʦҲֻʣ²ԪʦԪ̡
˵ɫֳһ˿ǣλʦܹͻƺϵԪݹʷǵǵʦӦҲֻǴﵽԪԲûͻƵϵ硣ҲʦΪʲôҪ뿪ţѰͻƵĻԵֻһȥءλʦʣԪûͻƵϣֻҪλʦһͻ¾źܴӰ졣
һԪʿ䣬ʿ׿ڵ˥䡣
ǡزɥͿˣ
ļˣ̾ϢһԪʿ䣬ΪСûһϢǻġ
ŻԪʿܶࣿ
֪ʲôһ𣿡
֪ҹδҡͷ
ܼ򵥣лԪʿžһš
Ҽǵֻа˴һŰɣԪʿҲడ
Ȼ࣬ǿǻԪҵֳĽ֮ɫȻʧ£ƽ̣̣ɽںͺڣţÿֻһԪʿԪʿ
⡭ǿҹδȻ
ȻǿͱˡǿԵŵġ߸а˸ԪʿˡҲĸԪʿǼɵڲûбڡǶڵȣ䡣
ǡǵĻԪʿ᣿
ҲᣬţȴҲнǧԪ
ǡԪµľʲô
Ԫ
мԪûͻƻԪģ
ֻһһǴϵ졣Ѿչذˣ֪ܷͻƻԪܹͻƻԪܹڵ΢ת
΢ת
ǰǴͻƻԪλʦ䣬ǾͲٵȥ˸Ԫ㹻Χɱϡ
ǡأĸϽͻƵԪȻͻƻԪʦʲôΪ

ôࣿҹδЦ죺治
ҵһڡ
˵ʲô
ûûɶʦ˵ھͽʦǣҲ䵥˰ɣЩŻ᲻ôΧɱʦ棿
ģҰڰֵΪʦʣ²ʮԪģһ·ǰȫġ
ҹδһ£Ȼˡ
ʮһԪʿ˵Ǿһգ۵ʱ䡣仰ԶˡƴġҲǵġһԪʿƴǰ˸ԪʿΧɱסһʹ򣬻߱סһԱǾ˫˫
˭
˵˸ʮԪҲ
ȸʮ꣬ýԼѵ
ֻҪһУûŵϾҪͻƻԪʿû˻ǵ⣬˷ҹδţڷǰҲǰȫġû˻һҪĻԪ
ҹδˣʱҲˡ뿪ҵĴ֮󣬸Ϯͷ
ꡣ
ôҲֻжǴͻƻԪûáһ䣬ڵĴ١
иʿͻƵԪôܣ
Ҫǿ
ֻҪԼǿһЩ¶ʱܹͻƵűʱҲӵı£ֻ
ֻҪӵõֻҪԼһ졣

һҪ뺣ͼһ
ҹδصװϣϥʼ
º
ۿʼ䣬ҹδʿվڼװϣ·
һƬ֮أ֮ͣ⡣֮⣬ʱͣۡŻ߼֡ԶǱҲһӪ죬Ǹפĵط
Χ״ҹδ
Ż߼壬ʿϢݷңҰݷ㡣ȴûһʿǰݷڡ
ڱˣ
˵ǸʿܹڵĺҲûˡ
˭ڽ
анģҲϺڱֳ


542 ɱ

ҹδ벻̾Ϣһܹ־£͵͵ز֣һЩźͼ壬нһЩ壬ǲװ
ǽύЩźͼ壬ǷǳοġһڱЩźͼ̷ˡнЩ壬ҶңҲá
ôûˣҶЩ٣ʲôã
ϹڻһԶȻһն
ӰһڼװϣĴˮ
࣬
˽Ķ棬ҡҡͷҲģЩءһұ֤ЩͽͽﶼЩŹǡ
˫â˸ΧЩʿһĿƿ
Ҷˣдһ£ЦǺǵ
һ˿Ȼ룡
˵Ӱʧڲſڡ
ҹδ˻˼װ壬ϥ΢΢ü˼
ȱ˵뽭뺣ͼߵ뺣ͼﶼһ⡣
ܹʮ졣
ǰľɱ¾ʱ̲ͣɱ¾
κһʿһ˿Ϣʱ䣬ܹ֮ˣŻᱻ͵뺣ͼȶʮȥᱻͳ
óԵҩˡ
ҹδڽļ죬ʱʱվڼװߣ
ιֵһС
ʱܿȥһգοʼɢȥŨΣȻڲһӵʱʧӰ٣һֺ޵Ұ֮С
ȥɣһ
ҹδʮʿ׷նȥĶ棬ݺᣬһʿҲȥ
ţһһ
ʿɱŽʿŽ
յҹδĿһɨߴǧʿ㶼黯ʿ̵ˣǴʱѾʶòҹδ롣
һʿ룬ҹδҲ˵Ŷӣ˴֮ûнÿʿ϶Žš
һɱ¾һɱ¾Ҳһ
һܹѶԷɱһЩöԷŶϴơ
ֵҹδ룬ҹδһ˴ţѸٵĿɨȥ
ƺڱΣʲôҲֻڽ³һ״ʯ壬ҹδһ̤ʯ壬ʯһĻҹδ档漴ʯ忪ʼͷȥǰֳһ״ʯ壬һʿ̤ʯ壬ʯ
ƺһˮĤȻǰľ䡣
ҲΧĻһƬƺȥһʿ̤ʯ壬ʯǰƶǧʯ壬ÿʯһʿ˴˿
ҹδ΢΢һ۾ӶҲƮһʯ壬ÿʯ϶վһʿ
ǰʿʯԽӣڶԽӵĹУĻָԵʿ״ʯԽӣһ״ʯ֮󣬸ʿ֮ǰһĻʧˣʿ̼ս
ҹδûǰ棬ǰʿѾµʯ廹ǰƮȻ㿴˴ӶƮһʯ壬վһʿ

ʯԽһ𣬽ʯ仯ںϳһʯ塣мǲĻʧһĻһռڡ

һռ䡣
ʱĻһ޴Ŀռ䡣ԭʿߣʱȴ
ಡ
ಡ
ҹδǸʿű˴˶Գ˹ȥûԥûܣֱӿս
ϣ
һԷ۳һкҹδУ𽣾Ϭƿ˿ռ䣬Ŷȥ
͡
ҹδζǸʿһ屻ֽʮ飬ըѿ
ҹδµʯٴζһʯԼƮ˹
ҹδʱ䣬ĿĹˡ
ܶսһţҲٽսġеʿɱ壬еʿɱ塣
ҹδ΢΢һüͷʿҪٶ
ʣ·硣
ΪʿһֱսΪ࣬롣ս⡣룬ȴûУֻвͣģܹҲûбɱľ淢

ҹδ³һȹ˺ԼɡԼΨһĿ꣬ھʱڻ
һȥ
ҹδѾɱʮʿҹδĺǿ󣬲ʿʿҲҲǸտʼŵĺҹδԹҹδһɱҲѧ˸ԡѾûĸԸҹδսˡʯѡ񣬺޹ء
ҹδʱ򣬶ѡ˷ζֵܹھ죬ǼֲҲϣַʽҹδ롣
ҹδǿҲסģܻʿɱҹδ룬ΪǱԣӵʿʼҹδɱˡ
һ콾ʿһɱȻ
ֳһ콾ʿ˼ӡ
ϡ


543 ħ
ҹδһֱʹ𽣾ƶûͷţûĸʿܹγв
ǳ
ܹ۶Ϊ壬壬㲻콾ҲǾӢǶԲҹδĶ֡
ЩӢԽսԽǸоǳǿ
ǳĻʵͰθߵʿ߳һΡ
ĵѨϣʶϣҪȱʿٴһ
ζʲô
ζκһʿܹ־áսУҪҲǳ־á
ľκһʿ󣬶ͣκһʿʹıκһʿǿ
ʵѾѹʿˡ
ֲõӦܹѹһʱ
ҹδϰнҲǶԲ硣ֵԵսҹδֻҪԼĹޣûǸʿԼĶ֡
ҹδᱻĹ
ҹδֲɵ
ȵԼĹޣĳɵʱͻʳҩ
졣
졣
졣

տʼʱ򣬻ĺȣ˵죬Ѿû˳ֻͷɱȻ˫׼˵ҩԲڵ;ľģȴ޷䡣һƣϮÿ˵ͷ
һֱͣɱ¾ɱӰ쵽ÿһʿľ
ʿʿ
ɱ¾һϮÿʿ顣
ʱľϵͱҪľĸߵ˵йأҲ˵йء
ҹδ̫ˣ
ܸ죬ǳΪռ䣬Ľܿ죬Ƕ̰ľΪʱ̫ˡҴûоɱ¾·޾ɱ¾Χɱ¾ĳ棬ֻӰ£ڲɱ¾ľУǲȶľʼ˱仯
ľϿʼȾһ˿īڣħħɱ¾ħħһռľƣҹδͻһֻ֪ɱ¾ħ߻ħջᱻʿΧɱ
ҹδо˲ʱõĽ취ֹͣɱ¾Ȼչأشĥľͬȥϵĳ
ǣͣһͣ£ͻᱻɱֻвͣɱͣɱ¾һ̱ͣɱһҲŻᣬ´ĥľǸɵӶѡ񡣵𲻰оħÿһɱ¾ڳɱҪƲסԼħˡ
ɱ
ҹδɱڶɱ⣬˫Ŀʼ죬Ҳˣеʿ·뵽ɱ¾̬֮У̨֮ϣ
䡭
ʱַɱ¾һȥ
ھ
еսûнʯȴֿսʿֿҹδ봭Ŵ˫ĿȫѪ죬ľ֮Ѿ벼ħǿ԰סɱ¾ĳ嶯ĿĹˣֻһЩʿȻֿˣȣſɱ
ħˣ
Щʿɱҹδеħĵеĳ̧һ룬ӿɱ⡣
ɱɱɱ
ҹδ밲סеɱ⣬ʱµʯ忪ʼϷȥȻִһˮĻǰľ䡣
ҹδԽԽеħԽԽء
ɱɱɱ
߻ħʿĺ
ţ
ռ𵴣˰ħҹδ룬ĿȥгʮƣÿץסһѾħʿȻ˻ȥ֪Щħʿץ
ҡ
нٸͣҹδЩħٽʿͷϣֻħ̾͸ץߡ
ҹδд󾪣
Ȼ֪ᱻץȥԲһý
ħ
ħ
ɱ
ʱһʿڵֿסħ֣ħˣſɱͷϵһֻץˡ
ҹδһҡΣľʧء
ն
ҹδ˽֮ʼýնħ
ϡ
ܼ𣬵ȴû˹עҹδһۡЩںħʿоȥܱˣ
ЩûħʿҹսУŵҩʱҲ˹ָΪҪһԲлᡣ
ʮȥ죬ֻʮ죬ϢָҪһʱ䣬ﻹʱȥܱ
ϡ
һ˿˿ħҹδ뽣նľҹδ벻ǲ뽫ħ׽飬ȴħһѽնɱóʧֻܹȴ
ô죿
ҹδԼħʱѾ״ľն˳ȴû뿪Լ壬ҹδܹ֪ħԼ⡣˵Լ磬ѽ⣬ҲԼ֮ܵ󣬲ܹ
ǽڣֻҪ㲻նɱͻľȾľʹһֱںħ
ͱ˵ûоȥһˣԺҪֶ֮УΪͣͲǰ


544 
ˡ
вٵħʿץˣҹδļ١
ħӡһط

ҹδһľǷһϸ˵ڶţűնħɶȥ֮䣬㽫ħɵһ˿ʣ
ˡ
ͷϵֻ˻ȥҹδ볤ͻһæ̽뵽ڶ㣬ѾħǷҹδģȴܹظ֪ħڷڶ޴棬ҹδҲЩ֪᲻Ӱ쵽Լ֮·
ϸ֪һ£ĿǰԼû˿Ӱ죬ħӡ˷֮С
ţ
ҹδо˲ͬоԼľδйͨ͸ľõʱ
ǡ
ħϮͶħǽԼľĥһԼľӵͨ͸

³һһϮͷ
ϵ
ĿĹˣʱѾûħʿˣħʿѾץˡʱʿȴֻвһǧ
뵱ʿʿǧңֻʣ˲һǧ
һɱ¾֮ð
ʱҹδһˣ˶ڱĿָҹδԴЩѣΣ֪ԼԭҪǾ̴ռڵһЩҺʶֻ˲䣬ҹδľͱһ˫Ҳԡ
ͷ·ȥ·һͼ
ǾһСС磬һжʻġ뺣ϵӾĿеĽ뺣ĳ̫ˡһ˲䣬ͳС
뺣ڡһ
ҹδʶѾȫ黯ʼںϡ
һ
еʿʼ뽭뺣ͼܹ˾ɱ뵽ʶ콾Ρֻ֮䣬һ㶼֮С
ֻĿ죬ǿԿ϶ǣʮʱڣÿһʿһ֮ǻȥչأһ
ȻһѳԸߵʿĸﳹһʣµһǧʿУܹһʿ϶١
һ졣
졣
졣
ںϣҹδΧʼϢʶڵѾҪںϡ
ˡ
·
ҹδںϣγһ
һ⣬蹬ɽϵķǵɽϣɽǷ䣬˵롣
Ҷ΢΢ҡһ˿˿˷ʼһ˿˿
ˡ
ڵʶڵľӿ蹬˲ںϣγʶ֮ӿ˵֮Сǵõ״̬ʼһ˿˿ʵ
ˡ
ڵ;ģģڵ;άֲһʱ
ʿѡһѡǵ;ĸɾͣȵ뿪ٱչһѡ񣬾Ƿʳܹ;ĵҩ
Ͼܹоٶʮ
ҹδûзʳҩȡ˴ʯѻԼΧԼûʯԼϵشռڵȡҺʶ
һȥʼʿҲһһ̷ҩÿʿ׼ķǳ֣ɻʿûһ
ˡ
ҹδоԼһ㱣æܣԼѾվ⡣
ˣ
ҹδЩźԼĵʮĸ£ȻѾɣֻʣĳɾ˾
ȥƵˡ
ҹδԼŵķ۷ȥ˿ͣĴ̫ˣҪʦıУʿӦÿԼʵҲԼ˺̵ܶʱһҲԼ˲١
ֻԵǰҹδȻأȫҲͱ¶Լ츳һ룬ԼڵҲʱ䣬ԼͿʼˡ
ⲻ콾ʲô
ЩǲڳԼôһ콾ġڱ˻ûлص֮ǰԼŵķŷȥ
ص˷֮ϣҹδ뷢ֵڵʮˣʣ˶ʮʮ
ʵ˵ʣµĲ٣Ͼڵ
δ룬ΣʵҲڴ˹
ɣסҹδ
ҺͽϲαǾ
ʮĵѾ콾ˣǾ콾Ǳ߿Ҫƴˡ
ߣ


545 
涼ˣ̿˷ۣͬһ⣬ڵķȥܿʧ˵Ұ֮С
ڽʧãڣŶӸԵӵĿе֪ҹδ뾹Ȼһ콾
һ粻
һҷ۷ķŵھŹصķȥҪȥҲŸԵطȥܿտҲڱ
䡭
ڷеķͻȻ˹ϵķ־ҵҡΣѾơ
վڼװϵĽȻ̧ͷ߳ӰȻ棬ǽȴβ֪߸˾ǵ£ƽ̣̣ڣɽںͺڵߴԪ
ɫ䣬ߴҪҲˣǾԲҹδɳ
ˡ
ٴ𵴣߸Ԫٴγ֣ʱȴͻȻһŷҹδϡ
ҹδ͸оԼһѣΣΧ״ˡ
ãŲƷ
߸ԪаãǷĹѾͷ˳ȥҹδѾ˹ڷ֮ǰʧˡ
䡭
۵ķˣ߸ԪʿȴһѿûǵĹǻܹ׽ŲƷĿռ䲨׷ҹδ롣߸Ԫʿĳ֣׽˿ռ䣬ﻹܹ׽ŲƷĹ켣
Ǹң
汬һȻâӷϳһ˹ȥǸɫ䣬ವؾͲˣռ仹ŵ
ӣҪԱ
ಡ
ļҲ˲ʧˡ
ڿУϵĹâʧâ˸ŲˣҪסһԱͬھ
вʮԪǹӲдܹһԪʿͬھ׬ˡЩԪʿϧ֮ˣܵÿ죬ҲýԱûдﵽٽ㣬ܹơֻʱǷŭŭȵ
ׯаҪΪŸҾϲ㣬Һͬھƺףء
һһ߸Ԫʿ֣Ӳڿӡ
СеӸӳ
Ӻ󣬷뿪ˡռ䵴߸Ӱˣ˴˶һۣеɫܲÿ
ӣԱ¶
治¶ʮϹÿľǱԱ
٣Ҫ˻š
ǻʮ˰
Ҳ꣬ھǹӲд
ˣǼҪ˼ƽϣ͵ɡ
Ǹҹδô죿
ռ䲨ȫңͲ֪͵Ķˡû˽棬ҲûбҪԳˡµӣڵھŹѰھŹغԶŲƻصĽ򣬱ضŲƵĵطҪص壬ֻҪͻᱻ֡ˡҵҪǽյҹδ˵Ϣһʲô飿ǺǺǡ
ŲƷûзģ˵ֱӰҹδŲƵһأŲƵһȺҪǳˡ
֮ϣХΪû˷֣ˮվڼװϣȻΪӦķۣǿߴԪι£ֻǻٻ˷װãû˵һˣҹδ뱻Ųˣ֪ôã
Щʿʱɫʮֲ԰ףߴԪκͺڴ˵зǿķۣǸʱǶΪԼҪˡ
ʦ壡ҵɫҲʮѿ
Ȱɣ̾Ϣһ͵ҹδˣŸø
ʦ塭
˵ģ̾ϢһǸŲƷûзģ֪ҹδ봫͵ʲôطȥ˵롣ûվϵ㡣ס㲻Ҫϵϵʱֵͷ㺦
ףϣδɡ
ͨ
ҹδӿռݺݵˤ˵ϡ
䡭
һըף·ڶߣҹδŵһͱǰľ𾪡
ʲôط
ǰܻ谵Ŀ⻹һӾͱеƲںںƲ㣬Ʋ׵ܶѹҹδʿоء
ǡڶɽ٣
ҹδ֪ʿ֮ܵǰǲöɽٵģǴͻܵʼҪɽˡĿѰȻͿ˾ǧ֮⣬һþ޴аɸߣǴʱȴһƬң֦˴룬ͨѾʼڣŻҡҷ
ҡɽ٣
δ룡ͻȻһϲһӰҹδǰ
磡ҹδ뿴ͻȻԼǰŵؾ
ôͬ


546 ٰ
˵ͬ
Ȼ˾Ц˵ɡ
䡭
һ׽ٽ£ǵɫڷɽз˵һ飬Ȼ˵
տʼʱұ
̧֣ҹδ㿴ϴһһ塣
次Ϊʧһ꣬ҵڣҵһղȥһֱܹٴͻƣﵽԪ硣һֱŴҵڽȡȥûгɹ
ֲɱңΪһˣɢƻǺҵĻǾ̫Ҳɢѡ񣬱ǿкǩԼܹҵ꣬ȴܹꡣ
ŶȻ͡
Ȼڻͻƣڶɽ١
ܵģҹδ뿴ǵ
ǰ̾ϢˣǩԼˣû¡ˣһ
һҹδҲȴЦЦʹ磬㣬ĵǡڻðɣ

㽫ǵǴ˵˳ҹδԭﰡ
˵˵ʹǡ
ҹδ㽫Լʹ˵˵һ飬ʱɫԽءҹδҲ˵ˣĿǸ
ʱǸɸߵﻹһģ
ûаɸˣֻʣһβʮ׸ߵĽ׮ҹδ벻ɵĵ
𣿡
ûУҡͷˣҲˡоǳáʣ׽ˣϣܹͦȥɡ
䡭
һ£Ǹ׮ʣҡ
䡭
һ£Ǹڵ׮ʣҡ
䡭
һ£Ǹڵ׮ʣ˰ҡ
ôҹδ뼱ôûп欣
û˵
磡
ҹδһ˹ģ
ôˣ

³һȥ˵
ǰ׸ߵ׮ȥҹδ󣬺ܿ˾Ǹ׮ǰǸڵ׮׮ˣȴڸһȭͷСľûнڣҡ
ҰУǸľ˳ƬҶӵѿ
ǸȭͷľУ뿪
Ѹ뿪Χ죬ƻʱ֣ϥһɽУ˵м䣬ڷǸѿľ
ԼһĶʼҹδ͵ǿʱǿԿҵǵʱ򣬾ͻܵɣ͵תұ͡
˵̾Ϣһ޳欵ûԭΡڵ˵ǿˣǶûˣҪͷΪľڣ־һ٣ٶȻȽϿ졣
ΪʲôŪͿˡڲ𣿿Ծ
Ҳ밡̾ϢϾֻΪԼתǩԼʱҾһƵģҲɱ
ҹδоð׹⡣
ҲУҡͷֵתԼƲֹһ
У
ǰ̾Ϣһֳ֮ɫǱɱ欣Ȼָܴ֡
⡭ɱɱãԺ󲻵һñ
ǰ
̾Ϣһֳϸ׾ı顣
ҪҴ
˽뵽֮Уҹδ뻷ܣȵһС磬ϵǸ
ҲһС磬һɡ欵ѺҵĵطҲ欻ܵԴδһ

ҹδ뻷ܣֳĽ֮ɫ
ܴ죬ŵأɽŸֽ
һطҶȥȻߣȥ欵ղء
磬Ͳ欵Ϊڽ㣿Լͻָˣ
ģֳЦݵԴģΪһֱ欸ߣڿѾĵѾһ֡
㡭Ϊôˣҹδ뾪ȵ
ֳ֮ɫ欵ûȱҵԴԴܺá
ҹδ뿴һⷿҾҽĹʵЧһǿ԰ʿȻÿҵЧޣǶȻͻܹ֮һˣΪԡһЩ


547 Ƶ
ҹδҡҡͷа취ɾҪЩңԼŰɡߵȵ磬ĸҪʱ򣬸ǡ
ͷҲãһˣڱԭΣܳʱڲˡЩҹһ£ɾ֮ҲʣһٿҡɣˣÿʮšһһЧԪ
ţ
ҹδ۾һҲа˰ԪһͻƵܵһǧԪ˭ҲԼþð
ֻÿֻܹţٶʧȥЧˡ
ǡܹӶ٣
һʮ꣬ڶʮ꣬žֻܹʮ꣬Ҳ˵ţӾʮԪ
Ҳడ
ҹδʱͲ̫¶ˣŰ˰Ԫڲʮ꣬ʮͰ˰ȴν
ο
ҹδԼܹͻܵǸʱԼһǧ˰ԪʮԪǼߡ
ţ
棬ҶðڽҪˣһԪҲð
ҡ
Ԫʿ״֪ˣ˭Ҳ֤ԼܹһֱͻȥҹδҲұ֤Լ˻Ԫ֮󣬾һֱܹͻȥ˻Ԫ˽Ǹ䣬ҲҪԪԣҹδʹʮңȻظҹδһЩԴҹδҲûп
˴ڳصɽҹδʵ磬Ժ׼Ķ
ǼһŰɡڣȥƽ̣ĵȥ˴£ǹȥ˽ڣȥڡҾȥɡأ
ȻǱ˵ɣҵȽϸӡûк˵Ƶ飬ǸԼҶͬݡ
ҵȱҶͬӣЩѲң˵ߡ
һº
ͱҶͬҹδ̤˵ھųǡҹδע⵽ŲǿʿڳſڣƾڵȺԼ
ȫؽ뵽ھųǣ´ǵھųǰǻֺ밡
Ȼҹδذڰֵͬøȥһ˾ˡһڵھųǶһʱ䣬ȻȥҵΪ磬⡣
ã
ʱҹδҲ磬ʮֵĽ棬ôŲƷԼߣ᲻Ѿɱˣ
ҹδûڵھųǶֱ뿪˵ھųǡ
֮
ҹδһصɽȣ˴Ѷ̡
Ļϳ˶ҵӰʱ򣬶ɫδ룬û£
û£أʦأ
û£
ǾͺãڵھŹҶͬߡʦȥƵء
ĻеĶҾüͷߴŶżӵĺϡ㲻ܻҶͬҲС룬ȥȻ˴ȥһƬʪأȥ֮ÿջƻҡҴӴȥƵȻƵɵʱҴȥƵ
ã
˽ͨѶҹδ˴Ѷ̣ʼ
գһķȥ
һ߾һʱ䣬ҹδѾʮ꣬ľʮֻʣ⼸ɣٶȣҲҪʮʱɾǷһαȴӽβ
˴һ·ȻкûҲϵʿնɱ޾յص
ƻʱ֣ҹδȥʪأ֪ԶҵΪֻҪԼʪأһܹԼһطȴ
ɫغʪΧ˿ʼ٣ֻʣҹδһˡ
һԼҹδת˹ȥ
ʶ
Ǹ˾ֱԼ֪һ¶ԷϢ֪ҹδȻɾ裬ȴڴΪܿǶңֻıòϢ
Ȼҹδ뾯ɫǸߵҹδǰҹδй¶һ˿ϢҹδϾ¶Цݣ
ʦ
ߣ
ұ÷ҹδ룬Ŵ󺣷ȥ˲䣬ʧӰ
Ƶ
ҹδٴεид·;Ѿ֪ԼŲƷ֮飬ڲûˣ֮࣬Ҳ֪ЩԪоΪԼġԺԼҪСˡ
ҵ˼ҹδɴթԺ߾Ƶ߾Ҷͬݳ֡ҹδʹƵҹδû̴Ӧ˵Ҫ˼һ¡ʱƵϣҹδѾԭеò
δ룬Ϣһ°ɣȥء
ã
ҹδӦһסԭĶ
ţҲúҵĽ飬ѾߴŹעƵȫģҶͬݣҲա
һῼǵġҹδ
ӻڳҲ
ţ


548 
˷ֿҹδһ·ŵػȥոߵػɽ£һȵ
ҹʦ㣡
ҹδ̧ͷȥһϲɫشӶҹʦ㣬⼸ȥһȥ㶴ݷù㲻ڶ
ǹԼʦ㣬ʦãҹδǷЦݣ⻪Ҳ˲٣
ȥˣʦǣ
۾һ׾ƵȻû뿪ƵһȴͬϢ
ܶûаʱɾͻƵʿ㱻Ƶߣ˵ȥʵǱƵ̭˵ҹδǱ̭ˡ
ͻƵ컨ˣȻȥ컨ˡ
ҹδͷܹ⼸ʱͻƵ컨⻪ǵԿνϼѣ
Ǿ͹ػʦˣҸմЩۣҲȥ컨ɣǱߵǰȺ򡣡
䣬ҹδ빰Ϊ񣬱ͻǲƲƲ죬Ǳҵͻƴ̼ˡ
Ǻǡ
պ
ҹδڶҵͬ£Żȥ
һУһ޴ĳӣʱʿϥڻ
ҹδ룬ƵеʿһҲֻһ˿뻯صĻᡣԲͬʿصЧԼʿʡʮҵʱ䡣ʺõģʮ꣬ҲᳬʮꡣʲģҲʮꡣ
ڵʿڱĿûΪҹδĵſۡҹδҲȻ뵽Уϥǳʼ
ҽҹδ͵˻֮󣬱Ƶȥ
ϣһݣʱںϵ㣬һеӡ͸ƵһƵһҲǾ
ϾֻвʮԪͻﵹһʺ˾סĵط
ߵ˽ԣһ£ü䷺ǳ
Ŀ⵭ȻźûϢ
ǰ̾Ϣһⶼʱˡǰܹ·ʿһ·ǰȫˡ֮ǰڸ߸ʿĸҲȥˣһ벢ûʲô仯Ӧû˻ɡǣ׿ǾŸˣȴ˰˸ֻʣ׿һˡ
ԭ׿ڳɽܼҴһʱ䣬ȻһӻƵѩʦҲڳɽܱ£ŷƵһһὫӻء˭Ҳû뵽ɽܼһҹšټļ屻֮һ棬֪׿
ˣ̾Ϣһ׿׾Ƶ׿ţӦϢ
ʦ壬˵᲻ϳ׿ݣ
ᣡҡͷ׿֮ǰδ뿪Ƶܼ콾Ӷݳ֡׿ҹδһӶҲҶͬһ㣬ֻҪ©ţ㲻˻ɡ
¶ŰƵϵľɱȲҹδ롣ڵĵǣûץ᲻ᱩ¶Ƶ
ᣡҡͷ׿Ҳ֪Ƶλã뿪Ƶʱ򣬶ӡʶͶˣҲ˵ƵôҵƵɲס
˵̾ϢһΪͷӣͻȻõϢ޾ɽٹ֣㰲ֵͳѩʦҲҴҸ޾ɽѩʦڳɽ룬Ҳ顣
ٹֻһ壬ߴڵ塣
ͨϢλʦ˳ȥȻûɱλʦ˼ȴһĸϼһ״̬һǷˣֻҪٵһٰʮ꣬ĸϼһˡҲӦڶˡ

ɫأˣߴھͻڶ֣ȻڴҲڽһǸʱھˡ
üɫʮء
ϣֵѩͽ档
ԪֵİԪѩҲʮ꣬Ҳжʮֻ꣬нҲаʮꡣ
ֻϣ⼸ǧΪ˽ƵΪڣĴȥչԴأնɱһĴѰԴĹУˡԪҲ
ֵҲֻʣһٰʮԪѩʣһʮֻ꣬һʮֻ꣬ʣʮꡣ
ѰԴȻжҲʱ⣬¶ټϢȥ˵ϻꡣ
ߴʼҪõϵԪϢνԪߴڵĻԪʿ޾ɽٹϢϵĽһ̽ߴڲû޾ɽΧɱԪ
̫Σˣ


549 ɾ
˵ͻᱻֵͳѩƴ˭ҲðǸաһһԪû˻ԪʿǾͲһˡ
ԣ޾ɽ飬ֻϵһ̽δ벻Ԫòȥ
һأ
ȴߴڿԪȻڻһûб̽飬ҲҪˡ
̾Ϣһʦ壬ƵŸ۶˰˸ǲƵʽԣ
δ˵ģǶеĻ䣿
ĬȻҲ
ʱصһǰ
ɽܼҡ
ɽܼҲһ壬ҲֻһܵΪȴһ޵콾ӣӶλ߻˵ѾһҲʮܼҽٳһܵ
ԣӶܼܼ֮ҴϯܼҵڳɽҲһʱ
ǡ
һҹһˣһɱܼˡɱ¾ʱһ˷ɿߣǸڿʼɱ¾ܼ֮ǰصע
ΪǸӶܼҵš˻ߣӶС
ΪʿֻͷһʶӶϣ㲻ȥܣɱܼˣӶܵķ׷ȥһʶӶܲˡ
ǡ
Ȥ
׷ӶʱȴǸ˲ӶǻһסԼʶϣܲӶ
ٱһָƷֻҪȥʶ۲죬ǿġǸʿӶĵһо⸱ӦӶס
֮ǰأ
ʿƽǳɽҵĵճӡȴܼҸˣֻƽ˳ȥ
ܹߣܹɳʿɼƽǻԵ˵ãǷĻҲĿ¡򲻿ܶһ˻ڣһԴ硣
ĳɳһСĻɣܿܶһԵ
ԣûɱӶǰӶץ
ָˣĵѧ˲٣ǱӶĿеõࡣ
Ƶ׿
ȻƽͺܸɴȥڣҪ˴ԴЩԴԱ֤硣Ҳṵֻ̂Ҫͻһ󾳽ԴȻ㽫׿ڡ
ߴڵĻԪʿڻۣ׿ȻûгƵΨһһΣǱӡʶƵͨƵ仯ʶĻԪʿ̾ȷ
̫ˡ
ߴڻԪʿԳһһѲ飬ҲڻԪʿ˵ʱһ֡
Ƶ
ء
ʮʱ䣬ҹδʣĵΪᾧĲ֣ȫ
ϵ˶ңٴҹδĶ֮С
ôεҹδ롣
ɾˡҹδЦˣһɣڿܵϣ
ܵ
͵
ӴɷĲΡ
һܵɹǧԪνͬڴҪ֪ܿ൱
ҹδһǧԪʮꡣ
ǡҾϲûиܵ
һЩ
ģ
ҷֻһʣһʿҪͻܵףųɵĵʿܵһء
͵ûôףʣµһʿеǿ죬ĲһܵȴҲҪǧꡣƽҪͻܵҲҪҵʱ䡣ָЩ϶ܹܵʿ
ȴû뵽ҹδ뾹Ȼ˵һЩ
ҵɫҹδ֪룬ʦһһ𡣡
԰һĴȣȻһ㶵Ƿ𣬶ܵҲû̫İɣ
ҵķЩͬҹδһ¡ڶѾйУǶΪǽΪиڡҶڶңʮΣͷų
㿴
һڶҵǰ̾͸оһԭʼĹŵϢʿоһ˿ѹ֡

һȻվΧŷ濴ǷʿһӵǿٷҲͲٷʿܣڷһЩоġ
ǰȴһУδġ
̫ԭʼˣ
ŴԴϢֲáַܹ𾳽磬Ȼߡδ룬ƻҪܹͻܵ
ǺʮӦòɣ಻ᳬʮꡣ


550 뿪
ҹδ벻Ϲ˵һǳֹԭͿ졣оǣͻƴʱ򣬱ضżǿǸʱԼӦܹܵ
ãܺã̫ˣҼʮ꣬ǸʱҲʮꡣźܴϣͻƻԪ
˵ɫȻȥϣֵܹͻƻԪ
ʦҹδ˷ڲġ
ԣһᣬһԻ͡δ룬Ƶɣδϣ
ҹδʦŲֻеʮǰڰɣԺ˵˵
㣬ˣ
ʲô㣿̾ϢһŶ㶼ʮΣ˵ʵڵҪԣѾƵеκһӡƵĵҪ뿪ƵҪӡʶǶȴûС
ҹδдȻ֪ڶĸı䣬ϵرǿҲܲϣڶȷʵ
Ƶܹȥ˾Ÿˣ˰˸ʣµһ׿
ҵĽҹδĿ⸴ӵŶңʦӦƵ𣿡
ҳĬƬ̣ƵӦûӰΪʵǲƵİοòϣҲ
һ뿪ɣҲһĥ¡
ãŻѡ񡣡˵
ҹδֳĬһʦߣţݼһ档
ߣҴȥ
ںߵ㣬ֻƽһϣһ˫۾дǡ

һ̾ںϿƮ
ڵΣʮֵֻʣһٰʮԪֻʣ²ʮԪ
ܹٳֻԪʿ
ڳĸнľĻԪ֮⣬ֻԪʮһܵ
Щ˵УƵʮܵһ
ϾܹܵΣƵʿҪռԵƣҲ΢ռƣǵ˻ȴ˾ԵƣڵԪǧһҲûС
˵ʲô
˵Ƶʽ⣬ԽԽѳɼ
һָоıƵʽ˵ԪˣһԪ֡
սǣ֮ͬУȥŸ˰˸
׿
Ѵܼյøɸɾ֪׿ûܼҡ׿û
᲻ᱩ¶Ƶ
һŲ涼ûͷֱ
ݼʦ档
濴һҹδ룬ֳһ˿֮ɫҲҹδΪδϣ
ɡ
ҴӴָȡӣҹδ¡濪ڵ
ʲôƻ
һҶͬߡ
ҲãͷƵϵЩӲͬ
˵ԳһЦƵʿǼģҰġδ룬ҶڴƵЩˡǰƣٳΪƣҪʲôԴŶᾡṩƵҲʱ
лʦ档
ڰ֣ź档
ҹδȡĸУ˽ǰĿ˹Ȼ̧ͷҹδ롣
ʦ棬Ŀҡ
ʲô
ȻֱӣȻ˵һԵĶɫҲģĿңܹϣʮԪȻʮԪͻƣǶһ꣬ͶһɳĻᣬҲͻͻƵԪأ
һУһҳǰǹž⣬ֳ˲
Ȼҡ
УƽϢһľδ룬лл
ҹδЦʦһЩ꣬ҲǱǳɳ
Цδ룬ʲôʱҶң
ھߡҲȻҶңһȥսĹרУǷ֮ߵöУڵķһͿ칹ϣҸоһнͻƣͻܵ
ҲãʦֶδȥرѡһЩԴֻҪϣ͸Ȼ뿪Ƶҽͻš
ã
֮ҹδͶȻ뿪Ƶȥ

ҹδһϥڶ֮Уʼɹһһ
ʱĶƵķȥǳá
λʦ嶼ʮԪҹδƺҲҵԼĵ·

ҹδһֱԼᶨĵ·뿴ɳ
ţ
ҵɫ䣬оƵķ˾ҵĲ


551 ɱ
ã
Ƶˡ
ȻӿٶȣƵķȥ
պ
ͣɫ䱯ˣŻ̿֡
ΪƵǱߵĲʧˣȻͷһȥ
Ƶ
һƬǽ壬ʬ壬ۼƵʱֹͬĳ
һЩߴŵʿڴɨսѰʿûƵʿв
ԭӦûֵȴûУżѹ֡
̤ƵλԪʿɫҲΪѿǼΪѿɫУʲôֻԼ֪
ƵٲأҲ㲻Ԫʿ졣ߴڴ׿Ŀе֪Ƶôһƻƻ˼ǧʱĻˡ
ԲֻԻͣ
ΪڵֻԻͣض̤ߴڵʬ塣
ԣߴڸԳһԪʿֳ˴ĵԪܵʿͻϮƵ
һƵոԪƵĽˡ£ƽ̣̣ɽںͺڵԪرôһ£ڻԪ洦˲ľ棬ýץ˻ᣬڻԪʿԱ
Ԫʿˡ
ʣµԪʿɫȻʹˣȴʮϲá
ĸԪʿ֮⣬ֻţԪʿǿһڱҲһֻһԪʿˡ
ڲΪǣȻĸԪʿнľԪֻ꣬ҪǵȣܹĸԪʿ
ڲͬ
ڵԪʿһӵһǧԪǿҲǧԪΪڵĴڣߴγɺľ档ڣӵԪʿڣһҶ
Ȼ⡣
ˣ
һԪʿֻʣԪʿ׶ԸˡǸ˵ǣڵһԪʿһõһҶ
ľҪ̫ࡣ
ڵԣɱ˽棬ǻƵڵϣҲֻš

Ȼ̹һΣҲ⡣
ڣֻҪڣҲᷭɻҲš
뵽Ƕ̲סҪЦˣ

ҹδۣĵһʼط˱仯ͻƵһɲǣҹδ֮С
һ졣
졣
졣

ҹδȻ֪緢飬֪ѾһƬȷѪꡣ
Ϸˣ
ɽĸоϷˡ
ԭΪϻţȴû뵽ụ̂ˡ
ΪϿϣˡ
̣֮Ϊлϣһ˿ϣʱ򣬵ܹж̣ھܹж
ƵϵǧѪڼеΨһϣôݻˡϻ滹ˡ
Ҳûжɻˡ
ǣڿ˻ڴڵʿڡȴ뿪ڣʼߴڽ˷ıɱ¾һߴڵɽš
ߴȫû׼ڻںڳƤءϾһԪûʲôʧ
ԣϵı׼ߴʧءÿһŵʧСһƵ
ߴ˲ͷ˳Ƥ߸ԪʿʼӦսϡϸͲǾԶݣȻߴŸÿڽзɱ¾κһÿҲܲסԪʿɱ¾
ҰֵŻˡ
ԵݻߴÿڣУͬߴԪȥǣǾͻߴԪƱرԱ
ˣ
Ƿˣ
ߴԪˣ
ʱǾܹɵóκ顣
ݻҲʹݻˣ¿ʼҪԱǻᱧ˭
˭˭°
ߴһ׷ϣһϷ̸е󡣵ϸѾɱˡ

ҹδͻƣʱɱ۾ŰԼ
ǳӾˣнȻԽСɣʼɱƽͬʱܵһЩ򣬷·ҿܵɴһǡ
ҹδ벻ƾõԪϸԵõʮԪָɳʱ䡣뵽һ㡣
һøɭȫһĻһͻĿܣһӣΪҲõʮʺҹδȴû


552 
ϸ۲˷һ㣬΢ĵá
ڵһ㹹ǧڿУͷĹâЩƷõЩԵķһͷţһЩԵʿͻżɱ
ҹδǣЩһ󣬽ͷųȥضܾˡ
ǧһɣÿһʮ˽⣬Ŀ˼ȻʼЩڿеķıڿеλá
һ߸ı䣬һ˼ʱ򻹷һ¡
ȥһռøɭеķһ޴ķ

ҹδԵеκһγɵĹҲԵγɹ
ֻǵ˲ȴҪʮϢʱ䡣
ҹδ˵Ĳռ䣬׼Ĳռǧһ
ֹȥգҹδ뽫Ĳķ˾ųء
ͣ⵺죬ɱ˵Ϣûдҹδ뻹죬һľ˵죬̤Ͽ½Ĵ
ܴ󣬳˴ϵĹԱܹװһǧˡЩˣοͣǰ׺ʿ
ҹδҪһ䣬ÿյ֮⣬ҲʱȥװϹۿ羰ڵΪѾĽ׶Σûʲôôġ
رϣҹδ뾭վڼװϣǿա
һĴϣգԵԼСҲӵ뵽ǿ֮С
վڼװϣ޾ǿգתǳأҹδǿһ˿˿Ӧ
ǳת£ҹδоԼƺһС棬ںǿյĴӦ
˿˿ǹı˹켣ҹδ£ҹδʧˣһƬǹ֡
ͬһơ
װֵҹʿηһƣܹ֪һ̲ȵܡ
¥߳һˣվڻϣ˼װϵҹδ롣
ҴĴܵ۷ʿ΢΢˫ۣȻ͸һƬǹ⡣΢΢˼һ£ҹδ롣Ϊÿҹҹδ붼ڼװϹǳÿ춼ܹǸλϿ
ӦǸŮӰɣ
ǸŮӵϢƺʮ꣬ȴû뵽ΪѾٽܵ
ĸŵľ콾
Ӧǰ˴еʿɣ

ڣѾܵ콾ˡ
˱Ӧߴŵľ콾
ˣһ˵ǰȫˣ
ɼװϵǸŮֻܹһеʿܹľ콾ΪԼһףǵ̵͵ǿҲԼܹܵȵġ
ʱ֣ҹδ뽥ջǹɢȥϥ콥⣬ҹδɡ
棬ҹδ
ʱװкܶˣʱǰҹδҲǻ죬໥ţŲȥ
ξ˼վڲſڣȵҹδߵǰֵѣɷһ𣿡
ҹδ뺬Ц
ξ˼ϲãҹδĴգ׼˾ƲˣԶξ˼Ʊ
Ϸξ˼γƺ
ҶͬҹδҲ˾Ʊ
һξ˼ΪҶѰʲôزҪ˵ҳϵϡزǴһЩ
ѾѰˡҹδЦεѾӪˣ
ξ˼̾ϢһһʮˡʮǰҸеԼ޷ͻ֮󣬱㿪ʼӪҲΪ˺󱳽һ
໥̽ףĵõʮͶҹδҲûԼҶͬҲ˵ҡúξ˼Ϊȣ
һΪߴڵ콾ȴû뵽һӵܡ㻹ûмţ
ûУ
ҶѣҪˡҪߵøԶĺѡ̣УԴȵȶš츳ߴھû⡭
˵ξ˼ͻȻһ£ǵȵȰɡ
ҹδ벻ɵΪʲô
һ֮ǰһϢҲ֪Ǽ٣˵ߴɱڵĽ棬ʣµϷˣɱ¾ߴڵʿ
ʲôҹδֱһӶϡ
Ҳ֪ξ˼̾ģλȥӦѾˡԣʱ治Ǽߴڵʱ򡣷Ҳûнܵȵȡ
ҹδʱѾ侲˼䣬ξ˼Ҳ˵ʲô𺽵ʱҲֻϢǣԺξ˼Ҳ


553 Ǳ
պ
ͷҹδ´֮󣬱ǡתһȦھ¥Ͳ跻һ㽫òˡ
ƵˣߴԪ٣ɱƵϵʿ档ǽҲŪڵһԪ
ȻϷˣԪз쭣Ѫɺӡ˵еʿȥߴڽķУеȵΪ֪ʲôʱɱ˹ȥķˣʲôԪʿķˣֻҪߴڵֻһڣҲᱻ
Ӵ˰
ҹδԼĿջڣɸ̾
û뵽Ƶôˣ
ʦҲˣ
Ԫ
ոʮԪˣ
Ҳһʱ䣬Ƶʱ򣬶ʦӦûûзƵʦܹţҡ
ֻǡ
ķ
Բᣡ
ôɱ¾Ŀʲô
ҹδ˰죬ҲûףֻϹⲻҹδܹĦġ
ǽԼô죿
ǿ϶ܻˣʱڶɽˣҲزȥ
ȥս
϶Уڶҳӣ˼ҹδս
ǾͻҶҰɡ
ºҹδصҶҡҶ̸һҶҲ²ϵĿġµ;Уҹδ뿴˺ܶԷ棬Ƕϸݻٵġߴʧءߴ֮ţͷڹ꣬ʱǲߴڣҲϰ
ߴҲ֪ԸԪֻܹǻԪҲûټţֻߴԪڷ׷ϡϵϺ̸̸
϶ɱ˰ˣߴɱˡ
ҹδҶסֱסҶͬչصĶڡ
ÿճ򣬱ǹڶ㡣
ԭھŽڶڵħ𣬵ȴħƺ͵ڶѾΪһ壬Ȼ޷
ҹδ˼죬Թڶ㣬ܲзγα֮󣬰ħ
ȴ֣ƺûʲôЧҹδҲûзϾڻûй꣬ҲڶΪαŻЧ
ÿúƽڣҲʣ²ٵʱ䡣
ҹδʱ䣬ʼָҶʿϾڰʵǿһЩҲΪһ֡
ϵԴǲ٣뿪Ƶʱ򣬽ѾƵţƵϵĲرڣ˲ٵҩĵر
ЩҩĵرȻʺҶҾʿΪЩҩŵرҹδ׼ԼõģҲ˵ܵϵġ˵ܹãҲҶһˡ
ҹδϻŲٵĵͽ׵ҩģЩҩƵģҹδ˴ָУԼûãȴҲûôۡ
Ҷҹδûʲô취Ҷڴͻܵżǰҹδһ
ʱҪ򣬶ʲôԴҶЩҲչˣ̶ܵͻơ
ǶҶ㣬ҹδ뻹ܹһЩæģһƿܵĵҩϣܹͻƵܵ۷塣ܲͻǾͲҹδܹˡ
ˣҲҶ㼤֡һƿҩǽʡĿޣźܴĿԼͻƵܵ۷塣
ԣҲչȥˡ
һнϡ
Ͽɲ֪Ҷͬҹδ룬Աҹδ飬ָܲһ¼еĵӡҹδҲͬˣÿ綼ԼĶǰָЩҶҵӡ
Ҷͬ׵Ҷÿ춼ԼĸķʳԼСùҶҲȷʵҶ̳ҹδ໨һ˼ͬʱǸЩʣҲĵҩ
һһµʱ䣬ҶͬҶܻӭˣҲԸ׽ˡ
ҹδÿ춼ǣоԼܵԽԽ
ܵ
͵
ܵڵ֮ӡһϡ
ҹδĵһ㣬ȴûһϣҪıǲϵԼ򣬵ǸΣϣ̤ܵ
Ҳʱ̹עϺߴڵ飬һϢ͵
Ȼ⣬Լһ壬עֲε
ǾռЩϢ
һΰȥ
ҶڱչأҶҲûгأϺߴ̸ˡ˵̸еĵطɽǰ
ҹδʱľҲЩסˣȥˡÿնڵȴϢĴǴҶҵӣЩġ
Ҳ̾Լľ
ҲΪˣȻԼΪʲôһֱԼٽܵȴһֱṳ̂ܵ
ľ


554 
ľһֺĶǵҹδΪȴ֪ľǳҪľ㲻
ǣҹδϵظ֪ϣÿձϢĽֳٸ֪
Ҳָԭе򣬻ָһҶҵӡ
տʼʱлǣңʱϵϢľŶҡ
ǽģҹδƽʱƣҹδ·춼ڲԼľһ㣬ľԽԽͨ͸޹
ľ޹ÿչǵõջ󣬶ǳ
أоԼƺѾǳĿܣԼһ
һա
ҹδָҶһЩӣȴȻͣվҹδǰҶСùãϱֳ֮ɫ
ԼСùõ˫Уǹ˲һϢֿǳۣһ˫ʱ䣬·޾ǿա
ˡ
ҹδΧҶ˿ȥһ˫Ҳպϡ
һպϣҶŴʧ˹ſһѪĺˡ
һӰȴǳصҶ㣬ʱһϢΪ磬Ѿﵽܵ۷壬һְֻҶĺ󱳣֮£Ҷˬ
峤Сù
Ҷип֪ҹδ䣬Ҳֻʮꡣ
ʮܵ
ֻҪǿ϶ģ˵ջܹͻƻԪڡ
СùͻܵǲҪţ
СùͻܵˣҶҶʿ϶ֳ˾ϲ֮ɫ
ҶҪˣ
ҶתҹδԱߵĶҶչصĵطҹδͻƴصޱȵܼҲҶҲܹõͻܵ
ֻͻܵʱ䲻̫ãǵԼͻܵʱҲʱ䣬֪ʱ䣬ܷ򣬵õͻܵ
ܹͻܵҶ
ǡڱˣҶҲܹȥ
ҹδϥڶǰһĵԽԽŨùɫʣڱҹδ룬ǵԽԽࡣΧչ
ˣ
ҶȻֵϿɲǵͽʿܹմȾġ
е˵ɽ£ϼչǱˡеӣڵϱԵǵϱǹɫʡ

ڣ峤ϼæǰ
ټ峤ɽʱ״̬
ǣ
ҶҵɽȥҶɽļ졣
ҶҴŽգҲУǸҶȴ˺ܶࡣҶңҲСţʵҲûжҶ˽ˡ·ҶҶݷ
ҶұϾɽһ壬ļ֮ǰľһȥݷҶңȴ֪Ҷʱ͡
Ҷϥھҹδ벻ԶһΪҹδ뻤һ棬Ҳ֮дĥԼľ硣
ոͻƵܵ۷壬ʵϾܲȡԭżչأĥȴû뵽ҹδͻơ
û뵽ǣҹδͻƣĵϾȻŨţԼͻܵʱƣ
ҹδĵϱͻƵʱǿٱ
ˣҲһԵһĥԼĻԵֵ´ĥԼһԼһꡣ
һ졣
졣
ҶϲҲź
Ũ´ĥЧǷܹмͺˡ
ź
Ҷҹδ룬׼ӭҹδͻơ
һʱ
ʱ
ʱ
ţ
ôûͻƣ
Ҷ죬ôôʱ䣿
Ǿ͡ĥɡһߴĥһߵȰɡ
һȡһꡭ
ҹδ뻹ͻơ
ʱҹδȫ֮Уǳļʣ죬ʱŷǳ󣬶ʯ壬µ
ϸڵĵʼһϡ
ֻǵϵʮֻΪٶǵϵĵϼ临£ԭʼԪζ
ҹδȻ뵽ڶ㣬ʼзơ
ΧɽţҶҰ˳ɵʿϯضһʱ䣬ͣ˻ͻƣҶҵʬһ㡣
ҶԪԲ磬ʼϸ
ǰȥ
ˡ
ҹδ߻ûͻƣԱ߶ȴĶԭӵĵϣһ¾ۼĸˣҶһϲ
ͻܵˣ
վһҹδ룬һҶĶǿŴЦĳ嶯
ҶҪڷˣ
һ졣
졣
졣
Ҷ㲻и̾ҶǱߵϵŨҪҹδ߲̫࣬˰ٱֹ
ֲⶼһˣҹδ뻹ûͻϡ


555 ܵ
ҶǱߵĵϿʼɢȥŴ򿪣Ҷܵ˳Ȼסˡ
Լͻˣôôĵϣ
ܣ
ѰȥҶһ˷ܵ˹
磬ܵˡ
֪֪ͻƻҪлͬ
ͬҶתͷȥҹδϥڶǰǡҲͻܵˣ
Ҷֳ֮ɫڶЩԻˡ
ôˣ
Ѿͻһˣ
һࣿҶһôܣҲ졭
ƺʲôҺһǰͻȻͶˡΪͬĵϣ
ԣ
ǡͬǲǷʲô鰡
֪Ҷ̾ϢһоǹС
ţ
ͬʱ̧ͷɫ
ҪɽˣҶȻӦ˹
Ҷ㽫ҹδҶҵķеҩҶ
ߣΪ㻤
ǡͬ
û£ǶɽٵĵطҲԶҶҵʵҲû˸ҴҶء
ã
˿նȥ
ҹδϸڵĵϣһһķµӡԭʼζһػζͬʱҹδľڷڶ㹹зƣǳԶǳеȻȻؼļڶзٶһ
ˡ
ҹδڹ˷ڶ㣬𶯣αγɡҹδľٵȴֱȥ˷ĵ㡣
֮
ҶҶҶɢܵǿϢڴͬʱɽҲ֪ҶΪʲôˣԭҶͻܵˡ
ˣɽûĸϵҶˡ
Ҷɽٵʱ򣬸峤׷׸ϵҶ㹧أȻǷҶ㾹Ȼܵ۷ˡ
ҶͻƵһԾΪһˡ
Ҫ֪ʵΪкԴԭһֱš
ֻҪĸһǾһˡ˵һҲһš
ǸһǾǳˡڵԪδйʿͻƵԪֵԪҲǶţֻгֻԪţһšɽ磬Ҳǰ˸ӵеԪ
ԣ׷״ƷҶأȴ֪ҶʱأΪҶͬͻܵ
һ£ľԺɽҶһҶˡ
һܵ
̫ˣ
ܶ嶼͵͵Ҷͬͻܵʧܡǲܹһ
ҶҶҲܹ뵽Щǹ˲ϣվҹδǰоǡ
ƻʱ֡
ҹδΧĵϿʼɢȥҶҶһ
ǡҪͻˣ
ҹδѹЩΣĵոտʼ˳״̬Լϸ֮ϵĵƼΪ£ϸϸһ£ԼһĹ̷
ԼȻͻһ밡
ôôã
ϸ룬ΪԼĹԼϵ
ԼʣԼĹԼ֮ͷ˫Լﵽһ˼ؾ磬ΪԼʼѣܹϵӡһˣͱˡ
һвԼͻƵʱ䣬Ȼǰδеһʱ䡣
һжֵá
ϵԼ쳣ǿ󣬸ǻԼߵøԶǵøߡ
ҵȻγɣԺͻܵڶʱ򣬾Ͳôˣٺķһʱ䣬졣
вɣÿͻһأҪչһ룬ǲʱ⣬һ鷳¡ΣԼͻȻͶͻơҶңҰأ
һʱ䣬ԼҰ޸˰ɣ
ͬˣϵԼԺÿӡƣͻƵʱ򣬹Ҳյʱ䡣ǶҰ⣬ΣҲΪ͡
ɣ뵽ڶ㣬αѾɣȴý˼ҹδһ˿궯궯ԴαռƮħ͵޴ڵħ
޷ħħռڡ

ҹδ֪һ£ǿռĥľ
ֽ뵽㣬ֻǹһ㡭
ţ
ҹδ֪Σս٣۾ɫҶҶҹδ۾Ҷ㼱æ
ͬҪɽˣ
ҹδɫȻһͻܵٵġ
ͬ׼öɽٵĶ𣿡
ҹδ룬Ӧû⣬ԼϴĶ٣ͷ
Ǹ


556 ɽ
ҹδҶҶҶ֮ȥҶһۣϲ壬Ҳͻˣ
⻹Ƕ㣡
ҹδһ£ˡ
ͬʱɽļ壬̧ͷеĽƣһ϶ֳΡ
ҶҶͬҲͻˣ
߰ɣ
ȥذ
һ峤ųɽ֮ķȥɽм干ͬɽٵĵط
һܵ
ҶҪɰ
ҹδ˵ϣĵ涼ǿӿݣɽеܵʿڴ˶ɽ١
ҶҶԶǧ֮⣬һӰӸ߿£峤һܵʿҶҶ棬һ繰ֵأ
ϲҶ峤Ҷһܵ
ҶҶЦ춼ϲ£ҹδȻҶͬǺҶȴؽԵȻΣգûҹδ룬ҶҾûΣ
һڳ£¶ҶңҶҲͬΣաԣҶҵΣպҹδûйϵһڼҶҲڷˡ
ҶҲڷ
ҹδ̧ͷ˿ɫѾ谵һƬƲżеܡҹδ룬׼Ӳһԡ
ܵپŵףһǿһףͨ£ʿܹһףףֻҪǻԵĴ裬Ὣٴζ죬ҲὫΪÿʿŹһ׵Ĵ
ҹδϥڵϡ
ȰȰ
ô
ΧЩܵʿɫɶˣرҶҶɫʮء
׽Խ֤׽Խã׽Խã֤׽ٵԽǶɽٵʱʱ䶼ȥ׽ˣҹδȴһ׽ٶûг֡
⡭
Ҷ峤Ա޼ҼҶҹϵһֱʱĵʵͬĲҶҹ
ţ
ҶͷûҶǸܲ׽٣
ͬԵɺϵõһ
ֲͬǿ󣬵۶ܹǿɱܵ˷׷׸ֻ̾ÿ벻ͬеĵģеȴ˷ܡ
Ҷͬǿɾͺˣ
ʱֹȥһʱûжɽپҹδ룬ʱҲо
׽پԲ
ԼҪӲ
뿹һΣ
ҹδĿüᶨתǳĬĬȴ
Ȼһ֪Σ
䡭
һ죬ضҵزһˮ״ֵͬһҹδͷϣ˲ûҹδ롣
ΧʿŵǴһ𾪵س͡
硭Ҷոնɽϣɽپǰǰ硭һҾŵҪǿͬ
죡Ҷ㷳غȵ
ʱΧʿѾܶˣܵʿͽʿҲ׷׸ԶԶعۿʱѾϸʿҶϵĸ첲
Сù
û£ɫ࣬ȴǿ𾪣ϵĽûɢ֤ͬû¡
һ׽ٽɢȥ˵ĿѾҹδӰһӡԣϵĽûɢ֤ҹδ뻹š
ҶŵǸӡ
ڿӵףҹδ³һž졣ȴ¶Цݡ
ܿ
ʱȻһ׽ʧǸӱҹδתǳЩ
Щڷشҹδ塣ʱųȥЩѾͨϵʣڷ̥֮
ʿܵ͵ǵҲֻܵ磬Ҫ뵽磬ȥ̥֮󣬽ɵ塣γɵĻȥ̥׵ͨ͸Ϊ޹
Ȼʼյϣĸ֯ٱɵ塣
ʿ֮ҪӲ׽٣Ҫ׽ȥ̥׽Ҳȥֶ̥Ρһɹܵ٣Ҫһ˿˿ȥʣµķ̥һĹ̡ʿȫװɹ٣ûеõҪʱ䣬ܹȥ̥
Ȼأ
Ҫıأ
мҹδʮ˭ʱͻܵ
ʱ䣬ʣԪˣͻ
ԣ׽ٴͱʮҪ
䡭
ڶ׽ٽ£ܱȵһһÿһ׽ٶ֮ǰǵ׽ܷһ
ҹδѾӲ岻ųʣҲʼѪ
Ӳ
䡭
׽ٽ£ҹδڱѪ֪ԼѾﵽ˼ޣӲߵ׽ˡ
̫ϧˣ
֪Լķ̥Ѿȥ߳ɣܹӲߵ׽٣˵һӾȥ˾ųɡ
ҹδ˷֮ƮԼͷϡ
䡭


557 ʷ
ߵ£ڷ֮ϣȫסҹδջ˷̧ͷһʡ
׽١
ѾˣԴӵһ׽ٽ֮ÿһ׽֮ļȻﵽһʱ
ûп˶ɽ٣Ҳ伮
˾ûôʱ䡣ԣҪջطһ£Ӧûֵܹһ׽١
ţ
ɫһ㣬Ƿ뵽ϸȻʼϸ˳ϸӵʶҹδʹûֱ顣
ȴط֣Ȼڴϸʶľʶ֮
⡭
ҹδϲ
伮أܵͻҪɵ壬ͻƻȴҪʶľΪʶ֮ϸڵʶ֮Ϊʶ
ʶΪʶҪһʱ䣬ҪʶӵеϣܹΪʶһеĻʶΪ͸Ϊܹͣصϣӡʶͱˡ
ҹδʶѾʼ͸ת֮ǰʶֻǾȴûдﵽ͸͵ĳ̶ȣʱĹȣͨҪﵽ֮󣬲ܹʼת䡣
ʿûжɽһصģԷʿԪ˺ô;֮ʿ;֮ʿȻҲϰģȴûҹδ̶ֳȡһ˵ľʱ޵ģҹδûռ䣬޷̶ȡҲûе伮طɽٵ飬ȴҹδ˼ľϲ
еԽԽշ·ʹ˸оȵѹ֡Χʿ֮ǰͷʱ˾Լͬظоš
Ǵûм٣˵û˵ǵСطˣʶ٣û˵ǼΪġ˵ҲһҹδܹɹʻǼᶨġ
׽٣ҹδΪ嶼ܹȻȹôҲġҹδⳡ׽ٵˣʻӰ׽ٲη´ӴԺ󣬶ڵ;η岻ǰ
ʱ׽ٻ˵ҹδ뻹ûǵгϣ
ʱĴѾΪʮɣڴӵĵײҹδо׽پҪ£ٴμ˷
ûйȥӵʱ䡣
䡭
һһĺ۵Χ۵ʿڿһ˲䣬ر۾ֻһ˲Ѿǵᵽɤۡ
ʵֲ̫ˡ
ֲֻǿһۡ

ֻҪ۾ܹ֪ǻصܣǸоԼ˵Сɽһ֣ܵ۷ҶȷĿ϶Լڶɽ٣һԼҶûˡ
עڷ֮ϣҵҡҹδ뼫Ϊţ֪ŷϸ΢仯ڱıԵջط
ڱͬʱҲڷɿرƽıԵҹδ΢΢һڰ˵ܱյİ˳ɣʣµԼеû˿⡣ڷ֮ǰҹδ뽫ջʶ
ꡭ
ʣµҹδϣһҹδ塣
ҹδϸϸ֪ܣһϸϸӦ֮˾޴󣬲֮ǰԼԣȻҲԵ֮ԺлԼĵ伮
װɣ
Χۿʿһһֳ֮ܺɫ
еĽڣ˵ҹδҲڡ
ҹδ֮࣬ҲǼ𾪡
ȻܹŹȥ
һֽ
ʣһ׽٣˭֪һ׽ٵܣǰ˵׽ٵܺ͡
Ҷͬܶɹȥ
⡭ܶɹȥ
ꡭ
Ǹӣ˶Ǹӣ˵ĽˣǸԼҲܲס
Ҷ˫֣һŵǸӵвͣţ
СùһУСùһУ
ԵҲһţǶΡ
ܹͬȹʵ
ܵһأܵ۷Ҳδܹùͬɣ
ԣ
뵱ͬܵʱ򣬾ܹնɱܵһءܹͬȹ׽٣ܹնɱܵ۷˰ɣ
ҶҪˣ
һܵͬǿҶƱػἱţøԴҶҲֻԴ࣬˵磬磬ͬһͻƵҶҾͿһԾΪһ塣
ԽԽûԱߵҶΪڵģᶨ
үģСùһܹɹ
ڡ
ҹδѸٵرǿҲѸٵıǿоһҪˡܻδһϢϢ


558 ʷ
ҹδһǼ˶ʮԷ룬ÿ빹һ
ľˮԼϷȻͷųʮԵķ룬·һнּ˷·
䡭
һ˲䶼Ϊ֮ѣˮͰֵҷɫѾӽ׵ܡ
ͨͨ
ܵһµʿѹһſ˵ϣͷ̧һҪѹĸо
䡭
עڵһ󣬽֮ϣ˲ÿһɽ֮ϣӵɽÿһ֮ϡ󶼿ʼ𶯡
͡
ҹδڽ֮ǰջ˷ɽصʶעڵڶľ֮ϡ
ҹδ΢ĳ鴤
⹹ջʶȻ֮ʶڵľҹδʹȥҪǻʹȥʧȥ˿ƣҹδˡ
ˡ
ҹδ߶ռ䣬˲㱻ռսȥҺĴ֡
ꡭ
ʼǸʶʣµ֮ڴʶ
ҹδľ󣬽սռ䣬Ȼˮ󣬻
н
˷֮ϣܵ÷Ҳ˰ӣȻջ蹬ʣ²һܵҹδϡ
ϰ˵ܵĵھŵֻһܣҲҹδڱѪȡҩ£ͣתǳ
ꡭ
ڹҹδ벻ͣЩתǳ塣
еĽƽɢȥ
ÿΧ۵ʿŵǸҫĴӡ
˭Ҳ֪ҹδǻ
Ϊ׽ٽˣҹδûҲɢȥ
һʱ
ʱ
ʱ
ڵʼӵĵײҹδѵõĻᣬԺ֮ǰҲûĻᡣ
壬ͨ͸޹ľƽʶڵҲڴʶ͸͵ķƽռڣʮöڴΣž
𣬵ǸڵҫĿΧ
ûȥڵȴ
ȴʧȴҹδϢ
̫⡣
Ŀӵףҹδһ˿Ӵָȡ·ѸٵĻϣȻ
ûͣŲƣһʧ˵Ŀ֮УҶҷȥ
СùóɹˣҶϵļⶼŤˣųߺ
Сùóɹˣ
ҶҵЩ꣬һֽ˼ˮҶЩˣҲᣬƺҶҵ𡣿ҶҵĻԻ͡
ҶҶһۣ˵Ҳϲá
ϲҶ峤ϲ
һܵϲ

һ峤Χ˹ӡ
ҹδĳɹǽģٿ־٣ҶһܵҲΡ֪ӴԺǵļ嶼ΪҶҵĸ
ܹһ㣬ҶҶȻҲܹ
ҹδȻҶˣҲҶҶܾãƱػ뿪ȥıǿ֮·
ҶҽҹδţֻҪҹδ벻ֻҪҶͬɽԽԽû˸ҶңҶҵžе
ʱҶҶ̸ЦŵҶ֮ͬҶҽϯ֮˾ʹҴһصҶңҶͬĶŽգһ£뿪˶
ҶҴŴ󿪣⿪ʼҲʼŵ̸С
̸ֻС
ǰ֮ܶͨսֻȥ̸̸ͻ档
ҶڷɿţԴ
ڡ
ҹδڣʶڣռڵûȫжɽٵʱ򣬶Ҫȥ
֮ҹδ뽫ȫſʼĬԼ
Ϊﵽܵһ۷塣
֮ϵĵϼΪֻǿһۣܹоǿ󡣻һ֮ǰܵʿоڿնɱܵһأԼܹܵҹδûҪ֪
ͨ͸޹Ѿܽˣֻɾʹﵽ޹ͨ͸ʡ߳ɵʱ䡣
ͨʿҪֻ꣬Ҫһʮꡣ
ʶҲ͸ͽ˲٣ﵽɣʣ°˳ɡ
ǣռ棬ǾȻɵʶ֮ʶڵľûбʶ֮أֻ蹬ʶ֮
ռµڴ


559 
ҹδʩչһˮԵԡͰˮϴȥ۹·ŴӶ˳һӰڶǰ죬ʽһգתͷϲغ
Сùã
ҹδһҶ֮ܵѾܹŸ֪ܵһµʿΪҶȻ˻Ҳһ֮ңϲ¶ϲ֮ɫ
һʱɡ
ҶдϲллСùã
ȥ
ţȥ
ܿ죬Ҷ㣬ҶҶҹδĶڣҶԱ߸衣˺˼䣬ҹδϵ
壬˴ǱʲôϢ
ֳп֮ɫһʱ䣬ɽǷƱðǰһжˡ
ʲôҹδɫ
Ҷֳ֮ɫԪǻԪ֣ѰɽжûлԪˣ
忪ս˫Ԫûгֹ
ҶǳϽ˵
Ŷǡߴɨһ飬ߴŶ˻ڴ󣬺ϳǵɽţɱ䡣
Ͻߴɨһ֮ڻصɽǰҲڣڻڴǾɽȵߴ߸Ԫ
߸ԪϺϾվƴͷˡǲҡ뵱ƴڵһԪʹڵߴڣÿŶֻʣһԪһƴ
˭
Ҫ֪οɲǽһˣԪƴԪ˵һŪһȻƴ
˭ң
ߴĳûлԪǻһ
ԣߴҲò̸С
̸еĽкܶ࣬ҪһʮԪʿһ귢ģԻԪһµʿ֡ǱҲЩԪʿ˴֮򶷡
ҹδͷ˵䣬ҲҪߴڻԪʿвˡֻҪԻԪһµвͿˡ
ˣڵľͺöˡ
䣬ߴҲûпһӾڡ
־ı֮ߴڵĻԪʿ֣һ㻹֮ûУ֮䣬žͻ߽⡣
Ԫʿֲ̫ˣֻҪûлԪԪʿͿһһڡ
û˻ԪʿΣգߴڹڣڻߴںڱضʧءԣߴҲѡ·ɻѡѹԽԽʧʷС
ǡ
ֳһԪأ
ھܹȥ
ҹδҡҡͷһԪ̸ף
û⼸ǧߴҲûٳһԪ
Լ
˵ʵҹδԼҲûʲôġ
ǿǻԪ
ϣԼܹܵؽڶԼԴбڣҲܹռһЩԴ䣬˵ҹδбԴˣڶδܹʲôԴˡ
ûϣߴڱضһڷ
ûһ֮ҹδ룬ҲûʲôϣͻƻԪ
ǸԪĵһ֮
ҲֻжٶԪٶʱ䣬Լܹͻ
ͻƲûڵԴԼͻơͻˣҲԼĶˡ
ȻԼߴڣӦûлᡣ
ҹδų뷨
ҺͽĶ飬ˡ
̾ϢһҶ𣿡
УϵͷپǸƵ˵ƵһأȻߴڰƵϵʿˣȴûлٻƵƵߴڲܻڣҲ̬ȼϷյĽƵ˴ڹС˴ڸǲһԪʿ
޸Ƶ˵ǵƵ޸ɽ翪šҲ˭ȥʲôʱ򶼿ȥ˴ڻоһ򡣡
ҹδ˸η쭣ߴΪɵ
ӦһŲ쭣ֻܹڳĬ
һҶ䣬ҹδͬˣһܵɽǽеģһ£˵ȥҹδڼȻҶͬݳ֣ҪװһЩ
Ҷˮϯһ£һҶҼΪ֣˵ɽڵļ嶼ˣɽΧЩҲˡ
ЩҲʮһܵɽѾҶҷչˡҶƱػΧšҶҴ񣬴̸̸ԼһЩ棬ҶҲó֣Ҳ˫Ӯ


560 ʵ
һºҶҵӱ㿪ʼ˷ȥɽΧó档ҹδҲĵһ¶һ棬ȻͻصԼĶУһʵ磬һнһ߹ķα
ͬʱҲ˼Լȥδӣ
ǻţ
ǼҶͬȥս
һº
ҶҶٴҶͬĶҲҪ֪ҹδֹֻҶ㻹ûпʼѯʣҶ˷ܵضҹδ
ͬдһ£
ҹδ벻ݸҶһͻܵ˷ܾһ˻ûʧ
ҲǣΪܵʿʵǿԪҲǧ꣬ô᲻˷ܣ
һԵҶ㷭һۣͬ۶ʱ򣬾ܹնɱܵһأͬܵˣҪս
ǣҶڰ֣ͬնɱܵ龰ҲˣҾΪͬĵͬЩĵУδزܺͬһս
ͬдһ£Ҳ֪ܵһʲôʵ
ҹδ벻ɽĿҶ㣺Ͷд𣿡
ţҶ㵭ȻͷһƾͰڵˡ
ҶڵһǺ죬ҹδ벻Цڰֵ
ã壬Ǿдһ¡
˵ˣ׼ɱܵЩУҲ׼ý󡣡ҶҪ
ã
һҶҲȤҲҪЩУҹδĻʵΣ
߳˶˺ɽƽʱҶҶдĵطҹδҶԶ
ҹδ룺룡
ҶҲҾȳˣ
ϣ
ŵϣɢҹδҹδҲûʹʲôҶҪԼʲôʵҹδҲ롣ԣҹδƽƽһ̳ûеǺҶƴӲʵԼĻʵΣ
ҹδҲ֪ԼΪʺʹǳԭ򣬻ʵҲضǿֻó
䡭
ĵʵʵײһ
Ҷ֪ҹδʵûбһ˿ʵԼȫǱȻһ
ϱ飬м乵ݺᡣܼ䣬ܱһƬǽ塣
˶ûжƾС
Ҷ˷ܵķЦ磬ҵĻʵͬ
Ҷһַͬ΢
Ҷɫһ㣺ɶ˼
ҹδͷȻԼʵͨһһЩ˽⣬ΪҶԺ̫ţԼ˲ǻʵʵ˵
壬ҸղֻΪ
ɶɶɶɡΪ
ţĳɡ
Ҷ㶵ؿҹδ룬Ȼеģûƭң
ûģ
ǡĳ
ã
ˡ
˫ٴγ𣬵ϴƲ񷣬Ȼײһ
Ҷ˳ȥײұϣǶ档޿ؽԼұ˳
ͬô𣿡
ҹδҡͷҵЩ⡣
Ҷ۾һ˼ǣҲ̫ǿ
ҹδҲһַ㡭ǰɡ
ûˣҶһӣ
⻹ǡ̬ҹδҲʧЦתͷҶ㣺Ҳԣ
ãҶҹδĶ棺ҳ˳
ҹδ룺Ҳ˳
ҶĿһȷ
ҹδͷҲУҲˡ
ã
˶Ȼһƣһ
ԶҶһ£˳ôǿ
ͬʵӦܹսܵ˰ɣ
䡭
ʽײͬһ㣬еĻƶ˲ʧһ˿ʣɽ嶼׷߳⣬Ҷҡ
ǡ˭ڴ򶷣
ƣһӦҶ㣬һ˭
ѵҶǿУǿɱҶң
ಡ
һܵʿ˸߿գҶҺɽȥҹδҶԶ
Ҷͬ
Ҷͬôǿ
Ǹոͻܵ𣿾ܹܵ۷Ҷ
ʲôУŻǿ󣿡
Ҷҡǿ˰
һ峤ļᣬֿ־塣һĬĬעҹδҶˡ
һҶҹδ붼˰˳ҶҹδȴûƶŲ
˵ʲô
˵ҹδĻʵѾԺͨܵ۷࿹ҹδʹĴеأ
Ҷ˶ɵˣ
ŲҲǿ
ҹδĿſһɨȻǻضɡ
˽뵽еһ峤ɫػصԼļ塣һ̾Ϣ
ǵ͹ҶҰ
ڡ
ҶʳԼʵĻͬҪ뿪˰ɣ
ţ
㡭׼ݣڣ


561 
ȥսҶͬݡ
ҶɫһϲֻҪҹδҶͬĴսҶҵҲ֮ߡһҲҹδּƻҲԼļƻ
ͬҶҶԼȥӼʶҶոͻܵȥʶһ£кôҶҶҵϣڣȥϣָܹҶһҪҶ
ҹδ֪ҶһΣգʱᱩ¶ݡ
ҶҡͷͬҶҺѾһֻҪ£ҶҲòˡ
ҹδ˼Ƭ̣ͷãҹҶҲͻܵ츳ԴҰˣҲᾡָ㡣
лҶ֣һ
ˣҹδһһȻǼٵģҲԵ֡
㡭ڡ
һǻȥģֻҪʱҹδ뿴Ҷһ죬ҲҶҡһŬҶҴһ塣
ûб¶ݣҾͻһֱҶͬݣҶһ壬ǿ
ǣҲһ½ڣҶҲŸΣա
һ¶ݣһж˵ˡԣҶҲҪ׼һЩѪ߰ɡ
ףҶҶɫء
ա
ҹδҶҶ뿪Ҷңɽ嶼֪ҹδҪȥսˣһ峤͡
Сùãȥս𣿡·;֮ϣҶ˷ܵʵ
ȲȥأȥĹذݷһЩҵѣͶҲսһĥ
Ҷ˷ˣ֪ҹδս˵Ĺصļڣύ˲ٵѣЩѵļڶǵĹǿԼȥսԼ൱ʿԼĳɳżĴٽ
ο
ÿд֮Сùûʱָ㣡
ڵҹδ뵹ǲ̫żȥսҲҪʱ亻ʵԼľ磬ͬʱҲҪʱ乹αһ·ϵǺС
ӰݷõһҿʼٴϢʹ˳ȥѾܵϢҲŴ˳ȥ
Ĺظ嶼𶯡
Ҫ֪Ĺǿ峤ҲܵΪûһŵҲΪԸŶҹδôͻܵףҹδδˣͱ˵ˣŶҹδҲ
ҹδڵĹصȻͲսˣҶҶսֻЩսļ壬λŹ
ԣݷõĵһվңûзŹҹδ롣ҹδдһʱ򣬾ͲָҹδˣҹδָˡΪ軹ǵĽ׶ΣûдﵽܵҵܵʿҲͺҹδд衣
ҹδûоܾȻȻرҶҶͬʿд衣һ·ϣҹδҲڸҶҶһЩʺǵĵ
ҹδдʱһֱʹн󣬶һֱѹԼʵԼܵ۷ʵ㣬Ҳҵһ֡
峤Ҳ̬ǰɽҶ
ҹδӰݷҵĵһ쿪ʼϸϢʹ˳ȥԭֻҪݷһЩԼ֮ǰսļ塣ϾЩԼĹϵÿ콾Լһȥ˵սϢȥ֮󣬶ʮͻܵҹδ룬˭֪Ҫύ˵;˼׷ؾ֮·ϵȺȥ͡
ҹδûоܾдҲд裬ԼһСĻᣬʶɣ֮СҶҶ͸ΪҪ
ЩֳҪҶҽ˵ʱҹδҲֻ˵Լܼ֮£ӭλҪ峤
ЩҲǰɽҶҡҹδ뿪Ҷ֮ǰѾҶ˵һҹδǰս壬ڣľͿҶԼôġ
ҹδ뻹ǵ͹ԼӰһܵӰԭ֮󣬱ȥأҲѲ˶ʱ䡣ȴû뵽·ļ̫ˣҲһʶɵĻᣬûоܾԵݷڡһʱ䶼ȥˡ
ҽڵĵ̣ҶͻƵ˻
ҹδϸҶľ֮󣬸Ҷ˹أȻҹδӵеԴܹҶһʱʹﵽ˻۷壬ȻʼԳػҹδ뻹ǸҶͻƵ˻۷壬ʱȥĥ磬ȻٿʼͻƵػ
ҶЩСùüΪݣ붼û룬ͷͬ⡣
ҶΪҲȴûͻƵܵڶ㣬ҹδҲûС͵֮ÿһͻƲס


562 ս
ܵľ磬ҪѾǹؼ֮ؼ֮ԣڵ֮ӡĵϡ
һҹδ࣬ϵĵûжӣнҲûͻСɡ
ڰݷ֮ȻĹػŴûȥҲд壬ڵȴҹδİݷãҹδ뻹ǴҶҶֱǰ˵ء
û˸ҹδ룬Ϊҹδָ֮󣬶񣬱չȥˡ
ΪҶҶҹδҲûмӿٶȣµʱ䣬˵ء
ҶҶ˷ܣΪ˴ûأصʵˮ׼ƽ߹ĹءĹصļûһڵУӵΪļкܶࡣ
ؾһɽϢΪصʵˮƽߡ˴һžڵءԵû˹עĹһܵҶͬǹҶͬϢҲϪ뺣ûǶ̸ۣȻҲûдŵصĵء
ҶҶ˷ܣҹδ뵹ǺƽѾһˣһս˲ٵļ塣˷ܵҹδǸֳһ˿Цݣһ˿ЦݲΪҪսصţһ㣬ѾɲԶˡ
ͻܵӵ˵ʶ֮зٶȶһעһµ;״һڣöޡͨ͸޹ǰ˳ɣȻǾųɻңԶ͸ͼҲɣĳҲңԶ
ΨһϲľǷ
ҹδ뿪ʼսˣϴûսţξʹԤƶſʼ׼սʮšڿʼڽ
ҶͬڵؿʼһЩҲûз˻
һܵʿսҹδΪʵܵ۷壬սĹʤְܣʤ˹עҲ͸ˡ
ҹδսΪ˻ȡΪԶ˵Ҳں
ս֮ǰսĸŵ;УҹδȻͣһɳǣƽ֮ڡ
ҶҶڿջסȥһ
ΪķĲҪˣɵĲ㣬ζҹδΪʹﵽ˷Բǵ˹ʱˡͻƴҪʱҲ̫
ڡ
ҹδ빹һз㿪ʼ𶯣з뵽α֮У֡
ҹδ뿪ʼ룬ʼس˵㡣
ҹ
ҹδ˹룬ķѾ㡣ӴҪľǹαռ䡣㹹ϣǷԲȻʱȥٽα涴ת
αһת涴뵽𾳽硣һﵽ˴Բ
ҹδ֪ԼҪܾõʱ䣬ûͻȻֻҪﵽԲҲҪʱ䣬ȻͻῨڴż֮ǰҲˣͻȻͻˣҲһҲͻơ
ʰһ飬뿪˶ص˿ջһҹδ룬ҶҶͼ
Сùãͻܵˣ
ҶҲ֪ҹδ뻹һҹδҲû͸¶ҶͬݾͱŴʿͺáҹδݣԼԱֳݣ˱˲µһˡ
ûУֻЩ򡣡ҹδҡͷҶҶһʧ
ˣҪ̫࣬ͻƿ»Ҫǰ档ͻƣڴͻơ
ҹδû˵ĵܵΣҶͻҪҹδ졣Ϊҹδĵ̫󣬵ĵ̫¡ĵ϶ô£ԺĶأصȵȶΪȻҪһЩҶأ
͵ĵ޷ҹδȣǵϵĵҲҹδǳ˺ܶࡣҹδټϲϵָ㣬ڵҶѾҪܵصٽˡ
ҹδսʱĳս֮󣬴ϧĻҹδ뻹ҶҶսĻᡣĳս֮󣬹ϵܽһ㣬ҹδҲ󣬺ҶҶ˴
սĿɶţһǶšҹδѹʵڽϰˣҲܹƾصΪֺܾãֵľãľͶࡣнϵ򣬻н࣬غʵϵҲԣÿһս֮ҹδ붼ͽѡһط򲻶̵ʱ䡣
ִҴһȥҹδսʮšȻʹҴҽһɳǣһʼ


563 ܵ
ҹδͨ£ֻҪɣɳ򣬶Ұ⡣ϾǮ˶ȫԻϿԱ֤ҶҶԼɳڣҶѾܵأҶҲﵽ˻۷塣
ҲҹδԱ߸һ
սһĻĻҹδʣȡɣںϡ
ϣ
ҹ֮ϥڶڵҹδ룬ڴһƴ
һ̣ҹδнСɾ硣
ⲢǽСɾ֮󣬷·ƿеһţҹδ뿴ڵ磬̶ڰǳԾ
һ󣬶ڵҹδϽ֮УؼĵҹδӶӿ˶ûҹδ롣
ֵϵɳڵʿɾ㶼ֵĶķһϲɶ¶Ľ֮ɫ
ͻˣ
֪ɳǵʿġ
ƲС϶ܵϣǲ֪ܵ
ܵɣִѡԼļͻƣôѡһطͻƣ
ҲͿ˼ۣһ㲻ٹעϾҲֻܵûʲô˵ģڵ֮ϣΪһ㡣
ҹδҶеҶҶȴǻǳǵûҹδ룬ҲӴԱߵҶҹδ붼ܵҶΪֻ˻ҹδĵϣ˵̫ˡ
ֻ˲䣬˾ͽ뵽֮С
蹬С
Ļϣһ̷ɿӡһΪµĵϣҲѸٵ
ҹδķĲȻǲͬģҲ͸Լ꣬ʱ˵ԺԲơϽ״̬÷ĵһ㵽ĲȻӿٶȡ
־չȥ
ˡ
ҹδ𶯣ûĵͬһ룬һУŵϡ
ܵء
һ̣ͻܵءͻƣҲ״̬˹֪Լź
һպҹδͻƣսͻƵܵأѾãԼķõͱ˾ϲ
ĵһ㵽ĲαĶתȻ֮һһ㣬˵һӽʡ˰ҵʱ䣬İңܹﵽԲ
⻹ľϲ
ҹδطһжнͻƣһϵб仯ԼнͻƵأ
ǿǴɾ磬᲻ࣿ
᲻
ҹδвطڴһĵãʰ飬߳˶ҶҶϥԼĶ֮⡣죬ɻͷϲ
ͬ
Сùãͻ𣿡
ţҹδͷҲ֪вٵʶ̽飬ͷͻơ
ҶҶ˾ͿĵЦҶŵСùãͻƵ˻ˡ
ţҹδɫһ㣬ⲻӦðҶոͻƲãôͻˣ
ҶЦΪͬͻƣ̫ĵϣҶҲ˳ͻˡңȻûлͻƣҲﵽܵ۷壬ͻزԶ
̫ˣҹδҲˣܹˣҲԼҶƴΣգڻԼݵĻر
Сùãǽȥս𣿡
ţϢһ󣬱ǰڡ
һº
ҹδϣԶԶѾ˴ڡһ£ȻûֹͣܵصľҲȶнҲһЩ
ҹδ˽ĴɽµĴȻɽȥ
ڣ
ȻưŶԼϰԸӣرǶһԶʿֻ̬һϰߣ϶ҹδ뻹żֿ
ҹδӮõġ
һ棬ҹδս֮ǰʮսʤƽ
ҹδĴ򲻹˼ң˼ڽϵҪ߳ҹδ̫ࡣҹδҲֻ¶ܵɵʵƽҹδӶѾ㹻򣬼ȥҲӮǿҪܾãԸɴƽ֡ԷҲûȻͬ⡣㹻ֺܶףҲͻ˶ԷҹδҲҪĻۡ
սͺ˲ˡ
ҹδ뵱һսʮŵһҹδʮʤƽռžԵʤư
ҹδսĶʲôˣ
Ƕʮܵڵ콾˵ǸܵڣһŸ֡Ÿ֣ҹδȡʤƽĳɼ
ôСҹδ룿
ҹδһսЩҲȥ˻Ҷͬ


564 ϵϣ
һ顭
üһ
֮ǰս󶥼壬֮ǰڵĹս󶥼ڡҶҲɽһ壬Ҳһ塣
ǣҶһܵеĶⷢչˡ
ҵĽҶͬս壬ţսĶֶǽ֣ҶͬҲǽ󣬴սʼڣδʹùĵ
Ҷûн󴫳СҶʷҲûҶͬ콾
ۺҶͬӦûԵɺл˴Уаͽ󡣵һܹԼ̶ȣиƷĴУҲ㹻𾪣Ҳ㹻𾴡
ԣűҶͬ𾴣ʿһ㡣
һ棬ҹδԼŵ衣
Ҷͬ裬һǫѷʺ衣ȻᡣܹикͬС
һʵǿʿ˾裬ȻҲ֡Ϊҹδ롣
رڵҶͬѾһ֮·һ·սԸ㽻ѡ˵ҶͬѾǸտʼ뿪ɽսʱ򣬱˿𣬻ǲԸս
ûЩ⣬ʤƽսʿҲþܾҲҾܾ
Ҷͬո߳ɽʱ򣬾ܾҶֻͬΪмںҶͬԡ
ΪǸʱҶͬûս
ǡ
ܾ¾ͻòңҶͬۡ
ԸⰡ
οѾһַΧܹҹδսܹΪҶͬѣ֤һ֡
ԣǿĴڶҹδȻϰϵĽ֮仹ǿ֡
ο
ڴʱҲ֪ڽҶͬսĵڶվȻͻȥսڡ
ڣ
Ƕǿţ˵ںͰ˴һŵ𣬾һԪʿ˴ûлԪʿڿԻκһš
ڽϡ
˼ҽľڽϣûǸܹҡ
ԣţǴҲʮֺҶͬսڵĽʲô
ŽѹᣬȻΪҶͬд裬Ȼ㿴Ҷͬսڡ
Ϊʲô֪Ҷͬս֮·
ΪҶ֮ͬǰս֮󣬺ѾΪѵսĵʱ˵Ҷͬս֮·Ҷʮ
Ϊʲôرעͽڵս
Ϊڵһ־ǽӡ
ЩֻҪսضȫԸûһ˵ǳмȷʤҲ
ǵĽ
ôҹδΪʲôҪҶͬһأ
Ϊҹδ뻹ҪԼıһ裬Ҫҹδȫ෴Ų˻ҹδҹδһˡ
Լ裬Ҳͨ˽⽣֮ġ
Ǿǽӵ裬һҪȫվҶͬ档
ȻҹδںʹսĹУ²˫ȻҲúܼңȴûּơҹδнаȴ԰ͻƵɾ硣
ڵ⣬ҹδҶҶսᡣҶҶҲǳ
ҹδ뿪ڣǰڵʱѾкܶʿǵ󣬸ʿȺ˽ڡ
˵һѾܹǿʢˡ
ҲΪҹδֻܵΪھϲ˲٣˭֪ҹδڽϵľɲѾҪһ۷塣
սβˣ
Ŷţǰ˴һŶʼעˡһսϢҲ˵صİ˴һţҲİ˴һʿǰؽڣۿⳡս
ڡ
ϰֵѩ͸ڴϣϻȸͶҡ
Ͽ˵ǳҹδĶݣÿ˶ʮԪнľˣǺܴĶݣԼҹδǳע
ڵȻҲ֪Ҷͬҹδ룬Ҳ֪Դ֪ҹδֿʼսˣҲˡ
Ŷ
ʵҲôܾˣ֪Լ޷һͻƣӡ
еģһ¹עˣÿ춼öռҹδϢǻ㱨տʼҲֻǹעľˮҹδһսסˡʱҹδսڻʤϢϺܾöûЦݵϣЦ̫һ㡣
ֵã̫ˣʤƷ
ѩδˣ
ңʮŶ࣬ʮˡ
ѩ۾һӾʮܵʦ֡
ֵ۾е죺ףԭڻĸԪԪʮһܵ
ƵĸһԪһ߸ܵ
ȸæ֮£ºͻƻԪˡѾչһٶˣûгءԭΪûϣֻڹӲдȴû뵽һδ롣
ʮܵ
ûϣͻƻԪ


565 ս޻
ʦ֣ʦ㣬Ƕ֪ҪɾһԪжѣ˴ô꣬ҲûгһµĻԪҲҪδ̫ϣ
˵Ķԣֵͷֻл¶ϣô˵һϣ
ڼžһֵٴοڣ˭ͻƣڱչͻ𣿡
ȸڵ˶ʦæ֮£µʦܶڱչءҲ֮ǰλʦɱķĴ̼ҪͻơĸʦҲڱչءܵʮĸܵȻûбճصģҲǾֻûͻƵġ
ûͻܵģ
֮ǰſõĽͻʧܣ뿪ųȥˡڲ֪Ķԭ񲨿ʼչˡӳѩҲȥˡ
죬ֵ̾Ϣһ˰
ѩҹδһվսڰɣ
ңԣ
ѩֳ֮ɫӰ
ȸǰȺŷľǼȷʤҲ
ٶȼž
ڡ
´
н֮ϣЦ˵û뵽һ죬һܵӵսԪʿĹעǺǡ
ڴϣǺǣҲǸҶͬһ·ս뺷ǵע⡣
ϣҶͬһѧĺӰܲܰţ
нҡͷҪȿܴܲս޻ڵĽ»˵
ƵƵͷĿǰΪֹûһִս޻ڵĽ»Ҷͬϧˣ˵ս˭Уǵս޻ڡ
ϣ޻˵˵ɣܷˮͷһ˭ҶͬˡʱҶͬţҶͬʣټǽڵһս޻ڡ
нҲã
нȥս޻ڣһս޻˽ӢǸһʮӲʵĸоֻǿһۣ˽ڣĸо
ս޻ڣʮ꣬ǰոͻܵĲ㣬뵽ܵڣһ޷ȫԲŸһֽڣϬС
ݼս޻ʩ
޻ڰнͰս޻ڣӦҲ֪ò˼죬ǸҶͬӦս˰ɣ
֪
ս޻üëһֳս⣬ȺӣϲľսرʵǿĶ֡
Ҷͬǿ
Ȼǿ
ɽ繫ҶͬܵɵΪһ·սʤƽսս޻ڣս޻Ҳ֪ǸտʼսʱҶͬܵģ˺ʤƽҲûаܹһ
˵ʲô
˵Ҷͬ٣յϢҶͬ·;ͻƹҲӦܵأԼΪ൱ҪսĶ֡һӾ˷
޻ڣҶͬǺǿϾֻһ壬ŽڵĴС潣ǽھڡ϶Ķ֡ŶҶܸͬȤһûűļʿܹţǿŵʵ
һһ·ս콾ǽڣǽҲһĻᡣյҲסԣ㿴ܲܵʱˮʤǲҪˡ
޻ڣҴ֮ģҲᱻҶͬ
ڵʿĬˣ̫˽ս޻ˡս޻ȷʵһ޻ڡս޻˵ûʵ
ô죿
ϾҶͬԼҵ̣ΪžԼҵðաнƬ̵
Ǿˣǰ뷨ȥɡ
ս޻ɫһϲл
ڡ
һɽͦ罣
ҹδ룬ҶҶƥǵ󣬸һȺʿⶼһʢµʿ
ܵΪ͵Ǿ͡ǱˣɽҲడ
ܶ࣬ɽܵΪʿûҲһࡣɽ硣
뿴ڵҲֻжʮһܵʿôһţֻжʮһܵʿ
Ĳࡣ
ɽ˵ڣʵûô࣬һһЩżҲǧÿŲֻһܵҲǳܵмأ
ҲŽܵʿ
ԱӴɻ̫ܵˡҹδսڵսķǳʿرҹδǹЮǿսսǽڡЩܵʿ쳣
ֱԣ˵źܴĸٶЩ
ҹδһ·սҲûԼĿģԺʹȥҹδһսǽڡ
ʱ򣬽ΧѾۼ˴ʿڵȴһ̡
СùãˣҶ˷ܵŲԶĽڡ


566 ѹ
ţ
ҹδͷһŽڶȥ
˽֮£һʿվɽǰҹδЩʿҲͣΧʿҲ򣬴ʱ۷׷ףҹδǸʿĶС
Ǹս޻ڰ
ôֱӣ
ǰֱɽŵҶͬҪֱӿս
ս޻Ҳͦа
ǵȻս޻磬ѾܾûܹΪĶˡòһܹ˷𣿡
ǸҶͬ
ԣ
ʺ񰡣һ¶ݵˡ
ѵսǺ¶ˣ˼׷󣬺òã
ҹδе֪ǸʿԼҪսս޻ڣ㽫ֽҶȻս޻ȥս޻ڵҲûнʿְҲӭҹδ˹
սʦ֣һᣡҹδ빰ʩ
Ҷʦãһᣡս޻ڻ񣺡ҪҪϢһ
ĺֱӣҹδս޻ҲһЩ˽⣬һһʮֱӣһ˿֡
ǽǰ㣬ȷʤҲ
ãҹδսҲȻ
·ӦӦҹδսոհȻս޻ڵսҲ˵ս˲ײ֮Ĵ϶һơ
Χ۵Ŀ㶼һֻսײͿֲ˹
ս޻ڣ룡
ҹδ룺룡
̤
̤
θźȥбϷ˵ġ
֮䣬Ѿ˰Уңңԡ
ϣ
ͬʱ˽γɣӰ룬ԵӰڡ
ҹδʹнÿһԵķɽ빹ɣܹʹʮ룬һн
ս޻ʹǴܽһнƷ
һбƼĽиſÿΪ˿˿ʹ˵θӵ룬
ҹδľһ
֪ܽǺнͬȼĽҲŹҶԷܵء콾˽⣬Щ콾ʵԲֹܵأرս޻ڡҹδҲܵ۷壬Ҳܵ۷ʵ
ؼǣ˵ս޻ڵĴܽѾ˴ɾ硣
ʵƷ򾳽硣
һսô
ֻԽӭУܵĿԺܴ󡣵ҲҹδҪѹһ·սɾѾԶҲԼ
ϸԷĴֻܽо쳣ԼнҲ䣬ƷϺͶԷ֡򾳽ȴǲԷ
Ϊ棬Լܵһصʱ򣬾ܹܵ۷Ҷ㲻£ԼѾܵأʵһԼ¶һЩʵڶԷ˵ĻԼڽ
ǣԼ
ϣ
ҹδսߣȷ˹

Ǵܽ󣬱仯Ī⣬һս޻ڣҹδнӭ
һ䣡
ҹδ뽣ָֻأͬһлŽ˹ȥ
ϡ
ܼײܱͣ䣬Χۿʿҡ۷׷ף
ս޻ںǿ
˵ܽʮűأ֪ս޻˶ٱ仯
ûֻ֪ʩչʮֱ仯ûܹٶʩչһ֡
ҶͬҲǿ
ǰѾս޻¼ֱ仯ˡѾ·ˡƼֲ˶á
ô˵ҶͬҲôֱֻ仯·ˣ⻹ֵܹʮֱ仯𣿡
԰ôͽˣҿ⣿
ʱҹδǰδеѹս޻ڸûʲôѭ򽥽һͻȫǳ޻ڣܵصΪʩչ쾡¡ҹδֻܵأȻѾʹΪΪѾ൱ͨܵʿ۷ˡɱԷѹ
ʵͽȫѹƣҹδڲӵʱھȫ·硣ۿŽ
ϣ
죬ǡ
ҹδһΪԼΪͷųĳɡǿֹס˽ơ
ս޻ֳȻˣҹδֻʵܹһ·սȡʤƷս˲ͨʿǻʵҲӦܹԾ׵ղţԷֵòһ콾Ҫ֪ҹδԤܵءأ콾أ൱ͨʿܵԲΪ
ھˣΪܵأʵȴ൱ͨʿܵԲ
ֻЩʧҹδĻʵ൱ˣнƷҲܸߣҹδ򲻵ɾ磬Լô
Ȥ콫նɱˣ


567 ܽ
ϡ
ս޻ڵĽٴοʼ仯ܱҹδոסĽв֧֡ҲûٴʵҪѹեԼľȣȡԼͻơ
ΧۿʿǾһ
Ҷͬڱʵ
ǰ㿴סˣ
ҶͬҲĴ󣬾Ȼս޻ǰʵ
쿴Ҷֲּͬסˡ
ϡ
ҹδйž˸ǻۣڼµѹ£ʼӿ졣Ӵܵı仯УѰеı仯
ս޻ҡͷʵʲôʱ䣿
Ұܰɣ
ϣ
ܽʮ䡣ҹδĽһۿžҪ
ϣ
ԭѾѹЩнٴţס˴ܽĹ⵹ҹδнͻˣòһԼʵѾﵽȫƾҰض˶Էѹ
ǲʲôٴȶס˾档ս޻Ŀһ΢΢һ˿ŭ
ԭҶͬڱǿ
Ǿҿ㻹ûб
ϡ
ܽٴοʼ仯ÿһα仯ܽܶᷭһҹδѹ
Χ۵ʿɷҶͬб
̫ǿˣû뵽ҶͬǿѾǴʮˣ˵Ҷֵܹͬٱ䣿
ΪʲôҶͬʤ
ÿ𣿡
ҲǣҾôҲֵܹ֧ڶʮɣ
ҾùǺҶͬѾȫˣֵܹ֧ʮǼˡ
Ҿʮ䣡
Ҿʮ˱䣡
ɽڡ
нȴңſеս΢ЦҶͬһ콾
ϣȻܹ޻ڵмֵʮı䡣
н˫ĿŹ⣺ҲҪ޻ڸ
ô᣿ɻн
Ҳῴн΢΢۾ҶͬΪֻܵء
ڴɫһϸϸ꣬ǵΪ磬ֻȥܹҹδʵΪġ
ܵذ
޻ڿܵأҶͬĻʵȻҪ޻ڻǿһߡȥֻƾʵ޻ڲ簡
н˵Ҷͬ޻ڻҪֻҪʱ䣬ѽȥ޻δκ

֪нͷһᾡڽڡ
һҹδֵʱҪһЩһӺٴθоԼĽҪ˱ļޣΪս޻ڵĴܽѾ仯ʮű䡣
ϣ
֮£ҹδٴһɣͷŵʵѾﵽɣҰضסս޻ڵѹһڴܽı仯м֣һн
һڵн϶ֳһ˿ȣΧۿЩʿ
⡭Ҷͬ˶ʵ
ս޻ڴʱŭˣʵΣ
ʮű䣬㻹ֶܹٱ仯
ܽ˵ڶʮ䣬ʱΧ۵ʿ˷ܣս޻Ҳһ˿˷ܡ˷ҹδļ͡
˵ʵĿǰΪֹҹδûиʲôѹȫһˣһҹδĥʯΪҹδȻԸ⣬֮ԽҹδսΪҹδܹһЩѹģҲҪͻƺòã
ĴܽҲֻдɺòã
ҲҪܽԲ
ֻǴսڣҹδûиʲôѹֽѧܹʲô
Ѿ˶ʮ䣬һξͳʮֱ仯ڻûܹƳĵڶʮֱ仯ҹδܹȥҲͻٸԼһѹ
ʮˣҶܹͬȥ𣿡Χ۵ʿ˷ܵ
ҾùǺҪˡ
ҲҶͬصʵ
˵Լ𣿡
ҹδʱѹ쵽˼ޣѾܲˣӵʮıֵ˵ڶʮ䣬һ˻ʵһҲнһЩ򡣵ǱϾޣнٴٱ
ϣ
εҹδ벻òٴʵͷųԼ߳ɵʵٴȶס˽
βΧ۵ʿĿ࣬нȴҲ˾ȡ
⡭ء
ԻܵΪ˵ʲô
˵ҶͬʾǼѰ
нȴеð˾ϲ
սеս޻ֳ˷֮ɫӦܹԼѹ˰ɣ
ϣ
ܽڶʮ߱䣡
ʮˣ
ʮ߱ˣ
ҶͬҪƼ¼ˣ
Χ۵ʿ˷ҹδȴһݣ֪˶ս޻ڵ˷ܣǸ֪ΧʿĿܣҲԼ֪ɽڵĿ⡣


568 С
ԼʵˣͷеˣԼҲҪһЩơΪҹδҶͬЩ
ǡ
ֻ߳Ϊδֶܹðս޻һõĶ֣ҲҽܽͻƵɵ
ҹδ΢΢üͷʼ취
ĵǿ϶ãֻܹý󣬽Ҷͬı־Ǻҹδı־ֻýӦأ
ʮ˱ˣΧ۵ʿһ󻶺
ҹδѹս޻Ҳδй棬ǵһܽݻڶʮ˱ʿ
ҹδһһ롣
뵽ϣͻȻ仯нڣзɽнÿһһɵķɽ
û취нҪƽ⡣
ȻԷ뱻ҹδ˽Է빹ķɽһнѳһȴǽҹδ߱
һһС
нСǽ
տʼս޻ڻһ㡣
Ǹʲô
ȻͿ˽һһСǸнһ㣬ҽǴԲȻͰҹδһȼ
ս޻˷
ʱҲûࡣǺҪѵľ̫࣬Զһ󣬾ÿ졣
ҪǣĵʶһĴ󣬼ֱҪԾʹͷռҹδеҹδܹ㹻ѹڶʱڻͻƵΪţҹδ룬ֲ˶á
ϡ
ڶʮű䣬ʮ䡭ʮ䡣
ҹδĽֵ˱ıԵʱҹδ벻ϲû뵽ô󡣶һʱ䣬Լнɿ룬Ҳ֡Ϊнͽ󲢲壬ศɣ̥н˶нİ򶼷ǳ
һ󲻹һ
ϡ
ϣҹδųʶڵһľԷ룬ɷɽһľ
һ˫С󣬻һнͷɣܶʱ
ľųʱʼս޻ѹˣս޻ھȻ֣ԼѾռˣ˫һƽֵֽ״̬
ս޻˷ˣԼһѹˣһʵ൱Ķˣڿһ˿״̬ˡ
ϡ
˫սţʵֽŵ״̬˫ѵ״̬˺ܿͶսе״̬С
ʮ䣬ʮһ䣬ʮ䡭
ҹδָо˾޴ѹͷųˮһСĸβƣռһϷ磬ս޻ѹս޻˷ܵȸԾֹܾܽͣõͻƣʼѿһ϶
Ĵܽ仯ʮ˱䣬ֿʼҹδѹˣȻѹûдﵽҹδ뽣ĵزȴҲ˺ܴѹԷͷųʮű䣬Լһ󡣵ȴս޻ڵĽûӱ仯ǽʮб仯С
ҹδЩƲ⣬ս޻Ӧûûܽһ仯ܽԲͲһ仯ֻʮ˸仯УҲ޴ҹδӦԡҲֽӦУҹδѾͻƵٽ㡣
ʱΧۿʿѾˣ
ʮ˱䰡
ս޻ھȻʮ˱䣡Ͳһ䣬ܹԲˡ
˵ս޻ڰҶͬȻƵս޻ʹʮ˱䣬֮ǰս޻ڿʹʮ߱䰡
ǿ
˶̫ǿˣ
˵˭Ӯ
Ͽս޻Ӯ˰
ô˵ս޻һֱռƣȴҲһֱûӮҶͬͷųһСأ
԰Ҷͬн֮ǰǿˣڿֻͷС󣬻лûͷšͷųһС󣬿ռϷľҶͬ˰ɣ
һŶҺɴŮޣ̧ͷŰмˣ¶һ˿ʧ䡣Ľӳѩ
ʿѾ𣿶ڡ
ɽڡ
нЩҲһĴ㵣ȫû뵽ҶͬԭȰս޻ڷŷˮ
ڿŸƨ
˲֪н⼸˿֪ս޻ڸûһ䣬һֱһꡣѾս޻ǿ״̬ٿҶͬԻСûͷš
ս޻еս⼸ΪʵʣʱѾһˣԼĽԷڽˡ


569 н
ԼѾóȫʵǶԷСǿԼ
ⷽ濴֮ǰҶͬһһ·սȫʵʵﻹʲôƽӦȫʡ
Ƴȫ
ս޻ڵĽĽر仯ĸֱܽ仯壬һ֮ǰҹδϵܱܽս޻ڱҹδʹС
Ƶת
ʱΧ۵˶Ŵͣû뵽ƻҶͬս޻ʹȫƣڱս޻ڱҶͬʹеơ
ϣ
һս޻ڵɫһ䣬ûбƳҶͬͷų󣬷Ҷͬͻơ
нɣ
һ£ս޻ܲˣɵнС̫ˣֱս޻ڵĴܽ˱ٱıԵ
ҹδѰͻƵģҲѵģеġ
οڽɣҪͻƵԲһսܹﵽģСֻʣºнͶԷĴܽ󽻴ս޻һͬʱҲһֲʣĸо
ҹδ뵹ûô࣬ؼغϣͷԼԷѹһ·ս֪ʲôѹǶͻõĳ̶ȣַų˽
һһСʼս޻ڡ
ս޻ڵѹʱҲˣҹδڻ顣ԼҹδͻˣҹδǸõѹҲͻơ
ȻЩŤ״̫ˣҲ;س֮С
ΧΧ۵ʿдʱһЩжϧ
нҲһͬʱпϲ
λҶͬս޻ҲϧǲܹҶͬڣ
ս޻ܹҶͬѹ»ͻƣٰҹδ뵽ţǿ˫ϲ˰
ҹδɫؿʼ԰ף֮ǰһС󣬶ҹδ̫ˣռܹṩ̶蹬ںϣתΪʶûв䰡ڵѾĵ߰˰ˡ
ɫذ
ϡ
һƴս޻ڵĴܽͻƵ˴ԲͻƵһɲǣҹδηˣͬʱ˽
ҹδ԰׵ףս޻еǵĸоʧˣ֮Ǹж˼ԭͻ֮󣬻Լþ޴ȴԸԼԼͻơһзϧ֮飬Ҳһκͱ˱ȶûзʤûо˽ҹδңңһ
л
лҹδҲңңʩ
ȻӶЦ
ӰնǿϢҹδ뾯衣ȴнУ˻δˬʵĴЦ
ҶСѣɫҿջ񣬾ڽڱչһʱɡڱĲ˵Ǳ֤չصʱܴţȴܹõ
Ҷʦãս޻Ҳ˹
ҹδӷɿ˼Ȼʩлдͺˡ
ãã
н˵㻰ûаʲôϯΪִʿ֪ҹδҪսĻͽһ̸ҹδ밲ŵĶս޻Ҳͬȥչˡ
нԭУ֮󣬶ҹδ̫ĸҹδһֱķҲУһһӾʵķԾҹδеһΣˮɵرͻܵء
صкҹδĶûûͻƶãս޻ڵĶҲͻƵƣֵнӡ
ս޻ڵͻѾ׬ˣٰҹδڣǾ͸׬ˡ

ҹδأнϯΪҹδս޻ءϯ俴ҶҶϾȻƣ̬ȴǺ˷ܣҹδһɣҶĽͣЦá
ҶҶȻҲںúдǺأȥսڵĵˡ
ڵʲôƢ
ȷҲ
˲ɱˣԱгϣȴսлࡣ
ʵϣҹδһ·սҲ˺ܶдĻᡣڵҶҶѾ˱뺷Ϣսľɿ˵ڵսصɽǾͬ޶֡
ʢ֮ս޻ҹδĶ
нûֱȥҹδ룬һҹδܾԼôһϹȥԣս޻˵ս˫ҲһֱӣͰ˵ˣѽڳҲ˵һ飬Ȼڴҹδ
ҶʦãڰɣǾܹʱʱдˣ
ҹδĵʱʱд裬ʱʱҪ
ҹδҲܼ뽣ڣսʦ֣ûмκһŵ뷨ҵսûн


570 
ս˫ɫһ㣬۾Ź⣺Ҫȥս˴ţ
ţ
ʲôʱȥҺһȥ
Ҫһʱ䣬ʱĴߣսҲȥ̽̽գʱȥս
һս޻ڱ뿪ȥнн֮󣬱̾Ϣһ
Ҷͬʲ뽣ˡ
Ϊʲôս޻ڲʵ
ʵһʱȥս˴ţȡòƵսð˴ŻŲ𣿡
ս޻ĬȻ
ա
ҹδ뿪˽ڣʵϲҪΪķҪˣҪڱչء
˵ʵչصĵطûڰȫûȥǹ⣬Ҷͬݲʺϡ
˲˵أ˵ĹأҶҶֿһЩԴԼؼңԼҪҶ֪ҹδʵݵģȻϵشҶ뿪ˡҹδת˵ء
ûֱڣѡ˻ɽҰ룬Ѱһ˵ɽȣһȷ֮Żһ·
ҶͬĶһ°ȹҹδ뻻ϵȴһºȹȻһңһɴһȻԼϢһ㿪һ˿϶֮й¶ѪһЩҹδϢ̾ͱˣһʵŮʿˣ㲻˴ϢϳҶͬˡ
ƥ뿪ɽȡ
һպֹһƥڱ۶ȥ
ڻٶ͸о仯ˡһҲ跻һ裬Χ̸ۣһ˽һ£ˡ
ڵһ֮ǰķ˻Ԫʿ֮ҲЩȥˡ
ΪǰŵʧˣӪǧƵôûˡϻһôôûжˡ֮ڵįƲɵģ϶ʧʷС
ȻˣҲͲˡ
οʧȥƵɲһʧȥǧľӢšһӶϲˡ
ＫطһӴ͵״̬ʼ쳣ǿƣȱշΧźͼ壬ΪԼĸźͼ壬ÿϽԴͬģһµʱ䣬뿪ڹϽķΧ֮ڣһڲߣǾš
տʼߴŻǰ棬ûʲô˵ģɱˡ
ĸŵģڵ飬Ҿɱ
ͣߴǹϽΧ֮ڣҲҪЩźͼ鸽ҲԴ
ߴû뵽ǿƣǧĹԣǾں۸ȴû뵽ˣɱһɾ
ߴھͲˡ
ԪʿǲܳҼҲܣһԪҲܰ
һЩţڵɽšǿӲˣǲɵɽˡ͹ڴûлԪʿҪڵĻڴôף
ο
ߴƺƴ󣬵ĲҹڵĻڴĸˣܹ

ҵģ
㶼ʼˣϻʲôԣ
ʮԪʿĵʱ򣬾һ㣬°ߴҲ°˵ɱ¾Լ֣ܳǲǸŻʲô
û˸ң
ǿɲ˵ڶӦһʧҲ
ʲôδܹϲܹꣿ
ٶˣԾǶǵʲô֣ܳ϶Сԣĵʱ˴ţԪʿǿκ˳ֵġ
ˣ
㲻ҹڣȻôҲԶⰡ
Լû¶
Լ
ˣھͻɱڿԪĸҲ˺ģɱ
ߴûа취ֻóߡ
ҲھǻعⷵգˣҲ˥ˡڱQԽݣܵķҲԽݡ
ϻܹꣿ
Ҳǳ֮Ѹٵš
ΪŵĵҲҪģҪʱġڸҼ
ң
˹ڵʱڿ԰Եһ𣬶ڣʱһǣߴڳ֮Ǿڹˡûռһ̣ҪҪӪҪء
˵ͺܴˣΪҪزͬĵ̣ڵͱɢˡߴʱԼնɱĳ̵ߡ


571 
鲻ûзߴ˲ٴΣ˲ʿܵʿ
֮ھ;࣬ԶԶųܶﰵĳһпɡѰᷴɱߴڼΣռݵĵ̰Ҳʶ⣬ʱֹͣţȾӪ˵ҲռΪģԲķΧ
˵ĺССѾǿʼ˿ʼͻзչڵⲻţҪһԪƾõĻԪ򣬷֮ڵ֮䡣
ҹδ뿪˲跻ȥ
ڵѾ̲ˣԾͱǿӲǿӲţռԴչţҲһƬ죬Ҳ
ҹδомԼĿ⣬еĿŵеǰеĿ⡣
ʵҹδڵɣȻֻй¶һ˿һϢȴѾһϢŨһ¾ͻᱻ˵ɹڵʿˡ
ЩҹδˣҹδԽԽڣǵ鷴ԽڣԽ¶ģ㵱ûи֡
ǣǿҹδȻǣ߽ڣ㵡Ҫ֪ڿǿŻڴġȻûȫֻǿһ㾯ļ٣ȴܹʱκһǱڵˡûڵƣһڣ󷨵ľ
ǣҹδû
һʱ֮䣬ҹδڰڣɵۣ˭
̫ˡ
û
Ҳû

ҹδǻصԼĶźܾûлĶһʱ֮ҲΪ֮п붴ϴһȥݷöҡԼˣȻҪȼʦҲ˽һĿǰŵľơ
ݣ˽ŵľ֮ҲþǸݳ֡
ȸҷһѶ񽣣ܿһֻնҹδץס񽣣ʶĶȻŶҵĶȥ
Ŵ󿪣ҹδҲûж룬㾶ֱ߽˶ȻĿһˡ
һǶңһȸȻûмϢ纣ĸо֪˱ضϣǸŮӱضǳѩֻǲ֪ˣĸǰֵĸǸڵ˲ʶǸЩϢ˥ܡ
ݼʦҹδʩȻȸ㺬Ц
δ룬ܣλʦ棬ʦ棬ʦ棬ʦ档
ݼλʦ棡ҹδٴʩ
λŴϣ졣
ҹδ֪ˣ˵ԪһȸһǴϵ졣һֱڱչأҪԳԪʧˡ
ݼϡҹδٶʩ
ɣ
ȸº͵յ˶ҵϢ֮Щ˾͸˶ҵĶԭעҹδֻˣּ˵һ
ȸΪһҪҹδģƵĶʧҹδսսŰΨһϣϳҹδ͵ӣǱлһЩ֮󣬻ûҹδ룬ȻҪҾͲ˵ˡʱڵ˶΢΢üͷ
ҹδϢ˵ǰ֪Ŀɲһ䣬ЩһӾ͸֪ˡ
ҹδΪ˿٣ѵа
ǿааͶϾ˻Ԫ֮·;߲ԶģֻǰΪӵĺܿ졣Һҹδ죬Ҳɻ䣬ҹδ֮󣬱㼱
δ룬Ϣô£Ϲѧʲô
˵ɫҹδȻر˷һţϵϢָ̻
ⲻΪҺҶͬϢ
˶ˣ´ҹδ룺ã˿ݡôģ㣬Բ˵
ҹδ룬Լ״ԼҲҪʣԪʿ㿪ڵ
Ҫ̸λǰҲЩ̫ˡ
ʿɫһвɵġ
һһʦλǰ֪ɣ
жͷҹδ˵λҪɷһ㹹α
ɫһȸȵ㡭Ҫͻƴˣ
˶ĿƵضҹδ롣
൱ˣģҹδܵǱǴҲ̫ˡ
һЩҹδҡͷ֮ǰڸոչʱǸʱûߣΪĳԭ򣬷ĵһռ˺ܶһ˼ڹα֮󣬷ֵһ㼸ͳһųġڵһ㹹ʲôķҲᱻת
У֮ǰɱ¾ľħħұ㽫ħնȥȴȥħ壬α㽫ħؽ˷ڶ㡣αʱ򣬷ҲˣħѾαΪһ塣
Ҳ֪һ᲻ʲôӰ죿
䣬ҹδ㽫ǷŴ˵ǰ


572 
ֵվδ룬ܽȥ𣿡
Ȼ
ѾΪαȻԽˡҹδ˵һţ߸˱һ뵽֮ڡһȥɫأﻹǹء໥һۣռ仹Ǵ󰡡
ΪԪʿһӿǼαҲȥĴγɵǿҹδαɲĶСҪ֪ڷʦͻƴʱ򣬷Ŀռһšҹδ뻹Ǵ䶴Ѿʹˡ
֮½ȥ㡣Ȼֻص˴ҹδ뽫ڴ˼ˡ
ֵͰδ룬ͨ£ÿʦķǲͬġҲ֪󲿷ַʦķǵԣγɵĶҲǵԶҿŻԪɡҲ֪ĸͼģϹʱڵζ
ҹδͷֵ˵ǲʲôԵĶͨǲԵġ
ҿˣĵһ㶴ŹڶħĲֻеźͨϵķһûʲôġ
ҹδһʦ棬˼Ҳķʦ
УɵʷôʲôֵֺᷢǺǵ˵Ǽٷġ㱾ҲûʲôӰ죬źô
һ棬ķǿһ棬Ҳͨĥ־磬ڵڶ㣬ͨħĥ־ʵϵһҲĥ־ЧҲͨĲƽľ
ģַǱķʦġֻкôûл
ҹδһɣһֱĵģڷ
лʦ棡
ֵڰ֣ʲôΪˣ
ܵأ
ȻϢе֪ҹδѾܵӦܵػصģǵõ֤ʵлǴϲ
ʮܵأڰ˴Ҳ콾ҹδ뻹һ𡭡

ò˶ãǴˡ
δ룬Ҫͻƴ𣬿»Ҫٵʱɣѩʵ
ţҹδͷȻΪһ·ս˸ҵķɳ÷ǳ죬ǼʹԺûйзĴȸҹҲҪʮʱ䣬ܹĲ㶴תĶȻ󻹻㣬㻹Ҫ
ֻҪһתĶ˴ҿĲα࣬ͬʱ䣬תĶܿƽżķ֮Ի˿죬ĲαҲͼʱ䣬Ӧйϵ
ǣĹ͵һֱе·ӡÿһ޵ϵ򣬶ͬʱΪԭҲߵе·ӡÿηҲ֮ศɡ
ֵһᣬĸαתΪ
ҹδ۾һ
ΣգֵôʿʱЩԥ
һԵĿȸ뵽ʲôɼʦ塭
ֵڰ֣¶ҪδԼ⡣
ȸǳ鴤һµǸӣ𣿡
ֵҹδԴӼڸɵЩ¶ǣҲЩԥҹδϣϾǻԪʿҹδεĿ⣬ջǿڵ
Ӧ֪Ƶɰ˴Źͬ
ţ
ƵҪˣ˴ĹҲˡԺÿʮɽٰһδȣֻҪȤʿȥƵμӡи
ҹδˣԼĻԼķαڶʱΪĶ
ÿһδȿһǧܶ࣬ʵɽ˵ǳ١
Ҫ֪κξʿиԸʿˣ˻ϣԪʿЧ
˻ĴȣѡʤһǧˣϿһ£Ȼǵػ£컨£۶ꡣܵһꡣ꣬꣬ԪʮꡣҲͲʮˡȻһδȡ
ǻԪأ
ڻԪȻҲЧЧ΢ԣǻԪҲûʲôȤҪ㣬ҪȥĻ˵ʢʱڣΪÿһʿҲƴģǾһϡֻܵأΣյġ
㲻ȥҲ취ұĻԵ


573 ǰ
ȥҹδĿᶨʲôʱ䣿
ƻҪʱɡ
δ룡Ҽ㻹ǿǿǡ
ˣҹδҡͷԵݴ
ȻеģҲҹδ͡ʱ䣬ָҹδ룬ôڣһԪ˵֮ǷԪҲʶ㣬ҹδָܶ㣬ҹδǳ
һֱҹδŸ뿪
ڡ
ѩʦ֣ǿδܹߵһ𣿡
ֵ̾ϢһܹߵһҲˡĺܵģ֮ߴڻδʱ
һҹδǰƵˣҲûʲô˵ˡҶضΪߴڵжд̣ضᴦ֮죬ٸδȥĻᡣ
£δҪ֮ǰǰٶȣˣ
ǻŻãôҲܹδ룬أ
֪ȥƵĹâڲסˡ֮ǰͿǵδźܴĿԻһǰƵƵѡ֣ѡεĹУᱻߴŰơ
ߵҹδ뿪˶ҵĶȥǡǵѾ˴ڣҹδܸˣСһ£ȴûʲôҩˣǽ֮죬˼ŵ´μʦƼһ£ص˵һ£Ǵϲ˾ɢ
صԼĶһ죬ҹδͿʼչˡ
һзƹĲαϣصŶкҪ֮ǰκһζӿࡣҹδ뿪ʼ룬ĵ㽥˳
ϡ
ֵҹδ붴ķĿ˸
δķ츳Ҳܸ߰
ǰһҲͻƵ磬ûĸƱ⻹ֻСͻƣͻƴ𡣡
ԽߣԽᱻߴڹע
ûа취δ뵱ѡľͲ̣Լ·ֻܹˡ
һ졣
졣
졣
죬ҹδع㣬ĳ֣еҲ̣ΪΪһԾܵ۷壬ֻһ뵽ܵڡ
ҹδҲûгأÿճ֮󣬱ǹһĸ¹ȥ֪ͨպǰƵ
һҷ۴Ƶķȥ
ͨƵĴѾƻǰƵֻܹۡ
ɸӣͬµıʮܵʿкܶ˻ػ컨۶ʿ
ڵĻԪԪʿûμƵȡΪڵƵڵʱ򣬷ǳɾʿǶǱŷʿ˱ΣѾֹһȥƵƵϵĸ֮أǵЧѾ΢СˡΪȥĴ̫ˡ
ֻܵԼһµʿûȥ
˻ػ컨۶ʿŲȡԸĹڼ˸һʿҹδ룬ҲֻʣʮܵȴǱȫ˹
һ̱ǿӲǱǴһߵһˡʮܵȫҲˣֻøǿ
ҳҹδ룬ʮĸܵʿҲʮֿǰƵ
£ǻԵܴ
ʮĸܵĶ֮ܵʷòҪҪǶż
ҲţǣҲǴţвܹȵġܹܵÿҲǽġ
ҹδʱڸķڣԱ߻Ŷҡ
ˣʵ
ţҹδͷ
ǼϼһƲ⵽ӦûȥƵΪͶʦֶ˵Ҫռ䣬ȥԣڵߴƵʱͬƵΪ˴ڹУҲȡ˵һĿҲߴڰ㡣
㣿ҹδЩףô㣿
ͰɣһԵĶҵƵÿʮһȣȵɰ˴˵һȨ
ȷֺܶླ磬ÿ綼ʿܵ˵ɣμӴȵ˿϶һԲܲȡ̨ǵñȵʲôʱ
˴ŶԼŵڵ֮

ھΪʦõǳһԭİ˴г˳ѹߴŵĳšǳҲ֪ǹǿҿΪһռ䡣


574 
ӵʮڣÿһ϶Сռ䣬ֻСռ䣬С硣ʱǾھЩСռսÿһκ漴֡ÿһСռڻʤˣܹ뵽һڡҲ˵ֻͨʮɱһǰҲһǧ׵ˣܹ
ҹδ룺Ҳòʮأ˾ûˣʮؾͲˡ
ϾǸȥĻԵΪɱ¾Եʱ򣬰˴ھ飬ÿһع̶ʱ䣬ֻӡӵʱڣֻҪ˶ûһأȻ֡
ǣҶΪǰһǧض̵ʱڸɵ֣ǰһءͬţƶɱ֡
ˣ
Ƶ
ۻ½ҹδ븩ԽԽƵһʱ֮ип
ͶҵҲɫЩѿأгסƵڵʿӭӺͰţסҪŸʿʱ仹нһ¡
ҹδܹЩʿȻûָָ㣬Ŀ൱ָˣҲЩʲô޷ǾڳЦڡƵԭڵģȴڰ˴ˡҰ˴ɽ翪ţЩʿߴڵ飬û˼ڵ飬ڣֻʣ³Цˡ
ʿɫÿҹδֱסԼķ䡣ЩʿҲûжʶġرܵʿͲͻƵģһֱҶͬսԸͲ졣ǶЩ˻ػʿв졣ѾܵЩʿԭ飬ж˾η
ԣҹδҲֱڷڱչˣĹ㡣
ʵϣʿҲٴţϾҪɱˣһԼڷ̿һ˿ΪͶһ˿ϡ
ʱܿĹȥƵʿԽԽ࣬Ѿнˡ
һա
ҹδ˷⣬ǴȵĿʼȴҹδΣ˻ʿȿʼ˻ʿҲˣмʮˡҹδЩܵʿԶԶվŹۿҹδҲܺ棬һʲô
г˸ߴڵʿ
һۿеİ˸ˣҹδһɡ
˸ֻиһԪʿʣµ߸ǵԪʿ룬ߴڸֻʣһԪʿȷʵţҲҶߴΡ
Ҳ
ҹδ۾Ȼ̫ˡҹգ˸һǹ⣬ͬҹеǳһǹ⣬һСռ䡣ʱƯڿСεһ⻪ţŵϣѾ׼õļʮ˻ʿ˹ȥЩʿ㱻˵һ֮С
һϵĵǹϿռ䣬ȻγһĻÿһĻֳһСռڵһС
͹
ߴڵĵԪʿҲһҲŪè壬ᣬߴڵʿ˹ҪҲˡ
ŹĻеʿѾʼҹδ΢΢һüͷ
ԼҹδҶͬȫǶԵģҶͬսʱԼֻý󣬲ûĵ򣬻ᱻЩϳ
ڱҹδѾ׼ˣŸṩġ
һн
ҹδ뿴һŶͼ
ÿСռڵսܲңȻҲвҵģͬű䵽һռ䣬ѱ䵽һռ䡣ؿһڵʿڵĿռ䣬ʿԲͬŶֵʱ򣬶Էƴ֡ڵҲˣɱûԡѪҹδһӾ֪ڱˡ
ߴڲûֻγɵһĬ
һԪʣµԪҲûжɻƵˣ˭ܹڽ¡ֺߴڣȥֺ
ķûʲôԹģ
Ϊ棬Ż߼ҲΪ棡
ÿһСռֻӵʱ䣬һʱ䣬ͽ˱ƴۿʿϵ˷ܱˣ˼ء
һʮʿ໥ɱʿɶ˻ʮ֮һ˵ġνΪң˭Ҳ˵ֵԼʱ򣬾ܹų
ǻһǧʿ̱㱻ػĴҲʼػʿҪ˲٣ɱɲҡ
Ͷˮҹδ붼ܹڱˣο
ԭΪǿƴɱһǿƵؿʼչ̣ӦڼɵŽڵļ󣬵ûˣӱԡ
Ǵƣ


575 ֵ
ʱ򣬸ͶҲӦ˹
˵УڵѾǴƣںϵǿƣֻܹƹˤĻعⷵգûΪڻḴˡ
ִ£βڣ
˻һɱڵʧ󣬼֮ʿ÷Žĵػʿһ̬Щʧ⣬룬̬ȥֻĸࡣ
ҹδվڶҵߣſа˸ʿȻ߸ԪȥǸڵѹĺǿ·ʱᱬһ롣߸ϲȥǸ˼ҲˣЦⶼ˳
δ룬ڡһ̣̬Щʧ⣬ܹ뵽һƵ֮У
һʿˣһӰΪԶ¾һվ֮󣬹̺ͽȥյӣܹյҲյʺõĵӡ
ڵʵϲ㣬˵ûжɻǻܹܾãһʵϲ㣬ҲͲԶˡ
ʦҲȫǻ£ҹδһҲǲá
ͱοʦˡ̾Ϣһѵк²ɣ
ҹδֻۣҪܹģⷬϴضΪŵľӢ
Ҳͷ˵òһҪˣضҪѪϴ񡣲ѪϴѪϴбֻǿ̣ʵʹ
ҹδû˵ֻǻͷ
δ룬ںܵ㡭
õң
ţҲҪ⣬ߴڻвĸֵġοÿսضƴʿĻܴ󡣱ǿҲἫΪΣաϾֻһܵ۷壬вܵԲ
ؼǡ
Ҵܣ㻹ýӰʵ
ҹδҲصصͷüëһĿֿһڵĵػʿɱˡһ˻ȣھ˲٣ȻҲвһʿųǻȴֻжʮһӴ˻˵ʵ̫ˡػֱԣ̬ȥܹ˻١
ҲҹδԤĲ࣬ڵػʿ˳һ룬ֻõʮ˸
ֵ컨ҹδĿһ˴磬ĸǹ⡣ѾͻƵ컨ԲŵЩԴټǵʺÿ˶Ϊ˸ŵĺĵӡ
ҹδ뿴һһľͷˡʵǿһҲûбԣӦò飬Ϳܲؿһ˳ͬţҲȫ֣ɱ˲ʿʵӦܹ
һҹδ뷢ʵ֮ҲƴҲûֻ֣Ǹڰˡ
ϾԵƾʲôã
Щʿ֮ҲжԹʮֲҡ
컨Ƚž䣬۰ԺǹⶼȴֻǻʮһԶԶߴڡ
ֵ۶ҹδĿһĻѰңȻҵ˶磬һֶʵҲǿӦҲû⡣
ôУŷḻԴ˵ʵ۶ʿУҲڶǸ档
Ȼֻǻ
δ룬ֵˣ
ţ
ĿɨʮܵҲˣҲͲ˵ˣǽȥ͸ɱҪ֡
ǣ
ҹδʮܵڵĶ߳·ۣܵʿҲˣܵɽܹܵʿˡ
ȺΧ۵Ȼž䣬۰ԺǹҲҹδ롣ʵϣҲ໥ˣֻǴɸڸԵУû໥ϡʱǵĿⶼԼͬҹδ룬¶֮ɫ
ǲ֪ܲڵʿˣû໥ϣһִγɵĬĬڡÿһʿˣƴȫԼ򲻹ڵʿҲʿͣγһʱĬ֮ǰļɱУŲûз
˵ͬţѣǸо˴ʵƴ֮£ܾˣҲγһĬ߸ɴ򶼲򣬱˴˵Ϣָӵӣ·֡
һжʿڣߴڶڿţ㲻ʿƴⲻһ˵飬ᲨԼڵļ壬šԼļűᱻߴԣԼļųܲ


576 콾֮
ֻܹƴ´򲻹ʿǵĲ֮£ҲἫʿڵʿǿһһرȥ֮󣬾ͻһɱ֮ǰֵ֮ô࣬ôġ
ǲǵļ
£
ΪƿصΧ̫СΪĵķԲǶڵΧڡ
žβҹδ룿
֪ҹδǿܹŹ֣
žܹ뵽ģҺ͸벻
ҲܵģϾΪ˵ʮܵҹδΪֻͣܵء
߿еĸ̾һһĵһͷųĻ·Ͻܵʿ֮С
߿еߴҲŸףܹ֪ġдʱҲԥԥһҹδвԼҪҪף
ҹδһԼһռڡ
ռǿ֮УϷǹ㣬˿ռ䣬µĴȴǺɫģܼӲȴһƬĺڰ
ҹδһ뵽оһ㶡
ΪоԼȻһֺռʮ׽ĸ֪ǳתһ˿˿
⡭
ҹδһ֡
ǳһ𱻷ֵģӦʦ淢ʱһġ
˵һֱҲһǳı
ֻһ˲䣬ҹδͽע˶档һʿ
ʶ
ʿ
ʿҲϳҹδ룬ֻܵʮˣЩӵĬܵȻͽҹδʮ˵ģסаһùҪƴˣҹδ˹
ϣ
ҹδһֱ̳ͷųԼѹ׵֮һ
𽣾ƣ
˵ǸʿۿЩʿоĻƺһǳײǸʿǸʿ㱻ƽ飬ǰ󲻵ʮ֮һϢʱ䡣
߿еߴԪĿⲻɱҹδ
ҹδоǰһ㱣Ȼָֻ֮ǰľ󡣵֪ԼǱ͵ĵڶڡΧһۣûж֪֡Լǵһڶڵġȵһеڶʤʿ֣ͱ䵽Լռ䡣
ͼƻõĲԣͬţ˾ֻܹӿԼصٶȣڵʿûʵԼģֻҪԼ죬Ͳͬŷ䵽һռ䡣ȻҲ֪ԼôĳأıضǿܵҺܿܶߴڵܵ콾ܵжߴÿеĵһ
ߴڵĵһжǿ
㲻ܵԲҲضܵڣҹδֻܵءЩ콾һҲֻЩ콾ܹ鴦Լǳǿʲô̶ȣ
Ӧʦƾʲôѹһʱ
Ҫ֪ɽҲֻҹδܹǳҪԼǲҲܹΪѹһʱˡ
֪ڶֻʲôʱռԼǳżĸЧҲҾʹȫ򣬷ֳһƾעΧȻʼ
ӡ
ռֲҹδĿȥһʿǰ
ʿ
һϳ˵ķΣ淢־Ȼһʿбֳɱ⣬˸ûн˲͸ʩɱ֡
ƣ
䡭
ϵײֻһʽײҹδ֪ԷһܵԲʿҲͨϵܵԲҪ֪ԼֻܵһأͿԺܵ۷ҶභܵأȫѹҶܵ۷壬ǴԲܵԲԼȻ΢·硣
Ȼŵ콾
ĵʿʮ־ҹδ룬ֻҪ˫һ֣ӶֵϢϣܹ֪ԷӦþһܵػصʿȴܹסԼȫһ
콾
콾
ھȻ콾
Ǿ͡ɣ
ʿҵҹδ빥ҹδŲƣƣͬʱͷ¡
һ˸ǹĵ¸ҹδŲƼеĳּ̳䱬ѡȻҹδ·磬ǶԷȴڶʱҹδûа취
ǱδһߺҹδɱһϤǱĹɡԷĵֻҪϤһЩǸʱնɱҹδ̡֮
߿еߴԪü֮䶼ֳЦݣǵ۽;飬ܹ˶ȫ಩û֡£ҹδ·硣ҹδܹӵʱ䣬ҲضҹδϵˣҹδյѾעɡ
ο
ҹδδֵܹӣǶܹʿϤҹδĵ켣ֻҪһɣʿնɱҹδĿܡ
һ׷ŵǸԪʿϲֳһ콾


577 
ͬϲͬϲλŲҲ𣿡
ɫǻԪҲܲߴԪ˵Ŀ⿴ƽȴ佹ǵĿҹδǿĻߴԪ
ҹδɣ
ţںܵ͵չأǰȴû뵽ʵ
ϧˣ
ǰ
ͷŵһ˭𣿡
ûУǵûмӦҹδġܹ˵һ콾ǿϧˣ
һʽҲǿĵˣֻͷһʽ
Ǿ鲻㰡ҹδȻ콾ʺԣһֱȱֻ֪Լǿĵȴ֪ᱻĹ켣
̫ˣ
̫ûоˣ
֮һӵʱѾȥռڣ콾ѾЦѾЩǱĹ켣
ϣ
һǱϮʿһĳХ
Χ۵ʿӦԲͬǶ֪ҹδΣˣһĳХгţҲɱ⡣
ϣϡ
ͻȻһܼĽϣ˵콾ХǳźɱĳХȻֹĽͻȻܼĽ⣬ͬٻʢ⽫ȫû飬Ѫ˲䡣
Χ۵ʿѻȸ˵ߴԪǸһĴ㵡
˵ʵ֪ҹδĽȴû뵽ҹδ˽󣬻Ϭǿĵ
ܹһʽܵĵѾǷëˡοǶˣҹδϻһǹĵ£ҲڴУҹδġ
ԭΪܹĵѾҹδļޣȴû뵽ҹδչֳһǴδĵ
Ƕûпʲôʱҹδͷŵģˣͬڲ֪ӣȻͻȻѿʢ
ǿ
ҹδڹĻϱ䵭ٳѾڵڡڽ뵽ڵ˲䣬Ϳ˶һʿ
ʿ
ȻǿĻǰ˴ڵʿ
˲䶼ϳ˶ԷݣαŶԳ壬ͷųǿĵ
ҹδͶԷĿͬʱһ˶ֱ˴֮ĵҹδһǣԷһƣƶܼĽ⹹ʱ佫ҹδͷŵǿŴ֣תĥһܡĥһǵܣȻܹѹԷ
ǡ
䡭
Ǳˡ
ֱӸûˡ
ν㶼ڹۿĸߴԪĿⶼ΢΢һע⵽ˣν˲䣬ҹδĳ··һ¡
ٴɱһҹδŲƺǱα˵ߴԪˣΧ۵ĺܶʿܹҹδʶشǸʿһһ֮ǰһǸطһǸʿڲ֪УԽԽǸط
ڵĵԪɫʮѿֳ֮ɫ֪ͨԼŵӡȻ̲ס̾һΪǸʿѾҹδ뵱ֵĵط

ľ֣
ϡ
ͬǧ滨ҫĿʿľбʳ촷ۡ
ں͵ڵĵԪʮʹ˶صӣͻƻԪϣġȴҹδĽ¡еɱⶼڲסԪһɱ
Ľڡ
ûҹδȴʱ䣬ڵҲ֮һӵʱ䣬ߴڵĶ콾Ҳʱܹɵ֡ʵҹδٶһֱڵһšȻ㿪ͬţȴһֱߴڵĶ콾
ڵĽڵĿռ˴µ콾ʵҹδûǰʹù֣û˻뵽ֹصĵţгȥԺÿԼɱʿطԼһʽΪǶڹĻпˡǣеʿȴû˿ҲȻû֪
ǣµ콾ܵһˣҲҹδ˲֮һӵʱˡ
ߴԪɫΪѿǵںʹ£ĸԪҲʮԼŵ콾Ҳᱻҹδʵ̫ȱˣһԱӡ
Ȼҹδֿ˲ɽڣں̵ŵܵ콾ߴһƽ̵ܵԲ
ʱߴԪƽλܵԲϣ֪ƽ̵ܵǻᱻҹδҲϣƽ̵ܵԲܹùƳ潫ҹδҲ


578 
ԴӿҹδĹĻʼһֱŵһֳһ˿Цݣÿҹδһߴڵ콾ϵЦݾһ˿
ֻЦݵıҲžȺ͡
֪ҹδǿĴս͵콾󣬶һܹȡòƵսû뵽ҹδ˽֮ĽҲǿû뵽ҹδ뾹Ȼ˽
ҲֹһҪÿһǿ
ľȣͬʱл͡
ԭлЩģҹδᱩ¶Լȫĵƣ¶ǿʺ츳ȴû뵽ҹδѡֿԷֶΡ˾ԻߴšΪҹδֶֶֻΣǵ콾ǰ֪ҹδֿ˵Ľߴŵ콾Բ˾ͻ͹ҹδʵ츳ԡ
ȻƵ֮ߴҲض´ҹδıɱزɳָ߳ҹδܶΪĴʿһβɳʿȻɳҹδ˵ҲǼΣգǱĽ֣ҲɳʿΣԽ˺ܶࡣ
ɱߴܵ츳Եʿϣ
ԪͲ˵ˣߴϣͻʿˣߴʵͣ˶ڵѹȻҲͻ١
ô֣ܲ
ǣʱϵЦʧˣɫأŽǡ
Ϊγҹδƽ̵ܵԲ
ҹδſ˵ֶΣƽҲУǹƳҹδ˵ֶθӹأ˷ʤ
ҹδ֣֪֮ǿġƽ̵ĹƳ棬û˲֪ʿƽ̵ʿУΪƳ̫أʤ
ҹδܹһ
ʱĻУҹδѾͶԷɱһҹδ벻ɱ֮ˣȴ֪ںߴУɱԷͻᱻԷɱԣһƣȻν䣬㲼֡ͬʱоŶײԼϣϵĽɱ
Ƴ棡
ҹδоһݣԼ£Ҳܹûκη϶رԼԷͷŵĹƳɱ
ܹоǹƳӲʮǿ󣬴͸ҲʮǿԼ£ֻ֣¾ԵסǹƳ棬ԼʱѾйƳ棬ǳΪԷĿܣǱԷɱ
ȻΪԼȻ֪ǹƳʱ֣
ֻеǹƳײԼ£Լܹо
̫ˣ
ʱƽ̵Ǹʿɫ䣬ԼĹƳ澹ȻԷһ¸ɱˡȻıƳ棬Ҳû顣
ԥǷԼıƳ档
ƳҪƳǿ̫࣬ſܴ͸Էǿĵ£ԷڡҲſܱԷĵ½ɱ
ϾԷֵһμҽɱ֮ǰͷųȥĹƳʮסԼıƳҲɱԼͻˡζʲô
ζűҹδնɱ
ԣǳԥҲûиͷűƳ棬Σʱ̣ͷűƳ档ʱԼںͶԷɱĹУռЩƵġ˾ûбҪðƴԼӦԾԵʵѹҹδ룬ʹҹδ¶¶һɲǣԼñƳʱ̡
䡭
ƽʿʱùƳ棬Լʵҹδ빥ѹҹδ룬ҹδ뼫ѹڹĻУйۿʿܹҹδڱѹƵԽԽԽԽ󡣵ȴûһ˿ƽ̵ʿ϶ֳ̾Ϣ֮ɫ
Ǹ߿еĸҲųһ˿Цݡ
˭ܹƽʿĴ㡣
ռƣֺαضñƳ棿
ؿһƽ̵ĵԪʿڵĵӻǽ
ƽ̵Ԫɫˮ
д
û
ƫƫֳ£Ǵġ
ϣ
Ļͬǧ滨ƽ̵ܵʿ貵Ľбʳ촷ۡ
ϳͷų˲õЦݡ
ǷЦ
ž䣬Ȼ۰ԺǹվڸԵʿȺУϲ¶ЦݣͬŶһأֻð˫սǿеϲãԼȫϵļŤ
ʦ֣Աߵʿοž䣺ˣҪʹΪɱǸҹδ롣
ţžɫĵͷ
˿ɫȻɵۣԭһΪʦʦֲԸû뵽ʦΪʦֵ˱ߡ
˼ϧȻʦΪʦ֣ʦʺ츳׷ʦ顣
ʦ㣬ڰ
ȻĿţ


579 ı
ҹδĵڰ˽ڣֽȻм㣬ԼնɱߴڵĵһܵʿӦûôڰ˽ڣҲϥֻǾųɾĿռһɾעſռĲ
߳ս߳սӾϽԾս
ٶսܵԲǿ˶ԷÿһսĹּ̺̣ܶҵսҹδ˵Ҳ١
һӡ
ӡ
ӡ
ҹδΪڿٵػָһϢôʱ䣬ϲķ֣ϢָٶȾȻ죬ʮࡣǳֱ̫ˡҶҲһٶ֮ǰãĵطһȻʣ·һ˫֣ϵΪƿһ硣
Ϊڿܵص۷壬ڿܵصٽ㡣
ˡ
ռ𶯣ҹδ˫ۣ˶ֵʿĿⲻ˸һ¡
ڣս޻ڣ
⡭
ս޻ڵĹϵ治ս޻ڵӡҲܺáЩɱԷҲ֪ԷԸ񣬾ԲԼ顣
޻
ϣ
Ȼսһʼս޻ھͷųԼǿҹδҹδ˸ģ̡
Ųơ
ջǾɱս޻ڣս޻ڵʵԲҹδս޻ڵĽ̫Ϥˣ֪ڹĻУ㿴ս޻ڽ纣һɾκˡҹδ㣬ȴܷ׻
һʿŹĻڵĳһĴ㵡
ӦҹδƣȻ͵͵֣ս޻
ڶˣ
ⶼһˣôڴ
Ҳûмҹδ벼֣
еߴԪҲһĴ㵣Ȼüͷ
ȴǷЦ֮ǰҹδߴ콾ûзЦǴʱȴЦÿ
ߴԪɫʮѿҲˡ
ҹδǹģؿɱߴھ콾Ȼʿˮ
ףԲźڰﹴˡ
ⲻıҹδı
һȷ˵ս޻ڣг˱¼Ӱҹδս棬֪ҹδɱߴڵľ콾
ս޻ڻô룿
Ҳо裬оҹδûаһĶ֡
Ҳս޻ַӣпܻ뷨أ
Իмҹδ롣
ڱû¶üԣǳҹδԼоԻסҹδεĶ顣ΪҹδˮЩ˾ˡ
ǼסҹδĶ飬Щ˵أ
Ҳᵱ£ҲҲһ˿ѷ죬һ˿֮ǰڵѷ죬ԺҲɻߴڣ֮ǰǳʮڻʮ
ߴôԴЩҹδˮţ
ǷҪǺҹδ˽½飿
ǷҪţ
Щʿţ᲻Ầߴڻǣ
֮䣬˶ߴںЩ֮Ĺϵ֮ĳһ˿ѷ졣
ı͵ĽȴǳĶˣ
ҹδڽٹڷˮһЩʿ֮ɱˣ͸˹ϵ
ŮɱߴԪжֳɱ⡣
ڵˣҹδս޻ڱ䵽ͬĿռ䡣
ʵϣҹδûıûôֻ࣬ǵزɱЩԼϵˣ뵱ҶͬսҲкܶϧҲɱˣرڶԷ֪£ҹδоԼħ
Ȼڽĵжԣҹδ벻֣ҹδ벻ɱ
ԣڽһռ䣬ԼʶϧʿҹδͷˮʶȻʶҲûϧˣɱ
ߴԪ޵ֱҧ
Ȼˡ
Ȼա
ˮһЩɱһЩߴںЩ֮ġ
Ů
Ů̫Σˣ츳Ļη壬ɳһȸ˵ܹάȥӲдȥ
ٳһ

ҹδڽɱкɣɱɱ÷ŵķţԼȫԸ£Ҳߴڵ߸һЩѹŵʿܵԲҲռžԵơҲ˵ǳڻʵϣҲѹŵ콾
ҲĴҲںͲͬʿıУ̬֮£ǳټж棬Ȼͻˡ
սͻƣͻƵܵأߴԪеɱʢ


580 ѹһʱ
ֻڷˮĹУҪʱ䣬ҹδ벢ûлõһֻǻ˵һٰʮҹδ벻ںЩֻҪǧھͿԡ
г㿴˵ĿⶼԼϣҹδ벢⣬ŹĻֱǱȻĽ
ĿѸٵȺȻһҲ
ʮܵʿֻˡ
ҹδ١
ʮܵʿȫС
ԣʵǿᣬҲˣǿûǳлÿٵĲ䡣
ܵԲ٣Ҳһ˺ۣϢǺϢȴܹоһɷ
˵ɱѰٵ
ʮֻܵʣܵ˵ʵϲˣкܱʹǿҹδ٣лЩο
ſҹδ벻˵ٺܿϾܹͻ
ҹδгûۿĻֱӻصԼפҸҹδٰסŵĶҾڶ֮Ϊ˻
ŵϣ
պ
ˣȥ٣Ȼأȴû˵һµʱ䣬ȫܹȬҹδĶ
δ룬Ժ鷳ˣߴڻᶢ㡣ҹδĶ棬дǡ
ҹδ΢Цֻջĵһʱ䣬ҲܲΣգ
һӽŵĴУԴеãܲΪף
Цƣ
ҹδΪ裬ҹδ㻹һʱ䣬ܹһ׼Щʲô
ҹδ룬һʱѡһĵ㣬Ѿ˴ʱˣһʱ䣬ȫܹ㹹ϡȻһʱ˵ܹȫĶһٴﵽԲ״̬
һѡʱȷ¹ѡԼŸΪҲԼܹΪܵԲ
ʦ棬Ǹܹȥ𣿡
ɫһǶЧ
ҹδ룬Լ˵ѾΪһ壬ЩǲҪģ
ǣ
ô᣿ȵұ˽ȴ֪Ч
ΪĲǳ
ʲôһץסҹδֱۣ˵ʲô
˵ΪĲǳ
㡭ǳ
ţҹδͷ
ôܣɫ˽㣬Ҳȥ˽㣬Ǵ˽ģûǳ
ҹδ㽫Լ˵˵˸ͣ꣬þòԡ죬ǽӲϻһ㼤Ѹٵɢó죺
ǳ˵ڣõǳܹ
ǣ
˼ֻʾѵ˲ܹǳ֮ǰ˲ǳΪʲ
ԣ
̫ˣ
վڵ߶òѣͣ
ֲõʦӦܹھһѹʱԭǳԭ򣬻˼ҵʺ츳ѡˡ
ĿƵضҹδ룬Ŀȵ÷·ܹҹδڻ
˵ֻܹԻͣѹһʱ
⡭Ҳ֪
ܣһܣҹδ룺УܹѹЩܵԲûмʦ棬ʦ浱Ҳһ㡣
У
Ҫȥʦֺʦ㣡
ʦ棡ŸתҪߣҹδεǰס䣺²ҵ츳ܲˡ
ԶԣһţǻԪʿ˲Ҳ侲츳ñ֪Ѿߴڵжд̣֪ܹǳǻɳԪʿɱ㡣
ף
ԣ϶ףҶ֪ǺǵЦѾȫ侲㷽˵Ҫ
ԣЧ
ǻʲô˵ģʲôʱãʲôʱá
ǡҾ͵Ȼص֮ٽ
ţȽϺã
ϲҹδ뷵֮һʱͲ뿪ţԼԪȫ⡣ҹδţȥҲ֪ҹδӣǲܵġ̾Ϣһ
ʦ棬Ϊ̾Ϣҹδ벻⡣


581 
ǲǻҪ뿪ţ
Ҫȥġ㷴Ӧ˹ҲǻҶͬ
Ҳǣ
΢ģַܶ飬뿪ҹδĶվҹδĶ⣬Цϵɫʮƽèץӣ̷ţϢֵ߰ͳѩ֪СһҺŲȥ
ҹδչˣ
ÿ㽫󲿷ֵʱ䶼˹㣬ľѾɷʱ䣬ٶȸ졣ÿҲܵΪһƽȵٶ
ֻܵΪԲ繹ٶȿ죬ÿӡĵӡ죬ڵϵĵӡһ˿˿ӣٶȣҹδ֪ԼҪʱ⣬ܹﵽܵԲ⻹ΪԼǳٶȻ
ɱҲһ˿˿ȻٶȺҹδȴѾ⡣ͨ˵ǸܵġֻдﵽܵԲŻ;дĥ򣬲ʱ䡣ҹδھѾʼʱ䡣Ѿ˰˳ɣʱҲɡ
Ȼʱ䣬ĿǰʵûʲôǶδȴżΪҪİ
һʮ¹ȥ
ʮ£ҹδû뿪һ
ƵҲʮּžûлʿѾߡʿҲڶܹϻøࡣ
˻ʿ뿪ˣȻǵػʿ뿪ˣ컨ʿ뿪ˡ
һա
ҹδ빹˷һαɡ
ˡ
صҹδĶ۶ȻΪֻһαĹɹƲ󣬵αɣԭ൱ܵľ磬ĶܵĵϣЩϿʼҹδķ
ǣҹδ벻ֻһ㹹ϣǹ㣬һϣȻӦӦĲҲͬһʼյϣڼ֮ҹδյϵٶȻӣƵϵĵͬĶк
ʱҹδĵҲӦӦ
ˣҹδڵĵҲܵΪͷľ൱ȻҲʼյϣڵӡҹδ붴ĵϸˡЩϵ֣ҹδڵ֮УȻӿٶȣʹϵ˺һ㣬ҹδĶû
ϵӿƵʿע⣬ʵϵֵЩ
ߴԪĿҲҹδĶ֪һǵϵľ̶ȣ֪ܵ磬ֻҲЩˡ
ֲҹδܹնɱߴڵܵ콾ҲδؾǿԼ콾ҹδʵҲֵӡ
ϸϸӦҹδҲܵصΪ뵱ҹδУսͻƣǸʱʱܵءȴܹߴ콾ܵԲУֻ΢·磬󻹿Լ콾
˵
ߴԪмһ£ҹδܵصʱ򣬻ʵӦ൱ܵˣܵؾ൱ܵ۷塣ͻƵܵأǾӦ൱ܵԲˡ
ͻƵܵأ
ǿ൱ˣ

ܵһˮ룬ʵ⣬൱ӦҲ൱ڰ벽ˡ
˻
Ůһ콾㲻Ǿ콾ҲԼŵЩ콾츳ҪáһˣͻûģһϣճɾͻԪ
һ̣ߴԪжɱǵУҹδѾˡڼľǣӦɳʲôɱҹδ롣
ҲӦܵ϶С

ڶУڣڡ
һ졣
졣
졣
ηͻƾҪʱҹδܵΪͻƵܵأɢƵĵٴܼ
֮󣬵ɢȥҹδΪܵسڣܵΪ໥ҹδģһ꣬Ķ
ȶΪҹδ뿪ӭ˸Һ١
ٺҹδ໥ӣӶԷϸ֪ӴȻоԼǵڣҲδҹδĶ֡ҹδҲϸ֪һ˿ϢΪ˶ոͻƣܹԼϢ
Ͷ洺磬ȻƵأֻʣǰܵʿٺܿͻͻҹδǰ;˵гϲ
ͬʱһУߴڵߴԪҲۣɱҹδ롣
ɱҹδ룬ȡ


582 
һҪҹδ뿪ڡǱģƵϵıˣڴƵڵ;ҲˣΪŸĴڣֻܹصȴȴҹδص֮󣬴ڳʱ
ǿǲ̽ڣҹδһ뿪Բӹǵļӡ
ڶ˭ʲôȥɱҹδ롣
۵ľǵڶ
ڵĵԪɳһΧɱҹδ롣˲ͬ⡣
Ѿڸŵĸ߲ˣֻһȥɱҹδ룬⻹˵ùȥǸųһߴȥɱһܵ
Ҫ
˾ãҹδʵǺǿҲǸԼ콾һĻᡣоɳߴܵԲΧɱҹδ룬ܹﵽĿģܹԼʿĻᡣҲ˼ҵķԡǿҲɱҹδĻֻһΣһһɱ˵ҹδͶڲˡ
һ죬մ˹ʶÿɳһһصʿͿˡӸѡһص콾ߴΧɱҹδ룬ҹδˣһܹһ̶ĥԼŵ콾
ߵҹδԼĴ״ջǾӣҹδ밴ͰȶԼΪȵϢΪս
һա
ҹδ뿪˶Ϊ۶ʿܵʿӡ
ҹδٸŸͶķȥҹδ뻹ûмҲʮֺ档
Ҳɱ𾪵ſ͡
һΰ
ĴͬһǱĸֱ֮һƲ֮Ͽɢʢ͹ӵϢ
ֻվĸܹоԼĵԾ
һʿЩ۶ʿҹδĿⶢһˣѰȻ
ĿһȻҲûһ𣬷·ʶˡҹδ׵ؾ͸֪˶ѾͻܵΪϵϢ̫ȣһ֪ոͻƲãϵϢûб
ĵԪĿʮ⣬ŵһ콾
ƽ̵ĵԪȻҲ¶ϲȻƽ̣֪Ȼһ콾񿴵ͻܵи⣬Ҫһҹδ룬ҲδȻʤǸҹδ롣
ҹδͶ㣬Ŀ⽻һ£Էֿ۶ʿܿ뿪ÿ˵϶˷ܵЦݣһǻǳ̾ϢȻܹЩ۶ʿǳԱһƵڵܻصʱЩʿҲν뵽ûЩʿõࡣ
ǵƵЩʿԲ෴ǣЩʿЩڵʿԻߡΪʲôջ񷴶أ
ڵĸˣΪƵķʽΪܻأ±¶ƵܶʿһӶû뿪ƵûоûСûоʿǸһٺõʥأܹ٣
Ŀⲻҹδϣ⼫ĵӣѡǶԵġ
һǧܵʿʼϷȥҹδٲСҸոյ͸оһ˿ѹѹԽϣѹԽ
˴ұ㶼֪ˣҪԼȫʵǣʵǵԽߣԽܼԽסҴҲףȻȴʿЧôЩܵʵǵˣЩʿΪʵβ룬ô֦ҶïرǶԼĵʿΪԼ϶ܹʵǸõĵطûбҪطԣҵٶȶ죬໥ӣҪԼʵܹһǧʲôΡ
Ȼʵһ߶ȵʱ򣬾Ϳʼ˲ˣѹ£ʼѡܵʿѾʼ˴òͣʼԱߵ֦ȥѰԼ֦Ҳʮִִʮ˶ϱˡ
һ¼ˢһʿԽʵǣˢʿԽ࣬ʵǵʿԽࡣ
ȹƲ㣬ʣµʿѾһٸˣٿԵҹδ룬вֳ֮ɫܹʵǣΪѾﵽͻٽ㣬Ҳ˵Ѿȫͨ͸޹ﵽʷľ磬ֻҪӡϣʿҹδ벻ǰ
֪ҹδֻܵأܹʵǵʿĸܵأ۷Բ
̤̤̤
ʮ˼ʵǣʵǣɼֱһСƽԭһ㣬һٶ²ܹϱ߶Ǵִ֦һżΪŵҶͬɡһ㡣ڼҲͬһĳӣʹһѣо޴ĺնɱ


583 
ʱ󣬻ڼʵǵ˾ʣ˾Ÿˣֹȥ˰ʱʣ˰˸ˡҹδҲо˴ﵽԼļޣѾ΢Ƶף֪Ϊ̫ܼԭ򣬱ͣ
ʦ֣ҾͲټǰˡ
ãǾʹ˱
߸˵ӰҰʧҹδ۲һΧڼжӦϡ
ƵôãȻʮ˽⣬Ȼ֪Щء
һ·ҹδһ֦Ӷȥ߶ֻһˣǲ˺ط˴ԼӣͣԼ֮⣬һ
γɣΪִ֦һݵĿӣȻ۵ˮγɣǱĵϺһء
ǣҹδȴʮСģΪ߹٣ҲԸ޵ΣգЩ޵ܿڵֻһʮͨĳӣʲôϣһһճΪǿޡ
ǲЩޣҲǸʿһĥԼĻᡣ
Ǻˮʮ峺ž뿿ܹһۿס
ȻͿһѾ˽ǣǻûצѾŻơ
ҹδ벻ϲܹޣʵ϶ﲻﵽͻһʺԼĵطҲ˵ʵӦúԼࡣ
ǸҲҹδ룬ܳ˺棬ҹδ뷢һҹδ룬ĵ̡
ҹδγ˳˹ȥŭһҹδ³һڷУʱͬ籩ҹδ˹ܼķкХ
£
ҹδǹ£趯֮ͬ衣
ˮǺӡ
ϡ
е棬©˼УҲ׻⣬жȻһ飬ңңǺˮһ̣Ȼٱ䣬һʽƴ˳ȥ
䡭
ҹδǾһ˫ʮϢҹδζȻˡ
ϡ
ܼĽǧ滨
֣
Ǿ㷢һƬ׷ױ飬Ѫ˳ҹδһʽǺӴ̳ǺӱƶϣǾ棬ͻ䡣Ǿ
ս̫ˣ
ǼĺҰ𰡣
ҹδ̾һ㽫
ף
ᵽ˷ҷζĿⲻ˾ϣѪɢζûһ˿ѪζżΪҷζƢ
ҹδ֪Ǻö޵ѪԭƷҪϣҹδȡһרЩѪһȻǾս˴ָϸһΧ״ûΣգ߽˺ˮУϥſ顣
ֻ˲䣬ҹδо͸ֳϲ̫Ͻ֮УܿЩԻ󲻽İͿʼһҿҹδһȡһ̳ӣӴеһ̳ӾѪȻһڡ
ڷҷ
Ȼͷ֣ԼٶȻһ
ö
ҹδ뿪ʼ뵽֮УʱغһߵѪķαʼת¶ķƣؿʼ䵭αռ룬Щȫ뵽֮УҲЩƣαתĶҲҹδͻƴһ̡
ͬʱҹδдҲڷɿܵΪҲһƽȵٶܵ۷ƽ
һ¡
¡
¡
ҹδķĲ㳹ת˶ĲǰϵģҲǵһɴˣҹδ˴ľ硣
شȻҹδۣԭҹδ˵ʮŨܵĵϣһ±øӳܣܵҹδ붼оЩϢҹδ붼һԼǲǻһط½һ£ᱻܵĵϸ
˲ͬҲΪϱóܣʼˡһ̣Լ徳ֿʼˣٶȻܿ졣
ԭԴɽ֮ʷȻʱҲʮֻͬţһ㡣ڵٶȴ÷ɿ죬ǳܵĵϲϵϴ壬ͨ͸޹
ͬʱĲΪͻĵϣҲҹδٶٶһ̨ףȻ屻ܵĵӵúܣǵõʵȴʵʵڵġҹδֻͣҪԼܹһ˿ͣͼ뿪
һ졣
졣
졣
ͻƵЧڹȥˣѾɢƣûеҹδһܵͻƵܵءһ£ԭҪɢȥĵһγֹȥ죬ǳܵĵϲɢȥָˮƽ


584 
ҹδڴڵĺоԼӱ״̬˹㼱æԼڵ״̬ȼıԼķ
ĲѾȫһ뵽Ĳ㣬۲һֵĲ㾹Ȼɽǳʲôͬﻹûǰʻûɽɭƽԭԭȵȡ
һ̣ҹδ˽԰˵ﶼɷɣб㷺һͷɽȵȣԼǲǿ÷Ȼת
ҹδ׼ԺԣȻαܹתĶôδؾͲתɴȻķ羰
ҹδӵĲ˵һ㣬Ϊһҹδڶα͵ĲʱҲҡ
˵һ㣬ϸϸӦҹδ¶ЦݡԭһҲò¾ܹתΪĲתɣĵϸ࣬Ȼ˵һתҹδ뿴Լһµʱ䣬һҲܹתĶˡ
ӷڳҹδ˳鿴һԼľ־ֻɶͨ͸ͣҲ˵ĻƺԾʷЧ󡣱֮ǰЧķȺС
ҹδҲǿ󣬱ȥ鿴Լ״һ鿴üЦŷͻƺܵΪͻƣΧϱóܣеϴЧǷѾﵽ˰˳ʷģ
ȥԼΪܵسڡ
򣡡
һӺҹδͣԼͻ֮ĵܶѾԼˡǲܼûдﵽԼļޡ뿪صɣϷӶȥоִﵽԼļޣ֦ȥѰһ
ǰвãѰһȴѾһʿռǸʿҹδ룬һľͽ䱸ҹδ빰֣ȻתȥǸʿֳ֮ɫ
ѵҹδͻˣ
ҹδ̰ͣԼļ䣬ȥѰһȻ࣬˸٣ҹδһпյĺ
ȻܿҹδѰһ˵ĺ̾һֱܣҹδ뽫նɱȻܵѪҲ˷ҷҹδ뻹²ȥڣҲûӵսһȻ˺ˮпʼ
ĵϸܼҹδתҹδĸ죬ĵһתϡһαóҹδһϢĸо˵һξ飬ҹδ̬ƽͣץʱ䣬뵽֮С
պ󣬵ɢȥҹδķһתϣҹδ뵽ڶ㣬һµڶҪòܹתѾתԵڶתȻһ٣һ£ܹת
ʶڵľǷǳޣʷﵽĵģʷȴﵽ˰˳ɾšΪͻƵܵڡؼʷҹδӦˣоֲܶˡ
ҹδٴ뿪Ϸʵǣʵ̫ˡʵǵԼļ޸߶ȵʱѰҵһʱҲûһʿ
һȺռݣʵǿҹδͷ˰˴֣ŽһȺնɱ
ҹδ뽫ЩЩ£ǿҲۼŮ޵ϲǵڵŲþЧϡⶼԴ
ҹδһοʼĵ죬ҹδķһλͻơڶҲתɣΪĶʷĵģһ㣬ԺԲơʷﵽ˾ųһΪͻƵܵغڡ
ҹδһλطնɱһȺѣȻںм
ĸתøˣĵ죬ĵԽתϡ
ʷҲһ㣬ǻ壬ʷȴǴﵽ˾ųΪͻƵܵء
ҹδû̻طΪоĸ̫һ
ӦǵڶƺЩʲôôʻ˵ĸоЩ塣
һ㶴ȫһģ˹һʮʺĶ
㶴ȴͬһħĿռ䣬һ뵽б㵮ħһľļѳֱһħ硣
Ĳ㶴һʮĸоΪһ
ֻеڶ㣬ûйûħҲûԵô塣
ҹδ룬ЩסһΪԼ̫ĹڶΪԼնħӽĲΪԼ˷ֻ֮е͵㣬ûмκζ


585 
Դˣҹδû˿취뿪һʵǣȻѰһ˵ĺնɱһ㣬Ȼ˳ˣǸٶȲġ߸һ죬ҹδķת
ˣҹδȫתĶҹδҪľǸףڶףǸʱٹһ뵽
ʷﵽ˾ų壬ΪͻƵܵڡ
ҹδٴ뿪ʵǣﵽԼܵļޣѰҵһնɱһԣҹδһ£ڱԼߵӦʣΪҲֻǸ֪ͻϢҲֻ˵ʷӦôﵽʮɡ
ں˲һӣҹδ͸оƺЧҪһЩǲ򣬵ǲ֮ǰд
ԼҪѰһķ֮أ֮ס
ҹδ뿪ʼרȻڣȻİΪ̫㲩ˣҹδΪսѾܵڣԭһرһؼѣٶȿʼ
ˣҹδһʱΪҲﵽܵأʷ˾ųߣٶȣҹδԼܵص۷ʱ򣬾Ӧýʷʮɣ˲Ҫٶķʱȥʷֱ򣬳ȥͻ
ҹδ˴٣ʱϵϢΪȣܹѹƣӦѾͻƵ˺һʿÿҲϢȣŲƵľ
ڵܵʿһμӴȵģϵʿûвμӴȣǶǵĸѾЧ΢ԣͶڴձڵʿۣ뿪Ƶ
ȥʱʿʱһ룬ϽƵ֮Уأ˵֮УġǸʣµЩʿеıʹҲתΪܡ
ʣµЩʿͬĥ񣬿ʼ¶ǵɡЩʿɳҲϲ㡣Ȼܵϲ㣬ʣҹδˡٻص֮󣬱̳ΪһټڣȻֻʣҹδһܵǿʮ۶ʿţò˶ãھͻٶ༸ܵ
뿪Ƶֵ֮ڵʿЩʿߴԪһ
λҹҹδĹƺڵͳС
ҲָоĹӦһĴС
֣Ϣ䣬ôֹҲȱٹֹͶϾͻƻԪĿܣͻƵԪϣСҲǻΪ
ҹδ˻żڣǸʱΪѾ̶ˣҪҪɢޡɢǶкģԶӦþҹδԼҲûǿ޵ԭ򡣡
Ĺŵʵǿ죬֮ͬУսڶĴڡȱҲΪԣӰʿ̬ײħΪҪǣΪżޣ緽˵ǿҲǻ˵ļޡ
ǡȻûʲôǰ;ǻҪΧɱ𣿡
ɱɣһжһġҲҹδڽʲôأڿҹδڵľ콾ʮܵɽ綼ûСڵһ˿ϣǶҪɱҡ˻رţŸɳһһأȫǵŵĵˡ
ôˣЩӣҲûбҪԼĿŵΧɱҹδ룬ҲΪ
ǵĻԪ֣ܳǵĻԪҲ֣ܳҪʲô
Χɱ֮ǰҪܵģŪİҹδŵòҳ
ǵȻ
֮˻صڡ
ڷϵ£ҹδѾؽԼͻƵϢȻϢѾôԣζҹδľȹˡ
ѡһĥԼһ뿪ţҶͬս
һϢҹδ뽫Լ뿪ŵ뷨ȡˣڵΧӵзԲûмżչΧŷԲﾭӪͬͰһ㣬ڰ̽ߴ̽ڣҹδ뿪ŵʱ򣬱㱻ڵʿˣץס
Ԫʿֶ̫ΣõࡣԪ̽ҹδеǰҹδ롣
ʦ棬žûʲôܵͨ뿪𣿱紫󣿡


586 ѵ
ѩЦô׾ܽģͨƵǸ󣬶Ŵûͨδ룬ʲôƻ𣿡
Ҳӿڵδ룬㲻ҪþǱһʱ䡣
ҹδЦʦ棬ѾܵأȥƵʱֻܵأѾһĽףѾȣҪսȶԼľ硣֮ǰܼͻˡ
ѩ͸׷׵ͷֵȴЦ򵥣ϼһֻҪ㲻±̫̫࣬ʹǿ԰㺻ʵ硣
ҹδ۾һλɶǻԪʿǲһʱ䣬ǾͲǺʵˣԼżĺô
ԣѩҲЦҲû£ӣҲš
ȸҵ˶Ц
һҹδͰᵽ塣
ԪĶҹδ϶ԱߣԼһ򵥵Ķʹ˾ס
ÿ֮󣬱ڷÿڣһЩһЩͬǵ㣬ƮڶϿա
Ѿڷĵһ㹹˾ڵڶ㣬׼һħһҪʱḶ́ҹδÿҲֻһʱʱħع
ʣµʱ䣬㱻Ԫ
ԪûԼΪ۸ҹδ룬ǽΪѹܵءҹδԭлһԼս˵ܹܽΪѹƵԼһԪ
֮Ԫҹδ֪үү
ԪΪѹƵ֮ܵҹδĻʵȷʵҪԪǿ٣رƴʵҹδ붼ѹԪսɲǽƾʵ̫ࡣ
У۽磬顭
ر۽;飬ҹδҲϲϡԪ׵ؾͶҹδϵÿζüСģͻҹδǿĹơ
ҹδҲû˿Լ֪ѵõĻᡣԽԼȫʵ˳
ʲôƣǺӣ֣ǻ£ֽ󣬱ˡ
Ҫ֪ͬҹδķǴ൱ǴԲǱ൱Բڵķ˲ܵĵԪҲֻƾܵصʵƵĹ£ÿζñס
ҹδЩƮ˼һӾɢˣʼ̤̤ʵʵءᡣ
ڰͬʱԪ۽;顣
Ȼиֵ
ԪҲǹÿҲΪʲôᣬǻãҲὫԼһЩдڸҹδ롣
ҹδսڷڵƿӵ΢Ĵ˴ʼ٣ԭһ찤˱ᣬߴΣΡ
һһȥҹδΪû̫ľ
ΪҲֻܵ۷壬ʷҲֻһ㣬ﵽ˾ųɰˣҹδǣľʷٶȼӿ˲٣Ѿɰˡ
ҹδΪ棬ѵҲܹʷ
ʵ÷ְ˭ᣬһȷĽ̵ҹδÿʱÿ̶ھУ˼⾫Ȼٵʷ
һʱ䣬Ѿĵڶ㹹ǧһħϡڹķѡһӵķҹδһ£ԼҪһʱ䣬ܹɡ
ֵø˵ǣڰǰͻˣȻҲԪйˡһأԪΪѹһ֮󣬽ٴ趼ʶˡڸտʼʱ򶼱ˡ
ȻԼ򲻹ҹδ룬Ǿ͸ˡ
ȵҹδҲһᣬһָ֮µģҲŰʱƣҲе˺ôʱ䣬Ҳһ֮µģ
ÿԪ֮⣬һභҹδ뱻ԪԼʹ÷ˣһصҲ򲻹ҹδ롣
һʱ䣬Ҳҹδнɣ⻹Ԫûһ£ڽ󲢲ͨԣڽⷽ棬ҹδĸޡԴԽ֮󣬽ʮֻҹδоԼҪнͻƵԲԪҲǲܣ»ճ־ãԼҪȥս
һʱ䣬ҹδľȫʵԼĶڱչˡ


587 
ڱչء
ߴڵһ֮̽ɳµİ̽ɳ˴İ̽ѧˡûнڵΧ֮ڣΧ֮Ǳÿtڡ
ҲҪ̽ڵϢֻҪҹδͿˡôһǳֱ۵ԶԶļӾͿˡ
Щ˶ҹδĻ񣬶ҹδϢǳϡֻⶼһˣҹδҲû߳һǲΪ֪ܵΪʿһչؼ꣬ʮ궼ǳ
£
ͬʱҹδȴıչˡ
һ뵽ǿյϢֶ۾ſ飬ҹδͬǿС
βڴУڰȫڣҹδȫطſԼоԼ·һƬ޾ǿ֮Уȫ֮ǰƵĸо
Խĸо뵽ǿеĸռ䡣

ʼһ𣬷·һƬǿвϵطУϵ룬ٶʱ죬ʱʱͣ
ͣʱ򱻿סˣʱ򣬾ʱ򣬾ͷ·𲻶ϵǿУԽԽǿյ䣬ͬʱҲԽΪҲڲϵ
֪УΪѾͻƵܵء
һա
ȻоԼʧȥɣһȥ󾪣ŷ˳ȴһٶȷһǹ⣬һǹѸٵķŴͬһֻڲһϢʱ䣬ǿϡһԲƮҹδǰ·һ΢Сǳģû٣ȴ·ڿһ㣬ΧתһȦҹδ뾯վȻǸԲַɵĶ棬һ˿𶯴ʶҹδ˶Է˼
˭
ҹδҽҹδ롣
ǸԲε£ҽҹδ룿
ҹδ˼Ƭ̣жԲӦԼĻ㽫ӳȥԼ˼
ҽҹδ롣
ȻĽ
ҹδ룿ʲô
ҹδ벻Ƕҵ˶ôƺңôƺ
Ŷҽ챦һ壬ʲô壿
壡챦һʲôкܶ
ˣӦкܶɣҲ֪ҵһУ
㡭ǵȺУ
ǣ챦һ嶼ǿеģڵʱΧûͬġΪǵĵҪܾúܾãҺܴܴһƬǿգҲֻܹһ
ô֪챦һ壬ֽ
˺ܾãŵҲ֪ҵ֮ȻȻؾ֪챦һ壬ҽ
ô
һǱȻʹ˺ܾúܾãò˳˯ʱ򣬾ˡ
ʦɣ
ʦ棿ûУҼĵһ塣
ҹδɫһ㣺㲻ո˯Ѱɣ
ǵǣ˼һʱ䣬ӦҲмˡ
ôûмˣ
ûмˣǱûмҡмҪңֻı㣬ûзҡڣҺѱ˷ֵġ
ǡΪʲôң
֮ǰҲЩˣΪЩ˺Ե
ҺԵҹδֳ֮ɫ
ԣΪǿյϢûСҲֻ߱ǿϢˣŻкô
кô
ţһ𣬶Ա˴˶кôΪ϶ǿ֮ҳ˯ôãǿ֮ŵָڵҾҶʢʱڻԶƾԼǿ֮ȻԼǿ֮ҲһЧȴܹ
ҹδˣԼǳǿ֮Ҳɽ˵ڳԼ֮⣬ûܹǳӦˣֻǸʱûѡ
ˣǱأǼǱ𣿡ʵ
ҹδ㽫Ǳ˵һ顣
ҹδĽĬãû뵽ˣ˵ñذ
Ǳ𣿡
˵ҡҡҲ֪
ҹδжǿ
ҡҲûлָ٣ոѼ꣬Ӧñǿһָȫʢʱ򣬺
һǲԡҹδ˼ֻźܴѡ㡭Ҳʦ棬ǻԪʿֻŵһСֱŵ֮ǲ㽻ҵġҰʦ桭


588 ¶
ҪӦңҹδ֪ˣûлָ±ʦ
ǡһܹո㻹ܸʲôô
룺ǵõٻָһЩߵͻƵ
ͻƵ
ԣǸʱ㣬ͿԺǿաʵҪһָø죬ӻͻƵԪҪ¶
¶
¶ֻǿвУܹҵǡʱҴȥ¶ҵ֮ƽ֡
ʲôô
ҿݻһЩ
ãɽҹδʱʹͷǡʲôʽһҪ𣿡
УҲ
ǡأ
ǩƽԼ˴˲˺£ܵİԷ
ã
ʼ֮һĵӡҹδ뽫˹ȥĶǸӡȻͷǵӡһΪһ뵽ڣһ뵽ҹδڡ
ȥʦ̸̸ʦ治ңֻеȣҵΪǿһЩ
ðɣ
Ҳ޿κΡ뱻Ǿʧȥɣһҹδ벻˵ʦ棬Ҳֻõȡ޾Ԫǵȸǧ꣬Ҳ˯һҲûа취ѹļʱΨһһӵˡ
ûѡ
ҹδг׾ܹ֪е顣üͷԼôܹ˵Ԫ͸Լ
֮
Լռ̫ˣ
ѣҲҪȥԡ
ҹδӶڳѾ뿪ˣ룬ȥݷ˱ȽĸȻ˵ºλʦ飬ֵֽͳѩ˹Ԫҹδ룬֪ʲôش飬ҪԪʿ
λʦ棬Ҳ֪ˣǳ
Ԫͷ
ҹδóǳʮ䣬ΪڣҵΪٶȻ˵Ҳһʮϵıԣܲܽң
ԪĬˣŵ֮ȻܸҲûз飬ܹǿܡȴΪӲܹܻԪһСռ䣬һ֪ҹδʿᣬһˣһ޴ʧ
ǣҹδǿõŽӰˣûʲô˵ģܹǳˣŵϣǻ˭
ֻҪҹδ벻ġ
οҹδһֱΪ˲ٹףõĲҩϵõԴҲţŵû⡣
Ψһĵľҹδܱܲס
ԪĬҹδҲΡֻоĵȴԪʶһֵڵ
δ룬Ը㣡
ҹδɫϲ
ֵԵʵϣģҲġ֮ԥǵʵ޷һʧˣŵʧѾߴŶˣ֪дʿ׷ɱ㡣׼𣿡
ҹδͷҲ׶ֽ׶ֻĸ˲ˣȻ֪ӵ
ãˡ
лλʦ档
ֵ֮ǰͷʷòˣʷʲô̶ˣ
ųɾˣҹδչЦ
Ԫ϶¶˿ĵЦݡֵȡһݸҹδ
ҲµûľҲѾʼʷ˰ɣ
ţҹδͷֻʷĳ̶Ⱥܲʷɰˡ
ԪǾ鶯һ¡
ܵ磬ͿʼʷˣҲţҲܵͿʼʷֱͻҲûʷһɣ绨˴ʱ䣬ĥʷʮɡ
һ׹ʷͼʿרŴģﵽʷģԭǲڴڸģû뵽ľѾʼʷˣǿǰˡ
ҹδϲһֱʷʷͼ˷
лʦ棡
ҹδ뿪صԼĶո߽ԼĶʶб㴫
ڿ԰սʶˡ
ţҹδϥ£Լ˫ϥϣûʲôߵ㵱ôսģ
ȫʢʱǿˡƣԳһء
أ
ڲУ
Ե˵ʱʹսս


589 ֮
ǡʹսɡ
Ϊʲô㶼ܹǱսΪʲôҪʹ㣿ս֣൱ˣǶ
ĻǡԿ꣺ǡҵһĶˣеó˯ˡ
ҹδˣ͹ԼԼģȻԼһˡ
ľİɣԼҲûսֻҪԼ
ҹδĬЩţҿԴڸ㽫ӳ
ҹδ۾һʲô
ĬȻƬ̣кܶܵΪǿܹʹһʽɡھʹڸ㡣
һѶϢҹδʶҹδ۾һʽҹδϣִĦһдϲ
һʽľһ
ÿһ۶оŰپʮŸǹ⣬ÿһǹⶼܹһܹʮۣǾǿԻǧŰʮܲ˵ÿһֻ˻ܡ
ǧŰʮ൱ǧŰʮ˻ʿܵҲܹɣ
Ҳܹһɣ
ܲҹδЩ㡣
ҵʵûлָھֻܹҵиĵΪ̫ͣʹˡ
Ǿ͡ɡ˵
ҹδֿʼչˡαչؾͲֻΪˣʷͼһʽ
չ˼֮ҹδоԼͲǱչأչרһ棬ſ飬
ǰһһǸʲôչأ
пʱ䡣
ҹδ㲻չˣÿһǳһʷͼһһʽµʱ䣬ʱԪŰʱڹ䣬ҲμһЩᡣԪ˵ģܲŵӶʶɣ
Ҳóȥߣ
ԣҹδ뿪ʼڻˡܵĻӭ
ɽˣʵΪ
ȻЩʿ֪ҹδԪӣǲ֪ԪҹδڶΪŽӰˡ֪ҹδƵУնɱߴ콾ҹδˡ
ԪԪԭĸͻֱ֮Ȼܵԭͻ֮󣬾ʣҹδһܵһǰӳѩͻܵڱܵ
Щ˾ڵĸˡ
֪ҹδҶͬݵˣֻԪԪͶʿͬʱҲֻ֪ҹδǳҲ֪ҹδ뱻ڶΪڵĽӰˡʣµ֪顣
ϵʿţڶҲܵʿÿҹδĳ֣һȺŵӣһȹ顣
ⲻҹδֱһȺʿΧס׷׼
һӰ˽ʦ㣬ûвҩ
ǣҹδҲһͷֻۣҪǣǱضûвҩڵѾǴڣҪĲҩĲҩҹδĶŪȥ
ÿ˵ûУӭĶһ˫ԹС
ǵҡͷ
ʦܣҶûˣĶŪҩȥ´γţһռ
ɼŰû㹻ĲҩôͻƵ𣿡
úãҹδӦ
뿪ֻ֮нӳѩ¡ЩʱգΪֻܵ׽˲١ӳѩЦ
ôζΣ
ʹš
ӳѩЦҹʦ̬ã֮ǰܵһ£ңʦֺԭʦŵУܵһ£ģǸʱҾܱΧź鷳Ӱҵľ룬ʱ֪жĽء
ҹδҲЦܵˣиĽ㣿
ӳѩһۣܵڣﻹĽң
˲Уһȵնɱߴܵ콾ǿߣһǸոͻܵ㡣˵֮£ŵȻҲеӲ۵ǡ
ߴ콾ʵΣ˵ҵͻ֮ܵǰȥҲߴڵ۶ʿɱɱߴڵʿҲߴڵʿܹ˳
ǶǱҿģʵǺǿҹδΪ˽ӳѩ룬Ҳʵʵ˵äĿȥߴ콾ɱ


590 
ҿս¼ӰǸԷĵʲô
֣
ţǸֿɲǵĿô򵥣Է֪֣׼̫ͻȻˣܹԷѹҲܹŵԷʤ𵽾Եá
ܹһЩãѾع⣬δܹ𵽾Եãߴ콾ҪСġ
ףӳѩͷҹʦ㣬ҪȥûȤУ
ˣҹδʵʵ˵ߴڶҺܽҽȥ̫Σա
Ҳǣӳѩͷ¶Ķˣһȥȷʵ̫Σա
˶Ц
Ц価ӳѩֵ׼һֱŴţ
ôܣҹδҡͷҪϵͻƣҪȥġһҪһʱ䡣
ҹʦ˰ɣ
ûУûôס
Ҳǣܹ
ڲ·ڷֿҹδɽ⣬ڸתһȦû뿪ڵΧȻ㷵š
ص˺ɽԪڰֵǰһ滹žƲˣһߺţһȤɽҹδ롣
ҹδĿһת㿴ԼĶǰվˣһ٣һһԪˮ
ˮһϵԪΪȴ˵Ԫ۷꣬һֱûлͻƵԪڣԭĸԪģ٣һ
ʦ棬һˡҹδԶԶԪһкԪЦͷ
ҹδߵԼǰʩ񣺡ʦ֣ʦ֡
ˮһֱҲڷԼʼղܻͻƣʦսˣҲֻһ˿ͻƵʦսĴ̫ˣЧѾ΢Сǰ˵ҹδĶ֣вɻԼҹδսһҲܹһЩЧ
ˮҹδ뻹Ȼˮ΢ЦҹʦãʦҲʵ˵ˣҿǰѾܾˣʦʵǿܷдһ
ҹδˣΪʲôԪżȣСƣһֵģԭڿ֡
۷尡
ԼûдһصѾԼĶ֣۷أ
ҹδĶ־
ã
ҹδʹشӦ˶ܷģҶܹͷȫΪԪʿڣܹǧһĹͷǡ
Ҳ˷ܣҲҪҹδʵҹδ붷ܶˣȻÿζܸҹδ룬ܹоҹδ벢ûʹȫ
ҹδͺˮ˱ŤͷԪֵһ䣬˾ͷɵ˿Уڿγһռڣ棬ֵĿռܴս
룡
룡
˫ͬʱҹδȸԼһ£ȻͶԷսһֻֻֽʹãͷųơ
ԷǿѾһֻΪĵ壬ϵ֮֮죬ҲǿܵϵʿսУ;Ѿ˵֣ҲƷܵĲǣǵϡӡڵϺϵĵϡ˭ĵϸ࣬֮ͨٶȾԽ죬ҲԽǿ
ϽȻܵǿΪܵʿֻе֮ͨȴϵĵӡ
ʵҲȷʵˣҹδܹоԷѹԶߴ콾˵ѹȻǸʱֻܵأڵѾܵأ٣ȻͺˮܵҪȺˮܶࡣٵʱ򣬲ûȫȴѾȫ
һ˵սӵؼңˮȻҹδǿϾܹٵˣܲǿȴû뵽ǿ˵ز֮ǰܹѹҹδ룬ҹδʹ֮ԼҲѹƲסԷԷռһ˿ơ
ǵǵк˳
ˮҲǿĵҵơʱҲй˳˻ȥǶҹδȴ塣
ҹδֻеûе壬սȴû¶·硣
˵ʲô
˵ҹδĵƷҪĵϺܶ࣬ҹδĵҪĴӡĵӡҪĶ࣬¡
һĵ͵ϡ
ʱѾʮҹδʱ·磬Ϊ֮ܵž޴Ĳࡣһҹδͻֻһأ¶ֱܹսԲ
һö֣


591 ܵ۷
ˮʼȫҹδѰԼͻƵҹδʱҲǳܡںԪдʱǱŰдʱŰˡǺڵĺˮд裬ȴʵ൱Ϊ졣
൱ս̣úˮǳҲҹδջ
شּͨҵʵ˶ڷɿ򡣱˵ҹδԽԽǿǺˮĵҲΪ򣬱ԽԽǿ
ƣ£֣Ǻӣǻ𡭡
ҹδȫ˴ѷѽ⣬ֱΪֵ;һգòͣƽɫ˶һۣɷЦˬһԵһ͡
֪ҹδҴʱ˺ܶ࣬ȴû뵽ôࡣ
֮ͣ󣬰ֵջ˿ռڣ˸Ԫʩһ񣬱Ҵȥ˶ǳҪչ˵á
Щ㱵뿪ˣֵ˶һۣж¶֮̾ɫ
ѩǳȻܹشһƽ֡
ֹҹδ뻹ŽͷųٽЩ֮ĵڽ֮󣬺ˮҹδĶ֡
ֵδˣһҪܺˮѡ
ٶȶһۣЦ
֮ڡ
ҹδΪһʱ䣬󲿷־ʷϣܵΪúսõĹУٴν뵽ľС
򣬵ӡһӡڵϣǵʣ޼ĿհڲϵС
һ졣
졣
졣
ҹδΪܵ۷壬ܵԲҲֻһߡ
ҹδˬ߳ڵ㣬ҲɽߣϵԱߡȸҲڣƺں˵ʲôҹδԱȻ֪ˣ꣬ߴڶڲȡǿӲֶΣʿնɱ˲٣ιڷԲΧڣʧС
ԭܼ򵥡
ΪƵҹδնɱߴ콾
߸콾Ķߴ˺ܴʹ˹߸콾ߴڶǵǳǿ߸콾ʮʮػͻϣͻƻϣͻƵԪһϣͻƻԪ
ȴҹδɱˣߴڵϣ
Ҫ𣬲Ǹߴ콾ҲҪ֪ߴڣҲҪԲ˶ߡ
Ǿôţҹδ̲סˣҳȥһ°ɡ
ֲ㣡ʵʵͻƵ˵ֵ˵ȻȸüԪȥһ£Ҳýѵһߴˡ
¡
ڹϵĵһǿţȻ֮⡣ΪµĻԪڻԪʿᣬʵҲǿ׳Ԫ磬µۺʵҲ硣
µһλԪشʿ١ߴѾΪ䡣
ʱдڵǺһǸʱΪǿţʵǿ󡣱֮ǰãҲǳ֮⣬ǿţΪԪʿ
ǲ֮ǰԱһھֻʣһԪˡɽŵģϡڵʵһӾͲˡ
֮УٽǺӭ˫ϲ֮󣬾ٺЦ
ԶǰҪ£
ǺЦ꣬նɱ˲ʿҲ˲ʿҷ֣ڵʵǿˡ
ǰٵͷԭΪƵУնɱ˴ʿǽʮܵնɱʮڵʵӦô󽵲Ŷԣȴû뵽ڻʿ˲пϴ񣬷Ǳ˾Ӣ֮ǰҵĻ䡣
Ǻͷڵĵǣɱ᲻ڵķŭɳʿҲɱŵʿ
ܣҲڵڷ䣬ӿʼϴɱķĿʼΧڱʾǿӲɱڲٵʿЩƵľӢʱ䣬ϢӦѾ½ڡķ񣬲ʹ˰֡
ߴڣ
ô
ʵԪ󻯵Щ˳ɺܴ
ΪʿһƮȷλãǼֱһجΡ
ǰҲɱ˲ʿﵽڵĿġǾһɡ֪ͨţڻᡣͬʱеİ̽ЩԪܹ׼ᣬնɱһǶǴջܹնɱһԪھͻʹǺǡ


592 ¶
УˣڼӵķһֱûҹδϢûϢ
ûУҹδһֱ͹ڲǰҹδ뵱˼̳ˣ˲áܹҪģֻҪһҪɱ˵ܹһϡ
ƵҹδɽʱΪ˵Ѿˡ֮ǰļƻñ䡣
ûǸܣҲһءڵʿΧɱͿˡ
ţ
Ǳһ㣬Ǹɳһ۷壬ߴ۷Χɱһҹδ룬ȫ⡣
Ǿôˡ
Ǻǡ
ܿ죬ɽͷ֣ߴڿʼʵ
ֻʵȴ
ߴܵϵʿȫţڸУҪУܵʿģǷ׷յšܵϵʿҲܵطϢǷš֮ĶܵһµʿЩʿǱڵʿɱˣҲʹܵϵʿŵĸʣµĲӰˡ
ҲţɳǵԪʿҲȥɱЩ۶ʿΪ͵ʿ
Ǹˣ
ƽ̡
һƬɽ֮Уʪɭʺϳ棬̫ʺסǶƽȴһʥء
ȻŲӯѾܵΪƽԭصĶŵ콾Ƶҹδնɱ֮ŵĵλһԾǸ콾λãΪŵϣͻȻͣ˽Ų˶诣ĿȻʱȴһǫȻǰ
ʦ㡣
ˣȻɫԸˣ
ѾͶλ̸ˣȻȴԸߣŻɽǣӪǵϱ䵱Сԣұͻȥˡһȥƹȵĵӣܵر
ͺã֮˽ˡ
лʦ㣬ԺʦЯС硭Ǳҿȥջؽơ
Ҵ簡ȻЦЦȥȥ
Ȼʲô˼
ģȻںžڵĽơ
Ϊʲô
ȻȥıӰǫɫر䡣
Ҳ֪ž磬֪ҹδСá֪֪ҹδСãСƵɱĵӣ㻹ôſ

һɱʹá
ȻҪȥʦüͷ΢΢ڵƽ̣ȻΪʵܵһˣŶԼȴڵһЩΪ֮ǰȻӣȴҲûеֽϣĵزҲûȥĵϸ
ڲͬˡ
ܵص֮ǰضϸĵ顣ĵϸ飬Ҳض֪ҹδĶ㡣
Ųûб¶ʲôʲô˼
ȻʦŴǳԪʿսƽ̲ãͱǳ￴ãΪ˵ӣʦͽ˸ܺá
Ȼˡǳվһ£ŪżƳ棬Ȼ˵Ŀ⻹ǼƳ档
ʦȻܵһԵͤڣΪʦ衣
֮ǳҲ߽ͤȻʦϲ裬ҲԼһ
ʦ˵ߴڶʵܵϵʿȥ
ôҪȥ
ǰҸոճأ˼
ǲҪȥˣڵıܿͻᵽߴҲؿڵıһɵԷһ߼ʵϣֻҪɵһڵĵԪܵǶ׬ˡΪڵܵʿ࣬ߴڵʵɵһڵʵͻ½
Ȼ룬ˡ
ھǿҲԪܵԷܵһµʿܣֻҪܵϵǼʿǲˣһָɵһΣھͶϲˡЩܵϵʿԶڡ
ǣôܣ
ߴҲֶ̫Σڵʿ
ԪʿԼԣǱڣĳҲԼڡ
Ȼ˼ǳȻʵʶҹδ룿
ʶȻһݣһˡ
ǳϴŵЦݣ˵˵ҹδ롣
ã
Ȼ㽫˵ģܹ飬ϸ˵һ顣ǳһֱţɫûбֳ֮ǰʲôͬȻ˵꣬ʵ
˭ǿ


593 ̬
ڡӦô򲻹
ǳֵȻǽãԺлᣬҪཻһЩ㵭˽ø顣
Ȼɫһʦڵ״
ǳڰֵ֪˵ʲôҹδڣƽ̡ںƽСҪסɽûõĵˣҲûõѡƽ̺֮仹ûȫ˺֮ǰЩ֮Ľ
Ȼ룺ʦЩס
ףͻȥԼúɡֻҪ֪ʦųҹδСȻƽ̻ǲӭҹδ͵ģҲỶӭȥ͡
ȻͷȻͻȻʦߴ֮ƺҲǴеôǢ
ţô˵
ƵʱҷƺЩƽ̣Ȼϲ˵ȴԾӣƽ̿ʦӵģǲľ
žǳȻһƣܹϻԪľƽ̴꣬˿˵ôô˵Լ
Ȼίؿǳֲ˵ġ
ҪסǳָȻѵʲôǼʵǿȷʵˣ˽ݾȴĴĴвڣ㿴ǿҲһûС֮ͬУȷʵʵǿţ
ˣʦ
ҪΪЩƲƽ̣Σһ治˵ӣߣ
ȻĬȻʦɫű飬ʦҲ֪ҿ±ǧ˰ɡ
ʦȻ̬˵ֻжٶԪ
ţ
֮ߴǲǻֽڵĴг׶ϵ
ڵҹδ룿
δԼ·ߡھˣδȴδػҵĵš
ţ
һʱһʱڱ֮󣬵ӵڻὫĿ׼ƽ̡Ͼƽߴࡣƽ̵ƺҲôá
ǳĬȻƬ̣ܹ뵽Щܺáֲε飬뵽ˣȴҲ벻İ취
ԣھͲҪЩˡҪľǾΪΪͻƵЩ֪ˡ
ڲ˵𣿡
ܣ
ڡ
ҹδڶһʽĿս⡣
֮ҹδ빵ͨô
ʵϣѾӳһʽˡˣҲӦ׼һװ¶ˡ
ָУ
У¶ʧЧ
ǡҲɣڲܵҪܹȥǿ¶𣿡
ܹװ¶ҪĲϲô׵õġôھͿʼңҺ˵㵽δܹȫء
ǡðɣҪʲôϣ
ֻһֲϣ˵𣿡
ҹδҡͷû˵
ǾȥҰɣϣܹڻ֮ǰҵ㹻Ŀ񡣡
Ҫٰ
͹ˡ
ⲻడ
ȥҾ֪ˣࣿҶܲҵһ
һͲˣ
ҹδ߳˶ûȥϣֱȥ˹µк֣ܶϴƵϵջ񣬶ţȡ˴Ļ֡ȻϺ˵ˣԴбֻҪеģԸһ׬˵ˣԼԼһҪԼһ
Ҫ񡣡ҹδ̨ǰԹ̨ʿ˵
ǸʿüͷҹδоһϲţԷûֱ˵ûУŵĵ̻Щ˰
ʿһҹδ룬ڵҹδż˲֪Ȼʶҹδ룺
Ҫʲô̫ˣ˵ôĹµ𣿡
Ӧùɡ
ҹδ뽫ԼƵݹȥǸ߿һۣ湻Ҳ˵ʲôǱˣֱӸ߶Էûпˡ
ҹδ벻а
ѾҹδбԴ˼ҹδ뻹Źµûвĵջǲ鲻Ըظҹδ
ҹδص˶ϸۿû̫ԹǿֲϾʲôء뵽֮ڣûеڣƵ˵
û뵽ڻп񡣡
ԭǰҫһ£ƵҹδƵûټǽݸ
أʦƣƣ


594 
ñˣԼ
һ£ǿƯڰУȻ˿˿˷۶ǿܿڻʵ
Ҫʲô״
¶Һɣ
ǣ
ǾҪƿӰɡ
ã
ʱ䲢û̫ãԼӺһƿӱҹδǰγˡһƿǡҹδӹƿӣ̽飬һռƿӣװһСƿӺʹָͬһֵϡ
Ӧֵϣܹ֤¶ЧʧЧɣ
ҹδ뽫ƿ뿪ȻսʶʶΧռתƣҹδͿռȤʣҲ˵̵ܹʲôʱ
δ룬ѩҹδ뼱æȥ˳ѩĶ
ʦ棡
ȥһ˾ҡ
˾ң
˾һҲǵµİӣһڲɽڵΧڷչǵһ˾ĵϵɱ˲ɽһϵĵӣ˾һ㼸壬ֻʮ˳Ȼһ·ڡ
ģ¶˾һŰӵ飬ֻ˵ڽ˾һңɽڵĶУΪһһ塣ĻҲһЩѹļ塣ˡǻЩһӡһߴڱƵûȥǻһѡڡ
ˣҹδͷȥ
ҹδ뿪룬ԼһȥЩµȥ˵ǵĶ
ʦܣҴȥԺóԵġ
ɶóԵİڲԺóԵģҪҩ
ҹδǱ鴤һ£˾һ֪𣿡
֪⻹ǵһͶڵļ壬ô᲻֪ʵȻһ㣬ֻһܵӰȴǷŵʿˡмͶˣһֻԻͣҹʦ㣬˵ǲǣ
ҹδб̾ϢһһͶ˷ˣɼǵʲôز
ڣصԶ
Ҿʹȥ˾ң˾ӦúЩϵҲЩѣܲͨǣ㹺һЩҩ
ߣߣھȥǵ۾һˡ
ʲôҹδ뷭һۣء
ǡðɣ
ƻʱ֣ҹδ뿪ţ˾ҷȥ
˾ұھ⣬ڵΧ֮ڡھ˾ǧ֮⣬˵ϣ˾ȥ
˲ʿ˾ҸȥΪߵҲܵΧ֮ڵĸ峤͵ӡ
Щ˻ʶҹδģֻҹδһϢǲҽӽֻԶԶҹδ빰֣ҹδҲֻȻЩ˾һĽ˽
ҹʦҲȥ˾Ұɣ
ǰ˾һйⰡԭΪŻɳһʿͺ˲ˣȴû뵽ҹʦǰŶ˾ҺӰ
ܲǵһͶڵļ塣
ҲɣǱƵû취
ඣ
ſӭܼˣܡܼҼոӭһܵ峤ûſڡΪһܵʿҲʲô˶ҪӭӵģȻܵϵʿֵӭӡ
ʱܼҴڣܼҼܱڸոսǸܵʿӭûеԼĶӷܽ
ҹǰˣ
ҹǰĸҹǰ
ܱڵȻ֪ҹδ룬ǱϾΧ֮ڣһûзӦǴܵʿһӾͷӦ˹мܵʿڵվ
ҹδ룿
ţܼͷ
ܱɫһ̶ϲΪһܵʿķӦʵЩʧ̬ģһոձ˼壬ӵؽܵʱʱɳҹδܼңеϲö˳
ߣŶӾſڼڵĿҲظ˳
ҹδ뻹ûߵſڣܱڳ˴ţӭ˹ҹδĿȥܱѾֳ̬һӦܴˣһǼ屻٣̬˼尾ڿľ״̬ȴǲ
ҹܱЩ֪ôƺԼӦóƺҹδʦãǰΪ£ԼӦóƺԷʦ㣬һʱ֮ЩǡǾʱҹδ¶õЦݣܱڹֵ
ʦ֣Сֱƺȡ
ããӭӭһӭ
ҹʦãһȺ峤ҲӴӿ˳
ҹδҲʶЩ峤֮ǰҲΧȥ䣬ôʶһҹδ룬ʱҹδ뵱ûʶҲҪҹδҲΧݷùһ壬ʱҲЦ̵غ˺ѣÿҹδ뺮ѵ峤һҫ


595 
ǿܵ
Ŷ
ھܵҹδܵصʱ򣬾ɱߴڵ콾ӦøҹδӦɽǿܵʶܹϼ䣬Ǿҫ
һشӵҹδ˴ҹδƴǲֻλҹδڵݣټϱʵҲû˸λϡ
˸ոûм䣬ܼ˽峤ˡ
峤
ĿǰΧڣΨһһһ壬Ҳ˵һʿ
ڼΧڣλȻҲȽǲŵģԭԼԼĵܵˡΪʿܼҵһͣջˡԶԶͿſվһȺˡ
š
и峤ܱڣСܱԵǸ˭
ɫȻһ䡣
ҹδ룡
ֳκһ˶˽ҹδ룬Ϊҹδ뽻֣Ǹʱҹδ뻹ֻһܵأԼȻûдҹδ롣һؾ硣ǲĽŲͱÿֵɫҲ˲á
ҹʦãǸոճأжûмˣΪĽ
Ҳʦְúһ
һĹ

ҹδȵĽ̸˼䣬ܱڹ֣ʱҲûˣǱȣ
ʦܣԺǾһˣ
ܱܳ˼Ҷڸ壬ȻһˡǼˣ֮ҲǢܹ˵ĻǴΧڵļԼҲ֪ΪҹδĳϯжҹδӸмֻڱϣȴǸмغ
ػشҹδҪλϣ
ƴ˼£ջҹδλϡ
ѾһĿˣϯʼˡڴڵ˶ܵڱƫڣŸҲǸľӢ콾պܿ
ҹδ뵹ǺܾûвμˣҲþûгôʢϯˡͱչأܾòԶˣΪȻάܡ
ǿǰļȣڸ֮ǱԵõ˸߲ҡ
ʿһۻᣬ̸̸ţȻͱһĵýᡣ
ҹδܱڣұ
ܱڶҹδν׹Ҳſ϶Ҫҹδ뽻һ£ҹδ뾿ʲô硣֪ҹδʵҲҪҹδ뽻ܱˣҹδ뵱棬ҲúܱЦе˽
ʵϣÿҹδ뿪ڵʱ򣬴ڵҲֹͣҹδĽʵ̫٣ͨ׶ǶǳֻǲӣܱھͲˣΪҹδĽܴ󣬴ʱͷ۾ˡ
û˾ʧ񣬵ҹδݷǵʱҲ״
ܱڱ۾ͷϸ΢ĺ飬͵͵ƲƲ죬ֲ֪˶á㿪ڵ
ҹʦãڿһ۷壬ʼҲͻƵҹʦÿʲôָ㣿
ҹδЦʦֻ֣ܵغڣԲǣָͻأ
ô˵ҡͷûͻ򾳽粻Ҫʱǽһ¡
ðɣ
ҹδεΪƷߵԭȷʵҲܺһսֻҲ֪ԼҲߣϾܵ硣ǵȵͻûܵǸʱ򣬱ضͻͽԣҲԼûаҲ˵Լûдﵽء
Ǵڵ峤϶¶֮ɫ֮ǰǿҹδʮأΪΪҹδڵݡڿȫǰҹδ뾹ȻѾ
ţ
ղҹδ˵ʲôˣ
Ѿܵ۷ˣ
⡭ǵƵȵʱֻܵذɣ
ھܵ۷ˣ
ôģ
̫˰ɣ
ҹδʼˣЩܵרҲܵԲʿ֪˵ĽԼζʲôҲһԼܹͻƵЩܵԲʿҲӲȵԼܵԲͻƵؼ
ƫڴĻЦ˵̸ϣڣȴֻҹδ˵˷


596 пռ
нҲۣ㲩
еܵʿղĵõܱڣʱѾһһ¼֮С
һʱһʱ
˼ͬʱͣ۾
оԼͻƶԽԽˣֻҪԼⳡҹδ۵ԼӦܹͻء
һҲҹδ뿴˴ﵽܵԲ
ԭҹδ벢ͻƵܵԲΪڵ廹ûȫʷҪʱ;˴ĥϣȴû뵽һ۵ڽԲ
һӺȺ۾ֵл
ҹδ빰ֻ񣺡һȥչؼ죬ҲԲˡл
ҹʦãεܷдһΣҪӡ֤һ£Ҳȥ֮󣬺һҲͻơ
ܵʿ۾һֱҹδսδʱҪ۽
ҹδҲȻͷôһепռ䣬ʦָ㡣
ңҹʦ룡
ʦ룡

ܱվǰܼҵ䳡ЩСҲ˷ܵظ˹
ܵս
ѣʱڵ׷ۡ
ܴܵܵ𣿡
Ӧô򲻹ɣҹǰӦܴһ°ɣ
һûҹǰأ
Ӧ峤ҹǰҪָҹǰɣ
Щ˵ĿⲻĽһ꣬Ǹӣʱͦš
˰ɣ
Щǵ峤ҹǰָ㣬үүȴָҹǰ
ǲ࣡

пЦ
ʱѾߵ䳡ҹδԶк˷ܡ
ҹδոմĵԼӦǵһԵģֻǲ֪пռһĵ
Ӧúйأ
ǺйأҹδԼԱݳ֣˵ԼĵֻƣǺӣǻº֡
ʵϣԲĽ󣬻ľˮҪЩǿġڴɵнҲҪЩǿȵнԲǸǿࡣˣҹδݵʵʹҶͬˡ
ҪһµĵܹЩĵ
нн󣬴һʽпռ䡣
пռҪЧһΪһΪʡ
ҹδʦ֣Ҫʼˡ
룡ЦܹһʦõĵΪֵҫ
ҹδ̧һָֻ֣˸һֹ⻪ÿһ⻪һԣָǽľˮԡ
̧һ
ɫһ䣬͸оԼѹҺʧȥϵԼҹδпռˣһֽɿ
䡭
̫ͬһǻԣʱͬһţźܿһƬ𺣣ӿȥпռĽ֮
䡭
˫϶ܼײ˶ʮǻڵһ˲֮󣬱㱻пռѹƣȻʼڽڰˡ

ǻ𺣻ʮײȥҲֻǲһϢʱ䣬һαѹƣڽڰˡ
ǿ
뵽ԼҹδĶ֣ԼֲûаҹδУһ뵽пռضΪȴû뵽ԼѹôԼܵô죿
һκҹδд裬Լܹ֧ʮأ
ϣ
һʮۣһ޴ޱȵĻ棬ͻںΪһ

޴Ļ׳ХһпռײȥҹδҲҪԷܲײпռıϣԻԷǻٶȻӿ졣ͬһɽһײпռı֮ϡ
䡭
пռҡΣȴɼͦǻȴǷ˻ȥѾʼֱļҹδ밵ͷԼпռѾƣԼΪӣȡܻǿˣӦԵڶˡ
ҹδչȻһա
ǡ
пռ俪ʼ飬ɲǱײģԼ𶯶飬ΪֲǣĲǱϣпռ䣬ͬһ㣬Ӷȥܿӵ˾޴Ļͷǻ޵ֿر㱻ˣںڻڵӶȥ
ˣܹ֪пռܣԼ޷ֵᱻпռ
֪ҹδ벻ɱģǸ֪пռҹδոմģ˭֪ҹδƿǷ죿


597 
죬һƲסԼǱɱ
ǻ㱻飬Ѿߴ֮֮ء
ˡ
пռĽɱͣҹδһ֣пռɢȥ
ͨ
Ӱ£ýŸܾöûĸоˣβ˼£һƨɶڵϣɫ԰ֽҹδ빰ֵ
лҹʦá
Χ۵ʿĿɿڴһһ۷ʿȻô򵥵رҹδܵʿˡ
ǡҹδ뾿жǿ
ܹأ
ܱһֱôģʱװ¶õЦݡ
ܼȻһֱڵİֻʣʮӻڣڻܼҵһ
ûף
֪һܼңǽɺ¡񿴵ҹδʵȻΪܵʵȴҹδܼңɼڶܼҵӡ
˻ص˴ոӵҡֱҹʱ֣˲Ÿɢȥ
ҹδصԼĶ̱չأʵϣμܼЩܵʿܱڣ̱չˡϵĽôҶǳҪʱȥ̶ر˺ҹδΣյһս֮оԼѰҵͻƵҹδȴˮɣòչء
֮
ҹδΪܵԲΨһͻƵľʷ
ʷǾųɾţֻʣһ֣ȴʮּѡ
ҹδ֪һֵļѡ
¨ȫտڣһּΪҪ
ҹδִĥ죬оôĥȥûʲôЧЧ̫΢Сû뵽һ֣˼ѡûиʮ꣬²ʷԲһʦѡ
ˣ
ǵ˵ԸԼʶйͨ


ܰʷ𣿡
ܣ
ҹδдϲ̽뵽֮У棺
ΰң
Ȼ
ﻹ
У
ҹδ룬ҲͲˡ
ֶӵǿƯ֪ȥ꣬ʲôûм
Ҳ˺ܶԼûıο
ˡҵǿյʱȥһ磬Ǹ类صʿ½½ϵʿΪŸʥءۿһʿһʥҪҪռΪ㲼һһʥص״ʷʱ򣬻ܹ
ҹδ۾һ磿һ綼𣿡
ţ϶֣һʮǿ塣
ʲô𣿡
ûУҾ͵·ʱ򣬿˼ۣԸ㣬ģǸʥأҪҪ
Ҫҹδ̵ͷ
ã
Ӧһҹδоǰһ㱣֮ͷԼվһƬһ޼ʵĺϡں͹Ľʯʱվһʯ֮ϡ
ͷȥʯܴ󣬲ʮƽµĺһһĻŽʯתӻĿĹˣΧһʯÿһʯ֮ԶǳԼʯĽʯϣƮһԲԲƺӡ˸ҫĿİ׹⣬һȥһյյ׵ơ
ôҹδ뺰
Žʯȥ򡣡ҪסСԽԶԽǿ
ҹδҵֲЩܣ
ˣ
ⲻĵ𣿡
ǰ
㲻ܾң
ĬȻƬ̣ȲˣڵʵҲࡣ
ҹδиоû˵ʵʵָľԼ࣬ĵ̣ҪԼܹȵġ֮ԲȣӦҪԼ͵ʱʱ̵̿ضԼһԼΣգܹʱؽԼȳȥʱʱ̱̿ѣһýԼӦöġԣŲԼ

ҹδ³һеҲûԹϾҲûھһܹģһʥأԼѾǲˡ
ԼҪʲô
ǾͿʼɣ
ҹδϥڽʯϣתǳԼΪϢ۷״̬
ƭĻ˵ġ
Լһʱҹδվγнαžһʯ˹ȥ
ꡭ
δǸʯڴܳһ磬յҹδ
ҹδӽնȥ
䡭
һȻʮ׺һȻûлһҹδˡ


598 콣
ϡ
ҹδһһ硣
ʱ䣬ͬǧ滨һΪϸ΢ͬһŴ԰㣬ҹδҹδûȥ㣬оԼԼܹܡ
̡
ϸ΢뵽ڣʼ壬ʷȻʼһ˿
Ч
ҹδдϲͷŷż֮ʶʷȴȻһԶͷųһ˲ǰһһ
ҹδȫעͣػնнҵײʱҹδڰ֮УѾӰѾȫϸû
ʱҹδﻹ뵽Լʶ
ĻӰҹδķӦ˵ͻᱻҹδרעӦǰĿǸ֮ϡ
ӦýǸն飬ֹܹͣǸͷɣ
˻صԼǸʯ
ֻǲһӵʱ䣬ҹδ͸оԼĵ߰˰ˣʿսҲûĵô졣һ̫ǿһ滹ҪҹδۼԼǽʯ֮ϣ޷նǸ򣬱㲻òˣǸʯϣɽŵžԼԶǸ

ҹδ³һӿϸС׵磬ǸûͷҹδһֻҪ˻ʯ㲻ٱԼľˡֻһӶʱ䣬ҹδƣΣأκһξΣա
Լһ
ԼǸ½ʿô
ҹδЩƮ˲ȴ
ҹδϥ˽ʯ֮ϣ˷룬մȾһЩϸ΢ʶȻռһ롣ˣҹδһߴԼ壬һߴԼʶһߴռڵľ
еϣҹδĬһԼϲֳһ˿Ц
ЧЧǳ΢С΢СȻҪʮ꣬ҲҪʮꡣ
ʷǾ͸΢Сˡ
Ҳ
̧ͷԶһſҲǿ򣬶Լʷ졣
ֻǡ
Լһ򶼿
ˣ
˵һ½ʥأԼǷͨﴴһֽ
ҹδһսľ飬ȻһǸȥ
䡭
սһοʼһҹδ벻ͷƵȵǽ𽣾ҲʹãֻǴ̣ҪﴴһԼĽ
εʱ΢һЩҲӣҹδɫ԰׵Ļص˳ʼĽʯȻ÷һЩϸ΢һʶһռ䣬Ժŷŵս飬ŴķŬ
ҹδռڲϵһαȥҹδڸоԼˡ뿪Ϣһʱ䡣
ʷ˽ȣΪҹδѾʮһЧԽԽá
㲻ԺܻʯľԽԽԶЧԽԽãĿǰЧҲʷԲ̵ʮ֮ڡ
ʶڵľʷҲɾţռڵЧҪ˲٣Ϊ̫ʷûдﵽһɡ
ҪĽûгɹһζûСҹδնٶȸ죬ͣѾôæҡ
ˣҹδ뵹ǲżˡѾʷ˵ڶλ¼ҲûãģʥأʷǱضģֻʱѡڵǽ˴ϡһ
Ǿǿ죡
ֶˣնס
ҹδڳϴһֻ·߳ո߳߾ʹѩ
Сδ룬ˣ
ҹδ뾶ֱɽµĺȥڵ㣬Ҳɸпб
Ȼƽʱ¶һֵȻǺһܹоеıݡ
֪μͻƣԪֽûȻ壬㣬СֺԸУ
ϵߣݼʦ档
Сδ밡ѩתͷһҹδ룺αչо
ţ
Ҫʷ
Լʮɡ
ֳһ˿ϲɫǶҹδ˽⣬һҹδʷɹӦò̫ƿܹͻƵ
ã
˵ЦݲáѾûʲô׷ˣֻڳһܹҹδܹǳڽʮ꣬ѾܵԲۿʮ֮ǰɾİοԭԼԪδܹҹδɾһ졣
ڿϣ


599 ͷ
ô׳ɾ͵ģ
ʷһͨҪʱ䣬ȴû뵽ŶãͿҹδͻĻᡣ˵һϣҹδͻƻһ㡣
˽ҹδʵҹδͻƻڵԪʿУҲһߵϣˣ䣬Ԫֵܳ£ߴڴҹδҲܹߡֻҪҹδߣھؽϣ
ȻǸϣǰڱøǿڻԪֵܳ£ڻܹȥ
δ룬ĩųϸӽ֮ʱѾŵĳϣνȥɡ
ã
ҹδͷӦϵ˼
һϣűøǿҹδܵȺ飬ȴһӽʺѡһ棬ҹδһڵл
պ
ҹδ벻Ŵȥӭһʿݳ·ʿͷȴ˵߽˴ڡ
ԭʦ֣ɫ˷ܡ
ŵıԭ񲨣Ļˣһǽ£һǽӳѩ
ѾͻʧܣŵӵУҪͻܵѾСˡӳѩȴѾɾܵˣԭ񲨾ͳΪڵе䡣ΪЩӵıˡ
ҹʦˣ˿ҹδ롣
ҹδЩ߹Щӷ׷ʩݼҹδ΢΢ͷ߽˴š
ҹʦ񣬷Ŵ߹ұоһҪϢҪǳ֣Ǻεܣ
ЩҲǸ֪ҹδոմгϵؽ࣬Դ壬մȾҹδϣЩӾ塣
û뵽δȻҹʦ忪̳ҹʦĽһܹͻơ
еʿɫͨ죬еʿ˷ܵս˫ȭ
ˣ˵һСʿҶͬͨڶսˡһʱ伣ڳ򣬶Ҿݴԣһγսǰ˴ڡ֪ҹʦ᲻ὣ뿴ҹʦҶͬ
ҹʦ񲻻ὣɣûù󡣡
ȥɡ
һ߽˴ڼʿһûĵطϽڽռ˵ط
Ϣ֮󣬶һ죬ҹδָһԵĽᡣھһҹδ
ҹδڽ֮ǰɨһ۴ʿ󲿷ֶ˻ϣֻٲ˻֮¡˻֮£ϲҪҪ˻ϵʿҪشˡ
˻һµĵӣͲҪܵʿŻᰲʿҹδ¡Լ֪ܵЩ˻һµʿ
ҹδ뽲˰գֻص˰յʣŽ˽ƮȻԶȥЩʿЩ˻һµ¶ʿԼĶȥһǻǳҲǼʶҹδĲѧǶŻȥչأҲܹСͻơ
ºԭҲͬˣԭѾЩĵĽ£ƺϣĻȼˡ
ҹδֻص˶յϢƣȥٴν뵽ռ䣬ʼ
һͷ֮УΪ顣
ҴҰȥҹδ뾪ϲķ֣Լʷٶ˲٣Ȼ֮ǰѾԤϣԽǰߣЧԽãҲû뵽˺áҲҪ֮áڽն׵ҲƤëһ֣ҹδԭٶȾͿ죬ˡ
ҹδƺһƿƿ飬ֺʵڣһľϵƿҹδ뿪ʼоЩ꣬Ҫһʱƽ
ҹδˡ
øڿɽͽһ쿪ɽͽҪࡣ
ܶڵĴΣϵɱƵҹδնɱߴ콾ǸڲٵӰ죬ǰڵĵһ࣬ôʽӽСŵĵӡ
ųഺϢµӣҹδҲࡣ
ɽͽ֮ҹδ룬ԴԼƵҲȥˡ˼ҹδҪȥߡ
Ȼ뿪Ǵ׵뿪
ҹδվ׵뿪ҹδĵҲףԼȥߴǷԼӣڼԼ
Ҳûк˵˵˾ͲˡϿ˵ȥ
һա
ҹδ̤ţɽһ˿϶Ϣ䣬ڱԭϢ
֮⣬Χڰ֮̽һɽУ߸۷ʿһֱǱޣû֪


600 
߸ߴڣǾһһߵȴҹδϢΧɱҹδ룬û˿ġ߸۷壬һһߴڵʵǿΧɱһܵΪ̫Сġ
ҹδƵնɱŵܵ콾ܵܵź蹵ĲࡣҪ߸ֻҪеκһܹնɱҹδ롣
ŵҲܣֻ̬رɡ
ĶҲֻֻҪʮ꣬ҹδ벻µʿǰֻǡҲҪһֱȥ
һա
߸ɽںȲ۵һĨ⼤ץסǵ⣬ȴһѶ񽣣ʶɨһ
ҹδˡ
ߴһȻɣȴҲҪɣĽǲ١ߴ˼ƻնɱҹδ룬ڻûзӦ֮ǰһնɱҹδ롣ȴûܹڵԪʿ׷ɱ
һ֣ôľ룬ڵԪض˲Ϣ֪Ȼ׷ɱҪҹδ룬Զ֮նɱҹδȥ
߸˷˸߿գܵǣֻܵǸո͵ȴѾʹ߸ʹڱ֮Уңҹδ롣ֻҪҹδ뻹ܵͲܷǡǣҹδͲܵҲδػᶯ֣Ҫһ̽ҹδΪ硣
ܹûɵӣǽ֮ˡ
ҹδǱ꣬ΪûоҲҹδͻɽܲΪ
ҹδ벻߳Χ֮⣬оڼԼϾһܵʿһ൱硣ûǸ򿴣Լļƻһȥ
Ҫȥεأ
ƽԭ
ڷ㶼Ѿ˶תʵѾǴԲ磬ҪףܹͻƷ񾳽硣ƽԭǷʿʥأҲ֮ء
ﲻ壬ҲһʥأҲһΣ֮ء
ֻҲոմегҪƽԼ顣־飬ÿһδӷƽľһЩ
ڸ֪׷Լˣж٣ʲôΪҹδ벻֪ķһֳ嶯ɱȥ֪ˣɹˣҲԼľķҲһħסĥŶԷɱϸǰ
߸ҲʮֽҲҹδʲôܹǵĸ٣˴ҹδһֻۣһʿҹδ룬Ǹʿ˼ҹδܹоҲΪֻһʿڸʵҲȷʵˡ
ҹδھΪֻһʿڸлڲ²⣬ԼˣʲôΪ
ǿ϶ģǲ֪ء
ƲڣҲ۷塣ֻһ۷ĻԼܹӦҶԼ˵Ҳһĥ£ֻĥµЧ˵ΪٸһЩͺˡ
һգΪҹδٶȲ죬Ҳ⻹ҹδٶȣһܵʿľ磬֮ˡ
ǹˣΪоʱƣԼʿеķ꿪ʼӣ֪Ϊڻ̫Լʿҳ֡ͨԶţǸԼʿͻ֡ǣԽǷ꣬ҹδ֪ԽǶԼľһĥ£ʶؿԼٶȡ
ñ߸ʿв⣬ҹδǴµʱؽٵ״ܸ߸Ҳʱؽ
ҹδôߵô
Ƿ˰ɣ
ᣡ
ǡ᲻һıڵıҪǳ֣Ȼնɱҵȣ
ǣûܣ
߸ȻڱضƲ⵽ߴڵʿȺҹδ룬̶նɱҹδ롣ҹδΪն̶նɱ
ǵĲЩš
ԣıڳҲǻǵԪʱͷˣǵڻûжǶ֡
˵Ϊʲô
ô֪ҲΪڱˣγɽˮûĿģȻظ·
˵еٽһЩ
һߴӽʮպҹδ붼Զǧˣ߸ûгֻ֣Ǹ١Ѿ¶˾ģ֮⣬Ͳ֡


601 ƴɱ
ҹδĵǽƽڼ仹ǳأ䡣ҹδҲͣԷȲ裬ͬһˣľԽƽ꾡ȥ
ֹȥ˽ʮգҹδѾ֮߳ңҲǳ֣ܹ֪ǸԼˣһֱڣһֱڸԼȴһֱ֡
ѵߴڵˣŵڰбԼ
˵ߴڵڵȸۣΧɱԼ
𣿡ʱھҹδ֮ߴʶ໥顣
Ѿ֮ˣҲöˡӦòڵı
ǾͶ֣
˻
ߴŰ֮ҹδХ
ҹδɫ䣬ߴһ˲䣬֪Լ˲һ߸Ǵ𣬴߸˷еϢϣ˲͸֪߸۷塣
ӣս
ҹδ˲о˾װ֪˲Ϣ֮䣬߸ֻʮֻҪ˲䣬ҹδ붯ˡ
ʵϣߴľûȫҹδϡǿնɱҹδҲһ飬һ˾͹ˡԣֻǸڵרɱҹδ룬Ĵ뾫˼ΧռϣͻȻڵʿ֣Ҳеļƻ
Ųơ
ҹδȻתӭߴŲơ
ҹδŲѾ˳뻯һ㣬ռڣϵغ֣ɼٶֶ죡
ֲȥǸר׷ɱʿܿռʿԣʿӦҹδѾƹֱƽ̵
Сġ
ǸġָոճڣҹδӰѾƽǸ
ҹδÿ춼նףǽٶ찡࣬û򣬷ٶȰ٣ǽһɱƽ̵ԴͱʮƬѪӲǻ˳
Ӱ˫ѽλãʿҹδϣֳǹ㣬£ֻǽնӰһ˲䣬ҹδѾͷ£ͷҲصطһ
Ǻӣ
ӵңǳǺӣ嫵ײȥȱҹδһնɱͬ龪ٱڵĺǺ㣬ȫҪҹδֻ֣ͷųԼǿӭǺӣȴûпҹδѾ֡
䡭
ǺײĺǺΪֹһͣĽΧĿռҳҹδƺһˣɫɲǽĲ԰ףһ˿Ѫ
۷ܾ֮£ǿһҹδˣȴԾ˿˿ϲáܵԲӲ۷һԼʵҲܹﵽ۷塣Լʵһж
ȴһɣտʼҹδһննɱͬ𾪿ʼʱȻҹδǿԲϵĶ֡ʱǵﻹһ˿ﻹһ˿߸ǰǶͷ
змŵӢͬʱҲܣڵľ콾ҹδ룬ҪǵС
䡭
Ŷ˵ҹδ׷ɱ˹ȥǿĵڱաҹδ볤һ죬гܼǣͬһײ˹ȥ
ǻ
䡭
ǻײڱյĵҲܾʧǶԷǲƵĵҹδ븲ǶЦŲĵҹδȥ
ϡ
ҹδɫӵĲ԰ףڿһ̣ٴδ̳һƬǺӡ
ˣ˸ߺȡ
ն
ܣȴڴ˿̸ֳһ˿
ͬʱҹδһ˿ϲɫһʿ̤֮ϡ
ϡ
ǸʿĽ±ܼĽǧ滨
á
һ̣һ˿ʲôˣҹδظͷǺӣȴһֱûͷ֡
ȻȥµʿѾʳ촷ۣ
䡭
ǺײҹδӰٴεˣɫӲ԰ףʣµʱȴɫԥǰ
̴ٵĽ֣ǰ󲻵Ϣҹδֻˣȴʱ룬ҹδ
ϵĲ԰ףǵѪ
Χûвµ֣
ʿɽѾǶʿˡ
ԪʿޣѾԶضΣײɽšʿչأҲײɽߴһЩÿŵҲʮÿһŵľ޴ʧǵǰȴͬһ㣬˲Ϣ֮նɱ
β־壬β£


602 Գ
ҹδʱҲڸ𶯣ѪӿȻƲأȴҲݺӡϾֻܵݺܵȴŲࡣͻֻһأҲնɱǰ
Ѿ֪Զڿ̽룬Ǳ˵ƣմ£һҹδͬ磬ͬŲƣѸٵΧڿתһȦҴ˲ʮֻʮžҹδ뵭ؿһۣԶӶȥ
㶵ҹδԶȥӰʱѾףҹδӦΧǲ˲ʮ֣һƶͻ֡
ô죿
˴˶ӡ
׷ǲ׷
׷ܴ
ҹδֻһܵ
׷Ž
һܵ
˻ĿĹˣǿԶʿʿеŵеһ峤ܹ뵽ЩĿĺ塣
޷Ǿߴڵ߸ΧɱڵһܵȻܵɱ뵽ϵķ쭣ߴҪ˥ˣҪˡ
һݣղɱҹδ룬ƱӰ쵽ߴڵӰ쵽ߴڵˡ
ɱ
ɱ
˶䡣
ˡ
ͷųǿķ֣ҹδʧķ׷ȥĵ
ǡ
ȴһ㣬û֡
͡
ԶЦǿֵǿ̲סЦɫڵرǺ죬ԼǱҹδϷˣˡ
ҹδմ˼ʮ£ԼΪҹδ벼֣װ׵˳ʱ䣬ҹδߵĻᡣ
ˣ
ʱﻹһ˿־
еŭû˿־壬ʧԶҹδķ׷ȥ
ಡ
ԶӰں棬ߴΧɱǿִܵȥˡÿһʿжһԤУҲһսԤʾ߻ķˮ롣
һ׷һ߽ʶ˳ȥ֪ſռĲѰҹδټƺǧҹδ롣
ʱҹδϥһ֮еʯϣ˹ˡʶ׽ҹδ룬̿ҹδ룬֮ңؿȻڰ֮ңɺҹδ벼֣ÿһ˶ͷǿķ֡
ҹδ۾˰֮ĿǵĿײԤ׷Լ·ʱµ֣ѾԶ
ͻȻҹδɫһ
ͻȻʶΣǰơ
湻СĵģҹδΡ
䡭
ҹδ벼µֱʶݺڱҹδ֮Ŀռ䡣¡
ҹδýƻ
ǴʱΪֽҿռ䣬ûпҹδѾǳ˹ֵҲ˲Ϣ֮䣬ҹδƻʱɢɲǼ䣬ǿҹδӰǵನ಻ʮ
룬ת˲
ˣѾˣæͷųĵʱ䣬зգݺᣬҹδûͬʱҲ˲˾ģͬʱŶҹδ˹ȥֻҪ˴˽ӽܶǱҹδҲˡ
֡
ǸʱҾͿԽ಩ı£ҹδǿҲֻһˣǾͲɱɱҹδ룡
ҹδڣġ찡ǿ콣ҲǴնִɣ硣
ʱ˫ƺ˾ģ˴˶Գ壬˴˶ûһ˿ԥ
͡
ҹδӽٶӰ·γһֹĽ֣һмʿɴ
һ˺໥ٶȶԳ壬˫û˿أ㶼ȫ
Χ۵ʿɷһƬʿǵ۽̫ζʲô
ִɽѿˣǿҲǵͽʿ֮䣬˻ַʽˡ
Ϊ̫Σգ̫̫пᡣζʱ
еĻ̲ס˴ֿڣǷˣ
ʿ˵һûֱһּȵķΪڼ˵ľ£Żγ־棬־һʼԤʾһɱض䡣
ֻǲ֪֮ˣҹδ룿
ٶ̣˫ȴȻûκμٵףԼٶȶԳ塣
Щʿף˫Ѿ뵽־棬ҪҲˣȫ״̬תɷأֻһɷأתĹУҲôһ˲¶ֲϵɱһ˿Ҳǽ˶Է


603 ն
ڱȵľǿ˭ľĴ󣬿˭־תΪأ˭תֱĹ켣жܣ˭Ĺ¶һ˿
˵ҰУ˫ûתΪأû˸ı켣ܣ˫ڽҪʹԷ¶һ˿
˫û¶ҹδĳնʿһαֱسߵڶ
ԭڿУӸ£ֱ߶ԳǸǵʿʱ˫Ѿӽǵʿ¸壬ҹδȴǷҡֱϡ˲ӽµĸҲʼҰС
ƿٶ̫죬ȻӰȴܹƿĿΪҵĦİ
ʯ֮䣬˵ĳѾײνҰеȴһ˿ҹδ׵֮дٶ̫죬նգֻһնҹδһƳҹδκ˽򱳶ȥ
ԶʿǻĶ亹Ϣ֮ѸѸ䣬ʵǿòпᣬûʿ΢΢ҡЩʿԾر㽫ԼȥԼԣԼҹδһһԼǷ񻹻ţ
ȻкܲԸϣǸǣѾˡЩڵʿһо㤡һŵ
лһܵ
Щܵʿһڴ룬Աȡ
Ȼһľºʧ䡣
ס̫ף̫죬ȫǲĴ򷨣ִѾܾúܾûùˣѾˡ˵侲̬׼жϣĹҺƣʶʲôǰ˴ŵʿ
Щ˷𣿡
ۡ
ʱ򣬺ҹδֱԳǸԴͻȻѿѪ˳ȥŵ׹䡣
һ
ʣµĸвһȻͿҹδʱҲתͣٳǶԳ˹ûһ˿ԥٶûһ˿Ŀгźͼᶨޱߵɱ⡣
Ƿˡ
ĸʱвظֳͷԭĶ־ǵʿ£ѿһ϶ҹδԳ˹ȥĵҹδй
ҹδûͷԼĵֻնײϵؽĵ룬м䴩һŶԷȥǼ˿ʲôһǰ޻ڡ
ĽϿʼһ˿˿׵磬Գ֮УʼһЩն׵ľҪʼһ˿
䣬дֲҲдԵ
һЩ壬ҹδĽٸ죬ĽӰֻܹ˿˿ڿռԾ
ĸ˼ᶨԭѿһ϶ʱҹδٶһ֣˫Գ
ҹδоһʹϴνľ飬ɽڵþһȻҹδпһɼǵĽۣѪ䡣
ǲɽһϲȵˣ
ʿһڿ裬תҲתҹδ룬ĿҹδϣѾȾ졣
ǡ
ĸɫһ䣬ǼҹδٴǼضԳ˹
ˣ
ĸʿʱеһ˿ѷ쵹ֺϣܹ˵ҹδ룬ô´Σܹնɱҹδ롣
ĸҵҹδԳ˹ȥ
ۡ
һԴͻȻǻѪǸԴ˼ݴڣԼҲӦ˹ԭһζԳʱѾҹδն˲ӣֻҹδĽ̫̫죬ʱǰ壬Դ
µڶԳԭֺϵһ˿еѷ죬Ȼٶѿѵñһδ̫ࡣ
ԭΪԼûҹδ룬ʵȴѾնɱһˣĸоԳζһ٣һ٣Σ١о״𣬵Ҳˡֻ죬Ӱ
ಡ
ͷҲصطӶȥǵҹδתȻ
ۡ
µǸʿԴʱѿѪ䣬׹䡣
ˣ
ҹδȻĿֳһ˿ϲûпռ䣬ûôĵ㽫ߴնɱˡտʼնɱһ˵ǶԷӣǺնɱˣӲա
û뵽ն׵ЧܹʷȻһʽĳΡ

ҹδնףֻгΣٶȺ嶼ֻǳΣûšһţ죬ܽǿ
ӰѾʧˡ


604 Ӱ
˾˰ɣǲܣԼɱˣϢҲܿᴫɽ磬˴ڡ
ڵʿӦúܸ˰ɣرϡ
ߴڣƻᱩŭκһţʧһǶһشʧߴҲ⡣
ҹδĿɨһۣԶΧ۵ʿЩʿҹδĿɨĪܡҹδŲƣ˲ʧ

Χ˾㶼һʵҹδĵδΪʲôܹնɱֻܵ
̾ϢһŹۿҹδսձĸо־磬ԼҪҹδߣߴߣȴûаӭҹδһҹδͻǻǿһʲô̶ȣǻشǸʿ⣺
ΪҹδĽ̫죡
Ϊ𣿡ΧʿһƬãȻ
ǰ쵽һ磬ǾѾٶˣǵ
ԱһʿҲ̾Ϣһǿ찡Ŀһɵģһֶصɣ·ӦӣѾ˿һ˿˰
ҹδһӦҪ𣿡
û˻شһ̾ÿе临ӣܵ˾ҵ𶯡
Ҫ
Ǻȥδӣ
Ҫ֪΢Щλż壬ɶǲμ˺ΧڣڽǱж
ǡ𣬻ǣ
Žͬǰһ㣬Ǻͣ
ǡնɱҹδ룬ҲûԺĵǡ
ҹδѰһطصĵطܹϢȥ֮󣬻ɶӰ졣ûԼƣȡ˴Ѷ̣ɽйͨҡ
ѶͷųĻȻҹδ죬ڹĻϳϣȸжҵ˵סҹδ뿪ôãô֪ܲ
ҹδŵϣβģǣ
ʱҹδɫ԰ףǻѪѾȾ졣ѩһӾͽ
δ룬λãȥ㡣һŽӣҹδһůӼʦ棬ʦ
˵ЩûõģĶȸˡ
û£ҹδ¶õЦݣҪ˵һ£ҲźҪ
ʲô¶Ļϵ侲ϾǴʿȹľǳ졣
ʱ򣬱ߴ߸۷Χɱ
ĻϵǶ鴤һ£ʱȴûмΪҹδܹúõغǹͨ˵û¶
ɱ
ϣʱҲɫһ䣬Ҹǲŵѿڶʲô˵ʲô
ɱҹδٴظ
ĻϵĴгĬˣԭǼҹδˣб϶ҹδܵǸ
ҲǣһܵԲ߸۷ΧɱУܹӳѾˣ
ǡ
Ȼҹδɱ
ҪǱ˵ǻһĭϡҹδ벻ѡ
󼸸ɫһ䡣
ҹδôɱѾҪˣҪǺӰ졣ȸΪһ֮뵽˺ܶࡣҹδ룬Ҫһ£ϾҹδδĽӰˡΪҪĿɲʵжԾƵѸٱ仯ѸĶԲߡ
δ룬ܹͨǣѾ뵽һЩɣ˵˵
ãҹδͷֻܹ뵽Ӱ죬һңһš
Ļϵɫ·𿴵ԼҺɳȸε
˵
ҹδͷ˵´ȥ֮˵ɽҿӦʦ档ҼɽЩż壬ûоҾߴҲۣعã۾ͻᴫɽ硣
ǻᵼʲôأȸؿҹδ롣
ҹδ뵭һЦɽźͼ壬ǰμڽǱжǵĻ᲻ͼǻۣ·
һ·ǰǰŽһ·ǷѣеͼᰵŹͨ·ǽնɱ
ĲȸͷΪӦô
ҹδɫԥһµҾͲˣԼͺá
δ룡ֵڵôľô˵Ҳ֪Ƕ
ðɣҹδһµҾӦ̬ǰǰ飬ҵҲֻǱƽǱҲûжʧǵĶֻߴڣźͼ壬ǿԼ̡˱ضںͼķѡǰǰ㣬ɽ硣
ȸͷ֮¾͵ǻᾡоڸĵص㣬Ȱӻ
ҡȥ


605 ʵĲ
δ룬֣˼ˣѩȿڣɽûе⣬Ҳûɱ㣬ߴڱضɱ㡣ɳ߸۷壬´ɳʿҲ۷壬߸ڡ
ᱻɱģ
ҹδĬȻƬ̵صӦʦҲɱģҲȥҪˡ
ҹδѸٵعر˴Ѷ̣ϣͶһȻȻѩЦ
δ뻹ǵӴ󡣾ȻҲǡ
ֵ̾ϢһĵôŴ͵͵ܳȥұߴΧɱҲ
ô죿üǳ
ô죿ֵЦˣСӥѾˣ뱻ӥˡȥɡ
ţ
ɫһǰĴѶйĻҹδӰֳڹĻ֮С
ܸϸһߴжܵϵʿ𣿡
ȸҹδˣô㻹ߴڵʿɱ⣿
ǣҹδ֣ܵ˽һµ˵ʵҲܸõ׼
ȸͷϸҹδߴڸһԪ棬Ӧ֪
ţ
ɽڣǺ֮㣬Ҫ˲١
ɽֻһԪڵˣߵĸŵģ
Ǻں̡
ڲɽھʣˣǵĺ󾢲ʮܵ
ҹδбһݣֻܵ˵ʵǶϲˡǲɽȴʮ˸ܵڣֻʱ⡣
ںͲɽڲֻ࣬ǵԪĸʮŸܵ
ƽԪ
ҹδһݣڵԪѾˡ
߸Ŷˣʮ߸ܵ
ҹδĬȻԪʿѾƽˡԪѾʼٶԷһˣܵǲ̫ࡣŸǿ䣬ڻʲôľ档
ҲԪʮһܵÿʿʵǿͬУдùǵġΪǺ¶ݣĶ࣬ʵǿ
ĸԪ
ҹδ벻ĿһһӾڵ
߸ӦоŸʮܵ
Ԫʮʮʮ˸ܵ
ʵǿĻڣԪʮһжʮʮŸܵһŸ
˵˵ţȸҹδأоޱߵѹ
ڿԺźͼ廯ɸΪ񲯣ǺߴھԲᡣΪڿϣߴҲϣΪǺڻǰĳޣ䲻ϵضڵԣߴڱضһֱΪС
ʱҹδвףΪʲôߴڲڶ֣ɱ֮ǻܹ侲ϷԼΪھһϻ޷ǾϡֻҪһڸûл֮
ô
ֻԪܵ
ڼأ
ʮԪʮʮ˸İһʮŸܵ
ô
ҹδص˴Ѷ̣ʼˡ˵죬Ȭ֮׼뿪֮ء֪ߴڵʵСĽһҪԼȫʢ״̬뿪ǰǸıԼòȴҶͬģһòر˷һţڶ΢һ˿һ˿ħй¶ҹδϢòͬһʿ
һºȹûдɴݣɽڳһ·ĳǵķȥ
֮ҹδĳǣΧʿܵؾҹδԶһЩʵϵ˲ϲҹδ˼̣һԳȻ뿪ĳǡ
һµݾҪӦĵͻᱻϳš
ҹδݵǴĽҹδݵǽ󣬶׼Ǵ߷·ӡҲҪһЩȻȥƽԭԣǾһַԵˡ
ǵ뿪ŵʱûıݵļƻҲûڲѡԵĵҲ̫⣬ҪǴ𣬽ֻǶĲ䣬ѧһͺá
ĳѡһĳ˵ƷߵķԵ罣
ÿǸ·;ķ羰ȻҲѰһЩԵһЩ¡
ȻٽϢʿĹע


606 
һա
ҹδ˱ǣǾ뱩ƽԭһǳء
ƽԭ壬Ҳ壬ط̫ƫԶϡһĺõط廹壬Ը⻨Ѿռûʲô塣ֻҪԵʿŻ
ԣܻңʿɱرʿʿ֮ɱ
֪ĸʱڣԼҲǧˣЭ飬ｨһǳأһƽĳУҲһ޴Ľ׷С
Ǳǡ
嶼ҪҲű˴ҪԼûеԴʵҲҪôһطرԺƽʱڡ
ʿ򣬲ڱڷΥߴа档ֻҪ뿪ǣɱ⡣
ʵأԴӱǽ֮󣬸տʼʱ򣬻ڱڱɱȻ󱻱Ǵʿնɱڱɱԭ㿪ڵĻᡣ˰֮ڱľҲûзһɱ顣ɱӵ˱⡣ʱڱڣʿ֮ľףȻԼǾڳɱ˶ᱦ飬ҲŷҲ˽ǧ꣬ȻԽԽ١
ΪǵӰ¶ˣ壬壬˱ǴĺôԽԼõԴǱԴսһӰҲûʲôɱˡ֮ǰվڱǳǽϣʱܹɱ
ǱʶУǧɵϰУѾﵱһƽ֮ءԣҹδһ·ؽӽǵʱжھȡ
˽ǵʿﲻʿ֮䣬̸ЦҲ˵˱ǵĹأɽ䱸;衣һڱڰɱԼΪԼķɳɹˣǱǰɱԼձɱˣΣ
Լˣ
߽˱ǣ;һ߹ͣһѰһҲ跻˽ȥնɱߴʿѾȥ˰ˣҹδߵֲ죬ӦѾϢˡԣҹδ׼ڲ跻ΧʿĽ̸
ʱڴ£ڽһλ顣ѵõľߴڵ
ߴԪ۵
Ǵ٣ȻǺҡƽԽƣǧɽԶ
߸ǵԪڣԾΪߣѾﵽ˵Ԫ۷塣߸ǽһĵãȻſʼ⡣
µȻΪҹδĺԭΪ鲻󣬵ȴû뵽Ӱǲòӡû뵽ڵķӦô졣ǸոյҹδնɱϢ죬ھʹ̬ȡ
ڵ̬ȷǳǰĶԹѾ¡ϾںڷжԵĻһ塣Ϊ壬һЩίҲΪ˴ַ¡Ը͸ںƽҲԸߴֵֿ塣
ȵһѻ֮ڼǿˣҲСˣһжΪ塣ܸɳޣЦ顣
һ¾ߴڱˡ
ߴ֮֮ǰһֱžԵƣΪǵĻ֮СǹЮڣγ˴ơִ£˵ڵڣӦҲĪκΡ
ڵɴƿʼˡ
еźͼпʼԥ
԰
ҹδһܵȴܹߴ۷Χɱ֮£ͻΧնɱ
ʲôͣⶼʾ֮࣬رǵһ£ҹδʮꡣ
ʮܵԲ
ڵɽ޽аһܹߴ۷Χɱ£ǿնɱӰʯ¼սĳ棬ǿҹδ־ȻĶԳ壬ֲĴ򷨣˺ë
ܵԲߴ۷ΧɱУǿնɱ˵ҹδսҲ۷壬ﵽ˺ڡһˣͻ޵˰ɣ
һˣûпͻƻԪ
ȻǧɽѾٶͻƻԪǧɽҲûгҹδﰡ
ֱһӦ
ҹδǿƣҲЩſߴڵ˥䡣˥䣬ôᷢߴΧɱһܵ
ǾҪǺˡ
뵱֮ǰЩҲǸߴ壬׳ߴڵҲûжɶ˺


607 
ʵϣҲڳ˲ֻ̬ͬ⽻Ǳһ̸ʯ顣
ߴĿҲֻǿǱߴڿǱڳưԵԭûǱڣջû䡣ӵǱǣջʢͬʱҲʯ飬οǿвԣʧһǱߴڡ
֮ǰڶ⣬һֱΪߴڵİףѹڵڰߴڵļƻ˥Ȼˡ
ƺӡ
ǲҪ̸һ£
ܹõĻͽһ£
ûԶѣҲûԶĵˣֻ档ǲǲܺڻɸΪ񲯡
е뷨ûôңҲԥԼǷӦñһͷڹꣿ
Ǵ֮ôȥˣҪǣЩСϺס
ȻҲҹδնɱˣʲô鶼ˡ
뷨ˣеļ塣Ϊһ壬ǿʿҲҹδ붼նɱˣʱȥߴڵڻ
Լȥ׷ɱҹδ룿
ɣ
ԣʱЩĸ֣չصıչأ̽żΪڣʧʧǰ̬Ȱ˳
ǿʿҲǻͬðաֻҪҹδͻǵУʵҲͲԶˡϾҹδܹܵնɱ˭֪ҹδͻ֮ܵܲնɱ
Լȥڻң
϶УҲˡ
һֻа˸ǰ˴ڡʵ˼ӵֻжţŵԪʿ˷˼ģҲֻǶšź֮뷨ͬͬһڣ˼Ҳͬ۲ݡ
˵ҹδնɱ飬Ҳû뵽˴Ĳ
һССʱϣľУ˲׳Ĺ
ߴʮͷۣһЩ⧲ߴ۵ԭ򣬿ɼߴҲʶµҪԣѾԶԶһܵСҹδˡ
٣ҹδĺҲ֪ǲߴڵѾˡʲôҡ˾١
ٵ˵ֻС֮Ҳûôء
ǺԴС֮ǽȴѾɽľƣߴڲڶʱǿƷӦĴƣҪˡ
ǧдһ˿ҹδǵһСʿδȴδءһʮܵԿδ
Խɫʵܼ򵥣ֻҪɱҹδͺá
Ҫɱҹδ룬ܵҵҹδ롣ҹδʧһ㣬ȫҲ˿ټ
Զ˼⣬һҪҵҹδ룬Ȼնɱԭ֮Ļ֡һӦڵ̬ȡ
ٵͷҪֳ棬һһҪӦڣڲҪԹȻӭҲҪڳ̬ʵϣЩСźͼ˼ӣΪǾ粻ʶǳһǿܲ˵ġھںơǾͺƤܹԻڣǷɾ裬ǾʹﵽǵĿġ
Ҫҵҹδ룬ȻǿƽɱֻҪһƾͻٴλصǵС
ڵҲҹδ롣Ǻ
ееźͼ壬ǲҪǳ֣ڻңֵߴڣֻҪΪҵҹδ롣
ڵĴֻŷѵףȴûķѣߴֻҪûǸźͼΥ
ˣôźͼ壬ɽһ˸һֻҪҹδ¶棬;Իټ
һϢҹδûзڡҵҹδټ̫á
Ҳ׷׵ͷǿ͹ʵ
ںļɽĸɽһûܹж¶ۼ
ڵʲôʿȥɱҹδ롣ҡڵ
ԶȷһΧɣɻʿʿ
Щ̫˰ɣҡͷҾûɡЩգڰɡ
ǧ￪ڵҹۿǳսʵҹδһǲľ棬ƵǵʿòԳ塣ľ棬߸۷壬ҲܹնɱڸһЩ߸ںúÿӰʯĥһҹδսʽ


608 ħ
ǡ
ҹδϣжŲѣлȻ֮ɫ
û뵽ô󣬾ȻڳԹ̬֮ǰԼĽ黹ֻǷЩźͼĶԹðͷֱָߴڡȴû뵽ߴڵĶԹҲԸ¡
跻УЩʿ²ۣҹδ뻺ѷ£ŸոĸϢȻˡ
ڵıڳ̬ҪѴơ
ǰôȴûᡣԼǿԼնɱĻԻսԽӣһٲ
ҹδĿɨЩ²ʿв̾Ϣ
ıЧ
׽İ
ǡ
ߴڲܿߴڻ
Ȼնȥ򰡣
ԼɾΣˣ
ԼڵòϢˣҲҲԼܺߴλɳʲôΪʿ
Ȼÿųһ߸ʿ
Ӧòܣǻò̫աϾԼնɱ۷壬ҲºòҵԼԼ㲻֮ǰǰնɱǣҲԼͻΧߡԡӦڣ
ҹδ룬վڵĸʴЩ
룬㽫·£ʲôΪԼ¶ߴҲҲԼԼصʱԽãڵı͵ʱҲԽߴڵĴѺҲ
ȥ䱩ǣǹһЩҩ
ҹδ뿪˲跻ڱڹ죬Ĳϵǲ࣬ƷߵĲϡû취ΪѾǴڣҪͻƵҪĲϿɶʮָ߼Ҳҹδҷ񣬷һĺѡ
ҲûкôҹδĴָУźܶƵĵҩ֮ǰԼôȬƵĵҩû
ҹδ뿪˱ǣűƽԭȥ
Ǿ뱩ƽԭѾܽˣֻǧ֮ңʿ˵ĲǾ롣ҹδ߳Ǻ󣬱оԼˡҲû˿⣬Լڱ죬ĲϿǻ˲ٵʯǸƷĲϡ
ϲŲ
ڱٺƽҲʿ̰еʿûϣΪǵļֵ
ҹδûںɲűƽԭȥ
󣬸ŵʿ٣кü壬Ҳ塣ʮʿ
ʮʿ˸ʱЩԥʵҹδϵϢЩŰǸħ޵Ϣ
ɽħ޺٣Ϊһħѱѣɱ¾ĿܣջᱻʿΧɱħ޵ʵǿͬ׼޵СرǻŵħޣʵǿֲЩҲ£˶ˣȻû֡
ҹδͣ˽Ųͷʮʿʮʿʱͣ˽Ųһ䱸ҹδ롣ʱҪҹδ룬ҹδǡ
ҹδʱоȻζеĲͷͲмɼʮʿŭͬʱָоľ
ͷˡ
ҹδתٶǰУǲ죬ʮʿûи㿴ңҿ㣬Ȼ˹뿪һʣµ˸ɢˡʱʿһҧҹδ˹ȥ
ҹδ뿴ʿҲֻܵвһ̾૵
˭ǵĵӣ
ȻૣȴĴ뵽ÿһʿĶУҹδʿоһȻһнǵϣʿˤڵϣѾ͸ˣֳԭΣ֮һûˡ
󡭡𣡡ʿȻʧɫ
ҹδͣתŶȥʣµʿ彩Ӳƶ֪ʱԼӣҲӲͷŷٶȣһֳ˿־֮ɫ
ҹδʬǰʬս˴ָ̧ͷһ۶ʿļʮʿɫһףȻҹδתȥ

ǼʮʿֱҹδıӰʧ³һֻѾʪ͸
ħ֪˭ѿڶҹδħ˴˳ȥ
ƽԭ
ҹδվƽԭıԵܹƽԭϹķ籩ֵǣǷ籩ֻƽԭڳ֣ȴγƽԭ
ҹδ̤룬ڷдУΪûн뵽ƽԭ֮ǰı粢вҲŽ룬ڱƽԭУǷлϣŷ磬ŷ硭
ԭ֮ȫɵԡʱҹδרעڷ磬ſ飬ڷУضԷһ˿


609 
һ˿˿Ĺ켣Ȼģ壬ȴҲ˷
ҹδɽʧˣ
ߴڶԱеźͼ壬γһ޴磬ҹδͬ󺣣ʧȥһеټ
֮ǰʧ˰ּ꣬ʧ˰ꡣ
꣡
ʿвǰ׾Թ϶ľ£ȴߴڵĴҡΡǶҹδǲǱ͵͵ӻˣԼ͵͵ˡۺϸϢдǱİ̽ͻϢҹδûڡ
ƽԭڡ
ӽҹδǱվһγԳ򣬵ǿ񱩵ķнɱ˻ϵ֧飬϶űи˿ڡ
ҹδ˳һξ룬ķѾ˲ü˼ڷˣҪٽһȴҪűƽԭ롣ʵ֪Ҳǲܣǵʱȥĥһ㽫ԼԷĸһ롣
Ҫʱ̫ˣҹδûнʡʱķ
У
ǱѰһֻ幦
ڵҹδҲûл幦¡ǳˣͷܹһξ룬µԺͷ粻ͬͷ֮һ㡣ԣܹҵһԵĻ
Ӧаɣ
ǳ˱һ޴彻׳ǱˣǵΪ˱ƽԭġػŸֹڷĵܹһԵĻܹУܹ˴壬ԼʷҲõܹûиҵ磬һõķ
ҹδ뿪˱ƽԭٴ˱ǡ
һҼȻԵĹܶ࣬ڷԵĻҲкܶࡣȴûҹδġ뿪˱ǣԶȥǧ֮⣬Ѱһɽ˵ɽָòϢҳ˴Ѷ̡
Ļ¶˾ϲĶҡǽŵشһҹδ룬Ȼһ
δ룬Ķ
ƽԭ
Ȼһ߷ֳʶŷɴѶ񽣣һʵҪҪڷٽһ
ǣ
ҵͷֲûҵ㡣ҲҪСģߴҪҷˡڱƽԭֻҪ˿㣬ܿͻߴڵʿȥΧɱ㡣
ף
㲻ףѩţĻϾͳϺȸӰѩɫص
ȻߴڴҡΣںͼ廹ϰϵߴڣ˵˵ڴϸߴڡںͼѾֲһ޵ǲҪභֻѰټ
ټض¶Ҳھ¶ټˣߴɱʿٻڡ
ѩȻͣڹĻǿҹδݱ仯ȻŹĻҲܹҹδʱñ塣
ǶȻҹδķ֪һͬҹδŵʱ򣬾ϢڱαϢڶȴħ˵ҹδħڱϢ

ıòıϢǵ棬ϲҹδ룬ֲҹδʧ˰궼ûбϳ
⡭Ӧûˣ
ѩ˶ˣҲа֪ҹδӣǲܻġ񿴵ҹδ׼һֱܹһЩ
ʲô¶ѩֳЦݡ
ҪһַԵĻƷԽԽá
Уѩ΢˼һµһ¡һ֣
ΪףǷѡΪֻһķǷȴ塣ֹֻѾܾûȥˡ
Ϊʲô
Ϊ̫˷ʱ䣬ҶսҲûʲô̫İһˮĥĵ
ҹδ룺ҲûרֻǵԵһָ
⵹ǿԣڻҪϿѵĵطڱƽԭ㲻ڱƽԭɣ
ţ
һӣѩ΢΢ҡͷҪעǣֹʹ࣬ҪڷĵطȻһӳ֡һ˵Σա
ҹδȤʦ棬ɽԷΪ𣿡
ȻУѩ̾ԷԵΪŵķͬһ㡣
ǿҹδԼǸʿƺûôǿ
ǲǴսоʿûôǿ
ҹδ죬Щ˼
ѩһҿǳս¼Ӱǳս̫ͻȻ˵ɵľ̫ͻȻƵ˫òں̵ܶؾڶԳ壬ʧȥáҲ˵߸ûлʹԼǿĵƣͱɱ˵´㲻Ǹᡣ
㲻Ҫˣ


610 
ᣬǲܹҹδЦǺǵ
ƤЦѩȵ
ҹδɫһǰѷҰɡ
ȥ
Щ˻ûȸ뿪˶ҵĶֻܿҹδ

ã
ʱҹδ˴Ѷ̣ϥɽУŷһЩ֮󣬽ͣ˼ߴڵ顣
ҪҪһ
ߴڼжʮԪʮʮ˸İһʮŸܵʵ̫ۺˣŪ
ҹδ룬ҡҡͷûǸʱ;˵ԼڵʵȥѰܵʿҲЩ˵ȥԺ󿴿ɡܲŪ
ҹδһͷ˱ƽԭѾЩɴˡ
ҹδڱƽԭĿǰֻһһǴ壬ûĳɾͣʱ˶Է
򣬶ûǿ͵壬ûзĳͣ޷뵽ƽԭ룬뵽ƽԭ룬Ѿŵİޡ
鵽˳ѩ˵ðգǷȷʵвΣУԼǱܣȴߵѽݾ
ĵһ׶Ƿ÷ûз϶ڱȫ塣
׶ζҹδľ磬һڷţúܼ򵥣ֻǲһʱ䣬ڶ׶Ծࡣڶ׶ν㣬˿˿д壬ҪͣرкȻշΪá
ҪҹδӷĵطʼеǿǶΪˣÿδʱòʺϣܹʷĴܹԼĸַ֮УҪӰԼսʵԼս
ֿУҲǶһʿ־ĥԼ־ü͡
˴ҴһȥҹδѾӽʮꡣǶеҹδ˵ʱ䡣
ֳһܵԭͻˡ෴ǣƺܵԵˡɥ֮£뿪ţһȥ
ߴûҵҹδ룬ҹδҲûڳ֣ʲô춯ص顣ߴڵĴƷȶ˲١䴫ţҹδˣŶҡ
⵱ȻߴڴϢȴҲΪЧӰ˴źͼ壬ǿߴڵ˼ΪᶨһЩ
ڵĵˣΪģԲǧﷶΧڣڡŬؾӪյӵҲ֮ǰ࣬һ˿˵ա
ߴûжڵŽдѹǻǽעѰҹδϡֻŵԲǧҼǸʱ䣬ڳţҲΪû㹻зʿ
ɽѵõؽ뵽һֺƽķΧ֮С
¡
۱
ٴξ롣
ĿɨˣѾȥ˽꣬ҹδû˿ټһ£ǲȥȥǻԽԽȻѾȥҹδߴڣҲһߴ˥ˣһڵʿټҲ
ȻʼҡΣҡεʱԽãԽ
һ棬ϵľˣҹδѱͻͻҵټҲɱˡ
ǸʱɳȥľͲˣǻսǻҲδܹɱ˵ٶߡߣΪǻٴҵĻ
ѵǳԪ
ĬȻԪɽߵսˡΪԪ֡浽Ǹ̶ȣƾ㲻Ҳ𵴡
ǺڵѾ޵ȴҲҹδ˿ټ
ҡѵںЩУѾв˱˼ǷֵҹδټҲ
Խƿڵںͼ϶ڵĸڶӪһƵܲںͼ嶯֡Ҷ֪ǰ˶źͼ塣ǲҲ˲ڰзֵźͼ𣿡
ǧҡͷЩڰֵźͼضǼֱ˲١ǴڣȴδܹáڿҹδһֱǶĸڰֵŻ壬Ƕ˼֮һһֱû¶棬ضᱻ֡
üͷڵǣôҳֻҪɱһӭж⡣
ԶЦҡͷκΣ


611 ޷
ǾͰٵ˵
ǺԽƣҡɫ΢䣬ĬǧԶĿ΢˾١
ҶĬտʼٿڵشҲҹδĸš
ɳĬ
ҹδ벢ǹһˣżˣҸ鼫ãҪһͬļ˻Ҫá
˵ͣһµĴž䣬Сѣ˵òɣ
ţǺӦ
ֽĿ˴ԽƣĶȻڴԵѵƽС
ţԽҲƽصͷ
ֽĿҡѵĵ֮С
ţҡҲͷ
ĸ۰ԣҴ¡
ɳĬҲΣǵ˰죬û˿ڣٵ˫һ˿âȥڵ
ڲҼ˵ҲӦ׸ôˡ
ԽƵڵȻһĹϿɵĵӡ˵ıֱһƽ̵δ
ȻϿڣ˼ԣԸôôŻƽ̵Ȼ
ٺҲˣžԸѾܾûмĵˡ
ҡЦһ⺢Դ
ҺԾǾܾˣٵɫѿԶڵ
ǾͲΪ
ҡܹ
ߵǸԼְɣһƱΣǼ̸֣ܹ
Ǻûôҡ
Ŀ˾٣¼ȻɾٵҴҲ۰ԣҪҹδ룬һ۰Ծ㹻ˣֺαؽЩ˶Ū
ƺ׼Ѿͣ۰ҲǲУԣ۰ԣž䣬ȻܵøһЩɣ
ǺԽƺҡһۣ㶼ͷɣ
ǺãٵͷѣҪƹ
Ǻ΢΢һüͷյͷɣ
ҡѣڵĵأҪ
ɣҡͷ
ֽĿ˴ԽƣԵѣҪľ
ǰӦˣԽȻʹҲͷɣ
ֳЦݵǾôˣҪһλҹδ롣飬ÿɳһԲʿ
ʱ䣬ҹδ벻ͻͻ߸ԲҲɱ
ã
뿪
ƽ̡
ԽǳĶ棬ڵԼǳ˵һ飬Ȼ
ʦãȻҲ˰ɣ
ţǳ¶οЦ⣺ǹеˣʵٶҲܿ졣
񰡣ԽƵһ˿ĽǱඥˣλ᲻ʵƵѡһӽչأȻҲѡȥ
Ǻ۰ԵϢȻȥ۰ԣ
ǰεжҹδ룬ȻȥˣҲ飬˳ɱȻ
ǣȻأ֪飬᲻ԹţϾ۰Ժҹδ붼ļˡ᲻ѳţ
ԽĿʱԹǱȻģ˹ĴУΪûظඥضԼڡԣԹţֻԹҡΪŵδҾ͵ˡ
ôȻ
ԽʦãȻûйĴк͹ඥ츳ԣֻҪﵽʲô磿
ǳŵԴضʮʮġҲ߳ɵİգԪӦҲĳɵİաڻԪҿ塣
ԽƵԪûһɰաϹĴк͹ඥأ
ǳ۾ȻһӦáӦһɰհɣ
һҲ㹻ˡԽᶨ˵
ǳͷãȥš
Ȼϥڶ֮ڣʶڵһţϵرһ˿˿ȡǹĴУǳȡһ˿˿Ǵе֪ʶȻ֮һ˿˿ߣΪ뵽ڣΪѸٵ
ڡ
ǺŴӵƽ磬ѡһӽȥžҲȥ
ӵɫԥžȷʵŴδľ콾ʲôҲʲôü죬һܹĻϸٶҲ졣ҿųһԪϣ
ǣʵԽǿδһţŵ˺ҲԽ󰡣
Ǻ̾ϢһǰⱲӣûм츳Եˣδ˵һӦڣͬ޵УɽҲˡ
ʦܣˣ㣬Ϸ𣿡
ҡӵ¶ЦΪʲôҹδ롭


612 
ҪҪҶ۲žܾˣԸ塣ǽźҹδ֮䣬ҲֻǿӣӵԸȴԲᷴšֻδĿ࣬ҲЩ̡
žĶڣ۾ϵɱӿ֡ոմӺͼгڵŷԾ

ҡʦ֣أȥ
Ҫʺ츳Ȼߣű츳õĵӣҲм
Ҳʺ츳ֻ֪ٶҪǼ콾Ҫ졣Ҳû鸡
ʲô
ʲô
ˣҡĿ㲻֪ҪԪҲƾ츳ԣټŬϣġû˼ǲͻƻԪġҿͻƻԪһ˿ϣ
Ķڡ
ϥƵϡ³һͷϵૣ
׻欰欣㻹ôСܹŨĵϣ治֪ɳٶж죬Լ᲻ֱλĵϣܻһһͱ볬ˡǺǡ
ϵ˵ӡĵɢȥ
¡
ٺʹϾԶɫصʦ֣Ҫ۰ԣԴ̫ʺǴµĴˡ㲻ͻƻԪһԪӦźܴϣΪʲôǣǵںƽ̣
΢΢ҡͷֻǿԵһ棬ȴûпħԵһ档
ħԣô᣿
ΪħԺСصúҲδܹ׾һħԡҲпܣһħɷԡĳɾԽߣǴԽΣհΣգ羡罫𡣡
պ
£˺۰Աͻ鼱֮±۰ԺҹδĹϵôŭΧ۰ԣ۰ˣɱΧ׷ɱ
һա
ҹδӱƽԭгÿ¶ӱƽԭгһΣľڱǾסʮգҶīݣڱڽ˼ѡ
ڱ¥ڣҹδȵ˼ۣʿ⼸µľͻȻһʿ˵
˵۰Ե𣿡
ҹδоһȻĵ۰˭һֱڱƽԭ۰Ժ
һ棬˵۰ҲͲʮ꣬ȴѾܵڣɽҲǾ콾ˡⲻҪҪһãǲ˭
˶ЦǶ˵ˣҲҶīΪڱƽԭ֪ҶѲ²£
ҹδʱѾƽҡͷô£
Ҳ²ҹδ룡
ҹδɫһڵǸ
Ǹĸ
ǺΣǱɱˣˣ۰ĸţ
¡
һʱҹδص˿ջšüͷϣɫͬ˪ûǰ۰֮侲ķóһۡ
һ塣
Ҫɱ۰ԲѣĸǸӣԲԼӵкüݡĸӺç»һûץĸӣҪԼȥĸ磬ȻնɱԼ
ԲµõĸΧض޵Լ
ǣԼȥջ᲻ͷὫĸץסȻڳһնɱľ档
ǸʱԼȥȥ
ȥĻĻɱĸ硣
ȥĻǽǱڻҪΣյľ档
ҹδվھȥ
֪壬֪Լȥĸܳȥȥȫһ
Ӽλ֪۰ӵɽ֮Խɽɽ弫࣬䲻ȴҲǧ
Ŷ֮һΪռݣ֮һռݣϱ֮򣬱
żնĻ嶼η޻棬嶼֪ʲô顣
ҹδûлϢ٣Ȼ壬Ǿһġ
ĸ
ҹδҶīǰҶͬ漰Ҷңáҹδ뱾ݣһ¶ͻ׷ɱҲһݣȴûϢáķȻ㣬ȴֻеһĹ򣬵ڶħĲ㵹ҹδϢû
ڱƽԭУȻûн뵽شҹδҲһЩԵʱ̤磬ɽķȥٶȼ졣


613 ɽ
ڵʷѾֻһ˿Ϊٶȸ졣
жڵٶȲ˺Զ·ʺս
ҹδ뾡ܵطɵøߣ˲ʿ
һ£ͬһɫ磬һɫĿ磬ʡ
һ֮
ɽ⡣ҹδӸ߿£ʼУ̬У죬ȴһ
һǣɽǡ
ҹδ׼һ£ҲٴһϢʱѾȹ˽ѾˡĸӳһҲµʱ䣬»Լ㹻ʱ䣬ھץסĸ硣
ںƽԼݣȻһħע⡣Ҳע⣬˻ݡ
ΪʿϢ
е̤ɽǣ㷢ƺûô򵥡
뷨ԭֱӺͼ򵥣ɽǽһ̽ĸľطߴһĸľλãǳشġȻԼ˼һƻ
ǣһͳ⡣
չȥ˾¥跻ȵطЩʿ̸ŴǵĽ̸УܹԼҪϢ
ɽǾɽѾܽˣľ룬ʿ˵ҲǼӵʱ䡣ߴڱضᰲʿϵɢĸλõϢ
ǣһ죬˼¥Ͳ跻ϢĸʼˣûоλõϢ
ϣһֶŲѣһַ
ѵĸˣ
ܹ׷ˣ
⻭粻񰡣
ĸǸԸģϰˣִ£Ҳ˳ʹµʱ䣬Ը䡣
˵
ҹδֳ֮ɫ
ĸ뵽ʲôΣ֮ˣĸ粻ȥ˰ɣ
ҹδɽϢһȻ뿪ɽǣŽǷȥԴ϶һڵĽӰˣźܶ鲻ûһظ˺֪ܶ࣬С
ǣɽһţֺͨɽڡ䣬һʿżǲڲУҲǶ㣬Ͼʿ
ɽڣڵİӣ뵱ǱƵ̭ĵӣ͵һһĿٳһšҹδҪõϸϢɽһѡ
ɽڣԶһ꣬һꡣ
˱ǹ䣬ĴӣɽδĽӰˣɳ塣
ɽڽǧ꣬ѾĴǰսģһطŲ¡ڲܸʲôԼԴܹҲֻһЩСÿʮ꣬ȴҪȡһԴ
˵Թ޵δأⲻҲûԥڣֿǵһŹԼͶߴڣû
ͶߴڣһһᱻԼ˿ÿʮ
ɽڣÿҲֻδӰ֪ʱɳϴһ˿ǵ
ʦôˣߴڻûҵҹδ롣۰֮£ҹδһ塣ڻ᲻ǣ
˶ɽھ֮֡
ɳ忴ᣬʵѾ٣ΪҲܵǰΪ۷塣ʱǵĵӣ̾Ϣһ
ǵ
ǡҹδһ۰ض֪һ塣
ģ̾Ϣһҹδյľܹһ֮ˣ򵱳кܶѡֺαؼڣ
ڼ֮ǰбѾ˾
ǡ
ĳɳ켣Уԭڵİ
ʱӣɽӪǧ꣬Լһɳܹӹ
ʮҹδһǰڱضʿɽΪͷߣضáɽڻһҲֻܹԼһΪڳ˼Լˣɽڻڡ
ǣԼĵӻδܹܵסŶɽڵ
ϣܹɽڲףɽڱסͳɡ
ǡ
ôܣ
һ֣źܴļʱ¶ɽںڵĹϵĻɽڻø졣
Ǽоһʶɨ˹ɫһһʶҪ߹
˭
ʿΧҪɽڣߴҪɽڣ
ǵʶڹɨһ飬ƺȷݡȻʶ˻ȥһʶ
¿ǹ


614 ̽
ǣʶ˭
ɳ忴ʦվŶȥ󣬹򿪴ţһ£Ϣҹδվ档
ɷһ̸ҹδ΢Ц
룡
ڣҹδĿɳϣλǣ
λҵĴɳ塣ܵ
ҹδʣδ
жϣͷǣ
ҹδʳָָڿлһŷȻ˹䡣¶ȻˣҲʳָڿлһŷŷڿںϳһŷ󽥽ɢȥ
һԵɳʱҲ֪ڵʿɫɲ԰һ֡
ɽڴͷˡ
˵ɫҹδ΢˼Ƭ̣Ҳ롣б̾ϢһҲֶԷɽڱ˼ҵѪʹ
룬Գ֮ǰûҹδݼˡʱȴħرյķȻò仯ָҹδա
ҹȻס˿ڣҹδƵնɱߴʿӰѾɽ磬βʶ
æ󷨣ҹδʩҹʦá
ҹδǰȴû˿ҹδߴ۷Χɱ£ܹնɱλ˼һ£Լߴڵ߸۷Χɱսﻹҽ
ʦ֣ҹδҲЦ
һԵɳҲæǰȻţҹδеĳߡһܵ߸۷Χɱ£նɱˡߴССߴڵ
ʵϣߴڣҲкܶʿҹδ롣
ɽ磬ǿΪ
ߴȻڵжԣҹδ룬ҲǾ飬гҹδ롣
ߴڵʿˣοţ
οڻǧ˿ƹϵڣ
ɳҹʦã
ҹδ´ɳ壬֪ϢԼһʱ󣬺ǹһη˵˷֮Żͻơ㺬Ц
ʦֶھܾˣ
ǣɳ۾һʦָ㡣
һһ
һԵĹҲڴĿԼҵӵҲ˺ܾãûʲô취ֻʱȥĥĥ硣ȴû뵽ҹδһӾ취
Ǿ콾
ķȥһη˵ˣ֮ġ
һԵĹͷҲɳİ취
İ취ȥҵķдһʱ䣬Ӧñȥʱܶࡣ

˾һ㣬ҹʦã㡭һʦ
ҹδЦһ𡣡

𾪵ҹδ룬жΡ
ʲô
ܵԲһ
ɣ
ҹδ˷˵Ĳ㣬Ȼ˽ȥ
һ߽һ㣬˾͸оֵϣƽȴΰʱǶһӰ˵۾
⡭ЩãҹʦãôҼķһҲзѣҲǵķǵķûֵϡ
ǵһη˵һӵֵϡ
ɬ䶯һº᣺㡭ÿһ㶼ӵֵϣ
ǣҹδҡͷֻ㣬һ㡭ˣͲ˵ˡڶΪҵɱ¾࣬γħұ㽫ħնϣͽ˷ڶ㡣ħһĥľĺõط
۾һȥ𣿡
Ȼ
˵ڶ㣬һ뵽ڶ㣬ɳɫ԰ףоҡҹδ뿴һֳۣܹ֣ͣȻ˹䡣
õطǺõطܹĥһʱҲҾܹͻƵء
Ȼԣ
ҹδһ뿪˷һ⣬ҹδʶҹδ˵
ĿģضλҲ
ɫһ䣬ȻȻʲôҪģ˵ϣܹסɽڵĵͳԼν
ҹδһ㣬ЦҪֻҪ֪۰ԵϸϢĲҪ
Ҫɳ嶼һ㡣
ҹδҲûпϴΧɱҵߴڵ߸۷壬ߴڶĸˣȻǴ˱ɱҵ˼ԣƶɱҵģ߸Բп߸
ҹδ벻ȴɫһ졣
⻹ʲôģ
߸Բɽܹʲôæ
Ҳһ˿ɥ


615 ħ
ɽھӪǧ꣬ҲͰɽڵռԴĵطûɽڵʵ
Ʋϰ
һȶľһֱռ۰ԵϢǰ۰Խ뵽ɽ׷ɱ
۰ʲôΪҹδʵ
ܵء
أ
۷壡۰ԺȻ֣۰ԵսӦҲҵʵ
Ķ
ָðڿлһͼȻָŵͼ
뵽ɽȻӣһֱӵȻ뵽ҵԸ߹ģıԵұˡЩɵ
ҹδͷܹˣѾܺˡ
׷ȥ𣿡
Уܶ࣡ԳһЦвģңǣ̫ࡣ
ҹδվھߡܹŻ뵽ҵķ
أ
ҲûгǿҲ֪Լȥˣҹδ׸ҹδҲû˽٣ղŹ䶼˵ˣıԵͲҽȥˡ
ҹδȻ뿪Ȼȥûбܻʲôһ·ֱɡУ˿Ҳǰķ򡣵ûʶҶźһȫľ룬ʵɢϢ̫
ļƻֻɽ彮ߣżߴڻĸ統նȴǽ뵽ĸʱᱬΣա
֮
ҹδıԵ۰Եĵص㡣
ĿĹˣûкۼ۾ſ飬֪ռĲҡ

ҹδƵ³һɵѾʧȥ˷˭֪ĸӵ
ɡ
ҹδһݣƿշȥŵ俴۰Խķȥ
䡭
ʮ֮ҹδĴѰңȴȻңԶķ򣬴˾޴ĺ;ҵĿռ䲨
ҹδǸ˹ȥٶȱ˼¡
֮
ԶԶؿһЩʿЩʿ鸡ڿУԶȥҹδһ˵Ŀռ䣬ҲǱȥ
ĸ磬ںɱ
ҹδĿ¶һ˿죬û뵽ĸͷôߣѾߵˣѾĸͷ¡˫һľ޴ħƣͬһ޺һ㣬ʶƣʿҹֽӽ
ĸû£
ҹδһİֻҪûбΣŪԴʿǲģ㰲عۿ
һҹδ뼤͡
ҵĹ̫ʺĸˣ֪ĸֻԴ棬ȴû뵽ԸԷҹϡ
ʮɵܣܹ۰ͷųʮɵܡ
۰Ժ£ļлȴҲ˿ûп־壬ѷѽ⡣
ҹδջĿ⣬۾⣬һ۲Χǹعۿʿ
ûߴڵʿ
ⲻܣ
֮ûУֻû˴ߴڵķʦжûУں۰Լ
ߴɱԼôܲԼߴڵķΣ
ǣЩûսѿǵΪȻƮڿɢϢԿ˭ţߴڵʿ϶ԼΪԼ
΢˼һ¡
µĺпԻ·ǹͷǲܳͷġٴ۽ǵȥΧʿŶҵġ
΢΢һüͷ
ǲ̫ܳµʿģӦÿֻһ˵кܾܿһǴµĺС
ǣ˭أ
ҹδ룬Ŀٴµʿϣ֪ϵϢȻȥ֪ҵʿ
ǳ£϶һЩͬϢϾĶǷҳʱشһط
Ȼ֪һҵʿ޵ַϢ
ˣ
ǽƻ
ǸʿɢϢֻܵΪ
ҹδЩԥԼնɱǸµʿ㱩¶ԼݡԼݵ״̬Ҳĸɱ֣Ϊĸնýˡ
ԼҪҪ֣
䡭
սȻòҹδĿٴ˹ȥɫһ䡣µʿȫ˲ѹ۰ԡ
ҹδоһлȻ
ߴڵҲʮּɵ֮ǰһֱûҵ۰ԣҵˣսôãҲûмԼҪץס۰ԣȻֱ۰вԼ
𡭡
۰ˣ˿ϿͼΪأ⼤ŭ۰ԣͷХǳХ࣬˱Ϣ
Ϣҹδ̫Ϥˣ
ħ


616 ɱ
㿴ԭ۰Ľ⣬ͬ޺һΰǴʱǽȴۿɼٶȱڣһ˫ͭĴ۱Ѫ졣
еĽħƶڣħϡ
ﻹǽħƣħƣ
䡭
۰ܶȻȻѹ
ҹδ˲¶˾ģ
ж
Ϊڳȥߴڵʿһ֣ĸá
ϢƵǸŶңɢ޷ϢʿȻֿһսʱеʿǸҵʿж𾪣۰Եħ
ҹδϢش̳˼ְؿռ䣬ȻǸҵʿһξ룬ǸʿΣձ˵ĻضֵİΧ֮С
ҹδҲֱӿԷ֣ʿٱ۰ħҲֿᷢռĲǲһ֣֡
ȻҹδȻԶǸʿ۰Ѿʼȫѹʶ
ĸ磬δ룬ʿҲǸҵʿơ
۰ԶΪ֮һ٣ħҹδҲΪ֮ҡ
ˡ
ȻԴǲɵտʼʱ򣬻ûʶһӣҲӦ˹ߴնɱҹδ롣źȻɽȥӽҪֹҹδ
û뵽ԼԼˡ
һ̣ϵħ˼֣֮Ҳ½촷ۡ˴Ϣʱ䣬۰Էطˡ
ȣ
۰Դһħƺɨͬ糵һ㣬ԼеǱܡ
ħݺᣬɱ
䡭
һµʿ۰βǸҵʿײ˹ȥ
Ǹʿˣóռ䡣
ϣ
Ȼ䣬Ľ±ܼĽͬǧ滨
ҹδ롭
иոոֳ֣㱻飬˶ң¶һͷȻǸͷҲ飬Ѫ䡣
µʿһ㣬һ˲䣬۰һħƱһԴ
ĸ磬ӣҹδʶ
䡭
УȻʿϱǿϢĿɨӡ۰Ҳô˻һȥ
ǱڣɱǴµԲǿϢʿߴڵԲ
ʱмȷŭֱ䡣
ǷŭǣδҵҹδӰͱҹδɱһ
бͬǣδҵҹδӰͱҹδɱһ
ҹδӰӶûԼ˾һ
ҹδδֲ̫ˣ
Ǹ̫Ϥˣҹδơ
Ŀⲻɨ˿пֵЩʿ֪ҹδضЩ˵СЩʿߴڵĿɨ־塣ߴڵʿܹ뵽Ҳܹ뵽Ǹ뵽ʿ᲻ặȻԼ˳֣
ֻˣܹƳҹδ롣
ʱ򣬶ʶߴҪɱǣӰ
ԭѾ־壬ʱﻹ̵ܹס
䡭
еʿɢӣҹδҲһȥ
ʿɫһ㣬̶Ρ֪ԼѾ¶ˡһʿһ֣ͻȻȵ
׷۰ԣնɱ֣
һ£˶Ӧ˹ֻҪ׷ɱ۰ԣҹδͲò
ಡ
Բһ۷壬۰˷׷˹ȥ
ҹδԶԶ߸ʿӰ˵棬Ȼŵ棬ڴּӣʱ̧ͷһߴڵʿŷ
ЩɢߵʿҲǶߴڵĻɶǺߴڵʿǣɱ֣ŮʿαװŮݣҲ֡
ο
Ǳɱҹδ룬ܵвʱκһˣκֶζʹаŮװǺ
ԣǷӳһвʿΣգǣӳȥˣȴҲȥһϢ
ҹδ
նɱԲȥ
һ£ɽˡ
һߴ۷Χɱҹδ룬ҹδնɱȥ˴ߴԲΧɱҹδ룬ȴҹδնɱһȥ
ҹδ롭ͻ
ߴҪ˥
Ҫ
ɽڡ
ɳϢ
ǿԲ
ߴڵԲӰ˵Բôɱˣ
Ա߻Բôҹδɱˣ
ʦҹʦþжǿɳ岻ʵ
ãȻҲ֪


617 
һĿ֪ҹδԽǿڵĸԽϣܹˣɽڵҲͺùˡ
ʦܿ𣿡
ܣᶨҹδʮɣܹնɱԲ˾ǱһЩҹδʱǲǿɱԲ
ܹɱԲɱԪʱ仹
Ԫҹδ֣ҹδܹɱԪǸʱ˭ܹκҹδ룿
Ǹʱھĸˣ
ڡ
ǧ֮⡣
ڴϣԪʿ죬ʿȴߴڵĵԪͻءʱڵܣߴڵĵԪͻʿǲڵĵԪȥҹδ롣
ҲڵʿǸ㣬㽻ġµһ
Ҫ֣Ǿýһ¡ҲʿƴֻǾ뿪С˺ʿѾ֪ƿˣҲͲˣɴһҾ¥ںȾƣǱߵϢ
ߴڵĵԪͻһϲЦտ׵ظߵˣɳ߸ԲֻҪҹδȥ۰ԣߴΧɱҹδ롣
ˮгǡ
ߴ
ҹδܴҲ򲻹
û۰ԣǻҹδܹӳȥ򲻹ӻҹδЩġ۰ڣҹδȥ˾Ǿ۰Եģ۰ߣ͵Ӳƴ
ν׶༪١
һ£¡
һֱûϢҹδһֱûг֡ǵ˶֪ҹδȥƽԭȥˡҹδӱƽԭڳҲͲ֪۰Ա׷ɱ顣
ǡ
һӰ¥жһߴڵĵӡڵĴ¾۾һ¶Цݣ
Ϣ
ǸʿɫЩţžʩɽϢҹδˡ
ΧĿһͣܵĿǸʿϣǸʿһٹЦſ˵ʿһۣβסؽţϵЦݱŨǸʿĿҲôࣺ
ڵǰ˵˵
ʿ˵һֿۣ˾һۣɫܾᣬ䶯һµ
ҹδ뽫ʦնɱӡȥ
һ˵ٲţǵҲš˵ҹδɱΧߣš˵ɱһߴڵʿҲǿš˵ǲɱһݡôĴȥôҲš켱
ϸ˵˵
˵ٵɫ
ҲǺϢָӡǵӻһ£ͬǣ۰ӽɽȻħˡ
ɫһǾĿҲ˸һ¡֪۰ħȴҲû뵽۰Իħô졣
۰ħʱڣӦʦֱ¶ϢҹδͻϮնɱҹδͻϮҲ۰Գûһʦ֣Ȼˡλʦֶ׷ɱ۰Ժҹδ룬ûʿԺûϢٴˡֻеʦǻŻ֪
Ϣȴû˿ˡ֪Ȼʱҹδռţƺް˵ܹɵ׷ɱǵˡǣϢߴôûоٶ
ԼУǾɳȴΪΪߴڼʮֻߴܹڵԮɵɳȥ׷ɱҹδ롣ҹδøΣա
ȻĬƬ̣Цˣ
ľ콾ɱ˲˼ѣ˵ǲǣ
ɫ࣬ȴֻĬȻ־ҹδܹ۰ߣЦݣ
ȻԲУǾͻˡ
۰ǰ汼ӣ߸ߴڵʿں׷ϡħ۰ٶȺܿ죬ȻߣȻߴ룬Ҳһʱܹ׷ϵġ
ҹδҲ׷ϣٶȺܿ죬ڱƽԭ˷ԣٶǺܿ졣Ҫ׷ǰһȺҲǺѡҹδĿȻʶĴԶڵʶΪ˵ǴʵǸ߳ģΪʶѾʼʷѾʷɾš
ʶʷʲô磬Բ֮Ÿɵ飬Ҳ˵ҹδʶΪѾﵽ˰벽ľ硣ҪЩԲߴʿߡԣȻԶʶ͵۰ԵĶС
ĸ磬ȻȦ
۰̾౼ӶȥСҹδһҹδĻϰߣΪ˱ܡҹδΪʲôȦҹδĻѾΪ˱ܣħҲܵ
ҹδֱ߷ȥ׼͵Ϯ


618 նɱ
ûԷ߸ˣ׷ɱˣȴ͵Ϯ
߸˶ͨʿķΣҲֲ˭ĸŵģɱ˭
ҹδٵȷһص㣬Ȼ֣ԼתľԣαӰһ㴩һôڣϢ
Զ۰߱ӣҹδ봫ʶָ·ߡ߸ʿڷ׷ɱ׷ɱ;УҲʮ־Χ״Ѱҹδټ
ֻһֱûзҹδټ
ߴʿܰβֱ߱ӣǿʼһߣо㶼һݣ˲뵽ܿҹδ۰ԴǽȦĿѰȫûҹδټ
Сҹδ֣ѡ
߸˶ͷų֣ҹδ뿴߸˵״ɫһ䣬£޷߸γвʱ۰ԾԽԽҹδһ˲۰ٶȴ
һȦȻٻ
ҹδ֪ΪߴڵʿΪɡǼǻɣҲü׷ɱ۰ԣ۰ˣԼˣûҵҹδ۰ԡ꣬Ҳûҵҹδ룬ҹδ۰Դߣ˭ҲûҵҹδҲģΪȫ޷֮±͵ϮǵΪȫ䱸ҲԼΡ
ಡ
۰ԷɹȥˣߴʿҲɹȥˣܿûӰҹδгȡ˴ĴķſвȥܿͲһ󣬷ȥҹδٶȲؽ֮ڡ
ಡ
۰ַ˻߸ʿʱӵؽ
ϣ
ݺᣬͬǧ滨
֣
ֵıȴߴʿеĽźͽ䱸һɣΣգΣʼ̲ڰ֮СǶõ㹻׼ɱǡ
ûж㣬ΪǺŸص壬ǻűͷ֣ͨϽŵɫʼɣΪǵĽǵķǵϣҲͿ˷ֵ棬ֻҪһͱ
ҹδ벻֪ʱ˲
Ȼ֪
Ŀľһʱ䣬Ȼ󼤷µľ

Х֮𣬾ˣһֽ߸ʿ棬߸ʿȥ
߸ʿոշı飬Ȼÿ־Ȼܹܣؿʼžž󹥻
䡭
ҲͶ̶̵ʮϢʱ䣬顣ߴʿҲֻʣϻˡ
䡭
һ飬һӰͬһŴײһʿ
ҹδ룬Ǳ
ͬʱ۰Դһħž޴Ľħƺһʿ
ʿԲʱȻˣҲ֪Լƴʱȫ˷ȫһĴ򷨣ҹδ뻹ܹӦ·硣۰ȴѾ·硣
ҹδʶڶϿյһ
ħ
ˡ
Ϣ֮ħ٣۰ԺǸʿ档ħٵһ˲䣬ǸԲ͸оԼȻ޷оܶȻ½۰ȴܶȻȻܹȡħܹǸԲ
䡭
ҹδʶֿʼƵƵķƣǧ
һĶֺҹδҲͬʱͣغǺӣǻǱ
Ӻ
ػָžҹδز˵ϣ͸ʮǱ˵Χ߾ʬ塣
ҹδЩĵؿ۰ԣĸ磬ܿ𣿡
ܣ
۰صͷȻ㿴ħɫֱƽͣͬһõɮ
ҹδɵģħն𣿡
֪ҳԹûгɹĹܹѹġ
ƽʱѹƣ
ţ۰Ժ̹Ȼÿ춼ѹƣҲһĥ¡ֻǡ
ֻʲô
ѹԽԽˣرα֮󣬸оѶһЩ
ҹδдǣҲûʲô취۰ԣϵ飬ֻܹԼ
ȻָΪɡ
˿ʼԼ֮˽ҹδѾָ۷壬۰ԵΪȻָˣϵȴҪһЩʱաҹδ뿴˿ϵ߾ʬ塣мһ¡
Լ۰Ⱥɱ˾Ÿдһ
ɽھʣһˣҲʣˣƽʣʣĸʧԭŸʣˡʣʮڻʣʮ˸̫ˡ


619 ʾ
ߴʮɱ˾Ÿʣʮĸڲ
ɽֻʣһ֪ʲô飿
ŭǿ־壿
ǻʧ
ҹδ˫΢΢УŵûԮƲŵĳˣ֪ʱж
Ҳ
ĸ硣
ţ
߸˵ԴȻٱ֯һӣװȥ
ã
ҹδȡһһ񽣣ȻϿƷơ֮۰Ѿ߿ͷ­װٱ֯õĴҹδ񽣣񽣱˲䳤ȻǸϵϣ춯ָٴһ㡣
ϣ
죬ƿնȥ
߰ɣ
ţ
˲Уһ࣬һһ࣬һһ̤ͬһ㡣
δ룬ȥĶ
ҹδ΢˼ߴӦɻˣò˶þͻᵽҵҲ飬ΪҵϢЩ⡣߸ضѰҵսʿȻÿ˵ĸšҵݾ顣ھôȥضᱻץס⣬ӦʿҪˣںͼߴڵļ磬زԼ뿪ɽߴ󻯵֮Ҳ׵صõλãȻǰץҡ
ЩκһۿսΧʿӦѾˡΪһʧȥټ²Ҿҹδ룬ѡ
ǡô죿
ǾѰһصصطһ˵Ҳںʱ䣬Ķ
ֻҪץסǣǵʤ
ã۰Բҹδһҹδľˡ
ˡ
ͻȻ֮תȥϱֳȻ֮ɫһƬһǷһֻֻȭͷС۷Ƿ˹
ܣ
óȫǱܷӣƬ۷׷ᡣаʱЩ۷ں׷ţһͷһɽҹδ뷴־ӳһŷǷһʯס˶ڣ˼ɽܡ
͡
ǵʯɿؿʳ
ʱɽռݵĽһУҪ֮ǰ˺ܶ࣬ԭɽźͼȻγɵһ׳Ϊ׷ɱ۰ԵԭŴʿ֣Ȼ˿֣Ҫҹδ᲻ҹδߴڵĶΣ
ΪҲûӰ죬ϵǺţѡӪȻҲɢޣֵġӴӿɽɽдδй
ֻھ͸ˡΪʿˣ˸Ϊ𺳵ݣҹδˣǿնɱһԲ۰ӽߴڵԲҲԼǿ׷ɱҹδ۰ԡ
ˣԽԽʿӿ˷Уﶺ̸ںߴڵ飬ȴյĽվߴնɱҹδ룬ҹδߡȻʿҲߴڵԪͻʿΧأڵĵԪͻ޷ǰҹδ顣
ҹδ۰ҪԲһ۷ʿ߰
ѣ̫ˣ
Ϊʲôߣҹδ뷴ɱߴڣҹδ벻ѾɱһµԲ𣿡
ǲһҵǱߣҲŷӦҹδֿǸԲûԲΧɱǾҹδ뻹ܹţ
˵ҲǡǰҹδҲֻǴ߸۷ΧɱУնɱԲҹδûǸˡҹδѾͻʱ䣬޿ܡҹδѾͻͲֿʿˡͻŽ׷ߴʿˡ
ʲô
Ȼ䣬˽Х̧֮ͷſȥһ⣬ŷ߷ɽĺƺʲô
ϣ
һǳ˷ĵϡ
ʼʿǺֻܽԶۡһ񽣣һֱ;شЩʿ⶯ˡرߴʿ
ߴڿɲɳ߸ԲˣҲɳ˲ٵʿ˺棬Ϊ˼ʱشϢʱЩߴصʿзһ˿һǱȥǲ죬Ž䱸
ȺеɳĿһȴûжʿվһ𡣿ǼߴڵʿȻͷǼʿɫ䣬һ
ʦ֣
ʦ㣡



620 ӳ
ûΣգһеʿӶϣȻǾҲˣһʱʱ䣬׷ɱҹδ۰ԵߴʿȫߵϢʹɽȻԹδٶȣɽ䴫ȥ
ڡɳ弱Ҵҵܽ˹Ķ
ʦߴڱȫˣ
˵ʲôһߴڱȫˣ
Ŷǣ׷ɱ
Ƥһֿ󷨣ϸ˵˵
һӺ󣬹˫ĿЩʧŵ߸Բôҹʦøɱˡ
ʦҹʦֻܵԲ
ţû١ͷ˷ҹʦֻܵԲܹնɱԲ֣ڵҹʦñڣҲܹһս򲻹ҲκβҹʦͻƵ
ǡҹʦû𣿡
ҡҡͷƲˣҪʱʦ㣬͵͵ȥҹʦáעһҹʦõϢ
ɽڣҹδ벻ʱؼһɽȻڿһڣ洫ˮҹδͷȥǴʱվһϣ·һӹǴӵľͷԶͱ֮£γһºӡ
ҹδ˷ĸ磬ҵķ
ã
ҹδ뿪˵Ĳ㣬۰˽ȥȻ˷һԾȥˮԵͬһһ㣬˳ȥ
ɽС
ǱͷѾˡ
һա
߸ǿϢĻ˷УߴصʿӭȥһҲ跻ڣŲѵɳֱһ
߸ӭһ¥ĵ䣬ʿĻ㱨һֳŭɱ⣬ǲһܵԲܹնɱߴԲԶ׼ʲôգҹδ˱ˡߴ󻯵Ȼֻǳڣеǻһأеǻأÿ˶Լ㹻ġ

ԽһţΪˡɽ磬ϾǶĴڣΪԪʿ
ߴ󻯵۵糸뿪ˣʼѰҹδټ

ɽ彮һ˻ҹδδˮ³˳ڿ裬ĿѰ
ˣ
ҹδһ˰ϡ
һӣ뵽һڣԼϵĺɫ·һǳɫ·ֽڶŹصСһЩֻһ˿ħкҹδ뿴û֮ǰǰҲشһ˿Į
Ȼܹ֪֮ǰǸҶīǵ֮ǰҶīˣһˡҹδֽòıһ£˼ˣעΣҲϳ
ܷɣĿ̫ھҪУĿһУض¶ϢܹжϳŵΪڵ沽УֻҪսǿΪġҹδͿ԰һͽʿҹδû۰ԴӷгǸߣôݶûá
ҹδҲǵӴ󣬵һȥĵطɽķУȻڷйһƥǵͽʿı䣬߽ʿٶҹδλƵɽȥ
ɽռؼ㡣
ӷ뿪Ҫ߳ɽҪٵɽ֣ʱҲдӷߵʿϾʿҹδ뱻׷ɱ̫ȤرǷеһЩˣ׬ʯҪġ
ҹδһͽʿһߣӪϢʱϣҲ۰Էų죬ٽ۰ջȥ۰Բι˷֮󣬶ԵĲϲŷ˵ϣܹ۰ľҹδ㽫۰ԷŽ˷Ĳ㡣
ֵͽʿĸоҹδҲܾûˣͨǷȥɽԽ룬һŸĺͽŵҲĻ
һ·ϣҲвźͼ壬϶ǲţһЩС壬ϾɽﻷǺܺãΣҲСһЩɢҲｨɽ󴨶ռˣܹһضҲˡԣһ·ϣҹδżɢޣŵӽʶһ£˼εСߴڴʱעû˻뵽ҹδͨºѾ뿪ʱ뿪ɽ
ߣҹδоһ˿ͬ·ϵʿȻǵͽʿʿҹδһе־
˾裬Ȼ۲
һ죬Щʿһȥҹδ벻˼
ѵߴ׼ټʿԼе̺ʽ
ҲûܣԼĺۼҲҪΪжǿߴڶѾɳʿˡֻҪԼǸʿͻԻʿٶȣԼͺٰѡ
һ˿


621 
ܵԲʷֻһ˿ÿҲǲڱƽԭֲܽЧ΢
־磬˵߸ˣһ֪Լܹӵˣͱŷɱˡ
̧ͷһۣǰһСͷУΧļ干ͬġȻСҲ⼸罻׵Ҫ
ҹδ߽СͷУвǴͷβһ飬ûԼҪĶסһҿջ
ڿͷϴһȻŴ¥һ¥ĳԷĴá
͹룡һӭ
ҹδͷŻһǰ˼ƲˣسΧ̸
ΧԷʿҲһҹδ룬ȻҹδΪǿҹδܹ֪ͣǰŮӾԲꡣȻʿܹյģͼᣬʿܹ֪ģȻᾫȷظ֪ҲʮꡣԵǿҹδ룬ҲʧȥȤ͵ʿΪ϶ߣ˵˻ֻһ
ڵͷ֪ԼＸ͸ʲôԵȥһʿһҹδ룬˵
ͬһʿȴи֮̾ɫǸʿѹ
ϸ磬˵ƹʲôͻȻˣǸΪҲһţʲô壿統һɢ޿
ҲûסǸʿҡͷɢԼףһţҪһţ̫ˡ
ƹȻҽţӦ̰ɣ
ѵʲôԵ˴Դ
˵οȥ˲ٵʿɢޣмʿʿҼǵƹҲֻһܵʿɣ
ţܵء
ǰصĿܵϵĲʿҲ֪ǰȥأǱű˼
治˵һɢŪЩŲ˵ʲôһɢҪŪһţɾҪżԴ
˵ƹҪδؾǺ°ȥȥ
ȥΪʲôȥ˵˱ûҹδʶ̽˹ȥȡ֮ʶ
ôȱǵţ˵оϲ
ֹȥ˴Լӣʿ뿪ҹδҲ뿪ʶȴһֱעǣǽͷ
ڶ졣
ҹδ뿪˿ջҲʰһ£׹˺棬ȻΪǸʲôƹ⽨ţЩģҪŪס
ҹδҲûйԼҪӽˣ˵ĿеõϢǰҲܿ췢ҹδǵ
˶һۣתŽ߽ҹδ룬Ǹ֮ǰҹδʿ
СѣǸʲô
ҹδֳֺõɫһЩ£Ըλǰ
ǺǣҲУҶʿչһҲӦ˭֪ûдⰡ
ûУҹδҵذ˫֡
Ǹʿ´ҹδܵýһݣǷģԲԣ
ҽҶīһɢޡҹδ΢΢ͷ¶Ա֮ɫ
ǸʿֳЦݣҶɢޣǾ͸׽ˡҽ½ᣬ½͸ǰɡ
лλǰ
˷·еĽ䱸Ҷҹδʮȣ;˵ԼΪߣѶࡣ
ҹδһݵģȴǿЦãųɿ϶½½ֶǼٵġ
ţбǿЦáеʿԭͲǱǸƹȥģΧвźͼĸֶȥμƹ⽨Ŵˡźͼûʲô֣ȥԡȻҪҹδ
ҹδβ֪˲⣬
ҲϷ֮ģԼ˵ŵ飬ٱ˷ֻ֣ᱻ˵ʿᱻڵҹδ룬Լž޴ĺôһԵӵͷӦ
˼ҹδӦһۣжֳ˸֮ɫҹδһȥ
ȥңҵʵǿҲͼһܵȥμƹ⿪ɵĴ䣬ı£ȥ˾Ǽ񱦱ҲˡȱԴ
лλǰҹδһĸм
½½иˣһõˣ³ߵϣΣԴ󽵡
ҹδȻ֪˳ţҲ֪Ǹʲôģ֮Լ˵СӣϷ糾֮ģԼĴ㡣


622 ˼
Ȼһ·ϣûʲôΣգڻɽУ֮УϢռܲã޷жԼİΣܹʱɽ뿪ʿ٣ǽʿܶࡣ
⣬Ҷ֣õҹδߴڶĵһϣƶԼŻ߼Ժļƻ򡣶ʱ뿪ɽʿضܵɡ
ߴûôɵὫ޾ϸǾҹδ۰޷ͻطǱɽҲ뿪ɽʿе顣ˣҹδһ뿪ɽױ¶
Ϊ޷˵Լı
СӣǸԼһ
ţ
ҹδĴǣʱԼٹⱩ¶һ£ɽʿ׷ɱ˴ҾͶ֪ĵʿˡɽʿ׷ɱùߴڵʿϡʱߴڵʿ֪ĵţὫעĿƿĿġ
ʱ¶ԼһֱԼȫ
ҹδװú񣬾һո̤뽭Сһƨƨߵظ˵½½ƺ֪ԼҪȥĵطҹδ߲ͣʿעϢǱУҹδҲԼĶ֮ҹδѧ˲١
ʱ֣һɽ¡
ǽڡ
һСţֻһܵ˵ʵһļ嶼磬ҲɽֶӵĻ£ĵطûнŵĿܡ
˾صȴţҹδҲھع۲ˣһ죬Ѿ˵ѧ˺ܶࡣֿ˿ûĸֻ꣬ǾصȴòľҪֻ֪һ컨۶ǡ
ɫƵ˽ڵĲ棬ſʼĶڴ
ڴ̫ªˣҹδеҹδܹϢǱȥæ½ȡһ֧ʣڻڴϻš
Ƿ
ҹδȤ濴
ΪҹδȻһ۾ϳʲôֻ򵥵˵һ·ڲ£ǵǰĴѿһŻ
˼밡
ҹδ뿴ʮֱǷһá
½ͷҹδüһĵ⡣ҹδ뼱æĴָһľ塣
ߣϢҪʩ
½ȻǸŻ뵽ڣվڴڣǰһ֣￪һŻѱ֡ڶʱڣᱻ֡
ҹδ˵󣬼Ǳеķ򣬲֣
ǰȥĶ
½Цǲ룬ӦֱڵĲر⣬ǽڵģ
ѵӦ𣿡ҹδǲ𣿺õĶӦڽڵİɣ
Ȼǲȥ
Ϊʲô
Ѿͷһԣŵı͵ȴ̰ȥƹ⣬ڻ۶ʿΪȥű˷׷ɱ
ù۶ܵù۶
ǡȥĶ
ȻȥţҪСһŵţҲвٺöǶûɶãǿֳۣȻȡҪԴ
ѾͷҪסҪһӳԸǵŵһ򣬱ǰȫڰȫĻϣȥԴЩԴļֵΣ¼ֵʮֵֻҪмֵͿԡ
ҹδͷ½ӿڵѾͷҪסǵţɵǼЩ·ٵģûһڵĺܡ
ҹδͷͬ
ֻţ͵ĶҲֵǮǻٳɶ֮࣬󣬱ԻԼҪԴ
ȫڵһ
ˣҪٺõıʲôã
͵ĳط֮ǰضҪطһϸ˽⡣½
ڣ͵֮ǰҪ˽źԶŵӵΪʲô̶ȣȵȡ
˵ţȻŵ
ң
ǸҹδĵһоǶţһжŴŵĹءڵĹأʱڿڣҹδĵһоǲ
һ뵽˼ԭǲţбȻ
ڵһܵŻŵӵΪ֪˵ҹδˣ½½ŵӸͷֲ
һľǰ½ҹδ봫ܵѾͷסǵֻ͵򲻵ѣɱˡ


623 Ⱪ¶
ҹδͷ
½ȡһֽˣǸֽ˱ŷнȥȥ˴ԼʮϢʱ䣬ľݵķű򿪣½
סֽԻҩ
ҹδȻǸֽ˽֮ɢҩѾʿԵû˹ȥȻֽٽŴ򿪣ܹöˡ
˽뵽䣬ҹδοǼʶ˵ŵķ߿գһ˿ֵĶչһա
ҹδ֮󣬱ʶһɨû˿ȤĴչΡͻ½ǳ
ɵվŸʲôŵĹأ˭õ˭ģٷָ㡣
ҹδһ£־ͽϵһյ̨
½½˾ḻ졣ʮϢʱ䣬㽫ѹһգȻҹδ뿪ŵڶľ˹ȥ
һææ˺ҹŵһ飬Ȼ˴ԭ·˳˽ڣڴָ˱ȻӶȥ
ҹδ˵󣬿ԶĽ֮˸߲ҵģвͣؼһܹȡʯҹδв̾Ϣһ
һѿƵȡĶܶ࣬˼ǼֵĻȡ˶ʯ̲סʵ
ǰŵȡĶĶ𣿡
½ῴһۣôϣ
ҹδЩȡ˶ʯŶǵȡĶΪɣ
½ɫһ£ȻҹδһۣȻи֣Ҳȡŵ֮ֻˮƽ
˵𣿡
û
ҹδҡͷû˵Ǹʱ;ȥЩ˵ƽʱս縺ڵδѹж
ϵĻشȴ½½вϲ·ðеʥһ㣬ҹδ봵ӵۡ½ָҹδ
ʶҲһ߽ܳôڵģ㶼֪ĸ깳ģ
ҹδҲգڵΪľҲƽϣǫ
λǰָ㡣
ҹδǫѷ£΢ƽ½ֳ֮ɫ
ǵŵĴϣһ¯ࡣô˵ûֱ۵ӡ󡣰˴֪ɣ
֪
˴Ŷײβ˴ڶûа취
˴ڣҹδֳԵĲš
ߴûȥڵ˰һδĽӰˣڿνʮ˽⡣
˵ģڵĻڴͲǽǸܹȵģͲţǸʲôܹ֪Ǳ뵽֮ڡ
ǵȻҸ˵
ҹδţɫͱˡ
½½˵ĽУҹδ϶ſ֮ݣҲڵ˽ġǸΪ١
ȻǻΪ
Ҵ˵ĽУһ󷨼оʿУһʥ
һ㣬ҹδ벻ţҹδ붼ɡӦòࡣˣҲҹδˡ
һŵˣȻһ𡣶ҴǵĿе֪ŵʿѧķǳӣرǷǵʿ޵ġǱΪòôҪ
ȡ˴ţҹδˡǴӻҲҲûеȡ˴ڵڵĲر⣬ڵʿץס
ҹδ飬иǽκһˣκһԼĶ֮
һ˼ţһգһϾڵţһűȽϼеĵطΪطһЩԱۼźͰ˸塣ʿ˼㽫źͰ˸һ顣ҹδ뿴ۼôҲ뷨
׼ﱩ¶Լ˿ԼһʿȻ׷ɱԼܹγͼͨԼԼҲһŵݡ
ҹ
Ͼڣҹδ⾪Ͼڵ󷨣ȻȻؾͱϾ׷ɱŵ󷨣ŻֶΣȻϾڵʿ˳һʱ֮䣬˺
ɽҰ׷ɱŵȷʵЩˣźͰ˸ѵõΧ׷ɱҹδˡ½һߴŴܣһ߲ϵغǳҹδ룬ҹδ룬ôܹ¶
ҹδҲֳһëʱЩճŭ
ˣҲλǰӰɣҸǶϺ󡣡


624 
䣬ҹδͷ׷ɱǵ˳˹ȥ
Ѿͷ½Ҫȥץҹδ룬ȴ½һץסߡ
˱ҹδڿ𣺡СڴˣҺΣ
½½ܵøˣֱ顣
Сõ
С

ʿ˷ҹδΧ˹ҹδ׵شӰΧķ϶˳ȥǸ׷ɱؿԼģȻжߡ

ҹδһСͷǰϳˣȻһȺ׷ɱҹδһӣһ߿ĵЦ
ΪǸСͷеǰͨ
û񣬻֡
С
ԼˣȻܶʿ׷ɱ˵ͬ˺򣬵Щʿʵȫ׷ҹδ롣
Ҳߴڵʿߴڵʿû׷ɱֻǶָָ㣬һӵ̬
ҹδǣǲ׷ɱԼһΪ׷ɱԼҹδϢô죿
׷ɱ˼֮ҹδ͸ˣȷߴڲԼɽЩʿûзϡ
̫ˣ
ҹδɵ뿪ɽҲûȥĳǳأ±ϳС׷ɱӱߴڵĺ֢ǳɹضߴڣȴʿ׷ɱʵǵŵĳԶھɽ֮һƬɭȻһѶ˳ȥӦɳ飬Ҫи
ɳʱ棬ʿץСأǹ򡣽ӵҹδĴѶһڷ£ͬʱҲ֣ҹδôɽӳȥģ
֪ߴ˺ܶʿɽźͼ壬˼ӵĴô룬Ҳӳȥҹδôģ
ô뿪ɽ
ԼĵӴһѶɳ佫鰲ŸϣԵԼƺоͻƵ׼ɳȥһˡ˵пͻƣмΪܹͻƣŵķչͻáظ֤Ӫţɳ뿪š˳ɽת˼Ȧȷû˸٣˺ҹδϵɭ֮С
ʱҹδ۰ţƻδ
۰Ҳ֪ԼߣߣױϳȻߴ׷ɱҹδ˼ǣڡ۰룬ȴܾˡ
δ룬ⲻʡ
ڿڻ᲻㣿ĸ磬㲻Ҫġ
Ҳǵ۰԰Ŵֵܹȥ֤ܹ˵ڡں㣬ضߴڵѹҪǣһڣ¾ͻһֱڣһͻߴڵ׷ɱҲһֱڡ
˼ǣ
۰ЩڷҲ˼˺ܾã̿ڵ׼ȥ⡣ߴڶں޳ĪںϢҲΪȥӦǰȫġ
Һ죬ҲߣܹҴ۽硣δ룬Ҳ֪Ҳȱҵϵϵ飬ܻܿᷢκһ˵ϣǣڸԵŶһһЩҲһ˲١Դȥ˺⣬ܹ
ҹδͷȥȷʵһ·ӡҪõĶ࣬ͲԸһֱţ۰ȻҲԸ⡣Դݸ۰ԣ
ţȻ
۰ҲûƴǣֱЩԴݺܶࡣҲȷʵҪҹδûеȵͻᱻϳߴڵ׷ɱ
һͬʱĿ࣬ɳɭдҹδ룬ɳ岻һ㣺
СȻ󿴵Ա߳۰ԣ㷴Ӧ˹ʦã
ҹδ뺬Цͷǽһ£λĸ磬۰ԡλҵѣڵĴɳ塣
۰ԣֻվ͸һѹɰࡣĸһҹδ
Ҫĸȥ⣬ûʲô¶Ըһȥ·;ϣǿڷڸ򡣡
æͷҽŵѾźˣҹʦһ·
Ǿͺã̡
ҹδ뽫ս˷ս˵ڶ㣬۰Ժɳս˵Ĳ㡣ȻԵС뿪ɭ֡
һ·ϣҹδСģܽҲסҲܴʷֲڱƽԭҲܴʷȴҲ硣


625 ϵ
ΪʱεضУ֮ǰΪûлҪһŨĵطѾ˻ҲСɣڰ߼䣬Ҳܹ磬ֻٶҪ٣ڱƽԭԶ
ÿͷɻǻ룬ʷھʷⷽ棬ǿʼ˱֮ǰһЩٶȡ
ҹδ㹻Сģ֮󣬲Ž뵽һǳءΪﻹжԵСͨڽŵʱ򣬻⿴һۣûжͨŷ
ҲǣԼɽǸط¶СݣǸطûʵɽԼͨߴڻࡣ
˱׼һʱ䣬Ϊĸ磬йʦͽ׼һЩԴȥһƷϡȻڿջķóȥۣȻһһЩʺ˸ԾԴ
ķǺģ۰˵ԴҪࡣԣҹδһº뿪ʱѾ˴Դ
;еʱҲϣʱ۰Իҹδ뽻ĵáҹδǳͰ۰ķܲأΪֱ۰Ըߣܹ۰ָ㣬۰ԵΪӿٶȡ
ɳˣʱڰҲҹδͬС˵ľڷɿɳ壬ΪΪ͵ԭľø죬ҹδ뿴ò£ɳͻܵʸˡ
ɳ˵ʵϸһЩ
ϾͻƾأֻС磬ɳҪͻƵǴ󾳽硣ĻѾ㹻ֻľĥŷڶħĥ£ò˶ãӦþܹͻơ
鶼ܺá
ҹδҲѵôʱ״̬ǰĽͼȣɢ˳ȥҹδ̬øƽͣľҲԽӵĴ⡣ҹδһֱӵĺôǹʷʱЧ˲١
⡣
ߴѾ֪ԼŵߴԲҹδɱˣһɽͷͨ¡ߴڵɫǳáڵȣߴ󻯵նɱҹδϢǾͲţҹδ뻹ܹնɱߴ󻯵
ϲ롣
ҹδָǴ˾ϲȻߴڵߴԲȫɱ⣬ȫúıһڵⲿøãŵӰһӰһŵĸ涼кôڻϸ֮·
ǳǣҹδ뻹ߴ󻯵׷ɱҹδ뱻ߴ󻯵ɱˣڵһеõľ涼ἱתֱ£ñ֮ǰӵļѡҪǣҹδһҲҲܹŵˡĿǰҲ
ƫƫڱߴڷҪȥҹδҲ
ߴнҲн˫ꡣ
ҹδأ
ʧˣ
ˣʬ
ôȥߴڼڶ࣬ߴٴɳ˴ʿ뵽ɽʼ̺ʽòװҹδɽαضҪҹδնɱ
ɽĿⶼɽ嶼ɳ̽ӣɽ
ӣʿ˵ĵطƾۻᡣ
ֹȥ£ҹδ˾뺣һǣǡ
ҹδΪ˹һźͼܲĸϹһںת˺ͼֹ˼ƻҹδ벻Ǯһϸĺͼ۰һ£ѡһܹԶĺߣĿǴ¹Ȼһǰ¹Ĵ
ڵΪµʱڶͻˡ
۰ѾٽܵԲҲٽԲɳҲɹͻܵܵһ۷塣
ڴԶ˺ʮ֮ҹδϵһ¡룬ԼڴϣӦǰȫġ
ԼĴڣ󷨣Ȼȡ˴Ѷ̡
ڡ
ɽ
ϣȸͶһڵ㣬ֻ˶һ񲻼еģʱؿһ۶ĴѶ̡
ҹδһֱûϢߴǱҲûյϢƲ⣬ҹδӦûʮֶӺΣա˵İΧȦԽԽС
ȸ̲ס̾Ϣһ
ˡ
ʱ򣬶ĴѶ˲ֱͦˣֵһץ㽫ĴѶץ˹˴Ѷ̡һĻ˵ɫһ¡ͨĻҹδĻһɽҰ
δ룬Ҽʵ
ҰӦھ붫ǧĺϣһҴ׼ȥ
ں⣿


626 
ǰ
ɽܳˣ
ţܳüˣ
ȸʵôܳģ
ҹδЦɽ˵еˣȻ͸ǻһ𣬻һţС
ȻڵС飬ȻҲյϢȴû뵽ǸСҹδ롣
ľϸ˵ѩڵ
ҹδͿʼϸԼնɱǸαװʿʱ򡣳ѩʵ
㵱ʱȷǸʿǴµˣͲɱˣ
ҹδʮȷҲ޷ʮȷҲµġ
ѩ̾ϢһҹδȻǵƵϵЩһһҰֻƾŲ²ͳ֣һնɱˣͲ֪һУһŵ׷ɱ
ɱҲ̫ˣ
˵ɡ
Ŷ
ҹδϸؽ˹ɳ壬ͻƻϣɳҲܵˣֵ˶ǳˡ
˵ʵǰֲ˲ٵźͼ壬ûгһڲ֪жôҪ
ʦģѾ㹻ԴֻҪԸߣǲȱԴͻƻġ
˱һϲǻ͸һЩͻƻҪԴϾɽǸطԴǲһЩ
ʵҲǲɽźܶƷܸߵԴ̫Σˣÿʿ١
ôԴʵ
ʦˣһһһЩܹٵԴ
ĬȻ
ֵڣߴڷڣǲܾԮҹδ˵һ顣ҹδЦ
Ѿϵˡ
δ룬δĿǰ־ƣӦô
ɱ
ԣҹδʹϿȥߴЩǲǶΧ
ɱǣҲҪǴˡʹϣˣжʦƽʱҲҵɱĶ֣ڶְǰΪʲôúһ£
Լſڣ򲻹ֱ˻šλʦڣֲҹšҼǵãԼԪʿԪһµʿ֣ǵԼűʱǿԳֵģ԰ɣ
ɫһҹδĺܺð
ⲻ
رȸǵԪԲֻԴӵ֮Ҫźܶ飬ͷˣѾܾúܾûжˡҼ붯֣ҲҲʵĶ֡ںʵĶ˰
ڴ򲻹ӻţܶ
Ƥʲô
Ѿòã
Լ
δ룬۰ȥ֮󣬾̷ŰɡҲҪں¡
µģҹδ
ֵһĲţԴӦʧ֮ھûҹδֲֵĵӣûбµġ
˵ɫҹδҲеˣԼͲµˣòã
Ĳ£ҹδ͵ĸȥ⣬ں£ߴڵĿ⡣
һѩֶӺⷵһ·ҲҪǱУҪ£ߴڵʿҲҪǡ
ҹδüëһ£Ϊʲô
ѩһ۵Ϊʲô㲻֪Ϊʲôһ֣¶ݣֻᱻߴ׷ɱΪĴζô
ҹδ˼ţû̴ӦʵȫԴӦʵһ¶Լ֮⣬ųҲܲԼǣȻųҪŽԼԼҲӦˣôԼһжŴӰ죬ΪΪ׼
ʲôʲôš
׻˵һһѣ
һ֮Ը񣬾ŵʣʿԸ񲻴෴ŵʻһ¡
֮ǰҹδûмȸһõദ
ȸԸ̡
ҲΪڵǸʱڣŵⲿͼΪӣСܵḶ̌¾Ը񡣵Ϊ֮Ŷ̵ķ
ҹδ벻ǲ̣֪̱ͬʱģΪδıһֱȥھ˼ŵʶ̣ԸҲŴڵĳһЩǾԲһŲʢ
ڲˡ
ȥûߴڣŵԸҲɣ̵Ը˥ȥ
ңڵõʱڣһȥʱڡ


627 Լ
ΪڻԪʿԪһµʿ֣Щ߽ʿȸ˰ȫࡣһű򣬻ԪǿԳֵģֶžڱڹϲֵܳڡ
ԣߴڲҹڡûлԪļ룬ҪӵлԪڣߴڲɵ
ԣڵⲿõġ˻Ҫȥʹ˸ıʵĻᡣ
ҹδ벻˵ѩֳãô㻹ɱ䣿
ҹδɫ棬һ˼һ˵Ҳȥߴڵ鷳ˣҲ͡
һʦ棬һ죬ڳΪɽǿţǻô
Ļϵɫһ㶣̶ѻֽɢȥΪΡֵڵ
ǸʱҲܰߴһЩ档Ϊ岻ܹںģǶߴڽڲɱҲ;Զˣ岻ŹڧʱڡҲߴΪʲôһֱûжڽڵԭ򡣡
ԣҹδĴƻǺƽ
ԣֵ£ʹκııһ޴ʵ޽㶼˼ɡѡ񼤽ַѡԻ͵ֶΡڵһֶΡ
ǣƽɱġҹδΪδĺƽΪ˱δģںģǰСģɱӭǵĺƽ
ֵһ㣬̶˶˼죬ֵԵ
˵еһжҪİȫΪţǵһҪ񡣡
ף
˵˼䣬ͨҹδ˴Ѷ̣΢һ·ŵ̸ʼʷͼ
ڣҲŵͨȻ˶ɬЦˡ
ܹ־磬Ǵ֮ˣҲͷӦҹδ뻰еĺ塣ѩЦ
Ѿͷ˵ǰڹˡ
ȸȴǿɬⶼҵΣδ˵òƽǴģ̳ġҵЩ꣬ذˡʵϣŵҪ̡
ͷǾȴɡԪˣ춼ʼЩߴڵĵԪͻսѵǰΧţŵ󡣡
ǣȸüЦսⰻȻ
ֵɱɱǣ˾ǣǴ򲻹ͲΪӲͦӻǡ
ģȸЦҲߴڵĵԪͻҪӣŵĵԪͻͲںˡ
ʱھ¥ںߴʿȲ裬һʿ跻ڵĿⶼǸʿϡǸʿŵʩ
ϣϺλϻڡ
΢΢һüͷվ뿪ŷȥµľٵڵ뿪֮Ҳüͷ
ǲڴ˾Ǻ⣿
ǳ׷ҹδ룬ǵõҹδϢ
໥ӣҲֻܹȴϢȴɽϢ
ۿŻƻ轵٣û˿ɺƽһǺ΢΢ü
ڴʲô⣿
ҡ᲻ǵõҹδϢ
ԽƵѵҹδѾӳɽ
ܣҡͷɽ޵ҹδֻһܵǿҲϢӳɽ
ǧ˼֪ͨɽǱߣЩеϢϸشǹҹδģҪɽһϢ

ǧĻ䣬дĴЦȻȸſ
٣Ϸһս
˶һ㣬ǵȻܹȸ
ǡ
ȸ

ߴڵĵԪͻ׷׷ɵУ˶档
ǵĶ棬վˣڵԪǻоϢɽĿȥԶԶƶˣվˡ
ϣ
ߴʿһ뵽ϲǳ֣Űľȸ
ȸǺ⣿
ȸüëһ⣿űһֱŵ˺Ȳ裿ϻ˵ȶһȻһϣϷҲ㡣
ôһϣ
ߴڻҪҪˣ
ȻкԻ󣬲֪ǷĸҪսҲ塣ȵ
ȸڹǺܾûгˣҲ뿴ûг
ڹ꣬ͬ˰̣ȸŭˣŸ߿շȥ
ͺ¿


628 ɱ
ȴȻһЦһӣſзȥ˸Ҫۿȴȵ
Ǻһս
ȻڵҲߴ߲ͬս
ߴЩԺսˣ·ôʿӦսԣܿڸ߿֮УԴʿ
ĸԪ
ˮ
ɽ綥ս˲˴ʿϢɿش˳ȥõϢʿ߷ظֲεսǧ
սеľٺ;ǺˣרĵضսǴԽƵȹۿˣȴһֱ˼ЩͻȻľٶʲôԢ⡣
ûãǾһɿЦ
ǴƲǰǵһѵõĻᡣ
ڵĵԪͻǲ̫뿪ŵġһ뿪ţ֪ټȻߴΧɱǶھԽܵĽ
ڲмԪͻ
Ԫÿһڶ֧
ȴһѵõĻᣬԼŻԪǳ֣ڶšʱӦҲӦˣԼſڰԼЩѵܹɱߴڵʿԲ򲻹ڼſڣôҲܹӻš
Լأ
ֲҹڵš
ܾڵս
ôܣ
ǱΪڣ
ˣֻưͳԻ
Ǿʹɣ
Ϊڵʿҵ֣Ҳҵ֡дĶ֡
д裬һսʽ˭ǵЧûСֲεʿҪĥ¡
սһĥ¡˵ʵ˭նɱԷ
뵽ԽЩʿĶ־ҲȻһ߹ۿսһ߻λ˼ԼӦԣ
ָ֮ıƴɲǼʱͽģһս춼ѰԣΧ۵ʿԽԽࡣ
ʱһƬ֮УҹδȴȫȻ֪߱ļսѵõ
ÿ˹ʷ֮⣬ڼװϹһ޼ʵĺ󣬹ͺճͺǿաʱҲͷе۰ԣɳ彻
˹ȥ˶ʮ죬ڵ˴¹
ҹδ´û۰Գڴ¹Ѱһҿջס£ڴ¹˽ʱ䣬ûߴڵĺۼ½ϵϢԱ۰ӦǰȫġѰһ֮۰ԣɳӷڷ˳
۰Էֿװʶڴ¹죬ȷûϳ۰ԵˡҹδŴŹɳ뿪
ڵķڹɳѾûЧҲٴڷڣǺҹδһǴҲҪĹеֻģͻƻϣҹδҲ㹻Դɳ帡ϢѾûˣ˱ƽͣڴﵽܵԲ֮ǰľ⣬ҹδҲ㹻ԴҪֻʱ䡣
ԣܺáҹδһ𣬶װʶҹδ벻һ˿ڻá
ڡ
ͷط࣬һ޴ޱȵķӳڿУǾٵǿƣһֻյľȸռ䶼һ㣬ѹԶۿЩʿҡ
úã
һʵĳХʴ䣬Ǿڱգձðµ˲䣬һĨ貵Ĺâȸеĳ
֮С
ϷΪ·Ϊ
ͺڰ
һĹâ˺ڰ
ǧɸߵķӶ˶٣ȻüѿˡűǱɢ
Ǹ߿֮УΪıγһ޴УһС
ٵε˳ȥüĳһ죬ڲ˫Ŀ¶˿־塣һնɱʱʶ𶯣Ѿ˲ơ
ϣ
ȸȻɫ԰ףľ޴󣬴ʱȴһ񳤽Хžɱ˹ȥٿһۣηˣһ
ߣ
µĻʿæߣȸһնнͬƥһżµĻӶȥ
Խһնͬһƥӭȥ
䡭
ճУ·Ҫһ㡣Խϣȸɱ˹ȥȸȴǳХˣͬʱҲˣȸЦ
Խƣ֮ĳս㡣
ȸ˷ɿ˻ţߴڵʿһɫǳѿҲ˻ŴԽʩ
л
Խưڰֵǻһ½Ӧ԰ɡ


629 ճ
һֽ뵽¥һˣһߺ顣ʱҲˣ֡
ǵǣҹδ뾿ûӳɽûӳΪȸǵҲڡԽҲܾûоսˣҲϣȸһ
Χ;Ʋ˵ĶڵĵӣЩҲܻ䣬ûбҪܻ䣬磬ʵҪġ
ٻչƵĻָҲһͣҪָ¶һ˿пԽƼͣϢ㿪ʵ
ȸǿ
ҲĿ˹ȸ;ٵսͷβǶȸҲӮˣǱϾԺȸɱܶණδؿ׼Ҳȸһ˵ҲһѵõĻᣬԲŻѯʡ
뿪ڵҺȸ˵սȽϣӦڲ֮䡣ǽȴˣ֪Ϊʲô𣿡
ԶڵҲ˶䣬ȻΪȻΪԼӮˣȴ˵սڲ֮䣬䲻
ǣԽƼȴ룬΢˼һ£ԽƵ
Ƕ̣ȸҪ񡣡
ԣٵͷҲ֪ʲô˼ǧ꣬һйǾǲҺĹУкܶΣһܾ˵Ĵ򷨡ߣȴ޷ܾ˵ľġϧҲҲܾˣֻǾòֵáԣ֮԰ˣǰܸսǿ󣬶һսУҵĲǿ
Ǻȸսһɻ䡣
ɫһкϼ
ǵһȸģ֮ǰû뵽ڻͻȻս׼㡣˾һսǽ˼
˵ʵǶȸĸһսֻܹԼҲܹҵһ˿ͻƻԪǺȻȸѾõ裬ǲȡĴ򷨡ҲҪսѰһ˿ͻƻԪ
νдֲҲдԵ
ھͿûˡ
ûУǻ粻սΪֻȸͻƵľͳΪȸĥʯǸģǺȸһսܾܿͲǷֳʤô򵥣Ǿ
յĽǷҲܻܿˣҲǣҲȸ
Щ˶ǻڻԪż֮ǰĴʿҾٸȡ˼ʱ䣬ֻǲһϢʱ䣬Ǿ;ȸһս
ڵʿԽԽ࣬Ϊ̫ˡȻߴҲ֪ڴĿģ˫Э顣
ÿһս
ǵԪ֮սҲǻ֮ս
ÿһ춼ûкƽճģڵʿˣߴڵʿˡ˫ƺҲĬһ䣬սû׷ɱΪ˫ǳףɽ̫׷ɱʿҲݵӽšߴ߸̫࣬Ҫ׷ɱһԪܹء
һֵֺ
˫ڲһ໥׷ɱ·дһ㡣
ûȴСʱƻᡣ
սҲͳʮ졣
һ졣
ߴյɽǱߴϸϢߴһһķĿⲻɾۼڵСϡ
Щӣɽ׷ɱҹδ룬СȽעˡҸϢǿ˵С뿪ɽȴûп½½뿪ɽ
ֵûˡ
ߴڵܿ쵽ɽץ½½
ߵսɼɽǱ߿ʼץ½½ߴڳ֣½½ͬɥ֮㱼ӣӲձߴץ
һʣʲôСͲǵŵӣڵСϢ˻ߴɫʮѿ
ȻʮȷѾоŷȷǸСҹδ롣ҵСҲʧˡ
ʵϣҹδ뿪ɽ֮󣬱û˹עˣһŵӣֵùעҪٴҵСϢҪʱȥܸϢδܹܵõ
ʱǵҲЩˣֲڻǷսˣǱض֪ҹδѾȫˣսҲǵĿ⣬ҹδӰȫ
ǡ
۰أ
Ķȥˣ
ѵҹδ뻹ſռ䱦
˵Ҳڸҹδ䱸һռ䱦
ô죿
ߴڳˣѾûбҪˡҹδڰڳֽŵľ棬ҹδӽҲҹδͻٴγ֣ҵۼ


630 
ߵʿˣɽǱߵʿҲˡֲ²ϢȻźܶ಻ͬǹͬ㣬ȴҹδ۰ԣɱߴ߸Բ֮󣬳ɹˡ
ߴڵһͣڵһ
ټȸսߴڣߴھȻûɱһڵʿߴڵһͣڵһ
ҹδӴǺߴֵʱѾȥˣҹδźûۿִʿĳ档
ûк͹䣬ɳ𣬹ɳֱɽȥҹδҲڵķȥҹδ뿪֮󣬱ֱӻԭòҹδıݣȥ
ȻʼսߴˣҲҪԼҲǶһ֧֡
Ȼʷһ˿ȴѾСɣ˵һ׼ˡѾ൱ڰ벽ˡԼǴ򲻹Ҳܹ
ڻصڵĹУȴҹδ뾪ȡ
ûڵʿΧɱ֣ʵԭҹδԼ߽ʱ̫٣ûС
ҪҶͬݣҪҶīݣԵСݡЩҹδˣҲֻǿҹδӰ죬ʵ϶ҹδĺİɽ̸۵⻹ȸЩԪʿսǱʶоͺ˶ҹδļӡ
ҪǣߴڶΪҹδ뻹ԵСɽ磬Ȼû뵽ҹδԱ֣֪ͨЩźͼ壬ҪϲСټ˾ҹδһ·ȫطš
ҹδ뵽ڵΧڣűڵߴʿ֣Ϊʱֻؿҹδ߽ڡ
ں󣬾̱н˺ɽֵĶֵҹδ룬̾͸
δ룬ҲӦ֪жΣգߴϻ˶
ҹδץץԴʦ棬ҲûжΣհɣԼòӺ߻ûΣա
ֵһۣӣ㶼ɱ˶ߴڵˣߴڻ᲻ע㣿ֻҰˡʮ֮ڣš
ҹδȻǱˣ
ѩЦԣǱˡ
ҹδ룬ԼѾȥͦʱˣĥµҲˣҲӦרͻ˵ͷ
аɣ
ֵɫźһЩӻֵˣʣµöҺ˵ɡ
ҹδͶҾ뿪˰ֵĶҹδĶȥҹδںɽʱҹδŵһ·ϣ´ҹδ룺
û뵽ܹɱ߸ԲͻܹɱˣǸʱ򣬿ҶĶˡ˲
ʦͱҿЦˡɱ߸ԲͲɱ˷󡣡
ɱı£ʲôֶΡ
Ŷ˷ܵɫҹδΣʦʲô¶𣿡
ŶЩ顣һ˼ǲǺܵĴǣ
ҹδǾһҴǳˣ
ûУҰֵͨһЩǽ˵飬۰Ա׷ɱ֮ǰͱӽ˸ؾǸ֪ĸˡҵҲûгء
ҹδͷ֮ǰͺ۰Բ²ǵľһֱûǱ׷ɱһָоŲǡȴû뵽Żô
ʦΪʲôôԴҴǣ
˵ֻЩ²⣬Ӧ磬㣬츳ǳãЩŷǳءܹ÷ǣǵӦ̤Ԫĺܴܣһ˿ɾͻԪĻᡣǼŲðձǡ
˵ҵһҹδ룺츳ôãôͲһڣ
˸־ɣⶼԼѡ񡣾񵱳ѡڣʵҴǶʮֵңҲûȰҡ
ҵͷҲǡЩǣվҲǺ¡Ҳܷġ
ҹδĶ˺һ裬Ҿ뿪ˡ
ҹδ׼չˣ
ʮʱչأڱչǰҪһϸļƻ
ҪıڣԼ峹ʷȻͻ
ͬʱҲҪ׵ԲͻƷ
Ǿϵͻơ
Ҳ¡
Ӧðнˣʮʱ䣬ȡнԲ


631 
ҹδʼݡ
Ľҹδ룬ҶͬʦҶī
ÿһݵĳ֣Ҫʹݵĵҹδ֪һ죬û˹˼ɣݵĵһԼսᱩ
ڴĽޣҹδĿǰûʲôġƣ֣ǻǺӺ£˵Ѿﵽ˽ļ£ҹδĿǰƿҪͻƿܸǿĽʮּѡ
ǲǱչʮһܹġ
ԣҹδʱ½򣬽ڽͷڵķĹϡ
ʮԼ᲻ɹҹδ벻֪Ǽᶨһһȥߣ϶ûд
ͻȻ뵽һ
ܹ飬Լķܲܵ飿
Ѱ
ǿ֮У֪˶£ŵ顣Լķ벻ʱ̣Ҳûǿֻ

һûɣ

ţ
˵Щܹһ𣿡
֪ʶд
ô᲻֪㲻𣿡
飬Ҳ֪ôġ
ҹδɫһ㣬ˣȻ飬ǵ֮󣬶ڵ֮ǰ飬϶֪룬뿪˶ٴλص˺ɽ
ɽ
Ԫڵ㣬ҹδ룬ѩôôͻˣ
ʦ棬һ£е𣿡
Ԫɫһ㣬ֵͷһûСɽʮϡ٣ʲô
ҹδ۾һʦ棬ôģ
֪һλԵɺл齣ɽļҲʿڻԵɺеõġ
˵ֵЩӦˣ̽ʵҪԼķ飿
ţҹδͷʦʲô취
ֵҡͷûа취ʵʷϺܶʿԹûһ˳ɹû֪ôģԼҲ˵
Ŷ
ҹδʧػصԼĶԼʶ
ʶϿƮռ䣬·һС
ǸǶʮлƵķ룬СÿһֱŽľˮԵķ롣
ҹδ룬ǶʮлƵķ룬ܾöûˡʹõֱԵķ롣㽫ʮлƵķ룬ķʽһʶֽԵķ룬
Ҳ֪Լ᲻Чһ£ֲʧʲô
ҹδ뵽֮ڣʼ
ÿʱ䣬ڴʷͬʱҲͽͬʱԣҲÿ쵹ʱڶۣԡ
ÿһңҲһЩŵĸϢǽҹδ뵱ɽӰͲҹδֻ֪
ŵķչܲǧһ˸˵ס
ȸı㣬֮ǰΪⲿ̫ӣһҲֻܹǿάţȻܾӪƵƵѾûˣϱŭ֮õ˻Ԫ֮Լ
Ԫ֣ȸ˼ıڿˡ
һʱһιȥڵΧѾΪģԲǧﶼţǧķΧڣʼһЩڵĸźһЩ塣
ЩеԭڱأѾ׹鸽ڣеطΪԭ治ȥŻ߼壬бѡһЩзֵźͼǨܵһԼĵźͼΪΪܹҪɷ֣ܹŷΧȫƿء
ȻУҲеûһЩ֪֪ףߴڰŻ߼壬ߴڵŻ塣
ˣ˭Ҳҿ϶Щźͼûߴڵİӣôģôӣܹ氲尵ӣοߴڣ
ܵľڱáȻǧﷶΧɽСĲСһƣһڸƵơ
ȻҲǺϢҲлϢ
һ꣬˲ٵӣлһЩ츳ĵӣһûͻƵܵû˳Ϊ͵ԪҲ˵ڵϲôЩûӡ
ִ˵ȷʵһΣҪ֪ߴڴ󲿷ֶҪǿڻԪȵҲǵԪһµʵʣԶԶҲڷչԭ
ڡ
ҹδֳֳݺܼ֮С
ҹδѾ֮򱬷ΪǿҲΪܼҹδȣѾȫܿһԽԽǿżϣҲˡ


632 չ
ܿҲܿࡣҹδȴһֱľˮؼ֪УѾȥ꣬Ѿʮ꣬ҹδˣȣѾżˣǴϡļڴĹУƤһ㣬ȥһһ㣬еʹ֪ҲƤĹСɱ䣬ʷһ

ҹδг³һʷһ˿ʷ̫ˡһ˿ʷȻʱ䡣
ԼʶÿҲʷͼľѾʷתʶʷľ顣󣬵ʷһ˿һ˿ôļѣ֪ҪķѶʱ䡣
Ѿ򵽴ɾ磬ǷҪһЩɡ뽫ԲܹͻƷ񾳽硣
ѣҹδҲż֪ԼΪѾˡԼȣǾͻᵮħˡ
нͻƵԲˣнʵϲнΪнǷֱֶԹɡҲ˵ýľˮԵķ빹ɡÿһн
ܺǿҹδ֪ûԽǿҲ˵ÿһнĽǿ
ҹδԼȷĿ꣬н
ʶڣŶʮԷ룬ЩĲϾԣҲ˵ÿһ붼Բƶɣÿһ뱾;߱Եʡ
Ҳҹδʧ飬Ǳûио뵮˿ۼ
ҹδҲûʧԭӣҲŵľٶ
ĿޣҲûҹδһᷳͨõĳɹʱޣȻԼΪûսˡδֻһ
ʱ䣬һԼ˵úͺʵһ¾硣ҹδ׼ͻˡ
ʷѾ
ֻܵ͵ʿ˺ںϵĸ֮ܵͽ˸ӡϵϣ˾ͲǵˣҲϣ˲ܹҲʹ
ҹδܹ֮ܵԲʱ򣬾ܹʿһսΪĵ̫ǿɵĵҪʿĵͱ˲ͬǳĵȻɣķһ㣬ŻԪϢҲˣܵԲľ磬һ˿ܹʹ
ܹʿ࿹ԭ򣬷һʹܵǲܴùġ
һЧԭ򣬾ΪǸʱɲǵܵһ𣬶൱һ˺򣬲ܹܵ磬׵
վں߸Բʿʱû߸Բһⲫľ棬ɱڶնɱ߸ԲҲΪܹõģ˷ǸʱԶԿԲ
ͻǾͲͬˡ
ҹδϥдڴû̿ʼͻǹԼ塣
νǽӡĶͷӡϡʷǽԭеķĨȥΪı壬ȻӡϣͷɵǣǻӰĸ֣սɵ塣
ʷҹδ뵱ĨȥԼͷϵķűϵĲͬΪǸʱľǷ˾磬һĨȥͷϵķƣ˻ʱӡƣ˻
ʷͬ綼ܵˣȻ
־ء
һرҪɵʮһͷӡϣÿӡʮ߿ͷĵϣһء
ҹδռ仹Ƿǳڴģܸ֮ǣҲڴռܸܲһѵҲǸһѵӡϵķ
Ȼڴһռ俪ʼʷǣȻ󽫵ϵϳǰһһĹۿȻռһһسԡ
һµʱ䣬ҹδȫϡռڳȶ졣
һա
ҹδ뿪ʼſ飬֮УֱӵԼڡ

ֱӵϡ
Ϊԭľϣľ磬ϲѣҲܡ
ڵѾȫʷͬһŰֽһ滭ͼ


633 
кԽԽ죬ԽԽŨ屻û̶ûϴԻѻ貵Ĺâ
ֵѩ͸üëһֳϲɫ
ǵľ磬ȻһӾ͸֪ͻƣһͻơֻܵȥһʿͻܵˣоǽӳ죬˾ܵԲԶͻҲֻҹδˡ
ˣ
ҹδͻˡ
ҹδͻ岻ͬԲһӴ֮ô򵥡
ҹδܹܵնɱ˵ҹδֻҪͻôҲãҹδݺˡڻҲܹˡȵҹδͻƵڣڣǲǾͿ԰ҹδ뵱һˣ
ԪʿӰʧˡ
һ̱ҹδ붴ǰ֪һΧĵŨȣѩɸп
Ҫҵͻǿˡ
Ҳǿ󰡣ֵ͸Ҳ׷׵ͷ
ಡ
죬ȸͶҵҲҹδĶǰ֪һΧĵϣһ϶ֳ֮ɫ
⡭ȸЩɬôͻԲʱƲࣿ
ֵƵ㲻ҪˣҹδĿǳ
ĬȻ죬ȸ̾һгĽһ˿ź
ǳ
ֵҲ˸пȥ˻ϵʿˣżĺôҲҹδͻ֮жһͻƵʿ
ȸԴϲʿ׷뿪֮󣬱һʿ߷ȴҲҹֽӽӰɽʼϥӵɽš
ӡϣɱȵӺµ̫࣬临Ӻ¼ԽİٱֻӡһͷͼҹδʶڵľľռڵдĴȴãͻȻ¼ġȻҹδ뼱磬ҲûмǸ̶ȣӡһͷȻϢ㣬ʮ꣬ҲԴﵽԲ磬ûбҪԼƵ̫
ϳңɻжٶԪҹδ벻ʮꡣ
ҹδٶѾˣҪʿ˲֪ٱ
ľʷ룬ΪϣܹʿʮĵϣȱٵӡΪʡ˴ʱ䡣һʿҪķѽʱ⡣
ڶΪһ𣬶ԭżΪ͹㲩򡣶ʿÿӡһͷʱ򣬶ҪȽεʿֱķҵʱ䣬ټռǰ˸壬ҪÿһͷҪϣʡʱ⡣ʮ꣬ȴҪǧꡣ
ȻǧָǶͨʿھӢʿΪ츳ԣӦÿԽʡķ֮һʱ䣬ҲҪ߰ҵʱ䡣콾ʱ仹٣ԼҪİңǾ콾ҲҲͱҹδ˲٣ԼҾͿԴﵽԲ
ˣҹδҲҪȾ콾Ͻʮʱ䣬ȻԼɡ
ԣʮʱ䣬ҹδӡһͷʣ²һɵʱ򣬱ӡʼ˹Ϣָ
ĵɢȥȴûɢȥǲ֪ҹδ᲻ӡӡȻҪĵ϶ǵİǳ
ϺԪѾȥֻµĶңϥڶſڣΪҹδ뻤Ҳûȥҹδ룬ھԼáûȥҲûȥȻ͸뿪ˡ
ܹҹδĵеõ򣬸οЩ
жʮֳԾû뵽ҹδһͻƣΣȻҲиȻֻУѾ˲ˡ뵽ҹδǳҲȻ
ǿǳӦΪǳѹһʱͻƵĲΣŻĵϣӦҲɣ
úܿ죬Ͼֻҹδͻһأһֻǵһصĵһͷܹһ˿ãѾˡ
˵ʵǶѾܾûˡԽߣԽѡ
۾ɰԵͷ
˶ǳ˵ҹδټչȥҲܹʼӡˡҹδĸ˵ǽʡʱ⣬ꡣ
ҹδڽӡʱȻ֪ȴҲΪ⡣ԼͰ


634 ս
ڻָ۷֮󣬱̼ӡǰӡһͷĵϡʿʮ𾪡
ôô죿
ҹδ벻Ҫ
ҪҪܵϵ
Ҫ֪ܵϵϲΪķʱġôֻǼҵʱ䣬Ϳʼһӡ
ҵ˶ʼˣȥˡֵҲģȴûȥҹδ룬Զҵ˵
Ȼڻڼ֤ûгʲô⡣Ͼǳ
ҵ۾Ҳһ
԰
ҹδǳԼ˶ǸҲ츳԰ɡܹǳˣȻ츳ڳˡ
Ҳ˿˿ģصҹδĶǰ
Ҵȥҹδ뱻Ѿȥꡣ
꣬ҹδ뽫ȫͻϣʷͼͣǣӡϾȻʷҲЧȻЧܶ࣬Ҳľʷﵽһ
ʱҲӡ˶ʮĿͷΪﵽء
˵ĳɾͣǶţӰ̫ˡ
˵ңءءء
Ȼûһ˿ͻƣǺþû״̬ˣڶԼڵĲ˽һǿԼٴͻƵϣȻֻϣҲǸˣΪ֮ǰʮʱ䣬ϣ
͵õʵϵĺôˡ
УأѾܳԼӡҪľͼˣѵһˣֻҪȥͻԲˡ
أһֻҪȥͻˡ
ܣأҲͬ״̬
ˮѾʼͻˡ
٣ͻѾԶ
ܵĽӳͽ򣬸ԵõͻơȻֻͻһأӳѾܵأܵء
ȸЩŸ߲˵ǣͽʿͻơʿͻܵˣҹδΪ֮ŵܵûм٣ӵ
۶컨ػ˻ͻƣǾ͸ˡ
ֱһıڵʵԾһ̨ס
һա
ҹδڵϢָ˶ҵδ룡
ҹδ۾֪ûʲôش飬ǲỽġвǡ
ѵֳʲô飿
ҹδ˶⣬ܵʿֻʣ¶һЩܵһµʿĿ򣬱㲻Ӱǣ
ʦôˣ
ߣ߱˵
նڷ´·ϣҹδ˷ʲô顣
һοʼˣ
ûʲôֵģÿң嶼巢һιľؾôʧȥġȻҲÿ嶼ʤҲʤʱ򣬷ͱϳˡ
뵽ڣϣԪҹδܵˡ
ʮŸˣڵĸ߲
ҲȸĿɨҵ֪˰ɣ
˾ǵͷ
ȸҹδֻҹδ벻֪սսÿҶᷢһΡеʱսĹģСһЩеʱսĹģһЩιģС˵Ԫ򡣡
ҹδɫһݣֵ۾˵
ǲҪעԪԪǸΰ˸ţÿŶһԪǰһءЩԪҲֻǲгֵĻġ
ҹδٴεͷеĽ΢¡
ȸܵһµʿǾͲ˵ˣ϶Ҫǰһء˵˵ܵϵİš
˴ھ飬ڱһԪĸܵ
˵ȸһ͵Ϊŵ̫ܵ٣Աֻܹ϶ˡ
ٴεͷ
ȸ˵λԪɸʦ֡
ͷ
Ԫɵǰ
Ҳͷʾͬ⡣
ɶҺͳǰ
ҺͳҲͷͬ⡣
ȸĿҹδ룺벻ȥ
˶ҹδ룬ҹδЩ⣬Щ˶֪ǰҹδ뵱δġ
սɲһ飬ǼΣյ顣ҪǣҹδߴڵĶԹ
˵ߴ˭¾ҹδ롣
ҹδһ֮ʹܵߴɱһ顣Ƶɱߴ߸ܵ콾Ȼɱߴ߸۷壬߸Բһ˵ɱ¾ֵǧɱ¾ֵˡ


635 
ߴڱضҹδ뵱жд̡
ȻսʱߴǾԲҹδֵġǰأ
սأ
һأ
УһЩΣյɸҹδأ
ҹδʮ꣬Ѿأ˶ҿ϶ҹδžųɵİδͻƻΪʿɵϣͻƵԪ
ڻԪ
ǾͲ˵ˣûƲ⡣ⶼǧˣûһ»Ԫ
ֻҪܹΪԪھȥĽӰˡ
ΪҹδܵͿնɱôҹδﵽԪǲҲԺͻԪһ£
ԣҹδ벻ܳ¡
˵ʵֵЩǲҹδȥġǵУҹδʵʵͺã˳㸨ȸš
֪ҹδԸ⣬Ųͬ⣬Ҳ͵͵ȥǻ׵ȥ뻹иĻԪߡҹδ
ҹδҲ˼ȥԼδ߰УʹﵽԲԳͻƻˡ
˵ĻʹһĥԼĻᣬһӼʶҰĻᡣȦûмʶֶΣľܹͻƻ
ȥˣž޴ΣաͲߴڵı̿ԣҲ޵ΣաԼȥ壬ѡ˱߽߱ǽǣʵܲȺս󽫻Ŵĸ߽ʿ
Լ岻еĸͨսǱߵĵβִģսΣԲⶼ˶δ֪Σգ
˵ǲߴڵı̣ҹδսУҲû˿֡
뵱ڿɲֻôԪܵôһţôֻô
һδսУǰߣ
ȻЩеսģеǱߴڸġ
ȷ˵ɸΪΣյ񡣻ΣյʱߴڲȥԮȣܣ˽ڵʵԽԽ
ÿһսߴڶΪһڵᡣڵֿ幥ͬʱܵؿЩڵʿ
ҹδȥˣضΪߴԵĶ󣬽ӭһһ
ߴڱضȫҡֻ֪ߴڻ᲻׵ң
ǸңȸüǻҪ˭Ҳ㶯֡ǰĶ϶ܶࡣ
һ£ʵϣǲȥġ
һȥɡҹδ
ȸֳ֪ͣˡ
ҲһʱǵʮָӡȺҹδս֮ʱ£ҹδ벻ȥʧĸ
Ƕ֪ҹδ縺δĸˣʵҹδѾδ縺ˣھѾ縺ˣ׿ԽĹסҹδѾΪ˵Ѿڸ߲㡣壬Ѿһ峤ˡҹδܾˣҲʧ
κһҪһӵˣοҪ˵š
Ǿҹδ룬ˮĸǰɡȸԵ
ĸ˶ͷȸֽĿܵӳ죬ǰ
ǣ
ȥ׼ɡʮ֮Ƕ
ҹδ뿪˴ȥǣҪ˲ٵĵҩӦһȥǱ߿ŪһЩƷĲҩȻصԼĶ
Ҳûʲô׼ģָָ۷״̬㿪ʼڵڶʮɹͷӡϡ
ʮʱܿȥڶʮͷĵӡ֮һҹδɽŷȥ
ɽ⣬Ѿۼ˴ʿЩʿڵģڹϽΧڵźͼ塣
ڵһԪĸ֮ܵ⣬йϽǧﷶΧ֮ڵźͼľŸܵ
Ǹ߲
۶컨ػ˻ʿ࣬˻һµʿ͸ˡҹδվڷȥ㳬һʿ
һʿҷۣŵһصķȥ
ʱе嶼ԱзɵһҷۣʹַģշеģҲгģǧţ壬ɢޣǧʿڱһء
ҹδȻԼĲңӵһ쿪ʼڲڱչأ硣·;ңԶǳۣڴﵽһأҲҪһµʱ䡣ҹδͬһ۵ʿҲϥҹδնĵ


636 
һա
ҹδӲгѾ˶ʮ߿ɹͷĵӡѾԶ
·಻ĳǽһݣҹδвɷһ̾뵱ԼǱ߹ռΰĳǹأֶô𾪡
ڵķ۽ڵһ⣬Ȼ뵽ڡĻס͵ȥˣҹδҲ뿪˻ݣڳڣҹδ֪Լǰȫġ
һҾƹݣҪһᡣȻȡķŽһƣͬʱʮƷʯ
ŷеַԼȥ͵Щʯˡ
İɣ͹١
ǸʯţҴȥһͻҹδϲ裬ҹδ֪ȥˡ
͹٣Щʲôˣ
ǵƲ˶ɣٰõľ̳
֣
ҹδ裬ʱţƷҲһͲһ˵ʱ򣬰Ĵűƿž˽
δ룡
磡ҹδ뼤վ
Ŵ磬δ룡ǹ
磡
ǹ⣡
Ӵ˶ˡԶ¥ݿڴ̫Ȼ
һк˽뵽ڡʱһѾҹδ붣ƣٽžȡһ̿⡣ΧΧžһʵ
δ룬Ķ
ǲõģҹδ΢Цĸȥ˺⣬Ӧùú󡣡
ҵΪ֮һɡ
ͺãδ룬֮ǰǶͽʥأ֪ܷ飬Ȼ֮˽⣬Ҳģϸ˵˵
ҹδ㽫ϸؽһ飬ڴӽŵ̬зҹδž䣬Ȼ
ţ
žڰֵ㲻õǵİοֻǡҲЩ鷳
ȻҲɫȻͷž֯һԣ͵
Ǽ˵ʺ츳ǿŶˣѾܵԲˣǶʲôΪ˵˵
һأȻ
žһӣΪߣˡ
ȻȴҡҡͷΪõ˹ĴУҸҺܶƽ̵ĹǰΪйƳԭ򣬻ռݺܴơ˵ͻƻʲô⣬ٶȻܿ죬ǵȵһԲҪͻƵԪˡ˵ĹƳ棬һۡ
˲Ƴ棬ȻȻ˵һˡⷽ棬Ҳ˵ʲô㽫Ŀ
ҲһˡҺͶ࣬Ϊ欣ҴﵽԲ֮ǰҲʲôƿٶҲܿ죬ҪͻƵԪ欷ҵѡ
ҡĿǹЩֻܵء
ʵϣҹδû˿ǹ⡣
֪˵¶
ҹδռ䣬žźͼռ䣬ȻŹ񴫳к͹Ƴ渨µĴԴǹʲô
δ룬Ҳ˰ɣžʵ
ţءˣ˵
ţҵŶҺܿãҵصĿꡣԣֻҪҲڣǲҵġȻҲˡ
Ȼ׷׵ͷ
ڵǣһЩźʽͻǾͺܡ
ҹδžǵĸܡ
ȻڵҾߴںں˺濪սĻ˺ˡһս޴ܲ𡣡
һڲ裬ƿڵҲûʲôõĵġδ룬ӦóΪڼ̳˰ɣ
ţҹδͷ
²豭ֱͦǾŬΪŵļ̳ˣΪһоֵܽ˵㡣
˵۾
һٷʱɢȥ
ҹδ̤Żƻص˻ݣʮɡĸں⣬磬㣬Ŷ£һڷһ£͵컹ûлصԼķ䣬硣

ҹδ뱻ӱչн˳ܵϵʿһݵĴڣλϣĿɨڵĻܵʿ
ж׼
˵϶¶ЦҹδĿɨЩĿ¶Цˣ΢һ룬бȻȻ쿪˵
ǱƽԭǱߵĳǽ
оһƽԭش׷ġɽϿȵȵȵطʿԽƵɽϿȵȵأγɼߡŻǼسǽƽԭشտأֻһߣǾǳǽѹʹ˺ܶࡣ


637 Ŀ
ûʣΪʲôȡõķΪҶ֪ǰ˴ڽͶƱѡģһˡ
ͶƱ
ڻӮ
Ǻǡ
ɫҲأҪʮǱʮǱ֮ĳǽȻһЩźһЩʿ鵽ǵ¡
ңĸԸһǱĳǱŵ𣬵ܵᱻŵǱ졣һǾʲôʵصط֪ͨҡ
˵ֳɱǸŻ߼ΥҲɱǡ
һ֮ҹδ븺صһʮǱߣһʮǱĸڻʿңұߵĵһʮǱĸ˱һʿҹδ룬Ҳ԰ȫࡣ
ڶ졣
ҹδʹǧڵʿǰһʮǱǧʿǴ۶ʿ
˵һʮǱ̽ӹǱǱԭһܵʿǧ۶ʿ㶼ҹδ
ҹδǱ֮󣬱չȴźͼʿûΣգ廹Զδٽ
һǡ
ߴһá
ǺĿ⸴ӣû뵽ֻʱ䣬ҹδ뾹Ȼͻֻǲ֪أ
ٵ˵ƽ̵Ȼ͵ܹͻƵҹδܹͻ
ǹڵž˰
ǺûǴ̵ĻǿڵǾҹδأ
һ۷ӦǼ˰ɣɽԶڵ
˼һ£Ҳ׷׵ͷȻȻͻƵҲֻӡ˼ͷҹδǿҲһ۷ˡ
Ϲأʵ
ٵͷԣǲܶҹδ֣õһʮǱʿҹδΥҹδһϵҶ֪˺¶ҹδԻɱ䡣ԣضЩʿȫҹδ
ʵϣҲˣǲǣǷĵλʮաܱĳǱûеѹֻһ㣬ҪԮʱǰЩʿô𣿡
ǺǺǡ
塣
һþ֮£ԪʿĿɨܵϵʿ
֪ΪʲôҪս𣿡
ãȻؿǸǸЦ֮ǰߴںڱصĳͻԹ۾ͿԡߴںںԴںƽʱˡǲҪƽҪڧһеľһҹδʿ
ɱҹδ룬ضںߴڵìܡͻ֮ǰӼҡ˵Ǿܹ˻ᣬٴжȥһء
ԣҹδͷ˭
ң
ң
ң

һƬĺԪĿɨܵľͱˣ»õϢҹδѾͻˣһصһ۷֮䡣ֻһ壬ȻûȥնɱԻϵʿҲҪˡ
Ц
ҹδҵĳǱУڵһɣ塣
һԲʿվŻԪ
ιһʮǱնɱҹδж㸺𡣡
ģĳضҹδԴŤ
Ԫʮʿٸһ۷壬һ۷壬ʮܵҪնɱҹδ룬ҽһʮǱ⡣
һӾͼӶˣŲӺ
⣡
⣡ʿͷ
£Ԫ˵죬ء
վ˻ԪԪ
Ǳڹʮ֮Уڵ־Ԯҹδ룬ǾͲس֣úԼ֣أȻܹɱá
ǣ棡
룡
棡һԪԲʿվ
ҲǱУֻҪ첻֣Ͳس֣֡㸺ء
ǣ
壡ǻԪҲǱ֮С
ɫһϲԪȴɫһҲҳֻ֣ҪǸԪ治֣ұ㲻֡
ǶҼס
壬Ҫϡ
ҿԲΪȥնɱֻиոҹδ룬ΪΪԶҹδ룬ǻһ󾳽ڣ㶪ˡ
壬Ǳ壡


638 
˵ԪЦһǱӣҲֻܹȥɱһܵҹδ룬һ߸ȴҹδɱ
Ŀ˹ϣҹδһ˷ɱ߸Բնɱҹδ𣿡
УϵҳҹδǿûǿܹƾһܵԲܹɱ߸Բĳ̶ȡȻûضƾűʵ˵ҹδƾıɱ߸Բ
նҹδضնƣܿܵڵհΧֻ˳ߴԲûӳˡ
ԲҵĶ֡
ãԪͷĲһǸһȨڲʧ£ܹնɱҹδ롣
ٸʮٸһٸܵټʮ򾳽粻ͬʿκֶȥӮⳡʤ㣬λʮܵټʮΧҹδ롣
һ˿мʮΧҹδ룿
ôܷϣ
նɱҹδ룬һԡ
ǣԪʣµԮûˣҺ͵ԪֻǱǱ߲־ʿǲ֡Ҳ˵ǻΪ㵲סϵʿɱҹδ룬ƳǱԾɡ
ҹδ
ֻҹδˣʧȥŵϣǲŻ񣬲Żߴڳ˺屬̶ֳȵڧ֮󣬱ǳ׽ʱ򡣡
תֱ꣬ĳ衣
һʮǱڡ
һʮչȥ
ҹδͻأӡɲֵĵʮͷ֪ᴥ󷨡ҹδ뻺չ⣬ŵվ档ڵһ۶ʿҹδ밲ŵԼߣδ١
ҹϣں͸嶼Ѿˡ
ڸţΪһɾܵԶȥ˵ӵݣΪϡҹδѾΪڵƷϡ
ڰ˴һڣܵʿΪƷϣʿΪƷϣʿΪƷϡԪʿûƷǰ׺ͳƺΪϡԵԪڻԪǽ档
ټǿɡ
ҹδųǱ´ȥ
æǶѾ´ˣϡ
ҹδ뵭һЦǺع
Ҳڼҹδ֮صŵӣҹδҲߡ䣬Ϊ츳ԣдֹ۶ź⡣ʱҲһЦ
ǸҲڿս֮ʱÿһǱĸˣӵɱȨû˻ôͷײ
̸̸˵˵´ҹδ߽ţһȺʿվɫҹδʩ
μ
ҹδͷֱߵλãʾŷ׷Ŀҹδ롣
ЩʿûߴڵʿʵϣߴڼڵʿΪÿһǱ˴˽档ǧţɢޣųΪ˴ڸǱӴʿš
ֲεʿΪҹδߣ԰˴Ҳû˿Ҳ֪ս֮ʱÿһɱȨ
ؼǲߴʿȻߴŻٵĹϵǺȴûôֱӵĵжԣûȻĵ⡣ΪŸ˵ƣЩ±ҹδץëɱӺ
еڶ棬˵ʵǶߴвԹԣԹޡÿһսûǸŻ߼壬ɢԸⱻ䵽ڵΧڡΪսȫɽʿ֪ÿһսߴʵĻᣬ仰˵ǿڵĻᡣ
ôЩ䵽ڹϽ֮µţɢ޻ʲô
⻹
ҹδ˵ɣҹδ뱻ˣҹδǻ
ǸʱǱݻ٣Щܹ

ܲԹ
ȻÿսڸĳǱҲ٣ξ͸ʮǱʮǱ幥ɱ˭֤ƵľͲԼڵһ
ҹδսǶܵԲնɱԲѾЩΪߵҲ˭ҹδ룿
ҹδ뽫Ŀɨ
һٶʮˡ
ԼվԼԱߵ
һٶʮΪҲܵΪԲһٶʮ˳ɷָӣжʮ߸ţһ֮ȻڲšаʮԼ壬ʣµɢޡ
һٶʮУһһʮܵʮ


639 糱
ǵ͵ҹδУǵݣΪòȵȡҹδĿһһɨЩˣѾ˺šؿڵ
صĲǱгǱߵĳǽǱ㽫ÿ˸
ҹδһٶʮ˵ʿΪÿһ죬ӦеʿǸ򣬻໥֧Ԯ͸ʩ
λʲô飿
ɫӣҹδնɱ˱Ͼֻǵ;˵ǳҹδǿܹи˵ƣҹδֱйءǽҹδ˳ᢵֶΣǱսʱвòҹδ롣
ҹδǿòսдֹۺ͹ҹδܹڽڵ֮λɽľƻ᲻ᷢ仯
ûУһҡͷ
Ŭɣҹδ뵭˵Ӧö֪ڵľƣھŹأΣյķڸġ
Ϊʲôˣ
Ҷ֪ԭѾһˣǴδˡ
ôЩ˺Щ˱Ǵţӣиλɢ޵ʲô
ǱˣǱߴˣ
ж֪ҹδǶߴڵԹʵ޷һ˵ɫʮѿ
Ҳ룡ҹδ뵭˵Ҳδѡ񣬵ҪǼסǣǱˣǾûδˣΪҶԣȥеС˼óȫǱŽϸִҵÿһȱ֤סǱȱ֤Żδ
𣿡
ףӦ
УڣڡƣҲ˵ҲǱǡ
˰ɣ
ףرĺ
ҹδһ仰Ƕ裬սҪһǿӲ죬ʣŵҹδֵ㹻ǿӲҹδȻֻȴû˰һѾ˻
Ҫ̬̬ȣҪʵʵ
죬ȫԴ
ɣҹδ̴ǵ˱ԵķסȻнһǵÿһͶȥǻӦӵеĽǣǵ򱻹ˣҲͲҪˡǸʱΨһһ·սΪǼӻˣҲնɱǡ
仰Ӵ˿ٵÿһսս
𣿡
ף
ɢ˰ɣҹδڰ֡
վҹδʩ֮󣬷׷ɢȥһɫأܿʹŷԼʿԷ
Ǳ߻Ҫܵҹδ뿴
ݳ̽ϢʮգʮգӦõˡ
ţ嵽ʱ֪ͨҡ
ҹδȥвֳ֮ɫ
ҹδ̫ˣ÷·Ͳڡ
ҹδصԼľʼһָоԼᱻԡ飬Ҳ᲻֪һɱԼ»ڵıߣӦԸ⿴ġԣҪԼΪֻһ˿
ʮյʱܿȥҹδҲֻӡ˲һͷΪء֪ͨҹδ͸о˴ص𶯡
ʮߣλ᲻𶯣
ҹδվ˳ȥȻԶԶرӶ
ҹϣˣ
ҹδͷɣα˳ǱĳͷϣƽԭԶ
ֻһߣҰкܿر󣬳죬˵˼ĳټʮĳХҲ˼ĳʱڳǽϵʿһ϶ɲȻɫͫС¶һ˿˿塣
״̬£δػһ֮¾ʧȥƳǱɻʿ
ҹϣɬ䶯һºƣǸֱͣӹǡ
ǰҹδͷŹЮﱼĴƣǡ
ǡΧɨһۣǵڻ䣬һս᲻С
˵ȥˣһս޴ƻ˥䣬Ϊ޴ʿҲͲˣҲزסˡ
ҹδ뵭һЦǾЮĴƵ
ƵһƵ
ҹδ뵭һЦǰһξͳھǽǧ֮⣬ŵȥ
ǽϡ
ͽʿͲ˵ˣܵϵʿܹȡγǧۣԶԶĵطʵ˻϶ܹȡúԶֻΪΪĸߵͣþжԶˡʱܶ˶ҹδľٶо㶼һ
ҹδҪʲô


640 һ
ʮ壬֮бضźܶĸ߽ʿҹδҪһ˵أ
ôܣ

ҹδһǱʧȥ˱ͻųһƬǱضʧأЩʮʿ
еʿ඼ᵽɤۣرЩܵϵʿɫʮѿ
ʱǲȻҹδպգҲʮͷ̫ˣ嶯֮¡
ڵݲͬˣǱ䣬˳嶯ʮʿ
һܵʿɫأ׷׷Ըȥ׼ս
ǽ֮ϣеʿеʿһβμսҹδжҲ̫ͻȻǵɫò԰ףһ˫˫ĿⶼҹδıӰϡ
ҹδ˵ϣ纣һӿ
ʿв۾΢΢һУҹδ룬ֻʶҹδ롣룬ҹδбȷһ
Ǹҹδɣ
ҲûмӦǡͣԱòݵöࡣҲֻҹδǱͳ죬Ҳֻܹһǰ֣ǰնɱ
Ŀҹδ룺Ǳ߶ҹδĴԺܶ࣬һͬ㣬ǿͬ޵УܹԾ׶սص֮ѾȥڵӦѾǶʵֻţʵȴһ֪úʵҲҪʮĳ£һּܹϢ
䣬ĿɨʮͰܵ۾úÿǴеĿľնɱҹδ룬ҵ㣬Ȼնɱ
ʮͰܵĿԶԶҹδ롣
˵Ӱ
ܽǶǿҲ𾴡
ҹδ봳ټȻǵлûͬǸеĽѾˡ
ĻԪ棬İţοصͷ
֮ùΪ죬ΪԲΪ侲˳ᢵǻۡ
䡭
ԽԽҹδľֻףǧףǧףǧס
͡
ͬһˮԷڿйһ޽Ʈҹδ࣬ҹδɸֶԽԽӿ塣
ҹδĵӰ˳ǽϵʿһſŽŵ滺ŵǺڴǺҹδ뾿жǿ
ڴҹδᱬܣ
ҹδȻպգôʿǰսĳ滹ǵһΣԺܶʿǵ;˵ȴҪеڴԽԽǿ
Щܵʿ֪Χʿ仯һ΢һҲһԵĸп
ļֵ
ҹδֻһվĽŷ˺ܶࡣ
ǡ
ҹδ뱻һ
Щֽܵ
ǧסǧס
ĿУҹδ̧֣ס˾޽ĽǾ޽ʼŹ⣬֮ˮԵϷǱ޽ۣŵϵĻۣǱ޽ԽԽ󣬷Բ⣬ҹδյĺһ
һڲϢĺ
ԶĹĿⲻһֻǴѾ޴ͬһľ޽ϣ͸֪ܡ
ֻһ֣ǿ
ǧסǧסһǧס
ҹδӳӶͬӸĵųĻӶ׵ĽӺűӿչȥ
ƣ
Ӻƣ
ЩӿʿУǿɲǼ򵥵ĴӣǳܼĽ㼯ɵĽӣͬһ㡣
䡭
Щɲǹ壬ҲʮͰܵûǸʶԵǿҹδһվʮͬԺХһһҶۣǵֻ˷ܣֻбŰԺĻֻҹδ뱻˺һĻδǻʲô
ԣʱˣæͷͨȥֵȫûзӳԼӦеʵһʵûзӳ
ǽӶ񱻴ݻٵĴĵ̰ӣ˲
Ǻӡ
ҹδ󽣵֮һѾصͷųĩһ롣ӿڵһ飬ˣ
һ֮նɱǧ壬ʮֱʧ˶ʮ֮һܵһµʿҹδ뽣£ʮִ
ʮȻǧ࣬Ǵ֮Ʋͣͣҹδֻ˥֮෴ǣǽϵʿһ֮󣬼̶˿ȵĻǽŵΪ˸ǵս⡣
һ̣ʲôںߴڵìܣʲô̬ԥʧӰ٣ǹ鵽ҹδ£ǵͺҹδһ𡣴ʱҹδǿƣսǵͬʱҲͬҹδ룬ҹδվһ


641 ȫ濪ս
͡
Էкڿ۳һ޴ĳ쳤ͬһɽͬʱǱһĳΪһ˿˿룬ҹδкڡ
忴ҹδ뱳ʿȴʱҹδסǱԳ쳤ڣȴɫķͬٲһк£¡
ľԷ룬֮ڵǱУҹδΪģһȦľԷ룬ÿһ붼ͬһľԷɽ̲ҹδһ
֣
䡭
ҹδסǱ쳤ǳͬĻɽնӳ죬ҹδһɨһƬŶӶȥ
ͬԭһ㣬ͬһҰݱȼգֻһǧ廹ûǱĳǽʮ֮һ
ǽϵʿһҲû˽ţһԾԾԣҪɱֻǻûеõҹδǿ԰͡
ʱɫѾˣǽǧףҹδ뻹ǧףҹδӳʮֱ֮һ̫ˡ
ҡ
Ҳһնɱҹδľѻᣡ
ҹδһԶǱǾͱǰסᡣ
һеܵϡ
ʱ򣬰ڣеҲûҹδ˼ֻʶ˭Ҳûаգܹնɱҹδ롣
ǡ
Ϲ壬ʮһܵһӵϣɱҹδ벢ѡѵǣҪ̵ʱڽҹδնɱǽϵʿУЩܵͻǰԮʧȥնɱҹδĻᡣ
ԣڹһ֮£еܵԼǱӵ˼£ǧҹδ˹ȥ
ҹδΧкɫʣһǽɫһɫ
ɫǽԷ룬ڿйһɫ޽ɫԷ룬ҹδ󽣵֮һ
£
ҹδɿǱ쳤̧ס˽ɫӭŹʮһͰܵһ̳
ǽϵʿʱֽҹδûҲֻܹסԼͬʱҲ𶯡
ʮͰܵҹδ뾹ȻǶԣжǿ
նɱ
ߡ
ȫ
䡭
ҹδһ̳Ŷײȥ
ƣ
ɢһ
ҹδӲû壬ҹδ뻹ž룬ѹҹδ룬ҹδҲԴߡҪǽҹδնɱڴˣɲǽҹδߡ
ಡ
ʮһͰܵɢɢƵͬʱҹδ֮ľѸٵ
Χ
һȣʮһͰܵҹδΧҹδĹ;Ȼǳױնɱҹδʱ̡
۾Ѿ˶ҹδĺΧû뵽նɱҹδĿĻô죬ô׵ɡ
Ȼһ壬ֵã
ҹδҲЦݣһʽԭͲΪɱУΪƽײ֮ƣѡΧ
ǽϵʿɫޱ䣬Χҹδ롭
ɱܺȣеĻԪѾ¶Ц⡣
ϡ
庰ɱֻڿлص㱻ܼƴĽǣĽӵ汬
ǧ滨
֣
һʿ屻飬Ұ
Χ֮˲
ҹδһ̤̤˱İΧȦųǽȥһɫһ죬һ˿˿۳ɺľԷ롣
ҹδ롭
޾ɱ⣬Լʮһֱһٸֱܵ˶ʮ߸һܵˡ
ҹδأ
ڴųǽնȥ
ಡ
ܾôҹδȥܵҹδ׷ȥǽϵܵѾԮҹδ׼ҹδ붸Ȼһ˦
ϡ
һһ춸Ȼ弤ȥ
նȻ
һ죬һ
ǻƣ
䡭
岻òͷͨαˡ
ҹδӰѾ˳ǽ֮ϣĿ˺еĹ壬һУ˹
ʮʮŸܵ
ʣĸ߽ʿֻݣԼصǱΣա
Ǿ͡һɣ
ҹδֱۣǽеʿ˲俺
ɱҹδֱ·ݺһӡ
ɱ
ʮʿȣӳǽԾԳȥܵʿҲҹδ룬ŹЩܵɱȥ



642 
дһХԪĳХ
һХȶʼˡҹδɫһ䣬һ٣ΧʿҹδͣҲͣ
ˣҹδ侲غȵҲˡ
ո˻صǽϣҴҶҹϣȥ
ҹδͷ˷Ըһ£ŸصĳǱȥܿͱ뵽´У죬ҺͳҲڡһٶԸźͼ
պء
ҹδʩ֮Ŀɨ֮ص
δ룬뵽ʲô
ҹδһµҲ֪ĶԲԡҾɱҡ
Ŀ¶ο
Ҳɱңںߴڵìܼȫ˺ҲοսĿľˡ
ҲΪģɳˡοԺľƻжϣ
ҲǺҹδЦûоֹģսҲ˽ϰԡ
ͷǴ˼»ȫڡ
ҹδһüͷʦ棬ǸХǣ
࣬һԪ
Ϊʲôֱӳ֣Ҫǳ֣һоͿɱҡ
ֵģ΢΢ҡͷܿϣǿԲɱ㣬ҲһΧɱ㣬ǿͬ硣һԻɱ㣬ǾɥʧϣοԪ֣
ΪѪмˡ
ҹδпһȻĿɨҲֵ𾴵ĵط
һٶɫӣǵԹޣԹߴǣ
ÿսֵµźͼʿġԭܼ򵥣ߴ֮໥ԮȣһΣߴǻԸ¡£ڵʵԽԽͣÿһʿҲ١
ЩʿԱߴڲϲߺߴϵţҲΪߴڵȻڵʵһҲڰһЩţ壬ɢ޽ꡣЩţɢޣһڷϲսʿ
ԣҲסǹԮġ˵
ףҹδصͷ
ҲҪ̫ģЦҲһȺĿնɱ㣬ֻҪǹӲҲòıĿꡣҲ̫κһȺɵ顣
Ϊ˸¡һ£忪սĵһص㸺ǲ²⣬սĿĺܾܿ㡣ڶ£Ǹ㣬ǹԮģҪ취Сģɱ˶Է£ҪעԼİȫǵĽҲδؾͲлߵԪͻȻ֡
νҲֻǿֵ󣡡
ף
һ⡣
һʱҹδ뿪ˣٵطԼĳǱ
ʲô춯ҹδʵ
ҡͷ֪ʲô㡣
ҹδƬ̣ټܵϵʿᡣ
ҹδųǱ´ȥһ·ü˼пʼţǺǰߴ׷ɱȫͬǸʱ򲻹ӣݣװİ硣ȴӲãﵲסĽҸ˵ӵжʿҲǶʿߴڲԮʮǱ֮
ˣԣԼ߱СĴȥøʤģܹ
Ӳƴǿ϶ˣں̵ܶʱƴġ
ڴλϣšüͷ˼һʿ½ҹδü˼ģԭһΪҹδһ˵أնɱʤϲɫȻںҹδ֮󣬸ֱһʿоյأֳ֮ɫ
Բˡ
ҹδɿüͷ̧ڰʾǸʩ֮󣬸Ͻת֪Ϊδ֮ڵջء
ΪĿɨڵһٶֳܵһ˿΢Ц
һʤҶˡ
жһɣҲ¶ЦݡҹδɴЦݵ
ҵõϢǱһʲô֪𣿡
˵ϴ󲿷ֶãȻģż˼
ܼ򵥵ģҹδɴЦݣֻЦЩ䣺ûƲĻοսĿģĿ֮һɱҹδ롣


643 
˵߬ϲȻɫǶ֪ζʲôζǽھŹطѹһΡЩˣܿܶսһǱźͼضʵò˶ͻ
ΪЩ˼Сźͼ壬ܵΪźͼ漶һûźͼ屻Χʵʴ֡
ҹδ뾲ؿǣ˼ʱ䣬ܹ֪Щ˵ߡߵòˣҹδٴοڵΪҪɱңҲƲ⣬ǵ˴ӱߴڰŵѾעһ𡣼սʤˣкܶûǾߴڻ𣿡
һٶʿоһݣҹδЦݱõģʵϣҲ֪ǾѾױߴˡߴڲ᲻֪жԹߴڸ֪սУսԡѪµꡣԣǺڣҹδûн꣬жҲԹޣҲԹޡߴڲҶģҲͲҽǡ
ܶ˶һ֮һ֮Ӧܹõ
һٶʿɫѿҹδȴڼ˵ǶߴڵΪҲӦ˽⡣ս֮󣬲Ƿ񻹻ţߴڱضܱߵźͼ壬ò˼꣬ǵźͼϾʹɽϱĨȥˡļǡ
кƣһڲŲϣʵӽŵԲվɫɬ
ҹʵԴǽӵ˵ص֪ͨĽǾѾ뵽ˣֻлһЩҵϣձһȷˡ
ɽķᣬߴڣҲںЩСźͼںһ˿ΣգҲɱҡԣҺͬ뷨Ӵ˿ǾѾͱһˡк﷢ģӱһսҲһ˿ԥֻһ󣬿ս½ܹ֮ɺǨڵΧ

һʿվ˺ɺͬ˼ֻɢܵһɢҪһϣԼܹڣΪڹѾ޷ٻýһͻơϣܹڣôй
ҹδͷٴ¶ЦݣǵҪҶԴӦЩҪ˵ǰͷҹδܲƭǡ
˵Щźͼ塣
ڵҲֻǽΧΧǧǧķΧڣѾûλøˡܲܽѾźͼߣҲڵĸûеô
˵ɫ㶼һ
ڳŵҹδᶨڽʿЩڵźͼ壬ЩطǽŻ߼塣ٳս֮ҲӦýһΧˡ
һٶʿͷʵҲûѡءڲϵţȴǹȥŷգߴڵĴǱѾڣڲؿǱߴߴҲֱ󣬲ǶԵȵźͼ岩ġ
ǡŵǨС
õģҹδֵս֮ǾǱӢۣڶʱڣߴûǡǸʱڻߵӭǣû˸Ǹʱǣߴڲܣǻֻʱ䲻᳤ս֮ǾͱǨ㡣
û⣡˷׷Ӧ
ҹδֽĿɢޣλѡһǼڡһڵİ£Լļ塣¶ǿǣս֮ٸҲ١
лɢ޴ϲ
ҹδЦʾȻôٵλϣǶܹʱڻӭǵĵ
мƻ
УҪǵİ
뱤һٶʿվҹδԵһƬ֮ɫ
ҹδֻͨһһٶʿշΪշһźͼ塣
Ҳ֪ǷƬƷǳãһƬƽԭտأֱǵĳǽ
ɫء
ԣҪһЩ鷳ӻǵĽҲܹǵ
ҵ뷨ǲ󡣡
۾һ
һһǰ裬֮ǰܹ٣Ͳ٣ܹܶ󷨣Ͳܶ󷨡ԣҪʦϣڽڣλͽԼŻ߼еʦѡȻʼڳǽ֮Ⲽ󡣡


644 չ
ؿǲ𣿡
ҪȥսˡǵǱʦ󡣡
ã
ҲܵҹδЦܹԻ壬巢ֵһЩǵʧҲһЩ
˵ҹδȡһ򣬿ʼһݡ˶ؿҹδ룬֪ҹδʲô취
ҹδ뵱Ҫڷڹ󣬶һȻڿ󷨡
ҹδķѾﵽͻƷٽ㣬ֻҪȵԶ򵽴ԲˮɵͻƷڵķѾﵽ㡣ÿһ˹ķÿһ㹹һ
һ㹹Ǿ󡣵ڶ㹹ħ󣬵㹹Ǿ󣬵Ĳ㹹ô󡣵ûй뷨״쫷ԥ
һ͵ѶϢô󣬸ÿ˵ϲһ
ôǽ˵ĲеϣһЧ
һӾϵĻþһеĻþ
ӾϵĻþûʿ·ͻȻһ磬Чͬ¥һ㣬ҪȺ¥̫֮࣬󣬿Ҳͬ¥е磬ȫһֻþʮֱĻþ
ЧܹﵽҹδҪʦЧ
ڶЧϵĻþý뵽ôеʿΪԼһˣΪԼһСĻûͨͨҰޡ
ҹδÿʿ׼ľôеλúĹ켣ҪЩ켣ߣͲ֮УԼʧ
ˣʿܹô͵Ϯʿռݺܴơ
ҹδ뽫һȥȻؽһ飬ֲʿҹδֽһ飬һʿ˷
ǾҪɱ¾壡ҹδΪҪʱ䣬ʦܲԣпܵ£еʱǻҪڵ壬ͳȥˣûʲôضͨЩʿĽһʿô̽顣
ܹȵǵʦȫϣٸݺݵһȥ̽ЩݴڸŻ߼ĵӣɢޡϣʱ񣬵죬ǽ塣
᲻ǽ
ʲᣡҹδҡͷȻǺӦǵȴʿսҪͻȻʿôף
ҪЭҲҪ飬ȻܹʼƲ⣬˵ˣһ¶δܹٴοս
ץʱ䣬һ±Ǹ׼ʱ䡣
˳뿪ˡҹδʲôϢʱ֪ͨңҾڡ
ǣ
Ҳ뿪ˣҹδֽŹرգȻͽ뵽֮ڡ
ûдεʱӡϣҹδնף˻ܹͬʱ塣
׺һҫĿ򣬱ϸͬ
еˮͰеϸӣȴʮܼܼУҹδشڷ϶֮Уο磬еĳ
ľˮ
ɫҹδΪģ䣬ƣ̣ն޽ΪСС۳󽣣ն¡
죡
죡
ͬ޼Ѱȴ
ܱ֣ȫ϶ǿһ˿һͣ٣ͬתͣһɡĻֻϸ飬ҹδ֮ͬһ㣬Ȼַ
ˡ
ҹδ뽣ʽһգ¶
䡭
Ӷļ£ҹδϡҹδȴͦ档

ҹδ뷢һХϵȻ۳Ѷȥ
ף
һ̣ҹδԴﵽ˴Բ磬ȻΪ绹أʵȴʵķԾ
ҹδڳָʵڵʹӦôﵽػ˰ɣ
ҹδ˵ĵػʹܣ֮ǰܹʹΪŰپʮÿһ˻ܡҲ˵ĵˣ൱ڱŰپʮŸ˻ʿΧܣһܵʿӦԵüΪѣæҡ
ҹδΪͻƵʹȻȻҲӦԾػȻûԹҹδƲˡ
󣬱ŰپʮŸ൱ڵػΧһܵҲӡ
϶ҧ


645 
˳ΪʹͷžŰپʮŸȻŵػܡһֱ仯ʵһʹѾһܵԲֵܹˣѾܹնɱ۷ˡ
ҹδͷΪǸոսأͷŵľŰپʮŸеĵҲǵػ۷ģΪÿһҲضΪԲͷųÿһҲضﵽػԲ˺ϻ֮Ͳһ۷ֵܹˣ۷Ҳδܹס
Ȼǲڵʵ͵ƣҲδؾͲɱһ۷壬ԲҲҪϵƾǼͲͬˡ
ΪķǳСͲòҹδ̾鱦ĺôͷģͷһƵʮ֮һ
͸ҹδİ̫ˣһַǳĵơ
һ£÷ǳСͷųŰپʮܣ¶ϻҲûֳһ־ӦԣҹδȴȫͷĹУͷԼƣһضҹδʵʵķԾ
ҹδ˼Լĵƣִ˳
ѾͻƵǿԴڸʹһֵ
ҹδĿһڴ
ֵʮʽҲܹͷųŰپʮʮʽ仯ܱ˵Ҳһ
ҹδ벻Ϊ⣬һҲ൱һƵ֮һҲ˰
ʮʽʹþŰپʮÿһܶﵽ컨ܡ
ҹδ۾̫
Űپʮ컨ܰǾ൱ھŰپʮŸ컨ʿһ

ȾŰپʮŸ컨һܻҪǿ̫࣬Ϊʮʽ仯ͬŰپʮŸ컨ʿսܣ۷Ҳܹɱ˰ɣԲҲҪֽæҡ
⻹ֻʹ֮ټҵơ
ҹδ
ھʹڸҡ
ã
һѶϢ͵ҹδʶУҹδϥ£ϸϸʮʽʹ
ա

ҹδӴ˳
ʿĶǿ죬һһҹ˲䣬Ѿеʦۼ˺öַʮʿҲȷԼӦôеλãסߵĹ켣
һߵҹδǰʩһЩ뱤
ŵݹҹδڰֵҾͲÿˡǲþͺãδҲǡ
ڵֳһ˿ΪѣǡҪΧ󷨣
һʿΪڻȡʱ䣬Ҳ˵Ըľ룬ڿȣǷĿȡ
ҹδĿһࣺҪٶȺܡȻΪ˵ֿ壬ԽԽȫٶȴҲҪ죬ΪҲ֪ǰܹΪڲضá
ףɫȻǲ߲ݣʱ䣬ǻὫﲼÿǰһž޴
ãҹδĴڵļȻĿʮʿȵ
ҹδͻǰһٶʮ˸ܵԼ£ķȥ
⡣
Ӫ
Ԫ治ڣȥԪȥˡɢػӪУһС
ˣ
ԪȻȫǴ֮ɫе嶼һĴ㵣ȫû뵽徹Ȼ뿪Ǳ
ಡ
һ˸߿գųǱķȥһʿ߷
սԪȡ
ҺؿʼսƵ
һΪ챻ҹδɱЩ£һΪͻȻɱ̫ǵ⡣ԣҲӭȥֻԭصȴĵ
ǡ
ǰʱͻȻͣȻҹδָ£Ųͬλȥ
Ԫ΢΢۾
ǡڲ󣿡
սʱ岼Ǿ顣Ҳ岼ʱԴʱ巴һѾγ˹أ岼󣬻岼һʱһǲŵģǾ¶ӡȷĴ򿪷ʽǣҵ㲼Ȼ
ҹδ뿴岢ûгɱҲһӴݵذһӶʿµλãȻ󻹼һ飬ȷû⣬žڵô


646 
ʵϣ嶼ЩԺ
ǲ
ʿվվһ˿󷨵ĺΰ
壬ʱ쿴ҹδչնʱǶ
ˡ
ڴʱǷһͼҹδüкϿ߿գȻڸ߿мٷŴԽԽ
գ
Ȼͼ·׹䡣
ˡ
ʿҰУĳɽ룬ɽԭɭ֣ƽԭǳ˲ɣڱǵҰһޣ䡣
úΰľ
ʿĿɿڴ
ڳǽϵЩʦʱҲһĿɿڴǸڷӦ˹һ˷ܣ
ʲô󣡡
Ӷߴľȫ˺ĳǱʦ˷ܵطԾʼԼļƻ
ҹδҲԼôзӣܼͶһſʯ
ﲻʲôĵطҹδʯάôͶһʱҹδ˵ϣϥߵ
ԶתҲҪţ֪ͨұá
ǣ֪ҹδҪʲôʵʵӦ
ҹδɲ˷ʱ䣬̱㿪ʼԼĹͷӡϡ
صҹδ۶˲ҹδڸʲôвɸӳݡ
ҹϻĴ󰡣
Ԫ룬ûʿô󣬵Ԫ뿪ʱ򣬶ֻҪ岻͵㰲˼ʿôʣµø
ڵھųǶӪڡ
Ԫһű潫ԼǱߵ˵һ飬Ȼ
ҵ˼ǣܵͻԪ۵ҵ򡣼йҹδ롣ȻҪʮʿ
˼ȫڵھŹص
ԣ
üڿһѿеĹͷĺڲݣºܴؼǣǶʱܹġ巢ʵ֪ǳ˱ڣǿʼҲͻ
һĬһֿ顭
һʮǱǰ
һĸо
УҲ
ҲʼŵôεȴڵʿܹĳһϥԲôĺ棬ʦȴæµһƬ
˴ҴʮգҹδϹͷӡ˵ʮ߿ͷʼӡʮ˿ͷ
ĻԪˣô󣬲΢΢üͷ˼Ƭ̣ǲһ֧˶ӣ뵽ô֮С
һٸʿ뵽ô֮󣬱ʧô֮Уʱţǽģǣ϶ԼһͨҰޣԼͨͬһֻҰһڴ
ʱҹδʿ׵ؽٸɥʧǵնɱȻҸԼ
Ԫ濪ʼϵɳʿ뵽ÿһεӣÿһʿΪҲӣǶͬӴ򹷣һȥء
վڴǰüͷ
ڷţѾɳܵʿ뵽֮УĲоЩܵʿδܹٳ
ҲûԽȥ
Ϊʲô
ȻǺ£
ڴУԼڴ¶һ˿ԼˣĿܡòԪôڲ˽Σյ£óȻ룿
תص˴ӪʱĴӪУѾλԪĸԪ˸ܵҴʱʮͽ߻ۡºܹ۽ʮʿǸʱ򣬾巢֮ʱ
һԪʵʲô
ҡҡͷƷܸߣⲿһ󣬵澿Ƿ̲ɱͲ֪ˡ
ΣһһʿȥȴûһǸ¶
Ȱɣ룺Ѿҵĵȥϼϼɺƣɺƿƻ󡣡
ҲԣǸɴͲҪʿˣ£ʿڴˣֱӹ
ã
սѾ죬ڷؽ塣ֻеһʮǱһƬҲõϢʮʿ߻ۣڽϾĿ顣
ĸ߲ƵĿᣬΪߴҪᣬԮĶңǵ죬ڻԪ˵ھųǡ
ߴڿھͳһûڡÿķȥڣĵطͻᱻ幥ݡԣڵķضΣԼ
µʱֹš


647 Ѷ
һա
ҹδ۾ӡʮɲֵĹͷ۷ֽһ
һʱ䣬ҹδӴ󷽳Щڲʦ
ĿһǸڵԣ
Ҫã
죬ٸ죬Ϳȫɡƣ˵
ܹﵽʲô̶ȣ
ֻһµǲٴǵɱҪƽǽûһʱ䣬ǻҪʮǣлʿļ룬Ԫļ룬ɱͺСˣҲܹ赲ꡣԪ룬ɱС¡
ҹδͷܶһͶһҸտʼʱ򣬱ضлԪ룬ҲвƵɱӵʱҲӳ
ǣվҪ԰
ҹδ³һڰʾȥæֻأʼղԽԽ
ֹȥգһʿվڳǽϣ·ȥ·ʦĳɫһ㣬Ŀɨӣ˸ֶڿŲҹδ룬αӳǽԾҹδȥ
˿Ǹʿȴûټעս֮У֮ǷΪʱʱ±˴˵ĳˣҲἫΪƣΪʱսŹͬĵˡǵǸʿֱҹδȥʱ򣬻˲ʿĽ䱸رĿǸʿ
ҹδ뿴ǸʿһۣȻЦˣڰ֣ӭǸʿȻǸʿݺİҹδܹ֪Ϣ

ҹδȻ뵽ôУ磬ǴĶôıò
ȥǱˡɫǡ
ȥǱߣҹδ뾪ȵ´û°ɣ
û£Ҳ֪ϣϢڱҵϢٸıһһʿ׻ȥġǵ¡
ʲô¶ҹδʵֻѾŲʵЩӣоЩ
̾ϢһҾǲ㣬ǱȥһڱⷽʵǺܲҪõϢʣƽʱ۾֪ˡ
߼˺ܶԪԪܵټʮҵʿ׼һٽߵȫɵ㣬ڵĻԪԪͻ
֪ϸ˵һ飬ҹδɫֱòľˡ
뿪֮ҹδ˼һʱȥ˸ڵĳǱϸ˵һ飬Ҳüͷֽ죬Һͳҹδ˵һ飬ҶĬ
޽⣡
˵õĽۡ
Ҫ˻λ
Ϳǳλڻܹȥ𣿡
жһݡձøء
죬̾Ϣδ룬ͲӦ
ҹδҲ¶˿Ц
ǰ
ԼҲͲ˾档˭ܹ뵽սĿľȻԼȻˣͲܻȥˣߴҲ
죬ҹδ뻺ڵʦ棬ǲҲڵھŹأͲƴ
˵ʲôüͷ
裬ֻǼ衣
һۣȻ˼Ƭ̺󣺡Ӧˣй涨ģ˾Ͳ˳
ҹδɫüᶨҾȥĺ󷽡֪ȥǵĺ󷽣ߵΣҲͽˡ
ĵصߵΣǽˣҲˡȻôֺαܵĺ󷽣ǽ֮ǰսˡ
֣Ҳǳ
ҹδɫ˫һ̯絥ԣ˺սûѡ񣬶ҽضֻһǾûɣ
˵ΣҲòͷ
ǣǱ󷽣δػⷽ棬Һо顣
ƨö˴ֿڣΪһֱǵĸ߹Ҳսսϣǰڳһ߹ģ˱塣ҪǱ󷽣˵Ԫȥ׷ɱ㣬Σɳȥ׷ɱ㣬ܹġڵʵù
󷽣Χ壬彮ܵĺ󷽣ԵС
˵ȥ󷽣ǸʱǱСȥ󷽣λǱУʧȥЧضҪһ£֪ҹδ󷽸飬ܹ壬ڵжΪҲֻɱ㣬̫ƴĻҲܴ
ˣһ£㽫ʲôľ棿
δػһ


648 
ҹδĬȻƬ̣εͷҲǣ
ҹδҴۣȻԼ͵͵Ǳ塣
ᣡҹδҡͷǹһˣȥ⣬¹ʮʿһȥˣ
ͺʲô𣿡
˵Ҳǣ룬ε״֮ǰҹδ״ȷʵͬɫһȻȥǿƵķչƶƻ
ã
ҹδصԼĳǱֹ˼죬еĴ󶼲ϣҹδеʿص˳ڣôڱΣû˿֡ˣڴ֮ڣֻʣҹδΪԼҹδϥôӡӡ
Σҹδ붼ʵʵû뿪һȴ£оҹδβǱ壬Ͼμ縺ŵΣҲʮˣҹδĴʱʼ١
µʱְжȹҹδѾʼӡɵʮͷϵĵϡ
ѣ۾
̫󣬵涼ڲͬһ㡣
忪ʼжˣ
ҹδŴȥʮҵʿ߼ʡҹδ뻹֪Щ֮УڻԪԪͻ
ҹδվȻȥɡ
ǣ
뿪˴ųǽǱ߷ȥҹδ뾲ڴڣһӶʿ뵽֮С
ûǾİ취ʮʿƽ뵽֮УҲܹűˡ
ҰķҹδҲһ㣬̶̾Ϣһ
ʿһ𣬱ضӰôжӰ죬ûӰ죬ֻӾϵĻþôܽһ붼ֹĻᱻķʽȥ
Ҳֻ̫࣬ʮҹδôҲӦԣʮʿ̫ˡ
ҲҹδƽһμķҲܺ棬ҲҪ󾿾һʲô̺ͽ
ǲͬһ㣬һʮ᣿
ʮʿֳŸָı̤˴󣬿ڵĻþЩӦñ˵֪ԼлԪԲңֱǰ
ҹδ΢΢ҡͷһ֮䣬ôͷ˱仯
ôǱֱǰУ
ƺҲõǰʲôƣƽҲãɽҲգֱֻܱǰС
ЩʿֱǰеģҹδǲɷǿʲôǱֱʲôȦǻô
ʵϣЩԼڱֱǰУȴѾʼȦҹδ֪ʮʿ̫ˣʮ嶼ᷢӵµ죬ᱻ巢ߵòֱߡôֻлܣûɱ
ҹδٶôУûʿЩʿ˹ȥ飬ɱЩʿغЩûʿһ
սıʿľⷢ˱仯֮ǰǰľᶨеʿʼܵôϮľ¶ԵʿʿģԵʿ˷ؽڷɿӣӵʱ䣬ѾҪҹδûʿˣ󲿷ʿӱ˴Ϊʿؿɱ
վڴ֮⣬͸ôǻԪʿΪ޹ءտʼʱ򻹺ãȴսһɫǴ䡣
Ϊ洫УܹײĺʿĺͲҽƫƫû
ˡ
ʶǿеسôʶǿгô˲䣬֮еҹδ͸оˣƵôĹ켣ϵر仯Դ赲ʶȻʶǿ󣬵ҹδȴʶֻཻƶ赼Աʶôƺڿٵǰ̽ȴôȦӣȫڵʵ
ɫʮһȡ˷ɺơǴӲϼģԭã֪κι켣סĽһվҪ÷ɺơ
ཫɺŴϿһӣǷɺƱôϿգȻϼ⣬ͬһ㡣
ҹδоһݣЩ廹ûʲôоڱ˴ɱΪߣֻ˲͸оɺƶôӰ죬²һӵʱ䣬ôͻڷɺƵӰ£ȫʧȥЧ
ҹδҡҡͷηɿźȥȻ˳ǽ֮ϡĿôķ


649 󵨵ļƻ
һӺ
ôɢǽϵʿжһЩɫҲʮѿĿֻһɨֻô̵ʱ䣬ʿ⻹ûǽıߡ
ʱҲԼһУɺģķ򷢳һХʮʿطХųǽ纣һӿ
Ȼ󡭡
˴󡣶ڵĴɲǻˣʲôɱȵȣӦоУ忪ʼ
ԪʱΣսĹУԪʿҲֻԷԷԪֻ֣ڼ˵£Ż֡ΪԪһ֣ǾԤʾžսսĲһӾͰθˡ
ǸʱսʤѾЩʿˣûԪʿʤҲһԪܻ߱Ǳɽء
ս̫λԪʼûгֻ֣ɻԪһµʿ໥ɱԶʤܲսŸոտʼԪͳಲɣ
֮ǰֻ÷ɺƣʵϲ֣ҲԪֻ֣һԪ˴УǶ˵Ҳһشʧ
ˣҲֻõͽ׵ˡ
һ嶼ֳԭΣֳԭε嶼ʮ־޴󣬿ʼŴֱײֱͨҪŴкְ취ڱ취ڱ󡣵һЧİ취Ȼ˴Ǵȴһرƣһһı
ҹδվڳǽϣŴıҲһ£Ѿּ˵ĲҪı취ЩҲʹԼܹ֧ĸµʱ䡣
ĸº󡭡
ҹδ۾ǰ·ʿ¾ĳ档
ߴڲԮڵס
ڸоڵıҲΪʲô˥ܵȫ̼Ԫ֧ţԪһµĵԪܵûмϲ㡣ôġ
ﱻȥһ
ҹδӳǽҵԼΪߵһԲΤϵʿص˴֮ڣ֮ŽաȻȻ
Τʦ֣ľο
ΤɫʮֲÿߴڲԮ߱ضơΪߵҲȴŵԪͻȻǻлԪǰľ飬ԪǲֵġǵеĴ֮󣬵Ԫһֵġ
ʲô
ĵס
ĵԪͻһ֣֮䣬ͻὫ¾һա
ҹδһۣھԮҲûôĻԪˣ¶棬ԤʾţĵԪͻ١һԮȣڸʮǱ»ᱻ㶼¾һա
ߴڻԮ𣿡ҹδʵ
ᣡΤϸɴҡͷֲǵһηÿһߴڶԮǵȵڱɱ¾һգŻǰسǱ塣
ԭҲ֪
ţҹδͷһԵһߣ嵱ʮأΪڧʧȥ˾ŹءߴڻҪʧȥŹأױɱ𣿡
ΤңǾ
Բǡ
Τϰڰ֣Ҳû˵ȤʵҲ֪˵ʲôÿ뵽ԼӣбߴŨŨԹޣҲһԹҲûСҲ֪ڵԹûɣҲͲԸ˵ʲô
㿴ˣҹδʵ
Τ̧ͷҹδһۣƤһ˿ҹδʧͲм
ҹδţٶǿ죬Ҳվ̫ᣬʱӦѾˡ
ǡ

Ҳⲻ
¶˵ֻǵͷ
ҹδתͷҲôΪ
ΤϲͬжҹδǳݵĽȫ뵽ҹδẦ£۾һ
ҹϣа취
ΤҲһ̧εҹδ롣
ҹδ뿴ûа취أ
ɫһ˫һǾֻˡʱɱˡ
ҹδ³һ˵ôһˣ
ΤϺҹδһۣصͷ
Ȼǲǿѡķʽ
ķʽ
ΤϺһ㡣
ǰķʽҹδĿɨΤϣҪΤϡ
ңϣôϣ
׼ȥĺ󷽡
ΤϺһ£Ȼˡ
̫Σˡ
ҹδЦַʲôΣպ̫Σգ
ǡͣȴ֪˵ʲô


650 
Τϵ¶˾֮ɫﻹаҹδĲмֻо塣
һȥҲҹδɫһҹⱩ¶֮׷ɱСһ׷ɱѡǲĸֻҪڹУֵԽ󣬶ԽҲֵ̫ʱߵҲͳȥˣר׷ɱҡ
˵ΤϵΤʦ֣Ϊߣ󣬾Ҳḻһβμսˡԣ뿪֮󣬷һжҪ⡣⣬ڣʮҪʮʿ֮䡣Τʦ֣Ͻ𣿡
ΤֻԼѪڣصͷܣ󲻹һ
ãҹδҲֳ֮ɫתͷ
һ㵣̵ҹϣ㲻ܡ
ҹδֹ̧סҲҲǵҲͬԲԣ
ѵͷ
ҹδǣҺܲϰߵⲻԸ񣬱һ֣ҲҪһĶ
ľΤϣ뿪Ϣһʦ֪Ҿ߲ˣһҲڵϢǰ¶ʿлңΪˣȵǱŪƣҲνˡ
ԣʱ䣬һԱչΪڣұչصĵطһֱڴſΪһÿΤʲôװģһΪǴõȶġ
ʱ䲻ܳ
ҹһ£ҪƳеĴҪĸµʱ䣬ҲᵽǱߣ̾ͱ¶ԼĻ̫ܿͻ׷ҡ̫Կԣһһµʱ䣬뵽壬ȻٿʼϮ塣
ʱڣҲʲôΣգ嶼ߣֵӦöҵĶ֡¾һ岿䣬ÿιһЩӳȥҪԼһµʱ䣬ߵܹҺɨǴ󷽵Ϣ
ǲض׷ɱҡ
Ѿȥ£׷ңǵԪҲҪʮʱ䣬һʱܳͿභˡ
ҵϢǱߴ֮ǰһҪסϢ𣿡
ҡ
ҹδᶨջصͷ
еʿ֪ҹδչˣҲû̫⡣ΪĸǲҪҹδֵģҶڳͷϿ񡣸кܶʿҹδѧһҲչأϣܹĸºΪɱ塣
ҹ
һƬž
Ҳֹͣ˹صӪϢ
һȻУҹδʹڣ߳һ󣬴ҹδ빪ʩ
أ
ҹδͷα˵£жеڵķС
ಡ
ҹδӵ´˳ͷһԶӵӪһ㣬ȥ
һ·ϣ壬ҲжضȥȻԷİŵУһ߷ɣһİ塣
һ졣
졣
졣

ҹδԷİ嵹ԽԽ̣رƽԲ硣
һº
ҹδվһɽϣŲԶһ岿䣬ȴܹûʲô֡
ҹδ뾫ڵ״Ȼһ
Զ̧ͷȻǵֳ˾֮ɫиֶһŮӣɣγһ޴ͼͬݺύֵķΧڼٵ
壡
壡
ɱ
ɱ
һֳԭΣſеҹδ˹
䡭
бȻһִһϣɵ߿е½һŵ׹䣬ûϢ
䡭
ܼϵغ嵹˵ϣſζ
̶ӣҹδͣɢȥ״󣬵ͷ·ȥ·ʣʮ壬ʱηſ˵ϡ
ҹδ뽫Ŀƿָ罣һͱϿһ֣
ҹδ뵽һΣ
Ȼ˲Ĳرǰƿ˲ر⣬жӲرڳǼʮѾˣ¶һ˿Цݣȥ
ӣҹδĽݺᣬһһ岿䱻ҹδ¾ͬʱҲһһر⡣
ҹδһ飬ӵھŹطһ£ķУЩʿɲŷͨһ壬Ҳûҹδ졣ԣھŹصõҹδ彮Ĵɱ¾ʱ򣬾ҹδ뿪ʱѾȥ»࣬ǽѾܽˣֻʣ²ĴҪƳ


651 
ʱõҹδ彮ɱķϢһӾסˣ̶ŭ֪ôõʱ䣬ҹδѾɨʮ岿䣬˵ɨٸ
Ҵʱһָоҹδʵ
򣬲һ˾͸뵽ء
һԪţô죿
ţüͷɱҹδ룬ǰѸҲɱˣҽߵʿ⣬Ϊҹδ룬ϣûҲߴ˺ǻҹδɳǸʱǺߴ˵ʱˣǵĿĲܴﵽ
ʿףɱȴѣϾԷҲһƻԪұκһʵǿһЩһƼˣסеһԱҲûпܡڵĻԪֲûôɹ
ǾͰ֮ǰĳ̶ȹǷһµʿȥϵʿʱ룬ʿȥ׷ɱҹδ롣һе׷ɱҹδǱߵϢ˵
ʲôΪʿɶ٣
ҹδŶԽ뵽彮ǻǶһɣߴڵĴҾһԪʮȥΣ
Ӧÿˡ
ҹδһ岿䣬չ˲ر⣬˵һεּϢһץռһЩʬϵϢս˷ڵĵ㣬÷ã뿪
ķ㣬һٶһٶϢⶼҹδԼ׼ֶΡ
ܿ죬ҹδͣڰ֮ϣ·ȥ·һ岿䣬俴ֻмٸģ
Ѿȥĸ£ҹδо׷ɱԼ쵽ˣҲ׷ɱԼʲô磬ﻹðգ
һԪԼ͵űɱɡ
۲һˡ
Ҫ۲죬϶ɽˣҪ֮СԺлһɱ¾Ǹ䡣
ǡ
һ̫ˣЩȫҹδȥ
һ
ҹδԶԶһ䣬Ҳһ¹岿䣬мٸ¹壬֪һ£ΪߵҲֻһֻܵǸ֪ȷ׼ȷֻǴԼܵڵģ
еѾȫΣûʲôеľȫѾԶֻͷСС¹ǣಿλûʲô𡣻еĻһ룬¹壬ϰ˵壬ûлεģ¹ģ
ҹδ룬ԼĴָѰңչһٶĲر⣬̫ˡһţǣָ罣ţǼĲλָֻиС¹ǣͷϣȻͷƤ䶯Сţǵĸ棬˾ûȫΣСţһ㡣
иıһò㿪һߣҵ˰ţŷһߣй¶˿˿ɢôôһţʿ
¹һӱߣҹδг¹岿ȥЩ¹ҹδ룬˻ң䱸ҹδ롣
ҹδҲʵ¶һ˿źͽ䱸ͣ˫˶š죬һǰһʵ
˺θɣ
ҹδֳ˱ߺͰˣҵĲ䱻ɱˡ

ǸɫһЩ¹ҲűֶڲҹδɱôãϢûдھŹӪ֮ǰѾߴˣе嶼֪һҹδ룬Ѿ˹岿䡣ǸҪʵ
ǡǸҹδ룿
ţҹδͷ
㡭ôģʮ¹Χ˹
ҹδú
ǲǳ

ҹδҡͷûмҹδ룬Ϊ뿪˲䣬һصʱ򣬷ֲѾΪһƬ棬ֻڲһͱϣһ֣ҹδ뵽һΣҾˡ
ߣҴȥϡ
ܿ죬ҹδͱһô£һܵʿҹδ뽲
Ĳںεأ
ȥ
ϵͷֳɬﰡǸҹδ˵ҲͺҲΣˡ
ϣô죿
ϣԶطǨɣ
һ¹ߴߴϰڰ֣¹żžҹδ
峤أ
Ǹһ۳ϣȻȥǱߴˡ
ҹδͷҲͲ¹ܹͺã¹岻ߣڴ˵أ¹Ǩ㣬͸ߣ¹֮СѾżˣҲòֳ󶯾ֻҪҲؾܹǱߵѹ


652 
ʡһŮһ¹ǰϡ
λСȥаɡ
ǣϣʩȻҹδ㣬ɡ
ҹδųʩлȻŶŲԶһɽȥ߽ɽȣ㿴ɽȺܴ澹Ȼľͷһ׵ķӣʽҹδһǰ
סɡԭסĵطǰˡ
ˣ
ţʴҹδ߽ӣһߺҹδһʰһ˵ǰȣǰ⣬ǲܽȡ
ҹδͷΪ⣬ô岿䣬Ȼ֪Ųر⣬ƺȾǲرڡصģȻ¡Ǳ߶ֵ
ǴǲǨģǵأǨ㣿ǱһǴĲ䣬壬ǵ峤үҲȥǱߴ̡ǵĳϡ˵ˣЩһֱڱǣС
ҹδ뾪ȵڲǺ忪ս֮ộ
̾Ϣһ֮ԭ໥ųޣ֮ĴʱҲûʲô֡
ҹδͷ˼廹ҡ忪սʱ򣬱г˫ҲΪƣֻıֶοӶԷȴҲû˺ߣǰڴֱ̣˺
Ҳ
ҹδ¹嶨ҹԼķĥţԼܵøԼѰһ¡
Լ壬ţܼܲԼ֮ǰĵԼĵ̫ۣᱻϳ
ţһ㶼ʹʲôţ
ǸӺ䵶
ҹδڴѰһдĶѹĸֱѡһ䵶䵶ǵǴһţ岿ĲرչãƷܸߡ䵶ȡ˳˫Уն˼£ò֡
һ䵶һĴУȻĥŹ䵶ĵ
ȵѡһԡ
뵱¾ǸţĹУЩţͷŵĵƺˮԣ˼ԡ
Ӧһˮţɣ
Լѡˮ԰ɡ
ǵأ
˷ţرеջ񣬵ûҵڵĴУ룬ӦѪУûǰֵͨĴСҲУӦִ䣬ţֲĲ䡣
Լô죿
ͻȻʱԼõĵ㺮
ȻǲǵҲá
䲻ڣ϶û÷ǿ󣬵ԼҲֻΪӦݡǱʼ㺮ҳ䵶֮С
ҹδΪ;磬㺮Σǿ϶ҪΪõʱ䣬ֻ似ǸΣ˵ͼΪˡ
һ
ҹδͶ¹壬ÿҲһӡϣ̫Ʊػ¹Ļɡ㽫ʱ;㺮ϡ
һչȥüΪƽ
ҲŶǳȥժҩʹȡ
һա
ҹδͶʼվںˮץ㣬˳źӰʮ壬ɫһץ㶼ҪˣҹδܣȴѾˣʮ׷ϸΧˡһ´Ŷʣ
ʣ¹û
ʺüԣȴĬȻ
ҹδ´ŶԷʮϿӦþǶʿԵ塣
ӴﻹһֻСţоҹδĿ⣬
ʱһЦôǶץȥ˾ǡᣬۡ
䣬һŶʳ˹
Ҳ̣׼ʺһͻΧ
ʹŴŲķȥȴסֻһ棬·磬Ͳ࣬ʵҲ࣬ʿࡣ
ʮʿЦųɱ
¹Ԯ
ͷСţ
һҹδ˹ҹδ˫䵶һԾԾԣǸˡһ˴ǹҹδʹ˹Ȼ۾һΣԴͱҹδ뿳
ৡ
ûеʿӦҹδֿԴǸΪ׵궼һ£ŭҹδ˹ҹδѹž磬۽;ҲһͰǸԴһЩʿҹδͬһɱǣһɢԶȥôʱ䣬ɱĸʿٲܣűɱ
ˡʴ
ϣ
ҹδ뽫е˫˳ȥͬʱаԵͷʷӦܿ졣Щʿˣܻܿ鷳Ȼɱеʿδؾû鷳ܻЩдʡ


653 ¹
䵶ڿдݺᣬ֮䣬ͽеʿնɱ
죬ɨս
ʺȵ¹ʿͷɿȥʬսһŵڵϵıյһɶ÷ˮϵѪճˢһɶֽ
ţţǿߣҹδ뻽
ҹδŶʱ¹岿ķӶȥһ߱һߵ
ţţлл
ҲԱ
ţţ
ҹδҡҡͷǺһ𣿡
ǰҲͣԥһ£ƺ˾һ㣺صĺȣһ¹
¹
ţΪĹʵС¹ģԽ¹¹һǧŽһι¹ݡҪõ¹ſʼ¹塣
Ǹ¹ʲôôŶͲ˵ˡ
룬ȥͳ
ҹδͷ˻ص¹أҹδͶʸǣ㷵Լľݣж¹ûʲô죬ȴôûпʼץԼ
ѵģԼҪƳǱ
Ŀ겻ԼԼˣ
ԼûôҪ
ҹδ벻ɿЦԼˣһǰ׷ѹ򣬲֪ʦǾΣ
ⲻ˼ţԼǲӦûȥ
˲ͰȥͷԼظϣûκôģʱʦǱѾˡҾԼˣҲԼܣسϱضŴѲ飬ԼһĨڣûκϢäĿظϣ̫Σա
̾Ϣһϥڴϣһûʲô¶ɣԼջһ·æ¾壬ҲֻǽÿĲرⵥһѣָУУвٷڷڣûطࡣ£лЩ꣬㿪ʼ
ѡʯۣܳ÷ڷڣػӷʯڵľڵĴ̫ˣѹһٶĲر⣬˽
ѡõģԭܹջһЩƷʯȴûзһ顣ƷƷƷʯΪջҹδδô¾岿ҲһģûС䣬ҲͲ䣬д䡣ԣƷʯһٶڿ飬ƷʯٶڣƷʯǧڡҹδоԼϾЩʯҲɵˡ
Щװһ˷ĲڣȻʼֿʯΪ˵ʯ١ҲΪʯ٣ǼϡĿʯܹƷĿʯֿʯҹδ붼ʶȴܹǺöЩʯԷŽһУҹδоԼڵ۶ڵĳˡ
ſʼҩҩġʱ˽Ųҹδʰһ£˳ȥԼĴҹδ߳
ţţҪ㡣
ҹδͷŶٴ˳ϵķ䡣֮󣬳ҹδ
лл
ҹδҡͷأ񶨾¹壬ҲҼңӦġ
ϵһ˿ͣ
վ߳˴ţҹδͶʸҹδĿһߵķӦǺȡȻ¹ν¹ûʲô죬ҲЩ档
ǰȺͺ֮һɽڵͨɽһ˽룬һ˳㿴һܴɽȣҲûҹδúܸߺܸߵִ
ڵ¹ʿΪҪ߳࣬Ҳҹδ棬һЩĹ졣ҹδ룬Ȼһ˿֣ҲҹδкҹδҲһһӦ
ųһֱǰߣ߽һƬ֣վһô¡
ôߣҲͼʮ׸ߵӣҹδ뾪ǣǿôϹȻһֹʵǹʵӾһֻֻС¹ΩΩФֻаƴСҹδ˵㣬ֻоŸ
¹
ָǾŸ¹ڻһСɫģȵ߲ʵģͳˡ
ҹδ벻ɸп֮治а
ֳ֮ɫ¹ǧųһΣһ¹Ͼܹһʿϵʷ
ҹδͷĿȴû˿
¹ĹЧǺ죬Ƕ˵Ѿûôˡһֱҹδ룬ȴҹδû˿̰֮ɫ֮࣬Ųʣ·Լұ˿һ㣺
㻹ףʿ֮֮ͨܵǰſʼʷ¹ЧȴʱڡһոտʼʿֻǿֻҪʳһ¹ܹʷ֮塣


654 ȿ
һ£ҹδ붯ˡ
һʿ֮ʼܹһʷ֮壬ٶȱض졣ֱ
뵽ôԼҲЧˣƽ
Ϊ¹Ŷ¹⡣
ҹδĬȻֱ϶İ˵ʵҹδ붼ˣǲǵ¹ˣȻ¹壬ſ¹ժߡֻ׷ӦѰԼŰסͷ
л˶ǡϿҹδһ˲ĶҲ˲ƽҹδоȻһ˿־壬֪ҹδľߣǳǸһµ
¹ÿ峿Ҷϻ¶ˮ¶ˮʷҲһĹЧÿ¹嶼ռ¶ˮ
ȡһƴƿݸҹδ͸㵱Ϊлɡ
ҾͲˣҹδӹ
תתȻصȣ˫ǡҹδصԼķ䣬ȡǸƿһڣоһ£ȷʵЧҪʷЧ˺ܶ࣬ȴûʹ࣬һǱĬʷһϽҪǿˡ
һ룬ҲͻȻʷĹʹ࣬Ǹոտʼô̵ס
Ǻö
ҹδȻʼԼջ
ҩ̫ˣҹδ뷢˺ܶ༫ĲҩͲʹ䣬֮ǰԼɨЩСʱ򣬸ûʲôĲҩ
Щлǲҩҹδһһֱ棬ȻűղϲޣӦֻˡҼЩҹδ붼Լ۸ŵˡ
Ѿҹδ벻ɸ̾ԼĲҩ̫ˣȻķԼһһϵʱ㡣
ϴһ£˳ȥɽȿڵķ򻺲УеΪҲûлû׷ɱԼϢҲ޷ƶԼһж
ţ
ɽȿ棬żʿӰȻҲ˲ԶĶʣ˹ȥ
ʲôʱģ
һˡʵϴǡ
ҹδ뿴ļʿ׺ҡͷǻҪ׼ҪֳһЩ¹壬Ǿͺ̸У̸л֪Ǿ̰׼ͬ⣬ǾͲȿսȵܱ˵ᱻ彫¾һա

ҹδ뿴ŵŶʣҡͷҹ˲ˡѾ¹ľġ
ǵǲ¹塣ϵҹδͷȥ˹ǣ
㲻֪¹νġʵ¹Ҫ¹ʿĹѪġ
¹ĹѪҹδɫһ䡣
ԣţţСѲҪ¡ȻǻŵʱùѪ֮¹ÿһʿ󣬶Ҫ¹£һѪ¹գŻ¹㲻֪ںܾúܾǰ¹¹ܹʿʷģΪ¹ǸʱŻʿʿ£ܹʹʷ¹Ǹʱ¹ǧһ¹ԽԽ峤ҲֻԾͱһǧһֻܹʹʿʷ
˵¹벻¹壬岻Ὣ壬ĻԺͲ¹ˣǻὫȦǳΪ¹֡
⡭ҹδһ㣺Ͳս峤ƴ
ҡҡͷǿ󣬾峤иֻҲ򲻹塣ȻǸʱҲȦǣֻǻص֮ǰ״̬ѡ¹Ѿõˣõ¹Ǳһǧˡ
ҹδ벻Ϊ¹屯
ǿΪ𣬵뻹ҪЩӣ壬Ҫ塣ȴǳĴַ
ʱ򣬱Ǽʿ˹һʿֵ˵
ǽȥ¹Ҫó죿
¹峤ûй˼ɣȴֲҶ֣ǸʿΪʵȳϲˣȴʮ㣬б۾¹峤ϣ
û
Ȼҹδ룺ӴﻹһͷСţ翴ˣȥø
ҹδˮֻԼҪԼǿŶ档Ǹ˼ˣҹδ˹
Ӵˡ
飡
ҹδǿɱ⣬һ˹ȥǸûüӦ͵˳ȥʮףſڵϺߺˡ
Ҷ֣
ʣµļһͰҹδΧ롣


655 д
ǡ̧еȣȴҹδֹ̧סϣˡ
顭
Ͼ¹أҹδ뻹סɱ⣬λζ䣬ǼУҹδͷ·ȣȻǾ͵˳ȥſ˵ϡ
¹峤һҹδǼʿɱˣǻ˹֡
ǼʿڴӵһҹδĿ⣬п־壬Թޣţһȥһߺ
ǵţ彫Ƕˡ
ϵɫأʵɫſ־壬ҹδ¹峤ϣ
ϣ㾿ôģսɱ⣬ϲȥܹϣҲϵ¹졣
֪
ҹδţ±ȥ¹뱣סˡǱȦֻҪ峤һжı䡣ûһ峤زأ
ɫһ䣬ǲ֪ܣֻǲԸȥ롣ɫҰ
ǡ죿
ҹδҡҡͷ¹飬޹أԼǱͺˣٲɽȥ¹һȺ󣬳Ҳ֪ⲻҹδκ飬˼ƾʲôκ
ҹδصԼķ䣬Լջ񣬳ʯʯҩ֮⣬ŴҪ֪ЩǳĴַ򣬶ҲвҩЩҩ
֮侭ҪľȻվ󲿷ֶ޵
ʿ˵Ҳһö
Բһٶ岿չޣٷԣƷ׷ֱźãҹδЦݣڵļ̳ˣڵļҵ׺ԼջѾھųˡ
ڵļҵĺߴڱ̫࣬¶ߴеκһŵİٷ֮һⶼǧߴڷĽ
ûе̣
У
кܶʥء
ԵʥأȣȵȣԵʥضУÿһԵʿȥһǿĸʿٶȴΪʿżǿĸ
Ǵŵĵ̣Щܹȵġ
ǣЩʥػ϶ͣˣķˡ
Ϊʲô
ΪЩʥҪԴʮϡ˵ɣҪֻ취һʯһ
ʯ˵ҲҰؼҪڱľ棬ܹռ٣
汲ʯĹˣȻͽʥͣˡҹδϲŴвٵʯλȥܹЩʥˡ
ϲ̵ؽЩպã㿪ʼָıЩǺʺʿΪ̵ֵ̲ţž󷨵ģǿԽȻٸʿʹõġڿϣȫҲܹȥִſϣЩСźͼ壬дɢ޾ԿϡЩˣҹδоԼѾ˺һļҵˡ
֮һЩӰ˵ģҹδڼУ׼Żȥ֮̽ЩӰ˵Ķʲô
ա
ҹδڷ洫ɱҹδŶһѾɽȿڣЩʿں¹ʿʿҲǿ󣬵ȴʮ׺¹ʿȴ˵Էţȫ·磬¹峤ϸһľվɽȿڣһܵʿۡ
ҹδһЩԴд󶯣ͽ壬ǵĲر⡣
¾壬ҹδû˿˵ʵ¾¹壬Ҳû˿ֲǷ¹ʲôǰ¹弸Ρο¹峤ҲǱɱòã
ǻ᲻ᱩ¶Լ٣
룬ȻΣգҲô󣬱ϾԼ¹Ҳһʱ䣬Լ¹ֿ壬
û⣡
δؾͻɣ
岿֮侭ɱӦòʲô¶
˾ҹδʮֹϣԭһϵˣһƮͳ˹ȥһ䵶ն˹ȥûк͵Ϯһ

͵Ϯ͵Ϯˣ
彲ʲô壿
Ǹں¹峤໥áܵûзӦͱҹδ䵶пԴˣ
Щڹȿɱɫһ㣬Ȼؾˡ
ҹδ룬Ҳûȥ׷Ͳһ֮ܵ󣬻᲻
˵


656 
ɽȿڼž¹ʿ͵ؿҹδ룬죬¹峤϶߶µ˵
㡭ɱˡ
ɱ˾ɱˣҹδ뵭˵ȻǰǸܵĴָͿ֣Ѿ˵ˣȥһȦķݶ˭֪峤ܻܲŴǱ߻
زǵӻ޷ܵġΪ˻¹˵ɱеļ¡һǣǾͳԣǾʹ˯Ǿ˯̵ˣ
ոЩӴѹ¹ʿдˣһź
̲ˣ
ҹδ벻мƲƲ죺̣ھߡ̲ˣÿս׼ɡ
ǡ¹峤һ̲ˣǴ򲻹
̲˾ͺã½ҰɣҲҶʱı𡣡
㡭¹峤ɫһ㣬̶̽ʵ㡭ʲôΪ
ҹδڰ֣ûлشϥɽȿԵһʯϡ¹峤Ϻһ¹ʿۼɽȿڣһϥʯϵҹδ룬һɽȿܵʬ壬һּΪؿصķ
ԼһʱһٶʿԶԶӶھɽȿڰ֮ȴվסˣûֱĿⶼԴͲӷּҵܵʬϣǸʬһѪܵʵǸϥʯϵţǡ
ɽȿھ¹ʿܹս¹ʿˣ¹峤Ҳˣڲ̵̲ˡҹδһܵɱˣֵʿܵҲ¹ԭΪ¹ֻܵһ屻ҹδɱһܵǻⲻ˵ĳޣҹδˣ¹ľͱˡǻҹδƣƴһ
ֻҲŨŨĲҹδΪʲôҪô¹壿
ֻΪݣ
˵ͨģ
ҲΪ¹ɣ
¹峤ϺܾᣬҲҲʣ͸ɴƽȶɹһ˵ɡʱһٶʿˣ¹ʿгţɽĿⶼ˱ǣϥʯϵҹδ롣
ҹδϥʯϣ䵶ͺԼ˫ϥ֮ϣ΢΢̧һٶʿ
ʿҲʱǼߵʿվһ꼶ʿԣҹδָָ㣬˵ʲô
ҹδôŶʿǸܵ΢΢۾ҹδ
ϣ
ҹδȻץ䵶һУھɽȿʮ״ĵϻһֱߡ

ʱھ¹֮⣬һӣһ壬塣
峤ҲиǰǱߣҲֻܵһΪߵˡ
صĳʵǿܵڵΪؼڷŶʵϣеÿʿڷŶźǿӰ
ʱܴ߳飬Ҳ¹
ߵܣ¹¹Ҫ˰ɣ
ţҲˡ˵¹壬¹ڱصá
壿ڱصãƲƲƾǣ
ϣ˼ǣ
¹ڱصá
ǡʲôʱ֣ھȥǵ¹ܾ֮󣿡
֪ͨˣ̣һȥˣ¹˾Ͳˡ
ҪҪɴཫ¹Ȧ
ǲҪˡ룬ҡͷֻǵ¹¹峤Ҳǳ˺ҳƤǡȦ¹壬Ǿˡ
壿
ᣬǸҺǾ͸ɱ
ھȥţѡˣ
˹ˣ
߹ȡ
شɽڴˮʵɽڲûˮ߽ȥֻܹ߽渲ǣˮЩߵβͷ
βһء
һ޴βɽζȥһ޴̾ŵβǰԵϣ¹¹Ҫˡ
Ǹ޴β߷Ц¹峤ڣǸβһĻᡣߣǰ¹ء
ϣ¹עĲӦò١
ǾͿ˭ʵǿˡβߴƲƲ죺ҺģͶɱˣ˳ȥǵĲ䣬ǵĲҲˡ
ǵöһЩӣ
ɽ
ֻһĴ䣬彮УϲʵĲ䡣
׻һ塣
ʱ׻һĴڣ׻ϣȻһǰ¹壬Ͻ¹


657 ɱ
ǣ
ʵϣںܶಿʿ¹߸ڵ󷽾һ״̬
Ϊ󲿷ʵʿǰھŹˣи£Ҳ࣬ԼصġԭһЩص壬óûйأΨһĹؾǿΪ
¹壬֮ǰȥҺԼ׽ĴԮڱǴҲǵ¹
ÿ峤ڵĽеĲ䶼ǻԵĲ䣬Ĳȥ¹¹Ϊʲô
ĲȥǵĲ䲻ȥԵԼ
ԲУ
ԣΧܶಿ䶼¹񱼶
ʱ¹ɽȿǰ
峤ŭվǰǳŭ֮⣬һ˿־壬ΪžȻûпҹδĶ
ǶԷΪ̫ߣԼ̬ûעԷĶ
ಡ
峤ӿ֮ͷȥһʿڿУȻҲ߶ŵһ˵ϣؿ峤ϵʱͺˣʱ˲õģˣͶˡ
Ȼתףضҹδ룺ţӣ𣿡
ԼûйߣȺҹδｻһ£̽̽Էĵףȴû뵽ҹδͻȻͶˣд󾪣ָֻո̧һ룬ûüĶͱҹδһն˳롣
ȻҹδβͣسʿȺУ䵶նͬ޴µĹâ͸亮ֻѶϢ֮䣬㽫һٶʿնɱһգһٶ֧ʬ壬ѪζɽǰƮЩʿɻæˣ䱸Ŀҹδ롣
ҹδ뿴ûпЩʿһץϵĴָʹ˹ȻŶ֣
ʣ
Щӵī˹
ȥء
ȥǶ
·ʹ·ҹδ뻢һ
ŶŶ
ббطҹδһüͷһץסı۰
ָ·
ŶŶǱߣ
ҹδŶʺХȥ˲䲻Ӱ
ɽȿǰЩʿһãȻվǸҹδȥǱ߿
һǸɱΪԼҪȥΧɱô죿
ǡɱɽ¹¹ûʱ䣬ɱǻǶɽô죿
¹峤ҲŵؿŶЩʿҹδˣԼɵסЩʿҴʱѾˣ̰¹Ŀɲֻ壬ΧĲ䶼Լе¹
ԭҲûнİ취¹ʿأǾŸ¹ôȥ˭˭ɱȥɣɱԽ࣬ԽޡȻ¹峹ûӣøʿԼﵱսԺκһ䶼ܹ۸һ¹塣¹
ڡ
ҹδˣֱնʿڵģȥ¾ˡһ峤Ǳ߻ɾˡ¹ġ
¹峤ϿĶˡ
ǳȴǹļžʿûйȻʱӸʿǿһصʬ壬ĿⶼƲ
ӵʱ䣬ʿĿⲻſȥҹδͶʻˡҹδ뽫ʷɽڣԼϥʯϣɽЩʿֻиˣѹһر⣬˲ٵԴ
չ졣
¹ʵʵվɽڣڵ¹峤˵ɽȲҪˣ¹ҲҪˣÿһ·뿪Ըôô
ֺҹδ뷢쭣
ѾˣҹδҲһɱܵɱƵġ
Ҫҹδ룬Ҳɱˣ˭ȥ
Ǿҹδôɱҹδɱˣƨˣ¹ˡ
ЩʿҲԥ˳ôɵƵģվ￴֣
ǸţǺûܲסȺǣһϣӦûɣ
ᱦʱ򣬲ӦȰŪ
һȺʿԾԾԣһٶ˴˶һۣ㶼ԵصͷȻΪ׵һܵһ׺ݵҹδ˹ȥ
ϣ
ҹδס˫ϥ֮ϵһ䵶һն
һƥһĹâͬһһƹȥӹȥһٶʿ㱻նϣʬ˵ϡ
һӼžͬ
˰죬иOO@@ЩҪ¹ʿˣ¾ҹδ룬ٸһֱ˵Ǿðȫľ룬ͣʵϣʱЩ嶼оԼѾûϣõ¹ˡ
ҹδǸɱɽȿڣҪ¹ͱ뽫ҹδɱˣܹɱҹδʿضҹδ뻹ǿ˻ʲô¶
᲻뿪


658 
ա
ʿǿɽȿڵʬ壬һסԼҪɽȵͷĿϥʯϵҹδ롣
һһʿ֮ǰʿʱ򣬱кʿ̲סˣϾûпҹδնɱĳ棬Լ㹻ţһ׼¹ˡ
һ岿䣬ڶεʿûУ峤Ҳһܵ˵һС䣬䲢СǴ䶼Ըǡԭܼ򵥣ʿ̫࣬Զκһ䣬Ǵļʮϰٱ
Ϊ̫
ͱΣĲʿԾΪҲ˼ٸʿ岻ͬǧʿȻʵǿȴѹе嶼ţֻҪҹδ¾Щ壬ò죬ͻʮʿ
࣬սҲƴ϶ҧ󣬷ӵ˼¡
˶¹峤ˡ֪һҹδɱ壬ǰǧ嶼¾һգ¹ͳױˡһὫ¹Եʣ¡
ţСѣ¹峤Ҳ̲סˣһľͱĵҹδߣɱ
Ϊʲôҹδɻʵ
ʱҲ¹峤ϵΪ׵ʿͣһ֣еʿҲͣȻȻؿҹδ롣
ǵ̫ˡ¹峤ٵؽ˼ҹδ˵ˣҹδ۾ȴˡ
˵ʵ֮ǰҹδնһƥһĵ⣬ͲҪĵ㺮ƾԼʵնƥһЩǺӵܡ
ҹδǰѹ㺮似ľ磬Ҫôף
ʱҹδĶˡԶԶϵʿιУδؾͲڶʱڽ㺮һ硣
ڣ
ҹδʯվӽˡ

Ǹţųʲôˣ
סˣ
嵥ʿǾ࣬һ𣬾Ҳܹ㡣
Ȼǵɫһ䣬Ϊǿҹδ˳վɽȿǰ䵶Ǻ

¹ˣЩΧ۵ʿҲһ㵣ǧʿȴŭˣطһҹδ˹
ҹδηԼеĵרעڹ㺮֮ϡֻĹ㺮Ҳֻ似֣ʮֵͽ׵ģԵ˫ž룬嶼ʼͷŵˣҹδҲûõӦֻǽ䵶˹ţеĵ˫֮⡣
Χۺڽʿһ㣬ʿҹδ˹
͡
һʿ⣬ͱиƬ
һпӵ壬̫ӣܹϵ磬ΪǵѪֻҪͣسԾܹͻƣҲżޣʷƺû壬ΪߵҲֻܵ
ԣЩʿηҹδ벻ϵس
¶о飬ֻҪͣس壬ܺԷ
͡
ǧͽʿŶ࣬ʵô壬ôɱĲ࣬ӵʱ䣬ͱҹδɱˣҹδϴһ˿źоԼͿѹ㺮ˣȴɱˡ
ҲϢܿͻᴫ壬ڴĴʿͻˡ
ҹδĿɨ棬ֿһһɫ¹ʿһӣصʯϣϥʼ㺮
ѵõĻᡣ
ͨҪһ磬ܹǿܡ

ҹδڵľ磬Ѿܹ㺮һֱͨͨĴУҪһһ
ٵĵһؿƣ
ƶ˵ѣŶѾٽ㣬ֻҪսһʱ䣬ܹơԴпӣܲˣηֱϳ壬ֵ;ѵ
ҹδڶٴεڴ
ϾҪ죬֮ǰԼЩͨǲõģҪһոµͨ㺮һѵѡ
ԽԽʿɽ⣬ֻǿǧʬ壬ЩʿĬˡвʿҹδ룬оԼδؾͲҹδĶ֣¹ûг죬ǳɱȥҹδ¹嶼ɱˣҲܲժ¹һ壬òʧ⻹嵽ҹδܾˡ
һԴпӵ壡
ʱһȥѾ˴Ա
̫࣬ɲһأֳ˺ܶĲ䣬ڻۡЩʿȻʿɱǧʿ˵һС䣬¹塣
ֱĿ


659 
໽ž¹ûеȵȫۣ;ȴϵ岿룬ø¹ϵӡ
ʮٳ򣬶ڲϵطٵӡ
˵죬һʿﵽˣʿľβ룬ΪߵܵΪ͵ֻǿսƾľͲǾ磬
Χ۵ʿͬһ壬ԶԶرܿӵĿܺͽ
棡
¹ܶ壬嶼Ҫܿ
ԣǿվɽȿڣһ˫䵶һ˷ܵҹδʱǸӵ˷ܣҹδͳ˹ȥ
սˣ
ΧΧ۵ʿ˷ܵ
ж˰ɣ
࣡
˵Ǹţܹס𣿡
֪ţӵɫ˷֪ܰ˷ܸʲô
Χ۵Щʿ̫ʿΪ峤ǶǲмֲòϣҲ塣
ǿҹδ˷ܣжͲ⡣
͡
ҹδ˫˺âγһ޴ĹɽȿڶˣһƬƬʿʳƬҹδµʬٵߣܿͬһСɽɽȿڶ
䡭
ҹδĵâȻ·һ˲űѩͻȻ٣ʵϲûУΧ¶ȴͻȻ½µʬѻСɽѪҺγһѪıɽ
Χ۵ʿ඼Ǿһ
ţѪͨʼˡ
ţ
ͨԶѾʼˡ
ֻǡ
ţӵΪ¶ܵϢôܵſʼѪͨ
ѾˣֻǸոտʼѡ
ѵ
ʿһŵͷ
ѵһΪֲѪͨ
򲻿ܵûпʼѣҲֻܾ޴˿ֲѪͨŻѵ֮
ͨԽǸ߹󣬾ѵñԽ
ǣû˵ˮţһŸƷͨ
ѵţʲô⣬ˮţһδѵͨ
һһʿˣضסҹδ롣
ҹδʱѾȫУ㺮İļٵرԼֲϵͶ뵽ʵ֮Уնɱʿнһ
͡
ɽԽԽߣѾɽȿˣҹδͬվһɽϣ屼ɽҹδ˻ȥҲɱۡ
ɫȻ
䡭
ҹδµɽͻȻͬըһɽ飬ʬٴα飬ܼ䡣ֻ˲䣬ɽʧˣֻǴһѪ⣬ɽȿ¶˳ҹδٴɽȿڣ˫裬ĹšԤʾҹδܷ֮˼
⣡
еΧʿ𶯡
ǸţӵͨˣԾˣ
͡
֮ǰʿֻ˻ҹδǰűҹδ˫顣
ڲͬˣ
ҹδĵݺᣬɭ䣬ǵȡ֮γɵĵâѾγһΪ޴ĹţѾӳȥʮɣЩֻʮĵâͱɱƬ
һһҹʱ䣬ԭűնɱʮ򣬵⵶籡ֻ֮һ˲䣬ǧʿɱ
ʼѸٵؼ٣ҹδɳ֮УÿһǧʿֱҹδȴûĶ١
ƣӵе嶼˵壬ֻһܹȡӴܡ
ȻָҹδĶֶҶ˽ȡ֮Ҫʤ߽ͨǾƾԼܡ
αܣ
ҪĸԽȡ֮Խǿ
ǵԷֻͼܣҲɱ֣ҲֻҪһȡܾ㹻
ⲻֲܹġ
ͽʿǰ̡ǣҲֻǽʿܣʿʿԼĹȫ̶ȥЩͽʿȫ׷ʿ
˵ԴпӣԼұûɱֻҪˣǾͿܣĴһһȺ󱲴ˣҲȷʵûӣ̧ͬͷ
ˣһȥûǡ͸Լˣ͸ˡҲԴпˡ
ֻҪ˶ãͻֳַһ
ھԼҹδΧ۵ʿɵˡжһԺЩӡ
ǿſţЩΧ۵ʿֳָһͷ


660 
ҪҪǸ¾ţӣ
ţҲͷ
ͶɱûûˣԼĹޣߡͲĹ޵ʱԼЩȥŪ
ͷô
Ҳһӣ
һӣԼҪҪǣ
ˣɱ˶ԷҲһ˰ˣɱԷöԷˣӿ»ֹı
һϵսΧ۵ʿľսԥ
䡭
ҹδͬǿͷǳڲϵɱ¾
ڶȥɲǵһɱôˣÿһǧʿڶ콫ɱһٶۿʿʣ˼ʮ
䡭
Χ۵ʿתͷȥٴֳ£ǿ˴ˣһȥǼ
˴ƣеҹδ붼ѣһͬһ㱼ӿ壬ϲ²ᣬ㺮
뵱ʱ㺮ʮּѣѾŵҲΪ˵壬Ѿϣ㺮Ѿټѡ
ο
ԴԴϵʿڸϵشʵսиıԼķ򣬶ڹ㺮νһǧ
һһҹȥҹδ˫նоȻƮ˶ëѩ紵ܼѩƬȥ
͡
ÿһѩƬͬһԲʿиƬƬʿ飬Եڵء
֮
Χ۵ʿΪֹһ֮ͣϣɾͨˡ
ţӵѪͨҲ̫ˡ
ǵĿⲻЩʿϣЩʿͬһ㣬ηҹδ룬һϲֳ˼֮ɫ
ЩԴпӵļһ֪Ϊ˼ҵǸţӲϵѪͨ
Ǹţȫ˱ͨ˼߾ߣЩпӵ󱲰˼ʿҲ͵һţĻᣬԴԼְһʿˡǸţӻں
Ǻǡ
ϡ
ѾҹδӰҹδǰǧڵʿӰˣܼĴѩڱΡÿһƬѩһԲЩʿնɱ
㺮һΪһͲɱǧˣʿ˭ʿΪء
һҲ
ܵ˵ˣǶѪܵԲҹδǰҲǲһҹδǰ͵ͽʿûʲô
ܣôʿԼ⻹һЧǲӣԴԴϵ˻ûʲô
ʱҹδͬһ𣬶Щʿͬɶһ㣬ɶٶ࣬Ҳ
ֹȥһҹʱɽǰһƬž
ÿʿ͵ؿɽǰǱصʿʬ壬ûһȫʬ֮ھѪ죬жŨѪζŻ
ҹδ·ȴǰѪûУʱվɫҲֻ΢е԰סֻдһ˿źվûн㺮ͨ硣
վɽڵЩ¹ʿɵˡ
ûˣ˵ʲô
˵ҹδ뽫¹Χ嶼¾һˣţţǺεȾ磿
Ǹɱǣ
ʱ¹жڶ£ϸһ£Լûеҹδ룬΢΢
ҹδĿɨѪȵս۾һ
ϳʬ壬Ĵ㲻ÿʿУʮʿһҲˡ
ҹδ벻ЩڵԴжΣ壬ḻԣȥÿֻһ㣬ҲһԴΧ岿㼯ڴ˵Ľ
ЩǿյģЩҲһʴǮ
ҹδ벻СԴڶڶܷŹڿʼˣŵĻԴ
ûԴŸƨ
ҹδŵץȥĴҹδ˹ҹδս˴ָ
ΧпȵģȴЩԥϾվŵһոɱǧʿɱǡҲԥôһеĴ㶼ҹδ
ʱЩʿҲӦ˹ҹδĿⶼ˸뵽ҹδɲɱ壬ɱҹδ룬ǲҪ¹ջҲضˡһܵԲʹ˳Ĳߣʮֿߺһÿһڲһɲ棬ݣƾˣһڣܡ
ţӣʱֵ忪ս֮ʱ㾹Ȼ¾˶壬ձɱ㣬Ծ塣


661 ͨ
ҹδ΢΢̧ʿ֮ұͷ
㵹Ǹҿ
䣬Ŀһͷͬһҹδ뼤˹
ҹδ뽫䵶ͷնȥͷͻȻı˹켣ܹ䵶˲Ϣ֮䣬Ѿ䵽ǰȳζ
ҹδֵ䵶Ȼͬһ糵һ㣬ɱȥ
͡
ܵͷ˻ȥѾԾҹδǰеɲҹδ˹ˣͬһҹδ롣
úã
ҹδһѹԼľ磬չֳܵܣ䵶һʮ֡
Ĵѩܲ¶Ȼ䣬ǴӾȻ
ꡭ
˲ӵɲ棬˳ɲܵӣһ̣ܱоԼѪҺ·𱻶һ㣬óٻһɭâǰĵ
ѩ£ֻʼϡ裬ɽǰӰͻ֮þȴܵԲͨһԵڵϡ
ҹδһץ㽫ָϵĴָץ˹ӽ˷֮ڣϬĿ˶Щ塣
һ֮ͻȻԾһٶʿҹδɱ˹ǰһʿҹδ뻹Զһſ£һ罣һĶҺҹδ뼤ͬꡣ

ҹδһݣ˫նǴѩǼڰеĶҺ˲䱻ҹδ뻹Զӿе߱˲ҽܼѩƬһٶһʿиȥֻ˲мʮʿ塣ʣµЩʿһͷӣʧӰ
ҹδٴ˵ϵһЩָʹȻĿɨʿ

һӭҹδĿⶼɶ
ҹδûжתǸʯԣһԾϥʯϣȡҩ£ȻתϢָ

ͻȻˮʿɽĿȥβߣʱΪ׵һβҡβͣϵϢʼ

Χʿɷ׷׺ˣó˵طβ߶һʯϵҹδ룬ȻԼ˵
ߴ󡣡

β߾޴˶Ȼʯϵҹδ뻺ƽ˹ȥ
Χʿɫ
ˡ
ֹܵ
Ҫǲ˲ߴ󡣡
ǸţֻһοҪˡ
ʯϵҹδ۾һƮٴɽȿڡ
ϣ
һ䵶УĿеɱ̲ء
ҹδ뱻ΧˣΧ˲ߴ֮С
濴ȥβ߾ۺϴ󣬿ռ䶼һƿռ䱻Ťͬһһҹδƶȥ
ڲߴ룬Ѿҹδ룬ҹδӰ·һѩɽǣѩɽγ˲򵥵ѩܹȥǿռŤȴѩײءҲǲߴ޷˫һ
ҹδȻڵʼģ̇һŵҩеĿӵ㺮İʣһ˿˿
һʱ
ʱ
ʱ
˫ڽ֣еʿ·𿴵ҹδĩ·Ŀɲնɱ󱲣ʱģ֮ǰˡȥβһҲİȴǿɳ֮ǸʱҪɱǸţӾͼ򵥶ˡ
֮ң
ھŹǱ߻׷ɱҹδһԪʮѰҹδټÿһ䣬Ҫ´עҹδټ
һʿӶΪ׵ĵԪʿǸǸʿ˾ǸԪ֮⣬ڿй򵹣
¹Ǳ߳ˡ
ǵԪĿһҹδǱߣ
ǣ¹¹Ҫˣܶಿ䶼ȥ
¹Ȼ֪¹Щ¹Ĳˣ
ҲǣݴϢһţʿɽȿڣøȣ˵Ѿ壬壬һ壬ںβһɱ
Ԫüëһţ¹ϵܺ𣿡
֪
Ԫ룬һ˵ȥ
˼ǣǸŵԪʩ
ǸţʿЩ⣬ȥǸ֮ɱͻᡣоǸţʿɣҲ¶棬Ѹٻ֪ҡ
ǣ
ǸӦһ¹ķȥ
¹ɽǰ
߿
ǲѩѩɽ룬ͻȻһֻ޴ĳͬһи£㽫ǸβԴи룬ſһ£β߾ͱɵı񡣷צһһ飬βҲ顣


662 
ЩΧ۵岻ٴκˡ
ͨ
Ǹţӳ׾ͨ
ֻмͷ׻ûкˣҲ䱸ҹδ롣ҹδĿҲֻ׻ʿϣоһ
ʱֻ׻ԼΧΪֻС׻ҹδС
һܵ
ҹδоԼƣʱӲյʱԼѵ֪ԼĹ룬׻ʿɱ¶ԼĵƣǶ֡һ֮ˣһץ㽫ϵĴָʹУαԶӶȥ
¹壬θɣ
οҲţЩ֪¹Ҫ¹ҲὫ¹壬Ƕȥ¹ٽ¹Ĳرˡ
˵ΧΧ۵ʿˣʿҲɫһ㡣
ţɱôкһˣ
𿴻һһԿ˺ܾãüԼȥҲδؾаմùҹδ룬Բ׼һϣȫȻû뵽ôһɱǣôˡ
ֵǸɱǼԼܣ˵ηԼҲһ㣬һԥʱ䣬ҹδѾûӰˣҲȻȥ׷λΧ۵ʿ͸ȥ׷ˡǵĿⶼ¹ʿϣ¹ʿ巢
ҹδʱһ岿ȥȻɱ˾壬ͲȥѾûʲôʵ岿䣬ǵĲرա
Щ¹壬Ҳûа״ͨǣ¹Χʲô䣬ʵвĵص㶼ܿͽ뵽һ岿䣬ЩǷӣ¶ʣµһЩС壬Ҳ࣬ɷҹδҹδǸʱȥɱǣ
ֻɱһѪ·ֱر⣬Ȼһ˴ţ˲ر⣬䵶նЩʿֽرڵĶȻ뿪žһ塣
˵Ĵղر⣬ǱߵĻѾģס¹أ壬Ҳֻܹȥ
ʵ˼лǴ䡣
û˸ǡ
ֱռڹȣ͵¹졣
¹峤ϴʱһлڣûȺǻţһҲǻȡ߰˿¹¹һšȻ̾Ϣڱס¹壬һ¹Ҳǲ֮ҡ
ոиλ廯Ȼ̧ͷһ˫Ŀɱ˿Уɫһ䣬αʧ£Ѿ˰Сһ߷Ӱ
ɽ㲻ѰǸΪγڴ˵أ
滯ͣ˻ǰ˵һţʿ
ɫһ㻳Ǹţʿҹδ룿
ɽҡͷһɣɡȥˣɱˣ
ûУҡͷңˡ
ˣǻǲ壿
ҾòǣҲȷƻʲôֶζС
ҲǣɽͷҿҪһ棬ˣ

аɣȥ
Ϊɽ˲ȥʶǵصӳȥѰҹδټ
ʱҹδѾһı⣬βһȥܿ㴳βһأֱر⡣
ɽĿβһ壬սĲ룬Ǳ߷˹ȥ
βشԼ֮ңһţʿ˿УţʿɽһۣȻͷԶȥ
϶Ǹţˣ
ɽȷҹδС
Ȼҹδܵøˣ
ɽеû̫ĻɣһոɱôʿɱǣԼֻ߲һ׷һߺ
ҷ׷ɱ㣬ֻ¶Ҫһʡ
ҹδоһ׷ɱԼҲ˵Լ¹նɱ޹أȴҪԼǼͿȷǴǱ߻׷ɱԼʿ
˴
Ȼ˻ֻһɣ
ҹδӵøˡ
ɽٴκɽǸѰҹδģͣȥ
˭ҹδ벻֪ȴ֪ܹдģضһԪԪˡֻһ
ҹδӵøˣȴںŪˣضǿϵı
ɽȴҲܾôˣȥûҲҹδ׷˹ȥ
ûаҹδ뵱¶Լһ۷壬׷һǺܼ򵥵
׷׷ţ͸оԾˡ


663 Ļ
ҹδչ¶ϢǾһʿʿٶȾȻԼⶼ׷ˣȻû롣
ϸϸ۲죬üͷø
ˣǰǸţʿ֮ٶô죬Լû׷ϣΪţʿ硣
ѵţʿŷϵͨ
ôܣ
ˮţһ岻Ӧþѵˮϵͨ
Լ¹ɽȿڿ˵һƬӦǾˮϵ죬ϵͨλзϵͨ
˫ϵͨ
岻û˫ϵͨ壬ƺˮţһûǸѪɣ
ɽһ
˻ɣûзԸԼҲҪץסǰǸţʿһ̽
뵽ҹδһʿǰţʿҲһҲ̫ɺ˰ɣ
ɽȻӿٶȣԼеǱٶȻһҹδ׷˹ȥҲԳ
û뵽ԼһȴҪƴȫȥ׷ɱһ
ļƿ֮ҹδ󾪣ͷһɽڷɿԼľ룬оһݡ
˲佫Լķϵ򷢻ӵ˼£һȻֽ˾롣
ɽĿһڿһתֳԭΣһֻī˫ȶͬһɫ磬ҹδ׷˹ȥ
ҹδ벻ûͷֻƿ֪֮ɽڷٵؽӽԼԼȻ˷ϵȴûԲ磬ҲֻǱƽ˴ɣɶǡٶϾһơ
ǡ
ɽΪʲôô죿
æ֮ͷȥһɫڷɿؽӽԼǵɫ羹Ȼһֻī
вɿЦһԷΪͨ尡
ȥҲͲӵʱ䣬ͻᱻ׷ϡ
ҹδü˼иĵǱ壬ϾԲ硣
ǣԼ¶壬ضǸԼ
ˮţһԲӵͨ
ǣ壬ֱضᱻԷ׷ϡ
ҪҪͶԷһ
ҲǸʿһ۷壬ԼʵδؾͲܺͶԷһҼǶѵܵù
ҹδһɽɽٶȣԼӣҲǺɽ࣬Ҳ˵ȫӣȻδرɽ׷ϣԼҲ˦Է
ͶԷҹδ뷴һЩԼƾ˵ܹ΢ռһϷ硣ȴܴΪ֪ԼܹռһϷ磬Ҳһʱɱֻɱռ䲨ңضǵԪǰԼɾˡ
Ӱɣ
ҹδҲûбİ취ûʹ壬ԷϵǰԼܵӵԶһЩ˵ʱ򣬼ԼɽӦȴΪǵԪ̫ԶҪ֪ͨǵԪҲף֪ͨˣһһȥʱ䣬ҲܹԼӵøԶ
ֻǣվǵԪǻ
ҹδͷʹһӣһûԷĿܡ
ȴҡҡͷ˶ɵ̫죬Լһ壬󣬱֣ɽٶ̫죬ûɽѾһӶ
ôһһ룬ӵʱͷɿȥֻӵʱ䣬Ѿһ׷һӳȥɽҹδѾʮֽˡҹδ̾ϢһȻתΪ塣
ꡭ
ҹδͬһ磬Զȥ˲ɽһЩ롣ɽɫһ㣬̶ĿⱩʱѾȷǰǸʿԲţ壬ţ岻ܻͨȻţ壬ȴģ³ţ塣
ǡϾҹδˣ
ǲǣԲˡ
ֻǴʱҲЩգھǱ̫Զ޷֪ͨչգץҹδġ
ܹҹδͨٶȺܿ죬ҪԼôһ˿ԼҪƾٶ׷ҹδ룬̫ˡ
ǣҹδٶҲûп쵽ܹܹҹδ룬һֱô׷ȥˣͱһս
ģԼһԪһ
ȵҹδڵĹޣȻͲܱٶȣǸʱ򣬾Լɱҹδ̡֮
ԣɽҲˣһǰһͷɡ
һȥʮ࣬ʱ·ѾһƬʱطԾѩɽʱǰһѩɽ·ҹδԶԶؿѩɽͿʼֱգڵٶȣֱײɽˡٶײɽ¶ܹԼĹͷײ顣
ԭ¶Ⱦ͵ͣ˵Ÿ߿շҹδһ
ಡ
ҹδɽ壬ͷһۣɽϣͣ
ҪͣԼ֪ٷˡ̫ˣҲɽ⣬Ǿġ


664 ɱ
ҹδ񣬵ҲܷɽܹʿͲκһܹʿ򵥡ؼһɵ壬ԭվı֮ͨУľͻСҹδ߶壬ĺܴһԱȣҹδɽյĽҲҹδĸɾ
Ѿɳʮҹδоųɽ޷֪ͨǸԪԶľ룬ɽռĲǾңʮ֮⣬Ҳʮ΢ֻҪرרעĹעǲᵱµġ
Ǿ;һսɣ
ҹδͣɽ⡣ҹδѡϵҹδȥֻĸɾձԼ׷ɱ
ǺԼ
Ǻǡ
Сҹδ룬κһСƣôܿһ
ԣûнٶȣԼ׷ɱҹδٶȣҹδ˹ȥֻ򣬾ͬīҹδ뻹һξ룬ֻȶ֮£ɷй쫷磬ҹδ뱼ȥ
ꡭ
ҹδ뻯һ磬ɽԳ˹ȥеĳҲն˳ȥ
նף
ҹδãԲն׵ҲﵽһµĲΡ
ն׵ֻһ֡
죡
˲Ϣ֮ڣվͱһƬĽ⣬ҹδնǧ⡣
˲Ϣ֮ڱǧ
ǿ콣ռ䶼õҵΧĿռͷ·Ҫһ㣬ҵؼ
͡
Ƿ쫷类г϶ҹδͬһӷ϶һ˫ٶȶ쵽˼£ԷУ˲ͽȥ
ڽ˲䣬ȴ˱Žܼײɽ๣צҹδĿ콣
͡
˵ٶȼ죬֮£໥ԶȥȻ󼸺ͬʱͷٴζԳֻɽһ˫ӥĿУɭɱ⣬һ˿䱸
ȫû뵽һκҹδĽ棬·ȴԼҹδûˣɽĲูȴһۣѪѾʼ͸
ɽԲԼԷֻԼ֪ҹδ뻹һֿ콣ˡԼע⣬Ҳҹδᡣһᷴɱҹδ롣
ϡ
˫һܼŽ죬νȻٴζԳ塣ζԳ壬ɽеĿаգһ˿塣
һζԳ壬ѾעɽȻûˣȴҲû˵ҹδ롣˫ʵ̫죬˫ʩչͨ˫һԿľ棬㲻ܹ߳ġ˭ȸı䣬Ҳ˭ͻ·硣
Ҳɽҹδĵطû뵽ԷֻһأȻܺԼضԳ֮£û̱ɱһ˿ֵζҪ֪ԼǱҹδ߳һ󾳽硣
ҲҹδܹԼ֣߽˽ֵľ棬ͻᵼƴĵ·ӣҹδɱɡ
ҹδҲɭؿɽ˫ϵؽϵعвϵܼĽ˫ڷɿġ
һϢϢϢ
תʮϢȥֻʮϢʱڣ˫ͶԳʮΣɼ˫ٶֶ졣
ϡ
˫һν򱳶ȥڽ򱳵˲䣬ҹδڶˣڿ˼£̳֡
ҹδ֮ڲŴ̳֣ҪԶԷöԷѾʮϢʱ䣬Էϰߣ뵽Լı乥ķҴʱɽضҲԼһ㣬ֿ֪ٵɱУ˭ıսķʽο塣ſʼרעҹδƴɱ
ʵҲȷʵˣͱҹδ벼µ֣ɽٶȣһӶֶ޷ɽγ˿в
˽ԳĽصǲֵλá˷ɵٿ죬ײֵһ˲䣬˫Ϊ˴˵ײҲ˫ٶȽôһߣֻһߣ㹻ʱ֣ɽγɹˡǣȴҲһ⣬ǾҹδԼҲֵĹΧ֮ڡ
״̬£ҹδɽ໥ɽˣҹδҲضᱻˣһܾ˵Ĵ򷨣˭Ҳ̲úôɽʮϢ໥ƴɱԲ뵽ҹδִ򷨡
˱ٴζԳ塣ɽ˫չЮŻذܡ
ҹδ΢һ˿Ҫ㾫׼֤˵Ľص㣬֮С˵ĶԳ壬иſռ䣬ÿռ䷢Х


665 
ϣ
һ˫ٶȶôһߡ
ϡ
һƬܼĽз·ǧ滨ǧ滨֮ǰ˲䣬ҹδʧˣҹδʧĵطһҹյ

һ˲䣬ҹδ뵽֮ڣɽܼĹи֮ϣȴ֮ϣһ˿ۼû¡
ļӲױȡ
ǴʱɽǱˡ
֮ǰʮϢڵı˴˽֣Ƿɿؽڽ˲䣬˴˱쾡ҲΪԲҹδ룬ɽͷһ࣬ҲǱ˴˽һ࣬һǲ˿Ŀܡ
ǲ룬ٶ̫죬˫жʮԣ˫ͷ˽һ࣬һ༸ˣ˵ˣǷǼûУΪҪȫԼһࡣ
Ϊһ࣬вͻˣ
ǣʱֵıȴֻһ࣬ǼֱǴ˷ǵȫ湥
ۡ
ֻһ˲䣬ɽһͬӵѪ˳ٶҲ׵ɽ㱵ǣҹδһ
ѵţӲҹδģһɾ
ҹδͷŵģֵʱյ쳣׼ָոսҹδʹڳˣһͬһ磬׷ΪֵıֻӳַΧɽȻһץ
пռ䣡
ˡ
ڷеɽоռ䱻ˣԼ·𱻴ӿռ뵽һռڣռճأԭѾ͵ٶȣٵص䡣
ҹδѾãͷпռ֮̾;ע뵽ڵ׷ϣһ״Ͽգ·֡
Ҫʱ䡣
߿
ɽҲʶ˲ʱԡѪƲᡣɷȶ˫ᣬͷųܼķУͬһпռײȥҪпռ䡣
ʵҹδҲʵ
ԣҹδ̧֣һա
䡭
пռ俪ʼˣпռһһ˲飬ռγǿĿռɱĲƽɱҲǿ
䡭
һ֮ɽסпռ飬ȴϼˣʱѾˣǰԡѪȫԡѪ
䡭
ɽط֣Լӳпռ䣬пռӳֱ״ܼ֡ͬһһ˹
״ûпռĽɱȴΪ񱩣ɽѾϵôӿвϵؽ䣬Ȼһˤ˱ϡ״ɢûеɽӱվ㷢һ档
н
ϡ
״ɢ֮ǰҹδѾн󣬶ʮ۶ɵ޽λγн󣬽֮ڣݺύ
ɽовصֵŽĹҪײԼһʼʹˣ׵ľǶҹδĲ˽⣬һʮӶԷ
֪Ϣҹδ뽣˽ҲûʲôˡҹδҲͷһ֣ʣµĶǿ콣ҲûгԤϡܹͷŷ̫ˡ
Ƿ޵ı£ҹδ뻹һ
Уʲôʱὣˣ
ص̫ˣ
һѾ˿־壬оԼв
ʱԡѪȴҲ˲ϣ˫һ񣬿зһʹУһ˫ϵë壬Ϊһнһ򴩴̶ȥԼǿͨͨ˼ȴǼ󡣺Ȼһ㽫нһӣξҪȥ
ϣ
һƴ޽Ȼ˶ʮ룬ͬϸһ㣬ɽ˹
͡
ɽԶȥܼѪǷܼۣѪ
ɽȻǰɣѾǹԣ޴бŵ׹䡣
͡
ҹδкҹδһһɽ׷ȥ
мŨҵѪζŻ
ǻƻ趼·ȾѪɫ
ȻҹδͷӣҲ׹ɽһۡ
ҹδ뼴ںɽҵսУҲʱעſռĲһ̣ظ֪Զ˼Ŀռ䲨д֣ٶ


666 Ԫ
֪Լɽҵĸֻ֣ǲ֪֣ǲǲ˭֮أԼΪ
͡
ҹδ뼤ԼеǱֻ˲Ϣ֮ûӰ
һӰڷŵļս֮
һԪʿƬ£ǽڻԪĴڣ򼸺ﵽĶˣ֪쳣
Ȼ뼫ԶȴڣҲܹ֪ԶĿռ䲨رǵԪֲεսԣ֪ѾΪԶüΪ΢Ĳбһ
ǻεս
壬壬ǼΪĴڣֲεսǵԪҲԣֲ֪֮˲˾Ϲ
ҹδ뾳粻ƣֻһڵԪǸΣҲ޷󲻵ʮԪʿɿԸ֪ߵսҲû󵽣һԪ˼̸֪
ͷһѾ׹ڵϵɽȻɽԡѪһ۾˳
ȴûȥֱҹδʧķ׷ȥҪ˭ɽֻҪ׷ȥǸʿץסͿˡ
͡
ҹδײ˿ǰľΪٶȣΪߣ޴ѩɽ·Լײ˹ҹδμԾѩɽ߳Ǹ͵ҷ磬ҹδ붼Щܲס·ȥа
ֲ˵ҪԼͻƻ֮󣬲ܹǰǿաԼˣ˵ǰǿգ⼫߳綼޷ܡ
ã
о׷ɱԼǸʿԼԽԽǿռĲԽԽ죬ò˶ãԼͻᱻ׷ϡ
һԪ
͡
ǰֳһ޴ѩɽѩɽ֮ǰκһѩɽþ޴ҹδȻֱӣѩɽ֮۷ȥԽԽңٶȶΪͣȴ˿иһϷȥΪѾ֪ǸԪѾ׷ˡ
ȷʵѾ׷ˣѾҹδӰʱȴͣг˼ɵ
ǼɵĿĲҹδ룬ѩɽ֮ۡ
ʱҹδǽѩɽϷȥѩɽȴǧ׵ľ롣˸żɵͲʣպɽ屣ǧ׵ľ룬ֱ˿УĿɽ֮ϵһ޴ıѩ֮ϡʱҹδ뻹Ƿ۷ȥۻŲ̵ľ롣
Ŀ⴩͸˺Ʋ㣬ڼɵҹδϡѾȷţʿҹδ룬Ϊ嶼֪һأûǸߣͽҹδǱߡ
ҹδ룬ҪɽϷˣǽأʮ
ҹδоһΪ˶ԷгԼݣҲΪ˶Է˵Ľء̧ͷȥĿ⴩͸Ʋ㣬ԼԶҲǴԼǧ׵ľ룬ԵԪʿ˵㲻Ͼ롣ˣǵԪȴԼŨŨļɵ
ⲻҹδ뵽˷ԵĽء
˲˶ԷΪԷûбҪŻԼֻҪһ֣ܹԼ֮ûи֣ضΪǸء
ҹδδ˺Ʋ㣬ȻͻȻ󵨵ͣվںƲ֮ϣ̧ͷԼбϷԼѾֻǧҵϷΪ
ǣ
죡˵ҹδɣ
ҹδͷֳԭòͷϵСţҲڵ
Ȼͣ˵˵Ľء
ǣҹδһҪȥ
ΪΣ
Ϊﻹ԰ȫ뿪ᱻɱ
ҹδĻδ䣬¡¡죬ҰеǸͷӣûüգۣʧˣó̵ˡ
ҹδһӾͻˣҲó̵ӣνĽرϾûӡ󣬷㡣¸ոոֳ֪һ˿׾ˣӦѾˡ
оԼ屻붯ˣȻѩɽϵĻѩ۳һѩһҧסԼѩɽ֮Ϸȥ
ѩֻǺҹδ룬ҹδ΢һǽ˵ģ˲ûҪɱԼ˼ûС
ѩ˷ۣҹδ˫Ŀ㲻Ȼ
ҲǼˣڵӣڵĻֺ붼ѾϰˡǴʱǰľ󣬻𾪡


667 ˫ͷʿ
һֺıѩ϶ûڴ󣬵ʮֹڱѩӳ£Ĺâ
ξһ㡣
Ǹѩɵ˱ѩĴſڣȻΪѩƮ䡣ҹδҲڵϡ̧ͷ˻ֺĴš
Ĵǳŵģûˡҹδȴûܵͷ
ӵõġ
һҹδ뼫ƽԼľȻٲ̨̤ף˴֮ڡ
һشȥҹδ뾶ֱǰȥΧûˣžʮֺ䣬˴ﵽظоɭϡҹδҲûа취ȻΧһ˶ûУȴܹ֪ԼˡҲֻһֱǰߣһŻŲͣ
֮⡣
ͣеĿ־廹ûɢȥתͷңԶѩɽ
ѩɽĹûĸʿ֪Ǻʱֵģտʼ巢ΪʲôϹż˽ȥȻҲûгʱʼѾȥǧʱ䡣
ŷʿԽԽ࣬ʿҽȥģϢ崫һЩԪڡǵãһʮԪǰһԪȥ֮ϢЩԪ;Ͻ˵
ǡ
ٶȳ˿־壬ǸʱֻһֻԶֵķݶʮԪѩ˲䣬ѩɽȻˣͬѩһ㣬ıѩɽƮ۳һſѩѩһǿյ򣬵ͽɱԪʣµĻԪŵõͷӡӴ֮ͳΪ˽ءЩԪҲٴ˵ء¼ŭ˱ѩеǸڡһǸ߳جΡ
ҡҡͷ̾ϢһѾҹδ̣ͷȥ
ʱҹδվһڣǿŴ࣬ʱҲʧȥ֪ĸо˽Ӳ͵վǰ
һ޴ıڱһ
֪ôĶ
һʿɣΪǸʿɢǿϢϢҪϵϢҪֺ룬ѹȵҹδ붼йĳ嶯ֻҧڼ֡
Ǹʿ쳣ߴ󣬵ⲻҹδ͵ԭ͵ԭǸʿò
ǸʿԴһԴһԴǸԴȴһͷģʮֵؼĲԴҲһԴʿ壬ʿֻһֱۣû˫Ⱥһֱֻۣųɶһߵģ˵һ廯ߣ˵һ߳һͷһ˵ֱۡ

ʱʿֻһͷһֻұۻܹ˵ʣµĲλѾһ
壡ǸԴ˵ˡ
ҹδ΢һܹ˵˵йͨءеתʵʵ˵ҲڵıܹΪԼȡһʱˣܹõһҪãǸʿʩһ
壬ڣҹδݼǰ
͡ߵǸͷҹδţƺұߵͷѹƣȻͷ˼ƺ˼һңԶĻ䣬أڵĿ΢СĲҹδƺһһѪҹδƺҲǸͷӻ˹ڵĲ˲ͣ¡
ڣҹδ롭
Σ
ã
͡ͷֿʼţֱֻһƣƺŭˣתͷǸͷҧ˹ȥǻûеҧУƺʲôƣһԣ괭Ŵ۾˸ɱ⡣
ͷʱҲüͷڷ·𶼱һ㣺ϸ˵˵
ǣ
ҹδһѵλʲôϸ
ǶԼ˵Ǻ£ǻ£
ʿ⣬Ƕ⣿
Ѿûʱҹδ˼ˣֻ˲;ʵʵ˵㽫Լ֪״ϸϸص
ԴʦӦʧ֮󡭡
ҹδϸ˵ЩҲǹģû˲֪Լռ鲻˵Ҳûʲô˵ġǰ˰ʿ˽⣬ǲԹɫܹʿʮֹġȻǺŹϵûбҪڵ˵˱ֻԭ
һǴʿŶһųҹδҲֻܹƾȥѡʵҲûʲôѡģԼڵʿ
һ㽲˽ʱڼʿ˼⣬ҹδиģоʿӦƵĹϵǵȵҹδ뽲꣬ǸʿȴþòԲô


668 Ӧ
ֱǸͷ˼ĻᣬȻ̽ͷҹδҧ˹ʱǸʿŻȻ̧еһֻ֣һץסǸͷĲӣ˻ȥȻ󿴵ҹδѾճϽâ£ۿžҪͷšοĵͷ
Ӧܿ죬ңҲҰν򣬵ҲûнڵݣӦõλͰɣ
˵ˣҲԪԪܹɾ䡭ӦòһӰɣ
ҹδԣвԷ۹⣬ֻǵһɨܹԼ俴ò࣬㹧
ǰѾʮһˡԣΪܵϵʿ̫٣ҲõŵӣŶߡ
ʿǸֳһ˿΢Ц²ô򵥰ɣ֮ǰҿɿ׷ɱһԪܹһԪ׷ɱУôԶϻûˡ
ʿͻȻ̧֣ҹδĻ˹ȥҹδбһݣеĳԥش˳ȥ־ǱһŴײǸʿĴ֣˲˴
ǣҹδȴĿһֻǿŴһץǿŴǾ˲С絯裬ֻץУһ󣬱ࣵһɢˡֻҲ˻ȥҹδĿ͡
ֻڣŻڵʵ⻹ĵưɣ
ҹδŲ֪˵ʲô
˵ʵǵһôǿʿҲϽ֣Ȼѹž磬ܹ֪ǰΪҪǿ̫ࡣǰʿһоϣδܹǰʿֶ֧á
彮ʲôʱôһǿʿ
壬壿
Ϊ
ҹδоһ
ΪỹڻԪ֮ϰɣ
ʮһ꣬أӦñڶΪ̳˰ɣʿҹδ롣
ҹδһŬƽԼľ˵ʵǳӦ״ԼڶԷһ֮䡣ҲûʲôģԼ¶ʵҲˣͷ
ǣ
ʿпһǴڰˣȻܹյһĵӡ
ʿɫãʮָӣÿһαãҹδף֪ʿδԼΡ
Լ̫Ʈˣˡ
Ȼһܵˡ
ʿɫƽҹδϷӦ
ҹδͣ죬Ͱ͵㡭˵˭
ӦͷһԼ壬ֳһĨȻŵ˰ɣ
㡭ʦ棿
Ӧͷ״Űɣ
ҹδͷҡҡͷһʱ֮䲻֪˵ʲôһֱڲ²Ӧû䣬ȴû뵽Ӧӡ
ӻӦ𣿻
˵ڻԪԲͣʮ꣬ȴ޷ƽһͻƵĴѰ̾Ͳ˵ˣҷһͷ­ͷ­ɢҶηϢ˲ȷһϵǿߡֻϵǿ߾Ȼնͷ­
ϵ
ţӦһҹδ룺Ԫ֮ϣǺϵ
ɡΪҴδ˵ҹδҲδʦ˵
Ϊû֪

Ҳ֪ʷϾûкϵʿ֣Ҳ֪ûкϵĴСʷźܶζϲ㣬ܶҲˡǾ֪ʷϣΪҲǻԪҲԶʱźϵУʱ϶ûС

Ӧָָ̧һԴ֪ġ

Ӧֳ֮ɫǿͷ­ҾϲĪǸʱһ֪кϵ磬ȴ϶ͷ­ǰضڻԪ֮ϡǣұｨ˱ѩʼоͷ­
ӦͣĬȻã̾ϢһǧʱڣҲûоһ㳢ںǸԴеѪ꣬ȻҵͱӣͬʱҲ֪ԴıһϽĴԴԴĴмһоŸԴԴֻеһ
̫ǿˣֻһͷ­ֿܹġֻҪ꣬Ҿʧˡ嶼ģҲΪ֣ʧ
ʦ桭
ԭѾ׼Ѿ˴󣬾㲻ɱҺӦҲܹס
ʦ桭ҹδ󾪣Ҫͬھ
ˣΣ
⡭


669 ݺ
㲻֪Ӧ̾ϢһȫΪ½ϣû˭ܹƵסΪһƽ١˵嶼øǿ󡣡
ҹδĬȻ죺ʦͲȥ𣿡
Ҳû뵽Ϊҵʧ٣Ŵ˼ѵĽߴǺõ
Ӧɢɱҹδ庹ë˷ͬһֻڵĸ
ɱһգˣҵҪȥֻǲȥ
䣬Ӧ̧һ㽫ԼԴҼֻͬұи
ӦҪʲôǸͷֳһ˿ңе
ӦһģھؿռȻӦƮ˹һץסҹδ룬һ㱣αѾڴĿСֲϵĳشֳڱΡ
Ӧ³һ沼˾᲻ϵȼϣܹ
ҹδ뿴Ӧᡣ
ôԼն˳ŶʹƫƫţӦʦǿ
ʱӦֻʣһԴһֱֻۡ
ȻӦۣ۳Ӧ壬˫ţұۣȻֻһۣһΰ˳ҹδǰ
ҹδ㶵ؿǰˡ
ܹ
ͿģһģһҹδڵԴˣȫĲţȫԼںεأԺˣֻǾԼִһţµ硣
Ŀõͷϣֻͷԭģ·ڱΡĿⲻӦϣֿġǰץӦֿţֺõֱȽϡ
һģһ
壬
ҹδһ汦ģӦҲɻеЦ
·治棿
ҹδ䣬ͷ棡ʦ棬ôģ
Ǻϵ
ҹδ۾һʦѾϵˣ
ûУǰ벽ϵɡʦûлˡ
Ϊʲô
ʦֻµԪˡ
ҹδɫһ֮лȻʦ沢ûкϵնȥԼ壬λܹ
ܹ£Ѿ漣ˣԼ¶Ϣ
һʱ䣬鲻Ϊ֮ɥ
ԭΪʦˣڿüˣԼҲôѹˡ
Ӧ̧ҹδļ򣺡µʱҲ㹻ˡ߰ɡ
䣬Ӧͷųһ֣ҹδ£ڣҹδؿӦֽռ˺һӣһ˽ȥȻ˺һӣ˳ȥ
䡭
޴ĺ쳹ߣҹδ뿴˵ھŹأڷؽصĳǽԪڼлѾˣս쳣ҡ
ô졭
ҹδãȻܣȻȻ˹ʿڲͣ䣬ȴûмߴԮӰ
ʦ棬æǸǸʦ棡ҹδ뼱ˣָŸ
Ӧ̽һֻ֣һԪץ˹ȥǸԪںһԪлȴȻԼΧռ䱻ˣԼȻãȻͱһָֻץסˡ
飡
ǸԪ徹Ȼرֱֻˡҹδ뿴ö
ֲʦһѹһʱ
һԪ˲ԶȻ㶵ؿӦӦҲûٴӦȻʼطֻ࣬˲䣬γһصľ޴࣬Ȼ󿪿ڣ¡¡֮ɫ쳹
ߴڣӹ
ߴڵĻԪʵһֱڹעڷ֮أֻҪڱɱǱǰܲɱһγǽ
ԣӦҹδֵʱǾͿˡɫһǿɶʶӦֻǻûеǷӦӦһ֣һԪŵòˤ˵ϡ
뵱ӦǶ򲻹ȴҲûڣһ־һԪ
ѵӦʧǧ꣬˻Ԫ֮ϣ
ȻӦͷط࣬ǹȥ
ûӣǵԼôŵӣôһ͹ԹԵĹȥ
ǲȥ
˭סӦ
ʱ򣬱طתͷ壺
䡭
ЩԪûߴڻԪô࣬˵ϳӦϲǿ˼һԪ
еͷӣһʹ˳̵ľ
ǽϵʿһĿƣݵӦ


670 
Ԫһŵǧֻʶӡ
ʲôʱ
ֻд˵еӦдܰɣ
Ǳ߸Ѿ棬Ӧ˹ʵʦ֡ȥĶ˰
ӦŸͷˮȻһֻ֣ǧ֮⣬صϿ̽ȥ˲Ϣ֮䣬㴩Խǧһֻ־ųǽϵһϺץ˹ȥǸϺǴµĻԪ档ϺмӦֵ̽˲䣬Ҫ𣬵ͨҪ幥嶼ɢһɱ⣬ǵͨͷŵ˲ӳ
ǡ
ɱ˲·ֹˡ̲ڵĵͨرˣȻֻ־ץסϺУ˲صӦĸǰȻӦֽϺһˤ
䡭
رҳһӣϺһȻ˴Ѿ־ԼӦǰ˵ĴȻͬӤһ㣬ûа֮
Ӧʣµڣгɱ⣺һ𣿡
ಡ
ʣµԪȻо壬Ҳ΢΢ġΪǿӦˡ֮ӦҲ׶ٵأܹǧ֮⣬̽ȡؽһԪһףϣҲӦĶ֡뵽֮ǰǧڵľٴ룬β壿
΢ĵǣɱӦҲֻǰѴµĻԪ˵ϣûԪһ˵ӦѹɱġֻҪԼСӦӦδؾͻɱԼˣﻹϷֺ
ǧʿͷۿһӿǿˡ
߸ϵĻԪ棬ʱƵӦǰһ˿󶼲ңһ
ݼʦ֣
Ӧջط࣬ɫǱӣͷŵĴӺȵ
װ
µλԪһ£ıˡӦһӣ֪ԲǻԪвɶ뵽ӦѾѰ˻Ԫ֮ϡ
ʱﻹа
ׯشݣѾòֻʣವشӴڷһף
ݼʦ֡
·ʿһȻرߴڵʿһʱ֮䶼Խܣһͷȴи
Ҫ˰
ڵʿȴһã඼ҪǻֻҪߴڻԪڵӣǾ֪ڵʱֻˡ
ǱҪһȥˡ
վӦߵҹδ룬м֮࣬Ҳпѡ
ʵ
һѹһʱ
һȣֻʱߣߴԪֻݡ
εȵ磡
ӦĿɨߴȣҪڣûʲôκһŶʷǿҲʤΪ
ǵãһţһˡȻҲʤΪ
ߴԪվûи˿ʵϣ˼Ӧ˵ǲ
ǸŵһԴһ͵ڣûɣ
ߴԪʹ˹ȴҲӦʵϣҲ֪ѾӦʴˡҲӦΪʴȡ޷ǾҪҪǵֿ塣ǵҲΪͷڹӲд
ôҪΪĸǡ
ǣ
ߴԪʹشӦ˵ʵڲʹЩԴʱ򣬶ǺӦʨӴ󿪿ڣֻǵһ㣬еڶ㡣
ȴû뵽Ӧһ䣺ȥɡ
ߴԪһ㣬ȴ޷Լеľ塣
ӦǸӦ
ǿƣԵȴҲʼհڵһλá
ȥߴһԴߴ˽ǣȴҲڹӲдЩߴڵӴԴغܿͻᲹԪܵЩʿٴԾΪһšӦٴʧ٣ߴҪڣҲˡ
Ӧһʿˣһʿչطⳡսջ
ڡ
ֵͳѩؾӭɽţӦĳ֣ݺᡣ
һ죬ڴ졣
Ĵϲ󣬵ںɽѾòõӦĶڣȴء
ļˡ
ԪӦֵѩ͸
Ԫȸ͵졣
ĶҺҹδ롣
ӦԪµҶѾ֪ˣִϲ󱯣ðֵȫܲˡЩɫȻɫ
ֻʲôûǧ꣬ǲҲˣò
ӦԣʵľЩĲܹߴڵ£ڵĴѾӦ⡣رǻõҹδôһӣԴһ㣬ͿԵֵǰһеʧ


671 ϲ
Ժŷ룬ǰǼƻؼţΪˣҲûȥ;ӪߴԴű㽫ŵϣŵϡ
һع飬ŵǰͶŽȱŵӣֲȱԴǱչܹܿٹ⡣ҲҪߴڣˣض꣬ǧڣǲһɣšڷŻչΧҲףǲǲչûȥԣҲỳɡǻɣҲὫɰУ¶
ʧǧ궼ܹ˭ˣ
Ҳôһ¶Ҳ
Ӧ˼һۣȻҹδ룺δ룬ʵŵΣջеģҺܴλʦԪҲˣҲͶٶꡣٶǽ½ߴȻұ¶ɣǵλʦ½û˿ӦǱضΪضǷڵĻɡԣİҲֻжٶ꣬ٶߴڱ½ض̽ұضһ̽һ̽ҡ
㣬λʦѾ˵úˣڵδٶŵصضļϡԸԸ縺ҲǷǸʵ縺
𣿡
ףҹδһǡأҲڶͻƻҪڶͻƵԪûס
Ӧȴ۾һڶͻƻ
ҹδ֪ʱãʵʵ˵ӦִʿһΪţԼʵʵ˵ܹԼľ磬Լṩǡİϸ˼ԼӦܹڶʮ굽ʮ֮ﵽԲ׼ΪԵʣռ䣬Ѿռ˶ӡϵĲ裬ϲһ£һµʱ䣬ӡһͷҲҪһֱչأҲͶʮʱ䣬ڼӸʮ꣬ΪԼҲҪȥʲôͻʱ䡣ʮʱ䣬ԼǾܹͻƵԲġ
ռĺôʿҪϵͳԣҪռڣΪʱ侲ֹȫģһ顣ռĻѵķ
ǾȫʷľѾɶʷڣʷԼﵽųʷò˶ʱ䣬Ҳһ͹һȴҪܶʱ䣬ΪʱڣʷˡǸʮҲܹﵽ̶ȡ
ˣʣ¾ȫΪʶֻҪʶڶʶԼͻƵ硣
ҪʶȫΪʶҪƱϡ
֮ǰ״ǣʶʶʶڶǾ壬ڶϸϸϸڶʶ
Ҫƿʶ蹬ϸıϣϸʶΪһ塣ϸΪʶģϸʶںϣϸеĵΪʶģɵӵϣʷľΪʯ
֪ʲôţҹδ뻹ǲǺԭԼﵽԲ֮ٲڵȺ飬Ӧò⣬ֻǺķʱĳ̡ڶͻƻ
ڲͬˣһڣǻ䣬λڣԼͻƻʱ仹̣˼һ̧ͷȥһӦ˶ĿƵضԼҹδ˼ϣӦڵ
ģ
ҹδͷ˼ӦʮڴﵽԲ
ģ
ӦˣٶҲûô졣ҹδڰʮҾܹΪʿ
ʮĻʷϾ޽а
ҲǾһ˵ʵЩ˾ڰź£óԼһбҹδ롣ȸͶҲûаʡ
ȸ͵ѾǵԪԲҪĲԴ򡣶Ȼǻ֪ԼڶڣͻƵԪŵİҲҪһܹԿԪġֻҹδȥΪڴҶ֪ҹδǵڶӦһҹδͻ˵ԪſԪ
ҪҹδڶͻƻԪǲʵӦˣҹδ˵ʮܹͻƻǶͻƵԪûлᡣԣ˵ĿⶼӦǶûа취ָֻӦ
Ӧ¶΢ЦͻƵԲ˵ʱһָͻƻ츳ʣټҵָ㣬ͻƻ⡣


672 
ǡ
֪ʲô˼ǻʮ꣬ҿԽҵľ鶼¼֮ڣʱ㿴ַʺˡһгܶ෽϶ʺһ֡
ҹδԴϲ
һѡһطһߴԴȫû⡣صϣҲǸ֮У֮˵̲صĵϾͻɢأΪǸڣȴᱻڴ֮ڡټٱٶصϣĵ϶Һһͻƻ֮󣬱ڵҹƲðʱ䣬ͻﵽԲˣаʱ䣬źܴϣͻƵԪ
ҹδϲͷ
ҹδ͵ԪҲˡӦԪԪһ졣
ӦһЩϵ磬Ԫ֮ϾǺϵֻûʱˣһЩĵö¼úòҲͻƺϵͶԪ
Ȼ֪ԼûɶϣӦ˶ûϵƾ
һ뵽ܹһϵ磬׷׵ͷ
ǣ
ӦֽĿȸ͵죺ҲԪԲˡҲҵĵãʱָǣϣܹڶͻƻԪܹͻƻԪδѹҲͲôˡ
ܹõӦָ㣬ȸ͵ϲлʦ档
Ŀ˶ϣҲָһΣʲô׵ĵʱ򾡹ңҲ㶼ʱġ
ǣлʦ棡
УӦĿȸŵЩܵҶָһΣҲǹۿӦ׶Σҽµ򡣡
ǣʦ棡
Уѡһ˻ϵĿɿ͵ĵӣѰһʱ䣬̳
ǣʦ棡
ǶȥæɣһὫһѧĵ¼ڡ¸£ߴԴ͵һһµʱ䲼һ£ǸָͿ̳
ҹδȥչˣһºͳˡ
֡
ڵʿ֡
ΪߴԴǧ궼ûмģüʱ̣ʿôܷŹ
ҹδվһ֮ͤڣһڵ˷ܵشͤ¾ɽűȥǵ˷ۡ
˵ߴÿŶϽһԴ
ǵȻˣһˡ
ǲζŵĸʥضҪˣ
ǿ϶
̫ˣǵΪ͵ܹٶȣܵ
Ǿǰϲʦˡ
ҹδϸֳϲ֮ɫߴԴŵʵضһԾ
һߴʿӭ˽ȻЦݣдҹδ̫Ϥˣ뵱ڵʿоʱʱֵ̿ߴˡ
ߴڵʿÿ죬ȥҲ졣ֻһʱ䣬Դ֮󣬱Ѹٵ뿪Ҳһ̶Ϊڵʿ̫NɪˡûȳǴǵ񣬶мΪŭ
Ҳš
ҹδǷ΢Цҡҡͷص˶
תһ¹ȥ
һա
ҹδ뱻ӦȥڶУӦҹδҹ⣬Ȼָһ죬һ͸ҹδ룬Ե
δ룬еĵãŲУǵһݣҶԺϵĵáգҿ̳Ҳ
ǣ
ʱҴҹȥһգӦչأҪϵ硣
º䶯
壬Ҳˡ
ɴ֪Ԫ֮ϱΪϵҲ֪һ֣ϵΪ־磬ȴ֪֪ӦڻûȫͻƺϵܹһԪɼϵܡ
ڵĹϵҲʣֻܹŸӵ̬עڡ
ڡ
ɽ
ԭһɽȣʱɽѾʧһɽ壬ɽ֮ϣɴأСﴩڼ䡣
ʵϣɽһþӦһ
ӦĴ£һ߽˻󣬳ǰǸɽȡɽ룬Ӧһҹδ¶֮ɫۿɼܼĵ۶ȥա
ӦڵұչسϵѾȥˣû׺ϵҲ֪ϵҪõʱ䣬꣬ǧʱڣӦûʲôΣҲֻ£˭Ҳ֪᲻⡣
ӦĬһ£ٴοڣŽˡ


673 ֥
ԣڰֵĴ£Ӧֻɤ۶¡
Ӧ߽˴Ȼվڴ룬˵ҰУ廯ΪɢˣֻʣһԴһֱֻۣԴֱҲֽˣΪŨĵȻţȴ£ڴϿշȻ˱꣬Ǳ꾡ǵ
һ˰գڴγһСͺ֮ĵϣһ˿˿ź
ʦ֡
ʦ棡
ҹδϱݡ
ɽѵõİߴڲڣҲûмţûţǽΧڷԲǧ֮ڡȻҪͶȴûнɡû㹻ܵʿž޸ƮƼ
ڷǾٰһοɽͽοɽͽ꣬ںյһЩӡ
֮Ҳ
һһȥҹδͻڣﵽء
һϢҹδ벻òأ´һЩųϡ໥ʩ֮
ȸҹδδ룬㻹֪֥Ϊɣ
ҹδҡͷ
֥һ汦ʷϣֻΣγǵΡ֥ĳûʲôɣ֪û֣Ҳ֪ںεء
˵֥ժģֻܹõ֥¶ҲǴ֥ڵһҺ̬֥¶ܵϵʿΪ˵ܵʿö˷ˣǶԵԪʿһЧֻǶԻԪʿûʲôЧ
ֳ֥ˣֵĵطȻɳĮŵҲǱߴΧȻǳȥΣգȴҲ֮ǰ仰˵ԭʱʱ̿ΣաνǸǣ˭ԸȥɳĮ˭ȥ֥¶ҲȷʵΣա֮У˴Ҳ׷
ɳĮ壬ԲȥҲȥѾԼԪʿȥҲ˵ȥʿΪ߱ǵԪ
ɵԴǰɳĮλ˭ȥһȥȥͰŵš
ֻԵ˭
˵֮⣬˷׷ױʾҪǰʵϵҪǸˣֲϹŰɣ
ҲûǸʱ䣬Ƕڱչоϵء
ˣҲͶеܵʿ˵֮⣬ǰܵһµʿȥ˾֥¶ʿԪȥˡܵһӵģܵһȥʲô
Ϊպ
ҹδ뿪˴ŵȥȻ֥¶һżΣաҪԼ׼һЩҩȻȥǣӦʺԼĵҩŲȱԴһʱǵضʵķԾ
룡
ǵĶ⣬ͿǵĶ֮ʮʿŶӣ˻ʱʿǰ
ڶǰһͯӣ¼
ҹδǸͯǰûпڣǸͯӱ䵭
ȥŶӣ
ҹδҲգûмͯӣͯӲʶҲһ꣬ű仯ܴһֱչأʶѾࡣʶ
ʦܣҹδ롣
ŶӵĶд׷˻ǰǲ𣿡
ڴڵĶⲻģǺǡֿˡ
죡һʿȵ
ôˣɫһ㣬ǱʿСѾ۶Ϊǳпͻܵš
ʦֻ֣һ£αôţʿЦ
ֵһۣλҹʦá
ҹλʦã˴󾪡
ֵͷһӾͰʱ򣬱ǴҴҵ˳ҹδ룬üЦ
ʦ㣬ҿͻƵˡ
ҹδҲɸ̾ǵ츳߽˶
ڲȱԴ˰ɣ
ȱǵѾ츳ʿˡʦˣţһˡ˭ҶȱҵԴ
ֻҪУҵһ󡣡
ҹδͷҲ̫ԴҲȱԴҲûóԭһЩҲҪǾԼš
һЩ˺ͻָĵҩ
ȡ˼ƿݸҹδ룬ҹδֺ˼䣬ȥ
պ
ȸܵɳĮȥ
ȸ鲢ƽʮˣ˵ȫĸ߶ʿˣɳĮһʹ


674 
Ҳûа취Ϊֹʿ֮ġ֥¶ҲǱ֮һ˭ܹõһΣ˵ܹΪһΡҾ˵֥¶ųõЧ
ˣȸڵǼס֥¶һõ̷¡Ϊ֥¶֥֮һʱڣͻʧȥЧúͷˮһ
˷׷׵ͷ
ӳѩʵʦ˼ҵõ֥¶𣿡
ûУȸҡͷһ֥֣һ˶ûг֥¶ֵѾɿֻǴ˵ڶ֥֣һ˻СΪҼǵǸʱʦҲֻ
˽ӳѩһۣȸԵȲҪЩǣǰɳĮ֪ΣĶ
δ룬˵
ҹδ֪ȸԼĿˣֿΪ޹أĴֹۡӪһţɲֻΪܹԵġͱӦʵǿᣬȫԽߴڵĻԪɱˣɱ˶кô
ûкôԱҲ
ҹδ룬˿⡣Ϣ֮󣺡ȥ̲ΣգسҲΣգΣյı֥¶ʱ򡣡
ȸ͵صͷ֥¶ʱΣգ˭ܹ뵽ܹ뵽سҲΣգܲϸ˵˵
ҹδͷ˼Ƭ̣ΣԵģһšʦȻع飬Ǻ԰ڳһֻҪߴںԪ֣˼Ҳöֵ̬ȡԣ˱ߴڴˣʦ˼Ҳ֣ᡣ
ȸиͣΪֻϣȸ죬Һҹδ֪ӦѾˡ˲֪ҹδ˵ҲǶЩʿӦ˼һͨЩ˵ĿڣĽϢȥߴ϶Ӧûˣ½ڵʿˣȸˣӦҲ档˽͡˻ӦѾˡ
ˣھһƽľ档ҹδʦûлǰߴγˡʦˣھŹǰʦʵѾʶʦ˵ҲһȺϡûϵıҪˡˣߴ֮Ҳض
ԣΪĸţ֥¶ĹУ˹ȣʮˣ˵ˡǾǸŻᣬţ岻ŹնɱǵĻᡣͬĵߴеĳţҲ˵ˣҲŹᡣҲŹᡣ
Ȼ˵ˣǰ˴Ҳԥ֣塣
ԣس̵Σղֻš
˵òȸͷǶˣ
˷׷׵ͷҹδ룬Ҳӽδ
ʮ֮
˿ʼŻ߼ʿΪȻͬΪ͵Ҳܵ硣
ڵĸŶڵ̬ȣǾӡ֮ǰ䵭ߵûˣԶЦк
ʵϣҹδЩûʲô⣬Ϊûоűڱɽŵĳ;Ȼ֮ҲڵıѹҲҪߴڣźͺͼ壬ûиܵʲôѹ
ؼʲô;ûСΪҹδݣҶͬݣҶīߣԿĶǱˣĶǱˣߴҲкܶʿСҹδͺ⣬׽Ż߼ʿͷŵ⡣
ʵϣӳѩܵҲҹδ࣬ҲֻеԪͻžǶγ;ʱǣӦӦú˵ʲôȸҲûиЩʿɫҲЦӯӯغЩʿ
ˣǶԽԽӴ󣬺˵ڵʿпž䡣
ҹδ룬žʱҲٱܻ䣬۰Ե¼֮λ֪Ѿǵıʮ˽⣿
ԣֱӾ;һ
δ룬ܻðɣžʵ
ܺãҹδͷЦ
žһҹδļ򣺡֪ᰲ׵
˵һüͷҵŹؽ֮أ֪ܵ顣
ĿȻɨһ۵ЩʿҲǡ
Ҳ£ҹδ
žɫЩÿǵͷͬ
Ų֪£˵ڱǣǶǵļΪأǼΪأˡԣǲܰΪһƷΣʱȥܰԣˣ¸鷳ҹδ룬Ҳδܹÿ˶ȳȥ


675 ӦӰ
ʿҺܿͰӰһжǰ
ʵϣжҪԼıðȫֻвϵԼΪ磬ϵԼڸŵĵλӰỰȨ˲ܹİȫܽԼϣڱ˵ƺͿϡ
˵Ľʶ
δ룬أ
أ磬磬أ
ء
һء
ҹδؿ˴һۣӡУ뵱Ϊ͵ģ³ԼΪߵİɣ
ΪͻƵһأҹδ벻֣欣ԴǶ֣Ϊ㵱ΪߵģһŹĴк͹ඥǴܹһԾأˡ
Լܣ˵ҲܡʲôܣܲẦԼ
δ룬Ӧžصĵλ˰ɣΪ̳ˣ
ţҹδûأŻ𣿡
žЦЦ֮ǰӻԣֻܹоŶԴһųңҾҪŪҡһֿҡԴӦǰŵľ˺ܶ࣬ƺҵˣųҵˡ
ֻҵĸоϿҵĸоҲ˰ɣ
ţͷʵ״ܺ⡣ѾܾûгֻԪʿˣԵſǵǱȻͻǡЩУʲôԹ⣬ŵĴк⡣ܹͻƻԪźʾǻߡǱֻǱΪǵݣԻЩ˾ǽΪŵ鷳˵ѳţŴ˺ŪҲȥΣյӡ
˵ʵ֮ǰУÿ춼ԵǻһžǵΣմ棬ͻŪǡһֱֲ£ǲŻ
ڲͬˡ
Ӧǰˣߴû취ˣһҪ־ڱʱȻ¶ǵҪˡҪҲ㣬ڵĵλԽߡǵİȫҲǿ֮ĹϵעԳΪ˴̸֮Ŧôܷ᣿
ԣŵľ̫ࡣõöʿʣǺǡ
ҹδб˼ȡ
Ϊ֪ӦѾˣϣӦϢ¶֮ǰҺ͸㶼ܹɳ
δ룬Ҫעһˡžһ
˵̫ңҹδΪż̳ˣÿҪĿɲҪעܶ飬ŵҲעһ档
ԣҲ֪žЦЦΪڵļ̳ߣӦǶЩ˽⡣˽Ŀ϶һŵҡǴ˶٣ҲֻһͷȴѾԲ˵һɽԪĿܣ̫ҾɵĿܡ˵ʵֻ̫ҵԤ
ɼʽԪ
ҹδľԼҲûɵİգӦûô˵ֳָһ֣
磬ϣأ
ϣǵڵĵλ̫ͬڵĵλ
Ҳ磡̾ϢһһֱΪţǼϣ֪֮ǿܶࡣŶۣҲϣԪ
ˣ
Ӧǰôۣ
ҹδҡҡͷʦֻ˵ҾͻƵԪûǷܹͻƻԪ
ͻƵԪ̾ϢһҶ֪ܲͻƵԪǻҿҲҪʮҵʱܹͻơ
ҹδ벻ҡͷ̸֮ñ֪¶ᾪȵӵ
ʮͻƻѾ˺òã
˴ͻƵ˵ʮܹ꣬ͻƶǿģòã
ȴ֪ԲϹ˵һŰղô˵ġ治֪款ܹİ
ӦܹžʮҾӦܹͻƻˡ
İ
һܣ򲻿˿϶Ҫ֪ʿëǡ̫ʿһҲ޷ͻƻԼȴ˿϶ԼһԼҲܹ϶ͻƻʱ仹ҪȴһЩΪԼռ䡣
ǶϣҲԲ˰ɣ
ԣ
𣿡
ˣǸǡĿʾ⣬ҹδ㿴˹ȥһļߴŮӣǸŮ˲͸оҹδĿ⣬תͷҹδ룬΢΢ͷҹδҲͷ⣬ǸŮӱתعȥ
磬ĸ̫ң
ǸžĿʾ⡣


676 е֥
ҹδ뿴ȥһ޳ζʿҲоҹδĿ⣬תƵҹδͷ
ҹδܹоΧձƣЩʿƺ֪ҹδںλʶûпǵ˽ЩʿһҹδкеĽǵҲ⡣
⻹ǡһʿһűǿΧǺ˰
Ҳȸлų⣬ҹδ벢ųֽӦҲ˵ߴڱɽţǳߴһԴˡԺ˴֮仹ҪǺԹѾ޹أǺδŵķչйء
֪ӦδΪҪų޴ţĻֻܹŴ
ҹδӦ˼ڵĳޣڵĳ˲һ塣Ľڱߴ𣬾ڽ𣬵յĽڻ
ӦܹܵģȻҲҹδܹܵġԣҹδƽĶԴЩڵʿ
ȸϵصõɳĮϢ֥û¶Ҳżǳأȥһ
Լº˽뵽ɳĮ
ʮϡҹδ붼㲻ף֥䱦ôһѷ֮أ
˴ﵽĿĵءҹδһ
ڰгһ޴ĻúЩá
ìڴʱںһ𡣾ͺھ￴Ƕ仨ûп
ಡ
ʿ֥˹ȥȴ֥һ֥ͬһӰ
ҹδһֹһ磬ѵһͶӰ
֥磿ֻһͶӰ
ȸ͵ؿҹδһۣ˵òڿֻ֥һӰһͶӰĳʱ̽ӣǸʱ֥ͻֳ
Ϊʲôժ֥
Ҳ֪һγ־ҲһˣûʲôأУҲʧˡʱǿԳһ¡
ȥ˴ڵˡҲռһķλߣ˴ڸռһλڰ˴ռݷλ֮䣬Ǹźͼʿ㶼ܵϡ
嶼ûʲôƻҲûʲôˡΪҶ֪ÿֻһ֥¶Ҳ֪һҪã֪ܹٵΡʲô˶ǳ֥¶̫٣ʿ̫ࡣԵʱҾǸƾֶȥƴȥԤǣضдʿ
嶼ûлԪʿһ֥¶ԻԪûЧҪһȴӦûĻԪ˭
ӦĲ嶼Ϊ֥¶᲻ԪЩԪȻʵʵشڼ
ڴҶǳƣʿҪȥ̽Ǹ֥ʿҲֻĿעûвȡʲôжΪҶ֪֥ûг֣ỹûпʼ
ҹδȸȥ
ȥɣȸСһЩ
ţ
ҹδ̧ͷ˰е֥ﻹŲٵʿ̽ʱʿ֥ȻҲʿҡͷ뿪
ҹδ֥ȥ֥Խ㷢֥Խ󣬵֥ҵʱԼǸ֥ͬһֻϡ
֥ϵ¶ˮԼ廹ûһ¶ˮвɾ뵽֥¶һβǸ¶ˮһɣ
ҹδٶȣһؿ֥һ߸ӦΧռı仯ֿʮңҲûи֪ʲô
ҹδ룬һ
ţ
㿴
ҹδ뽫ƽ蹬üѿһƣͬһۡͨǸ濴ȥҹδʵ
֥𣿡

ҹδ뾫һ񣬲ͣףԱøȫ档
֥֥κһ磬ǿ֮Сⷽ󣬶֥¾һЩûбץסԵҲܹɳΪģԼͨ
֥
Ĭ죬ƺڹ۲Ǹ֥֥ӦûûͨҲ˵ûе飬ڵ״̬ΪѾԶ
ʲô״Ϊʲôܹȴﲻԣ
Ϊ粻ͬһ硣֥֮ǿԳһ磬״Ĺ켣ܻܿᷢڵĽ磬ڵĽ磬Լɵһϳһ㣬ϳһʱ򣬱ͨʱ򡣡


677 Ķ
Ϊʲôᷢ״
ӦҪһĵϡҪ֪ǿղֻһ磬ǧ磬ÿһĵϱԴȻͬΪÿһ鲻ͬϻŲͬġЩ֥Ҫղͬĵϣ׳յòͬĵԽ࣬ɳٶҲԽ졣
ǹƽģǶЩ鱦ʹӵ𣬾ͺԼҪĳһĵϣͱĳһ磬ı֥ı֥¶
֥¶ʲôô
˵ôɴˡ
ʲôô
˵ɣ㽫еĹͷӡ֮ҲֻǴﵽ۷壬Բ֪ɣ
ţֻĵȻͷϵĵƻӰ֣ѪȣҪһжıɵŻǴԲ
ʱɲ̣Ȼı䣬ÿʿʲͬԼʮ굽ǧ֮䣬ҲҪʮ꣬ǧꡣ
ҹδͷԼӦʮͿԣƲԼʮӦܹﵽԲ̶ͻƻ
֥¶ȴԴ߻ٰ̣ٱ
ҹδ۾һӾˣԼܹõһ֥¶۷֮һµʱ䣬ͿԴﵽԲ磿
һӽʡ˽ʮʱ䣿
һڿˮҲ˵֥¶ӡûʲôǶĻٰٱЧ
ԣֹڴˡ
У
Чڻ
ڻ
ԣʿʶϸ֮ıϣʶϸΪһ壬γϸΪĵʶУ֥¶𲻵õģǵһ֮󣬱ǵı侫ΪʶḶ֥́¶ͬὫٶٱʱԼʮ굽ǧ֮䡣
ÿʿĵйأƷԽߣתʶٶȾԽ졣ĴԼʮңľҪǧˡԣܶʿͻƻ֮ԪѾǧ꣬ʿĵƷضߣ£һҲǻʿˣͻƵԪԣǾҪѰҸĵرҩʥ̡ĵرУ֥¶ѵıٱٶȡ
öһξܹﵽЧ༸أ
һʿҲܹһΣá
ҹδ֥һ֥¶Чܹ֥ˡ
㡣֮Աǣ֥ûͨҲܹǵġ򲻹ǼˣΪ֡
ôף
Ϊأ
֪֥֥¶ϵֶʿʲôô𣿡
˵Ҳòܲм
ҹδӦҲǺòм̬ȷԼ

ҹδ뾫һ񣺡ʲô
֪֥ⷽĵϣ֥¶𣿡
֪
ͨ

ҹδ̧ͷȥ֥·飬ֻϸĸ
֥ǲȫһģȻǿ󣬵Ҳ̫ΣաһߵĻԪ֣δؾͲܹһ㲿λͨ˵ռ䣬γɳ涴̽뵽һ磬յϡ
̽룿ⲻͰһ統˴أһ֣
ԣ
ҹδ۾һǲлնĸĸʲôЧ
͡Цĸǰſռ֮ģܹռ䣿˵նĸˣҪնռ֮һʿܹġҪնϸͱնĿռܹ֮Ϊʲôһֻеõ֥¶Ĵ˵ȴûеõĴ˵
Ŷ
ҹδЩˣܹնϸ»Ԫʿˡ˵ǻԪҲҼܹնռ֮ǸսҲǷ
ǸʲôЧ
ͻƵԪ
ͻƵԪ
ԣ֪ͻƵԪ𣿡
˽⣬Ҳֻ֪ûϸȥ˽⡣
ΪʿνԪǴ֮ʼһԪ֮ʼԪǸı䵤õΪһԪ֮ʼΪԪһﻯΪԪ֮أɵھתΪڽ뵤󣬱ᱻתɵԪ֮Ԫսʱ򣬵籡ľԪֱرԴˣǽȡΰٶȼ죬Ҳ󡣡
֥ĸҲ֥һԪ֮ʼ֥ҲǴѿʼĸͻƵԪ͵ԪЧͻƵԪûƿҵԪҲٰٱ
ҹδĶˣĶˡ


678 
а취õ𣿡
ҲûУƵ
ҹδдϲ
ҿԡ
ҹδеת˵ɣʲô
ҵܼ򵥣㻯ҽǿգȥռ¶ҲΪҷ񡣵õ¶Ҷ԰֡¶ͻƻԪŸ
УʹӦ˰
ĬȻƬ̣ҰõһظӦþͻ˯Ҫٴѣ£Ҫꡣ¶ȴܹѵʱ䡣
ҹδˣǺԼõ֥֮󣬼˯ˣ㲻ȥǿˡǣ֣ص
ģҹδӦ飬ضͻƻȥǿգѰ¶
ǿղƽͣⷽΣոһὫ¶һУѰ¶Ѿ֪ǿΣϸ㡣Ҫףڳ˯ȥǿգûҵİĿԼ󡣡
ҹδһȻЦĶûΣգǿҪȥģģһȥķǿ̫ΣաӦԲˣһΪ֮ȥԡģһ᲻ϵȥԡˣҲһ˰ˡ
ãҰһϴ͸㡣
ҹδŵȥϵʿŹֵؿҹδһۣǲףҹδϿУԾȥ֥̽ģôǰԶԶؿһͻˣ
δ룬ôʵ
Զ뿴ͺáܲɵƵش󡣡
ҹδûп⽵ԼԴʿˡһ̧ͷſȥȻŲٵʿȻ֥ȥеʿ֥ץȥȻʹ֥Ӱһ
ɵӣ
ҹδ۾ʼɡ
һӴѶϢ͵ҹδʶ֮УҹδɴϥʼĶЩǿյΣգ¶ܵĵطͼ
һһҹҹδŽЩѶϢĶϣûо壬˷ܡ
ǿǼΣգǿյ͹ҹδ롣һµ磬µԾԾԡ
һҹδ뽫ԼļȻʼ˼ȥ֥¶͸Σա
ǵģ
Ҫ֥¶ҲҪбضżȵΣա
ҹδ롣ȥĹУΣԻСΪ֣Ҳûʿ뵽˴⣬֥Ҳ뵽ʼһ䣺
ζȥ
ʱѡһϸģֵҧϡ
ҧ
ԣʱ㿿һϸĸȻһھҧˡ
ʱã
ܿ죬һҧ˲Ϣ֮䡣
ҧ֥֮ʲôӦҧʱ򣬻᲻ᱻʿ֣
ʿ϶ְᷢҧ֮ϸĸҲ֥񱩡߾裬ĵϣֱ뿪ˡ
ˣҧϸҪڶȥ֥¶֮ˡ
Ȼ֥յϣʮ졣ÿһ֥¶ԣһ֥¶̷ΣУҲǺܴ󡣱Ͼ֥¶Щʿ׷ɱ㡣Ƕ˸͵·ˡ
ҹδϸϸ˼
Σա
һΣձ֥¶
ʵ£֥¶ƾԺͻһϾǴ۷壬Ҳ൱ڻ۷塣ȴ޷͵Ԫġ׷ɱȻֻʮֶݵһ˲Ҳ֪ԼǵԪĶ֡ԣԪʿѾˣԪԼԪһʽ
ʵҹδҲԼ֥¶ųûʲôᣬЩԪһԼ룬ЩԪɢܣҲԼֵܹģԼǻһܡ
ʣµһɻأ
Ǿ͵ÿҲǿҹδûм©Ǹ
Ǹ֥¶һӾͱĳһԪߣضһսһ֥¶ڻս֮бĴɣһɵҹδǰǾҹδĻᡣȫ
֥ףΪûʿ뵽ǿ֮ȴһˡ
ȸǣֻãǿһ֥¶Լ̷廹ʿӦöҹδ֡ϾʮŵΣҹδһΣҹδ붼ѾˣǰҹδץˣɱˣȻȡ֥¶ԵԪľֻܹҪȡļʱĹˣǾͲӦ׷ɱǣ
ԣһã֥¶ûΣա֥¶ĸͲһˡ


679 
û˴֥¶õҲû֪ʲôô֥¶ܹͻżĸƨ룬ǸĺôҲ졣ҲԵԪкôԻԪкô
壬壬ܾûгֻԪˣһ϶ʵҲض϶ǸſܰʿԪЩԪˣ
ӦڣҲ岻סǡǱضץҹδ룬ȡ֥¶ĸҹδ뽫ˣҲɱҹδ룬ȡЧԣףѡǸʱ򣬱˵ȸˣӦڣҲᷢ衣ҹδȸǣΨһĽȸǱɱЩǰʿȫû
ԣֻԼӣЩ˱㲻ȸǣץץԼ
֥¶ڵǣԼ˸֮ôӣ
ƾԼʵӲôԪءߣ̫ѵԪˡ
ԼҪߣôأ
ҹδȥҲֻһ취
ǾǴŲƷ
ŲƷĺôԶ׼һŴŲƷ˲Ϣ֮䣬ʿŲƵǧ֮⣬ǵԪҪԽǧҲҪϢʱ䣬һŴŲƷȴֻҪϢʱ䡣ȱҲԣǱǴŲƷڴռʱȻ¿ռ䲨͸׷ʿ˷򡣻һΪεȱ㣬ǴŲƷĴģûзģʹôŲƷˣҲ֪Լᱻ͵
ѾҹδܹѰ취ˡڴΪ磬ȻܹŲƷͻƴ֮ҲŲƷֻȷԼɹ֮󣬱ûָֻţԶ׼ǲġʱ䣬
ҹδ۷ḻҲ֪ԼߴڵжҲд̣ԸԼ׼װܷḻӴָȡһ̣̣Լ֮С
̾߱͸ЧܶʿҹδľٶҲ̸Ѿҹδ롣Ȼ֣ȴҲû⣬֥¶ûг֡ȸҲ棬ȴûѰҹδ뱣롣
УҹδȡƷߣʼŲƷ
һһһţҹδ벻߲ݵؿʼһȥҹδĴŲƷԽԽࡣʮȥҹδһٶʮһŴŲƷԭţѾһٶʮŴŲƷ֪󷨣ҹδͣȸ󷨣ҹδ룬㽫󷨴һŻʾȸȸɫ΢Ȼ˽ҹδֹر󷨡
δ룬֥¶ˡЩæʲô
ҹδ׼֪ȸһ˸ܣҲҪʿ׼һ׼㣬˼ҹδҲв
Ҫʱ䣿ҹδʵ
ģ֮ڣضʼ֥¶
ҹδͷʱ䣬ʱ佫Լ״̬ѡ
㻹ǵɣ
Ǹǵãʦ治Ǹ𣿡
ţһ
ʲôȸȻȻּæӦڣһ
ô֪
Ϊˡ
ȸĺˣҿ
ҹδһüкҹδ
ڴҺθɣ
ҹδһΣȸȴȻ飬̫ˣ
ȸɫƽҹδſڵңҧһ֥ĸȻǺϸ֡
ʲôȸּˣμʱʮϢ侲֮󣬷ϸֳǣ
ʲôô
ʿͻƵԪ
ֻ
ţ
Ҳ˵¸ͻƵԪûƿ
ԣĵԪҲ˵ͻƵԪԪԲٶȺܿ졣
ȸĬü֮죬³һ
δ룬Ƿɡ
Ϊʲôҹδ벻⡣
Ӳġ츳ԣͻƵԪ飬֥¶Ҳֻǽʱ̣ǲðգҪ֪յĽ
ҹδҡҡͷҶûаգһܹͻƵԪܹͻƵԪڶڣӦûʲôϣ
ҹδĻȸĬҹδ˼Ͻ½䡣ҹδͻ٣ǸʱӦҲǻ˲ǻԲ޿ͻƵԪ
ˣھû˻ԪӦ겻ҲߴںɣȻڣڰ̽ɱ⣬һ̽ʵȷӦˡ
Ǹʱʲôֵߴں壿


680 ֥
ԼûڶͻƻԪڽûһԪҹδͻƵԪǾͲһˡҹδܵɱɱҹδͻƵԪӦҲܹͻԪһ
ҹδٴ𣺡ЩһٶŴŲƷ
ҹδԣȸɫˣ֪ҹδѾҪˣæֵ
δ룬²顭
Եˣ㲻С֥ĸˡֻǵģ˸ͨŲƷߣǻ᲻ǣ
ǵǲᡣҪ֥ĸ㶼ˣ׷Ҳ׷㣬ֻҪǲҲûбҪΪǡϾǲ֪ʦ桭װɣ
Ǿͺãҹδһ
δ룬顭
ֻԵضҪһģǻߣҵʵúܿ죬Ҳϣˣˡ
ȸһ֪̾ҹδѾ⣬ԼϣԼҲᲫһѡ±صصͷ
׼ʲôʱ֣
ǵǲſûм©ܹõһ֥¶á
ȸͷʱҿûлᣬ֥¶ķ򡣡
л
ȸصҹδļ򣺡סʲôҲûҪԼСġ
ţҲСġҵʱ̼ŲƷߣǲعңԼ
ȸҪſڣҹδֵһ룬ʵҲﲻʲôæʱкܶԪ׷ɱңסһҲ޲ҪѵеĵԪһһνʧ
ȸɫܲÿҲ֪ҹδ˵öԣضεصͷ
ȸ뿪̣ҹδһ죬Լ״ָ̬۷壬̡
ʱ˵Ŀⶼעڿе֥ϣû˹עҹδ롣֮ڵ֥¶û˵죬Ҳһ죬죬ʱῪʼ
ҹδҲĿ֥֥ø·Ѿһһ㡣ʿֻǶ֥ûʲôĿԣҹδĿԣüĿһֻۣͨ
ڵһʺϣһҪ죬һ¾ҧϵ֡
ڹۿҹδҲڹۿ
ǸģٸҹδѰϸһ
Ǳߣ㿴һϸġ
ҹδ뽫ĿǱߣ׾ͿǸΪǸϸĸӤ첲ֻ֣ǸֻӤСָ֡
ҼסˡǱߣе鷳ʱ
ȷĸҹδûʵȥ֥¶ʱÿ׼ʱվȻᡣ
ֹȥʱͻȻٸһ䶯Խ˿ռ䣬ҹδһ磬̸о·һĵ϶ڷ߻ۣǵ϶ǵҰ¶мͬӣЩȥٸա
ҹδĿЩϣȻЩ˸һâһ·һ͸Ĺڣҹδ֪Ǹ͸ĹӾǿռ֮
ಡ
ʱ򣬱мԪʿ֥ȥͬʱУŸȥҹδҲĿһЩʿͬʱҲһݣЩʿҲǲҪõԼһõضӭеԪ׷ɱ
䡭
޴ĺ֮Щǿռ֮ʮһ˿𵴶ûУ·ûܹһ㡣ȸĿ۲
ʿĹռ֮תˡ
ҹδһԪĹνǿ󣬼ǿռ֮Ҳܹն飬ȴ·ûܵһ㣬ԭǱռ֮ԪĹתƵˡӦҲ֥һֱܰɣôܴռ䣬٣յϣ
вɵ𣿡
ҧϸû⣬ҵͨҲпռԡұʮּӲ˲һҧ֥ҲӦ
ҹδͷʱЩʿҲ˿ϸͷһȫעȴ֥¶ĵ䡣
һȾʮʱ֥ϵһ¶˶֥¶ڵĹУʼռ䣬ڴĹУѸٵرСڴռĹУ֥¶Ҳž޴ġеʿŵĻǵԪΪǲǻڴܵ¿ֵһЩȻҲм©ֻҲ֪Լͣľƽࡣ


681 
һ֥¶ԽռҲףϵСѵʱҲдԼһӵʱ䣬ڴӿеȴֻʣĴָС
ಡ
еʿֻη
Ԫʿֱӱ֥¶ȥʿڵڶȦʱƶΣѰѵĽǶȣһǵ֥¶ڱĹз˹ȦȦܵ˼ͻһ˭Ҫһ֥¶ԽüȦӣ䵽ܵǱߣܣ䵽ǸȦӣҲܡҲǾĵԪĻȦӲһܡ
˲ͱòңȻҹδһһ֥¶ôױģ˭һ֥¶ᱻĵԪΧһ֥¶ҲͣرڿҷɣȴҲʼڵԪǸȦȥҹδǸ֥¶ҲʮָȤ֥¶һҺ壬ǾȻԪȥҲû飬һģ
Ӳ֥¶ܳԣ
վڵȦУҲȺУĿɨӣʵ
ʿжʮһȸɽںͺɽҲֻһԪҲΪɽںͺɽֻǵԪҲֻôһԪڲɽںͺɽǾشĴ
ƽҲֻһԪǵƽԪһһԪҲˡǴȴĸԪԪʱԪ໥ϣһ˿ơԪԪƱȴ»󣬵ĻڣʮһԪһԪռƲһĴ
ʮԪȴʮŵЩҲֻôһԪһ̱ήš
֥¶ջ̫ˣ˭һΣžͼضһԲʱ仹̰ٱʱ䡣һŶһԲڰ˴ҲһԲݺӵĸ߲
ʮĵԪʮ˸Ԫ
ԣʮ˸Ԫƴ
Ҳ˶ƴȸͲǣҹδ뿴Цˡ
ȸһҵģͲҲ룬Χתƣ˭Ҫǿǵ֥¶ֹ̹Էߴ֥¶ʱһսôһҵģͻȻֹһ£ֻһ˿˲䣬ԪҲ͸ˣﻹжȥĻ᣿
ԣĵԪȸ޵ȴ־ҪôһҵģܹԼûеõ֥¶֮ǰҲñ˵õ
ҹδһʱˣ㽫ĿɨǸȦӣȦͶˡҪ֪вٵŸˣҪΪһţűһʿſǲ٣ڴ˵صĻʿѾ١
ҹδʱڵȦӣʿ͸ˣ͸˵ܵȦˡ
ҹδ룬ԼߣҪ©̫ˣ©ҲҪȥǸȦӡڴ㶯ˡһ˼ʿĿ⣬ȻǾͿҹδ뵽˻ʿȦӡЩʿҹδһۣҲû˵ʲôһҲҹδʵսʱ򣬴Ҷʵһ棬ҶǼ©ģ©ûзɹʲôɴģ
ȻҪҲҹδʵǳϣ֪һĲҹδ룬ҪǱҹһĹȥˡ
ҹδվԼŵߣҹδͷȻֽŵעսš
˴ԼһʱȻûеԪҲеԪˣһ֥¶ȻȥˡǱҲûжˣϾʱҲΪսΪ֥¶һȥʲô˵ģ
͸ˣµĵԪȸһ䣺
ûʵʲôң
⣡ȸֺǺǣôµĵԪɫһڡ
˾ôţһȥһε֥¶ᣬߵΣΣζߴȥģȸһҲûɫҲЩڡʵϣھôһԪҲȸҲ׼ǲ
˵ʮ죬ֿʼˡ
ҹδʵʵشߣǱ߼ʮԪɱɱˣȻûеԪ䣬еĵԪƺأѾò˳ˡ
ȸȵһᣬһ֥¶ڻҵСȸͬʱĸԪҲھȸԶʱҲȸ˹ȥȸһ֥¶˹ȥĵͨѾҪϡȸͻȻһ˦һ֥¶ͬһҹδ뼤ȥͬʱȻ𣬶ĵͨ


682 ̽
еĵԪһ㣬ǿôõĻᣬȸƴˣҲȥһ֥¶ôҲ뵽ȸȻˡ
ѵҵģ
ȻǾͿһӰѾһ֥¶ĸǰ
ʵϣҹδڿȸǸ֥¶ʱ򣬾ͳ˳ȥȸȥǸ֥¶ΪֻһԪû˺ϣ¾ˣ˲䣬ضӭʮԪʿĹȸˡ
ؼǣȸõǵ֥¶Ҳûã˶ûôܵȥôǵ֥¶ڵԪûǸᡣ
ԣҹδϵس˳ȥȸڳǵ֥¶ʱ򣬱ضעԼߣԼûзӦ˷ξѵĻᡣԣҹδ벻ȥˣһǰ
Ȼȸڳǵ֥¶˲䣬Ҳֳһʯעߣҹδ뾹Ȼǰ˳бǸпδѡ
ҡ
ڿŵɵƵġ
ٶ̫죡
֥¶ҹδ뼤䣬ҹδҲ֥¶䣬̵ʱ;룬˵Ŀ⼱תȥǼ֥¶ʱ򣬲źȻ֣ҹδѾǸ֥¶ĸǰҹδ̧һץ־˿Уαŵͬһ㸩ȥ
ʮĵ֥¶ˣһ֥¶ڵһʱ䱻ҹδҲû滹ô࣬ûбҪĻս
ȸЦݵĻˣҹδļ򣺡
ҹδȸ֣ҲЦݣл
ȸͷȻתͷǳһɵƵġ
жҹδ
Ӧ̫ˣж̫ˣҲ̫ˡ
ǿӭżʮԪȥ
ʱĻʿȴĿ˸ǿҹδĳɹȻҹδܹɹԼᣬҲɹ
ҿЩʿķӦɿЦһμ©ɲˡ
ȸȴûдңڴҹδôʲôо
ΧʿҲҹδ۾ԼϢ֮۾
һ֥¶ֳ֣һ˹һ˵ʲôЧûֳ
ţȸͷǵõ۷壬ܹЧ
ҹδһ֥¶һĿѾɣ֥ڻż˺ܶࡣ
ļ죬վŻߣûлΪټ©һȸЩԪͻҲ뷨һ죬һ֥¶һԪ˳ȥڵ۾ˡವؾͳ˳ȥȴҹδһ
ȥ
һ㣬ܵͣͷҹδ룬ҹδ
̫ԶѾǵ©ˡ
䡭
ǱߵĻʿûҹδ뷴Ӧô죬ǰǵ֥¶ȥԱγ˼õ
ԪҲֻܹһ˿Ļᣬһ˿ղסԪĹѾˣͰǼˡöɴһ
Ǳ֥¶ǾͲҪˡҹδͷ
ֹȥʮ죬ɣڼһ©Ҽ©ǶңҲǵھͳȥ֮ûôõĻˣΪ©ȸ˲ˣ˳ᡣ
ȻȸȥˣڻϾûʲôˡҹδҲͲ֥¶ˣʼ˼֥ϡ
Ҫ֥¶ͱ֥¶ʱΪǸʱʿעģǸʱŻҹδлߡڵȴʱҹδֻҪɵУضʿĹעôҧôӣ
ǣͻȻؾͷɵ֥ԱߣҲУ̫ͬʿĹעҹδ룬ڴҸոһ֮Ÿ߿е֥ȥ
ȻһɣʿĹעʿĿⶼҹδϣҹδҪʲô
Ǹ֥ǳһɽٸԽؿռ䣬һ磬չⷽĵϣٸ˷Բ
ʿҰУҹδɵ˸ΧΧŸķԲתȦʱָȥһ¸
еʿЦˣǿˣҹδҪԼܲҵȡĻᡣ
ôܣ
ԪԹˣһȡһڸ
ƨأ
һ֥¶ķλ֥룬ҲǷԲ룬ԵЩԪʼʱҹδΧǸ֥תȦҪľЩʿϰԼΪٹעԼ


683 
ֹȥʮ죬֥¶ֻʣλûеˣ˵ĵԪͲ˵ˣǵԪ߸߸ŵ߸һӾ͵䵽ˡ
ѾϰҹδΧǸ֥תˡ˲ٵļȸҲֻЦЩûвȫˣѾָ˰˳ɡȴԽԽǣ֥¶ԽԽ٣֪ҹδ붯ֵӲԶˡ
һ֥¶
䡭
ҵ˲죬˲䣬ҹδͬʱһŴŲƷ
ڱ˳ۣһ˾ͻһŴ졣
ꡭ
ҧһСֵָĸһ̫ˣһ̣·ձҧһһ㣬һӾʿĿ⣬֥¶ĵԪΪ֮һ٣ѰĵطȥÿҧһڸҲ˲黯ҹδ룬ǿҹδеһĨΡ
Ҳû뵽ô
ҹδʧˣŲƷˡ
ЩԪʿ˴ȻͷˣҲ˲֥¶ˡ֥¶õˣҲǸԼԣǳҲûЧǸһžųɿ϶Ǹһкô⻹ʲô֥¶

ûʿȥԼֲûгԹΨһõĻɱҹδᱦ
ʮԪʧˣȻҹδôŲƷ˲Ųˣǿռ˲Ĺ켣Ԫȫܹ׽ֹ켣ģʮԪЩ˵ĵԪѭŹ켣׷˹ȥ
ǡ
һԪû뿪Ǿȸ
ҹδѾ̸ˣҲ֪Լ׷ȥҲûáֻܹҹδ˳ߡҲ֪ԺСϾǼʮԪ׷ɱһ뵽ҹδ뵱ʱļᶨ֮ǰŴӹߴڵ׷ɱŴδ漣ҲⱧϣ

ҵΧ˹ʱǻûдȫӦҹδ뾹Ȼܹᵽһ֥¶ҹδô죬ôԪôӣ
ȸһδǾͲҪˡ
̧ͷ˿е֥Ǿ֥¶
䣬ͷչȭͷһ֥¶ȴǷЩԪ˲䶼ȥ׷ҹδˣ˲ǿ֥¶ˣԪһץ˹ݸߵһ
˰ɡ
ǸԪȴҡͷѾǻˣҳЩ˷ѣһʦܳ԰ɡ
ȸͷҲȷʵˡҪ֪֥¶ǶͻٵЧʣһãȷġȸ㽫Ǹ֥¶һȻЦ
ֻһԪֻҪЩԪһ죬ھܹõһ֥¶
ҪǷƽʱЩʿֵñҲֻǣǿЦЦǵжڵҹδ롣
ҹδ˲Ϣ֮䣬Ѿǧ֮¶Σ¶ε˲䣬㻷ܣȷûΣգ̴ӴȡʯȻȡŴŲƷֱʯԼϣͬʱ
ҹδٴʧˣԼϢңʮԪˣȻǱ㶼üͷĸĲǴŲƷĿռ䲨ʮԪһƻͬʱҲһݣ˵ҹδ׼ŲƷ׼˲١
ô죿
ֻܹˣܶ׷һǸոԵжϣֱ׷ĸ
Ϣ֮ʮԪӿгֳ֣ĸķʮʿΣֳַĸĸʿȥҹδߵķϢ֮ĸʿɫʮѿΪĸĲĸʿҲ̸ͣԱһ
Ϣ֮һԪɫؿĸķѡһ׷ȥ׷ķ򲢲ҹδߵķ
ǧ֮⣬ҹδͷŲƷʧԭء֪ʱѾûеԪ׷ͷĴδŲƷм㣬ԼӦûеԪʿ׷ɱˣǲģȡŴŲƷֻûԼͷţǷֱĿʯϣĿʯŲߣԼһӶȥ
ҹδһ£׷ɱԼĵԪ˼ηֱӦʹԼķ򣬾ÿϢʱ䣬ԼĲԣٷҲδܹȷʣµĸȷģ˱ֻԼȡʱ䡣ȵҵȷķĸѡҹδãԼٽһʱʱ䡣
Լֻŵ汼ӣȻٶһЩȴ¿ռĲҵյĵص㣬ȴҲ޷жԼǸˡ


684 Ǳ
ʱûпռ䲨ָˣ֮ǧԼźܴĿߡ
һ߱ӣһĴȻ֪Լʲôطˡ
ҹδԴɽ磬Ǽûţ㼣鲼ɽ磬ܿϳʲôط
Ȼܵ˵ھŹڣһ
ν򣬱츳ܹʿˣžͱˣǣǼҲκԴԣЩ˾ͻѷ֮أǧγķ򣬷˵ѾԶʿЩǷˣǵĺδصķˡԣڷҲɷ磬һԼĺ츳ȥĳ壬ڸкܶźͼҲڴ㣬ѡ츳ĵӡ
ʱҹδڵĵطԶһǣ˼ɳǡǳطǳһƬһǳأǳԷΪųɶǷˣֻһߡһеһһЩĵʿپյĵӣҹδһʼıԼòòıĺܳףһӵģͨȺﶼҲ֣Ӵָȡһ·ϣݹ߷װʮȫȻĲ㣬ŷ¶֮ڱһȫķˡ
˼ɳǡ
ҹδ˽ȥһߣһ߲鿴ԼĴ̫ԴҲнΪҲһֲϡַ򣬻ԽΪȻҲʯԴǶϲ㱦
ҹδ뽫ָʹս˷ʱҲһ˿ߵĺۼһŽֵߣһ´һߺͨ
Ǹʲôã
ֱӳ˾С
ھܳ𣿡
Уõ㻯Բ
һڸ𣿡
ɣҾҧģӦùˡδ룬ҲˣҪ˯ˣǸҵĵһռڴţʧЧʱԼȡͺˡɴӦˣȵ˻Ҫȥǿգ¶
ģһԼȳ׷
ã
˳˯
ҹδŽֵߣʱؽһ̣ʱһ¥ҵһƵĹܳԹסһ»һӡ֮ԹǮô٣ΪҹδҪԼһԵķ䡣ǸСֻܹһŴҹδ˵Ҳ㹻ˡ
ƣҹδ֣Ͼδ֮ʱɹָĹоеơ¥ƹҲǿҹδŴӦҹδ̱Ͷ˹ڿҿңֿſ죬̬Ȼáƹʮ⡣
һʱȥҹδ벢ûи֪ΣգûзԼҲ̫ģԼһĻЩԪӦòҵЩԪҲΪҵʹɱ䡣
ʿ֮ʿͬĹΪʿǴӷɱˣǻȥʿĸɽķŭԼǵԪҲôȥҹδľųΣաʣµһΣվ̲顣
ǣǧ˿ڣЩʿҲһ̲飬ҹδ뼸ûʲôΣգֻҪԼ¶Ҳ˵ܹ
Ҳҹδ뽹ǵĵطڵʱܽȣֻжԪÿһ˵ǳ
ΪҲֻܹ͡
ְʱеԪˣʶɨǣرЩŮӡ˼ɳȻ˿Ȼ࣬ǶڵԪʿ˵ʶɨһ飬ҲǼϢʱ䡣ԣϢ֮ǸԪʧˡ
ԪҲ֪ҹδ뾿ӵֻ壬ʶɨһ¡һ֮󣬱㲻ϵسֵԪʿϵɨ˼ɳǣȻ뿪˼ɳڵ˶սս
ҹδʵʵصһµĻƣÿҲһķһ㡣һ¹ȥѾʮûеԪʿˣҹδʼжһֱȥûôʱ䡣
ҲҾô뿪ЩԪԲݣ˵ʱѾʿʼ̺ʽˡҪ뿪ҵһ԰ȫķ
ҹδ뿪˼ɳ˵¥һϢ֮أһµĻƣҹδ˲ٵϢϸļƻ
һա
ҹδȥ˻ƵĹȻ˼ɳǵĹ㳡ϣʱװѾˣһ˼ɳʿʿװһȴû
㳡кܶˣеǴ徳еͨٲֿȴʮϡ٣˻һҲûС


685 Ǳ
һԷӶ֮أÿ춼˱һЩ̶ӣǰĳǳءҹδˣҪһڵĶУ뿪˼ɳǡҪԼ뿪ȫ̫ࡣ
һ˱ߣҹδ뻹û뿪еǿҹδ徳еҹδûȥĵطջҪ뿪ȷĵصһǳأǡʱ֣ҹδһ̶ӣ̶ѡʮˣһҩ̶ǰǡ
ʮһʮͨʣµʮǴ徳ҹδͻʮ徳˼ɳǳȥ
ûʲôǴͻʮ󳵣ÿ󳵶һһƣҲˣҲΪֻǲߣߵһҲֻʮ󳵵ΧҹδЩʮˣÿ˶һƥ
˳ſڣҹδ뿴ڳſżʿһǰ˼ɳǵʱûмġԶ׼ЩԪĶĿǼʿʶɨÿһˣֱҹδ߳˳ţһ
һ죬ҹδʵʵظ̶ߣ˵ڶ죬ҹδ㿪ʼ֮壬ⲻһ˿¶ķѾɣһ뵽ԲܹʼͻƷ񾳽硣ȴüо֮塣
˽һ£ҲûκΣգȫȫ˻ǡҹδ벻ܱô㣬Լĳͣȥ˻ǵĹ㳡ֽһڵĻǰһǳء
徳ڱ棬Ͳεġĳ٣ᱻΪǿ˺ȥָʹǡӪʱ򣬿տǴ徳ʿȥɣҹδҲƲȥĲҲᣬһڴ徳ʿ֮䡣
һαڣٵģձҹδЩڸˣҲһ徳徳ˡ֮һ·ͨﵽĿĵء
ҹδֿʼ˵αڣŷıԵĿʱѾȥ£ֶҹδ˵ƽóУҹδڷ֮򣬽رƽ˴ԲַһȫĵĽܿ졣ϲķ֣Ǹ֥¶Ȼ˸Чµʱ䣬ܹƽԲҪء
ҹδҲͻȻ֥¶Ȼܹͻٶȣһǰٱٶȣôܶûи
ҹδʮ˷ܣҲԼ뿪Լķܹ֮ԲǸʱԼܹͻƷ񡣷񾳽磬൱ڵԪ硣Ǹʱ򣬼ԼԪҲһս֮ˡ
λ͵ǿʯ˵󣬶ұʿȻҲʮʵȴͬˡͨʮʣµĲҹδЩ徳һߵһϿȿڣΪ׵ǸʿȻ
Сģﾭ١
˶Ӧһ׷ȡ˱ҹδҲγ˳Уһŵģ
ҹδ֪Ĳǻۡ
һϮʿﳤȥԲеĻ롣ֻҪˣһ֣ߵı£Ϣܿʹ˵ԪԵԪʵܿͻ׷ɱԼĸǰϴΪԼôŲƷܵĹУɱŲƵ˷ֱӰԼӵ˵Ԫĸǰأ
ŲƷĴͷûһ׼ܿܰԼӵΣյĵطԼϴѾĽˣܹŲƷˡԣһ·ǱֵйоءֵòǿҲܷһ徳ͨʿο²ˣü両Žǡ
ΪٵĽٷ˲࣬ʵǿʵԱȣԼˡ
Լ취һߣһ¶һʵٷɱ߸ܡ
ܿͷ취֮ԻڱڵĶ棬Ϊ˲ۡһ˶ߣкܶ鷳ΣաԼǿʿִԼԼҪ¶ʵնɱԷѲԼʿҲỳԼһ徳ʿĵһߣ
ҹδĿ˱ֻնɱٷˣסһˣ˲ܹڶС
Ŀ⿪ʼѰԼԷԼʮԷʮԼʮͨԷжʮڴ徳ȶԷٵøࡣҲҪԼڵһʱ䣬Լû֮ǰȸɵ棬ҵԵȡ
ҹδһ侲ˣϸϸǿԣոоҲδزУҲ¶Լʵ


686 
徳ûƾֻԼǵͨϾͿˣͲͬˣͷųҲǿȥϾֻͷųҹδľ۽磬Ȼܹһ۾ͿԷ
ȻٶȣɱҲᱩ¶һ˿˾ͿƵԼڽźϣҲ̫Ļɡס֧飬֧쵽ĿĵأԼͻ뿪뵽һС
ȻҹδҲɵһ׼ܹøεֶɱԷɣȻҲáʱѾȻָȡָϣȻգȡһذףС
ʱ˫Ѿ̸ٷѾɱ˹Է߸ڵǸҲһ˱γĵľ档׽ɱٷΧߵһ
ʣµıڣ϶һжʮǱֻǸոս֣Ѿˡ

ҹδ볤裬ɵصֵ徳Ĺβϵƶһɱ˹ȥңǵ⽣Ӱҽײһ
͡
֮Уҹδ붸Ȼһһذͬһһٷ˵ԺȥǸٷڼУǱذ׵ٶ̫죬ȵ֪Ѿ۵һǱذѾĺԡ
ۣ
ıһ̽˽ٷ˵ţɫϲγ˳ʬ˵ǰɫһ䣬ǸٷԺذס֪ٷ˲ԼɱǱ˷ذɱ
˭
ĿĹˡ
ۡ
ҹδѾնɱ˼лԼٷˣٷ˿ǿԼַذȻȻ̤ǰһٷˡ
ǸڴʱҲ˲Ѱ˭ذӰһԾɱһٷˣ˳ΪĶģϣҹδ
͡
ҹδһذ˳ȥһĽٷӦԵҹδľٶȴһٷ˿һ
ӵذף
ȻŴ󵶣ҹδ˹ҹδ볤һӣǸ徳ٷҹδĳȴҹδٶȣҹδһƺԵڵϡ
͡
ǸĽٷѾ˹ҹδ뻹֮ң㳤ÿһƵҹδ벻ϵܣ̳ǳǡôشеıǵ˲
˾ܹҹδȫ·磬Ϊҹδ޷ͷŵ򲻵ԷҪ򵽶ԷӽԷǶԷݺᣬûнӽĻᣬʹҹδǱӴܡ
ǣʱĲ棬ȴǱռϷ磬ĸٷȴֻ
ǸҲɵ֪ɱٶҲûãһٷ˳˹ȥҪԼ˼лٶɱԷֻҪԷɱʣµЩٷ˾һɢˡ
ȴٷ˵ͷ췢һɲ÷жԼôߡͿˣԼҲûϣʤһ̱ĸǸΧȥǱȿҲûʵͷŵĸΧȴҲﻹ
ҹδ뻷ܣսʼذնɱܹ֮һӵʱ䣬Լ߶ʮߴ徳Ѿնɱʮ߸ֻʣʮͨҲնɱʣ߸ʮڿ֧֣ȴҲˡԷȴһ١
ʱнٷԼ˹׼ΧԼ
ҹδڣذף֪֮ǰİ취Ҫɱһˡʣµ˷
͡
ҹδһ֣һһȥںǸٷɱıҲȻǸٷзҡƴˣҲˣͬʱһ˼ذס
ĿȻһǱذͻȻֿȴһذס

һذףȴһذ״ءȴͷסһʱһߴ˽ȥȴǺɱǸڣûзŹҹδȡĻᡣ
ת˲֮䣬ٷ˵ʣǸٷͷؿҹδһۣһŽٷ˺Хȥ
һ֧ڵʱӳҫʮ˾ʣ˲ʮôһ򣬾˶ʮɫʮѿȴ¡ҹδŷذֶΣ䲻ɱָԼĵˣԼ׽ᣬɱĶ֣һξȫûˡ
ˡ


687 ߳
Ըһ䣬ҹδ˹Ժлҹδ֣ǰΪ
лֵܡ
ҹδڰֻ֣ǵСˡ
ҫҹδļ򣺡һͶ̸ıٲˡ
л֡ҹδ¶˲õЦݡ

ҹδһ·շתʮڶ飬ڰȫ˷ıԵһС򣬽ǰһӣӿǧףӣ뿪˷
˵֣źܴĲͬߵʮϡǶɹӣǱߵŨȾͱŨֻһ֮ȴ硣
ӾͽӣԢһ硣
Ӳ壬ܷ٣ҲΪҪɹӣȥɽ紳һ˼ûмġ
ڷĴڣҲŻ߼Ϊ츳ĵӡ츳ˣѾϷˡһˣʣ츳һ㣬һʱ䣬շˡǽӴˣôܾô
ԣÿ궼в˻飬ԶɹӣȥɽѰһԵ
ʱҹδڣȻһˣŰȫһֽʶ˼ˣ⼸˶츳һ㣬ȴһҪɹӣѰҵԼĻԵ
ʵϣҹδǸûлᣬǵ֮ˣ겻ĻԵΪ䶼ʮˣΪȴֻͨȻͨ۷壬һҲͨڣҲͨʮ껹ûпҲͱ΢ǿһ㣬ôڵ;Զ
ҹδӵŶĪ֣һģ˵ΪҲ¶Լʿͨ۷塣һ磬ΪѵٶҲ죬ҴҶΪ˶ɹӣѰĻԵĿͬŹͬκ͹ͬ룬ܿϵͼΪǢһֹĪա
ǵݺ͵λȻдҹδһҲһװһЩʳͲ󱳱ųһĵ糿ĸ˴ϣ뿪ͷȥ
ͷ㿴ͣźܶബֻеǻеǿʹĸ˽Ǯ˿ʹŷ֣ҴżʮһˣҪȥѰɵʿŹͬص㡣
Ϊ͡
ҹδûЩˣԼͬȴǺĵûȣҹδվڼװϣŶ԰ü˼
϶԰ʵ·
һƬڴº֮䣬ǱߣڣͿŵĹضȥԼҶͬǰҶҡ
ȥҶֲͻƣڵľ磬һϲϵͻƣһͻƷ񾳽磬ʱ䣬Ѿ֮Բǲͻһ̫󣬱ضעٷְٻԪĶͻƶΣգûҪͻƣҪصš
ھ̫ˣҲһ鷳ƽʱˣʱɽ綼θðգ
ԣ߻ŵ·ǾҪǰµķҹδ˼ԼóУΣգҲӦòֻҪԼ¶̫ӦòᱻݡǣԼ˴£ҪԽ£ǰڵọ́¾ͻΣء
ߴڱض²⵽ԼյĿǻصţԲԼĴŲƷԼ͵ֻҪԼŷߣߴں֮·Уضعؿܼ顣ûеԼܻܲȥ
ټѣðգԼҲصšһԼҪͻƣԼʱ䲻˷ѡһ棬ԼƯˣⲻ¶
˼䣬ֻ˷׷ϰȻ˷磬еҪǱߣеҪǱߡȻǲڣߴ£һ֪֮ģ֪Լ츳ܱϡ·ϣŲټŵģŲٵĲšܹҲа
ҹδߵĸҲз磬ҪǱߣһ˺ҹδһҪǱߣұֿŴǱߵʮˣҵΪ룬ͨ
һº
ҹδѾ뿪˵ʮˣʮʮ˼һЩС壬ûҪǣǲļ塣ˡҹδʱѾ¶۷ΪһȺɢɵСӡ
ҹδˣ뵽һСӣŴǱȥԣȻĳһʱ̣Ȼ뿪ȥŴµķߣлټһСӣһһ̵ĸ·һһȥѾ¶˻ΪҲһʱŴǸȥ


688 
ҹδǧɽ£һСӣһСΣҪһֻʱɱǸޡȻȻؾͻСӣһŴȥ
֧С߸˶˻ӳΰȻһ˻۷壬ҹδʱ¶ΪǵػԭҪ˻ΪֵģϾΪԽͣԽȫҪɱǸޣ˻ȻУֻ¶ػΪ
֣ǰǴˡΰȻҹδ벢ߣڴǲúϣģǲ¡СڴҲسǵʿ졣
ҹδоһݣúϣΪʲôһ·Ҳû¶
ֲ֪
ҹδҡͷԵضżңػ۷֮ȴһֱҲͻ컨һ˳ϣܹ񡣸ոյˣε֪
һ·ûϲ鰡
ΰȻһĴһ£Ȼѹ
֥𣿡
ҹδĿãȻ֥ʲô
ΰȻִƫԶ֮һ·֪֥Ҳʵ϶Щܵһµʿ֪֥Ҳǵ;˵ֻ֥ͻãЩҲ֣ͣûйϵ
˵֥ʷֹֻΣǵΣûɶɡ֥Ǹû˵޷õֻܹõ֥ϵ֥¶ȴû뵽һѵԪֻܹȥ֥¶֥һòȴڵҹδ벻֪ôͿһ֥¶ȻˡУ
밡֥¶ͻкô֥ĸضԵԪкô˵ԻԪкôЩԪˣĴȥ׷ɱҹδ롣ҹδ뻹˳ȥڻûбץסЦǣЩԪȥ׷ɱҹδˣƫƫ˼ڵĵԪûȥ֥ǱߣʣһԪˣڵԪԲȸ
ԭʮŵ֥¶ֻΡһµãû˵Ԫֻȸһˣ˭
ʣµζڸˡ
͡
ҹδ붼̲סЦ⻹֮ϲһں̵ܶʱض߸Բ⼫ǿŵʵ
ΰȻЦһЩԪȻûҵҹδ룬ȷҹδѾӻߡȻ߾ͿʼЩԪһսɱԪЩԪֻ˻ȥ
Ҳ֮ϲ
ҹδиˣأ
ЩԪ;ҹδض᷵ţҹδΪĻƱضܴԣڳڣʿڹעΧ״һƺܴ״ǰ̽顣
ҹδһݣԼ˶û
ͬʱߴѾͨڵ·ȫǱ뿪û˹ܣҪӱķڣضᱻϸ飬һؿǰڡźüʮؿ
ҹδ벻üͷ˰
ΰȻһƣҾѾԶȻΰȻĴ죬ҹδ׵ؽ뵽ǣȴ֪Լ뿪½Ϊһ޴⡣
ز죬ҹδΰȻȥСӵסһСĿԺŶʮ䡣ҹδǵҹδһӵݣЩ˵Ǹûлҹδݡ
Եջ񣬻ȡ˲ٵԴԺϯϯ䣬ΰȻһҹδǰ
֣㡣
ҹδ뿴Ҳ˻ȥֲÿҲȱԴ
⡭
ҹδֱϵȱԴȻͼλֵܿĲȱֵǷ˰ɡ
ǡ
ϵɫԥҲϲãҲʧҹδоˣϵ
֪λֵҪҼԣ־ڴˡҳĿľѰͻ컨
ΰȻ˱һ̾뽫ҹδСӣһػԲôһ˼룬ǾͿɱˣÿνһջ񶼻ҹδ룬ǵջҲ֮ǰܶࡣҲҹδ룬ԵĿʲô
Ѱͻƣ
ʿĿľǲϵͻƣ˼ҶĪȱԴĿľѰͻ컨ȻһҲܵ˼ҡ
ǶһҪȥ
һ·߹һȻǼǰˡ
˵Ҫߵȥڵķ򣿡


689 ؿ
ǰ
ǲףٶҲҪ̵ʱ䡣ΰȻ˷ܵʱͺһΣ
ΪʲôҪ̵ʱ䣿ҹδһݡ
ΪҪ鰡Ǹ뿪ǵʿҪ˲ݡȥԼ˵ȻôѶȥ̽ȷ˵һţôѶϵţŸȻŻ뿪⴫ѶһһҪʱ𣿾ԽԶҪʱԽá
ҹδ벻΢΢üͷǾģǺã
֣ҾͲȥˣȥȻǹ䣬һǵһ
ΰȻɫЩʧǵͷУ䡣
ãܹסѾлλֵˡ
ⲻʲôеǿշ
ա
ΰȻԴʼչҹδһ˿ʼڴйȻȥڳռϢ
죬ѾòˡΰȻ˵ûȫ档ʱ򣬲Ҫ˵ԼҪ˵ԼĿĵءȻһƣҲֻܹ֤㵽ĿĵءǸĿĵ֮ҪڵķߣǻҪپһδѶ񽣵顣
ǳ鷳Ҳǳϸ񡣿֥ĸߴʮֿء
һ뿪°ɡ
Ĳ¥¥ҹδͨųšѾ߸ﱨʿˡȻֱ߸ʿżȻ̶Ļᡣ
ҹδ˵Ǻܼ򵥵飬ḻΪиߣֺ񡣺̸˵أ˵ʲôܹӵסΪߣ۽㣬ܹԷָ㣬ֺͳԷΪ󷽡ֱ߸죬Ҳ߸˵ĵϸ̽
һˣһ컨ʿڵһʿ
ڣţֻһԪǴǷֵһţڴԼ֮ңҲȴ˴ǣҪŵܹ뿪ǡ
ʱųţѾ½Ϊ߽˳Ӧ˵Ľˡ
ȻԼ֮½Ϊ˷ܵ˳½Ϊ뿪ҹδҲ뿪˲¥οٵشСȻһС߳Ǵ֣ʱѾߵ½Ϊǰ棬ӭ½ΪķȥܿͿ½Ϊ
½֣
͵ܣ½Ϊҹδ룬Ҳʮָˡ
½ϲãʲô¶ˣ
٣Ǻ¡ҵѾˡ뿪ǣˡ
Ǻ°ߣСܸ½ְء
͵Ʒˡ
ʲôƷѣСܵ˽Сܻһ·;ڵʱ򣬻ȥݷ½֣ʱ½ֿҪ֮갡
ǵȻ
һ·̸ЦһҾ¥Ҫһż䡣ҹδ˾¥ƾƲˣ½ΪƱյ
뺨ҹδͻȻ֣һʽпռ䣬㽫½Ϊ档˲佫½ΪŪˡ޾ؽ½Ϊս˷ڡ
ݿʼ仯Ҳʼ仯֮󣬱½Ϊһ޶½ΪĴָȡֱĨȥ½ΪӡǸȡ˳鿴һսԼĴָȥ
ҹδ뾶ֱֱŶȥһкƽ뿪˴ǡڵķȥ֪ڵ֮ǰԼƲΣաŴ˵ڵķӶȥ
һ·ϣͨؿһ·ͨ衣ڽһº󡣾ѾԶ
ʱҹδվھڲԶһɽϣ˼Ž뿪
ҲһؿҪ˲ıڡԼݿ϶ˡιȥ
ȥϵ£·ʿϵʶɨ裬ҪȥֻнǡǲǵʿҪͨ;Ұ⣬߿СֱӱһѣΪǿ׷ɱڻ֪ͨĵԪ
뵽ǣûбİ취ǣ½ΪݽǡѾܽˡûơҪǣᱻ̼ȴ˽ҹδ벻ܽܵġ
½Ϊݽǣ»ᱻϳһϳҲͻȻκ
վҪȽȥ˵ǲǿȺ½Ϊ̸̸
ҹδʧڷۣѰһɽִһޣȻһʯͷסɽȡһ̿Ž뵽ڡ


690 
˭½ΪԼһģһҹδ룬ֳ֮ɫ
ҹδȻҹδ롣

½Ϊֳ֮ɫ뵽ǰĪܹԼģǶĪҲҹδģʲô֣
ɫþ֣㡭Ҫɱ𣿡
һӾˡҹδ뿪˴ǣȥôãӦõԼš
ҹδȻҪɱ㣬ˡ
Ҳһ컨ʿ½Ϊܿ侲֪ҹδܹնɱĴڣںüʮԪжܹߣɱԼ컨Ҳһ֮䡣ûɱԼΪԼáҪסһ˿ᡣֵ
ǰҪʲô
ҹδͷҴӦ㣬ֻҪһصڣͻ뿪ϢطţȥڻᱻˣǴȥȴˡڵ״ԣһŻصڣͻˣҲˡӦ֪ʱܹɱ㡣
ס
ҪݻڡȻģҲκζڲ飬ҵĿֻǷšҶһƬİҵ˼𣿡
ģڣϤޱȡ½Ϊظ
ҹδͷһὫҼ˺ͶӰڣҪʱӦô˭
ף
ڰѧĹ͵˵ʾҿ
ã
½Ϊû˿ԥҲûѡءҹδӦŵ顣Ҳᱩ¶ԼֻҪҹδ밲ȫطڣͻ͵͵طԼ뿪⽫Ϊҹδ֮ܡ⻹ʲô˵ģ
ҹδɽڴ죬ѧ½ΪеҾͨУ½Ϊֻһľʿһ컨ҹδģµΩΩФ
ҹδûȥǣֱȥڡ
оʶɨǼֱķڣû˳֡ھڻǧ׵ʱӭʿҹδһֱþһͶӰڷ֮ڡǼʿ½Ϊڷ˵
⼸ҲʶӦǵͽ׵ĵӡҳȥʮˡ
Ǽʿҹδ룬һʿæ˼Ȼҹδʵ
ݼ½ʦ塣
ҹδͷȻֱ߹ȥ뵽
㲻˵ʶ𣿡
ǰĲʶǣʶҲְϾǵͽ׵ӣǸ߽׵ӡ
ҹδ룬˵Ҳǣָ·
ҹδһ߸ָ·һ½Ϊ½ΪȥѾ꣬ȥʱ컨ڣѾ컨Բԭλűչأ۶ͻƣȴû뵽ҹδץסˡʱڶҹδԵ
һţһԪܵϣͿԳΪˡţܵƷϣƷϣƷϡ
ǵԪأ
½ʦ壡ʱ򣬱ҹδתͷȥǷļӣʱ׷˹ͣǡ
½ʦ壬Ķ
ҵĶôˣҹδüͷԤе鷳ˡ
ǰЩӣʦͻ۶ȻĶȻ󡭡ȻռĶ
ҹδüͷͷ֪ˡ
ҹδȡƿݸӵȥɡ
лʦ壡˴ϲ
ҹδתǰУʱ½Ϊô¶
½Ϊ̾Ϣһһ۲ŴԵʿһֱҪͻƻԪڴһţɽ粻ܡԼŬҲƶ˼ҵľֶΡ
һɽ壬壬˷ԭһ㣬ȴһֲֹ˾󣬴һԾΪһءɽŵɽ壬һٸɽŴĶɽϵĶΪŨȻ󽫴Ϊٶ塣
κһӶȥٶеİеһԼĶȴҪʵֻҪʵκһڵˣˡҳȥ꣬ռȥҲû뵽ȻͻƵ۶ǰ뿪ȥʱ컨ڣҡ
ô죿
ѡһȥضһѰһطΪںܴкܶط
ȥٶ忴ɡ
ҹδǷһ˿΢ЦΪѶĵӣȻ͵͵ظҪԼλ񶷷ضҹδȴûǸ˼λصԼţʲô


691 
Ҳ֪Լ½Ϊݸոջصڣٴ뿪ţһڵķĥţԼӦڶһʱ䣬ѡһطסȻһ뿪ڡ
ȵվڰٶ£ҹδıˡ
վڰٶɽ£˵Ѿְ֡ٶ岻ŨҵҲŨ΢˼һ£бȻ֮ԳΪɲǾΪŨϣܹΪԣ;߱ϵһŨĵطԼֻҪǴ󾳽ͻƣҲ᲻ɽ¶ˮֵĻǳС
ҹδˣһһѰ뿪ķѾûˣˡ
ĶĶ
ǰҪȥض
ǰ
ֻ컨Բ۶
ҿģ۶
ǡ
ģһͻ۶ġҵıֻҪܹϢطţҲضᱨ㣬ԴҲ㱩¶Ժڵʿû˻ỳɡ
ǡðɣ
ԼʲôԣҸһ°ҹδһ˳ɽɽߣһ˵
Լ˵ɽ磬ĸ
Ȼǡڡ
Ϊʲô
Ϊǰ˵ΪѾﵽ˻Ԫ֮ϣҹǰǲģ½Ϊдż
ǵȻˣҹδңʲôҲûڵһ˿档ûԲڵ飬ֻߴڡ
˵ʵұ¶ˣץˡǸ֥ᱻõ𣿡
ᣬضᱻߴڵõ
ⲻ͵ˡұ¶ˣû˿洦϶ӭڵıҰȫطڣڻڣ˿ΣաһһԴͻƵܵȱԴǷһ顣
Ǹ֥ҿ϶ͻƵԪǷĿһԪŶ
ǰ㲻˵ˣһصڡ
Ͷˣһȡʱ䣬ͰͻƵ۶
ģ
ƭƭ㣬֪ܿˡˣĸ
ԶˡʮɽĶΪһŶȻһֱɽŵǼ䶴һٺšǰҪȥĶ
۸ˣȻҪˣȻҲҪˣɱ𣿡
ǧ𡣡
У֪ˣ
ҹδͷһۣվɽ£սĵӣǲġץסǻᱻִóͷġԣӱվɽ¿ҹδıӰۣ
½ʦȥսʦˡ˵½ʦҲ۶ˣ
ⲻϻ½ʦȥ֮ǰΪʦ廹ߣʦ嶼۶ˣѵ½ʦ廹ܲǣ
ιǼڸʲôʿҲ˳ǵĿŰٶȥ
ǵӼæ½ʦˣҪʦԣض
ʱҹδѾվ˵ʮǰŶٶ£ۼʿԽԽ࣬ܵ϶߹ע
½Ϊˣ
ȥҲûˡ
ĶͻˣɰǺǺǡ
ÿոͻ۶ĵӣʵΣ
أ½Ϊƹ˻һԡ
ٶϡ
ҹδ븺վڶǰʦܣɡ
˭
δƮ˳Ȼ󶴸Ŵ򿪣һϰʿ˳ҹδ룬ɫһ㣬ȻƤЦⲻЦ
½ʦֻˣ
ҹδ뵭ڶսᶴҶᾴ㡣ȴҲڣǿռҶƷ͵⡣
ɫһ죬ʵҹδ˵ûԼģȫȥ½ΪҵĶս֣ܶǶˡȴң½Ϊڣǿռ
ûǿռʿҪٶĶҲڵĶսҲֻ½Ϊڶǿռ߳ŭ
½ʦ֣۶
Ŷ
ɫһ䣺½ʦҲ۶ˣ
֪ˣҹδ뵭˵
ɫһҹδĻ̫ǿӲԷʵϣ˴Ҳû˱ڶǰɽ˷Ҳǰɽˡ
ҹδûʹĵףһɱĵԪһ۶ҪףҲ̫Цҹδûʣ½ΪȻҲͲ˵һԼ˵Ʋҹδ롣


692 ڹ
½ΪܵģĵĲҹδ򲻹񣬶ǺҹδΪսʤ¶š
ҹδѾ˽½ΪĹ͵˵ʵ½ΪȻйΪľԣȱݣԶԺͻԡ½ΪĵľգײأҲƷȴʧȥ
ҹδò۲
һҹδ뻹أȫһܼصӣȫ½ΪսֻҪӮңƽ֣Ҳ᲻߶
ʱҹδЩˣ֪᲻ĵӦýٰ˳ɵľʱ䶼зϣĴ򷨷ǳͷۣὫĥ
ҹδս鼫ḻֻǼغϣ˶Էʵ͵ҹδ뱬ʵ־ķȻסһͿԽԷҹδʱֻܹӳ۶ΪһԼ۶ʵҪģ½Ϊʵ½Ϊ콾ǾӢһ棬ǲ߱һƷˡˣֹǷأҹδһʱ侹ȻҲЩ޲ߡ
ؼǣķؼܣƾһֲͨ磬Լķ⾵ڿתһӰ
⾵ˮԷΪˮԣ⾵νܣҹδ뼯йĸ⾵ĸ⾵ḨǸܵİ⾵ָһܹǸ⾵ܵɢĸ⾵ϡ
ҹδɣԼȫһ¶һ˿ضסһ˿ԼһûվӰ֮УпһųΪһšȻҲźĵ̣С
ҹδ룬֮ƵƵ̳ÿ̳һ㶼һľײһ⾵Ҳܰ⾵ÿһľ׼ײǸ⾵ϡҹδ졣ˣÿһľܵνϵײһ⾵ϡ
ȫһ㣬ǸӰʼҡҹδ뿴ľ״£ӦԡӦþֹһ״ӦԵİ취ҹδ벻ż֪Ӧֶ֣ȵľģ˭һʧȥģ;ʧܲԶˡ
Ȼּ⾵γ˰⾵ӷɢ˳һӰֿʼȶҹδȴ˿ҴȤ룬ԼڽһʿַʽԼɱԼô죿
⻹һսķʽ˵ʵսķʽǳĿȤ˵սеҹδˣԽԽۿʿоȤоЩġرսʿ͸öˡǿɾǱսʽڵñ꣬ˡ
ۿʿʼָָ㣬ûѹǼĻﶼĶ䡣ǲò˵̬ȵһȣ˿Ӱ죬ҹδ붼òغ½Ϊ
½ѣܲľδĵ;ֲᷴ㡣
½ΪЦڵһ⣬ǺһڹǣᷴԷĹⲼµ塣ȷⲻ塣ԺԵʿƽճΪߵģĥûƢ
⡭ҹδЦõӦԵ̫ðɣ
ֹԵ̫ð൱ĲáûԸǺȹˣĵĲСŴȵʱ򣬴˵鲻ߣû
Ǻǡҹδ̲סЦ
һһģԵˣǱĥöĵĲУһɫ࣬鸡ꡣǵһԼԵĹУܹЦ
⡭½ʦֲʲô飬ñ̬˰ɣ
Щëصøˡ
Χ۵ʿԽԽ
Ҳ̫ˡ
ǲò˵ķ޿κΡ
ұɣΪ˾һڹǰɣ
˵ƽ֣½ʦܹʤ
ҹ½ʦܹʤ
ΪΣ
û½ʦַŻЦˣ˵½ʦľȵһȡҲǳš϶еơ
Ҳǰ˵½ʦʲôԵΪͻƵ۶ľ˸ߣ
˭֪ϣ½ʦֻʤܹѵһǸڹꡣ
ԶԶԣ
ҹδʱʼˣԼһʿһ컨ȻƣҲϵ̫ã½ΪЦ


693 Ǳ
½ΪһǿƵӡ󣬲Ż½ΪԺʵʵ
ʼĥ½ΪĲҲǲǹĲСַҪһʮᡣ
ǲˣľԸͲ߱ԣһʮỹܹǿġ
һķѵʱҲ̡
ʼϸϸ۲죬Ȼݸ
ȷʵǿܹ˳̶ȣֱһ漣˵۶ʿܵʿҪķѡǱϾھ磬ģֻĶҲھ磬޷ˡ
ҹδ۽Ѿ˻磬ϸ۲£ܿͷĲ㡣ҪԼƿذ淨ΪͶⲻ˿鷨ű֮״١
ؼǣ˿鷨ҪͣתתĹУеøֻҪҵ㣬˵۶컨ܹһ֮
͡
ҹδһ̳߶ܹԵһ·Ҷһ룬Ȼҹδ뽣һ

һ⾵ͱҹδ˳ȥ󳤽룬âʺ
彩Ӳȴ˵ü죺䣬ʦ֣䡣
䡭
ΧһƬ
Ӯˣ
½ʦӮˣ
ôӮģ
֪ûסͿ½ʦһ˰⾵
ಡһӰҹδǰ
ǰλųϣʯΪ½Ϊ
ҹδоһݣæսʯһ񣺡½Ϊݼʯϡ
۽ܲʯ͵Ǽܵʿѿȴܹǳ
ҹδֳʵϵҲûпֻɱĶˣЩʱȫƾܡ
ʯ͸ʢʵǱܾǱڵ۽磬ΪܹΪ۽磬һֶ⡣ɴǱʮڣضͻܵ
лָ㡣
Ҿָһ¡
ҹδһ㶣ΧЩʿȴĽҹδ룬ʿָ㰡ֵúһЩԴб
ҹδȴһݣһԼһҪ飬¶ԼΪʵҪԼʵͨ۶磬ľϵľȴǲ۶Ϊ׼ϾԼѾ¶ԼһЩ֮ǰյʲôˮ׼أ
ҹδ뻹ھʱʯѾ˹
ʯһޣŷָһ۶ĵӣ÷Ǿ͹ˡԣʮָ㵯ĵҹδû
ʲô׶ǽľǹ
ȵȵȵȡ
ֻ˲䣬ͷ˶ʮֲͬĵҹδȫλǵĹ
ҹδ볤裬һǹԼ档Ȼһ˽ͬһ޴Ĵ⬣һ顣
Χ۵ڵѾˣʯͷŵĵûһǸ߽׵ģһЩͽ׵ĵͷŵٶȺͽǶȣȴǴ۽硣
ҹδܽš
ŵĲԼᱻˣαֵǡôʯɡ
֧˴ԼʮϢʱ䣬ҹδ¶һľײ˳ȥԼɫƵò԰סʱʯҲˣͣ
ܲһ֣ӹһƿһƿ͸ˡ
ҹδɫؽסǸƿʯʩлʯϡ
ʯͷʲôģҡһֻһλᡣ
䣬һαѾʧΧЩӶʵ۾죬ǰٶϵЩӣʱҲվڶǰʡ
ҲͰˣÿܹõһʿָ㰡½Ϊ׵ʮڱضܵ
ϲ½ʦ֣
½ʦ֣ȥҶʦΪӷϴ
½ʦܣ겻ǵúúġ

ҹδʩЩҪȱչһʱ䣬ҳأ͡
УǾͲҪ½ʦˡ
˶ʿȻ֪ս֮ҪԣرǸոձʿʯָ˶ĿĽȥ
ҹδ뽫󷨸Ȼ߽˶ڡϸ֮̽󣬷û˿⡣ӳ˼̣׸ʶ̽顣Ȼ½Ϊӷڷ˳Ǹƿ˹ȥ
½ΪһϲϹлǰ
ҹδڰ֣Ȼûֵͽ׵ҩĲҩȴеǣӽͿԶͳԶһ£᲻ᱻŵʿɡɣһµʱ䣬ܹͻ۶ˡ


694 ǰ
½Ϊ۾һȻ֪ҹδ˵ʲô˼ҹδʿȻŨĵУԼȻܹһµʱͻ۶
ҹδ֪ںܿԼܶʿעҪԼ᲻ᱻɣⶼᱻɣ׼һһߵȴʱŻȥˡ
ҹδϥʼ׽صϣԼĹͷӡǳתصŶ۶
ǰ
ҹδոտʼתǳȴԱߵ½Ϊڣͣһ¡
ҹδͣ½Ϊ½ΪлžµǰղŸոտʼϾͿʼӿ졣ضᱻ֡
˵Ҳڴˣ
Ҳǲܡ½Ϊ˼ϤٶЩʿͨڳʼʱȻʱʱǸʱĵϼ㲻ǶҲĵϱϡ˱ضֻᷢ֡Ҫʱ䣬Ӧþû⡣Уÿһ£õϻ۵һЩ
аɣɡ
ȴ߷ʱ䣬ҹδ뿪ʼ½ΪһԿš
ǰٶȾˡŵ½ΪͻȻڵ
ҹδ̾Ϣһٶһ붼ûдﵽҲˡҲ벻ҹδ㿪ʼסÿҲʱ䣬ȥݷΧھӣ֪һЩϢ
һҹδѾʮ꣬Ϊء½ΪֱҸˣÿ춼ŨĵҹδҲóһЩҩڸ˲ٵһʱ䣬ѾͻƵ۶۷壬ڳܵٶǰûġ
᲻뿪ҹδˣ
һա
ٶ弸ʿСۣҹδҲμˡϯһϢ׼һСȥڡ
Ѿŵ˷ԲǧҲԼԴر˵ѾΪÿƵĵҩΪ֡ߴڶȥġ
ڵȻȥĵҩҪȥڻȡһЩԴȥʯһЩԴ⽨һǣѾΪһӴĽгߴڶ̡
ҹδҲһ£̲ܽЩԪʿûзѰҹδ룬ΪҹδҲûлصš
ʦ֡ҲȥǱ߻һЩԴҹδ뿪ڵ
֪ȥʦЦǿɶ֪õ˲ԴһƿҪܵ˰ɣ
ǡҹδͷõһЩԴҪȥǻȡһЩܵĲϡ
ʵԺŶһ
ҹδֳԥ֮ɫտʼڵҪһȽ϶ࡣ
˶Ľˡ
½ʦ˰Ҳóȥһˡ
ҪζȥǱһɡһûȥ
ǡͬȥ
ͬȥͬȥ
ҹδɫĵ˵ڻϲڵҹδ룿
ǰڵܵʿɳȥ١˵ʦѹ
ҲҪõ֥ĸ
һʿ˭õ
޹أ˭õҲòҹδҾǵģô̲飬᲻Ǵ鷳
鷳ûУһعؼ飬϶˷ʱ䡣Ӿͺá
ȥ
Ҳǣȥҳϱ
ա

ҹδվɽ⣬ͷһۣһʱ䣬Լٴ̤˷֮·ɳĮ֥ʼѾȥꡣδϵΪľǰȫ
ҲʮֵԼȻԼһֱûбץҲڵǲԼɱˡ
ϣԼܹһ·ƽɡ
һڵķȥ
ڴ·ֵţڵҹδһ˵ûʲôΣգ£ɽ
ｫǽΧڵһؿһԽؿ뵽ڵΧǰﻹڵΧȴѾռ졣ҹδƲڵܵʿˣͶڵŻ߼ˣŶһЩһЩܹܵΪš
һ̲ʮʲôˣĸŵҲŮףٴξһδѶ񽣵ˡԣӵ˴ʿϾڲͬҲΪһģкܶʿǰǡ
ȻҲдʿǱ߹Ǵڹʿˡ


695 
ҹδʵʵڵȴˣȻҹδ֪Ҳȥ֪طŵԪһԼ¶ݣضԪʿһ
ԼɹͲһˣܹһ
ǣҹδľ꣬ۿžͰȫˣҲ⼤ǿ԰ԼеļͬתһȦȻס˿ջ
Լֲֻиɵȡ˵ȴ˶ʮ죬ڵõ֪ͨԼ˿뿪ˡҹδ밲˷ܣüһǹϲá
뿪ɽҹδķ˴ĵģʿࡣϾǴ·ֵţڵΧĹ˵
ʦǣѾ뵽ڵΧﲻҪ¡;ͺá
֪ˣʦ֡
ʦ֣ס
һ˵͵ǣҹδȻŷţΪԺ½ΪܹȫڣڵڹһЩԴҲԵسһЩԴһЩܵĲϣ֮󣬹˴ձҪš
ҹδķڣҹδ뽫½Ϊӷڷ˳飬½Ϊ֪Ҳ֪ҹδҪԼŻȥˡжҹδ˸мʵϣҹδҪɱͿԶˡҹδûУԼָԴԼﵽͻܵٽ㣬¸пҹδʩһ
лǰһĴڣ
ҹδڰ֣ȡһݸΪ㽻׵һЩܵĲϣȥƣԤףͻܵ
лǰ
ҹδͷˣǾԵټˡ
Եټ
ҹδ仯òƿҹɫһԾ
ڡ
ϣɽҲ˴һ㲨֮Уҹδ˵⡣Ϊδļ̳ߣǺܾͨȸҲ֮
˴󣬽뵽ڣҹδվԭأһдδйɡʱ࣬Լڻصš
վԭشаӣҹδȻЦԼĶȥûȥǣѾҹ䣬Ͳȥˡ
صԼĶҹδʲôҲɣ¾Ϳʼ˯
ʵϵ磬Ҫ˯ˣܾúܾû˯ˡǺʣ㵽ʲô磬˯õķɡҹδ࣬ƽû̫Σգʵÿʱỵ̈ڱʵǽôһɣ㺨˯˹ȥ˯ߡ
ԭŵڶȥȴһ˯˯ʹ죬Ľһɣ˯ҹѹȴҹ죬Ц
Ҳ˯ˣɴϴһ·ָԼŪһƲˣ⣬һ߳Ժȣһڵɫ
ܾû͹ˡ
̨ɽţҹδʧѾˣڱϷչĺܺáֶܵѾ߸ܵŵѾΧǧﷶΧյһЩӣ;Ķڶһ˵ס
ǣʮֻǱ󡣰Ǳž޴Σա
һжӦ壬֪ӦѾˡܹȥȶȥ涼һΣ˲
϶ȥֵһԪľ䣬Ӧ˻ˡ
һԪʿŲܲм񡣵Ӧȴ棬˻ɡǸʱߴڵ̽Ҫʼˡ⵱Ȼһ̣ȳѩ͸½̽ﵽ۷塣Ȼɲ̽ڣмʮ߰ʱ̽Ҳ˵໹ܹȫꡣ󣬱ضӭߴڵĹ
ΪǸʱѾûлԪˣֻҪȷӦ䣬ߴ֮£̸
ڵϣҹδϣҹδȴѾʧ˽꣬кܻҹδѾߴڸҵɱˡ

̾ϢһϾʱ䣬ҪҹδĶתתʱҹδĶǰһҹδʱ򣬶Ҿڹ˵ǶҿɳģԶҺҹδĹϵǳá
һ̾ϢɽϵҹлصͻȻɽϴһ
ʦΪ̾Ϣ
Ȼס˽ŲĿŰɽȥֳ֮ɫ鲽αѾ˰ɽͤȥʹգգ۾ȷʵͤһˡʱվ߳ͤɫ£ҹδ룬˭


696 
ҹδŶҹʩ񣺡δʦ
ҵЩδ롭㣿
ȻңҹδЦߵ˶ҵǰʱҹȥݼʦ
ãã̫ˣҷЦ
Ц価ҹδߣˣ㶼֪ǶĽʲô̶ȡУôѶϵüΣϵϡΪβϵ
±֣ҽѶһֱڴָС
öԣСĶΪ
Ӻ
ֵѩ죬ҺҹδۼȸĶڡÿ˶ϲЦտҹδȫȫβػˡ
ҹδǵõһ֥ȸѾǼ˵ˣϽԪûƿˣһӿԪٶȡ˵ҹδδҲһԪͿܲͻƻԪˡ
ҹδʵܹﵽԪԲ±ߴڵĻԪ涼δܹκҹδ롣
δ룬˵˵ľôӻģ
ѩҹδ룬Լ˲áǰĶֻֻͻأ
ȻԪ׷ɱһһԪȫɽĵԪܹȫȫβĻ̫ˡ
ҹδԼôŲƷ߿ʼķƽ˾ʵҲȷʵûʲôΣգ˶֪ⶼҹδ뼫СĽͼḻľ顣Ҳɸп
Ұŷḻ顣
Ǻǡ
˲ɶЦ˵ǰ㣬ҹδӽ뵽ھûʵûŴã϶·ϡ
δ룬Ǹҿֵڵ
ҹδ㽫һȡݸ˰ֵҲؾ۹ȥһ˿˰ҲûпʲôֵŻУݸҹδ
ôã
˾УҹδӹУ
û˵ܲ
û˵ӦҲʹ͸ֱӳԡ
ֵͷʲô㣿
ȱչһʱ˵
̫ˣ
˶һҹδܳȥֵһ֮ɫ
ξһֱչصͻƻ
ҹδ벻ɿЦãŵж຦ڳȥ
ͻƵ
Լ˽ʱ䣬ҪͻƵôҲҪʮʱ䡣
ҪԼʮ갡
аɣ
ҹδʱҲûгȥĴ㣬ͷŬɡȲҪһˡ
Ϊʲô
һ棬ܹ½ΪӰȫһЩһ棬ߴԸķѾʱӾͼ¡ҵɣҲ
˵òٶȹЦ
ȸͻȻüͷǳչʱյĵȫҲΪŨԭ˻ϵʿۼ㶴Χչضʮ꣬˵ͼܵһúܶ˻ϵΪͻơžԴ࣬ȱľǵŨ֮ء˵ʵʱĵ϶Զ㡣Ϊ˱ܣȴԵҲҪ
ףѩЩҲܷæ˲öұչһɡԶұչΪ壬˻ϵʿȥҶ⡣δڶҵĶڱչء˶ҾͽҲܹøĺô
֮ϲѾһ֥¶ΪʶٶҲ˰ٱٶȣоԼʮܹﵽ۷塣ҹδİӦͿ˰ɣ
⡣Ȼͷ
ｻ˻µʿܵϵʿЩļ͸šֵڣټʿء
ⲻ⣡ȸԭҲֻ߸ܵľ󲿷鶼ǽЩ͸šֻҲŴ˻ػ컨۶ʿ⣬ټһЩЩ鷳
ʿȥʹΧ֮ڣʿʵϾȥһලãû֪Ѿ䣬ߴڻΧڸʲôСҲǶĵһ
ԪһʲôӴ˵鷳ȥ
ãȸͷ˼һµЩ۶ʦܶΧʿͻ֮ҲҪͻ֮󣬱ǳȥ顣֮ٷأͻƵĵȥ
ţ
ǾɣҹδȥҵĶ㿪ʼټӡ
ҹδŶȥ˶ҵĶҽԼøҹδ룬ԼʱںȲ裬ҵ
㷢ַʳ֥¶ʱĺô𣿡


697 
ҹδЦǰһͲʱҲѹϵٶȣԸ֪֥¶ʲôôֻ֪ӡ֮󣬻ѸٴﵽԲ
Һ˵˷ܵҲҲʳһ֥¶ʱ򣬾ȻϵٶȾȻ֮ǰʮ
ģ
ҹδ۾һϵٶʮô۶ĵŨҲضʮҹδΪǳԭϵٶȾͱȶŰ׵˿ʮ࣬ҲôŨĵϣԪȲҹδ롣ʮ౶ǻһʲô̶ȣ
ؼǶԼҲкôȻϵŨʮζҹδӡϵٶҲʮһǿܵİһԼʮ֮ھпܴﵽ۷壿
Ҷ̲סҪˡ
̰ɣһ졣Ǻȸʹ죬ų
ã
ҹδ졣ټʿҲô򵥣ټһڣǸոտʼˣ˻ϵʿҲǧˡҲⵣְ񣬻߳ȥʱ䣬ŽЩʿټš
ôƣܲĿ⣬ߴںܿ͵õϢЩԻ󣬲֪Ҫʲô
Ϣ׵⣬Ҳûߴڵ֪Ƿʳ֥¶ǸҪչһƱػٵĵϣټʿҪЩϡ
ߴڲȫţɳ̽̽ڣκ춯ҪϱͬʱҲһ취Ҳ׷ЧڡֻҲ̫ϣΪ֪˵һһԪĵϣҲ̫ĸԣҲֻѡľӢӣᡣҲǼʮˣȫڵǧʿ
ҹδڿʼˣ黹ЩСأ
ڿԿˣ֪֥¶Լٵ
ڶҵĶ֮ǰΧĶϥһȦһȦʿӶǰɽӣǧʿѹѹһƬ
ڡ
ҹδƽ飬ڣȴڴ
⡣
ǧʿȻ̧ͷ˿У֮ʼ·ϪˮȻӣһĿУѸٵسɫ쳣ŨĵϻۣڶΧȻΪ̫Ũɽӣһֱӵɽ£ѾˡѾŨĵϳڱΡ
еʿסеļŨĵ֮УѸٵؽ뵽֮С
ϡ
ȸ͵첢Ŀж¶֮ɫ
ǳ𣿡
ǰȸ̾ôܹԽһ׶սΪǳѹһʱϧǵʲ
³һҡͷĽİ
ȸ֪һ£ҹδڻΪչصĻڵԪʿżİ
ĿҲ¶ڴϣܹͻƵ⣬˵һϣͻƻԪ
Ԫô׵ģǵԪԲҹδҲޡ
ǰˡ
һ
ʿͻƣȻʿǵͽʿ˻ػ컨
Ǵ󾳽ͻƣҲ˵ЩʿǴ˻ͻƵػػʿͻƵ컨컨ʿͻƵ۶
ꡣ
ǧʿͻƣֻЩΪߵģܵͻСͻƣܵһ¶Ǵ󾳽ͻƣܵʿѾﵽʮɼڵʵж졣
ڶڵĶҶﵽ˻Բ
һա
ɽһʿǣ糾͡˵Ҫҹδ롣
ڹҹδһжʮӣݵʿڶҶǱ߱չȸԽӼλ糾͵ʿһܵصʿԼǰǵԪʿһ֮ˡ
ֻһʿ˵ֻܵôͰԪʿŪˣ
ľݼ
ɣ
ȸûŪǰ˺ҹδĹϵ֮ǰУеľЩڣн֮󣬲ȸʣڵ
Ǹҹδһţĸ۰Եš
Ŷ
ȸ΢΢üͷ۰ԵţǷˡЩᡣҪҪҹδ룿
ҹδ룬ںҹδҹδ츳ҪҲסؼǴô򵥣һ۰£ҹδȣҹδضǰͲǴҹδǵˡ


698 ۰ԵϢ
һ£۰Σգ
ûУľҡͷ
һȸˣҲ۰Ժҹδͨţʵ
۰ڿɺã
ľϱֳԥջҡͷ
ȸüͷľ̬ڸ۰Ե飬Ҳֻеҹδܹ˵
ֳһľʼˣȸٴοڵδڱչء
ľͣղ֪˵ʲô
ǲҪھͿţ
ľץץԴɫҲԥȫƾ
ȸɿЦǱˣľžˡҹδ벻ͬδָҹδˡҲ֪۰Ժҹδĸ飬ܹȥ۰ԡΪԼѹյ۰Գ£ҹδһʧĴ̡
ˣ
ҹδԼɣѾչˣҹδ˵һ漣վε
ɡ
ҵĶǰȸľվڶǰ̾ϢһȻ
δ룡
ڡ
ҹδ뻺ۣʱΪѾ۷壬۷ѾԶϳɫֳһ˿ǡ֪Ҫ飬
⣬Ѿһڳ
δ룬ڶڵš
ã
ҹδס˽Ųߵǰ˴ţȸһʶʿһ㣺

ȥ˵
ЩԻشľŹϡڴЩʿ۷׷ס
ʱΪҹδѾʼɢ
ʦǽ˰ɣ
Ӧǣû߳𣿡
ʦǡÿ˶ͻƣʦꡣ
ƨأܹմ꣬ѾĻԵˡ
ҲãóȥһȻˣЩ顣
Զԣǽ
˵ҹδѾʧٿ˰ɣûϢ
ûУǳȥΪѰҡ

ڡ
ľһҹδϳΪ۰õҹδФ񣬶ΪҹδոսϵûɢӴ۷ܴѹвɳԾ۰Բ˵ҹδ뻹ܵ
ѹ˰ɣ
ϵɫΪľݼҹǰ
ǣҹδתͷ
ȸкܲˣ΢Цλĸ۰ίиŵˡ
ĸţҹδһҡ
ľȡһݸҹδ룬ҹδ뽫͸ȥԼ֮ջ˾
ǰǺһɢޣ۰ԾȹȻ͸۰Դ۰ںһ壬Ǹ׷ɱ˱ӽ˰
ںһأ氵Ʊοգ밵ʿûмܹġ׷ɱ˵ļʿ밵ûм׷ڰ֮˰꣬ûٳΪѾˣ뿪ؼ塣
ʵϣ۰Ժľֲɵǽ밵󣬸û룬Ͳھ밵֮ⲻʮһϣ棬űǵЩ˳ˣǾͳȻЩ׷Ҳֻӡ
ܲ룬ǲ롣
ûǸʿǵСҲǸǾ밵ļ壬֪࣬Ҳ͸η尵Բû׷ȥ
ʱ䣬۰Ժľڵû飬ֲһĶͻʿע⣬ֻʮ룬ضᱻ֡ԣ˾ڵĴϸѲ飬ʵϾеġ
첻Сµʱ䣬Ͱѵÿطһ飬ɶҲûСҲܾôţ°ɣ
˱Ǳˮ£Χŵ죬£һȦһȦѲ顣
ȻҵһڣͶˣҲ˵ںˡҲмĵˣŻôҡʱҲûʲôڴСؽ뵽Ǹڡ
ǣɽڵͨǧ֮󣬷һˮ飬ɫˡ
ܾܿһǰĶ
˶ʶԵˣ˷ܵԽ˱ˮ顣ûһˮˮˮ⡣
˸ӽߣ˲һף߳ͨһߣڶߵ룬ǿһ
ʲôҲûУֻһ
о˰죬ʵϾڵϿ˶죬۰վ󵽴һ߿


699 뿪
۰ǸƢһ飬ûܹסҲҹδ뼸˻ԣľﵲס
۰Ҳûߣֻص˵棬ŰʿΪ۰Բľȥ˭֪ǸĶʲôط
һ˶ˣŵ˶ûСľȥڸҹδţȻڡľҹδڣû⡣
˵۰Զо֮û¶һɢܹڣҲϵڱ顣ľȻԸ⣬ֻǵ۰ԣŸ۰һ󡣵ֲ۰ԣ֪ͬ⡣
˵˰꣬ʿ뿪ˡ۰Ҳûжֵ£ľһ߳˰ֺľԶǧ֮󣬷ǸķǣľֱڣԼǷ˰죬ȥˡ
ҹδü֮両֮ɫ
ѣӰﻨ˶ã
Լһɡ
ȸʹһ񣬶붮ڵδ룬۰Գ£һʱ䣬ͳˡҿ㻹Ǳչءͻƻȥɡ
ҹδҡҡͷһǲģҪȥѣѵͼҡ
ľݹһ򣺡׼ˡ
ҹδӹ򣬾̽һȻȸ
ȥչ꣬ҲȥߡˣľŰɡ
û⣡
ľȻû⣬ŶһܵأǺ£۰ԵĹϵҲŵùҹδҪȥͽܲˡ
һˣô죿
֪ˣȸʮ־̾ϢһԹؿҹδ룺
˸ȥ
ãҹδֵһϰˣһ˸ȫ
ȸҲòҹδ˵öԣֻҹδһҹδķḻ飬ΣգҲߵϣչһˣܾܿ˶ˡε
аɣδ룬һҪСģҪΪԼо飬һ˿⡭
߶߶˵ˣҹδů֪ǵԼҲʵʵһԵľĽһɢޣʲôʱůĴͥ棿
ʮҼڡ
ʱȸͶҳȥչؽЩʿ׷Ŷʩ֮ɢȥ
ҹδıòһ·ƻʱ뿪š
ȥߴҹδټؿڡ뿪ڵķߣûм飬ҹδһ·裬º˳ĴҹδûԪע⡣ǵԶ˺Ժҹδûй˼ˡܻ󶼲֪ô¶ȻΪԽԽá
ǮסǺĴգʼʱ򣬱Ũĵϣ㾪˺еʿŨĵУӵ˺⡣һ±úϵʿ֪һʿƣ˻һԪʿˡ
˭Ҵţ
ȻЩʿ˷ˣһʼ˵һԵǹȥãˣΪĺΧ˺ܶຣһơ
㣬зϺ
ָĺ־ĺôŵȶ£Ҫȥҹδ룬ֺҹδһ֣ЩֻܰŴζ֪ЩҲյǿģҲţЩ󴬣λչصǰӦܹӦλǰҲôλǰֲɵӡ
һ죬ǵϵĲtԶԶؾͿһȺŵ˾ӣϵʿ׼սϵľӽеҹδ뾪ѣ۾ţɫһ
棬װ϶ʿⲻ֪֡ΪԼ̫ĵ⡣ôΧ˶ģѹѹһƬˮ
ҪΪԼˮ˴󴬱ʿɾԼˡ
鷢ҹδȻվ𣬴򿪷ţʱǴϥķǰŴ򿪣æվ
ǰ
ȻͲҹδ룬Ǵһ㣬æżװȥȻ㽩ڼװϣ𾪵ź档
ҰУЩżװϵҹδ°ݣȻǱˮԶȥ
ЩȻܹоҹδϢϢˣŨĵϣ˶ݣȻлҲ⡣

ҹδ³һûǻ£˵ԼԺҲԼڴˡ


700 
ʱϵʿҲĪ׾ʲôΪʲôЩˮˣȴͻȻʧˣֵǣȻŴ°ݡ
󴬿Ͷ˼װϣû´Ŀҹδ룬ҹδƺʲôٲŷȥװϵЩʿ׷ҹδϹл
õϵʿţʲô
ҹδ´һʿǰһ£ȥĴʲôʱ
ĵ󡣡Ǹʿ𾴵ػش
лл
ҹδ뿪ͷͷĿջȥֱҹδʧų֣뵽һߣ
λŮǰʲôˣ
֪ҡͷ
ʲô
Ҳ֪
˸ΪʲôϹΪʲôŴ°ݣ
¶ݵλǰʱ˼ΪŨĵϣҴǣӵ˺ˮУҶͻˡ
ɫһ㣬Ȼʮֻɵûƭң
ҹλǰڿջҲʱ֪ˡҪȥλǰǿλǰ⡣
ɵȥȥݷҹδ룬ȴֲҡһʿûмܹʱ˵ôŨĵϡѵλǰǵԪ
ȿ˵
ҹδ뵹ûס˿ջȻȥͷгһЩԴֹһЩϵԴڵϵľƵһٷȻʩʩȻػص˿ջ䡣
˷ţȡһ̿ȻҹδͿʼϥ£ڹӡϡ
ؼĵϻ۶ҹδѾռ䷴ȷѰ汾ֻǰѵİ汾ϵϾͿˣӡٶȼ졣
λؿصϻ۶Ȼջϸ֣ǵϻӡ
ϥ£һѵõĻᡣοջΧΧˣڰ

ҹδӷЩʿѾϰΪЩʿҹδʩǵӭҹδ룬ʩ
ǰǱӭǰ١
ҹδ벢ǶӴⱩ¶ݣֵصͷȻͷȥǵҲǼҴҵ뿪ܿмҴҵֱͷ󴬣ҹδĴգһݵеԴŹȥʼգû֪ҹδ֡
Ӿȥҹδһ·һ·ǱУʱҴҹȥһࡣ
һա
ҹδվ˰ǰ˰
Ȼǰһı߽ߣߵĺˮεģǱߵĺˮǺɫġȫݡģڰ֡ⶼĺơֻǿİ͸һֿ־
ҹδ˷򣬱ɽ˰ܿҵǸ죬·ǱȥҵǸɽ˳ɽڵͨǰУ˱ˮ·뵽ˮͨǰУ㿴Ǹ
վڴϣʯоһ㱡
󣬵ųƵоҲһ˲飬γȴܳʱĸооһӣΪоһѣŻµĸоͣ
ȴӴΧȥҲһߣΧûлŵĶ΢ɣһƨ˵ϡȻڵϡ
˺þãҹδŻ˵ʵеšôãԷǳңԶҲ֪Լ͵ʲôط
֪ĸΣ
ҹδվȥһڣСߵ˶ڣһͨ˳ͨߣ֮ǰͨһǰҲһˮ飬ˮ֮أ뵽ˮУͨ߳㷢ԼںףˮεģǺɫģҹδһһݣ˫ֻϷȥ
һҹδ븡˺棬ԼԱ߲ԶһСҹδСϣȫ½ء޷֪ԼĶˣҲ޷ȷ
ǾһԼӡĶҲ
ʶȡһö룬ָһ䣬ö˵棬ԼжԶһķ
ڸȷԼĸˣ
ҹδŸ߿շȥԽԽߣҰҲԽԽɿߡҹδΣ˱ֻһ취ǾѡһȻֱǰɾˡ
ҹδ뿪ʼˣ̫ϹǳӶȷԼֱǰɡÿʯߵ죬ҲָͣһΪȴһֱûˡ֪ԼҵĸˣΪԼĸδߵͬһ


701 ǧ
˷˽һ£ڿˣһҴ󴬣ϵļװźܶˡҹδûäĿϴǱ˺УŴףӵװϣżװϵ̸
ȷ˼װϵ壬ȷ˵ĻҲԼǷͬС죬ֻһ㲻ͬ
ⲻ⣬ҹδǴҾ̽飬ȻʮȷϵʿӦûбΪߵġ뿪˴ףȴԶȥ֮ŴӺˮзɵ˿Уת·ɣȻҴ׷ȥ
ϵĲtڿҹδ룬˾ӡϵʿܿս׼ǵҹδѹǵͷųżװѹ˹ȥװϵʿˡ
ҹδ˼װϣĿɨ˵˭Ǵ
ǰǡʲôԸ
пյĴ𣿡

װϵ˶һûҹδҲʡȴһҹδĴӦǳˣһ˷ɣѰŵĴֻͷ
УһգѸǰס
ҪѣҹδӹȥһסһɨüЦ
ǰ
ļ죬ҹδûڼװϣʱʱҲͱ˽ּϱ˶֪Ϊǿܿ͸һʲôط
һĵطûдǲǺԼڵǸһ𡣲Щû˵Լһ磬ҹδеȷ羹Ȼû壬ֻޣ֮ġ
һܲõĸоƺԼһ粻ͬһϡ
Ȼһû壬ֻ塣ȴǺƽսʱ
ⷽ½ϣ۹
ֱ۹Ͱ׻۹
۹Ϊͼڣ׻۹԰׻Ϊͼڡÿ۹֮¶һٶһϣ۹֮侭Ħսͬһ۹еĸ֮䣬Ҳս۹֮ȫսѾܾûбˣֻǾֲСսʱ
һҺĿĵ۹ǧǡ
ǧ۹ҲΪȼֱϵȣеȺµȡźԴźߣʮʮµ
µʵͣȻҲࡣ
ֻЩҲˣڵ۹˽Ĳ࣬ҪǶΪΣرǶ˽Ĳ࣬ҹδ벢û˽⵽һʿʲôΡ
ҹδ뻹ʮʼˡһʵΣԼʵҪġ
ȻҴϵʿҹδ̫һΡϲؿʼһҲһЩˮŴζȻţǿЩˮ˳ҲЩˮҲ
һպҹδڴܵ𾴵дһжҪǮôһڣǰȫˣǣ
һº󣬴ͷ£ҹδվڴǰŰȥ
ܹңңؿһ޳ǣ޳ǾǧǣǧĶǣҲǧڡ
Ϲ衣˵һʿ
ǽǧǣʱڸۿڵĴֻȻһǧңȴҲҡµĴڻؿͷ£Ҳڰ˻һƬæµľ
ҹδ˴ڳһСԺȻǧǶ
һµǧǲСԣҹδ뿪֮󣬺ܿʧȺСȻϵʿһʿͬҲܿͱϾҹδ伣ˡ
ҹδ޵СԺڸҲƶвסĵطÿҹδҲÿƣ˵ע⣬ֻٶȽ
ȫҪ
ҹδǧһסһ꣬һʱ䣬Ҳύ˲ٵѣһʷȵҲ˴ŵ˽⡣
Ǯͨκһ綼ͨãҹδ൱ڵһڵĲƸȻȱǮǮȻһӭж⣬ҪȻ̶ܹҪ˽ʲô飬Ҳͱü򵥡
ʵϣԴӴĵһ̣ͷ͵ŨȶҪԼԭڵߣҪ߳һࡣ˾ͿһʿΪ磬ӦƽԼǸߣڲ²⣬ⷽ᲻кϵǿߡ
οһû壬ڰȫϸ̫߳࣬弸ûеˡ£ȻΪӦúܸߡ


702 ͽ
ƻʱ֣ҹδһи㣬ȥھӼ͡Ҳ֪ΪʲôھҪ͡Ҳ˼ΣҲû롣
ھţǧǵųɡְλ˶ӣĶӽŶҫ
ŶҫҲһӣ꣬ǧѧԺ顣
һҹδǱ߲ͬûţȴŵ۹塣ÿһÿһķڣὨѧԺֻѧԺĴСѧԺܹװˣСѧԺҲһѧãʮˡ
ѧԺڵĿĿҲкܶ࣬Ʒ󣬹ָӵȵȡ
ǧѧԺѧԺĿȫѧܸߣҲСиȴΡŶҫĶӣױСࡣ
ҹδھӼңųɺܺÿͣҹδ뽫ϣȻĿһɨ
ôûмŴ磿
ȥӺ׶ˡһᵽԼӣųɱһЦݡ
ҹδͷһߺųţһ˼Լ顣ʵϣҹδԽ˽ⷽ磬Լڵ״Щ
Ҫҵĸ̫ˣһ̫ˣҲĸ׶ߵģ˿Ӧú״ûд˵ĸ粻Ǵϰ˴磬ԼĴѰңûϣԣΨһһ·ĸԼ
ĸԼ
ȻҪһԼԶͻźܴĿܱĸ֪ĸȻͻһԼҲԼ¶ˣҲࡣ
ǣڵԼûݣԼһֱأû⡣ԼһͻȻǾƱػ˵ע⡣ֻĸ磬ȴ鷳
Ҳ˵ҹδҪԼһݣһݡһԵݡ
ԼӺŶҫ˻ˡ׹ҹδʩʰǿ磬ϯպܺáϯʰӣżϱϲ֮ų˶ȥоʣųɺҹδ롣ҹδ˾裬ֻϲԡ
δ룬֪ΪܸߡųɳϿҵǿ˻ʿʱܹо
ҹδɫ䣬ֻǵŶԷԷԼԼҪϢɱԷףֻԼҪ뿪ǧˡҲҹδЩͷۣûݣⷽվһ鷳
Ҳ֪Ϊʲôڴˣһ£ȻҲк񱨡
ʲô¶
ųֳȰ֮ɫҵҲˣǧѧԺҪ׶Ϊʦ
ҹδ룬ЦˣҲ֪ԼΪܸܻᱩ¶ģϾÿԼҪȻѾѹˣҲϾƺҲһ᣺
ȰѺ׶нҿ˵
ųɫһϲ׶
ŶҫŶӱ˽һֱڲԶȴһŶҫ㽫Ŀųɣųɵ
δ뿴
ҹδ֣ױ˹Ϲùúá
ҹδ뽫ָ׵̽һüëһ¡˵׵ʻҹδĶȻǾ콾ȴҲ콾ʡֻͣѾ徳ءſϵָ
УˡѧԺϢʱΣ
عùãÿѮϢһգĩϢһա׹ػص
ҹδͷԺÿѮһɡ
ųɴϲȡһϵǰʦ񡣡
ҹδ뾫ɨһ£һǧʯȻϣǰʦȴòգԽҲϢһգҹδʽʦҹδǡ
պ
ųɺŶҫҹδסʽʦȻҹδųɺŶҫȥ״˿ͷڴϣҹδ˫̧𣬱еϽ׵ȫ֣ڵΪ磬Ͷ˽⣬׶ٵľܹϴ衣
ŵ
׵ͷоʹϮʦԼͣҧءȻʹֱߺߣȴҲûдг
ҹδ벻ɰԵͷҲǶ׵һ飬һӵ콾ʵˣǷܹɳΪ콾Ҫ־ҹδ⡣
ʱ
ҹδջ֣Ȼ뵽ԡңŪҩҺױҩҺ֮С׸оԼһӾͻ˹˵ǵھá
ϡ
ųɾٴݼҹδ룬ļû뵽Լֻȥҹδһ죬ͱҹδϴ裬ųʣԼһӾʹﵽ˴ԲֻҪ̰һµģͿԿʼͨˡ


703 
ʦݵҲֵ̫ˡ
ôͿкҹδΪͽȴûбҪΪϴ裬һԼǵʦ΢ˡ
ԣٴμҹδʱ򣬱Щִ١ΪԼòлҹδҲҪ̬ȣԼķϴʲô
ҲͿϲ壬ΪһЩ飬ûݡ
ųɫһⲻʲôûݵ˶ˣֻҪǮΥɣ¡
֪ҲһֱˣԶ
ųˣҲûа취Ҳ֪۹һٶ֮ǰŹ㷺֮ͨǰҲǢ໥֮սκһ棬ҪŪһݲѡҪԶ
Ҳ֪㾿ʲôΪز͡һΪܸߵʿͻȻ֣Щˡ
ҹδҲǹһ㣬ͷڴųɡ
ųɵһſ϶С
ҹδųɵŪݺף㲻ֳܱܸߵΪ룬ԪѾߵˡȻ֤ȥģֻҪһ֤Ϳˡһ¶һЩΪ˻˾㣬ҲͻˡֻÿչֳΪ̫ߡÿζҪһһʱ䡣
ܹϵĳѧԺʦ
ԣ
ʦʦְҵǷǳ𾴵ģͨȥĵϸ
ųɵ˼·ˣҶӾŪݲѡȻ㡭ȥĳѧõһʦ
ѧã
ԣǧѧԺȥˣʦҪΪҲ˻ǧڻһЩѧõģЩѧöһЩԼģӡȻĵӶȥǧѧԺֻ츳ôõģڼѧ
ҿԸƼһңǧǷһС壬Һ峤ЩϵҶӸŪݣʱҾ˵ʱһѵŮǧ׼ǧһʱ䣬ҵһʱʦӦû⡣
ֻǡ
˵̾Ϣһֻһ׶òָˡ
ҹδҲ뿪˵ģҪһطһʱ䡣һ׶Ļι̣뿪Ҳ׶һԴδĲұ֤ǾԲ㡣
ųɸˡǸ˻ȻԼҲһػͷ
У¾ͽҡ
ֻһʱ䣬ųɾͰ֤ˡһ֣ҹδ룬ĳصȵȣʮ꾡һǧˡ
գųִҹδȥ˷峤
һļ壬峤ͨһܵʿųɺͷͨĹϵȷʵų˵ʱʱ򣬰ͨæͨǷ飬ҲһֱûлỹųͨΪɴشӦȻ󽫹ܼҽ˹ùܼҴҹδȥѧá
ѧãԶܹҺģͬһг
ܼȴΪ⣬ҹδ͵Ҳ֪ڵѧԺѧĿɲ档˵ʵûнǧѧԺļӣ츳ȷʵУѧøҪѧϰָӣȵȣܹҵһְĹ
ҹδ¶죺ڶڽѧӦְ֪ʶɣ
ǣܼҡͷڿΡҲý֪ʶ
ҹδ͹ܼ˽Ҵ⣬͸ȥ̨һʦͷʲôѧûģֺһƬʮֻ֡Ǹʦȴͷ̧һ£ǻ
ҹδ벻¶Цֲ÷ͨôʹشӦԭҲûаʦ£ȫǻųɵˡ
ҹδ벻ӰҪҪҪӵŷЩоûһ츳õģ
ûзǧѧԺʣҲȫܲɣ
ҹδĿɨѧ棬ܹʮ˸ˣӼ굽ʮĶСĿһһʮһӣȴضŽ̨ϵʦ
Ǹ˭Ǹҹδʵ
зƣ峤ĳӡ˿˵ǻʮꡣ
ţҹδһ㣺͵Լ񰡣ôɰɡ


704 
ʱ¿ˡλʦ̧ƨɾߡܼҲΪ⣬ҹδ

Щѧվܼҽˣܼұȼʦ£һʵʵλϡλʦҲͣ¶Цݵ
ܼҡ
ţܼ̬ưصͷȻܵλǱʦλҹδʦ
ҹʦãλʦҹδ̬Ⱦûôˣصͷ
ʦãҹδȴ¶һ˿Цݡ
̨ܼǰ·ʮ˸ӵλҹʦӽǵʦ֪ʶ
Ǳʦأеʵ
ܼҲŲæԺɱʦ֪ʶҶʦʵսѵ
ⲻðɣʦˣⲻܲڣҷֿڿΣǲнˮҲȥһ룿ЦЦؿҹδ
λҹʦʲôΪ
ҹδڰ֣ȻԷܼҵҪְɡ
ܼ룬ͷаɣ
ƾʲô
ʦˣԭǻӣ˾ߣǾͲͬˡԺõӶҹδˣʱ׿ˣĳɼ̫ҾͰˡ
ôУ
ܼڲˣҹδ峤ģ峤ôãβ֪
峤Ƿųɵ飬˼ųҲ˵ˣҹδֻݵͣһʱ䣬ֲռλã
ռλΣ
ӣӦð㻻ˡո˵ʲôȴһֱû˵ҹδ뿪ڵ
Һͱʦʦ
һ£ܺʡÿһԼǱҹδ˽ЩӣʽϺõıضᱻԼҹδһʶȻָһӵ
ǣȻҹδֵˡ
ƣһ¡ҹδڽķƵ
һ£Ȼҹδǰ˵ͷܼңЩҲˡһ£Ȼˡ
˭֪ǷҵĶʮꣿ

ư˳ҹδ뽫ָ˷Ƶϣɫòÿλ֪ҹδ벢Ǻѡǻһ飬ˣҲһʽϺõĵӱߡܼ۾΢΢һУĺͱɲһ֮ǰѾҹδ룬ƻʮ꣬ѵҹδ뻹β
Ҫҽηƣ
ҹδܹҽηƣԷҵĶɾʹˡ
峤ĳӣ峤ֻӣӷƣʮꡣӣꡣȻҲãûнǧѧԺʱҲѧڣӶ峤̾ˡҲ峤ֵ˱˼ı㷽Ҽ̳ߵλá
Щ꣬ǳ˲顣ر꣬峤ܵĶӽǧѧԺ֮峤ܼ̳峤λãߡ
ʱҹδȴЩ˷ܣָһתȷǰķƺ֮ǰһģһʶһľţֻľҪ˰زԼڵķ磬ûǿߣûܹԼԼռ䣬ѾΪһ
ƵԼһԼ
Ҫ⣬ҹδ˵ܼ򵥡ֻҪʶڹһͿˡѹʶͬʱԶľڵΪҲͽ˷Ƶ⣬ٵһܿͻָ
ҾһľͲˡҹδɿ֣˵
͡
̲סЦˣԭղŻţΪҹδһ̽ѡԭֻǸJǹͷֻӣͲѡ
ˣ
ҹʦ
ҹδڰֹ֣ס˷ܼңҾͽһӣƣ
ܼؿŷƸҹδˣһֱ߳˷Ҵţ㼱Ҵҵܽ峤Ļ峤ųɻȲء
峤
ʲô¶ͨɫһŹܼһŵӣá
Ǹҹʦȥѧá
ܼҽ˵һ飬ͨɫͱˡһŵģҹδԼĶͼı죬һǶҹδ뱧һ˿ϣ
һԵųҲûеףͨ˹סˡ
ȥͨҲסˡڵվ˴Ҵȥ
ʵϣҹδ뻹ûߵңͱͨ׷ˡʵǷƵ̫ˣ߲졣
δ룡
ҹδųɵͷȥųɺͷͨԼ첽׷ܼҸ󡣿һ۾ԼļѾԶ
ȥ˵ɡ


705 ͽ
ͨȻļǼҹδһȻɫҲֻҹδסСԺͨͼ
ҹʦҪƶӣ
·ʱ䣬ͨѾˡҹδֻһƣһŷƻص˼Ǿ;ԲڷҵѧʦҪշΪ״ӡܹõȷϵĻǾ˵ҹδܹơ
ҹδͷȷд⡣
ͨɫһϲֺҹδ벻Ƶ飬Сʵ
ƶ֪
վһԵķƴʱҲһĽţԼԼ֪˵ʵѾң֪Լʮֻ꣬лһ˿ǿżѧáѾʮˣԽԽ֪Լľǿûá
𣬾ͿʼֵܵļͳЦŹ
տʼʱȥԼĸĸԼĸĸҲҹǵֵܣԼĲǣ˼ͬĻ˹ȥ˵ʲôСֺ֣֮α⣿
ʲô峤ػҪ㣬СӵֶҪܰɣ
峤ܵҲ̫ϸˣ˻᲻ᵢеĴ£
Ҫ峤λóרĹƶ
Ͳĸ״ˣһжԼܡԭΪԼѾûϣһƬڰ
ھȻ˿Ϊӣѵģ
ţҹδͷ֪
ܡκã
ܣ
ģ
ġ
ҽΣ
ҹδ΢΢üͷͲӦ֪ˣȻ㲻ԸΪʦԽȥ
⡭
ͨûȻһܵһܵǧط治ʲôȻһ峤ҲֻһС峤ϵûʲôǧǵľУọ̀Ķ򡣸Ϊ峤ڼе״ãǾ͸ûи߸ϵˡ
϶Ҳǲֻ漰Ķӡ
ʲô״
ԵʮˡҹδҽΣҽˣҲֻǰˡһҽЧأ
лǵĺͻɣϾųɸ߹ҹδֻԪ硣һܵȲԼĶӣó˴Ҳƣǧǵһڣûа취ҽΡ𡭡
벻
ҹδܹҽ
ˣ
ܵƶֻеˡ
һҹδ빰ֵҹʦƶͽˣһᱸһİʦ񡣡
ҹδҲûоܾʦ񣬱ͷ뿪ɣҪϸһƶ⡣
ãã
վԺŸϣȻԺĴ¡ͨѹ
Ŵ磬ҹδ룿
˵ʵʱųҲʮ𾪡ҹδܹҽηƣԼҹδǵ͹ˡͬʱҲǸˣԼҲҹδĵӰȴǵȻ
ģȻδƶΪͽһܹҽΡ
ͨһϲŴ磬˵ʵʲô
ųҡҡͷҲǺֻʱ򣬺ĸǺѡĸ뿪ǧǣ֮ƶĻԵҲҪʣ
ͨͷĿţжһ˿ڴ
ڡ
ҹδٴμһƵ壬Ȼ֪Ķ𣿡
Ƶͷҡҡͷ
ҹδڰֵʶһϵľšҲΪʶԻ᲻ϵسȡڵΪάֲʮ꣬ʱͻ
ƵͷССͣΪĥһִ䲻̬ҹδ⡣
Ҫܼ򵥣ʶڣ㹹һ֮״Ȼͻת
ģƾϲ
ҹδɫȻƭ㡣Ҫٷְٵҡһ˵ʶΪصĵطжֻҪһ˿ĿܣʶڹʧܣʧܵĽ߳ΪɵӣԣֲһˣϾǸһҵ˸ƣһ棬Ҳȫһˡ
Լһ£ڿԻȥˡˣΪʦǾ
ͨ
ƾ͹ˣؿͷӷưݼʦ
ҹδȴûǶˣҪ֪ҪٷְңǺԼ
̧ͷʦҵҲûʲôŵġʦ֮ǰֲʶҲܺӣͼʲôҲʦǿ˵һ߷·ӵĲϣſӡӲڰٷְʦһӶٷְʦ


706 
ãҹδͷȻȥɣһҪЩ׼̫ˣõһ¡
ǣʦ
վҹδҲŷ˳ȥ˸Ͻվͨ
ҹʦ
ҽ׼һ£һƶ
ããлҹʦ
ͨߣųЩĵδ룬аգ
ţҹδͷ壬ǧʲôĴ𣿡
СһţųɺܿͷӦ˹
ԣҹδͷûңһɳš
˻ųְҹδĵλ̫ˡ
ȵУÿ궼Уֻ߸µʱˡü𣿡
ֲ𣿡
֣
ҹδһ£ʱ򿴿ɣˣк׶Ǹε𣿡
У
ǵʱҲμӴȣУǱסУ𣿡
ǵǣ߶
Ǵ쿪ʼ
ųȻ֪ҹδԼӻʲôϲ
лл
ա
ͨ˰ʦҲֻһƷʯһų𾪵Ŀ⣬֪¶ڷҶ˽ˣҲֻһСļ壬һⷽ˽⣬ȥңҵռܹóôƷʯȷʵˡ
ȻҹδҲûƴǣǰʦ񣬶ԼڽṩԴһƷʯţһë㲻ϡ
ҹδֽǸϳ˷䣬ų񲻶ķͨԺĴ¡ʱյķš
ڡ
ҹδ뿴վڶķƣ׼𣿡
ţͷ
ҹδԭҪϥԼĶ棬ǿӣֲôã
ȥ¡
ǣʦ
£ҹδվڴߣʲôҲҪ룬Ҫִʦ
ǣʦֿҹδ룬ҹδѾܹץסһݡ
ҹδڷƵѾʮ˽⣬Ƶˮϵʮ׽ˮϵչ°빦
ҹδü˳ʮؽ뵽ƵʶҹδûмŹǽΪһֻ۾ʶܿһȦҲ⡣ƻǷľ콾ʶʶĴСԼࡣ
ԼΪռ䣬ȻԼⷽȻûռ䣬ԼʦܹɳñԼ졣Ⱦ˲˵ǰڵĽضԼûʦԼ˿öࡣ
ҹδ׼ƹһˮϵΪǿ󣬷Ǻˮϵߵĵܹͷš
ҹδٶȺܿ죬ĵֲǷʶڵľҹδľڷʮ⡣ƶľû˿ִطſԼ飬ҹδľʶڹ
ҹδڵķ磬һٶޱȣҲǲһʱʱ䣬ڷƵʶڹһ
ڴɹһ˲䣬Ƶʶ㲻ڵɱʼԶתΪ
һһֱԼ侲ķƣˡʱʱ̵̿ظоԼڷ·һ󶴲ϵسȡԼڵκһУһ̣Ǹ󶴹رˡ
۾һжΡ
һֻļһ£ɣоô
ΪٶҵĶˣʱȴ˼
ʦҡҷǳãԭڷ·һڶǸڶʧˡ
ţǳãҹδͷʶڱҹһЧָǸϾҵľģԼģԴһߺϰһ߲ϵȥĦʶڵǸʶŶ;ʱʦὫǸȡȻԼһԼı
ǣʦ
ƶҲһСӣȻ֪Ҳ˵
ڴ֮ǰȻָһɣȥǸԡͰС
תͷȥڷԡͰʦָߵǸԡͰǰ˽ȥ档ֻ˲䣬ͲؽгֻΪʦڣǿס
һӾûô
ҹδתӿͷȻƿ˴˳ȥ
ԺĴ£ͨųɼæվ𣬷ͨŵҹδ
ҹʦƶô
ûˣǿԽȥ
лҹʦ
˱Ҵҵؽ뵽ͷȻ󿴵һԡͰڣǷͨܵԡͰǰֻᵽһ˿ҩҺζɫһ䣬ָ̽뵽ԡͰУȻɫò


707 
ȻȷԡͰڵҩҺֵΣܹȷһԡͰҩҺļֵԲһƷʯҲ˵Լ˰ʦһƷʯҹδһӾ֮һ
ο⻹δֻһƷʯ
ʱųҲԡͰڵҩҺȻ󿴵һԡͰֳڴ֮ɫ
ƶ㡭оôͨŶڴʵ
ףҸоǳã
ʦôҽκõģ
˼һ£ҡҡͷûʦͬ⣬Ҳ˵
ã˵˵Ҳȥʦͨŵذڰ֣Լȥҹδ룬ǵҹδ벻ˡ
úȳȥ
ּͨҴҵسҹδһףҹʦлл
ҹδڰ֣ƶҵĵӣӦõġ
ͨͷҹδ˵òҹδĵӣϣʦĵλʱҪĸʦҪṩһԴҲҪΪʦһУ
ҹʦƶܹ
ܣͳ·ӣ츳ҪһЩ߷ȴһ콾
콾ͨһ£ɫϲǡܳΪ𣿡
Ѿ൱۶Ҳܹ̳ļҰˡ
û⡣ҹδ뵭˵
̫ˣͨŴ֣ҪʲôԴҾȥ׼
ҹδڰ֣ҪԴһ׼ļʵ𡣡
ǡ
ͨŵӣҹδڰ֣㲻ض룬ʦṩԴҲ쾭塣
ͨĬȻȷʵ쾭壬ȴҲ֪ʦԵӸԽ࣬ǵҲرԽࡣ
ҹʦʶҹδͲųҲı˶ҹδĳƺҼͷڻһԡͰ
Ǹ׶׼ģɣ
ʯϣųɫ뵽Լǵʦȫ޷ҹδ׶ṩԴȣҲЩ
мҪѯһ¡ҹδ
ʣͨųͬ
Уƶͺ׶ܹȡúóɼҼǧѧԺһʦа
ǧѧԺʦֻԪ
ͨͣҲ뵽ˣҹδԲһԪ򲻿ҽԼӡ
ҿͻˡҹδ뵭˵
ͨһۣŪأ
ʱͨҲֹҹδ벻Ųɣ̽Ӱɣ
Ļһ֣Լļɾͻˡ
ҹʦΪʲôҪȥǧѧԺν̣
йһǧѧԺʦݣܹһЩ
Ҫ뿪ǧǣͨʱֹ˲ҹδǲ̽ӵˣǹҹδ뿪ǧǣԼô죿
ţһǧǴһʱ䣬õǧѧԺʦʸνһѧڣұ뿪
һ£ͨû˶ҹδݵĵģ˼Ҷˣʲôͷ
ǵԼӵ⡣
ƶ
ʱ˵ɣһ뿪ǰ̵ƶͺ׶Ǵ¼ʵĻ˵˵ҵ¶
ͨ룺ҹʦƶ飬ǧȻǶ֪Ҳв֪ҶҲЩϵƶܹӦľнǰʮҹʦ뵽ǧѧԺӦû⡣
һԵųҲͷ׶ҲܹǰʮʱҡھͿʼ׶ΪʦˡʱضȵȥǧѧԺСʦӦû⡣
ҹδͷһǧѧԺҲϸ˽⡣
ҪΪǧѧԺʦΪҲҪ˻˻ʿҲֻܹСʦ
СѧԱǸεģӴ徳ʼһֱˣʦҲ˻ɼҪΪǧѧԺʦжѣ
ΪǧѧԺõѧԺߡλҲߣ̫ҪΪǧѧԺʦ
ҪΪǧѧԺʦҪʵҪб͵λ
ҹδû͵λˣʵֲչ̫ǿͻȻðͲҲֻܹ
Ǿͷλˡ
ųɺͷͨ뿪ˣ˳ȥԼӰҹδȥˡҹδǻص˷
ʱԡͰڵҩЧѾһգƳ·վҹδǰ
ʦ
оΣ
ƵֳϲɫǳãʦҸоڳ
ҹδ벻ЦĴ䣬ڵ廹ԶδﵽӦе۷״̬Ժÿ춼һҩԡ
лʦжҹδ˸мˮֹظҹδͷ
ɣڴ


708 
ϣԼˡҹδԡͰڡ
׶ҩԡǽһʣرľͶȡһº׼ʼͨסһڣͨ
ǣ
һ˿ʧԭͿʼͨȴû뵽ʦǧѧԺСķֻ꣬ԲһСšԭͨʱ԰һ¡
Ƿӣҹδ뿴źЦСҲס˼԰Ҳֻǿо磬û似ǸһҲвסһᴫڸ似úø
ʦһ似ѧԺˡ
Ŷҩԡˣҿ
ˣ׾͡
ҹδ뿴źЦ㲻ٴԷƵһ£ѧϰĻ֪ʶһºҴ
ǣʦ¶ΥĲЦݣӦһȻͷղżصķ֪ʶ
ʱСԺڣҹδʯϣվҹδ󣬺ؿվСԺס
һСӢͦͽҹδһ֣ʦѧԺеǳȭ
ţҿ
顭
ױҹδȴ΢΢ҡͷֻȭҲǲˡȭʺף׵Ҳʮ˽⡣ʮ׽ϵⳤȭˮϵʺϣȭҲһ㣬ҹδ뿴еǸõ似͹
ʦôڴؿҹδ롣
ȭͦġҹδʵʵ˵
ʦ
С죬һίԼðɣǧѧԺͨȭСѧԺѧģܴģôˣ
͡
ųд鱾һʯϵķûסЦּæס죬͵͵ȥʦʦûпظһԴĲ֮Ը񶼿ࡣ
ҹδһ似ͦһ似ʺ㣬ǳϵڻΪҲֻܹ似硣֮ͨ󣬱ܹıԵǸʱȭʮܣ㶼ʹһɡ
ԺҪȭˡ
ޣ
׵ͷҺʦ죬ΪʦһܹΪԲѧԺСзɧڣжʦʮֳݡ
ҽ촫һȭɽȭԡɽȭֻʮʽѧӣȻÿָ㡣
ллʦ״ϲ
ҹδվˡ
һʱҹδ뽫һԼȻһһĽطƽ˹
ʦ˷ܵվҹδǰҲҪѧ似𣿡
ţȺѧ֪ΪʲôҪѧ𣿡
ҡͷ
ΪҪѧܣʦóԶ빥ԷŷһŹݰɣ
ţŹ
ԣ㲻ܱ˴򵽣ʱҪ͵˱־룬Ҫѧԭ𣿡
ף
ˮϵҴ貨
һʱҹδڰֵǻȥɡ
Сʩ뿪ҹδУ԰׼ҾڸڣԼͻؼˡͨͰź⣬ҷͨӶӡ
̤̤̤
ŷȥͨ˷ƽ˽Ḷ́ͷ
úúʦѧ
һģף
һȥƺÿ춼ҪһҩԡҹδᴫڷƷ֪ʶָ貨Ҳָ׵ɽȭ
׵ɽȭѾģƵ貨ҲģҲֻģҹδĻ˵һЩƤëӽš
һա
ҹδ뽫ӽеǰɽȭ貨ѾЩģˣȴûн֪Ϊʲô𣿡
֪ʵʵҡͷ
ֳǵ̫ˡ
ǱҹδЦڵˮƽҲֻǻӣ˿ģȴ˵ġ֮ͣͲǰΪҪʵսˡ
СһӾ˷ʦҪǳȥ𣿡
ҹδбӣ㣿ͨҰһҧġ
׹˹죬ͷ
Ӻ쿪ʼ׶ƶӡ
һ
԰
һȭһǶĶ֣˱㶼˷
أʵ
ȥúϢǺ׶ѮݡȽ̸ƶĹ縨׶ͨ
ƺ׶һۣ˶ʮ˷ܡ
ҹδڰ֣ȥ
߳ԺţסףʵʦܣǧѧԺʲôˮƽ


709 
ǧѧԺСࡣСǴ徳ڻһĴ徳ڴ徳Ѿһ㡣
ѧԺҲзʦѧԺӦʲôΣ
ʦֻûпʼֻ֪ʶҲǸΡʦѧͽ
ڷʦѧͽʲôΣ
ʵʵ˵ҲӦͲΣΪ㶼ûпʼ
ɫһȻսȭͷͿˣһᳬԽǵġ
ա
ƺһˣȦ
û˯ãҹδЦʵ
˶˼صͷʦ̫˷ˡ
ûʲô˷ܵģ˷ܵں档ƶȴ׶ԼԺһɽȭ
ǣʦ
ҹδŷ߽˿ͷõķڸ˷ƣȻԼϤԱָ㡣ܹԼ֮󣬱㽫׽˽䴫ڸͬԼԼһָ㡣
˹ȥ죬ѾϤ˹Ž˽е˸ǰ
ƶ
ʦ
Ѿ֪ˣʶһһ֮󣬾ܹҪõıһһظԣʦŶ;֮ٿʼ
ǡüμӴ𣿡
ģüʦ㡣
䣬ҹδȡһ̣ȻһУԴԴϵĵϣעڡЩϱɢȥˣϱԽԽŨ֮о̲ŨľأŨѾΣֳɫʣҹδͣ
ƶȥɡվٶȽǱ˵ǧ
ֳϲǧٶȣ˵һ죬ڱһǧ죿
ʦʲô簡Լĸ׿ܵҲû°
ż飬߽̣ϥ£ʼоŨľͬһӿԼʶ
ҹδ뿴һĽ̼ʦ
ҹδȡһ̣ȻصһʯЩʯҹδ˫ֲٿأ˲仯Ϊ촷ۣ̲صľɢ˳Ũװ
ȥɣ
ޣ
˷ܵ˽ȥ
ʱһȥÿӶһʱȻڷƿʼд衣
ֹȥһ£׵ɽȭţƵ貨Ҳšʶһһأ״ͨ˾
ÿһһ㡣˵似ڷɿؽӽСɾ硣
һա
ҹδԺ̷һµ似
ƶڵ貨ҪСˣֻܹ㻹һ͵Ϯ߱˰Χ㲻ʱҪһ似ܹһ·ܣ롣
ƼˣЩһֱԼСʦܴ򣬶ȴֻܹ㣬ˡʦҪԼ似ˡ
ҹδӴָȡһƣһεĶƣƵʮַͬĽ⡣ƵҲɷͬĵС
Ƿذ
ƿһƣʧ⻹ǰ似
Ƶı飬ҹδЦƺĶʲôͬ
ϸһ£ֳϲ
ʦҪҵ似ܹ
ȻҹδͷƿɲǷأͨĶҲײĽֶΡҴ似ײн͵ڡⲻ似ǵΪˣܹͨ
㿴ˣ
ҹδ뿪ʼһһʽشڸƣֻоʽʱҹδʯϣŷʱָһ䡣

ԺͣȥԺŴ򿪣ʦܣôˣ
ҹδתͷȥųɺ״棬ųŭִ޾ĳǱͷҹδͳųɺ˹
ҹʦ
ôˣ
СѧԺǻˡ
ҹδףʲô
ҡԬ۸ˣҽѵȻҴˣ󡭡󡭡ѧԺҿˡ
ҹδɿüͷС£ͲΪ⡣СӴܣ״СģȻ˴ģѵԼȥŴ
ܵģ
Ǹˣ
΢еǣױѧԺˡͿ˰ɣԼڣʲôѧԺ

Ԭǿ
Ԭүү򡣡ųɷŭ˵
Ͷˣ
ʲô鷳𣿡
ǵûСųҡͷ
Ǿɡ
ųһ㡣
ҹδ뵭صѵ㻹ȥЩСӣ


710 
ǡǡ
ûʲôǣڣǸѧԺϲҲûʲôáҪǾú׶Լ
սȭͷʦһġ
аɣȻ㲻ѧˣҴǳȥһʵսһߴڡ
ҹʦҪȥʵսųɵˡ
ţսĶǻӡ
ǡǲеС
ڣʲô
ǡܸܲȥ
аɣֻܹһ˸ţ׶ǳȥģȥġ
ףһȥ
ҹδ˷ƣҲһ˸ţֻһ
ǣʦԾ˷ܣȥǰֻܹΣھȻˡ
ˣǸҳȥĸ£ʱμȡʱɱʦʧ
ضʦʧͷųս⡣
ҹδתųɣ壬Ȼȥ׼һ°ɣһ̡
ãų֪ҹδҪˣԼԱ߿ȥ
ҹδĿ׵ϵѡһѡԼһһشͨһʦһٴͨеľﵽͨԲĸ϶ȣδĸҪˣʦ㲻ͣսÿζҪǱھ򵽼¡ҪΪҰ޻޳ˣҲͳˣʦְæ
ҡԥһ˲ȻĿüᶨҹδ빪ʩʦæ
ãƶؼҰɣȥ㸸ףһ
ǣʦʦ
ʲô¶ҹδ뿴
ʦ㿴ѧĲܣǶܣûн似ֳֶܣֻš
ҹδЦˣûͷŷģһʦ
Ŷ
УǶܿɲǷأҲúôĦ
ǣʦ
ȥɣ
ҹδ׽뵽ͷ
ϥ¡
ǣʦ
ҹδҲϥĶ棬ץס׵һֻ֣Լ͸˳ȥڵΪؿԼǳ͵ؿʼͨһҲͲʱʱ䣬㽫ȫľͨ
һ֣ɢȥ˷ڵĳζϽȥϴ衣
ҲŵԼϵĳζͨ˳ȥ
ŵŵɡ
ܻ˼ңųһһֱԺССӰճųɶŵһɳζȻ㿴һС϶һʡ
׶ųЩȷʵ
үүҪϴ裡
ŶŶϴ裡
׵ĸ׼æ׼ϴˮųɵҲԡңȴ׿е֪ôһѾҹδİ£ͨһųɵûϲŵġ

ųɰڰֹ֣סԼĶӣȻָ׵ϣһ̽׵壬ϸϸļ׵壬죬ų׵﷢
Ŷҫˡ
ʷҲûּɵķǿдͨ°ˣӰʿĸǰ;ޡʱ׷
ף׶
̫ˣųɱѣһƬ𾪣׶ľǱԼͨһûһ˿ˡ
ŶҫŴ죬һšҲŸףϾ׿˻ʿһǲῴġ

ʲôŶҫּˡ
ǾЩ鸡ҹʦΪʲôҪź׶ȥˣ͵öսܹ纻ʵ
Ŷҫɬ䶯һº᣺ףô˵Ⱥ׶ʵ˾磬һͨԲʿ
ԣ
ͨԲ
ŶҫĻųҲӦͨԲҲȥǰ޹ˡ
ųͻȻЦ֮ʱ׶ضǸʱҵҪǧѧԺ
ףųЦ£ŶҫСʵ˵ҹʦʲôΪôܹ׶һԴͨеľһ˿ˣ
ųɫһ㣬̶¶һ˿⣺ûв´ĻΧҹʦҲһΪź׶ȥһΣҪȥ
סŶҫ󼱡
û£ҹʦûҵ˼ֻˣͲܼȥվú׶һȥҲȥˡ

ͨһվԼǰķƵƶͲ˸ȥˣһ˸ʦȥͺá
ǣף
ŷߺ󣬷ͨǸֳһ˿Цݣųɰųɣֻ˻ˣ۽Ҳխ˰


711 ع
ա
ֻСҹδҲû⣬뿪ǧǣһ˵ĵطЮһƬɽУû룬ΪͣҪɱҰ޿ʼ
һ쿪ʼƺ׾Ͳϵؾ
ҹδִ˷һ׽ɽ
ÿɱϵغҰսɽȭɽֶƣּ貨
ҹδϥڲԶһڹӡϣһ߹۲ӡһ׼ʱ֣һ棬ʱָӵս顣
˻ƻʱ֣극֮󣬱ԼҹδҲչĵϼΪŨΪ̫ͣϸǣǶҲûһ˿򡣵ǣЯ˾ȴҪҹδУҪŨٱ
ÿڰ춼ľԼ;ƻʱֵ֮ٶһμӿ˽ʮ
ҹŻ˯ڶ賿֮ٴս
£Ƶľ÷ǳ죬һºʶѾء׵ľҲʵɡһ£ȫʵﵽͨԲɽɽȭҲսн뵽Сɾ硣ƵĶܷ貨Ҳ뵽Сɾ硣
º
Ƶʶأȫʵͨľ硣
׶׼ɣΪʦ㻤ҹδ뿴Լ׵
ǣʦ
һļ㣬Ȼ㿪ʼת䣬ҹδ벢ţ׸Ͳ¡һԵķĽס
ҹδЦҲĽڷǧǲμӴ֮ǰʦض㹹ԼıΪһʦˣôãÿ춼ʶڣʦµĴյôˣ
վųˡƹػص
ܺãһ£ضܹȫա
ţƶһܹȫա
ҹδͷǶףԼһʱҹδֳ΢Ц׿ɹǹ̺ʵĽ׶ˣµʱ䣬ȫ㹻
һ¹ȥ
׵ɽɽȭ뵽ɾ磬ƵĶܷ貨Ҳɾ磬ʶ˾Ŷ;ءҹδû˷ʱ䣬Ŷ;صʶһȫû⡣
룬ԼĵɾŶ;صʱԼ̣ɸпԼûһǿʦ
ֵԱĽؿŷˣҹδѾʶڵǸȡ˳ɷԼ
һʱ䣬ӳƻ裬عϲ۵
ʦҳɹˣ
ܺã쿪ʼʦڸʦķͬʱȥս
ӵֳһ˿ݡ
ú£ʵնɱû⣬ˣʦڣġ
һ£ҹδӳĸ¡ѾΪһĴʦһǴʦжģҪһսʦս鼫ΪḻҲΪһĿжʿҹδָ£Լ似Բ硣
ǧǳſڡ
ƺ׸ҹδ󣬿ž޴ĳţһֻ㱡Ȼֻǹȥĸ£ǵĸо·ȥʮꡣĸǾڲϵɱ¾жȹССͣѾɢɷһƬٺͣ˵оȻһ˿Ӧ
ҹδԺǰҹδӵؼǵļˣǲǿʼˣѾʼȥ
ǣʦǻȥˣӹʩҹδڰ֣ƿԼԺ˽ȥ
ϴһ裬ոճ극Ժű㱻졣ҹδ뾫һɨųɺվ棬֪ӦҲǸոճ극˹Ժŵ
ˣ
ҹʦ
δųɿڣһſڣͨ϶̲סĿܣ
ҹʦ
ˣɣ
ĸ˽ҹδ룬ųɺͷͨƺվ˺档
ųɵΪ͵λȷͨͣԲûȿڡͨ
ҹʦлл㡣
ҹδ΢΢ҡͷƶҵĵӣظл
ԣ˵Ķԣͷιȥ
ԣҲ˼ųҲæڡ
ҹδͷ֪˿ʼԼǧײ㣬ֻһʼҲһʼ
ա
ҹδ룬ͨųɣŷƺȥײμӵȣƲμӵǷȡΪʦ֣Ȼȥص㶼ǧ㳡ǧ㳡źܶдȱȱȱȵȡ


712 ȵ
ÿһִȶʮ
ԣȱŶӵ࣬üҹδųɴȥŶӣǺͷͨһ𣬴ŷȥŶӡ
ȥŵĶǷʦһ飬ʦĶʦĶһӾͶ˺ܶࡣҲֶֻ飬ÿһָǲμӴȵġǰ˿˿ˣȾųʮķƣôǴʦ
ûйӦǴ档Ӧˡ
ף
˲Ƿͨ
ͨϾҲһС峤ЩġҲҪһЩԻЩʦʶͨЦ
峤ôˣλǣ
ͨϴŽҶӱλҶӵʦҹδ롣
ӱ
ϲֳ˹Ź֮ɫǿɶ֪ƻʮ飬һʦȻʲôȵ
֮ǰһ˰Ķκˣ
ԣκҶӵľҶӵʦ
ҹδ밵ҡͷⷽҾֻһС壬ǧǵӰ̫ˡҲƴԼˣûж֪
ʦɿҹδ룬ٿơдŲš
ǡλҹʦμӴȱ
ͨЦøãҶӱ
ӱʦȻ˰˶ȡ
ԣͨصͷ
峤ûиǴʦӵĲκˣҲûһɣ
ţ߸ˡ
㲻ǣ߸µʱ䣬ѾǴʦ˰ɣ
ԣҶھǴʦ
ΧһûٻɣΪҪģˡ˼ҸͲ˵ġ
ֻǡôôã
û˵鶼ǰôһأиҹδ빰ֵ
λҹʦʲô磿
ڣҹδ뵭˵
໥һĿ⣬Ȼ󶼳ĬȥĲԸţһʮĺһʦǰƺҲ󣬾ѾǷڡ
ȵȿ
˶һ˼һתתȻ
λλһʮĴʦȱòã
ৡ
еĿⶼ۽˹ǸǸ˶Ŀ۽˹÷ƶܲˡҹδһֻ˷Ƶļϣ

һӾ͵ˣڶʦݵ˲ãоֻҪʦߣһж⡣
ȻҹδЩÿλõĴʦͷлл
˱ǰǸܱʿҲһʦŷһʺã
Ǵʦ
ţѧҹδ뵭ıͷ
ʿǳ鴤һ£ǽı
ã
Ƶͷ˵һһüкǴΧĴʦ𾪵ſڽࣺ


Ǵʦ
ʮĴʦ

Ϣ쫷һڹ㳡Ϲ˳ȥڹ㳡Ͼۼ˶ˣ
ʮ
бģġϢԼٶǧɢ

һ̫Ҵ߽鷿

ţڿĿļ̧
ǱߴϢһʮĴʦ
ʲôʿ衣ʱҲ¶һ˿𾪡
ʦʲôʮĴʦǾ̫ʲôˡ
صĲǴʦʦֻʮֻ꣬ҪʮĴʦչһǰ϶Ű˳ɻΪڣɻΪ
˾콾˵ˣǷڵ۹ҲǾ콾ķţʲô
˲š
ʲô
ƣǧеһСӣס߸ǰಡĸ׷ͨĴҽȴ޷Σұ֪ƻʮꡣǣ߸ǰһҹδʿƸΪʦȴƵļκãշΪӡ
Ŀһ˼ǣǸҹδǧȺҽ޲ߵļȻ߸µʱ䣬һĺӽ̳˴ʦ
ԣ
Ŀ䣬ʱҹδȤȷƻ
ҹδʲô
һ˼ңʱĸȥʮʱ򣬸Ÿ׽ɽԣһȥء߸ǰͻȻصǧǣǧһԺӡһһĵӡ
΢΢üͷЩ
ǣǻȷˣֻʧ˼ʮʱ䡣
ʲôΪ
˵Ԫͷھ硣


713 
һɣΪʲôܹһδӴĺӣ߸µʱ̳˴ʦţҹδҲû
ˣ˵һӣֻꣿ
ԡ
Ǹ˭ʲôΪ
Ǹֳ̫Ź֮ɫǸӽףԭǧѧԺСѧԺ
ԭʲô˼
ˡ
Ϊʲô
ΪСԬǧѧԺ۸ˣ׿ȥֽԬˡȻԬĸԬְ״ˣ֮ѧԺͰ׸ˡ
衵ɫû˿仯ֹ۸С̫ˡҲӲ顣ˣΪѪгֵΪôĺЩȨֵΪһƽˣʵ
ǸʲôΪ

ʲôȻ
ǿ
˻Ҳɵһҹδ벻򵥰
Ǹ̫Ҳͷܹ̳˽ܳӣڵˮƽӹɡȻǷȴԵǧѧԺʦˡ
衵ͷʱҹδЩѾҪˣֻǧѧԺʦֲǵְ˵ֻкôûк
ȲȿӴȵĽ˵
ǣ
ҹδʱѾص˼ȻҪȰ¡ҹδɴӡʵϣƴʱʶѾŶ;أԹͻƷˡڴʦ磬۾û˱ȵùƣҹδ벢÷ھͻƷڣΪƵľȻˣǶڷѧϰʦķҲֻѧɣÿҹδ붼ᴫµķѵƷٶȡ
ҲԿʼˣֻҹδҲûпʼͻƣͣشĥеľ磬Ͳϵѵ似
ȻҹδҲÿķѾԲڵҲͬڴĥ磬ΪͻƷ׼
µʱת˲
ڿʼˡͬʱʼͬһط
ıǧ㳡ȻμΪ㳡Ϊȵĵص㡣
ҹδһʱ䣬ȥӷƵı귽ƵıӦûü׵ı
ҹδŷͨ˶㳡˺ܶˡƵͻȻֱڷҾһ漣ܱʲô˼ˣҪƾʵΣҲþݴ˾ԼѡҪ֪Щ꣬ΪͨˣҲֳ˼ɣܲȻͨһСӣһ㡣
㳡
μӱ˲࣬Լֻǧңķʿǧ˶Ƿʦ磬Ҳֻٶ˲ǴʦЩʦҲʮͷʮķƾرĿ
ҹʦͨͻȻЩ
ôˣҹδתͷȥ
ˡ
ţ
ҹδҲһΪӦʱų
ôھˣ
ҹδĿŹϯȥȻڵһӣڹϯ롣ҹδ뿴һۣҲջĿ⣬ڲĹԼĵӡ
ıܼ򵥣ǸÿһʱƷʱ䡣һʱÿʦķᱻ档Ȼ㿪ʼսȲ̨ʱ򣬻Ὣķߣֻܹ÷һʱķˣ֮ǰķƷͺҪƷٶȸΪҪ
ˣһʱڣķֻжʮţһʮţʲô
ҵⳡ֮󣬻ʤǸʿʣµķᱻ档һáƷƷҲҪķȻռơֻķʱҲȻ٣Ϳʿѡˡ
ҹδĿɨеķʦȻ΢΢ͷ¶Цݡ
ҹʦôͨŵʵ
û⣡ҹδǸ׺үү𣿡
ˡͨڴʦӪеİ׺үүôˡֻһʦ
ҹδ뿴ͨʱͨҲоΧżĿ⿴вһݡҹδЦ
峤Ʈ˰ǺǺǡ
ͨɫһ䣬ȥĿЩؿôʦĺرһʿĿصŷͨ
Ҫ֪μӴȵĻвˡҹδͬĿ⿴
λүӦʵǿĴʦڲ֪սȴ֪ƷٶģƷƷҲܸߡ


714 ϳ
ҹδľעһĻѾǳʵˣ֮ûͻƷڣʶضͲЩϧˡ
ǡƶأͨŵʵ
ģƶ֮ϡҹδЦе
ʱǸĿɫһǰҹδ빰ֵ
λҹڣ
ҹδĿһң֪ϳң
ʿֳһ˿Цݵҹڿ»֪ǧǵɣ
ң
ǰĵӷƱĵӺҹڵʹǧǡرҹڣһʮĴʦһĿ
ҹδɫδȴϲáԼߵ·ûдӣܹԼֻ̫СˣԼջҪȥ۹
ҹڣһ̡ǸʿΪ
˵
еλүҵĸס
ҹδͷͨ϶ֳ֮ɫҹδ뻹ãϾԼû˵λүӻͨʱȴε˼㡣
δ̡ҹδ빰Ϊ
½ʯ壬ûз츳ߵҸʯƣҹڿҸϣͻƷ𣿡
˵ûϣҹδûоԵ飬ҪͻƷȷʵѡ
а취
޷ǾһЩĵر
ҹδȻܹǸүӣֻҪԼʱԼԱ߾ͿԡԼûеҲģΪ˵ϰߣ顣
ʯֳʧ֮ɫʵѾ֪ûʲôϣǼҹδܹ̳ʮĴʦ̲סǰʡϵʧҹδҲ̾Ϣ̫˿ڷ֮ǰͻƣԪľġ
үӵĻǳʵʵҾõЩӣڴʦ棬û˸ʺϴˡ
ʯĬȻ
Աߵ˴ʱҲ²ͨǷƵĸףЩĿʧˣĽĿ⡣
һʱܿȥƱı˹
ʦף
ƶ˶ŷͨæʵΧҲ˶䡣
ʮš
˻Χһ
ҹδصͷ
ллʦϲ̡
һúñȡͨҲһԴ
ţʹͷ
һӵʱ䣬ԾͿʼˡ
ȿʼȻǷʦֻֻһ֣֮ĴʦҲˡ
¡¡
㳡һ̨һαǶٸʦԾʦĶԾܿ죬ҹδ뿴һЩ˶ǴķʦǴ÷Ծˣ˭ķ˭ܹȡʤҷ࣬Ǿͱ˭ķࡣܹôʮŷеķʦ˲ʮŷͷˣȻǶķʦʤֻļʦű˼ܹñȻ£Ҳ似СɵĶûм˵Բǵ似ƷҲܵ͡
Ҳ֣ǵľѧϰ϶ôܻʱȥ似
㣬ʱ򣬶ҹδŨľŸƵʱȥ似
οҹδְֵḶ̌һְֵḶ̌Щʦܹȵ
رǵƵʶﵽŶ;֮Ǽﻹõʱ䡣ѧϰ°빦
һʱʱ䣬ʦĵһִȾͽˡȻǴʦĵһִȡ
ʦֻٶˣһ̨жˡ
ҲڵһĶһʮҵˡŷƾȻһǶ¶ȡ
ڵķƷǳܹע
һʮĴʦ벻ܹעС
ϯϵĹҲĿһƻ似
վ̫༱æûеƴûйȶū룬ǻ似ӦҲǿ
衵ͷϾƵܹΪʦѾףλܹͬʱ似
һƣҲǷá
ʼˡ

һ죬ǸʦһŷϣǷÿʦսʱʵ϶ӣرǷһ¡
ѾзԱԼǷһµʿûУҷʦͨûдﵽϸ𣬲壬ʿ壬ϾˡԣͨʦǺڷصʿӡʿǰأʦں
ǣǴȣǷʦ֮ĶԾȻӡ˷ͷڵһλ
ҹδҲû࣬ȫҪġҲ˽̵Ƶġ


715 
Ʋҹδ룬Ƿ˫ޡսʱ򣬿ԲԼͷŷֱƲСԣҲԼͷһȻ˾Ϳʼ໥ͷŷ
㷽ͨǷʦֻǿһ໥Ĺ֪ԼĶӮˡһֵú¶˳
Ϊͷŵķ׼غǸʦϣԷͷŵķ󲿷ֵܶƵ貨ˣһɢҲеĶƵסûϵķ
ԷȲᲽҲûжƣһװ壬ֻ£ͱɢˣﻹٴͷŷĻ᣿
һŷͽԷܡ
ֵʤ
ϯϣ΢΢ͷӦþδȴʦĿˡ
ԱߵļʦҲ׷׵ͷǶͷŵķҪȶԷһЩ˵ķƷáǻַͷŷٶҲܿ죬˵ƵľҲǿʵֻ㣬ѾȷƵʵδǿġοƻһֿͺĲеĶܷƺҲ
⻹ǵһ˭ǵһ
һ۷庬Ц£ҶԷƵʦȤôģֻ߸µʱ䣬㽫һδѧˣڵ
÷Ժǿȥҹδ뽻һ£ˣӦÿԳΪǧѧԺķʦɣ
÷ǧѧԺԺԺЦд⡣
ȥȰɣҹδ뻹һӣҹδҲȥۿ
ֻǵһֵķȣԭЩڼǻҲôࡣǱŷˡʱƵıѾҽѾӽβЩҲ㳡ȥˡ
ҹδҲʹŷƺͷһǰ㳡
㳡ȿɱȶ㳡ֶˣΪȲμӵҪԶԶڷȡҷֵĲҲࡣ
Ϊ徳ͨ
ȿʼȻǴ徳Ǵ徳߶Բμӣڴ徳ʲôΡǲ徳۷ʿǲģǼ߲ŻⳡͷԼĹʣȻĸܿУԼΪͽΨһĿġ
ֻһµнʮĴ徳μӣ⻹ֻһС֣ϾоԼţΪûдﵽ۷ǲġ
Ҵ徳ıҲų̂һֺܷܵĸоڼΪĹ㳡ϣһ飬һ飬ÿ൱һ̨徳߾ڷˡ
ԣеúܿ졣һξˣҲξͽ˵һֵĴȡ
ҹδʱ򣬴徳ĴͽˡͨĴҲӽβ
ͨĴǫ̇̄㳡һǧ̨ͨҲ٣нҲǱһսܿеͷġΪҲͨڣٵ͵ǾŰˣ˵
ҹδ˿˲һʱͨıͽˡ
ʱҲ˹ϯϣԱ߱ǧѧԺԺ׿׿Ҳףһ־Ǹס衵ݣҲһֻԲһ־͹ʵ׳ֵ̫ˡ
Ŀ
μӴȵıĴ徳ûУôһܲĿ
Ѿʼˡ
Žʿμӣÿһǧˣһײûϡϯϵ˶ȱȱԶδӢԾľʳ֡
׿衵࣬衵ҲλñԬ¡ʱԬ²֪״ĶӣֱһӰ׸ˣǱĴͨǧѧԺ̵ʩѹ׿ˡ
ʮӣʮܴ󣬴Ѿʮ꣬ãڼѾ˲СȨС£ȻԬ¡Щ忴̫СˡǿһëӣǧѧԺĽ̵⴦ˣû׿㱨׿Ҳ֪ǧѧԺѧ˴ʱ׺ڴ뿴׾ﵽһʲôˮ׼
ͨ˺˵Ľ̸ҲˣɶҲ֪в¶Ц⣬ȴҲûиˡ
ҹδ뿴һ֣ͷˡԱߵųɺͷͨҲˡһ˻һܵڣȻûиҹδȥǵ׻֮Ҳ˹ףʱ𾪵Ĳᡣʱڹۿ˵һ֣оҲڵһоͱ̭
ϳˣ˵Ŀ⡣ʵĿ̫ˣ˶ģҪܷ񴳹֡ʱ̨ʱ۷׷ס


716 ע
װ
ߺͶһȣǸ
˼ԭһӺòã
Ƶһֶȥ
Ϊʲô
밡ֻ꣬϶ʱ䶼ϣʱ似ҹƾһͽо磬ȴûսĺӡ
˵Ҳǡ
˵õҩѻȥģûʲôս
ųɵֳ˵ǣֻǿ˵ĶԱȣȻԼӺǿǶԷ߶ףһ׳ŵĻһ󴸣ѹκһ˿ˡһͰ׸ˡ
ûвУȵĽһһ̨ȻԼ̨ҲС䶼ûã뿪̨ǰͨȶ˼ٸˡ

һ죬ȿʼˡ
һǧ̨ͬʱ
Ǹ׳ŶףֳΪѣС㻹Լȥɡ
ײҴ⣬еĳ˳ɫ룡
٣׳ˣǾͱˡ
̤̤
׳׳˹ͬһɽѹС
ҹδûд貨ϵϵҪغȡԣ׳ʱ׾ȻӮȥ
һͬɽ
ɽ

˴ϣͬһɽ׳͸оһɴϮҲȲסԼΡ
̤̤
źĵˣʱȴ̤ǰлͬһһȭ׳Ķӡ
ɽȭ
䡭
һȭ׳Ķϣ׳˲ϵļⶼʹñˣͬһɽײ˫Ŷط
䡭
׳ɳ̨ˤ̨£˻µģԼôˣ
ܹʹУ
Ԭһİƣãһӣ
ʱʧֻ̫ˣ衵Ķ˵˼䣬衵ͷɫһ̫ȥ˲ˣڿ׵飬Ԭ²֪ĴġҲ΢΢ҡͷʵǺܿԬµĴԬġԬʵǿҶԵ۹ꡣԵףҲ顣
Ǻ׸𾪣֪ţȻǧѧԺˣǳáܵĳЦ룬ؿ˽ı֮Ԭ£׿ɣ
쿴ǵķӦ˵
ʱѾܵҹδǰ̧ͷҹδ룺ʦӮˡ
ҹδԴãһֱӮȥ
ǣʦ
ˣҹδһӡ
᷽Һżҵ˸߲ңǧǴʱ̸ˡ
һǷƣһס
ʵ˵̫Сȴͨ˵һ֡ʱҲˣԬڿ佱ף
гš
ĴԬҲƵƵͷ׵飬׵ֶˡԬԬû
˴ʱ͵͵͸¶Ų
ϵܿװҪϵ֪飬᲻Լȴϰ
УҴ硣
뿪˴Ԭ鿴ˣ磬Ǹ׾ǵǸ
ĸ
Ԭһ£ȻӦ˹һҲԬ
磬ɴСŪȥһʿ͹ˡǿĲһ˻
žһԬϡԬһ֪Ϊʲô𣿡
֪ԬҡͷĿη塣
ԬɸֵԬɱ˲ʲôҪӣʱǸСɱ˵𣿡
ôɱˣûǿߡ
Ԭ̾ϢһԴˡĿսǿù»᲻ӣ
Ԭɫˣ˼ǣ»˰б
ǱȻġԬüģû뵽ִһСӣȴšȥɱֻᱻµץס
ǡô죿
ȥɡ
ҡԬԬˣǻ᲻ᱻ
Ԭ¸ոջص鷿鷿

Ԭ߽Ԭ¶һѯʵԬ˵ϣ
ף¶ˣ븸𷣡
ӹرСһµɫԬ¾֪϶Сǻˣӿӱϣ
ʲôˣ
Ԭ㽫齲һ飬Ԭ꣬ɫδ䣬ʵ
֪Ǵ𣿡
ԬԬ鲻֪ԬҸͲӦùܣȻǧѧԺԬ⣬ҲֻһѧԱӦǧѧԺĹ¡Ԭ鱻ˣԬִ˻ȥ㹻ˡ
ǧѧԺǾʹ򣬴򵽷Ϊֹ
һ룬ʾͱˡ


717 Ƹ
Ԭµͷ֪ͺá
ԬվǸȥżҡ
ףȥͿˡ
ûжԬҵȻȥˡǼȻ㶯ˣǾҺͷֲˡ
ǧѧԺ
Ժ׿ؿվĽ£µ亹Ӷͷδδĵ䡣׿ڿڣ䣺
ڸңԭǧѧԺѧԱȻ㿪ˣ
ǣΪ
ǧѧԺԺ𣿡
ǡ
׿վȥżҡ
żҡ
ųһڳϯһƬ֣֮ǰǧѧԺһɨա

Ŷҫվ߳˴ԺŴ򿪣˫ĿȻ˿־壺
򡭡
Ժҹδüͷһ壬չƿԺţ㿴ųɼſڣͣǰվĸˡ
ʶ
ӷҫĻпվǸӦ˾ͺòˣӦԬԬԬ顣ʱҫҲҹδ룬Ĺǣ۰Ͱ͵ؿҹδ
ҹʦ
תҹδ빰ֵЩҹδʦɣ
ҹδ빰ֻ񣺡Ժһɡ
ԣԣ룬룡ҫæ
˽뵽ţųɼһӣҲ־壬æԼӺͶϱʰɾȻϲ衣
Ԭһֱ΢ЦؿųæĿżɨҹδ룬һ˿졣
Ϊݵλڳż˺ԼӶվţֻҹδ뵭Ȼš뵽ԷǷڣҲ΢ʸԼšֻЩã뿪˵Ŷҫֳȥˣܿ׿˽Ѿҵ˶⣬ʩ

ϳ¿ɲҺ׿ôҲվ񡣶˶һۣжɬҹδ뵱ȻҲվʩ
Ժ
׿λҹδʦɡ
¡
׿ͷ̸
Ԭ£׿ҹδ׿һųɣŵΪɡ
ųɱ㿴ҹδ룬ҹδͷҲؾص׿

ɡ̾ϢһȻųɵŵѣվԬҵĴӴҵĶӣҵĶִӡԭµΪֹĻڹ֮ڡС֮ìܣС֮ȥҵĳȴӿˡȻһֱ֪ǶǾҵĴ󡣽ϷǰǸ
վų΢΢Ϲ
ųڵ֣ңң
ȴǿһҹδ룬ҹδһֱȵôһ󹫾Ǹҹδϵɫûһ˿仯ŭ֮࣬ȴҲЩΣųɵ
ԭһЩΪ񡣲뵽СҹʦڣӦòȱԴɣǷżһ飬κʱ򶼿ҹһ顣
ųϱֳϲ֮ɫҲ֪һжҹδ룬ҹδ롣ҹδֻҪѸٵѰĸ磬Щ鷳治Ըᣬ˵ͷ
ųɴϲлү
ųɴӦԬҲܸˣϾױضܵӣܹύܱȵҪáԼӺ֮䣬˴ܲǺ
ŴŻܹΪѡ
ܹɲȫƾʵǻۡҲЦ
Сһǵ飬ԼȥɣԸǾͼ򡣡
ųЦˣҹδҲ¶΢ЦҲܹ¼ӡȻҲ֪ˣΪҲΪףΪ
׿ʱҲڵζ׵ĿѧԺΣһὫ½ְΪͨʦͬʱӭ׻صѧԺȻΪҲǷżһ飬Σ
ллллԺųɴϲ
׿ͷС£Ϊעᵱ¶С£׿ҹδ
ҹʦԺƸΪǧѧԺķԺΪʦ㿴Σ
ҹδͷҲ⣬Լ̶ȣֻҪ׿۾ϹǲԼʦġ
һҪʦҹδ뿪ڵⷽѾ˽⣬ҪǸȴ
׿΢΢һüͷҹʦǧѧԺʦҪΪҲ˻ҿԳŵɾ˽⣬ֻԪ硣ҿԳŵͻƵ˻ƸΪʦ
ҹδͷų˻ϢѾͻˡ


718 
׿۾һˬصͷǾûˡδְ֮
лԺ
Щ飬׿ûоôܿ͸ǡҹδڽλ͵ſ֮ҲֱӻصԼԺ䣬˸ڵĻҲ¶Цݡ
һƻɹ
ڶա
ȼƺ׺ػʤڹϯϵҲ֪׿յ飬к⡣׿ܹҹδʦǧѧԺи⡣
µĴȽƻ˷ȴʦĿף׻˿Ŀס˵ĳɹҹδƵͷϡǵ̵Ҳܹ뵽ܹӵʦԲ򵥡
ҹδ¶Ϊֻ˻ֻܹСࡣȻ˷ʦڿΡҹδûеʦľ磬ټ۽磬һȺСƨû˿Ѷȡ׵ؾͿЩѧԱĴЩ󣬰Ĺ似Ҳ׿ǵǸԣǽ飬ѡʺԼԵĹ
Уܾ˺ܶӵܰԼΪʦҪΪԼ״ӡʲô˶ܹΪ״ӵġ˵ʵƵʸģ׻һֻΪ˳סҲ۲ЩҪԼΪʦˣǵ츳ҲͺһûյıҪˡ
ǣҹδȴҲн࣬ȻΪԼ״ӣҲֻԴ治ṩǣڴڷȴû˿˽СʮѧΪͻͽļҳ뾡취ҪԼĺС࣬СΪǧѧԺȵİ༶
رںڹѧԺһ֮ҹδѧΪȫʤڹѧԺаʹѧԱȴʤ廹ڹѧԺҹδʼΧɢ
˰ȥ
ҹδ뿪ΪֹѾȥ˽ʱ䡣Ϊڽӽ۷壬ֻΪǧǣҪ̫ĶԾ۷»Ҫ꣬ķԲʱͻƷֻûѡͻƣʱѹƣȴʵʱ
ʱ䣬ÿʱ򣬶ʦԣΪľ绹ܹ𣿰ʱ䣬ͻƵԪ硣
Ԫ
ҹδȴֹͣΪʼͨսʵ硣ɽƣʲôʱɽƣʲôʱٿʼΪ
ͬ÷ɿ죬ÿҲǺҹδһڵѾʦĸַѧ߰˰ˣ˵ûĸʦķࡣ
뿪ˣĶѾҵʼ䣬Ӧ߳ȥʱˡҪĸע⣬ֻȥ۹
ҹδ׿ǣ׿ȻϣǿҹδᶨҲֻ÷ҹδ뿪ҹδǳȥйⷽ粻֣ܶ˶й٣Ķࡣ
еʱ衵ǶҹδǳӣٿΪҹδСҷƺҲʦȥйΪʮֻиʦԼŻһ·̹;
ҲԷƺΪоҲʾѧ֮󣬷ΪЧ
ҹδӿʼйҲûκһʦÿһѧԺڿһ¡Ҳ͸ѧԺѧԱд衣

˵ĸңܹһµܱڣΪʱʮ귽ѾΪ˷ڡȻƣȴûдﵽԲ磬ΪԪսϸܹһսܹսʤһϸ
ҹδһ£ڳſھۼһЩˣƺӭʲôˣΪӭԼԼȻһЩϾֻǴһЩϸһµĵӣЩǵͽʿӰޣҹδҲޡȻҹδ뼱ԼԼΪ̫졣ҪΪаʦΪҲܵΪ
ΪȻߣҲûкôйıʵûٻ
ڵкܴĳ̶ȶڷƣһʮķڣһ磬ڵ۹ҲǺ٣۹Ͱ׻۹ᳬʮԣںܶ˶ǳͬҹδķʵʵûжͬ
ϾǿҹδҲһ˻ĵѾԪͣһˡ
ԣҹδңÿζȥݷøùѧԺȻЩѧԺҲʮֿͻӭϾһЩȴԲӭرЩܵϵʿ治ҹδ
ǡ
ȴȺ˶ˣֱˣһԶԶҹڣ


719 ҫ
ҹδû뵽ǳԼģ㹰Ϊҹδ룬ǣ
洺ǰܶ
ҹδüëһһңҲңܶĴӣٴʩ
ӵ¡
ߣż㡣
ҹδһ㶣Ѿˣδܹ˸߹һµҲΪȻӼԼ˻
ţԼҪԼΪһˣһˣػҲ˵ùȥ
ҹδɫʮֿͺҹδܶԶмŰܶԸҹδ裬뷽ǹҹδ
ܶĿɨ׺ͷƣЦ˵СѾΪʦ
ţҹδͷͻƲá
ܶ̾ҹʦ˾̾
ҹδ豭һڣûǫ飬ȴҲûе⣬ɫƽܶĿ⶯һ£ף
СԪ
ԣ
ܶҹʦСҪʲôԴҿṩż㻨ضܹСͻϸ
ҹδ뿴һܶ̾ҵķڵˮƽҵڵˮƽ΢΢ҡͷ
ˣ׶֮ûͻϸҲͻơ
ŶΪΣ
ֳ֮ܶɫҹδװƣڵˮƽԴҲࡣǲϳϡ
ΪƻԲ磬ϣÿһߵø̤ʵ
ܶĿһҹʦԼĵҪ߰
ҹδĬȻȴǵͷ״ʱȴǸоԼʦˣ
ʦ׶ͿԲˣڱضԲ
ҹδº͵Ҳֻꡣ
ܶһѪ
ǰ
˼Ҳòã
ѾԪˣҪôΣ
ο׵ģ˵ľͽԲȻһͻϸԲĻͻϸϾϸûжˡ
ĥ󿳲񹤣ҹδҪ޵·ˡ
ʱ뵽Լĵܵܣǿܼһţֻǡ
̾ϢһĿ¶һ˿ڴҹʦԵо
ҹδһܶǰӭԼԭͲѵܼˣ
΢΢ҡͷҶԵûʲôо
ܶϾֳʧ֮ɫ֮˱㿪ʼ̸ԼӺͣţܶ£һλһߣԱһʮֻ꣬ɫʮֲ԰ףĲǴڵӣһΡʱ˵Ŀⶼҹδ˵ϡܶǰʩ
ݼ
ҹδҲΪ񣺡¡
ܱº͵
л£
ҹδƺվҹδ
ܱΪһҲûпֱӿڵҹʦһ£ڵķĸΣ
ĵӶǷˣ㲻ֻǷڰɣ
ڣҹδ뵭˵
Ȼˡܱ۾һҹʦ֪ڷһ棬˷һǷо
ҹδ㽫ĿǸꡣܱڿɬҵӣҫνֻܼһУϡ
ҹδ΢΢һüͷӦҵʦ
ҹȥ۹ĵ۶ҹΡڷϣһЩҫơȴҲ޷Ȭ
ҹδĬȻƬ̣Щס
һ磬δؾûܹҫܹҲֻһµöĵʦҲãʦҲã¾Ҳޡ
ƺԼ˵ʲô⡣
ԼǲԼ뿪ŵʱ򣬿Ǵ˴ĵҩֵҩСѾͻƵ˵
ҿɣ
ҹδҫǰҫвûʲôڴĿ⣬ŰĪʲôҲģĸΪĴҽҲҹδǲʦ˶Լҵ統С
Ϊϸף˵ܼ츳콾лǱϣģҲŲͶҽҹδС߳˶ʿʱҹδվҫǰϵ
ҹʦֻҪܹҽҫұضṩԴ̵ʱͻƵػϾΪͷǲһЩ
ŶҹδתͷһܱڣѾǵػˡ
ܱڱһ㣬аݵϢ˵ҹδһǰͻƵ˻
ҹδʵй¶һ˿ػϢܱȷҹδھǵػѿڶ
Ϊǵػ


720 ¶
ȻûͷûԵһ仰ڳ˶ˣҵҫҲ¶һ˿档
ܱڻе˼ף㶼ܹһʱ䣬˻ͻƵػ˵츳ǿΪʲôڲǵػ
ҹδ뵭֮ǰʱ;˷ϡ
Ŷ
ˣҹδҲ󣬾ԲᳬꡣȴѾǴڣȷʵҪʱ;
ҹδ뽫˳ȥҫȻ㿴ҫ״
⾭ϵĻ湻鰡ֲơ
ʡ
ҹδҫʻǺð˵콾ҫǾ콾ˡҫȻǼ亱ĺʣǷǳʺ
ôܱڹеʵ
ҹδͷΡ
ģܱڵڲ
ɫҫҲ˷Ӧ˫⣬ֻǻżŨĻɡ
ţҹδͷ״Ҫϵмš
ܱɫϲҲףȻҹδܹ˵ԼиԼӵ˼ҹδʩһ
ҹʦҪʲôſϽҶã
ҹδڰ֣ȷһſЧɡ
ҹδȡһƿݸܱڡܱڼæ˫ֽӹƿǣһŨҩɢǿιҫĿСڼϢ֮󣬱ҫ˫ͷų⡣
Ч
ҫЧ
ţҫˮ
ҹδͷһЧ죬ٷʳһš
ããллллܱڼз⣬һԵܶչҫдҹʦĵӡ
ǣ
ҹʦ
Ӻ
ҹδҫվĲرڣܱϵҹʦҲ֪ҪʲôǧĻۣ㿴ðɡ
ҹδͷû̫⡣һСĲرܹʲô
ϵĶһڶࡣǽΪԴۡʯʲôģ͸ϡҪһģԷҲûӡ
ڲرУһȥ
ʵرҲ󣬺ܿҹδһ룬ܱɫЩÿˡΪҹδõö࣬Ϊҹδ뵽һûá
ԼĶ˼Ҹá
ţ
ҹδͻȻվһ̨ǰڷһͷĺɫʯͷ
ͣΪʯͷʲôΪ˯Ȼˡ
¶¶
ˣҹδϲ
ŵ¶ζ
ҹδˣ¶ζԣܹоʮ
˵¶ʯͷ
Ǹʯڡ
ʯʲôã
ûʲôá¶δ룬õõҾͿԲó˯ˡ
ⲻ⡣ҹδ뵭
ʱܱڿҹδͣˣвһˣпϵĶˡȻĿʯϣɫһԵʵ
ҹʦ㿴ˣ
ҹδʯʲô
֪ܱҡͷڲرкܾˣҼǵүүʱڡ֣ʲôܰпҲڻҲΪ֪ʲôڲر⡣
ҹδ¶˺֮ɫԸоо
û⣬ˡ
лл
ҹδһ֣㽫ʯȻûĵطһ飬ܱڵ
£뿪ɡ
ܱڵɫЩΣҹʦͲõ
ҹδҲЦҡͷˣҪлң͸ҰѧԺ
С£û⡣
뿪˱⣬ҹδȡƿݸܱڵ£
лл
ҹδһʯͷܱڿɶҲûã¶ñˣ԰ҹδס£Ҿס֮ڡͬʱҲҹδϽѧԺĽ
ҹδصԼķ䣬һ̣Ȼ뵽֮УŽʯ˳
ôŪ

ʶкСһϸǿʯƣսӲÿ飬ղʯȻ׵飬ȻƮҺ塣ÿһζָ״
һһ롣ҹδ뼱æǰ˵õġ
ԥһ£θΰɣԺ㡣
ãҹδȡװ¶ƿӣǵ¶ֱӽ¶ˡ
ܷʳ¶𣿡


721 ս
ڷʳûʲôá㽫ȫеĹͷӡϣʳ¶ĻǿԼٴﵽԲѾ֥¶ˣһ¶İҲǺܴŰɡ
ðɣ
ա
ҹδ뿪ʼǰϽѧԺ
ĵһҹδϽѧԺϹΣҹδҪһ¹Ρ
ŹϽѧԺǺܸӡ֮ǰҹδ˼칫֮󣬲űΪϽѧԺεĵһ죬ΪֻЩ˵ожʵģΪģǾͲ֪ˡ
ǰʱ䣬ҹδĴ徳ÿ綼־͸СɣһֱὲԪ硣ֻһеѧԱͱˡЩѾ˻ػ컨ѧԱҲҹδĽУ֪Լڵ;еʱЩ㣬ʲôطЩطĿǰѾʼӰ쵽ٶȣӰ쵽ķ
Ǻ֪ˣüЩ㡣һȵڶϿεʱ򣬱Щܵʦˡ
ʱܱڲ֪ҹδвšҫҲ˵ˡ
ڵڶĿϣҫҲˡϣвʱطʡ
ƻ衣
ܱڵͬ£֮ҹδӻصԼס߽Ժ֮ױ˷ܵ
ʦɽԲˡ
ŶҹδҲˣͷŸҿ
ǣʦ
ͷųɽƣصɢҹδ벻ɵͷ
Ϳ裬ϸɡ
ʦҵһܾˡ˷ܵػСȭͷ
ҹδ벻ݸһСӣûʲôĻرԼǰʲô˵ʲôһԵķҲΪ׸ˣ
ʦܣף㡣
ллʦ֣
ɣ
ҹδӽڵذϥҹδ׸һ鿪裬ϸḶ́Ȼϸظһ飬ֱٴθ⣬ŵ
ʼɡ
ǣʦ
ʦͽһʼҹδŨĵϣ֣е;գһڹ̷Ϊڶ׼һڿ轨ϸ
ա
ҹδ봫ǵĹŮͣڿΡܱڵ֪ͻϸʱ򣬲ɾȣһѾָ״̬øõҫҲһ˿Ľ
ʮ꣬ϸΪԭΪԼһţȴû뵽Լߣһϸ
ܿ죬ҹδĵͻϸϢʹ
ӣһڣһϸһʮ꣬һꡣ
ҹδѸٵȵ׳ɹͻϸҹδٴοʼڿεʱ򣬷ǰε˸ˡ
ҶĲԪһ¾ģϸϵʿҲǳࡣϽѧԺòڿεص㣬ӽתƵ㳡ϡϽѧԺеһЩʦжɼʡǴûйֺûй
ƾʲô
ҹδֻһػǸոͻƲã
ҿܵҵôõʦ
ҲҲͶԪһֵ;оöһЩˡֲôǵػ
˵ҹδ
ҲòҹδЩ֪ʶ㲩Щ˻ܵʦҲ㳡ԭҹδѧëҹδ붪ˡһЩ⣬סҹδ롣
ǣһͣԼԣȻҹδ뽲ĶǻЩǷ֣ԼвٶˣûϸԼڶܵˣҹδ˵Լ֪
ë˵Ҫ⣬Ҳˡ
⡭Ļš
ȥ
ҹδԪһµĽ⣬ҹδԤδ콲ϸʱЩʦԼˡ
㳡׼ë
ǣյĽȴһįǵЩ⡣ҹδ֪ʶȻ˹㲩漰棬ܹǳĽ⡣
ֹȥ죬ҹδ˻۵֮󣬴ӻصȴҫһǹվҹδſڡˣ۾һǶҹδʩ
ҹʦ
ǣҹδ뿴ҫ
ҹʦĵս
ҹδȻܾһ·ϣ̫ˡҫ׶ϸһս׸ոͻϸҲҪͨսϸ

ӮˣȻӮúܼ
ҫҲƣǴԲ似ƷףսҲסҹδ׿û˿ĳ谮һ·ϣսʿҲɱһ·ޡս鲻һܹȵġ


722 ͽ
ҫһԽԽµӣܸףҲ;ɥ˲Ϣʱ䣬ȥսơƶƷ貨ȻһͨͰҫˡ
ܱվһԹۿоâ˸һͷûеȵ¶ģȴҫҹδǰͨһڣ
ʦΪӡ
ҹδɫȻҫԼӻҫľ⡣ҫ츳ѣھ콾ڵѾǵһμˣȻҪΪӡԽʦҲԽ졣
ǣҹδȴû̴Ӧ߹ܱڣ£ҵǿҫΪӡҲܹܾãЩӾͻйҫܸңӲҲա
ܱȴѾǵ⣬˿ƺף˾ģҹδ빰Ϊ
ҹʦҫΪӡ
ãҹδûƴǡ
ֻǡܱͻȻŸɬؿڵҫΪӣ»鷳
鷳ҹδ΢΢˼ΪҫǸˣ
ǣܱ̾ϢһǸ˽ӣ۹ľŻӡ
ҫɫһӱò԰ףֿ־ҹδ룬ҹδΪ˶Ϊӡ
ҹδȴ⣺ǳʲôΪ
Ҳϸ
ҹδҫЦ㲻аȻͬ˸ˡ
ĴбҫǺ
ˣҴ㵽۶ˡ
ģҫɫһ㣬̶˷ܵ
ȻġҹδЦ
ܱȴǵˣҹʦǿǾŻӣ۶ĸкܶࡣ
ҹδȻ˼˵ԼֻһػôȥŻӣ
ҹδȴǰڰֵҫΪʦ¾˵㡣ʿҲͲҪˡ
ҫܱڣľǿ
ãܱڵͷ̫ࡣҫԺͽҹʦˡ
ӰʦȻ򵥣οܹΪŵӣ
ʦĳܺҲࡣѸҹδһӰһ߶ȡ
ڽӣҹδϽѧԺֱ̳˻͵ػʱЩʦȻ֣ëеʦǿ˼⣬ȴҲҹδ׽
ҹδϽѧԺ̳һ졣ٳ϶ˡҹδ׼ȥ֮ʱһʿվ
ҹʦ
ҹδͣǸʿǸʿҹʦҫΪӣҫӿľ콾ܹԽսսʤ֪֮ʦǷҲܹԾս
㳡Ͼһ˶ˣٽ
ҹδ˵ԼԾսǾͲΪӵʦ˵ԼܹԾս̻ȥսҹδ롣
ǳҹδĽѧˮƽܸߣȴΪսҲܸߡ
Խսô׵
οǶţһҹδͬսѧԺ߱ضһ컨Բʿҹδ뻹ô
ȼܹҹδ֣ǲС
ҫʱҹδվһԻȻתףŭǸʿһԵȴ
ʦ֣ˣ
ҫ˿ףֿ˿ƣƽɫ
ʦսǿ
ƵǺǿǷǳǳǿ
ҫ۾һŭڴ
ϯϵĹܱڵؿǸʿϳǸʿϽѧԺҲһ컨۷壬սǽˮƽͲ󣬸չ꣬Ҳһš
Ҫսңҹδ뺬Цʵ
컨۷壬֪ҹʦǷҺдһ£
ҹδͷԣϣдһһҪȥʰҪ뿪
ôʰ
ʿɫһһӣվ˸̨֮ϣг˰ȻһսҰˣҲû˼ս㡣
ҹδӴָȡһǹתͷԸ̨·ҫ
ҫˣʦᴫڸһǹΪ㺮
ǣʦҫˡ
ҫǱԣҹ㺮ֻʺϽһͨκαûбҲܹʩչ񵱳ҹδҪ룬ȴóһ
ʿüҹγţ
ϣ
һնҹδ룬ҹδһǹ̨̳ϵ¶Ȼ䣬ǹڿۣͬǹɽһײ˶Է
䡭
Ǹʿ㵹˳ȥˤڸ̨֮£˹ȥ
ΧһƬž
ҫȴǵһ˫ս嶼΢΢оֻԼϣ
ˣʦĻˮ׼ӡ


723 
ʦֺʦƽɫҫˡ
Ұһ˲õʦ
ϣƾٲȥҫŷʦѾ˸̨ȥ
ҹδ뿪ˡ
뿪ʱһӡܱʮҹδʦͽ˵ϢȴԼٶܵĹӶȥ

¶Ұ⣬ɱһֻޡ

ɱĲޣޣȻǸ޵ǿ󳬳еκһӵ£ǼѵؽնɱҹδǣԺǵĻʳޡ
˷ҹδǴ˴ӷưʱȻԼȥҫе˸ǰ
ӽ쿪ʼ޹ҿĹǲɢԱʦڵĹա
ҫһ񣺡Сʦĵ𣿡
ǣȴڸ㣬
ǣ
ʱҹδҫȥһ߱ȥˣС׽е˸ǰ
׶Ѿɽƣͼȥʲôʱܹ⣬Գͻ˻ˡ
ǣʦ
׽˰ʱȻкԼΧҫ
죬⣬ʦʱٶȿɿˡ
ҫˣȵҹδ뿪ʼ֪Ũϣ˷ƻе˼
ֱʥأ

ȻûмʥأǾþʮʥҲûʦáҪʲôԴ
ʦһԴ
ֲôʦֺСʦܵٶô죬ҵ񣬸ʵټʦڵĹ͵ⲻ޵У˭޵У
𾪵ɫƵֳЦݣʦܣҪ˷ʱ䡣
ŶŶ
ҫܵؾҪתԼԭĹȴʦ
תһָ㡣
ŶŶ
ҫʼתЩĵΪʦԼûиԼ⡣ڴʱҹδҹδľҫҫڹתһһ߸⣬һָĴ֮ҫܿңҹδĴ֮С
ҹδҲпǾʡٶҪȺ׶ֹ
һֱҹҹδ뻺չȡ̣ĸ棬Ϣ
ڽһУҹδµе
뿪ʱѾȥ꣬ҹδһֱűչأʱѾӡеĹﵽ۷壬ʣɹʼ䣬е֯ٶıɵ塣ʳ֥¶ڼ̵ʱ̣ﵽԲʼͻƻ
Ϊ뿪ţرⷽҹδ벻ȫϾ¶ľ粻һֱ˾۷廹ž롣
һʱ䡣
ҹδĴӷǷһ㣬ʦڡܹ㣬Ŷ;صʶڶ㣬ﵽڲѣסҹδûͻƣͣڷڳڡ
һþӾ̴Խ񣬽ͻƷҲԽסһոķڼķյķԽ࣬ڵսҲԽǿҲ÷ڷڹ󣬲Ƿһʱ䣬ȻǷڳڣսȴˣǷ֮޵֡
ܴٶȿ죬ټһֱ貨Ͷܷҫϸ۷ֶɲĶ֡
һա
ʦͽйĵĸеҹδ֮ǰִ˺ܶࡣһĶΪӣⱾǼӳɣټ񴫲ҹδľѾǵػҲ˶ҹδ뱾ʵһ˿𾴡
Ȼػڸ߲ʿҲô¶ϾҲУǿõóֵġ
һΪ
ҹδôңⷽѾ˺ϸ˽⡣
µĹΪеĹǻΪϵĹΪǵԪΪ۹ĻʵǻԪΪ
ⷽҲûлԪ֮ϵʿ
ҹδʦͽ⣬ſӭӵˡ
ӭӵˣҹδʦͽĸѾˡҹδйʱÿһѾӭӵˡӭӵҲǸѧԺҸѧԺԺӭӣɳһЩвżʦӭӡϾҹδһ·Ǻ͸ѧԺͽѧ
ǡ
ҹδĿͻȻһоӭӵ˺͹ģЩ󣬲ѧԺӭӡѧԺûôĹģôҲӭӣѵǡ


724 Ԫ
һҫĪҲҫˣ
һ
ݶУһȺӭһҹδ빰ֵ
ҹʦ档
ǣҹδ빰ֻ񣺡ǣ
ɽ
ҹδһԭǴӵ¡
ҹʦ룡
ӱһҹδǱɽԼĳԶһߺȲһģ˼䣬ɽ̽
˵ҹʦĶѡ
ǣҹδЦⲻܣӦúܶ˶֪
ɽĿһ˵ҹʦͨ
ҹδҡͷֻʱ̽ٵżɵõһЩҩǡˡ
ɽб¶ʧڴʵҹʦҲһܵжˣ֪Ƿнⶾĵҩ
жҹδһ㣬뵽Ӧ˳⣬ȴû뵽жôж
ҹδЩ⣬СҲһӣôж
һֻһжû£ѵʲô⣬յĽ
ɲ뵽Щ֮С
ܵܰɣɽ̾ϢһԸֱǰȥԣһֻҧС
ߣ
ҹδ죬֮涾ֶܹĸ֯ѪҺ֮С
԰ҹδͻȻһ㣺֮ӦѾˡ֮ա
˾飬ֻǾȴֹ֮ܽصɢֻܹӻˣҲֻܹάֲһµʱ䡣ҹʦǷа취
ҹδ˼Ƭ̣Ҫȿڲ˵ˣù𣿡
ʲô
ȥ˵ɡҹδɽʣ֪ⷽӦõĶǵҩڷ棬ȴûһϸϸ룬йʱҲͷʿȷʵûмⷽķʿҽⷽ档룬ǲĵʵ
ûҽ
ҽʲôǷҽ
ҹδȷˣӦʱȥһЩ䣬һЩĵҽֶΡ
Ŷ
˷ж飬ɽʼҹδ·ķ羰һ·ɽֱӴҹδʦͽһҹδһҡһ򸾣ڴߣһߴꡣ
ʮָߴȻǹǼȴһˡֻڿ˿˿
һվҹδ롣ʱɽѾʩ

ȴûɽǽĿҹδ룺λҹʦɣ
ҹδʩ¡
ͷҹʦҶ
ҹδͷǰȥзõһߡҹδվڴǰʼɨ贲ж֮ˡ΢΢̾Ϣһн
ҹʦ
ж̫ˣǿкž顭
ûϣ𣿡
ڿ
ҹδٴϸɨ裬вɾһɨҪ˽֮Ȼϸ̽˺ڿеľ顣ž飬ڴҲӦˣ鲻Խ֮ӻڡ
ҹδзףеɢϣҹʦ
ҹδ룬ֿʼ壬Ȼ鲻ӻ֮ôãôӦǴ֮˵ʲͬ
ҹδ벻ɫأҲͣпҹδ롣
ף
ҹδ־һϸؼǰ˵壬ǰ˵ھȻûпҲûо
ԣ
ûо
ǵһμôûо
Ҳʣӻ֮ӣڡ
ҹʦ
ҹδջؾתͷУ£λӵµ˽ɣ
еֳɬҶʺܲãܹԸֱТ˳ˡ
ܶ˿ڴδʣ޷ƫƫһʿ򲻹
û
ûУûʺĹ
൱ʲôʵ
Ԫ
˻
ҹδͲһ޷ˣȴ൱ԪսĿֲ
ֻǡ
ҹδҡҡͷûӦĹԪҲľͷˣҲûжչˡ
֮治а
ţ
Լʶ٣Լһʶİ


ҿˡ
ҹδ뽫ƵüģüĿһ죬ͬһֻۣ˴ϵˡ
жˣҲó
ⶾ㿴ʣҸûм
ף˿ֻǻԪʡ
Ԫʣ


725 
ԣȥһ½Ǹ½ͽԪ½Ǹ½ϵ˴붼ʡ˻СӱǷڻԪ½ҲǾѵĻԪʰ
ʲôص㣿
޷ΪûоҲûе޷ʶԪ񡣡
ô
壬ߵľǴĵ·ȥʮǿ󣬶һ

ԣΪԽߣԽΪԱһɽôɽܡ
й
У
һѶϢ͵ҹδʶС
׵䣡
ҹδѸٵĶһ飬⻹һĹ
ھͿܲܽⶾˡܹⶾԼնˡ
ҹδӴָȡһŰж˵ͷţעţɫһϲʱеҲ۾һӵðһ˿˿ա
Ӻ
ҹδһźɫİ˷⣬ָһһ㽫ǰȼգȻ߻˷䡣
ȡһŽⶾеľóⶾ˿УȻֽ˿СٴӴָóһŴͷţһɫĹ֡
ҹδͣмʵҹʦⶾ𣿡
ûô죬ⶾһӽȥж̫һӽⶾĸԺϱдÿһһΣҪ졣
̫ˣֳ֮ɫҹʦǵػܹҹʦͻ컨Դȡ
ҹδڰֵѾ컨ˡҲȱԴ֮ǰֻΪλӵʵǼΪ⣬һֻԪʡ
֪ʣоȵ
Ȼ֪ȥ̫ĵطܶ࣬Ҳ¿ϸĻҵΪӡ
㡭ӦĹ
У
һ·Ȼ֣صʩҹʦҶΪӡ
ã
һº
ҹδһбˡ
ʦҹδ룬ӷƣ׳ҫĵס
ʱʦͽվںߡʵʦȥĸ

۾һǿϵҺڴķʦ
ҫҲ˷ܵͷһ·ϣҹδԶ⼸Ҳ
׳ʦ򡣡
ҹδԼµҲ˽ˣԸʮֱֺҲΪ⡣ԱЦ
ԣǿȥӣȻӣ˴ȥ
ʦΪʲôҪԶҫʵ
ΪʦҪͻơ
ʦҪ۶ˣӶһ󼤶
ǣǷϵͻơҹδ΢ЦʦͻƶЩʦȥһ˵ĵ졣ƶҲӦùڶˣҫͺ׶ҲӦͻ˻ˡ׳ҲͻƻԪڶ㣬һͻƣʵϸ˻¡ʦͻƵʱ򣬵ϻǣǵͻƱüΪ򵥣ֱǸͻƾԲ
ʦڷʲô磿׳ŵʵ
ͻƣǷ񡣡
ĸӴԼʦ񡭡ǿ൱ڵԪľ磬ֲʦͻƾԷһ򵥣ԭʦѾﵽ˾ʦʱضΪ
ˣ
ҹδһƣʦͽˣֱƣµü죬ĸͽܿô۽磬г˶ʦĳݡһ·Ҳ۽磬ٸ֣ǿ֪컨ʿûٶȡ
һȥǧ
ҹδĸͽһĻĵ֮ϡҹδľɨ˳ȥȷûΣգҹδȡһ̿ȻԼϥ룬ĸǷֱǰҡ
ҹδ뿪ʼͻƷ
ľˮ׽ڣ㿪ʼͬʱصϱûҹδ룬ûĸӣụ̂ûСΧ
һ졣
졣
졣
ʼкСΧ۶ƮСΧͷСԳʥС
ǵϲǸǾη
졣
ҫͻƵ˻
졣
׳ͻ˻Ԫڶ㡣
졣
ͻƵ˻
졣
ͻƷڶ㡣
ҹδͻƣĸӵΪҲŨҹδߣǲǱϰΧǶͻͽ
ڶʮ졣
ҹδ뻺չСϵĵϻɢȥСΧĺСķ˼ݣȻ׷ɢȥ


726 
ҹδԼķ
㣬ɢŹ֮⣬·ʷĳضԻ͡ɢȵϢ˸оֻվ֮ǰ͸оϢѹ
ҹδ뵽һ㡣
һӵɭҹ硣
ꡭ
һ죬һ¡ҹδ뿴һףһ
Ƿƿߣܹظ֪һĲ壬ꡣҲ˵ҹδ׹֣Ե˵˿˺ȴֱ˵Ļǡ
ԺҹδֶһֶΣķΪ׻ӵʵϱڣѾʮˣҪ֪ľ൱ڵԪҲ˵ҹδһ׺ȥûз£ǶԵԪʿҲ˺
ˣһӰߣҹδŹֵؿŽһ⽣һǹҹδδģȴҹδˣţһ
ʱ򣬱ţҲˣһ־ӡһҹδ뿴ڨڨҲ֪ڵԼ׺һ£ԼˡΪǻ״̬ûıֱԴ˭
ˣͻˣ
ţǷˡ
ҹδһ½һɫһˣ
ţͻƷĹУǼǳ
ҹδţȥҲǴﵽܵ۷״̬Ҳϲ
ˣһһ㣬ԽԽʺϹˣȫΪĸģȥЩѾǣǿЩˡǿ޵ؿƹ꣬аҲܹơ
ҹδ۾һԼаϵԪԪưҲܹԼӮߵʱ䡣ԺлᣬǿǳһЩˡ
ţԺлᣬһȥһЩġ
һĹϲͷҹδ뿪˷һ㣬˷ڶ㣬ڶħĵҹδһоħԼϮҹδȴû˿в
ţ
Զȥżɫ磬֪һ£ħǿ󣬶һźɫķУʮǿ
ꡭ
һɫҹδ֪һ£һɫ׵Ҳûʲô˺Ǳ֮󣬻ʿħƵ
ƺôˡ
սʱ򣬸ԷôһӣԷħǸԼɳ֮Ҽڷս£ԵһľĵطľʱֻֿͨħĥľͿԡľ񣬿ħһ£ľһ
ţ
ԼΪ̫죬Ȼ巽ԼսẻʵúʵľġҪʱȥĥ£ҪΪʱͣټͻƣľԽԽջΪħȶɽٵʱ򣬱ֳ
ȴĥľľľ֮ء
رڸոͻƣһͰĸӽ
⣬ҹδ뿪˷ڶ㣬˵㡣
ģŭ˸ȴֻܹ壬û˹ԡʮֱң׽١ܣһǿֶΡٽ׺ħףǵ˵جΡ
ͺܺã
ҹδ˵˷ĵĲ㡣
ĵĲзζˣҲ
з磬󣬺ˡ
ףûܴҲûر𣬾ͬ˼ҹδ֪һ£ͷųȥҲܹ˴Ĵͬʿ׷Ҳǿȴûеô̬ǸͲʿ׷Ǿ׽١
һһְ
ֱǺ͵ڶγ˻ڵڶ㱻ħĥµһ̶ȣĲƽ
ҹδиˣ˷㣬ֵ͵һ˸ոչĵ㣬͵㣬ڶһֻҪһЩҹδ֪ΪԼûһ
ԺÿҪһЩʱˡŹһ£빹һķҲҪʱ䡣
ɣڵķѾԶΪǲˡ
οҪͻƷʥҪⰵԵģҹδ붼֪ԼʲôʱܹⰵԾ͸żˡ
˳˷ҹδϸϸӦͻ
ˣʥ൱ڵԪҲ˵ҹδѾﵽ˵ԪȻͷ𣬵ǴͬԴһľ磬ԴͬġȻҹδʱľ绹ûиߵǸ̶ȣҲŴͬҹδԲͻƻҪȱʡܶʱ䡣


727 ͻ
ţ
ҹδɫһ㣬ԼľʱѾȫˣﵽ˰ٷְʷҲ˵ͻƻĻѾˡ
֮ϲ
֪ǰʷףԽڣԽѡû뵽Լͻƣȴһ㾫ʷ
ô
ҹδ²ȥ鿴ԼĹȻһϲͻƷۡԼûӡϵ£ȻӡˡԭҹδѹΪҪܹﵽ۷壬ڿֻҪʱˡ
һͻƸԼʡʱ䡣
Լͻƻʱ򣬱ȻҲܹ
ҹδϲ
۾ĸӣʱѾԼĶ档Լʦۣһ˷ܵҹδݵ
Ӽʦ
˷ܵɫҹδҲЦûɣ˵ʦ
ʦƵһڣѾڶ㣬ʶȹ̣Ӵ⡣ֻҪԸ⣬ھܹ㡣
ܺãȲҪ㣬Ƚڶķ˵ȻѧϰڵĸַȻʦѹǣǺʵ硣ǵľǲһʦͽʦķĥһǵľ
ĸӾ۾һرǷƱߵķҪʦķԼʲôͬ
ҹδֽĿԼĶ׳׳ץͷХʦҴﵽڶ۷ˣоҪ˶þܹͻƵˡ
һ
ҹδ붼ɸ̾Ϲδĳɾ;ˡֻֻܹ壬ԪҲ֪ʵΣ
׳ԴľĸΪȶˡ
ʦʦҫڴﵽ˻۷塣
Ҳһ
ʦЩֻﵽ˻ڡ
ҹδͷ׵ѾܺˣҪҫһЩ콾ҫǾ콾
ˣΪʦǽ
ĸӶһϲһҹδüкһ޴ķĸվڷǰ鶼оսǷǵѹʵ̫ˣϢڵΪⷽ磬ҲһУǴʱڷǰȻֵʧȥ
ʦ̫ǿˣ
ҹδһ㽫ĸ˷ڶ㡣
һڶ㣬ĸɫһ䣬ǸоԼħʦȣ
Ԫ񣬵ֿħ
һĸһ壬ϥʼħĥľֻÿж𺳣رǷơ
ʦʲô
ҹδ뿴һǣ뿪˷սʶһգӣȥڼҲкҹδ빥ȴҹδնɱȻʬսָǾѵʳġ
һ߷ɣһ߹עʶڷڶеĸӣĳӴﵽ˼ޣ㽫תƵĲ㡣֮תƵڶĥľ
ÿҲѰһ죬һ齸ʯϥӡϣŴ֮ϣѹԼӡٶȼ졣
˷ſһ£ȡ˷˶ĳɹҪһ˸µʱ䣬ͿԴﵽ۷ˡ
ԶԶѾӣҹδҲûнĸӷųһӣϣһǰĴҪһࡣҹδӣ죬ԼϲҪԴȡ˴ⷽزԵǷûеġ
ʵϣһ·ϣϵڹԼǷûеԴҲвٵԴԼǷ綼ǵͽ׵ĲҩʯȵȣⷽȴûСԣȻ۵òǺܹ󣬵ҲԶԼǷ۵ļ۸ʮ㽫ЩԴȻⷽԴ
ⷽԴҲƷߣҲǳˡЩԴ׼ûȥоҲٽԼǷԴںϳЧǷı߱
պ
ҹδǰĴûнĸӷųڷĥ¡ȻҲעԼĸӡǴﵽıԵͻὫתƵĲ㡣ǵľȶֻὫתƵڶ㡣
˶ʮһ֮󣬴˽
ҹδ˴˵ĵطĸӴӷڷ˳ĸӣҹδصͷ
ĸӵûһǰͻ֮˵ĸоǵΪѾڸԵľ纻ʵ
ʱһƬҰ߳ƬҰǽĹ


728 Զ
ҹδ̧ͷ˿ɫĸ׼ͣĸӺܿȡˮȻҹδȡ֮ǰںԵĺʣĸӿʼ⿡
ʦѾɽ⡣һ߳źѡһ˵š
ʦڶԱ֮ҲˡҫҲæڡ
ʦѾڶˣʲô似׳Ҳʵ
ֻзƲһԺЦԼλʦܡ
ȳԷ
ŶŶ
ӳ֮󣬶۰Ͱ͵ҹδ롣ҹδȽ׳йȻȡһƤ飬ⱾǴõĹ͵¼Ǳݸ׳
׳촸ȥú
ǣʦ
ҹδִӴָȡһԴ󴸣׳ǰһԴǱá彲ѪҲͬþþѪ
׳ͿѪ
ã
׳ӺֱҹδȫΣʶʵģ㿪ʼԼͿĨѪ
ʦͽ˿ͿĨѪ׳ɫʼ԰ף̲סʵ
ʦӦþҡҲѪ𣿡
Ȼã׳ԪֻѪѪþ
˵ҹδȡһݸף˰ɡ
׽ӹǱ֪ɢŨϢüЦر˻￪ʼҹδȡһǹݸҫ

ллʦ
ҹδԷƵҲԽǸ
ǣʦĸӶʼԵı
Ӻ׳ѾͿѪѪѾ˴ڣ𶯲ѡ׳ɫ԰׵
ʦҺʹһϵ
ҹδȡһŵҩݸ׳Ȱŵҩˣ㲻ҪżڻûȫܹоӳΪһ֣Ǹʱ򣬲
ţ
׳ʹͷϴźЦӹǿŵҩ԰׵ɫʼָ
ҹʱ֡

󴸷죬ҹδ뿴׳ữӡӡϣõʱͻ֣ҴС⡣׼ӡ
׳չֻ֣
һ󴸻⣬ֻ֣ʧֻУֵֻγӵӡǣ·̥һ㡣
׳һ󴸾ʹĳ֣С

󴸱б׳˷ܵ󴸡һ²˻ȡǱ촸Уʼ
촸ҹδѾҲ˲١ִԻԪʵ˴ģԾʺ͹ʲôЧҹδҲ֪ԣָ׳ĹУҲԴ˳ڴ
ʮ֣Ӷһøˡ
ҹδƬҰ죬ʱܷ˴ӷƣ촸˶׳㺮ҫĵס
˵ڰ죬Ǽ̡
Ϊϵ̶Զе
ҹδҲܵĻӭ
֮ܵĻӭ컨ΪռıǳСܵͿһۡܵ黶ӭľ󲿷֣Ϊ̳ĸܳĵӡ
ӷƣʮ꣬ڡ
׳ʮ꣬Ȼֻ壬ʵȴ˻
ҫʮ꣬˻۷塣
ĵף꣬˻ڡ
ĸӣڽӭͬսȫʤ˺ҹδΪҹδһµĸ߶ȡ
ǿصĲҹδΪҹδڵˮƽҹδڽĹУΪֱԵСʿӵ
ϵӰԶ֮ǰеȺµܱȣҹδʼҳΪ۹飬Ϊһ󣬶ʼǰҹδǰǵѧʼŰ׻۹
ҹ
˵Ľѧҹδڡһ鼮һЩ鼮ҹδ뿪ţҪĴУҹδ
ʱҹδڿǹ۹Ľܡ
۹ϽⷽһĽ˴ϵҲʮӴӡķҹδͬ
ǣ˵ⷽʿ֮ҲⷽԵȻҲŵĴ֮ȴôӡ
ԣⷽһ;УҹδǷ磬ڵĴ棬ȴҹδǷòһǰ㡣


729 ۹
ķ鼮أⷽҲֻһ۹һڰ׻۹ô٣ʥȻûˡڣѾǺˣοֻʮꡣԣⷽķ磬ܵҵ׷
֮;ȴֳַɡ
һߵɣҲԸֱ֮罣ǹȵȡ
һ߷ɣһûбֵͨӡȡ֮սʲôеȵȡ
УռݾԵƣɴھԵơ
ɵĴƾã񡣶ʱȴǧ꣬ĵǵ̶Ҫ̫ࡣ
ҹδ˳˼ⷽķ࣬ԼʵӦߵɡΪԼսǿľǽͽ
ķ޷ʵԵǷ磬ҲǺǿҲɣֻǷûзֵôûдɣҲûдķɡͨ£Ǽޡҹδ룬Ҳпռ
ǺԣһķȻ̻ҹδǷ磬ȴ̫࣬ҲΪ⣬ߵľǴ·ӡ
ҹδһҲԼⷽҲܹջ
һֱоԼֶλ٣Ҳǽͽ󣬵Ҳжпռ䡣ĵûСȻûнӴⷽĵǿЩأⷽĵȻȴΪ⡣
ⷽ̽һЩḻһԼֶΡ
һºĸͽ뿪˽ò˵ܴⷽһ꣬־˼ϵемС߽۹ĽΧڡ۹ĵ۶Žľ롣
һ꣬ĸӶﵽ˸ԾԲֻǶûмͻƣڸԼ
ѾϵķķҽѧϰҲˡڷڵ۷壬ǶܷȴֻСɣҲûмͻƣÿܷ
׳촸ҲСɣÿҲ촸
ҫĹ㺮ҲСɣ׵ĵҲˡĸӶԼæµĶǱҲͻơ֪ÿĺʵδżĺôҲ֪Լʦ۶ˣǶʦܺ棬ʦǷҲ֪Уʼǵǰͷ
ʦͽڹٵϡ
ƴܣϴ˷ܣʦֱ۶𣿡
ҹδϵû˿˷ܣüһ˿ǳ궼ȥˣԼӦ۹ĲˣȻĸ۹ҲӦ˵ԼǵΪֹĸûϢܴĿĸû۹ڰ׻۹
ԼڵӦѾڰ׻۹ǴķΧӦúСҲ֪ĸھΣ
ûΣգ
ʦƼҹδ벻Ӧֻһ
Ѿ˵۹֮ѧԺҲͣա
ʦܵ˰ɣҫʵ
ţҹδͷ
ҫ˷ʦǲҲһܿͻ᲻ϵͻƣɾܵ
ҹδ΢΢ҡͷ룬ھͿͻƵػͻ컨ﵽ۶ҲѣҲǼ顣ܵͬôףӦ۶ľͣһʱ䡣
ΪǸ磬ҪܹͻֻܵͿˡ
֮ܵǰΪǵ츳ټʦİֻҪͰͿԲϵ
ǵ۶Ҫⲻ츳Ե⣬ҲҪһԵǾҪǵĸԴˡ
ӷ׷׵ͷûа٣ԼôС˻ˣʦԣԼò˼ܹ꣬ͻƵ۶ǸʱԼʮ꣬ðʱȥͻܵԼܵ磬Ҳˡ
̣
ҹδŵ׳ûʲôƿϵ⣬ҸʵܿͳԽǣﵽ൱ܵľ硣ǶǸϵҲ̫˽⣬׳˵ɡ
лʦ׳֪ʦ˵öԣʦϵȷʵ˽⣬ʦ˵Ȼʦ˽⣬ʦÿ춼ڹۿ̶ܣܹǰܳһӦֻҪʦͲ
ƶͻƵԲ⣬ͻƷʱҲҪҲҪĻԵ
Ƶͷʵ⼸Ӷ֪Ǳȱ˵ĶࡣʦȻ˵أ춼ʦʦʱʮŨǵĻԵ


730 ѧԺ

һ۹ĵ۶еһӭûСȴҲûĮҲһĽӴ
۹ʵ۲ûнӼҹδһˣǵ۹ѧԺԺҲûԽӼһԺȪеʿӼҹδ롣ſҲֻǿҹδʾԼԸѧԺν֮ȪеĿЩˡ
ô˵ҹδڵ۹źܴģȻΪеֻͣ۶ܵǣصҹδ뽲ѧˮƽ
ǵ۹ѧԺɲѧԺΪʦ;ҲҪ۶ҹδոմﵽʸ
۹ѧԺֻΣһϸһ£һϸϡ
ϸϵ꼶ʦܵʿҹδֻܹϸµ꼶
ҹδ뵹ǲصǵ۹ѧԺڵĴС׼һѧϰһ߽һչԼ
չҹδ˵ѣ⣬Ѿﵽ˵Ԫ磬ΪһǷ־ȥ̵ϸһµѧûаѣаڼ̵ʱڣԼѧԱľ磬˱ضһĺ䶯
ڵ۹ѧԺɵĺ䶯ҲضὫԼһȥ
Ҵڵ۶ϢҲΪܹͨð׻۹ϢҲܹõĸϢĸԼϢ
ҹδǫ飬ûΪԼ̵ֻܹϸһ¶вãȪжҹδһСҹδ
Щʦ۹ѧԺҲἫ۹ѧԺϵ
ޣޣĴϵһϵ
ޣ
Ȫɫһ㣺ĵӶްɣ
ǣ
Ӧⷽźܸߵ裬ΪʲôҪѡޣ
ҶԷһֱܸȤֻһֱûеõϵͳѧϰĻᣬ۹ѧԺܹóԸ
ȪлȰȰҹδ룬ҹδܹ̳ܳĵӣұѾ۶˵ҹδɸԶǳǿɣҲʮھܹܵǸ޷ɣǲϹ
δ룬ҪŪףɺɱԴҪٺܶ࣬絤ĸɡΪڵķɱ׶ΣûһϵͳԷҲֻܹṩһЩĹ͵û˻ָ㣬ΪǶоɵϵоǷɵʿ٣²ƵҲ֪١ⲻ˽ĵѣҸ֮Ҳʱͻһ٣϶ҪԿġ
ˣ㻹Ҫѡ𣿡
ţ
ҹδش÷ǳҪⷽ紴ĴķɾΣ
ɣľԼûбҪѧϰĽͽ󱾾ߵô·ӣûʲô
Ȫ΢΢ҡͷҲȰˣƣȥѧԺߣѧԺžԺɡ
ҹδͷӹŶƣлȪУȻԼĸӣߵķѧԺȥ
۹ĵ۶һѧԺռɽ塣γһԲɽһƬ޴ƽԭÿɽ嶼ƣƼУǧ
ҹδ߷ȥ;ҲܶʿУеĳݣеĳҹδˣЩһЩп
ʵϣԴⷽ磬ҹδопһҲҲսΪûĴڣһսԶδҹδǷսңһʿϱһݱ뺷ɱһȻԵá
һ磬ǾͬҲҹδǷĶ֣ҹδãͨսԼǷԺⷽʿҲҹδĸһ·սδһܵԭΪҹδĸӵѵνϿᡣһ·ϲǺսһҪսǿޣսľ档
ĸӾûûܹ˵ģʱƺأҲֲпѵԼĸӱⷽʿ϶ɷͱ뺷־Ҳ쳣ǿ
ɽһɽţ֣ɷԺ
ɽֱɽܹһݣµּ䡣ڰɽѾƳƣɽɽ벿֡
ҹδһ·ϣ۲ΧȻףɽŵɽ֮Щݶѧľסȵ˰ɽ㿴һЩҪȾסЩ˺ܶ࣬ǴҲǽҡȻҲֵĽи֮ءߣʦİ칫һɽΧŸӾµĽʦľס
ҹδʦİ칫Ժңžİ칫⡣⻹һŮҹδ˵ԼĿģֵǿơŮޱվžİ칫ǰţȻ󽫷ƿ˽ȥ


731 
һʹ洫ЦȻŹֶʧˡҹδ뿴һţȻŸơ
ֳŹ֣Ϊͷһ˲䴫ĻЦ۵һЩ̸ʡ
Ȫв˵Щÿնæоûʱָ
ܿ죬ٴδ򿪣ǸŮҹδȥҹδĸӵ⣬Լһ˽ȥ
ĸˣΪһŰţŲˮĸ˶󣬾˸֣ȫûҹоֺķĸоһŮӿҹδ
ҹδ룿
ţԺ
žͷĽѧˮƽܸߣѾ۶˰ɣ
ǣҹδͷҶԷֻ֮һֱûеõϵͳѧϰĻᣬԲż뷨ɣϣܹһԸ
žͷѧԺ׼ڷɣ
ҹδ룬Լڷⷽ滹ǲУҡͷ¶ʱڲУڷɵĵ̺ǳδһʱڣǻὲɡ
ԭΪž᲻ˣȴžɫûʲô仯
ʵϰɲףɣȥɽı֣ܷһһΪޣѡһôҲֻüˡ
ҵĿγ̣
Ȼ㻹Ҫɣγ̱ȥɷԺԺÿҲڿΣʣµʱ䶼ǰ򡣡
ĸӣΰţ
ѧɵ𣿡
ҹδҡͷ
žǲμǸԺʹȥĸԺ
ҹδ뿪žİ칫ң룬ȥݷ˷ԺԭԼĴӳΪԺѧԱǵԺԺ֪ѾǷڣΪ
϶ǲܵѧԱȫԵʦģһƷ͵ʦ
Ƶľû⣬Ⱑ
ʮķڣĸڲǼꣿѧҲȷƵԺһҧƷһ༶ڿʦһ¡
ܹãܣǾֻҪȽƸȻؼҸʦٴһЩ㵣ʦ
ԣշƻǱҹδ˷Ժ
ȻдʣµȥɣɵԺҹδڿΣȻǷǳˣϾҹδڿˮƽһ༶ѧϸһµľ硣ȻѧҫȻѧԺΪѧԭҹδĵ׳ȴû뵽ѧԺҲרĿγ̣ҹδȻɡ
ĸѧԺסҹδͷǲҪǮģһѷסйʣΪ˵ʦʣµ˾ͲˣѧҲסҪɷѣȻѧѡҹδ뷢֣ԼѧԺĹʾͿȫ֧ӵѧˡöƵĹʡ
ҳһ׳ҫȥǵᣬԺ㡣ҹδ콾ѧԺֱѧԺĴϲ£Ժ̵ҹδʦͽˣӰõᣬÿһСͱ
ҹδԺȻȥ˷Ժι˷ƵסҪӵס˺ܶ࣬Ҳ˺ܶ࣬˺øۡ
ҹδĸ˷ɷԺڷɷԺֻǸҹδ밲һʱסȼǵס߲˶٣Ϊҹδ뻹δܹһܣҲΪ˷ɵӡ

ҹδɿʦڷɾͻһӡ
ĸӼסԼסȻĸȥźɽȥ
ҹʦãѡɾͶˡǷɺɲͬЩ˾һӣ֪ɱɱǷɾͲͬˡ
޵ľңͳ
ʦԤףʦܹһִ
л
ֱһʯγʯ֣ÿһʯ϶һַ޴Ŀһɨ顣
˻ô࣬ûγɷϵͳ
ҹδһʯһʯؿȥʯֻдŹֺͼ飬ҪҪ̽ʯǣֻǿʯϵļ飬ҹδͲǳ鴤˼¡
ƿػ⿣üȸζ
ñƣþƵζΪ

Ƿɸɵ飿
⡭ҵ
ֲɿɣؽ޷չһҵһǸսǸ

ҹδ³һֵ̧
һʯܶɣ
ҹδһȥٶȷǳ졣
ⲻǷϻֲȥֱɨһۼͷܲ


732 
ֻǲһʱʱ䣬ҹδ뿴˾ųɵʯȻֲ׵Ĺ͵ҲȷʵûдҹδĹһʣµһɱ֣ҹδǰߣĿһʯɨŲͣʵûֵͣʯ
վһʯǰʯбʯ̫ˣֻа˸ߵʯȴֵģʯֻ֣

ûм飬Ȼûм飬ÿ˼ҹδ룬һʱ֮侹Ȼһ˿Ӧ
΢룬ҹδʯǰϥȻʷľ̽Ǹʯ
ˡ
һӽ뵽һ磬Ǹڲϵܱ䣬һԪţУϣԣŹ
һ
ҹδһӾˣ𾪵һӶ˾˺ʯϵʯڸ˳
ǡ
ҹδĿʼ䷽ſЩʯȻЩʯϵĹȻǧٹ֣׷ԴȴǴݻҲĵͳ
˵
ҹδſ۾ɨӣЩʯԴȪûм飬ô˭ģ
һƽһľٴν̽룬̽룬ûȥֻһԹߵݹۿʯһݻȻģط֣ʼһֱŹ仯ֻһԪȴǼΪģ
ͺһУɿһһԪʼܱһĴ硣ֻЩûпһԪֻ̣ǿһԪβͣǴʼܱọ̈̄ɴ
ȻЩźҲĻԵˡҹδ붼ƣĻԵڣһķʿôܹ䵽˵ز
ֻȥһЩĹȴȥԴĹ
̧ͷɫѾƻʱ֣ԼĵӦˡ뿪˱֣صԼסȻԼĸѾվԼס⡣ĸӽӽ
ţ̣Ȼʦͽϥʼ
ҹʱ֣ĸ뿪ˡҹδٴ˱֣ϥǰٴ̽뵽ʯУٴοʼ
ȻͷⷽʯУҪĺѣֱѵ˼㡣ǰȴִ⵽˼㣬ìͳһҹδԣѰԴͷ뵽һǱǴпʼ
ΪҹδеѾﵽ˷ľ磬Ҳ൱ڵԪľ硣Ƶţֱ
֣˵ˣ򲻵Բ˵Իﲻʯеĳ̶ȡ֪ʯем㲻Բȴֻ֪ҪԼûдﵽʯļ£޷ƵȻҲ޷Ƶ
Ǿʹпʼɣ
ա
ҹδȥϿˣڵĶϸһµѧԺ
ҹδվڽ̨ϣʮѧʱЩѧҲڿǵĿ˷ܣż𾴣ųݣҲŻɣŲм
ҹδڵ죬ҽ̳ĸ콾ĵӣȻܹΪҹδѧжΡҲѧ콾Ҽڶ֣ԭ̬߸ϣ۶ڵĺܶǶôܿһС߳ҹδ룿
Ȼҹδ졣
ҹδһ磬ûиɱģֻǽһѧþ̽ǵȻ˵ĹٽжϣĹǷʺǡ
ҹδҪͷмΪ档ֻѯʺͲ鿴ÿһˣÿһ˵϶ȴûиΪ϶ǷĹҪⷽĹⷽ⣬Ҳںⷽ繦һ·Ȼˡ
ЩѧҲûʲôȣʮϣΪÿʦˡÿʦͨ˽ԼѧȻԼѧ״츳ÿѧƶ͹ɡ
˵ѧԺʦǺܸģֻȼѧʦ۶۽磬飬֪ʶ棬㲩;ȺҹδʮǧΪҹδҶᵽ۷ˡ
һ
ԣʦкܶ⿴ȴҹδһ۾Ϳ˳
οҹδ뻹һ񣬾Ҳʷһɨ裬ʲôⶼپѯʣǵ˽ÿһѧ
ܹʮ˸ѧ


733 
а˸ѧû⣬ǳǵ츳˸ѧ߸Ƕб˾ǲͬѧԺʦѹأż峤ѹءܹѧԺˣ츳ضܼӣ˫ذѹ£ѡû⡣
ʣµһһûбˣ˹ʺˣʦƼĹ˸ҲĿǰ༶Ϊߵѧ˸ѧһ֮䣬Ҳ಻
ʣµʮѧѡ񹦷϶⡣ҹδҲòϣѧԺĵѧԺʦҲܸѡĹûд⣬ûʺϽԵȴѡľԲֻѡĹû
ǰŮѧʷǳˮԣѡĹˮ϶ȴԼа˳嵽ų֮䣬ϣڵΪͨڡ
Ͳò˵ѧԺʦĺҹδܶ࣬ǸѧѡĹѾԺˡ
ҪٷְϣͲ۶ʦܹģֻܵΪҹδ뻹һ൱ڵԪܹ
ǵԪϡĸԪһȺȺѧȥѡ񹦷
õԪ
ҲЩбˣм峤ô
ʮѧϣһʱ͹ȥˡҹδ¿ΣԼ͵һ뿪˽ңĲˡ
ʮѧĹظҲ˵ܶѧĶͬһۺҲͰ˸ǻԣľԣǽԡʮѧԵʡ
ԣҹδ˵ֻҪѧԺӦĹѡѡǵĹҲа˳嵽ųʺϣǻһϵĹɢޣֱϡֻר֮󣬻ǵӾǱ
ҹδûǰѧԺĲ󣬶ȥ˷ɷԺֱԼпռ䣬֤ԼѾ޵ĵͿԳΪеһԱ
žҹδͷųļпռ䣬ͷڷɷ浹ЩʣܹһھһԳΪɷԺһԱɷԺҲŹ򣬿Ըʱ䣬ȫȫͱ뵣ʦҵ
ԼǷûʲôһеڱ֣ʱȥ򡣡
лԺ
ҹδܸˣڷ߿ԲʦҲ˵ȫȫÿֻǱһĿξͿˡ
뿪˷ɷԺֱɷԺĲѧԺĲ󲿷ֶʦšҲŲΡҹδ룬Ϊֻϸһµİ༶ʦֻܹÿֹϸһµĹ֮ˣЩΪ˸ʦģΪʦΪѧѡ񹦷ġ
ѧԺѸѧṩһѡĹĸѧҪ޹ǵǮֱӵľʯһѧѾһĸˣѧԺʿҪʯһûǸʸ
ҹδ뿪ʼʮѧѡͼϣҹδľ磬ֻɨһ۾֪ǷԼѧҲ˼һʱ䣬ѡʮֱֹʺʮѧȻȫϣҲﵽ˾ųɾš
Ȼص˷Լסĸ֮⣬һʿ棬Ǹ˱ҹδסģϾѾΪ˷еһԱ
ɲʱסˣδҹδҲҪס̵ʱ䣬ҹδҪѡһԼĶϾĶеҵһʺԼĵطѹһٶȡ
ҹδ뻻ʿ飬ҲܾΪһҹδѡסǱҹδӦøСѵġ
һʮҹδ붼̫⡣ȻʮλöŨҲܸߣҲҹδ뿴صĲ
ҪһƧĵطҲעء
ǸʿˣѧԺҲһʦԸΪƧѡסɽı棬ǱʮƧΧûһסҹδҲ˹ƧԸˣҹδʦͽ
ҹδһͷǳ⣬Χû˼ľ죬ֱһľУһľ¥ɢŸϢ
ܺã
ҹδ⣬ǳȡʮʯݸǸʿǸʿϲ
󷽰
ʿл˼ΣȻȥҹδͽ߽ľ¥ҹδ΢΢һüë濴ľ¥Ǹ࣬ǽ϶̦߽ľ¥֮ȴûһ˿ϢŨ


734 ս
ǲ˾鷨
ҹδϥڵذϣĸǰңʼ
ҹδһ߿ʼһ̽ľݣͨĵϣ׵ظ֪ľݵܡ֮ˣΪŸоﲻǲ˾Ŷʷľɨˣǵ£ΧĿռ䣬ûоҲû̽鵽ʲôԵ˿˲Ųòַ
ţ
ҹδһʱֻһٶȣΪٶ࣬ͻĵ̫̫࣬ۡ
һٶȣȴֲû֮ǰŨ̶ȡ
ⲻԾ
Ȼͷ֣ԼĵŵȥȻʧˣ·һ޵׶һضٶȣԼĵϡ
ľٶкŵɨȥоһؿ˵һ󷨣ģ塣
ҹδûм٣ǰʱָ֮˼һĸȥŵͷŵ档
֮ǰǸԸƧʦԸƧӦı󰡡
ǲ֪ıʲô
Ǿɡ
ҹδٴοʼתǳٶȴﵽһʱֿһģ󷨣ֻģ塣
ҹδӴٶȣصϻ۶ֻǲûγɵǰĹģɱߡ
ŵϱյ󣬵Ǹ󷨿ʼɲҹδ̧ͷһΧ״ٶȣűֵĿܡ󷨶ܴܹϵĶǱҹδ뽫һҧʼǳٶȡصҹδ۶
ɷԺУʼʿоĵϵƺƽʱ̫һʱҹδҲڿǸһ
뵱Ӧʦ֮ǰһ󣬽᲻ϵԶصϣջڷ֮У֪ҹδ룬ΪͻƻԽ뷨֮ǰ󣬾ȻķֺӦǸͬ
ֹͣǴѾ䣬ôҲо󷨣ڷڹĲǳرӦǸ󷨣ͼ¼һڣҹδ롣
ҹδֹͣصɢȥмʿ߳˷ţǴʱǵѾɢȥ΢΢һüͷȻɢػȥˡ
ҹδʱȴһӼпʼµĴǸΪ㣬һǳǿһӦʦֻ۵ϵĴųǿڣҹδƽʱǸоģþɨ趼ֲˡǸ۵ϵ󷨣յϵٶȺϢ˸ͷֲˡֻҹδƺƴ󣬼ӿ˵ϻۣŽµ˳
ҹδоȻûзռ䡣
ʱռڣڷֽ󷨣ҹδ뵽ռڣһһعۿţڷֽֿ֮ʼΪǿ󷨣һһǻ۵ϵ󷨡ҹδ벻Ҫ󷨣ֻҪŪν󷨾ͿˡˣҲһһؿٻأ뿪ռ䡣
һΣڵµ˽⣬þɨ裬㷢ʧľ¥ڣ¾Ǹ۵ϵĴ󣬴󷨣ҹδ붼͵վһĺߡԣȫǵϻҺɡ
յϵٶȣҪǧꡣ
󷨱Ӧʦõ󷨲˺ܶ࣬ȫȣȻĳ񣬵Чȴǧ
ҹδסԼҪںͷ뿪˵£صľСȶľ֮ȽԭסǸʿһ£ҪѡͻƻĵطͻƻҪɽٵģ̫
ȻܲˣԼ
ֻͻȻĴϲҹδûȥֵ˼ֱڶ磬ɼѧʱҲûôģ֪ЩѧԱѡĹʺǣҸǸ޹֣Ȼ㿪ʼĸź;顣һ¿Σҹδ뿪ˡ
ҵǸ֮ǰͬѡʿʿ˻Ȼѧʸ񣬲ܵʦΪˣҲʺϵѧѧԺһĹԣҹδԷʱ򣬱شӦˡ
һٷʱ䣬ҹδ㽫òˡ
ԭסҲһʦҲ۶ʱ򣬵ѧԺʦҴӵʦһ𣬾һֱסǸƫƧĵطͻƵ̻ܵǸʿٶʱ䣬ǸʿԸΪƧ˽ѧ󣬱Լľݣκ˴򽻵
ͻ֮ܵĵ꣬۹Ͱ׻۹սˡ


735 
ǵ۹սǧȫսǸʿȻҲˣȻǰߡѾȥһǧꡣ֪˶ˣҲ̸ʱ̸Щӡ
ҹδǸѾˡ
ûˣ
Ҳ̾ǸʿΪȻͣȴǿ͵͵ǸӦΪԼͻʱãȴû뵽ոͻܵˡ
ĳһ漼츳ˣҹδ붼塣ǲҲһ
һ֮ˡҹδֻҪ˿ƣֻҪǻҺĵϣͿ̵ʱͻƵ۷壬Ȼ֥¶ͻҺϵ˫ظܿͻﵽԲȻ񻯵ˡ
ҹδ벻׼ԼĵҺĵϻӵ壬ҲÿһʱԼĵϸĸ
߾ϲȴ֪Ѿʼˡ
ҵԴͷ̵Ǹ༶
Ǹ༶ԭһʦİ༶ʦ༶ѧԺ۹ʿѧʮѧֳ˸ȼÿʦ༶ѧԺһָҹδ롣
ҲѧԺҪһ༶еʦ˭Ըóһ༶ó༶ġ
ΪҪó༶
ԭܼ򵥣༶֮󣬱ڴһº˽ÿѧʺһĽȣ·ְˡΪǼӵѧһ࣬еŰࡣȻеȵļһ࣬еͨ࣬󽫿ϵѧһ࣬еࡣ
ƽʱɾŰ࣬ɾͨ࣬һɾࡣνһɾҲǲ̣ܲÿձƵĽ֮ߣøʮ˸ѧ⡣

Ҳʹ
ǶıãһѶŰࡣԣ༴߸߸еıҲܲûиģǾͶԲˣŰɡ
Ϊʲô
Ϊ߸ǼеĵӣܸͽѧԺͲˣż
Բ
ڼûǸλ
ʵϣܹѧԺѧ츳ǲġ
ʮ˸ѧҲϰˡԭʦͻɣǵĶЩľˡѲ׾˾˲Ļ
ο˵ҹδʦвСǸʦ죬ҲฺܹЩأ
ԣҹδӰʱЩѧҹδ뻹ǺڴеģҲֻΪݣϰߵЩмǱʶУҲڴ
ҹδһϿΣǵʣûеִÿʦҪġǵڶ죬Ȼ߸ѧ֮⣬ʣµʮһѧ֪Ҫ޹
ˣ
ʮһˣˣʱҪǸ޹
ѵҪɢޣ㿪ʼ
漰һӾɢȻȻؾʹ˷ĶС
ʱͲˡ
Ϊʲô
࣬ģǵѧѡ񹦷ʱ򣬿ˡ

ʮ˸ѧѧ˼ҳžĹʣµʮѧУʮһҪѡҾ͸ѧѡһ
ͱʹˡ
ֻһʱ䣬ѧдˣʦ֮Ҳˡ
ǸطǸ˾еˡ
ȻҲвԸʦ
ⲻ
ʦѾʼϢĽѧˮƽ̫ѡ񹦷ԣʦӵܣڰܻѧԺϢ˵ƶ£Ѿѧӡ
̣
ԣˣ
ҹδν̵ĵ죬ҹδ洺ԼĽȥ
ĸ˰
ԼǸҺϺԽԼѹٶȲˣٶȽ֮ǰ
ãԵԼ༶ǰ˵ʱҲû˿ƻĿһɨԼ༶ѧвٲʶѧһЩʦȻԼĸӴҴҸ׷ԼʦƽԼոյõϢҹδ룬ҹδҲֻǵͷһûбƻ
£ҹδ뿴Ͳ¶ܸ˵Щʦк
λʦð
ЩʦһЩȻϾֵģ֮һҹδ롣һҲҹδк
ҹʦã
ôˣҹδЦˣ


736 ̵ֳ
ǺǣЩʦεЦš
Զһ֮ϣԺȪкԺݺվڴǰңңߡʱ򣬷ЩʦĿⶼ㼯ϣĿдԵļǰ߳ɫ
ҹʦǷ
ʦá
˵ѧ޹
ţҵѧȨɣȻҲֻǽ飬ǲϣҲԼ֮ǰĹʦҲֻѡȨûоȨѧԺĹɣ
Զԣҹʦ˵ĶԣΧʦһӦ͡
Ͼ͸ֳƺԭҵѧ
ҹδƵ˵ҵѧ
һεĴɫҪΪǸ𡣡
ҵѧҹδƵ
㲻⣬Ƕ꣬ܲס
ҵѧ
ѵҪɢޣΪʦҪΪѧ𡣡
ҵѧ
ӵܡ
ҵѧ
ƻѧԺ
ҵѧ
۹еʦ̲סˣЦᴫȾʦЦ
ҹδ룬㻹˵Ļͻһ䣿ŭ
ǲѧҹδƵ
۹
Ҫ
ҹδ۾һðڣ
ҹδһиǷŭһС߳ʿʲô̸Һڵ۶ȣ
Ȼ۶۶ҲвεĲͬڵػظʮһ㣬ҹδм㣿
οҵĻʵ൱أ
Сط似ܹ
ڡҪ֪СطСطӸ涼ܺ͵۶ȡνоһЦ
ҹδȴ᷽ΧʦֵλʦѧԺʦ֮ıȶʲô𣿡
ûʲô򡣡һ꼶ЩʦЦ̨ߵ̨Ϊ䣬ʧɱҲûΡ
Цؿҹδ룬ſҹδ־Ŀ⣬ȴҹδЦӯӯлһ˿ڴ
ʲôֲ߰ʶط
ҹδȷʵڴ۶ûк͵۶ʿ֡۹ĵ۶ʿӦôⷽǿ߲Σÿ磬۶ʿӦôŶҪⷽ綥սΣ
ЦһСطģ֪ôдΪСطĵܹ͵۶ˣ

ɫѾָ˵Ȼ̨ҹδ֪ʲôвࡣ
ѧҲˣѧԺѧȶǳ£Ҫʦ֮ıȶǿɲףϾʦҪӵġ
ϡ
ԺݺῪڵӴҹδ룬оΣ
Ȫ΢΢ҡͷʵҲ
ݺͷǾͿʵɡ
ԺɫҪɱ֡
ݺᵭѧԺҪʵѧˡҹδһµ߳һ·ĿĿ¾ҪѧԺﵽĿˣѧԺҪǷܹʸʤ˷˵Ǹʸɱˣ˵Ūٵġ
Ȫбͣ˵Ŀ̨ȥ
ʱѾ̨
һ̤α̨ϣҹδ
ʦȥŪ
ΧɫЩŹ֣˵ȥܹŪڰɱһ۶Ѿ̨ϵķɫˡ
ʦĶ֣д裬Щͬѧȥ
ٺ١ƺЦ
ҹδһ̨վڷĶ档Ӵָȡһ
ʦ롣
ҲȡһҹʦҪСˡ
ɣϽ꣬һҪϿΡ
ɫһͣ
ϣ
һҹδ˹ҹδ볤һ죬ͬʱȵҫˡ
󳤽죬һʽ㺮˳ȥ
ǻԣĽǻ衣Ȼûͨ磬ȴҲ磬ѾСɡ磬ûнܹܵȻǾ콾ȴҲ콾һߣܹǰ벽콾
ҫڵ˻ҹδĽ̵£ҹδϵĸ£һ·ϵĲս£Ȼûн㺮򵽵磬ȴѾƣһǴԲһֱҪ⣬һ򵽴ԲͿͻˡ
ҹδһҫһĿʱþԵרעΪԼʦûͷŵƶûгͨͨ似ףʦҪͷ㺮


737 似Ե
Ȼʦ֮ǰͽ㺮һǴͷʼȴûһս
似ҲáҲãͨҲգԭΪսġ֮ǰûսͽ⣬ûиҫֱ۵ĴҹδҪԼĵֱӵĴ
һᣬҫһᡣ
ǣΧ۵ʿȴֳ֮ɫ
ͨ似ȥԵǲʲô
һ֮Уҹδͻᱻճ˻ҽǸڵλԺжֳʧ֮ɫҲûֹ֮˰ɡΪѧԺ۵㡣
ͻȻоû˼һӬ˻ϲ
У
ҹδȻľһ۶ھˡ
ǡ
һ
ԷͷŵǸһʼͿһĵҲһˮ£ûʲôܡ
ĳǻ֮ͬһݡ
۵һˡ
ǻɢˡ
ôܣ
ˣӷҹδ빥ҹδηֱӴǸ㡣ҹδ뿴ոŵĵ̫㣬ǴԲĵ㣬ֻһЩֻдﵽͨŻǳǳ٣ѱ֡رǵСɵҹδУֱɸһ
ͨ似ʼһ΢Сÿһ΢СǻܶСΪ޷˺ҹδ롣
˿𾪶⣬ҫȴǿľǹ㺮Ȼʦõǽõǹںһġ
ҹδھô似ӦԵھ˿ֱһ߸˭֪ӵƣѹ似ΪܹӰֵ飬ڸо޷Ŵ˵ܣвþ̶Լ¶Ե˵ƣеûС
Ȼҹδڵ״̬
ֻƵˣŲþڵҹδ룬ضƣԲŲ¶ΪηԷơ
ǷõĲưǵ
ðɣҹδضҲ˵ԲηԷĵ
ǣҹδ벻η⣬ͨ似ܹƽ۷ˡ
ô
ͺñȶԷһ󴸣һǩͶԷһƫƫǩֵܹڡ

ҵĸоڼ֡
ΪǷĵڷɿСѹҹδķΧΧСһ̶ȣضѹҹδ似̶ҹδ롣
ҹδһգڵķڲϵպϼӵݣһŵѹա
ҲǾ˵ĵ߸ˡ
ڵȪдʱ̲ס̾ҹδĻ̫ʵˡ
ݺ˫Ҳھܹҹδ벻˵
Ժ㿴ĵӡ
ݺĿҫϡ
ʱҫ뵽һľ磬ȻѾƣ㺮⡣
㺮һִͨÿһ򶼲ףõǣһˣܾԾˡ
ѾƣȴһֱԲʼ⡣񿴵ʦʹ㺮似ˡ
Լʵ
ˡ
֮У֪ͷųԼƣһǹӰ塣ֻӰ͵ˣɭݺĸ֣ڳһЩܵϾʿȴܹӰ飬ǸӰ·ССɸۡ
ǴʱЩɸڷɿСۿԼʦڹ㺮ãڹ㺮ƱԽԽʵӰԽԽʵһ巽չ
ϡ
̨֮ϣҹδĳѾ̳һŹ⣬ÿһⶼĽֻΪٶ̫죬˵ӾγһִһŹ⡣
ҹδһĴ⬣Щ̶ʵĽ⡣
ȻͻķΧڲϵСֻвֱ׵ķΧȴû˿ļ
ʱƽҹδˣ˵ʵǶһ衣
ʱҲѾ֪ҹδ벻û͸ԼҲͲƽԼĵڵһϾͱԼĵˡ˵ȴã似裬ʲô
Ҳ̨µҫҹδԴ̣ںɱУԷڸԼӡ
Ƕ࿴
Ƕ裿
ⲻҪΪҹδڶһּŭֵӵķŭȻҵȻһٻϵˣҹδ붼һٻɱ
ԣ侲


738 ս
ȻҹδҪŭͲŭ
Ȼҹδ似ͱƵҹδ벻òĴ㣬תõһҹδ붥סòõڱ˴˵ϣռƣҹδƽᵹת
ǸʱԼҹδ룬ɱҹδʱ̡
ԣ侲֮ȴ򣬽߾ܵСԼһһѹҹδ룬СҹδĻȦӡ
ڵҹδȦӻзԲ׵ģһСһףҹδͱ似ͻᱻԼɱ
еʿʱҲһ㣬Ҳҹδֶܹá
ǲҹδֶܹãѾҹδ룬ΪҹδʸΪѧԺʦġ
ġ
֮ǰǻ￴ҹδġ
һС߳ʿ죬ǿҲһֶΣĿľҪ۹ѧԺ
ֶǿϣҲϡ
Ǵʱҹδõǵͬ
ЩѧʱɵˣЩѧп컨ĸ߼ѧǴδ似ǿ˵ز
ȻܹԿ
ϣ
һǹ˵Ŀ⣬ǿҫǹƵõԲȻƵķΧվģֻԵĵ˲ܹ֪ԭǿģֲҫĵˣǴʱҫǴһ״̬УûпԼƣӵģ˶оơ
ԣ
Ǹо
Ŀǿġ
ЩͼѧûƵѧоŴ̹ǵĺϮǹâϮɷ׷׺ˣȥҫ
Բ
һ̣ҫ㺮ƺʵˡ
ϣ
̨һ˵ע˻ȥѾѹƵҪһ׵ȦӣȻٴˣһָҡ
ҹδͷųơ
˵Уҹδҹδ룬ڷʱУҹδ·һ
ֻһɲǣƿϾ˵ģҹδӰ첻ҹδȻӰ첻ȴܹӰԼȻΪ飬ǶҹδҲżӳɣҹδȥԷٶһȼҹδܹԼѹƵķΧȻԭ
ԭҪҫһݽȥˡƵĴԲҲҹδʱ״ֻ̬ǶƵûڻ״̬ʱʦƵãéٿ
ǣƱϾΪ顣ηѹΧٶȺܿ졣ֻǲʮϢʱ䣬㽫ѹƵķΧٴСҪһס
Ѿ㹻ˣ㹻ҫƵȫʵͻٽ㡣
ϣ
ҹδĳðʮɽâһӱ㽫ѹƵķΧչʮɷԲ
⣡
㺮֮⣡
һ̣ڷУҹδһ
˽һ
䡭
˫ԽԽңǷȻط֣ԼҪٴѹҹδѹƵȦӣȻˡ
ҹδȻԼΪѹ۶ҹδͨ۶
ⶼҹδûȫӳ۶ʵԷͰˡ
ο뵱ҹδǱԪʿѹƵľ磬ÿԼһУﵽ˼µ
Էˣõֻǽ̶ȣܹԷܡ֮ڻöԷ̨ϱQǸԼͽҫĻᡣ
ԼһӺ
ҫˮɵ⣬黯ʵһǹâҫ
ϣ
̨ϵĻԱҹδ뽣ķ˷
ķɣնɱҹδջ˶ԷһԼոѧԺɱһˣʦǱʶеĵӣֻΪѰĸ硣
ۣ
УڱѪˤ˵ϡ
Ǳֳ壬̶ǲʡоΧǼĿ⣬ЩĿЩʦѧ
ҹδ룬㷢ս
ҹδֳһ˿Ź֮ɫ㲻Ǹոս𣿡
ĿӿѪɫúࣺҪսѧˮƽ
ŶҹδлȻս
ѧڽʱҵѧԣֳӮ
ʦȥˣοﻹкܶ߼ʦЩʦɶܵԷûô˺ǳ
ʦҲ̫ҪˡһҹʦǼӰΪĶΪߵĶˡҹʦİ༶ΪǿҲɣвͨھ׾¶һ㣬⹫ƽ𣿡
װûֱҹδ룺Ҳң
аɣҹδ뵭˵
䡭
̨±һȻһƬҹδѧżǡڴҹδܹͻƣҲûжġ꣬ж֪Լ༶Ϊ࣬Լ


739 ϲ
µʱ䣬ͷѧôôʵ
ѧԺĴͳ
Լ̨ϱˣɾˡ
ҹʦҲ̫ǵ˰ɣ
ҹʦ֮ǰǸܵʦɫⲻǶϷҪϧѧְǴҵ󣬶ǰѧĳ롣
ҹδǸʦΪл
ȻԼѧǱߣ֪ͬп־壬ΪǳΪ࣬ΪʧȥġһʿûģǾͲҪˡ
ʦѧѧҲʦ
ԣڸһѡԸ׺ͷʦѧһ£ԸģѧԺ룬뿪ҵİ༶
ˣ
Ҿ͸Ƿż٣Լú˼Ҵ𰸣
䣬ҹδ̨ԼסȥҫҲ
ҹδҫǸøȥ˱֮֡ǰʼѡС
ڵڲϵݻҹδרעеݻеʮּѣȽһ̶ȣȻȥ֮أпռ䡣
ҪпռһΡ
пռѾһͨǴͨҪпռͨһͨ磬Ҳܹնɱʿ
Ҫһ㣬ҪΧĻĻƵĻľĻһܹйصĻЩ̲صܣԼпռܳɱ
֮Уһֱƻʱ֣ҹδŴгصԼסֺĸһһʱһЩӵ⡣ĸ뿪֮뵽µĴ֮С߽˻ҺĵУϥʼ
ٶȺֹ˰ٱٶȣµʱ䣬ҹδܹﵽ۷壬ԼĹӡϣʣµľɹӰ١֥¶һж⣬һʱ䣬ܹﵽԲ
ڶ졣
ҹδȥϿΣзǳϲ
˭õΪͻͽĻԵжỶϲֻϲͷǵìܣˣȫӰ˿Ļϲ顣
ֱ߽˽ң˼žʮ˸ѧʮ˸ѧȻûз˿Ŀȴ¶ǵļͳݡ
˶ǳǿߣǵУҹδɾǿߡ
ڼǰжҹδٻһЩɣϾǶ콾
ԣ
ǱѧԺѧܹѧԺˣĲǵǱʶҲŽѧԺѧǻԱǶڵ۶֮ˣǻ὾رǶСҹδ룬Ȼҹδ˲СⲢҹδǰԼ۶˵Ľ
һԸıǡ
ҹδ벻սʤ˷ô򵥣սʤͷŵķ
ֱһֵ߸
տʼǻЩԺǾһķͺʹˣ˵ҹδ̼Ϊ񣬻Ϊʵս鼫Ϊḻܹһ㡣ͬʱҲ˵ˣҹδԲ˵ʵ
ԭҹδǸ޹ǵ̫Ĳȷ̫Ļɣִ
ûˡ
Щڴ
ʱҹδĿҲûֽڴҹδվڽ̨ϣǵ״̬
ˣ˵һ£ûҪ뿪༶ģ
ʮ˸ѧû˵ҹδһϢʱ䣬ͷû뿪ǳáʦлǵΡ˵ڶ¡߸Ҫ޹ģʣµʮһѧ˭޹
û˳ҹδͷǺãھȥȡɡȻĿξ͵ȡ֮Լһǽ⹦
ʦ˾ˡ
ҹδĿǸ˵ϣǵǸѧ׼һһѧһ
׼ʲô˵
ʦ׼ɫ΢죬Ŀ¶һ˿ԱҡûǮ
ţҹδɫһ㣬ѧԺһЩѧĹǲ֪ϸ˵˵
ʦǽѧԺѡһҪҪǮѧԺ
٣
ǿֹ۸࣬ҪһƷʯ
һƷʯѧ˵ҲܶࡣǶҹδ˵ëëꡣҹδ벻ܰ׸
ⲻ⣬ҿԽǡҪǻ


740 ں
һѧʦǻ֪¡
ҹδĿɨжʮѧڵľͺˡӦֻʮѧòʯϾܹѧԺģٻЩ۵ġʮѧӦѧԺе
һ룬ƶҲὫǷŽ࣬Ǹ˷ô
ҹδЦˣ֪ȺѧУеʱòʯеܹóʯ
༶ڣʦ˵㡣
ʮһѧʯʦȳˡʯҲ׼Լһʦͳһһһ֮󣬸Ͻò˶ãʦǳȥԣʦʯ
ģʦҪǳȥȼķЩҪĶ
ţҹδͷǵʵ̫ˣ˵ʵҲʦҪǽѵϣѵĽܹǱ콾
ȻȻǳȥһǿɾˡںµѧü뿪༶
ʦǲߡǾ͸㡣
ܹȲʯõܹųȥһӾʮѧ˷ˣһզզ
ˣȥʣµ߸ػѧԼȥжԼĹһῪʼֹҲᡣ
ҹδʮһѧ˲󣬶ҹδѧȡĸҲûʲô֣¶ѧԺˡ
ҹδ뽻ʯЩѧȥдȥѡʺԼЩѧĵҪ࣬ʵ༶ѧûʲôıԣǻԣҲֱֻ֣ǽľֻҪѡֵͿˡȻÿֵҪм档ֱǲȭƷָȻǱ
ҹδû̾ΪϣʺϵĵʿԸҪϣĶһԸˮʿȥ𱬵Ĺ϶ʺϡҹδڲһ硣ԼǮۿѡĴĹѡĹֱͨĵ
ۿЩԼĵ໥ӡ֤һΪѧѡͬʱҲһӡ֤磬ԼĹ̡
ڽʱҹδÿѧ⹦߸ػĹǳѧٸѧ˲⣬ѧĿǰĹ⣬ȥеУһûгֻͣһΣǽԼƣǺӣ£ֺǻںϳһʽûгɹһһʽںϳɹܻʮ
ҹδľһɹ˵ǻԲбԼһɱ֮Ŀԡ
ҿԲСҹδзǳϲⷽջܴ
Ϻĸһһʱٸǽʱ֮ҹδͻڵµϺÿΪٶԼԾ
վڽҵĽ̨ϣԼʮ˸ѧ죬ʮһѧľٶŵ䡣ЩѧʼʱܾţǵҹδǣΪǣøŻ֮ΪҼûľ磬ǵʵҲǰǿ
ԼʵԼҹδ֮һ£ȻԼʵȾǰǿˣһ²ˡһʱһݵҹδ롣
̨ʮѧŸһʮµĶͨ
ҹδý̨Ҫѧ似ǷʺԼ߰ɣȥٳ
ʮ˸ѧض˷ܵظҹδҹδڲ֪Щѧʲô似Ǵദǵϸ۲죬ȴѾ˽ǵԸ
˲ٳڲٳ似ûзİ༶ҹδʦһкȻ㿪ʼһԼĵԼѧ似ȭƷֱȵȡĶҪ
ЩѧҹδѾȫţΪҹδǸ޵Ĺ֤ҹδԣڣȻ似˵ѡģԼ洫似ҲһһȻҹδ뷢֣ûж似ǵԸ񣬻ǵҲΪԸԭ洫ļ似ʺǡ
ҹδ벻֪ǣҴ似ҲѧȫʽǾԲᴫǵġ


741 
ʮ˸ѧÿһ飬һʱҲ͹ȥˡҹδ뵱ɢȻȥԼ
˴ϿΣû߽ңЩѧܵ
ʦǸʲô似
϶ʺǵ似
м似ϴҶûлμ似ҲضʺҵģҲû
ҵļ۸񣬹ʦѡ似Ʒ͡
ǰʦȸǵϣʲôʱܹ壿ǵʵȥԣʮ궼δػɣ
˵ʮ꣬һҶԸʦ
㵹ʦһӣΪʦ״ӣʦ㡣Ҳʦĸ״Ӷʲôʵ
ҹδ΢΢ҡҡͷЦ߽˽ңһӾ;һ۰Ͱ͵ؿҹδ롣
ҹδϣóֽʵ˵似̫ʺϣһдҪһ似Ȼȥһѡ似ֱͨԻܹ󡣼ǰЩ屳ѧԼЩʯҲδܹһ𡣡
ɫһ䡣
ҹδ˵ģǶҪóһʯѧϰ似Ĳ
Ҫʦɿȸǵϡһʦȥһ似Ȼ¿Σȥ֮ԼжԼ似δʱڣʦǽÿһ似Ȼشǲ׵ĵط֮ʦǳȥԡڣ

ܿ죬ʮ˸ֽͷַˡҹδԼѧȥ˲Ϊÿѧһµ似Ȼڲſڽɢˡ
ҹδѧ޹֮ѧ似һҪѧ뿪ѧԺȥԵϢѾѧԺѧԺԴûзӦΪҹδһжϺѧԺĹء
ԺȪлǰҹδȥ˰칫ҡ
ҹʦҪѧȥԣ
ţ
Ҳ֪ѧԺЩҪѧѧǲܳʮ֮һΪʦҪˡ
ףҹδͷ
ҪҪһܵʿǡ
ãҹδܾ
պҹ
ϣҹδ뿴ԼĸӵδѧȥǾͲҪˡѧԺúԼơ
ڡ
࿴ѧԺеķУȻʦ̸ģҲǵĶ֮
ǣ
ʶȫھ͹㣬ڷĹ㲩ȻʦĴжҪѧᡣѧ֮ʦῼ㣬أͿԹ㡣
ǣʦ
׳
ʦ
ҹδȡһָʦΪƵҩҺÿҩҺһʱ
ҩҺṩģֻһֱȱټܹĲҩҲҹδڵ۶ҵġ
ǣʦ
ҹδȡһЩҩݸҫףͰҪꡣ
ǣʦ
ѧԺһ𣿰һǧˣƶ֮⣬ȥսɡÿսһΡ
ǣʦӴϲ
ʦأƵ
ѾѧˣʺȥսȥսԺʦɡ
ã
ա
ҹδʮ˸ѧ뿪ѧԺۣպçƽԭʼ˶ʮѧѵ
ǳ˷ܵʮѧڵһ֮󣬾ͳ׸оԼ˵
ÿֻʱ˯ʱ䣬µʱս͸ָսʱҹδ뻹γһС޳Щѧÿһ춼ǾƣߣȻ̿ʼָ֮ҹδֻѹǣԼơ
ҹδЩѧĲͬͷŲͬƣֱЩѧѹƵľƣߣٴοʼָȻǸָս似ȸĲ㣬ٽǶƵⷽȻ˯
ܶʼ
ҹδжȤζʮʿʱҲ˼ػЩΪֻͣͨĵΧЩΧŨǱĵʮĵӲĵҲ֪֪һºЩӶɹʣµĵȻֵѵУΪ似֮ǰҲûЩͨӵΪĿ죬ЩĽ֮࣬ӵڷˡ
־ǿˡ
ҹδû뵽ģҹδԭǶȤζҪȻصѧԺ֮ȴû뵽Щѧ˸õЧ
ҹδִǰƣʵûʲôѵġѵû˸£Լơ
Լƣ˸ʲô
ûʲô˵ĳɳ


742 ѧԺ
ԼƵˣƣԼԡڱ˸ƵˣҲͽƣԼȴûжҲ˵ûú١
ҹδɲǵжֲԼǷˣֲԼŵӣҲԼ״ӡ
οЩ˵츳Լǣ֪²ܹƣǲһ˿ԣ
Դ̵ĸ£ְ¹ȥ㿪ʼ½½ˡȻְ¹ȥʮ˸ûпˣˡΪʱҹδعעЩʿ
ȻЩԭĵӣȻûбҹδգֵѵУǵΪҲˡ
ʮΪߵĴﵽΪ͵Ҳﵽһȫơֻе˽˴ɣеֻСɡսľ鷭˼رľĥ£Σյ״Ҳֱܹģš
һµʱ䣬ЩӸҹδǿʼ룬ǸΪϿѵֻҪЩ˲Σգҹδ붼֡ԣЩ˶Ǽҳ㷹
ǲ£ҹδĵҩȬöǳ졣
£˴ޣҲ˴ĲҩͿʯҹδÿ춼гչûŻݣҲûдѹÿ춼ЩӣǷԼʯ
ԼΪһԼǷʦʯһ٣Щ˳˶־ÿȻ۵ȴǻˡ
ӴҵΪﵽ֮ʱҹδϢػ۴Ũÿˡ֮ǰЩзǳȡ
Χоôأ
㲻Ǻ£ҹʦڣҲʲôΣաˣеѧΪ뵽ͻͽ֮С
һ¹ȥʮѧûһˣҲ۷壬ǿѾڡѾ˽ԲҲǴɡ
¹ȥ
ѧǶо࣬ΪǷҹδʯ˲ࡣǷʯһǹһǵԼÿǷʯڣǷҲʣ˲ƷʯǷҲͰǧʯ
ͬʱʮѧУĸѧﵽԪ磬ʮﵽʮµĶ
žžҹδİƣλȥѧڿˣǵĳɼеʦǵļ˴һ
˵϶˷ܵЦݣ·𿴵ʦͬѧм˵ĳԾ
֮󣬱Ǻͷʦıȶ
𡭡
һʮѧ˷ˡ

ǿˣ
һ򱻳֮Ϊȥ֮ɨӰţһʲôо
Ķĸо
֪ļӰ࣬ﵽԪҲһˣҲˣˣˡǷŴġˣǺơ
ҹδҲЦݣڰ֣ʮѧһӰ
ȶ֮ͷżˡڷżڼҪѧڵֻһ轨ϸȻȥ߼ࡣ
𡭡
ҹδʮ˸ѧˣѧĩ˻죬ȪҲܸˣΪʮѧˣûһʮѧж⡣Ķȥ
ҲһСסϾֻ
صѧԺҹδҲʮָˣΪջȥȪｻĹУʹȪԼĸӵս
׳ҫӴһʼսÿÿֻսһˡ˼ÿսˡ
һٶʤѾǴǰ߰Ҫ֪ǿֻ˻˻ԲҲ˻ϵ˶컨
սҹδҲܳԾֱԼ˻ʱ͡ǵ츳ܰ
ȥȻͿӵڶսԼΪʲôһֱӮ
Щѧ⣬ûмƵģԼҫˣӺĵҲ˴ɡ׳֮ƣǳƣǵĵǴ֮ơ
ԭԼӵս̫ḻˣȫЩһܹȵġȻԼΪĲ죬Ӯü࣬ջӮˡÿһ˼ѵȡʤԼӵĻʵüޱȡ
ⶼͻƵػ˰
ҹδ⣬ԼͣսҹδǿЦõԼĴӷƣԺʦʦѾû˺ˡѾڸˡǶϷԲҲܡѧԺǷ֮µһˡ
ҲԿʼ˰
ھĸͻưɡ
˾ҹδͿʼԼ


743 ս
պ
ĩˣԼļӰҹδİ༶һ𿼺ˣʦѧҲԹۡȴ÷ˡ
ôܣ
ྐྵȻûһȫ

Ķ⻹ô
ѧɲɵ׼ŰģҪŰġǷ༶ѧ忹飬Ļˡ÷ڵףˡ
ѧԺ׳ˡ
෴ǣҹδѧˮƽѧԺܿʹ۹Ű׻۹ȥ
ҹδ뷴
ѾżˣѧԺð
һա
ҹδӵµϺгӡһͷΪﵽ۷壬ʣµľǶ֯Ӱ죬峹ױɵ塣
ҲŵµϺİܹܿﵽԲ
ӷڳ㿴Ժｻĸӣ֣
׼𣿡
ʦ׼ˡĸҹδǰ˵
Ϊʦ
ǣʦ
ڵңҹδϥĸΧķ
ʼɣ
ҹδ뿪ʼԼܱ䣬֮ĵҹδΧ۶ҹδ뱣һ֣ŨĻһһ߹עԼĸӵ״
ʵصעֻӣҫףΪͻƵػΣյġڴӷƣ㣬ˮɵ飬ûаա׳ҲֻûʲôΣգҹδ۲ֻҪϵ˽ϵܷԼ֮С
һ졣
졣
졣
۾˵һͷ˳ҹδϸۿķȻصͷ
ɣܲ
ллʦƹʩ
ҹδȡһݸ˷ƣ涼ǼŷĴУȥԱߵķԼо׵ҡ
ǣ
ƹؽӹ˴Ȼ뿪ȥԱߵķ䣬ʼоںڵķС
ֹȥ죬ҫȺѣ˶뵽˵ظĲ㡣ҹδ̿ʼϲȫָ
֮󣬻ָٴδظ
չȥ׳ˣͻ˻ԪĵءҹδָһЩҩҺȥһԼ
ֹһգҫȺѣȻڵϢ֮һνظ
˵˼ڽҫ׶ͻƵ˵ػʮء
ѧո죬۹Ͱ׻۹ˡҲǴ£Ƿ˾ֲͻγһС͵սۡϹΪֻһСսۣ۹˵һЩ֮⣬۹ѧǰϹΪһ
һ㣬׻۹Ҳʱ˷Ӧ׻۹İ׻ѧԺҲǰϹءͼ۹ѧԺƴҲ۹ʵڼģϾСսķΧͬʱҲܹȳһʤ
ҹδЩˣΪ뿪ѧԺͲܹҺˡ뵽ȥ׻۹ıԵҲܹԼĸأ
ԣڴǰˣĸӣʮ˸ѧ
Ϲء
ҹδѾ˼ˣȪԴӣѧԺʦֻ⼸ûʲô¶Ҳûбսƺ˫߲ʲôҹδҲֻڵȴҹδ벻ҫսظǳһʱ䡣
һա
һڣȪнеʦһ𣬹һԸ߲
ҵϣս˫ѧԺϡ
Ϲ֮⣬һɽɽｫΪս˫ѧԺһ¡ʿ룬ֻ˫ѧԺʦ
һ޵ս֮սͽʤӮʧһսȻ˫ѧԺҲþ޴档رǻʤ
ûʲô˲ǲμս
ܲܰ״򰡣涼õ۹ѧԺȥˡЩʦ׸ɣѧҲ׸ɡԣЩʦ㿪ʼҺҪˡ
߲Ҳױ۹ѧԺʦ棬һּۻ۱㿪ʼˡҹδһֱûпڣЩʦҪ棬ϡȱԴرǸϺ֮ҪǷʱĹСǳڷǱߣֱӲ֮⣬ߣƵġ
ǱǲӣɻҲôҹδ뷭һСɲͬѾʮϵͳĴУΪҹδ۶ҹδȨҲǿԷܵĴУȵͻܹܵҪǰġԣ۵ò࣬ȪпΨһһһֱ˵ҹδ
ҹʦûʲô˵𣿡


744 ʼ
УҪӵзֱԪĴС
ȪпҲ׼ƺ͸߲㶼ˣڵⲻܣҲûѧԺʦǿԽһηѧԺеġ˵۶ԷѧԺܵΪĴСǲμսֻ֮ҪŻͿԽһΣҲ˵ԿΧĴУѧԺʤôٽԽһΣͿԿεĴС
һֱЧֻҪ㻹ѧԺʦҲ˵ͻƵܵЧǸʱͿԷĵԪĴС
ȻֻԲμսʦûвμӵʦڽΧ֮ڡ
ҹδЩΣҪⷽĻԪУԼΪͱֳԼ죬˵⻹ҪⳡսʤҪԼﵽܹĻԪĴС
ɣȿԪµĴУҲкܶĺô
ҹδͷˡ˴УûҪ󡣵ȻʦõĽҲֵ
Ժսʲôʱʼʲôƻʦʵ
Ȫеͷϸ˵˵ȣ˫ɳԪʿ˫˫ѧԺʿ롣
ѵûлģ
ܣǿԼС˵ʵѧԺڰ׻ѧԺʦԵ˽⣬׻ѧԺҲˡԣҪʦһ֣̫Сˣܡ
սߵҲЩʦսȻɵԪ죬ҲζĵԪʿǲܲμӵġμӵʦΪߵľǻ
˵ͷʦ棬Ҫȥʵ̫ѣ۹鱨÷ǳá
ѧѧΪߵľ۶ϵһǧѧ׻ѧԺϸϡ׻ѧԺİ׻ϵһǧѧҲϡ
˫һǧ˸١ܹٵҲǧ⡣ǧѧ٣ʵܹͻĶȥһ̫ͻضɡ
ҵ۹е۹ѧԺҲѧԺս˫٣ֳһʤǰ׻ѧԺǿѧԺǿ
ҹδǳ鴤һ£ѧԺͻԼһˡԼ磬ڰ׻۹ҲӦһЩᱻɡ
Ȫмûʣ˵սķʽܽ𵤣˫ͬһͬһ̽뵽ɽǴ룬ǴӶ룬˫ͦȻս
˫µʱ䣬½˫һͻʤ
˵ͷʾԼס
սƻνָӰʦʦָӰ
ҹδ֪ѧԺһָӰָ࣬ӰҲǸȷʵѧϰָս̸ҲǺҹδڣҶûʲô
Ȫֵÿ༶Ϊһλɸðʦ𡣡
֮ûҹδЩʦʲô¶ˣսſʼǸָӰƶսƻġ
ҹδصԼס˼ܽе鶼ָӰ࣬Լûмƻ룬ȥȪУҪԼĸӵԼİ༶ĸҹδ״ӣûʲô⣬Ȫкʹؽĸ˵˹ĸ˸߲ҵظҹδصפء
ҹδ뿪ʼѵˣܹʮˡ׼̸Щһսܹ󻯵ǿս
ִڣźܶս󡣶Ϊսġʮͽʿսǿնɱ߽ʿġ
ҹδ뿼ǵЩûнӴսҪһ򵥣ֲ̫˼Ƭ̣׼̸
ֱֻ仯ַֽ
ҹδ뽫ӼԼסԺ棬ǲһ󷨣⣬ȻԺﴫ
ɶ٣Ҳ̫ѣȴܹǿҹδ봫죬ϵѵǡÿҹδ붼ṥǣǷ߷
֮
ǰٿ˻飬֪ȼоɽٽһأڿƣҪͰ׻ѧԺһ¡
ƻʱҹδֱ
⻹ǡѧԺɰ
ǣȴû뵽ѧԺ߽ԼļƻֱӴ˰׻ѧԺǱߡ
Ȼ󡭡׻ѧԺǱҲͬˡ
ĺѧԺɣҺܲɣһȺ̸ֽļһżû˿սĲҪ˫ʮ˵Ĵս
ҹδܹ˵ʲô
Ҳ˵Ҳ˵ԼžͺãԼʲôΣգԱӦû⡣
ԼĸӺʮ˸ѧý̸ǵĶ̸ˣʣµľǶǵĥˡ
˾ˣһضͻơ


745 
Ҷʿٶȷǳ졣ڶ͵ɽȻ˫ͬһʱ̽ɽʼؽ
ָӰ໹ǲģ֪ɳ
Ȼڵʮ죬˫ĳ򼸺ͬʱأ˫ȴûн֣ǺʿػӪأԼ˫֮󣬰ڿƣǸʱһս
ֹ죬˫˫ָӰʦӪǰԼ˴Ϣ졣һʤ
⿴һϷҹδȴ֪ⲻϷһսǲҵĿʼ
˫ָӡ
ȻûϷ֮ģٶҹδ뿴̸ֽϷϷһʼɲҵĽ˫Щûоսܹܵ
ǵ
ҹδֹģսսʮֲңʱʱ̶̿ˣѪɡٿΧЩеˡ
Լĸӣ˺ܶսҲûо˹ģս档
Ըܹܵסɣ
ȻԼѧκΣգһҪ֤Լת󶼵ֵΣգǸ˾͸ֵˡ
ҹδδй࣬ʮ˱࣬ǵȵʼָӰฺҲʮࡣ˵ָӰָӵû治
ǰҾо
̿˴һۿȥųĸоֻҹδɱ
˵Ҳɱǵɱܻ۳һ塣
ҹδվڶУĿŶԷȥǱ㳶˳ԷҲˡһδϹսȥ˫վúܺãһѹС
ѹΪ࣬ɵһӾ
־̬Ĳһɶ̬
ȲҵɱʼЩûо˻ɱۣûʲôУ±Լ˲Ķкܶ࣬Ȼɱп־壬ɢӡĹУֻᷢ
ҹδзԼֻܹ¶Լ۶Ϊ磬ǰܱ¶Ѿܹ֪ڸ߿УŴʿĿԼĵǿʹá
ˡ
ˣȻչǰʼǰƶǰҲʼƽ˹ҹδؿš
ɱ
˫ͬʱʼɱ˲ײһֻһײѪͿʼɡɲǷսսٶȸֻǲʮϢʱ䣬ؾͱȾ죬еĿ˵ɫ
ƬƬ˵¡
ҽײĺ
߿С
ƮŰ˸Ԫʿĸ۹ĸ԰׻۹ʱ˫Ԫڴܡ
ֱһȺѧ۹սⲻЦ𣿡
ô˵Ҳǵ۹ˣȻҪΪ۹Ч
ǻûгɳڻ۹δǶӡ
ԷҲӣ˵һֳɳܹضΪ۹мδĶ
ҪһЩЩûʲôѧԺ̫ˣҰݵ̫ˡӦĥһˡҽ飬ԺѧԺѧӦõ
ֻǸտʼսȻѾɱۣȴûɥʧǣ÷Ϊ֪ǻҾоͺ
ҹδĿжЩָӰʦЩܹסûѰҶԷ
˫ûж·һ㣬ڹۿǰɱջǱһȶƻˡȶǰ׻ѧԺǵͬһ֧һ㣬սȻߵҾҲӭ˶ԷͬʱҲսİ׻ѧԺһҾҲˣӭѧԺ
ս˲òҹδվڣָ
ҹδ侲侲ȾѧȻͬģܹܵҹδָӡ
ҹδûмԷΪݻᣬŻὫתɹ¶˳˵
սܲңҲңû·û侲ˣⷴήʿʵҹδսߣΪ֮أʮͬһˣɱһ׻ѧԺʿҹδ侲ʮѧҲ侲
ʵϣֻʮϢʱ䣬ĸӾ侲Ͼĸ˸꣬μ˶ս޳ȻĸӵĴ£ʣµʮ˸ѧҲ侲֮ǰµҲǶҹδΡһ侲սͻָˣһƬ֮У侲ˣļʾʹ


746 
һҹδ뻹۲սɫˣΪѧԺ߿ʼűơָܹӰȻҲܹʦҵ
ձ
ձ״ձ׻ѧԺųͬˮһ㣬Ǹʱء
úڻձ
ס𣿱˵׻ѧԺǱˣᱻܾġ
˵ô죿
ƴˣоͺһѹϣоֻҪоһֱǰ棬ѧԺͲֻҪǾлᡣ
оͺʼˣһҲˡ

ҹδ̾Ϣһ֪ⳡս˿ʼ˻ң˶뵽սУû侲رһȺ±ӡʱ򣬱иֺȶʹˡοЩִʱҲսֻǵսѾڿУܵʿսܵʿµʿڵ档˫ĬڲҵսУҲܵؼء
ҹδ̧ͷ˿Щܵϵʿʱǳ侲ΪܵϵʿϾ٣ʱսڿͺսûʲôˣϤķʽǶܿ侲Ҳֻ֪лܶԷܹı·ս֡ǵļǳҡ
·ĵϣһƬɱʮ˵ɱնʧȥǣɱۡпһжѪġ
ҹδ벻ϵ´ָתеָûбҪ´ΪԼѧͣԼܹ侲ʮսϣһЩ̫ʧԼˡ
ҹδľ飬оʧصľٵؿ쭣
սԵͻ
ʦΪʲô
ص£ҹδһѧһ۹ĶСоž˺͵۹оʦҪӱܽܣмΪݣҲܽܡСܵѬգûܹı䡣
ҹδ뿴һۣѵõظҲǸ˽ͣʧأʧ˵ʧأʧԼٹһǵǻΪ÷ǻῴѣֻ֪ɱ¾ǸʱǻᷢԼˣǵͬѧǵʦǷ
ô죿
ɫһ㣬ĿΧȥбһ˿־塣ǿΧЩѾʼ˷֮ɫ۾Ѿʼ졣ص²ѿڶ
ХӪ
ҹδȻ׼ȷǲɡͲýЩûϹսˣһһսľӣϱ±Ƕ±ʧص״ɱҵָӣս
ʦûа취𣿡صµֳ̡
ûа취̫ˡܹ֤Ǽʮ˱ѾܲסһХӪǼʮ˱һȺʧصм䣬ǸʱѶǽˡߡ
ȻͬʱжҹδҲӸм֪ҹδһֱǣҲΧʦͬѧһһ˵Ȥûˡҹδָ£ʼһȥ
ǱϾţҹδָӣٵսıԵʮ˵ս̫ˣѾʼԼͬѧʦĹѾʼЩʧˡȻʧصľ滹΢СǶ֪֮һܿͻԭ
ʱǵҲ˿־塣һ˶ôǾͻΪ˵ĵˣʮ˱˹һ룬Ҳ֪ȥ
ҹδҲʼˡ֮ǰٶȣѰĵطսıԵ壬ڿˡ

ҹδ뿪ʼֱսıԵֱ壬·ѧԺˣ㾡ײ

ҹδ뷢ֻǷˣϵطĸӺʮ˸ѧϴŲ̣ȴǿĽתͬһ޴ĳ֣пһ·

սʧڿʼӾˣʱҹδѾսģȻûеսıԵܵѹҪСܶࡣ
ĸӺʮ˸ѧɫˣַҲǵ飬ǵҲʼʧصơ
ƶķҹδȵ
ƼæڵķһķһѧڣЩѧ˲˹оµĿ־壬ǿ֪ŵԼʲô״̬
ҲǶǵһĥ¡սδ裬ϸƿ


747 ͣ
̽ͬʱҲӲĳΪʱΧѾѧԺʦˡҹδĻɱѧԺѧΪԺɱһЩһ£ȵսˣǸʱҪսɱԼͬѧʦ
ڼӿٶȣֱսѧԺʦҲ·ֱɱȥȻɱԼͬѧҹδԣȫ֮ûսɱøࡣ
ڣھ泹ʧ֮ǰɱսҹδҲûԼİ༶սᱻӱֻսΧεɱԵİ׻ѧԺʦ
˵ʮ˸ѧˣҹδĸӣʱֶЩˡ
ǿʲô
˵
ʱս˶ˣǸֵң˾ɱƫƫΧˣǱ㲻ͣɱɱɱ
ѪȾأսŷ
ڸ߿֮С
˸ɫʮѿ
Щ˶۹δЩ˵һ˳Ϊ۹δĶȴɱһ࣬ؾͬһ޴Ľÿʱÿ̶ڽɱһһ۹ľӢ
ǲֹֻܹšǴº޲ɱЩָӰʦЩָӰʦҲˣҹնûܹϾָӷ棬Щ˵ΪʵҪһЩ
еЩܵϵʦҲ⣬ǲضͣ·һò԰ס
ˣ£
ֱҪѧԺϲ㣬˵۹δ
𣡡ʦڿ񺰡
˫󷽻һЩˣǾǸ޹ĺġʱǶɵˣɫ԰ף£Ѿ̱ڵϡȻûսȴսԶսϵĲ״ͷǵ顣
дıȣǱֱǵ飬ǶȻһŵ࣬;ˤ˼ӡ

ǲͨĽ࣬ǷŰĵЧϵ𣬵޷սķ
ಡ
еܵϵʦˣԼӪ£һʿѧһߣԼ

Ϊע࣬ս˫Ļֱ࣬ÿʦ顣
սϵķѸٵؼȻžֻдصĺ
Ż
ŻǼ˵Ż£սƮŨѪζŻµζ
ҹδƽվĸɫҲףֻǻܹסʮ˸ѧҲʼŻ
ӣ˫ʼɨսԼһʬ塣ûɱͷ˫˴˻һҲĬĬʬ塣
ȻعԼĴӪ˫ĬȴŸ߲
ͳƽѾˣ˫Լˣˡ
һʱս㼸һˡ
˫ʦмƮǷϺͿ־壬һս˵̫ˡ
ӪһǣҹδԼĸӺʮѧҲĬشҹδΪʦԾסһ񣬶ѧĸһ
ʱĸҹδҹδڼĸӵΪ磬ĸӴʱѾȫƽϾʦһ·ʶ档ʦţЩ˲û뵽֮ǰַ֮Сָĺܿ죬ʵڵϾͻָƽľϵõԾʽ
ҹδ⣺ƶڵĻѾʮʵˣľʯԿʼ׼ͻƷˡ
ɫһϲҹδڰֵҪֻ˵Կʼ׼ͻƷ𣬵ҪͻƷȴǼѡҪͻƷҪѣ˵ųɾŵķʿǾ콾ҲҪܶꡣܶǼʮ꣬߼ġ
ʦǿ԰㣬ʱ䣬̶ܹ٣ȴʦ˵㣬Լ
ʦʱ򣬿Ũϣżĺôֻøȴζܹ򡣾ǰ͹㲩Ҳ޷
ô˵𣿡
סɫҵĲβҵǰҲ
ܺãӦ𣿡
з
ܺãԼĵ·ǾȥɡøĴѾˡзԺĴҲҪȥоķѧʶﵽһ̶ȣȻ̶ܹǸʱ򣬲ʦ߼ʱԺͲʦˣʡʱȥзʲôĵطҡ
ǣʦ


748 
ҫ׶
ʦ
սۣľõҫҪǿһЩܹﵽػʮ㣬׶Ӧܹﵽػʮ㡣ս۽صѧԺǾͿͻˡ
ǣʦ
׳
ʦ
ĵ·Ƚϼ򵥣Ժʦͺá
ǣʦ
ʦƿڵսۻϽ𣿡
ᣡҹδҡͷȻµʱ䣬˫һֻ֡ǽսʿķʽִģս
ҹ
е˶ʿϰߣÿ峿ͻƻʱ֣ҹ֮ʱʿ֮ʱ
ҹδϥڣΧֻзԼڣоַС
ڣʮ˸ѧҲҹδ˵ԼڣͬʱҲŨʮѧڣӿǵٶȡ
һȥƳڷо֮СҫײԼΪǲϵԼ;ʵԽԽ׳ڵϵ£ԽԽǿŵĲƽ
ʮ˸ʿҲԪʿڲϵغʵ磬ΪҹδǣȵսصѧԺǿ轨ϸҪľǲϵغʵԼľ磬ԽʵɹԽ󡣶ʿҲڲ̶ͬȵ
ʮ˸ѧѾûģĶˡ
ڰ죬ˡȻҹδ˵һΪ㣬Ը԰༶Ϊλģ԰༶ΪλԸ⼸СӵģԼСӣɽΪսʼ˴˵ɱ¾
ܶ༶ɢˣɼˣʮһСӣΪ٣ĿСҲʹ󡣵ҹδѧԸɢ԰༶Ϊλ
ҹδͬˣʮ˸ĸСӣԼĸΪСӳȻǹϵ뿪Ӫأ뿪أʧɽ֮С
ʦһɽУҹδ뼸ʮƿڵ׼ս𣿡
ȻǡҹδҡͷսǱսʲô
̧ͷһ۸߿գѧȴܹؿοдʿڸ߿йۿҪǵгΪų𣿡
ѧһݣǵȻ룬һЩʿųӡǵδѾע
ʦô죿
ҹδûӳ߿еԪʿǻ֪ľԣͨİ취
ƶ׶ҫ׳ĸһȥ̽飬ҪϸϣȷǵļƻסҪ¶Լ
ǣ
ĸȥ
ʦأ
ѣֻǴͨѨϡÿͨһѨϣǵʵҸѧһʮ죬붼Ҵﵽ硣
ǣʦ
һѧʼҹδҲɿٶȣͬʱŨЩѧΧ
һʱĸ½ĸ򶼷˰׻ѧԺѧеÿкüСӣ٣ֻжֻһСӡֻоŸˡ
ҹδ̱ѧˣǸӶȥ
ʦҷҲܹڰ
ҹδͷԷֻоŸʿֱֵçͿԡ
ԼӣҹδͿ˶Ÿ׻ѧԺʿǾŸ׻ѧԺʿҲҹδߣ϶ǴһΪȻżʮˣҲ룬ͷܡ
һܣҹδ˲䶼ǵΪ
ŸûʦѧҶһµģǺԼ༶һڰ׻ѧԺеĵͼ༶ҹδĸӵ
סǣҪ˺ǡ
ǣ
ĸ׷˹ȥĸӵΪʵֻɲǼ׷ǾŸѧȻǾŸ׻ѧԺѧҲҪǷĸ˵Ķ֣
Һܿҹδʮѧ㽫ǰΧм䡣
䡭
ʮ˸ѧͱҹδսսҪӢʽĵҪٶնɱˣʮ˸ѧûе˼ȺŹʮ˸ԾŸûзֻһͽеİ˸նɱеһȴǱҹδ뱣Ȼӳ˼죬һ󷨣㽫Ǹ׻ѧԺѧС
ĸӺʮ˸ѧ̾䣬ǶΪҹδѶҹδȷʵѶȴѶս顣


749 ɱ
㣬ڰ׻۹˵߿һ߳׵ľˣ
ѧɫһҹδоһϲģӦÿ˵ѹǸѧѹ˹ȥǸѧʲô˵ʲô
ǣǸ˽۰ԡ
ҹδɫһϲϸ˵˵
֪Ĳֻ֪࣬ڻʹ
ʹ
ǣѧͷǻʹһͳ졣
ҹδ˴Լӣʵ֪Ҳ࣬Ȼһ󷨡Ȼĸٴγȥ̽飬ϥڵϣüͷ˼
Ȼĸǰ׻۹һͳ죬ûԼϢΪʲôûԼ
߸Լ͸ţ
ֿܡ
һû뵽ԼΪڳֵҹδ벻áһֿܱĸ粢ûɡ
Լ취ȥ׻۹Լڵȥ׻۹϶Ϣ
Ҫúüƻһ¡
ҲżȻ׻۹Ļʵĸ絣һͳ죬˵ĸûΣգʱûΣաӦǶĸɣҲԲ뵽ĸһ硣
ĸܹһͳ죬֤ĸûΪǸΪӦǰ׻۹Ļʵ˰֮ģ˵ڻĸ۹ԲŰĸڵ۶ֻҪĸû𺦰׻۹飬׻۹Ӧòĸ֡
ô˵ĸ֪ԼˣҲûа취ԼϵĸԼϵԼҲóȻϵĸ硣
ܻ뵽취ġ
ĸӻˣ鵽һСӣС٣ֻˣȴϸϵʿҹδԼѧǸӭ˹ȥ
˫һ棬ԼĸӾ͸ӭһˣʮ˸ѧǽһʿΧǸ˻ʿҵĽ
ʮ˸ˣҲǼˣ£Ǹ˻ʿҲɱΧζķʽ½ɱʮ˸ѧʮ˸ѧһʼʮ㱻Ϊһ壬Ǹ˻ʿȻһʼ·磬Ͼû˻ֵأǰӵʱ䣬ͱʮ˸ѧɱˡȻǿٵʬҹδѾǶ˹أ˭ɱˣĲ͹˭
ԼĸѾɱԼĶ֣Եõ˶ϵĴʮ˸ѧȴֻõһǽҹδ룬ΪǻǷҹδʯҹδЦŽӹ
ûһս֮ҲǷʯˣ˵ܹջ񡣡
һĦȭ
˻ҲⲻͰɱˣ˻ҸʦǾȥɱ˻òã
ҹδЦûôͷǾʲôˣɱʲôˡ
ҹδԼѧʼɽԣʵҹδڣǲΣաǵõĸ̽Ϣҹδڸ·ʱҲὫԼľѹ۶ͷųȥһܵϵʿԼѧԶ롣˹ȥ˶ʮ죬ѧѾȫˡսܸǿ
һա
õһʮ˵Ķ飬Ȼ˻ϣҹδ뻹ǴԼѧǰԼĸӵʵһ˶Ը⡣ʣµĽʮ˸ѧǵҹδľ֣Ȼ֪Ϊʲôԭ򣬶ԷĶͻȻһ̱ܵԶߡǸܵҲľʮ˻ʿ׷˹
һ׷һӣҹδͿʮΪ
һܵһ۶һ컨ػ˻ϸ
Ϊ˵ԼĵӺѧ֮ʵ˦ˣʲô㣿
ƵʦǸܵҡ
Ҳã£Ҳһ
׳ʦǸ۶Ľҡ
ҹδͷڵʵѾ൱컨ϵ⣬ϵʷǷУȥܲܰǸ۶򱬡
ʦ컨ҡҫ
ҹδͷԼӣѧԺսΪҲ컨û⡣
ʦ׼ֶˣЩˣػҡ
Ȼʮ˸ѧǰʣµİ˸ȦʮϢʱ䣬Ҿͻɵػʱһٸɵ˻ϸǡ
ãʮ˸ѧ˷ܵӦǲԼΣգԼʦûء
˷ٶȣ׷ܿ׷ƵȻתŶԷɱ˹ȥתͬʱͿʼƵشڵķܼĵǸܵʿ˹ȥ


750 ͻ
ڣ
ǸܵʿһЩԼȦסǵȷʵǿػһŴӵģʣµĶʼרĶԸƣֻҪɱڡ˶⡣
ֻǸʦһֻҪҿնɱڣһж⡣
Ȼ󡭡
Ϳҹδ뾹ȻվһߣûҪ˼
ţ
սȥһ
һʹһԴӵʿǸ۶öҽֻܹõԶ׳ս˫ȻƾСǸʹǹģȻʼѹǸ컨ǸʹģȻһ˽ػȦ档ռ˾ԵϷ磬رʮ˸Ȼһս󣬽˻ϸ棬Ȼ·磬Ȼڼ֡
ⶼЩʲôˣ
͡
𶯣¶ֻһþḻķưյ˻ᣬһиǸܵʿͷ­ͱи
̽·ƹĶ֣󺰵ʦ֣㲻
Ҳߡ׳ҫҲ
ʦ֣ǻܶʮѧҲ˺ƱЦЦʬ֮ҹδԣѧʦֹۿ
Щ׻ѧԺˡ۶컨ʿӣǶҹδ֡ƱͷŵҪӵ˵˻Ȼҫ׳׷򡣶еİ˸ʿؿʼʮ˸ѧʼˣҧ֡
䡭
ڵھϢնɱػתͷ˻
ѿһӣ˻˳ӭǵȴĽ⣬ֻǼغϣ˻ͱնɱȻҲʬ֮ҹδߣֹۿ
ҹδѾעǸ۶컨ˡŷƵտ˱Ǹҫ׳ĥʯעԼʮ˸ѧȻʮ˸ѧǶϸЩѡ⻹û󣬿ˡ
ȴǸʮ˸ѧĥ»ᣬҹδ뱾ܲ־ͲֵͷԱ߿š
ϸʼĻˣϾԼѾˣһţȴʮ˸ѧյ˻ᡣʮ˸ѧսѾܷḻˡһ߻ᣬնɱһϸ
ҫɱ˶֣ϸˣֱɱһȵ׳˶֣ɱһΪֹҹδˡֻʣϸʮ˸ѧȫܹɱֻʱ⡣
ҹδĸӽеǰʼǽս֮ʱֵȱ㡣Լʱս
ҹδսƷȻЦǺǵĶʮѧϲǣѾǷʯˡڿʼٵõԴǵġ
ʮ˸ѧʼҹδҲֺǺǵؿǡЩѧչ¡ڼҵսгɳĺܿ졣һ£ͶﵽԪ磬Գͻϸˡ
ӣҹδѧλ͵Ϯϵɱ׻ѧԺʦÿѧĸҲɿĽҹδΪҲھرƽԲ
ԼΪ磬ǰԤе˵ΪΣΪߵģ͹ϴѧǰ뿪ܹһսģնɱÿͨʬøС
ַʽһɽڳˣð׻ѧԺʦ֮ǣĴѰǡ
һա
ҹδѧɱһ׻ѧԺСӣȻ䣬ն˶̧ͣͷ˿Уڿеİ˸ԪҲ̧ͷУһŵ
ǣ
һֲûмǣ໥ƿ͵˾룬̧ͷ˿УΪǷǿٶȼ죬ƺ׹ķɽ
Ϳֲˣһǵͷϣ˵Щѧˣǰ˸ԪܲסˣҶĿǸǣʱ׼ܡ
ȻǣǲܵġÿһǶԴܹĿʯκһ˵һԵ
䡭
ǸѾײ˴㣬ҵĦܼ֮ԽԵԽҹδʱоѹ֣ͣͣĸӺʮѧϣˣѾëѪ
䡭
ǵжԵ֧Сӵʦһ̣һ忪ʼըǱռ֮ѹǿǵ׹侹ȻѹⷽԲĿռ䡣
ⲻͨǡдֲ
ã
ԼѧҲҪԱˣ̼˷ĸӺʮѧս˷֮ڣٽսʶȻ۾Ѿɽһ󣬼ǡ


751 ͷ­
䡭
ǿҽ˴أ˲ùݺᣬˣܼٷ´ؾ𶯣ҹδ붼վȣҿռγһռ䲨ˡܼչ
ಡ
ҹδ뼱ԶӣлŵʿʱԶӣǽģӵģռγɵĲ˸飬ۿɼĿռ䲨ˣͬ͸һӣ֮һжΪ촷ۡʿǲǰôֽ
ͣˣǴص𶯣ǿռĲͣˡ
㾲
ѵ˶£Īľϲ
Ե
ಡ
һ׹֮طӶȥ׹֮ؾɽ
ʱɽѾͬһ㣬ɽ顣乵֣Ӹĵľ
𡭡

ɽе޺޼ĺȻ¡¡ش˷׹֮رڶȥ
ڷӵҹδɫһ䣬ٶȶΪ֮һΪᵽһ־ΥϢ

ޣϢ֮ҼΪ
壿
粻û
ѵǸǴ
˵ǲһǣһ壿
ܹ֪ⷽʿûм壬ȻҲͷֲ޵ʲôûʶΣգǱ߼ٵطӡҹδֻͣƬ̣ǱٴηӶȥֻСĽ࣬ٶҲǺܿ졣Ѿɵ˿УĿ£ʿ͸ޣޣ˷һ޴ĸոɵطȥ
ǸرǱǸǸҳģʱص룬һ޴Сɽһͷڵ»һ룬Ǹ¶ֻǵرϵһ룬ϵµһ룬˵ӦһԲ״
˴Ԫ֮ϣϸؿ̽óǿϴǼΪӲȻ飬
䡭
ʿ޺ޱӿɷ˹ǹ˼֮ǷЩ޺޸ͲսֻǸǱȥʿȴɲòսϾѧ࣬źܶһµѧЩѧǲܷɵġЩ޺ޣͬһ㣬ǵ壬Ƕײȥֱһ޴޳Ŀĵر
ʿʼӿ££Щͽʿսͬеһʯֵ޳Ĺ
ҹδҲ˳ûнڵѧųǺʦһս󣬱һЩͽʿЩ޺޵ĿĵزʿʿֻǶһ޳޺޴߿ٱڶ
˹ȥʱ֮䰲һʿٺ׷һƨڴϣ䤱ҹδҲϥڴϣʼָоǸǺأ뱣֤Լѵ״̬
һʱҹδվ鲽˿Уǿǵķһۣбһ
ʱǸǸģһȦһȦ޺ޡЩ޺޾ǳݣʲô
ҹδ΢΢˫Ŀ֪Щ޺ǿǡǿɢŨ
ʱǸ˸Ԫǿϣ޾Щ޺ޣòǿǣǶǸӸȤһô޺ǣԳݵƣԽǣǵȤ
ಡ
ʿӶܵҹδ뱣һ۶ʿٶȣҲǿǷȥ
ԽǿԽǾ衣
ΪøӵĴˣѾʼҪϮ塣ҹδϢתסЩȥ
һ£оΪ͵ԼĽŵҪԼ赲ҹδĿһϸۿȻһ
оôôһͷ­
ѵǸͷ­ն
˭նһͷ­
ҹδȻǲ֪ں嫵Ǻ֮УбĴ½Ϊ˵ͷ­һ㡣
ܹ֪ͷ­ǿҪ֪ڿǷ൱ڵԪоǿĶǾǵԪ֮ϣҲһԪ
һԪնͷ­
תͷȥ˴Ԫϥƺ֤ʲôʣµЩܵҲôǿǣҲϥҹδϥ£ǿͷ­ǳȥ
ȥ
ҹδ۾Ŀǰ˴ԪҲüͷҲȥŬ


752 Ԫ
ҹδ룬Ȼ뵽ԼΪ˸ıԼʣ۳һ롣㽫۳룬·ͷ­ȥ
ˣ
ҹδһϲǾ֮µǡ
䡭
ҹδоԼľ֮Ҫƺ˻棬Ѹٵعעžþ֮üӲǻɢܿٵ߽ľò϶ٵعעž֪ŲĻ档
һ޾ǿգʿɱֻǻɢҹδоԼϢһ㣬ģΪܹչֳҪӦ
Ӧʱκ˶ӦԽ̵Ϊ˽ϵ磬ҲԸչֹϵܡ֪ǲĺϵֻǰ벽ϵ
ǣˣʿչ¶ҪԶӦɣ˲ǺϵǺϵ֮ϡ
ϵ֮ϻо磿
䡭
һʿնԴǸʿȻʧԴȴܹսֻǲΣǻΪһʱѾʿˣֻзĻ棬ҹδ뿴öЩΡ֪Ǳնͷ­߿Χ¡
ȻͿǸͷ­Ȼײһռϣ뵽һ磬ȻײһϣǸгײϣͣؽһ硣ҹδһ֡
±Ǹ׷ɱڲͣشһ
û뵽ô࣬ôһѾʮ˸ˡֻһնͷ­ܹ磬⾿ʲô磿
䡭
ǿͷ­ײ˵ʮŸ磬ҹδڵһ磬浽˺ڰƺͷ­ˡ
ҹδԲţ²Ӧͷ­Ԫ취ա
ǸʿûˣģֻҪԪڣοһͷ­Ҳǧܹա
ٿ
ҹδͷ­ڹעžҪ̽һС
һӣӣӡ
ˡ
ҹδ붸Ȼͬһһ㣬ٻŸΪٵĶ˳ľʶ
ҹδǼΪϵˣ˲ͱ˾ϿֶԴȻѸٴţǸոս뵽ʶûüҹδʶ㱻ս˷Ĳ㣬۵һرš
˻
ҹδϾȻˮĺˮӺë˳ͬϪˮһ㣬˲亹͸
ҹδҲطԶȥһ߷ӣһ߻ͷͷ­ƺûʲô
Ҳ֪ǸںǴͷ­ڳߡýԼʶһƶܹԼ
ҹδȻ
Ǹͷ­ԶԶȻϥӷ
ţ
һ顣
ͷֻȣβ͡ڴԼķҹδȴһ
ܹǸһ˿ԪΪԼ龫̫죬Ԫֻһ˿Բôǿ룬ҹδоԼķӦܹסᱻԼķ
ҹδҲ𾪣ֻһ˿Ԫ񣬾ŽԪܡ֪ǸԪǶôĿֲ
ҹδһ֮ˣûгȥһ˿Ԫ죬ȥ̽ܵͷ̵ڵķһ˿Ԫʼ
䡭
ǸԪ䲻һ£֮ȴΣңȶ㵴ϣӭ˷ĺ棬Լ档
ҹδҲżֳһƾƿطͣضǸԪȻ۾ٴԶԶǸͷ­
һ죬죬졭
ҹδԶԶعۿͬʱͣغǷڵһ˿Ԫ죬ȴûƿһ˿Ԫķ
ĺǿ
죬ǰ˸Ԫ뿪Ǹͷ­ҽеʿ룬ͷ­ʮԶҹδ֪ΪʲôôΪǸͷ­治ϵӳʿˣữǰ˸Ԫδܹ뵽һ㣬ΪûʿǱϾǵԪӦǸ֪ΣաĿһȦȦͷ­Χ޺ޣ̾Ϣһ
һҪˡ
ಡ
ӶӰֻ֣Ǹոոо˱Ѿվǿͷ­Ͽա
£˾
ҹδ뿴ˣɢȵϢҹδ֪̾˶ǻԪʿһۣһа׻ۣ֣ܺһ۹Ļʵۡһǰ׻۹Ļʵۡ
ʵ۶ڿУ·Ǹǡ


753 ս
Ϣ֮˱㽫ͷ­̽ȥϢ֮ƺһ΢΢ζһ¡ҹδ֪һΪҪ˳žǵʶǱԼľ赲
ǻԪԼӦ졣Լ뵽ʶһƣ˿ûʶ
еɫһֻ֣ǿͷ­ץ˹ȥ۳ֻ֣ץסǵһ룬Ȼ˸ǴϷתԻĪܡ
˾ȻҪؽǸͷ­ֳ롣
䡭
ȻǸͷ­ɢһ֣Ǹּٵӣͬһ۵Ĵ룬ٵı
ã
ҹδ˲͸оǹֵܺɱͷԶӶȥ
ǹӵٶ̫ˡ
ӹЩ޺ޣЩ޺޾ͻΪ촷ۣӹߵʿЩʿͻΪ촷ۡ
䡭
ԪŹֹҲֻ΢赲һֵӣǱƵòŸ߿ȥ
ǹǧףͣȻ󻺻ɢҹδͣͷǸͬɽһͷ­о£罬ɣԼǹɡؿڣҡԼǸͷ­ϣþ̽ʱǸͷ­ûͷ֣Լˡ
룬նͷ­ƼΪأײҶԪҪŪͷ­Ǹͷ­ŭ
ҡҡͷҹδԼͷ­Զһ㣬Ȼܿͨͷ­оܹԻԪ֮ϵľ˽⣬Ҳ֪֮ԼԪûŪأȥŪԪ֮ϣ
Ļʵۻ취Լ
ҹδһԼֱҪһʱˣʵܷоɹ
ܹסͷ­
ҹδĿ˸ⳡսӦýˣٳȥˡҹδԼĸӺʮ˸ѧ˳ЩѧѾ˷ḻս飬֮󣬲ûǾȻҹδ롣
ҹδ뽫ŷ˵һ飬ȻսҪˣǸûȥˡ
ЩѧԶǸɽȥҹδûиǣһͷ­ֻ˵һǣǳΣյǣصɱ޺ʿԣȻ棬ȴǰ
Цҹδ붼ԶԶģǰ
Ȼʱ磬еԪ쳹ɽ˫ʿɽҹδ̹ϵشԼĵӺѧ룬ûжƬ̡
̫Σգ˵Ǹͷ­ԪҲǳΣաԼصΪԪעҲͰˣһע۲Լܿס
һߴԼѧ룬һа¶ʱڣоʲôԼΪ¶δؾûлӴͷ­Ǹʱ򣬹۹Ҳܹо취ʿоǿͷ­ǰΪԼ·
֮󣬻صѧԺȥʱʦʱȴֻʣ˸ոͷ˲ءԺݺȴŵԣμɽսʦĶԼĴСѧҪǮʦѡ
ҹδ۶ΪҲֻܹĶĴСҹδȻϿκ˲ĶЩУԼĴ໥ӡ֤߳ǳķ˵ʼչǳ
һ¹ȥҹδΪԲٵĴؿͻƻ
ͻƻžԵģѾ˺򣬱ϾǷ񣬾൱ڵԪֻǷ֮һЩġĶⷽĴУҪںĴУԼΪһЩˣͻƻҲ˳¡
µʱ䣬ѾѧԺڵܵпˡڽԼĴУ໥ӡ֤ҪȥĴУҪ¶ܵΪ
һʱ䣬¶۶ΪڣҲһʱˣǿͻˡ
һա
ҹδ뿪ѧԺٵǳȥѰͻƵĻԵоԼҪͻˡ
ɷǳǿȪ̸١ҹδһ뿪ѧԺʵϣȥɽȻǱ룬ԶԶǸͷ­
ֻܹԶۣΪǸͷ­ԲʮѾˣҹδ뻹ǴԶۿʦΧǸͷ­󡣹ƵȴɹͿǿͷ­ˡ֪۹Ǹͷ­Ҳͷˣ뿪ɽѧԺʱ¶ΪѾܵȥȪٵʱȪж¶֮ɫ
ҹʦ뵽ضͻƣȴû뵽ͻƵ˿١


754 ׼ͻ
ҹδ뺬ЦԺһһʿڷľԶ棬ԶܵûʲôƿУҲ󡣡
ҲǣȪеͷҲǽʱ;֮ǰ˷ϣһֱרΪ²ֹˡ
еʧɣҹδЦ
ȪҲЦѾܵԽ̴ˡҸ㻻һࡣ
ҹδҡͷˣҾͽ࣬⼸죬ЩѧӦö轨ϸˡҲǴˡ
Ȫֳ֮ɫҹʦò˵һʦ൱ǻ˹֮ΪȴͻͽЩѧǷûнкáңҲǷҵԺô꣬δɳ˿ѧ㹦ûϣܹٽ
һģҲϣҵѧܹδһͷ
Ȫи˵شЦ
һϢҹʦ˱ضˡ
ŶʲôϢ
ڿ˲ã֪ս𣿡
ҹδ룬뿪ѧԺ֮ǰ׳ҫ׾սֹȥ£
Ӧýǰ˰ɣ
ոս˵ڶپʮپʮߺͶپʮˣδһܡҪ֪ǰٵѧƶ컨ֻǵػ
ҹδһԼڶػ۷˰ɣ֪ҫմػٲ㣿׳ߵòͳ·ӣߵ·ӣڵʵѾǵػ൱컨
ûȥԼӡ
ҵĴأ
˵ƣȪпЦãǴѾǷԲʼսѧԺķˡҲ֪ѧԺܹǴӾȻһڣĥд裬ȻţҲĥܲˡڶչزˡ
Ǻǡҹδ벻ɸЦ
ֺȪ˼䣬ҹδǣȻصԼסȴĸӣʱƻʱ֣ĸӱסҹδˣһ˸߲ҵܹ
ݼʦʦͻܵˣ
ţҹδ뺬ЦͷٲͻƣǸ׷ˡ
ٺ١ĸЦ
ˣҽΪʦǵȡ
ĸʦ߽˷䣬վʦǰҹδǿ˷ƣȻָһ
㻹Ҫʱ䣬Ʋܹھĸַչ룬ڵľ纻ʵͱڵ״̬ڿͻƷ𡣲ҪʮꡣΪʦ˵˽⣬ûʮķڡ
ץץԴʦһۡҹδЦ㲻ÿǣ׳ᣬҫͺ׶ܿͻ컨ܿͻ۶һ֮ܵǰסҪʱ
õһߣҫ˹
˶ٲ㣿
ҫʮ߲㣬оȥˡ
ףʮ㣬Ҳȥˡ
ҹδͷֿһߣοˣΪʦΪʦͻ컨
ǣʦӴϲ
׳ҹδ׳֡
׳˹ʦ
ҹδ鲢׳Ϊķ򣬲ǺܾͨʶйͨһѶϢȻ
ҪͻƵĲ㣬ҪҷŸķӣһµĴҺ
ҹδ뿪ʼĶǸӣܹҪʮֲҩÿһֲҩҩԶܵʮֲҩⷽûСҹδ˼ţǿԼӵеĲҩҪ顣
׳ʦһµҩҺʦҪоһʱ䡣
ллʦ
ա
ҹδص˽ңԼʮѧ
첻ϿΣҪͿÿһˣǷԿʼͻơʲô⣬ҡ
ʮѧ˷ˣһǰôҲû뵽ԼһʱͿ轨ϸǸʱǱΪԭΪԼҪͻϸҪʱ䣬ȴû뵽̶̵һ꣬ͿʼͻˡЩӰ࣬ҲûôġûһͻϸǺܿȫһͻơ
ҹδ뿪ʼһͿѧҲһĽǵ⡣һ磬Ҳֻǿ˺ͽʮѧȻȥʼĶĴС
ҹ
ҹδķڣһԻ׳ҫϥҹδΧ
ҹδԼӣӿʼ衣
һ֮׺ҫȺͻ컨
ҹδ̣ԼǰԺϿΣֿʮѧȥĶСƻʱ򷵻סҫڱչأԼңʼԸ׳ҩҺ


755 ͻ
һξȥҫ׹컨أк׳ȥˣҲ˼ڷȥҹδԵҩҺżʮֿĲҩҪһһȥԣ˾죬Ǻ룬Ҫԡ
һ죬ҹδֱַΣڵõԼҩҺȻ㿪ʼƣ˻ƻʱ֣ĸٴεʱ򣬽ҩҺ͸׳뿪ҹδ뵽һ߻ҺϺڣһһ˼
ЩӣĶ˴ĻУϵӡ֤Լ֪ĴУȷԼҪִҩ
뵱ڵʱӦҲ֪ҹδ룬ҪͻƻҪִҩֱӦľˮԡΪӦôͻƻġ
ȻûдҩһЩҲǲͻƻֻӦǻΪǳܳҪִҩͻƣճΪѹͬʿǿʿӦߴڣҲִҩҹδߡ
ĴУҹδõ˽һܣܹԾִҩͻƻǲǿǸʱźܴĸʣոͻƻܹսԪԲһ¼ΪԲĻͻƵԪ
㻹ִҩֱǷ׹ⰵԡ
Ҫռһˣ۹ĵ۶ⷽдҩ۶;Իá
ţ
ҪȥѧԺǷдҩ
ա
ҹδ˰༶ЩѧѾ꣬ЩӣҲֱָ㣬ﵽԪԲЩѧҲ֪սʦĸ¿轨ϸԣҹδʱһʮּ
һֱܣû̸۴£ǶҪһͻϸЩǵˣʲô飿
֮ǰʦʲô飿
ҹδ˽ţĿɨʮ˸ѧһѧĿȵҹδ롣ҹδ뽫˫һ
ڶϣƽľľУ
䣬ҹδһϥϣʮ˸ѧʮ˸ѧҲ׷ϥԼϣ۾
һ֮˶ƽ̬ҹδ뽫ͽÿ˵ĶУ
ʼ
ÿһѧ̿ʼиԵĹͬʱҹδϣŽһۡÿһѧ
һʱʱʱ
ʼѧ忪裬󼸺ÿʮϢʱڣһѧ忪裬ͻƵԽԽҲԽԽҹδĵҲԽԽܼҶŨǡѧԺڵ߻ۡ
ʮѧʼϸ
ϸȻߣʮ˸ѧһϸǶʹˡѧԺʦܹоһɴӽңгȻ˳ķӶ
ǡݺ˽⡣
ǳɹˡһıݺתͷȥȪ˹
ʲôɹˣ
ҹʦͻ֮ܵҴ࣬ңѧѧܹ轨ϸԲصˡ
ݺ˫Ŀֹâ˽ڣȻ˫ĿеĹȥֳһ˿̾
ɹˡʮ˸ѧѾˣڽϸ
ĵҲǿ󰡣ȪеǸƾͲ˵ˣʮķ۷壬ҹʦĽ̵˵ھͳΪ𡣱ҫҲ컨ټǸȫ֮·׳ǰˡ
ݺͷҹδҲʮֿٰҲɣܵˡ
Ȫҡͷҹ۲仹治СӦаʮҡʮܵڵ۹ʷҲв٣ϡ档رǺļӱʦģΪͻˡǼӣ˵ʮ֮Ϊ׷ǵʦˡܹõ츳ĵӣΪʦҲһ޺ˡ
ô˵֮ܵܵܵǰסǸңһǵļӶﵽ۶Ҳ֡Ǵ۶ҪͻƵܵȴסһؿ
ǰȪеͷǶҹδ˵ܵͻƵĹؿĵʱáǼӻϣ׷ҹδΪġ
ݺ룬ܣҹδ뱻ܵԲĵͻƵܵһ㣬ʦͽһ󾳽磬ȻЦ
ǾͰɣʲôҪֻҪѧԺеģԸһʲôֻһܹѧȫɽĽҲ̵ѧϸĽ
ݺȪкһʦ˵˼䣬Ȼ뿪ˡ


756 ׼ҩ
պ
һѧϸɹҵĻȻҹδ˳ĿһɨûҵڷǰNɪNɪһȺʦɫӣ
ҹʦϲ
ʮ˸ѧҲӽڳ˳ĿɨȥҲҷȴûҵ֪˭һ
ҲǵʦǽϸǲӦȥ˼һ㱨һ°
ԣԣȥ˼һ㱨һ£Щѧͻˡ֪ǸӰΣ
ߣ
ߣ
ʮ˸ѧܵûӰˣΧЩѧҲȥˡЩΧҹδ빧صʦɿڵ
ҹʦ⡭
ҹδڰֵ˭ҪͷţǾͷŰɡ
ЩʦƲ죬ҿҪͷŰɣ
ҹʦԺغȥһˡ
ҹδͷ֪϶Ǻ£ǻ£˹ָǣҲҹδѾܵΪǡȻǾҹδոͻܵСӦòǣֻҪĸԾսʵʦ
ҹδܿȪеĶ棬ȪЦǺǵ
ҹʦɽһսѧԺֻ֮İ༶ʮ˸ѧһ٣ҶͻƵϸѧԺ׼㽱ֻһҪʲô
ҹδ۾һҲûпѧԺб׺ľз糲й߰𣿡
ȪвӣⶼͻƻĴҩ㣿
ܵ׼ЩǴҩѵõҴڿʼ׼ȵԲ֮ʱδܹ׼ȫ
˵Ҳǡ
Ȫ룬ԼҲǴܵͿʼ׼ЩҩбȻ
ѧԺִҩÿִҩмһǷ糲һǹҪĸԽһ
ҹδϲԺһҿԹһ𣿡
Ȼԣ۸ܹ󡣡
Ҫ٣
ȪһƣʮƷʯ
ʮƷʯûУҹδ뻹Сɨأ˴ʯôóʮʯһƷģЩ˳Ծͷ
취һЩȴչʯ򡣡
ȪеͷԴ˲⡣ҹδߴ½ӦȥżйٻԵ񡣶ɽӦҲʬ١
аɣҰ׼ãչʮھҡ
Ժ׻ľУ
׻ľѰ۶Ѱ¥һ飬ܹģǵ¥֮ڰǰ׻۹زҲ١۹ӦûУֻȥ׻۹
ľû˹򣿡
Ȫҡͷľʺʿͻƻãʿϡ٣ܹĸʷ޼ڵ۹ûСǱסʲôʱͳһˡˣ㹺ʼԣѵӵԣ
ǰͻƻ˵һĹؿЩҩԴ롣
ʵڲУһҲûʲôͻƻֻǽĵ·һΪˡЩȫġ
ǣлԺָ㣡
ҹδ뿪Ժңֱ۶Ѱ¥ȻĿǸľ滹עż룬һƷʯ
˻
¥֮
ҹδȥ˵۶ķУǵ۶¶췻УǺܶһʿۣԴá
ҩʯĵرȵȣǳӣҲǳȫҲʹҩûУʣµĶСЩʿ˷ÿ˴һЩһǼûȱĶֻҪʯ
ҹδ뻹ſûдҩʱ䣬Ű¶췻йһ飬ȴûпҩУҲǹ⿴ԼѧȥԵõ޵ڵимֵĲλвժĲҩɽʬõĶ˳ȥҲֻǵõǧһʯ
¶췻У򵥣һ鲼ڵϣԼҪĶͿˡҹδ׼ʼһطһ鲼Ȼóһһ㵹һѱЩѡƷ͵еļСһ֡
ҹδûȥЩ̳֣һӳ̫࣬Ҫ鷳ҹδ᲻ϵظıòͣ·ÿ컻һط̯Ҫϳס
ҲΪⷽˣϳΪⷽû塣Ҳ˴˦׼Ͼ׼۵ĶһЩͼ֮ҲƷʣϾֵߡЩҹδûã۳ȥҲָܸһЩط


757 
룬ֿ˿Լķ㣬ʱǸʶսڵһԪѾˣ˿ǰ뵽Ȼⷽû壬ӦҲҼǿҲԻǵ׷Ŀ꣬ӷȡһ˿ת
ģˣϢҲˡ
ϥѺһʱȥˣвȥٶҹδüͷ
ʲôʱܹϵȥ
ǵģ
׼еȥЩһöûСٿġ
ϵܹγһɽڿҪַʽȫȥͲʵ̯ȴһ߶һһȻִ򣬻ͷ֮һȥҹδ뿴ǸߵĶлȻЩʦϺǰ߶һ˵ǰһʦ
ҹδһЩˣԼĳɷ֣ЩʦǿԵģɼֲ϶ɣҲܹһһֱһܹ
ü˼ģӦǷµĲϣⷽûеĲϡ
ǿ϶
ЩԼԼǷģŹͬĲϣҲضŲͬĲϡЩϲ󣬵ⷽûаʦžԵˡǻȻ󷴸顣
ǲǾζţЩֵǮܹһüǮ
ôǸ߿ʵһѣҶˡ㻹УҲˡ
ҹδ룬ܹһƷʯΪˣ˼Ҳ򡣵ڲһˣɨһЩʮһƣʮƷʯ
ʨӴ󿪿ˣ֮ǰÿҲʮƷʯʮҲǧƷʯҪʮ򣬲෭˶ٱ
˭֪ǸȴǴһӣУҶҪˡ㻹𣿡
Уҹδ̵ͷѵһͻʱѾ˲ʲô鷳ˣΪԼ֮ǰĳ۷ʽвͨ
кܶ࣡
߿һҹδ룬֪࣬ҹδϵ΢΢һüͷϢ⣬ԼȻûм
ԣ
ҲûмӦú޵Ϣ񣬵ֱ޵Ϣ߼ࡣ
ô¶
ôϢ
ӵϢĻһʿ
ţƺЩһ˿ƵϢһͲˣֻһʦصǲϣЩδĲϣһʦԼδĲϣ̵ס
ʱһУֻǹҹδ뻹ж١
ж٣
Ҫ٣
ɫһ㣬Ա߿ֵ˶Цˡһ˿ڵѣ㲻ʶλ˰ɣһ£λǵ۹õĸ֪ɣ
õĸвܹģٶĶҲܹ𡣡
ҹδ۾һʩ񣺡
졣

ڰֵкܶࣿ
ǣҹδɨһΧó̫㡣
ҹδʱѾˣⷽ廹ûʶԼϢеˣͲ֪Ƿȥ̫±˶ϣԼԲֻҪϻԪϵԪԼ򲻹ӦҲܹߡˣͲһ
У
ҹδ̯λ뿪ˡʱãҹδֱȥҡ
ҷһЩµĲϣδĲϡһұ˷ܵ˵
ŶҲȤһûмĲϣȤˣһ˼ֹһ֣
ҿ
ѣһҹδ롣ҵĿҲλǣ
ҹδ뵭Ҿһðߡ
䣬ȡһ˹ȥҽӹϸۿԾ˷ܵĻ棺
ûпĻӦûмĲϡ
һĴָֻǿ֡
̧ͷҹδ㻹ж٣Ҫˡ
ҹδĴָ۸񶼲ʡһҪʮƷʯ
΢΢һüͷж٣
ܶ࣡
ܶǶ٣
ܶܶ࣡
ֳЦ⣺һż
ҹδ벻ҲΪ⣬˼ŵֻʮʮ򣬵кܶ࣬ǾͲˡɣʲôҲܴСÿһǸʮƷʯɺã


758 ǰ׻۹
ҹδԥһ£ֻǳƷʮƷʯѾ׬ˣ׬˼ƷҲԣ۸񡣵ƷǾˡʵϣƷҲʮҹδҲͬ⣬ϾҲòˣֻܹϣȡһ䵱ϡǾͲֵǮˡ
˵ʵҹδǸ磬һʮƷʯȥΪȥҲòˣûǮȡϣĲϣֵǮڲⷽЩвЩⷽûеĲ⵱Ȼ˭Ҳʯ࣬ǣ
ҹδյͷƷ԰۸ߣƷС
ƷҺһ۾ˣ֪ƷڱضŸΪϡԼûмĲϡ
ܷȿ
ҹδҡͷǻȽƷİɡ
ãҵͷ
ҹδ뽫һָ˹ȥҽӹһɨɵһʱˣҹδеĺܶܶʲô˼ָװһڶƷ뵽Է˵ˣƷôǲǻƷ
ٸУҲܲסһ֧ô࣬ƷʯƷƷ
ѣɲòϻñ
ҹδһüëܵҪֹܾסͷӦⷽ۸ֲȫĵطԼǱͷ
ã

ҹδλŲرȥ;Уҿʵ
Ĺأƽ
ҹδû֪ԼϢ˶ԷĻɡҹδ벻ᡣҲûмʣ˽뵽ر⣬ҹδһſһ˲áﻹԼǷûеĲϣһ١ҹδûֽף׼ȫ˵
Һһҹδɫôϣûҹδɫ仯ҹδݱӺ棬жڽҲûеס֪ҹδֲʦڲûôȡǣһľɫǷһЩ仯
ﾹȻ׻ľ
ҲһϣΪ󡣡ҵһ飬ҲΪ棬ֻû֪ˡ
뽻ҹδ뵱ϣܹｻͲȥѰ¥ˡѰ¥Ӱ̫󣬲ｻˡȻ̱ݣûܹõԼ
ɫһ׻ľǺ󣬵ⷽ磬ֻҪȥңлҵģϾǵ۹áҹδóЩȴ޷ҵȻԽס̵ͷ
ѣҲ֪Ѱ¥һ׻ľҪһƷʯЩƷҸոҲͼֵʮƷʯ
ҹδͷȻƷıҪƷʯһҪۣѾˡȿ
ȻµĲϣɫ˷ܣԥͷãѡ
ҹδв޵ǺݹȥһָָǧҵƷɨһ£Ǽʹöʯһ
ʮƷʯһٶʮڡ׻ľˣ㿴ҪʲôϣԽˣ㻹Ʒɣ
ҹδͷǽ׻ľһĸҩͽˣʣ°ˡԼȥһ˰׻۹ˡ
ҹδȡһָݸ˲ңװŴԼƷǧһոһʮڰɡ
ɨһ£ͷã
ҹδ㿪ʼѡϣѡĶԼǷûеġЩϴȥڵЩʿĲϣ˵ܹƳ
һʱҹδ뿪ˡȻûеõһʯȴõ׻ľĲϡ
ҹδ뿪ãֱ뿪˵۶ԼΪʩչһȥûз˸ԼŻָòٴη˵۶
صѧԺóʮʯ˷糲͹ȻȪ٣ԵԼ׼ȥһ
Ȫһ˵ҹδ벻Լĸӣһңضʹظҹδڡ
ҹδ֪ԼĸӣԼҪ뿪һʱ䣬ĸȻᣬȴҲʦΪҹδĸµĺкʹԴоͰ׳ҩҺȻ뿪˵۶
뿪۶ǧ֮ҹδ͸ıòıϢһƷһϢҹδ뿴ʮֵȻſԼԲΪŰ׻۹ķȥ
ΪԼȥ׻۹ѵʱذ׻۹۹ʵ۶ɽû˻Ԫҹδ뵨Ӵ˺ܶࡣ


759 û
ҹδ߸ߵڿзУٶȾͿ˺ܶࡣֻʮʱ䣬㵽˰׻۹ĵ۶һ·ϣΪڿзɵüߣû˷
ҹδڵ۶֮Ϊ¶ܵľ磬˵۶
ѰһҿջסĿģһǼĸһ棬һѰ١ǺͿջƴһ£˵۰ڵ۶ͦϾһ߳׵ľˣ׻۹ߵġԵ۶Ҳ̸֪ۡĸʱûΣգҹδҲȽķ£ڶ㿪ʼһһתûа١
ҹδһп˰٣ۼ۰ʮƷʯһ£˶ʮˣҲûȥҹδҲûȥһ򣬱׼ͻᱻ˶ϣ׼֮󣬱뿪׻۹Ҫ֮ǰһԼĸ硣
۰ǽһͳ죬ʹÿֵһΣֵʱ򣬾ڵ۶ڣʹԶľӪС
ҹδģһֱڻʹȴȵ˵죬۰ԴһʿŻʹȥ̴ܵ
ĸ磬δ롣
۰ɫû˿仯˵ҹδҲȷҹδһҹδִ˳
ľ跻Űᣬ㡣
ڶ졣
ҹδľ跻¥ŰڣĿⲻʱشӴֵٽ磬۾һ۰ԣĿһΪ۰ԲһˣԻˡв˼
ĸ粢ȫ
ĸ߽˲跻ȻŲ㽫˳ȥţֻҪǵԪ㲻ᷢԼľĸ˲ǵԪ
۰߽Űᣬ۰дˣԼһӺҹδоо͸ԼİᣬȻ۰Դܣ
δ롣
ҹδ̴ܣĸ硣
ʱҹδ뻹ܹĸں˵ͬʱڴܡ
ĸ磬ںΣգ
ҲΣգҵӴҲ治巽ڰ׻۹½ߣ˱˵ע⣬Ҳ˼˰׻۹ĸע⡣ԪҴ򲻹ǰҴ˰׻۹ĵ۶ҽʡҸǣһϳһǶԳԣһǿĺһ··ˣҲȥĵˡ
۹ԪȥѰǸ죬ʲô죿ҴǺת¡ԪҲʧȥȤҴ˵۶
հ׻۹Ļʵƺ˰֮ģҵνһͳ죬֪ǶҲģʱڼҡ
ҹδ벻ɽΣգ
ҵǾò̫ΣգʱƣӦܹǵΡؼǣĹħǴһʯϻáҺЧҶʱڲ뿪
ħ
ţܹеħһָоʯڵĹܻܿħۣüΪǿ󡣡
ħۣҹδһҲҪħһħ߲أ
۰ԳĬһܵδ룬һֱħȻܹ÷ܲѹƣѹƾѹƣһѹƲסǸʱħᷴʮ־ңұضħȥħܹħۣһ᳹װ鷳һᣬҲһΨһĻᡣ
׻۹ʿûʶǿʯΪǵûħ˵ûôǿŨħԵĿǰΪֹûܹǸʯ뼴ǰ׻۹ĻʵҲûСֻʯǳεĹǿҲһЩǳεħӰǵıԡ
Ҳͬ
ҵźǿҺŨħЩʿڹۿʯ֮һħڹۿʯǰǿҶŨħҵһιۿʯͿʯеΣҷ˵򡣡
ҹδĬȻ֪۰ΨһĻᣬҲǳܣ۰ԻΪʯħҲ߲ǣ룬ȴûֹ۰ԡΪ۰ԵΨһᣬȻΣգΣպ԰׻۹Σձ׻۹Σնʲô
δ룬δ롭ҹδһֱ۰Ա㴫ܻ
ĸ磬Ȼˣδ㲻ֹˡһ۹һʱ䣬Ҫȥ֮ǰһ档
ã
˲֪۰Ժͬȥҹδֶһ̾Ϣһһٲ뿪
׻̡
ҹδ˽ֱӵ¥Ŀһɨ¥ϵ˲ֻ࣬ˣӭ͵Ļˡ¥۵Ķϡ֮쳣󣬲ʮָ֮ˣȻûֹһȦһŻһ飬ʲôҲ뿪ʱŶ˵ͷ
ԣҹδһһƴЦӭ
͹ٿʲô


760 ҩ
ҹδ뾶ֱߵ˰ڷŰٵĹ̨ǰȡһָݸ˻ƣȻָָ١Ǹϱֳ֮ɫȻɨһ۴ָڵʯи𾪡ؼʯȻ뵽̨ڣǸȡҹδ롣ҹδӹ˰٣תߡ
߳˰׻̣ҹδֱŵ۶֮ȥѾ֪ڸԼǵʱ¥ĿˣһʶжӦǸڵĸ֡ʱҶڵ۶ڣûȫ٣Щ˲֪ҹδΪ磬ҹδҲǵΪ硣ҹδҲûп־塣
һʱҹδ˵۶
һ۶ҹδն𣬷ҡֱϣ۹ķȥٶȼ죬ʱҲԼֺԲľ緢ӵ˼¡
ಡ
׷ӰӰ߿գ㷢˱˴ˡҷֱ˴Ҳʶͬʱ֣ҹδٶȿԾĿ⽻䣬ʿͬˣҹδʧķ׷ȥ
ҹδͷһۣʱ˿ҹδһԲҹδҲ˵Ϊ
¥Ŀ˶ڣǸ̸ֵʿȴǻڵΪ
ҹδһԶçٷȥܹסҪһ԰ȫĵطİ׻۹ʿ
ಡ
һʱĸȺѾ뿪֮ңҹδȻͣס˽Ųת׷ˡ
ʱ֮еĻҹδڣǸʿʮҵľ롣
ǸҹδܾͣҲͣȴҹδ֡һץҲʱһȭӭҹδץķ򡣵ȴ֣ҹδһץûʵԵĹвһ㣬Էʲô
ǣоԼΧĿռ䱻иˣһĿռԼǸռ俪ʼ飬ǱģԼ飬һһ飬ܼĿռƬſռ飬ɱ
пռ䣡
ͬʱҹδӰѾпռ˹ȥ
ϡ
ͬһһ㣬һʿкȥб㹹һнϵһǸ档ʱУѾһз빹ɵĳһʿһ̳
ƣ
䣡
ҹδǸתпռţҪڿռӹ֮ǰߵпռϺӳȥпռȴ쳣̡ǿռƬû
ϡ
ннݺᣬѾǸʿʳ촷ۣһѾƵĹУѪˡ
䡭
ǸӿռƬĽɱг˳ѪһѪⶼûˣ¶ɭɭ׹ǣû˿ϲȴǳ˾Ϊҹδ˹еĳѾ˹һӰķк
Ӳ
ӣҲҪһȴû˿ġ
˾˭
һȻնɱʵ
䡭
һŴԼײҲ̳˳̳ǿһʽ
𡭡
һֻɽһİ׻һ̳ײ˴ǡǻڴ̳һ֮תӡ
䡭
Ǻ˰׻Ȼ顣ȴдһǸ䡣
ۡ
ǴһǴ͸壬岻һͣһ֮䣬Ӱķ
ϡ
Щ붸Ȼۣγһн˲ɣݺиǸǸʿӱ㱻иӿСò
ҹδץ˼£㽫ָץУ˷룬Զȥһ߷ɣһ߿ָб㲻¶ϲɫ
ǵ¥Ĺǰ׻̵ĸ֣۷񰡡
ҹδżһ£ָڵԴֵһƷʯ൱ûлǮõ˰١

׬˶ʮڡ
ɱʿܹϢʱ䣬ҹδȫԶȥżҪ׷Ҳʧȥ˷򡣼ȷ˷Ҳ׷
ȻƲһһֱ뵽۹ĽҲû׷ɱĵǱɽԶĴѾϣĿѾ͸ȻҲͿǸͷ­ȴܹ֮¡¡ҹδ˲Ȼǲ˹ʱ޿̵ڹǸͷ­ĥǿͷ­
ҹδȻȥѧԺ


761 
Ȫлһ£ԭΪҹδҪһҲŻȴû뵽µʱͻˡҹδ˼٣ָƽͬһʦһ㡣ÿճϿΣڱؽĥԼΪͻƻȻʱѾۼ˾ŸҩҪԼΪʵһЩȡһͻơ
׼ڼ䣬ٴԼĸǰȥͻơ
ɽԼǸ༶ȪҪٸ༶ȴܾˡʱƵ١ѧ뿪ˣʦҲв뿪ˡҹδĸҲ뿪ˡ
ʮ
ҹδĸһ˻ĵϥм䣬ȡ˾ŸҩԼΧȻĸΧοʼǳ
ʱǳѾ֮ǰǳˣĹǳƷٴˡ
˿˿
ſŴҩʼɱҩԱҹδգĸӿԼʦһнšȻ֪ʦھʲôΪȴҲ֪ʦԲܵǿɲʦΪʲôҪΪֻǵʦͻǷ˳
һ죬죬졭
٣ǾŸҩΪ촷ۡʱҹδŹĹâĸѾҹδ룬ҹδͬһ̫һ㡣ǹĹâȴһ˿˿ΪļǱҹδա
һ죬죬졭
ڶʮһ졣
ҹδҲûһ˿貣ʱڿҹδ룬һ񣬷豹棬ȴһ˿ĸоҹδǰȴĸӸоԼʦֲԼĸǰ·Ϊһ塣

ʱҹδʶڣø֮ɢżΪɣǴľһ˿˿ظı䣬Ǿĵϣʶ֮ʶת
ҹδ̤˻ȵľȫתʶǻԲǸʱԳͻƵԪ
ҹδ۾ĸӣֳ˾ϲ֮ɫĸҹδȴ֪ԼĴӷ뵽εУѣ±ҲѹƲס磬ͻƵ𾳽硣ԼͻƻӰ̫ˡȻɷƸЩȣֻҪڷ𾳽යһЩʱգǻȶ
ٿ׳ʱѾͻƵ㣬ҪŴ۾Լʦҹδʳָ촽ǰ׳̵ͷʾԼԼʦʦܡҹδٿҫĵף΢΢̾ϢһҲͻƵ۶ֻǸЩ鸡ҲҪһνϳʱʵ硣
ⲻ
̧ͷɫѾʼۡҹδ׳׳Ϊʦʦǻ
׳æͷҹδȻһ̤α˵һˣȻֶеĽơ
ϿսرصĽ֣ط·뵽ҹ
ͻȻ
䡭
ִҹδϣҪҹδܶ࣬ҹδȫڡ
ҹδ뾲س׽ٵĺѾ׽ٶ˵̫⣬ܹһôӵĴӵΪΪĵ塣
䡭
ʱյĽɢȥռ΢΢Ѿ뵽ҹһ¸߹ʡ
ҹδһ̤Ȼͨһ˺ˮУϴȥ˶ɽٵʣȻ˰·ϥڰߵһʯϣʼԼ塣
ȻѾȫǵ壬ֵҲи£ΪԼĵΪˣӦˡ֮Լʶǵϲˣһ˵·ǾǵǵıԴʶڵľתʶ֮ٶȲ죬ٶȣҹδżһ£û꣬ﵽԲ
⻹ΪҹδĵƷʮָߣһʱ᳤屶ʮ
Ȼÿһʿɵɵؾôôõʱ䣬ǶѰҸĵرٶȡ
ҹδ벻أΪǸµĵϺ֮Ժ۰˵ⷽ綺һʱ䣬ҪҺϺɾŻ뿪ֱѵõĻԵҹδôܷ
պҹδĸźȥ׼ȥ֮󣬱㿪ʼͻƷ𣬶ҫѾﵽ۶ľ׳ڵʵѾ൱ܵ
ʦͽ˻ǻˣѧԺѧ죬ǲŻʦͽ˶չ¶Լ¾硣ҹδ¶ԼΪһֱӱչأԵԼҪͻƷҫ׺׳ֱȥˡ


762 Ǳ
ʦͽ˵Ϊ磬ֱѧԺˡ
Ȳ˵ҹδ룬ĴӷƣһͻƵǱѧԺԺ߲ˣΪѧԺߵľǷǸʱ򣬷ƵʦѾʺˣǻΪѧԺĳϣƽʱϿΣΪѧԺԺ֮ȻܹϾ֮ʱд鴫Ǿ͸ˡ
֮˵ƻᱻѧԺɱᱻ۹ɱ֣Ϊ̫ˣֻнʮꡣ
۹ֻһ񣬶Ҵӣ˵һֱڻʹǱޣҪͻƷʥѾûгˣһʮķʲô
żĿͻƷ
ʵѾ൱ڻԪνֱ۹Ĵ£ûбˡ
˵ҹδĶ׳ǵ۹δйϵ͵۹ϵ񣬵ȴԸڵ۹ϵ
Ϊʲô
Ϊ׳̫ǿˣֱŰϵЩˣ׳ҫѾǰ⻹ÿÿֻսһҪ֪սĶֶ۶׳ȴʤ׳Ҳֻʮꡣ
ʵԷһߣؼһȫµϵ۹һ·ܿˣ׳·׳ڵ۹жҪֱǿɽʦˡ
˵ҫףһʮ꣬һֻʮ꣬񶼴ﵽ۶رףʮ۶ڵ۹δֹ䣬Ϊ˵лԪ֮ˣɾ͵Ԫżϣ
һɾͻԪһͷһ
Ҫ֪۹ǰ׻۹ֻʵǻԪ۹ѾܾûгֻԪˡ
ĸӣֱǱ
ôΪĸӵʦأ
֪ҹδ϶ǷʿҲһ𣬷򲻻̳һΪҲͻͽŶãѾһʿͬ˸оŻԪ֮ˣɾ͵Ԫ롣
ҹδȴǣ֮ܵ˻ӭ̶Ⱥ𾴳̶ȣ֪鷳ˡ
ԼǾԳˣҲ۹ʵ۵ĹעˡżĿܣ۹ʵۻԼһ档
ԼΪ˿ԪǻԪȴδؿԻԪԼνͣ
Լ뿪ȫģҶԼĸûʲôӰ죬Ϊĸӵͱ顣ʵϣԼĸӲô㣬ԼΪ¶ûô죬ԼİŵıҲ顣Ϊ۹ϸȥ顣״۹ضʮֵֹȥԼͱסˡԼ̫ĵ顣
ھ뿪Ϊ᲻õµĵϺһĻԵܹڼ̵ʱԾʽԼΪ
ܹʲô̶ȣ֪֪ԼλԵŽǸϺոɾ뿪
λᣬصڣڵӦʦ׼ǸϺܹԲܹԼΪԲǸԼԪԪԲ
Ҫ֪ϵԪҲʣһٰʮңԼûжʱ䡣ֻԵôԷ
Ǿðպ͵۹ʵۼһ棬ԼڵΪʵǻ磬һǷһƶԼԼֿһԪ߰ɣ
ֻ᲻̫ˣ̫ðˣ

ְܹգҹδԸֵȥˡοҹδڵĵ۹ʵۺλӦöɽǱߵõϢٸֻȥһʱ䣬ԼÿڵϺΪÿһأͶһߵİա
ҹδǽʮ˸ѧʮ˸ѧΪѧԺˡ
ÿϿ֮ҹδȥ󣬷ĵԪĴУȥǻҹڵºյѾ˴ϸĴУдԴ͸ĸӣ֪ԺãÿԼˡȻѾߵһԺҪԼˡ
Ȼÿµµףһ죬ҹδΪǽеԻˣҹδ㵹ʱԼ
ʵϣҹδѾԼĸˡ
ĸӱض۹ĹעǲȱԴ۹ԴضбѾĸӴãܹ߶ԶȫԼˡ
ȻһԺӴǰ٣ҲڲͣսѧԺķĸӺҹδϢڵ۹ϲ㴫˿


763 Ԫ
½йǰݷҹδ룬ݷҹδĸӡ
ҹδһɲĸʦԼǷҪЩ壿
ҹδǣûбҪȫҲûбҪһǿ԰ԼѡҪˡҪµˣڵĵ۹û˻ΪǡҼǵҲν˭ǣʹȥ
ȥ죬һӿʼ³ˡ̫ڣǰҹδ룬ǰݷҹδĸӡҹδһɲĸҲֻѡļˣ֪ЩˣԼûʱ˷ЩϣҪҪͻܵ
û˱ֳˣǱҹδܾ̫ӺλҲûбֳ˿Ը⡣Ϊǵжžųȷҹδ벻һһڣֿһ
һ˵ʵԺǵĸƽƽˣθ¶һ˿ã
ҹδΧðûٸҺƣΧÿ˶üƣ˵ǲɵķ񾳽磬ΪҲǶҹδˡҹδƽ֮С
ҹδ²һϢ͵ɽ۹ʵ͵۹ףҲȷʵɽһĻа׻۹Ļʵۣ׷ѩͷ˫Ŵʿͷʿ
ʱЩվڴ⣬עŴڵ״
ڣֹڲͣغǸͷ­ȴ޷˺Ǹͷ­ֺһӶûбһ顣
ʵۺ񶼲ɽüͷʱһʿߣݸһ뽫ʶ̽룬ϵɫδ䣬ȴǾһһԵİ׷ѩظ֪仯Ȼֻһ˲ͻָƽɽĿ˹뵭Ȼ
۹һ飬Ҫص۹һˣ߾Ƚ̸֣Ҿͻ
׷ѩͷַġ
ͷתߣİ׷ѩ뿪⼸գ۹ΪԪǸͷ­ľ壬£۹ֻһ·ߣǾ֡ûиͷ­֮ǰ˫ᴦڡ
ֻһʱ䣬ΪԪʿѾѧԺûȥݺᣬֱҹδķ֮⡣ʱѾƻ裬ʶ˳ȥܿ۹ѧԺȻǱ㸡ֳһ˿Цݡ
ҹδһԼסһ˼ŽǰпռѾʵķԾܷҽܵϣһǿķĳΣΪĻ
ţ
ԼסǰվŵǸˣƽһˣվҲһеģҹδȴ˲оԷԼΣա΢΢۾ָоϵϸоҪӦ˲һǰ㡣
ǵ۹ʵˡ
ǻҪġ
ҹδƽһľ߶ţԪҼĶˣûʲôµġƽǰȤؿŶƽҹδ롣
¡
ʶң
ҹδҡͷܹ֪롣
ͷ˽뵽ҹδķ䣬뿴ҹδݲ裬Ȼ󵹲裬ſڵ
Ȼûüϸ㣬ǽеĵϸң㲻ˡû˵ɣ
ҹδͷû˵
ѾǻΪȴʼһ¶ԼΪ¶Լ
ҹδֱˬصͷܹ⡣
⣡ͷһİĵطҪıǱԼȻ˽磬ûʲôԵġֻҹʦһɣ
˵ҵķ𣿡
ǣ
һ񣬾ʥһξ롣
Ȼɣ׶֮жҹδࡣ˼ã
ҹʦܷ֪˵Ŀģ
²÷ǣûж⣡ҹδҡͷ¶΢ЦԴһ⡣
⣿
ǻԪڻʱ򣬾Ӧȥǿհɣ
ţ
ֻǿǿվޣǿվ׷ɱ˺ܾãհǿվޣȴ·ˣʧȥ˻صǷķǿʧ˺ܾãֻżȻⷽ磬׼ˣһ뿪Ѱһؼҵ·
˻Ԫ磬ɵֻΪǿֻһ磬Զҹδ˵ǣѡţҴõϿҹδⷽ缸ˣȷʵû˿Ե۹˵ⷽ粻飬ⷽ紫ڳĸ콾ĵӡԣҹδĽ䱸˺ܶࡣҲ˽Ļᡣ
ҹʦǸ磬ǿʲô磿
ǿ߰


764 
ҹδֳ˻䣬û˿٣ΪӦҲܹظ֪ʱҹδʵ
ǿֻһλϵ硣
ϵȻ̶СǡԪ֮ϣ
ǣҹδͷ
˻㵹һֳ֮ɫǷкϵУ
ûУҹδҡͷֳ֮ɫǸһǰ֮ǰ˶ڿѰٻԪ֮ϣҲֻѰ˻Ԫ֮ϵľ磬ΪϵֻλǰҲûȫҵϵ֮·Ȼ̤·ȴˡ
ĬȻûȥѯʺϵУΪ֪ҹδľ磬ܽӴλϵǰҲ´УȴҹδܹõġǸĴлΪλǰˡ
֮ĬȻãٴοڵǷжٻԪ
ҹδһ£ĲӦʮɡ磬Ҳֻܹ˽ô࣬Ǳ޵ĻԪͲܹ֪ġ
ͷһֱ֪ҹδ룬֪ҹδû˵ٻȴо£һϾȻʮԪֲܹһѰٵϵ֮·ˡԼⷽȴֻԪ
ҹʦⷽã
Ӧû¼ɣҲ֪Ƿ硣
⣡ʱȫûҹδ˼ҪҹδཻϾײ˵ܹϡͻȻǸͷ­㿪ڵ
ҹʦӦüǸͷ­ɣ
ҹδˬͷǸͷ­׹䣬ҴѧɽȻ
ҹʦ˵ʵⷽδ࣬ǷУ
ҹδԥһ£ͷУǽ壬һӵǻۣȴƾõĶ࣬еǲҲԪҸǣӵűͨǷ磬嵮֮ںһֱӵ񡣡
жʵҿղԥ
ԥǣҼǿͷ­ɢϢ壬϶ûдͷ­ɢϢ̫ǿоųɿԿ϶ͷ­ΪڻԪ֮ϡ
ϵαҲˣһֱƽɫֳ˾ݡ
ҹδصͷ
ҹʦжԸİ취뼱ʵȻֵȻԲͬʱ䣬壬ҹʦа취޾к
ҹδЦԣǶ塣а취ô᲻߱£ʵûа취Ҫ֪Ǹ磬Ҳûкϵ塣
šüͷǺã
£ӦԵģ
ǲ˼ǿĴ󣬲ͣغֻȴ˺ֺ
ҹδҲδؾ˺ֺ˺ΪǸͷ­ľ̫ߡˮʯͣغȥһ겻Уʮأأܻ˺˺ֻҪָܹͺá
ͷֻоǡ
Ǹͷ­һֱûзӦ𣿡
˵ҺͰ׷ѩӦһ֮󣬱ҲûзӦ
ҹδü˼Ƭ̵ⲻǺ°
ͷһ棬Ǹͷ­ӦòĻ̫һ棬ӦǵĴ󹥻вܹĻָȴֹĻָԸǶɧš
ԣɧţʵǵĴ󹥻ɧšҪָʵٶԸǡ
ʱǲܣҹδҡҡͷϾɱþʣһͷ­ǺϵҪָǸΪҲҪʱ䡣ұϾֻʣһͷ­ָܻܲȫʢʱڶδ֪ǲͣɧţʱ޵ӳʱδؾоİ취
Զԣ۾һ˵оܹҵһϵ·ôҹʦûȤһȥоǸͷ­
ʱ룡ҹδҡҡͷֻûвǸͷ­һвûĶֻܹ֡ôȥˣҲֻܹţоˡҵĵĲ
㵣ʲôв¶һ˿š
ҵȥ޽壬˲ⷽĺƽ١
ĽУҵøϽȥٲһ󣬽ǸϢȫӡڴ档
һ취ҹδͷ
ҹʦһȥɡٴ
ЩƻûȬҪһʱ䡣£ҾڵоӦܣôܹвǸͷ­һ˿Ҳá˱ֻܹжģǲܹʼо
УʦоǿķװǴװܹоһжǿ̸·ģȬұضǰɽҶһϵʿҲǳȤ


765 ǰɽ
뿪ҹδָֻƽĹɡΪҲڷɿʳ֥¶ԭڻΪͿ˰ٱŻҺĵϺΪֱǷԾ
ĸӵֹͣΪͻƣĸ񶼴ڳ׶Σʱ䲻̡ʮ˸ѧҲ֮ǰǰͻͽҹδҲҪͨѸٵǵΪΪԼԣҲֻǾĴǣȴʱǡЩѧܹߵһҪԼˡ
һ
ҹδΪͻƵأֻһʱ䣬ӻһͻƵأֱ޷ٶȡ֥¶͵Ϻ˫ذ£ҹδɾ漣ֻ漣Ҳ͵ΪֹˡΪϺʧˣѾҹδȫյһɶ
ҹδں룬ΧտҲĺףֳЦݡ
ûźܹĻԵѾˣźľĲˡ
ԭ룬ĸ֮ԼӦûȥˡû뵽ٴθı䣬Ҫĵոɾ뿪ⷽ硣ȴٴηĸı䣬ҲҪȥǸϵͷ­
ڲȥ׼¶ΪȻȥѧԺĻԪСܷһЩǳ
֪һԼΪиϲãûеϺ֥¶ĸԼڵĻԲҲʮꡣ
֥¶Ч̫ǿˡ
ʮǸʱҲһʮԪԼʱ䡣
ҹδһʱ䣬ⷽĻԪУԼǳһЩûȥɽһȥϲķ֣ǳ໥ӡ֤һָооںȥ˵ܹҵͻƺϵ·
ֻ⣬òߡһ£ܹߣ·ʯ·ⷽΪһ壬òȥʹˣ˸ʯû۹֮ǰʯˡ
ڶǣǳˣҲ顣ڵǳ鶼Ͼһ飬Լһ飬ٺ໥ӡ֤ӦźܴİѰҵϵĵ·
һա
һܹ֪ͨǳƬ𣿡
ܣҲзΧ
ҹδ۾һܹ֪ͺãڷΧǲ⣬ԼɾˡܹҵԼΪԼɵֻи졣
òߣԼشˡ
ҹδ׼ȥɽˣоԼľ磬ȥѾﵽ˼ޣǳѾǳޡ˵ȱǳƬǳȫԼ
׼ȥǸͷ­᲻Լϲܣ׼ȥѰǳƬ
ʱ䣬ѾΪͻƵأ뻯ԲѾԶ
ҹδȥѧԺʦְλԵԼҪĴݺᶼԳҹδ뻹ˣǽĸѧԺʱ䣬ĸӵĵҲԽӵĸУҹδ뿪˵۶ǰɽ
ǿͷ­ʮҹδͱˡͰ׷ѩӭ˳ûҹδݣѽҹδϢð׷ѩšһҹδ룬֪ҹδѾǻءв¶һ˿ȣ
ҹʦǻָΪˣ
ûȫָҹδЦ֥¶Ϊһǳĵ·ϣδͰ׷ѩԾɣ˵ԼΪûȫָ˱ڽͻƵԪҲ˵ԼֻǻָΪ
ȻͰ׷ѩһ˿ȡѾʼҹδΪǵԪˡ˵ǵԪڡȴûлҹδΪǻԪΪҹδ̫ˣܹҹδϢи֪ҹδĴ䡣
뵽ҹδΪǵԪΪǷѾȫˡ˶ҹδ̬֣ࡣ
ҹѣҺڴ͵۵
ҲڴҹδҲЦʵҲǳڴ
ǾͲڡ׷ѩЦ
ã
һͤͤרΪ˽ģͰ׷ѩƽʱۿҲ໥ʱͤڱˡͤȴվһȦʿЩʿΪҲǻʿ۵˵ҲһĻԵ
ֻǲ֪ҹδݣ֪ҹδһֻͰ׷ѩʱҲڴȻΪҹδ벻ǻԪܹõһ޵ǾһЩҲһϡ


766 ۵
ЩΧ֮ͤʿͲͬˣǶҹδ˽⣬ҹδֻһʦΪֻǻһʿʲôʸԪ۵
һԪƽƽһͤڣֻܹվͤ⣿
۵ʼˡ
Ͱ׷ѩҪϵͳ˽ҹδԸտʼ۵Ŀʼûһ۵Ԫˣʼײˣͨͤײ𻨡
տʼʱ۵ٶȷǳ죬Ͼǻÿ˵꣬ҲȫȻûۡ˱ֻһʱ䣬۵ܵ
磬۵ٶȿʼͣʱԪҪ˼һҹδҲԼ⣬ûгּҵۣ˴˽֮󣬱Ѱҵ˹ͬ㡣
ֱͬﱾԴҹδ붼ǳʵ۵ˣҹδջҪԶԪõĶ࣬ǳһ˿µ򡣹ܵ۵һֱڶ賿ʱȫΧһУ˵񶼳֪ʶײСΧЩ͵ԪʿҲͣ棬Ȼȫ򣬵ȴҲǺܶϡ
Ƕҹδ̬Ѿ˱仯Ӻ͵ӣҲûдﵽ𾴵ĳ̶ȡϾֻܵ۵
һڿʼ۵۵ѵʱʱ䣬ҹδ벻˵ڻԪչǶڵԪĸоԼҪƿԼڴﵽԲ֮ʮͻƿﵽԪ硣
⻹ֻ۵ǻأ
ΧĻʿҹδѾʼһ˿𾴡ʵҹδĵ̫ʵ̫Ȼֻ۵ȴǿһ·磬ǵʱƺֻǿһ֡
ֲҹδܹ̳ĵӣ
ʢ֮ʿ
ʼˣ
ͤΧʿһرЩʿڵľʮڴ˵۵ЩʿسȥȻͳУһϥ£ЩԪʿʮĽǿȷЩ˴ضͻһСס
˵ǣЩԪʱҲܸдֻǵľ磬Ȼȴڳ֮УԽˣǶڽĵԪ۵͸ӵڴ

ҹδֻһ۵ͽ˰ɣ
һʱ䣬Ƿ
һ۵ҹδʮֳ죬ײҹδڷɿԼ֪ʶԵԪ翴øʱһָоһԼﵽԲҲֻҪʱ䣬ܹͻƵԪƿ
ʱͤЩԪͻѾͤڵˣ˿ɶǶĴʿͰ׷ѩͲ˵ˣҹδҲǷ񣬶ﵽڵԪľ磬ΪռĴڣҹδķ񾳽Ѿﵽ˷ǳߵľ磬ֻҪ˹ⰵͿԳͻƷʥ
Ҳ˵ڳ˶ڹⰵⲻѾﵽ˷۷壬Ȼ֮вȴҲܹﵽ൱ڵԪڵˮƽںǳӡ֤ĴУ֮ʵҲŵԪڵľ磬رϺӦľ飬ĸУǵı鶼¼ڣʮϸһԵض͸ҹδ룬ҹδҲͨȻΪԭźܶĲ⣬ҲڵԪһЩ
ԣͻƵԪƿƿҲʮִҪ꣬ǧȥͻƿֻҪꡣֻҪʱ䣬ˡ
۵Ȼ컨׹ܼĵϣͤͤӾʧˣŨĹ֮СԣͤЩԪͻҲֻܹѾͤڵˡ
ĿǰΪֹ׷ѩҲջ񣬵ջʮޣϾǻԪ磬һǻԪڡ۵ҹδȴǸǴһķǶĿһ£ŽЧҲֻʰŲȱЧǶһµһµ򣬶ڵľãޡ
ҹδͲͬˡ
ջ̫ˣ
ھһԼе½۵õĶһ
ο˻ǻԪ
˵֮ǰҹδĻЩɡȴڷɿرʵͨĻȻӰ쵽ڵԪ֮ǰĶڵԪͻԪĴеʱ򣬱ĶϺӦľ飬ѧԺĶⷽеľ¼̫ĵطҲ̫ĵطԻ󡣵ǣھȻżһ֣ȻʡһԶԶΪ硣


767 
⻹ҪģҪǣ۵رԪʿ۵ĵ̫ܼˣЩڷٵҹδľʶתĻΪҲڷɿ
ջ
һۣʱѾ϶ҹδ벻һӦһԪ򲻻ʵĻڻԲʱ򣬶ûҹδڻһز
ͤĵԪѵõؼһ£ȻƽԼľΪͤڿʼ۵Ԫˡ
۵ҹδԿڵĴˣʱˡֻҲԼȫģȻȥʡֻѡԼѾ˴룬ɷ·һɴѯʡбĽ⣬ҹδȻʡҲȷҹδһԪӦڵԪ۷壬߸ոͻƵԪڵģ
ˣҲʮˡ
;ʹﵽ˵ԪֱЩ˼ǶҹδԵǸ磬˺棬Ҳżɵ
չȥͣҹδܳʱû˳۵ˣδ
ҹδһЩ뻰е˼۵ǴҶ棬ǲ۵ֻҹδ棬ҹδûиṩ;ǾͲ۵ˣָ㡣
ᴫ
˼ƾʲôٸ㴫
㻹ʿ
Ԫ֮ǰ۵ȻҹδҪ̫࣬Ҳҹδ棬ҲһԹƽĽס۵ǻԪˣǾͲɽˡ
ҹδԪʿ۵ԼҲĬȻȵԼ絽ˣⶼǰ˵ľ飬Ǹʱںϣʮ󡣵ҪԼõóֵĶ
ʱİ׷ѩѾ֪ҹδԲˣʼʮ𾪣ǰȥһε۶֮󣬱˵˺֮ܶǰ֪ѶϢ壬ϵȵȡ
ˣԭһжǰλҹδ롣ڵ
ҹѣڼʱ򣬿Ԫʿ۵
ûзӦ֪ʱ׷ѩѾҹδҲҹδ룬ҹδͷ

Ͱ׷ѩ۾һ׷ѩǿԼ۵ǵ۵ǰ۵Ųͬ˵
Ȼԣҹδˬͷ
Ͱ׷ѩٴοʼ۵˵۵ٴ˸ΪŨĵϣҹδʱͬڵԪһ㣬Ҫ̫ˬʶڵľɿʶת
ҹδ벢ûв˽۵ѵһûбҪ˽۵ͬʱԺвͣػϺӦµĵáżһ䣬ÿ˵꣬Ͱ׷ѩɫ𶯣оƵ֮˼Ȼ㳢ҹδ˵Ǿ仰ʲôļ䡣ҹδҲȥڼѰңȻ˵
ˣһ۵ʱӳˣȻҹδ˵ò࣬ȴͰ׷ѩǳĵõջֹȥ˰죬ҹδоԼԴʹˣֲεĴЩܲסˡ㿪ԵԼûʲô˵ˡһ۵ŵ˽
֮˶ԲͤԵ񡣶ҹδóһհƾԼļ䣬۵¼֮С
һԪҹδ뿪ʼԼΪ
ţ
۷ˣ
۵˽£յĵϣתʶ൱꣬ΪԼʡʱ䣬Ҳ˵ҹδûлԵҲﵽԲΪҪǣʵķԾоԼﵽԲ֮󣬲Ҫʱ䣬Ӧÿ׼ͻƵԪˡ
ã뿪ͤ׼Ҹطϴһ¡ͤЩ͵ԪҲ֮УҹδûдǣȻȥ
һʱҹδΧշ裬׼һطԼʱסĶһоǸͷ­һ߽Լĵһ飬Щٴһ硣
ҵһطڽʱͰ׷ѩˡҹδһ׷װ
ҹѣȥǸͷ­
ã
ҹδ봩װ˽뵽֮УװĹԶܿ˾ֱͷ­֮ϣҹδ뿴ߣ˽ܡһ۹ķףһǰ׻۹ķ˵ҹδҲһ̬̱


768 
ҹѣͷ­ϱ鲼ķƣΪЩΪйء
ҹδͷһʿΪᷢ仯Ҳͬ۶ϡ
λѣʲô֣
ûУЩ̫ˣѾЩӡһݡȡһݸҹδ롣ҹδл֮󣬽˹û̹ۿǿʼԼۿͷ­ϵķơ
ûиȥʶ̽뵽Ǹͷ­֮ڣˣȻϷ𣬽ͷ­뵽ԼҰ֮УȻͣڿǸλáû뵽Լܹƽͷ­ϵķơ
ʲôأ
һϵһпǺϵ֮ϣҹδΪ磬ôƽ⣿
ƽⲻûϵǻռ
ôĿģڸռ䴫Ϣռ临ͷ­ϵƣȻռȥƽ⡣ԣһĿеķƣһ߽һʯ̽뵽ռڹۿ
һۿǾһ
ռ临ƷƿǺܿģȴüһһĸƹҹδӼᶨԼ뷨ͷ­˾һϵǺϵ֮ϡ
һڿУ·ͷ­ϵķƣȻ㿪ʼоһ˿һƣûʲôоǵͷ­ķ뵽ҰУҹδĳǳ󣬶ʱƣֳԽԽҹδ뽥ؿʼоͷʹģ˶һֽʧΣ֮еĸо
ʵ⻹ֻͷ­һƣһƲڵ¡ˣҹδ붼оԼЩֲסˡռ䣬Ȼûйꡣֻҧ֣ɫԽԽ԰ס
룬׷ѩףվͷ­£̧ͷҹδ롣֪ҹδڸʲôΪҲɹҪϹۿͷ­ķơԪҲֻǼһ죬ҲֲȥҲֻǼֲʮʱĸҲҪҹδֶܹã
һʱʱʱ
ʮʱȥˣҹδ뻹ڼ֣ĸ˶ܹҹδ뼸Ѿﵽ˼ޣɫѾ԰ֽҹδʱѾЩˣڼ֣Ϊռڵĸƹûɡ
ֹȥ˰ʱĸжֳһ˿ȣû뵽ҹδôá
ѵҹδʲô֣
ۡ
ոոֳͷҹδſѪҹδڼ֡ĸвɾһ
ѵз֣
ҹδڼ֣ʱѾȫƾڼ֣֪ԼֲסԺҲ޷ټ֡
ˣټһ
ֹȥ˴ʱʱ䶼ѾӽԪʿֵʱˡҹδѾѪռ临ƹϣҹδƿ۾ҡҡλεŴȥĸҲŷɳ˴ȻҹδֱӻصԼƷĶǸضԪЦЦ㲼󷨣Ȼ󷨿ʼϢָ
ĸҲΪ⣬Ǵ죬ҲҪ˴ĸ˱ϥҹδĶ⣬ȫҹδ뻤ˡ
ҹδܾûôˣҪʶƣҪ֪ʶƿɱϵöˡһʶƹأ˾ͳ׷ˡʱʱپһҹδ׼ˣܲԼʶ޷ƣʶɲ֮ǰռ临Ǹͷ­ķơ
ˣҹδҲָ죬Žʶȫָռ俴һۣռ仹أҲ֪ʲôʱܹɣ
˳ĸ棬ҹδЦ
û°ɣ
û£ҹδЦֻ࿴һڿԼ⡣
׷ѩڵʲô֣
ûУҹδҡͷҷ֣ҵľ绹ǵЩоپãҲʲô֡
ô˵ڵҲǷֻҪоȥܹоһЩҲǾܹͻƵʥ
ҹδͷܣҲҪһӵʱоδػн
ףЦܹôһͷ­оѾĻԵܹоѾǵˡ
˵ǣҹδͷһ˿ᣬҲӦ÷
ʱ䣬ҹδͶ뵽Ǹͷ­о֮Уÿ죬˶һ໥ۣԼ˵áͰ׷ѩĽΧҪģҹδ룬ף˽ķΧҪǷΧġȻ֮Ҳн棬ҹδЩһ˿ǳǳ⡣


769 ټ۰
ףҲʱƣҹδΪǷҹδڷϵȻǣǸí˾оЩ
һȥҹδ뷢Լͷ­оƺһޣҲǲܼоȥǿҪΪλŻһ˿ƽ⡣ҹδȻ˷ʱ䡣뿪
ָоʵĸ˶УҲҹδ롣ΪҹδС꣬ʵ
ҹѣ׼ȥ
ҹδЦǿգ̸ףûͻƻԪ¶ɲǿյΣ֮ǰܹŵѾˡԣͻƻԪ֮ǰһ·ؼͷ׼һͻԼΪ֮ǰ۹˲ٵطҪȥ׻۹һ
׷ѩȡһƵҹѣڰ׻۹ʲôҪæƣԵصʿ
лҹδҲûпҲһƣҹδҲ
ƻʱ֣ҹδ뿪ˡ
׼ȥ׻۹һһͬ磬ӵźܴá
һһһһߵռЩһξȥҹδ뻯ԲԽԽˡ
꣬ҹδûжǿƣҽӽ˷ڣ˾ʲô鲻è壬Ҳᱻ׸ûиıòֻǹؼʱ򣬸ıòϢȥһĸ硣֮Ҫһĸ磬׼Ҫȥˡ
Ȼû棬֮ǰǰ㣬Űᣬʶ
۰ѾڣⲻҪģҪǣҹδ붼ܹо۰ħ˵۰Ѿħˡƫƫ۰źѵǣ˵һʮֹŹ֣ʮľ硣ħûħ
۰ԣΪķܲصԭ򣬵ȴҲұ֤ԼܹһֱѡҹδȰ۰ԵľķǳᶨʵϣҹδҲ֪۰Ա߳Լһ·ֻħ۲ܹܹħۣ۰Եδ򣬱ѹħҲб֮ʱ
ԣҹδҲûȰ
Ұ۰ԣħ֮Ϊǳ죬Ϊ̫죬ԼħѹԼΪ磬ҲǻˡҹδǸˣǵǡ
ͬʱ۰Ҳһ⡣
⼸꣬׷ѩһֱûлһֱɽ׻۹̫Ӽ۰ٵ⣬ʵϺܼ򵥡Ͼ֮Եͳ죬ҲΪ׷ѩһ仰ԣ۰ڵ۶ЩȻΪһСµ˶
ʵʼСһӺ۰Բ˳ͻԭ۰ԳǾͱ˷ͻġ֮Ϊ飬Ͳں
һΣһ̿һʯʶʵ̵ĵҲʶ۰ȴоǸʯħǳҪΪվǸʯǰڵѪҺˣڵħĵ
⵱ȻҪȴû뵽ĶһϲռֲˣҲҪʯǱҲˣǹϵԼΪ۰Կɲ˭ĶҲƲ磬˼Ҫбͳͻ۰ȻԿѶĶӸˡ
۰ִģǶˡĶӣǴǶҲɱ۰ԣ۰ǰ׷ѩģûа׷ѩ˭ɱ۰ԣ
ɱ۰ԣǿñİ취ʰ۰ԡ
Գȥ̫ӣ̫ҲҾͰ۰ɱˣҲòӣ㽫۰ԵĹְˡ۰ԲںʲôְͲȥǸʯˣⲻǶ۰Եĵ;
۰Ա㼱ˣҲûа취ҲȥˡԴָкܶࡣ˿Ϊߣȴ֪Ǳ»Ƕˣûа취Ȱȣȱ»
۰ԵȲ˰ⶼһˡ˭֪׷ѩʲôʱ
ҹδҲȥҰ׷ѩĻ۰ԵҲͱ¶ˡԣҹδ˶ϡ
۰Դ򲻹ҹδһԪڵĶȴûзϡ
ѵǲʰ
ҹδ뻯صΪӲԶԪڶܹԵֻĻ󡣵Ǳˣҹδ뻹һ񣬷൱ڻԪȻԪǶԸȴ㹻ˡ
ҪһʱܹŪʱԣЩһֱıòϢ˵۶Ŷ


770 ع
ΪǸͷ­ԭ򣬰׻۹۹ںʱڣûսĹҲɢࡣǵԪʿҲ뿪۶ȥΧͣԡȻҲ֮һΪԪʿڵ۶㹻šԣȥʱҲʹţǱԼǷԼ
ҹδڵ۶˶ʮ죬ڵȵ˶뿪˵۶ž۶ɽȥԡ
ֻˣܵ
ɽܴ󣬺ܶǰɽԣѰҿʯҩɽڵһҶݣһҹ
ԣǶԴҲܸȤʱڵһĲҩǮ⣬ӵ⡣۶뷨ˣкܶࡣԣɽʱǰ
ҹδԶԶظŶر㵽ֻ֮ҹδûж֣ԶԶصŶԷﻹǲ룬һûڶʱʰԷǻĿ⡣ҹδ벻Լ¶µ뵽ĸ硣뷨Ϣʰ˶öʧٳΪһԡˣȻĸڶʱɲḴиһأɲ֣ʱ۰һžܹٸԭְ»òʯĻᣬû˻뵽ʧٺ۰йϵ
ֹȥһʱˣҲո˵󣬶ɽûʲôɵ
ҹδжˡ
ж˶нķȻ·ǵǰ棬Ѱһʯϥ棬Ŷķ
ӵʱ䣬˵ˣҹδ롣Ȼ裬ȴ̫ں
һ磬ں˲ࡣҲĸԪˣ塣϶ܹùҪɱȴʵʡǵԪԲҪɱҲܣֻҪӣԪԲҲסϾҶһ󾳽磬ԼҲǵԪ۷塣
ҿҹδıӰȻʶǿԿ϶ԪԼʲôµģ
ԷҲһ̽գڴϢˡԣҲûͣ½Ųҹδ
ҹδ뻹û뵽Էô⣬ŽŲԼѾܽˣʯתͬʱüĹ⻪˷
˱硣
ȶ˷ӦѾˣѾս˵һ㡣
䡭
˸ոտΧɭɭĻûüϸбƬס˴ʧɫ׷ͷŵסȴֱ͸꣬˷һҽС
ҹδ뿴һ֪˶Լķ첻вϸһֲֳҪʰȥ
ٴԼĸ磬˵һ飬֮ҹδ뿪ˡ

ҹδͨ󣬻صԼ硣
ٷǡ
ҹδıòϢһ¥ڣŴڵ̸л֪Լ뿪ʮʱ䷢顣
һ죬Ҳ跻һ
ʮ꣬Ʋûдı仯
ȥʮʱ䣬ʿ˵һ˲ԣߴûΪӦѾˣȻӦҲûгֹӦڣѵõƽ˵ˣǱ߶ʵʵġ
ҲڻչԼΧ˻չٶȣߴҲûлɣΪչ죬û㹻ܵϵʿԣʮȥҲֻǽΧչԲࡣ
ߴڵĻԪҲûٳֹҲڱչء
ڵĶܵѾˣҹδ뽫˴ָ˵ʬˡռ仹ûȫǸͷ­ϵķơҹδҲżڻǻԪǷҲԼܹΪѾ޽ӽԲвһʱ䣬ܹԲˡ
λҪĿģѰǳ顣׼ȻϣҲһֱѰң˵Źڴ˵ѶϢ
ҹδڷȥͬʱСԼϣ֪ǳƬλáǷǳźǣֱصڵɽǰҲûи֪ǳλá
صţҹδֱϵĶ
ϣҹδипܹо˥ˡϾֻʣһٶԪ
ֵһʮԪѩһٶԪҲֻаԪ
վҹδΧϸشţǿһϡ䱦ȻʹЦЦгοҹδ֪ϵֿ飬ҲӿŸж뵽ϵԪֲ̾ʵ
ʦ棬ͻƵ𣿡


771 չ
ϵϲ˿ɬֵҡͷʲôȻʦľ飬̸ף
ѩ̾Ϣһؼǵ̫ˡ˵ģѾáʱڣ϶ȶήͣҪ̫ѡԣδҪ㣬ԽͻԽã˲ܹųʱ䣬ȥߵ
˵ֳֶϲ֮ɫδ룬ҼǵӦòɣ
ţҹδͷ
Ļ컯Բ˰ɣ
ţһӦòˡ
Ǹ֥ͻƵԪҲӦûɣ
ҹδͷûǸ֥ӸоҲû⣬һԲչ꣬ӦûͻƵԪ
ֵ˼Ƭ̵ȲҪʳǸڸоԼҪͻƵǰϦٷʳҲŸ鷢֡ϾûиҲܹͻƣǸЧӣ˵ܹĳһĻᡣ
Ҳôġ
˵֮䣬ͻɾ͵ԪǸʱ㣬Ԫ壬ӦŰ˳ɵϣͻƻԪ
̾Ϣһֻǿ¿ˡ
δأҹδЦʦ棬˭ͻƵԪųЧ֥ˣʦµĵϻҺĺҾò϶ʮҾܹﵽԪԲٶһЩʱ䣬ʮꡣǸʱλʦҲŰҵԪҲҾܹͻƻԪأ
ѩЦһҹδԴĴȥɣԪɲôͻƵġǧܹ꣬ͻƣǶ֮ң֮ҡ
ҲЦͲðοˣ˵ģܹſͻƵԪԲѾ֪ˡ
ҹδҡͷǲһͻÿҲûкķѰʱģûһķʮʱģδһжǲȷġп޷ڰͻƻԪʦҲ޷ңҲϣڰͻƻԪǲǣ
һۣвɶֳһ˿ܡ
ҹδԣ¶δûпܰ
ֻҪҹδһ·Ḷ́Կ»ôһ㡣
ֳֵЦݣȲô࣬ҲļͻƵԪԲսܹͻԪ࿹Ǿܹĵȥˡ
ʲôԪھѾͷʵѩվߣҴһ
ֵ͸ҲһȤҹδȻҲ⿴ԼͻԪĲûС֮ǰǱϷŰΡ²ظųȥˡ

ɱŰˣ
ȻѩûнԼΪѹڻԲǶҹδ˽⣬ѹƺһ磬򲻹ҹδ롣ΪҹδǳԳѩõǵԪΪտʼǵԪһ㣬㣬õԪ۷ʱ򣬱㿪ʼŰҹδˡ
ҹδЩɥҪ֪֮ǰʵǿԾһ󾳽ġҲ˵Բľ磬ǿԺ͵ԪԲ࿹ġȴѹڵԪ۷ĳѩŰ˵ǳѩˮ˺üˡ
ǳѩȴϲãҹδļ㲻þɥڵʵܹһԪԲ࿹δػ·硣ҪЩԪұȣǻԪһ꣬ս鼫ḻڵҲǻԪ硣ԣҽΪѹڵԪ۷壬ҶԵãսľ飬ʵʵĻԪ
ҹδͷ֪
֪ɥʲôѩ
룬ͻƵ˵ԪԲߴڵĻԪ㣬ҲֻܹǿͻԪ࿹ߴڵ߸ԪǻԪڣҸ޷࿹
Ԫ룬ɫҲصͷֵڵЩġڱϾֻǻڵúսľ黹ҪһЩͻԪǲ硣ǣȵͻƵԪԲǸʱ㣬ΪˣڵãսҲضϼһڣÿд裬ս鲻Ҳܡ
ԣԪԲ㣬ֻܹǿһԪ۷࿹һǿ
ҹδ۾һһǿʲô̶ȣ
ӦܹͻԪ࿹
ǡǴ򲻹ߴڵĻԪ
㻹ѵɱߴڵĻԪֵˣѾˣ룬ԵԪľ£ҪߣԷӦס㡣
˵ֵࣺһҪμǣߴڵĻԪһҪߴڵĻԪӵĻᶼУɡ


772 Ѱ
ҹδͷֳһ֪֡ԼǰͻƻԪǸʱԼ縺ĵӾ̫ˣźܴĿܳܲס
ֵҲҹδ˼̾Ϣһδ룬ߴĹڣӰɡԪ֮ؽڡ
ڿʱ㲻㲻ھڣˣھʧʷˡ
һȺ˳Ĭ

һȺˣҹδͳѩд裬ôĶȸͶôܲ
ԭҹδΪﵽ˻Բϲãȴ
һֱı
֪ʲôʱ͵Ԩ
ҹδ뽫ĿȸͶң˲ҹδ˼ȸҡͷ
ʮһϽŹ鰲ȥҲڱչ򣬵ʼûҵͻƵ
ţҲ˵һɾҲûУۿĵãҵһֻǾͻƻԪңңڡ
Ҳǣźҡҡͷ
ֱӰڰ֣ʾԼȸ͵졣
ЩûѰǳɣûҵܹҵ飬ҾͻƻԪϣ͸һЩ
һֱҡȸҡͷûҵ
ҹδź뵽Ӧǿߴڰǳ齻ͺˡ
ߴڻ᲻ǳƬ
ҹδΪ϶УǲߴڶУҲضмС
ҹδҲ⵱ӦΪʲôûǿΪǿˣߴҲԼǳƬǸʱӦ״ֲ̬ȥߴڣԵװ֪
͵Լ취ˡ
ʹҾ۵ҹҹδŻصԼĶϥ˳˼
ȥҴ磬㣬ǹ⣬һῴܷŵĲرңҲܹԼ̽һϢȻԼȴصĵһؿʼһֱѵھŹأܲӦʯĲп顣Ȼڲرڣ֣϶ӦҰ⣬ضܹ֪
ڣƽ̣ڵǹڽڡţֻȷһˡҹδûֵһԵİ취
ǣҪ磬㣬ǹҲףҶͬҪʹˡ
ҹδ֪ȸԼϢй¶ȥȻȻ뿪šҶͬݿʼսߴš¶Ϊ
ҶͬҲһˣ˰˴ûսս˶ĶţȻʧˣһʧپǶʮ꣬ٳֵʱȴѾڡ˺ܶ˵Ȥοֱȥսߴڣ
ž䣬ȻȻҲȤҹδսʱȻǰۿҹδȻҲȺпǣʶ͸ԼǰĿģԺϵķʽ
֮սһʽҹδҲԴڽǳ֮ڽҲ˽һսߴţȻͬδһܡ֮ȥ˽ڡʮǰսڣǽύһЩѣʱڶĵ̫ࡣҹδȻҲͽܺǹͷ
֮صĴÿ춼ڿмɣӦķΧǳһºҹδǰĹؽڵزûҵǳ顣ĹҲֶء˵أҹδ벻òǰҶңϾڻҶͬߡҶһ

ҶΪҶͬһˣѾΪһˡ
ҹδҲ⼸죬ҶһǴ˰죬ڼָҶµԴڵھ뿪ҶҡʼڵĹѰҡ
һա
зɵҹδںͨваǲҷɵ̫ˣ֪ҿԷɵһЩ
ƨǷɵٿһЩҶܡͣ¡
ҹδɫϲһͣһ·ɨӣһƬҰವһüĴ˳·ȥҹδȻһƬݵϣһָһطҹδݰһ£㿴һʯͷһ˵£ҲģͨҹδȴǼҴֱӴӴָнǱ˳ǱһżȻУҹδ뽫ƬһƬȻںϳһ飬ԣֱӽб˵ϵǸʯͷϡǿʯͷʯںˡ
Ǳ
ҹδϲںϺʯս˴ָȻɣڴˡ
ҹ
ҹδҰⲼһ󷨣Լϥ֮Уȡ˲бʶ͸ȥһƬǿ֮СǿеһжɵϹɣҵϵĹ켣Ҫࡣҹδܿͳ֮С


773 
һҹδӲб˳ü֮両ϲá
һƬǳڵĵ˲٣еƬǳȫԭǵϻʲô̶ȣ
ǣˣȴҲˡҹδǳĵӣȴҲֻһ˿ҹδˣǳδؾֻǻԪ
ţ
ҹδоռһ£뵽ռ䣬ǸƵĴͷ­ϵķڱռֽˣʱռһšҹδԥؽ뵽֮С
һƵ磬ķڲϵع·ŷƵԴҹδҲֻǹۿ˲Ϣʱ䣬оͷĿѣæռڳҲϢ˰ʱŻָ˹
治Լܹġ
ҹδҡҡͷԼͻƵԪ֮ǰȥˡȥҲǰ׽ȥ޷˵ʵüԼ뵽Ԫδܹʲô
Լδ;һָǿĸҹδһö죬϶ЦݡҲûҵǱĲп飬Ҳ߸˵ġ
ڶؽҲûҵǱĲп飬ҹδ˵һأѾǾصĽˣʿʵģСŶûУֻһЩС塣ҹδ뻹طɡĸ֪
ͣ
ҹδһ·ȥ·һƬģһӡҹδ뼱æ
ˣС
ʶָһҹδٴθıòͷųһ˿ħҶīòϢ·ȥȻָʾһĴǰ
һС塣
ҹδʶ˲壬ȴûпǱ

Ǹ档
ܹ֪ܹ뵽ڣ
ƷȻ֪󷨣͵סҵĸ֪ʵϣҲֻа˴ŵ޷֪
ҹδͷʶֱӴ͸Ǹ󷨣͸һʵȻ󿴵һʿһʯͷǰ棬š
ǱϤòϤҹδ룬һ۾ϳǿʯͷǳĲƬɨһǸߣǳ鴤һ£һػΪܹʯʲô
ҹδҲֳڲԶһҿջס˽ȥȻʶһֱעǸʵ
ʱǸվҡҡͷ̾Ϣһ뿪ҡҹδǱɰڷʯ̨ϣŷ̽һʶһֱעеʯֱҹʱ֣ҹδжˡ
ΪȻڲκ˵£뵽ңںǿǱп顣룬ȡһָŽȥһЩԴһ뿪
һʱȥԭҪһʱ䣬ܹﵽԲǴʱҹδѾ˻Բľ磬ⶼΪǳԵʣȻҲûҵǳƬƬںϳɵĲбҹδİܴǰ´ﵽ˻ԲҹδоٸԼҵʱ䣬ԼӦþͿ׼ͻƵԪˡ
⻹ĿǰĸоǳҲʱ仹̡ܹһؼ飬˵ʱ̡
ʱѾص˵أֱ˴磬㣬磬˴ʱΪѾﵽڣҲӣûзǳƬǸҹδ룬ŵĲرǶȥˣûз֪֡һڿ⣬Ƕ֪ڿʲôطҲͻƵ˻ᡣ
ҹδȥ˵أȥǹ⣬һûϢǹ⣬㿪ʼڵصĽѰҡ
ҹδһʱ䣬ӵҵھŹأڵΪߵĽУߴڣûʲôطȥġȴҲûҵһʯп顣
ʱҹδڵھŹصһ跻ڣ˼ԼһӦȥ彮򿴿ˡ
ȥ彮Σձ˺ܶࡣ
ΪߴڵߴԪչزҹδҶͬѰǱп飬Ҳ£ϲзաеԪҲΪΪҶͬȥĽͲͬˡ
ȣ彮һȥ̫ˡΣĻԪδرչءԪһǱߣΣա
ţ
ʱ洫߳˲跻˶̧ͷţҲ̧ͷȥһһ׹ȥ
ҹδȻֳһͷ
дԴɣ
ܣ
ô£
׼ȥ


774 
ʱѾвǸȥҹδҲǸȥܿ죬Ǳʧˣҹδ֪׹ڴˣֻǾ̫ԶˡѾ˷ôĶһҵ
һҹδ룬Ҳͱ˷ҶͬǰȫģǲҪݾ֮С㽵һ֣ȻָҹδݣٴڿգǸȥһ߷ɣһߴ֮󣬽뵽ؽʱĿĵѾȷˡ
Ǹ׹ĵطȻǲɽڣ˴һţʮǰõϣɽֻһԪһԪʮ˸ܵʮ꣬ҲĶȥ
ЦǣǸֱӺ˲ɽڵĴ׹ڲɽڵڡ
ҹδ뻹õϢܶʿ˲ɽڣţڣиӣŵԪ죬һЩʿ˲ɽڡھôᡣӦԪڸΧɱ
ҪסӦŭ
ŻԪҲˡЩŶڵؾȻǵһģҲҹδЩ˷ܡܹԪʿǸһ򵥡
δɽڣҹδͿ˲ɽڶһ߷塣ɽڣȻûнȥ۲ԭĲɽڸûôһɽ塣ҹδһȺʿվڵϣɽ壬ŵ
ҿɽôһȰ
ҹδбһݣϸشɽ壬һȣһŲ˲ɽڡֻ̫ˣͬһ޷塣
ʱɽڵĴѾˣƻʮأвɽڵʦ޸ڲɽΧźܶʿѲӣ赲ʿɽڡʱҹδʶд
δ룬Ҹ֪Ǳζˡ
ҹδ뾫һ񣬴Ųɽȥ˹ĲɽʿӭҪǳ⣬ɫһ䣬ϳҹδ롣
ҹѣǸʿɫѿعΪ
ҿԽȥɣҹδ빰ֻ
Եȣ
ǸʿɫЩȻſ׷ɱҹδ룬ȴҹδնɱгġӦ棬ҸҲڲɽڣͿģҶҹδΣ
ˣ˦ӶҡҲЦǾЦЦܲȻתͷһʿ
ʦܣҹȥҹС
ǣҹ룡
ҹδ֪ԷֱӽԼ͵ʦԼڲɽܡͷǸʿ
ɽǰʣµļӼҹδıӰʧ׷׿ۣ
˵ҹδʲôΪҸղվǰоѹô󡣡
ʮȥˣӦû˰ɣֻжʮ꣬㻯ҲӦֻǻڡ
Ѿ˲ˡ
սܹ͵Ԫˣ
ɽǰʱž
ҹС
ҹδ˸ʦʹϵˡҹδ룬ܸˣ˸󷨣Ȼʵ
ڻԲ𣿡
ţҹδȻͷ
ǡоԪ𣿡
ҹδͷĶڵĸ߲㣬飬ҹδҲû
ʦ棬⼸ҵ˼ǳƬ֮󣬶ڵԪĸ֪ˣڵ򾳽磬꣬ԳͻƵԪˡȻÿ컹Ҳʱ䡣Ҫǣָ֪һǳƬ
ȸɫһ㣬Ӧʲôҹδ֪ضӦġ
ʵϣҹδҲƣôܸ֪ɽڵǳ飿ɽڵ󷨲Ʒô͡
֪ĸ򣿡ʵ
Ǹȵɽ巽򡣡
ȸһۣȻЦˣҲЦˣҹδԻȸ͵
Ǹطǲɽڵܿ⣬ɲɵأǸȵɽܿϣܿ󷨸ˣܿҲˡǿƬʱܵ𶯣˳ɽڽȼĶȥˣƶǿƬͨʯͷûз֡
ҹδԾϲǺпܵ顣ǰɽڵõǳƬ˲ãǵʱ䣬Ҳ򲻳ʲôҲͲ¶ˣҲôһʯͷ
ҹδǳҪȥˣɽ˵
ʦ棬ȥǸƬҵ飬һ˵
ãͷ죬δȥʡȥ̫࣬ɽڻɡ
ã
캬Цͷҹδ뿪Ǿ޷ǰҹδװΧǸ޷תȦһȦһȦΧΧвɽʿҲŵʿΪ͵Ҳǻ˴˵ʶҵ磬ľȻͬϣҹδܿǲɽڵĻ͵ԪҲˡ


775 һ
ɽֻһԪʮ꣬ûʿͻƵҲûͻƵԪ콲һܵͻʱɽһԪһŲʿоǸȰľ޷壬ҹδûȥװԶ۲ģڨ˲ࡣ
ҹδ밴ʶָǸǳѾܽˣʱһˬʵĴЦһӰȴһС
ѣξȷԶ
ҹδ밵һϳԷ˭ǴµĵԪʿҲΪϣռáҲ¶Цݵ
δȿ
ռҹδĿ˸һ£ҹСǸ
ţҹδ빰Ϊ񣺡ǰ
ռһ飺츳ò˰ǰˡҶСѾ˰ɣ
ţҹδͷԲ
˻
ռõһǾԶЩоȷʿҲһЩʲôˣ
ǴʿЩʿҲأȻҹδĻ
ҹδȻֵĴ࣬ÿγֶΪ䶯벻עⶼСУҹδ뻹һ󱲡ȴҹδѾǻԲ
⻹Ǻ
ѾвΪ綼ˡ
û˻ɣռɫ¶֮ɫܹһԪ¶֮ɫɼҹδΪֶô˲˼顣ҹδ뷴ǵ
ǰܳԾ
ռõɫЩȻЩʿҲ˶䣬аԾ͹ˣΪҲ̫ˣⶼԾѵͻƵԪǲųԾǸԾĻ
Ҳ´μ棬Ҿ͵Ԫˡ
ռȻɴ۾ҹδ룬Լе𾪡
ͻƵԪ
ҹδôɵ˵
ҹδ¶֮ɫ˭һԪ֮ϵأ
˻Ȼͬʱһݡ
԰˼һӦǿǻԪ֮ϡΪָҹδ룬㾡ԴͻƵԪӦáûʲôֵİɣ
ӦڣֻԻͣǱȻˡ
ǲ𰡣
ֳ˲õЦݣȴҹδʮ־塣û뵽ҹδ뻹ᣬһ죬ˡߴڵ֪ϢضΪ滹š
ⲻǷϻ
ûţҹδôͻƵ֮죿
һ£ְȫˡ
Żߴ֪滹ţû뵽ҹδ˾ؾˡ
ɵƯ
ʱռҲ˹ֻɫôȻǾ͹ϲҹˡ
ʱҹСˣֱҹˡȻ󻹲ĵ׷һ䣺
֪ǰҹҪͻƵԪ
ʲ˵˵Ƶʮɡ
ռòƿڴ⻹ʲ
Ҳû˼ˣ˼䣬ҴҸǡ͵͵ظҹδһĴָҹδҲ죬һߴڼʮꡣҲǿǳǰϢս˴ָС
͵һҲ˵Цˡ
ǳһֱеʹҹδܹһһһһڵĴУ첻и̾
ҹδ뻹͸ڵı
ϣǹȥɡˣϣ̽ȷ𣿡
ȷ塭˵ɫ͸¶һ˿ţ˵һȡ
ҹδоһݣѾͷ­ǴгҲ֪ⲻһĴȣһһͷ­һȣûеġѵǿˣ
ŷƣܸ߼Ҳʶ̽ڲˣ̽ʱСĵ
ҹδͷȷǰΧʿضҹδ͵ͷҹδҲͷȻ̽һʶ뵽ȷ֮ڡ
ֻ˲䣬оԼ뵽һƬѪ֮У֮ҹδ˲͸о˳ǳʮְ磬ҹδ붼оʼ㱡æж̽飬ɫֳһ˿԰ס
ǿѪҹδ벻ѿڶ
ǰͷǳȡѪǱ̫ӲʲôŪһ˿ȱڡԪˣҲС
ҹδĬĬͷȻֻһ˲о沢û˵ȲĴȡ
ѵĴȣ
ж
壿
С⾿ķʿΪʲôʿ
ԼⷽȴûУ
ϣⷽʷϣǰǿգ
֪ҪʲôҪǿǷиΪǿ磿


776 
ţҹδͷ
ӦУ̾Ϣһǲ֪ʷҲʿ̽ǿգеĻˣеԶûлǻʿҲûзָΪǿ磬ʿû
Ҳ̽ǿգǿʵ̫ˣһƬռţҲû̽鵽ʲô
ҹδ̧ͷգһŸΪǿ磬ΪǸͷ­ӭͷ­ײϣһ
ѵбϸ磿
ֵ͵͸ߵ磿
ſıϣ
ϣ̽ǿյʱ򣬾ûи֪ʲôռϣ
ûУ
ҹδ˼ѵҪΪﵽһ磬ܹ֪ϣ
̽ǿյʱӦûͻƵԪ֮ϣΪͻƻԪ֮ϵʱ򣬾ͱǱߣǲζţֻͻƵϵ磬ܹ֪ռϣ
ǿգȥΪǿ𣿡
ûУȥ磬ΪߵҲǻԪ
ûи֪ʲôϣ
ûУ
ҹδͷʵҲǻԪˡǣضиΪǿġ
δ룬ʲôʱһȥǿѰ¶Ӧҵġʶʵ
ȥǱһǱƬ֮Ǿȥ
ȥ
ҹδҲ⣬ȥǱ֮󣬱ȥǿաڵʵ֪ߴǱƬҲ޷ȡȥǿտ˵
ҹδϰ취η˸߿գȻĿȷ壬ʼռڸȷķơ
ΪͻƵԲֵʱ䳤˺ܶ࣬ȷ̫ˡҹδ뾹ȻûмֵȷеķƸòƿĿ⣬ʧܡ
Ϊȷ̫ԭ򣬶ΪȵӦñǸͷ­˾ߡԼֲס
ֻеԼͻƵԪˡ
δ룬û°ɣ쿴ҹδɫ԰ףɵĵʵ
û£ֻҪؿһȷķƣֳܲˡ
ֳź֪ҹδһԭҹδܴԼˡ
ǻȥɡҹδͷΪҹδӦĹҪϢҹδصҹС
δ룬ǣҹδɫ԰ףɹʵ
û£Ϣһ¾ͺãȷ۵ˡ
ϽϢ
ҹδҲûƴǣϥʼϢ첼˸󷨣Ȼҹδ¶ΪӦߴڵ˵˳˶ɴЦһֱĽҲ˲٣֪һڼʮڣߴڲỳѾ䡣
ʱҹδϢϣ۾ʦ棬ԸоǸȷ壬¼˾ˡǸȷ岻һܹоģ˵Ҫʮʮ˵о
˼ǣҹδ롣
Ǹȷ˾ǺϵǺϵ֮ϡԪһµʿûоıҪҾŻȫ뿪ĺá
ΪʲôЩǻԪоȷ壬Լܲܵõͻƺϵ
ҹδɫȻʦȴٳٲߴڵĻɣߴھͻỳɣ濴ȷ壬Ҳָ㣬Ҫоȷ塣ȻҲߴڵĻɣԻСһЩ
ҡ
ҹδ뿴һ۸ʦ棬Ҳʲô
ɫһ죬ҹδֵʦ治Ҫᣬֻһȣһδ塣ʵ϶ǰС
ֳΪ֮ɫҹδǳԪʣãҪȥֻһ·ǾͻơԣֻһϣҲҹδҲ̣Ȼ֪оҲʲôҲϻΪǶ˵;̾Ϣһ
ᣬ鲻ȫʦͰʦ棬ʦһ£Ҳλʦ
ãͷȻʦͷʦоȷš
ҹδͷֵõһǳ飬ȥں֮Ҳչһʱ䡣
˵һʦ棬ҲԲǳ
ҲǵԲҡͷǸǳҲֻܹ򵽻Ԫǳû֮ǰǶ˼ǧˡ
οǳӵкϵİӦܹ򡣵ǡ
ҹδˣдʱø˵Ӧ࣬ǳһǴһƬǿ֮£仰˵ڵ͵е챦ԪӦǵޡ


777 
˵ʵҹδЩʧԼֻһԪԶأ취ͻƻԪ˵ɡ
գһ뿪ɽڣɽԶͣ͵ɽſڣŸϵ
ߵ֣ǵľ绹ǵЩǸȷ̫˵ϣ˭ܹǸȷ壬ֻǰ֪ܷǰǰ
Ҫ󲻶ֻ࣬ǰһָһͨϵ֮·
ҡͷһֱڱչأԵŸĴ£ôһȥʦ֣ʦһ£ʲô
ˡԶ֡

ʿȥԶ̾ϢһԼôûΪ氡
ԶصȷǰԪ˹ֲ˽ƣԶԶҡͷĻתһ顣ԪҲ̾Ϣû˻ӦѾ䡣ٿڵ
ҲҪйλǰ콾ǲ硣λԪȴδؾǲˡ飬Ӵ˿𣬴ҲҪٲ˽ȸÿһ£˽Ҳܹҵһͨϵ֮·
ã
ˣ
ڡ
ȸȥҰֵȥˣҹδֱӻصԼĶǳںϣȻϥڱǰʼһֵ
ʱҹδ֪󷨱ʶһɨǴѶɽǳ߳һУץס˴ѶɽʶĶȻϵĶȥ
˰ֵĶϣȸڡȻ𣬶ôˣžûͻƵԪģ
ʩ֮ҹδʵûͻƵԪģ
ȸûкΪͻƶô򵥣˵ͻƾͻƣ
ҹδ벻ڨڨȸƵȻûͻƵԪģʿͻƵĵǲ١
ҹδ۾һж٣
ȸϴβסЦݣлѾ־ŸܵʮŸЩʿɶŵĵϵЩŸеʿ
ôࣿҹδ붼Щˡ
⻹Ƕ㵱ʱʿڶΧȡõĳɹЧҲˣҲЩˡ
˵ȸ۾һֿͻƵԪ˰ɣʱֿһӡϧǣͻ˻ͻƵԪһҪͻơ
ãҹδȻӦһµŵĻԪŵʵҲͽڴ£ˡ
ȸͷߴ⼸ʮҲͻƣ˵ĲԪŵʵڵġ
ҹδͷʦ棬ǻӹ£
ֵڵǸȷ飬һ磬ջǾҪȥɽڡ
ҹδѾԤϵ£ԼϣҲֻԵοֻʣһٶԪ
ͷλʦͺá
ֵҹδûзԣҲ΢΢һϾǰҹδ뵱δˡҹδ˸Ųһ¡
ġֵ˵øͳѩȥɽʮ꣬ʮǱޣţȥɽڡߴǷỳɣҲֻܹ
֪һķգܹҵϵ֮·űܹһݣ޷ա
ҹδͷû
˵滰ɣ
˵ٻɣԼ˵
δ룬ؼͻƵԪҾȥѰǳʱŷš˵ģҲңܹͻƵԪͻƵԪ֮ٳȥѰǳҲ١
꣬Լʣʱ䣬˵غд衣ҲڵԪźܴĸЧ
ȸҲЦ˵Һ͵ʦҲŰŰ㣬꣬Ű㡣
ҹδҲˣӦôָԼǱ붼顣⼸ʮԼܵģҲȷʵҪһʱ䣬һԼһߺͼλѧϰ֪ͼλһ𣬻õĿɲиָ㡣
ҹδɴͲԼĶˣߣҲһסͨ£ҹδ붼ڶۿǳ򣬵򣬻ЩԻʱ򣬱ҰֵѯʣǺͰֵд衣ʱȸ͵Ҳҹδд衣߼һ۵
ӦǸϺҹδһֱûȥãȻӦ׼ʱҹδȴ׼ͻƵԪ֮á


778 ƿ
ͳѩȥ˲ɽڣȸҲɳٵ̽ӣ̽ߴڣƺߴҲǰһо˲ȷϣûлӦ顣
һʱܿȥҹδоԭҪʱ䣬һ꣬ԼͿԳͻƵԪˡ
һʱ䣬ҹδĽۿɼġһǰͰֵд裬ֵΪѹڵԪ۷壬ͿŰҹδ룬ȴҪõԪ۷Ϊˡȸ͵͸ˡûлԪľ飬ûлԪʿҪҹδ룬ȸʹԪصΪ磬ʹԪԲľ硣
һ꣬ҹδڵԽӵĵӦֵ֣Ҳµͻơ
ԽԽǿѾǽ֮ʼ뽣֮С
ǻ֮
Ȼ뽣󣬻ֻţõĻ˵ٸҹδһʱ䣬ԪԲĴϣҹδ붼ǳѣ߲ˡ
пռĻҲ˻ľ磬ܸǿ
ĵƣµȵȣʵ
̫ƽ
Ӧ壬彮ûдַʿԡȻҲСƣдģսΪҲûоϵʿܵ˲ɽȥȷķˡˣܵ˳еĶ֡
ⷴγһַ٣ûиֳЩܵһµʿΪѣԼԣɱ
ҹδǺһԪԪԲɱ
ɱҹδɱ˵̬ȣɱ԰ֵԪԼôҲΣգһжƿڰֵСȸɱԱվŰֵҲ¡
ֺɱҹδɳ÷ǳ졣ְ󣬵ѾѹƲסҹδˣҲֻǺҹδƽ֡û֣ŰֵһߣҲ˾ǳһ㲫ɱˣ첻ҲҲѹƲסҹδ룬ʱƣҹδ뽥ؿʼռһ˿ϷˡҹδҲûлʤ۵һ̯˵ϡ
δ롣ڶԽԽˣܹͻƵԪĵϺܿͻͻƵԪԲʱʦѵ㼸꣬ԵԪԲҲ·ˡǸʱ򣬼֮عˣҲᱻˡ
ȸҲпһʱ䣬δ벻ͻƵԪҲŰˡǳ
ֲܹһѹһʱϧҵˡ
ֵϷûһ˿ϲãһȻҪע⣬һҪй¶ϢδͻƵԪﵽԪԲܹͻԪԲһǲŵ£ǴΣѡߴ֪Ѿ䣬֪δʵԲδȥΪһδͻƻԪǾһ棬һѹһʱˣߴڲ뿴ڶ
ȸ͵ȻȻǣ
ҹδҲصͷԼҪߴڣҲԲῴڶӦǰ𣬱ʧ̫ҲὫǸ˶ɱ
ʱְŹȥֵȸ͵ѵ꣬ԼҲǳ꣬ҹδԭԼӦÿԳͻˡȴһָоԼǲһ˿о
ڿԷ֥ʮɵİգһͻƵԪ룬룬ǰôˡͻƵԪˡ˵Ԫ۷ˡһֱûзʳ֥ԼȥΪľ֥ЧԼϣ˫ЧԼǳһָоֵЧԼӹ㲩;Լĵ̸ΪԼͻƻԪһЩ
ԣ˷ʳ֥ȥҰֵͰֵϸ˵һ顣ֵ˼õ
걻ѹùˣȥһɡҪȥѰǳ飬߾ȥѰңҲȥҪȥɣɽˮԼ׷ԴӼڣϵĵ̫ˣҲоȴһ˿˿ѹϡ
ȥɣطԼ
Ҫװİ磬ıĿһмȥԼ
ʲôȥʲô
ã
ҹδɴ뿪ˣֱ뿪˺ɽȥ
ȸҹδ뿪ıӰЩĵʦ壬Ῠɣ
Ѿͷδһ氡ֳֻɾԽƽҲԽ̡ԸܹƳƽ̤Ԫ
̫ҪɳˡǻŵʱԽԽˡ
δ룬ԣʵԣҲˣŵδһϡ


779 
ȸͷܹͻƵԪҾͿԽ֮λøˣҾͱͻƻԪ
ֵһ۵Ҳ룬µδ
ȸ죬ûֵ˼Ƭ̵ҲȷʵӦñչسһˣԪҲˡɣѡһܵΪʿɣǸʿΪڰ꣬ͿжΣȻѡһܵΪʿ
ȸɫһϲֵܵ᲻ᾳЩ
û£ֵֵΪΪҪҪǹŲǸʱҪôⲿѹڲҲûԴⲿܿɣڲŴԴѡһйƷԺõܵ
һ棬ߴڿһܵʿ˵Ӧ
ȸͷ
ҹδ뻺ţȥЩ̾һŵʱ䵹ʱ˺ܶࡣΧвʿʶ
ҹʦ㣡ͻȻӶ洫һ
ҹδ¶ЦݣӶһӣȴǡϵϢȣһǸոͻƣûдﵽĳ̶ȡ
ʦܣⶼܵˡ
ٺ١߹Цţõҩѵġ
ҹδ벢⣬Ϊһ˭ȱ˵ҩҲȱٵҩǵֲսֻҪͻƣӳԪǶŵס
ҹʦ㣬ʲôʱģҲȥĶߣȥĶ
ãҹδͷǵĶȥ
ǵıһ
ʦλŮ޽ҹʦ㣬ʶλҹʦ𣿡
ʶʦλҹʦ𾴰ҹʦ岻ʲôɣ
ˣλҹʦӦҹδ롣
ҹδʦ壿Ǽʮǰɱķߴɱ仨ˮλҹʦ壿
϶ǣʦô𾴣

ȻӹҹδǵĶ䣬ҹδȤ
ʦܣɱҴˣͨҵ𾴣ŵӲܹ
ǺҹδĹϵҲÿ֣˭ײβģ˵ŵˣҪһ涼ѡ
ҹδҡҡͷҲ¶ЦݡǵĶȡһ«
ľƣ㳢
ҹδƱһڣ۾һþƣƶڵԪʿЧһδЧľơ
ǵоģҸԪơ
Ȼݸҹδһָҹδӹɨһ£װһǧ̳ӡ
ôࣿ
ȡһݸҹδԪƵĲϣùˣŶˡƵķӣܹҵƷߵĲϴЩϡҾԪܹΪԪơ
ҹδ뿴һڵķӣԼûиƷʵģҪȥңϵĲ̫࣬ⷽģһġ
ҹʦ㣡Ľ㾭ܹɣ
ҹδɫ䣺ҲǾܹڱչء£
û£ǡҪܹһͺˡҲûб˼ǳ档
ҹδҡҡͷ˵ˣҶѼ־ĴʿչһΣ궼
˵Ҳǣҹʦλ£
ҹδҡͷϻȥ
ĿֳĽ֮ɫҲȥ
ͱˡҹδҡͷΨһһŵĴ󱦱Ҫ¶ŵĴʧߴҲη棬ȴδûаֵ顣
ǰʲôʱܹǰٹ⣿˵Ǿһ񣺡ؾͺˡǸʱӦþû˸ˣҲܹȥˡ
ҹδĬȻһҹδȥ
ûȥĵطŴʱ̫٣ǣԼȻûʲôѡԱֱ뿪ˡ뿪󷽷뿪ûиıòҲûзУ߳ɽţѡһȥ
Ȼߴڶڻżӵġ
ҹδ뿪Ϣܿʹߴڡߴڵĸ߲㼸ڲɽڡߴڵҲӵϢȴûᡣ
ô᣿
ڵҹδѾǻԲȥɱҹδ룬˭ȥ
ʲôģ
ҲֻеԪԲգһԪûʮɵİաѵЩԪȥ
ܵģЩԪʱ䣿
ȷء
οڸͳѩҲȷ뿪ض˵Ĺעҹδ£һỳ뿪ǸԪӦɲһˣԻԪȥɱҹδ룬С


780 ż
ԪûʮİգҵԪҲȥԼȷ岻˵һҹδˣǻԪӦǵԪͲˣ
ЩԪ˼ЩԪҲ֪ԾͲˡӦڣȷʵȥǰţüȥΧɱҹδ롣Ҳ±֪°ţͲ粻
ԣҹδ뻹յˣûһΣաΪʵֻҪԪԪûжγвʿһЩҹδ۸ٵģҲҹδ뷴ˡ
ҹδչǱޣȻȥһ磬Ѱǳ飬мʮ겻ˡԼûʶҹδ룬Ҳû˼ʲôҹδֲ¶Ϊû٣ͬһͽʿһ㡣
ڼҹδ;Ҳָ֯·ϼ̶ӣʱСӣһȺͽʿ̽żһ·ȻԴϵջ񣬵ǺҹδϵԴţһëϵջȴʮ־޴оԼԽԽɡ
·ԼѾȾ˳һ˿һ˿رԼãȻûͻƵԪȴԼڱһ˿һ˿ͨ͸ֵָ֪ȷģԼҵȷķʽȵԼõÿ飬ǸʱԼͻƵԪʱ
ԣҹδ͸ںԴϵջ񣬰˲֮á
һա
ҹδڿҰУһʿСһС޳УʿлһܵʣµҲ۶ѾںǿĶˡϵʿһһܵǶʵˡ
ǣʱСȴ᧿ΣҹδȻֽ˸ˡҲֻ¶ܵΪܵܵһ
ֵΪѹڵԪһŰҹδ룿
ǾͲĵԪǻԪװĵԪҹδȻҲܵڵãʿۡ
ҹδ߸˰޳໥һ£Ǹܵ˼һٶܵڡԵǵõһرͼҪȥ̽һżмҹδ֮Ǹͼ˳ҹδһȥ
ҹδ뿴ǸͼоͼģҲ£ͷӦʡ
ԣ˶߸ˡ
ֻ˶ҹδʮֺ棬ΪһѾȥ죬ûмҹδ
ÿɶҪģҹδȴֻ֦ϣǿա
ҹδ뿪֮󣬾ûҲûãѾǻԲҪľһԣҹδľǷɣſ飬һ˿˿øɾ
񣬽ף⣬ͬ䳾
ˡ
̲סˣ֮˼Ծ֦ҹδĶ
ҹʦ㣬ô
ѾԲ֮ڲ£ͻƵ
˼ˣΪҹδ˵Բ֮ܵԲһͻǾǴ˵еˡ
ҹʦ㣬һЩϵԻ֮𣿡˼Сʵ
⼸գҹδҲ˽⣬˶СʿҲһţҼߴŵʿҲָ㣬γҪһУ׷ɡȻҲ֮ǰĳޣͷ
а꼴Ե
˼ϲʿҲ׷Ծ֦ҹδ˼ָ㣬ȻҲԼԻ֮˵ҹδָ㡣
ҹδľ͵ָ̣ǣҪ̫ɡļ䣬ǻȻʡ
һ쿪ʼ˱㲻ʱҹδ̣ҲҪչأóһЩԴҹδ룬̵ķáֻЩҹδʵǿϣڰ֣ջȥ
ʱѾҹδضţȴҲû뵽ҹδǳ˴ţضǳǰĶš˲ŻῴǵĶЩƷԲйⲻȥ˼
ҹʦ㣬̽ż֣ʣµٸǡ
ҹδͷûоܾжЧĶȻ
߸˽˶ʮ죬һɽ˼ﲻʱóͼۿȻɽȥ
ҹδͻȻͣ˽ŲʦãͼĶõģ
˼ɫһ죺ġ
ҹδбоģĶģ
һڡôˣ
ҹδ벻ҡͷʧЧǹƺܶʿ֪żˡżӦò򵥡
˼۾һ˵żб


781 춯
Уһı
ıɫһ䡣
ԣҹδɫҲԼǻԲûܹвԼżżɲΪжߣ
ܹڹ򵽵ͼ˵˹ųġҿʿ˵Ǹ˷ųĵͼ١˵᲻ı
Ǹʲô˼ɫЩס
֪ѡһ̷أһǼôѡ񣿡
㲻һ𣿡
ҪȥսżȴҪҿ֮پ
˼Ǹ㣬ҪǾ͸ŽҪ뿪Ǿ͸뿪
ҹδʿʿҲ̵ͷҹδ΢΢һüͷ
Ҫ֪֮Ϊǲһġܹȥδغʽȥ
˼ֳƬ̵Ҳȥ
ã
ҹδ벻ǱķҲֻǽһ䣬ԷҲܡΣգ˳ֵĻȣ˳֣Ҳƴȥȡ
ÿ˶ԼѡȨȻѡ֮ҲҪӦĽ
߸ǰȥñ½ʿ˶õͼˣһ۵ķĿĵء
˰ʱ⣬㵽˻ƻʱ֡˸ϢһѶ಻Զ˴˶ܹȴҲû໥죬һȺˣĿĶѰžͽ䱸
ҹδߵΧ߸տʳһ߳ԣһġ
治ٰҼһ£Ҷһٶˡ
⻹ֻǽ죬ֻ˵Ŀĵأֶмǧˡ
᲻ûʲôżһı
ıʲô
˲ɿҹδ룬ҹδҡͷÿңҲ֪ǴʱԲ߾裬ֳԼΧ뿪
ţ֪
˶ҹδϢɣֵҹ
ҹʦ㡭
ҹδڰ֣Ҽ²˯û⣬˯ɡ
뵽ҹδΪ㲻һлȻ˯
ҹδɽ֪ӦõĿĵˡʱǸżǺܸȤȤǸı
ǺĿģ˻ɢôĵͼôˣ
ա
緹ǰСһٶˣֳʮСӣ໥֮ž룬ȥ;һЩʿ˴˽䱸ǰС
Լʱ֣Ŀĵء
һˮ峺ܹһۿסҲҹδʿûзʲô쳣ġҹδԲûзʲô쳣͸˵ʿˡѾզ
˭ôȱ£Ū磿
Ҳ˸ȴʵĴѰңҼÿ˶µ˺ףϸ̽顣ҹδҲ˺ף飬˺ŻƣЩƿȻͬʯȻһ㣬ҹδڷľͨͬص˰ϣվںߣʶȥ˺ÿһ䣬ʼоЩơ
ԽԽ֮࣬ǰЩƭ˵ʿҲû뿪վЩ˿׵ĻƲͬоҲ͸˴ڴ˻˭뿪
ҹδԽоԽǾȣΪвٵطԻ
ζʲô
ζķƣܿǳԽĴڣǷʥķ
зʥ
ûаɣ
ӦûУ
϶ûа
ҹδݵλַʥ֪ܲ
طֵоˡһʥķҲǰˣǶıأҲˡ
ҹδԭԼоϾԼһ񣬲ʲôռ䣬ǵȷһʥµĶ̱˿УĿףЩƸռڣȻһԼоһߵռֽ⡣
ΧԽԽˣҹδо֮࣬ҲʱʶɨˣڴܹҵʩıˣʼûҵߵʿʱѾˡ
˼˵ԾһֱҹδߣΪǾĶʲôذ
˵˺׵ķԼֲǿҹδоúͶ룬һֱҹδΧ𻤷Ρ
һա
о׷ƵҹδȻһݣΪ֪дĲΪעĸ֪ʮľ飬붼룬һץֳֻ֣ץס˼ˣѾڰ֮⡣
ȻǾͿʧˣһ֣档
ҹʦ㣬⡭ʲô


782 
ҹδҡҡͷ֪֪дĿռ䲨Աǳˡ
ǻ᲻ƽ˺׵ķ󣿡
Ƿ󣡡
ҹδҡͷȻҲܹ֪͡ԶҲھ硣ֻͷһȻоǿƣԿ첼ɣռ£Զ䡣󲻿ѷ֡
ȹȥ
һ߸ֻص˴ıԵҲͰסҹδ볢Խʶ̽룬׵ر̽ȥûиܡɫһ䡣
֮ڣݺոһʿЩʿڷеʿסˣǴ󲿷ʿȴסնɱ
ɱˣĿʲô
ɫһڵѪ㶼źˮȥȻ·׵ķաһ²⡣
ѪǼ׷ӣǸɢرͼˣĿı˹Щ˵Ѫ
ǣԼûоǸôо
ѵǸһصķʥ
ȫܣ
˵Ǹ˱ضõĲرͼرͼӦŽܡ
Ǹ˭
ʶΧӿȥΪ磬ʶܹǺԶȴûз˼ֽʶջأ̽뵽֮С
ʱѾ˼ǧˣʱǴѾ˼ǧˣʣ¼ǧڷֵĹʱ򣬺ˮȻˣͬһ롣ͬʱǴҲֹͣתľسҹδ˵ǰ

˼Ｘ˲ɷҹδҲüͷΪЩɱˣ˾ѪøɱʣµļǧʿһĽţηӣ׷ԶԭֵĿռ䣬ȻĿ˺ߡ
ѾΪһѪȴڷнر峺ƽͬԭһ㡣ǵϻżǧ˵ʬ壬·ûзŵĲ¡
ܾģ˶ס˺ŷŵĽѵʱû˸һҹδʶɨˣǸıһЩ˵Уֻαװ÷ǳãȻҲҹδҲѰҡźȥ˼ԥһ£Ǹ˺档µļǧȴûжǹע߸ˡ
ҹδٴ˺ߣͷźȥˮѾ峺ȴ΢΢һüͷӾУƺûʲô仯
ţ
ҹδĿһĺһ̲ˮգں׾Ȼܹһ̲ˮյĶⲻܲ˵ǳŹ֡ҹδɫһ䣬̲ˮ棬źɫӿ
ʱһʿҹδ˵Ҳû£һظȻҲһ̲ˮգˮĺɫ
ǺɫʼӿȻһ̲ˮգ뵽ˮУ峺ĺˮܿͱȾīɫҹδɫ䣬ᵽħϢħϢ̫ϤˡΪķڶھħͺһ
ˣ
ҹδźȥ˼˱ܵظҹδˡҲʿ̺ˣŲٵʿûкˡǺѾˡħӺˮӿ˳ӣЩʿû
һӱûٸʿЩʿȻϢûǵĺҹδʶ˲˳ȥЩʿһ˺Ȼ̲Ѫգʧ̲Ѫ֮С
ʲô˼ﾪʵ
ħ
ҹδħӰ˵ǣţ
ʶ׽һʿǸʿϷһȵĹâħ̲ˮ֮С
Ǹ˾Ӧıˡ
ҹδ룬ȡһƬѸٵصһƣȻԼϣȻʵǻҪȥ𣿡
˼ﶢҹδϵƬܹħȥ
ʱҲзʦʼЩʿЩʦҲʿҹδ
ҹδҲûоܾر˵ѡ񡣵Ȼշѿ϶Ҫշѵģһˡҹδ߸˲ź֮ȥʱħһڼӡıһĻħ档
߸˺ܿ˺ߣҲûԥ˺ߣ̲ˮȥȻоһգûˮ˵ϣһع̧ͷȥͷϵĵعһ̲͸ˮգʱħԴԴϵӿ̲Ѫա
ΧûˣֻŹĵħҹδĿɨܣ㿴ǰԶһʯٲߵʯǰʯϿ֣֮˵ʵҹδ뻹Щɵ


783 
ʯϽ鲻֪ʲôģҹδĸоټǰΪû˵£е˹ֶû˵
˵һħֶˣǸʱ˶֮Ϊħħʮ׺ʵǿݺǸʱûĶ֡ܣΧɱΣˣ˲ٴܡΪǸʱһƽ١
Ҳ֪ħʲôԭͻȻʧˡ
ʧˣԭһ£ǸʱĴȴǲģĴѰҵħӵĵط
·
ħһħ
ʮ˸ԪʿɱħȴħնɱʣµʮҲҲǶ֣ӳ˵ħֵǣħû׷ɱʮʿһϸɱḶ́ħƺЩ֮ǰһˡƺ֮ǰӵı꣬еʧȥơ
ҪħˣΪֻ֪ɱ¾Ŀˡ
ʮ˲ȷԼĲ²⣬ǲľս˳ħĺƽٿɾˡ
ûܹ赲ħ
˵ķʥٴν뵽˵ħȴû룬ΪǸոսħʹħ֪ηϢҴʯˣҪħͷųȻ˳˵ħںײһʥķӡ׽ħӡ
ˣħħҲܳƷӡҲǽһƽ١
ҹδվʯǰ˼⻹ˣŨħӦǸʼû߳ӡ
ǣͼĶ
ҹδ̧ͷϸĹ۲ϷѾΧгʴˡ
ħӦڱӡ֮󣬱֪Լħӡˣʦƽⲻ˷ӡһֱħʴӦʴһ϶Ȼֺٽ϶󣬻Ƿ϶ܿ޸ſ̻һͼҸ֪ƽӡħ·ͳ˷ӡ
ҹδЩӲʮ˸Ԫ򲻹ħˡⲻ
ԣ
ħڣԼΪʲôû¶
ѵħѾˣ
Ҳԣ
ħѾˣЩأ
ҹδվ˼˼ҲˡҹδҲ벻ף벻׾Ͳ룬ֻҪͿˡ
˳
ȻҹδоԼԺ󶼻ڡ˼˵
Ҫ⡣
ȻҹδԽʯǰСȥߵúһ۵ĳУĽŲ֪˼˸˺棬Ҳûᡣÿ˶Լѡ
͡
ĺɫҹδϮҹδһǰһץ
пռ䣡
Ȼпռ飬ЩɫĴֽʵ÷顣ҹδǰУ״ħɱЩħԴԴϣʶӳȥ֮ԶԶϣΪԼЩħΪħ֮Щħֻ۶ɸָħ
ҹδ뻳ɺ;ǣЩħﲢǿȻڶòʹųܣǿħôô
һиǿħ
ǸħԼ
Ȼ󡭡
Ϳ˷ŽЩʿѾȫʧȥǣҹδ˳ҹδ׵ɱһ·ǱУͣһŴŵĴſڡ
ҹδĿ⼫Ⱦ裬ΪӾǸ֪ھȻûһ˿ħһ˰ʥࡣ
ôܣ
ħħ
˼Ҳ״һҲ
ûá
ҹδ׷ٸжսһ񼶱ķ̨̤ס
̤̤̤
Ųڿռŵĵعҹδ̤һ̨ףվ˴ſڣȥ˼վԭûж
ҹδĿһһ˿죬һ꣬˵껹е󣬴ԼҲֻʮģڴ룬ʱҲҹδ룬ĿЩͣЩ¡
ҹδƬ̣߽˴ȻͣĿŴɨӣȻֲģʶ˳ȥŹκһ䣬ֲû˿ΣգջʶĿٴǸꡣǸ껹֮ǰɫͬһһҹδ롣
̤̤̤
ҹδǸȥʱҲ˽ŲûĴ˼Ҳ˽ȻǾͲؿҹδʱһĶ棬˭Ҳ˵ֻǻš
˼˶һۣжֳȻ֮ɫ
겻ǽʿʿûôСģ˵һֱڵعеˡ
ѵħ


784 ħ
ܰɣ
ħôС
˭
ҹδʱȴȷǰˡ
ΪʲôħôСʶϻͯ֡ħЩֵ
ǡ
ҹδ뻷ܡ
ûһ˿ħʵڶûһ˿ħ⼸ʮ׵ķΧ֮ڣƺħȻų⡣ҲûħһʥϢ
ǣҹδ͸оЩһǰЩ꣬ƺ޺ҹδܹоһֱܵв
Ϊʲô
ҹδ볢ŽʶǸ꣬ǸûʲôӦȻҹδ뽫ʶ̽Ǹڡ
𡭡
·ħǸڣ֪ҹδʶҹδ뷢ŭҹδʶɡ
ȴһʥ赲ħ˵ħǳǿ󣬵ʥͷȻСȴΪ͡
ҹδֳ˼֮ɫȻ۾Ծ⡣
ѵħۣ
ĸһֱ׷ľ磿
ʼʯϵĽʧصļӦħҲʶԼ⣬Ϊһֻ֪ɱ¾ʬ⣬ҪӵԼǻۣԲŽ˵ħҪħħۡȴʿѰ˹ձӡ
ҹδԺзɿ˼
ħӡȻħۣӦòںӡⲻҪĽ
û˴š
ǡΪʲôֳħϮӡͳȥ˵ͼƷӡķ
ӦǡУħһռϷ磬˵ħħŻħϮӡ鷢ħڷħУҲһ˿ǣ˿ǣ׳
ۣ
ҹδĿĹˣҲֻۣܹΧħûħħϵжϡˣԼЩħŻ᲻ǿԼӦòǶ֡
ǡ
ǿħûбȫ𣬶Ǳӡڣħ۲ûȫĽڡ
ԣ
ǽڣ
ħۣնħҲħǽħ۱Ǵħڵӡ
ӦѾѿȴû׳󣬻ħѹ֮Уǰꡭħ
ҲΪħͻ۵Ľ֯ħڱЩ磬ƺЩ
ҡʵЩ

ûʵ
ҹδоԼڿԺ׵ɱǰħұ֤Լɱ꣬᲻ֱͷųڵħ
ųһǿħ
ħ۰
ĸһֱ׷ģҲǽĸΨһ
ҹδһħĸĸ֪ħ᲻ĸа
϶а
ǽۿħ۵Ĺ̡
ǡħߣ
ߣ
ҹδ˲ʹ⣬ǣסǸ֣վǸҲվ
ҹʦ㡭˼
ҹδ뿴һۣڿһѵĶǣһӵʱ䣬Ȼһ뿪
ҹʦ㣬Ҫ뿪𣿡
ţ
ǡܿħ
֪
ڼž˼˿ҹδ룬ϵļ㲻Ϊֹˡ򲻹ҹδ롣˴˽һ񣬱Ѹٵڴһ֮ҹδǣħ֣߳˴
ҹδĿؿħΪħ֮Щħȴ·𿴵˿ֲĶ
ҹδħ뿪ˣ˺棬ħֱӷߡڵٶȣºѾһİ׻۹ĵ۶
Ȼз˽ǣΪûеȵĸ磬ѾˣҲûпĸ硣ħս˷ŽľӪȥ
վסӪǰʿγ˱ҹδȡ
ҹδȻԼƣһʿѹƵûӲܶŲͣߵǰȡ׷ѩ͸Լƣջѹ
ҪĽ
ʮʿоԼָ֮ſ־壬Ҳŷŭǵǿҹδе֮󣬷ŭûˣֻʣ˿־塣ǸΪ׵ʿʩ
Եȡ
ȻѾӾܣǾӪ÷ɣھͷˡ
ɵӣǿǻʵ۵ƣͬʵۡ
ܿ죬һʿʹˡԶʹҹδ룬ȴʶߵҹδǰʩ
λγƺ
ҹδ룡
ҹδ룿
ǽ˼һ£Ȼ۾ѧԺҹʦ
ǣ
ǽбֳ֮ɫ۹һλʦΪʲôллʵ۱µƣ
ɷҿƣ
ҹδ㽫Ƶ˹ȥǽϸһ飬ȷʵǱµơûлƵԴ¿ǻԪʿ²˭ɣ


785 ۰Ժħ
ؽƻҹδ룺ҹʦ֪
۰ԡ
ǽɫһ䣺Ѻ۰ǣ
ĸ硣
Ҳûƴ𣬶ǵ
˲žӪȥǽֹҹδѾģĸûҲԼȥ֮࣬ҪŸֵҩܹκáʵ
ĸǲǳˣ
ţ
ʲô¶
ĬƬ̣ħˡ
ħҹδһ
ţҲһǰ۰ͻȻħˡɱʮˣձˡ˵ʵ۰ԲǱԷģҾɱְɱˡ񱻹Ѻڵ档Ҵȥ
ҹδĳȥħˣɲð졣
˽뵽Σҹδ뿴۰ԡ˫ֺ˫ŶסⲻͨǷӡķƣӡ۰ԵΪҹδĵ׾͸ֳɱ⣬Ϊʱ۰Աˣҿ˿ڶµģܶ˿һǼΪŰġ
ĸ磡ҹδվ۰Եǰ
۰ԺǺǵؽţǻǵĿҹδ֮һ
δ룡
ҹδĿϣͣ͵ķơǷƶҹδ˵̫ˡ̧һָƵĽڵ㡣촷ۡ
ҹʦǽ󿴵۰Բûбֱֳͣһ˿ɫ
Ǻǡ۰Եɤɷͺ
ĸ磬˭Ű㣬ȥɱ
۰ԵĿһˣǸεһʿʱʿɫ԰ףżǸ

ҹʦ۰ɱĸ磬㿴
ҹδޱ飬һŰ۰Եķŭһã۰Ա𣬿еķŭ۰ԼħòΪԼĵָһѣͻʧǸͷŰ۰ԵԭģҲ
̤̤
۰ǸͷȥǸ̾ϢһҹʦҺұ롭
λɱͷ֮һ۰ȥɽʵ۱£ҲԸšֹҲᶯֳ֡ӣҪ㸺𡣡
ҹδԣҹδҲҪ֣ûе¡ԼһԪѵҹδ룿
˵ҹδҲһɣ
ǣҹδűµơҳŵ۰ȥ¡һʾԼˡǸͷҡͷܣȴ۰ԵĴһץסԴ
飡
һԴͱ۰Ըˡ
ҹδܽţһֱע۰ԣ۰תҹδ룬¶һ˿ᣬҹδ
ĸ磬ߡҹδȥ۰Ը߳˵Ρҹδ뿴Ž
Ƿһȥɽ
̾ϢһҰһ£ȸǰһס۰˰ɡ
Ҳã
۰Ե״̬ܲȶǱʶУҹδҪҹδߣûħҲʱħÿʱҹδͲϵغ۰죬֮ǰСʱ飬ž䣬Ȼ
ʱ۰ԻֿЦʱֻƽʱ˼ҹδ˵ǣ۰ħĴԽԽˡ
ҹδ۰ԣһӽڽɽɽһ̣λ·ĽһԭжٻЩɣҹδǷʶ£Ȼˡ˶ҹδҲء
һⶼȥ˼꣬׷ѩҹδܸˡ֪۰Ժҹδ֮󣬰׷ѩҲûжٳԾϾ۰ԵͲ
ҹδɽûдãǸͷ­оûʲôչҹδ˽˼죬ȥҲ֪ҹδҪ۰ԣҲûҪһ˱ǣҹδܾˡ
뿪ɽҹδӷڽħ˳ħһͺ۰Զӣ̶ߵ۰ԵԣһֻСס۰ԵĴ֣۰Ҳ·һ㣬¶еЦݡֻҹδһ̾
˶ħ֣Ҳ֪һ𣬻õЧһʰ
ҹδҲ˺ܾõľĲ
ħҲãĸҲգ˶߳һħ۵·ʣĿǰΪֹ˶ʧܵģûʧܣҲûгɹõķ룬ڳɹ·ϡҲ˷һ𣬻ĺý
ʵϽǳˣû֪
۰ԺħӰ룬ż˵ЩʲôҹδҲһעȴȫȴ֪Ҳһֻ֣ǹħĲ֡


786 Ÿо
˲˼Ľǲ֪ʲôͻȻдʱ˵仰ʱ˵֣ʱ˵һ֡Ȼ˾ĬĬزƺ˼ƺǷ
ҹδھһչ˺һһСˣһǹ۲˵״̬˵ĶԻȻԼ
ħҲҹδ벢ԼܹһЩ
ѧԺ
ҹδԼļӣԺʦ
һˣҪԼĵӣҲָһҹδΪѾǻԲѧԺβӣ
һͻƵԪǱǸ߲ʿˣϾⷽ磬ֻԪʿԭȰ˵ҹδѧԺҹδȥѾ
Ҳֻи̾Ҳ´μʱҹδѾǵԪˡ
˲жȥ
ʵϣԭҹδ׼ѧԺģҪһطǺѧԺ̫ˣҹδѧԺҲˣÿݷõ˾Ͳ١ԣҹδѡһСǣСɽ嶼ԡ
¹ȥҹδ԰ǡ
԰۹Ľڣһ͵ĳǳءΪһ԰
ҹδ԰ǹһɽׯס
ɽׯСҹδҲûˣûйūֻ͡˾סɽׯҲû˴һ£͸һ˥֮ɫ
ҹδÿ춼ڹ۲۰ԺħѾħ塭
ô򵥡
ħһħ塣۰Դ֮һħ塣
ҹδ뾡ƽÿƽ顣
ʲôƽ飿
ҹδÿ춼۰ԺħԼ֣һɽׯڿһأЩ߲ˣ۰Ժħ˵رħ۰Իмģħ·û˼䣬һŰֽļڵħҹδ뿪ʼʱ۾ΧһС
ҹδҲʱ԰ߣħ·ûмôˣôĽһ˫۾
ҲӲҹδ˭ΪʲôΪʲôһҪֵغ͸ҹδ
ڳԷʱ򣬺о
ҹδ붼ûʲôҹδ֮䣬ǳĬǺ۰ԣż˵仰
ħҹδĸо֣İҲΡʱţŽӴ˺࣬ҲһЩʣҹδĸоЩ֣ҲЩ⡣ҹδ벢ʶҹδΪʲôôչ
ط֣ҹδ뿴ĿرҹδĿпһ˿ɵȻǳǸ֪ˡ֣ҹδԼСʲôɵģ
ܹоҲܹҹδϸģȻҲ۰ԸɻأΪʲôõ·Ӷ԰õģ·ҲҹδġһͣҲҹδġ
ζܺá
Ǳʶһ֣ǾơǲϲƺŸԼϲĵط
ǣֲ֪
ܹ֪һ
һա
ħڹҹ㡣
ţ
Ҳ
ҹδĿһΪʲô
ȥһط
ʲôط
֪ܹ֪򡣡
ҹδвһѵħԼһˣĳһ磬Ǹģ
ѵ֪ⷽµĵطĳ֮أ
ҹδ뵱ϵãվ̡
ա
ٴ̣ħĸоߡ
ħԿʼ˱仯Ҳؿʼҹδ˵ֻǻɲࡣ
۰ԵǺҹδĻʼ˵۰ڽذħҹδ벻֪Ǻ£ǻ¡
ħ᲻Ͳħˣ
һħۣ۰ڵ״תãվǲ᳹װħġ
ҹδҲûʲôð취ֻܹ˳Ȼ
һ·ϣҹδ߹˲ԼĹң۰ԺħرħӴһЩ磬ҹδҲݷһЩѧԺѡ
ҹδɲǵĸͽǸ׶ˡڵҹδǳ
οҹδΪҲԭΪˣҹδҲûбҪԼΪ¶ԲΪΪѾϵȹΪһˣϵС绹Ҫȹǿ
ԣһ·ϣҹδ붼ĹߵĹдÿһ㡣
أҹδԶȺסĵ򣬿ʼ뵽


787 ޳
Ĵ֣Ϊʪ
ܹħ˷۰Զ˷ܵ
Ϊʲô
ҹδ뿪ʼϸ֪ȻоԼӦʲôΪ֪һ˿˿ħ
ԣ
ħħ
ħܹģħǿֻܹ֪ġ
ҹδħˣħ̫ϤˣֻҪ΢ϸܹ֪
ħ֪ľħôǰħĵطħĳ
УǸطΪʲôħ
ʱһȥ˶ǲУûзɡܹظоħԽԽأԽԽŨ
ǰһƵɽ
˵˸ɽ·ȥǺƲ㡣Ȼ˱ɽȥ˺Ʋ֮ҹδ۾𾪵档
һΰľ޳ǡ
ҹδ˦˦ͷȥܶɽûе·ôὨһ޳ǣ
ҹδһȥһ۰ԣ۰Ҫħ
۰ԵЩû̫ҹδ΢ģȥħʱħȴɫƽЩֻͣĴͣƺڻʲô
˼ߣ޳ǵĳǰ
߽˾޳ǣ㿴ҹδһʮֲʵĸо
һµɽôôһ޳ǣ
Ҿ޳ڻôˣ
ҹδ˽Ųħ
زҲֻиħħĸоС
ħھ޳ƣͣһǰ
ҹδһʮͨĽ㣬ԺҲ󡣺;޳ͨЩͼ
ħ̨ףƿԺţȻ˽ȥҹδ۰Ҳħֱ˷ţƿ˷˽ȥͨ¥¥ȥ
ſ֨֨ľ¥˶¥λãһΣһϣһ顣ʱ̧ͷĿ鱾Ƶ˵ϣȻĿħϡ¶΢Ц
ˡ
һˣħͷҲǵΪʲôص
ڳڶסһʱ䣬ġ
Ŀת۰ԣͷһӡסû¶ȥߣھͿԳȥߡ
ã
ħܸɴĴӦȻ۰ԵĴ־ȥҹδҲתȴ洫Ǹ˵
λǿ̸̸
ҹδͣתǸ˵ǰҹδһǰ˷ֱ裬Ȼҹδ뵹һ
ܸ˵˵ī¥𣿡
ҹδͷûȥ˵˳úħ񣬼һģӣֻһֻʮ꣬һˡҹδ㽫ħĹ̺ʹħĹ˵һ顣綼ûˡ
֮ĬȻáȻҹδΪлī¥㼸仰ɡ
뽲
ʶ⣬ֻľԳԪˡ
ҹδͷǰ˵òֻܾòһҶ򲻹𣿡
һ㲻ǲڶ򲻹ҹѾԶʤԪҹսڵԪɣ
ܹȵԪԲ
Ҳʲôطѵľ
ԣ¶֮ɫľǺйϵ䲻ɣ𣿡
ҹδ룺Ӧøչ
Ͷˣ̫С㾭ḻĻ˵ľ̫ࡣ
壬ʶڶ򣬶Ϊ츳ʱ䣬׷ϣԽʿΨľҪʱĻۺͳ㾭ϲ󱯣ľʵķԾǣӦûС
ҹδ˼˵ֳ֮ɫУӦںСʱ򣬶ǸʱľѾڰͻƵԪĹˣ֧ͻƵԪ硣
ҹδȻʣɵͷ
ӦΣ
ûȡɵİ취Ψʱڶߣסһʱ䣬Ӧܹʱ䣬̶ܹ٣ҲԼ
ҹδٶȵͷǣҾ͵ߣлǰָ㡣
ؿҸĻرסԼһ䡣
ãлǰ
ҹδ뿪ˣ߳Ժ䣬ھ޳ţŸָˣʿҲͨˡҹδǣʿͨദķǳáʿûΪԼʿ۸ͨˣͨҲûΪԼûʿϥ


788 ħ
ֱһѵõ͵硣
Ҳ͵磬ҹδоЩ١
ô磿
ҹδ붨ÿִ߽͸졣Ǽ۰ԺħԼͬ
˲ȥˣҴһҹδȥ˾͸ϥڵذϣ۾·˱չ֮С
ҹδԥһջûдˣԼһ˼Լִ߽ȥ˽޳Ǻ޳ڵˡ
޳̫ˣҹδоԼûи꣬䲻ꡣҲԪʱ䲻ʲô
۰ԺħܳĬһֱҹδҲԺһ죬ȴû˿򣬱ֳȥˡ뵽УʱҲǸġǸ˷ǳѧҹδľżĴٽá
һա
ţ˶ҹδǲʲôʣ
ǣҹδʵͷ
˵˵
ҹδ˼һµ;УԽӽǣԽоħŨǽ뵽֮ȴҲоһ˿ħ뿪ǣ߳⣬ܹоħ½ָо
ǰΪʲô
ŵغһڲֻΪڳаˡ
ҹδЩԻʵħʲô
ҹδ룺Ӧʿĸɡ
룬ΪĻܵĽܵӰ죬ħ˸һֱħ磬ܵĽܵӰ춼ħôʿ᲻ΪħΪħ
ҹδγ˼ʱеյͷͬǰ˵еҽħҲһǲɷϵǣħʧȥǣֻ֪ɱ¾Ŀܡ
ⲻ𣿡ʵ
𣿡ҹδ뷴ʵ
˴ӳʼıʲô
š
ôܻţ
ԣûʲôԥġ
ɱ¾𣿳ӤûܵЩҲûеЩӰ졣ҪԣԾҪɱ¾
ǱܣҲħҲ˵˴ӳħӽ̥һ̾ħ̥ڳƱܣ˵ѹƱܣ˵ıܱȵѹƣȻȥ˱߱һ˼롣
ңǲζ˵ıǴģҪѹƣ
˵˵ıǴģ㲻Ӧ÷ϣܾ˵ıʣôҲ˵˵ıʾħ
ôңӦ˳Ӧ˵ıܣӦѹ˵ıܣ
޵߲˵취أط죬Ȼ
ȻȻôѵӦ˳Ӧ
Ȼ˳Ӧܣôħǲǲͳܵ˼Ǵģ
ҹδЩˡ˵߼ܣƺû˵˼˰죬ҹδŵ
ǰ˼ǣԱ񣿡
˵Ҳֻˣ˵ˣŻὫԷΪƶ񡣵ҿֻбܡ
ֱܣ˶ֻ֪ɱ¾ҳʲôӣ
ҳʲôӣǺǡңһɻ򡣡
򣿡
ȻǾͲ˵壬ޣ֮ġֻ˵ҰޡҰǿûǻ۵ġֻбܣϰɣ
ǣҳϡ
Ұ޾ǿűţǵΨһĿľǻţܹŵֶξǳԡ
ôԣ
Ȼɱ¾ɱ¾ѾڵúʷһƾãҰε

ġ
ǿΪ

㿴ҰΣҰޱԵ
ûУ
˵һ
ԣ˵ǵǴģǺѡǸϴġҲΪʲô嵽ĿǰΪֹԪѾǼޡΪǴġһѹԼ壬ǲͻƼ޵ġ
ͷңͷűܣ;ܹͻƼޡ
ҹδĸˡǰ޵ԣն̫顣նȥһ飬һйҰǷ;
˵Ķնȥˣǻ𣿡
ҹδֳĬˣȻʩ񣺡Щң˼
ȥɣ
ҹδ뿪ˣľ޳СԺлط˵һ£ҹδ붼ûȥǸ죬ھ޳Уȥħ۰ԵķһǻصԼķ侲
ƽعȥһꡣ
ҹδһЩ򣬵Ǹȴһã
һա
Լ侲ҹδ룬ͻȻоħ
ҹδȻվ𣬴Ҵ߳䣬ϵˣĿħķ䣬¶ڴЦݡ


789 
Цҹδһݣħķſڣƿ˷ţһ˽ȥ۰ԺħɶϥڷĵذϡħΧȴħơƺʲôڸա
ǰҹδͷˡ
º͵Цû£ֻڱܸա
ܸգ
ҹδнŵ˼㡣
ܸգ˵ħҪˣ
˻˻˻
ħڷ˻˻ɫӵİף˫Խӵĺڡڵնѹֶ
ĸ磡
ҹδֳ˽֮ɫ۰ԵҲʼħ·ʲôȻھѡ
̤̤̤
ҹδ˽ŲȻתͷȥһ
壿
ߵھӣҹδ졣ʱȴŹЦݣ߽˷䣬ħȥֱ߽ħ塣
ǵģ
ͷ·õһ㣬߽ħ塣߽ħһɲǣҹδظ֪ħڵȻǿһ˿
ħ˫Ŀ⴩ſڣϵˡ˵ڿײ
ʱҹδԺлһƬ
塭Ȼ߽ħڡ
಻һ
岻ˣʲô
ֻһͷ
Ȼˣ޳ڵ˶һͷԼȻͷЩͷˣжǿ
һжԼ²ģͷ˱ضǰˡ
˾Ȼǿ󣬿ѾԪԲ˰ɣ
޳ǻ᲻ᶼͷ
ˡڿڡ
ħͷһˡ
վΣҹδ߹ȥ
ʧˡ
ҲʧܣЩ򡣴

ħЦЦʮ䣬ЦԵò⣺ҵָһħٰɻͺá
˰ڰֵҲָһħҷָһħ
ɣ
ħνҡҡͷȻ㻯һ˹ȥҲΪһƳħڰо໥ɡ
ҹδӷ߳Ƭ໥۾ſԼ飬ʼ֪ħ
۾ҡͷ̾Ϣһ
ħ̫ǿˣԼȻӦʲôֻܹӦħǿ
ҹδ΢΢һüͷĿĹˣΧһпʼõŤ
ǽڣ棬ҾߵȵȣһжòʵŤżָֻԭ״ȻпʼŤҹδ벻
ȶħռţŤħռ𣿡
֮
ƬƱһƬһƬŵкħģ
꣬Ҳ꣬һꡣ
ҹδ뿴ĸ
ħȻЦ˭ҪҪǣħ
ҹδȥҹδҪʲô
ħĿԽҹδļ˷ڵ۰ԣ۰һܺõϡ

ҹδüëһ֮ˣ뵽һ죬üıкһ룬۳һħһץ
пռ䣡
ǡ
һлû꣬ħ㻯һƣҹδк۰Եڡ
ĸ磡ҹδ뺧Ȼת
ڡ
۰ϥϵļ⿪ʼŤҹδΧ۰ת֪Ǻã治֪ܹ۰Եæ
գֻܹε۰Եǰ۰ԡپᣬ۰ıħˣô죿
ô죿
ǸʱԼ϶ħĶ֣Լѡ
һڳħ۰ļҡɴɱ۰ԣҲħһɱˡһԼ뿪˻ŻᱣסԼ
ǵѡ񣬵һҹδҲ
ţ
۰Ե忪ʼԽԽҹδо˹ȻЩдһ𳪡
ǡĸķǷھħħ
䡭
۰ͬһ̫һ㣬â䣬ϣһߣ˷ԡֻһ˲䣬Ȼͱһħ֡
۰Աˣ
ҹδҡ
ţ
â̧ͷȥǱƳķ⣬һ˿˿мۣջ۳һţȻǸͬһ۰Եڡâʧ
ҹδŵض۰ԣ۰Ի˫ۣҹδ롣ҹδ嶼˵
˭
۰վ׶ߵ壬ҹδ˺ܴѹ


790 
ҡ۰Գһ£۰Ժħĺɡ
壿ҹδϳ˲š۰Եľ磬ħĶ֣
۰ЦЦδ룬ڵڴһ΢ƽ⡣Ȼҵľ粻ħǷܲȴħĿǡҺħȺһ֮⣬ȴҵǡ
ô˵أ
ں˵ң۰ԡȴħռλħҪռλ׵ؽѹȥҪҺ˵
˵ʲô
ڵҵĸоǣħǷܲһͺӡ֣ѿҲħֱۡͨħҲҪۿ̡սΣ壬ħħ֮Ҳ֪
ӡ
ҸöɽˣҴȥ
ʱҹδŷ۰Իˡ
⡭ôͻȻ𣿡
ҹδ۰˳ȥֱ߳˳ţҹδͷȥֳ֮ɫ
ﻹʲô޳ǣ
һ޴ʬ壬˵ϣҹδ۰ԾǴǸʬĿ˳
ħ塣֮ǰħħħħħ۰ںһȴһ壬۰Ե塣
ǽ۰ħ壬ħ۰Ե壿
ҹδ۰ԵĿǺ͵ġ
յĽѾʼۡ
䡭
۰ԿʼɽˡԶԶվŹۿҹδֳ֮ɫ
ǵĲ۰ܷɽٳɹ۰Ե˽⡣ıͶȣֵܽǿģûеɲȥĵǣ۰ڶɽٵʱԶħǾ޴ʬ塣
Ӧһֱܡ
ô۰Եģħģ
۰Ҳ̹ԣħһ΢ƽ⣬յĽȴֻܹһ
ҹδ۰ԣȴû˿İ취־ƳҹδΧ
ɽ֮󣬹Ȼ۰Եû˿⡣ҹδָ۰ԴǾ߾޴ʬ˽ȥοħҲһ޳ǵģҹδ۰ϥȻħ۶ȥħЩħħɢȥģ޳ǶħҪջ
ҹδ뾲ڲԶ۰ԡ
Χľ󲻶ϵ˸һ־޳ǵģ޳ˣЩɫݵ۰ȥӵ۰ԣ۰ԡһ޳ȫʧֻħ罭뺣һ۰ԡ
ҹδ֪۰ԣ֮С
һ죬죬졭
ҴһȥҹδվħĿ߳ȻħĶͷϣǿգͬһһȥҹδ̧һָſдȥ
ϣ
һƴ̷ָ򣬿ռ䶼ѿһ϶ǿձֱӶȥ

ҹδ³һ˸ϲ
һֱڽԼֽ϶ΪһҲǽƣ֣ǻǺӺº϶ΪһⶼʮȥˣȡһЩЧƺֽ϶ΪһһѿռܣǺ϶ΪһЧ
ȡʲô֣
ҹδͷ롣
ˡ
ûȫһֻǽһʱһɡ
ȻҹδĿֳ˼֮ɫεںϳɹǵ֮ǰ۰ԣ͸֪۰
Ҳ۰˵
۰ħΪԷΪӣ̶ħۡҹδ뵽ԼĽںϣҪǿȥںϽҪЩΪµĽͬҹδҲ뵽ͻƵԪ
۰ܹħΪôԼǲǿԼеͷΪ
Ҿ߱һľ۵ľΪľеһӣӾǵԪ
Ԫ֮Ԫʼ
ҹδһҵԼķϸֳõЦݣЦҴҵ˾޴ħĿУ۰ȥ۰Եǰ۰ԣ
ĸ磡
۰۾Ҫȥ𣿡
ħĸ磿
ħ۰Եͷҿ۰㡣
ĸ磡ҹδ뿴۰ĸı䣬һ϶ڳֵ۰ԣû°ɣ
û£۰ԵͷҺܺáҾҵ˷򡣡
ķ򣬻ħķ򣿡
ҵķҲħķ򣬲˵ķǲͬġڿͬһϣջҪһڽҲ֪ħҲ֪
δ룬ȥɡҪܾáҲﲻæҲҪһҽ⣬Ϊ㹻ߵĻҲܹҡ洦


791 ȳ
ҹδͷãĸ磬㱣ءھ뿪ĸҪס㴦ں־棬㶼Ƕһˣ㻹д磬㣬ҡ
ףҲǣ۰ȭͷԼࣺһһֱ
ҹδؿ۰һۣҪʱ۰ԼȻɴ뿪ˡ
ڡ
ҹδˡ
߽ţ㷢ŷǳ֡һԭžʮһĴȡԭڲȣҲ֪ߴڴʲô˼ȻҲǰμڵŴȡ˵úܺãѾܾûкߴڽˡԺӦöཻμڵĴȣǸư֮Ĺϵ
Ӧһң֦ͬ
ȸܾ衣ߴʿȻûлԪÿҲһԪӡǺǿˡȻߴڵģȴţߴ̽Ϣġ
ϾӦ治̫ˣ׹ڲɽڵȷ嶼ûӦҪǲߴڻɵʲôߴڵͲְˡ
ߴô֮£ĶҲɳʿ飬μڴȡ
ڷ·ָӦٹ⣬Ǹʱھͬʱһ㣬ġǸʱŵӦκǰʥš
ڣԵ㡣
ΪӦѾ˰
Щ飬ҲǿżӡߴǱҲ飬ȷʵ̽ӦϢģλѾܾòˡӦʲôˣ
ܲ
ǶŵʿûôˣǶһʢġڣܹύڵʿЩʿ۵ԣѵõĻԵ
Ѿԭˣԭ˶ܣơڱơ
ҹδ֮󣬾ͱȸ˹ȥҹδ벢ûͻƵԪлЩʧһ룬ԼͻƵԪ˽ǧʱ䣬ҹδŸոչ٣ԼҹδЩ̫ˡ
һ飬㽫ԭԭغҹδ˵һ顣
ʦͳʦ嶼ûлڲɽڡʱߴڸоûס
ҹδһµߴЩԪҲ˲ɽڣ
ǣǻȷ
ߴŵʵΣ
ǿȸɫࣺʵһߴ֮ǰõģҲǿǵĿģҸоҪ̽״ǻǻˡȥȷͺˡ
ҹδҡҡͷ˵ЩѾˡ
ʵΣ
ߴÿŶһԪӡԪΪǲμӴȵģΪΪͬľ硣
һܵ۶ʮ컨ʮػʮ˻һٸжԪνģ˸硣
ҹδһ£˼ǣδȻлģ
ţȸüͷЩεߴҲƲǣôδ룬Ҫμӣ
ҿǱˣʵһЩãܲ¶ͲҪ¶ˡ
ţ
ҹδͷмš
ֱʰ
ߴɳǿĶ顣
ߴÿ֧жһԪҪ֪ɽںͺɽڣֻһԪԪˣڵԪֱӶϲ㡣
κһţǾԵشڵԪʿֻӣμӴȡ
ÿ֧Ļôߴڻ
ǲɽںͺ٣ֻ˵žȫˡǿڣȻжʮ
ҹδҡҡͷԼŻǲǿڱ˻Ԫ࣬µľͲ̫ࡣ
ڽȿʼˡҹδ벻̫עȻǻȴû³˼ûųô˻ᣬŪߴڼͷ
ŵؽоһڵʿ
ںһϵ֮һ뵱ɽ磬ںԵľ档ʱѹһͷ
ǣԴӳӦھˡΪӦҲΪӦͱ
Ӧڵʱ˸ǡǵӦڵʱھһ⡣Ȼǿ󣬵ǵߴֻܹǷ⡣
ϧ
ӦȻŻˡ
Ҳмʮûˣ᲻Ѿˣ
ΪڵһʿȻ֪μڴȣߴǴġ

һǻڣݺݵشڵ¶֪ҲֻһӦûӦʲôҲǡһ̽ӦϢ


792 ˬ
Ѿ˺üˣ˵ĵӣߴʿ˲ĳɼʤĳɼڴеĿǰΪֹҲʤźǣûгŻɱڵĻʿ
ҲףⲻΪǲμӵʿͬ
ЩӻԪʿžѡǿߣеʿμӴȡڿʼĹУ϶ߴڻǿƻʤȵ˺ڣҲʣǿˣǸʱĽ
ǻԲڶʮУսǿߡ踺˼ǧ꣬ոջָŵڻ
ֹȥ˼죬۵жϿʼӦˡ
Щʿʲôģ̭ˣʣµĶǰ˴ڵʿʲô磬ĿǰΪֹʿûгȫ̭ڴȱߴڴȵ״֡
ڻ磬ҲǻԲĶңսΪǿҲûб̭Ƕһҹδ룬ȴһֱûг֣ûвμӴȡ
ʵϣۺҹδ롣
ûб˼ǵҪҹδ붷һҹδ񱻳֮ΪСӦΪͬ޵СҲһˣһˣȻҪҹδǿ߶һ
ʱѾе˺Ρ
˵ľ磬ֻ˵⻯磬ǿˡǰ˴Ÿһɼ˴ÿʿϻжѣʿÿϵսǲ¡
Ԫ磬һֱ磬ڶڼأľȣĿǰΪֹҲסһûбͺˡǸҫ۵ߴڡߴЩʿǾϸѡģߴڵǿߣһģ񡣲ֻ⼸ʮŲȱԴʿ׷ͻơڵϻǲһЩ
ּڻƷˡ
ʼеľεĴȣߴڸռеڵʿ̭ˡڼҲڵʿ
Щ¶ҹδ붼עȻǴȣûߴڣڹԼȣÿһҲϡҹδ뿴δȫûһЩˣյȴֻкôûлڵʿʶһߴڵɣҲ֪ɽĲпᡣ
ҹδܺãΪʱž䣬Ȼǹ⡣ߴˣҲˡž䣬ȻǹⶼǸŵĴĸڵΪԲ
ͬʱߴЩʿҲף
㣬ԲڴУʡչذ֮꣬ĵһսȡԼʮĽ
˵ʵ֮󣬷·һ㣬ΪԼͻƵԪʧܣ˻þ
̶̵İ꣬ôܱӣ
ڳһҹδ룬նɱߴڵܵȻڵӦˣǿԪ˵̤˻Ԫ֮ϣϵ硣
ԣҪǰڲμڵĴȣҪμӣҪڿߴڴѹѾҪڣʲô״
ʧ
оڵʵڱܲ
ǸƷʿǵսûɵĴڡûӦûϣţһ֮ͿԸˡ
治Դ󣬶ʵõԪ˵ڲȴʮһ
ôȣ
Ŀûдﵽ˵Ӧˣҹδ붼ûм
ʱڰΪò͵ĴڣĿЩĵ˴⣬ȻĿһ
ž䣬žűܵĵӣΪѾ֪žҹδĴ硣Ҳ֮žԭ򣬱ΪҹδùϵϾӦߴڵѹ̫
ǣоǲˬ
뵱ѹڣھȻܹɵž䣬ŵĺ֡
ĿƶžԵһλŮӣֻһӰ̫ĺʣؾ˵Ŀ⡣
Ӧþҹδ˰ɣһȻŴ⺰ʦֶ
žĽŲһ٣ŴȥȻҹδδ룬ȥɣǱŵʦ塣
ҹδž伸˻صסҲûʲô¶ҲԵ磬ȫʳԵͷ
ãҾͻȥˡ
ȻǹҲ׷׸ǣŸԼסȥҹδҲתȥûʲôĵġڣҴ磬ЩˣûһǺǵġ١


793 ǿƵߴ
ʦ塣žǰʩ
Ǹҹδ룿
ǣžüһ¡
˵һҪһ
žɫһҿת棬δǷӦҾͲ֪ˡ
üһӦġ
ûʲô¶ˡ
ȥɣڰ֡
žʩȥǸֳһ˿
ǿڵܵСǺδǺǡ
˵ʵž䶼㡣
սžͬҹδ붼ǿҹδдҹδ뽫ΪѹԲȻֻܹžƽ֡Ҫ֪ҹδԱϾָˣž䲻ֻԵȴغҹδƽ֡
Ȼ˸ԶеûóˣҲҹδԾ֪žźͼռ䣬ͲԾˡ
ռݻͼռȴݻԣž䲻ǳǵ䣬ѧĸֵ˺ͼռĸ
βǿ
ԣžԼϣԼδػܡ
ҲŻΣ磬ѾԲ˵ʵΪڼδ룬ͱչͻƻˡźͼռİ˵ѡ
ͣΪڲԼġûӦҲԼԼŸԼ㡣
ԼŶ
һͷʱͻƵ

ǧ꣬ǸԲ
Ÿ˭⻹Ҫ
ҲΪҹδԼãͶԼŽġˣһӸڲͬš
ԣžߵİáɾ䡣
ɫܹžȻڱϽǣǲûа
ʲôʱôӹ
ǧһֱڵĽĸʱ򣬶ͬ޵֡Ӯ𾴡
ԼֻǱչذ꣬ͱԼʶˣʲôСܹԼɫˣ
ϾڣžǶڵˡ
ʱܿȥҲҪˡ
ž䵹ǽĻ˵ҹδҹδҲֻЦЦûȥ㡣
ҶһͶһ
ƾʲô
ҹδȻûвμӴȣҲѡĳȥۿ
ò̾ߴڵĵ񡣶Ҳֻǿʼ˼ʮ꣬Щ˽ڣҲʲô콾ҲӦҪߴڵԴԴЩʿΪ
սߴҲȫû֡ߴʿеܵһµʿܶࡣ
ǴܵʼϣȻаܵģûˡ
Щʿеľ󲿷ֶʿ֮ԴġҲ˵ҹδ֮ǰЩʿΪҲֻмܵǺͻƵġˣǵսɲһӣǧˡʮַḻ
˵ңȻûжûĵһȴҲ˵ڶĳɼһڵ㡣
Ҳɱ֣ȴҲֻǻ˶ңˣûдﵽɱҵĿġ
ǣ֮˵һڴȣߴڸоûдﵽĿġ
Ϊû̽ӦϢ
ǸоʮѿΪвεĴȣԪ磬磬һڵʿߴڵʿá
ͺѿˡ
ҹδȴоνʿźô
ʿЩƮˡ
ӦѾˣϢֻҹδȼ֪ʿ֪
ôһڣ˭ϣ˭ҲƮ
ֲȱԴһš˭ܹҪ߻Ի·ˡ
ѹôãڵȵǿع飬ôܲƮ
ߴҲɵӦ⼸ʮҲãڵʿ֪ʵļ֮⣬Ʈˡ
ڵ״ǣҹδ֪ӦѾˣÿıŵʿǹʮ͡
ôһѵһʿҹδ뿴ûʲôá
ѪĽѵΪ˸ܹŵĳɳҲֵá
⼸գŵնʮѹ֡ÿڵʿɫܲÿرǿߴЩʿϲЦտǵɫ͸ѿ
Σ
㱾²УѵӦ
ӦڱչأӦ֪ˣľԼЩˡ
ҹδͤںȲ裬ԵǺҹδôס
ҹʦ㣬ⲻ㰡
ңʲôӣ
ɱְ𱬵ɱְҲ㶼ɱߴڶٵܵͻ˼Ҷ۸ˣô޶ԣ


794 
˲ɱģɱҲҪеġ֮ǰɱߴڵˣΪߴڵɱҡűҷɱ˼ûңΪʲôҪɱ˼ң
⻹ǣɱŶʿĵһŵġ
Щʿ᲻˵һʵʵŬȥȥ
ǲɵҹδԣĬƬ̵ˣֻЩȥʦֵܿϧˡ
ǲɱ顣ҹδҲ̾һκһţиϽŲʿֻʿЩΪЩʿ콾ǱԴΪġ
ĬȻ
Щʿô콾ʣ
֮ǰߴڷĸ콾ڣ
Ҳ⼸ʮ˼콾ûгɳء
߰ɣҹδվᣬߴڳ˾ͻ쵰ҲӦñչسͻˡ
ҪͻƵԪˣ۾һ
ЩоҪչһҪãû
μ𣿡
ԭȥҪȥҹδҡҡͷȥȥɡ
߳ͤ˳ɽ·ߡɽ£һ߹ҹδɨһۣߴڵʿ㲻ᡣʿУ㡣㿴ҹδ룬۾һΪ
ѿҹδ룿
ҹδ빰ֻ񣺡£ǣ
㣬ʦֶҹѿյ
ţҹδͷЩᡣ
ɫҲÿˣҹδյ˿ţȴȫûᣬǸûа
ĳչذ꣬һҹѵźҹдһ£ĳˡ
ʱʿߣҹδƺǶˡϢܿʹ˳ȥߴڵʿڵʿһӶ
ҹδ벻£ûб飬δˡ
䣬ҹδɫ
ҹδ룬Ʋ𣿡
ҹδǰС
ǺôļӣȵĵһƲңǲµĶҲƲ𣿡
ҹδЦһôɵ䣬ͷᣬȴͻȻס˽Ų̧˶档
ĶվһʿȴڵӣԪ۷ʿ
ҹСѣ̫Ͳá
ҹδ뵭кδͽ̣
˵ҹܹԽս
ʱȸҲˣжף׼³ˡȸЩǡǲ̽Ӧʵˡ
Ŷ֪ҹδӵʿδܹشҹδ룬ɱҹδ룬Ӧض֡㷢쭴ɱ˸ҲܹȷӦ滹ڡ
ǡ
ӦɲͻߴڵĻˡ
δϵԪ۷壬Ӧòɣȸ΢΢üͷ˼
ʱҹδβ֪Է
˵ɣҲԾɱ˲ʿойڵʿ
ɫһָֻƽǼ縺̽ӦʵΡ
ںΨšѹڣǳͷɡ
⼸ʮΪ־ӦڿǼβˡǣӦ̫ûжˡȻ˵Ӧִʿһαչؼ꣬ҲӦЩڼϸһ£ԪӦѾӦˡͻ˺ϵˡҲܸոͻƺϵͼչزҪǲǵسڽɣ
ǸǱڵİӴϢӦչһֱ
˻ˡ
رδֻȣЩԪҲо˺ܾãȷ϶ǻԪ֮ϡһӦȻȤ
ô룬ôò
ԣߴǰ̽ڡ
ĴУߴʿº֣նɱ˲ʿնɱһڵܵʿ
ǣȴӦȴһֱûгǸӻɣһֱһһ̽Ļᡣ˻ᣬΪڣԶڸҪ֪Ӧʵԣסҹδ롣
ţԼֻҪɱҹδ룬ɱˣֻشҹδ룬ӦĻǻϾǳˡ
ԣҹδĻȻвȴҲһϲͽ˯ͷҡͷ
û˵Ծս飬ԣҪԡҹδ룬㲻ǿ԰ɣ
ʱΧѾۼ˴ʿڵȸҲߴڵĵԪǰڵʿĿⶼҹδ롣
ҹδƽۡ


795 ն

ãҹδ
Χʿ׷׺󳷣סҹδ֮ǰѾ⡣֪ӦûĻԼҹδӦضԼ˵ʲôҹδԼõģӦʲôʱ򽲹
ԣʲôضһߣҪľɱҹδ롣ɱҹδ룬һǿ̽ӦһǶϾڵδ
һá
ԣˣ
ȶˣ
һ־ɱУѹ׵ĵ
ն
˵ľ̫ˣҹδʶˡҹδ뵹ж˲ʧԭأԶˣͬʱ̧ǰһ
Ļ
ͬʱ࣬˲۳һСһ̳
䡭
ննĻϣҹδ봴Ļ֮һսӭӵľһԪ۷Ŀ顣
Ļ֮Ӳն赲⡣Ļնײûʧҹδ빥һѾ̳
ҹδںƺγɵһʽûȡֵĶһ
͡
ռ䷢˺ۿɼǿռ䱻˺ѳһ϶Ƿ϶ͬһŶĸȥ
ûж㣬Ϊ֪Լ㣬ߺˣҲᱻҹδĹջǻϣͬԼնһҹδˣǶ㲻ġֻӭ
䡭
ٶնһʽնӵĽĻܹסնһ̣о;赽˼㡣ѾҹδԼͬľ硣Լһʽסնն֮˲䣬һڣͷųƶܡ
ǰһԲܣƣͬһ档
䡭
նһ飬ȻһƶϣƶƺסһƶܾҵĵĽŷ˳顣
ҹδ£ȻתԼĶȥһʿ׷ÿʱкܶʿҹδս˵
ܵննһһһնһնü
񻯵ˣֿʼնԪˡ
мʮ˰ɣûмҹδˡߴҹδĿֲ
һɱ
ߴʣµڵԪ໥һĿⶼءʱΧǰ˴ʿкܶŵʿǸսҹδ룬˫ԼܲܵŴͥڵ棬Ҫ档
ֻû̽ӦǷڣ̽ҹδʵǿ
ԣ
ҹδʩչһһأûмҹδûмɽ綼ûм
ѵӦĵ
ߴʿһȻߴ뿪ˣһʧ˻ģԭԼչذ֮꣬ȫûаҹδ뵱¡ȴû뵽ҹδһնɱ˸ʦ塣ҪնɱԼͬɱ
ڵȴǺ뿪ߴȫͬδȴӿʼ֮ǰڶܱԪ絽磬ȵĵһȻȫߴڶߡ
̫ûˡ
ֱҹδ֣һնɱԪΪһȵľ졣
ڵʿ
ʱ뿪ڵĸʿе뷨Ҳͬ
ߴڵ뷨ǣϽȥͷβϸػ㱨ţŷӦǷ䡣ŵʿ۵ķΧ͹ˡ
ҹδ뻹ʮ겻֣һ־նɱһԪ
ҲڣڼҴҵʮһԪǱҹδնɱһʮҪնɱǲɽڻߺɽڵĵԪžûеԪˡ
ҹδǿҹδǿҲ¶ڻһЩߴڱǲ硣Ԫ絽硣ȵĵһûڵʿ
ô˵磬ʵǿžڡλͲ˵ˡ˵ԪĴʿ߸ֻһԪʵʮǰȸߴڽ·硣ڻ磬˭ҹδĶ֣
ǻأ
ʲôҶǰյĵӶʲôʣ콾ûС
ǣڣڣڼ꣬ǧʱ䣬ضܹһ콾ɳ
ʿ̾ؼôʱ䰡ľ̫ߣ۲˵ϵԪûж˰ɣҲͰˡ
ҲԪܹͻƺϵأ˼ҿ棬ǿǺϵС
ôף˵ˣܾûѶˡô飬ûг


796 Ķ
˲ĬȻһж˼ɽδķ
ӦڣˣҲû˸ҶڡӦ棬ҹδ룬δǧڣһ
»ԻͲԶˣ
ǣ治ˡ
ȻҲˣڿҪˡ
ЩʿҲˡһҲˣڣǱرߴڸˡߴξ̽ʵģ̽ӦǷ񻹻š
һ룬ӦţȻҹδ뱻ɱˡ
ʲô
ӦѸɱˣ˵ЩҲɱˡ
뵽һɶһ£ȻӿٶȣԶڡзģԺԲߴڵĵɴܣԼЩС˲
ʱֵȸҹδڰֵĶڣü죬ֵ̾Ϣһ
ǵĸʦҲֻһһʮԪˡδѾ¶ߴڿʼˡδһɱӦûߴʵϾʩչһһֵûмǻỳ洫ڸġ
ǣȸ䣬ߴڱض䣬Ǹʱ滹ߴڱضиӷ̽
ȸҹδĬȻ죬ֵҹδеԴģ
ǰɣһںƺֶãһǹۿá
δ룬˵һ׹һͷ­
ţͷ­ʿ˵Ӹо󡣡˵ҹδ벻һ
ʦȥһһҲ
Ҳдֵʦܺͳʦ˻Ҫʱ䣬ȥǷһ
˵ֵһٵδ룬ȥһ˲ɽڣλʦһ¡
ã
ҹδٴ뿪ڣڵΪٶȣֻʱ䣬˲ɽ⡣ɽʿѾ˹ҹδնɱ֮¡ٴμҹδ룬̬ӵعҹδȷ壬ͳѩλʦϥȷǰķơ˳ѩ󣬹
δʦ档
Χ˱㶼˶䣬ǲԶĸҲתͷҹδ롣ҹδ㼱æŸʩ
ʦ档
ôˣѩʵ
λʦšҹδ빧
ΧоһߴڵĻԪϱɫѩ͸зɿһ˿𾪡һǳˣҹδ벻ǡˣòã
ѩ͸һۣѩһҹδߣ
˱ʧȷ塣
ȷ塣
ߴԪ໥֮ʶ
λˣ
Ӧǣ־磬ڴȣֻǷֳһͻ֪Ҳ֪ǵ˼
λʲô˼
˭֪
ֻлظͳѩӦòǵ鷳
Ҫǵ鷳λˡ
ǳغ󣬵֪ȷ飬λѾˣǲ֪λȷ壬㽫ͳѩٻȥָ㣿
ɣǻز
ȷָֻ֮˳š
Уѩ͸ҹδ룬ҹδ΢΢ҡͷѩ͸㲻˵Ϊӣصڡ
ֵĶֵҹδ֮˳ѩ͸޵
ĺãڰڣײõˡ
ʦ֣ʲô飿
ֵ㽫ڴȵ龭һ飬˵һ磬ѩ͸Ҳɳ˼
˵ʵȷû˿ʵ̫ɬˡҲֻһϵĵƣ޴򡣴ʱֵԣҲ⶯
Ҫȥһѩ
ȥһҲȥǸͷ­ʵڲУٻȥȷ塣Ҳ
ֵͷҪһģҪȥɡʮΪޡ
⡭ѩ͸ϲֳ߲ѣϴξԼǰȥɽڣԼȥ
ʦ棡ҹδ뿪ڵʵδãӦʮӦλʦһȥɡ
ϳ˼϶ֳ⶯֮ɫһԵȸ룬Ҳڵ
δ˵òЩ飬ʮӦλʦһȥɣһܹͻƣŽǡ
Ļôͻƣһ磬ӦúһһǱôҲûкϵҾδ˵ԪԲδ˵ҲʮӦһȥʮΪޣʮڣǻ


797 
ȸͷһغš
ֵͷҲõˡȽҹδߡδ뽫ȥٻ
ҹ
ֵѩҹδָ£ԪٶȣϢ˴Ȼһ硣
λʦ棬ȥλԪһ
ȥλѰɡ
ã
Ӻ
ɽ
Ͱ׷ѩȻ̧ͷһɫ䣬ĵĸӰǵǰ˵档ҹδǰֵ
λ¡
˼ҹδ룬΢ɣֵˣһǸо˱ҪǿӦǻԪ۷壬ԲѾ˲²⣬Űֵ˹Ϊ
֡
λѡֵҲΪ
Ͱ׷ѩֵ̬з˲٣ҹδǰ
λ£λλǰͻƺϵĻԵ
Ͱ׷ѩһ飬˼һԪô
ֵ˸ҽܣѣ˰ֵ

ѩ
롣
׷ѩ
ֵٴιֵ磬ĿһǺͶλ۵Ҫ硣Ҫǿͷ­
ͬʱλǰҷ磬ҵ˱ضд
Ͱ׷ѩһɣִʿⷽԡԷԱԼǿ󣬶һˣҲûбҪԡͰ׷ѩֵ
Ȼӭλ֣֪֡һˣǺܶࣿ
ֵ࣡ҡͷֻĸλϣޱ֪
Ͱ׷ѩһԵĻڲҪȥ
ֵͷģ飬ǲ
ֳЦݣԶߵķζ


Ըȥ׼ȣܿ죬һȾͤΧһ߳Ժȣһ۵
ʱ۵ҹδԵԪĸԽԽָļڴӵﵽʶ΢𶯣ҹδ֪ԼԪһѾԽԽˡ
һ۵һ࣬Ȼȥۿͷ­ҹδͷ­ǲʵҲˡռѾֽһͷ­ϵķƹɵĿռ䣬ֻڻ޷ͷ­ֻ뿴һۣͷ­ûѵƣͷ­ûѵƣҹδżԪǡ
ȴͷ­ܸȤҹδ뿪ɽֱȥѧԺԺݺ̻˼죬ǰɽϥǰ
һҹδо˲ͬΪҵǳƬںһ𣬶ǳ˸ٽʵķԾ
ʥںҹδڼ䡣
һȥҹδԭѾϣǡҴһʽΪǣҸоԼѾԪĴƿһ϶ֻǸоԼﵽƿȥҲǲ򣬵ٶȻü
Ҫ⣬ҹδ²Ҳ취
һѰһЩǳƬһԼͻƵԪ֮
Щҹδ뿪˺ɽֱ۰֮ȥһβǲУǼٷУٶȻ֮࣬ҹδɽ£վǾ߾޴ʬͷǰĿֳǣǾ޴ʬɢŨħ
ҹδǸ޴ʬĿУһ޼ʵĿռڣѾ޳ǣֻһ谵Ŀռ䡣ٲǰȥ֮󣬼۰ϥ
ҹδĿһԭ۰ԣʱһּΪϵĸо·ԪãȰֵҪϡ
۰۾̧ҹδ룺δ룬ˡ
ĸ磬ǣҹδһ۰Եǰֳ֮ɫ
۰̧֣һҹδͷõģĸ粢ûħ
Ԫ
۰ԴЦЦ˵Щĸ졣
ãҹδЩʡ
˱û۵һЩ䣬һЩСʱļҳ̡
˴Լһʱ˳Ĭҹδֳ˱⣬۰ԡ
죬۰ԿڵҪɽǿ
ã
ҹδзʹʱȫ޷Լ
δ룬Ҳ֪Ƿ񻹻ţ
ţ֮ǰͶЩͨƽ͸λ岻ԴλѾԪλԭ;ʹˣѾԪҲˡǾͻȥԼϴ磬㣬磬һȥ


798 ٻذɽ
ã۰Ե۾Ȼԥһȥ֮󣬻᲻ǣң²Źҡ
ǲңһȥǡ
֮
۰ԺҹδصڣգϿȸķ棺
⻯۰Ϊڳϡ
ϢѸٵش±ֳĬ𶯡
һ˭Ҳû뵽Ϊħ壬׷ɱ۰ԣʮ겻һǻ
𶯶۰Լڲϡ棬ϾҹδȡȴӦ׷⣬۰ʲ϶ڽһԪ
ա
ҹδ۰Ա뿪ڣ··۰ˡǹ۲֮󣬴ҲЩˡ
۰Կӣ·Ԫáôܣ
۰Աҹδ꣬һӦƾõԪôˣ
ѵΪĳطͻƣԪ
ˣͻƵԪΪʲôӦ׷۰Ϊڳϣ
㲻ҲҶ
֮
ҹδ۰ڣһպҹδ룬۰Ժž뿪ڣպƽ̣Ȼһ뿪ƽ̣˵ˣһطȥ
ʱߴѾ֪Ҫ˽硣һ£ӦǻȥžȻĸסλԪҲˡҲͲٹע
ˣҹδΪߣԲα۰ԣڣٴαž仯ڡȻΪﵽԲ
֮
ɽǡ
˻صϱ䵱С
ϱ䵱еĴſڣ׷ſ塣о˹̧ͷȥϱֳϲ

壬壡
ҹδ¶Цݣȴһ˿˿ݣܹλԪʣ¼ˡ
䣬ȻСܣδ룡
λ˲ΡΡվ𣬻ϲݺᡣ
ϱ䵱ڡ
ҹδϣĿſڣ۰ߡ·ʮʱһ㡣˶û˵·𶼳˻䡣
ĸ磡
ţ
ôȥʱ飿
۰Ե³ʧ֮ɫʲô飿
ʱѾȥûģҲһٶ꣬Զǵ۰ˡ
ž䣬ȻҲˣԭ˳ֶʱȥҲûмɻ˱㶼ϱ䵱Уλˡ
ҹδСʱһڹ̨棬䵱ÿҲ緢˺޷˪䵱ҹδɿǳ׼ǡļǮ
Ҳڹ̨棬ҹδǣ̾Ϣ
ٶꡣ
ĬȻȻǿЦ壬ȥˣóԵġ
ҺһȥȻȥ
ͷ￴šÿǰ䵱ҹδģλ۾о˹⡣
˶֪λ룬λ˵壬ͬϱ䵱ڵһ㣬ͬعⷵա
ϱ䵱ٴܶ˶ٴѡϱ䵱УλҲЦǺǵġ
λ⼸ʮĵʱ̡
ԼһӾӪϱ䵱УԼҡÿÿźĿɿڵķˣ϶֮ǰ壬ַǷ
ֿλʱ䣬ÿֵöʱݡ

λҪԼԸ䵱߶߶˵ҪٽһЩ䵱ı¡
ҹδǿջЦվλ˵Աߣλº͵ؽӴˡ
λȻƣͣǺ㣬ܵЦݡֻÿҪܾãȻܹǮ
찵
ϱ䵱йˡ
λ˾ͳճյڹ̨棬·ڻʲôȻתͷҹδˣг޾ĴȰ
۾ûһԣȴЦݡ
һʹֻǱϾǴʿûкޣֻĬĬᡣ
֮
ϱ䵱Ѿ¹šԺġ䶼Թŷš
֨ѽһŴ򿪡
ҹδ˳̧ͷգɢŹâҫϣǹâ϶·ŤҹδաΧ·ſռݣַ·źڶһС
֨ѽһзŴ򿪣۰Ըߴ˳ҹδ룬ֳϲɫ
δ룬Ҫͻˣ
ţҹδ뿴۰ԣĿ΢ĸ磬ҷЩͬ
ţҲЩȥ
֨ѽž䣬Ȼӷڳ˵϶ŸϢλ꣬λÿ˶и
ҹδ۰Բûнһ֪žˣŲˣŲǵţԪʿеֶΣܹĶ˵ļ䡣ϳŵٽ´ٶһˡҹδ봫
ĸ磬ħʬǱߡ


799 չ
ǣҲҲ
ҹδ벻ٴܣǿڵһȲҪԻȥˣȥڰɡͻƵʱΧҲܹø򡣡
ĸ۾һ
ͻƵԪ⵱ȻѵõĻԵˡ
֮
ҹδ˻صڡȸҹδĵһۣо¶˾ϲ
δ룬Ҫͻˣ
ţһֱѹţϻš֪ͨ˻ϵʿɡ
ҹδĸصԼĶĶܴźܶʯҡһһʯҡ˸Ծž䣬Ȼ۰ڵԼ״̬ҹδڲϵͬʱѹԼͻơȸǷټټ˻ʿعš
ɽַһ飬ߵ˻ϵʿ׷׻عšⲻߴвɡ
Ҫʲô
ѵӦˣ
⡭̫ܡ
еĳһˣ
ⲻûпܣȻǻаԪǰԪһԪʿƾԪ̫ˡ΢ǰҲǲܡ
ɽĿⶼڣڲɽߴԪҲڹעڡ
֮
ҹδ붴⣬ΧŶ飬һȦһȦһһʿѾڴɽ
Ԫʿȸ͵춼ϥҹδ붴ǰ棬Ȼĸ߸ʮһܵʣµľǧ۶˻ʿѾӽǧʿ
Щʿڵ֧
ʿʮ򣬵ܹʼʿȴֻⲻǧˡǧ˥̫ܵ࣬ǻָʱ̡̫˵ܵϣ˵۶˻׶εʿߴ̫࣬ǺԽĲɽڱ硣׶εʿɽڵ屶͸˵ˡ
ڡ
ҹδſѹƣΧĿռ䶼΢΢ͬһ㵴˶֮ȥͷð⣬ֱʡ

ͬˮһֵϣͬˮһкͬ˹ĺ󣬴˷ҹδĶ۶
ǹĵϺһ㣬һȦȦûɽ壬еʿŨĵϰͬڵϵĺС
ҹδͻƵԪ֮ǰͻƻʱƾѾֺ롣ʱͻƵԪĵϺֹ֮ǰͻƻʮ
ǵŨ໥ײѹʼһεε֮Һͬϸꡣ
˲ã
ȸһͻƵԪʱ򣬱˵ϸˣŨ̶ҲҹδԶ
ǳԭĽһǶҲЧҲܹͻƻԪһ˿
ûͻƵԪҹδǿҲǸոͻƵԪܹһʿͻƵԪ
ȸԪԲȴѾܾ޷Ͼһ˿ˡ֪ԼٴĻᡣܹͻƻԪһ˿ҲԲ֮ǧĻۣѾ۵ٽ㣬ҹδ֣һ˿
Ҳҹδʿͻƣܹ˸ƷʣŨȵĵԪһ˿˿ȴ
ֵ˵ҹδһͻƵԪźͻԪһʵǸʱȸ̫ţˡҹδһͻƵԪֻǵԪһ㣬ҲضܹͻԪһҲΪʵܹ˸ƷʣŨȵĵϣγɵϸꡣҲܹȸֵԪԲźǿĸá
ǧʿڼ˵ʱڳС
ߴڰ̽һͷ̧ͷ¶֮ɫǿͬϼкǵ֣˷ͬһ㣬ڻۡ
ǡӦͻˣ
ܣӦͻƺϵãٴͻơ
ǡֵͻƺϵˣ
һϢѸٵشȥܿߴڵĻԪյϢɫͼΪ𶯡뵽ͳѩлȥȻ˻ʿлأڷɽѵǰֵͻƺϵ
ߴԪʧȷ֮ϣ⡣
ڷɽ֣͸ڵ״ȴԿڻۡϸ֪ü΢ɳڣȴǡ
٣ͻƺϵûôǿ
ǺżֻԪơ
ҡѵǰֵǵͻƻԪ
ڻԪɫԭԪҲһʮ꣬ԪٵҲͰ죬ֵ߰ͻƻԪ˺Ԫ


800 ͻ
ڣһϵĻԪһһĻԪߴô죿
Խϸϸ֪ȻƻԪͻƻԪֲ˺ܶࡣ
ǧͷ˼ͻƻԪҲһԪ
˵ɫɳ˼֡
ü⻹ͻƣӦǸͻƵḶ́Ÿƻ󡣡
˸ոɳڵɫֽ˼֡
ԶѳʵǷԪȶɽٵʱǾ֪ˡǻץͻƺϵɡ
˵ǣ
˵ͷεزɽȷ壬
ڡ
ҹδĶϿգϻ۵ԽԽ֮ҹδ붴ɽҹδĶڣǵϻ۵ĸΪŨֱӻҺҹδҹδʯңҲʼҺž䣬Ȼ۰֮С
ؼΪĴֳݺύ뵽һʿ壬ӵÿʿ
ҹδڿٵڵʼ仯ʷܱ䡣
ĵڣӿ;ͨÿһʷһ㡣
ҹδɫ飬ûó֥ڻʱҪͻƵԪͻƵԪȻ֥ҲȱʧĻȻҲһܹͻƵԪ»һͨĵԪȴδܹﵽͬӦǰĳ̶ȡ
οųԽӦ
һ죬죬졭
ʿ̰ŵϣڵÿ˶ͬһССĺڶŵϡ
ĵϿʼһʿ룬ǵΧܱ䣬ǿܱ䣬ָͬ
Իĵط㲦Ȼʡ
䡭
ͽ׵ʿŨĵ֮£ܱ֮УҪǻͻƣû
ȿʼı˻ʿһʿͷð⣬ֱʡ
֮
һ˻ʿ뿪ˣͻƵػڴ֮£ظͻơŴֺûдһ
磬ˮ׼ֻܹﵽػصʿﵽ˵ػʮأػʮصʿﵽ˵ػʮһأûдһ㣬һʵȻһΡŴ֣Ƕһﵽ˵ػ۷壬һҲͲܼͻ컨ˡͻƣɾ鸡Ҫʱȥȥʵ
º
еĵػʿҲͻƵ컨ڴŨ֮£һﵽ컨۷塣Ҳǳʵ֮󣬱컨Բǲֻʱ䣬Խһ󾳽磬ÿʿʡٰʱ⡣ڵʿڶʱڣʵһ
º
컨ʿﵽ۶һ뿪һǺʵ˾磬ʼͻܵڵܵʿиǸʱ򣬿°˴ܵʿ࣬ࡣʱղãЩ۶ʿʮ֮䣬ͻܵ硣

ʼ۶ʿͻƵܵһǰרŻĶɽ֮ڴһԲٴԲںȻ
䡭
ٸոջ۵ʱϢʹߴԪĶУߴԪ⣬ԶԶعۿ
⡭ܵ٣
ܵ
һȸߵڸԪĵϣʿ򣬼̶ͻֲ֮ܵǰ˻ʿڣԭΪԵȸߵͻƣڲʿͻưڵ̱ȱᲹȫ١
Ľ
䡭
һܵɽ֮һܵɽ٣ʱǼܵɽ٣ſţߴԪ۾ˣļʡͬʱҲǡܵʿ࣬ˣضڽҲ࣬Ҳ࣬ھͱԽԽǿˡ
һ죬죬졭
䡭
ٳ£ߴԪţԽԽɫѿȵûٶɽ٣Ѿʮʿɽ٣ɾܵԭеʮһܵڱʮܵʿ˰˴ܵʿϣѾ׷ˡ
ЩҲʿͻƣѾһٶʮܵλеһŰʮһܵλеڶӵʮܵλеӵʮܵλеġƽӵʮܵλе塣ӵʮܵλеɽںͺɽڸӵʮһܵеߡ
ߴԪ뿪ˡгΡ
ȸߵͻ˻ԪӦˡ°ԪҲˡȸߵ½ԪټôܵڰߴѹڣҪǧʱ䡣
̫˰


801 ߴԪ
߸ԪŲɽڵķȥ˴ʶ
Ӧ䣬䣬ֻʣȸߵһԪǲǰǰֶδѹˡɴҸŪȸߵ죬û˻Ԫڣߴںˡ
ڻԪɶͷȴ̾ϢһȵȰ˵ɡҪŬˡڰܹͻƺϵҲͲˡ
˵òߣȥȥ
һ
˶ɽˣζɵ١ʮһܵʿʼͻˡ
ߴԪˣɫӵѿ
һµʱ䣬ܹ߸ܵͻܵʿٵʮŸʿȴӵʮĸ
һ£ȻͻƵ˻ţеԭ߸еĸͻƵ˻
һ󣬶ͻƵ˵Ԫ
һ߸¡
ҹδ𶯣ʼŵԪתҹδͻԪ
еĵɢȥһ߸µʱ䣬ҹδɾ͵ԪʿĻԵҲ˽
ӵܵʮʿʮʿ߸ԪʿĸԭǵԪԲȸ͵Ȼûͻƣһ˿Ԫ
ȸ͵пϲʲô鶼ǿͷѣһ˿ʼ˷ҲһУ޷ͻƻԪǱ֮ǰȴǶһϣһݿܡ
ˣտɱȡ
ҹδɽ֮ܵϵʿ뼯ֺȸɫϲõ
Ԫʿλа˴ڵһߴڣҲֻһԪһӮȻֻаꡣ
ʮԪλеһԪλеڶںʹ¸ĸԪеƽ̸̺ԪеģɽںͺɽڸһԪλĩβԪΣλΡ
ڶʮλеһʮλеڶںʹ¸߸еƽ̸̺еġɽںͺɽڸĩβ
һΣλΡ
ʿʮŸλеһʿʮλеڶʿʮλеӵʿŸλеġƽӵʿλе塣ӵʿλеɽӵʿĸλеߡɽӵʿλĩβ
һΣƫϡ
ӵܵʿһٶʮλеһӵܵʿʮһλеڶӵܵʿʮŸλеӵܵʿʮλеġƽӵܵʿʮλе塣ӵܵʿʮλеɽںͺɽڸӵܵʿʮһλĩβ
Ҳƫϡ
ЩϿȻûлָǰĻԻֻͣҪʱ䣬һֻܹԻ͡
㹻ʱ䣬Ϊǻػ˸ַڡ
ǧ֮⡣
ƶˡ
ߴԪ̤ƶ
٣ҹ۷٣ǻԪ١
ǺǵԪ١
ҡÿһ׽٣ֱȵԪǿȻǵԪٵ׽ȴﵽ˻Ԫ١
Խƣ⾿ǵԪ٣ǻԪ٣ҶͿˡδ˹Źֵ١
ǧصѾɢȥӦͻѾ׽˻ֺϻ۵ıǷǸɽ֮ˡǻ˭
϶ͻƺϵǵȸͻƻԪҲܣǸͲǻԪٵ
Զ᲻ҹδͻƵԪУ˶ɽٵ£һֻһһЩȴԪͻǿ̫ࡣ
ߴԪоһݣͬʱ뵽˵ӦӦɽٵʱǻСûпųԵԶԪ١
ҹδ룬ֳһӦľ콾
٣ȻڵʿͻѾǲ˭ͻƣŵһ£ܿ԰ɣ
ˣ˳һӦ
ã
ߴԪһɽǰ
ɴڷɽ״̬
ߴԪ¾١
ھǺ
ҡ
ƽ̴Խơ
ǧ
ɽ
ɽԶ
ȻߴԪͬǰڵͻơ
͸Ͽջ졣
´ڣȸ죬Һҹδɫ΢䣬ָȸȻ
ϣųϣҹ£µĶضȶ硣ȶ֮󣬱Գȥ
ǣ


802 ˻ϲ
վȸʩȻҹδʩ
лҹϡ
ҹδ뺬Цͷȥ
¡һŹرգȸδ͵죬ȥɽʦĶȥӭ͡
ҹδ͵վҲûȸӦԡʱͬʱҲȸѵʱȸΪܹߴӦҲܹѸٵǰɽȸͶ߳˴һɽǰž䣬ȻʱѾվɽڡֻΪɽȥˣæʩ
͵ϡ
ȸͷ֪˶ҹδĸͽ㣬ϱ¶Цݵ
Ҽǵ
䣬һӣɽſӭɽţߴԪʩ
λʦ塣
Ҳʩλʦ塣
ߴԪĿɨˣоһǵΪȻܹ֪ѾǵԪⲢδǳԾ֮ǰۿ٣Ѿ뵽ͻƵԪֻȷ˭ˡǳԾǣȸϸ֪һ˿Ԫ
лͻƻԪ˰
߸Ԫ֮ʱ˰ݼ
žݼʦ档
ƽȻݼʦ档
ӵݼʦ档
ǺԽƺҡɫһǵȻ֪ž䣬ԽƺҡֻԼŵôܵˣ
עĿһһ˿ɫ
Ǻֳϲɫããá䣬㾹Ȼͻ˵Ԫ
ԽҲֳϲɫããáȻ㾹Ȼͻ˻
ҡҲЦããá㾹ȻͻƵ˻
ʱߴԪжףͻƵһҹδ룬ҲֻҹδͻƣŻž䣬Ȼ
ҹδ룬Ǻϲõġ
žΪҹδĴ磬Ҳͱҹδʮ꣬ƾõԪǰʮͿԺԲơžҲһٶ꣬ǵԪ
˿žźܴĿͻƻԪ
ͻƵԪҲֻҹδžǿʷҲûСȻˣžΪʲôͻƻԪ
һžͻƻԪڱδ
ԽƺҡȻûоǺǰ˷ܣҲϲá
Ҳͱҹδ˼꣬ȴѾǻҲǰ޹˰ɣ
Ӧ䣬Ҳûͻƻɣ
˼Կ϶ԼžųɾŵļͻƵԪһ߻ͻƻԪ
λʦ룡ȸ
´٣ǧԶЩˣΪ˼ڣƽ̶нҹδͻƶͻƵĵӣûУҲ˵ǺϴŲõЦݵ
ϲڴʿͻƣһЩҹδͻưɣ
лʦ壡ȸʦµòδͻƣɾ͵Ԫ
ǺͻȻһ
Ǹɽҹδ룬ž䣿
ûʣǼδأ
ȸ΢Цδͻ˵ԪҺ͵Ҳһ˿Ԫʱδ͵϶滽ȥ˶չָǣΪȶ磬̶ǶδɻԭҲҪȥ涴չءλʦ壬ҲһЩ涴չءڻɽҳ֮󣬲ŻῪɽ
ߴԪ𶯡
ҹδôͻƵԪǿĵԪӦúӦѲ˹ϵȸ͵ܹһ˿ԪҲӦúӦѲ˹ϵϾȻҲһ˿
ûлӦѾˣϾڳôǿӦûܹ쵽
ȸ˵ˣȻҲ˵ӦӦǻˣһô죿
ߴԪʧ뿪ˡ
ǺԪȻ;ţ֮ȥɽڡ
ٵ䣬Ȼû˽⵽ǰϵϢ
ž˾ǺǺͷ˵
ǣǸûмǰϡ
ڻԪɫһҲôܼӦϣҲʣ׷׸ǡ
ǺžڷȥҡŵȥԽƴȻƽ̷ȥ
Ǻ䡣
ʦ档
ҹڶɽ֮ʱԪ٣ȴԶǿԪ٣ȻԪͬÿһٵȴͻԪ¡ʿڶɽ٣
һδ룬һǵӡ
ǺĿǿǸ˭
δ롣
Ǻ΢ʧҲϲ
Ȼž䣬˶žڴֵҪˡ֮ǰֻΪ;ͳɾ͵ԪѾֿͻƻԪȴֿˡ


803 ʳ֥
䣬֮ųϼϯӡ
žԱɫһųϺѰѾųˡֻ֮ǰƷϣͻƵԪȻȻıƷϡ
ϯǲͬ
֣һǵӣһǳϣƺӲ糤ϡ
Ǽһϯȫͬˡ
ϯӣζδҲɳ֮Ϊ
žһлתջʵӦ֪ҺδĹϵɣ
Ȼ֪ҹδĴ
Щ鲻⡣
˵
ڵİӣҲҪӰɣϾδҵá
ǺЦ㣬ڿҹδߴڰڵİӣ
ž룬ҡͷûУ
ڿɼɵҹδ룿
ҲûУ
ΪҪɵ㣿
⡭
䣬Ҳˡ㣬Ȼ۰Ժҹδ뼸ͬʱšԣǲĸŰİӣΪЩ֮ǰʶǡܹĸģҲֻĸĸšԣǲΪκһŵİӡ
˶Բŵ飬ѳţҲΪţΪǵֵܽá
û˵ɣ
ǣ
žûԥǺ˵òʶڵ˭
ʶ
ڸô
ûУ
ƾʲôڣ
ǰԼðˡ
ú룬ãѵͲ𣿡
ž뵽ҹδԼԴɵͷ
Ầ𣿡
ᣡžϵ
ûẦ𣿡
Ȼᣡ
ⲻͽˣҹδ벻Ϊڵǣǵģѣᡣˣʲôɼɵǵģ
žɫһȻͽ˾Ǻ˵Ϊòϣҹδ벻ΪڵǣԼԼҲΪŵǣҹδ롣
УǺЦڣ˵ûи飿˵ûгΪеļң
žĬȻ
Ǻžļ򣺡ҪЩˣӰĵġ˳ȻͺáǰڣǸ
ȸ͵һ˿Ԫ⣬˵ܹͻƻԪ
־£ҵϣøá˵ҹδ뵱ڵ㵱ڵҲܹǰĶԹҸԺƽչ
ʱҡԽƺȻҲ˵ͬĻ
ڡ
ֵĶ
ȸ죬ҺҹδΧȸδ룬ʳ֥𣿡
ûС׼ȶ˾֮ٷʳ
׼ʲôʱȥΪ׼֮أ
ҷʳ֥ܹ
Ҳã£ҷġԼϣأ
һ˿Ԫ׼̱չأܷһ˿
Ҳ׼ˡڼɽǳ˵ųϣأ
Ҫȶ硣
ãǴҾ͸ԿʼɡǾɽչء
ֵĶкܶʯңĸ˸һʯҿʼչء
ҹδӼʶڵҡҷѾȫʶҲǵϡҲ˵֮壬ڵҲʼŽһɱ˵ϡɢһ˿˿ĹâһҲ˵ϣҲǵԪʿ壬˵֮Ȼı֮ΪԪıе壬ıľʶʵ϶ǵ֮
Ҳ˵Ժٷֱ֮ʶ֮ںΪһ
ʵ
ҹδڲľǽȫתɵԪһȫתɣﵽ˵ԪԪԲǸʱȫΪϣ֮ͷͨףҲǿ
һµʱ䣬ͻƵ鸡ҲֻǳԶδʵΪҲÿһ˿˿ΪǳںǳѾԶӦǳٶŷ
ǣʱҹδ˵Ѿ㹻ˡԷʳ֥ˡ
ȡ֥õˮ֥ɾȻһһ׽֥еɬֻظʡһ֥꣬ҹδ뿪ʼԼڡ
ȿʼ仯ǵϻǵ˵ơ
Ԫ
ǽڵ任ɵԪıԴǵϺ;ǲıġ˵ᵮƵġ
ΪǻԪŻᷢı仯ȻֻǻԪı仯֮һΨһ
Ԫ
һ;϶˵ƣΪԪʿԺǲҪˡҲ˵ҹδ붼ǳˡΪǸʱȫǵƣϣʱ޿̲صϣûбҪټͨյϡ
Ԫ֮ʲô


804 


յѾΪȻҪȥȥ
ҲĿǰЩԪеãڣΪǷԼԪ֮ûбҪˡûкĹֻҪԼջڶˣջ
ͻƺϵԭ
ڵҹδȴǰ˱仯ûдﵽԪ֮ǰ;ڱ㿪ʼ˵ơһʱ޿̶صϣҹδΪһ̵ܶʱڴﵽԪԲ
Ϊűʿ߱ƣǾں͵ϵ˵ơ
ҹδӹ۲һʱں;ϵĵƺԼûйϵҲԼص֥áˣҹδоʱˡھ绹ûкʵ뵽ӦԼĵϺУȻΪúܿ죬ǶԼûʲôô
ĸӦҲ˰ɣ
ҹδ߳Լʯңǿ˿ʯңֶûʲô
ȸͶӦûûгأҹδ߳˶ԼĶȥԼĶ۰۰۾ҹδ룬ϵϢѾȶͻƵԪ鸡Ҳȶ
δ룬ȥ
ҹδ֪˵ûȥȥһ硣
㻹صǸħʬǱߣ
ţ۰ԵͷЧ
ã
ҹδ룬̵ͷӦҲҪȥϺ룬׷ѩڵԪڱչأԼոͻƵԪˣҪһϵԪһ£ûˡոͻƵԪҲһЩطãȥԪԼž޴ĺô
ɽ
ֵѩͰ׷ѩԪУҹδ۰Χм䣬´š
ֵѩ͸ҹδͻƵԪ֣ѾϰҹδͻٶȣͰ׷ѩлһȵı顣رǰ׷ѩ۰Ҳͻ˵Ԫи𾪡
ѾǻԪվĶˡʱҲɸ̾
У˵Ĳ׽ԼҲҪԴԴҪʦʦҪԵлԵȴҲķǧ꣬ųɾ͵Ԫǿǰˣֻһٶ꣬ѾǵԪԼֻһˡ˭֪һμ棬᲻ͺԼһˣ
᲻߳Ƕû߳·ͻƺϵ
ǵδ޷
ֵ¶һ˿ȻҹδͻƵԪ⣬һ뵽ŵ״еļΪԪõźˣʲôĵģ
ʱͻƵĵԪڣ
ͻˡͻƵġ
ǡֵĿһ֪ҹδͻƴĵ϶ʿĺôڵ״
ѾĸԪ߸ʮʮŸܵ
ããֵĴЦѩ͸ҲĵЦ
Ͱ׷ѩֻ࣬һţԪĸԪ߸ĸʮŸܵ
ιҪʰɣֵЦǺǵ
ǣ
У
ԪҹδزͤΧҹδ۰⣬ԪθͰ׷ѩҲģ֪ǰҹδ۰콾ֻкôûл
ҹδ۰£֮ǰһ¶ַ⣬һ£Ԫθ˽˶򣬴һǧٶ֮С
ºҹδ۰뿪ɽҲֿˡ
ҹδȥѧԺѾͻ˵ԪӦöܹһЩԾȥǱһʱ䡣۰ȥ˰׻۹һʱħ
ҹδȻصѧԺϥǰͻƵԪ֮󣬶һĸо

·һУпһС
ѾпʼϺǣҴĻǽ˴Ҫǿʼܰԡ
ʱһȥҹδͬһ񣬶ǰһ
һ££¡
һ
ҹδӰͻȻ˷ɢΧ˰˸ҹδ롣˸Ӱһȥ
֮ϡ
ҹδӶְ˸ҹδ롣г̳ǣ˸ҹδͬʱ̳ǣܾȻһģһβͣӶ˸ҹδǰվλ໥ת
ϣ
ҹδսüչ
пռ䣬ĻǽԣһֲͽԲɡ
ȥĸˡ
ҹδûмȥ˵ЩﵽƿҲҵǳΪͻƵԪ֮󣬲ܹٴŷԾʽڼ̫ķʱ䡣


805 
ʮ֮ҹδ˰׻۹ĵ۶۰Ѿ뿪ˡһ£Ѿ뿪졣ҹδħ֮طȥ
ʮ֮ҹδٴħʬǰȻͨħ˽ȥҵ۰ԡ
ʱ۰ҹδ뿴״ʼЩ
ħʬڵħڷӿڣ۰ԵѾʹ֮ɫ֪ǰ˫ۣһ˫ɫ۾ͬ޾ҹգҹδǿҵѹȸС
ĸ磡
۰Ա۾δ룬뿪ɡ
ĸ磬㡭û°ɣ
û£ҵĻԵ
ҹδĬȻʱ۰ԸͲûµӡ۰ԣĻԵҲ۰뿪ѹħҲֻѹƣһᱬһܹħۣǳ׽⡣
ǡ
Ҳ۰ԻҲ۰Գħ
ôѡ
ôѡδȷķ
ҹδ̾ϢһҲֻܹ۰ԵѡȻȥ
֮
ҹδصڣλ׼뵽ӦʥУʱ˵࣬ϾʣԪĲˡ
ȥɽһ£ѾȶΪȸ͵ڱչأѰһ˿ͻƻԪ
ȻȶΪҲǱչأҲûɶ¡ҹδͶҽ죬Ȼ뿪˶ҹδ뿪ǰӦµʥأǸпĽ
пǣ뵱ҹδ뻹СǼʮĹ򣬾ȻΪԼһˡҺܿͻᳬˡ
ĽǣӦµʥרŸҹδġȻҲǵԪȴܽȥ
ҹδ߽˴ǰĵϺҪѧԺǸ̫ԣϾӦ
ӦĸҹδоԼϵĵˡ̤У룬ϥس뵽ס
ҴҹȥһƬƽ
һǰ˷ɽһڵӿʼߣȸ͵ȻûͻƻԪȴоԼҵȷķֻҪԺ˳ŷ߾Ϳˡ
ԣ׼֮λҹδ룬ȻԼһıչֻҹδҲûгأ룬㿪ʼܵʿҪѰһΪҪǾӪǿθţԼͿרشˡ
ȥտһܵʿ
ʿ壬ڵʿҲܴˡҹδ֮ǰѾʿŵģû˵һ㡣
⣬󣬵ҹδûм֮ǰڴʲôƣ
ߴڷǸʱڸղ콾ӡѾˣȻ콾Ҳǵյĵг͵ġԣһ·ҲͻƵ۶ܵ硣ҹδͻƣҲ֮ͻƵܵ
ʱϾȸδ߲Զġܹ࣬ͻƵҴܣһӾܵˡ
ǣľӪ͹ܹʮǿҲȸеĵط
ȸĶǰ֪ԼһССܵΪʲôᱻټ
Ҫ֪ڵںǸʱѾͬˣǸʱڵܵʿмǸʱܵʿڶǸ߲ˡأ
ʮŸܵ
߽˶ȸؾصʩ񣺡Ӽ
ȸ´壬Ȼֱӿڵ壬㵣ŵĸӪ͹ŵһУΣ
Ȼ۾ȫ𾪡ȻؿȸȸҲɫ棬֪ȸЦ
ܿ侲ȸܹߵԭ𣿡
ȸ⣬ȻԼеˣܹô侲͵
ҶڻԪһЩ׼֮λδ롣δҲڱչءδأҲûʱЩ¡ҪһΪԵһЩǾӪ͹ǿ
ⷽܲ츳ԼҲ㵱֮󣬻õĸҲҲкô
ô
ûȤ
룬ͷãӻᾡš
ȸصͷҲҪѹʲô˵鷳ʱңδ롣
ǣ
ȸٿŴᣬԼľȻԼȥչˡҲû飬飬Ҳ
ȸģҷԣ
ȸΪʮҹδˡ
ҹδΪѾͻƵ˵Ԫ۷壬ҲǵԪ۷塣ǲܼͻƣֻǸо鸡ˡ׼ʵһʱľ硣


806 ǰ
Ǹ֥ĺôûȫչֳ˵ֻչֳһ㣬Чʮһ㡣Ϊ;ûȫǵƣԼֻ֮һ
ҹδ׼ȥǱ߿Ѱһʱǳżһ£ԼٶϿշУҪ򣬹ҲҪҵʱ䡣ʱ䣬Ѿ㹻ڵľ纻ʵ
Ǹʱ򣬲ûҵǳƬͻơ
ҹδһ߳ͿһѶڶĵϣһץȻʶ̽飬вֳһ˿ϲ⡣
ȸȻһȻ󻹽֮λԼˣ
ϲĲԼȸⷬٶ˵Ҫʱչأ˵ҵͻƻԪķ
Ǵ°
ȸܹͻƻԪԼͲôˣϵѹҲͶȻ̫ࡣ
˵ʵҹδԼ飬Լͻƺܿ죬ƺҲʵˡû鸡̫֮ˡԭĴǣԼͻƻԪ֮󣬻ỨѴʱżͻˡΪԪѾ㹻ˡ
һֱԼĥûԲŻͻơ
ȸܹͻƻԪڿʼͲͻˡ
ϣܹͻưɡ
մѶڵϢҹδնȥһ̱˸ĶǰᴥǰƣܿӶڳҹδʩ

ҹδͷȥ˵ɡ
룡
˽붴ֱϲ֮ҹδʵ
θ
ûУ˵һе֮󣬺¶ˡ
ǲΰҹδЦҡͷ˼ڲʱ򣬰ֵ϶ڣһŸôϷģ
ǵǾȲˣţҪȥһʱ䡣
岻һ㣬ôôΣ
ҹδڰֵһվɾˡŹãŲḺ㡣ȻĲˣҲᰴ洦
ǣ幧
Ƚŵ˵˵
һʱ࣬彫飬޾ϸ˵һ顣ҹδ밵Եͷȸǿ׵ģѡȻΪһ㣬ǹŵû˵
òʲôģҡ
֮ϲ֪ҹδԼĽҲ㽫ԼһһҹδҲһһ⡣
һ¹ȥǻܵһһͻܵ㡣ҹδȡһЩԴһڣݸ
Ҹ͸ģһµĽ㻹ûг㳹ˣټЩԴӦÿͻƵܵڡ
忴һ۴ڵԴֿ̲סЦˡʺ츳ȷǲ콾ҲһӢǱ콾бһԪһµĻԵ
еԪ׼ôԴ
㣬ͻƵܵˡֻСͻƣֲǴ󾳽磬һԪѵһ£׼ôʺϾԴͻƣǾͲǾӢˣˡ
Ȼڵĸ֮ǰȣźܶԴˡļƻУҲʮҵʱ䣬ͻƵܵڡڡ
Ҳʱ㹻ˣһӽʡʮʱ䡣
ǣһ㣬Ȼ̧ͷҹδ룺γȥҪã
ʱɡ
ͣΡ
⻹ǰŶӸҰͲܵŸƫˣ
ˣҹδվȥˣŹá
ҹδֱӱ뿪ţŵھŹصķȥڵΪҲͲһµʱ䣬˵ھŹءأȻڰ֮ϣķȥ
ڵΪֻҪǻԪѾûĸĶ֣ҲʮֻҪӦϢûй¶ȥĻԪҲӣҽɱû⼸ʮ꣬ʮֺƽûʲôͻ
ҲûпԼмҾڰ֮ϷɣҲȥ壬ǿˣͿˣûáȻҲ̫ţǾϢѰǳƬϢ
һһ¹ȥ巢ҹδ롣ҲûǰţװûпҹδϢǺܿ촫壬һ岿峤ȥҹδ룬͵ûпҹδ롣
ȻҲҪסҹδʣʲô
룬ºҹδ뷢ͻµĲҹδ룬ӦԾҹδɣԶ۲졣ʵϣҲܺ棬ҹδ벻¶ӣڿзɣ⾿Ҫʲô


807 ƽ
һ£ҲûзǳϢҹδҲΪ֪ǳƬƬڴָУһܹ֪ġǷڱڣҲܹ֪Ϊıûд֡
Ҵ¹ȥ嶼Իˡ
ѵҹδͷ羰ģ
һա
ҹδͣһصϿգֳ˷֮ɫڸ֪ǳϢָĿһɽϡָǳϢǸɽӦɽУı⡣
һֱ壬ȻҲͷڿеҹδ롣
һ£嶼
ҹδ֮ǰһֱڿзɣûĸͣʱȴͣԼصϿգʲô˼
һͲ䣬ΪߵҲҹδ룬ûġ
Ȼ󡭡
ǾͿҹδӿнֱصĴǰ
ҹδҲˣûбҪͻϾأĴ塣һɱˣƸۣٹӦԼΣա˻罻סԼӦֻҪԼϹƽףҲܾҪܾɱҲ١
ԣŹأɽſڡ
ǲ峤оһɣôعأµġҲ֣Ͻӭ˳Զʩ
ľҹѡ
ľѡ
ҹ룡
ľ룡
˽뵽ҹδҲûйĨǣֱӵ
ľѣҪ͵һס
ľһ㶣˾裬Ҫұɣ
ʲôף
ľӦҲ֪ǰǳ飬Ƭ磬ǳȻ֮⣬ܹ򣬵ڵ
ľͷҹδ룬˵
ǴѰǳƬ˼ڹ֪ǳƬϢ͵һס
䣬ݹȥһľӹʶһɨüëһЩԴҪġǶǳƬûӡ
ȷǳƬ
ţȷҹδͷ
ãɴ˴֪ĸ򣿡
ҹδվȥȻԷ˴ǾûʲôġͨÿͨСأ뵽⣬ҹδָҵǿǳƬǸƬ峤
㻹Ƭ𣿻߼Ƭ
Ǹ峤¼һԼĴָźҡҡͷҹδǳƬ峤ǣ뿪أȥ
ҹδȥ֮󣬱彵䣬ǼԪɳҹδĵԪʿҹδ벻ǲ֪ȴװ֪ʿ峤Ŀе֪ҹδ˵Ŀ֮󣬱֪ͨ˼Ԫ
Ԫ̾һҹδĿģҲͷǣҹδԼȥѰǰһæ
ҲǶӦͷ⡣
ЩԪԼıѰһ飬ҵǳƬȻǽǳƬ¼Ӱ񣬷ŵ岿䣬ǿʼԲ顣
һУҹδ붼֪Ľ򣬰ռȶ·ߣŹκһ俪ʼѰ
º
ҹδзУһѣ
ҹδͣڰ֮ϣתͷȥһ̤ƷһԪʿھҹδ֮ͣ£ֵ
ҹѣǳµӣâ
ѡҹδ빰ֻ
âȡһݸҹδ֪ҹǰѰǳƬ´еĲңҵ飬
ҹδ۾һӹ˴ʶ̽飬ȻǳƬ˴ŷâֵ
лѡȻȡʮ˹ȥҵл񡣡
âҲûпӹʮʶ֮̽Ҳʮ⡣ҹδѡԴЧģеҩܶࡣȻЩԴڻԪûʲôЧԵԪЧҲޡԵԪ֮£Чͺǿˣ
ҹδȡݸ˷âװǵԪƣԵԪʿҲЧ

ԴƣҽƷ͸ҹδ֮ҹδ磬ֱҵƵĲϣΡһΣľƣѾԳΪԪơһһΣҹδȻ֮ΪԪƣȴ֪ڻԪǷЧҲһѰǳƬһѰŵرһƵľơ
ǻԪȹһڣеܲס


808 
ҹδҲƵĺ٣ǵԪ˲٣Ŀҩһ롣ҲʹЩҩҲûá
âԪƾȻԵԪʿЧ۾һȻĿЩڴһ
ƵľƣҲ֪ԻԪЧҺȹһڣԪʿЩܲסûȥԪǰ
âжҹδӡãûмʿ͸˴ҹδЩе
ҹѣʲôҪæģ
ûˣҹδҡͷһҪĽһʱ䡣
âʾԼףȻռЩƬ͸ҹδ룬ҲҰأ
һͨ壬ҹķ㡣
лѣ
ҹδĵлʵģ˻ʡȥܶ鷳˷ֱ𣬿ҹδӰʧâһɽϣԪƵǸ򿪣ֻжʮС̳ӡȡһС̳ӣſڣһŨɢһһڿˮȻĹ˺һڡ
Щʧζʹûкȹôõľơ
˹ˡ
֪У㽫һ̳ӵԪƸȹˣ̰ؿһʣµľƣĪѹסԼȵͷȻϥ
л㱣ȴƺ˶оˣ·֮С
һһһҹ
ۣɾȫޣȴ
оԼԪԲһ˿Ȼֻһ˿֮ǰʮжûйģѾʮ궼ûжˡ
ö
룬ȡ˾̳ӵԪչԼʮ̳׼Ͻ뵽˭ҹδ򽻵ֻԼˣǡȻԼҪһЩˡ
ߣ
ȻһڵĻԪƣֻ̳ӡһ̳ӣ룬ûҡ
ųĶȥ
Ӱݼλ棡âվڳȼԪǰʩ
ҹδΣ
ʵҲһ˿ԼһԪ棬ȻҪηһССԪӦڣӦҹδ棬Լһ
â¶ЦݵҹδܸмΪһС
ˣҹδмΪһУ˵ҹδˣԼЩ͸ȥǳƬͲǸģǸڵģǸӦġҲǺӦһԵ
âȡʮ˹ȥҹδл񡣡
һ֣ץУʶһɨΪ⡣ЩãȴáҲֳҹδ⡣
ҪǣҹδڣӦͱ˺ܶࡣҲֳһ˿Ц⡣
âȡݹȥ棬ҹδƵĵԪƣܹʮ̳˵ԵԪʿЧζ
ŶһֽץУأ
ֻ̳ƣҲҹδƵġҹδ˵ȻȡΪԪƣȴҲ֪ԻԪǷЧѰǳƬڼƵġԼȹһڣܲס뼸λ波
һ£Ԫ涼Ȥ磬ûʲôܹǵȤˡ쵱ȡһ̳
ȳ
ǵǲжҲΪҹδ׾ӵֶǡοжҲδܹ־硣ǽֻһڣʣµļԪ㶼۰Ͱ͵ضΪȻûкȣȴŵ˾㡣
̫ˣ
ûŹôľơ
۾Լӵʱ䣬۾ϵЦŨжҹδӡ󶼺˺ܶࡣ
ԪȻ˵ֻôһ˿˿İζ̫ҶȺȡ
ֺһڣȻ̳ӵݸԵĻԪʿȻԷâ
ҹδڻȥ𣿡
ûУ˵Ҫһʱ䡣
ţͨȥҹδķ㡣
ǣ
ʱҹδһɽ֮ϣǳȡ˳ȻǳƬǳϣǳ䶯ƬںˡʱǳѾָ֮ĵģ
ҹδΧ󷨣Ȼʼǳ
һ꣬꣬ꡭ
ҹδ壬ǳڼҵһǳԽԽԪ۷ľѾȫȹ
һա
ҹδڰ֮ϣ΢΢̾ϢһҲѰˣҲûǳƬ彮ǱߣЩ⣬ΪŴֲر⣬̽鲻µĵطҲҹˡǳûвȫ


809 
ȻȥɣѾˡ
ҹδ뻯һ⣬彮ȥ
º
ڡ
ҹδĶڡ
ҹδԶɫЩء
ԴǰҲڸصʼȿʼǣڵΧڵڣУ
ҹδֹסʲôʱڵΧڽˣ
⡭Ķͷһϸ뿪ųȥºҾڵķչ̫ˡкϵ棬ԪǿĵԪҾͼӿŷչٶȡ񲻽ΪĵķԲﶼŵΧҸѡһЩ֮ǰߴڷΧڵźͼʻʼ̽غߴ档
ҹδͷ۵üġ⻹ûа취塣Ϊ֪ӦѾˡ
Ӧûɵû
ǣӦѾ˰
ȥߴڵ棬ǲ
ǣ²òܣһãͻߴڻӦǲѾˡüģ
ߴڸɵģ
ҲЩͷ۵ҡͷҵߴڶ˵ǸɵġҲŵŵ顣
ɬһѡ
ҹδ˼ųܣѵĿԺܴ󡣵ҲųûĿԡǼŭڣûκκôôģ
һҾȥˡʮֲ˳ɱһЩʿܵʦܶˡ
ҹδһʹÿһܵڵڶǱô
ڵ鵽һ˿˿ڻĵУǲ鵽һ˵֯֯ɱ¾ⲿǿ϶ġǻûкߣ߱ûˣͲ֪ˡ
һҹδ룺ҾɳܵʿѾˡǲɳʿ£
֮ǰܵİŵˡ
Ϊʵǹŵˣβ֪ܵʿڵжôҪ
ڸս׶ΣûһܵǶһ޴ʧΪܵſܱŵܵࡣжЩ£ҹδȸ
ãҹδȻɫЩѿȴû׳ŵǲʿ֮ǰҲ룬ûеӡһ˵ŻôԼʹ
ҹδ룺ɳҲԣǿºѱܣõ֪ˣڰǺΣա
Ǿ£
ҹδ룬ҡͷɣȥɡǾصʵڱ¶ҲûʲôǾǡ
ǰأˣ
ȥ

循ȣͬʱһҲҹδǵԪսˣҹδ԰ȥһˡ
ҹδͷȥ£ʵǷڵڶλ鷴ǷڵһλЩ͵Ԫߵľ飬Ӧöҡ
졣
ɲǲԴӼţûŴ೤ʱ䣬ˣ˭ȵľ飿
ôһ룬Ҳʵû˱ҹδʺˡ㹰ְݵ

ҹδڰ֣ûгأ
ûУ
ҹδͷȥŰɣȥɽ
ǣ
˳˶ֵȥҹδ˺ɽ뵽ûʶ̽飬ֻǾƬ̣֪ȸͶһڱչ֮Уתȥа
Ҳ֪ǶʦͻƻԪ͵ʦͻƻԪ
ǶܹͻǾͺˡ
ص˶ϥʼϸϸ˼
Ե˵һвһãߴڷŨصĻɣŴܴΣ
Ҳ֪˾һʲô֯
ѵǶгˣˣ
ԭλ׼չؼ꣬ΪԪ۷壬Ҫһˡ
ȡһĶصĶǹ¼ĵϣйڸ˵ϡ
أ֪ſڽƱ߳ȴȸվ⡣бһϲˣ
ȸһߣһߵʦ壬ڲ
ʦ壬Ҫͻ𣿡ҹδһߣһڴʵ
ûУȸҡͷЩһЩϣҷŸ֪ˣȥ˶Ƿʲô飿
ʦ壬Ӧ㲻ùܣҪ


810 
ҲǱչأҸоԼƿҪһʱ䡣ҲһǧԪ
ǺãǷһЩ顭
ҹδ㽫ԭϸ˵һ飬ȸͰļƻȥɣɱɱֶοԲпһЩ֪ڲǡڵԽǿƣԽȫ
ף
׼ȥ
ȥ￴ɣǵϱ˵ľݵ𣿡
аɣ׼ʲôʱȥ
Ͼߡ
֮ǰȥ
šĿ⣬ȥ
ҹ
ҹδȻ뿪ţڵΪ뿪ߴڵ̽Ҳ첻
뿪֮󣬱ݳҶīģϢ̤ƶУŵķȥ
Ҷīһݣ¶ϢǴһ˿ħģɱ¾Ϣǰ׼ɱģѡҶīݡ
ȥϸ飿
ҹδûбҪʵ̫ķʱ䣬һδܹ࣬ǾͲɱʹɱܹɱ࣬áɱܹ࣬ԷɱˣܹߴڲӦѾ䣬ˣĿҲﵽˡ
磬ߴڱܲĶ֡˴һֱڶʼʱǸԶӦճ֮󣬱ߴڶ
ʵϣҲǡ
ߴֻ֣һЩ¼Ӧıŭ
ʱƣߴڵ̽ԽԽƵԽԽԣҹδҪƵƵ̽ϣߴмɵ
ߴڲ֪Լ֪ӦѾ䣬Ԫãҹδ뻹ûͻƻԪ֮ڽƲӣʵ
ȸ͵죬֪᲻ͻƵԪ
ԣڿ죬ʵúܡ
ҹδ룬ȸ죬ңʵжʮǺ͵ġԽԽ֪ʱһҪǿơһˣΣ١
Ҳҹδɱ¾ֶµԭ
ɱ֯˶ãѾɿ˵Ͱ˴ŵʷһƴΪ˴ţǲϡôһɱ֯Ҳе顣˴̫ǿˣܾǰͽ˵ϳˡֻûе˴ţ˴Ҳô
ҲʮֽҲδɱ˴ŵʿ˵ɱʮأûб˴ڷ֣ɱĻǰ˴ŵҪ԰˴һֱҲûԸˣ⵹ø˴˴Եʮء
ο
ɱֹ֯һкܶ࣬ӡ
ϵɱֲ֯ϵɱ֯񸴳ִϵɱ֯ĺٺ١
һ֤ɱ֯ܽأһҲ֤ɱ֯ʵǿ
˵ϳڵʹ½紦طڵʹ˵ǱԵشߴڴ״̬Զشһַβܵ״̬ΪĳЩ飬ͻ
һͳܵĵطӰ˵ѿһҵĵش
ҹδ֮⣬㽵ڵϣͽǱ߽ӽ
Ϊɱ֣ǵһҹδڵشӿзȥضᱻɱֲ֯Ҽӡ
ܹϵɱ֯ôСĶΪ
յõϣڸ˵ʵģܹɱܵôҲҲУҹδ²⣬ԪҲûпܡ
ԣ˵ɱֳַ֣һţһš
ŶǸԼɱ֣ڵϵ磬û֪Щɱݣȡķʽдɱʱݶȡȡͣû֪ǵݡ
Ϊ״̬ŵɱ֣ڸûʲôĿԣʵȴǲβ롣еĿܺеĿܼǿһ˸ˣЩɱֱͬˮ󺣣ʧϢ
ҹδҲ֪ɱ¾ʿţšɱˡΪ֪ĺѵ顣ҲһɵĴʿòȻһɱ֡
׻

ɱ֯ϵ־һᣬһٶ˵İᣬΪߵİֻһܵʿҲܵʿµİڶܵһ¡
ʵİĺСܹһƬһ漣ƫƫˡ
һûй͹ˣ
Ȼҹδ֪׻ĹʲôǸˡ
ҹδûȶ֣ҲǸᡣҪһ֮Ȼܹ׻ˡ
ܲʵ


811 ҹɱ
ڵİ׻ڽҪ룬ضΪһĶ
ǲܼ׻Ϊܼİɡ
ҹδѡһڰ׻ֵһɣ
Ͱ׻ﲻԸ֮䶷˼Σ
ҹδ˽һ£Цˡ
ֻһİɣʵǿİҲֻһܵ˻ܹͰ׻භضİ׻ˣҹδ붼ɣҲǰ׻ĵģΪ׻ڡ˵Ǹ˵һϳ
ҹδ뽫ԼΪصϸȻ̺˳Ҳûһϸʿ£̫ˡҲȴӵáҲ˰ߵȵͰ׻ͻʱڻҡ
ĺ˳
ҹδûʶȥ̽׻ⱻ˲
ڵݣҹδڽһ䣬һС¥Ķ㡣бŽֵİ׻վڴǰԽ׻￴ʮϸ
Ŵڴķ϶ҹ俴Ű׻Լ֡ʶΪʶ̽ûпܹ֪
ȴǿģҹδһ߼ӣһ
ûȥԪĵ;Ѿȫ˵ƣǲҲ᲻ϵֻٶһЩӦʥأԲһʱ䣬ⰵһⰵ򣬱ͻƷʥĿܡ
ÿȥ׻£͸զզû£㷵Լķ䡣ϣһֱ۲׻
ȥ
վڴǰҹδ룬üͷһ
ûп׻һ˿쳣ڽ죬쳣
׻û£ػص˷䣬ڴ棬۲Ű׻ȻͿһͷˣ߽˰׻Լһ֮˳
ҹδлȻӦþǸ˵ɱ֣񣬻ǽ
Щ˾Ͱע⡣
ҹδȻ뿪ˣǸˡ̴ҹδһǸ˵ǰ
ʱҹδѾָԭòͷԼʵܣǸˡǸһӾͽӲˣ˲亹͸ȥ
ҹδܣ˵ҹδ롣
Ǹ˾һԵĶ£·ʼˮˣʱܹˣȴɷг˿־塣
˵Ӱ
ҹδɱ˭£
֪Ķ˵˰ɣˣԲɱ㡣
ҹδ뵭Ǹ˻˻ꡣҹδɱŵġҹδŪֻҪԼҹδ⣬Լܹ±㽫Լ֪һһϸ˵ԼܵΪ磬˵ȵȵȵȣԼɱ˶ˣ˵˳
ҹδ꣬ڵ˵ȡڰ׻ĵ£ڵһܻأӦûֹһ㣿
ԣֻǽȥһ㡣
ҹδͷڲܷߣҵķڴһʱɣҴ˸˵飬뿪
дϲҹδϰڷڣ֤ûɱġ
лǰ
Ҫ
ǣ
ҹδֽս˷ȻֱҶīòס
죬һЩ˽׻ڼ񻹺Ͱ׻﷢һγͻҹδҲμ˳ͻװģĴһټܡ
ա
ҹ
ҹδ뿴һӰͻأسڰ׻ſڡһ۾ϳ˾ڵһֻûзһʿҹδֲʶ̽飬ֻĿȥѰûҵһڵ
ҹδ벻ɵͷʿҲ
һһ
ҹδ΢һɣ˵Լ֣λͰˡ
ಣ
λԽ˴ţԺҹδĿԽΧǽԺλͥŲߣǷˣһɱˡʼգûбһжϢнС
һɱɱ˰׻ĺ԰ʿʶɨһɽ֡ΧżɽתһȦӦòһʦ߶ͨתһȦԼ޷󡣱һӡ
һӡ˲ͬһɽһ㣬Ǹɽ˹ȥ
¡¡
ˣɽ촷ۣ¶һضǸ¡ҹδ㿴һƺӰҲ뵽Ǹضǵڶ
ʱ䣬ӵص״
ϣһʿԾݼŰ׻￴ȥҹδҲ˴ĹۿšʵҲʲôֻܹ


812 
ҵĲӵضð˳ʶΧĿռ䡣ҹδӳʶǵضȥΪִʱźܶʶ̽롣Ҳûʲôù˼ɵġ
ʶȱǿܹ֪˵ʶ̽ĹУʶûñ˷ʶ
ʱڶҲˣݿһر㽫µһʿɱ⣬뵽˵ڶ㣬Ȼֽڶɱ⣬뵽㡣
Ȼһǿ֣ǸҲһļл£ʼ֧
ڵϵʮĬȫѹ˶֡ӵʱ䣬㽫Ǹնɱ
Ѿһ㣬ʿμٷӣһѲû©ˣһ潫ܹߵĶ
ҹδ΢΢üͷ
ȻһǸ˾ʵ
ʵڣ
Ҫ֪ߴڶڣƾһֻһʿ֯͸ڣ
ⲻ
ʱڵѾӵضȻնУԶɶȥ
ǡ
ոշ𣬱ճһ죬ڱҹգʿ֡

ХҰ
г˺ҧ˹ȥ
ҹδĿ˴֮ϣվһˣʹŴ죬ʿȥ
һʿ˲·硣

ҹδĿһϳǸˣİ
졭
ڼпٵ˼ҹδǶ̫ĵ伮ܹвı

ֹв
Ҫ֪ʱʹҲһ

ƽʱֳֻܵΪʱȴֳΪ죬˵ִ棬ֱ죬׻죬ȸ죬졣
˵赣ܹնɱԪ
ǣ춼Ϊ˵ʧܾˡ
ʱȴһʿУһɱֵС
ֻһ죬棿
ҹδĿƿʿϣʿԽԽǱҹδɣȥͻ¡
ҹδһϵȥһۣ¶һ˿Ц췭ʮҹδ롣
ˣ
ҹδ
𡭡
Ⱥ
Űپʮ˳ȥ
ҹδͻƵԪÿһӵʵ
ǾŰپʮӵʵ¡¡ؾѹǼʮֵĿռ˺һѷ죬ҹδӰʹѷд˳ȥ̧Ǹһץ
һֻץ˹ȥ
ɫ󾪣췭ɣȥܴµӭҹδ֡
ǡ
̫ˣ
ոŷ֮ƣҹδĴѾץס
һͱˣѪ䡣
飡
ҹδһץסˡ
𡭡
ҪѣҹδǿʶɨĨȥһʶӡһӾʵˡ˲СɰƴСҹδץУͷȥ
Ŀ˼
ģһʶӡͻɢȥǷȴһӡڡ
˵첻ֻǽá
ҹδʶǵصһжʶ֮£ȴû˿֡
ϣ
ʶֻ˲䣬ͽİںͽһɱΪ촷ۡ
Ȼҹδ룬ǿԷˡ
ĿһȻȥҹδҲһʧ޼
ȥãڿУ·ȥһԵһԴ¡
Ȼܣǵʹ²Ĳܡ춼ˣôܲ
ʦôʿԴʿʵ
µĺüͷôҲ²˭ɵġ
ǣ
㱨ɡ
ʦ˵ǡ
Ҳֻͣһ£ȥ
ڵ뿪ʮ֮󣬱ٶȣַһʱҲûмҹδ׷б֪ҹδ벻ˡвЩϾûҹδļʱ¡
˶һۣͬʱ̾Ϣһһ˵߰ɡ

ʱ緢ȥʱ
ҹδʱϥҰһïܵĴϣϸ鿴š


813 ۻ
ĳΣһΧơ
ʶ̽飬ûз飬ҹδʧ
ֻһȴһ鱦
ʶʼ죬Լպ챻ҹδ볹һѶϢӿ˼С
ҹδ¶һ˿ȡ
컹˲ãʹȻÿֻܹͷžžŰʮһÿһȴֱӺʹʿΪһ
ϣΪܹһͷųŰپʮϣȴǿҹδʵͷŵγɵҲ֮ҹδʹ죬ȴͷųԪܵ
˲ˡ
ȻҪͷŵԪܣķǳǳ󣬵һǿĵơ
ο
ҪСǿͷܵ͵
ҹδ뽫Ӵڵķȥ
ȻˣҪ˽һɽ硣ϾΪλᰵɱڣҹδҲֻɱȴûɱһ
һ˽⵽áһãҲǶɽĽھ
⼸ʮ꣬Ǳչأǰһʱ䣬ֶǱߣȷʵߵơ
۲һ£΢ɡ
νߴˣʵûôסߴҲһ飬֮Ҳ
ֻΪڣЩڸ߲һķΧ֮ڡڵײ㣬١
ôûҹδаҲӦˣ滹ţֻż¶棬ھͿ׵һһߴν߽⡣
ϧѾˡ
ţ
ԼеǸɱ֣һ˷Ȼͷ˳
ĿĹˣѾڴµĵؽ磬æҹδʩ
ݼǰ
ҹδ뿴ԵЩɱֶһѶ飬ûϢ
ǣ
ȡѶ飬̽ʶһɫЩŹֵ̧ͷ
ǰϢ
ʲôϢ
Ҳ֪˷ΪźţһЩ˵ٰ֪ܲһξۻᡣ
ŵľۻ᣿ûŲ룿
ûУҡͷ
ҹδ˼ҹδڸҿ϶׻ԲǸ˵ϳ˵ǣڲˡΪڰ׻ﲢûп̫ŵӣرһЩͯ
һɱ֯꣬űضǴץôûкͯ
ڵ֪νϳ֮Ҫоۻᡣ
ʲô˼
Ĳ
žۻĿʲô
ҲҪ齨һɱ֯ɣϾʲôֳɵġ
ҹδͷҲˡ
ȥˣôİ𣿡
ԵģÿֻܹһˣΪˣܽ뵽ˡ
ߣ
˲ûи߿շУطС˸ΪһЩһ߷ӣһ߽
ɱܹ֯õԴĺܶࣿ
ǣҲΪΣաЦЦÿõԴʵֻСͷͷɱĿ֮󣬴Ŀϻõջ񡣡
ʬ
š
ȻʬôɱɱΪҪɱ֯
ܲɱɣ
ǡҹδͲɱ
Ҳ˵ǣ͵͵һҹδ룬Щɱĳ̶ҪСܶࡣϾܹȥɱɱˣǸɱĿ꣬Ҳȡ֮
ҹδ룬ˡ
һһģ㶼춨
ɱܹ֯ӹĵڡ
ǲϲɱ֯
Ϊɱ֯ûһ̶ֻҪǮ͸ɻͻ׵سΪеĵҾơ
бҪҹδɱ
֮
ɽ
Ǹɱֻ֮ء
ҹδ˺ɫĶ񣬶һߣԼڵʵʵҹ֮£ɽɽ
º
ɽһ
ˮ֮ضޡǽҹºΧȴûһޡǶһӰ
ЩӰһ𣬻һ˸ֶ
ҹδּ䴩˳һٶĿ⡣һ򼣬ɣž衣ȡǸѶ飬һѶϢ
Ϸ򼣬մˡ
һٶ˱㶼鿴Ѷ飬Ȼмӭ򼣬þò
ʱҲıǼ˶ͼЦţ󣬺þò
˴յһ𣬼ҹδͽܣ


814 
ڰ֣ҵһѣʵһҪǿһ
ҹδ빰ֵҹӥλѡ
ҹӥѡǰҹӥʵ򼻹ǿһࡣ
ξۻᣬô³̣ʵ
ҡͷ˵ǰ׻ȸ֯ġ񸴳˱ڸˣӦҪһɱ֯ɣ
ҹδǱ鴤һ£˭֪ڸġ
дһ˿ǣѵҪڸ𣿡
ʲôأ׻ȸ˵ڸĻЩ̾Ͷ뿪Ƿˡ
缸һֱһʣڣ˹ӶǸԼľٶ
˭֪ҡͷֻʯɱˡ
ˣ
ҹ¡
Ӱ£㶼Ǻɫ񣬴ߡһŰ׻һȸ
ʡ
˱Ǹɱ֣׻ȸ˺ԼΪѹðºԵһٶɱ֣ϢΪֹһ͡ҹδһ
۷壬Բ
ΪѾʮ־ˡ
ɽ磬ԪʿͲ˵ˣôҶȫԵǲڡ˵ԪɽĴڡ
ǵԪҲǳٰ밡ɽںͺɽڣִţҲֻһԪԵԪҲɽģϸͿԪʿӰ
ˣʿ
ʵϣǻʿڽ߶߶Ҳɽ¶ˮڽ߶ΪΪΪ򡣶ʱ׻ȸȻһ۷壬Բ
ϸ˵ţ³ɹʼ
ǺǡͻȻºȺͻȻһЦλô簡
Ŀȥһͨѷֱĺɫ̧ͷ˰еİ׻ȸҹδȥһҩ
еİ׻ôҩѲ
ǲ

ã
˵ºΧˣǰеİ׻ȸҲһ㡣û뵽ҩӦս

ƾʲô
䡭
ҩȻһŰȥ
ҹδĿһ
Բ
׻ȸɫҲһ䣬ʱҩѾߵ˺Ͱ׻ߵĿУƫͷһȸ
ȸҲҪ룿׼һ
ȸȥѣЦˡ
䡭
ɱְ
ݣûа׻ҩ̾սһ𣬴þ춯أº顣
ҹδ뻹ǵһβμɱֽ磬档
湻ֱӰ
ҹδĿϸۿĿⲻ˸
׻ҩˣԲ֮ˣźܴĿԳߴš
ߴŵӰӡ
򼣬ǷֳʤΣҹδʵ
˭͵ɱ֯ĸ¡
ܴ󣿡
и˵󲻴󣿡
ҹδȴ΢΢üͷ룬ûʲôԣΪֻһܵΪûдﵽ磬˽⻯ҹδǵԪ
˻磬ĵر֮ԴڻʿûʲôЧˡʿҪͻƵԪĻ򣬶ش򣬲Դܹѻġ
˵ʵ˻磬ʯûʲôЧࡣ
ǵʲô
ҹδ룬ԼϤɱһУֱףֻǴܵ
ܹõĵر𣿡
һ£Щˡ̽شܵ
ǰǸ֮ͨԴûЧ𣿡
õľ磬ʵΪͻƵܹ֮ЧԴͷǳˡʿص㷽ʿô٣٣
룺ǰҲ֪᲻ĵرԴֻһܵӵҲҵʵΧ֮ڡ
ĵرܻеģӦǺ١
ҹδЩˣһжǴġҪ֪ȸͰ׻ʲô⣬Ǵſ¾֪ˡʵ
ҿȥ𣿡
һ£ǲԣֻҪǿԴġǰκʲôǡ
ֻǺ棡
ˣҹδֵԪʿʲôֵƢ
֣
ЩɱֲҴſһۣΪܵġ
ҲûܵһµģδѶҪܵϵʿܵһµľͲˡȵһ䶨֮ٻͨѶ֪ͨЩʿ
˵Ż᲻
ţ˲Ǳǰݻ𣿡
Ҿð׻ﲢϳ
˵ҹδͻȻһ˼ˡ


815 ǿƱ
ǰ
˵ȸͰ׻Ǹ쵼ߣȻҩҲпܡ
ܰɣǸˡˣһɱ֯˱ܹڡ
Ǻǣ˼ѿǡǾͿŰɡ˭ĸˡ
䡭
еĴԽԽңǸ׻زǶ֡
䡭
һ죬׻˳ȥҩҪ׷ɱȴȸѾɱ˹׻Ҳɱ˹
һ
ҩŭǱɡ
׻Цɣɱ֣˵ұɣ
ȻɣǴҶɺˣ
ͻȻӵϵȺдһһӰȸ˹ȥȻҲһڡ
ߣϵ𶯡
ɱֽҲһ棬ʵǿδʧءҲΪɣȴû뵽һڡ
ˣǺǡҹδ벻ɵЦ
ҡͷ̾˱Ļҵһ⣬˭ԣҲܵҲԡ
ǰ涯İ
ҹδҲ̾ߴΪ棬λڣֳĶ
ܽԭʮ˵أ˾
еսøӼңϵɱҲԾԾȻû˻ȴвдʱҲ˫ܾˣǾܹ֮
·ԾԾԣ׻ȸҲ׻̾Ϣһαˣкȵ
ͣ
еĸͣϵЩ˼ֳʧ֮ɫ
ҩؿŰ׻ôˣ̣
׻ҩҩҺȸһ¡
ҩ롱
׻ȸ˴ܣ׻ҩȻҪһǾ㣬ˡҺȸ˳
˵ҩͰˣǵϵЩɱҲһ㡣
ô˵˳˳ˣ
ҹδеתȻһҹδĴɫ𾪣ҲΥҹδĻ
׻ȸûв´ĻݣһֱǸ˵ĸ߲ɣ
ΧһĿ৵һϣҲڵŵɫû¶Ҫֻ֪һܵʱϵĿ⣬źܶĸ
ҹδһֱעŰ׻˫ۣȻߣǻܹ˫ۡ˰׻е֮ɫоһѸٵʱ׻Ѿ侲
򼣬Ǹ˵ĸ߲㣬кαһ⣿
ʱѾȥˣҹδ룬ӦûΣաĽԼ̲ٸɱһУû֪Լݡ
ǺǡЦ׻ҵΪǲߣҲɵӡѾڸˡҲ֪ΪʲôڡǺʣڵõ˲ʹĽѵ
Ȼϣ˻ٴγ
ȻңǾַʽ»һƤһ֣һɱ֯˼ܹڵĽܹ˳ĻȻЩɱ֣Ƶǰ浱ڻҡ
ǺֶΣ
žžž˰ơ
ৡ
˵Ŀⶼڰ׻ȸϡܹɱ֣һڣûб¶ݵˣɵӡʱôһ˵ҲӦ˹б㶼¶׹⡣
׻Ŀɱ⣬ʵʵɱ⣬һֵܹܵģζĺˡʱҩһĿ⾭֮Ц
ôˣҳϣȻǴ⣬ǵڻңҲͲҪǲˡվɱ׽ǵǸ˶
ϵ˶һܽǷܹӹܸˣǸ˴꣬Ǽҵױضʮַܹ׽ˣʳϳǾͷˡ
ڰ׻ȸǻԼߵҩͰ߲Ҳǻ

׻ͻȻЦȻһͬºе˶档ವشԶһʿ˴ˣһٶ˰Χ档
ɫ󾪣Ϊ˺ԼΪΪ͵ҲܵʮŰ˸ȻǻڣҲǻ
׻ĿȻɨˣȻԭź͸λƽǸλ룬Ǿˡ
ѡ
һһͶ
䣬ȡһƿ·һӣǸƿڵϣ׻Ȼ
ҪͶģԼȡƿڵһŵҩ£Ҹλһӵʱ䡣һӺûзµҩģɱ⡣


816 
˵ɫˣҩͰߵҲһ˿־塣
ﱻ֣ҪʱڳǲܡǺͰ׻Ƕ򲻹
ԷʮԼֻͻɡЩ˸Ǵ򲻹
û뵽˵ĵۺ
вɿЦÿһ֯򵥰
οһֱĬĬչɱ֯
ҲȱٴУҲΪأ޷ϹϷϵԴ¸˶еԪʿɣ
ô죿
ȻһΪҹδ붯ˡվ˿УŰ׻ȸ
ȻһҹδӦܹѹǰɣ
ǵԪ
ҹδվҹУĿֱӴʱİ׻ȸ
׻ȸս񣿡
ѾǵԪҹδ룬նɱѣǻ۷塣ȫֵĻܹһлɱһҹδ벢û̳֣ɲԸɱֵնɱˣҪնɱˡ
ҪøҰڵˣԺҲڡ
ϵʿҹδԣһȻǰҩͰ֣߳ҹδֻ֣˭
ûб־ѵɱ֣
׻ʱҲڴҹδ룬ֻźǣҹδڶڣߣϲ
λѲǸ˵ɱ֣ӲСȻǱ˵ҹѻ
ҹδ̧˺ɫһӣɫĶ·Ʈ䡣Ȼ̧ժߣͬӣ
ƶҹδ룡
⼸ڲɱλô𣿶ǽľٶΪ˶𣿡
׻ȸбһݣ嶼΢ɲĶһ¡
˵Ӱ
ҹδɱ˿־塣ǵҲǹ̫ƻˡտʼӶɱĶֻڵİӣҲ˵Ǹ˸տʼӵ񣬶Ǳҹ̫ˡȻҪӡǵɱ˼֮󣬹ٴιӶǵ񣬾Ŀŵ¶ϵˡ
Ȼӣǵһһڳ֤ݡѾɱʱɵˡ
Ȼ󡭡
̫ˣһֱɱȥǸʱǾͰϳӰ׻ˡҲ˽Ӧ֮ߣڽеġȴû뵽ҹδֱ׷ɱ˹׻̾Ϣһ
ҹѣ˵Ҳϵˣ𣿡
ҹδƽǷŲҪҪѾɱڵʿԣҪɱǡԭҪˡ
ֹϵǿʿ𶯡Щɱ֣ʱҲ룬Լûɱʿ⼸ûɱҹδ벻Ǩŭǰɣ
Щɱûɱ
ɱˣֻɱǲ֪Ͱ׻һ˹ֻǺ׻֪ˣЩɱȴ֪Ȼ󸴳˷Щʱ֪ĿڣοϽӣ
ԣʱǾûнӹڵκ񣬶ǽӱɱɱ֣Ǹ˵š
ҹѣҩ̲סˣǿûнɱʿκ񡣡
ҹδ뻹ûпڣǰ׻͹Ц˭˵ûɱңСɽСڣѵ¾ģ
ҩɫ䣬ӣ˲϶ˣҺСڱضڵİԼ˲֪Ž
һЩɱҲˣҩͰ໥ô죿ҹδɱ񲻻Źǵġ
ѵҪͰ׻֣
ǻԹΪá
ǣһԹۣҹδɱ˰׻ȸɱǣࣿǺͰ׻֣ʮһٶδûʤ
ʤΣ룬һԪҪ뿪ס𣿴ӴǾҪӭڵ׷ɱҪΪǵεģִţҪǵĸţδؾûа취
ѵǾҹδ¾
ҩҲԥѡн׻޵Ҫȥ˺ҧǽĿҹδ룬ǻûеȵڣ׻Ѿȵ
ɱ
׻οϸҩ˵Ļ᣿
һҹδԭµҩǣҪҩǼսҩһҹδ֣һһ׻ǱڽաȷѣҩᣬȻٹĶҩ֣˽ҹлնɱҹδ롣
ಡ
ʿҹδ룬׻ȸŰ˸ǰ档ʱҩȸѾ˵棬ЩɱҲɿؾ˹
ҩǰô죿


817 նɱ
ҩȴ򼣬ҹδʶ
Ц죬Ϊȥ׻񣬱ҹѸץˡ
ҩӿʵӦô죿
һţҩǰⲻΪ֪
ҩҹδӴǶûнӴҹδǣ
ϣ
ʱһƴ˼æ̧ͷȥҹδŰ׻ȸһץпռ佫棬һ̳ߵޱĽ⼤
пռ䡣
ǽ
ͬʱҹδϸֳһĻҹδ档
ۡ
߸㱻ߵԴ·׹䡣ʱ׻ȸпռڳײ棬ʣµǸ彩ӲڰУҹδĿ⣬˾塣
Щܵɱ֣ʱŸոճ嵽˰СȻͣתŴȥ
ЩܵǿǺҹδԪ̫ˡ
ˡ
һƬӷӵҹδܾòõķ룬۳һСֻͬĽ⣬ҹк
ʿǿҲ󲿷ֶܵεֵסԪһ
οҹδֲͻƵĵԪܹͻԪһսĵԪǣվ½һ㣬ͨͨصһصʬ塣ֻǲϢʱ䣬ԭʿһ塣
ֻа׻ȸпռײʵʵͣڰУһҶǸڣҹδĿ˿־塣
ʿа˸ʮµҲܵҹδǰľͬϡ
ϵҩͰߵ˾һɫӲ嶼ýӲ˴˶һۣ۵Գ
ŻܣǷͰ׻֡ת˲֮䣬׻˾ͱ¾һա֪⻹ҹδˣʣµİ׻˴ʱҲʬ塣
⻹֣
÷ûижʱصʬˡ
һӣЩ˾ʵˣսսվڵϣͷŰеҹδ룬Ҳû˼ֻҹδɱɱԱ̫ء
ҹδ뿴һ۰׻ȸ֪Ʋпռ䣬ҲȥܣǿԼǰǸڡǸڻһ£Ͱ͵
ǰǰǰǰ
ҹδ뿴ȻӦ֪ϳɣ
֪˹ϵ
ҹδصͷ˾ܹ˵ϳڵˡⲻΪȥһҲɽ羯ʾ
ǾǱڡ
֪ΪҪڣ
ǻʿҡͷֻ֪λ֪
ҹδĿʾһпռڵİ׻ȸ
ţǻʿʵ׻ǸȸǸ
֪ݺ𣿡
֪ǻʿҡͷ
ҹδͷǰʿ˵ĻҲأŻɱ֯꣬ûбɡ
ţ
ǣ
ʲô״
ĴռһЩ¶ȻҲǺСʱ˵Щп
ӦǺСͱ͵ˣȥ֮ǰ鶼Ѿǵˡ
ҹδҲһ̾Щ˻Ǳաһ뵽пռڣ׻ȸҹδαһͣ䱸ֿ־ҹδ롣
˵˵ɣ˭ģ
׻ɬֻ֪ǽ񡣵ȻҲʲô񶼽ӣ԰˴ڵǲܽӵġǵ֮Ҳ޹ء˭֪
׻̾Ϣһտڲԡ
ҹδͷһ뿪пռ䣬пռ俪ʼһһ飬ܼĿռƬ׻ȸʳ촷ۡ
ǻʿ͵ϵʿһ彩Ӳرҩˣв֪ҹδǡ
ҹδ뿴ǣҩɬؿڵҹѣǡ
ҿԲɱǡҹδ뿪ڵ
бһɣȻ֪ҹδ벻ܾôŹǡ
ҹδ뵭һЦģҲ̹ǵݣΪҪѾסǵϢҪҳǣȻѵ£Ҳѡ
пɬ֪ҹδ˵ûȻҲϢţҹδԪ
ҹδһץصĴָΪ¡һ£շȥʲôʽҪֻҪ
̵ͷ֪ҹδΪ
ڶ£ȥѸ˵ϳˣȻǾͿ뿪ˡ


818 콾ż
һɣҹδ룬ҹδɱǣô¶󣬸˵ľʵӦڸղűҹδɱˡʣ˵ʿʵӦûӦŴͺӡҹδӦǲȾӵѪЩɱȥɱ
µȥ
ȻֲûɱӣǾǸɱֵġ
ЩеľѾ˾¹󣬱Զɱֵ飬ɱе
ҹδ뻷һ´ȻһУɳƽ⡣ҹδ뿴Ǹ
·
Ǹ촽˶ûиǲԼһȷ˳ȥҹδһٶʿҲεĸ档
˭ܣ
ܵùҹδķ
˵ϳﻹ治ԶҲٶٶЩʿ˵Ҳǲӵʱ䣬⻹չܵʿ졣
˵ϳɽ֮еһ޴ɽڡλڣܿͽеʿۼһ
治٣ٶˣнٶǺͯʮµģн١µһЩ꣬ȻҲЩߣΪߡ
ҹδʶɨǽʮµĶͯĿһ˵ɱ֯ģٺͯʶǷڣҲǾӢʣͯ콾ˡ
Щʮµĺͯʲô֪ǿս뵽ڡڵĻ£ܿЩͯͻΪڵӡʮϵЩˣսڣҹδɲġǵԸѾˣ˵ѾŤˣսһ
ҹδ˷ǽʮµĶͯս˷ڡȻǸʿ
⣡
ǰ
֮ҹδվڱǰֺ̧˴ţȻ󷨽ƣȴסҹδȫһǻʿüֱҹδٲ˽ȥգʶйɽȣѲһ飬ȷʵû©ת˳ҩЩ˵
ˣ
ҩΪġ
ҹδͷȻǸʿ߰ɣ
նȥҩһӣɱ
һӵʱ䣬ɽ˵ĵȫɱҩҲƿնȥ
֮ϡ
ҹδ뿴Ǹװɡ
ǣ
ǸʿһɣȻҹδ·˵ûɱ˼ժߡѵ˶񣬳ҹδǰһЩƫʿ
һ°ɡ
ǻʿֵױڸˣûʲôýܵġ
ҹδͷȡһָӷŵջУһЩԴ봢ָУȻݸ
ȥǱߣһŰɡ
ɫһϲҹδ˼ҪԼ̵ΧڽһţΪڵİӡ
Լȥ
Ȼᡣ
ҹδɱԶΪҹδû϶ֽţ
Լõ
ȻԼҲͶ̵ߴڵĳһԼһӶﲻ
ҿ϶ԼôˣֻҪһ뿪ţͻᱻҹδնɱ
ˣ羡Ϊҹδ¡ԼҲسΪһ֮ٹصɱ
ҪǣҹδȥһţԲ̣ǳΪ̵ĸšԼûʲôΣգһɡ
ʲôã
ҹδ뷢ģȻȥ
ҹδ뿴ȥıӰЦЦʵһӣãûҲνûôࡣ
Ǵˣɽ㹻塣ȻûеӶɱֵı֣غߴѲϵ
Ҳνˣǡ
ҹδ̤ڵķȥ
֮ϣӶһʿʿҹδ룬ϸۣȻվסֵ
ҹδѣ
ҹδҲֻͣҹδ룬ǣ
ڷ

ҹδĿ΢Ȼ֪ġ
ɽ磬ͨʿҲ֪Ǹ߲ʿûв֪ġΪʮԪʮԪ֮ףʵǿ
˵˵ʵѾ߱Ԫڵܡ
ֻǣзһֱڱչأǳˣ
ҹδ㹰Ϊѣǳˣ
ţزá˵ҹδһأҹѵ¼Ҳۿҹս¼Ӱ
ǣ
ǺЦҳ֮ҸȤֻ£һҹѣһǲɽڵȷ塣ԭǰȷ忴ȴû뵽˵ڴҹѡ
ҹδɫ΢ȻЦãңʲôˣ


819 
ˣǴˣҿսӰܵսսսԪѾԪ˰ɣ
ǣҹδʵʵڵԪ۷壡
ɫһϲҹѣµԪԲ˵ʵչΪͻƻԪȴһɡǵԪԲѿɷдһ
д裿
ʵʵڵҹѣӦҲҵȻǵԪԲʵȴӲԪڡ㣬ȻǵԪ۷壬սӦҲܹӲԪڰɣ
ҹδҲȤ
ԴͻƵԪûƾУˬˡ
ȸѾĶ֣϶սǱŰҲƴǵ
룡
ˬ죡
ЦԭΪҹδƴǣȴû뵽ҹδӦˬ죬ҹδĿⶼ˺øС
ϣ
һһɽУҹδҲ÷۳һ˲Ͷһ
䡭
ʩչƽÿһ̳ͬһϵҹδײ
ֺ룬ʮѸ١
ҹδûжܣǼĻ
ĻͷͬĻһ㽫ҹδ棬һ̳ǽ
ǽһ㻮߽ͬ߿Ŵǣÿһֻ߽ٻ֣ϵػֻ֣˲䣬ձǴǣͬǺһ˷
ҹδ㣬ԼȻҲڰ֮ϣͷųĻĻ֣ڱ塣
䡭
ƽγɵϵĻϣͬʱǽγǺҲײĻϡĻĻҲֻǾҵļȴû顣
۾һȻԼܡ
䡭
ĻĻӵ貣ƽǽӵĻֺ롣
˾˭Ҳ㡣໥໥ء
ʵֱƴܹ˵ʵҲΪաһ飬ܵĻᶼûС㲻Ҳˡ
˶ǾǿӣǶԼţտʼ˻ˣ׼ʱı䷽ʽ֮󣬼Էı䷽ʽԼƾʲôȸı䣿
Լȸı䣬ǱԼһ
ôԣ
ԣ˲Լͬع̶ַʽ
ͬʱͷŷͬʱһҸһ˭ܹס
ΪԼضʤ
Ѿˣҹδ۷ͽ£Ͳҹδ
ҹδʱͨͷҲԼܱϣͷ¡ȻڻûΪ˻ûоȫһһԼܡ
Ȼٶȡ
ĿǰΪֹ˵ıٶȴͿ˭޸һЩ
ɴ˫ƴľʶȡ
ʵϣΪѾʲôʶˣȫǵԪȵıǵԪ֮
ֱƴȻȻżȵΣգȴͬϷǵڲϵ޵ʱ򣬱ὫƱԽԽա
ڣ˶ܣһΧʲô쳣ܹ֡ϵޣ㽥رƽȫԸʧȥ˶Χļ죬ҲʧȥĿԡ
ͺñһܵʱ򣬱ͻȻǰһӣҲܹжѡ񣬻ͣȥԱȥΪٶźܶѡ
ȫٱܣﵽԼٶȵļޣǸʱ򣬳˱ֱǰܣѾʧȥԡ
˵Ǹٶȣ˶Щɼˡ
ڵҹδͷ޿񱼣ΪÿһıٶȷȶֻܴǾ֮ѾҪƽԼļޡ
䡭
ʮ֮ڱٶѾﵽ˼ޣͬ𾪡
Ҫ֪ҹδͰֵдԵԪһصΪͿԺͻԪˣǵԪ۷壬㲻ܺͻԪ۷棬ǺͻԪӦû⡣
ǶķȻĸסˡ
˵ʲô
˵ȻǵԪԲսҲŻԪصʵ
治ڵľ콾
ڵĹǳҲûвô
ʵϣʱбҹδ뻹Ҫ𾪡
Ȼ֪ԼʵԼֲûлԪֲûкͻԪдڵʵ֪ԼԺͻԪһ¡
ϾԼǵԪԲ
ҹδʲôΪ


820 ֵĶ
ֻǵԪ۷òã
˺ԼС׵ľ룿
ֱ޷
ҵҪĵԪȣǷҲһ
䡭
˶Ժıٶȶﵽ˼£ʱ˲źȻ֣ﻢˡ
˵ͣˣ˭һ˿ҲһĽ
ΪΣյǣ˵ĻĻʼҵ᧿ΣѾסԷĹˡԣڵѾǸģҴҵģҹδǽֻĻȥҹδҲƽֻĻȥ
ڵסˣ˿ʼ΢
Ȼﵽ˼ޣֻ΢ǸıֻϬأĬؽԵĹԺ䣬ܹġ
ԣ֮䣬ǽƽͣضײֻನŻĻĻϣܹͦ
ʣƱԽӵĶӡ
ʱ򣬾˫ͷ飬һ֡
ҹδ

˭ţ
ԣҲʶȤûпڣֻ໥ȫԷϣܹԷܣҲͽⳡս
ǣڴʱͻȻ·зɳһ͸Ӱӡ
̫ˣ
ֱҪ죬ֱŷҹδ󾪣кȵ
Сģ
ͬʱԼĽƣŷǸӰӹ˹ȥʱҲ֪ԼΣգֿҹδڼƵķ򡣽һҧɴҹδ뽣Ƶ赲̤ƲתΣƽ˹ȥ
ǸӰӾȻƽͷųϵҲΪĶʧȥ˹ڷϵĻᣬͷǵӰӣ˷ٶȻһ䣬ҹδ빥˹
䡭
Ȼҹδ뼫ƵķټϷĶǽγɵǺӣ÷ȥ˴룬һСֺĻϣһСֵܣȴҲ˸տʼֵʱȫһҪǿΪҹδļܡĻȻû飬Ҳơ޴ܽ˳ȥ
ʱҹδȴŵ˼㣬ղſǿˣǸӰӺͷǴ͸ĻҲ˵ĻǸӰû˿ЧĻûЧԼĻЧ
ܵģ
ҹδʱѾϾʱû뵽Ӱӻᴩ͸˹Ļû뵽ǸӰڹʧܺ󣬻ƹԼܹ֮ʱǻҹδİæ˭ҹδ룿
ǷԼԼ˳ȥ
ҹδ˲˾ߣ˲ͱӭǸӰӡ
һŴ򿪡
ҹδ޷㣬ӰҲΪ̫죬ʱҲ޷㡣ವһ˷һ㡣Źرգһ뵽ҹδʶʱķҲոסΣûüת
תҹδüաʵϣʱҹδӷ
֮ԽǸӰ뵽һ㣬Ϊ֪ǸӰǸʲôǲʲôһͬǸӦöе鶼ѹưɣ
һס
ʱӰӽ뵽һ㣬ڿһʲô
һȭͷСĳӣȣֻȴûпһ죬ݼΪʱڵһռĴҷɣҹδܹһĻǸźܴӰ죬ɵٶȶ̫ࡣ
˾ͷˡ
̽Ŀתķʦ֣û°ɣ
ʱɫŭʶ·ɨȥҪҳ˭͵ϮŲҹδ뼰ʱѣҽƣ˵ʱˡղҲˣǸӰӾȻܹ͸Ļ
ֲ̫ˣ
ǣѲһӣȴû˿֡ȻĿҹδ룺
ҹʦãǸأ
ˣ
ͷſǸӵĹٶȣҹδܹܾѾ˲ˣҲҹδܹɱǸ
㿴һʲô𣿡
ûУǸ̫ˡ
ٶȵͷȻҹδ빰Ϊлл
ҹδֵҶд裬ƻ
˵òЦд費ˣлᣬҶٺúдһ
ã
ҹδʹͷҲˣľԼдһû˼ԸǺԼĴ
˼䣬ϧطֱ
ɽڣҪǸȷ壬ܷԼͻƻԪҹδҲڷȥΪԼʶڵǸȻǸʱ˷ڣ֣ȻһǸѹƵЧȴ޷ɱ׺ƺҲûв


821 Ԫ
ҹδҪصţȸǣҲЩ˽ʱˣֻ֪Ҫ֪ʲôܹҵ㣬֪㣬Ҫɱࡣ
һ򣬷˲ɽڣԼԪʿǺǺûͻƻԪһ˿ʧ
ڣ˵˭ϣͻƻԪǱǷǱչ꣬ȴûͻƣھǺϣԽԽˡ̲סʵ
и򣿡
УͷǸ΢
ŴԣǺȼϣиͺãֻһ˿֤ǰµľһ˿ҲûС㲻Ҫļ㻹ǧԪ
ס
Ǻ΢Цڵɽ磬˴ϣͻƻԪġԣǧҪż
ҡͷӲ
Ǻһ۵ɫƺЩƽ
ȻŶ;ҹδ룬ӸоϣͻƵԪ
Ǻ˫Ŀ΢ˣ
ţдһ£
ˣ
ǵûУƾаɡҲûֻдһ¡
Ǻͷҹδȷʵ츳Ծѣֻһٶʱ䣬ɾ͵ԪǵԪǵԪԪǻԪԪôͻƵġҹδٶȼ죬Ҳֿ죬ڻԪ֮ǰʱá
룬ҲͬǺ˵
ƽ֣ҹδԻҪ㰡ֻǸոͻƵԪãѾܹȻԪ𣿡ǺҲüͷҹδʵǶԪԲҪɱҹδҲˡ
Ӧˣֻд裬Իеơ
ǺͷȻ̾һȥһ°ɣûа
ǣȷа𣿡
Ȳ壬Ҳ壬廹ЩӦЩЩҶҲЩ˿Կ϶ȵˣǺϵǺϵ֮ϡ˶İСԺܺã˵ȵ˾ôߣôһ˿ҲͻƻԪˡ
۾һĿһݣ˵ǿ֮УĴڡ
ȻУǺɬĴܷɽ磬˵һƽ١ҪǵΪ֮ǰʷϣûֶȴһȵǲܲ裬Ҳòûнȸа
ҲЩأžǺʩһȻǣΧȷתһȦȻѡһطϥ
ҹδ֮󣬻صڡֱ֮ȥ˺ɽ뵽ڣ֪һȸͶ˵ʯңڱչءͲôˡһ·һ㣬ԼȻŪǸƺһǸҲпƵãǸҲвԼ΢ġһѶ򣬱뿪˶ȥ彻һȻȥӦʥء
ʵϣҹδնɱ˵飬ѾѾյϢеҹδ룬ڸеˬ֮࣬Ҳ˾η
ҹδصʥأ߽ڣϥʼ
֥ЧѾȫ˳;϶˵ƣǲԴԴϵյԪıڵٶȸ졣οڵϺУ
䡭
Ϻ˾ҵĲҹδͻƵ˵ԪĲ㣬뵽Ԫڡ
һӰ߽˴֮ڣվ˵ϺߣȸͷźĴҹδ룬ֳϲЦݡ
Ԫ˰֪ڵսΣ
ĵҹδҲ֪ȸûͣǼ̵Ԫصľ磬ڴӵԪصľ
һ졣
졣
졣
ҹδľϻȶҹδ뻺չδӺƮȻһ˺ߣȸǰ

ȸҡͷ
ҹδҡͷϵʦɡ
ȸͷҲִ֪ţôܲʿдλ䣬ͽ֮λһأ
ǣһдλ䣬ӦͲˡƱػ޴Ļɡҹδŵȸֻϵͱҹδ뽫ŵν˹ȥչȡͻƻԪѾǳˡ
չصЧΣ
ȸҡҡͷ̾Ϣһ
Ͳˣ϶ûʲô
ǡأ


822 
ȸҡҡͷҲûʲôԪʵ̫ˡδ룬Ҫ֪֮ǰЩ˶ΪԪߵĲΡʵϣԪҲȷʵߵĲΡʷϣûгֹߵĲΡ桭
ȸտڲԣҹδȴ˲ȻӦ浹˻Ԫ֮ϣʵϻǺϵֻܹǰ벽ϵȻҲˣ
ȸ̾ϢһҲⷽĲΣ߾ǻԪΪҲʹﵽΡĻΪ߲εĻԪȻͼ򡣡
˵мΪĽɾͻԪҪһ֣Ҳǵ;ڶΪƣ˲ܹʶڵĵԪתٷֱ˴ˣΪԪ
ȻܹʶڵĵԪڵĵԪͷųΪǿĵֵԪںϣںϡ
Ϊλˣ
ΪڵĵԪֻһתΪ˵Ԫһ˱㲻ͨ蹬ʶĻų⣬Ա
ﵽԪԲǸʱڵѾȫתɵԪʱ򣬲ž߱ʶڵĵԪڵĵԪֱ˴ˣڽڵĻ
ȻҲǻﲻڵΪʶڵĵԪиģĸǵڵĵԪȴ޸ġĸ
Ҫ;ڱΪƣ˱˵ԪĸҲֻǵڶ
ǿʼԭʶĵԪֱ˴ˡ
ԭǾתս뵤ǲʶġʶڵʶҲֻʶת뾭͵ġ
ǣԪ磬ȴǵڵĵԪͨ蹬ʶʶڣٻص˾뵤УʶڵĵԪҲԽ뾭뵤Ȼٻعʶ
ֱ˴ˡ
ǵԪ
ⲢؽᣬڡҪǣѵĻǵڶõ;γɵƣֻҪﵽڶ˵˰벽Ԫ
ӵ֥ڹѾõ;ڶתɵ˰ɣ
ǣҹδͷ
ԪԲǳ죬ο㻹ĵϺϣ㲻ʮʱ䣬ܹﵽԪԲһﵽԪԲΪĵ;Ѿתɵƣֱӽ뵽벽Ԫ
ҲԪҪ硣ȴδܹԪ
ҹδĬȻԼðյõһҲֻôһȻԼԼܹ˵ʲô
ȸ۾ͻȻһȻҹδʩһ񡣰ҹδһæһߣ
ʲô
δ룬ѾǷˣﵽʲôˣ
ԲˣֻҪⰵͿͻƷʥˡҹδЩؿȸ
ǡȸĿ¶Σܷ÷㵤;ƵĹֳ
ҹδһ⻹һ취
֮ǰȸҲֻܹͨεơǱϾֻǿܹõݻһЩƵḶ́ضʮֵĲȫ棬ΪǲǷ񣬲÷ݻ̡
ңǷҲܽݻ̫ˡҲֻзʥܹݻ
ֻΪﵽ˻ԪȴǷ񣬸Ƿʥܹõݻǧ֮һͲˡûͷûβݻʲôã
ֻܹ
ǵɵǳ
Ǻġ
ҹδһԭΪռ䣬ҲռܹݻȻԼٰռ䣬è׶ˡܹչֵƲĹ̡
˼ȸȴΪҹδҲûа취̾Ϣһ
Ҳûа취
֪а취ҲܹݻһСΣֻһСΣҲܹŷǷЧ
˵۾һǲڻ޷ݻһСΣǵͻƷʥܹݻһСˣ
ҹδ̧ӦܹݻһЩ࣬ҪȳԣҪʱ䡣
ȸֻ۾̫ͬһȣꣿʮ궼û⡣ߣϢߵʦȥ
ˣ˵ץһȥʦܿ
ȸļҹδҲһΡȴ⡣֪ȸжԪҲֻʣǧꡣǧ꿴ʱ䳤ʼղͻƻԪչؼΣǧ͹ȥˡ
ҹδֻҪܹ꣬ݻһ֡
ʱ䣬ȸ˵ʵͬһʱ䡣
̤նУܿ˺ɽ뵽֮ڣȸɴش˵죬˳


823 ɹƳ
Ĳ⣺֪֪ڱչأҵûʲôɣҺûꡣ
㣡ȸмһˣȸңʲôٸǧ꣬ʲô
ڵһ¾Ǻˣ㡭
йͻƻԪĺϢȸɴش˵졣
ɫһȻֳϲǺЦţʦ֣ˣ˵˵
ȸӵؿһۣûʲô򣬶Ҳûʲôδ
δ룿̽ȵĿҹδ롣
ҹδһȸǳеϢ
㽫˵һ顣꣬۾Ҳһ˼Ƭ̵
ˣ⼸ҲûбҪչˡҲûбҪչˡţδ㲻÷ģ֮࣬ݻŪҪʲô˵
ȸһۣҲõ˵Ķԣչأʱ䣬Ҳʲô򡣵⼸ʱ䣬ŵʵһ£ҹδݻ֮ٱչء
ҲǵͷȻץǸҿ
ץʲôˣʵ
һֵĶٶȷǳ죬һųֶץס
һ˵ţһ߼˷Ȼ˵ǵʶ롣
ã
ͷʶȻҹδʶ뵽һ㣬ֱǸ
ɹƳ棡ȸһ
ɹƳ棿ҹδ룬ԼûɹƳʲô
ɹƳǰкܶࡣɹƳϾܹϲԹƳġԣǰƽ̾ͿʼɹƳɱ¾ɽɱ¾ɹƳ棬ǧɱ¾ѾɹƳɱüǧѾ˵ɹƳˡǧ꣬ûмɹƳ档ץģ
ҹδ㽫˵һ飬ȻȻϲԹƳ棬ΪʲôҪϮң
ȸ͵ɹƳ治ϲԹƳ棬ҲϲʿʶرϲʿڵĵԪ
ϸشһǸɹƳ棬ɹƳѾǳˣһĵԪĶ֣֡δܹץס
Ķɳģ
ƽ֪Բƽ̵в̫ˡҪ֪ƽʿйƳ档ΪɹƳĹ󡣡
ԼɹƳӽƽ̡
ǿ϶ˣ˵ܹŪƽһԪŪӦҲܹŪڻµģƽ̷ֵûɹƳǷ룬»Ūĸࡣ
У
ƽ̣ѶŪˡҪɹƳӽƽ̣Ǿͱ뽫ߡԼ϶ܺͶ˵ҲҽڽԶǻֻۣҪƽ̷飬ס
Լڶ˸飬ѵͲ
Ϊ꣬ԼҲи񣬶ұضἰʱţǻǻöΣգ
ԣһȫ֮ߣһöỳԼһڶʱڲƽ̳µϢ
ôܹأ
ҹδ˼ȸ͵һۣǵ벻ҹδʲô
ȸڵ뽫ɹƳӽƽ̣
뷨ҹδͷ
ȸֵǵ㣿
ǡʲô취ҹδڴʵ
ȸüͷ˼Ҳˡ
ǵȻϣɹƳӽƽ̣һƽ̵ʵּɵġһ棬ԸɹƳ棬ƽа취
ȻɹƳ汻ҹδץסˣǲ֪ôŪƽӦа취
Ƕƽв˭в˽ӽƽ̣Ūƽ̵ĴʿȻٱƽɱ
һá
Ҳ֪ҹδȻĸ飬Ȼ⣬ҹδὫɹƳӽƽ̡
ǣһûʲô취ȸҡͷ
ɣɹƳķڣҲûʲô˺˻Եӽƽ̡
ҹδͷһҹδǡҪȥһռ䣬ǷܹܳƣҲҪ룬Ƿа취ߡȸ͵׼úþӪһš
ҹδصʥأ뵽Ϻڡ
ûռܵ;ڵĵơǹ룬ȻռھͳԼ壬ռ䣬ռڣйԼ壬Ȼռڣ㿪ʼһһơ


824 Ͷ
ҹδ뿴һۣĵʱǸͷ­ٺܶ࣬ҲҪһʱ䡣˵ǣռƺܹܳˣ㿪ʼ˼顣һͻȻǸԼܹռġȻִռܣСӦܰɣ
Ҳ˵Լⷽ紩Ƿ磬ܡ
ǣԼⷽصС磬ӦܹҵҴȥɣ
ʱԼһС磬ظŵʿȥҲȥһ뵽С磬ȻղߵϢ


ܷС𣿡
ܣ
̫ˣҹδ۾һҲ˲ˣӺˮгȥСȥ
ССڵľҲûãЧ¶ͺҳŵ˵ǻȥǿѰ¶ڶԪˡʲôʱȥ
ⲻĵԪҸﻹҪȥѰ¶Ҳ˵¶ңҪķѴʱ䣬ǲǵ
Ҳ𼱣ҽЩϺոɾʹȥǿ¶顣ȥС硣ΪˣȥǿգҲȫǣ
ðɣΡ
ҹδ뿪ţ̤ƶС
ܹ֪С𣿡
ø֪֪ߣܹа˸ûбֵС硣
ô֪ģҹδ벻ʡ
ŲмҺ㽫ɽ綼תˣΪѰǳƬ˳͸Ӧˡ
㲻˵
ʲô˵ģСˡ
ҹδֱ
аɣ
СòϣҲ̫õϡõϰҡҡͷָ˼ء
СĶ
ʶָ˷ҹδһ·ȥ
պ
ҹδ뵽һͷײգʧҹδڳΧľ±ˣľ죬޺ҹδ뽫ʶӳȥСתһȦûжСڵĸԴ̫ϣԼ̫ۡŵǰܹԴܹ
뿪С磬ʼȥ̽С磬ĸСʱ򣬱Ƚ⡣
СȽϴԴḻҲǿеʵѾȵԪԴкٵһ֣ڵԪҲЧ
һСͱȽʺˡһضŵע⣬ǶҲᱻѰԴϾҲֻǻԪǡ
ܹС𣿡
ܣ
ǰСһڣƲҪ̫ȻǾ뿪
ã
ҹδС磬ۿСƿһӡһСĿСҲСȥҹδѸԶ롣ֱƽ̡
ͷ棬Ϣҹδ˶ʮյʱ䣬ƽ̸ȻѡһƽǰСıؾ֮·ȻѰһɽ壬ϥһôϣڵȶȻ
ʮպ
һȺʿƽ̵ķ˹ҹδ뿴ȻһȺʿܿʧӰʧķСķ
Ȼȥˣ
ҹδˣҲûжǱӡƽʿٶȣȥʮ죬ҹδоӦѾ뵽ǸСˡһҹɽǱ뵽ƽ̵ĺɽ
ƽ̴֡Ѳҹδ롣ҪƿҹδǷԲҲҪķѴʱ䣬ƲСǣֻŪһȭͷСĶڣ˵ѣҲֻǻ΢С𵴡Ƿƽִʿע⣬ͿǷˡ
ҹδܿͽƿһȭͷĶڣȻ󽫷뵽ڣһţɹƳ˳ȥȻ󽫷ջתߡ뿪Ϣʱ䣬ϵǸѾֺϡֹȥϢҵʱ䣬ӰӶһ£ϴԻ뿪ˡ
ҹδ벻ٹעƽ̣ѾɹƳӽȥˣܹȡʲôЧҹδνˡսǸɹƳضû˱ƽ̸ںɹƳ棬ɹƳǵأһضɱһ
ʮպ
ҹδصţҵȸȴûзֵ졣ȸ֪һʿǰСȥˡ
ȥĶˣԭӵġ
ȥϹתһȦ
ȸԲţҲû⡣ȸ˼䣬ҹδ㷵ʥأ뵽Уʼ


825 Ԯ
ƽһԪҲԽƣʱڲɽǸȷ塣ȻԪԭԪҲڲɽȷ򡣲뿪һƽ̴ʿǰСˡһԪڲɽȷ
һţһǰС磬һڲɽȷһţһȥС磬µڲɽȷ壬ʮܵȴûȥɽڵġܵΪȥȷҲ򲻵ʲôʮܵа˸ԭͲţʮǰС磬ʣµĶʮšܵһµʿҲȥС֮һʿ
ϾСǺܴģԴḻÿŶʮֿء
Ȼ󡭡
ɹƳ治ɹƳ棬ûʲôԣҺʳƽΪߵǸ
ԼţǸʿĿǰΪߵʿŴͲῼԼڻΣաɹƳ˹ǿԣ֮£Ǹʿ׵ؾͱɹƳɱˡȡһѪꡣʬ屻ֻ֣ʣһƤ
һ£ƽ̻ˡ
һǸŵʿ£չ顣һɳʿǰɽڣԽƱѶ
ԽյϢҲ𶯡
һǷӵжʮʿڣҲǼΪҪġοƽֻ
һɾʣŵʵһ䡣
Ķס
̴һԪһš
Ȼ󣬴ԽƱŭˡ
Ϊǰһ죬ǸҲˡ
ɽ
Խƽ̵ĴΨһܹɽҲסˡȻԽƱ㿪ʼУʶʼϸɨڵÿһ硣
֮󣬲鿴ʬ塣бѾ
ʬһֻֿܡ
һǱʮִĹˣһֱǱʲôӸˡֻû뵽ɹƳ棬ΪѾǧûɹƳˡԣҪʶɨһߣʲôӣ߹ޣҲӲʶ
ǣѰ߱飬Ҳûҵܹɱһһĳӣ߹ޡⲻʼɣǲʲôǱţ
Ѳˡ
ˣôƱǱѾܾˣѧĴҲû֪
ô飿
Ȼ󡭡
ǸԪˡ
ԪôԽɹƳ棬Ȼĵ伮ķʽͼȫͬ
һ£Խƻˡ
һ룬ǸɹƳ澹ȻԪܹɱǸɹƳضһǿɹƳ棬³Լɱ˭ɱ˭ҼȻȷɹƳ棬ԽҲ֪ʶܹҵġɹƳ汾ܹʶ̽顣ԣɱɹƳ˼ǧ꣬һƽһܹġǲò͡ǺɽɹƳ档
Խ룬Ԯ
ŵĻԪԮˣҪɱǸɹƳ棬ҲֻлԪܹҪ򣬲뿪ֻд˼ԴǿеţҲŵ˺ô߸ܵʿֱǰߴԮ
ŵĻԪյţˡ
ǿǸɹƳǶȴʲôвҲ˳ֵ飬׬һԴһдԽƵһ顣
ֵã
ҲյԮţȻȸЩΪˡ
ϸڣô죿
ȥҹδ룬ҹδ뿴֮ȥɡ
ȸЩǣȥ᲻ᱻΧɱ
ҹδҡҡͷᣬϾǻ档ȥǵĻɡʵϣȥҲǲɡܱȲȥĺá
ȸҪȥɣ򡣡
ȥɣзȫһЩҹδ֡
ȸ룬ҲȷʵˡֻҪӦϢûй¶ߴڻ治ƽڣҹδɱˡҹδԣŷȻܹںͷƴļʱ̣ܹץסɹƳ棬ȻҪȸȥȫࡣ
ҹδ뿪ˡ
ʮ֮ҹδƽ̣ƽ̵´ڣ˴ԽƣλԪʿ
ֻһҹδ룬ûһԪ˵ԽˣǾٺ;ǺȻԪʿɫҲÿڱҹδԺЩԪʿƽƽˣ
ǣ
ҲϣҹδѾ൱ڻԪػˣҲ˵˷ҹδսҲֻ൱ڣΪǵԪڲǣ
Щ˶ǻԪԲһԪǲ̫Ʋˣǲǣ


826 
¶ҲֻӦǸϻ쵰ܹɳǸϻ쵰ڣܹΣ
ҹδ뵹ɫƽعΪһһݼ
λϵĴԽһǰɺã
ţܺãġ
ʦҲɺã
ţҲܺá
һԵľǺڵδ룬˵дһֻǾúܲˣҸдһܹڵԪڣܹ;д裬ʵҾȣҪ֪ʵ൱ڻԪء
ҹδ۾һ⶯֮ɫʦҸոͻƵԪڣҸдһ¡
ߴԪоһ˿ȡ
Ԫڣ
ô죿
ǵԺͬʱ뵽ӦһϵԴڣô˲
ǵˣͬʱҲòϣô˲
Ǻǲɳ鴤һ£뵱ҹδԪڣܹͷսƽ֡ûͻƣҹδȴͻƵ˵ԪڣδҹδĶˡҹδսҲ൱ڻԪˣ˵Ԫضܹһˡ
ȻΪǽΪѹƵԪأҹδҲùǣ漰飬ˣҹδҲԳ֮ΪԪ֮µһˡܹսԪⷽ潲Ҳȷʵܹǿƽƽˡ
ҹδǵԪڣ̫ͻƶã
͵Ԫˣ
ǵڶӦ
ߴԪжɱ⣬֪ҹδͻƻԪ֮ζʲôΪǾӦǸһѹһʱίǵıУǾԲҹδɳġ
ǡ
Ӧδ
ֻҪӦڣǾͲҶҹδ롣
ɡԽһҹδлԽƿʵδ룬ѾǵԪ֮ǰõǸ֥ʲôô
һ£ĻԪҲעҹδ뿪ڵôԶ׼λǿ𣿶ͻƵԪڵԪٶźǿĸ
ԽʵЩ𣿶ͻƻԪûа𣿡
˵ЦˣԪǱܹģȻûдﵽͻƵԪľ磬Ҳ˵ҪͻƻԪҪκνңľԼ򡣡
һ㣬ʵЩԪͬġǶôģĿԼһ򣬲ͻƵĻԪ
Զڵ㵱õ
ԣҹδɴͷ
ߴԪɶ˼ıҲûУ´֥֣ԼҲԾͺˡ
֥ôã
ڵδ룬֥ôõģ
ֱӳԵġ
ҹδǵ˼ȴЦЩ϶̫ࡣ֮ǾһΪ֮ǰûѣӦ涼֪һ
ֱӳԵģ
ߴԪˣǱϾǻԪǻۼߣֻ𾪵˲ˡôһСֱ֥ӳԣѵøʦȥ飿
ǴһֵҩʧܸٴΣǲܳɹġһС֥ʧܵġ
ǲ˷
ҹδֱӳԣҲˣҲǵ
¾͹ȥˣߴԪʼתɹƳ棬ʱҹδ뿪ڵ
æġŵЩԴڲҪֻҪڱڵǳƬ
ߴԪжһҹδ˵ǳζʲôλҲ֪ع֪£λʦ˵һ仰ǶģԼû
ֻҪ귢ģƽӵеǳƬ͸ضڡȻĹûǳƬҲš
ߴԪ໥뵱Ӧع飬ûǽǳƬв⡣ˣӦŭˣȻϵŪģԼŪ
Ǿôڣ
ԽƵĿⲻҹδ룬ҹδǵڶӦʲǳҹδ˵źܴİܹڵҹδѾˣǳ
ʱҹδٴοڵʱʲôʱҪæٳ֡
ߴԪˡ
ҹδ˼ǣߴԪܹǸɹƳ棬ҹδͲˣҲͲҪǳƬˡߴԪκβǸɹƳ棬Ҫҹδ֣Ǿ͵ǳƬ
һӣߴԪŭˡ
ҹδʲô
ҹδ츳Ǻãڻ߸ɣ
ƲߴԪ
Ѿŵ˳̶


827 ô
ǵжһ˿ŭ⣬ʱһӴҴҶϴžţ
һܵ
Խɫһ䣬һ̣Ѿ´֮⣬ʶٵ˳ȥǺȻԪҲڴ⣬ʶҲٵ˳ȥҹδҲˡ
ǡ
һӺ˶ջʶûҵǸɹƳ档Խɫ
ɹƳֻҪأǿʶġҲҪҵֻеһν
˵Խ̾Ϣһһ˵ʶ޷ƽ̣һҪ֡뼸λǴҸһ鷶Χ˲ŲǡֻҪһɹƳ淢Ǿܹɱ
Ԫ׷׵ͷҹδվڴſڣֻǿšûиԼǳƬԼǲֵġǴԽҲֱӺҹδ룬Ԫһ£𣬸һɽϣʶӳȥ߸Ԫʶƽ֣ǡ
ҹδվ´ǰһ˿ЦݡЩҲڲ˴ϣȻһԼץǸɹƳ棬ѾǸɹƳԲǳô򵥣ԼŷһǷΪԻǸɹƳĿС
ڣҹδ붼֪ԼǷܹһ÷ץǸɹƳ档ϾһץΪɹƳûзڳ˽ѵɹƳ棬ϵ
Ȼ󡭡
ҹδ뷢֣´ſڣʣһˣԭЩ뿪ˡҹδһˡ
ߴԪǽ赶ɱˡ
ǲɱԼӦ쭡ǣԼɹƳĿУӦ쭣Ҳ̫صĺ
ҹδǷһ˿ЦĿɽȥһƽ̵ʿˣһڵȴɹƳĳ֡
ʱߴԪҲڴܽҹδǵԪԪʿɹƳǷǳġֻһ˶Դ´˶ɴɹƳŰ˳ɵļʻṥҹδ롣
ãܹɱҹδ룬ܹɱɹƳ档
λѣصעҹδ룬ɹƳ浽ʱˡ
ģ
ҹδ뾲վɽʶͷԼΧֻҪɹƳ濪ʼ뵽ԼʶַΧԼضᷢ֡ԼİԲض
û÷ûյǳƬء
ɹƳſڴ֪˻ԪǿʶҲоҹδϢ
Ȼ뵽ԼҹδؽһطײϵغĿ־塣ɲٴαؽǸطܲϵ׺һҵľڶӵĲҹδԪ߸Ԫ
оԼֻҪһԪԼضʵҲоԪΣաʮֵؼɵ
ΧʱɹƳ棬Щӳ˼ʿ˺ܶɹƳ棬ʱڳ˯֮С
ʵϣʱΧƽĵ£ܹʮߴɹƳ档Ҳ˵Щӣƽ̲ˣĹƳʧˣʵǱɹƳˡЩСɹƳ涼ڳ˯Լõ֡ƽֻ̿ŵԭʵǹƳ̫ˡЩɹƳ棬²Ǻǿǲ˯ʱҲԶʶǻԪҲֲˡ
ʱҹδҲܺ棬ǸɹƳν
žͲ
ҿ϶ǸɹƳضܹ֪ԪϢ־壬Ͳᶯһֱᶯ
˾ͺˡ
Ԫһֱƽ̣ҪԽ
ʵϣҹδ뻹СɹƳ棬ɹƳֱӶ߸Ԫֻǵ磬ɹƳҲǻۣǻ۲ࡣûжǷһƵʣƵʣģǹƳܹġ
ʱһ岼ս·һɹƳ˯֮ءЩɹƳǸƵʣӳ˯ѣȻŵ洩
̫ˣ
ЩɹƳٶ̫ˣһ뵱ǸϮҹδɹƳ棬ܹЩɹƳٶȡȻǸɹƳĸǿ󣬵ô̵ľ룬ڻԪʿֵ˲䣬Ѿ˵档
Ԫʿܹ֣Щĵȴûз֡δǸԪ˵С֣һֻֻɹƳЩӵڣֱڵĹƳ棬һھ͸Եˡ
ۡ
ǧʿѪϢ˲ήңȻҽΪɹƳ濪ʼǵҧ
ԪһΪǵʶЩɹƳ沢ǿ󣬾ԲɱԪǸɹƳ档ЩɹƳѾЩƽʿڣǺܲóֵܹ֡ҲֻдԽơ
ʱվɽϵҹδ룬һ
ôɹƳ棿
Ҿһֻ
ģ
ô


828 з
ˡ
ճһֻ֣ǴԽ۳ĵԪ֣ǧʿĻȥʱĴԽɫ֪࣬ǧʿˡֵǣԼھȻôɹƳ棬ǳɹƳϳ
䡭
ǧʿһӾͱĳ촷ۣͨڵɹƳҲ˷ĩ
ǡ
ƽ̸˴ɹƳ棬ڹƽ̵壬ʿѾɹƳ湥塣ǸĸѾˣеɹƳ湥ΪȡһԵԪĻᡣ
Խƴȡ
һʿ·ȥɫò԰סǵҰУɹƳӵص׳˳ǳ˹
䡭
ƽ̵ӺɹƳսһţϵɹƳʬӿе䣬Ҳϵƽ̵ʿʬӿе䣬ͬڲϵ½ӡ
ԽƵֳʹ֮ɫһƽʧˣԭƽ̵ʵڲɽںͺɽ֮ϣºһˣΪ˰˴š
̣ûг֡
ŲֹһɹƳ֮ʱоȷˣǸɹƳĸĿضߴԪжֻĸҲżļɵʱٶȳ֣ȫ䱸ΧڳֵЩƳ涼ǿֻΪͻȻϮƽءƽѾӳЩɹƳֻʱ⡣
ˣ
Խһͷһ͸ĹʶַΧ
ɹƳջѡ˴ԽƣΪظ֪֪ԪϢʮȶֻдԽƵϢŲ
ܲ
ϾԼŵӡ
ʱҹδѾɽƮ𣬾ǧ׾룬룬ܹǸĸ湥ʱ򣬼ʱӦȻӸµܡ
ȻͿԽȻ𣬶һ⣬һĹ⣬Աȹ⻹ٶȣŴԽƼȥ
ϣ
ԽƳһնǧ·ն£ͬγһ
ǣǸĸٶ̫ˡԽƵĽ׷ĸٶȣĸڽķ϶дУ˲˺ʹԽƵľ롣
Խ˸ĸĹеĳٴͷŵȴɱĸ˹ȥڵĴԽкܱ
ƽǿĲǵǹ
ǣʱڵĹƶһţɹƳǹƳУֻҪᵽɹƳζܶǿĹƳ涼᱾ܵη塣ˣԽƾʧȥǿֶΣĸٶȶҹδ̾
ͨΨ첻ư
ɹƳץԼķ۲һʱ䣬ɹƳ治ֻͨ
һʱԶһ̽飬ֲ
ڶʱٶȶ˹٣ǻԪʿٶȶ
ʮּӲ׶Ʋķ
ֻҲ̫ˡ˵һ˵ڶǻԪɱΪᣬȻܵÿ졣
ûܡڽԽƣԽѾʼʾһ˿Ǳ裬ĸ̫죬ϵѰŷ϶ͷŵĵĸںӲ壬ĵֻжעԪıżɵԣԽƲòһ㱻Χ̲סȵ
λѣʲô
ٵҲڵȴԽƿڣϾԽһԪ֮ڣûпڣǾǰôԽƵŵӵ涪ԽڣǾνˡ
Ԫ˲սԪо飬ֱվλȻԷ˵ǻҪʹԽһ߸ԪһȦӣȽǸɹƳסֻҪǸɹƳסˣ߸ԪҪʰ̫ˡ
ǸɹƳʹԽƼ̵ļغϣþѾɹƳ쳣ǿһǿɹƳ棬ǻǧǰǸʱǵʵûôǿǵʦڽɱǸɹƳ棬ΪһԪԣǶǳСģóȻ׼һһסɹƳ棬ȻСΧɹƳٶ޷ܡǸʱǾܹնɱ
ɹƳټӲֵܵԪʿıɣ
ǡ
ĺܺãʵȴɹƳһǺϳɰΧǰ˰ΧȦȻǡ˷ߴԪһȦӣɹƳĹ
ɹƳٶ̫ˣΧ߸Ԫ˷Ȧȹ⻹졣߸ԪһŹֵͷ֡
Լ߸˱һɹƳΧˣ
ڷˣȻ̽һֻƣֻϳһ
з
з˲Ŵ󣬽ߴԪڣǸɹƳҲһͷз


829 ׽
ɹƳ治ںԴ͸һе
ˡ
з˲С߸ԪֳɹƳȻܹ͸зǾٱĵͨɹƳзʱ򣬱ôһ˲
Ѿз˳ȥӳȥλߴԪ롣ʱߴԪѾ׼ֱѾĬعֻոմзɹƳ档
ûһ϶
ɹƳٵߴԪĹߴԪĹûаһ㡣ߴԪҲżȻѾɹƳ룬ɱֻǳ⡣ߴԪʼҵعһӵʱ䣬ɹƳܹķΧԽԽСźüΣߴԪıֻһ˿˿սϡ
ߴԪ϶¶˵ЦݣɹƳѾܲˣɱֻʱ⣬ʱ䲻᳤
͡
ǸɹƳŴԽƳ˹ȥԽǹЦ˹ȥֳǧ⣬ÿһⶼʵʵڵĳ֮ԻΪǧΪٶ̫죬Ӿ˴

ԽƱоһвϲ
ˣ
Խбһϲ
ꡭ
ˣ
Խпϲ
СģǺľ
ԽоһݣĿһ㿴һֻӰӣһ
ѿǣ
иֳһμء
ѿǱɹƳһͨ˲һǣɹƳѾ뿪ˣڹˡ
ԶҹδĿһ⡭ͨ
ã
Խд󾪣֪ԼĲɹƳ棬ǲǡٶܣɸоԼһʹ֪ɹƳԼֱۡҲ벻룬һһըѣԼԱۣɹƳ˳۽뵽Լ壬Լˡ
ɹƳ汻ԱըɣڿзҲΪһԪеľѪϢڱǿ
еĻԪɫѿԽɫǴ䣬ΪɹƳ˹

ָϵش̳̳ͬһɽϵغǸɹƳײĺɹƳײûдǸɹƳ棬Ľɽűơ
ϡ
µԪٴΧ˹ɹƳ˴ԽƣͬһΧ߸ԪתڼҲٴͷųзǳһοɹƳ治ϵʼΧΧߴԪΧ棬ߴԪٴνġ
ʱĴԽѾֹѪֻϢ˲١һ߷ɹƳ湥һֳ֮ɫ
ڵǷǳûнɹƳ棬ɹƳɹ˿ߡһɹƳӣɹƳٶȣ׷ϡôһǿɹƳ棬ƽζʲô֪
뵽ҹδ룬ҲҹδԶԶ߹ۿ
ʱߴԪȻҪҪлԪֻܵһǾҹδ롣ԽƵ棬ҹδ
ҹδ룬ҴӦˡ
ãҹδӦһȻҪ֮ǰзǰ㣬ܹסɹƳһ˲
ߴԪѸٵʶȻһʽзɹƳ˹ȥɹƳһͰз
ǡ
ȴײһƬ֮СǾǺھٵ£ͷŵ˲СߴԪҲ˲λλСΧм䡣ǲûȫҹδ룬ǸոλλһŴ󿪣һӽС˽ȥ
һŹرա
徻ˡ
ߴԪһ㡣
ôˣ
ʵϣߴԪͷʹĲɹƳжǿµɻߣɻٶȣһҪӣ׷ϡڴԽˣֻһ⡣ôҲû뵽ҹδ˼򵥵ľͽ⡣ʱǲźȻ֣ҹδ뻹һ
Խƴʱļ࣬һҹδǰס
ҹδװģĿһȻͷֻܹסɱˡ
ҡ
ҹδ뿴˵ԽƷӦ˹ӴָȡһǳƬ

ҹδӹȻôɹƳ㣿
δ룬Եȣ
ԽƵĿɨܣȻһǧڿݺύһֻֻɹƳɱûһ©ȻվڿУۿʼ䶯һµֱ۳˳
֫ǻԪ
ֻԽƵϢή˲٣ٵ˴ʱҲΧ˷ΧҹδѾ˷һȨޣǵʶܹ̽롣ҹδڵĹһ档


830 
δ룬ôüͷֱһƬ򡣡
ҹδĬȻһҵķֵ죿
δ룡ֱ۵ĴԽȡһ«ܰɹƳս«𣿡
ҹδͷҷĻǸɹƳѾ˺ܶ࣬ԽȥǸɹƳȡ
ã
ԽҲʮֹϣûк½뵽ҹδķϾžǣҲҹδҶ֡
ҹδţԽƱ㻯һ룬ܿӷڳֳ֮ɫžٺҹδ˹Ϊ
лλѡհ磬ǲ顣
ҹδڰֵһ£ͻȥˡλˡ
ǺҲڵҲкܶҪҲˣڲɽڵ㡣
ԽƵͷһʧصţ̾ϢһҲûǣͳţҹδҲǸǣŷȥ
ٵҹδ뿪ıӰһɫֳ֮ɫ
ɳͻƻԪ
ΣӦڣҶҹδ֣
Ϊ˾ڣ
ذɣϣܹͻƺϵǸʱͲӦˡ
˳Ĭ˭ж֪ҪͻƺϵҲЦЦ
ҲҪ̫ģͻƺϵ˵ǳѡǶҹδ˵ҪͻƻԪҲɰ
˵ҲǣӦڣв˭֪Ӧûа취ҹδͻƻԪ
һʱ֮䣬ۼĵ䡣ϾǻԪֻ˲¶˾ŲɽڷȥǼᶨԼӦܹͻƺϵҲܡӦǰһ
ҹδܸˣûмɣյŷȥƽ̵ʵ䵽Ͳɽڣɽһ
ʵѾûжвˡ߲ǸԵԵĻԪ䣬ű䵽ţδؿǰǣһ뵽ں͵дӵеĵԪ㲻̾Ϣһ
ضԶ
ʩʩȻػصţȸ㱨֮󣬱㷵ʥءǿǳƬȡǳһǳѾҪȫˣд󳩡֪ʣµļ飬ضʣµСҲûа취úƽķȡءǿӲʵ
߱Ǹʵ
ɣɹƳĶٿһЩžͺˡ
ҹδ˼ϥںףǳǰһһǳϾǳֲȫһòͬ
Ҵһꡣ
СʿˣÿŶᣬȻҲ˲ٵʿеСеУеʿ˴˵С
ǺջǿԺԡЩջԴŵۺʵһ
һʱ䣬ҹδΪ˵Ԫأŵرƽͬʱһʱҹδǳִﵽһޡǳ˽һҲΪٶһģӵԪͻƵԪأҪһʱˣԼʮ¾ܹͻơ
ҹδ׼ԼͻƵԪ۷壬ҲǵԪ۷壬ǰǱߵ硣һȥϣһȥѧԺһǳ߽һԼܹҲܹøࡣ

ΪϵʿܵɽȷȥˣܵʿΪոմСڻõԴҲ׷ױչءЩܵһµʿΪԾḻ
һա
ҹδ뱻ȸ͵컽ѣվںϵˣҹδЩԻ
£
ûʲô£ǾʣԵ;оôˣ
ҹδбЩ˼Ϊˡæ
ˣٸһʱ䡣
ȸɫһϲûд˼ǡߣ
Ѹٵ뿪ҹδҲ뵽ռ䣬㿴ռѾһĵ;ͼ沼˵ơҹδ봫Ǿ͵ϵĵƾʧˣȻʼһҹδǰ
ҹδؿţһһؿţ磬ںУǲΪŵ;ϵĵƣҲԶŵϣֻٶ˲١
ռڵʱǾֹģҹδˣָ죬ͿԼ롣ڵľ磬ҪˣҪܾúܾá
ˣһºҹδ뽫еϸڶסˡǣȴһ
ռķѵģԼȴҪѵģΪѵģȸ͵ҲδܹΪ̨̫ߣǻῨøͻƻԪĻᡣ


831 Ԫͼ
ҹδǣƸûһģһ壬ÿԪĵϿ϶һǶÿԪԼ򣬸Լı״ġԣԼҪһһܹǸƵķ
ͬԼոѧϰʱ򣬹뱾ͺķһڷʦ˵ͬһͬһʮʦģʮģΪͷͼֻǷǼĸͬԼȻԼģռ䲻ҲǸԼ
ʱ䣬ҹδܹд˸Ϊȷʵӹ֮еõܸٵ򣬲è
ֻҲǸոţȫܸ٣ԴΪͻƻԪγɵһֹľ硣

һֹһֹĹ
磬ûͻƻԪľ幦ġһֹΪǵ䣬ڣƱ䡣Ͱ书ܹʲô̶ȣԡտʼãûг׵ĸҲǰ˵ľԽǵ˺棬ԣܹģջҪԼ
ʦؼľ磬ŷͼԸ룬⼸ͽ˰˳⣬÷ʦ˾ķ򣬲ô졣
һ£ʦûзͼһ˸ȻԼȥƾ룬ҲûйĿܣȻܹûйͼ֮ǰʦôģ
ǣǾͺˣоųɾŵķʦؿϣֻޱȾѵˣܹԲ
ʿˣƾĶޱȾѵʺͻƻԪԻԪʿΪϡ١һܹһܹ붨ĶԪʿǲƥʮԪУͻƻԪҲ롣
һ㣬ҹδ붼ЩԼܹȸ͵ܹͻƵԪʣµЩԪҲźܴĻͻƵԪ
ˣڽһư壬ڸ֮ϡ

ư壬ֱưɽ磬彫ᱻȫѹơ
ǸʱƾĲһˣӦѹһʱˣƾŻԪʿ˵ҹδ뽫һʱһԪĻˣȻͻƺϵļҲˡ
ҹδ֪Լһıʱ顣
ֳռڣһһع룬һһ򣬴һһĹУȥƵС
ֿҪʱ;ˣռڵʱǾֹģҹδһܹռڴܾúܾãʶܹ֧ռܾãҲҪϢϢǲʶڵʶ
β䣿
Ȼ˺ڵĵϡ
ԣҹδΪ죬ĺڵĵٶȵһҲ
ֹȥ£ֳȸ͵Ӱ
ⶼȥĸˣҲЩżŹҹδĽչΣ
ȻͿҹδϥںףҹδҲ֪ĵΪռڵʱǾֹģʱʱ򣬶ҹδռڳָʱ䣬ԣȸ͵ʲôʱҹδָʱ
ȸ͵ֳһ˿ȣܹҹδΪûжپֻǵԪسڣڵĵĵĿ̫ˡҹδٶȣЩȫĸɾҲֻܹͻƵԪ۷壬ԲܴﵽԲǵľ飬ӦһϺȫܹ֧ҹδͻƵԪԲʣġ
ˣҹδӺڳȸɿڵ
δ룬Ϊ˴󣿡
Ĵ󣿡ҹδֳһ˿Ի
㿴Ϻ
ҹδͷһۣ־ɫ
˭͵ҵĵϣ
һ룬бȻԼܹͼĵġҲûкڣԼܹܳɹǶţŻʱ壬ǶԼҲżĺôһָоһԼܣԼͻƻԪ̫ࡣ
ܻԪͼ
ҹδ뽫Լ뷨˵һ飬Ȼȸ͵ͼˣôʿɫĳ졣
ʵ̫شˣһܳɹǻʱġ
ڵΣ᳹׽
һ£ͻƵԪߴڻʲôµģ
ʿͻƻԪѹһʱˡⲻĳһˣĸڡ
ǣ侲ҹδϾֻһԪƾʲôܹܳͻƻԪĹͼ
ȫ


832 Ԫ
㡭ܵˣȸСʵ
ҹδ뵹ûô࣬㿪ʼԼܵĹϸؽ뷨ܼ򵥣ȸ͵춼ǵԪԲҶڻԪҲһ˿ҲԼܹа
ǡ
տʼȸ͵˻ܹһ֮ԼˡִҲȷʵѷǽġⲻȸ͵оҹδԻԪĲʱŷӦҹδȻֻһԪ˼ҵĵ;ڶѾ˵ƣⷽѾߵǵǰ档Ҫǣ˼һһڶϣѾ൱ڻԪǰ档
뵽˲ûһ˿ɥӼ
˵ϣҹδϣһֹͼ
ȻǻķѺܾõʱ䣬ʲô
ǧʱ䣬ȵֻǡ
ԥһʵδ룬ܹͼǼ㿪ôΪȷģ
ҹδһ£Ȼʱҿȸλʦǿ
԰ȸ͵ɫһϲҪʱ䣿꣬Ǹã
ҹδ룬ҡҡͷʱ˵ãǿ϶ðꡣ
аռҪһҪ꣬ҵö
Ҫãȸ͵۾һŵʱ䣿
ҹδѾܽӽˣʱĲ˵Ҳܿ죬òһ꣬ҲĳڣҪʮꡣ֮Ҿÿ϶ðꡣ
Ǿ̫ˣ˿ϲǿϲ֮ȸüͷ˼Ƭ̵δ룬ҪͣһͣɣȽΪͻƵԪҿʣµЩϣӦòܹͻƵԪ۷塣ȻںķѲʮʱ䣬ӦþܹͻƵԪԲȳͻƻԪϾλʦԪá
ҹδˡȸ͵캦Լ˰ʱ䣬ǸʱϱҪˣԼΪܣУûǿʱ䣬Ǳضٿ񡣵ʱӦ֣ߴڲɵӡھΣˡ
ҹδҲ˼˿ǺԼܹͼģټȻգ硣ЩĹʱ򣬹ԼΪҲǵԪҡ
Ϊ磬Ӧô򲻹ߴڵĻԪԼʵܹ൱ڻԪڣߴڻԪԲο˼ҲǻԪڣ˼һս飬ҲܹѹԼ
ǣҪɱԼҲס
ʦ壬һǾһ¡ܹܳɹŵΣ㳹׽ѡʱ䣬ҲδܹͻƻԪͻƲ˵ĸʺܴ󡣡
ȸ͵룬ҲȷʵˡȸͷԼɡ
Ҫ뿪뵢ҹδʱ䡣ҹδȻ¶ʵ֪¶ɣ
֪ȸͷ¶̫ˣҲȥǿգ¶ûҵΣˣˡҵ磬¶⣬ΪѾﵽԲҪ򡣵Ȼһͻ˻ԪҪΪ٣¶Ǳ
ҹδͷ˼䣬˱뿪ˡҹδʱе뷨¶ߺѡԼӦԼ򵥺ܶɣ
ԣԼĵĹˣҲܹͨ¶ٵԼΪ
ص˺ףҹδٴοʼ
ȻԽԽѣְҹδܲŽ뵽ɣܵٶ
ҹδܹʱ䣬ڽͼ˳ⲻǽֻܳҪҹδ
ҹδռڣһ޴һʯȻʼһ飬һ顣ֹȥռѾɹ˺ܶءŴռڳû̿ʼ̣ǱĿջ

Ϻӿɿرҹδա
һ죬죬졭
һһȥҹδѾչ˽ʱ䣬ʱĺڵĵԪѾյһɶΪҲﵽ˵Ԫ۷塣صȴǵ۶ڴﵽĳٽ㣬ΪͻƵ˵Ԫء

ҹδ೤³һ۾ûΪԼֻͻƵԪأûдﵽԲź˷ܡ
Ϊʱ䣬ڻԪһȷķȻˣͻƻԪʱҲһͣȴضܹͻƻԪֻʱĳ̡


833 ȸ
ҲΪյϵٶԼʧȥ˵ϺֻƾԼʮ꣬ԼҲܹﵽԪԲ
ÿʼˣ
ҹδԼĴָУѡһȻгķһ壬߳סһ񣬻ǴǱߵõġѾ˼ҹδ룬ȡ˿̵ʼ
ٶȺܿ죬ͬˮϾռѾɹʮΡˣ뷽ķҲΪӣҹδ²ųɹ
ҹδ뿴ǰ鷽鷽Ѿһ񣬷Ϸɢº͵ĹâȻºͣȴڱ˷鷽ѾΪ
ҹδһ֣鷽׼ȥϣǼһ¡ǣҪҪȸ͵һȥ
ȥλʦʡ
ҹδܣͬһɿݵĺûһ˿֮Һܹоһ˿˿Ԫźۣ˼꣬ӦһϺ
ҹδ뿪ʥأţȥҲ֪緢ʲôûԼҲûзʲô¡
һ룬ʱ˵ͬ׾Թ϶ֻһ˲ҹδҲͷȸĶȥ
ȸĶȸ͵һӭ˳
ʵϣһжϣԴǰҹδ뽫˴ɱһ֮ûʲô˹ڵ鷳Ҳûʲô£С¶崦ˡȸ͵ƽʱҲȸĶ۵żʿ̳СӹõʮС
ʱҹδأ˿˿ڴҹδӭ˶ϲ֮ȸĵ
ʲôΪˣ
Ԫء
ȸһ£ôˣ
Ϻˡҹδ˫һ̯ε˵
ȸ͵һۣȻΪҹδܹķ˵ϣֳ˻⣬˵ҹδĳɳԶǵҪΪǶԼûͻƻԪǷҹδͻƻԪŲСġ
δ룬㡭
ûУҹδҡͷϴϲɫȻҵΪһЩͨܣҶԻԪ˲СͻƻԪ˵Ҳֻʱ⡣ҲҴﵽԪԲҪͻƻԪʱ䳤һЩǾԲûз򡣡
ģ
ȸ͵ϲϢ϶ܹͻƻԪˡ
ţҹδͷȻѾ롭
ҹδ룬ֱӾ͸ǸֱѾ뷽ˣȥλʦ濴Ǻһȥ𣿡
ȸ͵춼شֵܲȿһۣ
Ȼܰ
ҹδһ֣㽫ǿ޴ķӴָȡ˵ϡȸ͵춼վǷǰΧתһȦȻҹδ
ǵʶɣ
ԣҹδͷ
ȸ͵˱㽫ʶ̽뵽ǿ鷽֮С
Ȼ󡭡
˲֪ؾϥ˷Աߣ뵽֮С

ҹδ뵹Ҳûʲô£ΪԼĹ뷽⣬֮ȥһϣҲֻΪ˼һȫҲȸ͵ġ˽뵽ֻЩͷۣ֪˻ʲôʱ
鷽Ҫķʶģȸ͵˵ʶĸɾʱȻͻѹ˵ԪԲľ磬֪á
ˣԼȲ뿪ˡ
ҼǵϴΪͻƵԪҵΪҲ˵ԪԲˡѶҲйɣӦûںɽɡ
ҹδ߳˶˺ɽȻһڶڿأֻûɶãжЩꡣŲʶһɨҹδ룬Ӷ˳ҹδһ۵
㲻ѾԪԲ˰ɣ
ûءߣҴȥһط
ҲûɢɢҲãҹδշȥȻ
ⲻĶ𣿡
ţߣȥ
ҹδŶҽ뵽ұ㿴ǿҲ˽еȸ͵죬Щѹ
Ǹʲô
Ԫġ
Ҳģ
ԣ֪ˣ
룬Ҳǡǲỳҹδġϥ˷һߣȻʶ̽롣оԼ뵽һƵ磬ǵƵݻŵƵܱ䣬̾ͽ뵽֮С
ҹδڶڴ˰죬оϢƽȡ뿪˶̧ͷǿգ뵽ԼҪҪȥǿտ
ǻͷĴţһԥ


834 ǿ
ԪȥһˣĸԪԼȥǿˣΪǿľǻˡ
һŰȫ
˵ȫҲȫ߸Ѿǿˡ˵ȫҲȫ˵飬
룬ҹδȥǿտȥ֮ǰȽй˽һɽ״˽Ľҹδܷģ㶣
ŵԪڶڱչҲ׼ȥһʱ䡣ŷʲô飬ͰЩͻȥ󣬾ǿлǡ
ã
嵹ʮ㣬òʲô飬УڵʵҲ¡֪ӦѾˣϲţôҲҹδ뿪
ҹδ뿪ţȻֱ̤һǿա
һǿգҹδ͸оϡȴΪŨԪʿȫתɵԪʵϻʿͿһ㣬ҲΪʲôֻʿͻƵܹǿա
ҹδ뽫ǿմʶڷųϣǸ򣿡
֪һҸɡ
ҹδһ㣺֪
ǿôôܹ֪ɵ·;У¶һܹ֪
аɣ
ҹδ̾ϢһǴһȦǿգȻܼĵطȥ
ǿзУһֹ¼ŵķС
ǹⶼһֺĸоһ࣬ҹδĶرһ˿˿¼š

ҹδ³һ֪һľϵԼͻƵ̫ˣľϻǲʵԼܹι¼ŵǿ֮мǾһֶľĥ¡˻ȥһǿ֮ãԼӵĲȻҲԼǿ֮Уľ顣
ҹδԥѡǿ֮áʱѾǿ֮õȥѰ¶ˡⶼһˣԼϣһûСҹδ뻳ɣ֮ǰڴţѾǿ֮õɶԼľĥ¡
ֻҪνԼľĥüͨ͸ǾͲУԼͻƻԪס
һ¹ȥҹδоԼ˶ڹ¼š˵ʵڵϣһЩΣգҲܹԼĵĹ¼šֻǸûһ˿Σգһֱڹ¼ŵķɡȻҲ֮ģǶȥˣ㲻Σա
㲻˵ǿôӰӶ
ô֪Ҷ˯ˡڵǿն𣿡Ҳһ˿ꡣ
ã
ˣˣӰԼ̬
ҹδУʱѾڵֻҲסǱ꣬ʧȥص·
ȥУ
ҹδܹоԼľһ˿ꡣܵǿգ룬۾һҹδٴοʼУֻһ߷ɣһļǳǳٴǳ
Уǳ໥ӡ֤Чֱҹδ뾪ϲǳڷɿļ֮ıΪҲ١
ֵˣ
һ¶ҲҲǿ֮Ҳֵˡ
ˣ֮ǰҹδľ꣬ΧһֱһƬ¼šҹδľƽȣ֮УȴȻоһëȻΣ١ʱҲ
δ룬Ͻӣޡ
ҹδͣ˽ŲΣķȥһںĶԼ߷ɿıƽҲҲͱҹδʮģҹδʧ
ް
֣ҹδԺеһʱ䷴ӦľǾ޴ޱȣȴû뵽ôСǣͷųһ۳ɽУ
ԣ
ֻѾֱҹδ˹ͬһǡҹδǵһޣҪ˵ǼٵġûһͺӲҪ˽һ£еĳǿմ˼£֡Ȼ˻Լǰ֮ǰαɿĺˡޱֵķΧڡ
ϡ
ܼĽз貵̻Ƕ佣
͡
ǽ޵иܼĻ𻨣õնȻӵɫʡҹδɫȴǴ䣬ΪԼ־Ȼ޷˺Ǹһ˿һ
޵ʮּӲڵʵƾ˲
ҹδˣԼκһֵ޷˺ޣֻнı뵽֮Уܹ˺ޣ⻹Сһޣأ


835 
ޱҹδʮٶȴ˿ҹδ룬ڷɿرƽ
ɱ𣿡
ҵʵָ۷壬ɱɱ
˼˵ɱ£
Ĭˡ
ҹδڷˣĿ޵ɨӣȴѰԼʱ䣬ɿ˫ľ롣
ҹδ֣Ǹһץ
пռ䡣
ˡ
һռ佫Ǹ֣Ǹ޸ںʲôռ䣬ֱײ˿ռıϡ
ꡭ
пռı˲ֵĹѣͬ֩һ㣬ȻһѡҲ赲ٶôһ˲һ˲䣬ҹδеĳ˳ȥ
ǣ
ɲǽĵǽ
еĽʧˣǱɷ۳ɵĳֻ߱С޼ȥȴѾ
ۡ
߱С޵壬Ȼǵ±ˣһ룬ÿ̲ŵԪ޵䡣

޲ҽһ޴ǿзҹδ͸˺棬޵ǿһӣǸ޲ųײƮǿС
ҹδһ۵һʹ޵ڷ˳˿˿⣬عҹδʶ
ҹδһƮ޵ϣͷʵ
ʲôã
ҪǺˣֱ̲صתɵԪЧ¶İٷ֮һȻƤ͹ǣнԳԣЧԼ¶֮һȻԽޣЧԽá
ҹδ뽫ս˷ĸط޶ࣿ
ĬƬ̣ҵǳһֱⷽ򣬶ⷽҸͲϤ
㻹ܹס𣿡
ǲסˡ
㻹ܸɵɶ
Ĭҹδ뻷ܣջƻ֮طȥƻ֮ؿŽⶼĸˣôԶ
ɰɡ
ܷܲɵһ룬Ƭоʲôûпͻȥɣ
ҹδ꣬ڼնɱ߸ޣƬƵıԵ
һƬϵ深Ǻ嫣ҹδһ£а֪ҪƬƵͷɳһͷỨѶʱ䣿
Ҳ֪һƬϵû
ĿһɨһŸ˹ȥû䵽ϣ㿴һߵɽ壬㱾ܵɽ˹ȥɽԽԽĿһɽͱϣƺģؿһּоһݡ
ˣ
ͣ˰УĿɨȥ
һƬžû˼

ûĺۼܶһƬʯɰһˮûС
ĿǸɽͱڣɽϵּýȥģܴ󣬺ȴѾ绯˲٣ģ塣ؿԼĴһ֣ģر˳
ӦһΣ
һӾͷˡԭµּһ룬Ϊʵôܲ̽ǿգ
ҲΪ档
룬ԼƬϵʱ򣬵һѡҲǸһҲӦˡ
ɽϣĿɨӣҲûзʲôԲڸ첲ϵ
¶𣿡
ûС
ҹδ̧ͷźϵͻȻһ㲻Ǿǿ㣬ܹôƬϵͷɵһͷ
ꡣ
ҹδʱˣȻܷɵô죬֮ǰһֱҷɣ
˵һָ۷ʱڡ
ҹδһͣ³һ֮ж죿
ࡣ
ڻָ˶٣
ٷ֮һɡ
͡ҹδ벻ŵЦҲƬǿµֻ۷ٷ֮һʵͷɵĺҲ죬ָ۷壬Ǵﵽ˺ϵľ磿
һЩƵÿǿǿĵطһǿĵطǼӲٶȡľһˡ
ǳصʲô
ĵǿ
ҹδˣҲܸʿϣǸսٶȿӲǳҲܹսǸȴһĵ
ǿǶֶ
Ȼû¶ҹδҲͲﶺˡһȥȡһֱ·Ƭϵһ˷ȥ;·ϵÿһ򣬶ȥ֪һ¡
ŷţҹδò̫ԣܿܵǣҲϣֱķɣҪԽƬϵĻ¶Ҳҵˡ
ҲһǸʱûѣҪҵ¶϶ѡһٷݣܹҵһݾͲˡ


836 ¶
Լǰ·߷ɣǻһ·ߣ
Ծϵöã
ҹδһ£˵ָ۷壬ܹԽָֻǰٷ֮һҺԼٶȲࡣ˵ԼҪԽƬϵʮҡ
ҹδ뵽棬ҿ϶ضǷԽȥˣֻӦûҵӵ򣬷ԼٶȣԼ϶죬Ǻǿ϶ԶˡԼָܹ۷壬ԼǱܹǿˣ
ǵб𣿡
ٶȣӦˡ
ҹδлǲٶأ
пռģǴǿƾĲٶȣǿռ䡣ƬϵǼӾʹԽȥˡ
ռ䰡
ҹδֳĽ֮ɫռʱصԣҹδ棬ȫȻû򡣲һĿϵȥһſϵ𣬸޾ĺڰա
ⲻⰵľ֮
ҹδֱǰɣһ߷ɣһ߿ʼⰵʾȫ
һһȥҹδڹⰵһЩƤëȴһ¶Ҳûҵ˲ޡеܹùеԶԶһʹ򲻹ҹδԶԶߡĴָеʬ˲١
һգҹδ·һС·塣ֱϵͻȻԶ˳ȥҹδбһϲ
Ƿ¶ˡ
¡¡
˴أҹδ鸡ڵϴԼסصȴšԼ֮ӵص׳˳Ȼڵһռ䣬һôĺɫʯͷڵϡȻͬһ˴ǹһǸʯͷȥ
ۡ
ȻǼӲԵһӾ˽ȥҹδ뼱æǿЭģһһ룬𶼸ˡ

˳ʣµһˡ
ҹδ뽫ʶ̽뵽ǸĶȻͶۣΣ
ǰһĵΣΣΡ
ҹδɫ࣬ĵƭ˭أ
ĿռҲʮΣֻĵΣ
ʶһ㽫¶˳ſȥȻҲǿշȻڵȥ
ಡ׷˹δ룬㷽ˡ
ҹδ벻Բǰɡ
δ룬㷽ˡ
ûҪڡҲȸˡԼܹǿմ¶ԺڲǷģҲǷڵġ
һ£δ룬㡭ʲô˼
ûʲô˼ҹδɼɣҲҪ¶ѾͿͻƵԪˣȥͻƻԪֻʱ⡣ʱҲ̫ãֺαǿðա
Ĭˡ
֮ҹδһǿգǶԼսţҹδôã֪ҹδսʮǿҪԼܶࡣҹδڣǿǿޣ鱦ҹδֶܹһսֻʣԼ˵ǿ޺鱦Լֱó˯ˣõˡ
ĬĬҹδӣڰԺ¶ƽֺòã
ҹδɳĬطš
֪Ҷ̰ΡһΣʮΡ
ҹδɳĬķɡ
һʮΣ˰˵Ρ
ҹδɲڼɣļˣһʮΣʮĵΣʵ
㾿ҪôҶ˵ʵˣҴˣҵǸòã
Ժ϶ƽ֣¶ȿ֡Ҷòã
ǷģǷΣ´¶Ȼ㣬Ȼƽ֣òã
ҹδͣҲòζ
δ룬ôҡ
ڵľԱȣʶǿ˵㷴Ҫ㣬ҲֻǷʱ;վܹģû˵ɣ
һףң
㣬ˡֺαصȵڣûǿ˵ϰߣ鱦ҲԸǿȡԣһֱǺĹϵ
ǺǽϵĻϣû޷ȥҲ㷴Ŀɳѡ˴ҷֿ
ҴˣԺҲˡ
Ҳ֪㲻ԸΪһ˵鱦ҪɡҿԸɡָ۷壬оԼԶǿˣҪ뿪ˣֻҪ˵һǺþۺɢҲˡһôãӦ˽ҵԸ񡣡
ţζһ£ҹδĻҹδԸ


837 ȳ
ǣû뿪֮ǰ֤ҪңҪƽĪǾһɵӣ
ųĬ
εĲϣĺҪıһ¡֮ǰǴӴ˿һжΪȻõ¶϶һһ롣
ðɣ
Ӧúʹ죬ֻҪȱ¶ôԡ
ҹδֱذ·߷ɣҽĿռ䣬Ҫ¶
ãܹԡ
ҹδ뵽Ŀռ䣬ʼ¶
¶Ǻö¶죬ȴҹδʡµʱ䡣ҹδҲȥˣѰ¶㿪ʼһſǺˡܹɱʮ˸ޣֻǺ˵ЧҪ¶˺ܶࡣ
һȥҹδΪѾͻƵ˵Ԫء
ҹδͣԼһ£ѾˣڷȥһһɾʮˡеšҵΪֹҵ¶ҲޣҲûз顣ؿȸ͵ǳˣ׼һγõǿС
ǿиꡣ
ǻȥɡ
ͻȥûҵ¶ڲŻָʮ֮һ
γıȽϴæŶûаźá´γҸꡣ
ðɣ
ڲҷҹδֿ
ڻָʮ֮һٶӦñҿˡҷɡ
ã
ҹδ뵽ռǺ˶ˡҪ⡣ʼռԣһ߳ԣһ
Ȼڵٶȿ˺ܶ࣬Ҳʱ䣬Ѿҹδڵ򡣶ҹδĸ£ΪҲ˵ԪԲ
ڵĵں;ڶ˵ƣͻƻԪĻѾ걸ҪֻԪڵ̻ǿ鷽ʱ򣬶ڻԪѾ˲Ƶ򣬴ʱѾظо˻Ԫš
ռڳϤҹδһ˿
ڻˡҲ֪Σ
ҹδ뽫սʶڵķ򸩳ȥֱӴ˴ȸĶǰ
һ۶ĽƣֺԼ뿪ǰһˡ֪ʮʱ⣬ȸӦѹһ½ƣܿ춴Ĵžͱ򿪣ȸͶӭ˳˵϶һ˿͸мļ
δ룬ʮȥĶˣ
ȥǿտ˿ôҹδһߣһʵ
ǣ˽һ϶ֳ֮ɫڵĵ;Ѿһˡ
̫ˣҹδоһϲ˵ʮ꣬Ǿܹɵ;ڵĵƣ
òôãǵаҾͿˡδ룬̳Ǹֵ̫ˡԺͻƻԪ
Ҳô˵ҹδҲԪĹУ֪ͻƻԪļѣ;ڵƣֻͻƻԪĻҪԪǲס
ʱĸѾ뵽ȸҹδܹ˵ⷬѵҲʼͻƻԪˣ
ţҹδͷ
ȸϲǶ˵ֻǲһԪˣ
ţֻûеô򵥡ȻҲ׼ʼʱȴַǳɬ
ǿ϶ġȸͷȻ̾Ϣ˵оɬ»ӻɬ
˵ȴչһЦԺˣȽ;ڵĵɡѾһˡһǿǧ꣬㣬ǻ֪ʲôʱܹȥһ
ͶҲҹδͶ˸мĿ⡣
ĸҹδʵûʲô仯ɣ
ûУȸһʮ꣬ŵܵʿЩûͻơܵһµʿŲͻơ
ȸ΢΢üͷҹδɫһ࣬ȸ
ȸȻһ鲻СҲӰ졣Ҳ壬Ƭ綼Ӱ졣㻹ǵòɽڵȷ𣿡
ȳˣҹδһݣ˵ʵʮּɵ
ţȸͷ뿪ĵֳ꣬򡣡
򣿡
ԣոʱ廹ǳˡΪ˶ø򣬱֮ǰϵķֱӵĶࡣ
ոճʱҲȥˡǴֻҪ뵽Ǹ֮Уһжѹƣֻд
˵ʵһߡУڵͽʿʱ򣬻вģܵϵʿûרġҲǼޡ


838 ӦԺͷӦ
ԭͲռƣǵĺܡ岻ǿһ;Уһֱ·硣ҲΪ忪˵һ;֮޵ĵ;ǵ
ǣȵȴǴδ룬֪ζʲô𣿡
ζʲô
ζ㣡ȸָһѡ⡣ҪҪϵرǶЩԪʿ˵Ҫ֪̤ԪѾܾˣһֱѰͻƵһǰȻֻδδػɹܱûǿУһѡϵЩʿ޴Ӱ죬Ҳ˵嶼޴Ӱ졣
ǲǸϵ
ޣ츳ĲʺϵʵδΪ䣬˱δӵ˾ԵƣĳһʱڣΪūͺѪʳǲܵġ
ޣ˵;ף֮ĿǰԪѾǾͷϵܣҪ˵Ŭ߳һ콾Ҫ滹Ҫ콾ܹ
̫ˣ
ЩԪȵ𣿡
ҹδɫҲأȷʵһӰԶѡ⡣
ڶϵĺʺ塣еõ˺ôøǿҲᳬ塣
ҹδɫøأǣôѡδá
ԣʵѵİ취ǽǸȷ峹׻ȥܹ֤֮ľ⡣
ҹδҡͷٲȥɣ
ţǸȷǿ󣬸ٲЩԪ֡
ʲô
ڵأտʼǸȷγɵСÿһ춼ţѾռ˰ɽڡɽѾǨˣᵽԭĲɽǧ֮⡣ԭĲɽΪɽڵķڡ
ǵһصĽΪţû֪ŵʲô̶ȡû֪Ǹȷ徿ûʶ
ûʶãֻһϵʥء
ʶôȵĿʲô
ܹˣĶ𣿻᲻Ϊɽһƽ٣
ҹδȻٲֲǲʶһ鷳
һصĺ֪£ҪļԪǰͲɽǱ̸С嵱ȻǸһʥأ
˵Ϊһϵ
ֱţҪ棬˵⡣
ʵϣ֮Թؾصǰ̸УԸóܶԴȡȥʿʸ񣬾η档֪Ѿ䣬ֱӿսԴǻӦ岻Ӧǻһֱ򵽵أɽڱء
ҹδüëһôӦԵģ
ôӦԣȸ̾Ϣһºܴ󣬶λʦҲڡֻǻԪ˳棬ʱ˾߸ԪʿˣĻԪҲˡ
δ룬㲻֪ҵʮԪѹжȻǶǳأ֪Ϊмɵ档
ҹδһǸԼѹҲǼΪһ¶ĺܱܿڵĸ
Ǿû㣬ΪʲôʦûгԪЩԪ飿
ʱҶЩˣ㵽Ҫȥʾ档ЩԪȻûұ뵽ǸʥڣԼ侲
ҹδͷ沼ĴܹԪʶ̽顣ˣЩԪʶ̽飬ҲὫﵱ
侲֮ȥֻһӦǾ治Щ飬ұȥ˵治ܡ
忪սҲ֡кϵʿ֣Ҳֻͺϵʿ֡
ҵ˵仰۲ЩԪɫһǶһȻһϾΪ粻һˡ֮ͬԪҲһ
ȻָǣЭ飬ô壬ɱ¾塣ȻǸ⡣
ȻǾ뿪ˡ
ô׾뿪ˣҹδ붼оʮ֣ô;ôʵأ
ҲòʵҶڵ׼ˡλʦ岻ţڣڣҲܹؽ
ǣ֮ǰңЩĽ˵һ仰û뵽Ҳ̤˻Ԫ֮·ϵĽ
ǣҲŷӦЩԪ廹壬ڼҵһʱ򣬾͸֪Ѿ˵ƣϿʼһ˿˿ԪϢϾǻԪӦĽ͹鵽ϡҲӦԼԼԲλʦ֮ûгضԽ̵ٳͻƺϵ


839 ǰ
ҹδҲӦ˹ЩԪΪϵĻԪϢĻ
ţҲҡδ룬밡־޴ѹĴ£ôܾһӴʮԪȻңϺͶųһӴ϶˻ԪϢһ룬ЩԪض󡣱ϾˣûгʿͻƻԪˣ֮ھͻȻʼƵʿǻôĴڣ
ֻҪ滹ڣǾͲҷ
ҹδһŪȥͺáĸͻ˻ԪҲͲ¶ˡ
ھʲô
ջǺЭ顣ʵϣ˫ڶ뿪ս˷ϵʱ䡣
ҹδһջѡϵ
ǣͻƺϵϣ
ûҰɣ
ȸֳ֮ɫ嵹عأϾǼɵ档ǶдʿԼһһʿ綼У֮޷һ뵽֮ȴٽԼ֮ڣɱúԪԪҲ໥ĵߣԪûͽʿ֡ǲ֪ʲôʱƵ֪ʲôʱɢ⡣
Ļľˡ
⻹ֻһ棬һ棬ʿҲ˷ѡ
ȸɫأǴӸϵһַѣеʿΪϵԼޡеʿΪӦôӵͽʿʼϵ
ҹδҲüġ
̫ˣ
ô
ȸ̾ϢһҲҪ˺ܶࡣûгַѡϾʿУڡҲûϵҲͻƺϵˣ
ԣʿΪǲȥʲôϵֻҪܹͻƻԪȻͻõָ㡣

ҹδ³һһϢȻͻȻһǱߵ磬Ǹͷ­Ҳγһɣ
֪Ǳô
Լȥ

ȥɽڿɡ
չɣȡһͻƻԪĿǰȵġȥɽڿ
ãȸͷžͽˡҲҪ̫ǣͻƻԪҪ
ף
ҹδû뿪Ǻʦ彻˼죬ҲǼ졣ĿǰȸܹĲࡣΪҪǽ;ڵĵɡҹδڵԪ
ʦ壬ȥ壬֮뿪ڣԭĲɽڷȥ
ɽڡ
ҹδٴʱڿУ·ȥɽڵһѾһɫĹâ֣ռ˰ɽڵķΧĳǿǸˡû̽뵽ȵ֮СŻûбǵĲɽȥ
ʱѾûʲôɽˣɽ󶼱ɽڰˣᵽµĲɽˡɽҲǱߡӪĴžǨˡ
ӿ£㿴ŴŲɽڷεʿҲҹδ룬ȻҲ˳æǰʩ
ҹǰ
ҹδͷĿɨʿʵʲô״
ǸɽڵʿҲһʿȻЦɱúܲңƽһУǱߡ
ҹδ˳ʿָȥڲԶȷʵһУһСǸʿ˵
ǸУ壬Ҳ壬ۺͽ׸ԵĶǱߣֳһʿʿǱ߿ˡǱʿ򡣡
ҹδͷɽȻΪңʧ١һУÿҲ١
ô˽𣿡
˽⣡ЦҲȥҽʿܶϢ
ҹδͷĵͷߣ˽һ˶ȫϸ֪һ£Էһܵȡһƿҩݸ
˵ԽϸԽá
Ǹʿ۾һҹδĵҩһҹδݵλŪûпϸظҹδ뽲һ飬һ㽲˰ʱҹδŸȥ
ҹδȥıӰǸʿͻȻһЦҹδɱҲҪȥˣӦˡȡƿһЦݱøӵزá
ҹδǱȥԺŷǸʿĽ
Ǳ߻ɱһš
壬壬ʼɱ¾ҲֻΪӡ֤Լ壬Ʋסˡ
ȥɡ


840 
ҹδ߽ڣ̤룬оһļӳѹԼо嶼ˡΪҪǣ׷ӡΪʶãڡҹδ벢ûоšѾǸʿе֪沢ǲܶʶҪ塣ֻҪ壬ܹٴͷų
ȻԽ࣬õʶԽ࣬ͷųĵҲԽǿֻڵҹδ޷ͷųһ˿ʶãֻܹôı
е˼
ҹδѹƻģΪʱǸոս뵽룬ԽȣܵѹƻԽǿ
ʶӡڵĸое˸оءǱضҪߵǸȷǰģ̽һ£ʲôԭʼγ
ٲǰȥߵĺһߣһ߸֪Χ塣ְҹδ˵һȫµûоɬѶҲ֪¿ͷѣֻҪҶ˷ڵľΪֻҪҵͷȻܹס
ϡ
ҹδ˰֮󣬱˱ཻҹδתһɽţͣǰȥʮݺύХʱ֮вҽ֮ʿʿ
һʿΪףһʿһͷţǵʿΪסܴϣǴʵϣ嶼ռϷ硣
ҹδûжԼعۿֻǸʿʵҪԼۿ
ţħĵ̣ڿս𣿡ǸŭⲪʱΧʿѾжˣ»ʬ塣ƺܲ
ţħЦɲʲô˭ĵ̣˭ȭͷ󣬵̾˭ġڱţǿطʵͷûʵ͸ţš
ҹδ뿴ȤͬǸʿԣУ嶼ʼռˡѵǻ볤õռһ̣Ųɣ
Ҳ˵ȻܽһţｨһŹ̶㣬ҲӦ֮塣
˫ľƣһ߶ȫУĺܳԿԭǿ󣬼űͨʵϣ壬ߵҲһ;ڻû壬ǴȴҪ˺ܶࡣ
Щ꣬ʿ١
ҹδ룬ϵòһ䶯һͨŮ޵ģϢͲøˣ򲻽ʶӡˣһϢҲӡˡ
͡
һڵʿֱۣһץ˹ȥ첲͸ˣȻЦ
þľѪǶˣҵһӡ
ҹδĿһʱЩӦ屬ɱ¾²Ǹʿǰ㣬ֻΪ壬д赽Ĳʰ巢ֳ壬ľѪܹǵΪʵ
ϸ۲һ˫ļ˫ʱͷųԱҲǣǶ壬ܹͷŵ¾ͲΧˣӦˡ
ʱʿʶԼ򲻹壬ֻʵԶȥһŮɫЩţ
ʦ֣ô죿׷ˡ
壬˻ΪȻʿ壬壬ʵǿɲҲֻ۶ΪͲȴѾ˻˵ҹδû˵ڣǷڣҲǲСһ콾ǴʱȴΪǱ󱳻һץۣѪ
ȥɲͷһڿ׷ɱǵʿ
棿ֳɫѹ̫ˡ
ȥѲʿ׷ɱʦֺʦ棬ֻҪҵʦֺʦǣܹȫ
ʱЩʿʣʮԽԽصĽŲȥǵĺ棬ЩҲڼ׷ɱšʿĺҹδ룬Ȼظš
ҹδܹоԼ룬ѹԽԽ󡣸ս뵽ʱֻԼĵԪӡˣԼıܹٷְٷӳġ룬־ԼıҲڱϵѹƣڵҲֻʣ˰ٷ֮ʮҡǣҹδ벻ϲʱԼ壬ѹ£ǾԿԼıͶȺġ


841 
׷ٵҹδͻȻһ뵽һ²⡣֮ԵڣʷϣûһͻƺϵǲǺһ⣿
Ҫͻÿһ磬ʶȷ棬һҪķ棬ǱǿҪﵽǸ硣Ԫˮ;˵Ԫʵı仯ȻҲҪʵװ˵ԪᱻԪơͬĵʿﲻϵļͶȣʿôͻƺϵ
ʿͻƺϵĽˣ뽫ļͶϵ磬˲ŻϵĻԵ
ҹδֳĹâҲԼҵһͻƺϵ;һӦǰֵǾٵˣǶǻԪʿһôãû뵽档
Ϊʲôһֱûҵ
Ϊʲôһֱûͻƺϵ
Ӧǡ
ҹδһӦûҵͶȵķ
Ԫ磬ѾҵʲôĵرԼıǿˡƺԼҲû˵ܹʲôĹԼıͻƻԪ
Ӧˣ
ʿһֱûдνϵĹԪԲʿ˵ѾһˡһеĹǳҲֻܹ޵Ԫ۷塣ҪԪ֮ϣҲо棬ֻǴҲһֱûгɹ
ǡ
򣬺ܻܿͻûйѹҲջὫͻƵϵҹδһűܣһ߸֪Χѹһ˼ţ
ҪѹУĹҲûпܣȴҪ˵ŬʱӦǧΪλҪǧꡣһ·ǲȥĹǸϰĹ
ڵƱ䣬µķܲأĵ䣬̵ƽ̵Ʊ䣬ȻҲҹδǳУаȻ뵽ĹУ˹ĺȼܹΪȥʿǿϵ硣
ЩԪʿѡַ϶ҪȵһסΪһǴڶǸԶȴҪס˾òǧΪλҲ԰Ϊλһ꣬߼ʱ䣬ܹŵĹ
ǣбס
ĹȻҲܹﵽϵЧʱһá幦ʱһ̡
Ȼһְ취ѹûиĹûдĹʱĥҲܻὫͻƵϵ
ЩԪʿ϶ô롣ʱĥԼıͬʱض壬Ȼ뵽ԼĹС仰˵°ߴԪּܹﵽϵĴˡȻش˵ľͻּϵʿˡ
뵽ҹδнΣˡ
У
Լþðֵҹδ̾Ϣһ֪ΣˡϻˡҺ;һ˺ϵ磬ǸʱߴԪ¶Ӧûη壬ӦᱻƱ¶ġ
ڻһʲô
ʲôҪľǾͻƣͻƵϵԼȸˣͻƵԪˣ౩¶Ҳеߴһ
ţ
ҹδ뿴Щ岻ȥ׷ЩʿˣȻǼ룬һҹδ룬ѡЩʿûȥЩʿʱɲҲı˷һ
֪ʦǾǰ棬׷ˣټһҵʦˡ
ֹȥһ̶ӣǰһľݡɲЩľݱܶȥҹδĿĹˣȻѡһֽȥ֦һִ֦ϥ۾ʼϸϸ֪Χ塣
ɲǣһʿľгɲǣɫһ䡣
ʦ壬ǱϮˣǱߵĵѾˡͻʮӣĵӶˡ
ʦ壬Ǳ𡣡ˮĵ
ʦĬˡ˰ɡ
Ȼλʦתһľȥɲ˶һ£Ǹʦ˹ȥǸʦͷһۣȴҲû˵ʲôƿ˴ţ˽ȥ
ľݺܴڸΪ´ģܹɰҡʱľѾ˼ʮˣɲ߽ţĿһɨ㷢ŵͳϵȸ߲㶼ڡ
ǡ
һţҪ˵ҹδû˵ء
ӵлԪŲһţӵеԪΪţӵлΪţ߶ǲšڲҲΣΪһȻֻڣڲУѾˡڻܵ
ʱɫ԰׵λϣϢЩһˡʱ˵ڵĴϣһܵڣϳΣ
ֻѡһ˳һǺƴǣĿǰǴ򲻹壬̫ռˡ
ѹֵյУ˵ò̫ռˡԭڵѹƣŴܴ󣬸˵Щˡ
˳õ˳ɣϿڵ
ĬȻʵϴж˳ϾԶ˳ˡ˱˻Ե
ҪϿڵǷطһطô󣬶һڲϵչ
̾Ϣһڲϵ󣬵ǽʿҲԽԽࡣ
˼崦Ƶģڣ壬γһˣ塣
ϵǻ˳
Ϊʲô
ֲţˣҲضһڻҵĽɫ
ҲһϷУҶӡ˵ǰ˴ŵΪҲδؾͱǿ١ƾʲôǵڻң
˵Ķԡܹ˼ɰ˴һӴвȥ
˵ףֻһ֮ء˴ŲǽǶûа취˴֮ǽǣġ
һɡͻȻڵȽߵ⡣ҶԱһ£˳򣬻С˵Ҳԡ
£ɲΪϯӿڵһѵõ֮أǲ˳ȥ˳ȥˣû˳ȥδض˥䡣
£
£

һ˶ͬ£µһСҲֻǱֳĬûзԡĿɨһСˣ֪кˣֿô£Ҳҷԡ仰˵Щͷ£עδʲôϢ˳ֻҪгɣҲһּᶨĵġ
ϧûУ
̾ϢһȻ󿪿ڵǼȻУҪıǣｨУǷء
һ˶ĬˡЩĿɨλϣλɫƽʲô˼㽫ĿⶼǵĴʦ֣ɲ
ɲҲΪѣҲ֪ô졣ǿеʦʦöĿԼǰһŷʩ
š
أϡ
ϿڵǻǨɡ
ǺòҵĵطɫЩᡣ
ʱҹδߵԭҪһ£Ǹո͸оƺһ򣬸ʺǱŸо˹Ǹڵķ
ӪصĴſڣڵĵԶԶؿһӰ̽ϸһۣһ壬ŵ΢ɳڣɲҵУֻ֮Ҳ໥Ҳԣһʿµľݷɱȥ
ҹδߵӪصſڣǸڵʿҹδƽɫ΢ģʩ
ǰ
ҹδͷĿܣȻĿ΢΢һĵЩͬչһЩУĿһɽϣΧΧ֮ڣԼеĵطٲǸɽȥ
ǰ
ǸʿҪҹδһֻ֣ļһǸʿ͸оԼѹһɽһҲܶд󾪣ͷ˺ˮһᣬҹδѾɿ֣ٲɽȥǸʿһѺҲĿ⽹ľݵķ
ľݵĴڻ߳һٶˣΪ׵̡һ߿첽ҹδ߹һߴҹδ롣ֲʶҹδȴûпŲɽȥ̱һ߼
̼ѡ


842 
ţҹδͷɽȥһ֪ҹδ뷢ǸطѵһľݣԼģԼסڲҪˣ׼Ǩ룬ʿԸɡǺѵ
ѣû⡣ǾҪǨˡ
ţΪʲôҪǨ룿ҹδһߣһʵ
̻ûпڣһԵͲˡǰŮ̫ˣһ˵ģռ˵֮أôţ
ϾͿڵΪ忴طҪǴ򲻹ǡһǵɡ
ţû⣡ҹδ뵭
ɫһֳ֮ͣɫȴһ˿ɫǰŮɫ̫ƽˡѵһʿ
ϸǲʶ
ֻһʶһЩкʱҹδҲԼռ˱˵ĵطҪЩʾ
Ǩ룬ҲšҪ£һ죬Աһ졣
ţǴġһȴû뵽̿ڴǾͶлǰˡ
һȻ̸һ񣺸ұ죡
ҹδ뵭
̻ʿɢȥҹδҹδߵɽ£߽ǸľݣȻϥ
ɣ
лǰϥҹδĶ档
ˣ
ţҪѾԹҩˡ
û壿
ûУǧңûʿ壬롣
û˶𣿡
ܶ࣬ʵʿа壬ǧһӡ
ҹδͷһЩ⣬ȻԷ̵ľ򡣡
֪˼ҪͿˣҪҹδǿҹδû˼Ҳʣվ˳ȥ
صɽ£ŵӶվȺǴѹ
λʲô
֪ҡͷȻһֱɫȻǸ˵ѹĺܴһһһԪ
ϾһеǶѹƵĵΪ绹𵽻ʵЧˣҪͻļͶȺҲҪﵽɽϵǸŮһԪǾζżʧȥ˵˼ҲŵԪ˻ʲô壿
ԣҶһ
ҲȫλǰλǰĽǲȥɱЩͽġɱҲضЩʵµģǾ糬ǵġǺǾһ壬ҪԼ
һݣְȻֻҪǵסʵǿģǾһ壬Ǿɱ
ȥɡ
ǣ
һʿɢȥַľľݵԱϥ
ʱľеҹδѾ֮У壬ҹδʮİģĺѣ򡣵ҲֻǷſԼ飬Լһ뵽Լ壬ԼÿһϸоϮѹơ
һʱʱʱ
һֱûҹδ룬ͻȻ·һ룬ƿһ϶
ҹδ뾯ۣȥΪʮֲӦһ˿˿˿ģԼܹһӾվǰƿһ϶أ
ŷ޵ɺ֪֮ûΣա
ǣΪʲôԼͻȻأ
ҹδ뿪ʼʶһ̽Լڣڵʶǲͷų⣬ɨ軹û⡣
ǣʱûҵԼʲô仯ʶĸ䶼ɨˡ
Ϊʲôˣ
ҹδ룬ʼһֱʶȻٴηſԼĿܡŴѹܵڵ塣ʱٴϮѹԼ塣һ˿˿뵽ڵκһ䡣
ʱԼʶû˿仯ȴܹоԼһ˿ƿһ˿
ⲻ԰
ԼֻϮԼ壬Լûпȥ壬ôһ˿
һ⣡
ⲻǳʶΪʱˣԼҲԼһ˿壬ʶû˿ı仯
Ǳ仯Ӧóϡ
ҹδ˳ʶʶʼԼӣڵκһ䡣
Ȼ󡭡
˱仯
仯ڹ
ҹδĹĸѾʮǴʱ֣ЩΪķϣһ˿һ˿ķ壬壬һַƣʼһ˿˿ı仯仯Ȼ࣬Ǳܵȴҹδһĸо
˱仯֮ҹδ˳˼
ԼռķƣռķƣӦǼ޵ѷ˵ַбض̲ԵİԼ֮ǰֻûз֣ҲΪԼһֱǳְĹûһרԵİ塣
ԣҲһֱûз쳣һֱΪԼǳܿ죬ԼԸߡôΪˡ
ʼϸع۲ԼϵķƣԺл֮ǰԼԼ̵ķơЩǣÿһһ⡣
Լַеһ֣һ˿仯ʱռ֮󣬷ַԼĴǷƲûз仯Ǳø䣬ԵúǰͬŸԼһִ÷˱仯֣ϵĴ󲿷ַƶֱ仯䣬ñúأ̲޾·ÿһƶ̲һ硣
ҹδ۾һ˿Լ֮֮ǰǳʱ˿죬Լһԭ򣬵ȴΨһһԭ򡣻һҪԭԼϵЩơ
Щռķ̫߼ˣӦþǽҹδĸֱӸĳ˵塣ʱ򣬶ҪȥͨıԼĸø䣬صȵȡԼӦòͬԼʱЩϵķԶԼĵϣٽԼ򡣶Լַٽı仯ԣԼܹ˿١
֮ǰԼһֱǳԵΪԼԸߣǽ壬ͻأԼģŷ⡣
˵Լ׵ķ棬ҪȱࡣֲԼΪô졣
ԭҹδҲͷˡٴηſ飬Լ壬ʼ塣
Ҳʵطûʲô𡣲ʺҹδ̫ԶҲû塣
򣬵ЩӴʱȴû˼ľһš
ò˶þҪ˰ɣ
˵˵Ҫռĸ˵ķ᲻ȴһȷ˭ʸռ
ͺˣɱһ
ֹأ
ɫһͣȻԼͬɽϿһۡ
ва
ΪߣһΪӡֻܹñҾùǺ
ɽµķڡ
ҹδ۾ʱһ֣ԼʱĳǸʱԼûһһʽͬʱҲԼĵ׳׳Ͳʶ塣ɴҲ뵽Լ׳ĹǴõġͨ
׳ĹǴ𣿡
һ֣ǲ⡣ֻŽЧġ
ҹδֱ۾ϸϸһԪջҡҡͷԼԪӦûܿ壬Ȼܹͷųⲻһ·ӡڿʼʱ򣬾˽ݾǵ˺棬ȴ鵽ƫ˷Ĵۡ
ʵϣ֪ԼڲùܣֻǰչеķʽͺãΪԼԶ壬Ȼ󷴲ԼֻϣԼܿ죬Ȼַһѭ
ǣҹδ뻹ǾЩҪٿһЩҲ뵽˰취
ҹδƿ˷ţ˳ȥľԱߵķ۾ҹδ߳æվ
ǰ
𣿡
ûҡͷ
Գһ£صԼǶʱ䡣
ʲô˼̲֪һеָ㣺ǰָ̡
ʱǸʱûʶҲûȫƾǸʱڴ徳
ţ̵ͷ
ǸʱʿҪÿһ˿֯ǿʵԭʼĻֻǸʱûĻҲ̫С޷뵽һ㡣
ǣڿԡ
䣬ҹδվǰʼȭ
ûа취ʱӡʶָеĶòûȡһʶڵķòˡûһҲֻôȭȺ飬ȭƷȷȵȡ
ڴľһȭ

ʵһִ


843 
Ȼҹδ벩Ⱥ飬ϸһܹȫƾȭҲ벻ⲻҪΪǵõڸ׳Ĵ
һ״ҹδרΪ׳׼ģġҹδڵĻʺϲˡ

ҹδȭͷȭͷ󴸣ʼȫĵķſգֻƾԼĸ֪֪Լÿһ˿֯ı仯ԭŸõķҹδ̵ʱͨ״ҽԼıǾʶԼڣ˾ܹ΢عۿֻһ˿⡣
ǣҹδûС
ҹδ뿴ǾסȻܹܿ;ͨ״ܹԼڣÿһ˿ⶼѣԼܹǿҲ͵ˣ塣Ϊһжʶ۲쵽Ȼġĸ
ԣԼʶȫԼıܸ֪
ָ֪ȷʽرĻС
顭
ҹδĻӶ˫ȭҲЩ⣬ȴЩɣܹ壿
԰ɣ
̿нγ˳ʼ
顭
ϡ
һȭһ轣
ҹδѾȫ֮УʱλϿˣȻɽ£С

̱ͣҹδ뷽˵Ļ˵Ҳһֱû壬Ȼôţûʲôʧ
ǣҲʼһ轣
ҹδһֱ䣬Ŵ죬ƣͣʧȥʶĺĥˡҲҹδһֺܾûйˬҪ֪ѾܾûгˡȴǺ͸
ҹδ̼ͣæйŮӣŮͽйġ
ǰɽһСӣӴȥϴһ¡
лл
ҹδҲǾûճܲŮӴ˺ɽŮӸҹδڣһҹδ׼˻ϴ·ϴȥ˺ˮˬ˸ˬ·ҹδܾŮӣԼԼ·ϴɾȻڷص·ϣԼķŮӡ
صľݣҹδ뿪ʼϥ
ʱ
ҹδٴ߳ľݣĸѾʼһͣ˵
ǲʶ۲Լ壬ȻıԼķ
ǰĸ˵ͷ
ⲻԣҪףǲΪΪ˰ѽһ¥ͨȥ塣ֶֻΣĿġҪǵʶһжصԭʼʱڣһжƾǵĸ֪
ĸ˻Ȼ򣬹ֲԼһ죬Ҳûʲô򡣷׷ҹδ빪ʩ
лǰ
ҹδڰ֣ߵһߣ
һ죬죬졭
ҹδоԼÿһ춼壬ֻǾһŻһξ룬оҲԶˡ
ÿȭԼáҪ壬뽫뵽ǳСԣÿ춼ʮֳʵ
һٶʿʱҲʮֳʵѾʿʼʶ似
˵ʵЩ似ǶܾûùˣʱĸտʼЩ衣ǽϤҲظоԼƺȷĵ·ϡһÿһʿþ͸ˡ
һա
ʿͣǸо˴صĲҲԽԽ󣬽ͬһ㡣
ˣ
̺ϲɶˢˢҹδ룬ҹδЩһͬŮʱҲ·صŮʱԣֳһСȭͷ
ߣɱ
ŵŵɡ
ҹδɽȥĸ˶һۣ̾Ϣһô;λǰأ
Ҳûа취ĸҲ˴ȣҹδ׷˹ȥ׷ҹδ룬˼άʵ
ǰҪҪ֯һµӣս󣿡
ʲôսֱɱˡֶңʣµǴ
ʱѾɽ£ӪڵһٶʿҹδһСȭͷ
ɱ
ŵŵɡľӪ˹ȥɲȵɫһȻ˷̣εһӳ
ɱ
ҲŵŵɵӪ˹ȥȻλϡɲһӾѪˡϵһγڿһӣ
ɱ
ɱ
һٶʿγ˳ɱֱʣӪſڳ˹ȥ
ںΣΪҹδ뵽ӪشǰҲûֱͣӭķ˹ȥ
ô嶯
Ǻܵģҹδûб׷ȥǰҪҪҵĽ㣿
ãҹδһܣһ߻һֻСȭͷǾ͹ˡ
ʱ˫ڶڱ˴˵ҰСڱо㶼һ㣬ǿһٶʿܹ
ô¶
岻ӦӪſڣǹȥȻս
ôôˣ
ҲûʲôͰҳ尡
гǰǸŮ˭
ô
ʱҹδĿҲɨ˶ڱ壬ȻﱻӡΪǲǸ֣ҲܹдǱеҲܹҹδǿԷʲôΪȴĸߣĸ壬Դһ֧飬ǰ档

ҹδ벻ɴһӣĸͷǷֿġеð죬ǾһԼͿһĸǿˡǷֿģǾֻٶȣɵԷˡ
飡
ҹδĽȻһ鿪ˡͬһ㣬Ŷһǿͳ˹ȥǸ嶼ûзӦҹδѾ嵽ĸǰһֻСȭͷͬһһ㣬ǸԴȥ
Ǹ循һ£̫ˣû뵽ҹδٶȻô졣æ̧һֻ첲ӭȥͬʱһֻצҲҹδȥСԼұ۵סԷȭͷ־ͻҹδţɱ˶Է
ǡ
飡
оһֻȭͷԼұϣûдʹĸ첲ͶˡȭͷԴϡ
䡭
ǸϰȻȥԴһײڵϣײһӣϰ˵ʵϣʱǸԴһһȭˣǸòˡ
ҹδȻû壬ȻӡΪôҲǵԪԲҵ;ڶѾȫ˷ƣҲ˵ҹδڵıͶѾǻԪֻͻƻԪ
ԪȭͷжӲ
һıҹδˣ֪ȭͷļӲˡ
һбеУ廹ż׵ľأҹδһ˳˹ɱһǿߡ

Ҵ̫ˣ屼ڵĽŲһ٣Ϊ֮ǱȴǾܣеĽŲᶨ˼֡
䡭
ҹδҽڵһţŷ˳ȥŵڶǿ߳˹ȥһֻȭͷ˶Է
ʱǸء
徹Ȼôǿ
ǲ룬ҹδѾ˹һѾǱͻϮˣ׼ңɱͬһϡ
䡭
ˣһȭ˿ӭҹδȭͷ
ֻǿȭͷĴСһ˿˷ܵĺС
ҹδȭͷǸͬһƻһɳȡ
ȭͷȻײһ
䡭
ǸȭͷȻˣѪɣҹδȭͷͬһ㼤䣬ȻһǸϡǸ޴շУǿž޴Դͱˡ
飡
ҹδ£˫ڵһţһƬѣѾһ˵
ʱȫľ˫һ󴸣ڵһ壬ͬĴعѣҲͬһҹδ롣󴸣ҹδ롣
гɱ⡣
ȭͷӲҵĴӲ
ʱ˫ܵʿͣĿⶼ˵ײСǸմĴҹδɵȭͷԼĴ󴸣ʱһǾҹδȭͷԼĴ󴸻󴸡

ײ𵴵ʿ˫
ȻͿǸеĴַ˳ȥҹδѾ۽߸Ծȭͷͬһ󴸣Ǹ̬㵵ĴԴϡ
䡭
ǸԴһӱҽ˲ǻ棬ѪӲǻ˳
̤̤̤
ҹδתһ˹ȥǸѾ˵ͷӡ
䡭
еˮҲӦ˹ͷӣʱܵÿˡ̵֮࣬һɡ
𾪵ǣǶûüһ£嶼ˡ
ɵǣ屻ˣҲڰȫˡ
ǣǵɫΪǷҹδûͣŵŵɵ׷ȥ
ʱҹδͻȻоһδйˬֲֻɱ·𼤻ÿһϸÿһϸ˷һּµˬд⣬ִⷴڡͬʱֶƺȻͻһƿһ롣


844 
ʲôԥģ
ȻҪ
ΪɱֻΪ塣
˵һͷܵǸʱ׷ϣʣµЩʿʵҹδ̫󣬾ƾҲ̫ܹܵùҹδ롣
顭
ҹδ߸Ծڿлһ޴ĻߣһǽףһȺȭͷ¡¡ţһȻһ׷ȥøںܵķ̵ˣƤֱ顣
λǰ˭
̫׺ˡ
顭
䡭
ҹδһ·׷һ·ϣͻȻǰ洫һ
ҹδ̧ͷȥһ޴ӰҰУ֮ǰܵǸǸ޴Ӱܶȥһ޴ԳʮɣֿȭĿҹδ롣
飡
ҹδҽڵһߣθ߸ԾȻͬһǸ޴ԳＤȥһȭͷͬǹһǸԳ
ǸԳؿҹδһ̧һֻ첲һȭҹδ롣
䡭
һ죬ҹδ˳ȥĿԳȭͷϣԳȭͷһ֡Ŀԭˡ
ԳﾹȻţܹͷųһȻֻһȭͷȴѾҹδʱ
Ҫ֪ҹδǵԪԲǸ϶ǣȴΪһҹδ롣
ǣҹδȴϲڿеһγǸԳдȣ

䡭
ҹδ;޴ԳＤҵĶһ𣬷̵ʿ׷˹˽Ų溦£ܹû̷ߣѾܲˡǳԾǣЩҲֻǿһۣҲûΧǵ˼ʵϣЩҲ£ҹδûб֮ǰҲɱ¾̵ˡ
һҹδӮأ
Ūǣ
ǣҹδӮˣ˵ԼûɱʿҲͣսˡҹδ뱻ˣǸʱ¾ЩҲ꣬Ҳܲˡⳡɱʤҹδ룬Щʿϡ
䡭
ҹδ벻ϵرɣȻֲϵس˻ԷǱΪѾһ˿壬ͷųһȴɲͷŵͷıͨԱҹδǿҲޡҹδǲУǿתģ΢ܵˣתһȦˡ
ԣҹδһһ㣬һ鱻ɣһֳ˻ڵҲǸԳ˾ػصȭȭغšȭȭĺУҹδͻͽ
ÿһҵײҹδڵƶһ˿Ҳһ˿һ˿һ˿ĵţڡ
ˡ
ҹδȭͷһ
䡭
ǸԳ˳ȥҹδ˵棬ûٳ֣ŷŵĸоǸԳֳ֮ɵûǰֻԶԶؿҹδ롣Լӵʱ䣬ҹδ̧һ۾ԳȻת뿪Ҳ
ЩһԳҲЩûɣԼĵطȥ
ҹδߵúһߣһ
оЩԣȴʼҲԵĵط̵ҹδ˷ܡ˷ܲԴ壬δһʱڣӦǰȫġΪҹδ壬˵ҹδķǶԵģֻҪǰҹδָ㣬Ҳܹ塣
ҹδصӪصɽϣһһػȭͷȻͣѾܹ΢ؽʶͷųӴָһԴ󴸣УȻ˵趯Ǵ󴸵ıһɵ
һ죬죬졭
ҹδÿ춼趯󴸣Ƿ̵ȴҹδüͷȴšԽԽҲʣֻѾ뵽ѵҹδķǴģ
Ҳ԰
ܹʶˣ˵ȷİ
ǣȷģΪʲôɫԽԽ
˵յ磬趯˫ҹδͻȻͣ˫վ۾˳˼
һվһֱվʱ֡
ˣҹδ۾
ǰһֱվڲԶķ̺ϣæ߹ڴؿҹδ룬֪ҹδһ͸ʲô
ҹδ뵹ҲûǼסĿĲΪܹͷųͶʶ
ɫһ㣬ŵΪʲô
ҹδĿͷʶֻȥӦ򣬴ﵽͷŵĿģ˵кⲻ
Ǵġ
ô죿
ʶԼô⣬ȥ򴿴
ĸЩԺǡͷŵʿıܣأ
ǾǿѹԼʶǱ취Ҫ򴿴»üѰٱܱߴ˷á
䣬ҹδڰ֣߻˷䣬˵ϣϥ£򡣷ֻһ֣͸һ㣬Ҫȫչ
ľ⣬ĸ㿴ңҿ㣬һԻ
ǵľҹδ˵Ļȴ֪ҹδΪǸߣ۽Զ˵һⲻˣȼԼܹͷų֮Ҳҹδԡ
ա
ҹδֿʼ趯ˣû뿪˵ڵǿģٵⲻ벻룬һЩǳһЩûӰ졣ԣ˴˵ء
տʼҲʶûа취Ҳֻǿѹʼմڣк
ʼѣʿĹʱؾͲ֪͸֮󣬱ѹƵһ춼״жȹԶķĸ˿һǰҲǡҲҪһ̡ǰȴǰ·ߣ˵Ӧûġ
ˣֹȥ˰£ҹδܹı֮ǰϰߣһֱѹڡоһֱѹڵЧ֮ǰǲ֪ؽ͸ûгʱĽѹڣûиоЧʱȴظоˡ
ѹڵڲϵ֮󣬱óأҲøȻҲøӾͽܡЩʼҹδ壬ڻţκһڵĽУһҹδ壬ҹδıͶȿʼһ˿˿
Ŀԣ
ͶȵҪǳ߳һأ⻹ֻǿʼҹδƱضЧѡ
ҲΪҹδͶȻ͵ԵʣϾֻǵԪԲͶҪΪ߳һЩҲǰ벽Ԫ򣬿γɵġȵˣΪҲǺϵҲǿγɵضǳԪģ˴ҹδŻ˴󡣵ҹδΪһͶͻƵԪЧҪһЩ
ǣǾҹδľ绹̫Զܲôֻ࣬ҪץסͺãֱоЧ뿪롣Խ룬ЧԽáǣڵҹδ벻룬ΪʶһеЧΪԵѹơ룬ǿҹδѹƵٴ¶ҹδҪｫԼľʶĳ̶ȡ
ڶûţЩʿ֪ķÿ˶Ŭ
ֹȥʮ죬̼ĴЦΪܹͷųһĳͷɵĹâ
ҹδ뿴һ۵ڿԳѹˡ
ǣ̹ҹδʩ񣺡лǰǰŴ¡
ҹδ룬ָԼò̾һҹҹǰ
ңҹδ뺬Ц
ɫȻֲ˼ܹô壬ҹδ밡˵˭ɽľ콾ҹδ벻ɡ
ɣҹδ벢ûеһ¶ҲͲݣ趯󴸡
һ֮ǰȷҹδָ㲻֪ҹδݣ͸ȷˡ㿪ʼѹԼ趯һߵϣĿĽỵ̂һҲʼٴϣԼܹ׷Ϸ̵ĽŲ
һֹȥ࣬ʱɽϣ̺Ͽҹδ롣ҹδ޴Ĵӣº޴ûһ˿ƫƫһɫĢƣƫƫоž޴ܣǸоľս
⡭ҹǰǳ𣿡ʵ
֪ҡͷеĿǾĽ
ʱҹδѾȫ֮УҲȫﵽʶľ磬˴ڵô⡣
Ĵ⣡
оԼΧһ˿˿ϣѹƿʼһ˿˿ͬʱҲһ˿˿˽⣬Ϊؼǣ屻Чַ˼


845 

ҹδͣ³һһ˿ȡΪѹŷԼͶȾȻ˷ԾٶȡԼ²һʱ䣬ܹͻƵԪ硣
̧ͷڵա

Ȼһ
ʵЩãΪоԼĵƺﵽ˼ޣһƿǰǲ֪
Ҳûϸ룬ΪľжͻƾϣҲֻҪԼľ粻ϵȻͻ
ǣȴͻȻ˴
ԼǲҲܹ

ԼǸпռ䣬ǲǾƤë
򾿾һʲô
̧ͷգȻһȻһ˿־塣
򡭡Ȼˣܹ
ܹڡôչĶʲô
һС
СĳΣ
ǡֻС磬Ż֮󣬴أˣͻɢأ
ҹδȻ
ǲ˵ģ
Ҳ˵ǻģ
ֻʣһȣôǻģ
ǺϵĴȰ
ϵ羿Ǹʲôӣҹδ벻֪Ҳȷǳˡˣô
ԣ
ȸտʼʱûġǺɢ᲻Ժϵķʽգ
ˣһȣǻһʿ
ʲôΪ磿
ζԴɽ磿
ҹδоЩţЩꡣʱ򣬴𶯵ԽԽҹδվɽϣĿԶȥ˹ֳǵ
ҹǰ᲻ˣ
ҹδ³һڷ֮ٲ·ȥȥ
ߵò죬һߣһ˼ʱѾʹԼ侲˼ά˺ܶࡣȵӪſڣѾ侲УѾ߱ܶ
źһ壬Զܶѹȵƣ̵һٶʿɫֻҹδ뾲վؿŶ档
ǰһҹδ򣬴ӶԷܵϾܹжϳԷһһǻڣ˵һԲʱǸҲվڴſڵҹδ룬еĻһ£ȻͣһͣҲæͣеƲײǰϣһʱ֮䣬ҡ
ҹδ뿴Ǹеûʲô֣ԼŴܵǱߣӦϳԼ㿪ڵ
ʶң
ҹδ룡ǸȻɲ棬򣬾ҹδǵԪԼǻΣ
ԼڿѾܹ΢ͷųһ˵ܹҹδɱԼɱҹδ룬ǿǸ˴ˡһ뵽Ķ˷ֻ˶ȭͷǰһ
ҹδ룬ɸҺһս
ã
ҹδ뵭ͷٲǸȥǸҹδһƽǵЦȻһֻ֣ҹδĻ˹ȥ
ˡ
۳һֻ֣źʹֱͬһֻСҹδĻ˹ȥ
飡
ҹδҽڵһ壬´زѣ³ߣҹδȴѾȥ
䡭
һȭǸ֣ҹδûһ˿󣬰еҹδڿлһߣǸ׹ȥ
̫ˣ
ǸӦ㱻ҹδһŲԴϡҹδȴǸֻԴðǣȴһɡ
ҹδҲûж
̧־ҪŲԼԴҹδĴץȥ̾͸оԼԴϵˡ
ͨ
Ǹ˵ϣﻹ̧ȥץҹδĴȣ
ܹоԼԴϵֻϵһӡʱҲˣҹδһŲȲ˼
ֻ·һɾǿǾһǡ
ǴȻͶͶ
оԴϵһᣬҹδƮƮǰͨһǴһƨ˵ϣ˫ȷվˡ
ҹδ뿴ǲΪʲôûɱأ
ʱǸ֣ʿҲ֡һҹδǴɱ䣬ôˣ
֪ҹǰʲôԸ
ҹδ븺ֶ̧ͷգƽ˵֪ôİɣ
֪һȡ
˵ȿʼͷ򣬻᲻ѣ
աѣǴȻ̧ͷԾҹδ롣
ҹδƽǻɣ
ǣǴŴԴ
ҲԵԪЩ˽⣬˽Ԫ𣿡
˽⣡
Ҳ˽Ԫ֮ϰҹδ̾Ϣһ
Ǵɫһֳ˿־塣ˡ磬ԪǶû˽Ԫ֮ϡˣһʿԪ֮ϣ᲻Ѫ
ܵĻһȣȵѪǿˡ
˵ˣʲô̬ȣ
ǸɫĿ־ڷŴ֪ҹδеǣָ壬塣ûеǻҵ˼άһͷҹδ뿪ڵ
ôģҶǸȶ𣿡
ҶģǸ̵ĲҶġ˭Ҳ뽫Լ˽ˡ
ԣܿܵǸʱҪ֡ҹδͷҲɱԭҲǸո뵽ģ֮һ룬ȥĻԪϣԪ֮ǰͣս룬ҲٷܹҵĻȥһм㡣
ҡǸֻԼɬеĿ־ڷŴ󣺡ҡὫĻȥġ֤Ƭƽ
ܺãȥɣ
Ǹվɸо˫ȷҹδʩһ񣺡лǰ
¡¡
뿪ˣһٶʿʱԴɫ԰ס˹Щ
ҹǰ˵ġģ
ҹδҡҡͷ̵ɫһɣȻҹδ˵
ֻ֪ҵƲ⡣ҲϣǼٵġҲҶġ
̵һҹδ뿴ҽҵȫڸǣϣܹɳδҲһƬȷѪꡣ
ֻоԼĺɬҪ˵ʲôȴ˵ҹδļ
ҲҪ̫ģǸҪѣҲ̫졣ǻʱ䡣
ǡùڻûѡ
ǰҹδҲ̾Ϣһֻȵʱ򣬱ûа취ҪˡǸʱҲֻ֣ǰ̵ƴҪֻܹȵӾͿˣҲܹӮøʱ䡣
ϣҵĲ²ⶼǼٵİɡ
㡭Ҫ뿪𣿡
ţѹ˵ѾˡҪ롣
ֱȥЩԪǰ
ǣҹδҡͷҪЩԪǰȥҵĻҪҵʵƽƽ
ġҪȫѣӦҪʱ䲻̡һὫҵʵЩԪǰƽƽҲҲκεʱ򣬲ŻȥǡţⲢķҶʱ䡣
úˣ
ҹδٲȷķȥҹδʧıӰеľ彥ʧüᶨתͷԼŵʿ
ҹǰĻˣ
ţɫЩãȻ
ˣͻȥŬ
ҹδһǰߣһ߸֪ѹ룬ѹԽԽߵҹʱ֡ҹδͣҲΧĵƣҲںΧû壬оڵѹոպãȡֻ󴸣ʼ
ҹδǲɽڵһʿ۵еĵطһͤʱͤˣŽСҹδ󴸣ȴû˸ЦΪǶϳҹδ롣
ǣҲȥձҹδȻǰݼҹδһֱͣ۾֪Լüëһ
ѹ֮߳ǰԼĴҲ߳Ʋ£ܹԼıͶͻƵԪ硣ԼҪҪ룿
ջǷˣΪ֪̲ĵոպã󣬷Чá֮Ч֮ǰãΪѹãĶࡣ룬ӰԼ򣬴Ч
˽Ų۾Լ߹
ݼҹǰ
ҹδͷ˽ǵ㽫ԼƲ˵һ飬Ȼӻȥҹδͨͤá
ҹδһȻ֣Լ򣬴ЧҲԽԽߡ֮ǰµʱ䣬̡ҹδｫͻƵԪ֮ټ롣


846 ع
ڽʱڣżʿݼҲʿݼҹδҲָǣͬʱԼƲǣ塣Χֳ˺ƽŬľ档
ҹδﶺһ£ļͶͻ˻Ԫ
Ȼҹδ뿪ˣ룬뵽һ̶ȣԽԽļͶҲԽԽǿҲԽԽᣬҲԽԽ
ûżΪ֪ʱԽżԽǻҡܽϣǸϣһжҪԼʵΪͰ룬
ֹȥһ룬ıͶȴﵽ˻ԪԲоԼҪͻƣͻƻԪΪԪʿûͻƣΪ֪Լͻƣͻϴ·
ǣ룡
һָо֮;ǿ֮;Լ˴֮;ͻ˻ԪϵҲδܹùȡ
ȻѾﵽ˻ԪԲ㲻ͣȷֱıӶȥҴʱȷѾԶˡ
պ
ҹδ뿴ʮˣϥڵϣ˽Ųתͷҹδ뿴ʮеˣоһϲ
磬㣬硣
ž䣬Ȼ˼ҹδҲʮָˣҹδӭδ룡
ߣʱһҹδĿȥһʿͷ޾ɱ⣬Ը
סǣµĸϣɱҹδ롣
ڵһԪԲĵܵҹδնɱɱҹδܾˡֻһֱûлᡣǣõĻͰǰ
ʲôط

Ƕ˺򣬷Ҳߵĳ̶ȡҹδǴǵ˵ҹδǡʮһϣžԵİɱҹδ롣
ʦ֣žɫһ䣬˫Ŀ
ಡʿžĵǰ
磡ҹδסҪֵž䣺磬һԣҪ򡣻С
ʮˣʮߴţҹδЦЦ
һϰɡ
δ롭ž䣬Ȼˡ
ҿԵģ磬һᡣҹδЦӯӯ˵
ž˲ɫһͣ˽ҹδ룬Ӳԡɵĵ
δ룬㲻֪ǶѾ˺ͷŵѾ߳ˡ
ҹδĿһǸ˼ˡ磬˺󣬷ģҲɱǵġҾҶ򡣶Ҿߴ·֤һ¡
ߴ·ž䣬ʿҲһȻ
ˣҹδڰ֣ʮʿɣɱߴŵʿһˣǲҪ֣ȻҲ֡ɱʹ졣
ʮʿоһݣʱҹδǸɱȻУҹδҲǸոոӦñҹδøࡣҲʮôôأ
Ȼž䣬žһȥȻҲȥѹ
磬δ
δ롣ž˵ˣδ㲻УҲԲڶʱڱδ벻Уʲôʱܹϡ
Ȼͷ˵Ŀⶼʮĸϡҹδһ˹վһߣһʮʿǿȴʮʿӽšµһʿҹδһֱûж֣㿪ڵ
ҹѣ룡
ҹδҡҡͷȳְɣһ֡ȳ֣Ҫһ
ʮʿɫһ˴˽һֳᶨ֮ɫ
ҹѣ
ҹδ뺬Ц룡
䡭
ʮʿûǰƽվԭأҹδͷųҹδ뾫һʮ˾ȻǵԪͷųĵҲɵܡǻǶӦ˺ֻܶ࣬ߴ˷
飡
ҹδҽڵһţαŶǸµʿ˹ȥ
̫ˣ
壬Уศɣҹδٶȿͬһ㣬һȭͽĵ򱬣ѾڴʿĶ棬һȭͺ˹ȥ
µʿɫ󾪣ҹδһȭ˵ͨȻӲҹδȭͷαźˣȴ·Ȼһţһر߷˳ȥ޴γ𵴣ֱʶȻڰоͻ˹ȥžһˤ˵ϡ
ͬʱҹδտ˫ȭֻͬһ㣬Ľĵ飬ֳһʿ
һӺҹδվԭأϵʮʿҹδֳ˼֮ɫĿǰܣҲΪУޱȵơԼԷķŴ󣬶ʮʿǱնѹơ⣬Լʹԭĵֻĺã治ʮʿ֮С
˵еĵȼǽϵ͵ģԼܹ塣ǱҲа尡
δ룡
ž˹Ȼĸ˿ʼʶδ룬壿
ҹδҲһ㣬û뵽ϳԼ壺磬Ҳˣ
֪žźͼռ䣬ڹŵơžͷ
ңȻ˴ûиˡҲδ¶ȻδҲˣǽһ¡
ã
ĸ뿪ڵϵʮԶһЩϥڲݵϣʶʼһҹδ뷢֣ñԼˡһ׹ԼӺʮʿ½˹ǿ˲Զžĸˣɫøӡ
Լû˵ҹδˡǺܲ⣬ҹδһɱô֣
ʵƫƫˡ
Ȼ뿪˶ˣô뿪˵ȥǿҹδĸԶʶض˵ʲôܣҲùȥڨڨվֻǲһڻ֮ǰҹδս֮󣬱Ҳ
ûз֣սĹУҹδûжһ
ˣ
Щ˶ɱʮǻ֮ˣʱҲһ
᲻ᡭߴ˷򣿡
ӦǣߵĲǴ򡣡
ǣԭҲûߴ
˵Ķԣûߴԭĵ;ûз֣ȻһӦ򣬵ǵĸ沢ûԵǣҹδȴʵı仯ҹδҲ֮;
ǡΪʲô
ͱͶศɵģڵҹδļͶȣѾﵽԪˡ
˼ǣҹδڽ壿
һʿĵ·˵ʲôЧ
ļͶȡ
˻ȻʱҹδĸҲվʮҹδĸˣֳҹδɫƽ֮⣬ž˵ɫЩء
λǲǶûɱǺ֣ҹδҲûжȦӣֱʵ
ʮʿɫܲÿлǺ棬׷ͷ
ҹδתͷ˴ʱѾܹȣЩĪ
ûĳ֣Ǹڸգ
ʮɫޱ䣬磬ö˵Ҳܹ򡣿Ѿҹδ̾Ϣһ
ҲǸʱ򣬲Ҫ֣嶼Ҫ֡
䣬ҹδתžȷķȥʮҲĬĬظҹδ˵Ʋ⣬ʵˣĳһʱ֮û˵¡
֮ȷ帽ϱֳһ˿졣
ʮӰڰмʮӰЩԪʿǼĶһ
ĺ
ţ
ʦ棿
ҹδ뾹ȻϣʱҲڰкͺţʱеİֵȿҹδ룬һȭȻεɣҹδ׷һ룬ͷأһͷȷϣȻ
ǡȵëҹδ𾪣ëˣ
žʮʿҲɫ䣬ֵҹδǰδ룬ǻпܸ
ҹδͷһ뵽ˡ
Ȼʶʦ棬ʲôʱģ
һʱˣǱоǸͷ­ոоûиǧ꣬оʲôǸǧ꣬δܹоʲô˾ͻˡȴû뵽ֵ򡣡
ҹδһǸͷ­ûг򣿡
ûУ
ҹδߵʦ棬˵᲻ǱʼôںǸͷ­ŻӰ쵽Ǹͷ­ѣ
ߣԴȷ͸ûжȡκδʩĸգ
ֵҲӵؿǸȷһۣӦˡ


847 ֪
ȻҹδȻ뵽ȻḴգӦ˴֮ɣ
ţû̫·ϡ
ͺã˵ֵοؿҹδ룬ſµǸ񣬷ǳáȸѾ㹻鷽񣬺ܿͻɵ;ڵĵƣһɣҲ
ʦ棬ʲô
ǶʶȵΣգҪȣܸܲһЩ˺²ɱܹ˯Ҳã˱ܹǶһЩ׼ʱ䡣ȴû뵽ЩëữΪ赲ǣǸ޷ȡЩëǿģҪҪԣ
ҲãҺܿͻ뿪
Ϊʲô
֮;ھͿͻƻԪҲ룬Ҫ뿪ȥҵĴ
ҲãԾ뿪ɡڶ˵ʵҪġ
ʱЩĻԪҲ˵ЩԪҹδǣѾܸʵ࣬ҹδ¶֮ɫ
ʱ򣬾ٿŰֵڵʦ֣ʮΣǲʦ
ֵһҹδ룬еתһ᣺ʦѾˡ
ʲô
廹壬ʱɫǴ䡣ǻܹȣΪӦڡȻҲ֪ӦǡǸ֪ӦִʿڴǴǰ֮ǰЩС¡ȴӦˡ
ž䣬Ȼɫһ㣬Ȼĵҹδ룬ȴҹδʮƽž˼һ£Ҳˡʱѵʱɽȣ˵ʱһƽ١
ʱ嶼ò֣ﻹڶ
ҪڵҪԪߴڻԪһҲ̾ϢһǴʱѾףӦˣǱƭڡһ֮ǰ˿ǺԵġǸʱ˭ҲӦ˰
ͬʱҲоԼϵĵһӳˡ֮ǰлӦ̣ûˡⲻǵжһš
վǰֵҲ̧࣬ͷȷ
ֻܹԼ
ǡô죿ʵ
ǺڵǵȽЩëȻܹȵı塣
ɡֵ˼ſڣЩЩë˻ȥ֪ͨеʿܹסѹˣһԸЩë󣬽Ǹŵʦ۹Χȷ岼һǿĴ󡣡
Щʦ
ǿ϶տʼסѹ߲Ҫȷ壬ϣܹӻһЩյʱ䡣
ЩʦҪߵסѹҲҪʱ䡣
⼸Ǿһ
Ԫһ㽫ʿ˻ȥҹδʣµĶǻԪҹδʵǵõЩԪͬȻиоҹδ뻹ǣҲΪҹδŻԪصʵԱ㽫ҹδ뵱һԪë
ಡ
һԪʿȷ壬ӽһ룬ȷкڳëһһԪ˹ȥҹδҲͺһ
䡭
ҹδ뷢ЩҲֻлԪڵʵڻԪԲıԵȫѹЩǺ̫ࡣΧҹδľʮҹδܿ˱ľ档ЩԪѾо顣ǻЩζԲúΧԼԼԵԶֻĺ
а
ҹδ̱˾ȡЩԪһսѾʮΧҪӵ־棬ɱһ·ӰΧɱȥڵʵܡ
䡭
ҹδһһλãɰΧм䡣ҹδһüкͷ˳ǷŴ󣬺һ˵ţһӽһʮ˽ȥҹδǰһͨһͨг˳ȥȻ˷ʼȡԪʿһսͬʱڷڣҹδŷʮܼغ
䡭
ǿĹܿͽʮɱ˷ĩɢڷڡҹδоһϲһնɱİ취
ҹδ뿪ʼɱʵëó̡
ͨսϵ壬ϲķ֣սеЧáֻɱЧʸûǷҹδͨ˫ɱʮ
տʼʱЩԪʿҹδ뾹Ȼ󴸣Ƕֻ顣ǵȵǿҹδ˫һˡΪǷУҹδսѾˡ׿㣬˫Чʣǿ졣
˵ʲô
˵ҹδ棬ӦѾһˡ

ҹδıͶѾﵽ˻ԪԲˡ
⡭
кܲԸţΪҹδΪǵԪԲôͱͶȴﵽ˻ԪԲˣ
뵽Ļܡ
ЩԪʿҲһֱɱ¾ֻڰɱ¾һϢһҪｫԼıԪ硣
ÿһϣ廹ԪһһܹӼӿԼٶȡ
ҹδĵϣһȺʿΧһ𣬾ٵһڣֱҹδ룺ҹѣڵıͶȿǴﵽ˻ԪԲ
ǣһҹδûôԪʿ۾Լ¾һ죬Ҳˡ
ٵбֳ˸֮ɫп˵˵ܿҪͻƻԪˡ
˿죡ҹδ뿪ʼˣͻƻԪҲֻǴﵽ˱Ͷȣö򣬷֪¡
˵ҲǡǺڵ㻹Ҫڵ;ϵƣԣͻٶȣҸоʱ䣬Ӧٸ꣬ӦþͿԪͻƻԪˡ
ô˵ˣǰЩԪһĭµǺϡ˵Ķҹδ룬ȴȻЩ˿˵ǿҹδɳģֻһٶʮ꣬ȴѾԪԲ˲ʣԾǶġڳκһԪҲ˵Լҹδ֮ϡΪҹδ䣬˵ԪˣǵԪԶ
ʵǵʮҹδԾ֮ϡܹһٶʱڣͻƵԪԲ츳Ҳ˵ˡȻɾͻԪʱЩţȴһָоҹδڶͻƲ˻ԪҲᳬꡣ
ǴʱʮָӣһҹδĳɳǸовʣҹδɳ֮һӦһѹһʱǸʱߴһţڻɳšߴڽʧȥȨⲻҪĽǣһ棬ڴҹδ뾡سɳΪȵв˭Ҳ֪ʲôʱ򱬷
Ҳ죬Ҳǧ֮
ȸ֮ǰҹδܹͻƻԪòҹδʵ֮ǰƽҲۿǸʱҹδҲֻǸոͻƻԪã൱ڻԪҵʵǵԪԲǺɣҹδѾ˺һʵټҹδıͶȴﵽ˵ԪԲһҹδͻƵԪֻǻԪһأڳĴʿûһĶ֡
Σ£˵һ¡ֻܾЩþΪʲô˲ԼΪʲôԼŵʿ
ҶԸ̸ҹδˡ

ҿʼһĵãҹδҲ˽ȥʸȥΪڴҽݾνͶϵ磬ڱͶϣҹδǾͬ
̸ǰҹҹ򡣴ʮ֣һȺʿּʼɱ
ʱһȥ½ʼʿ壬Ҳ塣ʼΧȷ壬ɱ
˹ȥ£ҹδķ֪Ѿɱ˶ٺһգںͺҹδͻȻһ֪˷ı仯΢֪һ£ƺûΣգɱҹĻ٣Զȷ壬ŸԵȦӿʼҹδȻǺЩԪʿΧһʿţеĽе壬еļʡҹδıӰ̾ϢһȻְ־ֻҪԼｫͶԪ̻ȥչء
ԼδؾͻƻԪҹδ
ʱѾ֪ҹδıͶѾﵽ˻ԪԲҹδ벢ûڵ;ϵơԼأ
ΪԼû¶ͱչ˷ʱ䣿
һţѾȫ˵ƣڽоϵĵƵˣڱͶϣҹδǰ档ڵ;ϵĵϣԼҹδǰ棬˭ͻƻԪ֪أ


848 
ΪԼڵ֣ԼѾ벽ԪˣֻҪٸԼһʱ䣬ԼܹͶԪ硣ԼƾͲһǰˡ
ٺ١
еɥȥ
ҹ
һڻԪ֮󣬴ɢȥҹδҲһطϥŽԼʶ뵽㡣
һ㣬̱о˲ͬĿռ䷢ʵı仯˺ǰĲֱ仯
ҹδķΪԵɺϵԭ򣬺ͱ˵ķͬ˵ķǸԼԣӵһռ䣬ÿһռ䶼ͬġϾͺҹδĵһ
ҹδĵһȴһɭɭһʺĵطڶһħصĿռ䣬һʺħޣʺʿԼľĿռ䡣ĵһݺĿռ䣬ĵĲ㣬һ˷֮Ŀռ䡣ĵ㣬Ҳ仯ˣԼص㡣
һĿռ䣬ԲͬԣĵϺĵƺűʵռ䣬ȻصͬȴŹͬ㣬ǵ϶ͬһΡǵǲͬ
ĵԪʵķ߳һ㣬ҹδ֪˺ܾã
һʲôоأ
ͺñһ˵ʱ򣬻߸ոտʼʱ򣬿ЩܵʿǸʱĸоԼǷˣЩܵʿɡˡͬˣͬɡ
˵һĵϵĲҪĵʵĲͬӦþǺϵߺϵ֮ϵĵϡԸ߲εʿ߸߲οռ߱ĵϡ
Ҳ֮ΪϸΪǡ
ͻƺϵĹؼ㣬ӦҪԼٴת䡣֮ǰҪͻƵԪҪʶתɵԪҪͻƺϵӦǽԪתϰɣ
ֿǷͬСɣȷҪһ
ЩǸȵëǸȵһϵ֮ϵǿߣ˵Ǹǿ߱ضȫԪתϣȻëҲϡֻ֮ǰɱëΪһңҲȻɢ֮䡣û˻
ƫƫҹδ뷢һɱĽݾ÷Щ˷֮ڣЩϱɢڷ֮ڣջۣͷںһγָı䡣Ҳ˵ҹδķ㣬Ѿӵϡ
ҹδпϲ˵Ͽռ䣬ֻһϣԼҲ˱˵ǰ档
ա
ҹδӷɱϵպȻɱʱҲЩʦһ÷պնɱܹѸɱȴһûС
һ棬ڿǷԲʵǿĹУڹⰵҲﵽԲ硣ֻһֱ޷ﵽԲ磬Ҳ޷ͻƵʥҪ֪ʥƺֻǷʦһֻ룬û˴ﵽ硣ΪѾ൱ڻԪǷʥǺϵ
ԣ磬Ǳ߾Ͳ˵ˣûзʦ·ߵķҲֻĸ
һҹδ룬ֱԴ£ں͵
ʵҲﵽԲ磬ʵȴҹδԶǵķҪҹδĵȼ̫ࡣҹδķռѹͼ̶ȺǱǱķܹȵġҷռҲʦķ֪˶ٱ˵ķֻܹһǧöҹδķöû⣬ԣնɱٶȺҹδȥԶ
ҹδķǷϡһ϶˼᲻ǵķűˡ
ĥţԼôЩԪʿԼķ֣ȴܹ֪Լķʱ䡣һ⣬ɱ˻ƻʱ֣ҹδץסһûдԶȷ塣ЩƺֻΪȸյĻԶȷ壬һﵽһľ룬ͻ᱾ܵطءԣҹδץһԶȷ壬ûк׷ץԶȷ֮ƺҲụ̂һëû˿Ĺ
ҹδëڵϣϥëǰʶëϸϸɨ衣ֵȻԪʿҲΧ˹ÿ˶һԼ֮ǰôû뵽취
Ƕվһԣȴҹδ롣
ҹδȻëз˲ͬĵϣ֮߳ΪϡʱͻȻһһҪ뿪ͷҪ뿪ȥ濴Լⷽ羿ûϣ
δ룬Σֵҹδ۾ʵ
Լɡҹδʾ⡣
˷׷ͷʶëȻ϶¶֮ɫ̧ͷҹδ룺
ҹѣʲô
Ҳ֪ҹδҡͷƲҪͻƺϵӦýڵĵԪתֵƣҳ֮Ϊϡ
˼ŵѵǽڵĵԪת֡
һʱ֮䣬ҲʵĴʻ㣬ҹδ룬Ͼҹδķ֣ҹδǾȨġҹδһµ
Ԫɡ
۾һֺá
ǺʱҲڵǽʶ㶼תһָ߼ԪɾͻԪڵ;γɵƣ˵ϵǷζҪԪתԪٽ;ڵĵתƣ
ҡʶڵĵǷҲҪϵĵתƣ
ԽƣӦǱġֻǲ֪ϵǷҪֻҪһ֣Ƿкϵ֮ϵľ硣
ǧУ·ȫУˣתˣǾ·ǣɽǷƣҲѡԭе·У˵ǻǿһǿ֮·ûУ˵ⷽ磬ԪǾͷǱܹͻƺϵҲǽȡûЩƴȵĶⷽʿûг·ġ
̲סˣھͳȥɣ֮ǰҲΪϰߺԵϡ
ԶҡͷֻܣһûУһʮϡ١ǵΪ磬ÿ֪У٣ǲܺԵġ
ɫһԶ˵ûĲ֮;Ƕһµ츳ߣȻܹ֮;ľԡ
ֵվ߰ɣȥ֪ˡ
ڻԪ鰲һ£Ȼ֮ȥЩʿ嶼һԺܿͷɳȻһ򣬷ſ飬ͷųʶʼ֪ǷϵĴڡ
ûУ
Щ˲ģúܿȸĵϣԶ˲ɽڡѡһȥҹδҲˣ뿪˲ɽ֮ңȴҲûи֪ϵĴڡ
ⷽĽǵ͵ĽûϣҲͱͻƺϵԪⷽΪ硣

ҹδ̾Ϣһ﷢֪ȥ˶ãȻһ˷㣺
𣿡
ƺ˻䣬Լȥ˰ӵʱ䣬
Ķҹδпϲ
ǿеĹУżȻȥһƬ򣬲ʮգһжʮǿ󣬵Ҿ͸֪֡ϡұܵظо϶кôҪõڲ֮Ҿ˳ԶҲһȥ
ҹδ⡣
ǸطһΪϣŻָǿ飬߽ء
ʲôط
֪ǳһ·򣬸ûעΧҲǾҲֻҪҷϤұܹһ֮ǰеǼܹ꣬ȥ
ҹδ뽫ջʶȻصУصȷǱߣЩԪʿҲˡںͺɱҹδһɰ˺ҹδΧѩʵ
δ룬㷢𣿡
ûУأ
ҲûУѩҡͷ
ҹδֽĿԪʿһҡͷҹδҲûз֣оǳʧ䡣һа
ѵҪ֮;𣿡
ҹδֳ˼֮ɫλǰҾⷽûϣǺ嫵ǿδûСȷ֮Ҳȥǿա
ڻԪ۾һֳǵδ룬Ҫȷ̸ף
ʦ棬ЩʦӦܹӦѹ˰ɣ
ɣٶа꣬Ӧܹʦסѹ
ҹδչһЦڵʵܳ׽ȷġֻҪܹϵظϵѣѾȷ塣󣬼еʦ󣬵ʱÿʱÿ̶ڹȣӦÿֹѡ
ֵͷһ·
ȻЩԪʦ߳ˣǱ߾Ҫͷˡ


849 Ԫ
û⣡Ԫʹͷ
δ룬кδ㣿ѩҹδʵĻԪҲҹδ롣ȻҹδһϣǶҹδҲʮӡ
ҹδؿϵʦ壬ǺҲͬһƾõԪԲ򲻵ѵ£Ҳ֮·һһʱ䣬壬ԼͶϵ硣һﵽ磬ҲĴֶѹЧұǿգѰұʿϣһҵڵأض֪ͨλ˽
ȻǴҶȥǿգֳɸͬķѰң˻һЩ
ֵ˵òǺ㲻ͬԪࡣһöʮʱ俴ܷͶϵ磬ܹܹٵĻǻǻȥǿաУǾͳԸ֮;
˵ɿЦⶼ뻯Ǹ壬ܹͻƺϵƵġ
ҲοЦ˵Ǹ֮;ɹͶȣܷﵽϵ磬δ֪ûһס
ǾͼɣնɱȡͬʱͶȡǺ
˷׷׵ͷǣȻǺȡһʯͷݸҹδ
ҹѣǳƬ
ҹδɫûʲô仯Ҳûелӹǿʯͷ˵һ㣬Ӧ˹˵ǷҪҹδսԸѵȷ壬ҹδŵǿҵϣ֪ͨǡҲӦʲô˼ƾʲô֪ͨ㣿
ǣټҲ׷ȡһʯͷݸҹδ룬ҹδҲƽؽ˹ûелⷴǷģ˵ҹδ뽫һҵĵ֮أض֪ͨǡȻҵ˵֮أҲ֪ͨЩԪǸʱʲôͿԼʲôˡҹδͲˣΪѾǰˡ
δ룡ѩڻһҪ񣬱ͻƻԪͻ˻Ԫ壬壬ҲЧѡ
ҹδͷţסæɱȴɹٷţѰͻơ
ٴη˿УʼɱҹδҪɱռϣͬʱںͺɱУ塣
һ죬죬졭
ҹδоԼﵽһƿʵеĻԪʿﵽһƿôŬ޷ٶ򡣶ļͶȶ޷ͻƺϵˣڻԪֻһ
̾ϢһҲֻ취֮;ģͱ뽫ڣںϳΪԼһ֮֡;ģҪЩ壬ȴںϣǳˢԼ塣
ڻԪ׷׵ͷʵϴҶ·ҹδ֮ƴ÷ɱΪ˻㹻ϡǵΪֹûĸԪڳԣΪϰ
ڣԼܵס
᲻һˣ
Ϊ͵ʿ飿
ûãǻԪнԡ
ԴҶԥ壬壬˭Ҳ
оһʱɡֵڡ
˷׷׵ͷʵЩԪץ˲ٺȡһЩϣÿ϶оڴЩһЩ˽⣬ֻ̫ˣһֱûʲô
ҹδԼȳȥԪѰͻơԼľˣҲϵŰڻԪ֮ҹδ뿪򣬷ڡ
ص֮ҹδȥȸͶˡȻǿе֪˵ĵѾһĵƣѾͻƻԪĵ·ϡ
ҹδдϲȸͻƻԪ䣬Լǰǿˣǧ겻ᣬҲõˡԼרǿѰ¶ǵ֮ˡ
ҹδصԼĶʼԪ
ԪԲ壬ڵĻԪƣڻԪ϶ȷǳߣֻһʱ䣬֮УĻԪһ˿
׽һ˿ԻԪ򣬱ͬҵ˷ҹδ˳򲻶ϵ룬⣬ʼһ˿һ˿ı仯صһοʼĶۣʼʮϡǽŨ
仯ȻΪߵȸͶҡ
˲ҹδĶǰϸӦ϶ֳ˿ϲ֮ɫ֪ҹδٴͻ֮·ҹδ֮ʱֶһԪ̡֮
һֿ޵ĳ嶯뵽ҹδͻƻԪһ죬Ǵδ뵽֮졣Ȼ֪һᣬʵĻᣬΪ֮ǰѾ֤
ȸ´
ڷɽͬʱٻ˻ϵʿȻȸǳ뵽ž䣬Ȼ˶ҹδˣԼ˴صҹδضʮָˡԣ뿪ڣȫǰҵ˰ֵϣȻ֪ҹδ顣
ҲʮָˣɾУΪǸоҹδͻƹ̣˵Ӧûʲôȴͬȸž˴ȥž˵Ȼᣬȸ뿪ĻԪȻһУҲѯʹֵǰֵЦ
Ҳûʲôٵ˹עھͿˡǺܿ˽⵽ڷɽˣһΣб֪ӦҹδҪͻˡ
ĽʣȴΣҹδŵҵ֮أ֪ͨǡ˼ͻƴĸȴֻڡֻǾǺԽƺҡֺǺǵģΪԼĵž䣬ȻȥڣһضҲͻơþٵ̲סۡڶЩڣ۰Ըϳȥˡ
ȸž£˳ȥ˽ڣǹ⡣ǹΪҪһЩոͻ
ڵʿʼɿķţȻΧҹδĶһȦȦΧʼ򽥽۶ԽԽŨĵϡ
ڡ
ҹδǰڷһǳ

ǳѾȫָˣҲǳҹδ׵ؽ뵽˻Ԫ֮С
Ҫ֪ǳ֮ǰΪǳȫԼܲȫ˺ܶ࣬Ǽ˵ʱ򣬶ǳǳȫĵһӱԻԪ
һ¡
ϵĹѾûҹδ붴ɽͬϼڿɲˣϵĵӣ˻ϵʿѾǧֻܵϵʿû
ǿ۶ʿȴѾ١
ҹδһһѰŶԻԪһһĽҿԪɴԪһ˿˿չǰ򣬻۹ĵӵŨ
֮󣬱ʿʼͻˣʼȻΪ͵˻Ȼǵػ컨

ʼ۶ʿͻܵˣһ˶ɽٵһٶ۶ʿһͻܵ
ʣµЩ۶ʿҲ뿪ˣ鲻ܲҲˡҪȥԺҲһ£Ҳһ꣬Ҳʮ꣬е˾ͻ½½ͻƣҲеˣһҲˡǺʣһӶ˶ٶܵʿڰ˴ڵܵΣѾһ
еܵͻȻҲеܵЩ۶һûеõͻƣҪڽ
ȻͻƻͻƵԪ

ڡ
ϥҹδȻоƺһ£蹬飬Ϊһ֮ţʶȫͨʶڵĵԪڵĵԪ˳ͨ
ԭ˵Ԫ磬ʶڵĵԪҲֻܹͨǸʱҪ蹬תûγ֮ţͨͨǳխȴʮֿ˵֮ǰͨϪˮھǳӣֹʮ
һ̣ҹδΪͻԪ
һ̣ҹδҲһ򡣴ӻԪһصԪԲḶֻ́㡣һҲļͶȡһǲϵؼڵĵԪõԪϵԪ㣬ǻԪԲ硣
ҹδѾһ㣬ļͶȣͶѾﵽ˻ԪԲ磬˱ֻʣһ㣬ǱԪ
ɽٰɣ
ҹδȥɽˡûбչص˶ˣԶԶعۿҹδɽ١ûпʢˡûжɻԪٵˡΪҲûгһԪʿ
䡭
ƴ׽
ҹδվԭأû÷ҲûͷŷûгԵҩôӲԼžԵģΪ֪ԼڵıͶѾǻԪԲԪٸ˺Լ
ûҹδ룬ҹδ뵼Լκһ䣬Լÿһ䣬ͬʱϸϸӦԼ仯
ţ
б仯
ҹδϲԭΪԼѾǻԪԲ岻б仯ˡȴ˱仯ǲζԼźϵתˣ


850 ʵʱ
ϸһ۲죬ҹδʧˣûϵתֻǱøڻԪԲľ硣ԭҹδȻﵽ˻ԪԲľ磬ǾЩ鸡ʱ׽ڽ鸡ľ纻ʵ
䡭
һ׽ٽһ׽٣ÿһ׽֮Լʱʱ䣬ʱʱǻ׽ٵʱ򣬶Ҷɹ˼׽֮ҹδ뷢ּʱ仹ӳ׽ȴǿˡ
Χۿʿöɵˡ
ܵ׽٣һͰǸɻˣҹδ뾹ȻվȥȻû¡ž䣬Ȼǹ⿴ҲЩ
ǹѾǻһصʿﵽ˵ԪһأȻҲ˵Ԫһأžﵽ˵Ԫء
䡭
ҹδʮ֮ԼıҲû˿ˣѾﵽĻԪԲʱʮнһʱʱ䣬ҹδĥţܲҵ취ԼıͶȣţֻһ˿Ҳϵĵһ
ɽʶͶ뵽㡣
ʱķ㣬Ϊɱ̫ĺһĿռ䣬ŨϣֲѾ˷㣬һŶصζǱϡ
ڿռڻƮϣǻû뵽ڵơҹδĲҽƾôŽԼ壬룬ͻȻ뵽һ취ƻ飬ΪƵ̬Ӧý˰ɣ
ڣˢԼ壬ǲܹļͶȣ
ǣôܹƣ
԰ɣ
ʼͷŵķ󣬷ܶһƼкһӶ࣬Ҳû˿ı仯Ȼ
ҹδ̧ͷյĽƣ׽ٿǱԼǿٱ֪׽ǲǿԻƣ
Ӧðɡ
˵һƬƲܻ顣ֻǵһ˿ƣӦÿ԰ɡ
ҹδ׼ԣڴصȴŵʮĵ׽١оʮĵ׽پҪʱ򣬱˷Ȼͷųһ˿ơ
䡭
һ˿ƺҹδûҹδʱѾջʶԪ˫Ŀ͸һ˿ơ
һ˿̫΢Сˣ΢СĿֻҹδΪԪ˫Ŀ˲֪򱶣ܹһ˿ơһ˿ƣ񴹽ͬһٲһ㣬ͬһƬëһ㡣
桭ס
ʮĵɢ֮һ˿ƾȻû飬ʧȥ󣬾ȻҪƮߵơҹδпɱЩҲעЩƻɢ뵽УȻͿˡôҲҲҲ֪ռ䣬Ǵ͸ռ䣬ȥ˲֪ĵطշֽʧˡҹδЩʿ˰µʱ䣬ҲûҳЩȥ
ǵҲҪõԪסЩƣȴ޷ס谭ش͸Ԫʧ
û˸ҽڣҲû˸ҽʶҶץǽ޵ڣʶһһըˡ
˭ҳԣ
ҴƵΨһһ취ǷŽʦķڡҴҵķܹŵҲͬ
ĵȼԽܹͣŵԽ٣ҹδغĵʱȷЩҲֻܹǵķڣǳ٣ǷҲֻܹŲʮӵеơٶˣбơҹδ㣬ҲûдﵽͷԣЩʦնɱһ㽫ƵȻնɱһȷǣЩʦûһ˵ķںϡ
ҹδҲ˼վԼķȼ̫ߵԭԣڵҹδ뷢һ˿Ҫܣ̱ͷųһ˿ս˷ڡȻʶעһ˿ơ
ҹδ磬ҹδǷƿߣܹعۿһ˿ơоһһ˿Ȼû飬ѾһЩơ
䡭
׽ʱҹδֽһ˿ͷ˳ȥһһ֣ҹδɽٽֻ֮Ǻ˿ƣҹδս˷ڡŷںЩƵķĩһصԼĶ
Ҳ׷ҹδĶ⣬ҹδ빧ϲҹδʱϥڶڣϲʱԥսһᣬ˷Ƿ˵ϣҹδһ˱˷㡣
ϥڷڣһ΢СķĩԼ塣
䡭
ǼΪ΢Сһƽҹδڣ˲ͬһˮ뵽ȵ͹ڣҹδڵĵԪ
ҹδۿɼٶȺˣͬϺӣѪҺӺë̲סһѪ
̷ǳ̣ҲͲһϢʱ䣬ͺñ͹һˮľˣһҲʧˣҹδĹע£ƺǷֽˡ
ǳʧˡ
ⲻҪҪǣԼû
ҹδ֪Լ壬ȻüͷΪûи֪Լû˵ûɣƺеͬ˵˰ɣûҹδһ˵һƶٻǸһ˺ҹδڶһ˽⣬ɣԼһ˿ɵƣԼԻᱬȫܲסֻһĩΪԼıѾﵽԪԲļ£ųסҲһ㰵ˡˣܿͻȬ
ӺҹδȬһȻڵĵԪַˡһϢ֪֮Լ壬ˣһһسԡ
ʱڶ֮⣬˶һ˿
ҹδ붴ôˣȴûгѵɽˣ
һȾһһҹÿ˵϶ԵشŽˡĿⶼŶĴš
ڡ
ҹδӷڳдЦ⡣ʱѾĹЩƷĩıҲȷʵˡֻһ˿Ѿ㹻ˡֻһ˿Ĳ֪ͬȷʵʵ
Ǻϵı壡

³һ΢΢ҡҡͷڵǣβܹ顣Ԫٲź˿ƣԼЩơ
ȥЩԪʿǼʶ㣬Ҳа취
ҹδϴһ·߳˶
δ룬û¶ɣȸžһӾΧ˹
û£ֻЩλʦ壬磬㣬磬ɣ˾ɢ˰ɡ
˷׷ɢȥҹδ˽뵽ֱҹδȸ
ŵʵΣ
һ˵ȸˡ
δ룬ڿˡ˵Ԫԭλʦ壬ͻƻԪˡˣδ룬սΣܴܲùλʦ壿
˵һΡҹδڸոͻƻԪֵܹܰǣǼǰ󣬰ֵˣҲˡ
ҹδ룬ԼϸϣǻԪһسˣǻԪһˡû뵽ƵӲܹ壬ܹԪоԼʵ򲻹ֵǣֵҲ򲻹Լ
Ӧúʦǲɡ
̫ˣȸһĴȣ˵ͻƵԪأĶˣ
ҹδҡҡͷȷҾҽԪڣӦûҵĶˡ
ǻԪأ
ҹδĿһӦܹնɱԪ˰ɡ
̫ˣȸͶҶͨ졣
žȴ˼ԼһʲôΣ
ԼͻƻԪδΣ
Լսҹδδ룬һдһ£
ã
ҹδ붼û룬ʹӦⶼףȻһȻǹ⣬ҲȻӦҪҹδдһ¡ȸͶҲҹδдһ¡Ȼ˵
ˣڱĸԪжٻԪʮһһžռĸ֮ĵһ
Ȼ˵ԪֶԪټ˰˸ԪڵԪΣĿǰǶֻڡڵķ֮ǰѾ;ϵĵɣֻʣԪ˵ʵض
ɵˣҹδ۾һ
ȸҲ˷ܵĵͷҲ⼸ͻƣǴʱ䣬ҲΪεͻƣǶԻԪҲһЩ򡣡
ҹδϲͷȻ˼һµҲȥɽɡܹĽԼıͻƵԪ硣
ãֻͻƻԪʱ䡣δ룬ڶͻƻԪԽԽˡ
ҹδͷȵĳ֣ܻݵĲڣҲ壬Ҳܻݡ»һͻƻԪʢ嶼µĻԪ֡
˷׷׵ͷʵҲָоƺɽӭһʢ١
棡ȸ˵ԭ߸ͻ˵Ԫֻʣȴ߸ͻ˻оŸǣɱڵĶʮʮ١Σֻܹŵԭʮ߸ͻ˻ʣȴʮͻŵʿһԾʮŸһԾһܵжٶͻƵܵӵжٶʮ˸ܵҲŵһ
˵ŵʵѾָʢ֮ġ


851 ûлԪʱ
ˣôûͻƣ
ҹδͻȻʵϸžӪλӡҹδ뻹ǷǳõġȻ츳һ㣬ǾӪ㡣ڣҹδЩʿķǳʡġ
Ҳ֮ǰõҩѵܵءȻûͻƵȴҲܵԲˡԲǳʵҺ̸һΣолͻġȻңϺͶųеκһˣܹͻƻԪȻͻƵĹУĵϿ϶Զ㣬ҲӦܹһͻ
ҹδͷܵϵʿȥɽаɣ˵һѵõĴᡣ֮ǰҲвǿЩ˶ȥ塣ɽľƷǳƽȣʲô¡ʵҲû˸¡
ȸȴɫԥδ룬ҾûǵһˣҾ°ɡҪ֪ϲֻźͼ壬кܶɢޡµʿΪߵֻ۶һһɢޣجġ
ҹδоһ
ûиŵɢΪбģΪ棬Իա֪ˣһܵûУǾԻͻϮһڣ㹻ʮӵˡ
Ҳãҹδͷȥеʿõ˱ͻƣԻȥ
ֽһȥ˺ɽҹδκЩдһ
ǹΪʵֻлһءд֮£ҹδǹһжϣǹⲢ콾֮ˣҲǾӢһģܹ֮ߵһ󲿷ΪҹδṩԴټҹδͻƣĻԵȻҲŽŵĹڡ
ڵĹ֮ǳҹδоǹҪԾսѣͬҲڽӽϲĲΣϾҲһеĶ
ȻΪͬǵԪһء˵ʵҲ࣬ǹǿޡ֮Ϊϳǹ⣬һΪ˶һΪǴšһǵõҹδͻƵĻԵǹֻһΡ
ս棬Ҳࡣ󿪴ϣȻĪ⡣
ҹδǴž䣬ž츳ҪȻǿˣ֮壬ҹδ벻֪ĺͼռ䣬ҹδ뷢֣ȻֻǵԪأǾлԪصʵҲ˵սԼĲҲԺͷࡣãҪȷһϾֻǵԪأԲ
ȸͶҾˡ
˵ʵ˵츳ķǳǿҲǵ£ܹ˾磬ս;ʮַḻ˵ʵԶ
һдӽ֮ȸȥ֮ˣҾǰɽ򡣶žĸ˾סҹδĶ
ڣںȲ衣ҹδĵ磬ǸƳôˣ
žҡͷֲƣҵΪӣǸƳ浱ָˣǸƳѾˡ
˾ͺãҹδˣתͷ磬Ǹˣ
ҳɳ̫죬ûлΣüë
ҹδֳ֮ɫΪԭرԼͻƸĻԵΪͻͽ˭ұ֤һӲ£
һ欻ˣʲô¶ڣֱƣ
õİ취ǰ㣬欸Ū
ǿҡҡͷܹǸ欹ϵܸӡԼǸŸġҸ»ǳɱ欣ǲġ
ȻˣҹδҲöǺܾһΣ˴˱˸Ե
Ȼǵ˵ʱžüţѾͻƵԪأڣͷʦ֣ҾӦûҵĶˡδ룬ȥұضὫͶԪλˡҽΪڵںڱγ֮ơ
Ȼ΢΢üͷƽ̻в˱ƽ̵֮λҲһȡԣȥɽڣҲ׼ȽԼıԪһͻƻԪұ뿪صűչԼΪȽԼΪԪԲ˵
ҵĴͶһ
ǹɬûôõʣҲᾡԼΪ
δ룬ʲô㣿
ȥɽڿҲܿȥǿա
žͷҲڽҲȥǿա
˷׷׵ͷ
Ųɽڷȥﵽɽڣ˰Լʵĳͣҹδֱȷ塣
ȷ壬ʿںͺʱкܶʦΧȷ岼󡣿Ǹģаʱ䣬ܹϡʿҲͰ˹ȷóȫʱ;Ϊ
ҹδҲȷȥ̱ȷϵë˺ҹδ˹
䡭
һȭ׵غһҹδаԵͷԼıͶֻһ˿ϵζѾǿĻԪʿҲһ㡣֪ҹδѾͻƻԪҲͲġҹδԭܹԽսͻƻԪˣǿǺܺ
Ǿû뵽ҹδѾɹӵһ˿ϵ硣
ˡ
ҹδ˷ʼպɱҪƣȻڲã˭֪ʲôʱа취أ
ƻʱ֣˷׷Զ룬ǲЩʦҲˡȷҲȥֵĻԪʿҹδ˹
δ룬ͻƻԪˣ
ţҹδϲ̵صͷ
̫ˣֵһɣһֱѹڼϵĴɽһ˲ʧˡ鶼оһֱŵİΣΣһֱԼ֮ںȥδӡҹδɾͻԪˡ
ϲ
ϲҹѣ
һԪʿҹδأеɫʮָӡ
ҹδǵһͻƻԪʿҼҲ֪ҹδ벻ͨĻԪһӦһܹѹһʱĻԪ֪ҹδֻǸոͻƻԪҲֻǻԪһأûһ˵ԼܹùҹδġȵҹδͻƵԪڣڳˣҪҹδƽֶûлᡣ
ԶЩʿҲߵ̸ȻϢѸٵشҹδ붼ܹоΧԶĿ۶˵𡣲ʱҹδЩνЩԪʿĿġѾûбҪˣûʲôˣǰǿˡ
λѣһҪ˵
˵Ŀһܹҹδ˵ӦòС˵Ŀⶼ˹ҹδ뿪ڵ
ƴ壬Լı岽ϵӦһȷĵ·
ε֪Խ̲סȿڵ
ΪڵѾһ˿ϵ
ʲôˣǰֵѩ͸ˣ֪֪жΣգ
ûơ
ҹδ㽫˵һ飬ȻҪдҵǻۣǷܹҵһİ취
˵ɫǾϲΡ
ϲǣܹϵ硣
εǣûа취
ҹδ˵һɲǣǵԺоͳְ취ǲȥ飬Ǿ֪СԪٵܹܲƣ벻Լʲô취ܹлԪٵܡ
һ죬Ҷְ취յĽʧ
ҹδҲεһɱȵɣұǰǿաҲֻǿգлᡣ
ڻԪͷһȥǿյ뷨ֵҲֻвԪǾ԰ʮΪޡʮ󣬴ＯϣԶʲôԵҲۺһǿյǼͼȻλ㡣
ã˷׷׵ͷ˰Ǿ͸̣ѡһ򡣰ʮپۡ
ա
˿ʼɱ˳˰꣬ҹδڷڻ˴ơҲȫϡ֮Ѿ߱˸ŴȵЧЩԪֵЧҪáڻԪҲˣԻȥ֮£İУһ½½뿪˴½ǰǿա
½ӭûлԪʱ
ûлԪʱɽ粢û˥䣬һ콾ʼո¶ͷǡʱҹδѾǼпʼ;
ɰһεͼǰУһǰУһߺͲϵţ
ʲôʱָܹʢǸʱǵٶҲܹٱٶȣʲôʱܹҵĿĵأ
ٶȵȻãûٶҲûʲôˡؼĵطǣȷ˷Ҳߵķ˵ǸطۣԽԽԶءڵĿĲǷɵĿ죬ҵϤĵط
ǿˡҹδ̾Ϣһ


852 
Ҳһҵ̫ǼʣֻҪ·һȥĵطܹ̾ȷǸʱҪٶȡ⡣
ˣôǿǱͲֱɣ
ҹδϵԶһ£ʲôУԲСҺ˵ײؽǸطƣƶżҵʱһϸ˳Ҷױˡ
˻ҹδ뵹һȥǸط˵ʿҪץ㣿
ԣҺò˳
ô˵ʿˣ
ⲻǷϻ˵ʿץˡ
ʿ𣿡
٣ҲţȵȣȻҲ塣Ȼɢޡĺǿ󡣡
ǿ󣿡
ǵǡ
ǱΪͻƺϵƣ
һ¶һ¶һʱڣơƻᱻ¶ڻ˶ʿû˺
¶𣿡
ȻˣҾΪȥ¶׷ɱŲˡ
ֻһ취𣿡
ҲǣǸطͺǴ½ϵĲͬΪ߼ҲԼΪ̤˵ĺϵ쳣Զƿ졣һٶȣһڹٶȡ
ҹδ룬ɣȥĿռоһЩ

ҹδҹδ뵽ռ䣬ͬһ㣬ǿȥ
ڡ
ҹδ˷㣬ȥȻɱ̫ĺǺķռ̫ˡһżһ˷ʱѾ֣ЩƲںϵ㣬ںϽ뵽ķü̫࣬ҹδȻ֪ϵʲôӣоԼķӲӦѾﵽ˺ϵȥˣ
ǣԼ嶼סһ˿ƣôܿס
סҲˣϾǿռ䣬ռʱصİ壬ĿǰΪֹҹδҲûж򡣵ǣܹںϾˡķʦںϣΪʲôԼľܹںϣ
ضԼƷ̫ߣˣںƵĿռ䣬᲻ᷢ仯
ϸϸ۲ռ䣬һЩڿͬһſǳҹδϥϸӦԼӺüëһ
ռڵȷʵ˱仯ֱֻ仯ʮ΢Сֻϸܹ֪⻹Լķ˽оһ˿仯ҹδϳˣͬԼһ˿ϵһҲһ˿ֵɣֻǻûʵı仯Ҳȿռڵƶں֮󣬲Ż֪һЩ
ҹδһ
Ȼںƣ᲻Ҳ˱仯
ҹδȥϸ֪źķ֣ûб仯ӦǷĽҪơ
ҹδ׿˶Էоʼ˼Щơɣһʱڣڵƿ¾ͻᱻںˣһҲʣûܹװƵıҪЩƣͱһ֮ڡ
ǣʲô취أ
ҹδʶ뵽ʶʶϿյռ䡣
ռܹЩ꣬Ϊľ
ţ
ҹδһ뵽ռڣƬȥɫһ䣬ԭ޴ĺͱһСˮ̶ҹδǸСˮ̶ԣ۾һСˮ̶ŨĵԪϢҪҹδڵĵԪΪ˸״
ռҵΪҲˣ
Ƿܹƣ
ҪҪ԰
һռŪô죿
ҹδЩᣬϸϸ룬ռƺܹԼһġԼΪ͵ʱ򣬾ܹγҺԼǻԪǲܹϵƣ
һ£ҹδĲģΪԼδܹҵ˵Ǹط
һ£һռˣ֮ľԼʶԼˡ
ԣ
ռǴԼʶ˵ҲܹԼʶȥˣˣҲֻǱռ䣬Ҳá
ռ便ǲ
û飿
Ϊʲôһֱû֣
ԼռǱ߼ˣûû顣
ǡ
ԼҲܹغռȡϵռ䴫ҲܹԼ¡
ԣ
ҹδ뿪ʼ鴫
飬飬𣿡
ûлӦ
ҹδ룺飬飬ܴҵʶȳ𣿡
ˡ
黯һҹδʶڳƮҹδǰ棬Ǹǵģҹδϲ˵ܹӦģֻǲ֪Ϊʲôûǰ㡣
ǡ
ͻȻȻһԲԲĶҹδǰȻΧռת
ҹδڴؿ֪ʲô𣿡
ûв´ĻӦһ־
־ʲô
Ҳ֣һֻǣһǡǻϾǷǣ֮ǰһЩûκģʺסһǻǣֻ͵ȼͬûе־ǵ͵ǻǡᵮĵȼߣǻ֡һ־򣬱иߵ֣塣־ѵУ־Ĳࡣ
־ǻ𣿡
УȻҲǴɳģ˽⣬Щϵʿҵ־ȻԼ־ںһʵһӾͱ쳣ǿ󡣵ȴҲܵһǸܿ˥ܣǡ־ǸʿҲ
֪ں־ʿΪʲô쳣ǿ𣿡
Ϊʲô
Ϊܹȡ֮ȷһϵ򲻹ں־Խ֮ͺϵһսնɱϵ
ҹδһüͷӦд۰ɣ
ԣ۾ǳȡ֮ϵƬƬȡ̫࣬ǡ
ҹδҡҡͷǿķʽ׷ġ
׷Ҳ׷˰ǺЦ־ѰҵĻԵܹҵ롣
Ҳǣ֮ĸôôҵˣǲ˵˵˵
ν־İһ־ȻҪ飬飬ȻҪǴ߻ĳ
ҹδ룬Щס
ռ䲻һ
һص½Ӧýб׫飬ȥһõˣӦ顣
Σ
ҺͲһȼġҵҲһ㣬־˦˼Ǻӣ־İǳ֮ұȲˡ
ҹδ۾һ˵ܲƣ
ضһ£ܿܰԣϽԡģǳװķҡҲԽҵĿռ䣬ķ˺ң߷
ˣ
ҹδ𶯡֪ԷŽָǴָԲܷŽȴɴСܽܳ
̫ˣˣ𣿡
϶а
ΪʲôֳҲ˵
Ҳʱ򲻵ɣ
ʲô˼ڿΪͣԸң
ҲǣҲڳ˯黹֮УȻܹϵû
ûзеļ
ɣ
δ룬Ȳ˵Щȥ·ԣһܹЧа취ƣҲҪңһˣٶȿɿˡ
Ժ˵ȥ·ԡ
ã
ʧˣҹδּ˷Ȼ飬ǽȥòãͽ
Ȼͽռһͷ˷ҹδоһϲҲæ֮СڰлƣȻû۾ҹδĸоͺڴʲôҹδ뽫ĿϣԼĴоһ
ǵԼһεõʱԺϸʱϸƺøӹ䡣в뵽ѵҲɳˣ
γɳģ
¶ԼΪ
϶£Ӧòô졣»һãǾԲЧӦúҵΪйأҲ˵ҵĳɳֱӰ쵽ĳɳ
Ҳڷҡ
ศɡ
ԶΪҪǸҲһΪˡ
Ӧúҵ־ɣ
ҹδ˦˦ͷǸͷȻ鿪ڵ飬㿴ǸܹˣȻ𣿡


853 ع
ڰлε嶨ƺԥҹδбһɲˣæ˵
УǾˣ
ಣ
Ļ䣬ʧԭأһǰһӾͰǸƸˡҹδ󾪣һʶ뵽ռڡռڵİУһ˿ƺڰգûȫУͻҲֻܹڷ֮䡣ر
ҹδʼϲ̶ɫǡΪʱռ俪ʼ𶯵ԽԽң·һ̾Ҫռ佫Ƹ³ȥֺԼģֻнǵŰеһ˿ơ
һʱʱʱ
ҹδֳϲɫǸƱˣʼоռ𶯼һ˿㿴֮ϣɢһ˿˿塣
һ˿ҹδ̫ϤˣƵϢֻҹδʱҲûóȻǰǹ۲ţȻͷ֣ԶԶϵرֽȴһ뱻ˣֻһ롣
ʱҹδ벻ˣһ˿˿壬ռڳ뵽Լڡϥʼǳ
һУҹδȻϵļ⿪ʼŤΪһʹȴһϲ
ܹܵסҲԼ°ˣ˺Լ壬ֻ̫ʹˣﵽԼ彫Ҫܴٽ㡣ҹδҲ֪Խ״ԼΪԽкôǿʹԼиǴϲ
ȻǸڵԪϵԼдԼĵԪҹδǻԪһأҪΪͱ벻ϵԼڵԪҹδûа취֮ǰŸ࣬ӦĵϺɶҲûˣȫƾԼʱȥĥ
ҪˣԼøǧʱ䣬ԼΪԪԲΪԹҪôõʱ䣬Ҳá
û뵽

Ѿ˰ɣ
ǽʲô
֮
Ǿͽ֮ɡ
ҹδо֮ԼԪֱǧЧϲ²ѹ
֮齫һ˿ȫҹδһ֮ԼΪҲźܴҹδһ£ԼųƣԼӦܹ굽֮䣬ͻƵԪԲ⻹Ҫȥһ֮Ҫʱ䣬ѾҹδҪʱ䡣
ֻδعˣͨ÷ʼںЩƣʣµЩƹҲûаա뵽
ܷڵЩƹǿ϶ͻƺϵģҪĻҵ˵ǸƵĵطҪٶȡԡ
һ۷ڵƣջҪһֿ֡ʼһ˿ƣȻӷڳ

δ룡ڿռ
ܹ֮֮
ಣԲԲѾҹδǰģ
˵꣡
ŶŶ˵
֮ˣû˺Ҳﵽҵٽ㡣˵ӦЧû˺
ƣȥһ룬ʣµһ룬ƽְɡ
˳Ĭҹδо֣ʵôˣ
̾ϢһĻǷ̫ˡ
ҹδ㷭һۣôǰûпôƷ°͵͵¶ռҵıˡ
ǲһҡһµ¶ҵģûйףҶռһȫռƽֻ֣ҲƻǺĹϵ
͡ҹδЦ˵ôǣ¶ΪʲôҪһ𣿻ʿҪҸ㵱ڣ
Ҳҹ״¶ռһҲӦá
ҹδȴҲͷ˵ĵҲе
βͬЩƶ㲶׽ģƵҲģȴûгһȴָһ롣δ룬ǱǽġƶҷǳҪʮֿǾһ룬Щ󡣵ǡֲΪҲʧȥɣ
͡ҹδԼЦ㲻Ϊûʹ벻Ϊ
һ£ˣ㵱Ȼ룬֪жʿҡ

һͣȻҡεûУ
ҶˣҪ
ҡһʱʧ룬Щ˸Уԭ˼ҿԼҲǰ˼Ҷ־İ
ˣҹδ벻ͷذڰ֣ҲҪΪ˵ʵҲûа㵱ҵķôãҲѡ˵㣬飬ҲûŽˣռΪУҲһҳˡֻѡһǺҪҵ֮һǱô࣬ԺΧڣҾˡָˣٶȸһЩҵǸӵƵĵط
һкһ˿ǫǡͶлδˡ
Ǽ֮ãڼҲսҲֹ¶һȥƶһɶҹδ뷢֣ռƵʱ򣬿ռѾС˺ֳ֤ܶ࣬ɳˡҲָһʵڵٶѾҹδʮңԳҹδҪһԼɣµʱ䶼ҹδɡ
ҹδΪȴû̫࣬Ϊָ֮һ룬ΪҲֻǲ˻ԪڣԪءҹδ뼤ǣıͶȣѾﵽ˰벽ϵ
ûƣǾֻѰ¶ɱˡһʮȥˡ⼸ʮҵٵ¶Ҳ˺ܶ޵ǺˣҹδΪͻƵ˻Ԫأ˻ԪڡҪڴ½ȫܡȥƵǰЧļʮ꣬¶޲Żߵ˿졣
ʱҹδվһƬǿУɫЩʧ
ʹ½ϵĻԪԼʮپۡӦûȥˡֻûҵϤĵطһְˡҹδľԼƾõԪͻƻԪԼҲŽԪԼλȥǼһ档ȻԼ̤ǿգһβҵ˵ǸطԼͲȥˡ
ذɡ
嫵ǿУڴһҪ֮ǰٶȿ࣬ҵ¶ҲһݣѾָɣٶȸ졣ֻ˽ʮʱ䣬ѾԶԶؿҹδǿ
õ֪ͨҹδռڳսʶңԶֳһ˿˼
ʮǼʻع֮ãҵһЩ¶ɱһЩޡҪ˺ܶ࣬ΪҲֻ˻Ԫء
֪λʦûл
ȷ塭
ҹδһȷûѣһ޶Ƶĺõط
ˡ
ҹδЩ롣
͡
ҹδȥ㣬ֱڶȥವһڵɽǰԶܴ
Щٵľ󣬿ǸȷûѣҲûʲôıʣĿɽȥɽŽһʿһɷףʮ꣬˲ٵӡ
ʱɽŸʿҲҹδ룬ǶµӣȴûϳȴעΪҹδվҲֻĴⲻǾ
Ȼ󡭡
ǾͷҹδͻȻʧˣһǻһʿͷ˴Ѷ񽣣ϲ㱨ʱҹδѾ˺ɽʶһɨ֪ûˣʶչȻڶ塣һ̳Ķǰᴥơе۾ʶӳȻɫǿϲڶ⣬ҹδʩ
ˣ
ţȥ˵ɡ
˽붴ҹδ㱨֮£֪дƵĲʶһɨԼĴվ⡣㴫
ɣ
Ĵӽ֣߽ڣҹδ룬ɫ㾪ϲҹδʩ
ݼݼʦ
ҹδ֣ѾܵڵΪʦȴҲֻһأƹ˶ãӾҪʦˡЦһõӡ
ٺ١ԼӣҲ⡣ת֣ʲô¶
֣ϴЦݵеӻ㱨˵һŮվɽǰͻȻʧˡҲʦ
˵Ŀⲻҹδ롣ҹδ뺬Цͷҡ
ҲЦȥ֪ͨǲҪţعҲͨȫڡ
ǣ
֣ߺҹδʵʦ壬ʦ廹жʦأ
λʦҲͻ˻ԪȥǿաˣڵķҲͻƻԪȥǿա
ҹδԾһϲҲЩȻʱ󰡡˿ľͽʮȥˡ
ЩԪл𣿡
ûУ
ҹδһ˵ھԼʱ䣬Ѿˡǿеʱô׼ȷģ
ضһЩ
Ը°ɡ


854 ɽ
Ҵأ
ǵΪҲ֪ڶС
ŵѾ˵ˣ£ҷġ֮Ҫ㣡ҹδ룬Ҳ֪ƷӪǿҽŹĲ̸ЩʱѾʶţЩʿ̸յȻҲж岻õĻ˵ʿ廹ǽΪ𾴵ġ˵ȻЩ˽̰īǶԼпƵò
ǣܶණǴӸտʼطһ˽һҹδ뿪˵Ǽǧ꣬׼һ£
壬֪࣬ҲȷʵŹĲҲ֪Ϊʵµ֮ȨĸܸߣЩΪ˽ƫģҲЩ̰ī
ŵһӾվɫ԰ףҪ粵ȴҹδڰֹס
壬㵽˻ԪΣֻ֪ҪԪʿҪ֪ûʲôܹԪʿġ
ɫһͣɢҪ粵뷨ͬʱҲпɬ̾Ϣ
һҲ޷ﵽǸ硣ܹͻƻҲĿˡ˵ûǷһЩ𷣡
ҹδ̬ȣڰֵûôأֻǵ˽̰ԽԽŴǸʱ򣬾뱣㣬Ҳס
亹ˡæݵһϸҪԼǰĴ󣬲ٷ
ҹδͷúܻᲹ㡣ҲҲĵ̰īĶࡣ
۾һҹδ뿪ʼóһմָһЩԴҹδϵԴܶ࣬ɨ򣬻д磬˵ʵһϵԴѾ൱һڵԴЩԴľòˡǽ͵ȵһЩԴװһָݸ
ЩԴȻƷܵͣڶòˣˡԳ۳ȥȡʯĽ
ӹ˴ָʶ̽һȷʵҹδԣЩԴƷܵͣĺܴʯƷʯҲܹʮڣƷʯǾڡ
С̰īۻʯҲǧƷʯ´ϲ
л
УһҿԸһµʱ䣬һ£ʲô⾡ҡ
ҹδҪָһµʱ䣬ȣʮƷʯˡпϲذ£
л
ɡӭõģֱġ
֪ҹδصͷӼǵá
ͺãҹδͷ֮£Ѿܹˣ½Σ
ʱѾһлãȻȴǵͽʿţҲô˵Ҫһ֮ڣһ֮⡣
ʱ޿̲ڴĽɱУΣеûôǿˡҲûУΪȻûչȴҲûСԣǴĽɱӦúǸȵĸ¡ҲǴͻȻϰ˴Ľɱ¿ʼաԣӪв£Ǳźƽ˫ûдս
ǣɶ忪ţԪʿƶĹߣ򡣵⣬岻ù塣һڱţȻһЩף廹ǻԼԼ
ҹδףΪЩԪʿ뿪ʱ仹̣Ҳֻǲʮ꣬뿪˰˰꣬ƶĹδػҲûа취飬ΪȣҪȻҲҪδʱҲᱬսֻҪڣӦûڿɿصķΧڡ
ǣҲҪ屣ǿʢҪźһսʵضᱬս壬մﵽūĿġ
ԣսзѾΪһʥأرܵϵʿǳֻдﵽͻһĹؿŻѰͻơһڵսξͱȽϸˡ⣬ȴܵһʿ¡ĲαȽϵ͡
ʵķչΣ
֪ҹδ뵣ʲô㺬Цûб˦¡
ãҹܲˣһҪŵĵӣʱ̾壬ŬԼ
ǣ
ȥһŵ飬ҵĶָһ£ܷͻƻͿԼ컯ˡ
л
ҹδ뿪˶ҹδȥԼĶȥ֮¡
գؾҹδĶҹδ㿪ʼָΪҹδعŵϢͬһ㴫˳ȥÿһյϢʿʼŸϻأţʿȻ𣬾ЩԪʿعʱ䲻ˡҲʼԼŵĻԪʿع飬ҲԼĻع顣
ҹδ֮󣬷̫࣬뿪ãֻصҹδĶ
ڵʿ϶عˣܹ̳
ҹδ룬Լ´뿪ǻҲǧ֮󣬱ͷӦʡ
պҹδ뿪ʼһһ£֮ҹδ뿪ţ˲ɽڵ
վڴ֮⣬Ŵڲϵؽɱȷ壬ԵЩʧΪȵëûˡʮʱ䣬ɱɾˡˣҹδ޷ϻȡƣֱܹӴӴϻȡ
ԣ
ʱû˵ġȣ˺ȵķֺֺαˣ
ԣеʿǰ򣬱Ǳ˴ȴûٽУ뵱ҲԹù㶼ˡ
ҹδվ˴ǰĽɱŹɵģҹδվڴɱķ϶֮䣬һȭ˴ȡ
䡭
ҪǱɽ壬ҹδһȭܹˡҪ֪ҹδǻԪءȴһ¶ûСҹδּ˷룬۳һ޽עеŴȴ˹ȥ
䡭
ǴûʲôӦҹδЩΣ룬㽫ȡ˳ļӲ½ޡڵѾָɡ
һǹ
㻯һǹҹδ˫ųǹóԼ۷ڵ۷ǿѾﵽ˰벽ϵ
䡭
һǹ˴ϣԵһҹδȫĹע£һֻССƬ˳ҹδбһϲһץ㽫ƬץУȻ뵽ֽٻ뵽ڣ
飬𣿡
֮ǰҹδûʲôڴġһ˿ƣͲ𶯵ñһƣҪһ˿Ʋ֪˶ٱȫ޿ǣҲ˲ƣƷҲˣһƵʱ򣬼ûˡԣʱҹδŶڴ
յǰԵشһЩԥһֻСһᣬջһڽƸˡ
ҹδ̴ڴǰ顣ҵҹδӵ
һӺҹδ΢ġôã鶼ûбӦòˡοҪָһƵģ黹һԵʱѾ˷ˣһˣڴؿ顣
պ
Ʊһ֮ɣҹδͽʣµķһ֮ʣµЩ֮
һ֮ܶ࣬Ȼûҹδİ벽ϵı٣ǶĵԪȴżѵЧΪڽӽԪ۷塣
ҹδ۾룬ԼܹƵ黹治˵ñ֪ˣռһ鷳ˣԼҲֻܹЩԪûл֮ǰȲֻǶȡһЩơ
䡭
ҹδɵ˴ȵϷʼȣÿһ¶ԳһƣȻս˷ҿƷ÷ȥơ֮ѡϷΪ˱ⱻ˷֡ҼϷҹδҲûһطÿһΣͻỻһطȵĺȫĺڸǣһֱû˷
˹ȥһ꣬ѾһСѣͬһСꡣ

ҹδ벻֪ƣغֹȥ꣬ƿѾѳһССɽȻ䣬ҹδһолԪʿڿæͣ·Ʈ䡣ܹ֪ĻԪʿҲܹ֪ոڵ棬һԪѾ뵽󣬳ǰ
ҹѣ
ҹδҲֻѣˡз𣿡
ҡҡͷʮʱ̫ˣûз֡ҵһЩ¶ҲɱһЩޡѾǻԪԲ¶޶ҵǳޣҸϵأ
з֣


855 й
Һһҹδźҡͷʮʱ̫ˡΪҵΪͣ¶޶һõġ
ʱŷӦҹδȥǿյʱǸոͻƻԪã㿪ʵ
ʲôΪˣ
쵽Ԫ۷ˡ
һ˿𾪣̶̵İʮʱ䣬ҹδʹӸոͻƻԪھͻԪ۷ˡҹδߵ·ҵ˲¶뵱Ӧѹһʱ˺ϵӦǸϵ̫ȷҲ䡣ǱϾǸ磬δһϺϵľǰҹδ롣ˣҪùϵ¶Цݣֵ
ϲҹѣ
ҹδҡͷҲûʲôϲģϺϵվһա
ǰɫҲȻȻȷ壺ʲô仯𣿡
ûУʱȽ֣ѸաǸǶδ˵
ҹѣܹ𣿡
ҹδҡҡͷѿԡ
ã
һȭȷ壬ȷһ¶ûУҲҡҡͷһľɥ뿪˴ҹδ
ѣȥѰҴǣۡ
ãҲȥҵˡ
˷ֿҹδӳԼʶܿҵžǣž䣬ȻǹһҹδǷȥǵǰȥ
δ룡
磬㣬磬硣
ˣ
ž伸˵϶ֳ˷֮ɫʮʱ޿̲ڵҹδ룬Ͼǿգ˭Ҳұ֤ҹδ᲻⡣ҹδ룬ķž˵
û£ͷˡδ룬ǿпΣգ
ҹδԭҪ˵ЩɵǼ;ϵ飬ǵĵģһĻƺȥǿյ뷨˱㲻˵ˡĻһӡôΪǿպܰȫǿյʵǲΣաһǿշ˾裬£ɲҹδڵġ
磬ǿպΣա
ҹδûа󣬵ҲûаСΣգǿ֮渵žĸ˶ɫ
磬ڵΪΣ
Ѿﵽ˵ԪԲľ磬ұѾﵽ˻ԪءͻƻԪûаɣʮ꣬ұͻƻԪ
ҹδŴ磬Ȼ֪Ϊʲôͻͽ뵽׼Ǵٶ죬ʵҲǿɽ磬ţӦҲɣ
ڵһ֣⽫֮λҡȥǿա
ҹδ룬Լȿ޶ƣƺҲȥǿգｫ御ܵΪԪԲȥǿҲȫһЩ
Ҳһʱ䣬ҵ뷨ǴҲһЩʱ䣬ǵ仹Скܶʱ䡣
Ҫ£
ţȽΪԪԲ˵
˵Ҳǡžͷ˵ǿΣգΪһЩҲȫһЩ
ҹδͷȻĿ˶㣬Ȼ΢΢ҡͷҵΪʼˡҲֻǵԪ۷壬ҵı嵹Ǵﵽ˵ԪԲ⻹б˲ٵԴҹûʱ䣬ҲԪԲ硣
ǵŶǶ
Ȼ˶ͷҲʶȵΣգѸٸˡ˵ʵѾǵһţ֮˹ϵǵȻϣܹΪڻҲڵΪ磬ˣҲҵ
ͺãŶӣûΣգҹδҲأ
ڵΪͶһҶδҲһҲҪʱ䣬ܹԪԲŵĻҲܺá㲻õġ
أҹδǹ⡣
ǹֺǺǵҾͲˣڲһ۷塣ҵʾȻҲҲûǼбܶԴҪﵽԪԲڣܹͻƵԪѾܸˡ
ҹδڵıͶѾﵽ˻Ԫأ
Ȼڴﵽ˵ԪԲ
Ҳǡ
ǹ⣺Ԫһء
ǲɣ뿪ȥҵţҸǽ
۾һ˵ʵǱͶܿ죬ԶΪڵĵԪҲٶȺܿ죬ΨһľǶʮ꣬½ûлԪǵȻʮӣȴҲûа취лԪָҹδˣҴӦָǣ⻹ʲô
ߣھߡԼãʲôġžվһӡ˾뿪ڷȥ
صڣЩ˶סҹδĶÿ죬ҹδͻǽһΣмӣЩ˻Լ򣬻ҹδ뵱ǵǵΪʼˡ
ʱֹУúܿ졣žѾ̤˰벽ԪžĻ˵ʮ꣬ض̤Ԫҹδʱ䣬ʡʮʱ䡣ȻͻƵ˵Ԫ۷壬ʡʱ䡣ǹҲͻƵ˻ڡ
ҹδӣӦõ˻Ԫۻʱˡǻûмֵǻⲻʼû˼ָˡžҲоҹδЩĲɣ㲻ٴǡ
ҹδҪһЩԴž䣬ȻܾˡǵĻ˵ŶǷǳãǸȱԴȴǻԪʿָǹͲˡԣҹδ뻹һԴ͸ǹ⡣ǹҲûоܾϵǶûбҪ
žǣҹδŰֵǡ˹ȥһ࣬˻ˡȸҹδ룬˶ܸˣȻһʱʼлԪ½ˡ
ֱѾ˰ʮ֮ڣ˸ûлµ˶ˡ
ʱڵ´ڣʮѹ֡
Űֵѩȸ죬ҺҹδԪʿ
ûи
ȻθֻǻһЩҲŲõԤУǾǸˡ
ڵİֵͳѩҲĺأʣԪʮꡣҴҶûҵܹͻƺϵĵط
Ĭãֵڵȥɡ
ã
գ뿪ΧŴȵĴ֮⣬ûգһԪʿ½֡
ĻԪԶƺ͸һǿա
Ԫʵûʲô𡣵ߣ˸ʵ϶Ӱ첻Ϊڰʮǰ֪ǻҲûжʮûֻǰʮ˰ˡҪҹδ룬ȸͶĸ½ԪȻҲһԪǱڻǲһЩ
ĸԪҵ鶼ܲȻͻƻԪǻԪҲడ
ԪֻжʮԪµĴ£ƽ̣̣ڸһɽѾûлԪˡӴŵȥԺֻߴš˼ҲֻʮԪǱʮĸԪҲֻжʮ߸Ԫ
ؼûҵͻƺϵĵطͷǻҪǰǿաǿյΣգǶ֪ҹδҲܹˡһΣǿգЩҲûʲôġ
ԣʱҶǳĬ
죬ֵڵȰͼһ°ɣҲһֲͻƺϵ֮أҲԡ
һ¾񣬸óһ򣬵Ԫעһͼʮ߸໥ۿͼԱţţȻʼںͼγһͼͼΧޣϾֻǳȥ˰ʮ꣬ʵ̽ǿֻʮ꣬ʣµһʱءǣһǷˣҹδ̽ǿյľǶԶԶ˺ֹܶ࣬һǺ̲סʵ
ҹѣʲôΪˣ
Ԫء
˻Ǻ˾͵һҹδܹǰôԶҲͲˡ
ҹδ뻹ǵԪڵʱʵ൱ڻԪڡ˵ҹδԪԲʱ򣬱൱ڻԪԲ񶼻Ԫˡʵ֪Ǹ߶٣ܹٶҲͲˡ
Ӧˣ
ͣ΢΢̾Ϣһ
ˣǱʶУ㲻֮ؽҹδ뵱Ĺǣٿڵ
ҹѣʲô㣿
ҹδ뿴һ۰ֵͳѩɫֳһ˿Ȼ׼һʱ䡣
ڻԪһӾˣҹδ׼ŰֵͳѩԪաһ뵽ԼһֱҲͻƺϵ֮Ҳֵͳѩһ㣬ҲȻ
Ҳ°ɡںʱ̽ǿաԺ顣
ôһڣҲ׷׵ͷٵĻǧԪȣʮ治ʲô뿪˴½ҹδ˭İ


856 
ҲûȥǾ˰ʮ꣬ҲЩ򣬱㿪ʼһᡣνⷽ½ĽᣬĶǻԪʿһһ귽ŽÿԪʿоԼջ񲻷ƣҹδԼƺ֪һЩʲôȴǺҲû⣬ܶǿ󲻵á
ֵҵҹδδ룬ǽŽΣ
ҹδûƴǣֱӵͷֳֵ֮ɫȻЩ˹ֵ
λѣ¸ھдλ䣬ϣλѹ١
ϲ
ϲ

Ӷڷæжȹλ䲻һ򵥵飬ܷڶ˷֮С
ΪҹδõʿϿɣǼͻƾʿ棬ҹδ֮λ顣
ţ壬еλʿˡׯϲУҹδǳΪڵ
Ⲣûнڴλ֮ϯϣǺڽ֮λž䣬¸¾ٰ촫λ䡣
ˣֵһ£ɽٴγ
ڰֵͳѩԪ⣬ҹδҲûа취ǻʣ¼ҡ͸ˣǱ˸ܾˡǵԪǸûáҲûȥΪ֪ǽͻƵϵ硣Ҳ޷ӳԪȫλͻƣܹӳԪ
仰˵Ѿûκΰ취ڵ
ǰֵͳѩҲûţʮæµ·ҪԼ;鷢ӡǿʼԹţһٶŵķչõ˼١
ҹδ벢ûбչأǾŰֵͳѩҲȸͶ۵ȻҲռƿÿһſҪʱ䡣⼸ʱ䣬ҹδҵʱ䡣һƣݵرչأ֮
֮ûй¶һ˿һһΪǸ˰ֵͳѩһЩҲûáͻƺϵģһ漰顣͸˵ˡ
ǲȫŵġ
֮ҹδΪͻƵ÷ǳ졣ֻһʱ䣬ҹδΪʹﵽ˻ԪԲȻͣΪҪͻƺϵһҪͶȴﵽϵ磬ҹδ뻹о롣ڶ㣬ҹδ벻֪ǲ²ӦҪԪתԪ֮лġҪã֪ҪģҪϵǸǣһ½ĺ
ԣҹδɽʱͶϣг֮ԪǲϣԪת
ʱ£ţһȥʱ䣬ҹδڽļͶͻƵ˺ϵ硣ͻƵһɲǣоԼǿҪȻԪԲǿֹʮãֻƾԼı壬ܹӲɱԪʿˡ
ֲõӦǿնɱԪͬɱ
ǣڵĵԪǵԪûתԪȴ֮ǰ̫ࡣڶҹδѾͣˡ
һգҹδյһϢžͻƻԪˡھ䡣
ֳһԪȻ׷׶ѾԪΪ½ڶšҪ˵žţ꣬ȴںǰ
ʢϣҹδ֪ͻƵ˵ԪڣҲǵԪءҵƽҲ֮λˡڴ磬ͻٶȻҹδ벢֡ǵˣ϶ǳСˡԪʿָ㣬ΪǺ
Ȼ֮Զӣ϶ҹδԭڡҹδҲּɡ
ʱ䣬ǹȴֻ˻ԲûлԪʿָȱݡںǹ⽻̸£֪ĽڶǹҲʼˡ
ҹδָ㣬͸Դǹص֮Ϊͻͽ𿴻ŴӻԲʱܳǻ˵꣬ʮ궼һǧٶȡ
λýڵӣ
ڶŵĶţڶ⣬ҲǶûлԪΪߵҲǵԪҵԪҲûмҲֻԪˣǹѾǵԪ֮µǿˡ
ôڵĻԲм
Ҳ˵ǹ򲻹һԲʵҲŵŵ塣ټһڣʵ塣ҪǲӣžҲͲԶˡԣڶǹ⿪ʼˡֻʮӡΪŻһԲǹˡҲΪڽڳɳӴȺڻԣҲֻǽǹĸһûгԷ
ǹ˵ʵѾصעˡҪ֪֮ǰصעֻжһԶ˵ǹȥĸȻĸûһ֡ǿǹôһˣ׷ˣ֮࣬Ҳżʡ
ȻǸŽһΪͻƻԪžأֻһԲûʸڿǰϯϡ
ǰϯλȻĻԪʿ
Ҳû˺ܶࡣ彻紦˲ٵķУԴͨʵһ緢ڡҲûġ˫ȽϿƣҲ໥ۡҪȥС򲻽һʹĵطҲһԹĵط
ȻнԹĵطȻʱ򣬴ҾͻȽϿơһƬ
ϯλĴϮЩԪʿˡ
ٴβ۵ʿҲǶЩʿʱһǻԲʿǹȻҲһŵʿΪһ˽Ÿл⡣ҴһҲʶ㲻ʶҲжšյҡֻǶǹ֮ٽ̸
ԼǽڵʸƻǹΪ׷ˣҲ϶ԼΪԴ⣬ʣȻǹ˵ǹҲһˣ֮ǰŻͷŹ⣬ˡˣǹҲᶭ
ϯϵҲ˵Ĳͣû⡣ÿŶǾ飬УҲСֻÿжǹδضһ֪˭յʤߡ
˭յʤߣЩȻ˭ҲһԿϷͺãȥսӣ
ž俪ʼˣһľƣǹءʿҲΪȶˣҪȥϲ
ž䣬ֳĽ֮ɫΪԶˣûһ˿ʡֻŷĵ𾴡
Ԫʿһ֮
гĽתͷһˣҲˡ
ţ
ǹ⣬һ˿졣ΪǹȻҲ𾴣Ÿ˺ͽ
˺ͽƨ
ɽ綼֪ž䣬Ȼҹδ룬һʧ˺ܾõ۰ԣáȴûж֪ǹǵĹϵԣҲ֪
ˣˣ˵˷ܵ
æһɫվ𾴵߹ž䡣ž˹ڵΪ͵λھЩԪʿʱȻÿ˶һǳЩԪʿ֮⣬ûбҪˣҲû˸Ҫ󡣶žһһҲһһž侴ˡ
žվڶһǰ˾Ʊлλ٣ٴξһ


˷׷׾ٱڣǹֹϣҲйоصؾƣƺžΪǵһ֮žʾԼĵٸԼһȻߵǹǰʾӸǹҲȻ̧§ǹļЦ
ǹ⣬ҲԲˣһǳԪˡʲôҪæģܺʹ˵
ǹоһȣ֪žվ̨Ʊ
磬Ҿ㡣
ʲôģǸһ
˱һž仹Ҫƣǹļ򣬾ٲȥһٴ£ǹĿͲͬˡǶиһ˿ǡ
ǹԱߵһʿڵ֣
ǹ⣡
Ļû˵꣬һתͷȥɫһ䡣жһ˿塣
ƽ̣εԪԲȻⲻǾɣƽ̵ֶ̫죬㶼֪ʲôʱˡ
ǡںǹк
ôһֶι죬ʵǿþǴˣȻǹˣ
Ȼ۾ΪȻ߹Ȼ̧§ǹļҲ۾жһ¡ΪȻŮȥ§һӵļ򣬶Ǹоǹ̫ˣ˭֪ȻôһӴ᲻ᱻ¹ˣ
ǹ⣬һ¸ȥμҼδٺúúȡ
ǹҲֺǺǵغȻһȻ˵ͷתȥҶˡվԭأԵķǸʿ̲ס
֣죿


857 
ţ죬ǺǡǹֺǺǵͷΪܵ͵ʱ򣬾Сӣ֮
Сӣ˼Сӻбˣ
ǵȻˣһСôܾˣŶˣ
˳ĿȥЦе߹ǹ⣬аͻԲˣܿ׷ˡ
ǹһлԪʿָ㣬˵ھ׷ˡ
ʹɡһǹţҲ⣬һȥҵļλ䣬ٺúúȡ˵ʲôʱν
ǹεʲôʱܹôŵҲܵòŵɣ

ЦĿɨ˶ˣȻǹһ˼䣬תȥʱһ˵ͷ
ž䣬Ȼ˶ǹ֮ҹδأ
ҹδžǵã
ɫʮѿ˵ҹδǹʶǲʶž䣬ȻˣѹѾˡ
ҹˡͻȻԱһʿȻ̧ͷ㿴ҹδžƱ˹
磡
δ롣
ǹҲЩȻҹδЩò죬رǺһֱҹδ룬ҹδ뼸ȴ֪ҹδ뼸һվ̨вǼٵġ
磬һȥƽ̰ɡ
ǹһһº󣬾ȻλҹδԼǰȥҪʱָһԼȻ϶Ӧͷ
ã
Ķˣǹܹ뵽ģȻҲܹ뵽꣬ҹδѾ뿪ˡ
ҲǻԲӺ󣬽ؽľƽ֪ԼΪƻʿڽӵеƣѾҹδЩ˸ˡ˱ȵľΪˡȭ
ҶƻԲĻۣǹԱȲϣһ֮ǰͻƵԪ
Ǹʱҿǹ⻹ʲô֮λ
˺ܾãҲɢϯ̡֮Ȼ˲뿪ڣҲסϵˣջ뿪ϵˣڶ졣ǹصԼס³һھǱ˺ܶƣҲʿ򶼱ٻˡϴ裬ȴ⴫ת򿪷ţɫһ

ǽԪԲнЦǹ⣬ҽȥ
ԴǹΪͻͽ֮нʼעǹ⣬ǹ̬ȲȴûнͰǹⶼЩܳæÿӣ
룡
뵽䣬ǹæ裬н֮ǹʮֹػһ̶ӣнֳһ˿Ť֮ɫ
ǹ⣬ҹϵܺã
ţ֮ǹûʲô˵ġ
нбֳڴ֮ɫǹ⣬Ҳ֪ڵԪԲܾˡǽһֱûлԪ֣ǽȱԴҲǽû츳ϼѵʿֻȱٻԪʿָ㣬ǽȱⷽľ顣ܷҹָһ
ȻҹʲôֻҪܹģض
ǹɫЩԥϵ⣬治֪ǷʡǹɫԥнҲһ̾ΪԪʿܹȱʲô
رҹδѾԪԲʿȱٵӦͻƺϵĻԵԴ
Ҳûа
ʷϣҲûȥ˴ڣǰ˴ڵĻԪôָǣ
ͻƻԪǶһţǶһܹϷԴţ
ҲǹҹδĹϵҪƣҲôһ˿Ļᡣ
ǹ⡭
ǹҿȥδ˵δǷӦҲ֪
нͷ֪ܹȥ˵ѾΪˡҹǷӦҶס顣
ǹͷнڴվԵȣȥδ롣
нɫһϲȻԥ᲻̫
û£ʿֲ˯
Ǻã㡣
ǹҹδסҹδ룬˵ĹϵҲǲ䣬ֱ˵Լ⣬ҽн˵Ļԭⲻ˵ҹδ
ҹδֻ֪꣬ԼָнĻֻҪǹͻƵԪ϶ΪڵڽһΪţ¹ϷԴҹδ벢⣬ҪоŻֳɳͷ
ȥһǰŰɡ
лδ롣
нǹķ߶
һŵԪԲʿʱ޿̶ٲȻʱȴһƬ꣬ڵػص߶ļͷӡ
жöûйˣʱҲƽԼľȴ޷ƽһ룬ҹδͬˣԼǲǾͻƻԪϣ
һ룬ҹδ벻ͬأ
ҹδ뾿᲻ͬأ
ԺӦζԴǹ⣿
ҹδûдӦǹⶼ飬ζԴǹ⣿
ǹ⣬
Ȼͣס˽Ųּص£ϵıáʱǹ˽ǹüǵϲɫнвһҲ̲סʵ
ôûзԼһ˿
ǹЦδӦˣ֮ǰδң뿪ں󣬱ֱӸȥƽ̣ȻڲμȻļλֱ֮ӸȥҹδҲһȥ
̫ˣϲѶ̼Ҳ̲סнڵһվڵ߶飬ͣǹǰɫϵ
ǹ⣬ɵˣվҪʵͬǽڣʼûлԪʿ֣ۺʵǿҲʼֻǶšǻҲΪһԪͿȥڡ
ȷ˵ɽڣԶŵʱ򣬲ɽڵʵΪԶĴڣԶ߹ǽڡԶһɽڵʵͲǽڡǽںͲɽڿսܵıضǲɽڡ
ʵΪ
ͶڶǻԲڶŵļ̳ߣýڵܷ𣿡
ǹҡͷ֪ǰˣԸöֻǿߡҲ˵𿴶ʿڽѾ˼ǧꡣӪֻҪԼΪЩûжá
ڵʿô⣡
нԣⷽ޷㡣ܰĵطԴָ档ָⷽ棬ҹδ롣ʣֻܹԴ֪㲻ȱԴЩʯҹδİɣ
ţǹɴͷ֪ڸ߲Ѿʼעһ޷ûгȥ̫񣬵ȴ˴ĵͽԴȡ߽Դ飬ֻҪнһ£֪ҹδ룬ž伸͸ġ
ҹδҲֻһЩͽԴ㲻ȱʯʯȥľҪԴЩЩԴʯܹ򵽵ġֲΪЩʧϵȥ鷳ҹδ룬԰ɣ
ŶǣǹҲˣҲҹδṩԴȻڷʱǹҹδĹϵǣǹҹδıڣҹδΪṩеԴǣҹδ뻹Ҫ
ҹδ飬Լ˸磬ȻҲҹδ뵱ãҹδΣգԺԥظԼȥҹδ롣ǣҲһֱҹδɡ
ԺֻҪи㲻ԴҡУҪʥرǽڣھͻһǧŻ֣ʱȥڣùˣʱҡ
лǹûƴǣӮõġ
нǹļ뿪ˡ
պҹδ룬ǹнȻһǰƽ̡ǼҲûסƽ̰ŵĿͷڣֱסȻĶ
ƽҲżҹδ۵ʣʱ䣬ҹδָȻнǹ⡣
ҹδָȻǹʱнһԿšҹδõܻͻƵԪĴտʼʱг𾪡
ûָ˵ķҹδָ㣬㽫ݻ˳
ôܣ
ôһ㣿
ѵǻԪʿľֶΣ
ʵϣǻԪʿҲֶΣҹδ֮һ㣬ΪĻԪʿΪһҲֻзֶΣܹ÷ݻ
ֶнĽѣָ㣬ǹֻҪͻƲ˻ҪˡҲһҲãöͻƵԪЩΣѡǹͻƵԪɽ֮λǹˡ
нڵʱҹδҲûбȻŵǿ鷽񲻿нȥ룬ǿ鷽Ͼҹδ봴ġҲܹܵĸнڡĴѾԪʿǿ̫࣬ͲһġһȻ÷ȫݻͻƻԪĴǸһ򣬻ûġ


858 ̤ǿ
Ȼ˼λ֮һȥ˵ȻǶסĶҹδڵֶһ
ֻⲻµʱ䣬ноԼͨԪ磬ƿɴһǡΪֹҹδҲ֪ԼڵҲ͵ˡʣʱ䣬ҪǰȥԼˡҹδģֻҪԴȱԼָⷬ㣬ǹӦͻƵԪӦڣͻԪԲҲӦˡнͲ˵ˡ
ԼǸˣܷͻƻԪҪԼԣ߻Ե
ļλҹδ˸ǣɢȥҹδûлţȻǱ뵽򣬽뵽֮Уʼȣһռʮꡣؽȵȥһ㣬ѾսһСɽƿ
һ£ֵͳѩԪʣ¼ˡҹδȻصš
ȥ˰ֵͳѩѾӣ˵ľ״̬ǳãÿһͷһ̫̫Ҳˣʮһֱڿ̳Ϊŷͣʣô꣬Ҳͳ׷֣㣬壬ʱں߷¡
ҹδˣ˺ܸˡҹδ߶߶ǽʱľҹδҲЦеһҲˣԼһˣԼүү̡
һ££¹ȥ֮ҹδ뵹ҲϰûҲȥشÿͷ̫̫ͷ̫̫Ϊҹδˣ£ءһ̫̫ģֻһͷģֲˡҹδҲæһ˼ھ
˹ȥֵ꣬ˡӦһԪľĻԪʿڲҲٰ˺񡣵ûйȥһ꣬ѩҲˡھ˵ڶ½նЩѹ֡
֮ǰڵŶлϲڲͬˣԪʿ䣬ЩԪʿҲовȻǵԪͬٵҲжǧ꣬ǧ꣬ӵеԪһЩǶΪʿʼҲͻƺϵķ򣬼ǧͬ׾Թ϶һ˲ѡ
ѩ֮ЩԪʿû뿪ڵ´ڣҶ֪ǣҹδڴ½İֵͳѩ䣬Ǹ̽ǿյʱˡжһǱǾ̽ǿգҶȥڴ½һԪ˴˶ŷһ㣬ҪٴȷڶǴٴȷԵ·ߣжûپۡ
ڵһ㣬ܿ͵õЩԪʿȷڶҲܿȷ֮ǰȥǿյģȻٴΰϴε·̽žûȥǿյģȥһûȥ·ߡȷعʱ䡣һǧʱ䡣Ҳ˵Ҳ߰ʮʱȥ̽ǿգʣµһʱ䣬ظϡʵ̽ʱӳΪ̽ʱ򣬱ضĳЩطͣķʱ䣬ظϵʱ̶̡٣ǻÿӦžŰ̽ʱ䡣
ȷһУ˱׷뿪ȥŸŵˣȷ֮ǰǿա
ڡ
ҹδ㣬СɽһƿûȴһֱռЩת֮һ뱻ռգڵռøǿ󣬷ֽƵٶȸ졣ʣµһ룬ǸɵĽǣڲѾָԭ۷״̬һһ˿ˣҹδ̽ǿյٶȱἫ졣Ҫ̽ľ룬ҲֻҪꡣ

ǿˣҲֻҪ»ĸ¡
ʣµķ֮һ֮ռ䶼֮ǰǸˮ̶Ǹˮ̶ѾҲǸ״ĵԪˮһ峺֮Һ
ҹδûʱ䣬ŵ鰲˼һ㽫廽Ҳͻ˻ȻֻǻһأҲǻԪõӳ֮½ҹδġһʱ뿪ҹδſ顣
һֱоԼֻΪ鲻òѹơſ飬ǸϮͷ
ܿ죬¾͹ȥˣһڻԪѾۼһҪһ뿪½ǿաȴһˡ
ҹδ룡
˲΢ҹδ˰ɣ
Ȼǵȵȸֻȸһˣûҹδ룬ͶҶûûеȵЩԪڣȸֵ
Ǹˣλѣδûгء
չˣһ㡣
ȸεͷδӦûչأȻ֪ôͻƶˡ
˵ɫű仯ǺЦǺ£δܹͨαչأԺϵҲڴġ
϶ֳһ˿˷ܡǺֵǲǾȥڵȺ򣡡
ȸȻʾӭ˱ٴڣһȱһ꣬ҲżǺԣҹδͻƣǲܽȫڣҲ˵һЩǿϵȣҲԸȡ
ҹδڳˣҲ֪ԼΪͻȻĸʱ䣬˹ֱʾǸ⣬ȴ⣬ҹδʲô
δ룬ǶԺϵ򣿡
ҹδҡҡͷǣλʦ棬ÿ춼żΪƽӡλʦ潲λʦֲֻˣλʦ֮󣬱ȻһЩЩںϵûʲôֱӵĹϵҲû˿ⷽǶҵľȴż
ٸӰɣδǿ̽УûκΣգҲûκޣֻ¼ŵǼСʵǶʿľϵһ顣Ǽ޵ĻǾû᲻ľ
ĬȻɸ缸꣬ĻġޣһսֱĹ¼š
ľҪֵʱһЩҲ
ҹδĻĽҹδ˵ΪľʶǼУһ˵ΣգҲǼеΣգԼľӦýʦʦʦоһܹǼеķۡҲһΣǵĺ㲻ҪһУһȺ˳Ǽ̽

Ӧˣ
ֲòƳǰǿյʱ䣬˰ʱ䣬һ֯ˡߴڷֱƿء

ߴڣɽѾ˶š˻ƷߵʦʦʦоǼеķۡһж棬ҹδһ̤ǿա
̤ǿգҹδռ䣬һεͼȫٷСռ⼸ʮռڻ̫֮Щ֮ԼģûһġȻռֽЩȻԼһ֣ռڵǸ֮ˮڡǲϵسȡ֮
ͨܣҲƲͻƺϵ
һ뽫ļͶϵͣһڵĵԪתΪԪ飬Ѿɣı徳Ѿﵽ˺ϵһء
ڶǽڵĵԪתԪҲѾȷǾǲϵܹ֮֮ϵشڵĵԪؽԪ£ɼ·ʱ䣬תԪҪãҹδͲ֪ˡϾڴڵĻ֮ĻֻܹԼ洢֮
ϵˡ
ǰһƲ⣬ҹδûϵҲûнڵĵԪתԪֻǰѱͶϵĻʲôô
ôԶ׼ġ
ȵһǱͷǿһĹ˺ˡǹȣ˺һڶǴʱ͵սҹδ뽫о޴ơȷ˵ҹδ;սΪȻǻԪԲڳԶУҲҹδƲ󡣵һսҹδһȭܹٵñеıͷŵٶȣܶΪǿˣܵĵҲǿˡ
ǣһжûʵҹδǻԪܣȡҲǻԪˮ׼ڻԪƾ޴󣬵һĺϵƾȥһ
ҹδĵԪҲתԪأ
Ȼͷŵٶȸ죬ܸǿΪԪȡҲ͸ףٶҲ͸졣ҲΪԪȡܻ࣬Ҳ͸ǿûʵı仯ΪȡܵĲǻԪĲΣǺϵĲΡԣͶҲãڵĵԪҲգֻͻƺϵĻ֮߱󣬱Ҫϵҹδ֪ҪϵһطǸطźϵεĿǰĻûСԣܹıͶȺŬԪתԪֻתһ˿ǿתԺࡣ¿ͷѡ


859 
һºҹδͣü˼
ڵĵԪûдﵽޣڱ֮ҹδ벻żһ⣬֮ƺûг֮ԭ򣬱Լı廹ǿ󡣲ȫ֮ȥڵĵԪԼ
֣֮ڱͶȵʼˡԴı˺ϵһ֮֮ڱһֱٶ֪ԼһǷܹϵԲ⻹֮ߵ֮£֮ùأ
ҹδ˼Ƭ̣˾뵽㣬ڰ飬ڵ
飬ܽǿ֮ǰǼת֮ǰһֳ̣ĩЩĩ𣿵ȻֻҪҵһݣתĩµת֮ȥ֡
ռƺһ˿˿ֲ͸˷ܿ죬ͳڷ㣬ҹδ
δ룬Ҵ˼ҲֱܹЩƷĩ
ҹδıļͶȣȻܷġļӲȿ϶ԶԼԼҪԣ϶û⡣͸ûˣ֮ǰֻչԼˡ
ҹδ뿪ʼֱշĩˣշĩ֮ͬһˮ뵽֮ڣҹδѾﵽ˺ϵһأûдﵽıٽ㡣ıڵĵԪЧһӷ˼ʮ
ֹȥ£ҹδıͶڴﵽһԲڵĵԪҲڵһ˿ԪȻһ˿Ԫ͵Ԫֻ֮һȷʵһϵĿˡ
ҹδ뱻ѣ߳ǿ֮УĿĹˣϴǿյյ㣬ǰߣһƬİһҹδʮ꣬ȴֻ³ͷɼٶж졣
δ룬Ҫֱǰ𣿡ʵ
ҹδ΢΢üͷ˵ʵҲ֪ĸߡ˼Ƭ̵
ǿУľǿˡ뷨ȥɡֻҪͼƳ
ã
ҹδصռ䣬ֽ뵽ڣʼЩƷĩ
ҹδʱ䣬Щڲϵؼ١
ҹδıͻƵ˺ϵأڵĵԪתԪﵽǧ֮һ
ʮҹδıͻƵ˺ϵأڵĵԪתԪﵽ˰֮һ
ʮҹδıͻƵϵأڵĵԪתԪﵽʮ֮һ
һʮҹδıͻƵϵأڵĵԪתԪﵽ֮һ
ҹδ˹Ϊûпˡֽˡҹδû̴ӷڳ˼
ٶȱˣԼõǿĩٶҲڴ󲽵ĵ䣬Ժӻ
ԼǷֱܹأ
ҡҡͷûƿԸԼ飬ռ䣬˿һ֮ҹδû֮Լ̫һռڡȻûȴҲһУҹδ׵Ľʶ˳ȥ
ͿʲôĶһģߣٶ̫ˡ

ţδ룬ˣ
ٶȣȥ
Ŷã
ٶȣҹδ֮ϣϥϣһߴһʵ
Ϥĵط𣿡
ûУ
ͼ¼𣿡
ţҰ£ģ
;ʲôΣ𣿡
һޣôǣҵٶȣ׷ҡ
ҵ¶𣿡
ҵ٣Ҵڿռڡ
ûгԣ
¶ڶҼѾûʲôˡΪ˻ָڵѾ˵ҡ
ҹδȡǸװ¶ƿӣһӵǶװɡ
Ǹƿʧˣֳܿˣҹδץסƿӣʶһɨ
룡
治٣
붼ȥһٶˣŪôЩ¶Ҳ֡ƿĴһȻ
÷ô죬ٶȾͿԡҪҵǸԪĵطٶȿܹҵġ
УҷٶȣҲͻޡ
Ǿʹ£ҹδЩԾԾԣҪǿУǷܹ򡣡
ã
ҹδϥ֮ϣǿգļǳǿպӦس֮С
¼ŵǿУʱȥꡣûҵǸƵĵطҹδǳȴѾﵽ˼£ԾǣԭΪԼڻԪѾﵽԲµľ磬ȴû뵽⼸еԼܹڻԪﵽķΧ֮ڡһָоԼڻԪΣûдﵽµľ硣
Ϊλˣ
ǰΪʲôԼһִﵽ˻ԪԲĸо
ǸʱԼĸоǾǵģԼǻԪԲΪʲôԼĸоֱأ
ĿĹˣΧǿգ
þˣ
ǰԼڵɽ磬ôҲô࣬ǸУԼĸоûдȴǴﵽԲ硣Լں嫵ǿգˣԪεķΧҲˡ
Ҳ
ԼҲǸȥĵطԼܹﵽĻԪԲҲܹظ֪ϵɣ
ҹδмһڵǣǳƺԼ˼£ԼûаˡⲢ⣬ǳ̥ǳǳɵҲԼЩǳٶԼ
ǡ
ҹδǿգֳŵЦݡûǳԼԹǿգԼ򡣽ǳ
ֿʼˣһʮȥҹδü֮䷺ƣҹδڻԪﵽѾˣϣҪķǳѣһûйȫƾԼ¡ʮʱ䣬Ҳֻܳһ㡣
ʮ꣬ҲޣҲɵûдҹδ򡣵ǣڳҹδ룬Щ˷ܣ
δ룬쿴
ҹδ۾ܣȻһҷۣͣٶȼ죬ȻԼԶҹδľ磬ɿ
ۣʿҹδҲ˷һ䱸ΪǸ۸ı˹켣ж
ҹδûӣòʿȻҪһ£ƾԼǿѰң֪ʱܹҵĿĵءϵʿҲ֪Ǹطܹȥһ½һ£ҹδҲԸ⡣
ҹδͣΪһҹδϣҹδĿǸۣӦԵ׼
ǸͣҹδԼǧԶҹδۡ۲Сֻǲ֪ݻжܹװˣ
ֶʲôΪ
ҹδ룬ʱҲЩšٶȣַһ㡣
Ƿ۵ĲŴ򿪣ʮʿҹδ˫Ŀ΢΢һ£Ȼ֪ЩʿʲôΪȴܹ֪ʮʿǳǿ
ʿҲҹδ룬ܹһǿУ˲򵥣Ӧúǿ
ʮͣ˷۲ǰֻʿҹδ˹ھҹδԼʮͣ´ҹδ룬Ŀϵϣһ˿̰
ôƺߵһʿڵ
ҹδ룬λγƺ
Ǹʿڵ֪ҵ֣ҪһЩʵſԡ
ҹδ¶һ˿ЦݣҪ֤ҵʵ
дһΣ
ҹδǵЦ󣺡ͲһСıҴˣ
ʱҹδʮǿƣԷʮˣԼֻһˣǿƣߡȻǸʿɫһ㣬û뵽ԷǿƣһŭԼȻǺϵǱȴҲﵽ˺ϵһأһһ˿Ԫ
һоʹң
ѺܰԵǸʿ۾˸˼ţԷһոǿյĳһĺϿͣһ֣
ҹδķӦȴǴԤϣ˵ˣһӣ˹
һ̣ҹδǰԪˣҪľٶȡԲȡԷûзӦҹδӰѾ˸ǰһֻȭͷͺ˹֮䣬ǸʿԹֻܹ˫۽棬ǰ
䡭ꡭ
Ǹʿֱӱҹδһȭ壬Ѫǿ䡣
˵ʮڲſڵˣվڲԶһͻƺϵһ˿ԪʿûзӦԼͬͱ壬ҹδѾ˹һηԶݣͬʱȵ
ѣл˵
˵ƨҹδٶȲ˭֪˭ûŴңͣ
䡭
ҹδ빥ˣԷζ׼Ҳչ˷ҲֻУ㱻ҹδ뵱նɱǰʮʿ͵ͷ꣬æϲţһţ
ߣߣ
ͻȻһ𣺡


860 Ź
ھһȻһǿһ㣬ӲŤתӣ˺棬ҹδȵںһϣЦؿǡ˲š죬һʿΡΡعֵ
λǰ
ҹδڰ֣Ȼָһȥ˵Ĵָû
ŶŶվȻǸˡǸʾʻ۵˴򿪲ţǸżس˳ȥܿͷ˻ָݸҹδ롣ҹδ鿴ָڵĶ˶ʵʵվ
ǸаԴԼ֮һˡҹδЦеָȻĿɨ˵
𷴿ģһһװҵķȻ⡣Ҫ֪˭ѣʲôֻˡûѣһǡ
һкҹδ㽫Щ˶˷㡣֮ԽǷ㣬Ϊҹδķܹ㣬㶼һǹ򣬵ڶħ磬磬Ĳҷ磬㶼֪ôݣֻз㣬Ųй¶Լܡ
Щ֮󣬱˶ʮСռ䣬ܹʣ¶ʮˣ˴˸ҹδ㿪ʼЩˡЩ˿ҹδĺʻģͰΪߵʿˡʱ޲ýԼ껹򴲵鶼˵
ҹδҲżͣţһ£ۺһ£ϲá
ЩʿһˮǵǸϺҹδڵ࣬ҲǻԪߣ޷ͻƺϵֻ˼Ǹϱ֮ǰͿʼ̽ǿգջ˼ײҵһط˵Źǣ߲߲˵кϵʿ֮ˮǱ㿪ʼǰŹ
տʼʱȥĶǻԪʿЩ˵˾Ź֮󣬶ھŹǱ˽ˡǲ֪ŹΪʲôĸߣȴ˽⵽ŹġҲǾŹǿ
ȥЩŹǾ񣬻ŴߡЩ߶ҹδûкϵҲǾǿѰңԵɺ£ҵʱ޵ţҵŹǵʿԽԽࡣγ
һǱһ
֮˵Ǳǿ󣬶ұǿ١ұƶһھŹҲԼŹǵĸţ߼塣ǲھŹǽ򣬷һһ
ھŹǵʷϣ֪жʿţкܶʿϣŹǿƵˡȻŹҲСǾŹȴǾĺܴ󡣵з֣ضš
ԣʿʵھŹϵĴãȴɻԴԴϵǰŹǣΪǵ;ǻԪʿҲʼ½ǰǰʮˣҹδʿǰŹġ
ЩˣҲһֱһԵģҹδʵ˵˵Ǹط𣿡
ţӦǣ
ҹδӷڳۣЩп˼ҷ־Ź磬ַܹˡ
һӣʶ̽롣ԼһӺҹδѧ˾ŹϵԡȻЩʿӷڷų˷ȻҿԴȥŹǣɣҲ˺ǡǣҵսƷûɣ
ûУû⣡Ǹʿҡͷ
ʿգԪڵΪҹδֵ
;̽οۡ
һҹδѾȫ˽⣬ڴͼҹδ㿪ʼоǸͼ׼ԼյͼӽȥȻƶһȫǼ·ߡͼϿдԼʮܹ꣬Źˡ
о˼죬ʱоһ·ߡ۲Ҳûа취ʮûжƷ۵ġԣŹЩģܹ
󲻹ģ˵ɡ
ҹδһʱ䣬Լ˾Ź֮ʱԼ͹ȥꡣͼӾŹظϣͲҪ˰ˣۣиܹصԼһʮͿˡȥ˾ŹǣɻгɳĻᡣһɳˣٶȻ졣Լ¶ʱ䣬ԼھŹǶ߰ꡣ
߰꣬ҹδڶ
Ҳ߰ٶ꣬˰ꡣȴľ硣ԣԱʿ˵Ҳ߰Ƕ̶̵һ˲Ƕҹδ˵ȴܹ¡ԣھŹǣδ߰Ҳڴ
·;ϵİʮЩˣ۵ٶȻ죬Ҳ죬ˣҹδҲڷǿմվ̫ˡ֮ǰΪ֪ŹɵԼ֪ĶˣȻ˷ʱ䡣ͲҲˡ
룬ЩʿǵȻЩ˵ЩʿĹǳҹδ벻ٵںϹУʮʱˡ
һա
ܹҹδյҹǰˡ
ҹδǾһվϴǰȥ㿴һ޴ǰҪԼǸģҹδһ̣̱һȥҪȥĵطҹδȻὫ͵Ŀĵءǲǽ
һԶľ룬Щ˸ȥȻ·һºҹδͣ˷ۣս˷Ȼ˵ϡ
֮ͣΪڷڣкܶˡľ飬϶Ҫһʲôʢ֮࣬ߴͽ׻֮ģ򲻿ܾۼôˡ˾Ǹʿ֮شԼʮ֮⣬ȻǸȥ
ʮľ˵ҲƬʱ䡣ѵʯ˸
ھٰһ͵Ľ׻ᣬ׻ŻٰһΡ־ŹǱţ׺ھٰġ
ҹδȻȤȻһ˽ĺõطִͽ׻У׽ύһЩѣһЩϢҲͨ׻ύ׵Ķ˽Ĵš
ǣҹδҲʮֽΪ֪ÿִͽ׻ᣬֺܶ飬͵٣ɱ˶ᱦȵȡϾ˭֪ģǿڴġ
׺ھͽڲԶɽУͽ׻Ҳڲ׺ڵĹϽΧ֮ڡĽ״ڲ׺ڵš
ҹδһջţֱջġΪ֪Ŀջ϶󣬵ȴʵۣῴǼۡ˼ҾǸǮԸססЩСջǼ۸ʱģ²˵Լһˣοֲȱʯ
ҹδԭѾˣʿĴָԴԭԴ֮ˡ
ҹδ߽ջֱҪһֺϷʯȥÿջֱ̬˺üȡ
Сȥ͸ܵˡ
ϴ˸裬һ·ҹδ߳ȥʼڽ׳ڹûһĿģߵĶĶʲôԴԼʲôͬ
һߣҲһ߹۲ΧʿּǶСҲˣҸϲãҽĻһ뽻׵Ķ˭ģ
µĶˣҹδо׻ʮˡҲӵʵǲ׺̫ˡҲЩʿּۻۣ֮䷢֣вʿǰѰĳܹԼͻƵı
·Ͽ˺ܶԴ󲿷ҹδ붼ֻһЩƷҪĺáһЩûмģҲѯʹеԾŹǣеʿġ
·һ̣˼ϤףԼٵǸеļʿҹδ뵭Ȼ˹ȥǼʿҲûзҹδ롣ҹδҲЩ裬ǸʿھŹǷչû
ҹδҲںǿԼΣ
ԼĿǰȻһԷһ˺ܶʿʵҲǿԼ򲻹ܣû˵ٶܹȵɣ
ף
ҹδ벻֪һڣĶ֣Ȼν
νĵǺǳһȼҲܹıһӣܹˮԴٱ磬һƬۣܹ֮⡣
һ޴ʯϣʯ忴Ǵһͱģźۼƺǽۣ˵̲Ž
ʼ۸񣬸ߵס
ҹδ۽һ֪Ǽٵġ
ı˹ҹδ뿴ҲֵõġǼٵģǾƭˡڵҲķУƾҶ֪Щ˻϶ƭӣȴ˺ܶࡣ
Ϊʲô
ΪЩûпı˼©ˡ
֣Կϵϵùһ©ˣҲϵù
ʱҹδһڹۿš
ٵģٵģǼٵġ
ѣһҹδתͷȥԭǵҡҴʱѾû˱ˣ
£ҹδ뵭ʵ


861 ϵ
ѣҪʲô˵һҲûаڳĶЦǺǵ
ҹδıԪııС
ǵҾָڵĶЩıﰡ
ҹδͿЦҵƤҹδ붼ˣһӣû˿ڨڨⶼģҺ˵
ҹδֱתߣûʮоһ˹תͷȥһʿҹδ뿴ʶ
ѣкϵܹ壬ҪҪ
ϵ
ҹδһֵҩû˵װԼ֪
ôҵȿ
ڿǸʿѾ˹ݹһҪ򣬵ʱһ֪ͨͨ㡣
ҹδ˲ͷӦϵ϶ʼӹǸʿҹδҲ͵ͷȺʧ
ҹδһ߼ţһ˼ţϵǸʲôӦöЧֿ·ҪҪ
ҹδҡҡͷ·ˣҪȥ˵ʲô鷳
УҹδȲᡣʱٿȥȥôĽ׻ᣬȺúù˵
һ죬ҹδûгһΡ磬ܹЧĶѾˡصջϢһڶ䡣
ոչһʱû۵Ķȴǰ洫أҹδǱߴ˹ȥ
СܣͨܺΧ۳ܵЩˣ˽⵱صϰף˵ܹӳܵݺΧ۵˽⵽ҪϢ
ֵ˻治٣㡣ҹδû漷վ棬ȥ
ܿ˽ˡ
ԭ˿һ˵һܹĵǵȻŹᣬķǼ۸ߵáԣʿھء
ͺñڿᣬǶ˼Χء
ҹδ뵹ǶǸܸȤǸӦеЧ򲻻ʿۣǰʿļ
֣ھʲô
˵һ衣
һ裿ҹδ뾪ȵŴͣ۱𣿡
ʿؿҹδһۣ衣
裿ʲô裿
ǵˣʿ⣺ƽʱžһͨ裬ǵˮ֮󣬾ͻֳش
ҹδ뻹Ǻˣʶ˳ȥ̣̽㿴һ裬ʱעˮڿȥͲһˣ·һ磬תⶼҹδһ£ʶȥǸ裬˻תߡ
ƨĵ裬һܹͷŻþ衣Ʒܸߡ軹һռ䱦˿ԽȥӦܹͨþʿҹδ˵߶㲻ϡڻԪԲľͷԲľ磬ʱŪһ
⽻״ᣬǵƭӰ
˵
ҹδＤһ£ԼʱܹƵĶԼǲҪ׬һʣ
ԼĶ治ǻþܹһ˿档ϾԼľǷ񣬸ǲǳ뵽ĶЩ
ȹ˵ɡһ״Ҫꡣ
ҹδֿʼ䣬һܳܳ¶췻Уֽһ߶̵Ľֵ̽ȥҲǳʵûȤĶ
룡
ҹδ߽һ̣һ˶ûУֻһֺһĲˡҹδǲ˵ЦݣڵĴϱ
ѣԵطˣҺ˵ıɶˣֻҪ뵽ģﶼС
ҹδǱ鴤һ£ͷѾʶɨһ£ûʲôöҲ̵֣ĵصܺðôһطˡȻ
ⲻ
ֵһ߲С¥ʱС¥߲ٴһߺȾƣһ߸·ұߵһ˵ģұߵһ˵ģ
ƺǸֺҵЩȤҲȻؿ˽̵ҹδ롣
ʦ壬㿴ŮûУ
ӵøĸģλʦؿһۣǻ֪𣿡
͡Цһʦ̫СˣҲûʲôһ¶ˣ
˵ˣҵݵλΪȥɧһ£˵ɧء
ɡֽ׻ᣬԻǵǲˡ
ϵɫΪȻʦ壬ҳھŹкܶǲˣǸŮӵ䣬û˭ǲİɣ
֮Աǣǵ𣿡
ɫһ䣬ʿǵ𣿡
ɫЩڨڨЩ˶Ǿ콾㲻ΪǸŮҲǾ콾ɣ
λʦ嵹˼һ£İǾŹǵıʿ϶Ǿ콾Ϊľ콾ǶʶǾ콾ôӦԱ򣬶һӦŹǲá
°֪ͣĸ򡣡
ѵ˺ΣգΪûиšɱ㣬뿪ŹǣҲ
ڰ֣Ҳ̸ֻһ£ʦ岻صġ
˵ͷ츳ϼѣǰԶ󣬲ҪǷǡ
ƲƲʦ壬Ҵͬɱһûаܹء
ʦ廹Ҫڣ㼱æҾҪèЦ

ڣСӻؽӴҹδ룺λôƺҽΰҶֻһߺȲ裬һ߿
ҹδҲûпʵϣŽǰоĿԼо衣ҪԼûѣҲûеˣͲᱻϡԵ޹ʵĽɱԣ׼ڶයһʱ䡣
ϣֻһߣΪҹδ뵽ϲ裬ҹδһڣͷ費ҽҹδ롣
ֻ˫ֵҹѣûпеıָø㿴㲻öﶯ죬Ҹȡ
ˣҹδڰ֣ҾЪЪţûʲô
ôûУֻˣһץһӣûУ飬ܹʿش
ҹδ뷭һۣҵɵأҲҽ飿˻黹ࡣ
ٺ١ֻЦǸȷʵܹҲܹ˻ֻһҪڣҹδڰ֣
ˣľܹһܵͱױˡ˵һãȻôõһط㲻
ֻеĶǲܹҵǲ׺ϣ͹⽻׻ġ治Ǯ
ҹδҡҡͷ˵ˡ
ҹʦ㣡ֺֻõĽ˹˴ĴָϿ϶кöóʦҸ¡Ҿͳһɣв
ҹδ뵭ؿֻٺЦһɶ飬ױвıһЩ˹˵ҵЩ˳ȥˡ
ҹδĶռЩã
ҲðɣֻЩΪ͵ʱҵҵģʦʦҵģҲԼżȻõġⲻΰһεĽ׻ᣬòϵЩˣһϸɵӣܷһʲơ
ղžͰҵɵӰɣ
ʦ㣬أᣬԲᡣʦ㣬
ҹδһ㣬ӼһȭͷССɽģĿʯֻæ
㣬ʯĺòϡҲܹԪʿ˻Ȼʿ
ҹδҲһ֣бһǿʯϵҹδԪԲΪϷľ磬Ҳֻһеʱ䣬ջ˷ǸʯӸֻ
ӵѣҹѣٵҹʦ㣬ʦ㣬нķϣ͸ɡ
ֻʱСɽʯ۾ð̹⣬СɽĿʯϣ֪˻ֻģҹδжϳΪӦǻǳڣڣԲԲΪҹδʯͷϿƵĵƣǿԶԻڶиġ
ֵֻظʯͷ̧ͷ㣬͸ң
𣿡ҹδ뵭˵
ֻһ㣬ҲӦ˹Լ󣬵Ƿ˼ҹδ˲ӵʱһ˼˵ֵ顣
ˣˣ
ֻ䶯һ£ϵɫȣ㣬ԵܵаԼš
Ǿ£ûиõĲ裬һݣӦþֵֻεĲɣ
УУϾ͸㻻
ֻѸٶظҹδ뻻һ裬Ըҹδ뵹ϣ
㣬Լţҵ̻û֮أ
ҹδ뱻ˣƵ껹Ҫ֮
⡭֮ǰ϶Ƶ꣬˽ıǾͲƵꡣ
аɣ


862 ˽
ҹδԭҲҪ̽һЩϢһץһһӣڱϿ˵ƣȻӸֻֻæסһͺٺЦ
ܵҽ϶š
һֱûпŰ
ٺ١㣬ĸŰ
ҹδ뷭һۣȻ˵ŹϵĻҲҵĿ
ٺ٣ˡ㣬ǸŹǰɣʿֻҪھŹǴһӣǿǶ֪ȰѿĹ㣬а
ҹδ֪ԼĿֻҲոսŹǣһʱҲܹĹñ
ⲻǸŹû𣿶ҶԾŹҲ̫˽⣬˵˵
УǾŹĴţǲ׺ھ֮һŷֱǣڣزںͰڡĸţһŹˡŹ˹Źϵһ顭
ֻؽţҹδҲʱһ䡣һһʱڼ仹żʿҹδǸӱȥˣһ˳ȥ˼ֵֻùǺҹδ뽲ľ͸ϸˡ󻹶ҹδ
㣬Ҫǲ׺£ڣ϶û⡣
ҹδڰ֣ʾԼûȤֻ㣬ķɶھŹ˺ЩУ㲻ţҲǲϵԲǷǳѡ
ҹδȡ
ǰ㲻֪
Ͱѽ㵱һӰɣ˵˵
Ҳûɶ˵ģϵԲ֮󣬾ͻܵż̶ڷʲôطû֪㣬Һ˵֪жҪŹϵţŹųġͶԵ
֪ллˡûʲôȤ
㣬ǲǶԾŹϵе⣿
ûʲô⣬ŹǴѹʿǱȻġңҲˡûʲôϡġ
ֻץץԴǡôоԾŹûаη壿
η壿ǺǡŹû£ֻѰҺϵûңһơңǻˡĴţǸʲôŹˡҪ˵ҾһɢޡһɢȻᱻŷɢһǿɢأ
⡭
ֻɫˣһǿɢޣǾجΡĴţҲԸɢޡһֻ
㣬ܵȰһҪһЩΪŹһҪĳˣضȫԸǺɢޣŹ鷳Źĵϸ֪ͼǰչɱ
͡ҹδ𶯣ŹϵӿݰǱȴ֮ԱǣǸһɢޣھһǼɢޣν
ֻһֶţҲ֪ǰλ绨ĽһˣؼԷΪʵһʱ֮䵹ǲ֪˵ʲôˡ˵ҹδ뵹̸Ũ
˵ֻûˣŹɱú˵ʱ򣿡
ôûУֻЦܹǼ˵ˣĸǺˣʱҲ˰߸ɱˣҲΧˣҲݺݵɱ˼ǼЩԪмͻƵϵͱǸɱˡȥ򣬽ǵռˣڶǵء
ɱġҲ֪ҲıһЩԣ֮ǰôųˣƶһЩ򣬵ȻЩˣǺ̵ܿġѾ֮ǰࡣЩˣҲˡҳŵһʿΥЩЩͬˣҪһΧˡˣŹǲŻƽҲ˵ƽɣû֮ǰɱôҡ
ҹδбһۣǳź˽⣺⣿˾ûǱ
ȻеġֻЦھŹһ֯ǳ֮ΪˣǱû֪ǵܲĶЩ޶еСԴУɱˣȻ˵ľѪƺϵ
ҹδоһϵԭôʵϵʲô
Щץ˾ŹԭȻʿľѪƳĵҩһϵʿƳĵҩͽϵʿ֮󣬿ǿѪͱͶȣȻʿһܵĵҩҲֻܹܵʿáǽܵǿ嵤Ϊϵ죬ԶаĵҩͳΪϵ

ҹδ룬Ƚ£˼šԼһɢޣ϶ҪԼֲý֯
ֻЩˣҪҪŵӪɣֻдˣ߼Ǹˣ
ȻˡֻҪǲţµĲܡ
žУ
ţ
ҲУ
У
ǽһأ
Ǿ͸ӭˡŹǾͻӭʿԴͨ
Ҫ뽨һУҪʲô
Ҫǲ׺ڷΧڽһУҰ㣬ͼˡ
ô򵥷
ҵҵ͹
Ҳǣɶš
ٺ١
ֻЦҲҹδ룬顣˼Ҹ̵ĵֵ顣Ҳϵҹδ뾿ʲôΪֵֵúҹδ뽻
㣬ǲҪȶҸŪסٸŪ棿
ӦʱҸոյŹǣĴءˣ㷽˵ŹһܹĶ࣬ǵĶࣿ
һꣿ㣬߻ħˣ

ҹδ֮û˿͵ѾˣҪߵôһطҪʱڴ򿪾棬͵ͲܡԣЩ첻ߡ˵ֻҲΪҹδЩɵҹδ̸ֹԷ㡣
һ㣬ҹδΪӦúܸߣ򲻻ôţһ˴Ǽ˵ضǻԪ磬ǻԪؾͲ֪ˡ
ϵ
ǲܣ
ո˵Բܺϵǲ߱ͻƺϵʸ
ڶ㣬ҹδضһĺ޹˼ɵˡ
ԣҹδЦҲ⡣Ҫ֪ǾŹĴڵɶ˺ô˵ԣ
Ҳҹδȸ̵ĵȻҲûʲôһ̵ˣύˣǾͷˡЦе
ǧңһɡǱʿˣҼУֻйһ
Ϊʲôҹδ벻ʵ
ǵʿȱϵĹ㣬ǱߵҲֻǵԪɣ
⵹ǣҹδͷǸǷˣǲ˹
Ǹˡ
ˣ
ţһ塣
ҹδͲһ岻ͬҪ廹ǲҪֻҪϾѪͿˡǴֻе֪壬ҲֻһҼϾŹǣҲǧҲһ˵ǾŹҲֻһ㡣
˵ҹδһƬǿգһ㡣һ㡣½绮һµĻҲǸƷ棬Ʒ档
岻
ȻҲû̫жԡҲ˵ܾúܾûбģսˡʵҲЩʿЩʿŹǴѹʹŹǵ崦һּˣǶ״̬
ˣҹδͷȻˡ
㣬𣿡ֻҹδ͵ſʵ
ɡ
ҹδͷҲصذڰ֣αʧȺУ뿪ãӴȡǸ̽ʶһͼһλϵǸʿ͹ġҹһ۽ס
ҹδ룬ջǾȥѾˣϵľ˵ˣӴһ£
صԼĿջϥʼҪߵ
ţ
ǿԡ
Ź֮Ȼռֽ֮ŨǺھŹǵ֮ԴԴϣռ䣬ûƣҲû֮Ҫ֪֮£ܹһءһӶܡ
ֲǧһġ
ҹδſʶȻؾͿڿռơûеôܼЩϡɡЩƣҹδ˼
ŹߵʿҲֱԪʵҲ֮һ¶Ϳֱơֻ¶ҲʱЧԣһƷҳ¶ĵطŹǴƿأҹδ֣޷õͻȻһ¶֮أҿԶȥһǵȾŹĴռҲûҹδЩ˵Ļᡣ
¶ŹߵʿҲûƵİ취
ûУҹδа
Źûа취ƽ飬ռԣҹδͿƵķĩˡ
ʱеǡ


863 
ȷԼҹδ㽫·£ʼǷܹͨϵĴš
ʱȥҹδü֮Щᡣ
ȷʵҪԼǿƷ˺ܶ࣬Լʱڣһ˿˿ںϵĸ򣬵ҲûŨȥҲ˵Ҫϵףѡ
Ҳûа취ѾˣԼᶼС
ԼȥֻģûЧʽ
ҹδվʰһԼıòһ£ߣ˶񣬴򿪴ʧڴǰ
ҹϡʵڲһҹеĺҹδΪϡºڷûʲô
ҹδҹĿĲǺϵǺϵ͸Ҳԡ˵ľѪӦĿľҪӴһˡ
Ҳ֪ϵضгҲضгԼã˲á
ҹδҹб㿴Ǹưܵĵۣʶ˽ȥѾ˰˸ˣ࣬ߣźۡҹδҲûԥΪηѾ١
ҹδ߽˵ۣǰ˸˵ĿͻϣڵĿһɨߵһǽλĬȻվ

ưܵĴ©磬ǵžŸˣʱȴֻзš
ʵϣŸ˶ĬĬع۲ű˴ˣ²ű˴˵Ϊ硣
ҹδȻԼΪҲûض١ŵǼʷ۵ʱǸϵʿΪ磬Ϊ͵ҲǻǱϱŹġ㽫ԼΪѹڻ硣
ʿսѿΪģǵҹδΪֻҪԷΪͨϢٻܹ²ġ
֪һ£΢ģΪĸ֪£ǰ˸ʿǻԼΪѹڻûˡ
ȻЩҲܿڰϻҹδһΪܸߣѹڻ硣
ʱ򣬴Լǰ˸Ҳ֪ҹδΪǻŵյôһ˿
ѹ֣죬վ˳ܲסѹֿڵ
ô
û˵ҹδһıߵλǺϵûиã
һĬҹδĿⶼһЩܹʳ仰֤ҹδһʲô֪ˡ
죬һֵܴ𣺡ûЩģӰľ
ǡҹδֳһ˿ңӰͻƣ
͡Ц˵ĺ㲻ԺϵܹͻƵġ
˿ڵôˣܹܵԼͻżϣںϵۣǼˡ
ΪʲôҹδӻңֻҪϵ
͡Цѵ㲻֪ϵ˺ϵҪˣ
ҹδˣ˵һʿֶΡҪٿڣӿյŸ˶̱ͣȻһʿ˽ǸʿĴûʲôͬҲǴߣͷֻ֮󣬺εɢԼܣڻԪܣʱѹȵõڵ˺Ϊֹ֮ͣܲѡ
ҹδȻҲԼֳѹƵģ΢΢ͷһҿԷģ
ȴû˿־壬֪ԷΪҲǻԪһأԼû˿в
ǸԪĿһɨڵľŸˣȻȡ˾ŸƿžŸһӣҹδ˱ֽסû˴򿪣Ƕ̧ͷĿǸԪʱǸԪѾ
ǶѾ²⵽ˣȻǽԺ˵ˡˣǾͿӵð۹ϵĻᣬкܶร
˵˵ǰ˸ʿҹδ붼Ķˡ
ʿԼǵʷĹҲֻеԪģûкϵģ˾ŹǣҲûֱϵ;ҹδԼûйӵſԪһû
ԣҹδЩʿڹЩԪʿǿͨԼԼĺôף
ҲûһɹģҲᵽĿǰΪֹûһʿͨϵĹھŹǵĴ֮Уʵ֡
ҹδ뵽ûŸ޹ͨϵĹԼͿԽǳĺ࣬ôܲĶ
Ķһ˲֮󣬱侲
ֱͨϵĹ
ôͲأ
Уôû˵ʿأ
ԭҹδ뷨ŪһźϵʲôȻź˵˽Ӵһ£ȴû뵽һ͸ǷŴУ˵˹Ҳ
ǸԪһʿ˵̬ȣΪɵ¼ˣ˲̾ǣҲӦɡ
˶ĬȻɽĿеƿз˻ɺͲ
еƿװһŶǳˣǾһˡ
˱һɧǻԪһҲȵ°Ż
ģֻҪÿһŽҩͲᷢȷֵΣ㳹׽ⶾǱҪֶΣǼȻҪûаɣ
ҹδľһҪԼ飬ò׵سΪʲôܹԼﲻУźϵ磬˭֪ⶾǿʲôز
ԣŶǼܳԡȻԷóˣԼԭԸҪƽغͶԷԽӴǲˡԼҲܳԶҲͲҪˡ
飡
ҹδ׵س˳ȥֻ˲䣬͵ǸԪǰǸԪɣʵ׼֡Ϊÿεʱ򣬶ǶԷΪʱ򣬲ûвԶҪƴߣɱˡԣ֣⡣ǣֳֵٶ̫ˡ
ûзӦҹδȭͷͺϣҹδҲֻʹϵһصıԷһԪһأԼһȭͰѶԷˡ
䡭
ǸԪһؾͱ˳ȥӴŵ˳ȥѾܵش廹ڰУڱѪд󺧣ܵؾԼܵ˾Ź˵ķߡǣҹδӰѾ׷˹̽һץһʽпռ㽫Ȼ㽫ս˷
ǰ˸˴ӵڳʱ澲һƬﻹҹδǸԪӰӣ
ಡ
˸ʿˣŰ˸ȥҲֻ˲䣬ʧҹ֮С
ಡ
һӰ˴˷ڣֳҹδӰϵĶߵȡָòʶ뵽һ㣬ǸԪʿʱڱҹδ׼֮ǰһʱ䡣ǸԪȻˣһڱʹ࣬ʱҲˣջʶ
ʱǸԪ׵ĺŬƽԼľҹδ벢ûĴָȡ˵ҩˡ˵ٶȣȴ׸ɵ˺ʹʹܲסں
λǰץ̸̸Σ
ҹδǸ㡣Ļʱ
ϥſʶʶ㿴ڿռеƣҹδ뿪ʼ׽ƣͽ㡣һֱ׽賿׽ʮƣͣʼָԼĵʶ

ҹδٴγڽ׻ϣ׻᳡ܴ֮ǰֻǹ˺Сһ֣ʼ̽µ򣬲ڹ˴֮ȥֻϢϢҲྣ˱ԼҪ˽öһЩҹľ˶˼ɵͽ䱸
ֻ̣ˣֻҹδ룬˵ػ
㣬ˡ
æҹδһ䣬ȥԱߵ£Լ˲裬һߺȲ裬һߵšԼӺֻˣȥֺǺǵ˹Լһ裬Ȼ
㣬ٸҵһ¡
ҹδ뷭һۣôˣһԼһΪ֮˿ͣʲôء
ҹδûӦҲûҪһ£׬ˣҲʧЦǺǵ
㣬Һҵ˵ˣҵ⼸̫æȹ죬Ҵȥҵ㣬ʲôΪһ¡
Ԫ
Ҳ¾ǣҲ־͵̳ҵҲǻԪȹ죬һҵ㡣
ɣҹδ뵭˵˵˵ˡ
˽Ҳ࣬áɱӣʲôɡ
־ͬϾһ𣬻ʲôֶοʿ
һֶƣҵҵġҾŹҲץ˵ʿõǸоûƽ⡣
˵ɫһ䣺㣬ϵ˰ɣ
ǵûУҾҪ˽һ£
ͶˣǲǺö


864 ϲ׺
Ǻǣ˵ҲǺöǾŹЩţҲʲôö
ٺ٣ֻЦҲкõģͱܵҡ
ҹδбһۣôֻϵĸЦѾʧˣʮȻ
㣬Һ˵ϵ㣬һҪСġͨһϵǸҪ٣иٵơ
ҹδһԤϵһ㣬ǸһֱԼĴУڴϵԼҪ̽̽˾ûкϵʿУôģǷй
ֺֻһҹδȥͨκֻ졣Ѿֻ˲򵥣˼ܣҺҲҪ˴򽻵ɵӴ򽻵ûΣգҲòõѶϢֻҲҪȻ˾ŹǣͷҪύġ
ҹ
ҹδϥڷڣץռƣüëͻȻ΢΢һֹץĿ˴ڡȴ򿪣һʿ̴̵Ʈ˽ڻԪڵѹҹδ븲˹ҹδüװԼܲѹҲûԷֻ֣ǾŶԷԷѹվﲻƺҲʶʲôž죬Ǹ˿ڵ
ѣɽһ˵
ã
ҹδվǸԪڱͷƮ˴⣬ҹмٵķУҹδ˺档ֻǰӵʱ䣬˱һɽȥҹδн䱸˼㣬жȴû˿ɣҲɽ֮С
ɽڡ
ʱվˣеһҹδǰˣĸվĸ˵Ľ£һˡҹδĿһɨŵϵĸ˵֪ͣҹڵеĸˡ
ಡ
ִԼ֮ĸɽһĸߴʿʩ
ûץӦǻٵ˴Ѷ򡣡
λͷȻĿҹδ룺λôƺ
ҹδ룡
ҹδûԼȻЩϣعǱضġҲ塣ֻûϵԼ̤Ź֮ȶԼĲǵͷߣǹ
ҹأ
ҹɣ˵ҹǸԪ
ǣ
Ķ
û
䡭
λԥҹδˡҹδжЩȣԭԼ˵ǸҹûԷмɵԼԺͶԷ̸̸ܹõԼ棬ҲǸҹɣͷߺ͹Լ˵ûʲôԹȥ¡ȴû뵽Է˸ɴĶ֡ΪоŸԪܹԼ£ȻٱԼ
ҹδԭǸɱ⻹ʲôģ
ҹδȻˣʿܵΪҪͻΧɽȿߡҲ˹
ҹδٶж죬ҶԷԳ塣ԭ˫ͲԶֻ˲䣬˫ײһҹδһȭ˶ԷԷҲͬˡһ죬ǸĻԪͱ壬ҹδڱ봩˳ȥ
µİ˸Ԫһ뵽ҹδǿû뵽ǿ̶ֳȣǸΪ𾪵ǣҹδոմ˴򱬵⣬αȻһۣǸԪʿ˹ȥ
䡭
˵ڶԪ
ǸڴзӦ˹дһ˿ңϵߣ
ಡ
߸Ԫҹռ䣬ҹδ֣̽žĻԪһץ
пռ䣡
ǸԪͱпռסҹδĳпռ䣬һȭ˳ȥȻһǸԪ˲Ϣ֮䣬ɱԪҹδһ̧ͣͷҹգҹгĸԪסߵĸԪҹмսֻʣԪԶǵͬ顣
ҹδеһʿ׷˹ȥ֮䣬׷ǸԪԲγ˸ҹδ룬ȻǸԪоԼһȭڱѪһֻץסоռתơ
䡭
һ׺ϡ
ҹδڿУûȥ׷һԪҲ׷ˡڿУϸϸ˼һ·ŵսоЩԪЩ簲ֵǡ
Ҳܶࡣ
Ϊʲôôأ
ҹδɫһѵǲͻƵĻԪ
ʳ̫ĺϵ
ܣ
ĻԪֵ֪⼸ԪӦòԼͻƵĻԪھŹһЩݾطͻƵġ
䡭
Զ˺ҹδ룬ȡǸѶˣԼԺûк̸ĿˣҲͲѶˡͷſջȥȥκԶսĸԪӦþǱץɽڵĸʿųĸʿȥ֮󣬹ˣŻ㱨ˣȻŽĸնһ·ٵɽȡ
ҹδ벻ųĸŸֻԼݣϾԼŹǣҲûп͵ΪߵҲںԼݱ¶Ҳߵ
Щͷߺ͹˭˭ģھһ˾ŹǣûܹҵԼĸţԼΪҲţ򲻹ܹܡҲɢ޵ơ
Ϊ͵ɢޣǱ۸ˣΪ͵ġԼھŹطҲڸ߲һġرǺͼԪɱ֮ľ͸ˡԼǳŹǣҲڼƷһĹرԼ⼸겻ϵظںϵʿҲܹӵõ
ȻеĽ١
ҹδص˿ջ׽ƣÿ׽һƣռÿǸ֮ǸɷĩȻռһЩķ֮һѷռڣʱһڡЩƷĩЧһ壬һ棬ڵĵԪԪת
ҹδ佻׻ᣬڿ˼ԼûмĿʯͲҩ㹺˻ƻʱֻ֣Ƶֻ̡
ֻһ۾һ㣬ˡ
ҹδԹԵظԼ裬ȻϺһڣŵ£
ҵ㡣
Ǿͼ¡ҹδһνģ
ֻҲΣĵһμҹδˣԾŹǵĴġȻĸֻһԪ۷壬ΪĴ֮һµĳϣǾֿȡκһĻԪʿ룬Ǹʿἤ

˾Źط͵ѧͣԼԼ绽ˡ
ҹδȴȫûԾֻҹδ뻹ûоŹǵĶ򣬵ھŹǴʮ꣬һ̬ˡҹҹδΣҲšЦ
㣬ھȥ
ҹδ뽫вȾ²豭վаɡ
ֻ̣ҹδŲ׺ڷȥ׺ڣ̤ƶУҹδĿ·ɨӡ
Ǵţһƴ
ֻ͵͵ҹδ룬ҹδɫƽҲжϣҹδضҲǳţ˵
һɽ£ֻͽ̨ףҹδҲû˵ʲô˰ɽһʱŽգ⣬ʿվƺڵŴڵ˴ֻѹ
㣬ⶼݷҵģǵõȵȡ
аɣ
ֻСؿҹδ룬ҹδӰȴû뵽ҹδƽûһ˿ĿɨӣȻȻڵ
ôһţûһ͵ĵط
⡭ûУֻЩΡ
ǲڿǹģûѡ
ҹδСƽʱһԲĸ׺ʿˣŰݼֻҲˡĸ׺ʿҹδĿòơҹδĿЩĥȻ˴ʶȴֶʶҹδ롣Ҳû˵ȫû
ȻԼڲڣҲΪڳͷһԷӲӣԿ˶ˣδܹõ׺ڵĸл
ʱҹδǸһȥֻҲֻиšҹδһôϤĵλúܺãܹ׺ڵľ󡣱Ӵָȡһӣӣʾֻ£Ȼȡʼ衣
ֻҲûʲôںģҲǷĸûкǳҹδԸֻûзﻹе
ҹδҲ˵һ裬һŲ׺ڵķ羰
ƻһĨͣɫѾʼ˴ſֻæվҹδһۣҹδȴɱŴţƶûбһ£ŷ羰ֻж̲סһ䣬ţ
ȻʹҴҽ뵽ڣŶӵʿڵһ˸Ҫ̧Ƚȥֻȥˣֻεͣҹδ뱳Ӱһۣ²ҹδ뾿ʲôݡûе³³˳ҹδ˹ȥ
㣡ֻԶԶػ
ҹδվתֻԼ߹˹˲ߺΣʱֻҲߵҹδҡҹδ빰ֵ
ѡ
ҹѣҹѣ룡
룡


865 ̽
߽˴ڣŹϡһ£ŶӵĿ̲סˣһʿĸֵ
λλ˭
ĸ㶼ҡͷ治ʶ
ڣѾҹδҹҹķɿƶ
ֲôԳӭӡ
ҹδлȻҹĸоֻҲɣҲʳ
ѵ׺ҲҪϵ
΢΢ҡͷ̾ϢҲÿһ˶ܹþͻư
ҹδͷʾԼˣβ֪ŵӲܱ֤ÿ˶ͻƣҴŵľӲҡ
ֻ˵յŹǣ
Ϊ˵ҲֱֱȥʵľʣʵģͲʡͬǣܴľʹ𣬲ܴľͲ
ţҹδҲɴͷûʲôܴģϽ׻ˣŹǵһŵ㡣
Ц˵ҹ׺Ե
ҹδĬȻģֲݼģҹδš
ҹδɫҲͷۡŹǵʿʷҲûиĴΪھŹǣһ̬Ȼ˵ܵͣҲһЩʱҹδ룬ȫһν̬ȡ
ҹۿҹδɾնɱԪҹδҲһԪڣ˵һԪԲʿֵò׺£һµġǾŹǣǴţڵĻԪʿҲ࣬׺Ĵ֮һԪʿҲʮǻԪڣҲԪԲҲԣ֮󣬱㽫£ѾԼҹδƲ㱨İҹδ룬ҹδӦʣҹδԣȻЩҹδ̬ȣǿڵ
ȻҹѸյŹǣûŵأɷǹ׺ڣ
ҹδȴֱҡͷ롣
ɫһͣû뵽ҹδܾ˹ϡо͸ϲˣҹδ˲׺ڣ
յ˽Źǡ˽ǲ׺ڡ
ֻ˵ˡҹδ뿪ڵŹǳһŹ֮⣬Ĵţ׺ھĴ֮һҲ׺ڣûбԭֻһϰˡ
һϰˣѵһֱǸɢޣ
ǵǣһ֮ڵʱ䲻İٷ֮һ˵һϰˡ
룬ҪȰ˵һ£Ͼҹδʵܿã
ҹѣӦ֪ûͻƺϵԭ򣬲жһûֱϵĹһûһӵкϵĵط
Źһӵкϵĵطȱٹ׺ڣеõϵĻᡣ
ҹδҡͷ̬ȼ
Ϊʲô㣡ֻ̲סˣЩʿľǹҲǹ
ҹδ뿴ֻһֲֻۣɵ
û˵ɵֻˣҵʵģûк㡣
֪ûкңֻ˵ܹõϵĻᣬֻǻᡣ
ûⰡֱֻ׳ǿǺϵĹû׺ھ͸㣬ҪΪ׺סò׺ͬ㣬ܹ㹦
Ҳڵͷ˵ʵʱҹδӡĺܲáΪҹδһ̰ʿףõⲻǲͶ
ĺ£
ҲҪҹδ뵭
Ҫֻɫһ㣬ȻһۣҲ̲סˣ
ҹѣֱϵĹ
ڻûСҹδҡͷѣʵΪЩʿĹȫֱܹϵֻΪǱߵԲûд˾ŹǣȻܹĹ
֮ȻʧЦҹѣˡô򵥣ô򵥵ĻʿˣǻαǾŹϵĹ
ҹδȻ֪򵥣ĬȻһᶨԡ
ֺαأ̾Ϣһ׺ڣֻҪΪ׺ڷǧ꣬ԵõǧǻԪǰ׾Թ϶
ҹδ΢΢ҡͷһԼܹǳĺһ棬ҲûԼǿģһ˹ԼڵĹǿ
ҹδһѣĹֱϵ
ǣͷһ˿䱸֪ҹδĺ
Ԫ۷壿
ԣиӽ䱸ˡ
δһ󡣡ҹδ빰ֵ
ҹ뽲
дһ£ɺãҹδҽΪѹڻԪ۷塣
ɫһɣǽʵҹΪΣ
ԪԲ
оһݣڲ׺ڣ̫ϳϵ֮⣬ֻʹǻԪԲˡ˵ڲ׺ܹѹסҹδˣֻ
ʿ֮дǺ飬޷ѣͷãҹѣ
߳˴⡣˸ǰȴڰֵ
λɡ
䣬ٲȥɫɥʿ
һƧȻֱƲ֮ϣҹδԶֻԶۿҹδֵ
ѣҳˡһûԪ۷ȫѳȫ
ʱѾҹδ뷨ҪһԼĹҹδĹӣҲ׼ʹԼȫ˶ף˴˲ᶷֻǱƴһ»ʵ
ҹδֱֱһȭһ޴ĵԪȭͷ۶ɣͬһСɽһ˶ԷҲˣ޴ȭͷڿײȻһ죬·ʿ̧ͷۿ׺ڣһЩԪɫ䣬Ȼ֪ǻԪܣһವſзȥ
ʱɫ䣬ΪԼͷŵȭͷĶûмһ˲ˡҹδȭͷû˿ʧͬһСɽһ㣬ײ˹ȭ㣬ܣΨӲ
䡭
˫غһһСɽȭͷ֣ϵغҹδȭͷʱһԪʿƲ˳𾪵ؿһߡ
׺ڵĴһݣ˹ΪʱʮΣգĵԪȭͷ͵סҹδһȭԭҹδѾ׼ԼȭͷˣǼͻȻиʿӶҺһȭֹסΣһ˿ΪԷһȭǻԪԲ
䡭
ȭͷһγһ޴Ģƣȭͷ໥顣ҹδ۾΢΢һС
ԪԲûˣֻûһ˿Ԫ֮ںϵûһ˿򡣶ԼֻͷųԪ۷壬ԷȴͷųԪԲ˵ŹǵʿҲռ˾ŹıˣܹϵĹҪԼǳҲϲ١
ǲ׺ڴϴʱҲ۾΢΢һУԷͷŵĵֻǻԪԲǵԪȴﵽ˻Ԫļ¡
ǿ
ϣбƣæס˴ϣʱ׺Ҳ˹Ŀҹδ롣ҹδʱɫǻָƽһָֻ󣬵Ȼ˶档æܵ
ҹѣǲ׺ڵǧλǴϣԶ־ϣλҹδҹѡֻдһ¡
ʶǧԶ־ϣǻԪԲֻѹΪд衣
ɫһȻбȻҹδҪŹʿʵȴ𶯣ԷֻͷųԪ۷ʵܹҴֲ¡˵ԼҹδĶ֡
ҹδ벻ǹأ츳ˡбҹδ˼ɵһ˼ɵ̬Ⱦͻúܶ࣬ҹδֵ
ҹѣ
ҹδҲֻ񣺡ڳϡ
ȥ̸
ǧҲˣֱҹδ룬һ˱·ȥǧĶ;УѾҹδĽ̸ݣʶ˵ǧԶ־˶΢΢һüͷ
ҹδܰ
ҪǱˣͲм뿪ˡǼʶҹδʵȻЩмҹδ˶ϲ衣
Ȼ֪ҹδ˼ΪȻٴҹδ룬Ǹǲ׺ҲԸһɢޣɢʵ̫ΣգǶϲ׺Ĵš
һ£ҹδǱڲ׺ΧԲ׺ڵʿаɱƲ׺ںܿʹӴųˣڵΣա
Ϊһ֮ǧﲻɵҹδ룬ᾡá
һӼĻԪԪԲҲŪ١ȴûмҹδʵǿԲ˵Ūҹδ룬ͷ֣㶼ѹȥΪҪŪҹδԲǵСĲ֣úܶԲ֮ܲ
ο˼ҹδҲûбֳ⣬ҽıԾŹǵĹȤҪԼһԼĺ
һˣھŹǾ޺ģȥŪ


866 ȳü
һŪ޾鷳
οСĲ֣һҪǻôŪأ
ǻ罻ã
Ӧýãҹδ˽һ£ΪУҲܹ֪Էĵϸ
˫պǢʿ̸֮Ȼ벻۵˫磬ضŶⲻͬײ˫񫡣
һ죬˫Щδҹδ뿪ʵ˵׺ֻһϵ֪εΪ
ǧﺬЦڲֻһλϵֻһλϵ򡣡
Ŷҹδüëһµĺϵأ
ھŹءŹǺ⣬ÿֻһϵµĺϵھŹǱޡ
˵ǧֳĽ֮ɫﵽϵ磬׷ȴҲûʲô׷Ա㶼ۼھŹǱޣһܹʱͬĺϵʿ۵
ǾŹֶٺϵ
һٶɡ
˻
ҹδ벻ɵһһٶϵֲܹһ򣬾ʵֲ̫ˡ
ҹδ¶һ˿𾪣ǧҲ⣬ǿҲ£Ǻǡ
ھŹҲϵ
ǵûУҲԼϵۼĵطŹҲһٶϵ
ҹδ΢΢üͷ˼ţҹδһûǧʵ
ҹкΪ֮£
Ҳ֪ŹѰͻģУ϶ϣҲضϵ֡ҲŹΪСôģɱĺϵʿŹ岻Ұɣ
ֵǧˣû뵽ǰҹδոŹǣͽ׼˺ϵ˼Ƭ̵
治˵Ҳ֪ˣŹǵԺƽΪʿѹ֮ǱġɱϵҪɱĻҲòӦΪҲʿھŹɱ壬ҲҪϹ
ǾɱɱĽһˣ
̲ͬǽһɱϵտʼϵϣЩǱضȺΧɱ㡣Ŵβɱ㣬㻹ܵĽǾͻϡ
Ҫαҹδʵ
ǧ죬ôʵģѵһҪ㣬ɱǾŹǺϵʿûİ취
УҲܸ㰡
УҿԸ㣡
һȻǧԶ־ڵľվֻûʸȥˡ
ҹδһҲվ߽һߴʿȴڵĺϵʿȳüϿշԪ֣ô᲻ע
ͷβڹעĽ̸ʱҹδҲʶһ㣬ԼȴûзֶԷʶвɵ˵ɫҲȻࡣǧＱæܵ
ʦ壬λҹδ롣ҹѣλŵĹʦ塣
ǰҹδʩ
ɣȳüڡ
ȳü´ҹδ룬ҹδоһ˿ʣ·Լ͸һ㣬Ѿܾúܾûָоˣбӵؾ衣
ҹСѵ䲻ɣ
˰ˣҹδ뿪ڻص
ǧ˲¶֮ɫǹȳüҲһ˿𾪡ҹδᣬȴû뵽ᡣҹδŹŰ˳ɵİܹͻƺϵ
ܹڡ
΢΢ҡͷ˵ĽضҲһܼ֮ڡ㿪ڵ
Сʵϵʿֵ顣ҵһ
ǰָ̣ҹδʩ
սȳü˵
ҹδüëһ
԰
ֻǹսԸӦû⡣
ҹδˣȳüֵ˵ҪɱˣҲֱܹ˶˼
ҹδͷŹȳüٴʩҪս壬ѵҪ壿
ǰԣɱöˣͻزˡ
Ȼ壬ŹΪʿԵʣԲǱ򡣵ǱϾ壬˴֮ôûɱ
ɱҲ֣һֱɱɱʿҲɱ򣬲ҲҹԷʵҲνԣȡԴڶֱսսоŹǵʿҲдʿ彻紦һʿ֮أһսģȻȣضҪսʿӦս
ˣлǰ
ȳüڰ֣ȡһƬҶݸҹδμ棬Ǽɡ֮Ϊ֮
ȳüȥ˹ȳüĸҹδǧʵ
Ҷʲô
ҶźɽһҶвϵʿǿǿҶУеı̲˺ϵ֮ȻÿһƬҶУҪԵֻƬҶҶ̲ͻɢ
Ƕ٣ҹδڴʵ
ǧɫƽԵԵ
ҹδɫһͣȻƲƲ죬Ǿûɶʣȫƾ£
صؽƬҶһڣǧ￴ҹδ
ҹʲôʱȥսҵȸȥ
ҹδҡҡͷаֲսսֻΪ򣺡ҸոյŹǣоܹ򣬵ﵽһƿȻȥʱ֪ͨ
ǧﺬЦͷȻˣ͵һ԰ӣΪھŹǵ֮ءŵҪӪһ̣Ҳһӡ
лҹδ빰ֵ԰Ҿͺˣ̻ˡҾһˣҲûʱ;ӪһӡʱҲȱԴԺҪ鷳ѡ
鷳ֶѡסڸҲܹʱ۵
ҹδ뿪ʱһ·ͬʱҹδд𾴡

ҹδ̫ǿˣ
ҹδ밲ŵĵطڲ⣬ڲԶֻжʮҵһ԰ӡ
ܴ
Ȼ󻹲ԼѯʣǷҪһЩߡҹδڰ֣ʾԼҪ
˵ô԰ӣҲȷʵҪһЩ˴ҹδûԼֻҪһ֮ɡһЩߣԼҪģܵøЩ߷ЩԴɣ
ԣɴ಻Ҫ
һУ뿪ˣҲһæˣŽ׻ء
ҹδʰһӣ뵽֮СŹǣ͸оԼܾͣ͵ɶˡҹδϲ֮࣬Ȼᡣס׽ƶʱһ
ʿıչͬ׾Թ϶ҹδоԼͣѾҴȥҹδ۾ܣһƬҳҲȻ⣬ֱ۾á
ʱ䣬˸ԭԼʱ򣬸оԼѾﵽ˻ԪԲ֮˾Ź֮󣬷һӱòԲˣϲȻƿɾⲻͻƺϵƿûдﵽԪԲ֮
ȴҲ֪չأѾûЧԼҪһʱ䣬ҸƾеʿսһսͻƵ
ǣҲˡ׼׽һЩƣռĩŸԼʱá
ҹδֳԸز׽һƣҲһ˿֮ᷳУֻǿռڳһС΢ĩ֮ᷳбϲá
ҹδ뿪ʼһ΢ĩʼԪ
ڡ
ǧԶ־³ںȲ裬ǧʵ
ʦܣҹδڱչ𣿡
ţԴǰ뵽ׯ԰֮󣬾Ҳûг
һʿ
Զ־ڵⲻ֣һԭоԼѾﵽ˻ԪԲҲ޷֪ʿͻȻԼܹ֪ˣκһ˶ѡչءֻǲ֪չضá
ǧЦұԪʿһαչذ궼С£Ƶҹδأеõˡ
Ҳ˵Զ־ԼǿҲӦƿ
ҵϣƿӦȥս˰ɣ˵һûмָոǾŹǣͰĿⶢϺϵʿʿ
ǰӴ˱ܹ˲һĽ
ҲɣϾֻв˰ꡣһЩƾͲ˳嶯
ǧҹδսϵһأΣ
ذɣǧϵ˵ȴδػϾʵǿ
ͷҲˡʹû˵ԪܹùϵġԶ־Ц
²£ҹδֶܹãʦܣ˵
룺ӦܹϢɣ
ǧȴҡͷΪǳûкͺϵ֡ʲôʱﵽԪԲùʦָһ¡͹ʦдֲһϢ
һ̤ƶ˾˴Լ⣬Ȼжǧʩ
ҹδ
ǧɫһ㣬ôͳˣ


867 նϵ
Զ־Ҳҡͷû뵽˿أҲޡ
ӭһ°ɡ
ǧվԶ־󣬰ӺĸٴͤڡǧﺬЦ
ҹѣչصЧΣ
ҹδǸֳһ˿Цݣ룬ȻûдﵽԪԲоѾǳˡڵԪΪǧ֮һǴﵽ˺ϵ۷塣
ԣƿҪȥսһϵһص塣ܸ𣿡
ȻС£ǧȻӦʣܹۿҹѺͺϵһս˵ҲһԵȷ
Ҫ֪һսǲֵܲģҲ
ҹδɫʧǣûͨɫҹδĵ뷨Ϊҹδʮƽ֮ǰһƽû˿仯ͬһž
ɱǸ壬᲻ҳ֣
ᣡŹԹžսһʿսʤ֮һµıڡһû˻֡һºϵ㱨ҲȻ㲻򣬱㷵ǲߣҲǶơ
岻ң
ᣬսȻԺʲô飬Ҳ˵
ҹδɫһָֻƽͷʲôʱ̣
ߣ
ǧһҷۣĸ˽ۣ۵ٶȼ졣ֻʱ䣬ͿԽĽӴ
һǣֹͬءڲΪ彻׵ľ޴г
ҹδóУѾ֪ӦҲûǣڳһ˴죬дһ֣
ԪԲҹδ룬սϵһسڡ
Ȼϥڴ£ĵؿʼƵķĩŹǵĹʿսĹУκʿʿǧҲھҹδ벻Զ
ҹδ֪ԼȵʱܾãʿԼսϢ壬Ȼϵʿǰ
ԣĵȡ
ǣڵʿȴˡ
Ԫսϵ
ȷϢ֮󣬱ִͨѶʽϢ˳ȥʿӾŹǵĸط߶Щʿ壬塣оŹʿҹδҲǧ˵˳Ҳǳ١
ֻ֪ҹδǣǰŹǣһֱڲڸṩׯ԰ڡΪĻԪԲ϶δ֪
ǣѾˣ
رЩʿҹδ붼һΣҹδܹսʤ塣˵ʵЩʿھŹǹࡣѹҲҹδʵǿʿŻþŹǱʿľء
ҹδ˽ʮ죬Ѿۼ˹ʿڣһʿ˾ҹδ׿⣬ҹδ۾վ֪Էǿ´һ¶ԷȻֵ
壬ҹδ롣ԪԲ
ǸʿȴûйֻֻǵͷȻ壬ϵһس۷塣ǿ֮һҪȥȾơ
ҹδǳ鴤һ£ԷԸ˵һ£жƲԼ
ҹδҲͷ룡
䣬αŸ߿շȥǸҲŸ߿շȥԶʿҲ׷׷˸߿ա
֮ϡ
ʿѹѹһƬԶΧһȦڴȦ룬ҹδǸϵһԶ
䡭
ȶˣһȭҹδ롣ҹδɫ䣬̫ˡԲֻʵ

ǲֻʣԷͷŵٶȣҹδһַӦĸоȻֻʣеǱջˡһȭ˹
Ǻϵ
ҹδĶĪ
ϵȡٶ̫ˣҪȻԪٶȿʮֹҲҹδ룬ɾǣҹδҿ϶һȭͱˡ
ҹδǱĶûĻᣬԷٶȺܸѹ̫гĻᶼûС
ʶлģһһӵҹδΧһ󡣵֮ҹδŻһ
䡭
ʿȴ⣬ûó˫ֻȭƣҹδܼĹ
ܼΪȡٶ̫ˣҹδĽҲֻǼϢ㱻ˡʱ䣬䣬̻ͬ
Ϣʱ䣬ҹδѾ׼ڽһɲǣָһ̽ʿͷųпռ䣬ͬʱԲֽд£̳˽֡Ǳķ룬Ҳʼٴλۡ
ǱֻǱĳ̶ȼһЩˣҲǧ˴ΪԾǵΪҹδֲϢʱ䡣ڣȻǱȴɻ
ҹδսȷʵ˴ʿ˴ĻԪʿڴһսܹǴϡȴûһϵʿǰۿ
ΪԺϵʿ˵ֵá
еսԽӵļˣʮϢ֮ҹδǱҹδѾʼзˡ
ĻԲǽпռڼ仹ǱǺ֮ĹȻԷԼѹ󣬵ҹδ뽥һ˿սľܹʼһ˿ĦԷʿãǱǺϵĹ켣
ʱѾȫϡٵԪҺϵصıҲķӦҲڼӦսٶȡ
ϵϵǺϵ
ǣұѹƵ̫ҪľĦ
ˡ
кҹδͷ
䡭
ַǸʿǶȥŭһжһ޸ҹδĹһͨҹδ˹
䡭
ǽһ飬ҹδȴѾ˳ȥг˰˸ҹδ롣пռ䣬ǽַĹ˹Щٴҹδۣڷİ£ҹδ뿪ʼòô˷ѣȻƣκһԹ߶ܹҹδ״ںת
ô
ԶΧ߿ʼ۷׷ס
ıӦѾϵ
ĵԪӦѾЩԪ
绹Ǻϵ
ȥҲɣƴģԪƴϵ
ϧˣʣΪʲôҪķʽ
ҹδʱѾȫרעָѹ£˼άÿˣش·Ƽһ㣬һ˿˿ꡣ
ǣʿȴŭˣȫû뵽ԼһϵȻôʱ䣬ûдһԪȻԪһ˿ԪȻʿϵⲻɣԼȡܵٶǶԷȡҲǶԷ
԰
һԼǺϵһأȡٶȺӦǻԪʿʮϣǺҹδôҲǲģ
һԪôôǿ
䡭
ʿøңҹδȴƺʼϰֽ࣬򣬷ʼضһ˿ʱ䡣
һսһһҹճս䣬ִսճҹδȻоԼЩˣȥˡ
սսֻһҹδʿ
ҹδ򣬻ĥɱ壬ֻлЩźͺϵ֣ĵ̫ˣٸԼһЩʱ䣬˵ܹﵽĻԪԲ
ҹδ뿪ʼ޵ش̳һ֣Ĺڸ£ڰʱڣǧν֡
䡭
ҹδ֣ҲȲȥˡֻɲǼ䣬Χ۵˶Ϲۣǧͬʱγһ׳أ׳صʿǺϵʿͻȻܼĹ£Ҳ˵ֻۡ岢ţпŭ
ֵܣҲֻܹ˵ȴ޷ԼһϵȻһԪˣֱһ裬гɱ
һӰͬһ㣬ǰҹδ룬һʺʿɱ
Һһϵ

еĴȻ
ûȥԹΪأ󸫵ĸо׼ҹδĽ⡣оԵģֽ಩ײԼһӾܹԷнɣ̶˳һӽԷ롣

󸫵ĸйȻͽ⾫׼ײȻ󡭡
ǱӶȻȻʿϣԴ롣ͬʱһʹ̽ʺһ˿Ԫӿ壬Ȼը
ϵˣʬƶŵ׹䡣
ΧžһƬÿ˶ɵɵſеҹδ룬𾪵÷ӦǶܹҹδһԪԲǺϵװԪһԪȴһϵɱˡ
ҹδ·壬ʶɨŵ温Ǹϵ塣
˵ʵҪʬϵ尡ȫǱսŰʿԹۡôȻʡʶɨһ飬ҲһָûĿռװãһץǸָߣȻӰȻһҡֱϣٴλصƶˣĿһɨǧȥ
鷳һȥ


868 Ŷ
ǧһˣҹδ򡣱̵ͷȻͷųۣҹδۣХȥǧڳʿʶŹĴ֮һ벻ʶѡ㲻ʶҲ˵ûǸ
ڡ
ҹδѾ۾ʼһսľͶĸ֪ǧＸҲ˵ҲۿһսḶ́˵Ҳѵõһ
֮
۽ҹδׯ԰ڣǧѾӷڳǧҹδ뺬Ц
ҹѣͲˡأһ򡣡
ضǰҹδмػص
ǧҲҹδ̬ȣЦȥҹδ̻صԼķ䣬ʼ˱չء
֮ҹδüһ˿źջȻܴ󣬵ȴûԼﵽԪԲһȡƬȳü͸Ҷ˫һ꣬㽫Ҷ飬һɵɢҹδ֡ҹδһϲǵһ˿˿գǵƺоڽһһȻɢŲͬ˵ĸ򣬵ȴҹδܴϡ

ҹδһûԪҲûӣǶȴﵽ˻ԪԲԲܹоϵǲɴֻɴܺأ͸Ʋ
ѾܸˣϵıߣͲ֪ϵķԭ⣬ڲף֮ǰԼĻԪԲǼٵģϵһξ룬ԿϵķܹϵķˣǽҼȻ˷򣬻
ʱ⡣
ǡʱȱ˶ࡣҲͰ˰ˣԪ
ôˣƣˡץһЩưɡ
ҹδֿʼץƣһץƣһҲһɡ
ô˶٣
ںˣ֮ǰңȫλӦһ
ٶҲһҹδ뾪ϲ
԰
Ǻϵȼı𣿡
ĬһҲ㣬ܿˡ
ЩܹΪϵ𣿡
ӦܣʱҪܾá
û£ǲȱʱ䡣
ҹδץһʱƣȻĸµʱûдﵽϵأϵԲֽһ
꣬ҹδƣһӣĿĹˣԶȥ֮󣬱һ˼ɽ֮һʶڷк۳һС
ϣ
һһ߽Ȼֻ˲䣬ÿһ߽֮ٷ֮һϢʱ䣬һӣԶһɽȥ
䡭
ӹɽʧɽϵɽ屻ӽʳ˷۳
ҹδ𳤽һնг߽߽˴ȴûٷ֣Ǻϳһ޽ǰɽȥ
䡭
ǰɽ룬ضһ蹵Ǻ蹵ڽʣǧڶɢ˷ִ˴һ򽣵ʥء
ڰУҹδеЦ⡣
ԪԲǽ߽򽣵ٶȺܶһ߽һܸ֮ǰǸ壬δؾͲܹնɱԷ
һŹѾʮ꣬һս֮⣬Լڱչءҹδ뾲˼ЩҪھŹһ뵽ҹδһӣʧɽ֮С
֮ҹδ̤ƶУĿ·ȥֳ˼֮ɫ
·һҰʱڿҰ֮УһȺʿǰС̶ӣЩֲȺпһʶˡ
뵱ҹδһҷۣǷڻķڡʱڷڻһЩʿһԪҹδǵƣʱǸƾ·ЩȺС
˷̶ۣҹδĿùŹ֣Ϊ˵õϵץ˵ĻԪʱڷڣء
Ҳ֪ûб
ҹδĿĹˣȻԶȥ֮ǰһʶӡǸϣһ˴ҹδʶ뵽һ㣬㿴ԪһϢˡ
ûͦá
ҹδ뵽һ㣬ץһԪʼʡʱǻԪ˺ü꣬ҹδʲô˵ʲôľ˼ĵزǵҹδ˵ϳʱǸԪҲǲ˼ظո³֣һԴըˡ
ˣ
ҹδһ£Ȼ㷴Ӧ˹ӦǱʶ˷ӡһϳ飬ͻԱ
ǸʿĴָĨֽʬ˳ȥҹδ뿪ʼŵõѶϢ
ЩˣտʼʱֻԾŹǱʿţԴһСǰѾŹǵ˵ˡأʱƣ˿ʼˣѾʲôŹǱʿˡһɱǵԴ͹ǵƸֵҩѾױһа֯
ҲżأǾǽԼԼǸȫѡǿԼԼļǾǾŹϵɢޣɵһˣҪȡھŹϵľŹˡ
ӵõЩѶϢе֪Ӷ˺Դҹδ۲뵽Դҹδ㿪ʼ鿴ԪĴָԴ٣ҹδҲȥڷ˺ϵҹδᣬϾ֪ôǲֶġ־ͽϵȥ룬ֽǸϵһصĴָȡ˳鿴һ¡
ϵǺϵҪȻԪղطḻˣֵԼǸԪʮҲûпҹδöԼžôĶһƿװʮ¶
Ч
ҹδһϲȽһԪûء
һԪץһ֮ǰǸԪ֪Ĳࡣҹδûϳ⣬ʵ
ˣֱӻܲɺã
زȥˣʿҡͷʧô꣬Ǵġһȥضʣ˵ġȻұضƳɺϵ

ҹδҲЩΪѣ㿪ʶҿܲƽǸӡ
ǸԪˣҲҷĻھ͵Ļһ
ʱҹδһɥҵǸӡûиҶΪƽⲻˡ
÷ӡе˭

ûͻƺϵ
ӦûУ˵Ѿ벽ϵˡ
ҹδҡҡͷоǸţơҲûзǸԪ
ˣˡ
ǻԪˣǶ಻ӣôãҵҲһ˿ϲãҹδȻǲɱˡ
ҽŶġ
ʲô㣿
ҡŶĵ壺Ҳ֪ڻţһΪûɱңһ棬ҲΪķڣҳȥӦúܿͱҵӡʶеǸ˱֮⣬ܹ𵽶λá
ҹδ˼Ŷֳ־֮ɫѣѾңԸΪˡ
ҹδ뿴һۣ̾Ϣһľǲͻƺϵģ治֪ôͻƻԪġ
ŶĬȻа֮ǰҲİҲǵļᶨİ˭˽ʮ꣬Ҳס
ҹδҡҡͷ㱻˽ʮίԪͻƵľͲ壬ʶ궼ʡʮףȻԱķûЧȴþˡڵûʣʮͨ͸Ļǣ˵ϵˣһӵΪҲˣд
ȻҲʲôطϵɵķǿַΪ˵ʵһɸͻƺϵԣҶԣڰ벽ϵҸš
Ŷһ̸֣֪Լ꣬ȻоԼ괿ͨ͸ϲҲ֪Լ⣬ڵʽѾΪˡΪԼ̫ࡣΪȫƾ˵ĸֵҩЩҩܹΪ֪ԽǳЩҩԽԶҪõЩҩҲҪĴۣҪΪܶ顣
˭˭ȫҩ
û̵𾴴
ҹδ룡
ŶҹѣҵүүȻǣҵĸĸҶھŹǡҲ֪ʲôݣǾŹʿҶүүԵǿȫİҲû˿ǣҡǾŹȴЩΪʿ
˵Щ˼˵ҲһиŵˣҼȲǾŹǵˣҲǵˡԸΪԺ͸㡣֪Ϊʶڵķӡ鷳ҿһֱڷڣʲôƺҪңٷҳȥҰ£ٰսʱڣ˲ᶨλҡ
ʲôҹδЦЦؿ


869 
ϣܰڵʣܹʶڵķӡǾ͸ˡҿΪ顣
ҹδʱȴ˼ҪҪô£˵ԷҲһԪڣ£ֵաԼǿ򣬶ܹһˡǣԪʵҪܶ࣬ҪȾٺ;ǺǶܶࡣΪƾԼͻƵľ磬ֶֹͻƵġ
ֶܹʿͻƣȴҲʿʵʮֵ¡ҹδ뿴ȻŻԪڵľ磬ʵҲ൱ھٵĻԪڵʵҹδûȡ
ֻܹŶĵ⣬ҵһ˵Ļᡣһ£ԼоƽŶʶڵķӡʽȻоһӡ
ûʲôѵģѵƽӡһƽˣܣȻ˽ַӡҲܹµķӡˣ˿˵ֶΣͱԼ˵ֶΡ
Ŷûд˵Ļˣ˵ģȥ˾һ´˵ʿԼͿԿƽԷʶڵķӡȻٿڶԷʶڲһӡ˶ԷͲᱻ˻ɣȻܹȥΪԼ̽ӡ
ڵĺƽԷķӡȴ˺Է
ҹδ֪Լڵķ磬ǲܣҪһҪƾõʱ䣬һҪ㹻Ʒ
ǣҹδ뻹顣
ԣҹδŶĵʶȫ޷֪һСŽ˳鹵ͨһ£ŶĵͷϣʼӡŶʶڵķӡ
ʱʱ䣬͸ӡϣҹδ뽫ʼֽǸӡȻӴŶĵʶӡŶȫǽٺȫ֧ĸо־塣
Ҫ
ҹδ붣һȻ˷㡣
һ㣬Ŷı㳤һоĻûʲô֮࣬񾭶˲١
ŵѣҹδ˼˵ȻҶΪķʽǺ˽⣬ȴ֪ԲͻƺϵġҸúܴҲʱĻۡ߻ħĽ
ŶҲǵͷˣʵЩ˶뷨ֻ˵оһоܹͻƺϵĵҩֶΣǽϵ⡣Ǹʱ򣬾ŹϵĺϵǾŹôһٶˣҪپж١
ԣˣ
ŶĿЦΣѾ·û˵ĵҩǵΪͻͣͲǰûһ˿ҡ
ʲô
ҡҲÿ˶ܹͻƵģܶͻƵʱֱˣ߻ħ
УЩѾͻƵˣƽʱҲоףоԼĳ仯Щ˵ֺƽӿɱ⡣Ҳһ߻ħѾ·ϣûѡȨ
ʲôо
Ŷɫһ㣬ȻϸϸӦֳĬһӿϲã
ָоûˣǡϸϸظ֪ƺܹظоĳڻؽٴǸ򡣡
ٴǸĸ򣿡
ٴ߻ħķ򡣡
ҹδ˼Ƭ̵ӦٴȾꡣ嵱Ϊֵҩ崦һȾԴ״̬ȻȾꡣ걻׺ʡûףֿʼȾꡣȻһḶ́Ժܳһʱڣ㲻߻ħ
վǻᱻȾǰɣŶĵûлţѾˣֻź;ɥ
ǾȾԴҹδҵķǣָƺΪһṩһЩʯ͵ҩ
ҹδӸ˶Էһʯ͵ҩҪָܹ۷״̬
ŶĬһԼһ¾͹ˡ
ãһºһﲻϵ㣬ӦźܴĿԣȫˣڰصһ㣬㡣ˣ꽫ͨ͸Ժ󲻻ʶڵķӡһоҲӦ֪һƽķӡֻʱ⡣
Ŷпϲ°ݵˣŶԸΪߡ
ɣ
ҹδ뿪˷˵ʵŶڵʣҲǺаաŶĻָΪ˵ɡһ飬ҪƽӡҪ̵ʱ䣬ҹδȥӡĽơ
ʱѾǽƻ裬ҹδ뿴Ǹ̶ӡ
ʮˣΪһԪƺеĵλͦߡʱϥԡ
ҹδӿȻǱȥЩ̱㾯ҲĿ˹ȻĿһ˿־塣ʵҹδµӡ̫ˡ
ѣþòҹδԶԶرŽƴк
Ʊ̾Ϣһ֪Լ⼸ʮ˶ҹδɱģԼôôùɱǣ
ǣȴԥæӭҹδ룺ǰ
ҹδͣ˽ŲһʮˣȻԽƵǻطģ
ãƹϵͷ
뿪ȺȺһԪʿҹδһֳۣ֮ɫȻûпҹδ׼ȷΪֱԷһԪ
ԶȺʶҹδ뿪żɽ
ǣ
ȥƽԭ
ƽԭ
ǰ֪
ҹδĵ֪ʲô춼ڱչأҡͷ֪ϸ˵˵
Ʋؿһҹδ룬Ȼϸ˵ƽԭ˱仯ʼϼ⣬ϼɣԤʾһ¶ĵطˡ
¶ҹδһԼϻʮ¶ûùҲ֪ЧΡǺʣϢҹδ롣
ԣ¶ĵطȳֹϼ⣬ϼ᲻ϵضšֹͣŵʱ򣬱¶ʼʱ򡣶ЩϼżǿЧǶǻȴûʲôЧϼŵʱڣżǿѹơ
ϼֹͣ޵ҲֹͣѹҲֹͣԣϼŵʱʿǲġȵϼֹͣʿŻ룬¶
Ź˻Щ˽ȥ
ᣬΪǸʱϼʮǿҪʿȥնɱޡκһ¶أκʿţģҲΪΣԽȥҲЩ˵ˣΨһĻȡ¶ĻᡣȽɱòˡŹ˾ͻ᳹ռطԺ˭ǾŹ˵ˡ
ǵڻң
ԣǴҸ֮¡
ҹδ룬Ҳͷȷʵˣ֪Σպܴ󣬵Ҳܴ
ʲôʱֹͣţ
岻֪ʷϳֵ¶֮㣬ҲҪʮ꣬ꡣ
ȥôʲô
ÿһ¶֮س֣ﶼΪһ޴ķСŹǸ˶׷׸һΪȷʲôʱˣ¶ˣ
һ棬ŴʿȻһ̵ĺʱҲһдĺõط
ҹδͷʾԼˣȻʵǵЩأôûкһ𣿡
ƲԭͲһ𰡡ǹΪֲЩ˽šǵֻǸṩһۼ㡣ҶǸѰԼĵ;лĻͻؾۼ㿴
ҹδ뿴һԶǼʮˣЩأ
ǾŹǵһУҼǵСθһȥƽԭ
صҲǼ룿
ȻֻҪʵС
Ҹһȥаɣ
Ҳ֪ҡͷȴһࡣԼòҵһ֮ɱָƻˡ
аɣȥʡ
ҹδ뾶ֱǸԵĻԪȥǸԪվܹ֪ҹδһԪҹδȻҲܹ֪ҶǻԪأȻšҹδǸԪ棬żɽ
һ
ãǸԪҲʮָɴ࣬£ҹδҽҹδ룬γƺ
ͨͨ΢΢üͷоҹδֺϤԼһϢ֮˫ĿȻ
սϵǸ
ԣȥ
ûͨźҡͷҸȥʱѾˡ֣Źȴ˲֪ϾԻԪΪնɱһϵ
ͨеĽ䱸ˣ𾴣һ˿⡣ҹδЩ⣬Źʿкܴì
ԣҹδЩȷ⣿
ⲻ𣿡ͨһ£ȻӦ˹͵ڵѵһЩ飬Ӳ׺ܶࡣ
ŶҹδҲ֪׺ڶԼ˵ЩʲôЩʲô
˵ܾ˲׺ڵ룬ԵԼҪŹǵĹԼܹܳԼĺ


870 ϼ
ǰʲô⣿ҹδֵ
⵱Ȼû⣡ͨЦ;ŹǾû˸ĳͻʿŹǣĶεõŹǵĹΪǲֶΡֻŹǣˣҲܶ⡣
ǿǿܹɱϵʿҲӮǵ𾴡
ҹδ˼Ƭ̣Щˡ
ǿΪûģرǿֶԾŹǵûʲô죬˱ǾŹҲԸҹδ롣Լͷԭɡ
аɣ
Ҳ
ҹδԭŹȫˡԾŹûʲôͼԼնɱһϵˡǾŹһٶϵʿҲӦףԼһӵĻҪɱԼҲܲףҺϵʿó١ֻҪԼھŹǲĹ֣Ӧǰȫġ
ˣҹδʵƽԭ¶֣ϵʿ𣿡
롣
ǲҪ¶𣿡
ҪǲҪȥȡ
ˣ
ҹδˣЩվھŹǶ˵ĴУǲԲģǸʱ
¶ȻЩǺϵʿṩܾͺˡ
˵¶ֱֻܹƵĺô
ҹδԣǴδʹù¶һʹƣŸá粻жϣƶԼ̫ΣˡԣǾԼһ԰ȫĵط˵
Ժҹδͼ顣ÿֻһ£϶һ£ǲ׽ƣȻΪҲˡ
ѾƿƿҲʺϣΪĹУʹģвжϣһжϻ˺Լ;вȫ˲ġ㽫еʱ䣬׽ƣơȴҲͰˣҹδûл顣ƵٶԽԽˡ
һ·ϣҹδʱҲЩʿģеʱľŹǵļţҹδھŹ˽ⲻ٣еʱ۵ʿǳҹδЩʿĹϵ
һº
ҹ
ҹδϥһ£ʶ뵽㣬㿴ŶҹδʶΣվŶĵǰ
ģ
Ŷ۾ҹδ룬æʩ񣺡ˡ
ָ𣿡
ָˣֻǸоһ˿ǡ
Ȳϵ㣬оʱųͨ͸ҡ
ã
Ŷҧ֪ζܣǸ֪ԼΨһһ;Ļᡣ
ֻһ뵽Լ֮ǰôĵҩԼñܾãҲɴ
ҹδ봥һϵشӿн䣬ŶĵϡŶʯάԼ״̬
ˣһʱ䣬ҹδԶԶر㿴˹Ĺâ
ƽԭˣͨ˷ܵ
Ҳܼÿ˶ؼӿ˽ŲŽӽҹδ뿴һֵĳ档
кܶʿ壬Ҳ塣μγӪص
Ӫ紦һ޴ķУ崩󣬽ס
ҹδŷͨӪصıԵȥȻҵһյأｫԺפأӪؾһһ˵Ӫϵҹδһ£ڣֻߣҲųʮ
ͨǶʼóҹδ뿴˿ĿһֲʿҪ滭ŷܹʶ̽飬ŷʾЧҹδվһߴԼһߵ
ǰû׼񣿡
ţҹδͷ
ǰȥǱߵķУģһǶǰ׼õġ
ľͺã
ҹδͷתȥŷȥҲѵط˳ڷͨԱߡͨһദЩʿҲҹδơοҹδڣҲܹȫһЩ
ҹδ˷УûмѰĵط˳ŷһ·ȥе̶̣ģеɢް¶̯λֻǵҹδ磬ĺѿԼаĶ
Ȼĵطҹδһȷʵ󣬵ҹδǮ񣬷Ӫأƺͷͨæ˺ܿͽϡȻҹδںȲ衣ҹδʵ
ʲô
ܶࡣЦǿȥѣҲԲμһЩᣬύһЩµĵѣȥԱҲ˷սУȥϼ￴
ȥϼ￴𣿡
ȻԣֻΣաǽϼ⣬Ϊᱻѹơ
Ϣһȥ
ã
뿪ҹδ뿪󷨣˻ģȡ죬ڲ󷨣ϥȡһƿװʮ¶ǺһΣȻƿϸϸӦڵı仯
ƺûʲô仯
ҹδ뿪ʼ˹ͬʱ׽ڣһ¸о仯ˣƽ뵽ڣٱ꣬˺Ǳʮ˳ھתתطֽɾԪȻٶȺ٣ķǳȫûһ˿ʡ
ţ
ҹδɫ΢оԼƺӵ׽ˡ̷ſյ飬ԼŬ֮С

ҹδ۾˷ܣҲź
˷ܵǣһ¶Ȼܹάһҹʱ䣬һܹٽԼźǣһҹʱ䣬ҲûӶԪʵѾ¶ٶȫֱƿֻǸȫУԼ
źǣ¶УٶҲȷʵҹδϸ˼һ£ԼʲôҲãֻþŹǿռе֮ҪܹڵĵԪȫתԪ
һҪһȾǱԼıҲﵽ˺ϵԲļͶֲ֧סڵԪҹδıǺϵأҲֻܹԼڵĵԪתԪͻ᱾顣
ˣֳһ⣬ͶȾҲҪʱ䡣תԪѡҲ˵ܿҪʱ䣬꣬⻹ζźϵҪϵֲ֪Ҫꡣ
ֲúϵ٣ҴﵽϵԲʿ٣ǧһ
¶أ
вϵ¶֮ǰԼùЧҹδܹʡʮʱ䡣˵֮Ҫ꣬һֱ¶ֻҪǧꡣ
ǣôһֱ¶ã
ҲŹЩϵһֱУҹδҶ϶ǾŹЩԪʿҲһֱ¶ÿܹŪʮο¾Ǽˡ
ǻԼأ
͸Ūˡ
ҹδףֱƿҲЧԽʡٱҲ˵ʱ䣬ͿԪתϵǾͲʱܹˣҪԵҲĳһ죬һˡҲһҲˡ
ǣҹδ벻ÿ춼ƿһһûСԣʱ䣬϶ҲǼꡣ
οֱƿȻתٶȺܿ졣ȴûж˿İ¶ȴźܴİԣҹδ뻹Ҫ¶ԽԽá
ʱһȺ˶Ѿվϼ档ҹδͷֻͨ飬Ҳʿҵ̬ȶƣֲǿʼ¶Ľ׶Σһٲ̤ϼ֮ڡ
һϼ⣬ҹδ͸оԼѹˣԪΪֱӱѹƵ˵Ԫɫһ䣬ߵķͨ
ұֱѹһ硣
˰ͨؿҹδ롣
ҹδ΢΢üͷϼⲻӣͶʿûѹ𣿡
ţ
޲ûбѹƣһڱǿǰɣ
ǣ
ǰĿʲô
ûʲôĿģǽһ¡
ǴСˡ΢һ£뿪ɡ
˵ͷ룬һɢܿ߾ʣҹδ֧ļʮˡ
䡭
𶯣ҹδĿȥҰгһͷŰţһԵķͨҹδ͵
ҹѣǾŰţŰţһĽޣǴﵽܵʵ㿴ڣѾӵʵϼ
ҹδͷԡ
ҹδȥǸŰţײ˹ҹδһץסţǡҲѲá
͡
ͻȻţϣķУҹδ˷סҹδкȷʵѾﵽڵʵϼţ˵Ϊλˣ
﾿ʲôܣ
ҹδһֻžŰţĽǣȻʶ˾ŰţʼɨŰţûзʲô쳣ͷʵ
ܳ𣿡
ܳԣҷǳζǻ˱ꡣ
ҹδ룬һȭŰţˣȻս˴ָ
ȥ
ҹδϼȥӦûʲô̽ˡھŹǵʷϣֶ֪ٴĵطʲôܣӦͱоˣԼ˷Ǹʱ䡣ҲνﱻѹΪĺܣһ𷵻Ӫء


871 
Ҷ֪޵˱ñ̲꣬סԣҹδ벻̫⣬ȼڴŰţ֮ҹδһڲΪʲô
̫ζˣ
ѣŰţζ𣿡
ǾŰţζǱϼκһޣζͨȻתͷһЩ˺ǳ
ˣǲҪٳˡ
һʿط⣬Ȼͨҹδ͵ǵΪԶˣѹƲס
ҹδͷһ߳ԣһ߿ʼ֪ԼڻʲôȻͷԼƺһ˿˿һֱѾܾöֵ
ΪʲôˣѣǾŰţԭ򣬻ϼԭ򡣡
ϼԭ򡣡
Ϊʲô
֪ŹҲоûо
ҹδͷ˼Ƭ̵ѣֵ¶ĵطһֱ𣿡
ᣬʼ¶֮󣬴ԼԳһǧ굽ǧ֮꣬ͻʧ
ҹδͷһֱصԼҲʵһζԭֻ벻ԭ򣬵֪һԭ
ɡ
˰ûףҹδȡƿһ¶Ȼʼں¶Ѿ˴ҪλҪλǳ֮ǰеļʣںϣٽŹǵ
һʮ죬ҹδ붼û뿪ֱһ¶ģŲòֹͣ
Ԫı仯٣Ҳ١ȴҹδʮ˷ܣΪѾһʱ䣬޷ΪƿȻܹ٣ͻƿƿɶĿʼ
źǣû¶ˣҲ͵ΪֹˡԹû¶ʱ򣬸޷

³һ߳ϼⷽȥЩϼһЩ΢΢˫ۣȥϼ￴ܲҵһЩܡΪʱһ֣뵽飬ԡ
ûкˣһ뿪Ӫأ뵽ϼ֮Уѹ̽٣ҹδѡһ롣ΧѾûʿʱͷ˳
Ȼ󡭡
ûзӦҹδʧսʶվ룬ȻûзӦǶûзӦ
ץһԾ֪ˡ
ҹδȥܿץһޣͽ˷ڡȻҲŽ˷ǸڷڵܣûʲôӦ
飬оʲô𣿡ҹδ͸飬ûзӦ
ҹδ룬ʶڵķ˸ͷųһ𽣣ϵһǸ޵ԴѪ˳
ಡ
鶯ˣһӷɵǸ޵ĲǰѪս뵽ռ䣬ڵѪԴԴϵرգֱǸ޵ѪҺյһζʣȻž鸡˷ڡ
ҹδһϲʶ뵽ռڣЩѪҺϵѪҺųȥγѪĩųռ䣬ڷڡôһѪҺҲֻ˲ʮϢʱ䣬ͱ˳ȥгֳһ¶

¶
ҹδ붼Թʮ¶ˣôϲ¶
пϲ侲ǰ¶϶¶ҪԼԹ¶СһȦԼа˳ɵģ
Ϊλˣ
ҹδ˼Ƭ̣˴ŵĲ²⡣ƽԭϼڵ֮޶ӵһ¶Ҳһ¶޵ΪԼնɱޣֻ¶ʵǿҲԼΪʲôռ޵ѪҺֻһСɵ¶ҲĻ¶ȫ֮󣬱ʿԽʱ
Ϊʲôˣ
ҹδ벻ףҲǾŹǵҪ̽ԭ򣬿һʱ;δܹ̽ס
ҹδԱҲȥ룬ѸٵطӪأȻȷľ¶ȴʮֿ϶¶Ҫ֪֮
صӪ֮ҹδ뵽񣬽ǵСһȦ¶£Ƚǵ¶ȫ֮ҹδ۾оǾϲ
¶ֻСһЩܹƺʱһ
ҹδסˣǰϼ֮Ϊ֪ʱƣЩѪҺڵ¶ɷֻԽԽ٣ֱһ˿ʣɱԽ磬õ¶Խࡣ
ҹδ뿪ʼɱ֮ãʱ޻ûȫڵ¶ʵޡҹδȻѹһ磬ҲǵԪ۷塣
οñҹδǺϵءռѹΪѹƲıͶȺ˵ҹδȫΣգǱΧɱ
ƽԭڣر΢һĵطû˼ΪҶ֪ڽҲò¶Ϊ¶ûеҽܵѹƣʱΣաɱޣҲֻζñ꣬ԣͨҲûо¶ʿŻ룬ڱԵһͻ뿪
ԣտʼļ죬ҹδ뻹СĽÿɱ޵ʱ򣬶ʶ̽Χһ
˺Ѿſɱˡ
ƽԭ̫ˣСĶУҹδ֣ƽԭڵĳڶ¶ɱջ͸ˡ
ʱҹδͶһɱϣÿһ϶ȭͷʵܵҹδУǳƬƬıնɱȻҲͳƬƬĻ¶
ʱҴҹȥʮ꣬һ죬ҹδͻȻԷڵŶĵĺһȭɱһֻޣӽ˷ʶ뵽ĵ㣬㿴ǱŶġҹδȴ֪ŶӵŲ֮ǰֻǵ״̬бһϲ
ָͨ͸״̬
ţŶϲվҹδ빪ʩлˡ
ҹδֹӸһװʯʯΪָ۷塣
ã
ŶĻشʮֹϣҹδٴջʶʼɱޡ
һ¹ȥҹδٴյŶĵĺ㣬㿴ŶѾָ۷壬һ·뷢˾ࡣ
ȡ
ҹδؿ׼𣿡
ţ
ҹδְŶӽ˷һ㣬Ϊʮ꣬Ϊԭһ˿˿ǣҪһ׾ξ֮󣬲ٱȾΪѾȫˡ
ҹδڽʮ뿪ƽԭӪءһ÷ͨͽЩ˴ΪԾ׷ѯʣʮȥ
ҹδ˵ȥܱЩ˴ˣȻ뵽ԼŽռ䡣
ռڣһˮװĶ֮һƵԲڵĿռ䣬ǸĴͷ­ƿռ䡣һСĵƣǱܳķӡŶĵķӡ
ռڵʱǾֹģҹδռڿʼоӡռܵọ̈̄ҹδǷ񾳽磬ܿӡһıһ£ӡԼܹƿغ͸֪ġҲ޷֪
ҹδٴܱߵ뿪ˣȻ͵͵ٴǱƽԭ
ҴҰȥҹδյŶĵĺֽ뵽һ㣬֪һŶģȻʱʮǴ굽嶼ʮֵͨ͸ŶҲʮּӯ°ݵ
ˣһ
ҹδҲܸˣ㽫ִ˷㣬ָΪҹδгȥɱޡ
һ֮
ҹδٴν㣬ʱŶĵΪѾָȴӻԪڵ䵽ԪڣҲֻǻԪءȴ˺֮ܶ࣬ǰǰǻӣĻԪ
ҹδŶϥڵϣȻ˵ſʶҪֿ
ǣ
Ŷķſʶҹδʶ̽룬׵ƽǸӡȻʶһӡ
ŶĬĬ֪һ£֪Լ״ҹδûаԹޡҹδܹѾмڻҹδƿԼ˭ƿزƿأ
ҿҹδ벻һб֮ˣԼ״Ӧñ˺õĶࡣ
ҹδ뽫Ŷķ˳˿ʼɱޡ
ˣҹδŶɱ˽ʮ꣬ȻϼԼѹڷɿļᣬֻǲһӵʱ䣬ϵѹûˡ
֪¶Ӧóˡ
ֻ֪¶Ķһʱ֮䲻ЩãȻ
ʱʿӿƽԭȻɢŸѰ¶ɱҲ˴Ļ
û¶٣ҹδѾӵ˺ܶ¶ҲᡣʶӿûĿĵıӡ
һʿʶΧ֮ڣ׺ҹδҹδһȭǸʿĵǸʿ󾪣תҪȥҹδοϷŹԼˣ
һʽпռ䣬Ǹ棬һ⣬㽫Ǹʿ顣
ҹδҡҡͷûм¶Ѿʼˡ
ģʿʼˣ˵ϳǸ鷳ҵķɣ
ŶãڵϢѾıˣϤҲ֪ٸıһò㲻ϳҡ


872 
Ҳã
ŶĸıòٴοʼĴѰ¶ҹδҲɱһޣȻܹ¶ҲģʼרĵѰ¶
ģھŹǵº֪ܳѰ¶𣿡
ţ˵¶ĳ֣ûйɣֻܹײڸտʼʱ¶ĻỹǺܴġ
ôûһΣ
Ŷԡ
ҹδ벻һѵԼѾ̫¶ԼҲˣ
ôܣ
ҹδ벻ŶĿʼĴӣʶӳȥ֮鿴ʮϸΪ֪¶ԺƳ֡
ڼҲһЩʿҲ˼սҹδ붼ûж֣ͱŶĸˡôҲһԪءھŹǣԪʿҲٺܶࡣ
˵죬ҹδԶԶؿһ̫ڰС
Ȼ̫һԲڰУͷŵϼ⡣ҹδ벻ȷʲôǼȻ죬Ҫȥ
ʮϢ֮˿˸ͣ˽ŲĿĹˣ㿴ʱѾۼһٶʿһԴԴϵʿﱼӶвԪʿЩ˿һҹδŶģûǰɧţֻǿһۣջĿ⣬С
УʱһȭͷСĹԲɢŹϼ⣬ϼʲôʱǸԲΧŰ˸ʿİ˷˲ñʿ˸ʿεͷԼϢ
ԪϢ
˸ʿǻԪʿ
ҹδ뽫ʶ˳ȥŰеǸԲ̽˹ȥǰ˸Ԫ֪ҹδʶҲֻǾصҹδһۣȻҹδ̽顣ҹδʶԲϼ⣬㱻˻޷̽ϼڵĶ
ǣҹδȴԻϿ϶ϼض¶ջʶĿɨӣĿһһʿ˹Ŀ˶ԷǸʿҹδǰΪʶ
ûϴĻҹδɣ
ҹδͷǣ
ʿϱֳЦݣȻ㣬ҹۿնɱϵҽ顣ԪԲһΣ
ǸҹδĿʾеԲ
ԣͷ
ƵѣӦҲ˽⣬Źǲá¶ǲ˽⣬ǸԲ¶
һ£Ȼ͵¶ĳ־ˣǳһϼԲԲдСеָֻ״ֻһ¶е¶ǲСӦǧҡ
ҹδ۾һѵ𣿡
ղˣۺָռ䷨ȵȣ޷ȡһϼһУֻеһϼʧܹȡ
氡ҹδпȴͨȡ𣿡
ȡˣϼأϢ
ҹδȻǳأͱ¶ĳ֣޷̽ܡ
Ǿʣˡ
ҹδ벻ųͱ˺ȻԼǿǶһˣһݰաʶ
Ƶ׼κھȥλãǵȵϼʧ
λáն
ҹδ˼λãΪʿжûھкܶʿ׼𹥻
ɵĽܱܿ¶ϼ⻹ûʧ¶ûг֣ʹ˵ˡϼʧ¶֣ûЩǡǣȴһΪҪء
һϼʧ¶֣Ȼǽˮ¥̨ȵ£ǰ˸˲ܹ¶Ȼȥ
Ǹʱõ¶Ͳ¶ˣҪԷӶԷᣬѶҲǳ
Աλá
ҹδͷˡ
ҲʶҲˡ
ȻŲԶһʿ֣Ǹʿ˹ʶܵ
λɽڴϣűԪԲΪ
űҹδ빰Ϊ񣺡ҹѡ
ŵѡҹδ빰ֻȻʶɽڿĴ֮һƵҲԴŰɣ
ͷڡ
ʲôʱ֣ҹδ̧ͷһ۰еİ˸ʿ
ЩʿѾ̲סˣȶһЦеĿЩʿʱѾʿһʿ½
Ҳã
ҹδͷȻ˶Ҳûһ¶η䡣Ǻֻռݿ¶λãϼʧ˭ܹõ¶ȻǸƾ¡
Ȼûҹδĸ˵ȶãϱһٶʿǰеİ˸ʿ˹ȥ
ǰ˸ʿȫǻԪԲʱ䣬ǹϿеһٶʿ½ӰĴӿе
ҹδ΢΢һüͷ˸ĺǿÿһʵ˾ٺ;ǺǣȻҲǻԪԲȴ˸еκһ˲ֹһǰ㡣
ҹδ룬бȻΪ˸ʿĻԪԲٺ;ǺǣҲֻԼǷԪԲȵ˾ŹǣᷢԼԲˣʵȻҪⷽĻԪԲ˲١
ǰ˸лԪʿУҲлԪԲЩ˴ʱҲԼ˽ģҪһЩʵԼСһЩñʿһЩǰ˸ԪԲͬЭһٶʿ˼죬׷״ӿбеʿزһƣ˱ġ
ҹδ룬űɫأŶĿˡҹδ̾ϢһŶĻˣȥ֮󲻻жٰǾԼЩ˻λãŶĻΪЩʿ㡣
ʶˣŶľͲȥˣ
Ŷһжҹδڸм֮࣬ҲӷԼҹδ롣ҹδ뻹ΪԼǣԼʲôĵģ
űҲͷԭоͲͬŶĸţǿŶľһ׸Ͱﲻæ
ಡ
еһٶʿ֮ȴûֹʿе̰ʿȥЩʿ鶼û飬ҲҲףҲûáҸƾ¡ǵ뷨ܼ򵥣ǽŪңܹɱǰ˸ʿãɱҲƻǰ˸ʿˮ¥̨ȵµλãôҶлᡣ
Щʿ˵ϣԼʮоͰҹδǼЩʿеǺҹδǱͬеǾԼΪУȥҲܸûм©Ļᡣ
䡭
еɱüңǰ˸ǿҲֻǰ˸ˣܵλõƣ뿪ԼλãȻɲʿǴӿк˸ԪҲʼرǱ
Ƶѣҹδʶ¶ûף
ûУЦѾڣǸ¶ֲ˿ף¶ϼͻȻʧ
ҹδü޷жʲôʱʱˡ
ԣʱ䲻̫á
ҹδͷ֪ԼƣǶ¶ûʲô˽⡣űӦϸ˽⣬жʲôʱֻ֣ܹλ
еսԽԽң̶Ӽұ˲áǰ˴ԪҲʼƣ͸˵ЩʿѾŶʮֱӱ塣
űҲüͷΪ˲ҹδ뻳ɣûʶǵžƣʲôʱ֡
еʿʼ٣Ӽٸʿֻʣ¼ʮֹȥӣнʿѪȵζǰ˸ԪԲҲŲֹһƣֻĿøɱӿַʽϵʾǵɱ

ʱľֻеҹδʮˣԣǰ˸ʿĿ絶һҹδʮ˵ɨ˸롣
鿴һ۱˸˰Χϼ⣬һ
ϰɣ
űҲͷѰҶ֡
䣬Ҳҹδ᲻ϣֱſзȥҹδҲֱһԪԲȥűѡʿͬʿѡĶڰ˸ԪҲصҹδȴֱʵǿǸ
ڵϿôãȻǿа˸˶Ե˽⡣жϵ¶Էʵȫû⡣
űѡû⣬ѡأʵˣܹٶȻܶԷռλáҹδѡҲû⣬ֱӻܰ˸ʿеǿߣԪɵ
Ϊ֣ܶռλãǽֻǿʼ
ռλ֮ʣЩԪ᲻֣
Щʿ᲻֣
Щʿˣ
ûжˣû˵ģοʿʱصĵǾ
ԣҹδǣֶθɵһ˸Ԫǿһµ߸ԼɵδظԼ֡ҲϹӣҪҲұܿԼˡ


873 
űǣλ˵ҹδѾ뵽λ֮顣ȻҲʵйءҹδԼžԵģűûоԵġ
ǲ˶Լжٲ죬ڱֵʱȴֳһ־ģһǰơ
˵ٶȶ죬óԼٶȣöԷԼһǰҲǸԷѹڷɳĹУűҲҹδѡĶ֣΢һ£ҲͻȻҹδĴ㡣
Ȼնɱϵʿˣ
Ľдž壬ͬʱҲ¶˾ģֶνԼĶ֣˼ɵ
Լɳҹδ룬еǸʵǿĻԪһ˿мʶҹδ룬ܹ֪ҹδ䲻ȻҲ֪ԷǻԪԲȴϡ
Ϊʲô
һʿԪԲԼȴʶ;ԲĴڵʿǾŹǵıʿϾʿ
ʿо磬ʵѾǾŹǱʿĻԣȻмҲֻսϱҹδ룬սȴû˿ӣеĳ̳ǿܡ
ҹδ֮ľɿ̵ĹУ̳һǱͬʱŶԷһץͷпռ䡣ԲûãΪıֱֱĹ켣˷ʱ䡣
䡭
ǱͶԷĵײһǱ˶ԷĵȻܼȥ˰˳ɣǶȴŶԷײȥҹδͶԷľѾһ롣ϷʿæͷŷܵǱڷϣȻɢ
ǡ
пռȴѾǸʿʱҹδͶԷľѾֻʣ֮һҹδһա
䡭
пռ飬ռƬ֮꣬ռڵǸԪͬһСڻ𣬶ԼʹСС
䡭
ȴǱĿռûһƬ֫⣬ҹδѾվ֮ǰǸԪλϡ
ҹδɳ忪ʼռλýܹʱ䲻һϢΧǼԪûнעҹδϣҲΪҹδ뼴㲻ᱻҲˡǵעűϡ
˿ɶԴŵǿߣֱűԪʱҲɫʮѿнޱȡ
䡭
˫Ѿʼ֣µԪûг֣ھʿͻȻҲЭ飬ֻʿôԳеĵˣڶ࣬Ż֡
Ȼҹδ˳ʱ򣬵ֳĸʿǻԪԲʣµҲɽŽ䱸
Ȼ󡭡
ͻȻһϿյĸԪζһͣűǵˣҲһ١˵Ŀⶼҹδϡ
ҹδѾȵ֮ǰǸǿԪʿλϣ˿ҹδЩ˹ֵ
λҿռôλ𣿡
䡭
űӾзӦ˹Ƚˡ·ĸʿҲԼѡе˷˽ûѡҹδ롣
ֲ̫ˣ
ˣеİ˸ˣɱʣµˣһҹδ룬һǾҹδһʿڽ䱸ҹδ룬ȻҹδһͱʹҺ̬˭ȫţ
ҹδ뵹ǷǸʿֵҹδ룬γƺ
ǸȻһûмҹδ룬ȴҹδ밡ɱһϵˣû˵
һҹδ˼Ҳ͵ˡæֻ
Ϫ
ҹδĿʾǸϼⶫʲôʱܹɢ
Ϫʮֽ䱸ɫȴʮȣû֪
䡭
죬ű˶֣ռλáԪȻûȴҲˣûпűһۣԶɿȥҪһطˣȻűǰ׷ɱǣѱ˲ˡ
лĶӻԪɱűھŹҲ죬ļԪҲʶ˴˵ͷҲ˵ʵ˭һһֻҪʼձְ˸ˣøС
ҹδ˵ĳɹϵʿģʿŸոջȡλõűȴûһҹδ
û
˵ѾҹδǿƵһлɱԷǺҹδ룬Ҳû˸ǰҹδս
ϾܹԻԪΪսɱϵʿֻҹδһˡ
ҹδս
Ų
ҹδϾڿУһ߹עսԷͻȻԼһ߿Ǹϼţϼʧڵһֶȥ
䡭
ЩսʿûҹδʵҲûűʵ׷ױ˿У
һ£ϵʵˣеʿɴ뿪ʿûɱҹδߵϪʵ
ϵѣϼʧ֮¶һţǰ˸η䣿
еҹδŵ⣬зһЩҹδʣûжԵ˼뵽˷䡣һ£Щʿ϶ֳеЦݡϪæ
ϼʧһ˲䣬¶ܷ䣬ǰ˸˸һʱͿ˭صĶˣܹصģԼ
ҹδˣµĲʡ¶ٶȱض졣ÿֻԼ¶æԼ¶ķҲû¶ˡҪǱʿҪǷˡԣҲǱ˴ϵЩûߵʿעǼ©һз˸˵أǵĻᡣ
˸еÿˣԼľֳݡһݹע·ĵ棬طͻȻʿԼһݵطԼҵʿԼͻɱ֣ȻԺܵͣҲܲһݾǹעǸϼţʱ׼ط¶
εǣ֪ϼʱʧҲǰ׼ǰͷصĵȻϼʮ첻ʧԼĹ
Ǹʱͱˣ
۽⿴ҹδһۣ̾Ϣһ֮ǰҹδնɱϵϢԼжٻЩΪϵҹδŸҹδᡣҹδĺǿǿʲô̶Ȳ֪Լҹδ£߲ʮغϣ⻹Լ㹻׼ƾ
ڻǺϵȻһھŹǣڲھͱֳŹ̬ǿߣĻ
ǵͻ˺ϵ
ĽͷȣǸضһұضǴһҲضػ֣ôܲھŹǽһţ
ʮǰܹնɱϵһسڣӦܹնɱϵһڣ˰ɣ
ͻƺϵʲôʵ
᲻һͻƺϵܹսϵڣ
һһţŹ˱ضϡҪɱһˣʧپŹǵĺϵ
յĽֻɱʿţȴҹδˣǼֱǾŹǵجΡ
ԣѵİ취ǳûͻƺϵ㽫նɱڵҹδ룬ϵܹȵɱߵĻᶼûС
µû㱨ȻϱŹˡҲҪͻƺϵЩŹǵĴʿҲֻǼ˲ܹͻƣҴӻԪԲͻƺϵûиǧ꣬ǧ꣬ܡ¶֮Ҳü
䡭
ͻȻһ죬󾪡ôһʧĻᣬû뵽ϼʧˣ¶ˡ
ҹδȴһֱڹעǸϼ⣬ϼⱬ˲䣬ҹδͷĻͷпռ䡣Լ
пռһӾԼ߳¶µ¶ͬһҹδٶȼ죬硣
顱ؼĻϣֱҹδֽͷһпռ䣬һһпռ䣬е¶֣Ȼüкпռ䴩һ£㽫е¶ս˷
ɢȥпռ䣬ΧȥΧѾû¶ԶȴʿڷϿ¶¶߸˵ķ򣬻Ƕй¶ȥһЩ
ţ
˱ȻҲЩź˵ϲãջķᡣֻ飬һںڵġǸ©ȥ¶
ǲӦð
ʵͣô©ȥô࣬ˣ
ҹδҲûʣԼûйϵ߸Ԫ֣ȻŵȥŶĵǰ
ߣ
ѡһȥҹδһ߷ɣһ߽ʶ̽뵽Ĳ㣬ƮһЩ¶ҹδʶһɨ
߰ʮΣ
ջ񲻴
ҹδ鼫ã϶һȥʱѾף¶ƾľûʲôɿԡһɾˡ
ڼҲޣնɱûЩ޵ʬ塣ҹδѾˣ֮ǰЩûȫ¶ޣ齫ڵ¶˳֮󣬳Щ޵⣬бһζʿŸЧ


874 ϱ
ȻҹδûʲôЧˣǶԵԪŲĸЧԻܵȾĸЧ󡣱ϾЩ޵ڶٶѾһЩ¶ıǵĸǼ⡣ԣ˺ҹδ¶ͷԽԽС
ǣѾȫ¶ޣѾܴǵڽ¶ˡ޳ĳ̶ȺٶȸңѾʺϳˡԣҹδҲͰԼʮɱޣ˴ָУЩ޶ɱ˾ӣȡ
ռЩѪҺ¶ĹУųѪҺĩ񶼶ѻ˷㣬ЩѪҺĩҹδоƷĺòϣˮ֮󣬵īķɡ
Σҹδ뻳Щĩֻܹҹδ̫ͨ׼ȥо
ˣ
Ŷĵĺҹδ̧ͷȥԶֳһЩʿʿֻ࣬мʮڰһϼ⣬ϼⲻֻȭͷСʱҹδѾ˾飬²ϼӦٶ¶ģʱֻһʿǸϼ֮£һȡԼĻԪԲʿ
ԣǼʮʿǻԪԲҲԣǼʮʿӦѾΧǸʿһΣֹһΡΪǼʮʿеİ˳϶ˡϻʮʬ壬ҹδŻ˽ŲһǱ߿һɨϵǼʮˣ΢΢ҡͷ
Ǽʮʿ˵ǻԪԲˣǻԪҲֻԪҲ࣬һЩܵΪһԪԲ
ҲǸԪԲҪʡʵԷʵǿʿǸԪԲЩ˸ɱˡ
ʱеǸʿҲĿҹδŶģҹδĿǸԪʿײ룬ܹõ¶ãµõһЩǸʿ֣ͬʱ¶ԪԲϢ
λѣƽ֣ɺã
еǸԪһ˿ɵиǲġٶ¶ֳһ룬һʮ࣬⻹ص㣬صǣ·Ů޻᲻ֻһ̽
ԼӦˣʾ·ǸŮ޻᲻ặȻԼ
ʾ
˲˾һ
ҹδɫһͣƽȻ̸£Ǿɱˡ
ҹδھŹȫ޹˼ɵģûһʶҲûһѣɱû˿鲽һһŰеǸԪԲȥ
ǻԪԲҲüĻн䡣ҹδһ˾ȻǽޣһӵнĽޡǽֻ˲γһӣͬٲңҹδȻ
͡
ҹδüҲԵķ룬ͬһʰ쵵ĽӣӭŴĽӣϡ
ϡ
ڰײ֣ȻǻԪʿĽӱ
ǻԪʿ󾪣ҪܣȻֽһռ䣬Ϊռͷ𣬱ǿռ䱬飬ĿռƬɱ
䡭
һ淽ƣžֳΪΧ壬ֵĿռ䡣
ת˲֮䣬ռƬһգǾҲֻʣһǣܼķѾûţžֵʱ䣬Ѿ׼˫춯ΪģγһƬӣܼķ뵽֮Уû
һӦԣոջһ˿һӰѾϷҹδ룬һͷն
ǻԪ˫һ̧Σͬҹδצײȥ
͡
ˮն÷飬ն蹵һϵ۷һԪĵֵܹ
͡
ǸԪһն룬ʬŵ׹䡣ҹδһץ㽫ǸƣжԷָϵĴָץ˹ս˷Ȼ鸡ڿС
һƬž
Ƭ֮еʿֱ뿪ֻʣ¼ʿԶԶعۿȴż©Ļᡣ
Ŷķһ
һʱ֮ϼʧ¶䡣һֻ޷סеķ˲׽˲ٵΣվмʮη˳ȥʿ֮Զݣҹδ׷ɱǡ
ҹδҲû׷ɱǣֵáЩ˶ŲͬķߣҲܶץס
ҹδŶ뿪ˣһȥƽԭѾɱ˾ųɣŹһϵһЩԪʿʼеʿû˸ҷԾŹȻ
ҹδҲûзȻǸϵдһ£ǰסԼеͷʱ˼ңǲд裬ŹˡŶĴȥ
֮ҹδ뷵˲׺ڵķΧҹδŶķֿˣһˣϥ룬׺ڶ˵ʲôʱԼͻᱻΧɱϾԼǾŹǵˡҲ֤Լʲô顣
ŶΪһԪȫû⣬Ϊһĸ߲㣬Ҳȫû⡣
Ŷһ£û뵽ŶĻȻֶʦȴҲƷ͡Ҳǣ˶Щ߲㲻ܲѧһЩˣŶľ;ھҹδķУһС̡
Сһ̣ĵҩƷеȾͿԡΪҹδռϢ磬һʲôŹǵĴ£߶ҹδ벻Ϣһʱ֪ͨҹδ롣
ŶҲ˲ٵ¶Ŷ͸ҹδ룬ҹδûҪԵľġҹδ뻹ŶһЩԴ
ŶĶҹδ볹ء
ҹδصԼסׯ԰һƬ˼ʮ꣬һֻķϵĸоҹδҲûʰصԼķ䣬ͷŵԼķ˲ʰһ£뵽Ĳ㣬ʼһ߽¶װƿһ㡣
ʱ䣬ҹδ˴¶Ϊƽԭûкϵʿֵ£ǻȺֻҪ¶ҲҪһһװƿȻ˽¶
ҹδƽԭɱ˼ʮޣ¶ȴû¶ֺĶࡣЩ¶ԽԽСΪɱԽ¶Խ࣬ľԽСˣĴСĻҲţš
һʾ޴Դ㹻ҹδʹúܾãҹδЩ¶ҲܸߣϣܹЩ¶ǳĹܳ
ҹδ뿪ʼչأһһ¶ڸıԼı壬ıԼĵԪܺǳĺ
Źɽ
Źˡ
ڴ˼վھŹ´ڣʱڴʮϵʿһ˼ЩվʱؽĿһϵĺϵʿ
λϵʿڵһλ̫ϳϣǧǰͻƺϵ˾ŹǱޡصţԼĵһ˵ŵ̫ϳϻ㱨̫ϳϱǰŹλϡ
ڿɲһλ̫ϳϣʮλ֮࣬Ϊ͵ġ˱˾Źˣλīˮ̫ϳϣīˮ˵һ飬īˮ㽫»㱨ֵ

Ź˵ģΪûԸǸʱ;
ľŹһϵأڡīˮԣٿλ䡣ʱʮϵʿлŲΪȻġҹδ֣Ǳ˵ٿˣֱӰ˸ߡ
һԪĶȥ
ҪŹ˳
Ǽֲͽˣ
ҹδ벻һŹϵĻԪȥˣоŹǵʿǻԪԲҲܶ࣬Ƕ֪ǵ֣ҹδ벻һΪҹδɱϵʿһսıơʱǻ̸۹ҹδ롣˵ҹδȻǻԪʵƺǿˡ
һϵЩɣòɡһԪԲܹɱһϵһسڣѾǼˣӦûŵǸϵӵڡ˵ȫô¶㿪ʵ
˵ڵҹδܹնɱϵһڣ
ɫΪֻǵӵĴУԵӿҹδҲնɱϵһԲʵ
һ£ĺϵʼˡ
ôܣ
治Ѻϵˣ
һϵһʿնɱһϵʿҲɣΪҶںϵͬһСе˾츳ãȻǺϵĳ˵ĵһЩһЩһЩԪһЩⶼԽս̶նɱԷء
ûʲôֵġ
ǻԪͺϵͲͬˣͬľ磬֮ź蹵Ĳࡣ
ϵʿʹȫλԽԪ
ٶȣȡܵٶȾǻԪʿ屶ϡ
ʲô
ǻԪʿͷһʱ䣬ϵʿѾͷˡ


875 
⻹ô
ƾٶȣҲѻԪˡ
ܣϵʿͷŵܣҲҪȻԪʿ屶ϡ
ٶȺܶǻԪ屶ѹҲΪʲôŹһ仰
ϵ֮½ϡ
ȻٶȺܶ屶ϸϽʿԼ
ȷ˵īˮͻƺϵ֮󣬽ȡ֮ٶȺܶԼڻԪԲ֮ʱ屶ǲζžǱĻԪԲʿ屶ÿ˵ĸ츳ǲͬģҲīˮͻƺϵ֮ȡܺٶһԪԲ߱Ҳֻı
ҲͬһʿΪʲôиֵ֮ԭ
ǣ˵ϵͻԪŷˮģԱǿԪʿġҲһҲΪʲôھŹǲ֪ʷУûлԪʿɱϵʿ鷢
ΪԪԲ츳ԶߣҲǸϵ츳ԶͣǿԪԲϵһسȣϵʿٶȺϣҲһĲࡣ
һĲ࣬Ҳ˵ԪԲͷһϵʿܹͷÿܶǿһ
û򣬻ᱻϵʿŰ
ȻǸԪԲߵϣģǸϵɱǸԪҲףȴԲᱻԪԲɱռݵһǾơ
ҹδնɱϵһسڣб϶ҹδӦñǿԪټǸϵӦô֮ģҹδҵ˻ᣬնɱϵΪҹδٴսһϵһسڣûնɱԷĻᣬضᱻϵܣΪкϵ
ǣţȴҹδʵնɱϵһسڣпնɱϵһ۷塣
л֮࣬Ҳ
һҪأ
һͻ˺ϵֻһأ¶ܹͺϵ۷嶷һ˰ɣ
ǰ㣬ǸʱҹδĸԸһɢޣ
᲻ţڵʿ
Ǹʱ򣬼㽫ҹδǸŸˣŹ˿ҲҪƵ
ѵİ취Ȼھɱҹδ룬ҲûԺΣա
һΣնɱҡ档
īˮ˼Ƭ̵²ǲж󣬵ҹδնɱϵȴʵûôΣҹδҲһǿԪһأ
ο
˸ŹâҹδȻŸʵ²츳ԸߣĹӦ֮
ںϵ۾ǺϵҲ׷Ǿ̤ϵԲ̶ǴﵽϵԲѡойԭ򡣾ŹҲоҲиЧīˮԣҹδĹ
кϵ϶ʧɢɫīˮ˵
˻׽ҹδɡ
һϵڵɱҹδףҪ׽ȴѡɳȥˣΪҪںϵڣҲһˡ
ǾȥɡҹδǿҲֻһԪԲһϵڣɱϵڣԻ׽
˭ȥ
˼Ҽǵɺ˷ֱǰǰͻƵĺϵءȥɣҲǶǵһ
ںϵ׷׵ͷ
׺ڽ
ҹ
ҹδ۾ԼѾ죬õ¶ȴ򡣷Ԫͱһ
Ϊλˣ
ҵıѾﵽ˺ϵ۷壬ԪҲת˴Լǧ֮һ⵼ҸףΪȴ˼ѣ
˼Ƭ̣ҹδһ
Ӧҵĵ⣬ֱӺ͵йءҲ˵ҵıԪ̤˺ϵ򣬵ǵȴǻԪȻѡ
ҹδоԼճأҲǲֻЧǳĲΪԴڡ
βܹ
ҹδϸϸ˼ȻһԼռڿһܳĿռ䣬ǸռԵǸƺϵʿͷ­ϻõġͷ­õܿռ䣬᲻ڵģ
ǲܹ
뵱Ǹռ䣬ֲˡԼѾﵽԪԲӦܹ˰ɣ
ҲӦܹ˰ɣ
ⲻûеҹδϻ˱ԪתҲܹͷ­õת
ҹδʶ뵽ռ䣬̧ͷ˿ڰеǸԲȻ˽ȥ
ҹδоһϲνռ䣬Ȼû˲ѣεףܹ֪Ԫʧ÷ɿ졣ҲģռڣһԪСֻҪԶԶϵسȡǸСͿάԼġ
ҹδ֮УռܳģܱĹ̡ȻǸԴټܣҹδڿʼһ˿
ռڵʱǾֹģȴʵʵڵģռԪСڲϵСһֱԪСһβʣҹδڸоѣΣʶڵĵԪѾά
ҹδռ˳ǾϲԼĵȻֵ˱仯һζ
һϣ
Ȼֻһ˿˿ȴζʵķԾ
ǣʱѾ˲Щ̿ʼʳ¶ָԼĸɾԪʱ䣬ҹδŽԼ״ָ̬۷塣
һΣûٽռ䡣
һռڵԪɺˣĿǰڵЩԪάֲ١һ棬оԼҪ֮ǰ򣬽ʵ
ҹδ۾ʼĹнһ
أоԼĸ֪ΧĹУſ飬ԼϽ뵽̤ϵϵĵһҹδ֮УȻȻ˽
ĸ֪Ѹٵӣֶĸ֪ʶӣȴʶĹ۲Ϊҹδָ֪ķΧڲϵҹȻչ˳ǳأʿ߷У۵Ҳ˸ֽ̣ף̶չ˲׺ڣ̶Χ֪չ
Ȼ䣬ҹδһĸ֪Уʿ̤ƶУٶ죬ҹδʯʱҲ˲Ρ
ǺϵϢ
ҹδֲûϵʿܣԺϵʿϢȻϤʿڷеĹУȻɢϵϢҹδ벻֪
ʿɲһĺϵ֮ǰԼɱǸϵǿ̫࣬ҪȲ׺ǸϵȳüҪǿ
ҹδھŹǵ˽⣬ⲻĳŵĺϵʿضԾŹ˵ʿŹʿײɽԼսϵʿƽԭ¶ûŹ˵ʿɽ
ϵʿΪˣ
׺Ӧûзʲô£ˣŶӦ֪ͨԼ
ҹδһ
Ϊģ
Ϊʲô
ҹδʱ״̬ķſգӶʶϵûи֪˹עֱŲ׺ڷȥֱӱҹδȥһ棬ǲ֪ҹδסһ棬֪һƻԺǿ
ϾŹҹδʵǿܹҹδ˻׽ҹδҲһ㻹ûСԣȥҲ׺ڵĹȳü׺ںҹδ벻ദúǢ
ò׺ҹδ뷢룬ҹδضӦԼһ׺ڣϹȳüضܹСĶ˲׽ҹδ롣ڲ׺ڣֳĶҲС
ҹδо˺ܿǳԼģȻ֪ΪʲôһȴκνѸٵشѹΧʸˣϵ˶ǲ׺ڵˣûпԼֻҪԼһ߳ţضͻᱻӣϾһֵˣԼһˡ
ԣҹδûдӵ߳ţ˲صףʩչжԶݶȥ
˲Ϣ֮䣬ȥδӵһһƬ֮䡣Ѹٵػһ·ıòǿһһ˿϶ԼϢ䡣ȻŶٶȷȥ
׺ڽ򶫷ǧ֮⣬һƬҹδ룬ϵĳԼģԼʧˣضΪԼȺ֮УҲɽַأһ޼ʣûڵĴ󺣡ԣᶨŴ󺣷ȥ
׺ڡ
ԾŹˣҲӲ׺ڡ׺ڿǾŹһţ˼ҲھŹˡԣɰչصɽţŲ׺ڵͨȻȳüԳӭӣҲվɽſ˵Ҳûôҹδ붼ڲ׺߼ʮˣҲһ
Ҹ·ԼʱҪַȡ
ԾŹ˵Ĵʿ
ԣλƵ˹ȳüĶٺƬ̣ȵ˵ŹĿ֮ʱҹδѾ˴󺣡
̲󺣣һ޼ʣҹδֱ֪УɹƬ󺣣ᵽһƬ½ء׳ĺҹδûзųǸǼʷۣҲûΪĻ̫ۣ˵ͻᱻϵʿ֡뺣ʮ׵ĸ߶ȣԼΪǰС


876 ͷ
ʵϣˣΪеٶҲǼ졣۶Σֻܹģһߡ˵ȱ㣬ķǳ󡣱ҹδΪ˼޵ٶȷɣҲά죬Ͳòٶȡ
ֿԽ󺣵ķУҹδ벢İ֮ǰҲֹһ顣ƫʧ˷ҲԼľʧء
ǵģľʧء
һ죬Ǳ̺ĿռڣûһˣûԵı־˵ĸо·һֱͬһֻ·УʿľãʱԽԽʿľ
ҪһֱȷķҲסżǿĺ޳֣ںͺ޵ɱУƫ뷽նɱ֮Ҫ±
ǣڴУǶʿϾ顣
һɾ͹ȥһ£Ժ޵գҹδûе¡ֿķУȴҹδиֳһ˿ꡣ
տʼʱܹȥҺޣͨɱƽϢԼľеһ˿꣬˺ɱҲһֿԽеķꡣ
ûнİ취
У
ֻҪҹδռڣֻһʱ䣬Ȼָǿеʱ򣬾ֶΰľеķꡣǣҹδûַ
ǿУҹδ벻֪ԼҪãֱҪԼ۷ľ޵ĥ¡ﲻǿգֻǾŹϵһƬ󺣣֪ĿĵأҪּ޵ĥ£ԼľϻͻơһͻƣôԶ׼ģԺԼǿУĸá
ְºҹδ붸ȻԼľƽ֪ԼͻһϣľԼΣ֮ʣּȵ侲ôȻΣޡХֱȥ
ֹȥһ࣬ҹδ뿴˺ߣ֪ԼڵĽΧ֮ڡ
νڵĽΧֻһţΧڣûһţСźļ塣ֻƬΧڵϴ
̤˺ҹδ׼Ѱһط΢һ£ٴ̡׼֮ǰڲ׺ǰ㣬һطչء׼Ĵ
УѰһطչһʱ䡣ûУͼҪַͨʽԼǷܹƺϵ
Ϊ֮ǰıճأûԼͻƺϵ
֮߰⣬СҹδС϶ʮ죬ָһƣرϵƣٴ̡ûٷ¶ûĸоʳ¶һ˷ѡ
Լʱ䣬ڻûҪ˼µİ취ˡ׼ϵôͻƵģ
οûй

ҹδһǳ󣬺һǿĹŹϵЩǳҲΪ̫߼һܹġĿǰΪֹҲӦ˶ѡѸ򻯳ֹǷܲأƱ䡣
ǣҹδΪоֹǰ޵ĶһЩʿ˵ҪҲܸߡҲΪʲôֻǳôԪʿԭܹıٴһЩͨһЩضܹʿϻԪǳϺϵȻĻսͻƾס
Լûֹ
У
ҹδ԰ԼǳҪȵЩЩܶ࣬ԼȺ飬ҲЩʿࡣϾԼΪԣԼܹġֱܹͨԪĹǷܹﵽϵͲˣΪҹδڶǺϵ
ҹδȴţӦܹǳͻƺϵ
ôԼǸ֣
ҹδһߣһ˼۾ͻȻһ
У
Լе׵ķеķԼԴֱֹǽľˮÿܴ⣬ظֱͨ
ؼǣһԼֹܳԼżĸá˵ڴֹɹ֮գԼͻƺϵ֮ʱ
ҹδĿ꣬ʼһߣһܹҪеÿһ򵽼¡
ʱľŹ´ڣһٿ˻䡣
Ϊϵڴʿ˿ˣҹδǱߵһ£ȷҹδ볹ʧˡԣɺˡ
īˮ˼ûаֱͣӾȥ˲׺ڣ
ǣǸûоκˣڲ׺ɽŵݳ˰Ҳֻ˵Ͳ׺Ǻѣû˵͹ȳüĺѣǰݼ׺ԣԲ˷Ǻϵʿ
ֳĬ죬ڿڵǺ͹ȳüϺ󣬹ȳüȥҹδ룬ȻͷҹδѾʧˣ
ԣȻҲûȥҹδ´ݾߡֲ׺Ǹӣҹδ븮еȺҹδ룬Ⱥ˰£ҹδӰǰҲûҵҹδӰƺҹδ뿪ˡ
ǣ뿪ЩΪ֮ǰļ뿪ǹشӴ뿪ֶǲ׺ڵˣֻҪ뿪ǰ컹ϣضᱻ֡ȴû˷ҹδ뿪ˣҹδ벻˷뿪Ϊʲô룬Ҿ벻ˡǣԲǷǡ
˵ҹδܿΪĳԸ֪뿪ˡ
Ӧ
ô죿
ҲǴ£ֻʱҹδӹһ١ڵ˵Ʋȷҹδûز׺Ǳߣò׺Ǳһֱעˡҹδȥж
Ҳֻ취ˡ
˷׷׵ͷֻһ취Ź̫ˣһھŹǣͬһˮӽ˴󺣣ȥ
ڣ˵ϳûҵ
¾ô֮ΪҶ֪ȱľʱ䡣ҲŸҹδ뼸ǧʱ䣬ܹͻƺϵֻҪʱ乻ãҵҹδʱ
ҹδ뿪ʼҲУ𽥿ʼ˽Źǣ˾ŹǣĿΪֹѾȫһʿ
ҴʮȥҹδܵĹЧ
ϾȺ飬ϾһԪԲʿʮʱ䣬ûһȥܣԹһܡ
Уܣܹ໥ٶȸһЩ
ʮʱ䣬ֱԵĹܵ۶ľ硣Ҳ˵ܳĹѾ۶ҪͻܵĹ
ֱֹȡֱֺ֣Ӽ򵥡ֱ
𾭣ľˮ𾭺
ܸˣҲʧΪȻֹȴƺԼͻƺϵû˿
ҲΪľ绹Ͱɣ
ҹδаҾͲţҽֹܹܵԪ磬һûа
ҹδͨʮܹҲʶ˴һֹļѡԪʿľ磬Ⱥ飬ʮʱ䣬ȻŽֹܵ۶ɼһֹжôѡ
һֹ֮ܵǰǼ򵥵ģԽԽѡҹδѾԤҪʮʱ䣬ֹԪ磬Ǹܡ
Լµİʱ䣬Щ뵱ȻˡҹδҲ٣ȱľʱ䣬ʱ䲻ãǾʱ¡

ҹδ΢΢üͷȻԼڴĹǳšǱϾûоʵļ飬һĳɹضҪġ
ԼҪҪռӣڸǣǵСһ£
ҹδӣֱڸֹһ¡Ȼ֪һԼĹ⣬ӾͷˡԼĹû⡣⹦ôڸڵĵӣǻþŹǵ顣
ʱһһꡣ
죬ǾŹĴ֮һڿɽͽ֮աڴ⣬ۼӡÿӵжͷſΡ
ܹ£νһһڣֻҪڣ߾Źǣᱻ߿һۡ
Ǵŵ
յӵĳܼ򵥣ҹδûʲôҹδھ֮һɽϣɽǰΪԪ˫˫侳Ҳͣ
еİǰ˵ڽտɽͽ˴˴ҪԼǷܹЩ˵УӡֻǰӵƷֲҪǶ츳ֻҪܹУؼǣҪľˮֵһԵĵӡյӵĵһ򣬾ɽʡֻʷϵģŻͨɸѡѡеʿɽŽеڶˡ
ڻ᲻ǵӻᷢڶ쾵ڿ϶ⷽıὫӵݲ
ҹδںڶĿˣֻҪݵһˣѡĵӾͿԡ
ԣ˰֮ɽϣ۲ӡΪ磬Ŀ


877 ͽ
ɽǰվһǧʿÿʿһߣ߱ǲķֻҪǰҪɽŵĵӣסߣ߾ͻֳǷӵǣԼǵʡ
һǰһڵʿ˷ĺȣƷǣͨ
Ʒǣ̭
Ʒǣ̭

Ʒǣͨ
ɽϵҹδһӣͽı׼ǹߵģҲҪƷǡ
룬ͽƷҲҪû̴Щ̭ĵѡΪ֪ЩƷǵĵͨ˵һ֣ȴζܹڡ˻еڶֵ֣ȵȣƱػٴˢһƷǵĵӡԼĹܹһЩĽҲܹһЩ
ԣҹδھĵȡ
ֻмˣȴһǧʿǣԲԵķǳ죬һʱɸѡϡԼǰ˵ĵӣȴнͨ˿ˣҹδ벻ľ
̭̫ˡ
Ҫ֪Щͨһ˵ĵӣҲƷǣƷǡˣнƷǣҲ̫ˡ
ѵǾŹȫԭ
ԾŹϳˣҲܺãΪЩ˶ɽ
ԣ
̭
˵ûǾŹϳˣʸߡֲʿ޷ŹǱʵǾŹǵ˾ŹǱǿ
ҹδԭлҪڽھŹǽһڡǴʱȴϢ˼һߵṷ̋Ʒǵĵӣһ˼ڣ˵Լɽδ
϶ҪһھŹȥҪɽھŹӵһ֮ء
ҹδ룬ǾֻнһˡˣҲһšԴͨпΪ
ҪһܹУҲضʮּѡҪԴΪ̣Ҫǿʵ򣬾ŹǲЩھŹǽУҲὫҹδ뽨иҡϾڲܽŵ£ʿĿⶼ׼С
ǿ϶ѣȴڱСҹδҲһУƾһ˿϶СҵԴµȵĿҪڵ¹򣬶Ҫרҵ˲šɽ飬Ҫȥ֯һ
֪УʼƷǵĵӱ̭ˣһɥ˳ҹδɰ֮⣬㽫ʶ̽˹ȥÿһʶ̽飬ڹϵƵ˽⣬˲ܹĸڵǡ
ÿӶһ߼ҳͬڰοЩɥĵӡֵӾͱȽ鷳ΪżҳԣҹδֱųЩӡ֮ǰһЩǰĵӡĿЩӵС
ЩӵĴͷǳͨһ˼ңûмҳͬ鷳¶Ҳ١ҹδЩǰĵУҵһǵĵӣʶ
Сɽ¡
Ǹ϶ʱֳ֮ɫĿСɽһۣȻȺһ֮ҹδҡҡͷԷðգҲûбҪǿȻֻҪƷҲһԵ
ȻҹδַһȥǸ˵ǵӽϴ󣬵ȴֱӱ෴ķȥ

ҹδһӣȻƣҲ֪ѰͻȻҪڸ֮һʶ˶֣Ҫǲɣ壬Ƿҹδ벻ȻʧЦҲ֪Լ쾿ܲյĵӣ
յĽҹδġϾھŹ磬û˲ɣΪɵѹеľ壬Сɽ
ǱҹδȺУҲȺڣŲɫǺܽҹδѾʶ̽ӵǻǲģƷǣֻЩʶ̽ҹδ룬ΪӪ
ʮ꣬СꡣȱеһŮޣֻ꣬Ҳûֻ֣֪Լ椡һ¶ؤؤ֮ǰ鶼ѾǵˡȵӾȫҹδѯһ飬˶ǹ¶ؤҾΧ֡ҲҹδףΪʲôӿ
һСĲȫڶԭؤһڷ˰죬еηֲҵһܹԷĵطҹδϽضܷԣеηͻһЩ
ĵӣЩ˲ؤڲҪǣƷǵʣҲȥһСšӲУ̫СӪŶڽԶǵʸ߲ԣһҪǣֻΧ֡
Ҳ֪ʲôʱ򣬾ͻΪĳԭˡ߽һȵԼһЩܹȥͶԶšһһܹߵϾŹ޺ܶ࣬ǵС˵ˣҰҲвŴڰϾͱҰ޸ˡ
Щԭҹδߡ
ҹδ뵹ǺܸˣƷѾ㹻ˡӪ⣬ҹδڣǸ⡣û֡ҹδɴǷֱһ֡Ҳܼ򵥣䡣
ҹһҹҹ塣
ҹһҹҹкҹҹŮ
ʱվҹδǰӵؿҹδ롣ҹδɷеĿ־彵Ͳ١
࡭
ӶӶĹУҹδҲЩͷۡڵһǴǹҪȽӵáĵɲʲôҩҺˡҪǳԷ֮ܳĶǻӳܲסԣϴƽԭɱޣͲҸǳԡ÷ʳǵú
Ǳ̭ҪԭԲҹδ뿼һ£ӵӦеƫ£̭ҲҹδȴǵԲǾеƫ¡ּ£ʮԣֳܹҲͲˡŲ벻һ㣬ƷǣڱضһЩֻƷǣ̭Ҳ̭ˡ
Ϊʦ߰ɡ
ҹδ֪ɽʮ֮⣬һСӡҲֻˡСӵķȥȻꤣΪؤǳ£Ե̵ܹסСȣ˺档ΪѾʮҹһӴһЩ
ʵϣؤûеСġСô֣
ʦҹһҹδȥҴ𣿡
ţǽޣҹһ֪Ҵ壿
ţȥֹ
ʦҲȥ
ʦҲȥ

ҹδ̾Ϣһɽȱ֪ʲôʱ򣬸ĸˣǱɱǱ޳ԵӣԼܹųĿҲߡ
ԺǾͲˡ
һԺˣӶ˿־壬ǺӣֻҪ˶ǵ̬ºһЩǾͻо׽ߴߴ
ʦԺܳԱ𣿡
ܣ
ʦ̸𣿡
ᣡ
ǽҲܹ𣿡
ܣҪԿ࣬ܳԿ𣿡
ʦܣ
ʦҲܣ
ʦҲ³Կࡣ
˭ʶ𣿡
ʶ
Ǿʹʶֿʼ
һӾ˷ǿܹʶ־һҫ顣ʮ·ҹδ˵Ҳһ˲ʱ䣬ǶӣȴҹδûдǷɣǶ־һˡ飬û־޲á
һߣߵ磬˲Ž뵽Ҵ塣ҹδҴž衣ʯ£һж⡣ҹδһСԺֹһЩʳ߲ˣȻˮӽԼϴˢɾӳڱǵЩ·Ѿҹδˡ
ҹδȡԼ·ʼ·ﵽ⣬·һ㣬ľڷɣҹδʶߡڱ棬¶СԴɵˡʱʱ䣬ӾʹԼ·Ժı
ҹδ뿪ʼȺǳ극֮ҹδ뿪ʼ֡
һҹҹδ뿪ֻ̫һСӣܶ鲻㡣ҹδ׼ȥֳ֮ǡ
ֳڽĴǣȻҲڣֳǧˣ뵽ֳǣͬһˮ󺣡
ҹδ벻ֳǴܾãڲʺϴӼȽǵá
·Ҳ˽ʮ죬ڼŲСӺӿԽޡ뵽ֳ֮ԱѾָɵĺӶۡ
ҹδֳһԺӣʱֳڶӶһˣҹδÿ˴֣Ǽֹĺ


878 ˮ
ҹδƽһ¹ȥѾ˲֣֪˲̺ĺ塣ѾȫָͷߵĲ١
ҹδ뿪ʼڸײĹ
壡
ʱҹδϴŵĶóһЩҩҺӡҹδлǼڿԼܹǷƣԣÿͽӲ£ؿǱˣٶˣӿˡÿ춼ᾫƣߣ޲ˡǱҩҺݹ֮󣬵ڶ
Ҳ֮ǰؤһ˶ҪǿܶࡣӲؼסˡҹδҲֳڹһЩ޵⣬ӳԡȻÿٷΪҲֻܹһС飬磬Чܴ
ÿ춼ŴҩҺԣҹδԪʿָ㣬˵ЩڵµӣûһԺΪΣⲻ˵ǾĿǰ˵ҹһ˵ٶȣԶЩӣЩڵĵӣԶԶ˦˺档
ҹδҲǵһδڵӣŷḻľ顣̶̵£ӱȺԲҹδȺڸӲͬĹĽľˮ徭ʱ徭ҹδѾܵܵܡ
ҹδÿ춼ʶϸ۲ӣԴӦԼĹûв֮˵ٻŵ΢С覴ãⲻ㲻ףЩ覴ãҲʿֻٶȣսܵȵ΢Ӱ졣
ҹδ뷢֮Ȼ覴ãϸϸ֮󣬱㽫Щ覴øùøƣӵһǧ

Ⱥ󶼽ͨȻͬ״ͬһ˿֮Уһȥͣˣҹδ뿪ֳǣٴοʼ֮áڵӶ;ϡҳ˸ӽ徭֮⣬Ҳÿӵԣڸ似
ڼҲڼܹҲڼÿҹδͻȻ򣬱һУչһʱ䡣ҹδ״£ȻûмҩҺǵҩȴûжϹҲܹԣһƬ٣Ϊÿ춼
ֻǣÿһʱ䣬ǵʦͻὫǷŽ˵ҪųΪԵĵҩ٣µʡҲȷʵоÿΰ֮ͻоͨ͸ʱٶԻһʱҲоܹΪǴ壬ǵһֱΪǰ档
̫ʹˣֻҲ˿̬ȣΪ֪ʦǺܺãչ˵΢־ľشΪṩֹ͵ҩԼʲô⣬ϵģģʱʣʦҲͰ
ǣʦƶ򣬱ɡΥ߸ԹԣӭʦΪĳͷԣǵСУʦżΪİη塣û˶ڰаԹԡ
ҹδȫһʱ߷ʱɽ֡ҰޣθҰ޵ޣ֮ģնɱȻԺΪˣǳԡӵҲ췭ظı仯ҲҲһ˿ųҹδֶ飬Ҳһ˿ԸҲͬ˳Ȳ١
һա
ҹδӣ߳ɽһˮǵСǣҹδ׼ˮǶݵ졣ʱҲ˿ڣʼͨ
ӵ츳Զֶ࣬ҹδԵĹ㹻ĵҩԡ

ѾˣǵΪ磬֧ǳˡֻÿٲܳԶ࣬ǶǵȴżĸЧ
Ӷѧҹδ봫ڸ֮иԼԵĽ
ҹδ벻ںʯֻ׼죬ҲһԺ䣬ֻҪ㹻ʯһж⡣
ÿ·һأҹδһҪġҲ⣬ȻõһϢ
ֻһСǣȴɷ硣ÿ궼ȫǴȡֳɸ磬оʺӵĿξҲߣΪСǵĳҲСһ峤Ҳֻһܵʿ
ѯһСǴҲӭ·ʿμӴȣַˮǵıʿܹʶĸɺʵò˵۽粻ǳ
ȻнǵûзҹδԼȥμӴȣΪԼӦһº˽սԼӣܹΧɱˡһɱ˲٣ȴûкʿ֡
һ˵Ӷ˷ǶԼսʵûһ֪ΪǴûк˴ܹʿ֣β˷ܣ
ҹδȥȻͿԼ̨Ϻɨͬʿ
Ǻɨҹδ봴Ĺҹδ״֮ȱԴһ壬˵ҹδ뽫ӵ忪˼¡ѧϰҲǱҹδнսǿ
ҲǵʺԣڽΪϻͬˡͬʿеսȴڱˣ쳣ǿ
һȣҹδӣûˡСԭʹڱԵشɭ֮⣬ˡ۽磬飬似ءȫֵסСӵĺɨ
ҹδʱλܵʿԶͬ£ڹϯϣһߺȲ裬һ߹ۿԱ߻ˮǵĸ峤
ҹǰĵӻԶĿ͵̨սҹ
Ĵȣ˺𣿡
ԶЦҵƫƧСǣλʿżҲˡҲѵõĻᣬЩʿܹӵһκʿдĻᣬһЩʶ
ҹδͷΧûǿԽĵȥţӦø󡣡
ԶҲ̫ƫƧһЩڣֻһСţȴҲ֮⡣ȻҲȥڣҲӦÿǰۿǵĴȣѡһӽڡ
ֻһ
ţ⻹һأҪĵӲУһҲա
û
͵ˣʿͨñȽǵ˵ǰЩƴֻۣ󼸳ˡ
ҹδͷʵҲˡҹδ뿴ˮЩʿĹͼ似͵ӣûʲôɿģһĥˡ
Լ²ҹδ벻ҡͷֲεĶ֣Լܺɨǲ֡ԼӵɫǽˡԼôȥһЩطǺֽ֣ͬԼʵ
ա
ڹϯЩĵҹδ룬ȻĿ˿СʱԶҲæվֳ֮ɫ
ˡ
һģʿʱƮ䣬ƮƮϣõϵˣһĽϯϵҲվֻҹδȵϣ΢΢ҡҡͷ
ôˣһܵڵʵһ㣬֪ǵʲôΪ
Ǹʿ˹ϯϣԶæʩ񣺡ʦ֡
޵ͷĿҹδϡʵҹδ̫⣬˶վţֻšԶæܵ
ʦ֣λҹδǰŵķżȻ·ˮǣøϱǴȣĵӲμӡҹǰλڵޡ
ɫһ䣬ܵԶҲܹܵԶΪǰǱضΪ¹ʩ
ҹǰ
ҹδͷɡ
лǰ
ҹδ룬ޣұǷԶ޺Ц֪ҹǰĵλ
һҸղãǿ
һԵķԶæڵҹǰǲÿһɨǵĵӡ
ƲƲ죬ɨСǵĵӣǺ
ҹǰοп֮ģ
ʵϣҲǹˮٽɽڵԴȡÿһÿ궼һΣĵӣ
˵ĵӣǽΪõĵӣڿϽԴķϣˡʮ꣬궼ˮǵʿϤˣûֵŵĵˡˣξһӶȣЩôͻšȴû뵽ҹδ뾹Ȼͷ
һӡ
ɫһ㣬ҲЩСƳǣ̫Ϥˣÿ궼ȣﻹʲôӣ
Ҳûи¶˿ֵǰָ㡣
ҹδ⼸ڹϯеģʶȥ̽ΧЩڣȻһЩģȥ̽飬̽Щҵĺͯ˵̽鵽һǷǳãѾﵽƷеѡֻһһкʱ׵Ĳϣ˫ץ׵Դ̨Ϲۿҹδʾ
㿴Ǹһ࣬ײϵǸ𣿡


879 
оһû̽ôСˡڲһ࣬ȥż£ô̽飿
οҲû̽ĺֻͯۿ̨ϱƴЩˡǴʱҹδרŵбЩɣʱҹδ
ǸӵѾʮֽӽƷˡ
ʲô
вɴ󾪣ҲûǵʿҴͷųʶʼ̽ǸͯǡһԵķԶҲһģͯΪضͣ˵ܹڵĸ߲㣬Ļؽᷴչˮǡ
ջʶɫҹδЦô
ްסеļеת
ȻλҹǰָͯӦûǸͯΪӵ뷨ɣ
Լ͵͵ȥͽͺˡлǲȷֵ
ǰԽ𣿡
Ȼ顣⺢ӻСҲֻܹǺܺáԻǿǣԲһЩδҲ᲻
޵ͷɫӼܹȥһǵĵӣλȥضᱻŽ¶ԷԶ
ҾʹǸͯȥȥǵĹ
ԶҲϲлʦ֡⺢ӻʦԺչˣԵһݺ񡣡
޵ͷԼȥˮһĹЩҲûʲôתͷҹδ빰ֵ
ǰͣ
ҹδ룬ҲӦԼĵӼʶһţһСţͷ
Ҳã
Ǹͯȥڵ飬ȻɷԶȥ졣ҹδڹϯϹۿ޴ʱѾ֪ҹδĵӣӺɨӣȻӻֻǿڣȴܹǵѧ͵򵥣ҹδɫҲ͸𾴡̸֮䣬Ҳҹδ̽סҹδҲֻԵԼֻһɢޣ·ӡ
޲Ǻţҹδûе⣬Ҳȥʵס̸֮䣬ԼЩ̣ԭֻҪԵȴû뵽ҹδĽ⣬ȴȻʡ
һ۵ʶ˺ܶ࣬Ѿ϶ҹδҲһ˵ǻΪҹδǳéٿָоڵĹŵ˶ûݱ£жҹδҲӵ𾴺С
ڶ죬ҹδӣ޴Ǹһĺͯ뿪ˮǣǰڣҹδȻôӲУһƣ˷˿У޵ָ£ڷȥ
ӻǵһηɣʼվϣһЩ壬˷һָָ㣬ߴߴһ˿ɫ
ǰһδŵǷУ
ţҹδͷҲһ
в̾̾Ĳӣҹδ롣һʿȻܹźڵĵӲС
ǰڵӺܿذ
ҹδЦȻǣϣܹɾ͡
̸̸˵˵ҹδƵٶȣܿڵϿաڣ·ȥҹδĿһɨȷֻһţڴûУǵ˵ֻһܵڣҲ
̤ɽţʿϵʩҲֻǵͷ߲ԶӶһʿԶԶرЦ
ʦܣδˮǴôӣ
޼æʦ֣Ҵֻһһͯλҹǰҹǰĵӡ
ҲɵӣҲܵȻ޳ƺҹδΪǰҹδҲһ㼱æʩ
ܼǰ
ҹδͷȻһɿܷ𾪣̬𾴡˺棬һ·Ķ
ޱźͯǸҹδʩ񣺡ǰԺ󡣡
ҹδҲΪصͷֶܵķ羰һͬ޴Ҵҵؽ˶ֻǼϢʱ䣬ŵ˱ӶڳĿҹδ뼱ٵشһ£ƽʱĿۿǿҹδΪġҲҴ⣬ҹδ빰ֵ
ҹѡ
ҹδҲŵѡ
ҹѣ룡
ŵѣ룡
ҹδתͷһԼӣԹŵѲ⣬ҵתתɡ
Ȼ⡣ŻԼһӣͬҹδȥתת
ҹδ룬ţ޺ܽ뵽ڣͨҹδ֪ŸոͻֻһأҲֻ޺ܵ
ȻóȻȥҹδʲôΪȴ۵ʿһ۵Ǻ顣һ۵ܿͱķڷ֪ԼҹδĲ蹵ɫüΪ𾴵ͬʱҲüΪϲ
ܹõһָܵ㣬һӵһ׼õϯõĲ裬õдҹδ롣
ҹδҲͨǵĽΧ˸ӵ˽⣬ҲǵŸΪϸ˽⡣ҪԺУⶼǱزٵϻۡҺ˽Ҳһڽ׵Ķ
ȻСŵĽףҹδ϶ۡǽУȴض΢ĩ
ԣҹδ̬ȺܺͰҲָǰرǹŵˣоԼһֱѰٶõĴȻ⡣
ĵң⴫һ󼱴ٵĽŲȻͼŵĵӴҹδ˽ҹδɫΪӴʱףҹ·ЩһȳһաҹδʶһɨǷӲƤˣûʲô󰭡
һԵĹŵ˼ˣҪŭҹδ룬ںɣƾҹδһˣܹڸˡȵ
ô£úôҹǰĵӹţģ
ǸһĿɬӴżλʦŲιۣпĵд衣⼸λʦܱҪſдһ¡룬ҲûʲôŵҲͱڵӽд衣Ǳͬˡ
λʦܻɨŵĿӡȻ󡭡
һҹһҹһʦܾò񫣬Ҫսĵӣˡ
һ£Ŷ֪˵ʲôˡ
ԼĵӰɣҹδĵ¡
ҹδĵӰɣҲøҰ
ҹδʱҲˣ֪ضԼӣˮǴкɨ֮ˡһۣ
ʦƽʱĽ̵𣿡
Ӽæ£ͷҹһ׳ŵӵʦûиӻĵӣֻ
ҹδûкصһۣҹδ봫ڸǵĹ似һţǺ
ȥȥ
Ŷ
ҹһͷȥ棬ʵʵعšҹδǸ
ŵѣʱ䲻ûмŵӣˮǲμӴȣҲǵһκʿ֡ῴˣڴ鷳ڵǸ
ɲң
֣վˣҹδǸҹδҲЦЦ
¾ˣСӵϷ
ǡſһ۶⣬Ҫǻҹһ˹棬ԼͷŵӣⲻǾʹҹδ
Ҳǰĵȥ˰ɡ
ҹδڳּæٹ죬ڵÿաǰӸϽȥˣҲòμպԡ
ҲãҹδڵͷȻڣȴشҹһӵĶУ
Ͻȥˣպμԡ
üЦȴֲЦŵĵӼæȥס¡ˣҹһ϶˵Ҫҹδġ
չȥڵտʼˡÿеһԣһΪռԴһΪĥµӡ
ԣŶǲμӵģֻܻеһ֡ȴͬҹδһμӡȻǲμԵģֻںңңؿš
Ϊߵĵӣ컨ػ˻ЩʿֱԽ˽ֱɽȥѰʵǿޣҲֱĵȥѰޣ뿪һµЩˣǲ룬ɱޡ
ҹһͣʵڵд裬ûдѹǵͣǸˡǿŵӣǶܹˣҲܹһ
˵ʲô
˵ǺǿǿǣǿԶ
ӦȥɱޡʵϣҲɱˡԣֱӰЩӣֱҪðǴñ׵ڵӿɱޣǿɲڵ
ǵľٶҹδȻֻҹδҲûֹΪգҲüԮĥһһۣûʲôá
ҹһӵľٶҲЩʿ˫￪ʼ˭ɱƷߣ˭ɱ޶ࡣ
ҹһ˱ҲţͶŴǵǼˣ˫ʱػＥջ𱬡


880 
ɱҲ𽥼ŭޡԽԽڵӡɱʼǻЩʿռơȻ˵ģȴûġ
ҹδ뿴һиӷġҲǵԭʵһ㡣ҪвԼӵ̫סҲδû˵Ļᡣ
ֻˣνˡ
ԣҹδҲʱ̹ע͹ţܣһɽͷ˲ˮһߺţһš
ʱҹδҲԼ֪ԼǣҲڽ齨һС
ŹѾû񵱳ôųʿֻҪ㲻ھŹǽţŹǱ㲻ںҾŹǻǳӭʿھŹǽСΪˣܹԴŹǣԾŹûлֻкô
ˣŵ˶ҹδ飬ҲԼҹδУ˫ȫ
ɽµЩһ˸߲ңջ񲻷ơ֮࣬Ҳ˷̸ܵԼжջ񣬿Իȡʯ
ҹδֻżʶɨһ£żʧȥ̸ˣΪΪ̫͡Ҳҹδָ£Ŀ˼
ҹδҲ˼ԼδȻѾʼԵǶԼȴƺûʲôԼѾּûˡ
⾿ʲôԭ
ţ
ҹδɫͻȻһ䣬ʶ˳ȥ㿴ɽгһƬƬˣڵʿ˹ȥҹδУЩʿǿǺʿȴǿĶࡣ
ЩʿûɱڵĵӣǿʵֻǻʿȻһһʿ
ӣҪ׽Щʿ
Կ˵ڼ㳲׽ȥˡھͱˡ
ͬʱŵҲ֪ˣǰдŭŵ˴һ
ӣң
һЩ˹ȥ
ǡ
һǿϢӶɽдǿϢڰеĹţжһ䣬һֱͣӴӿеɫò԰ףֳ塣
һñɫʿڲϣһһ̤ңŹ˹ȥ
Ǿ塣ܹ֪ԷǿԼڶԷǰͬһֻļ
˿ɬѣ˭ΪҪڣ
ǺǡǸЦˣ˵ΪʲôҪڣ
ɫ䣬дŲҪ
˵أǺɫϷʵ־ܣһʹ졣
ʱڵж˾ȴҲƴΪ֪һ㱻ץȥҪʹࡣ
ҹһǳţ»ȫ֪־壬ú˷ܡ
˱Ȼ
ɽϵҹδ룬ûӱ򵹣ȫûеһ¡ӶԷ֣ͿԷҲֻҪ׽ʱΣա
ҪŻӦԣ
оȴȻҹδ룬æͷҹδ뻹Ų豭Ȳ裬һɣæ
ҹǰȾڡ
Ǹʿҹδ룬ξҪץʿ֮ǰҲڣǿҲǳĹţһڣ㲻ģǷаҩͻƵģҲܹ˳
û뵽ж֮ǰȴɽ϶һˣҲ۲˺ܾãҹδҲһֱȲ죬ΪǾã깵ĵطǿʿȻŮˣùһץȥ
ԣȻжˡ
ǣʱȴҹδȣɽĿҹδ롣ҹδȴ̾Ϣһ
ԭӦͬһӪģϾҲǡѾˣȻѾɥĲز׽һŵʿȥ̵ġ
ҹδվѾӴָȡһϣһѾ˳ȥ
ʱ䣬˵ǸΧЩʿоԼ˱ϱʶ·˽
·һϢͻᱻ˺÷顣
һĨ⣬ͬĵһĨ⣬ɽǸڡ
Ǹʿ彩Ӳվһ˺۶ûУϵ·ûһ˿˺ѡ
󡭡
ϣ
ڴƴĽ屬˿Ľڣ˷ߴ⡣
ɽһƬž
䡭
ϢЩ˺Ȼɢӡŵ˲ŷӦ˹ͷɽȥȴѾҹδӰ
ɱźһһ׷ɱȥʿҲ׷׿ʼ׷ɱЩʿ
ҹδһʿǸʿӵ죬Ѿˣ뵽Ĵ֮ʱػͷʶӣҹδΪλᱻ֣
һӾԶȥİٶʿһͷײһͱڣҹδγ֣ʶһɨָֻðƣһ£ͱˮȻһҹδѾͱڡ
һµͨϣҹδѾҪ·ˣǰӣֻǼϢʱ䣬Ǹһ˶ԷץȡĴָǰӡ
ʱҹδͱе˳һ˽ܻءǿģǸոսãץڣӦǵһжԴ٣ϾҪｨһأһжûпʼŴʯʯͲҩⶼҹδ롣
ҹδתɽȻһȭ˹ȥȻһ죬ɽݣĶر
ҹδתȥ;֮Уŷ˹ԶԶ
Űݼǰǰ
˵ϳѾһˡʱӦ¡
ȴǽҹδ֮ȥ£ĵӣڡһֱڶУϲֳȻ֮ɫҹδ빰ֵ
ǰղ˵ʱû£һյϢضڱ㳹׶˵ͳ
ҹδЦЩԮ֪˴£ضɸֹǱȴǰҪ֪ƽʱҲ˵ʿηһᣬЩŻά㡣
ŵ̹Ҳôģڼ䣬˵ٶȸĻڻǻᱻ𡣡
˵ɫһǰ֪Щºġ
ҹδ΢΢һüͷҲ
첻˶١ӵĿɬ
˼
ǰڶһʱ𣿡ڴؿҹδ룺񡣡
ҹδڰ֣ʾԼ
ⲻǷϻ
ԼԶ˳ŵģһֱֱӲգǾŹǱ顣Լܹ֣Ѿˡ
Լɵس֣ԼԲˡ
ɫǲپɥٴιֵǰǷ᲼󣿡
ҹδͷǼеУҹδҲо󷨣ԭһ񣬶Ҳһӣڵĺܸߡ
ŵ۾һܷΪڲһ󷨣ˣͻȻҲֵܹһֵʱ䣬Ԯ֮ʱ
ҹδͷûоܾȴҲ׸ɣȻҪ̶ֳȵĻڴܹʲôķã
ŽһҧһԸǰס
ҹδɫһ㣬ȻİھŻγһʥأɳΪšΪѵáû뵽ȴӵһҡ
Ϊʲôûн֮£ҲŵһЩ
ſɬǰżȻáҲ뽫֮£ȴҡ֮ԽΪѾһҲֻһҽһٴ£ڱزסˡܹͻƻ
ҹδˣ֮ﰡ
ҿ
űȡһƵУ˹ҹδӹУһ̨̨һ
һƷ
ҹδ뻹ǵһμŹǵϸ֪һ˿ϲŹϵȻԼǷͬһЩϣЩϣԼǷȱٵ
ɲǻܹ֮ΪһŵĻʯǳ˻֮⣬һǲֻ̲صһݾ
λ᲻ϲ
֪漰ڵĵͳž᲻ó
ֻһƷҹδһԼӦõĸҿΪ㲼һֵܹԪʿĻڴǾÿУҾΪڲ衣òУûȥ
У
Ŵøɴ࣬Ҳҹδ㽫Ȼ
ȥ۲һڵĵơ


881 ż
ǰ
˳˶˿Уҹδʶȥڡڵӡ
һСţҲռĲҹδܿ̽˵ƣһΧһȻŶԹŵ
ŵѣҿԲһΧһĴҲԺŵء
Ŵϲлǰ
ҹδӴָȡһ죬ʼΪܿ졣ˣҲķʱ䣬ŽɹȻùܣֽ֮֮˹ţŴ뿪ڡ
ҹϢһƬҰС
ҹδϥԣӶѾ˯ȥӴָȡǸ룬ٻ뵽㡣Ȼ̨򿪡

һХ̨ϷȻ˵棬Ѹٵطֻ˲Ϣ֮䣬ͬһ޴ɽبڵڡ
ҹδϸϸ֪֪ڵѸٵرŨһһ˿˿֮һ˿˿ɢ
ҹδֳЦݣһ˷ջʶϥ˫Ŀʼܹ
ա
ó̼ʼǲСÿҹδ붼ᴫӣҲҲܹ
һȥ
ӹȻǵ룬ҲʱرҪɱǼࡣǻõĸǾŹǴŵľ콾ҲȲǡ
ҹδһأÿӽʱָǵĴĸ콾
ÿԵĶ⣬⵹ǺЩ콾ͬӳԵҩȴԶԶھ콾ΪǾ콾ҲҰѵҩǶԣΪҩʵģÿһŵҩҪʮ죬ʮʱ䣬ȥ˹ųڵĵҩʡ
ǣȴûǣΪÿҹδоĵҩЩʱ򣬾ͻӽǿȲϵغǣڵų
Ȼ̷ǳʹ࣬ЧȴǷΪʡųʵʱ䣬Ҵǵ壬ǵıԶԼΪˣӵΪͻͽʱ䣬ѾԪԲ
ҹһѾʮ꣬СҹҲʮˡѾȫ仯ʿζ
⻹ҹδԼûԼ֮ʱĵΪҹδ鹦ȻҪ쿴ɹҲҪڴڵĻԼĹԣ԰ǣȴ̫ܰ
ʱ䣬ҹδѾֹܵ磬ܻĲΡ

ʼҹδѾÿһָװԴ׺ޡȻҲԼɱޣڵĲҩԼڷн׵Ķ
֪ʦҪԷõķ֮󣬱ĬĬسԡȻʰһУҹδ롣
ҹδſҰͷһƬɽɽѡһط׼ͻ˻
ǣʦϲЦտ
ҹδ΢΢ҡͷûǷŽڣǵʣڶδܹһҲǸԼߣԼְֵḶ̌Դõģܹŷ壬ŷĥľ꣬һֱţҲһֱսŽյĳɾ͡
չǵǻǲһ£Ʒ
ɽӶѾԪһ·ϷɱҲ죬Ž뵽ɽ֮С
ҹδѰһɽȣնɱȻ㿪ʼͻ˻׼Ķ׼ˣýҲˣҸµĵҲʮָ˴Դͻֻˮɵ顣
ΪҪϸ˻ʱ䵹ǳһЩҹδ벻żһָӣһŹ˰Ⱥͻ˻ҹδŴһ̡
ְҹδʦͽ˲߳ɽպ󣬽뵽һǡסһҿջϴһɻҹδеؽһҾһ߳ţһʿġ
һһϲϢ
˵һؾҪˡؾ϶˼ؾʿţǱʿԽ롣˵Ǻɵϡ
ҹδ벻֪ɵʲôһߴϵ֣;Ǻö̲סߵһǰֵ
λѣҹδ룬һˣɷλͬ
ⲻҰ⣬ҵĽĶСܶ࣬ο˲ףҹδǵ̸ҪһҲСԵֻݶѵ飬ǲܾҹδ£ͨҹδ뽫ƽ˹ϯ泷ȥһľƲˡˣʿҲ¶Цݡ
ľһˣ˺õĵطζҶŲƵáˣƹѲҲҹδʣʿһһظҹδ
ҹѣΪ˺ɵϰɣ
ǰ¹ªţû˵ɵϣʲôؾѽ󡣡
ûҲΪؾѾ˽ˡؾǧſһΣǧʱ䣬׺ɣ˭ǵ
ҹδĿһ
ǧ꿪һΣʱԽãſһεؾöŶࡣ
ؾʮǰֵģçɽ֮СçɽŴСɽմ˵ԣǸؾѾֹΣûб֡ʵ̫ˡ鷢Ķˣܻᱻ˷֡ԼǰżȻֵ֡ʱ򣬲ûеʱ򣬵Ҳ˸ʿĹעо˺ܾãҲûоʲôǾŹ˻ɵӳõһоһڴЩʲô
ֹȥǧ꣬żڿˡ
ǸʱҲǾŹǺҵʱӿ˾ŹǣѾŹǱʿʿòҡ֪ż˫ͣս㶼ӿ˾ż֮С
ԹƣӿżʿڣʲôΪĶСߵϵ͵żʱ䣬ջŴӾżг˲ǧҲ˵оųʿ档
ҹδüëһ̫ˡҲ̫ˡ
ᣬûȥ˵ѾеʮΣգҲǶھż֮У붼໥֮СգҲŻԵΪ˻Եʿ֮໥ɱѾΪҳ㷹治κˡ
ҹδ벻ɵͷڻԵǰرĻԵǰ˵ˣͬУҲ֡
˵ԵžŵɵϣʿͻƺϵżĸЧÿΪɵϣдĻԪʿ䡣
ҹδоһǲÿһξżκ˽룿
ԣ
ҹδ̱ˣ
ŹٴҲ㲻ôʿͬһ㣬վŹǵ֡ԭŹǱʿҲܹά־Źǵƽ⣬˶ʿھŹǷϢɵĽ²ؾŹ١
һŹǾЩˡһֱȥ¾ŹǶһŷǡżֵǡǡá
¾ŹѾѾżһɱʿĳҽɱĲʿԱʿҲ顣
żǧʿųɡļ˾Źǵѹ
еΣտ֪
ǣȻ֪˺ɵϣҹδͲܲȥ
Щϵʿȥ𣿡
Ȼȥ
ǲѾͻ˺ϵΪλҪȥ
ҹ밡żֻꡣÿǧ꿪һΣҲΣÿγ־ŵɵԪҲֻʮҲ˵ֻʮĸ˵õ˺ɵϡڵľŹ˾һٶϵǱߵľŹҲһٶϵ˵жûеõɵϵģ
ɵϿɲǰʿͻƺϵͻƺϵ֮ҲżЧԣûеõɵϵĺϵʿضȫż
ǻʲô¶ҹδ벻ü
ǺɵȷʵûʲôϵǺϵʿĶǳ˺ɵϣбĻԵһԵС
ҹδͷÿξżкϵʿ𣿡
УҲ١ԣЩǺϵʿͲҪǺɵˡǷ˺ɵϣҲܹܿԶܿԶɵ϶˵ǻԵֻ
ǵϸҹδʵżжã
һʮꡣ
ѿоżĵͼ
ȥ
ȻȥλѲȥ
ȻҪȥʿЦȻ֪һ˴ĻԵɲȥûлõɵϣǾżڣԵءܹõĻԵҲСڵԪѾ̫ãھżڣҲҾܹͻƵԪ
ҲпͷҲ˾ܾá


882 
һʿҹδ븴һͼҹδлӹûҹδ֮һȥҹδҲûĸ˾㷹֮໥ǡ
ҹδڳڳڴʮ죬ռ˸ΪϸϡȻ뿪ˡçɽķȥ
ʮ
ҹδ˾çɽǧһƳڡ
һǡ
Ȼżһٶ꣬ƳѾ˺ܶʿ跻̸۵Ҳǹھż֮¡
ҹδ뻨˴ǮƳڹһԺӣסһҹδŲѾܵ˻硣Ҳ컨۶ľƽ
ҹδ벻ÿ촫ӣѾûбҪҲҪʱԼÿ»ӷָʱ䣬µʱ䣬ڷռƳΪķĩ
ΪѾˣʱ䣬ͻƺϵܹڰʱڣսֻ档
һǱ壬һԪ
ƷĩȴܹͬʱﵽЧǣÿͱչڷһƷĩһֹ
ʱ䣬ڱչй÷ǳ졣ʱ䣬ҹδıﵽ˺ϵ۷壬ԪҲռڵԪǧ֮һսΪǾǿʲô̶ȣҹδҲ֪
ԼţԼʵϺϵһԲǲնɱԷǶԷҲκԼáǶϾߵģûˡҪ֪
ʱ䣬ҹδѾֹܵ˻Ԫ磬ͣͻƺϵ硣ҹδϵʲô֪μܣ
ĹҲֻܹʱˡҲûϲѶ룬ûз⡣ֹʵǳǿҹδǳֹܳǳǿ
ڰʱҲͻƵܵ磬ǿѾܵԲ׼Ҳܵڡ
ҹδûҪӽżԼһ˽ȥˡܹõԼòϵĻԵȻӴ
꣬ʦͽ˵ĸѾ֪ҹδǶҹδĸû˿仯ʵ϶˵ʲôǶҪ˭ԼòҪ
һա
ҹδ뽫ӽеԼķ䣬ӹɵذݼҹδ룬ҹδǰҹδĿɨӵ
֮ǰѾ˵ˣΪʦǾŹ֮ˣһɽ򡣡
ӷ׷׵ͷ
ҹδ˵Ҳ֪жʮңǾż֮ʱҲ֪ǰ˼Ϊʦ׼ȥ
¶֮ɫҹԼСŮڵʦΪʲôѽ
ҹδ̾Ϣһǿ֪Ǿһ
֪ǡ
ûпǣʦ̵ô꣬ɲȥġʦ齻
ӱ֪ԼȥˣʦĻǲҲͣ
ҹδȡݸӵڼصǸԵĺΪʦΪѡĸֵԣΪʦڣҲȱ˴С
лʦӹؽӹ
ҹδȡֱָݸӣװԴǻںܾúܾõʱȱԴ
Ӹо˲ҹһӹ˴ָЩֵ̿ʦҪȥǸż
ʦȻҪȥǺʦͬڵΪֻܵΪʦĹ͸ǵԴǻԼУδǻԪͻԪĸ磬Ҫһһȥͻơ
ǣʦͬʦΪѾǻԪԲȴΪûкĹҪԼܳҪϵҲ
żʦһᣬʦܹõһɵϣŻ῱ƺϵԣʦȥ򣬱д
ҹһĬȻ֪ʦ˵öԡʦѾ·ߣǻĵ;ǣΪʦġ
ҹδȡ򣬷ֱݸӣһģΪʦΪʦ˵ѶϢ
Ϊʦ󣬻ŴӾżڳȻһжû⡣ʦûгζʦѾ档ӴǾҪԼչԼˡڽʦŵˣǿԺϵʦϣڡ
ʦɫǡ
赣ǣʦδػһһµʱ䣬ǽָһºΪʦ뿪
һº
ҹδ뿪ƳǣΪǧ·Ҳǰӵʱ䣬ȻͿǸ
һʯͬһСɽһ˵Фһָֻһֻƽǰֻһֻƣͬһ޴Ĺ㳡һ㡣
ʱѾвʿΧʯۿϾǧ꿪һΣʿûмʯҹδҲعۿʶ̽飬û˿֡
ҹδ뿪ˣڸԶѡһطһʼнʮʱ䣬˵ܹԼıͻƵϵء
ԽԽ࣬ɽҰûзΪÿʿ֪ɱڽż֮ھɱǴ
Ĳ壬塣˫ΪơȴžżĿ
ҴҶʮȥҹδռڵƷĩѾʣ޼ҹδıȴͻƵ˺ϵءڵԪתȴԣֻǱǧ֮һǿһЩ
еҹδȻ۾Ȼ߳˶̧ͷȥʮʿӿжɢǿϢ
ϵ
ʮʿȻǺϵʿҹδɫأЩϵʿڣԼҪɵϣνǧѡ
³һҹδĿɨӣüֳ֮һ˿ȡ
ʿ̫ˣ
жʿͬȳһ㣬ǣǸһ۶ͷ
ҹδҡҡͷתصԼٵĶԱҲʿҹδĶʱʿѾûеطٶҸطšǿҹδȻɫҲ
ֹգҹδһθоϵѹӶڳʮϵҲˡ˵żӲԶˡ
ļ죬ݷҹδ롣տʼҹδ뻹ΪģȻ֪˼ԼӵģҹδһһܣкЦ뿪ģҲģҹδ붼Ϊ⡣
ҲⷬΪ̬Щ˶ҹδʮּɵ
ˣֹȥʮա֮ͻȻҹδ߳˶㿴ǸǰֻɢâǹâһΡԼӵʱ䣬Ǹβųȶ
ಡ
һϵʿǸƵĹȥαʧڹ֮Сʿ׷ԾŴȥ
ҹδûżľ飬֪Ե˭Ƚȥ˭ܹȵõġԣȵվԭأһʿ˷Ǹȥͬһ
ʱҲû˺ҹδһȿֺŴƷȥ
żʱ䣬ҹδȵ𣬿ǹֱʼϡ裬ҹδ̾һ
аڶʿ˰ɣ
Ǿһ⼸˰ʿ
һ䣬γȻŴȥ뵽֮УоԼƺ뵽һռͨһجָǣԼѾһƬһ޼ʵƽԭƽԭ̫ˣýҲûиоӵ
ʱʿǰطӣû˸ҷϸ߿աҹδ벻֪ΪʲôҲطУڼ仹˵һ߾ʬ塣ҹδн䱸
ŸոսͿʼˣ
ţ
ҹδͻȻͻأһɫߣ·ʿ䡣
ϣ
һײǽɫ߱һʿһˣȴûнɫߣǽɫһʿһʿΪԲ֮ǰǸǽɫߴ͸ԴʬԵڵϡ
ʲô
ҹδüżΪŨĽϢʮȻҹδовԼʮֵľ衣
żųһҹδеļɵ˺ܶ࣬һɫ䱸Ҳûͣ£ɿǰȥ
ǣҹδɫԽӵأǰ룬ɫ߿ʼöȻûжҹδηĳ̶ȣԲһͷΪ֪ƽԭжǽɫ߻ൽʲô̶ȣ
ҹδûд⣬һֱͷĻȫȻһһ˿ҹδϡÿнɫ߹һ˿ϼǽɫ߱顣
˹ȥһ죬ҹδңǰֳ֮ɫ
ǰĿУ·һƬɫĴĽɫ˿߾ֶɡ·ϵؼ䡣
ţ
һʿһŵնȥȻһץһɫʯͷץС


883 ؿ
ҹδһһƬƽԭΣգŻԵȻûü̽Ǹ˵õĽɫʯͷʲôʵԴһ֡
ҹδƾʲôҲʿչһˡҹδȴġԼΪɫ߲࣬ŸЩʿڱĻᡣȵǰɫ߱鲼ʱ򣬾ʿоڱǱȫȫصֵɫߣˣδܹȥǸʱ򣬲ԼڱĻᡣ
ҹδţЩϵҪڱıأҲܡΪ̫ˡˣԼźܶĻᡣ
ҹδһƬɫ˿ܼܼĽɫҹδ뼤ҹδȴͬһһ㣬һ뼤ϵײһɫߣʶӳȥʼѰұ
䡭
ҹδһȭһӣȻһץһʯͷҹδ˹
ʯ
ҹδ뽫ʮʯʯҲʯҪͨʯܶࡣʮ飬ֻдĽڽʿżĸЧڽʿǱ
Ȼҹδ벻ʲôҹδ벻ᶺĴѰҽʯɱֱǰУͬ;УھûУҲ⡣ЩϵԪԪʿˡ
ʿϵԪ͵ԪͬеһˮҹδҲԼߵ·һкϵеĳʿ߹ѱһ飬ˣҲˡ
ȽϺãƺûкϵʿ·ߣһ·ڵٵĽʯʵϣôһƽԭҶǴҴҶֵɫߣôɣкϵʿһȫͬ·ߣ
ϡ
ЩɫߣȻܼȴҹδ첻вҹδ뾫ͨ󣬴ʱѾһ빹һСͽ󣬽ɫȫ棬Ȼ㿪ʼһ·̽飬һ·ڿ
ţ
һץļʯͷȴǽʯҹδ붨һȴһּΪĿʯƿͷһϲﻹһԵ֮ذҲǣǧ꿪һΣ֪̲˶ٱ֮Уӵڴ
һ·ϣڵʯڵƿ󡣵ǵڵ˽𾧵ʱеľϲ
һ⾳԰ʿشνⶼҹδĴѰڿͷˡǰͷɱֱǰС
һ·ϣ˲ٵʿʬ壬еʬû˴ָǴǱʿߣˣҲûбߣߵģϾɫߵܸˣҲܼˡ״ҹδȻǺؽָߴߣߡ
˽һµʱ䣬ҹδһͷƽԭվһƬɭֵıԵ
սڿ˽һ£ҹδҲЩƣ̽һܣƺûʲôΣաʱΧҲʿڸָͣʿƽԭгҹδҡҡͷҲ֪ƽԭɱ˶ʿ
ҹδȡһ̿Ȼϥ֮Уʼ˹Ϣָ
֮ҹδ뽫״ָ̬۷壬վ̣ȥڵϢָʿҹδĿⶼ˾ͽ䱸ҹδȴȫûǵ˼ٲɭȥ
պ
ҹδ̧ͷһǰ΢΢ҡҡͷͣսɭ־һɱ㲻֪ʲôʱľ٣ǽ޵ʻɽɱĶħʱСݶΪոĹ
ڼ仹иֳӣʤԽߣԽǿ
ʱ䣬ûпƬɭֵľͷѾ׼֮ǰǸƽԭԼ˽һ£ƬɭҲһҡ
ȻҲûջ죬˵õľʯľʯľ֮⣬õ˲ٵĲҩвΪĲҩ
ܹԵظоʿĴˡǸƽԭʱ򣬼ÿʱỵ̈ΧʿսƬɭУȻʿļҲܶ࣬ȴÿʱÿ̶Χʿˡ
ҹδţԽǰߣʿԽ٣ΪʿԽࡣʵϣ֮ǰƽԭϣЩΪ͵ʿѡӡЩΪ͵ʿܴˣƬƽԭϣҲ˺ܶʿ
ʱһȥۿһʿ̤һƬȺУЩȺҲͻȻӵصÿһֻСָ󣬺֮䣬ǸʿͱеͷӶûʣ¡ҲۿʿһȺÿһֻһôȺ˺顣һƬǻȴһȻ
һжҹδ˵ʲôǶΪ͵ʿȴ
ʱҹδѾŲٵʿЩʿҹδ·ʱ־ġЩʿŸΪ˻ػ컨ܵûлϵʿƽԭɭҪ赲ϵʿסҲӳֻطƻ֮µʿء˵ʿѾڡ
Žż£żҪġǻ˶١
һ·ϣҹδɱֱǰСڸǴֱǰУȫ·д·ֱһȭ䱬ҩȱҲŹ
Щʿõۺ죬Ҳ֪ҹδ룬ԵҲҹδġΣ
㻹뿪ɣ
ҹδ룬ܹ뿪ҹδ룬˵ˡ
һ£ҹδ߳Ƭɭ֡ƽԭͻɭ֣ûжвջҹδ˵Ҳô¶ЩʿЩʿַˡǶҹδ˵Щջûʲôá
ǣҹδɸˣԼòϣԼõϣҲõϡЩʿ뿪Щʿ׷ҹδʩлҲ׷뿪ûһͣ
żһԵģҹδ󣬻ʲôԵ
°ȫһʲôΣգǿҹδͻǵڻҡ
ܿ죬Щʿһȥաҹδȡ̣ȻʼϢָԼʱ䣬ҹδ̡̧ǰȥ
ѾˮѾ˲²⡣
һƽԭǽԣڶɭľԣضˮӦˮԡ֮ӦǻԺԡ
ֻͨؿ飬żԵ֮ء
߲ã㿴һӣסȥ·ʮֻֿܹԼԼؿ԰ʿ˵Ҳһɹȥ
ҹδȴվڰüͷˮΪ峺ܹӵףʱûһˣںӵȴһʿһһŶ԰ȥ
Ϊʲôɣ
ȴҪӺӵߣ
ϸۿӵʲôҲûУһʿߣЩʿֻܹЩʿıӰˣҲܹЩʿߵսս
Ϊʲô
ţ
һʿսΧûʲôȻͿǸʿʧˡ
ʧˣһۼҲ
ҹδСطɵ˿УȻźƮȥ
ƮӦһΣ׼
ǣոƮϣоһɼͲֵܹģ˲ʹӿеͨһˮĵطˮֻûϥǡ
һĪˮȻȴڳˢҹδĵԪ
ҹδվԭûҲûеֿĬĬظ֪
˳뵽ʶˢʶڵĵԪˢŵ˸оһ˿˿ʹ֮⣬һ˿˿㱡
ҹδףƾˢڵĵԪһնҪǣʴһɢҲˡ
ҹδ뿪ʼڵĵԪγһֵϮ
ܵסǵԪĵĺܿ졣
⻹ڰߣֻϥһˮУԽߣյϮԽأڵĵԪĻԽ١
ţ
˺ˮھȻжһߣֽȴһһڹЦӵ׼һ仨ÿһ仨룬һӤȭͷСĹʵ
ҹδգգ۾֮ǰӵףЩߵˣʲôҲûСôͻȻ֮ͳ˹ľ
ҹδˣ˵˰ߡȵ˫뿪˺ˮվ˰ϣӾбʧЩֻܹЩʿںӵߡ
ಡ
֮˰ߣһҹδ룬һ˹ֵ
λѣǷʲô
ܹ죡ҹδҲûӦǷɲȥֻܹӺˮжɹһ뵽ˮСȥһ°ɣֻҪ˫վںˮУһжˡʱ˻
ʿһҹδϥһʪģ֪ҹδûѡСģһʿ
ȥ
ãʿ˶ҹδ䱸ɫ
Ǹʿû߽ˮҲܷܲɣ͵ҹδһԭƮȻźˮƮ˹ȥͨһˮСʿһ
ʦ֣
û£


884 ٽ
ǸʿһȻ˻ҹδһۣȻ˵һ顣˲ɫЩ壬׷ǰ飬Ȼ˻һ顣
ಡ
ʿʿϢҪ֮ǰ֮࣬ǰ֮¶Ϣܵ¶ĶֻʱҹδһֱվǿҹδΪ硣
ʵϣҹδȻһ뵽żеʿҹδΪʵϾһ·ͨƽԭɭ֣ٶҪʿѾԽ̫ʿܶԪһµʿѾԽˡ
ʿһ۾һˣʱҲû¶ϢҲ͸˵Ϊ㽫Ŀ䵥ҹδϣһӦΪǿģҹδȵ

ҹδƫͷһۣ
ʿɫһҲһݣֻϲùĳɽڣĸţ
ɢޣҹδ뵭Ӧһ䣬˼ڵľ󾿾ʵģǻþ
һҹδɢޣʿϱֳ֮ɫ㱻ɽˣԺָӡ
룡
ҹδ̧һǸʿ˹ȥɫ䣬ͬʱͷŵӭȴһĳԶʿŵÿҹδһۣ׷׳˺ˮڡ
ҹδ룬ջҪȥҲ˵󣬽뵽ˮС
ȻԽߣĪԼĳԽҡҹδĿⲻʱشΧĹ棬Щǳ࣬ӵںˮУǣЦݣźˮ
ǰԶһʿƺǱĪЩܲסˣȻ˳һ˹ȥͬͱѣĹǸʿǸʿĳ˲Щ棬Щ棬Щͷ·𲻴һ㣬նҲֻϵһƬȱȻͳǸʿڡ
Ϣʱ䣬ǸʿʧˡȻʧĵطƮһŹ棬ǷڵЩ档ҹδĿһһ棬ǷǸʿò
㣬ͷһۣԼ밶߲ԶҲͲһ׵ľ롣ԼӦüذϡ
һЩ棬ŪЩ棬ҹδǲֻҵӦԵֶΣܹĵĶɺӡںɵϣһʱأôҵģ
ʼˣ밶ֻʮңʱΧĹͷǳϡˣˣΧûйˡЩ棬ȴԽܼ
ҹδһȭһ档ȻԼһȭ˺Ǹ棬ǹͬӰһ䶯һ£ȻΧĹҹδ˹ҹδͷܣͬʱͷųĻԼ档
ǣЩҹδͷŵĻĻҹδڡʮ׵ľ룬ҹδܿͳ嵽˰ϣȴҲڣʶڣſ˴죬ʶڵĵ˹ȥЦ
ǵģ
ǹʱȻЦҹδ벢Ǵʱʶڣȴ
ҹδ벢ûоţŵʶڵĵԪֵ棬ȴʶڵռ䣬һӾͰ߸˽ȥҹδоһ㶣æһʶ뵽ռڣҲЦˣҵĿ޺ռ档
ף
ҹδ뾪һ£Ǿ龹Ȼ档ԴӿǸʿҲһ棬;ҲܹҲô󵨣ŹԼڳԡ
ȵٶȣ뵱ҲҺҺ̬ʶҺ̬֮֮ǰЩٶȶܿ죬ʱҪ
ȻҲǺȴҲ֮ǰһЩ֮ǰһʱ䡣
ԼϢ֮汻ȫˡҺ塣ռڣԶһСӣҺ͵ǸСڡ
ռͻȻһӣҹδҲ֡Ǹ֮ռġԤҹδһЩǸӻձһԣҹδǸӲȤҺȤ
ûнҺ֮ڣ˵Һ岻֮
ǻʲô
ҹδʶ˿ץһΣϸۿȻһֲ²⡣Ҳֳϲ
Һҹδûмȴһ˿Ϥһ˿ϤͻƻԪ֮ǰʶ
һҺƺʶԣȴԶʶһƷȫΡ
ڵҹδ룬Ȼûһ˿ϵǶںϵҲһ㲻˽⡣͹ȳü۵ʱ̹ȳüϵͻԪʲô
ȳüҪ
һ𣬱Ǳǿȡʱ䣬һΡͻƺϵһڶ𣬱ڵĵԪתԪǽʶڵĵԪתʶ
ںϵ֮ǰԪһͳҲ˵ʿںʶͨʵĶǵԪǺϵ֮ʶٴθʵԪʶʶ
ѵʶ֮
ҹδоӦǣҪ֤Ҳܼ򵥣һ¾ˡ
ҹδһΣ뵽ʶڡʶڵĵȻҡҷһӾͰһҺյ˻Сҹδϸۿŵֵʼʮ΢Сı仯ʮ΢Сҹδȫעᷢ֡ҹδ밲סеļһ߹۲죬һ߸֪
һҺ屻ȫգԼӵʱ䡣ҹδüͷһƺظоԼһ˿ȴȫȷ
ҹδ˳ʶü˼ڻȷҺ岻ʶҲܹʶĺöҲԼͻƺϵĻԵ
ɵԼҪõ翣ȴֶڣҹδﶺһʱ䡣
һǵõ⾳ڶҲܹõľ⾳ԭΪܹõˮ⾳ȴû뵽Ǻʶйصı
ԣ
ﻹйʵǸʵ̲ʶ⾳
ʲôҹδѾ¹棬Ҫ
ҹδٴ˺ڣֳϮҹδתԪֵȻ㿪ʼһ棬ͬͱѣĹӿ壬ֱʶȻͱˡ
һӺҹδˡֻҪԼһι棬ֻҪԼЩͻԴԴϵعԼҪԼٴι档ҹδһ仨˹ȥȻס˻ڵĹʵ湥øӷǹʵУҹδ̱оˮԵ⾳Ȼһˮ⾳ıҹδɵؽս˴ָС
ʱںӵףЩʿȻͷȴҹδ룬ΪҹδǱͬһѩ򡣶ҹδѩ룬ǸѩܼĹ档״ЩʿӻңƴŶ԰ȥ
ҹδ˺ģȻˮ£ΪǹĵطҲǹʵĵطҹδ벻һطߣ̫˷ʱ䣬ܼĺ˳£ץȡʵ͹档
ÿҹδԪٽݽߵʱͻռڵ֮ڵȡ֮ҺڵĵԪҲÿңռڵȡһʶ֮Һ
ҹδ벻֪ǣΪٶúڵĹ˺ֳܶ࣬ʿĪ˲٣øʿɹŹֵĴӡ
һ
ҹδ˶԰ǽڵĹ涼ץˣǻûӡ֮ϰΪռڣǸ֮ڵ֮ҺĹˡ˲ܳزԪҹδ벻òǰ
ǿԷʳҩǵҩɵĵԪٶЩ˱ǵʱˡҹδռڣѾһ涼Һʶ֮
ؼǣֵʶ֮ˡҹδʶǵԪûзʱ䣬תʶ
ҹδϥڰ˼죬һЩƲ⡣
ԼĵӦѾﵽʱٽ㣬Ҫͻٽ㣬㲻ʶ֮Һܹ߳ɵˣҪϵشͻһֱ
ɵϰڱصˡ
ҹδû뿪ߣǿʼ׽ƣȻ֮ҺҪ׼һЩԴʱܹԼɵϵʱ򣬻쳣ҡ
ˣҹδӱߴһ꣬һЩ֮Һٴ̡
߲Զ㿪ʼоȣҹδûа֡
Ȼһǻԣ
պ
ҹδվһҽǰ

һʿҽг˳ҹδ룬ǽ䱸˾ҹδԶæ˹Ϣ
ֻһػҹδ벻Ϊ⣬һ·ϣѾΪʿΪʿ̫࣬ʵϣܹõһЩҩʯѾǴԵܹõ⾳龧֮ıĻԵԣƽԭɭǱߣܶܵһµʿ룬Ѱҡ


885 
Ȼƽԭʿ඼ǽʿɭǱĴ඼ľʿҽȻҲǻʿ
ܵϵʿ϶ᾶֱȻҲܵΪߵʿѰһ
ҹδˣüȻˣֶܲܿ顣ѲһһԾҽһ·Ǳȥһ߼ӿʶ
ǻԪԲΪʿûġҹδҲǻԪûС
ǿʶ׵ز׽һЩԵޣЩҲᡣĻͻֽ˳ֽʬ
ǱٶȺܿ죬ȻǿʶͲ׽һһһƷʱϣʿھʯҹδεͷųԼܣЩʿ׷ǱӴܡЩʿΪߡûȡҹδ˵֮͡
̽ץ˹ȥзתһѱ㽫ץȻ˷ս˵㡣
ȻȥԶЩʿһͬʱҲźһ䶼ңҹδǡ
ҹδѾ⣬׼뿪ȴһһӶȥһҽҽȶȱǻܡǶҹδ˵ȴвһͷ˽ȥ㿴һҶݡҹδ΢ϲҶݣԻʿͻƻԪ磬żĺô
û뵽Ȼ˸ƷĲҩҹδȡһУСؽҶսУֱȥ

ҹδҽ̤ҽŶ԰Ӷȥʱرҽҹδ˺гֵĻޣҹδҲôǣХ
ֻҽ̫ˣķҹδʱ䣬Ŷɹҽ˰ϡûм뿪˹ϢԼΪָ۷壬žٲǰȥ
ǰвãоء
Ӵˣ
ҹδû˿֣ӦԹؿؿǼӴ
ҹδ벻ʲôʱʲôıѾﵽ˺ϵ۷壬û˿Ӱ졣
ҹδ뽫ʶӿƬԹؿ޼ʣҹδѡһû߹·ˣ·ʲôԼҲܹһЩ
ⲻûпܣʵϣ𿴽ʿаңܵһµʿռݰ˳ɡ˳ʿǰĹӦþѾ˲٣ǻŵģҲǰĹأʿ̫ࡣ룬ڵʿ̫ࡣҲʮ꣬ǰĹصĻԵЩʿҵòˣЩʿŻð룬
ôһ޼ʣЩԵͽʿᶺʿᾶֱҹδһͼһЩҲˡ
ҹδӿʶŷӣԼֳ֮ϲɫȷӦû߹
ҹδһ·Уٶû˿Ӱ죬죬ڼҲռһЩʯ龧ҩջ񲻷ơǧĻۣǱǱ
Ȼ䣬ҹδ̧ͷȥﴫ޴ĶֶҹδϤȡĶ

ҹδǱ߱Ӷȥٶȣ㿴һʿڷȡһѾ֮һӵץ˳ʿʱɫЩ԰ףЩ
Ʒ
ҹδڻɣֻҪҵӦöƷǧǿЦ
ǸʿҲҹδ룬ֳȵɱ㡣
ҹδվ΢Цҿȡ÷Ѿɡ
Ǹʿгɱ⡣
ҹδ̾Ϣһ򲻹ҡ
Ǹʿɫһ䣬֪ҹδʵΪȴ֪Լ״ץȡֻҪҹδԼͬ磬Լʹ򲻹ԷϾԼҪһȡһҹδսɱȴҲһ֮ˣɿץȡ֣Ǹŵȥҹδ˹

ҹδҡҡͷ֣̽ŵǱȥץȥͬʱһȭǸʿ
䡭
Ǹʿһ˿ڣһ˿ڻûü˾ͱˡͬʱҹδѾץ˳ͽ˷㡣
ΪΪʳ
ҹδǰӶȥʮպҹδ߳һؿĿĹˣѰһεĵطһ󷨣㿪ʼ붨
һ·ͨ˽ľˮؿɲǼԴһ˽һ
ÿһؿԭӵŨش򲻿γ˹ؿҹδԭͶΪʼľС·崦ؿĹУ̲صд͸
ʱйؿѹҹδ֪ԼҲһԵ㿪ʼ
һꡣ
ҹδڶ۾еĿܸӣϲҲź
ȴƿϵıϡ
սӦǿ˲٣رпռ䡣
ҹδ̽ƣϳһпռ䣬пռھȻֳ˻þس
ӦúϷͬɡ
ҹδɢȥпռ䣬뿪˶ǰȥǰвգһ㣬̶ɫֳϲɫ
ԭΪؿֻнľˮأǴʱǰȴһƬ硣
ǹԣ
ֻ˲䣬ҹδ;ؿķһЩʱ䣬Ϊ֮һֱǷ񣬶ûнʥΪûȫⰵһⰵͻƷʥʥʵѾ൱ںϵˡ
ܹͻƷʥھŹҲһ֮
ҹδһ̤һƬ̤֮󣬱㷢ԼʲôҲľǹ⣬ǰң˷ǹ⣬ʧ˷ҲҹδΪ״£ʶҲᶨָ֮ǰȷķ
ҹδ뻺ǰȥһߣһ֮߳Сȫĵĳ͵ϮˣҲ±˴ڣҲ໥ֻῴҫĿĹ⡣
ҼǱ˿͵Ϯϵ۷ı壬ԷҲһӾɱֻҪһӾɱͲٸ˻ᡣ
ȫԼĸ֪ߣѾȫʶ϶ķ򣬲֪Уߵ˹ΪŨ֮
Ȼ˹Ϊǰһˣ̫ˣ̱֪˴˵ϢͬʱѣҲ˱˴ˡ
ҹδûжǸҲûжҹδη壬һϵϵʿᶺˣûʲôµġǸǲҹδʵҲ⹥رǸ˿ҹδɫʮƽи
ҹδ֪һ£֪ӦǹΪŨ֮Ǹʿ
һΣ
Ǹʿԥһ£Ҳûиҹδֻ֣õͷҹδϥԱߣܿͽ뵽֮С
Ǹʿҹδ״̬Ҷҹδ֡ûоԵİգ˭ˣ
ī˰죬оҹδȷʵǽ뵽֮Уһı㽥طսһݣҲسС
ʮꡣ
ҹδʮ꣬˹ۣ֮Ǹʿ򣬱վȻȥ
һºҹδ߳һؿǰаգ޾ĺڰ֮Сҹδв֪Լ˰֮һγ֮УƾűǰС֮ҹδоüıһ£ʹѣۣһʿһüģһȻ
飡
ҹδһ˶ԷԴԷΪҲֻһӦҲͻȻҹδ룬Ǿȴ֮ǰ֮ؿеǸʿᶨˣæһʹ˳ȴ޷˺ҹδ롣
ҹδһŽǸʿߵԶɶȥȻϥܿͳ֮С
ʮȥ
ҹδ۾ӿϲá˰֮ȻɲͻƷʥǴȥ֮Լľˮⰵںϣ߲㣬̤ʥ
ʱ᲻̣ȴϣ
һºҹδ뵽֮ؿҹδѾ˷֮һ·ϼ˲ٱ޾յ֮߳ؿֽ뵽֮ؿҹδҲ޾յͨڶʮһ֮ҹδ߳˾ŵؿ
֪Χ֮òͬˡ
֮ǰƽԭֻнԵ֮ɭֻ֣ľԵ֮ÿһؿֻһ֮ȴǸ֮УʮŨ
Ľ˾ż
ʼҺɵϰɣнʮʱ䡣Щϵڶ̶̵Ķʮҵ˾ŵɵϰɣ
ҹδ뿪ʼǰУΪ֪߳ŵؿ֮ԵʿͲǾŵؿеЩΪµʿˡȻҲٵΪʿȴҲ˿ܣԪϵˡ
֮ǰǰ⣬϶ǲˡ
ܿ˿ҹδĲ֪ĸߡƱҲ֪ҲЩϵʿ֪ϾżѾ˼ΣӦĵͼ


886 սϵ
ҹδѡһȥʶӿһѰһߡ˼֮һЩʿߵĺۼ˳Щۼߡűߣûдɣ
ֻһһ·ĻԵͼûˣ˸ˡʶʮǿܹӵΪķΧҲһЩԵ˲ٵı
ȻҲ˲ٵޣЩ޶˵в
һ࣬ҹδһʰһ϶õģռƷߵͣջԽԽӴ󣬵ȴûҵһܹЧı
һա
ʶ׽һЩʿʶոʿ㽫ʶ˻ȻǸȥȻͿһٶʿÿʿϢΪӴһٶʿм䣬һôϽŹʵ
ҹδĿһ

һٶҹδ߸֮£Ҳռ˺ܶϡȻһ۾ϳ
ڻԪʿͻƺϵЧ٣ֻһ˿ڻԪʿ˵ֻһ˿ĻᣬҲΪ
ΧһٶʿĿҹδ˹ҹδŻ˽ŲЩЩΪʲôȥժΪѾ졣ǧʱ䣬ܶڳڡǵĿһɨЩˡ
ʱһٶʿ壬Ҳ塣ȴֳֻӪ
Ӫ壬һΪһӪΪһӪĿⲻǹ¶һһģʿʱʿĿҲҹδ룬δһٶʿӪУһʿ
λѣκ˪ҪռΣ
ҹδĿǸʿͣһ£ʲôΪĿǶһ˵ʿκ˪еתһܹһٶʿɵ˲Ǻϵ
ѣҹδûӦǸʿֵҲ㲻֪κ˪˭ǾŹ˵ĺϵ
ҹδɫ΢䣬ԷȻǺϵҹδɫ΢䣬Ǹʿֵ
ֻǺϵ۷壬ŶʮԪµҲǵԪӦҲǻԪɣδؾûлᡣֻɱκ˪Ȼƾ£
ϵ۷壡
ҹδһݣɱϵһأΪǶϺϵ۷壬лһնûСǡ
һ᲻á
ΣͻƺϵҲһ˿ҲԼͲһ˿أ
ʱκ˪ҲڿڣǾˣǾȥɡ
Ǻϵκ˪ȻٵȣʵԭúϵݽЩߣȴԸΥԷŸҹδԷҪ
һϵ۷壬϶ʮԪȷʵЩΣաҲûпܽЩȫնɱЩԪûз
οֻҪԼնɱԪ˵ЩԪΪ־ˡԣһͷԼܣûȥһҹδ룬ţһҹδ룬Щ˱Լвһɱ˼ҹδͻ̶ߡ
Ȼκ˪ͷŵĵûֱҹδ룬ֻನҹδ룬ҹδ뻹Ǹ֪˺ϵ۷ܡоһϮͷ
һ⾳

Ѿ֮ܳΪ⾳ˣӦǵˡ
˫Ŀûп𣬵ȴżµϮͷоԼ굽壬·Ҫճ˻ҽ
ɱ
һٶʿҲǸϵɱ˹ȥʱҹδȴǱ۾Ȼ۾ǶΧһУȴ۾ĸһжڸ֪֮С
ĵʶҡҷɢһڵԪ͵ԪĴǳ΢Сƺȴ֮Ĵһ˿ϵ
Ǻϵ
ǵ
κ˪ɢನˮһӹҹδ룬ˮкһʶȴҹδɢ΢Сĵסǵײ
һϵʿɱȻҹδնɱĶԷ˫սΪңǴʱͬҹδͬһԹߣûв뵽ս֮Уֻеನ뵽ʶҹδҲΪƺʶڶԷļ£Ȼ΢Сĵ
˵κ˪Ϊҹδ뼤һӣֵȻ΢Сȴҹδս·㣬ޡ
飡
ҹδ˫ڵһ٣ȻˣΪһ˲䣬оԼʶȻűƣʱȥԷನ޷ʶɵɢ΢СҲ޸ƮƼκ˪ĵˣҲҹδ뾪һ亹
ϵ۷ͺϵһسڵĲྐྵȻ֮Լ֮ǰ뵱ȻˡԭΪԼıѾﵽ˺ϵ۷壬ԪҲռǧ֮һϵ۷壬Ҳܹһս
ǣʱŷôһ¶ϵ۷ʿɱѾƾԪǵ
Ҳκ˪ĶҲǺϵĻ˫߱ĻϣǸʱƴԪ壬Լ
ǵϵĶֻǻԪĻƾͿѹԪˡ
ҹδĿȥֻ˵˲䣬ѾԪ䣬ԪʮҹδɫһĿŽŶԷĵںϵһ˿ܹһҲܹ򿪺ϵŵһ϶
ǣҪ
Ҫ죡
Ԫ䣬ʣµĻԪѾ˱ơ
ҹδһʶڵʶйһнҪٶȴ߶ͷֵû뵽Ȼ߶ˡҹδһԼվǱرԷĵԼûϵһ˿
ǣʱҲ˲ˣ벫һΡ
ѵһֻǺϵڵʿѵôʱôԪ֡һξûôˡ

ֱκ˪ȥûȥϵȥЩʿ̻Ҽˣ롣Ǻϵʿض׷ᣬԼܲǸϵ
ԣ糢ԺЩԪ֣նɱκ˪
ҹδڿлһߣŵȥûֱӳκ˪˾κ˪ǧҵĵ档
Ϊϵʿҹδľٶκ˪ԭҹδȥκ˪лҹδʶࡣ˭ֻ֪˲䣬ҹδִӰ֮˻бֳɱ׼ͷŵնɱҹδ룬ȴҹδеĹ켣Ǿǧ֮㡣
ⲻһ㣡
Ǹ
ˣ
ôһٵ˲䣬ҹδѾ˵档
䡭
ҹδ˫أȻαȻκ˪󣬴ض˫һ壬ֳһӡ
ڷһ˲䣬ҹδ˵ԪôııǺϵ۷壬һٶȣԶԶ˵ԪС˶ײ˿˼Х
̫ˣ
κ˪󾪣ҹδֱ˹ͬʱ˱ոռҹδѾĵǵҹδʶҹδʶڣϣн죬ֵĵڵ˲䣬ʶڵĵһακ˪ĵҡҷɢ΢Сĵ
ҹδдϲһ΢СĵںϽ뵽нÿһ붼Ⱦһ˿
ϡ
н죬ҵĻζ·Ҫȴɼ֡ҹδдݣǵɢһ̣нѾ̶ʶҲˣҹδҲ֪Լֲ˶ã̫ԼҲֲܹϢʱ䡣
ʱҹδѾһ˺ɫĴǹκ˪Ѿ뾫ҹδϣʵҹδٶ̫ˡΪϵʿҹδ뱬һ˲䣬ʶҹδıضͻ˺ϵ硣ϵֻһС־ӦЩԪԪ󲿷־ҹδ롣
תֱҹδ롣
ǣҹδ̫ˣҲֻǸոתҹδѾǰκ˪ֳһ˿𾪡
ԼĵȻԶԷû˿Ӱ죬һѵԷҲǺϵ
ǣʱѾûʱȥЩˣҹδĴǹѾ˹ͷŵĻᶼûˣֻн಩ӭҹδĴǹ
г˾裬Ϊڷǳҹδһϵ֮ǰǰϻҹδʮİԲǾŹʿѵһɢޣ
ʿ
ϣ
ǹͽײκ˪ɫ䣬޴˲֪ԷǺϵҾ߹ԼﻹӲ
ǽҹδͬһǳһ㣬ײ˹ȥ
䡭
ʿκ˪ײ壬Ҳ֪ǻԪǵԪһʱ֮䣬˶Ϊ𾪣Ϊ֮һ١
ʵҹδͻȻ̫ˣ˽һϵ۷İˡǴʱҹδȴһ̾һûдԷѾ˻ᡣΪҹδʶֺܼͶԷһֱභϢʱ䣬Էʱ޿̵ĵͻݻԼʶԷһԼ˼ɵȡζԼˡ
飡


887 
ҹδ˫̤ڵϣٴα˴͵һ˲ᣬδһӶûӴȡȫֻȡţš
ȻκХȥ
Ȼ˼ϻֱҹδ뷽ŵı𾪣ܵضûѡȥ׷ҹδ룬ǳκ˪Ҳ⡣
һɽڡ
ҹδϥʱٵĶڣȡһƬ̣Ȼ󼸿ڱ㽫Ե۾
һº
ҹδ۾¶ź֮ɫһ±չأ˵ûгںϵ磬һ˿оҲֻһ˿ȴ޷ȷ򡣶û˺ϵʿĴǸһֱûзӦҹδ뾡˰취ҲûٴõɢҲȥȴȫûʲô
ҹδ룬ûгʣµоʲôá룬ڳӦûá
ƿ˶ľʯӶ˳ѡһ򣬽ʶӿѰʿ߹ĺۼ
ҵʿĺۼźۼǰѰҡ
һѰңһ˼
Ŀǰ״̬ԼǺϵ۷Ķ֡Ϊ޷ԷĵǺϵأ
źǸϵһسڶսḶ́ϸ˺ܶ飬ںǸսĹУֱԼɱԷƺҲûͷų
޷ͷŵֻܹͷűͨ
ҹδòӦ
ǾΪǸʿΪΪͣոͻƺϵ޷ͷŵ
ʲôܹͷŵ
еĺϵʿܹͷţ
ͺϵȫ£
ĳ磬еʿ⾳еʿȴ޷
ҹδҡҡͷвȷȴ⣬ܹϵʿ;⡣κ˪һսԺϵʿɵ˺ܶࡣ
ţ
ҹδ뿴һӰǸӰʮϤȴǲ׺ǧʱǧҲ֪ˣͷһɫҲһ㡣
ҹδ룡
ɫ΢΢һ䣬ȻָЦᡣ
ǧϵɫòЩƣƺովһսáʱϲõ
ҹЩȥȥݷùѣȴû뵽ѲǶ𡣡
ҹδ뺬ЦʱͻȻ񣬱ԶΡ
ǧĿһ𵱳ҹδҪԼϵ飺
ջ񣿡
ҹδ̾Ϣһǻף
û뵽ǧﾹȻҲ̾Ϣһǰ˵ûйҪȴйģҲںϵ֮ǰϵԭͼ򡣡
ޱ߼ʵߣЩ꣬Ѷȥ
ĴҲͺܶ۵ǳˣ֮ǰϵ֣ɢһ⾳ĵͨȴԸ߳⾳ҾȻãʲô
ܹͷŵĺϵʿǧһľȡ
ţҹδͷֻԶԶһۣͲ⾳֮Уֻ뿪ҶǸ⾳
ǧͷʿһͻ˺ϵĻ
ҹδ˼ŵ˼ǣϵΪδضӵе
ǧͷȻͽʿδض⾳һһ⾳⾳ڵͽʿζʲôӦ֪
ţͬʿӵ⾳ʿѹնɱû⾳ʿԽս
Ҳˡǧ
ҹδ벻ԼǸʿսǸոͻƺϵӦûľԼˡ
ĺϵ𣿡
ǧͨ죬ȷҹδӦò֪ŹɱϴͻȻȥżȻǷࡣŶ˽һҹδ룬Ҳû
ôܣڵͽʿУ⾳жںϵʿУҪʮ֪Źϵ٣Ĳʮǣ˵ʿǰ;
ݴ˵ʷϷܹʿһʿ
ңԽ磬ʿԽ
ҹδͷת˻⣺ѣɷƺϵһ˿
ǧҡͷ̾ϢûУ̫ˡѣ治Ǽ׺ڣ
ҹδҡͷʱ룬һʱ䡣
ǡھżΣǧ﷢롣
ҹδ뵱Ȼᣬֲû־Źϵǰ׺ڣȻɲҿ϶ϵɱԼġȴ˻ɣ򵱳Ҳ룬ôܺǧ֣
һǧأ
ǧ룬ǧֳһ˿źҲûǿ󣬺ҹδ˷ֳ򣬸ȥ
ҹδǾֱȥǧҲˡûҹδ飬ҹδʮּɵһܹɱϵʿϵʿĲѵˣΪԼܹҹδ¶ǵɳǧ֮ɫȴüΪ
һΡ
ҹδ²ûдǧҪҹδУһŹ˺ϵʿԽҹδնɱǣȴû뵽ҹδԼҲЩ㲻ףҹδйˣǶԼ˾衣
ʵϣɵҹδ룬ڼҹδ뿪ʼͻҹδ붯֣ΪؾһԵ֮أҲһɱ֮ء
һǱҹδΪŹʱ䲻ֵõؾϢãûô࣬һֱڴӡʵϣʿ֪ؾһʿֻһ𣬱˴ɳĵط򣬾ŹǵʿԽԽ࣬컯þŹǱһǣǧһοؾ˾Źһᡣؾ֮󣬷׷ʿ롣Ϊ߻Ϊ͡
ΪؾڵĻԵΪߵʿõʺǵĻԵΪ͵ʿҲõʺǵĻԵ˵ʺϸʿĻԵ
˶ʿӿ˾ؾȻγӪӪӪӪ໥ʮָӡ
˵Ӫһֱ壬һȻ塣
ȻھŹϣŸԵأμûȥ壬Ҳû壬ռŽȻʱ޿̶Сģĳͻȴûдģս
ǣھؾǲͬӿͬһؾûμĸأҶĴѰһԵ֪ʲôʱһ𣬸ǻΪԵɱԣؾһ֮͸´´οؾ˴˾ɱ
ɱƽģȻҲ⡣ʲôԵĳһܶԵõҪĻ˫Ҳ塣ࡣ
Ȼ˵Ӫ
һǾŹǱʿһʿˡ
ܸӡ
˵ŹǱʿͰ塣
˵ʿҲ塣
˵ˣǾŹǱʿΪУʿҲûкӡΪڵ˶ʿҲɱ
ԣʿɱʱ򣬻ңҲӡһȺʿɱĻ˵ɱеʿԹۣῴס
밡һȺʿУ壬壬оŹǱʿʿʿǺεȵң
Ҳˣÿһξżϼųɵʿ
ҹδȻ֪Щ飬ȴ֪żڱضʮΣգҪ˽飬ֻҪ֪ÿһξżϾųʿѾ㹻ˡ
ԣҹδǳκһ˽ˣھż֮СȻãĿĵĴߣǲò˵żǧ꣬ıǱʮ꣬ҹδջΪḻǲҩڷڶѳһСɽ
ҹδ뽫ҩ˷ĵ㣬ҹδʮڣҲɱ˲ʿ壬Ҳ塣ĸӪҹδ벻֪Ҳȥ˽⡣ЩʿɱԼͷɱˡ
ɱЩʿҲõ˾޴ջÿʿԼջȻҹδɱˣǵջͱҹδˡټҹδԼĻԵķڣѾ˺ܶ
뵱磬߱ΪһͿһšһõͻϽһţһ壬һ츣ءǲｨ죬ȡ˳Ҳţ֮Уŵûĸʿһϣ
ϡȱ֪
ŹǣȻûɽǰΪ߱ȴҲʮıѰһ
ǣȴھؾУʱؾͷһںĹУʿ
ҹδ˷ڡ
ʱķһУһƷһƷһƷˮˮǳʺϵһ㣬˷ڵҵһ㻹ظıˮķת
ڷĵڶ㣬ֻһһǳϡ٣ھżУҹδҲһûնɱһԪʿ󣬴ӶԷĴָзġ̾ͷŽ˷ĵڶ㣬ȻǳʺϳħĵطáѾƷ˵һĻ£ΪƷһħҲøӿꡣ


888 ʼ¶
ڵ㣬ֱǽľˮƷ߶ΪŨ
ڵĲ㣬ҲҲֱǽľˮƷ
һҹδķ֮ҹδ뺦úõ÷֮ʧѡ
ڵ㣬ƷֱǽľˮһСڣѾɽˡ
ڵ㣬õ࣬ʲôƷСʮҲľˮ
ҹδ׼ȥ֮󣬲׽һЩƷһ㣬Ƿܹɺ;ŹǲС硣
ƣЩϵʿջֻ࣬١
ﻹǱػԵر
ʿͬȳһӶᡣ
ôˣȴûҵɵϣҲûɵϵһ˿Ϣ
һνżѾȥʮ꣬ʮ꣬ҹδֵõ˺ܶ౦ҲһЩŽ˷㡣
õ˲ҩ˵㣬ֿʯҲŽ˵㣬иֱоܹɳģŽ˵㣬ǷܹɳȻһḶ́ҹδҲżҲòϡ
ˡ
һգҹδһƬɭУȻһ󣬷·żӡҹδһ̤˸߿գĿȥķ򣬷·һִ˵棬ɢŰɫĹâ
ʲô
ҹδЩ£Ｄȥʲôȥ˵ٶȼ죬ǼˣҲ˽һ£һִյıԵ
ʱ򣬲ſ÷
һִղڵϣǾԼңڰСҲ󣬶ҲȣֻɢҫĿİɫâ
ΧЩʿվƺûнģҲͬʿԥس˽ȥվſһңֳȥĶǻԪͺϵԪ֮£û˽ȥ
ı㶯ˡ
˵棬ضŻԪͺϵȤıҲߵ˲ԶһʿԣǸʿ䱸ҹδ빰ֵ
λѣܷ֪澿ʲôԵ
Ǹʿһ£㲻֪
ҹδҡͷͬʱͷųһ˿ϢǸʿɫһ䣬оҹδΪҲʵʵػص
žŵʶ¶
ʼ¶
ǸʿѾʶҹδһʿиǿ־壬ҹδһ⣬룬ҹδûκλᡣæص
ʼ¶һ֪ǰû˵
ҹδҲȷǰ˿϶ǾŹǱʿͷ֪
ϵʿûԪʿܹͺϵʿһ£ӺϵʿߡǣһӵеĺϵʿûܵĿܡΪֱӿԴݻʶ
ǣʼ¶֮ȴʿʶγһֱϣܹŲЧֵ
ҹδ۾һӵеֵںϵʿͲôˡȻɲǸ߽׺ϵʿĶ֣Ƕϵͽ׵ʿȴܹһս
ֹˣǸʿʶγ֮󣬿ԸʿʿձϵȻһʼ򣬱ǶʶϵһģջὫʶһա
лл
ҹδл֮ûдæĽȥ˼ʿõϢһģҹδųǸա
һ֮ڣʧķܿ壬һƬףʶܵӰ죬ȫ޷ֱ档
ҹδ׹˲䣬оһɽɱԼɱҹδ̾ͣͷŵԪֿȻʼ֪ɱĿһһĽɱǿҹδԥǸ˹ȥ
ɱȻҹδԽԽǿҹδȴţһϲӦԼѰҵķȷġͷųĻȫǸȥһֱǰû˿ļ
ɱԽԽǿҹδĳı仯ҹδΧʱزɱķ籩ڿռƬĽɱĻЩס
ɱڲϵǿһʮٱ
ҹδΧĻʼѺۣʼ飬Žɱ֮˽ɱҹδı塣ҹδϵ۷ı壬ȴ޷˺ҹδٴͷųĻȥֵռĽɱ֮ҹδоɱһգǰһ˰ããĽɱռ䣬ȴûϲɫȫ䱸ĻתĿĹˡ
Χ״ҹδһɢȥĻȡһŵҩ£Ŀ⿪ʼѲܡ
ĳͬһ޴ޱȵƽ̨ǽȴʵƽأһɫĹĻҹδ̧ŹĻһ£ǳļͣҹδȫһ壬ҲֻýµĹĻһȦȦԶӶȥ
ƽ̨ȥһЩʿЩʿһٶҴʱվҲжٺϵжٻԪǣҹδ֪ϵʿ϶ûȫʱƣЩʿ½
ЩʿҲһҹδ룬ȻջĿ⡣ҹδ΢΢˼Щ˶ʮְʼ¶ûг֡
֪ʱܹ֡
ϸϸع۲Щʿվλÿʿͱʿ֮䣬ž롣˵û˵֡
Ҳǣܹоŵʼ¶ֻиƾȥûֵĿܡ
ȻַЩʿѡλú⣬˵ʼ¶ĳλãӦģ֪
ҹδüͷ
ʼ¶պóԼͷϣԼõʼ¶̱УȥʿҲûл׷ɱԼǣڱ˵ͷϣԼͬҲûһ˿ᡣǣֵλãÿʿһľ룬ǱضһսһĺϵʿԼûлᡣΪԼҲֵܹϢĵ

ĿɨˣЩûеĻԪ͸ûлˡ
׼ɣôҲòһѡ
ҹδ뿪ʼʶ÷빹˽ȻȻԼϣֿٵƶһƻŰվĹ۲졣֪Уӹȥֲϵʿ֣һʿɳҹδ߲Զҹδ֮Զҹδ롣һĽ䱸Ȼ󿴵ҹδֻǰվһ
ʱ򣬱һʿͻȻڵλѣ峡ɣ
ҹδоһʱܹ˵仰ʿʱǺϵʿ峡ĶҲʾҹδЩԪʿڳĻԪһŽ䱸ζɺˣվ˰׹ıԵ׼ʱߡҹδҲˡ
ǣǸʿĻȴûеõĺϵʿĻӦǸϵҲͺһҹδһͬʱҲ뵽ʲôɫء
ĺϵʿûлӦʱӦԭ
һǣûаЩԪһӦǣзϣĳԪõʼ¶
ʼ¶һ֣ǡñĳϵʿõµĺϵʿϾûжõĻˡһԪõǸԪ̳ˣߣҲں̵ܶʱڣ׷ǸԪȻǸԪɱٽʼ¶ʼ¶γʶϣҪʱġ
ҹδܹ뵽ЩԪҲܹ뵽һɫáȴûһԪ˳һĻԵ˵ھżУڵһĻԵǺɵϡڶԵʼ¶
õʼ¶Ԫʿһ˿ȥɵϡûʼ¶Ԫʿ޷Ϯûһ˿ɵϵĻᡣ
ЩϵʿĿζһԪʿҹδ˾Ȼûһ˳оǼһϵʿ̲ס
Բ
һϵʿЦΪΪʳ
ֵ˰յʱ⣬ʱĻƽ̨ϣѾٶʿҺϵʿҪԪʿҹδȻԪʿж˾
Ȼ䣬һʿȻ̧ͷϿձøҹδ벻֪ϸϸڣʱҲ֪ʼ¶Ҫˡǣյһģ֪ʼ¶ĸ֣ҵɫ
ˣ
ҹδһһɫɫĿռʮֵۡһͬˮģɫĶӰ׹ֳӿ·䡣λãȴλá
ಡ
ٵĺϵʿǵʼ¶˹ȥҹδȻԪֻܹؿţԹߣûȥᡣ
ս˲䱬ܣӣҹδоһɵİ׹˽ȥڷ˵ĹУ˼Ӧٶ΢һ˿ĻԪʿ飬
ҹδ˽˰׹磬˽˽ɱ硣֪Ҳ˰׹磬ͽɱײлŵ֮⡣ֻǱռĽɱɱʮҹδһξ룬ǽɱŽϵʿನɱһաкϵನ˽


889 
ҹδʱλõʮְȫȻƽ̨ѾԶˣȴǿƾӹĺϵನжϺϵʿûнҹδͷĻ̷һŵҩĵصȴš
һʱʱȥˡֺϵನûʧңɼĻڵսжôҡҹδҲŵġôãֳ˵ڶΣʼ¶ɣ
ǣֻܹȣֳ˽֮ɫ
ֹȥ˴ԼһʱǺϵನʧˡҹδֵ˴Լһӣûи֪ϵನٴŹĻ뿿ȥǷɳ壬ؿȥһ˿ɢȥĻǽɱֱӽɱԼϡ
ȴ޷ȷԼʲôʱ߳Ƭâ磬뵽Ļƽ̨ϡﶯʶֻҪʶӳ⣬ᱻɱɱ޷ʶ̽·ԣҹδ뽫Դǰ̽Ŀ
ڣİԴ̽˹â磬۾Ļ֮󣬱ͣ¶Դ۾Ĵۿ
ЩϵʿʱְվڹĻƽ̨ϣȴо˼Ҳ֪Ǳˣˡǿ϶һϵʿõʼ¶뿪ˡ
ȻҹδоһоĿԼһһвɿЦԼСģҲ㲻ֵĽЩʿǺϵ
ͬʱҲֻʿĿĵطȻͿҲлԪʿԼһ¶˰ԴĵĻԪֹԼһ
΢˼һ£ɴ߳˹Ļ󱳽ŹĻվţʱ׼뿪
½лԪҲҹδһ󱳽ŹĻվš˴ҹδ뿴˲١вٻԪʿڼʶ˺ϵ֮ʶԼ޷õʼ¶ɵõһҲᱻ׷ɱһضᱻ׷ɱΪϵ̫ǿˡ
ֻʣҹδЩĵʿ߸оԼеƵʿ
ЩϵʿҲûٴҹδǣֻǵĿǵȻüˡ
ˣֹȥ˴գϿһеʿͷſСҹδҲڵԪתһǵʼ¶ԼԴأ
ԼҲץܣ
ĻԪʿҲˣ׷׽Լ״̬ѡ
Ȼ󡭡
ҹδȻԪ۾һڴĽҲŽš
Ϊǵʼ¶ͻأسһԪʿͷϲԶҹδڴǸʿܹɹΪǸʿĳɹҲԤʾһԵҲܹɹǸʿɫϲǶȴԿ١Ǹʼ¶һֱſڣһӽǵʼ¶뵽УͷŰ׹˹ȥ
ǡ
ҹδɫһףǿǸʿۿžҪ׹磬ȴһӱ˿С
ǲǽ
ĺϵʿǸʿǸʿĺϵʿܼѹŲôһ˲ĽȻһ壬һʼ¶û˳
ҹδ˽׹ʱ䣬ǺϵʿܹȻ˹ҹδ˳˺Զͣ粻
ϸ䷽ܹʿľٶǸʿڵõʼ¶̷֮ӣǺԵһǸʱϵʿĹûе
ǵ
ٶ̫ˣҳǸԪʿĵֹһԲŻһ󱻺ϵʿĹ÷顣
ԼʶڹнҲֻܹסϢ˵Ϣʱ㹻Լӽ׹СԼֵһϵ⾳óĽҪֵĿ϶ֹһϵʿĵȻ֪ЩϵʿУж˵϶ֹһ
һԼʶڵԽֵܹã
϶ǰϢ
оʧҹδǰȥѾ֪Щϵʿ˷ѾԼϾڹĻƽ̨ϵʿǺϵ˭˷һ˿Ҳͻ֮ʼ¶Уһ˿С߳˹

߳ˣ󱳽ŹĻվšȻЩϵʿҲֻǿһۣᡣЩϵʿУʼ¶ûҹδͷϣҹδˡһҹδĲҡ
Ȼ󣬱вٵĻԪʿҲ˳ҹδһ󱳽ŹĻվšȻۿһԪԲòһȥǻǺҹδһϷҹδĿĹˣ˺ܶԪʿڲʿ١
Ļƽ̨ϵʿ֮ǰҹδ붼ѾסĿɨЩϵȻһʿһǸϵʿյõʼ¶뿪ˡ
Ҳ֪ЩϵʿңҹδЩԪʿңÿһʼ¶˱ԵشĳԪʿͷϣĳԪʿĸȻ󣬾һĻԪʿɱ
ҹδжˣΪѾ˰˵ʼ¶ˣֻʣһˡʱڹĻƽ̨ϣҲֻʣҹδһԪʿˡЩԪʿѡ뿪ˡ
һǿһԪԲȥھ룬һΪֻʣһΡ
֮ǰǻԪʿǵʼ¶ܹɹѵĻϵʿһֱ׷ɱǾԲеĺϵʿ׷ɱΪʼ¶Ҫ֡ǣȴֻʣһΣ½ҵӽ˹磬Ҳضеĺϵʿ׷ɱûǸԪʿԼܹڶٶϵʿ׷ɱ»Զ뿪ˡ
ˣֻʣҹδһˡ
ЩϵʿĿζؿҹδ룬ҲҹδĴ󵨡ҹδ΢΢ƤȥЩϵʿվȡ
ϿҹδȻֳʧ֮ɫǸʼ¶ûгԴϣһǣǼڹĻ롣ҹδ̾Ϣһαź뿪ʱЩϵʿѾ˹ȥսһҹδѾ˽˹Ļһ룬ĿȴȻһǵʼ¶Щϵʿдɣ
ҹδϵؽһҧȻ˳ȥֻǳȥףǸʼ¶ѾĸǰһץסǸʼ¶αŹĻˡĻвףϵʿĵѾˣӿʶЩϵʿҲ׷̧֣ҹδ뷢˹
ϡ
ҹδʶڽҵҡΣȻŵɢĵ̫ˡֲ֧Ϣʱ䡣
ҹδͷųĻƾĻһף˫ľѸٵĽӽҹδ붼ܹЩϵʿֳ˾֮ɫΪǷҹδ뾹Ȼûбʶ
䡭
ҹδѾӵ˹ĻıԵͻǰһѾײĻϣĻȻ飬ϣҹδһһ㱻˹硣һ뵽֮ڣͷųļٶȣЩɱײһֱĶХȥ
ಡ
һϵʿ˹磬Ȼܹ֪Ǹ󶴰ͨһѹեԼеǱҹδ׷˹ȥʮֵıŭǵʼ¶һԪʿߣ̫ˡǵҹδĿжζþжء
ǣǳ˹磬ﻹҹδӰ
ǣܹ֪һҵĿռ䲨ԶȥЩϵʿ׷׸ܣǸ׷ȥЩʿһĿ࣬ͬʱǸڽɢ
ҹδʱϥĿռڣɫЩ԰סʶڵнͱһʶͻᱬ飬ǸϵʿĹȻĻҹϣҲֻڸ΢ˣһѪϵ۷ı壬źǿĿ
Ƚǵʼ¶սһƿڷӡȻһ˵ܵȫٶȣЩϵʿ׷ϡ
һʱңҹδΪָ۷塣ͣгȻϢһȥ֪Щϵʿ׷ٶȣض¿ռ䲨Щϵʿջǻ׷ɲһֱЩʿ׷ӵϷ
ҹδһֱһ£һУϵظı䷽տһ󷨣ϥڶУǸƿȡ˳һ̷ʼ¶
Ȼ󣬱Ŀӹ۲͸֪ʶı仯
һʼ¶ʼ뵽ʶڣһһӣʶһһɢһ˿˿ɵɫĹâ̳һ²Žʶ϶ɢһɫĹâ
ҹδһɱԵֵ
Ȼһ֮ǰԼ⾳ʼԶԾЩ⾳ͬһ㣬ʶȥʶϣҹδüžϲ֪Щ⾳ڽ뵽ʶеɱУȻı仯
ݻ
Щ⾳ȻԶݻŵķݻ
ҹδ⾳⾳⾳⾳;Ź⾳ŵݻҹδ˲ʹԼУϸعۿݻĹ̡
ꡣ
̲ȫҹδȴûۿ֮󣬱̳֮С


890 
ꡣ
еҹδ۾žϲҲź
ҹδڵһ˿˽⣬ֻǻûʶڵЩڣҲֻʱ⡣
ϸϸ˼һȻһһͷ
Ϊ
ֻǴпʼ˳ƣһֱƵ˾ŹԼܹƣǲǻԼϵ
ԽԽеѾ˾ξżԼǰɽ硣
ҪˣһΪʱ䣬Ҳ֪Ǻɵûг֣ǲܹͻƺϵ
ҹδ뿪˶ʿһ£ֺɵϲûгŷʱɵϣҹδĸࡣ
ٺºϵʿĵϣһԵءΣı岻ںϵĺϵʿҲĵطԪӦòЩϵΪؼǣǺϵʿͷŵٶȺܲϵʿȻǳͷŵٶȺܱԪԲʿ߳Ӧòϵʿ
ͽ׵ĺϵʿҲǺϵڷΧڵʿԼͷŵٶȺϣҲڶԷϵڵʿ¾ͲԷˡǸʱԼ̵ܹҲֻбˡ
ҹδ룬ԼĵƻˣϺϵʿ˵ûʲôơ
ˣ
Լ
ȻԼΪѾǻԪԲˣ֮ǰһֱǿѰŹǣŹ֮һֱ
Ч
һٶȿ죬ҹδٶȣŴЩϵʿ׷ɱߡǼӲҹδоϣûбӲıˡԼĿǰûмˣһõıͨ뵽̹ͨͨ
Ǵͨˡ
Ϊ㿴ҵͨء
ô᣿ˡ
ˣʹڸ㡣
Ҳʹ죬ҹδôãȻûҹδΪҹδҲδ˾ͬһ㡣ҹδĳɳٶȺǿҲرҹδ뻹һ飬Ҳƣˣ͸뿪ҹδˡеģҹδ̫ǿҪˡԣҹδҪͨʮʹ죺
δ룬Һ˵ڵıͨˡ
Ŷҹδüëһϲô
ǰȻҵͨһܹͷžŰپʮǺΪҪΡȴֻܹһΡ
ҹδһϲ˼ǣڿͷųŰپʮԪԲ
ȷʵҹδ뾪ϲȻŰپʮϺϵ¶ԷֻǺϵһأûҲֻǼƾܹŰپʮ򱬣ȴܹҹδȡһ˿ᡣֻһ˿ᣬҹδסˣδؾûлܶԷĿܡ
ⲻʲôѾǻԪԲҿԴǿıͨˡ
ǿͨʲô
ԭҵǿͨûǿҲܹͷųһÿһ߱Ԫ۷ʵƵİˣԣڿͷųһԪ۷
ҹδ֮ɴϲһԪ۷ɴ򲻹ϵڵʿȴּܹϢʱˣҹδ͵ϮĻʹࡣ
ҹδ̿ʼоͨϺָ㣬ҹδҲһʱ䣬ͨ
ҹδ׼ǿͨܣѡΪռھһɱ壬壬žŹǱʿʿˣֱʱ޿̲ɱ¾֮С
ҹδ벻ȥɱЩʿҲɢԼϢñʿɵϢĵĴѰҸԴΪ˵ģǽе͵˵ģǾͽе㡣ԣǿҹδʿҹδ빥Ҫɱ˶ᱦȻҹδ뷴ɱ
ʱҹδһƬ֮䣬ժҩһƬޱݣޱҩޱǶԻԪʿЧĵҩһƬԼһǧꡣҹδժĺСģƻҪЩޱڷڡ
ͷժҩ·һȫעģʵѾʿǱԶҪͨܣԱװһȫ֪ģǣʿûжǣһҹδ뷢Щޱݣҹδժ꣬ɱҹδ롣ʱҹδӵеһжǵġ
ҹδڲժһҩѾΧǱʮ˸ʿЩ˶СϢҲʲôΪҹδǵΪһЩ˲ܹͨĲΡ
ҹδСؽһҩժɣ˲䣬߾ӿյǵͱ
ʮ˸ʿͬʱҹδ֡
ǣҹδȴһʮ˸ʿΪߵҲǻмҹδһӣһ˸˳ȥȻ㿪ʼʬúϸҲںǷ·

һɽϣҹδ븺ֶİϻɱʿ壬Ҳ塣ֻʬʬ嶼
żһ޴ĽɱѾȥ˼ʮ꣬ǶڹؿǱߵĵͽʿҲ뵽żʿжеģнӵģضɱ⼸ʮУҹδ۵Դоɽ˴ŵԴһ˶ࡣЩԴֻٲԼժھˣ󲿷ֶԷɱʿõġ
ʱԽƣʿԽ١ʿõԴԽ࣬Ϊǲһ˵õԴ˵Դۻһ˵ϡ
ʱ䣬ҹδҲܣΪʲôҪôʱ䣬ΪʿȻ࣬ҪһҲסϾ֣رǻԪʿͰڱͷ㲻ϡ
ƾͨҹδ뷢ѾնɱһԪԲˡȥ꣬һԪԲʿһͨͷţһÿһܶ൱ڻԪ۷壬ΧһԪԲȻһֻʣȴǸԪԲնɱ
ˣҲûмˡһԪԲܹһɱֻʣһϵǸϵֻһأͨҲ޷նɱǸϵ
ʱҹδ˼
Լͨеһһأ
ǲԣԼϡӦÿƿһһ󷨡˱ضܱ
ôʲô󷨣
һȻʺϹǱ㽫󴫸
֮£Ƿܹ󷨣
ûҹδҲ֪ܡ㸺ֶԶȥԼʱ⣬
ԣԼΪ۵ĻҲǿ
ҹδüͷһҸط˵
ҹδӰʧڷۡ
º
ҹδվһɽڵСʯ̶ߣͷСʯ̶ˮ档߲ݵһһʿʬ塣
ϰĶСҪѰһεĵطһֱѰҡȻڷɹɽϿеʱ򣬿ʿˮ̶ƽҪʲôơ
ЩҲƹһЩƣЩƶΪģǧǰһοżЩʿΪ׷ɱˣһˣ׷ɱضЩơЩʿŷḻԴŸַ֮ģҪˡԣƣҹδҲܸˡ
Ǹʿҹδ룬ԥҹδ뷢˹Ȼͱҹδһˡʱҹδоơ˸žϲڴ
ΪƺܸߣҷǳءƵˣضһ˵һʥΪƾȻǶ̬ģСʯ̶ڵˮϵر仯ʦʦͲܷơ
ҹδ뿪ʼоƣҪȫƳƣǽƴһ϶ܹԼȥСˣҲʱ䣬ƿ˽еһ϶һ㴩˽ơ
ȫ䱸·ȥĿĴɿѰһ¶ռ䲻Сҹδ˵ϣĿѾһϥһˣҹδСؿ΢΢һǸѾˡȻûиãûһ˿˵Ϣ
ҹδ뻹ǽʶһ飬ȷѾˡŷĿǸʿָϣһָһץ㽫ǸָץУʶ̽ȥ
ã
ʶָоŽƵסʶֻһ˵ָûͬʱǸʬüĴܳһ⣬һӾͳҹδüġ
ᣡ


891 
ҹδ˲ˣ˵ӦѾˣʧȥ˻ԡʿ׼ҪȥԼ塣

ûеҹδӦͻȻһҽУȻǵⱻʶ¶һƴõΣƺΪʹҲΪŭõζЩŤҹδ˻
ʼ¶ʼ¶
ҹδ뷴Ӧ˹ΪԼʼ¶ʶʼ¶γɱ⡣һ㱦ⶼܹ赲ȻҲǸֹԷԪ뵽Լʶ׳ŶԷһץ
пռ䣡
飡
пռ俪ʼΧ飬ܼĿռƬǸԪɱȥǸԪ񾪻ʧ룺
ңһĻԵ
͡
пռ䳹ˣǸʿԪ񱻽ɱóʧ˵ʲôĻԵҹδںֲǵͽʿվĶˡܹȤĻԵֻнϵǸԪһ㡣
ϸһǸʬҹδٴηʶٴ̽ǸָУȻüͷ
ָڵĶ࣬඼һЩճƷԴ١
Ӧð
ܹż֮УΪߵֻͣҪûͲӦԴҲûзʲô֮ģŲٵķƷԼϡ
һʦ

ҹδоһһͽ׷ʦҲɢˡһǷʿ֮󣬻һż
ҹδǸʿǰϥһμǸʿȻӴָеĽɢʿضˣҹδ뻹ǱŽ̬ȡûзκ쳣֮ҹδ뽫ʶǸʿʶ̽˽ȥ
һʶǸʶһһޱ仯Ҳ˼꣬ʶͻ᳹ʧǸʱʶеķͻֳһ츣ءʱһķƮͬĩջƻʶ롣
㣡

ҹδϲҲź
źǣһ񣬶ǷʥǷʥԼۿķضԼͻƵʥٶȻһЩϲǣԷһǷ֮ӦòʲôĶԼв
Ҫ֪ҹδķھ͸ͬ˵ķ˵ҲֵֹĶھŹڼ䣬ҲʦҲڷʦĴ˵˵ŹеķʦеڷŸֶйҲշЩΪԼս
ҹδ뽫ʶסϸϸ֪һ£ȻѾûǸʿӡ֮ʶ飬ͻΪһ츣ء
ֶ츣غ棬һʶɢͻΪһ壬¡¡ֳ죬һ޴ͬɽǸʱ򣬷ͻɺʹΪһĶ츣أûܹٽ츣ߡǣʶûɢ֮ǰʿлģͻǸʿɸʶ
ֻʱǳ٣ҹδһοϷ㿪ʼרĵ
ʿһķѵʱҪܳǶͬǷ񣬶ڷ˽ҹδ˵Ϳ˺ܶࡣֻ˶ʮʱ䣬ҹδ㽫һķ㻯һ⣬üġΪΪıӵӡķʶϲ˳ؽ뵽ʶС
ҹδһ뵽ĵһ㣬Ȼǵڶ㣬㡭תһ飬ȻĿ˼
ķûҹδķǰ㣬ŵħ磬磬ȵȲͬӵһ㵽㶼һģһҹδĵ͵ûʲôʵ
һķʦ
ţ
ѵҲ
ҹδɫһڣ뵽ԼķǼ㷢ı仯治ԼǱ˵Լķڲķ롣

ҹδ³һʿһʿķҲԡҹδҲǵһ˵ķȴû뵽һϲΪķ֮󣬾Ȼһͨ
ͨͨͶӰԼĵϡ
һ㣬ͬ츣أȻÿһ츣СһЩҲ
ҹδдϲͨһǿĵƣ֮ͨ󣬷ҹδ룬ſʼЦ
ʿһض˷֮ڣȻʿķ޷ҹδķأÿһĿռҪҹδС̫࣬Լֻҹδÿһǧ֮һֻǺҹδķȣʵѾܴˡÿһռǿһԲΣֱԼҲǧҡķÿһ㶼żҲжʮҷڻŸֲҩʯʯԴ
ûҵʿķ֮࣬ϸ˴ָеЩ֮ҹδˣ˾һķʦһжԷΪΪֶΡ
ָŶѻɽķŸƷࡣҹδۻңкܶҹδ붼ûмڴָУҵһӡӺװĶһȥһĴСصһַķʹá
ҹδѧĲͬҹδѧķͷź󣬱һԷͷźȴܹһķУҲʶʹԱ
֮ҹδȤ㿪ʼһ廨ţкܶҹδ붼֪ĴС
ҹδɴչˣѲ˼Ϣʱ䣬һ֮󣬱뵽ռʱǾֹģҹδֻ˲ʱ䣬㽫һˣõʿƷĴС
ȻƣҹδųõЦݡ
ЩдսҴָлŶѻСɽһķڻʿ˺ϵʿһϵʿӳûɼǿ
˸ӣʿȻҹδſʼ
һ
ҹδӽ˳׼ĶѾ׼ˣ͵źɵϳˡ˵֮ǰûһɰգоԼɰˡҲһռԴһ߰ϻڵԴԽԽࡣоԼЩԴ㹻иǧˡҪ֪ڿڶװŴԴ
ڰϻĹУҲ˴ʿںɵϾôӲûдǧǰ飬ֻоŹ˺;Ź󣬻дŲŻ֪ǾʮʣڴһԪԲʿУ֪ࡣɫء
ɵϳֵʱ򣬶ǳͬʼ¶һ㣬⵹ǲǴ˺ɵϡҪõɵϣȴǼΪΣաΪһˣֻ
ߵõɵϣ
һȥ֮󣬺ɵǸطᰲʿŵǸܹ¼Ҳ˵ÿζȥһʿֱֻʣ˾Ÿˣÿ˵õһɵϡ
ǸԪԲʿԣѾõɵϵˣ϶ûеõɵϵˣҲȫȫԼôġǲģԼ
ʣʿΪ͵Ҳ϶ǻԪԲһԪԲʿǳ٣ʶĺϵʿһ£ԼҲҡҵĺϵʿֻܹŸ
ⶼԳ֮Ϊһƽˡ
ǣҹδҲЩˡһļᶨ˶
֮ǰõɵϵЩ˶ѾˣûзģҲʣ¼˵ǰżɵϵˣӦΪߣкϵڣҲӦֻǸոͻƺϵڰɣ
ԾŹ˺;Źķǳ˽⣬֪ЩϵʿʵǲʵΣϵǺϵҹδ˼˺ü죬ϻȱȱ˾ģҪȥɵϡ
ŹϵʿŹҪͻƺϵôļѡοԼûСҪԼԼҪͻƺϵͱõɵϡòҲ˵Ԫˡ
οǺɵϵÿɲǸʿͻƵԪͻƵԪ֮ҲżǿĸЧҹδһֲ²⣬Щʿ¾ǵõɵϵʿ
˾ҹδҲԥľҲָƽԴͰϻˣڽ뵽Ѿʮ꣬ɵϳˡ
һգҹδڲҩȻ֪ɫɫʣ̧ͷȥԶһƬͬϼһ㡣
ԶԶضܹһƬƬƴдʹ
澰
ɵϳˣ
ҹδɫһһ̤αǸȥ
֮ҹδһɽϣ·ȥһ滷ɽܴСƽԭʱƽԭϿգȫĲ֣һƬһƬĲŵȥڴһȫɲƹĹ


892 
ҹδ벻ɽĿеĲƣֽʶ̽˹ȥ˻
氡
ҹδ벻̽飬֪׵Ҳżһ޴˵Լڵľ磬޷̽顣һŭĪĶܿĻԼ˵Σ
ջĿ⣬ĿĹˣ㿴һȦɽϣʱѾۼ˺ܶˣʿϵطӶɽϡʲôΪĶУЩʿ϶Ƕ뵽Ǹƽԭɵϣǧһεʢ䣬˭Ҫ
һȾ£ɽѾۼ̫ʿҪɵϵʿҲ㶼ǰЩϵʿǱ˴Щ˲ǵĶ֡ڻԪʿûзǵС
ˡ
𶯣һĹˡʮֺֻ룬ɢŹɫʣ㶼幬ģֻܹһŹϼ⡣
ಡ
һӰɽϼ£ǸĹżȥҹδ뽫һҧҲ¡
ಣ
˴ڣȻͷֺԼĲһԼһռڣһ£ﻹдţ
һյĿռ䣬Ȼռܴ󣬵Ҳܹ߼ʵġͷϽ£˷ǹǽڡҹδʶ˳ȥڿռڿãûʲô𡣵ǽڣͻᱻʶ̽£ȷʵһյĿռ䣬ûгڡ
ҹδǽǰȫһȭǽڡ
䡭
޴ķˣ˵棬ϢЩءҲˣطƾԼȥһյľֻɱ˶Էܹ뿪Ҳ뿪ǽһ
ҹδϥڵϣʼָϢһȭǽϵ۷˼£΢Щˡ
һʱҹδ뽫޸״ָ̬۷塣Ƕûг֡һ£Ҳʱƣõʱ䣬ܹʼ
ҹδ뻽ԼϣͬһȻм۳һԼ˫ϥ֮ϣһǸԵķԼĵĬĬصȴ
һպ
ҹδȻ̧ͷһƬƴϿƮ䣬վһս׼
һƬƽҹδ֣ҹδʧˡ
һ̣ҹδһյĿռڣҹδ֮ǰǸյĿռûʲôͬΨһͬǣһ֡ʿǳռڡҹδŶԷһͬʱԷĿҲ˹˫ĿڿײǸʿֳһ˿⡣
Էһʿʶҹδ롣Ϊסʼ¶ʱڣҹδΨһһʼ¶ˣôܲǵã
бһϲԷʼ¶ֵܹΣ
ԷҲֻһԪԲԼһϵ۷塣
ο
ҹδ뼴ʼ¶ԼҲûʲôϵΪԼûֻƾźϵѹԷˡ
飡
ǾҪʲôͨգҲûʲôءûйرĹأʲô¶ãʲôҲã¶ʲôģȫûйϵԣǸʿֱҹδ
бͨͷűͨҪĵġһ־սԽСԽԣǸûҪͷűͨҪƾԼıҹδ롣ʵϣıʮǿ󣬲ᣬ˵Ҳ󡣶ԷֻһԪһȭʹŮ˵Դ
ҹδ뻹ʲôʽϵȻͷ˶Էͼ
ǾͲˣ
ҹδҲȭͷŶԷ˹ȥٶöԷˡһԼƴ壿
һһԪ
ΪͷҲһ˲䣬Ҳһ˲䣬Ѿײһ
䡭
˵ȭͷײ˲䣬ǸȭͷͱѪĸ첲ҹδѾ۽Ļ˳һײ嶼ˡҹδƲˣһű߱ԴǸĲˡ
ţ
ҹδ۾㶵ؿǰǸʬ塣ǸѪ⿪ʼֽ⣬̶ʧ·δйǸʿһ㣬Ҳ˿ĺۼҹδһݡ
عˣ
ǸʿһУԼˣҲˡ
Ŀ˵ϣһµģһָҹδһץ㽫ǸָץУʶһ̽Ŀռܴ󣬸Դ˴ָҹδȴû˿ľϲ
ǰ滹֪ԼܻܲڻõԴٶ࣬ԼˣҲǸ˻ܵġ
Ȼһսܳҹδ⣬ֻ˱Ƕٻеĵġҹδϥ˹Ϣӵʱ䣬㽫״̬۷壬Ȼ㿪ʼȴ
ԼӺҹδվ̧ͷƮƬƣȻŲƵһµĿռ䡣
ҹδĿ΢΢һһ塣Щɣطһֱôţ塣ֱһˣŻ壬顣
Ǹһ£Ҳϳҹδ롣
ⲻʼ¶ǸԪ
һϲԼˡ
ǣһݡ
ԣ
ǵڶˣԪŮ޻ţ˵Ѿһϵ
Ҳһ
һҲһǻԪҲûлԪֻٰˡҹδ뿴Ǹû̶֣Ŀ⻹ʱرãҲû̳֣ؿŶԷ׶ԷΪʲô֡ǸڶˣǶ֣Ƕڣ
㷽ŵĶʲôΪ
ҹδһ廹ǽԷһʣҲжϳԷ϶ǺϵڵķΧ֮ڣǺϵڣ˼ɵԼ
ҹδôش𣬵ûһ˿仯ͬһһֻһ˲䣬֪ôش𶼿ܱԷʲôǾͲ粻شöԷҲܹһǰ㣬ñԼ֡
ľľվҹδ룬ǸлеҹδΪλˣ
ǣӽһ¡ͨûãһҹδ˹һ޴ɫС
ҹδ뵹ȰԲеĳٺǰնʱ䶼ûС
䡭
޴ɫкҹδĳϣ̶顣ʱЦҲʩչͨſһ£³˸ķСʱҹδҲڶԷ³֮ǰóԼ޵ٶȣˣͬʱʶʣķӵΧ˽
һ˲Ľ֣˫Ա˴˱㶼һŵĺ
ٶȣԷҹδһҡҲҹδĹ㹻ǿ󣬲ֻһĲࡣѾ㹻ˡһٶȲ࣬ǸռݾԵƣͨͷţ׼÷׵ɱԷҲС
ǣҹδ΢ЩȵԭǣԼͷŵٶȺͶԷûȣܣȴڶԷһҲԼڵԪȻǴæ֮䣬ȴס˶ԷĹ˵ԼֻڹͨأͷŵٶϱȶԷǽȡ֮ȴȶԷ
ǳܡ
нѾɣҹδվڽ룬ΧнΪıϡЩн뵽󣬱㱻ɱɾ
ҹδһĿʿڴǸʿ뽣󣬵ǸʿҹδѾ裬ȴûг뽣ֻڽıԵⲻҹδüͷ
ѾˣֻҪٶйصһУԼԷһĲࡣܷȴڶԷֽҹδ֪ԺϵʿǱˣܲԷȻȥ£ܹӵġ
Ŀǰ£ܲ⡣ԷĸٶȣͨأͷŵȵһٶȶԼҹδʼմڱľ档ԼͷŵܲڶԷȴ޷жԷڣֻܹ
ȻԷĿǰƺҲƲķƺǰȫġְȫʱЧġڵԪ϶ԷͶԷ̫ࡣˣĹĿ϶ĹˣǸʱ򣬱ڡ
Ҳһ㣬ûԼıֻͨ÷й󡣴Žҹδĸɾ˼
ҹδ뿪ʼԸֹӣ滹ǳʼľ档ҹδ뱻򣬵ʱҲҹδûа취
ÿһϵ򵥣ԭҹδҲźϵһһϵʿʲô֮岻ֻ꣬÷йҹδ뷢ĹҲ÷Ƴͷβû¶ͨ졣ȴҹδڵĵԪ֮һ
ҹδվн룬̾ϢһʼڵķһڴǸʿͷϡ
䡭
Ǹͷͬһ׺ܼǸʿȥ


893 
ӵзķֻҪҹδ㣬һ󷨱ԼöԷĹܽ㼸ڲ֮ءΪַͷŵٶȣҪҹδԼͷŵٶȡһĲࡣˣ㼸ͶƽҶԷû뵽ʿǻԪԲһ
̫Ԥˣ
ԣǸʿûüܿĹܼ֣嶼һһ
һ˲䣬ҹδн󣬴̳ǡ
ֻʿϱһѪҹδҲǽŲȰԲڿռһΣĽնʿʿ

ҹδ³һǸʬ忪ʼռֽ⣬ϥʳҩ˹Ϣ뻯뵽ʶ
ǻûеȵԼ״̬۷壬Ϥĸоˡæ̧ͷȥһƬæһ㣬ϵǸʿĴָץסƬѾٳֵʱѾһµĿռ䡣
ֵһ˲䣬ҹδͿ˶һӰ̾һˣһͷŷ빹н󡣶ǸʿҲڵһʱˣ˫˾裬ǶǸʿû뵽ֵĶֻһԪ
нɣҹδһϥ˹ˡǸʿæһƳУҲֻǿҹδӰȻҹδӰͱ֣Ҳûпҹδ룬öԷҲ˾衣û̹
ҹδ뵱Ȼϲ״̬ԽԽãԼΪָ۷塣ͬʱҲš
һ£ҽɵϵĻԪԲ϶ࡣҲһٸٶϽٸĺϵʿҲٸһֹȥƾкԼһǿĻԪԲʣҲࡣԵһֻϾͽԪԲ̭ɾˡʣ´ԼʮʿǺϵʿ
ڶ֣ƽϵһصʿҲ̭ˡҹδƣӦһֱڻʿԣΪߵĶΪ͵ġֽٶȲŻô죬ԼȫϢָʱ䶼ǣһֿʼӦûѵʱͻܳΪһʿֻʣһٶʮңԼӦöǿߣΪ͵ҲӦǺϵأԲһҪʤô򵥡
ֻǲ֪ԼʿʲôΪ
һ۶Զʿһ壬΢˼һ£Լ²׼ȷĹɣԼԵĶ֣ȻЩϵʿΪġΪ̶ȣӦûлԪʿˣԼʿġԷʲǺϵڡ
ǸʿܽаӣҹδҲ֣㳢Եؿʼҹδ뷢˽һҹδ˲жϳΪǺϵԲ
ҹδ뾪ϲ֮࣬Ҳ̾Ϣһһ֣ԼҪԺϵˡ
ϵںͺϵźܴٶȺܶž޴Ĳ졣ǰϵԲԼЩĸɵԷϺϵڣҹδûаաǸʿڹҹδ֮ȴøӽΪԼҹδĹҹδֵ˵ԷΪԼࡣ
֪ҹδֻϺֻܹ࣬ʼԹҹδһƿشһ߻ָΪȻԼĵҩָٶȣĵٶȡ㽫õϵʿĴָóʼ̽顣ĶࡣЩϵʿҹδǰϻȴϳˣŲٵ˼ƿװĹȻ˵ͻָĵҩԺϵʿġֵҩҹδǷûС
ھŹǣҲΪϡȱÿһţۡרΪϵʿ׼ġҹδ̷ʳһšҩű壬ΪѾǺϵ˳۷塣
Ȼŵҩ֮󣬻ָٶ֮ǰʮҹδһĿǸ֮ʿ
ǸʿʱȻõڹҲɲв²⣬ԷΪӦúֱ࣬ӺԼɱˣڽ֮СԷҪսԷȻѡս˵ԷԪӦǿսԶԷŲȡֲԡ
У
ܰնԷĽߣ
ʿſ˴ڣŽ³һںƣ£һƬƬҹδĽ˹
ҹδһݣԷ³˵һںƣͿǶڶǻԪʿ¶ģҹδ벻̫⡣Ǻϵʿ³ģҹδ벻Լֵܹס
ҹδſǰһץпռ䣬һӱ㽫Щ档Ȼ󽫺˲ԶȻץпռ䣬ߡȴ֪ܳáпռʱ䲻ãѾЩڸʴпռ䡣ʱﶼŶԼ޿ɶ㡣ǸʿȻҲ֪¶Ц
ϡ
ҹδ뿪ʼ߶ҪԷֽ뵽֮СǶԷʮ־裬룬ҹδĽ޷֡ҹδһɢȥ˽εڱΣǸʿɫһ䡣
㣡
оܵ裬ԼһԪȻҪСҪ֪˶ĶҪָɲô׵ġʧȥ˶ʧȥ˵ƣһô죿
ʿбŭֹͣ¶ŽĹҹδĽʼҡҡ׹ǸʿľӼŭɱʢ
ڣ
ҹδͻȻִһ׺ǸͷϣܼǸʿһǸʿһķʽҹδ뽫նɱ
Σҹδ˴ָȻ̿ʼʳҩϢֱָҹδָΪҲûпҹδûоϲء
֣ԼҪϺϵˡϣֻһϵذɡ
ֹȥ˰գһƬƽ䡣ҹδ̽ӦֻʮʿңӦǸ֡
¿ռ˲䣬ҹδͷɿĺˣͬʱҲʼ轣
ף
Ǹʿһ壬Ҳҹδһ¿ռڵĵһʱ䣬ǺˣǸʿȴһϵأѾǺϵڣҹδ벼轣˲䣬ҹδòϳҹδ룬һĲš
ô㣿
ҹδ뽣ɣȴϲǸ롣
ӶԷ˵ϢϣܹԷһϵأӦĺϵΪ͵ˡ˵һ£ǺϵҲǺϵڡҹδ벢ûаա֪ڲǶĿ鿪ʼ֮һֻһΣա
ǸʿȻоǲţȴǿϲԼԻɱҹδ롣
Ҫ֪ÿһɱĽһʿɱ̿ʼ˵һɱʤʿڵԪ޷ָǵҲ޷ָ۷塣˽һ֣ЩΪָ۷ʿơ
һ־ǵеһʱΪŻָ˰˳ɡǴʱҹδ룬̵ʱڽսųʱ䣬ԼΪָ۷塣һֻʤİվʹΪԼߵģǶԷΪûлָ۷壬Լлᡣ
ҹδδһֵģҹδ汾£ضıŶʲôķţҹδ뼴յĵƣıضҲžĲءܹһ֣ڵıضûлָ˵ʣµĻ㡣
ֻҪԼСһЩ

Цˡ
ԼҪСģΪԼͲҪͶԷӽֻҪԶ빥ͿˡıһֻͨҪԶٻҹδͿˡҵľôԶʲôƣܹΣ
䡭
ʼͷˣڽϣһҵҡΣҹδһεĽҡΣɲҹδװģĳܼѡҹδƣԷΣԼĽͻ
Ǻϵأ
ҹδǷĵһ㡣
䡭
ʿͷ˵ڶͨȻɫһ㣬Ϊ죬Ȼͬʱ𣬵ΪһʮеġȻ̧ͷ㿴ԼͷҲһƬ׺Ѿ׺ôķΧҪѾˡ
ʱˣҹδӦþǰֵʿȴЦ
ԼµľЩ˺Լûȥ㣬Ҳûзǿʼͷŵ
ꡭ
еϣɫһ䣬ϵļⶼŤˡ˺Ĳ壬ꡣ
ҹδĵһ㣬ףר˺ꡣ
ʹҽĲҽУһƬӶҹδͷŵһÿһŻԪ۷ܡ
ʵϣЩҲвǸȴڱ˴ӽгҹδӰ
䡭
һȻҹδ룬̳ǣɱǸ


894 ն

ҹδ³һѸٵ˽ֽϵĴָץ˹Ȼ̿ʼ̷ҩϢָһߵϢָһ˼
ԼĲ²⣬һֹȥҲʣʮҡʣԼӦûлԪʿˡҼǺϵʿҲӦöǺϵڡԼ⼸ʮ겻ϰϻʿϢӵеʿ࣬ǺϵϡƹԵĹԼһ֣ӦûӵеʿΪҲǺϵغڣ˵Ǻϵء
һһɣ
һҹδȴʱ͵Ϣָ۷壬ֵ죬вƮҹδ뾫һɱôãӦʮֲҡԼΪԷ˽ԼԼԼô̵ʱɵ˶֡ԼԵʿضʣµʿģҲɱʱģܿǸոսɱûʱָԸ˾ͺˡ
ҹδѸٵ׼ͱ֡һ˲䣬һµĿռ䡣û̺ˣ˲˶档Ǹʿڳֵһ˲䣬ͷˡǸʿԡѪǰصĹͷ¶˳ɫȲ԰סһˡ
һʿ˵úءҹδƲһʣЩʿΪ͵ģҲһɱʤʿһԪ߳ɣΪʵ½ԣһ־Ͱڳ˷̬
ҹδŶԷ˹ȥ
ʵϣҹδҲΡȡأԷضѡԶ˹ˡ
Ƕõ˻ᰡ
ҹδ벻ܵ˽ָΪԼԼΪҲǱƵֻŶԷ˽
ʱʿҲҹδ룬оһϲҹδ뾹ȻɫҲǲҹδԼһϵԲˣɱһԪԲҲ⡣һԷɱˣսͽˡռսҲĿ죬Լûеõָһˡ
еתҹδ˴״̬ȴɱҹδ롣Լưȫָɱҹδ롣
Щͷһ˲ɣҹδѾԶҪͷűͨȴҹδһһ

Хһ˹

ʿϳһÿһŻԪԲʵһϻ֮£׽ɱԪԲʿϵʿҲܹһʱ䡣мأҲ̰
صǣڵʵҲ൱ںϵңˣʵµҪƿشҹδ룬²һʽܹɵˡԼҪˡ
ˡ
ҹδץ˹ȥб۳һֱֻ֣̽˳ȥЩͨ׵ɢЩȻһץסҹδ룬ˡ
ţ
üëһЩȻֻ֣ܿͬʱҹδѾͣĶ治ԶһѾҹδ档
䡭
ֻнϣҵҡΣȴûбⲻʿɫһ䡣

ͬʱһѾһ󣬽ʿڴ֮С
ʱ䣬ʿԼΧľˣԼһİĿռ䣬Χһĸо޾ͬһ㣬û˹
ڣ
ʿо¡оܣԼȫʢʱڣ¡ǴʱԼսֻкϵءظоԼв
ʱҲû˿ԥͷԼıͨ
Χ˲һƬ𺣣Ļӭֳһ˿ԼĻȻЩ׵ؽɱ

Ĳҽûź¡¡ͨӺ󣬸ž
ҹδɫЩ԰סƴնɱһʵϵصʿļ룬ץָҹδ̷ҩʼϢЩʿսܹ־һЩָ۷塣
Ҫ֪һҲʣʮʿãԼʿźܴǺϵأءӵеӦòᡣΪʿҹδ۷״̬ûаգûлָΪֻ·һ
Ҳ֪ĿǰԼЩʿԼӣǴһֲˡԼɱһ֣Լ¶ֻԷԼ
һֻ֣ӲӲˡ
ڵҹδָΪ֮һûпʼҹδвڴӦɱļΪңԼΪֻǻԪһԼĶ֣ضǺϵġźܴĸʣǸʿʤʿܹˣһֵʿһԼŰյġ
һ죬죬졭
ȵʱԽҹδԽˡ˵ЩϵʿɱԽңԼĶҲ˵øءԼĻͻԽࡣ
졣
ƮһƬƣҹδվһе׼Ƭҹδ룬һ˲䣬һµĿռ䡣ҹδѾûкˣ¶˾ģԼƲΪɴಫˡһԷΣŶԷ˹ȥͬʱͷ롣
ʿȴǺҹδ෴һռ䣬ˡ˵Ŀڰײȴһɫ
Ǿϲ
ҹδ뾪ϲΪǸʿȻˣƱһǸʿǸʿϲǣԷȻҹδ롣
˵ɫֱأΪҹδ뿴ԷΪȻǺϵأԷʱҲ뵽ˣҹδܹɱ̶ȣӻûˣʲôΪʮΣա
䡭
˼ͬʱ֣ҹδ빹˽ԷͷͨͨýҵҡΣҹδɫأԼĽܲסԷԷǺϵأˣҲһֵʿǿ󡣶ԷҲɫأԼȫһͨȻԷĽס
⹥֮䣬ѾϡǸʿɫ䣬޾û׹˸
䡭
Χһ籩Ƿ籩ϵγһ磬û׷ױ籩𣬶籩ҹδɫһ䣬ȥᱻԷķ籩űһ
䡭
ԷʿȻԼͷϳһƬ׺ܼ˫Ŀ죬ѹեԼеǱǷ籩ӵĿ񱩡
䡭
׾Ȼ籩סʿѾʮֳʱŴ׵˫عڼأ˿ٴѪ
ǣʱҹδ벻ܡ̫ˡѾս˭ûնɱԷʵҹδǻԪǶԷһĵ̫˵ɫۿɼٶȱò԰ס
ϡ
н££ҹδϣҹδͷͨȻһҧŶԷ˹ȥ˴󣬳˷籩֮СҹδжǸʿУʿһϲԭȥûаաҹδҳͷŵͨ籩֮УǾֻ·һ
һԪ޷һϵͷŵͨϵʿΪˣܷͨȫܡ
䡭
ҹδ˷籩ܼķнɱ飬ķΪ촷ۣнɱҹδϣһѪۡǣǷ籩ʿȴɫ䡣󣬴ʱҹδѾӦñ籩ɱ⣬ǽϳѪۡ
ãıҲǺϵ۷壡
ʿȻ򣬵ӦѾˡһ̳롣
ͨ
ҹδһƨ˵ϣɫ԰ֽ͸ǿϥã̷ҩץʱϢָʣķعʶǸϵʿĴָҲصҹδߡϡ
ҹδʱܽţһ̿ʼ
ĻһӦһˣҹδоԼŴʻϵصʿΪߵʿһżĿӵеԼܼʱָˡ
һ
ҹδ볤³һڻָ۷ˡһʱ仹ûе
ɱܼҰ
ЩϵʿƹԣҹδÿζӦʵ¡ǻʤģҲǲʤΨҹδ߳һ⡣
ҹδֵ˰죬һƬƮ
ҹδһνĿЩ硣г˽š
һ˲䣬һ¿ռڡ
һΣû̿ʼһ󣬵Ϊȱٷ룬ҲֻܹһС͵Ľͬʱ󡣶ʿȴڷˣڷ˵УҲҹδ룬ɫһ
ҹδĿԷоһԷ˵ĹУ¶ϢһϵءƣƺûһǸʿء
ܵȣ
ҹδǸʿ˹ȥԷĿһҹδ벻Ҳʱ˹Ϣҹδȴ˹ܵϢָˣҲֻкҹδ벫һѡ


895 ɵ

ҹδǳӣѾҹδ뵱˺ϵʿܹһ֣ҹδ벻ܼ򵥡
ҹδ벻Ϣʱ䣬ǾֻƴȽҹδնɱ
һʿгҹδķնȥ޷ҹδ룬ΪҹδαֶڱΣⲢ󡣶ʱڽеҹδ룬ڼǸԷпٵӡ˷֮ϣȻŶʿһָ
䡭
ʿһѾն˽֮ϣȻ飬Žֵһ˲䣬ҹδŲȰԲ㿪µܣȻŶʿ˹ȥ

ɣǸʿΧܼȴţһΪɢͬһ㣬Щ׷顣
ߣ
ͻȻƺһоԼ·һ磬ޱȣϥǶȥͷֱ֨졣ҹδͷŵķͨǸ˵ϡ㣬·㶼͸ϡʱŲƶһڵԪת˰ٱҲֻеûܵѹƣ浴ȥʱϣҲڵ֮ϡ
࣡
ҹδ˵֮Уʿɫ䣬ҹδû˿ļһ˺ĴǹѾ˹ǸʿʱŻȻҹδɹһʼ¶µǣҲǺܾ¡ϵصı壬ͲһԪܹƿı塣
ΪԼ鷳ҹδĴǹѹܶͨ
ͣ
ǸΪĴǹѾ̵ǰ
ꡭ
ʿŷͶΧĿռ;ҵĵϸСơͬʱһƵԼǰȻԼı壬ֲɵԼıֱӵĹ

Ǹʿɫ䣬˲䶼¶˿־塣ĶҹδϵصıļӲȣһ֮£Ƭǹͣش̽üģ͸Դ
䡭
ԴӴ飬ͷʬ嵹˵ϡ
ҹδץĴָȣϥʱľ޴ͬʱͷŽ󣬴󣬷ִ̳ǿһǹĵԪѾ˰˳ɡȻ϶⽫һ֣ȴҲ³⣬æʳҩҪָԼΪ
һߵϢһ߲鿴Լʧ
Է룬Ѿȥֻ࣬ʣһ롣ǻԷ롣ҹδ˼ţĿǰԼΪЩѾΪˡԼܲԼӦѰңһµıˡ
ڿԼǿĵԷͶ䡣ĴֻܹڵڶǷͶòҪñ֪Էһ˷ʧȥ˵ƵЧǴ±֪ǾĹǷͶҪԷ
ҹδһ֣ͬʱҲǳԼһԪõһƺɵϣضᱻʿ׷ɱԼҪβܹӵ
պ
ҹδΪûлָ۷壬оƮһƬơҹδ̾Ϣһվʱս׼һƬһ˲䣬һµĿռ䡣
ռܴҹδڳֵһ˲䣬ĿɨӣѰԼĶ֡Ȼбһ˰˸ˡʱǰ˸˵Ϊٶҹδһֻǵǿҹδ֮еɫǲš
ҹδûж䱸˸ʿ˸ʿҲûжǽĿڴϿա
ҹδһǲֻǲֺ֪ɵ֮ǲǻ᣿
ŵɵϣѾѡ˾ŸˣӦò֮ǰѡʲô
Žˣ
ˣͻȻ˼غ
ʱҹδҲˡǾŵͬëһĹ⣬ھŸλǾŸʿͷϣȻǵͷҹδ䱸ǰ˸ˣȴһЦҹδ뻹ûŪЩΪʲôҪЦǵѾͷϣȻǵȻŴȫҰУİ˸ʿҲˣȻǾŸһʧˡ
һ̣ҹδһİĵطѸٵؿһȦûΣաȻʶȻʶڣƮǵ⣬ǱǺɵϡҹδһȴûʱоɵϣǷһɽ壬ԶҪŪԼںδ
ȻɫһһôïʢҶ֣ԼϢŽĿһ
Ǹ˾񣡸ߴľ
ԼȻͳˣ
ǺɵϱߵһַҲЩʿʧȥ˼ھżлûԵĻᡣ
˵ҹδŸ˻Ҫ
ҪĻԵǵõˡ
֪˸˱͵ȥˣ
ҲӦñһƬɽ֮Сǻ᲻ѰԼ
ûܣ
һ棬ԼźɵϺʼ¶һ棬ԼܹյõɵϺʼ¶ЩʿضԼܡҲضǵɱ˶ᱦ˼
ԼΣˣ
ҹδȻ̧ͷ㿴ĵ⣬նȥȴĸúɵϵĺϵʿȥķҲķҹδһ岢ûͷǣɫ䣬о˿ռ䲨ĵǿʶںɨһƬɽʣ
ҹδ뵱뵽֮Уǿա
͡
նȥֱسǿաĵӰ׷ᡣǵǽ뵽ǿ֮ȴͣɫʮѿΪѾֱԼ׷Ҳ׷ϣǸɵ̫ˡǼʷۻ졣
ĸϵͷžŹǷȥʱҹδռڣŵض
𣿡
Ϣʱ䣬û׷
ҹδɫһȻӦĸϵ֪׷ˡôԼȥδӣ
һȻؾŹǣ
˲䣬ͷ뷨ʱȥ̫ȫˡϵʿжǿҲһŵӡʱЩϵʿڰǿգҲͻᲶ׽ԼصŹǵĹ켣
ȥˣ
ɽ磡
ԼŹǣҲǼ֮ˣͲţŹǵĺϵʿ켸ꣿ
ԼھŹյӣڻѾȷԼĹû⣬Ҹ㹻ԴͿԼˡ
ɽ磿
Щ⣬ھŹԳɳصɽôɳ
ҹδҲ˼ġ
Ŷ
ˡͬһɫ⣬ɽķȥҹδϥռڣ΢΢üͷ
ľˮֹԼѾܵԪԲȴ޷ȥҲǰùֹּһ㣬Ȼ޷ϵһָо
ͻȻһǸԼҲˣںǳ˻᲻Ժϵ
Ͼ󱮵ںϣԼĻʵޱȡļڷɽڴ
Ŀǰʱ޷ҹδ鿴һռڵƣʣҲࡣҲû֮ǿʼںϽľˮⰵףҪȽͻƵʥ
ʮ
ҹδ뱻ѣ೤³һü֮ʮ꣬һֱǾòһߣ޷ͻƷʥ硣ʱҲѾףʥ൱ںϵҪϵҪͻƷʥ»ԼؾŹǣŻϣ
ʰ飬ͣΪɽҪˡڳϣҹδǰȥһŴǣȴɽ硣
һȥ꣬Ҳ֪ɽˣˣ
ҹδ˼һ䣬ɽ˹ȥǿŴԽԽȻɫˣȻû䵽ɽ磬ѾˣɽͬһƬ档
屬սˣ
ҹδнɽ縩ȥ
͡
Ʋ㣬ҹδȻһͣɫøѿʱûƲڣþ͸ˡ
ɽλعѣĿ֮ϲɽˡĿԶȥ΢һɣţҲгڡ
һ̣һαѾڵϿա
ʱҹδɫ࣬ѾΪ˷棬µҲʧˣʶӳȥûһˡĿԶȥҲһƬ档
ҹδ뻺ڵϣ³һȻٴηɵĲ죬һ߷ɣһ߽ʶ˳ȥĿһһɽȥڿУŵ濴ȥ
һʿΪߣֻľ磬ȴڵķΣһ·Сشּ䡣ҹδ΢΢üͷǧľ룬ʿȴƺǳźСġ
ҹδûоȻظǸʿǱеһĺߣװˮģȻǱˮС


896 
ҹδ˺ߣȥǸʿ強˺ףʧҹδĿһɨαźȥһ󷨣Ƕҹδ˵谭αҲ˺ס
ǰ谵ǿռ伫ͬһ³ǡ
ֻûгǳأźܶ෿ݡʱǸʿŷǱȥļʿȴһľ塣Ǹʿ֪ʲôæͷҹδ롣ܵˣ
˭
˭ҹδʵ
ʱǼʿȴָƽһʿʩǷʦ
ʦ壿ҹδ˼һ£ûӡ󣬱·
ǣǰ룡
ҹδżʿŷǱȥ;гֺܶʿҹδǼʿ
ʦܣˣ
λʦҲ֪ʲôشֻܹͷӿ˽Ųҹδȴ΢΢üͷ˲٣ΪߣҲڵӣκǲӣһ
ӵĳء
ҹҹҹʦ㣿ͻȻȺдһΪȵ
ҹδתͷȥҲǾϲһӣվǸʿǰʦܣ
ҹʦ㣬㣡
Ǹǣʱҹδ룬ʱ̽ץסҹδ󣬺
ҹδĿг˱ߣûдޣıйΧʿʱҲȻ֮ɫ˿޳·Ǽʿǳһԭҹδ룬ǾѾ˲٣ʱʶҹδ룬͸ӷˡֻв²λŮӾ˭
ôʦŮӣǺӼһ
Ǻ޹˼ɵĺޣʿһӰ߷˹һʿڵĻʿڡɫȻһ㣬ֳ˿ϲҹδ˹һ˫Ǽˮ
ڰݼ
ΧһһƬȻȻһһ˫˫ĿҹδϣĿǼڴϣ
ҹδĿڷڵϣЩİʱҲֹס˿ҹδܵ
ҹʦ㣬뿪ɽʱ򣬷ͻСǸʱֻ۶㲻ʶ
ҹδͷһ۶ڼʱ䣬ܹͻƵڵʺԶܸߡ
ĿĹˣҸطɡ
ʦ㣬ȴǶǼæ
ҹδͷȻΧʿɢȥɡ
ǣ
ΧЩʿ׷ʩԭɥдžɫѾһ˿˿ϣҹδ뿪֮һ˽ǵ˽ҹδһ
ǸȻˣ
ǵķ䣬ҹδϣں㡣ҹδ뿪ڵ
˵һ˵ϸһЩ
ǣ˵ɫֳ˻֮ɫдſ־壺ʮǰɽڵͻȻˣΡȻ㿪ʼĴɱ¾ɱˣҲɱȻ˺ľѪԼԽԽǿ
Ҳʲô˺ɱΪ͵ᣬɱ˺ΪҲ˻ʿտʼʱҲȥΧɱǼȫնɱеܵϵʿɱȫնɱԺʵӵǿ
ԭڸտʼʱʵԹߴŵĻɽǸʱֻȥɱЩСźͼʿԴɱ֮󣬱㿪ʼһߴڵĴ󣬽һɱһƬ档һƵľǴ¡ƴ֮ںµŶ֪һѾסˡԣ׷ǲɢŵӣԶ
⼸ʮǾڶ֮жɹģлиڴڴЩԪʿʧȥ˻ȥ
ʦ㣡ͻȻڵǵԼӦûнʱ䣬ǲܹ
ôô磿
һЩ⣬һʱ䣬Ǽ˵
ŶŶǽ˵ǸȺȻǶأǲϵرҵһ֮Ȼɱ˻ϵʿ¶ûжˡܵϵΪˡ˵ʵǿľǷʦˡ
ҹδĿһʦأɱˣ
ǵûУҡͷʦһٶǰҲͻ˻ԪȻȥǿˡ뿪ǰԵҲǻԼʱǰ
ҹδ³һûͺáڣͶҵĹϵã治Ϣ
ǿҹδһ۵ĸͻȻˡ
ĸ磿
ҹδһһǱߵ
Ѿħˣ
ĸôˣҹδֳ˽͵֮ɫ
Ȼ֪ҹδ뵣ʲôæ˵ʦ㣬𼱡ĸ绹š
ҹδһǣǱ㼱æ˵ĸ粻һ˻ģ˻ҲǻԪȻͺǸȴûдˡǣǸһֱ׷ɱǡÿζ㲻˶ã㱻ǸҵյϢĸû
ҹδиŲ
ĸ磬Ͱ׷ѩܵɽˣֻһ˵ǾǱߵҲ˴⡣
Ǹͷ­
һӾǸͷ­ȻȶܹѣǸͷ­Ѳ
Ͱ׷ѩߵĴ׷ɱҲϷԼ磬Ǹͷ­ҪߵĴȻ
Ķ
ҡͷǺһǱǸ׷ϣǱߡ
ڵˣ
еĸ磬վһ٣Ҷأ
ǡ˵ѾˡǵûͻƻԪҲûǰǼʡΧɱȵʱҲȥˡ֮ҲûгֹӦˡ
ҹδɤ۷̣˵ġһʹԼ侲
ǰǼʣδѾˡĸ¡
ǺúöȥǸȡ
ʦ㣡

ҹδӰѾʧˣʱҹδķȥϺԼӴϢҪԼǸȻʿ
ڶǸȻһжϣѾǺϵСˣھŹôãǵ;˵ҲԺϵ˽Ϊϸ˽⣬οͺϵʿ֡
ܹƴµĻɽ󣬱ضѾָϵֻǲָ֪ءĸܹڻţӦûָΪߡĿǽ͵ǣֱķȥ
彮
ʱҲһƬ棬һĸߴ㳬ʮɵľˣʱշУĿ棬Ĵɨӡ
Ȼ䣬סΣȻתԼȥһŴֿЦȻײ˿ռ䣬ʧԭء
ڱֱеҹδ룬ȻͣԷк۳һԷкΧнϡԷк鸡ͷĿǰȥ
һ޴Ӱײ˿ռ䣬ҰСҹδĿһ
ʿûʲôֻ̫ͬߴˡɢǿϢ˴ʱҲҹδ룬޿зЦ֮βͣн˹ͬʱһȭ
ҹδԷȻֱû˿Ĺ˼ɣ㽫Ǹ˽뵽֮С
ҹδĽɲͨĽ󣬶нСʱ򣬾һֱУΪнսķзҲ꣬ÿ붼ĽͨʿǻԪһ룬ˣοʱ룬
ԣǸڽ뽣֮˲䣬һ磬ܼķڽ£ʼɱǸɲǼ侹ȻʮǱɫŭԼһϽʿ½֮УȻһɱǱ
Լˣ֫飬ֻʣһȣָΪԭǧ֮һֻһָͷܹ󡣵Ǵʱȴ⽣档
ʱҹδ룬ҲһѾнܣҲǸ˵ı壬ȴûиǸвֻЩ˺ۡ
нɱ
ҹδ̳еĳڻ˶ԷһǣһЩ˺ȴҹδء
䡭
Ǹ˴ʱͲнҹδĹˣ˫ȭͣغнֻȭн;ҵĲۿžҪ
ҹδ뽫һҧεɶ˲һ
䡭
нˣռ䶼һƬ硣

ĿռдһҽУûеҹδϸֳϲãһ޴Ӱ˳ȥһֱ۲ˣнڶǸ˺˺ҹδ뿴̫Сˣ
ȻǸ˵Ķϱۼͷʼٵ䶯һֱ۾ͳ˳ȴСһȦԭʮɣҲֻоɶߡ


897 նɱ
ҹδ۾һʱǸֳ˹ҹδҲر㽫ԼеĳŶԷͶ˹ȥ

䡭
һ죬Ǹһֵֻס˳Աܡֱ۵СƱ촷ۡ
ҹδһ߷ˣһһ˴ǹСǸˣֳСۺƣֻСһ㡣
Ҫ׷ɱҹδ룬ȴȻȥҹδĿҲɿ˹ȥɫһϲ
ĸ磡
ֵ۰ԣͰ׷ѩ˼ҹδ룬ɫҲһϲ
δ룡
䡭
Ǹҹδ˹ҹδ׼ԶԷ˫šŴǹӭ˶Էȭͷ
䡭
ǹǹͶԷȭͷײҹδ͸оһɴϮβķˣڱ飬Ѫɡ
ˡ
ڷ˵ҹδɫһ㣬۰ԵȻߴɣǸ˻ߣһΪͷۣħƣǸ˳˹ȥֻȭͷͬ糵һ㣬ŶԷ˹ȥ
Ǿȴţ˫ȭӭ۰ԵֻȭͷڴͬʱͰ׷ѩҲǸͷǿĵǼжףҹδˣնɱΨһһλᡣλ򲻹ǾûԺˡ
䡭
ǾڵĿռ֧飬ҹδȴȻ㤡ΪǸ˵ӰƬռʧˣִһռ֣ҹδĶ棬һȭ˹˲ʱ䣬ҹδΣ֮С
ʯ֮䣬ҹδ벢ûлңҲûвֻʵܣδΣľһܵľ
ʱ̳Ѿˣȭͷӭ˶Է޴ȭͷͬʱ۰ԵͻȻһħ棬Ǹ˵ĺļǸֳһ˿ңħ滹һ˿ɵüᶨᶨҹδ˹׼ɱҹδ˵
䡭
ҹδͬһ㵹˳ȥֱ۴ҵʹȴһ˿Էûǿ󵽺ԼֱۡһϿԷıӦøԼҲߵò̫࣬ӦǺϵصģ
ֻһѹı壬治֪ŵʱ򣬻Ǻεȵǿ
䡭
һħھ˵ĺģǾƺһĺļ飬ֳһ޴˿ڣħԶȥǾŭһ۰׷ȥȴħһͰ׷ѩ˲ԶȥǾ˾Ȼ׷ϡҹδ۾һ
ĸħͨ
ʱҹδҲˣĸͨŴΰ˾˵׷ɱ֪ͨضļ󣬲ܳ־á
ǸûйԼҹδѸٵ춯ָȻǸһָ
ͶӰ
Ǹ׷ɱ۰ԵľˣȻһһһ㣬ŵ׹ȥҹδͬһ֧˫űֱǹ׹ľ˼ȥͬʱħҲߵ״ϵؽ׷ѩӳħ棬Ȼž˼
䡭
Ǹһɽϣɽ˲޴ʯɣر飬ݺᡣ
䡭
ҹδĴǹǸ˵üģһǹȫҹδϵ۷ı˲Ǹ˵ͷ­
䡭
ħ˾˵ĺģֽըѪɡò˱ļͣû˸о־ħ棬Ҳܹ˵崩һ󶴡
䡭
Ͱ׷ѩͨȴҲֻǱ˾˵һƤҹδһ䣬Ǹ˵ĲǻһµԴħе۰ѾٴιǸˣ۰˽˵ܡ
ţ
ҹδ뿴ڰеľԴƬڵ֮󣬾Ȼž˹˻˾˵塣
ˡ
ҹδ֣̽һӱ㽫ЩƬץУսռ䡣̿ʼЩƬ

Ǹ˵Դ˳ҹδƬŭҹδ˹ȴԼٶȻԭİٷ֮һ
ܶ
ҹδһݣԷԼķͶӰȻܹȻڹһȴھŹǾռڵЩϵǿˡ
ಣ
ҹδȥǹž˴˹ȥͬʱ۰ԣ׷ѩҲڲϵع˱ͶӰѹһľ棬岻ϵر飬ЩƬҲҹδɵ
ǣͶӰҹδķǳֻǹһӵʱ䣬ҹδڵĵԪɡҹδ֪ټȥˡټȥľԼһ

۰˺òԥҹδߣҹδ˵һ𷴿˽뵽ռ䡣
ȥǿա
ಣ
ǿռȥһȥͶӰ㱻ŭһ׷˹ȥҲֻʮϢʱ䣬˱ͣǿвסŭȴ޷׷
˵ͷɽȥʱѾָƣȴֻߣһսʧ޴
һϣҹδĸ˴гҹδ
ȵϢָΪǻ
֮ĸ˻ָΪҹδ۰Եĸ磬ħˣ
ɣ۰ԵͷǸħ壬ڵһֻ֣ҲֻһӣʮСʱɻħ
˵̾һһ˫Ծħ棬·ʱܹħһѹеħ
һ֪ħһΣҲǴħħ棬ħ档
ҹδǼ۰ħܣȻԾ˵˺ô󣬵ȴҲܹ˺ˣ׷ѩ룬Ծ˵˺ԺԲơ
˼Ƭ̣ҹδתͰ׷ѩʵλѣǸͷ­ˣ
ɫһǰǸͷ­һ컯ΪΣǸǶ֡Ǹͷ­ʶʮǿǲضزסΣ֮ʣ۰Եǡó֣ɲǶ֣۰Եѱӵߡȴû뵽Ҳ⡣ߵǸȻʶȴôǿǻܹݵزһأָһЩˡ
ҹδ΢΢˼Ʋ⡣ߵǴǿڱ壬ʶǱߵͷ­ǿʶڱ塣
ˣ
֮ǰ壬ʱСһʵ᲻һ㣿
ܹвĵطֻбⷽ档ĵûЧҪɱǸˣҪҵı塣ҵıһ㣬ѾǺϵ۷壬ǸȵƬͻƺϵز⡣ͻƵ˺ϵأӦӵһơ
Ȼĸʵ̧ͷ۰ԣڴʵĸ磬ͻ˺ϵ
ţ۰ԲڴصͷҳǸħ֮Ҿͻ˺ϵһءϵһأȫǸħܹоƬ£޿ܼͻȥҪסڵΪѡⷽȱٺϵʱţҵΪٵ䵽Ԫ
ҹδͷĸĸоĸ磬ҵһطŹǣźϵ
ģ˶ĿƵҹδ롣
ҹδ㽫ЩԪȥǿѰͻƺϵ֮أԼҵ˾Źǵ˵һ飬۰˵жԾ˷ܡ
ĸ磬λѡŹĿǰ֪һΨһĿкϵĵطҲ˵ھŹǵľ;ŹǵĹԣڵȽǸˣǸˣȥǱߣǸͷ­ȥŹǣΪԼҲΪǼʿѰһͻƵԣǵļ粻ܳ¡
˷׷ͬͷ
ҪھŹǸҵĵطԼȥԴǷǳҪġԣǱ뽨һ̻ᡣ󣬳ȥѰҺϵ֮صʿһ¡
۰˷׷׵ͷǳ뷨
Ϥһ֮һ£᲻
ҹδ˷ս˷㡣۰һ͸о˲ͬ˳͡
֮
ĵɲֹˣɱôʿлкüϵǷ㣬ҲʮһǷھŹǣҲһĶ츣ءҹδͷ
һʱ䣬Ƿ򡣡
ȲصͷȻѡһɽ壬ʼҹδһ˵㣬ռ俴һۣǸϱƬѾ˺ܶĩҹδ̵ĩʼ
ϤʹٴδҹδѾǺϵأʹѾ˺ܶࡣ

Ѿϵ۷ҹδ룬ڳ˹ؿԼıͻƵ˺ϵأʱҲˣͻƺϵ֮Լƺһ־ԲԲ壬ȻڵԪתżЧתԪѾռǧ֮һ


898 
ƽҵıϵԲǸʱԪתʻߡ˵
һԼʶǺɵϣʼ¶û˿ġҲζţҹδںϵ͵û˿
ҹδ³һ֮ûʲô⡣Լ뿪˾Źǣ뿪ܹӴϵĻҲ˵ֻͲϵȴΪѡ
ȥǸˣ
ҹδ뵽ɽȥӽɽ֮ͣгʶ뵽㣬۰ڳ֮С룬ɴҲǣɽ縩ȥ
ûг·Ʋ㣬˴·˷ŭǸ˵ЩӣǸһֱڼգʱҹδ߷
ҹδԷ춯ָײƲ㣬ǸˣĿһ
Ȼôࣿ
Ѿݶ룬ǸѾ嵽ǰѾͨ׼ҹδ룬žһָ
ͶӰ
ǸϷɳαһ٣Ȼͬһ㣬ŵ׹ȥҹδ뽫һֱĴǹǾ˾׷ɱ˹ȥ
䡭
һǹ䱬˶Էͷ­һץ㽫ЩƬץռ䣬Ȼ治ᣬƵƵǸ˺ѾȷˣӦò̫ͷŵǸᣬϾֻһ̵ֻǱߵͷ­ǵǱ
ǣԣڿԸִ͵ĴȣҹδҪࡣŷͶӰԷǱľ档
䡭
ܿ죬һӵʱȥҹδ뷢ԼοԳ־õʱһЩΪԼڵԪתһЩǹϵջ˷˷ͶӰХȥ˵ŭ
ٴһϣȻ뵽㣬ռ䣬ЩƬϵķĩѾѳ˶ѡҹδٴ
һҹδ뻨һ꣬һôȵķĩȴֻǽΪ˺ϵس۷塣ҹδ벻ɸпԽԽǼˡ
뵽㣬һ۵ҹδ룬׷վ
δ룡
ĸ磬ѣ׵ѣоΣ
۰ҡͷ򣬵Ҳֻһ˿
׷ѩǿЦ֮ǰνĻԪԲԲܹ
ҹδ벻۰ԣĸ磬ѵûиоԲ
ûУ۰ҡͷҺǲ֮ͬͻƺϵǸħڻǸħͲĴڡ˵˵ľŹǣҵûвԲͻ˺ϵ
ҹδͷתͰ׷ѩԲ𣿡
ûУ
δ룬ǲǻȥǿնʱеˣ֪Ǹ˽ɽŪʲôӡ
֮ǰȥһˣֺսһھͻȥǷͶӰֻܹάһӵʱ䣬ʱҪҿ£Һôߡ
Լȥˣ۰Ծȶеʵû°ɣ
û£һڣ򲻹ҡλȥʵ䡣
ǻʲôߣ
ɽ磬ĸڿУɶ΢΢üͷǶԼϢǸ˾Ȼûǡҹδ̾Ϣһ
鷳ˣǸҲҸˣҪɲס
᲻뿪ɽ磬ȥǿգ
ܣҹδҡͷ֮ǰȥûлָΪӦҪɽʿָǴΪ䣬͸ûȥǿˡȥ˴һ£һûг־֪ˡ
һҹδĸһ跻İںȲ衣
û뿪ϸ»ݻһܵص㡣ֻǿĹɣ֮ǰ޼ɵСࡣ
ô죿
뿪صǿաȻϢȻءҹδ˼ŵҲһηǸˣδԺСģҪҵ͸ˡ
Ǿƴˣ۰Ե˫Ŀħ棬Ͱ׷ѩ˫ĿҲ˼ᶨ
ߣ

ҹδĸϢȻػصɽ硣ĸһʿܻأ֪ԼȥǸˣǳѡǸɱ¾׷ȥǸѾˡԣֻеȡ
ҹδȻƻǸܻص󷨣ʱЩڽŵ޲󷨡ҹδƻñȽϳףûµʱ䣬޸ЩʿϢɱɢ˳ȥ
ǣǸ˲ٸ͸֪ҹδҲûа취ֻõֶΡ
ˣ
ĸɫһǶûȥռ䲨ķ򡣴ʱǸǸֳٶȷǳ죬ͬһڹ⣬δһֻ֣Ļ˹ؾеЩʿŵɢӡ
ҹδȻ̧Ѿ׼õǵĺڹһָ
Ͷ䣡
ǸĺڹȻһ٣ֳǸ˵Ӱֳ֮ɫ޴ŵ׹䡣
ϣ
ҹδ뽿һѾͬһ⣬Ǹ˼ȥͬʱ۰ҲȥĸѾãαˣͬߣ´ξץס
䡭
Ǹ˵˵ϣΪĹѿݺᡣҹδĴǹֱ˵ʺ۰ѾΪħ棬ֱ˵ۡٶȶ̫죬Ǳ׷ѩ˺档ҲгųҲ֪ǸûЧֻıܹ˺
ǸҪܣǷͶƶŲŭһȭͷֱҹδǹ⣬֪ҹδͶֲ˶ãֻҪֵܹһңɡ
ۿȭͷҪҹδĴǹǹײȴҹδȻ׹ȥ㿪˺ȭͷӲһǹĴȸĴȸ̴һ󶴡ҹδŴǹȻƶͬĥһ㡣
ꡭ
Ĵˡ
䡭
ͬʱħϣļըһӣȻûжѣȴҲը֮һ
ҹδϿһץ㽫սԼķһ㣬ͬʱһķʼȡ
ϡ
Ͱ׷ѩҲ˹ڶ֮һϣЧ΢ֻǱһ㡣

˲ҽһʧһȣӳܲסͶѹ¡һ˵ϡʱҹδεתǹǸ˵Ҽ硣Ǹ˸ոˤڵϣûзӦ㱻ҹδһǹϣȻ˫һϵصĴȻһұϣҹδ벻ˣͬһ׷Ǹϱۣһץ㽫ұս˷ڶ㡣ڶķұۺȥ
ٴη˲ҽУʧȥұ۵ոһ㣬صˤ˵ϡһŭ𣬵ŭΪϡ
䡭
۰Իħٴκϣֱ֮һ˶ѴõۿžҪ׶ѡǾȴûʱᣬ̧ۣҪֵԼʺһǹۿžҪѵۣ̫࣬ٶ̫ˡ
䡭
ĲϣȻһʣ㽫ĲӽʶϣԴӲϵҹδս˷ĵ㣬ʼ
䡭
۰ٴκħ泹׻ۣҹδһץս˷Ĳ㣬ʼ
䡭
ʱľ˼ʧȥжˣұͶ䣬ڵ䶯һ¶ѡҹδıͻƺϵ֮˼Ȼһ˾˵һȣս˷㣬Ȼ󽫾˵ս˷㡣
ߣ
ĸĬؽ뵽ռڣͬһڹ⣬ǿȥ
ռڣ۰ԣͰ׷ѩһضҹδ롣ҹδʱϥĿʱʶѾ뵽ĵһ㡣
䡭
һڣͣشкںһɽһ״ɽҹδһֹҹδʶ˹ȥоһɣֻǸ˵һȣ֮˳˯ҪѣѾˡ
ΪǸ˾һʱɽ壬ֻǸ˵һȣҪٶȵʶܹҲҪǧʱ䡣ҹδ뵱뿪˷ڶ㣬һֱ۵ɽ壬ڱҹδֹ۲һ£ֱҲ˳š̽㡣
Ǹͷ­˳ţĲһۣҲ˳šһȣͬ˳ţǸ壬ǴʱҲ˳šҹδһ΢˼һ£оλܹʶģ¾壬Ϊ
䡭
ҹδ뵽ڣǹǸ˰ٷ֮һȻ󽫰ٷ֮һƬսռ䣬ռ俪ʼȻŻصռڡҹδ۾۰Լʵ
δ룬ô


899 ؽ
ĺż֮ǰѾˣ˲ʶضҹδķҹδͻᾡܵԶɽ磬ӽǼǼˣ˭֪˻᲻һɽ磿
ûˣ
ҹδȥ˷㣬۰Ե˼״Ҳûҹδδ˵壬ʱҹδѾͷɽȥռڣ
δ룬Ǳߣ
ʵСʱѾ֪Լҹδ̫󣬶Ǹͷ­ҹδҲδа취˵ļ磬ڶ֪ļʲôӡ
ҹδ΢΢ҡҡͷڻȥ̫ˡ֮ǰѾ˵Ǹͷ­ܹͷųһǾ⾳ǵֵˡǵĸ缰ʱ֣Ѿˡ
Ͱ׷ѩɫȻ۰ԵͷǸħ֮󣬻һħҲֵֻܹǸͷ­һ˲ʱ䡣ҵħ绹̫ˡ
ǡſڣ֪˵ʲôá
һʵɡ
۾һ
Ȱѱ˵塣ɽˡɽ֮һķ
͡
Ǽʣɽ缤ȥ
ڡ
ҹδĸվһƬ֮ϣҹδ̾ϢɽҲûΪߵʿˣɽҪָԭеĻԻͣ²Ǽǧָܹġ
ҹδȡһʼڵĵ£֮ǰҲֻоǴʱҹδȴʮ
䡭
һɽ𣬻ɽҹδ赼ʱ䣬һʥأұ֮ǰʮ
ҹδһ֮ϣеУҹδԿһˮ̶ռȡ֮עȻͰ׷ѩ
ˮ̶̻Щʹ࣬ȴܹı塣
лδ룡ֳĹâ
ҹδִ۰˵Ȼȡһݸ۰Ե
ĸ磬ѾǺϵһأװǸķĩ㿴ֱܷ÷ĩܲסڸ֮
ԣ
۰ϥȡһĩڣ̿ʼϵļʹĶʼŤʱ۰۾
ܸоҵıǿһ˿
ҹδҲ˵ͺáˣҡ
ã۰ԵͷӦ
ҹδ뿪˶һߵɽϣϥ׼һһߵŷӵʿؽڡֳôĶضʿǰرڵʿ
ȡĩʼȻüͷһ£ЩĩѾʹԼٶȺܿ졣Ҳ֣ڵıѾﵽ˺ϵءӴûʲôʹࡣ
ҹδֹͣ룬һһת˳ͬɽֶһɽ塣ҹδϣϥǸϣתʼֱԼ塣
ֻһ֮ҹмӰӲͬķǱ˹ûпоŨˬµһɴϲ󣬱ɼطɫ䣬֪Լסˣֻ˲䣬ǱоһɣһɽϣǵǰϥһŮޡǸŮɨǰһۣϴĶڵķΣɫһ
ҹδ롣
ɫһ㣬Ȼҹδףһӿǰڵʱ򣬶Ļ񣬶ǰŮӵòͻеһһģһ˵ҹδȥǿգѰͻƺϵˣ
̰ݵڵأ棬ˣء
ҹδ̾ϢһȴҲûֹǣһһߵЩ˿޹ˣйе֮ſʼһЩ⣬Ȼ˵
ȥڵؾЩʿɣʦͷʦҡҪؽڣڵʿԸڣ¡Ը⣬ǣǸѾɱǿȥؽԼšܹǼʻǵҲӦܹ
ǣʩȥ

Ѿʼؽʿæµʦͷʦڲ軤ڴεĻڴɴˣΪֵķΧʮЩʦͷʦڸǱʱ򣬶ܺõıڲĲϣҹδȱĲϷȥڴÿ춼ڷɿعǼˣҲҪʱ䣬ܹɡ
еʿڣеʿǻȥԼţȺĻع顣еȻûǰǼʵ棬ҲûмڣѡԼŵĵͳؽţҲлȥؽ塣ɽ̫ˣعϡ֮غܶ࣬ȱͳ֮ء
Ҳָ죬ʲôüڵģҲʼ˿ˡ
һУҹδ붼ڵʿȥΪߵľǻʿڣҹδڵҲ˴Դͬʱ˴͵ؽóԴؽؾдҩ԰ȵȣҹδңҲֻȡ֮һѾڵĵԶ֮ǰ
ʱ䣬ҹδѾȫǱȴԣҲֻԼıﵽ˺ϵس۷塣һЩ֮Һͷĩֱ͸۰ˣ㹻֮áʱѾʼڶֱۡ

ҹδ븺ֶɽ֮ϣѾǸȫΪҲﵽ˺ϵԲڵԪҲﵽ˰ٷ֮һֻǶںϵû˿
ʱ䣬ڻָؽɽҲָû˸߽ʿȴøʿ֮⣬ʿںƽеĴ٣ҲɽõعϡԴȱҲǾɱ߰˰ˣ嶼ûпսʵСͳͻ٣ɽӭѵõĺƽʱڡ
һҲؽһҲؽȻɽУ壬ţǿʱڡ
ΪҹδڵԼҲĿǰɽõģԣӵٶҲġˣҹδ룬Ϊߵֻǻʱ䣬ڲʱ䡣
Ҳҹδ꣬ԼһԪûǰǼʣˣܹ׽ɽˡھŹŹǵʿһھŹ˵Ĳѡ
ʶӳȥ۰˻ûгأǵƷĩҺû꣬ҹδ뿪ʼ˼
ԼڱѾﵽ˺ϵԲԪҲת˰ٷ֮һԼȴĺϵܹɱǸˣΪǸֻһȣǸ˺ܿҲʲôߵľһ;ŸԼĻᣬԼƾűɱ˶Է
ǣǱߵͷ­ͬ
ƲⲻĻǸͷ­ӦߵĲһ;ǵһ;ҪѶԸ̫ࡣͰ׷ѩǱϵҲȫﲻæΪԷŵĸ絹ܹæԼʼ¶Եֿ
ԼܹĽϵͺˡ
ҹδ뿪ʼ̵Լջ񣬿ܲҵϵĻᡣ
ھżջ˺ܶණ̵һȦȴЩǶںϵһżİǶνϵûʲôȻǸ¶϶аĿǰɽ£Ƿʳ¶ҲϵҪ¶ãҪصŹǡ
ռڣЩγɵʶ֮ҺҲûЧֻԼ˺ϵЩʶ֮ҺŻЧڵʶڣѾԲȴ޷ıʶڵĵԪתʶһȥŻʶ֮ҺЧ
ЧӦþǺɵϺʼ¶ҲҪصŹǣ̶ܹȵؿǵЧɽЧ΢ûС
ЩǶתԪЧҹδѾת˰ٷ֮һתԪܳǳĺͻƺϵ򣬾ԪȫתҲޡ
ţ
ռǸԲռ䣬ԲռֽǱͷ­ƣȻ͵Ŀռ䡣ҹδֻ֮˳ۣľ޴󣬲ܼ֣ǻ㱡
ԼǴﵽĻԪԲһʼ¶ͺɵԪǲܹһЩʲô
ҹδϥȻ뵽ռ䣬̧ͷڰеǸԲȻһ뵽ǸԲ֮С
ֻ˲䣬͸оԼĵԪѸٵģȴһֱ֣Ҫһ˿ջ˳û˿
ֳȥɵϣǺɵҲû˿Ӧȥʼ¶ͬûзӦ



900 
ҹδ̾ϢһǱ߱ȥˡһǸͷ­ԼǱҲ˺ܾãԼĵڶ磬һǱ˴УǸͷ­׻Ƿ硭
С
ҹδһԼĵôˣ
ᶼ˰ɣ
һԼľƽֶһȥɣһؼ
ĸذɡ
ҹδԼһȻ뵽УȡһϿʼһεΪΪģֻΪԪתֱٶȴ
һ
ҹδ֪չֻһʱ䣬ԪѾת˰ٷ֮µȴѾ֮һ߳˶۰ԣ׷ѩվ棬λӭ˶
Σ
۰ЦûǺϵһأǱȴǴﵽ˺ϵԲ
ҹδбһϲǰǱߣһЩĿͰ׷ѩҲЦ֪Լľ磬ѾͻƺϵҲֻǺϵһء
ҹδǰǱߣͰ׷ѩɫֳĸһ׷ѩɫžɥΡΪ֣ԼûãҪɱǸͷ­һлҪҹδ۰ԡ
ҹδ뽫ںǽеǰ֮¶һ飬Ȼĸ˱㱻뿪ڡ
ĸº
ĸ˳Ǳߵ磬鸡ڴϣдŵǵ
ܶǴ󺣣ʲô
ֱѧԺɡҹδ뿪ڵںܵԼĵӣҲʹ룬֪
ĸ˱ֱѧԺķȥɹ˺󣬽뵽½أǿ˺ɽһķ棬Ҳĳǳأӡĸ˽һ·ɫʮѿ
ͷ­Ҳڴɱ¾˻ϵʿΪʶǿߵʿءЩͽĽܣⷽ磬ڼû˻ϵʿˡǣǸÿ궼ڴ½ѡ츳ϼѵʿȦǲϵͻƣΪѪʳ
ڵĵطǰ׻۹ĵ۶
ʱĸһɽϣǲۼصĿջ顣Ϊ˵ǸһЩ嵱ūռϢҪϢռǸ츳ãȻǸץ׻۹ĵ۶
δ룬ô죿׷ѩʵ
ҹδҲüͷڵѾ϶ԼļӶѾˡǸͷ­ļɵ˼Ƭ̵
ȥѧԺ
Ͱ׷ѩɫһҲٶʣĸ˱Ʋ֮ϣѧԺȥ
ѧԺϿգĸӰȻ֣ͷȥѧԺѾһƬ档ҹδɨŷ棬ѧԺڵһĻĻֳԼĵЦòʱѾΪԼǰֻһƬ档
Ŀ˺ɽ֣Ŀһ
ֻʣһʯµʯѾơµʯ
ҹδĸȻʯǰҹδãвһɡȥȴɲ¼Ҳɥ۰˵
Ҫһʱ䡣
ã
۰˵ͷǵϣҹδܹõʵøǿҹδʵԽǿԽкô
Ҳʼʯǲġܿ죬ĸ˶֮С
Ƭ֮ҹδͻȻˣȡһƿһ¶Ȼ롣¶İ£ܿε֮Сÿ¶ľҹδͻٷʳһ¶ѧԺķָ˼ž
ꡣ
ҹδΧͻȻ׻ȸӰӰԽԽգɢ
׻۹
۶
֮ڣһʿȻ̧ͷڴ⡣ĿʿæڵأʿȴûпһۣĿ·Խ˲ռ䣬ѧԺ
Ӱʧ
ѧԺ
ҹδϵȻսеҹδ뾪ѡҹδȻվվ˲䣬㽫׷ѩս˷֮ڡͬʱ۰Ҳվ˲Ű׻۹ķȥ
ռ䷺룬һʿ˵Ͽաҹδ΢΢˫ۣǸʿ
ĸţȴܹ֪ɢӴϢ
㣡
Ǹʿϳ۰ԣһ˿ϲҹδ룬оϲЦ
ҵΪضָܹһɡ
ˡ
ʿȻֱſ˴ڣһɾ޴۰Ҳҹδ˹۰ĿһκòܵʿĴڷ˹ȥǴ֮ǰõĲԡ۰ǻصɽ磬̶֪ħħ棬ͷ­֪۰ԱŽʿڣȻħ⹥ȻΣգҲһĳɹʡ
۰ԼᶨԼ뷨ҹδҲ޷Ȱҹδ֪Ҫɱߵͷ­ðǲܵġҼðգδܹӮҲľĸ
ҹδ۰ԣԷҲʿĴȥڷȥĹУѸٵ춯ȻǸʿһָ
Ͷ䣡
ಡ
۰ԵѾǸߣǸѾ۰ҧȥ˸Źâһ˲䣬۰ͻȻһħ棬ٶȻವؾʹܽĿУ嵽ڡ
ﬣ
ʿ˫ҧϣȴҧһաһ˲䣬оԼһ·һ磬α㲻ŵȥ
ͨ
ʿһȴţܹ֪ԷֻһԪܹͨѹԼҲضܳ־ãͨһԪܹάסģοҲȫѹסԼԼеһ壬Էˡ
ˡ
ĵüĳ˳ҹδȥ
ҹδֳһ˺ɫĴǹٵԼ˹¶ٶԽǿ죬ԽԼĵ

ˡ
ҹδγ˵֮Уҡ
ǾǵɫȻ䡣
Ч
䡭
ҹδĴǹѾֱţȫԤϣǸʿִٵ̧ұ۵ǰһֱ۾ͱҹδһǹ飬漴Ŵǹʿͷ­ɨȴſһץ㽫ֱս˷Ѿ˾飬֪ܸʿᣬὫֱջȥ»ָʵ
ǸʿҹδˣȻŭһ֣ץȥϷԪ

Ȼ䣬оԼžҵʹ·Լһɽ̲סһҽУϷڵԪһɢڴʱ˹һ㽫ָ÷飬С۶顣
䡭
Էֱ۵ĴǹԴϣǱϾûнԷԴ飬ҲԷûζһ¡
𡭡
Էŭſ˴ڣҹδһСҹδŲȰԲҡŹڶԷΧ˾Ÿҹδ룬ڶ˲䣬ѳĸ첲ս˷
Ȼһ壬ֱŶԷ˹ȥǹֱԷԴ
Ŀһݣ˶ԷֱѸٵ³ոճһ룬㷢һҽУֹͣҹδ֪ĸħڹԼԵֵԷĵ̫ԷԤϣ˶ԷһֲԼڶʱڽԷһ˶Էʱ䣬Լĸ罫ҲûмԼҲܹߣڶԷڵĸˡ
䡭
ԶԷΪģγһ籩ȫܼķйɣԷ档ҹδһзγһףβͣس˷籩֮С
ꡭ
֪Լϵķһ飬Ҳ˶Էֱֻֿʼֻࡣһ棬Էͷŷ籩ֹҹδ롣޸ʱ䡣һ棬Ҫѹڵħ湥
ҹδнԼܸԷ˺Էضɱڵĸ硣ĸһˣȱڲĹԼ´򲻹ͷ­
ȥ
ҹδ뽫ǹȻŶԷͶ˹ȥϵԲôǹ˲佫籩һ󶴣䵽˶ԷǰԷһȭͷӭ˴ǹȻײСǸոջֱֱָһ롣ȴûзأ˳ƻؽԷͷŲȻ˽ȥ
һ̫⣬öԷͷŵķ籩ͨΪ֮һ͡˻ᣬҹδһ壬һȡʣµһԷ룬۳һ󽣡¡һ˷籩˴ŶԷȺն˹ȥ
ϡ
ҹδ裬еĴͬһ糵ܼնͬһط
ʱĶԷڲħƣⲿ󣬲ͣգһ˲䣬ͷŷ籩÷
䡭
Էȱҹδ뿳ϣҹδ˲佫Էս˷¡һʧȥȵ֧֣Է¡һ˵ϡ
ԷױŭˡҲҹδҪԼǸʿ࣬ԼŪҹδ롣۰ԵĹͷųԼıͨһһķ磬ҹδ


901 ۻ
ҹδܶ㣬ȴҲܶ㡣
ʵ㿪һ㿪ˣʧȥ˹ԷĻᣬԷͨϵعʧȥȻ˶Էлͷɱڵ۰ԡ
ϡ
ҹδȥˣζ˿ռ䣬еĴ󽣣ͬ糵һ㣬ڵϵҴܼؿȥÿһ׼ؿͬһطҪǴ󽣣͸ˡ
䡭
ϣҹδƣܼķлϣ빹úĿףһ顣
䡭
ҹδڿһҴȣս˷ͬʱϵĿҲһ㣬ܼغϡ
ֿһȺҹδܹоԷͷͨС˺ܶࡣˣҹδҲʼһƣͬĴ
飡
ҹδһأӭŷжеĴ󽣿˶ԷĲӡ
䡭
󽣿˶ԷĲϣǱڳܲסҹδжԷļӲȻ顣
͡
ҹδѪɣǷиҹδ壬еĵطѾ¶˹ͷҹδʹϣ˫ȭŶԷԴغȥ
ھƴʱ򣬾Ϳ˭
䡭
ҹδһ֪ǹԼķУڽ͡δף¡һԷʣµձˣ޴˼ʮ顣ҹδķ籩Ҳ˲顣ҹδ뼱æ˫ӣЩֱͽ˷ʱ۰ҲڳվһԡЩƬս֮Ҳ˲۰ԣҹδ뼱æЩ첲ȣƬûиףҹδһ׷ѩҲ˳һƨ˵ϡ
Ͱ׷ѩΧһƬ棬ֿɫ԰ףڵϢָҹδ۰ԣԾصλͬʱ໥
ҹδ۰ԽǸͷ­ɱˣ
Ӧǰɣˡ
̫ˣ
˳Ĭȥãٴν
ô죿
ҲδǱһûʲô߽ʿˣɱˡǵļ磬Ҫؽ
Ǳضġҵ˼ǣؽ֮ô죿
˼ǾŹǣ
ѵһ
ҵȻҪȥŹǣδҲܾǡ
δأǼʿأ
˼Ƭ̣̾ϢһǺҹδ벢û̫Ľ飬˵ʵǷҹδġû۰ԣѾˣûҹδ룬ҲزԣòϡֻнףȡͨҹδŪЩÿʮ꣬ߵһЩӣǰŹǡ
ҹδԣھŹǽǲܵģֻܹһУҲԴԺҹδǱߺֻҪЩϤ˾ŹǣʿǿǿѰͼܲҵǰŹǵͼܹҵǾͿԶ
׷ѩͷȻҲ̾Ϣһ̸װûҹδ˵ǱߣôĻԪȥǿ˼꣬Ҳҹδҵ˾Źǡڶ֪½ǼϣʲôλãҪҵŹǣߴӾŹǱҵߣ̫ˡ
ǿ϶ѣȴϣ𣿡
˵ҲǣҿɣҲˡѾΪ˷棬ںˣɴǾͽһҰɡﵱʲôѰһǿˣؽ۹
ã
һˣʱܳҹδ۰Եƶأʱ䣬ȫָĸһ£׷ѩȥؽⷽ磬۰ȥǸħڲڣڣ׼ȥ򡣶ҹδ
һ꣬ʮ꣬ꡭ
ʱȥһѾؽ˵۹ûнԭ۹֣ǽԻ͵۹
ʱ䣬ûԻ͵۹ĻԻ涼ž޴ɸˡҲ˻ʿĳֻ֣ûеԪʿĳ֡׷ѩڶǰͻصؽѧԺȡΪԻѧԺֻɽΪ˽أû˸ҽ롣ֻҹδ룬׷ѩڴ
ԻѧԺʦɽķһĳ羴
ҹδ۾ʱ䣬͸ˡ֪Ҳֻǽ̲ص͸ˣ͸ˡ
ˣҹδҲԼԼ˺ϵıԵǺϵͬҴ֣Լվ˱ԵܹҲֻһƬȴö룬ǿϵ羿ʲô
ǣҹδҲҲ׼ǳ͸ˣҲûʲôЧ
Լܹǳȫںϣ˵ܹϵ硣
һ۰׷ѩ룬˻֮УҹδҲûдǣȡһհԼȥ۰ԵϢȻȻ뿪
ܿҵ۰ԣ۰ԻǸħ֮УҹδҲǺ棬Ҳϥ۰ԵԱߣʶ̽뵽ħ֮С
̱оӵħԼϮҹδľ磬Щħܸŵҹδ룬ҹδҲʼħ
۰۾ҹδ벢ûȫһֱһʶȻ֪۰Եѣħ˳ҹδ˵ûжħе·ӡ
ĸ磬ôҹδʵ
۰Եֳһ˿ϲɫˣЩסҲȥ˾ŹǣҾܹס
ǻȥ
ãˡδ룬ǻ㡣
ףȥǻûд͸һţʱȻǡ
ã
˻ص˻ԻѧԺɽͰ׷ѩûѣջ֮ǰһȻ뿪
ڡ
ʱ䣬ѾΪɽʵĵһڡѾǵԪΪĿǰɽһΪ
°˳콾ڡ
꣬ڲ˺ܶ콾ʿҲ˺ܶ൤˲šҹδ뵱˺ܶҩڶΪһƬƬҩ԰ҹδ뻹˺ܶĲϣ˺ܶŹϵ⡣
ǳڼҹδµЩ¶ѪҺѾԴΪҩƳµҩʿźǿĸЧ
ҹδصڣҲʼоΪ֪ԼҲûʲôЧͲϵȻҲÿʮ꣬ڿ̳һڵʵøӿ١
ҴǽİȥҹδΪûʲôǵ󶼴ﵽ˺ܸߵľ硣ҶںϵһǰվںϵıԵ˿棬ȴѾԼԼܹһЩҹδдϲû뵽Ҳϵкô
뵽ҲǴķ֧ҲͲ֡
ǰǼʵĻԪʿʼ½ˣʱֹȥԼʱͳ˰ʮ꣬ûǰǼʵĻԪµľ١
Ǽ֮С
ĻԪʿֱǣҹδ룬ǺҡԽƣǧž䣬ȸң۰ԡ
ֻЩڵĵ죬ûлͻƵһЩԪҲûл
ԪԭԪɲֹҲ˲١ټͰ׷ѩҹδ붴ڵܹʮ˸ԪҪҹδ뻹ûȥŹǵʱ򣬻һɼΪӴȴ֪ھŹǣͲʲô
˵ЩԪУԼĸ硭
ĸѾǺϵˣµʿĻԪԲ
Щʿ½ģѾһٶˣҲʮꡣҲ˽ɽ緢飬ڵĻԻͣûмʣȴĽŸм
ûҹδǰȵǻɽͱڵĲˣǵĵͳûˡ
ԣǻŪľ֮󣬵һʱݼҹδ룬ҲҪҹδΪʲôô磬ǿûҵʺϺϵĵطҹδ뵹ҲûֱԸǣԼҵ˺ϵ֮أԼ֮ǰΪǸطʿ׷ɱŻ˼꣬ȥ֮ٻȥϸȥҹδͲ˵ˡǣȵҾһ˵
ûܹҹδ룬޷֪ҹδΪܹǸնɱǶĥŲҹδĶ֣ҲֻеȡһȾǰңڱҹδټ˴˴˿ÿ˶۰Ͱ͵ؿҹδ롣
ҹδĿ⻷һȦȻ󿪿ڵλѣ֮ǰûиǽҷ־ŹǵĹ̺;ŹǵһУһҲ뽲ڶ飬ŵȵҶ˵ΪҲ˼꣬뽫ļ˵ͣҲһʱܳ顣
ʿҲ׷׵ͷʾԼҹδ롣ҹδ˵
һ棬ô򵥣漰ɽԺķչɽԺİȫ⡣Ϊ˵ɽͳ׳Ϊˡ


902 ޼ǲ
ɫһݣɫרעҹδҲʼϸϸؽӽǿտʼĽĺϸԼھŹӣµ鶼ûõ¶õõʼ¶õϡΪЩ飬ֻҪЩʿȥ˾Źǣܻ֪סʼ¶ͺ֮⣬µõı¶ȣ˴Ŀֻ˵˺ٵĿ
ǼˣҲЩõĽ˼㣬Ҳ𾪵˼㡣û뵽ҹδ⼸˾ʣǵҲֳǡҹδϸ˾ŹǵĹ򣬻иǲòǡ
ҹδ˵꣬ʱ䶼ȥ졣ҹδ밲ŴϯдЩˣôҲڱ̬Ҷһʱ䣬¡
˵Ҳ⼸죬һʹϯҲҹδ̽һЩľ;ŹϵһЩʵڴﵽһΪӡ
ϯ֮ҹδ밲ס¡Լʮ󣬴ٴۣЭǰŹǵ顣
ʮ
ʿ־ҹδĶҹδҲżɽλѣôġַһֱӴһЩӢӣеʿǰŹǣһУСչһΣ֮ôʿһ˭˻Źϵʿѻ֪꣬ߵͼӦԲˡֻгΪ棬߳Ϊū򡣡
ȻʮҲˣ׷׵ͷʾͬ
ڶ·ֻЩԪȥŹǣ˵һ°ɡ
Ҳֻ˲һӣǻԪʿ¹ϣ˾һ¾ЩʿȥŹǿҲΪѡûʲô顣ѡȥŹǽУͶˡ
һͼ򵥶ˣҹδȡһ򣬷ֱÿһʿڲͼھŹҪעһоŹǵĵͼ͸˽ֲԼһǰŹǡ
Ҳõ뿪ɽ磬ÿʿкܶҪšҹδҲˣ׷ѩҲˡ
ʱ÷ɿ졣
ڣȻǿշȥǿգҹδȡҵǼʷۣ˽֮󣬷žŹǵķȥ
ʿǼʷʮָȤһ߲鿴һ۷׷ס
ҹδ룬۰ԺžһžɫŸп֪Ȼ֮˺ܾá黹Щ֡Ǻ˹
ҹѣǼʷܹ𣿡
ҹδҡͷҰǼʷ۽о˼ˣЩطûоסҪоȥŹǣܲŪƷŪҲ跨ŪǼʷۣʱţо
Ǻͷ֪ɽ磬˲ŶеڣоЩҲо
ǼУտʼʱ򣬴һܹģһϥȥˡҹδҲʼںǳڼžžŹǷȥ

ԶԶѾ˾Źǣҹδ۾üźǳںϵ߰˰ˣȴûͻƺϵļǼʷͣҲѣҹδ롣
ҹδ˾޴ϴǰָңԶһǾǾŹǡ
˵ĿⶼžŹȥֳ֮ɫҵͻƺϵĻԵˡ
ϵļ֮ɫԻҹδٴοڵǾֿɣ֪Źǻû׷ɱңǺһ𲻰ȫУˮǵλҲ֪ˡʲô飬ҿۼ
ã
˷׷׵ͷȻһ£еĶ뿪еĽСž۰Խ飬ȸͶҽ飬ҸԻأ׷ȥ˶뿪֮ҹδǼʷۣȦӣžŹǵķȥ
ҹδĺСģȴҲûб仯òҲûиıϢҪھŹģصġѾ⣬ԼΪһҪھŹǴһΪ֪ҪһУҲҪʵᱻ̵ʣ
ѡĵطǾһƬɽ֮󣬲ûз׷ɱ顣ҲҹδԤϣ鶼ȥ˰˰ˣǾŹǻͨԼҲʮַˡȥ˾żǱߣǸڣֻͨѾʧˡ
ҹδȥԼͽǱߣѾˣԼͽܶˣҲ֪ںη
ҹδû뿪Ĵתתڲ¥ʮ죬ҲûдʲôмֵϢ
Ͼ˰ȥˣҲǺϢ˵ŹǶҹδˡ
ҹδ΢ģһƬɽУѡһطһ׼չһʱ䣬һ£ص˾ŹǣǷͻơ
ϥڶ֮ڣʶоһоһƺɵϻ࣬ھŹǣŻἤɵϡ
ҹδ뿪ʼٴںǳȻҹδ̷һ¶ȡһϣſʼһһںǳ
һƺɵаһ˿ҹδһ˿ɵʧҹδա
̼Ϊȥҹδ֮ǰûйĸ
֪£һιȥ
ҹδĶ⣬̦ȫһ
ڡ
ҹδ뻺˫ĿڰĶڶһȻֻںڰ
ҹδü֮両ֳһ˿ϲɫ
ڽǳ̺ȫںϣȫںϵһɲǣ㿴ͻƺϵ;
;ǳĺ;ҹδ˵ʣµֻʱ⣬ѾģԼͻƺϵ
óȥˣ
ҹδ֪֮Ҫһһڣܱ쳵Ҫи˳ĳһ촥УǱٴαչأܺһͻƺϵˡ
һԼԪһϲѾһתԪͷµѾʣ޼
ҹδԼһڵʵӦñ֮Լǿ屶
һ棬ԪӴʵһ棬ҲԼĸȻûͻƺϵҲ׽˺ϵ
ҹδ뿪ԼĶʼ
ڡ
ŹĴ֮һ
ϽķΧ㡣
ڴڷΧڵıԵشһǣǡ
ʲôطʲôʱĻͨˣǾŹҲ⡣ͨռžԵشͨ˾͸ˡ
ڣųɶͨˣҲߡٴζӵ߲࣬ҴνĶߣҲǸǿĸ̡
Ҳ֮ģҲŸֵ֮ڷзӡ
һȽĵط޼ǲ
޼ǲĲһʿԼǧǰǣһ󣬱޼ǲ
Źֻǲʿţȴܲ˼ҽһ󡣶ûԼΪҲûԼʿݣûԼĿġ
һԪԲʿｨһ󣬱Ϊռ¹͵ڴ֮ͻƺϵ
˼ؿ㣬κ˿ţ踶ʯֻҪ֮ģҲԽۿ
޵ںܶʱʹ˳ȥһˣҲᣬҲ͡
ǧ޼ǲĲԽԽ࣬չֹ͵Ҳ߲ܣʲôĹ͵ֻҪûУͻ¼еøԴչеָԷеΪԷһ飬ȵȸָĽף޼ǲչ˹ģŹǶһЩ
ԣÿ޼ǲʿܶࡣǷҲԽ룬ѡԼǷ
ǵǳãԵҲǳáǾŹǵ˾Źʿһ𾴡
ǣʮǰ޼ǲʼˡ
˷û˴޼ǲڳˡ˽ȥֻҪȥ֮󣬾Ҳû˳Ȼ˳Ĺעʿ룬ʿҲûг
һˣûнȥΪΪҲߣֱԵشĳϽľ˶ͨˣҲһΪߵҲֻһܵʿԣûиҽȥǽ»㱨˴ڡ
һʱ䣬Ⱥʿ󣬽˳ˡֻֻһ
ڰѴµ񷢲һʱ䣬ȼ޼ǲˣûһǧҲа˰٣ȴֻǳһһʿ֮󲻾ãͻ˻
Ե޼ǲѾһ֮ءƲ⣬ѾˣҪͻƺϵִûɢϽ˴֮УһΣ֮أǻԵ֮صĵط


903 
ڵ̫ϳϣϵصʿ֪֮޼ǲҪ޼ǲߣᵽڣΪڵһ֮ءǸϵǳˣȴΪǱ
Ե޼ǲʮΣգֲΣաҪȫĳ룬ʵǿܹˡѾԳɷ򡣱ҲΪǣ㽫޼ǲ󣬵һء
νĽأֻԷˡλϵʿĻ˵ʿȥһ˿ûԵ߳Ŀܣ˽ȥһ
˿ɲǽֻһ㲻ͨˣ˻һµʿΪˡʵҲˡԪҲǿһЩķˣ޷򣬲ǿҲһˡԣܹȥҲֻ˻ϵʿ
޼ǲ⣬һŷʿأҪȥʿҪ˲ǲ˻ϵʿ
տʼʱڵʿӵ룬ÿ˶Ŷӡһʱ䣬ǵʿͲȥˣΪû˳ǳˣΪûж˸ҽȥϢȥΧʿַӵһûйȥϢԽԽԶŹϵʿ׷׶ԣȻѾʮȥˣÿ뵽˻ǲ١
Ҫ˵ʮˣûһǧҲа˰ʿٴҲװ¡ǿյһ㣬ȥ٣û
ʱҹδվ޼ǲſڡ޼ǲֳ֮ɫ
ڰ˰ǰżûп֮ǰ˵أ޼ǲھŹͦ죬ȻҪһޣ˶ǻԪԲҲ̸Ͷ̸ҹҹδŸȥȴû뵽ٴȴϢͲϢ

ҹδˣΪŴڵǸϵʿľˮƽӦòῴвź
ȥȻǸϵʿǱĳԤʾΣҲܹвҹδ룬ҹδ뻹Ҫȥ
ȥѵִҲá
Ѱ
ҹδ̾ϢһٲŲȥ΢й¶һܵϢ㱻̨̤ͨףһһ׵˴ǰһΣ˴ŵż
վڴڣΧһС
ǲһ¥ǳܹ㣬߸һ¥ݡֱǰߣԿһͨԺĴš߳ţһСĺ԰ں԰һС¥޾סĵط
ҹδ죬ʱվſڣԼֱȥ԰С¥ڲڹһ䣿
ȹɡ
ţ
ҹδ΢ʱʿӴ߽߹ǵǰ֮ǸʿӰʧˡҹδΪ磬Ȼ֪ôʧġ
һҹδɾͲˡڿɲСˡҲо˼ꡣ㿪ʼͷʶо
ţ
û󷨣ҹδ벻ģ뿴ûз󣬽Ҳûˡǣ˾ͻȻûˡ
˻治٣ҹδվʮ˶ʧԼ֮⡣һ˿ҹδվﲻСͲҪˣȻҲʧˡ
е죡
ҹδһ䣬ȴûжپ£Ȼ㲻Ǿͽȥ
ҹδٲǰȻ֮ǰľͻȻһ䡣ԭսʱĿǿտһƬûһ˶ûСȴͬˡĿ֮ŲٵˣѰ鼮ڷ鼮ڵ
ҹδ뾲վۿЩˡЩ˶ˣʲôþ
ҹδ΢΢һ۾о
̫ˡ
ҹδɶҲɣ͹۲죬ԲȥϵЩһһ飬Ȼ¥ݣ¥˶¥ڶ¥Ϲ䡣䵽һ룬ͻȻһ˷ܵĻ
ˣ
Ѱȥһʿ˷ܣҲһܵǸʿһ˫ĿŹ⣬ϥ۾ƺҹδͣĿעʱΧʿҲĽؿеרעе˽
һӵʱ䣬ǸʿԴðһ⣬Ǻе֮СҹδȻ۾ǸʿͬѩڻһʧˡǸȴԶƮ֮ϣΧȻ
ˣ
ˣˣ
ˣ
ҲҪ򡣡
ԣԣɵɽ磡

ˡ
һ֮󣬶ּžһʿֿʼƺûпǸʿνĻ粢ǷǽǸҲ·ûпԶɻܣǸʿʧˣ֪ûп
ǣҹδȴǿĿǸʿ֮ȷʵûһۼ
ȥˣ
Ϊʲô
ҹδ룬ΪһԹߣûз鼮ҲûȥЩʿǼ䣬Ӷһֱ䵽㣬ڼ俴˺ü𻯺
ҹδվ㣬͸˺ԺĿһ
С¥ڻ԰֮Уǽ̦һڸһ껨ˮǸޡȫĺͻһҹδʶ̽飬̽鲻١
ҹδ˳˼
Լھûþ
ҹδ˽һ£Լûþ
еǣΧˡҹδһʿԣλѣ
Ǹʿ̧ͷҹδ룬òѺã
ԷܹԼ
ҹδаɫԣΪҿ˻磬ô¶
һ˵Ǹ˾ͼˣѣǸսģ
ţҹδ̵ͷ
Ǹֿһҹδ˫֣ҹδû鼮Ҳû򣬱
㻹ûѡʺԼĹ
û
ÿŵĶɼҹҵȻԵҲӦÿˡЩʿȥǷɽ硣
ѣûпʿȥĶ
ʿɵƵĿҹδ룺Ȼȥɽ磬ѵ㷽ûпմ𣿡
ţ
ҹδоһ㶣ǽǸ
ţ
ҹδȻһݣԼǿǸʿ򣬶˿ȴ쿪ţʿ
ǾԼ˻þǶԷ˻þ
һѣ羿ô£Щףָ㡣
Ǹʿɫͱˣħ˰ħ
䡭
㶼һʿҹδ˹ÿ˵ɫʮֵкţ
ħ
ɱ
ɱ
䡭
Ѿ˿ʼҹδ뷢˹ҹδʩչԲֻ˲ܵ¥ݴȻͷЩãȻһ£ȻƺѾҹδ룬һȥˡ
ҹδ룬Сش¥ո̤㣬ëȻеЩʿˢˢתͷϵɫʼҹδ뼱æһ˻¥ϣЩϵʧˣãȻһ£ָֻԭĶģ
ҹδվ¥˼ţӦЩ˻þԼƺҲδؾûþֻԼܹѣЩƺѾʧڻþСҹδüͷԼ˵ʱЩ˾ͱˡ֮˵ҹδȻûʵϸ˼һҲŪʲôǻ硣
Ӧʿ壬ϣɽ磬̶Ԫһҹδû˵ǵð˰ǰ۵ʱҲû˵񡭡
ѵ޾ֹ䣬޼ǲ˹֮أ

ҹδһ飬޾ˣǻģ
ǻģŪôһ֮أʲô
ѾˣԼȴģ˵ԼҲ˻þ

϶ǻþŹǽΪ죬ȷʵ졣ԼеóóȻˣӦóȥϸһ£ʲôй졣
Уǹ죬ԼͱҲͬԼѵģǿĺʶ̽鵽ģ˹졣ԼӦûȫ뵽ֹ֮УҲܵӰ졣
ԼΪʲôûȫ֮У
ʼ¶
ҹδһ֣
һʼ¶
ʼ¶赲ֹ죬ȴûȫ赲ס߻кɵϵЧǺɵϺʼ¶ӵЧ
˻
ҹδ뵹һɵϺʼ¶ߵӣȻûȫסֹ죬ֹ˵ǿ
ҹδ⣬Ҫȳȥϸ˽һʲôǹ졣С¥¥Щʿû¥ЩʿɣСһֱһ¥ûзκ䣬һһӣŴų˳ȥ
Ȼ󡭡
Լվڴڣ¶𾪣Լ˴ţôվ˴ڣ
ҹδ˼ΣÿζؿԼ˴ţȴԼվڴڡ
ҹδоͬʱҲ֪ԼĿǰ϶ûа취ȥȻˣԼһֱȴûйһУӦԼȥԭҪȥٶٶѵҪЩ鼮
ԼȥЩ򣬻ֱȥޣ


904 
ҹδһҵˣԼֱյ⣬ֱȥǸޡ٣ҲԼջҪޣҲضյĽ취ҹδתֱźȥŵĴŵģҹδһ˳ȥǣԼվڡ
Ҳȥ
ҹδֳ˼Σȷȥ΢˼Ƭ̣ҹδתǰһ¥ϰڷŵĶ鼮ҹδһ鼮棬д֣
ľ
ӦһľԵĹҹδҪģȴһߵ˸һʿԱߵ
λѣ
Ǹʿ̧ͷҹδ룺ѣ£
ҹδָŷϵ֣ѣⱾʲô֣
Ǹ˿ɵƵĿҹδ룺ⲻдĺ𣿻
ҹδɫһ㣬ͷ˿ϵľ֡ĬĬؽ鼮Žܣȡһͷһ֣󻯾䣬̧ͷǸʿ
ͼڿһۣʲô
ʿ·˷ҹδʹ·ǵһһ㣬ſھ͵
ⲻǻ𣿡
ҹδĬĬؽⱾ鼮ŻܣȡµⱾأ
ⲻǻ𣿡
ҹδɫ糣ضǸʿǣ
ʿе鼮ҹδһ죺
ҹδͷһۡ
׾
лѣҹδ뱧ȭл
лʿͷֿʼͷԼеĹ
ҹδͷеĹûֻǴͷβһ飬ȻУһԼΧûʲô仯㽫ŻܣһĹԼſĲһҲȷʵһִͷβؿһ飬һҲûʲô仯΢΢üͷ
ѵ
Ǿ԰ɡ
ҹδѾƲ⣬ֹ첻󷨺ͷñ°˲ˣһҲ岻ȥڵǸϵʿôȥģڲ֪ضı仯Ȼƽ˱仯ܹȥ
Ҳ˵ҪҪ˽ٴҵ⣬ƽ⣬ܹȥ
Ǿһ°ɡ
ҹδŵĹһĹѾ˵޹ǲܵģǰպʽתԪҲϡƽϥе鼮Լϥϣ۾ʼպķʽתڵĵԪ
ˡ
ҹδͷһ𣬵ȷд֮оԼϥϵⱾ鼮һ˿˿ϵϵ˵ʶӳȥ㿴˴ϥϵǱ鼮ϣðһ˿˿ǣͬһϸ˿һ㣬Լ˽ԼⱾ鼮ͨЩ˿Ϊһ塣
ҹδ΢΢һüͷʶΧ˳ȥͨʶۿΧʿԱߵЩʿе˻ڷ鼮еĿʼüëһһʿһ鼮˿Ǹʿҹδ벻ͬǣ·û˿о
ţ
ҹδĿһԼڣŶͨ˿Ǳ鼮кȥҹδ벢ûֹкĸ֪ԼڵʲôⱾ鼮ȥ
ҹδΪֻǸ֪һϢʱ䣬֪ɫɱʮء
Լ꣬ʶڵĵȵȣǲ巽Ķ˳Щ˿鼮к
ҹδΪܸߣ͵ȻҲʮȻ˳˿鼮кһټһҹδȼΪȹ̣Ҫҹδ͵ȶߣҪճ־õʱ䡣ԣҹδҲżͨգڸ֪ͷⱾ鼮ΪʲôԼĻǵȡ
ʮϢʱ䣬ҹδƲ⡣

ķΪԼ֮ŲġԼ֮ǰûκ鷢
ôΪʲôԼĹͻᷢ
ҹδֹͣԼ鼮֮˿ڣһӽаٱвһʿ֪ضֹӰ£ϵԼĻǵһвĶաһյʱǻ硣ǸʱʿѾһտǣûʲô
ǣ֮ȥ
Уǽ뵽鼮֮󣬻ᷢʲô
ֲɿЦԼΪ磬ҪⱾ鼮ԼڵĻǵȵȫսȥ֪õȵ¡
ͻȻһ
ӦƷ̫ˣ᲻ƷԽߵĹյԽ죿
ҹδ벻̧ͷ˿¥ϣ¥Ĺǿɫԥһ£ҹδ̽һ
˫ĿĬĬظ֪ԼʧЩǣȻԼʶ˳Щ˿뵽Ǳ鼮֮С
в˺;裬ΪԼ˼˳˿뵽鼮֮󣬲ԼģһЩ֣һİĿռ䣬ǰһƬĶ棬ʱվһˣǸҹδ룬ҹδܹоԼʧĶԴԴϵؽ뵽Ǹ˵ڡ
ҹδҲϸϸشΧռŨ·һԵ硣ϸϸ֪һ£ҹδһ

ﵽǺ壬ֱܹٱٶȡ
ļȥʿǲˣһΪõӦþƵĵطȻ뿪޼ǲ
ҹδлŻɣоԼҪѺ鼮ϵƺ̫ѡв˵ǶˣǶܵʿҲӦòѡ
Ȼ뵽ΪʲôеʿûгȥֻмΪϡٵʿŴȥ
ҹδ룬ԼԵ֮СʵϣҹδΪ磬߳Ȿ鼮̫࣬и򲻵ʲôԾǣԼһ뵽״̬ԼڵĻǵȻǧ࣬ŶǸкȥĿⲻ˶Ǹˣһģʱ¶Цݡ
ҹδֹ򣬶Ǹɫʼ忪ʼͬһ㵴ҹδ벻һŶԷһ㵴ȻԼвһͷ

ҹδоһݣԼʶڿźɵϺʼ¶ⶼܹԼвͷʿֹ֮УȻԼڵĻǵһУͻ鼮ˡ
϶ˣǣ
飡
ҹδһȻëȻΪǰëȻ뵽ڵĲ¶м򱾣źܴĿܣ顣
ôܣ
ôõģ
ҹδ벻ٴϸϸ飬иȻֶ飬ðһ˿˿˿ĴǣԼĺҲðһ˿˿˿Ĵǣգʧ
Լ˿⣬ԼĻǺ͵ʶȵȣǱյЩ˿Ϊʲô
һһ˿
Ǵ͸ޣ
ǸǱ壬ִܿЩյĻǵȵȶֹͨĿռ䣬͸ʮ꣬˶ٻǺʶ
ʲôӣ
ҹδ˲оԼĺֱӶϣ²Ƕ֡мһ飬ԼܹռݾԵơҹδȷԼڿЩ˿飬ȴ֪Լܷ֮뿪޼ǲ
Ӧÿԣ
ҹδϸطһ飬˴𰸡Ҳ֪Ҫ鲢ףѡΪԽΪߵʿضѡ¥ƷߵĹƷԽߵĹҲӦԽҪҲԽѡԴԴҹδͷΪʿֵܹԼֵܹΪźɵϺʼ¶˿ûСˣǸտʼԵʱռҲںɥʧճʧǼܹʿĪǴ־ˡ
ԼҪ飬뿪
ҹδüͷȴ̾Ϣһ֪ԼܣȻԼĻǺ͵ʶȣֻǱ˼ϡ٣ʣԼ뿪ԼĻǵȾȱʧֻһ˿ȱʧԺҪͻƺϵˡ
ʱʶǸϵʿΪʲôôǱˣҲԼǵȱʧһǲȡʲôжȴֱޣһ򲻹ޣȻ˲󣬵ضѾǵȱʧԺĵ;ûˡ
ǼƲ⵽ҹδҲûѡԼĻǵȱʧԼĶҪûû˵;
ʼ취Ϊ磬˲뷨ǸϵʿҲͬİ취ȻᱻԼĻǺ͵֮࣬ôԼĹ᲻ᷴ飿
ܿܣϾƷ̫ͣԼǳƷ߾뵽ҹδ̿ʼǳ
һվҹδоһϲԼڿʼաչľȻһǾԪһǶں򡣵ҹδȴüͷΪԼյĻǺ͵ʶȴˣûзջԼɴȱʧ״̬


905 
ҹδķһ˿˲жϣԼȱʧĶˡߵͨض鱳еЩ˿ȥķǸյ˭
ޣ
ҹδ˲жϣԼӦô죿
Ŀǰƺֻһ취Ǿ飬ޱض֪һ޸֪ضҹδΣգźܴĿܣҹδֱԡҹδʱȴﻢ£ޣҲܲԼĻǡ
ҹδתǳľ̫ߣǳƷҲ̫ߣǸѸٵر䵭Ǹ鷢ĺУɫӵ
飡
ʮϢʱ䣬ҹδǿ󣬾ͰǸɢˡʧǸյĴҲʧˣûҹδкֱԵ״
ҹδ˳˼Ǽ뿪޼ǲˣͺԼһ㣬顣Ȼںﵽһ˼ľ磬ԼȱʧһȴûûҲ˵׬ˣǿˡ
ҹδţǸڵĺϵʿԲôˡѾһָоԼԴ޼ǲ뿪Լ뿪
϶ᣡ
ԼϾôȱʧ뿪Ǹϵ뿪
˵ᣬ뿪ǼһʼᣬҲֻε뿪
ҹδվҪȥԣԼܷ뿪źԺȥȻɲܽ뵽ԺתǰȥվڴǰֳԥԼΪǸ飬Լ뿪Լ뿪֮󣬻Լٽ
뵽ҹδ뷴һˡһҧڳȥ̧¥ݣ˶¥
¥ĹͶˣҹδȡһʶ̽룬Ķһ飬Ȼʼתǳûá
ҹδҲʼǸڵĹתһ̱֮ϵԼڵĻǺ͵ʼҹδ̱㿪ʼתǳ򣬴ԼʮϢʱ䣬ڵͱɢҹδҲʧȥϵ
ҹδȻ
ҿֶܹã
ҹδֱӱ¥С¥ЩʿƺѾû˴һȡһ򣬿ʼϵ֮ҹδתǳ顣õʱͱȽϳˣһӵʱ䣬ŽǸñûֱӶޣҲûһԼȱʧҹδҲʶһ־һѸٵؿ꣬Ȼϵ֮תǳûзȱʧΪҹδĶ̫죬ߵĻǣûе齫ߣ㱻ҹδ뷴˻
Ǹ鱻ҹδɢˣջԪҹδת죬ԼԪͬʱչĻйڹ
Ԫ򣬶ΪҹδǳҹδҲڵϲÿһ飬ʶһһµ򣬿ʼһֵķ
һʮʮһٸ
ûзӦҹδҲҪ޻͵ʲô̶ȣ
ԣʿĻǵȣת˳ȥضǱȥˡҹδ벻ϵطһͲ޸֪
²ڵǸϵҲӦúԼȡһֶΣձƵ޲òǸϵ档շǸϵˡ
ҹδʮ־裬ΪԼ޵Ķ֣Ѿݶϣҹδ벻ԼǵȱʧԼĶ
ҹδ־һȻתڵĹ̷֮ҹδ˫Ȼſʶӳȥдܳһ˿˿ְ˿ߣֱӲԼ壬ʼԼڵĻǺ͵
ˣ
֪ڶˣ޲һֱȥԼ㷴ȥһֱţҹδ;е鶼Ȼ֪Ϊʲô鶼飬Ǳضйϵ򲻿ܲô顣Ҳ֪ʿĻǵΪʲôǱŶԷԼܹ֪ΪʲôҲܹһԼĻǡ
ҹδٵתǳ΢΢ֳһ˿΢Ц
ǻԪԲҹδҲǻԪԲǻԪԲͻԪԲһҹδΪǳںǻǺ͵쳣ǿ󣬷ҲԾնɱϵԣҹδȫתǳʱֶԷԷûյҹδĻǵҹδչĸ

ûԪֻи
ҹδһԸոһľ
⻹һֻĸ
壬ֻ޾񣬾һγһ壬Ȼϻ磬ɽ硣
ҹδ˲ȷǼٵģ˵ġԴĹҲΪ޲䡣Ұֹ͹ģмǿջҹδ뿪ʼֻ
ҹδɣԼֻջᱻһɶ
ֲǸϵʿ˴
ڿҹδռϷ磬ڷޡǰŷ޶ǻͼǿջҹδڵѾһ˿ҡڹһЩʱ䣬ԼķջԽԽǿջʧУ޷ǸڵĺϵʿҲʶһ㣬ϵЩϵֻ˳ȥ
ҹδ벻ѡ֮ϵΪҪԼȱʧ֡ⲻȳһ£ҲԼ·
Ȼ󡭡
Լ𲻶ϣɫԼվǺϵȻǺ͵Ҫǿ󣬵ǺĺϵŲࡣҹδϵĲ࣬ڱ壬ԪƫƫڵʶЩ档
һջϮҹδ̾Ϣһ
ﻹ޵ԼޣͻᱻֱաԼǿޣᱻ޹עջԼʧУ֪Ҳա
ôһ
ҹδ룬Լʶռ䣬ռ䴫
飬飬ܹͨսռ𣿡
ˡ
һ£ȻЩҹδڵ˿ߣͬһ㣬ȥ֮ϡ
ҹδһ壬ҲûջҲûЩЩջ͸ԴԴϵؽ뵽ռڡ
ҹδһֹͣתǳȻԼĻǵʶȵȲûб߶ȱʧڵӹ޵ϵ
ôޣ飿
ҹδʶ̽뵽ռڣռڴʱһţҹδ뽫ʶǸӣ̱оĻ繦ջ㼱æжԼʶռڳ޵ͻȻ֡
һʱȥ޲ûг֡ҹδֽռ䣬Ǹ󣬱ִռڳ
ӵվ˴ߣ͸źԺȥѾˣû飬ĿƵǸС¥ӦС¥ڡĿƿʼ۲԰΢΢üͷ
԰ڵĻʮ־޴Ҳʮҹδ뻹ֻ
Ȼ䣬о֮æӣ㿴Щ˿ҪѺռϵȴռЩ˿ģҪ˿ߡȴһ˿˿֣Щ˿Ҽٵӣ˿ϲˡ
ҹδǰĿռͻȻһ㵴Ȼͱռˡҹδ뼱æռڳȴԼѾڲˡΧһƬڰ㴫׽֮ожҧԼֻԼϵԲı̫ǿûҧԼ
䡭
ҹδ̧һȭǿ䱬˰ԼĶΧҹδһ˵ϣĿһԼѾվ˺԰ڡǰһ䱬Ļ
ʳ˻
Щʳ˻ԼĶ֣ҹδ΢оˡΪԼֻҪԼתͿ֮ϵȴû뵽ںϵһĸͲԼռ䡣
ҹδٲС¥ȥ̨̤ףƿ˷ţ˽ȥĿһɨһˣ¥ȥ
֨֨˶¥Ŀһɨûޣ̤¥¥ݣ¥㿴¥룬ϥһˡ
Ǳˣޡ
ʱҲ۾ҹδ롣ɫһ㣺ҹδ룡
޵ѣҹδ빰ʩ
㡭ôжԣ㻹գôģ
ҹδûлش𣬶ϸشޣ죬üֳ֮ź֮ɫ
޵ѣѾˡ
ˣ޵ֳ˴㵡
ԣҹδͷѾû˿
ûˣ
ҹδ벻ֻźؿ죬޵ɫ
ûҲ㣡
䡭
ҹδ˫һû뵽һִȻҲܹͷųҹδ벻ںһ͵Уһ飬鱬˶Էĵ


906 ¶
䡭
޲ϵͷŵǶҹδ׵س顣ҹδԸصĻջ󣬵õභȴ߳ԷֹһȼܹоԷĵԽԽⲻҲ֪ںԼɱ㲻Լȴܹաһһյĸ죬Ҳø졣
䡭
ҹδһֱޱž룬ҲֻǷûнΪ鲻ϵնԷ
ţ
һоԼȱʧˣ֪齫Լȱʧ˻ȻԼҹδ벻һĵıԼҲԼȱʧԼѾһˡڣػװѶԷԼȥǣҹδûѡ񣬶Ǽռա
䡭
޵ĹԽԽ޵嶼ʼر͸һɢˡ
ҹδϥ˼뵽ռڣڰУǸԱߣֳֻ򻹼͸ģһ˿˿ʵҹδоһϲ֪
ҹδռڳС¥Ĵߣ鿴ûջ
¥Ѳ鵽һ¥ûʲôջҹδϥһ¥ٴν뵽ռ䣬Ѿȫʵ
Ƚ뵽ߵǸţĶϣֽұߵĹš֮ռڳ˳˼
ռͬһ
һ˻޵Ļ棬һữ塣
ҹδ飬Ȼ˵ǳģܹġǻʲôҹδ벻֪
һȴߵһ;˻ͱ档ֹǵʶȵȵļ̶ȣҲܹȴ͵һ粻ͬһ磬һͻ𡣶ڶ֣Ȼܹ
ʵϣҹδһѡǾһҲ˱Լû˿Ӱ졣ǣǾڶ֡飬ҷ˼ڶƺԼûʲô˺
ҹδ۾ʼڶֻ
ԵظоԼĻǵȵȿʼ̣ҹδľͶܿͳ͸ֻľ÷ɿ졣
Ȼ͸оԼĻǵʶȵϵԽԽܣüͷšоԼƺʲô
ǻǵʶȵں֮
˵ʵǵΪ顣ھһʵ
ҹδЩݶϣҲֹվΪ飬š
ˡ
ռڣǸű˳ܿͱҹδ֡ҹδٶȻǧ
һҹδ볤һģһСҹδʶڣϥڵ֮С
ǡҹδĹԪ񣿡
ҹδһԪϡ
ҹδԪ뿪ҹδɫһ䣬ҹδԪϵ˲䣬оԼԪ޼ǲϵһ
̱֪ŻǵյԼԪСҹδ뼱æԪϣһŽԪ뵽ռڣǷŽȥˡֺͲϵûʧһ˿˿ӿռ䣬ȴһţûٽ뵽ҹδԪ֮С
ҹδһ֪Щڽ뵽еʿǵĻǸȵȡҹδ벻ҪЩΪԼԪòڷ
ǣҲ֪ԼѾ޼ǲˣΪһƬ֮صƿߡһϵʿηƿߡ
һ⵹һ֮ԼھŹʲôΣգǿԲ׷١
ҹ
ҹδŴˣ뿪˲
ҪȥŶģ˰ȥˣ֪ŶǷڣҪ˽ŹǵľƣʣŶεˡŶ˰ֻҪضռϢ֪ŶûΪŶĵʶӡŶˣ֪ͬǣŶҲ֪û
̡
ҹδվ̵ǰٲ˽ȥְ˰ȥ߷Улԭӣûʲô仯ȴѾûʶԣҲûиıòֱ߽Ŷĵ̡
̺С֮ǰŶҲΪ˾Ӫ̣ҲΪһ̽ϢĵطһۣԽƽԽá̲
ֻһƣŶͨǺǴʱڹ̨һʿǰ˰ǰǸơҹδǸдˣվڻǰ˲һǸ˿ˣҹδǰ
λ͹٣ҪЩʲô
ҹδ룬ȡһУ˹̨ɽڡ
ƹ֪ղգ
ҹδĿһֱעˣǸԼƹ񣬲û˿ʣб㲻һ
ѵƹ
Ŷأ
ķӦɡ
Ҫ֪ҹδóУװһ꼫ΪĲҩֵǷǰֻŶĹӶģûȨضŶĳֱǾŶĳˡ
Ǹ˴Уоֳ֮ɫ죬УЦ
ѣǺöǱȥ׺ɣǱضһüǮ
ҹδͷУĵ̵ˣ
ǣǸ˶ҹδҲܹܿóݵˣҲҪύ
ҹδĿĹˣҲϵ˰ɣǧ𣿡
ϵ굹ϵ꣬ԭ˲ңҲǸոսֲʱ䡣
ôõĵ꣬˵ת־תˣҹδǷ˴ˡ
ޣƨƣƺű߷ߵҵҲͼˣӡ֪˺־Ҵֻ֣ΪߡһǴʯ˹ϵŰ˹ϵûú־ҡ
־
׺һĵӣΪǲߣʦһԪ
ΪʲôôһСĵ׺ڵһĵӣ
֪
ҹδͷֺͶԷ䣬뿪˵̣ڷй˴ԼʱŻص˿ջŹϣ΢΢üͷ
ڲ֪ŶľΪʲôߡΪһʲôͺ־˳ͻΪԼԭܵǣ
Ҳûʲô¶ͺǺ־һ¡
ļ죬ҹδ˺־־һʿ꣬ǲ׺ڵĺĵӡʦ˾ͽìһԪڴʿ
ݵ飬־Ϊ˵͵ȴкܽڲ׺͡
ַһµʱ䣬־һȺʿǰĳ죬˵﷢ʲôż
鳣Уҹδ벻֡ΪϢв֪ʱкܶʿӡҹδǱڲ׺ɽŸϵú־ȴҲһֱŲ׺ڵɽţһܹӲ׺߳ʮ֧顣
˻ƻʱ֣ҹδȷ첻ж֣ʮ֧׷˹ȥɣû˻ᷢܿ׷һ֧飬ȻǵĶԻһӣȷⲻǺ־Сӡαǰ׷ˣ׷ڰ֧飬һһˡ
ΧЩ˶˽кʦ֣ܾܿǺ־
ھ׺ڻ̫Ƕֵĵطԣҹδּȥ׷ǰСӣҵķһ¡
˵ڶҹδֻص˵ڰ֧СѾȷǸʦ־Ǻ־ΪСûպġ
ˣҹδָ죬ʱ䣬ѾԶ˲׺ڡ
ҹ
һʿϥĿ־ҲˡͻȻоԼǻ㱣˹ȥΧЩʿ۾ͻȻ˺
ʦأ
ݴ˰֮⣬һɽС
ҹδ뿪һʱ붴һ뵽ʱǺ־ĴҹδͻȻСģкȻҹδ빥˹ȥ
䡭
ҹδһϿշϽһѺ־ſڵϡ
̤̤̤
ҹδߵĸǰͷʲô˵ʲôֻҪˣҲ㡣
־Ҳӵϻڵϣ̧ͷҹδ룺
ʣ
ҹδ͵صͷϥĶ棺̣
־ɫһ㣺ʶŶģ
ҹδ뵭㣬ҡסҪ˵һѻֻҪһѻ
ѾˣҲӦ֪ϧˡ
ף־һǰҲֻ֪нҵ˵װףҲһ˿ȥĻᡣ
ҹδͷ
еˡ
ҹδؿһۣ־һ˿ҵΪһ̽˸ķ޸˵ġȻұӴˣҲ֪һ˱Ƶһ̶ȣܹӴҪӴˡ
ҹδͷŹǣܹӴ˵ˣɼ˳ϳʮ֮⣬Ҳš
ţκ;ŹǱʿ


907 ԭ
޸ҵĸȴҵʶһӡһ෽波ԣƺûʲôЧȴ֪ӡڣԷҪҲһͷ顣
ҹδ΢΢ҡͷһ־ֻ˵һΧ֪˵ϳ
ӡɲ˵ô򵥣һȥϳˣֻҪһҪ˵ϳλãͻҹδҲûѵ˼ֻʾ
־ֿڵ˸һǵϵ֣õ׺ںϵֵĹҪǡһҰŲһЩ˵䡣Щ˶˵ʿʧȥټϵǣҲ֪
ҹδͷһӦòպ־ĿġȻ־һӶδܹԪҲδܹõϵֵĹ˵ǹ˭֪㣿
ڵڶҲֻ˳Ϊ־Ĳ׺ڵӣӴҲ⣬˵֮ϲ
ʱ־ڵûа񵱻¡һҶ֪ԼܷϵһҲרȥѰЩˡ
ȴû뵽һȥУǡÿŶġ˶һ£˸ҵФ񣬾Ŷģұ뵽̡Ҳ˽ȥ
ǲ׺ڵĵ̣ҲҴҶ˵ˣҲ̽һ£ʧôãȻҲôģ
ҺܻʶڵӡҲҪġ
ŶĳԼݣǶʶӡȴΪܡҲĥŻȥ׼һЩȥݷ˭֪ڶȥʱѾ뿪ˡ
˿ʼ飬Ϣȥ˱ԭķǷԭ֪ں׷鵽һ¶ĵط֮ʧˡû׷鵽
ҹδĬƬֱ̣ź־ѡһһƽʶڵӡȻһµӡ
ƽ˵ӡ־ȣȻֻȻŶĵӡƽģ
ţϽѡɡ
־ЦеѡȻѡڶ
УſʶҪ
Ӻҹδƿӡʶһµӡ
һͻȥԼͬһɡûɣ
û⣡
ҹδ˳˷ʧڶ
־˻ȥҹδֻصϥ֪Ŷĵӡָ򱱷
ȥԭˡ
ҹδ뿪˶̧ͷǺҹ뵽ڣűХȥ
ǡ
һҿջ
ҹδϸϸظ֪Ŷĵӡӡھܽʱ򣬻ظ֪ǳ˾룬ֻһķ⻹ҹδӵԪ֮󣬲ŷԼָܹ֪֮ǰ֪
ûи֪Ŷȷеĵطĸоڱԭ
ҹδڵڶ뿪˺ǣűԭȥûٶ̫ˡӦ
ÿѡһȻϸϸӦȷһ򣬵ڶǼǸǰС
պ
ҹδ뵽ԭĿ֮һƬס
ָ֪һ£ȷŶıضڱԭС֪ŶΪʲôôԶһ·뵽ԭ
Ҳ׷ɱ
˰ǰŶľǻԪأȥ˰˰꣬ԼµԴ˵ѾԪˣҲǻԪڡΪ˲ֻӽԭòҹδ
ϸһ±ԭֲ
ڱԭڣҪ
һѩ壬һֻ壬ѩ塣ǿȻſرѩͨ
һ㺮һţ˵ھŹĴڣֻŶŮӣڱԭŹκжǳĵ͵þŹʿ˹㺮Ĵȴ֪㺮ǡ
ҹδ뾲վڱԭ֮Уϸϸظ֪ŶĵӡȻĿһζӡĸ֪΢һЩ˵ҹδŶѾԶֻǸѩķҹδȻûԭǵξŹǣǹ˴ĵͼڱԭҲİ
ҹδɵƲ֮ϣϢԼ֪ķȥ
գĸ֪ԽԽˡǣʱȴһŨ֮У·ȥ
·һıɽʱڱɽĸˣƺѰʲô
ıɽźܶû֪ЩͨʱĸʿֳΪһС飬ÿѰš
ҹδԶһۣʵڲԶ֮ѾѩĻΧѾܹѩʿ
ջĿ⣬Ķڣʱڶûˣĸʿȥˣûг
ŶĺܾܿͶЩеĳһ֮С
ҹδɶŨ֮УϢܹ֪ŶľɽķΧ֮ڣȴ޷֪ȷеλáԣȣ·ĸʿŶıƳ
ʦ֣ŶľʲôҪģǱץסѵӲɣ
߹հ˹գˣ¹⻬Խߣ¶Խ͡ѾʮϺȻʿϺҲҪתʿҲڲϵġ
Ҳ˵ʿŶʧټ꣬ȴǵ˷֣Ȼǲ޵ѰŶģȴŶһ·ӵʱͬʣ
ȥܲˣᱻʶһӡڻŶǲǽȥӡ
һɫһ㣬ϱòͣѹģ鷳ˡ
ǰԴ˽ֻΡһγֵһʿһУʧʮ꣬ճˡپΣŶĺԲƣһֱӣܲǻɡ
ֲܲڼǰǨˡ
Щӡˣˣǻ֪ġ
ĬȻѰƬ̣һ˵ܹ׽Ŷģǲ˽±ǸŽ
һչһЦҲôġ
ȡͳһϵࡣ
ֱƵĸоĲãֻҪһڣһΪߣ
ǰΪԴżˣǵΪ˶ǵİѾˡȴҪֿơ
˵ʲôΪ
ҶǻԪԲʱɸоǿܿѾϵ
˵Ѿ˺ϵȴûдҵȣ
ˣҲſǰӡ뿪ˡ
ǿԽӡķȥ£һˣ
ȷֹҵŶķǳҪ
ǰҵŶģ
һͨڣʿҲ̸żͬĻ
ڿУҹδڰСȻתףüͷʮѩ
ڹ⻬ıϣû˿ʣɡһߣһߴЦ̸ʲô
ҹδƿĿ⣬Զȥüͷšһ
·ʮ־ܹɵֳĶضѩʿѩ֡
Ļ鷳ˡ
Ըֻ·
ʮѩͻȻͣǲͣſһѩ˵
ζ
ҹδɫȻЩѩ徹ȻͨһϢҲȥЩˣֻǽת˫·
·ʮѩߴߴ˵Щѩ廹б£ֻƬʱ䣬һǰȻС˽ȥȴʿ档
ҹδټɨһ·һУ֪һ·ڳսѩʿ̻
ˣԼӦô
ҹδ˲˾ֻҪŶûг֣ԼӲ
֮󣬱ͻȻش˵ڵѩʿɫһ䣬ѩصķӶȥҹδһջûг֡
ܿ죬ѩǱ߱һȺʿ߷ҹδһϢں֮СȥۿֻǿռĲܹ֪˲ֹһԪʿƺûкϵʿ
ѶѩʿָЩѩʿѾܹͨĺĸڴβͣسǸ
ҹδҲأԸŶĲڡһ鷳
ѩĵ̣һѩסҹδ룬Ҳûаܹ롣ѩҲкϵĴڡ
ಡ
һѩʿ˱ڣȴĸʿڱ⡣
ЩʿãһڵʿӦҲ˵ͨĺΪһ·ͬ鷢ŶģҴҴӱطӱڳ˳
ʿĸѩʿ˶Է˴˾һ㶡ѩʿӭʿʣµѩʿһ˱һѩؼɶȥҷ˳Х֮
䡭
ʿǻԪڣĸѩʿΪߣֻһ棬㱻ȻոշХǸʿҲʿɫȴΪѿ


908 սϵ
ʱǻβ֪ԼǱѩ巢ˡһۣ㲻ٹԼͬ飬ŹԶӶȥ
ܿ죬һǿϢѸ
ϵҹδһݡ
Ǹѩϵʿû˿ͣȷʿӵķ򣬱ֱ׷˹ȥ
ಡ
һѩʿϵûȥǵĺϵ׷ǶԼžԵġ˱ϣսۼȻ棬ʣµЩʿ뵽֮С
֮ڡ
˵ʿűӡΪѩʿԽԽ࣬Ѿ·硣ͨһгڣյͶˡ
ǰ棬Լǧ֮⣬ŶҲڷӡɢž֮ɫҲǱ׷̫ԭ׼Ϣָһ£ټȴû뵽˵ʿô졣
ٶȷɿ죬ֻž߹հ˹յͨзɵü졣
۾ͻȻһǰ˹㣬ֻܹǳڡ
ಡ
Ŷĳ˶ڣȴǲҳʣĿѸһɨαűɽ䵽ɽţɽţɽӶȥ
ҹδȻһͻȻоŶӡࡣȻŸ߿ձֱسȥͬʱһ˫͸Ʋ㣬·Ѱȥ
ɵü죬ֻǲϢͳ嵽㣬ҰҲÿڡȻͿɽ£һڵɽԶӡ
ҹδֿӰһڳ˳ʿȴûŶǰ㣬ֱӳĶԶȥ
ಡ
ѩʿӱڳʿ׷˹ȥȴѩһ£ѾɵĺڵŶģæȵ
Ǳ߻һ
һԪԲŶ׷ȥмѩͬʱ˳Х֮
ಣ
Ѿ֣ŶҲΣͬһɵ˿УԶӶȥ
ҹδ̾ϢһԭĴǣŶûбֵĻҲ̳֣ȵŶĵһ֮ٽߡ
ʱòˣΪЩѩһХһЩѩ壬ʱŶĵĶ棬һȺѩǡóŶģŶĳɱ˹ҹδ֪ԼҪˣΪŶĵĺ棬һԪڣǰҲһԪڣԪҲɱŶģǾסŶȴѾ㹻ˡ
ѩĵϱסû뾡콫ŶĴߣǸϵ
ҹδŵ温ֻͬʱĻȥŶĵǰ棬Ŷĵĺ档
·ʿȻ̧ͷŶģ׷ɱصѩʿж֮ɫ
ֻհĻ¡
·˶̷ֱǹѩ壬ŶġŶȴû˿ϲãһĳ˹ȵס
ܹԼֻ壬Լܵ壬ֻˡôǿһʿȻ֣ڻɱѩ֮Լ޷ӦԣᱻԷ׵ץߡ
һ뵽ᱻץǰһƬ
ͬʱѩʿѾԼ㲻ƣ̺ͷѩͨӭơ
䡭
޴ĺԭӡҹδξֱŶĸȥûٹУѩ廹ûлġͬʱʶ
ңҪ
Լĵת۷壬׼ͷŵŶģɫһ㡣̫ϤˣҲΥˡǿϲ̧ͷ˸ҹδ롣

ŶһİЦݡȫɣҹδץסļһ̣ξʧˣ˷֮ڡ
ҹδҲвأһ֣޷ءѩĵ̡
Ź㺮ķӶȥ
ûֱűԭ֮ķӣ·̫ԶˡУֻԼһˣᱻѩ׷½أձΧԣֱ㺮ķ򣬱Ͼ壬ҹ㺮ѩһֱǱԭϵĳСֻҪ㺮ܹԼһ£Լܹӳ졣
Ȼʼѩʿ˷ҹδΧɱ˹ҹδѾû˷룬ɽ;ˣǸͷ­ĹУѾˡԣһС
Ѿѩʿ˫ľ˲伴ҹδһһû˶ʮѩʿѩʿͬ½һ㣬ŵ׹䡣ҹδѾԶȥ
ಡ
Ӱҹδ׷λԶͷͨԭϵıͻȻ䶯͹ȻγһˣܿһƬڱԭԾ׷ҹδ룬ٶȼ졣׷ĹУ۳һ֧֧ìſеҹδ͸ȥ
ಡ
ҹδҡֱϣЩì׷׵䡣һ׷ҹδѩ壬ʱҲͷŵͻȻ˴ѩÿһƬѩͬһԲҹδи
ѩ壬Ǳԭĳ
ҹδһĻȫֱǰȥײһѩѩԪԲмɵ
ٶ̫ˣ
һͷŵһ߼ӿٶȣѹեԼһǱ
ҹδʱҲ࣬½Ϊű׷һ½ͻͷűìڸ߿ŷѩ絶ɱеһ

һХȥײ˷ѩѩʿûȥ
ѩʿһѩ۶γڣҹδ룬ȥ
ֹ
ǰͻȻ˽ҹδĿȥʮӰУǹ㺮ŮޣһüĿ溬ɷ
ҹδҲ̫ͣ鷳ֻǽٴηҡ𣬴Щ㺮ʿϿշȥͬʱк

㺮Ϊ׵һŮüëһҪҹδ룬ȴХʱѩʿδӱβХ

䣡
Ȼ飬һڹ㺮ŮӴӳһƬƬ֣סƬ
ѩʿסΣȵ㺮Ҫѩ忪ս𣿡
Խˣ㺮еһŮӺȵ
ǵȥǱɱ˵ġ
ǲǹ㺮ˡ
ȻǣÿǱֻ֤׷һˣԹ㺮޷
У
ǾͿսѩʿ䣬׳ХХֱ̣֮
㺮ŮɫҲһ䣬󷢳ĳХ߿
ಡ
ѩغ͹㺮ķ򣬷Ӱ˫ʼۡ
ס֣ͬʱһһŮ
ӵǷȥ׷ɱʿѩϵʱѾɱʿߵĳХɶŮӵǴӹ㺮ķǹ㺮̫ϳϣҲΪϵ
ѩǷХĻԪ̺棬㺮ʿɱʮˣǱˡ
ǲǹ㺮ˡʱ㺮̫ϳҲ˹
ѩĺϵ֪һҹδߵĿռ䲨ͻȻʧԭأٳѾڹ㺮ʿ󣬹㺮̫ϳϵѩʧ˲Ҳʧˣͬʱڹ㺮ʿȵ
ѩ棬Ҫʲô
ѩͷҲصҹδķ׷ȥڿռصϵţҿսһɱ㺮ѩ˷ء
㺮̫ϳɫãʱ㺮ʿҲڹ㺮棬ѩ˾ؿŹ㺮ʿˡ㺮̫ϳջǿڵ
ع
㺮ʿҲˣ֮䣬ջָ˼ž
ԭ֮ϡ
ҹδڼɣűԭ֮ȥȻ䣬üͷ΢ͷȥһڵԼѸٵرƽ
Ǹϵ
ҹδûо֣˷ܡ
˰ˣȻԼľ粢ûͻƺϵǱϵԲԪתһɡ֪ǸϵȣǷܹһ
̫Զ֪ǺϵأǾȱȱٶȡ
ҹδ̤䣬ٶȻһںǳ֮󣬴̤ǲ
ÿһ¶ٶȿǹ⡣
ѩϵĿһٶȣϵҲ׷ϲϡǶԷûϵΪλ˿죿
ѩ³ڣһ߿׷ϣһָ̧֣ƣ³һڵͬʱһա
ڷӵҹδ룬㶸ȻоΧĿ¶ȼ½ĿĹˣΧеˮֱ˲˷ټѹֻĿĹ˵˲䣬γ˺ıǽٵؼѹͷϣ£ĸûһ˿϶
ҹδ뽫һһڿмٵתͬһת
͡
Ӳǽתһ󶴣ҹδں
˲Ϣ֮ҹδ΢΢üͷ
ǰ취ٶȱǽơ㲻֪Ǳǽ᲻һֱʼڱǽ֮ڡǸѩ棬ǿеزסͷıͨ
ҹδһץס˲˲ֱͬһҹδһ̳
ǻ
䡭
𺣶ǿƵû˱ǽֻ˻˻֮ˮ


909 
ҹδҡҡͷͣѾʩչ̤ǲƱرѩ׷ϡǾͣͶԷһͻϮԼںϵʿǰΡ
˻˻
𺣺ͱǽ㶼ʧ֮仹ˮѩѾ׷˹ո˵󣬴һӣƿˮֱ롣
һԼδˮ֮Уβ̧ͣһָҹδ롣
͡
һߣҹδ缤ȥ
ҹδ뽫ŶԷһ̡
ƣ
䡭
һŴײȥǱһָײֻǺԶԷٶҪҹδĵǸոձͱһָ档
䡭
һָʹǼͬʱ𣬵ǶԷڶһָѾ
ϵվǺϵҹδǿҲǺϵڵͷŵٶϣ˶ԷһǼˣѩҲһľȡԷٶֻǱԼһҵȴͬ
û˻Ԫı̬
䡭
ʱҹδѾͷŵ˫ͬǹŶԷıһָ˹ȥ
䡭
ǹһָ顣ѩ治ϵͷųһͨʮָɣ춼һ޴ָĴָСָͬǧָҹδ롣
ҹδ벻ͷŵñǹͷŵͨصٶȿ϶ԷõȴǱıǺϵԲٶȲȶԷһҪࡣ
ˣҲһľ档ֻҪԷ־룬ûзĿܡ
ѩʱҲüͷҹδʱǺϵأοҹδıԳӦǺϵڣ
οٵĽ֮˫֪˱˴˵ʵ
ҹδ֪ԼǶԷĶ֣ѩҲ֪ԼʱöԷûа취ҪԷֻкԷźԼûоѵ˵ɱԷ̫ࡣ
ǾͺԷ
ԼģԷɱѩ弸ʮˣԲܷŶԷ뿪
ಣ
ԶһӰǹ㺮̫ϳϡѩбһеû˿ȴһ
Ҫս𣿡
㺮̫ϳĿҹδ룬Ի󡣾㺮ӱԭǶҹδսʿԲûйעʵϣҲϸٵռŹϵϣЩ콾©
ҹδսþ콾ݣ裬㺮ôûϣ
ôûӡ
ǴʱȻӦһѩ棬ѩ忪սڹ㺮˵Ҳһƽ١
ֻԹۣ
ѩ΢ɣȵԶЩ̷ѩ壬͹㺮ս
ã
㺮̫ϳϣȥսԶһȫľ롣룬ѩ棬ҹδеκһ˽Ӧʱ䡣
ˣѩҲʼרҹδ롣
ҹδҲʼרӦԣɴǹһйȻԷҪս
û⣡
ҹδҲˣԼϵأԷֻһԪ㱾ǺϵԲԪԪϵصԪȫܹĵϵԲġΪԹѪԪԪеﴢûС
ҹδȴɺͶԷģ·Ѿû˰취һ㡣ʵҲҪԼ⸱壬һϵشĵĻֵܹʲô̶ȣ
;Źϵĺϵ϶ٲһܹ۵ľ飬˵ǳҪ
䡭
˴ʮּңȥѩռԵϷ磬ѹҹδҹδֻܹԶۿĹ㺮̫ϳȴôΪΪҹδѾ˰ˣûмҹδ˥˵ס
ҹδ뻹ֲܹϵʱ䡣ҹδݽߣѩԪҲĵ߰˰ˡǸʱҹδٶõԪͷŵߣѩδסˣ׷ˡ
ʵϣҹδҲǱ⣬ԼܴܲӺϵصߡ
ɫذѾȥҹδѾɣѩԪҲ˽ĳɡʱҹδ뻹ûлţѩȴüͷĽҹδնɱǿԼնɱҹδ룬ԼڵԪҲʣ²ĳɡʱԶһԼµĹ㺮̫ϳϣǸʱ㺮̫ϳԼ֣ҲûնɱԼĿܡȻԺСԼȴܲ
ѣɱҹδ룬ԼվҪվҪҹδ뿪
ʱҹδ֪Լ״ڼӾ磬ȴҲ֪ѩԪģԼԪһ㶼ûģӵش֮ǰʱ䣬ҹδȫƾԼȫʼͷŵˡ
ʮη֮УżͷһǹƣȻ֡
û̫ľ£ΪĿǰΪֹûʹͷ󣬸ûʹ÷ͶӰϾԶһϵڹۿ뱩¶Լĵơ
һʱȥҹδѾԼΧȻһǧ֡Ȼװ֧ʼѩĹ£ˡѩҲڻƽѩûлҹδ룬һҪֳһ˿ע㺮̫ϳϣһ棬ΪԼȫѹҹδ롣ɱǷţȫԼһ֮䡣
ҹδܹģҲֻǶһʱ䣬Ҫγв޿ܡ
һ֧ˣһƽأѩѾֵıԵ
ԶĹ㺮̫ϳ΢΢üͷвֳһ˿źҹδôͼֲסˣԼҲûлնɱѩ档
ǲѩ忪սΪѩϵڡԼлɱѩ棬̺ѩ忪սѩ塣㺮ΪԭΨһ
еʯѸ˾ҹδ봫λСѣɷټ֣
ҹδ˲ˣŲһ٣װһͬʱܣ
ɱѩ棿
ǣֻҪһЩԪǸʱұ֡ҺնɱҲ԰ȫȥ
ҹδ봫ҲҪ㣬Ҳܹȫȥ
ͬΪ壬Ӧ֡
Ȼˣǰڳ֡ͬΪ壬ΪһԹ
ҪΣ
ʲôô
ҪôͲɱѩ֮ɱ㣿
£ɱҡߣѩסҲס
ҪΣ
Ҫڱԭһš
ܣ
ҪھŹǽһš
Ҳܣ
㵱ȻˣҪھŹǾǷͬҽŵʱҪվߡ
û˻ͬģǸʱͬ⡣
ʲô鶼пʼ
˵
ǡ
㲻ɹģΪû˻ͬ⡣
һĻأ
Ҳͬ⣬ΪҾͲͬ⣬ǷŹѩ档
ãҪһ̻ᣬҪ㺮ҴɽЭͨޡ
ԭǰʨӴ󿪿ڣĿڴˡ
ֻ˶ΣҵĿġ
㻹ϡ
ҲϣͲˣ
ɣ
ⲻͽˣҲóԿҲֻԴףΣ˵ģҪھŹǽһţϲܡˣҰɱѩ棬ͿԴٽѩ壬ĳΪԭƿߡһƿصıԭţӴ󣬾ŹǾͲĴţšһ㣬׬ˡΣԺ֮ĽףҲǻݻ˵ҵõҪСܶࡣ
㲻ǵδ˵ģŹǲͬҽšԾŹǵʵĺܵ𣿡
ãͬ⡣
ãģҰɱѩ棬Ժǹƽססǹƽס
ã㺮̫ϳҲһɴ֮ˣ̴ġ
ҹδ̴꣬Ϣ̷֮
Ϣ
ԣѾ壬ҡ
ã
ڿʼϢʱ䣡
ҹδٴοʼˣһ߻ӶѩĹһ߻ˡѩҲغҹδ뱣һľ룬ƽ
һϢϢϢ
ϣ
ҹδ봫ȵͬʱηˣһߵĹ㺮̫ϳϸûеҹδ봫Ϣ֮󣬾͹ϵسѩ档
ϡ
Ȼ㺮̫ϳȫѩ棬ǰľ𾪡
ǸһУȫѩûؼǣܹÿһܶǳǿܹвѩȻҲܹв
Ȼʵʲôʱµ壿
㺮̫ϳϵоȻڴʱҹδв˼ɵ֮ǰԲܷ顣һϵصʿһԪɵ
ͬʱ˵ҹδ룬һη˻ŵĺΪ˶֡Ƿɱֳѩ档
䡭
Ȼѩг˳ˣĹͷ¶˳Ϣήҡԭ̫ԪֱͻȻϮƼءǾһ˲䣬ȻȻתͷ㺮̫ϳѾǳһն


910 Ѱ
ң
ѩоŭһͬˮһĳìӭ˹㺮̫ϳϡ
䡭
һưı죬ѩε˳ȥһ첲飬ȥƼ죬ǽŹ㺮̫ϳϵߡȴΪֱ̫࣬ˣջһ첲
㺮̨ϳϵɫһ䣬ѩֱ۶飬ɴʩչѪԼ׷ˡ
ţ
ҹδӰѩıֻһԭ򣬲ܹҹδǡóôʱ˵ѩͬԼײȥһ㡣ǾҹδжѩߣǰȥǸλÿλ
䣡
㺮̫ϳؿҹδһǹ䱬ѩͷ­Ȼһֽѩʬս˴ָЦɫĴǹΪѸСҹδϣҹδЦӯӯΪ
ҹδѣ֪ѵš
㺮̫ϳ̾Ϣһ޵Ǻ÷ɡսʩ
ҹѣ˹㺮̫ϳϣ
ҹδٶʩҲŶѩ忪սδ͸ˡ
죺㲻ҪҽǲҪϸ̸һ
ҹδ˫һ̯һûأнҲҪ꣬ҲǧꡣʱȻݼѡ
ݸͷã
ǣ
أ
ҹδתȥҹδӰʧڰ֮䣬ɫӡʱѾҹδ˭ˡ
˰ǰŹǷơ
սϵһأնɱżУնɱϵʼ¶ͺɵϡ
ûͻƺϵܹնɱϵͻƺϵأ
ʱëȻԼһ£оҹδһͻƺϵϵ۷嶼ܹնɱԺϵڣҲܹߡ
ҹδѾõʼ¶ͺɵϣΪҹδͻƺϵֻʱ⡣
õİ취Ȼҹδͻƺϵ֮ǰնɱҡҡͷҪնɱҹδ̸ף
ܹնɱɱˣ
ƿرԭɡ
תȥ
ҹδɳ˱ԭڱԭһǳšһԺ䣬ȻŶķ˳ȥϴϢһڿԶ
ŶĴʱ鼤ˡ
ҹδֵԺǵưɡ
ǡ⼸ȥھżնɱϵȥʼ¶ͺɵϣ
ǣ
ŶĸӼǡѿͻ˺ϵ
ûУѾ˷ģֻҪ㾡£һͻƺϵᴴʺͻƺϵĹ
Ŷվҹδʩһ񣺡лѡ
أɡ
ǣŶٴôӳģ
ɱѩ棬Ȼӳˡ
ɱѩ棿
𣿡
Ǻϵ
ֲûɱϵ
Ŷһʱ磬˷˲δ²̣ȡ
ˣô˱ԭ
ץ˺־ˣ̸Щ˰һ˺ܶϢ˵
ã
һ˵ʱ䣬⻹ŶҪ˵˰Ϣķǳ࣬Ҳ̫ϢʱˣŶҲû˵ҹδ꣬˰ľŹǾƱһ˽⡣
żŹǺϵʿ̫࣬رںɵ֮СŹ˴ԼֻʣʮϵʿǱߵľŹҲࡣ
˵ÿξż֮󣬶ǾŹʵʱڡ
ҲʿĻᣬʣʱڣ̻סϾϵʿô࣬ʿĸ࣬üڵʿ޵̻
˵ôˣҹһҹһֱҹ𣿡
Ŷ˵ǵϢǺ˽⣬ֻ˵
ҹδ۾һ˵
˺ãһСӡһУڵСҲܹ˵ԭ
˻֣ÿ˵Ըֱͬǽľˮ˾˵ڶǻΪʵˡÿ˺ͬභսʤܹԽս˳Ծǣһһս֣ǵԪҲɱáԼʮǰɣ˱նɱһԪȵҲǸʱע⵽ǡ
ʵǣǺ͵Ǻֹϵ
ҵĵӣ
ҹδ䣬˰ˣԼǵĹԴӵŬеˡһԼĹһЩʺϵĵطԼѾȫһ棬ûԼָǡоԴҲùˡҵǣָһʱ䣬ӦûܿͻƵԪ³һĿŶġʱŶؾصڶ棬ҹδ䣬Ⱥ
ġ
ѡһǲϰ߳ƺΪѡҼǵõҪһ̻ᣬڻƻ𣿡
У
ҳƺΪ᳤ɺã
ãŶ˷ʲôʱʼƻ
Ȳ˵ҹδݹȥһ򣺡ĹЩƫȫ˵һЩаĵҩΪԭΪ˰ʱ䣬ָܹԪڣ㻹ͣڻԪڡ
ŶҲһȻҲûͳЩҪٳɡĹȴܹٳɣȴҪаĵȻž磬սȴ֮Ҫֹٳֻһ棬һһֱⷽоϣҲܹٳɺϵ
룡ҹδҡͷܹٳɺϵҲһȺСϵĺϵڵľ磬ҲܹɱһȺҴֹ֮һǽ𾭣ʺ㡣ڸϣԭĹҲ塣ĵԪսĶ̰塣֮ϵϢҲ䣬Ȼڸıòϳܹûй˼ɵȥʼ̻ƻ
ŶļæĶ𾭹Ķһ֮󣬼л᳤
ҹδҹһĶ
˵⼸ʮ꣬ǶڷﻷɽǱߡ
УǾȥǱߣҵǡҲܹĸ֣չ̻ƻҲܹһЩҵķ𾭡뿪
ã
ҹδûԼȥﻷɽǻʯһҷۡŶڷڲ˾Źǣ̱оĲͬǳںϣµ
;еҲûзʲô飬Ҫǰ˰ǰھż̫ˣʿ˾ż
ȻʿͻŹϵ˿ڱͬһһЩ˻ھŹ˿ⷽʧԺԲơ
ǣ㲻ҪˣʿΪ㣬кܶΪ߽ʿʿһϲճһ飬Źֲûд˾Źǵ˰ƽ涼ӣϣܹʧ
ﻷɽˡ
Ȼ۲ֱӽڷﻷɽǽھﻷɽ֮ķﻷǡ
ҹδӷסһҿջȻŶ𾭡֪һŶĵϢϢѾ˱仯ֻǻûб仯꣬Ҳǽ𾭻ûԪ硣
ȻŶǻԪ磬ֻûнԪԪ硣ƻҪµʱ䡣⻹ΪҹδרŸһ
ŶĵḶ̌ҹδӷڳȻ߳˿ջ뵽һҲ跻һͼ㡣ȡһʯϣԻʵ
֪ҹһ𣿡
֪ǸƷǳؽǿʯ
֪Ķ𣿡
˳ߣῴһϣҹӡ
ҹδɫһ㣺ҹһﶨˣ
С˻֪տڲԡ
ҹδ벻ݸȡһʯϣǻѸٵ
ҹҲԷĵʱÿһطһլӶһֱﶨӡ
ҹδˣһլҪסջʣߵʱܹլˡ
ǹϸ˿Լڹò⣬˵ԴЩţ򲻻ЩСǮ
û뿪ؽһ꣬߳˲跻˳Ŵȥñ㿴ҹ
ʶ̽ȥ˽ơҹδڷľ磬ܿͽƿһߣȻʶ̽˽ȥɨһȦûˡ㽫ʶջأָ˽ơ룬ֻصǼҲ跻ֽǸƽ˹ȥһʯ
ҹûˣ֪ȥĶ𣿡
֪ǰ컹Ȳ裬˵ҪȥﻷɽٶҾͲ֪ˡﻷɽܴС˲֪ȥ˷ﻷɽĸ򡣡
ҹδͷת뿪ŷﻷȥ߳⣬ŷﻷɽȥҹδΪ
ﻷɽܴǲһɽһɽԶɽɽҹδڿУʶ˳ȥһ·ɽȥǿʶѰ£ҹڷﻷɽضᱻҹδҵ
Ȼʱҹδҵҹˣ˰ȥģǵӵӣҲ˰ٶֻͣһģ


911 ̻
ʱʰһֻޣǸѾˣҹҹŮھ䣬ڽֵǮĵطʰ
ҹδ̾ϢһԭӣֻΪ鹦Ǵʱȴؽ˵Լĵӡ
ӵʵҪĳţ࣬ԴΪ⡣ǲϼţɢ޵Żࡣ
ʵҲˣûеҹδ룬Ͷˣ߲ˡҹδ˵ʦǾżرգѾȷʦˣҲϼšǵУԼеͳдеģʦˣҲתͶ
ҹδúɵϵ飬ҲֻоŹϵĸ߲֪˲֪ԣҹһжΪʦѾˣ˰Ϊǰ껹ãǻҹδµԴһ·һ·ͻơǴǰҹδԴùˡǹɢ޵
ɢ޵ûкùģΪߣֻҪɢޣӾͶù˵Ǹ󣬲˭ͻһ磬ͻὫ󲿷ԴøˣΪڴ󾳽ʼһͱڣǻΪֻڻΪеСв졣
ǣΪǵԽԽءһ棬ΪԽߣҪԴҲԽߣЩԴǧĻۣɢֻԼȥңһ棬Ŷǰָ㣬ɢֻܹԼ
ҹδڰ֮ϣĿ·ӵ̸
磬ǲӦ뿪ﻷɽˣߵԴѾ㲻ˡ
һʱ䣬ЩԴòϣǿʯȻܹʯǿԹһЩԴ
Ҫ˵ǻһʯȲŹԴѰһطһš˱иˣռԴ˵̣ǲܹڵԴռ
ףסȴѡɢ޵ݣЩŲǡҪţҪǵԴᱻԡ˵ˣҪţһ֮ءӵ֮أͱţ壬ĳЩռˡ˰ٶ꣬һ֮𣿡
Ҫȥ⣬Ѱһĵռ
ҳĬ죬ҹʦھͺˡ
ʰ޵ҹһˣֶһ٣Ȼʼʰճ˺ܶࡣ
磡ҹڵ˵ʦʲôΪ
ӦñǸ߰ɣҹһԥһµ
֮ϵҹδҡͷ̾ϢһӿҪֲ֧ȥˡֲ֧ȥǻȥûԴ֧ǸһȥѰһӵĵˡӵĵôң
УҲǴ󲿷ֱʿߴռݣôɾͱҹһҵһ
Ҵ֮ãã޼ʣ޴ڣҪ½ϻҪաûа취·
ҹδ·ȥӾ̧ͷȥȻʹԭأŶͬһҹδ롣һֱҹδǵǰ˲ȻӦ˹ɲţ̽ʵ
ʦ
ҹδ̾Ϣˣ
ʦҹҹŮҹδ˹ȥһͷҹδĻҹδҲ˫§סŮӡҹһ˴ʱҲ̲סˮ
죬˲΢ӼƽһЩҹ̧ͷҹδ룺ʦ˰ȥĶˣ
ʦ˺ɵϣȻ׷ɱȲ˵ˡȥϸ˵
ҹ
ҹδ룬ҹһˣŶΧҹδ뽫Լݻҹһ˵ûʲôȣʦʲôݣʦʿôˣ
ԼǾŹǱˣûʦǶ
ʦǽɸʦҹ
ҹҲͷεؿʦΨҹһ˼ҹδҹһ
ҹһʲô뷨
ʦ˵ҪھŹǽһ̻᣿
ǣ
Ǹǰ
ţ
룬ǰ̻ᣬһšˣǰڰǲǶʦ
ҹδ룬οصͷҹһѾܹһˡ
ҹһҹδǰ¶˼Ժɫɫһ
ֻҲĵط
⣬ʦ˰ҲȥٵĵطǾʺϽţҪĵط
ҹһ˱˴˶һͷ˼ҹͻȻڵ
Զɽ
ҹһ۾һҹһʦԶɽʺϡ
˵˵
Զɽ棬ƺɽûΪȻãȴûһƺɽǧɽ壬˵Ҳ֣ûһӵλúܺãΧƺɽʮһǳأƺɽڣҲŲٵļȻิӣ˿ҲܼΪߡҲûţûдԭûֱĴСһеҪԭ򣬾ΪûԲûźʹ
Ǿȥҹδ̾ߡ
ʦٵȼ졣
ţ
ȵӽլˡҹһЩ˼˵
ҹδ˵ǵʯȻ뵽ԼɲǶһˣҪ̻ᣬұҪšҹһ˼·ǶԵģ׬ĶҪ׬ͷͬ⡣
ǲ׵ĵطʦ˵˵ҹһʡ
ǣʦ
ҹһ˼һȻſʼ⡣ļ죬ҹδסÿָŶĺӡ죬ҹһլ߸˿ʼǰ档ʱڶƺɽңԶľ롣ҹδҲûдǳۣûзСһ·Сڲе;СϵظŶĺӴڹ͵
Ҳ޸ĺĹĵӡҲʱغд裬доǵĵ⾳ϸ㡣
һֱ¹ȥŶתѾɣΪͻƣӻԪ۷ͻƵ˻ԪڡһϢѾȫ֮ǰͬ
һա
һ¶һƬСҹδһ顣
ģѾıϢȥ̻ˡô￪ʼȽϺã
᳤ٴλص׺Ǳߣｨһ̡ԭ򡣵һ׺ǱߵʿϲҲİȫһ棬Ƚ졣׿չ
ã
ҹδȡָҹδɫԭԴͷǳ࣬ھżУÿնɱһʿͻôԴھżնɱʿ̫ˣرкϵʿϵԴʮڶˡ
뿪ڵʱ򣬽ϵԴһ롣һ˾ŹǡʱҲֻȡʮ֮һԴЩԴʯĲϣҲгƷĵȵȣűࡣŶĿЩԴʱ˶ɵˡ
ԭ˰꣬ҲͨӪһЩԴǺҹδʱԴֱǾţһë
죬żظ᳤ģұض̵ʱڣ̻ᴴٶ׳󡣡
ҹδڰֵЩԴڣ̻᲻ѡѵˡŵùˣҪʵˣͷԵˡһḶ́һ̣ȻˣҲкܶˣǾ仰ҪŵùˣٴͷٺãҲáΪֻ̻һˣɱ˶ԴʵڲУͨһ̣ȻеӣԼеԪҲеʱ䡣
ףŶ
ҹδȡһָݸŶĵָװǸԴһЩС
л᳤᳤ǵ̻ʲô֣
ҹδͽ̻ᡣ
ãҹһ齨ŽʲôʱҺȥǡ
ҹδͽڡ
ҹһϲͷøС
վߣ
ŶĹϵڶδϣ˵ʱûеģҹδʧǰ˰ҲûеġˣеǻҰͶδľҹδʧİ˰꣬Ȼ֪ҹδûҹδһֱ֣塣
ҹδˣĹԴҪҹδõ˺ɵϣԤʾҹδŰ˳ɵĿͻƺϵҹδһͻƺϵҲſͻƺϵû˶δľҹδ齨̻ᣬ˷ܶĿ꣬Ҳ塣
ҹδӡںϲҹδܹҹδܹ˺ϵ׷ɱ׸ԭ˵ҹδ벢һ֮ˣһ˿ƣûʲôá
ҹδͷٴζס̻֮²żҶƾõԪһһӡҪ̤ʵ
ף
ա
Ŷһ뿪ˣҹδҹһûͽߡһǳأʯۣǰƺɽһǣ˺ǡ
ʮ֮ҹδ˺ǣȻ˺ס˿ջʼ˺ǽ˽⡣֮ҹδ⡣ȥƺǳ˽⣬˺ǾܹǳءȻ˺ܶ࣬Ƕһ֮ͬҲϲϣܹ̤֮;ˣյӲ⡣


912 
ڵӵʣôӴ˿ڻֻҪѡܻѡʺõġƺɽܱӦòȱʺõĵӣǵȱšϾԷ֮ˣҪԶ뿪ȥѰţʻ;е޿СƺɽгһţضĵǰͶ
⼸죬ҹδҲ˽ܱ
ƺɽЩֶ꣬˼ǳأܹʮǳأֲƺɽΧһԲΣƺɽΧֻƺɽ̫ˣռ̫ˣʮǳرԶҪɽߣһǳߵһǳأûһ߲ڳǳ֮䣬岼Ĵ
ƺɽһƬĽϣκһŹϽΧûǸʵռݣռݡΪΪûȻҲҲط˵ԴԴƷطԶڼߣʳ֮ζ֮ϧ
ԣľ棬ûŴһƬ
ôƬû˹
У
壡
Ȼʲô壬岻ͼҲҲɳΪͼ壬ߴ壬ֻܹС塣
Ϊʲô
ΪĴСģɲǰ㣬࣬Ǵ塣ǿΪߵʲô̶ȡ
ŹǵҲһҹδɽ߳һȼ
ҪΪһţڱкϵʿҪΪţڱлԪʿҪΪţڱеԪʿµŽΪ
Ϊ壬лʿſΪһ壬ʿſΪ壬ܵʿſΪ塣߽Ϊ
ƺɽһƬУģҲС塣ʵϣܹһƬ壬ҲЩܶŬĽ
ı²Ƶء
ƺɽﶼ߱ûֱĴУûи߽ʿָ㣬û࣬ƷʸߵԴû֮ءܹܵʿѾס
Ϊֻ֪ܵʮǳصĳΪߡҲֻ컨۶һĸΪͻƵ۶ͻᱻлأչܵͦ
ƺɽһٶ壬СֻжʮˣҲʮּңƺɽһƬҡ
һжҹδʦͽ˵⣬вǡûҹδ룬ֻҹһˣԺɨƺɽ߱ǿ
һա
Զɽˣҹδʦͽˡ
ԶɽƺɽƺɽеЩ˵ԶɽѾĵطʵܵҲ١ԶɽΧɽδԭȵУǿռݡЩռݵĶƺɽΧĵط
ҹδ븺ֶĿĹˣ΢΢ͷ
ȷʵӦƺɽһƬΪŨ֮ǺͲ׺һϣһ¡ѾȫԽһˡάһеĵײСš˰ﵱߣҹδﲻ
𡭡
һᵽҹδǵζ׶˹ҹ
ʦҪｨһΧţ
̽һ¡
ҹδʶ˳ȥ˵£Ȼڵչҹδ뿴úϸһʱҹδջʶ
ȷʵûҲûɵĺۼΪĵʮɢңûγɻ֮ơÿһ֮أе֮γɣ򲻻ᵮ
ҹδǿԵ·ĵϾһ񣬶⼸оҲܹ
ҪƣһʮָӶҿճ־õ飬Ҽǽµγɻ֮ƣҪյһƷҲҪҵʱ䡣˴ȴҪʱ䣬Ҳֲûĳд˴
ǣҹδ뻹Ǿ֮Ȼڲᵮǻ۶屶֮ĲҩʯȵƷֺƷҲǿ֧ｨһеĶš
ʦҹδ۾۰Ͱ͵ؿҹδ롣
ҹδʱڵѾһŸ߿շȥӽϡ
Χۿ˴ԼʱҹδȻ㿪ʼóһհγһͼָ֮ƳݣֱݸӡȻ󽫵ԪעͷųһĻĻϳֳҹδƳɵĵͼָһָ㣬һ˵
ҪһȦȦ
Ӳ࣬ʦ
Ѹٵһ£һȦͱ˵жˣһӶ㲻ȴپʮɽ塣
ռϴˣ
ʦҪôĵط𣿡
ҪȰѵطռ˵һҵ˵֮ȦķΧ֮ڣŨȻ屶ʱڲᱻ֣ʱ䳤ˣضᱻ֣֪ζʲô
ҹɷţҾɱǡ
ҹδڰ֣ƺɽЩ壬ȻǡŵɢȥǸʱ򣬱ضǿʿǰ˵Щʹ壬δػȤɢ˵һҽϣźܴġڽ룬ǴŶȤҲʺϳ棬ԣΪĿǰǹãδǵһЩ
ҹһΪõĴ磬ƽʱĶ࣬˼ʦ˼Ҫչ
Ҫ棬ͽչҪ졣մĵӣһŵʵΪ߾ͿԵģҪĸεʿҪ죬
ڶҪڴ룬ŵۺʵ˵ŨȣҲ֧µ
ţ뿪ȥܱߴͽҪȥƺɽļ壬ҲҪȥǳءȥȡʺõĵӡԽСԽáҪѸ١򶼱ȽϷգϢٶֻͽҪŵַʱҲܹһЩ
䣬ҹδȡۣݸӡ
ȥͽʦﲼȽȦ
ǣʦ
˷ۣȥҹδԼӺܷġһ棬ǻΪƺɽһߣ޵еĴڡһ棬ӳ߽ϵ
ҹδ뿪ʼ۲ΧĥԼʲôǽﵱ֮أıҵȻҪ
ǽƺɽܶࡣҹδ˼ŵĹ滮
ҪŷֳźšȻź֮䣬Ҫ󷨣ȻŲˣŽ֪ӵȻڲҪԼӣյĵӲҪôŨ
ôҪһ󷨣Ӧýܻǿ
ʲô
ƺ
Ӧһˣʿ룬Ҳʧڼ䡣ҹδ㲼һ
󷨲ӾԻ󣬶ʶҲԻһ󡣶ƺƣܻǿ
û̲󣬶й˼µ֮ĸڵ㣬Ӧ÷ҹδ뿪ʼ
ֵķΧ㣬Ҫپʮɽ壬Ҳֶ󷨣Ҳʮָӡҹδĸµʱ䣬ŽƺϡĸµʱѾͻӣÿһӣҹδ붼ᴫڸĴ幦ǿʼͬʱҲһɽ壬ԼԼٶ
Щ䶼Сֻ꣬ҲֻʮꡣԣǸͿٲĶǱ㿳һЩľԼһ׵ӡҹδ£İСġҹδûгְǣǻʹЩӿٵ໥Ϥ˴ͬŸ顣
ۡ
һȺվԼ棬ͣԶڷı仯
ɵһ˲䣬еƺʼ˱仯ǶѻƬƺʼֿһƬǷֳһƣŴһڵȥȻ㱻һڵϣɵһ˿˿رڵϵһգ£ۼ
Ǵ⿴Կۼһƣܹ͸һ֮Ŀ϶εգһоֱ
ǣӴ濴ȴǱƺȫ֣ȫ˿ľ¡
ҹδ뿪ʼڶ󣬲ϤĴ콣һɱ󡣼ʿòͨҲǿĴ콣Ľɱ
ʱֹȥ£ҹδĴ콣ûв꣬ȴȫѾˡѸٵȥһ뿪߸µʱ䣬Ϣûдͳǳ֮УϢȥȴ֪Ժεأһ֮С˿ʼ飬Ҳʧȥһкۼ
ܹһǧٶʮһӡ


913 ͽ
ƺɽֱһ֮أյӣЩƺɽеļ壬ҲǽԴԼĵϣԴȥձĵӣ
ԣںһЩĵӡ
ƷľȻʮҲƷԿƺһƬΪûţֻм塣ֻԼӣ̫˲׺顣һڸһһδʮ꣬²ôˡ
һ룬ƺ߻֮ǰǰ㣬ʮɻյһЩĵӡ
һǧٶʮһӣռĹʵǴеһ˻̫ˡЩӻСĲʮ꣬סʡӻˣѡһһϴƽأҹһǴһǧӸǷӡ
ʵϣһӰﲻʲôæСһûΪҹһҲûţȥβݣһƬϵĲݶθɾȻһʯӣֳɺܶС飬ʯƽءһǧӸЩʱӿʼľȻľͷôӵĴӣôɷĴɷôľĴľ塣
һ޴ĹÿӶɵ˸߲ҡЩܹΪԼ԰һɵȻ졣Ȼÿ磬ҪȻŸɻ
ҹδǼ콣ֹȥ£ЩҲ½½Ϊ˽ҲҲʾˡΪ죬Ѿ徳ˣΪģǴ徳ءһ㿴ӵ츳ĲȻÿҲҩҺǽݡֽڿ֡
һûʲôҪ󣬷ǶԱ˵Ҫ󡣶ﺢӵʲһ棬ҹδƵҩҺƷߣ־档
콣ϣֻҹδ벢ûпƽʱһƺͿˡ콣ͬ
ҹδƺĵƲģƺͿԿҹδ뽫µ֮󣬻ܸǿԣֻҪõ֮ͿԳ꿪ҪĶ
Ǵ콣󲢷ǽƺ֮ƣҲ˵ȫĵ·Ӳ̫ϡõ֮콣ֻܹﵽܵһ롣Ҫȫӳ콣ܣʯȻʯֻܹô콣󷢻ӳʮܣһҪÿһʱ䣬ʯô콣ٴγԭڽܣøʯһô콣ֺܾúܾá
ڵҹδվѡõһɽϣɽپʮɽ룬š
Ѿ콣లɽ¿һ޴ĶǽĴġ
ڡ
һԲ̨Բ̨ϵ̵岼ͬǿաһ˸׶һÿ׶аʯһ˸ǳЩʯ콣󡣵ǣһ˸ƷʯҲֻܹô콣һʱʱ䡣
Բ̨ϷһǼ궼û⡣
ǵġ
Բ̨һ˸׶ҲһСΪ󣬽һ棬㱻ס콣
ҹδȺʯ֮󣬷ִڽһȺʶر˴콣󡣼ǽ콣󣬶ڵҲ̫󡣶ҿ콣һڵĵӲСĽ룬˾ʧⲻݽȥԾȳ
ڣ᳣ʿֵһ˽߾ͻǳ
ҹδ뿪˶󷨣󷨱һأһ֡ҹδֲ£Žֲϡصපһ£ͬһ͸Ĵ뽫ڵ档
ر˷ҹδȥ鿴һڵӵ״ѾеӿʼͨˡȻͨŨȾҪˡֻŨȵҪ΢ƺɽŨȫáοƺɽģŨƺɽΪŨĵط
ָҹһӣҹδع֮ҹδָ㣬ҹδ뻹ˣÿһƽʱʱԭ͵񣬺ܾûͻƣΪȱָԴˣӵΪͻͽһʱ䣬˶˻ڡ
ʦҹδָ֮ҹһʵʦôȦĵطźܶޣʵͣʮޡڻĴ档ǵţܲЩ޾شڣǲǽǶɱˣ
ҹδ룬ҲΪѣƺɽģԸûҰޣ޺ޣȫޡȻҲʵ͵ģ͵ҲЩͨڵĵֵܹġǾôɱˣЩϧ
ʦҪҪһ󷨣ǶȦһطŵ֮أҹʵ
аɣҹЩ޸Ȧһǻɱʣ˶١ҾЩӣҲ̫Сˣܹȥɱ֪ú¡
ҹδĿǰնòôطŷֳʮɽ壬ֳʮΡò˼ɽ壬޴ҲͷĸΣǰЩ޶ץηһɽȻЩ޻һһͻֳΣʮɽͶޣ˱ŵӽȥ
ڲõӳȥҪһĵط
ҹδȥæˣβÿһֻһ򵥵ķ޳ÿһҲֻһɽ壬󷨲ҹδֻһ¶ʱ䣬Ͳˡ֮ȥץޣҹδǱ£ʼµ
ѵʱҹδһʱ䣬Žϡ֮󣬵ĲڣƺɽԼܱߣŨȶʼ
ҹδ벻ƺɽԼܱߵʿ֪ΪȥŨȻ屶ضʿ̶֪дΧĵ顣ǻΪƺɽǲǳÿɢǸʱնض¶ϵ
ԣҹδ̽ŷʼһ󡣾󲻹ܶ೬ʹ콣Ҫ̫ࡣҹδֻ˲һµʱ䣬㽫ϡ
ʵϣʱƺɽڵЩѾ֪ŨˣΪѾ˽һƺɽܱߵЩǳأûжܣΪĻ١Щ嶼ڿᣬ׼ǲʿһŨԭ
ȻͻȻŨȲˣȻʼؼˡʱҹδѾʼѡʮɽ壬ΪšΧʮɽ壬ʼ󣬸⡣
ҹδڲһǳһһ󷨣ǻɱ󡣿ƽʱֻ󣬶ɱֻ󣬽ͿˡɱҲҪǾҪʯˡ
ҹδ뵱ȻƽʱֻῪ󣬽ǳ󣬱޼ʵǿСҹδ˰ʱ䣬ǳϡʱ䣬ĵͳЧѾﵽԲ
Ч;Ч໥ƺɽԼܱߣŨָֻ֮ǰģЩ֣Ҳ鲻ԭҲͲ֮
ǣʱնڵŨѾͬˡԭ֮Ũ屶屶ڵŨѾﵽʮŨȣѾ㹻ʿͻˡҲ˵ʿˡ
ҹδ뵱ȻˣŸҪôŨԣŲһ󣬽ŵһˣŵŨȽ͵ʱڵ屶ŵŨȴԼʱڵʮҡŨȿʿˡҲ͵˼£Ԫʿġ
ˣеĴˡҪӪһˡ
ŲܿҹδһȻ𣬵ǲǳ֮
ԣҪ
һǧӶѾͨѾмƷĵӿˡһ£ӻ治Ǹǵģ⼸ʱ䣬Ѿһǧ͸͸ġǿһǧӣҲٶ֮;ϻδĵҲûδǴϣߵòٶԶ
ҹδ뵱Ϳʼٶʣµһǧӽпˣ˵˭츳˭Ʒ츳˭ڲ츳˭츳пˣҹһ˲УûѧҹδǼרѧҲвٵĴС
֮󣬱㽫һǧӷֳĸ֣˵ããúáҹҹ壬ֱҹһŵӳɳٽѡΡ
ֿʼȻĽ¥ˡ


914 Ϣ
ȣãҪԽһĸĸȻŻûеӣǲȽܽȸȻҪźŸԽһ󣬸ŵѧϰĵطҪźŸԽһãǷŸĵطãǷ񣬵׬ȡŻֵĵطвãſ̳ڹĵطִõȵȡ
ҹδ뻹ҪæŴڵҹһҲҪæȥܱʮǳأÿǳضҪһ̡ЩӵǳѧҪһ湺ϣȻֳƷ̡
չȻˣƳɳƷȻһһһܹ÷չĻֻڵڻ߱õЩӳɳҲһʱ䣬ЩӾӦܹƳƷ͵ķҩ󷨺ͱڳۡȻ׬Ĳ࣬ʼ׬ĿʼˮƽߣŵתͻԽԽ˳
ǣڿûȥӪ̵ʿ̫СҹһҲܡҹδ㽫ʿʶӡķڸҹһǣҹδǺܿץһЩɢޣȻӡһ£Щɢ޲ĶСҹһǵĸҲܸߣǴӦǴĹСҸǣǱվŵһţڡ
Щɢû˵֣Ȼţƺߵʿ˵ǾǸߴϣ˱ġ
ҹδʯԺܿʮǳص̾Щɢ־ӪչϣҲʱһЩƷۡ̾Ӫ
ӿʼڡææʱ͹ȥˡŲųγһܣŵӣҹδҹһӸ̾һĲס
ʱ䣬Ѿеӽ棬ҲʼƷˣȻƷߡѾõʮǳصгۡ
ٶרĵӣҲˡҪøԴҪ׬ȡŻ֡
Щ꣬ҹһЩеٶ̫ƺɽץ˺ܶεޣޣ޺Ұޡһ㹻󣬶Щޣ޺ҰޣƷԽͣԽСˣƤѪ޹ǣ޽ȵȣƷĲϡЩϵĻãȻٶʿȥɱġ
Ҳ˴ҩ԰һж졣ҹһҲͻƵ˻أмܹ꣬ͻƵԲԪ
ҹδ׼뿪ڣѾҪָ㣬ǻԲʱԼٻָԡ׼ȥһѰͻƺϵһȥŶľӪ̻ΣҪһ´磬ĸЩɽϢ
ۣһվһվĻǰ׺ڵĵؽ硣
˲׺֮ڲ׺УָûʶԼˡϾȥʱ̫̫ãҹδ»ֻ֮ڱԭ¶һ棬֮㼸Ҳû¶档ŹǶļ䶼ģȴˡ
һ£һ¥ǰϹһҶĸ֣
̻ᡣ
ҹδ˽ȥһӮ飺͹ҪЩʲôۻǹ򣿡
Ҫʣ鷳ͨ˵á
ǻƵͷ΢Ц͹Եȡ
ҹδͷ´ŵһ㣬˲١ŶľӪòҹδ⡣
һŶĴӺ˽ҹδ룬۾һ
᳤ˡ
ţҹδͷ
᳤롣
ҹδͷŶĴ˴߽˺š
ŶĹǲСǰ㣬һǰסһСԺӣԺС¥滹һС¥һֱ˶С¥˽ȥ
ҹδŶϲ裬Ȼ£ҹδʣ㿪ʼ㱨ľӪ̺״
ҹδ֮Ŷֵݹһص˵ҹδѸٵؿһ飬صͷ
ľӪѾ̵ȵȱǮ׬ˣʼӯˡֻĿǰ̾ӪĶչĶûʲôı˵̻ᾭӪĶεͣҹδ˽⣬̻ᾭӪĶѾеƫϣʮֽӽߵΡ
һ̣ҹδ벢׼ǿнθһЩ̺ı߽һЩƷĵһЩĲҩȣһó֣ض̻ȵ
ǣԺأ
ҹδ벻רŸ̻ǸŶĽ̻Ǹеģ̻ġ
ܱ䣡
ԣڸŶʽһоֻܹŶԼ
Ĳ
Ŷȴûչܹϻ᳤ı
ҹδڰֵܹҵı̫ˣ˵ˣܹЧԴҲôչġ
˵ҹδ̾ϢһЩߵȵԴ̻ѳţȻû˽Ǽ̻ĸţǵǾŹǱЩšˣΪˣ
ѾͻƻԪˣǻԪء
ҹδ֪ΪŶĽ󲿷ʱ;˾Ӫϣ֮ǰһţ֪˴һ̻ͬĲס
᳤׼꿪ڶ̡
ҵʵĸ𣿡
ţ֮ǰһѡ
˵ģ
ǣһ˵ʱһݽύѡ˵ʱҲԲͬݳڸأҲύһЩѡǲ֪˵ʿ
𣿡
ʲôΪ
Ԫء
𣿡
︨ҾӪҹ۲ˡҪԿţ϶ܡĥ߳ɿš
ҹδͷҲ֪Ӫһ̻ᣬҪ̻ᷢչɴ̻ᣬʶӡ϶ǰ취̻Ҫ̻ķʽ̻еʿ縣Դ繦С
ǿԵڵʿɳɵ̻ᡣջǾں̻᳹׷ֿҪ¶йϵ˿
У㿴̻Ҫڽȶķչֻʿǳ֮ơǵҳ϶Ȳ̫ߣϣ߳ѾǼޡҪδܹһҳ϶ȸߵˣǱԼӦһ츳ʵĺͯС
ҲҪ̻һܵĻأĵطҡҪأһҪ
⣬֪СҲ᲼һáջҪطأ򲻻áҰɡˣЩ𣿡
ҹδ뽫žɽЩʿ嶼ֳһӰ죬չŶĵǰֽǵ˵һ顣Ŷָһʿ
ˡ
ôģҹδһû뵽ʱ䣬һ
ŹǵĻԪΧɱˡ
ˣŶָФڱ׷ɱ˺ɽˣɽһȺԪ׷ɱˣҾͲ֪ˡ
ڱ׷ɱʲôطˣûҹδָФʵ
˵ӽɳĮ
Ϊʲô׷ɱ
Ǻ˵Ϊһǲ֪ʲôвٸȤ˶׷˹ȥѾǺɽһȺ˵ˡγһȺ𱦵ľ档᳤Ȥ
ҹδ΢΢̾Ϣһ϶ҪȥȲҪȥ֮ɽŹǵԭͲ࣬Ͼͬһطζȱ˴˺ܸߣһʧһ
׷ɱʿʲôΪ
϶ǻԪǻԪҲȥ׷ɱ
ûкϵ
ĿǰյϢûУԺûоͲˡıʲôҶԺϵҲаĻƺϵҲ᳤֡ҪȥˣԽԽá
ҹδͷֺŶ̻ϸڣݸһһƣ
ڵĵͼ㿴֮ٵţԽڵĴ󣬷ڴС
Ȼȡһ̣ͨѶ̣ͨϵңҹһԶľ붼ԡ
֮ﶺ˰죬ŶϵһЩ⣬ҹδ뿪̻ᡣ
뿪˲׺ǣ뵽ɽ֮У뵽֮УɳĮķȥ
ǿǼеģͨϵķۣٶȼ졣ֻһʱ䣬ɳĮһ⣬ҹδгʮǷȥ
һСǣǺ֡
ǵֲΪ׷ɱԭ򣬶ΪΪɳĮһأƽʱҲ֡ɳĮʿﲹ
ɳĮʿҪһЩԴҲһԵĵطȻеʿɳģ͸Ҫˡ
߽ǣ˳ŴߣܹΧ̸۵Ķǹ顣ҹδȥ˼Ҳ跻Ҳһƴһ¡
ȷʵǱ׷ɱɳĮǶ׷ɱԭ򣬺ģ󲿷ֵ˵õһǾʲôȴû˿Ϣ
ҹδ뵽ɳĮĲ֪Ǹ׷ǴɳĮʱߵķ򣬵ֲɵӣһֱֱһӣ;֪˶ٷҹδҲֻܹƾɳĮȥ


915 С
ûӳʶɳĮ̫ˣʶҲ֡ϸ֪ռĲһսҹδΪ磬ǼԶľ룬Ҳܹ֪ռ΢С
ʱܿȥ
ڼ֪οռĲҹδ뼰ʱȥȴʿɳĮеһ׷ɱ飬ôʿ׷ɱɵĶӦòСȻмʿ׷ɱĳ档ǰָķҹδҲûҵ
ʮܿȥҹδ뻹ޣʿڴˡҹδҲȥϵصȴûҵˡڼҲһЩʿҲǰѰġ໥֮䶼ʮֽ䱸ԣ
ֹȥա
ҹδһθо˿ռĲ̽Ų̤ǲͬһһ㼤ȥ
һʱҹδ뿴ǰһٶʿһ׷ȥҹδ֪ԼҵЩˣһתıòй¶һ˿һϢϢ׷Щʿǰȥûмȴܹ֪ռĲ
ҹδٶȣȺУĿɨһٶʿȻǻԪԪڶûУΪ͵ҲǻԪڡҲǣǵлԪڸȺˣ׷ĹУΪΪĲҲᱻ˦ȥӡ
ڣҲʼ˾롣һݶӶǻԪڣԪڵʿʼ˾롣ҹδ뿪ʼ٣Խ˵ڶݶӣ˵һݶӡЩ׷ɱˣ˴֮Ҳһ롣׷ɱ໥֮Ҳŷ
ҹδһ׷һ˼
ǻԪԲŹ֮ǰԲ顣Բʱ䣬֪ûдﵽԲôûûб׷ϣԭڣΪƾ㲻ԲҲһߡ
Ǻ֮⾳ٶȿҿ飬޼Ѱҹδܹ֪ӵʱĿռ䲨ǳ΢ҲһȺԪڣŻԪԲ׷ɱܹ֮ľòôңԶܹһľ룬ֿռ䲨ܿʧӶʧȥ׷ɱķ
ҹδҲȷѲЩˡ
׷ɱ̫ˣҾܸߡô׷ɱȥܲ׷ϣֻʱ⡣
ҹδҲżҲ뿪뿪򣬱ʧȥ˸֪ռ䲨ǸȺˣ׷ԼùһٶԪ
һԪû⣬ʮԪҲû⣬һٶ⡣
Ǿ˦Щˣһ׷ȥǵٶȲҡ
ҹδոտʼǰ壬ûдӳԽЩʿȻɫ䣬ɳĮеɰȻͬɳһ㡣֮ǰû˿ףⲻȻɳΪġ
䡭
ɳ̫ͻȻһӾҹδһٶԪһԪɫأΪǱɳ֮ȴȻԼΧĻˣûɳҲûɳĮһƬǺһſŴ˷ײ
Ǻ
ҹδһӾϳǾǺĵͨҪ֮ǰǿ˺ܶ࣬ھŹûа״
ǺҲˣôɽû
ҹδлֵͨܣ̤̤ǲͷĻһ˾ǺĵͨĿһɨѾû˾ǺӰռ䲨ָһȴǺ֮ǰķһ¡ҹδû˿ԥֱķ׷ȥžǺһٶǷֻ׷ضԼһμĵص㣬ڱ׷ɱ˵Ǻһηɱ
һΣҹδǷſٶȣ̤ǲٶȼ죬ܿͽЩͨдʿԶԶ˦
Щʿɫһ㣬ռռ䲨һһߣеǼķ
׷һ
Щ˻Ƕ׷ķ򣬾Ǻûл÷ЧҲûֻǰɱЩԪЧȷʵУһͻȻɱԪҲڴһӭҲڻȦӣӭȻڷЩԪ
ҹδ뽫ٶȷӵ£ѾԶЩʿٶȣ̤ǲͨƷߣΪҹδԪתѾﵽһɡڻԪ磬ǲܷ顣
ֻһ֮Ϳһڵ㡣ȻǸڵѸٷŴǱͷһۣʶݵҹδ룬ȴҹδٶȣвɴ󺧣ȴȻ˶ߴʶ
ңҹδ롣
ֵҹδֳ֮ɫΪûпϵľϲǾ֡΢ƿ֮
Ǻϵ
ҹδһ
ֻкϵܹƿ֮ѹƵϸ΢ĳ̶ȡ
ʶѾӣеѾ˴ǹԷüк춯ָȻȻͷǸϵûпһֱۣɹҹδͷԶץ˹ȥ
ҹδ־ָǸϵһָ
Ͷ䡣
ǺϵʿһϵأθոմҹδϷԽ̽һֻץʱҲ׳ҪͷŵƴȻǺϵӾһȵŵ׹䣬ʵ̫ͻȻˣ·ȣΪҹδһ˴ǹ̽Ǹϵ塣
䡭
Ǻϵʿ屬ˣҹδһץ㽫ڿмĴָץ˹Ȼòһ䣬ҹδ룬ȥ
ɫһϲҹδѾһץסļʩչ̤ǲԶӣͬʱʶ
ǺĶ˭ˣ
ҹδᵽǺԭлһĻҹδݣ㳹ûˡԣ
ĿǰûбֻоǺҲ֪ĶҾӣǺǰĳطˣǰʶûҲͲ֪ˡǣҾһֱӣܹ
ãǶȦӡ
ȻһʱҹδĶ˾Ǻʶδ룡
ѣҰսȻ뿪ҹδ̴ȥ
ԶɳĮһӰɳ˳ҹδ˹ҹδһѾսǸԷȻӭ˾ǺҲԷûнսԼķΪԼķ̫͸ĲҩԼԴԷڣŵĶҪһЩҲô󣬱ҲֻƷ
ҹδ뽫̤ǲʩչ˼£ɳĮľͷȥ׷˦ԽԽԶȶʮһɳĮʱЩʿѾ˦̫Զռ䲨ʧˣҲû׷Ŀܡ
ҹδһ·һڵĹϽΧһţΪߵҲֻǻԪҹδ뻹ԶɳĮԶϳǶȥ
ϳǡ
һҿջ
ֺŷڣҹδûƽƲ͵˷ڡ
ʿѾҪԷάʿһ𣬻ϲԵʲô߳Ա̸Ҳܹɡ
˱߳Աģ̸ľҹδҲһЩû˵Լ齨̻šͬһط໥ҲһģֻǴϣһġһĳʱΣʲô¶˭Ҳ֪ĸ˻ᷢʲô仯ţǺҲûȫ˵Լľ
ջǽΪʲô׷ɱϾԼĹͷҹδ;ǺðΣˡ
ҪûỹǻԼãǾͲˣԺҲھŹطһʧȥѣķǳΣաȡǸӣϵ
α׷ɱҪΪС磬ˣ׷ɱ
С磿
һ㣬ҹδǸӣʶ̽ȥȻһС磬СһһԵģõǸһԵģռҲǺܴ󣬴ԼŷԲģʵҲСˡһС磬ȷʵֵúϵһ棬ʺʿһܹһ޴ҩ԰κεȼʿмǶڴţǶҹδ˵ҲԼзҪ㽫Ǹӵݸ˾Ǻ
ҹδ̽ʱһֱŵؿҹδ룬ţһҹδҪô죿
ûе취ͼҹδһȻؽӵݸ˾ǺȻȻ˼ǸǿˣԼӡֽĿ˾ǺȻǺֳĽ֮ɫȴҲֻĽȻӻҲûӵ顣
˵ķӦкܲ˼ЩڨڨλѾңڵ״治֪θл
ҹδͰڰֵڲ֪δҲæĵطҲˣӦ֪ЩھŹļѡ
˶пصͷҹδ˵Ϣ𣿡
ûУҡͷ
ҹδЩģڵž䣬ȸͶҡǺҲ˳˼죬ҹδ
λʲô㣿


916 ĵ
Ǻһ̻ᣬһ̻ξӪҲҪһЩҪǣһȶĻȽΪԲ
ҹδ룬ͷ뷨
һȵһɢޣȰС뽫Сһҩ԰ܹһ̻ᣬСӦܹ𵽺ܴáδ룬أ
£ҹδҪĿģͻƺϵ
۾һзˣ
ţҹδͷ
ʲô飿Ŀڴ
ҹδ棬ڻûʲô飬ϾҲֻһ򣬻ûһˣͻƺϵˡ֪ȽԼıͻƺϵܵҲܵؽڵĵԪתԪ˿϶ȣ϶ˣȻҲ͸סҾʲô߹ġ
Ǻ˼Ƭ̣лл
ҹδҡͷӦ֪ͻƺϵֻǵһҲͻƺϵ֮󣬱㡣Ϊǻŷɣ
ǣ˵ͷ
ͻƺϵ̿ɲסǾŹЩʿԴŴУҲûмм˷ԣǻҪһСһ棬ΪǵķչһΪɽδҪһĺѡûкϵʿᷢչġ
ǰ
˵ͷֻϲûжġֻʱ䣬ǵ׳־ࡣ
һĴУԼھŹǣȻҲߣȴҲǿߡ
˳ٷԷֿ
ǺȥѰһʺԼм룬ȥԼɢޣʼռҩͲҩӣֲСУͬʱҲʼѧϰץһЩΪܵ͵ʿСУΪչҩ԰
ҹδֻĿģһѰžǣһܹڴͻƺϵ
ܹоԼϵԽԽÿһáȻÿһõͬʱҲǺɵϡ
ҹδҲԿһҪʱΪĺɵϾͿͻƺϵǺֲô¶ֻԼŶʱ̣ɵϻἫԼ򣬵ǺɵȴԼԣʱչǲеģҪѰԼһ̵
һա
ҹδ˾Źɽ¡
Ź˾ھŹɽϣҹδھŹɽ֮һôϣһִ֦ϣҧһݣĿžŹɽ
ҲŬ˺ܾˣ˵ʵӻԪԲڣ˰ٶˣһ
ȴʼȥǸڼҲûÿһ򶼸оԼǵˣһɽӡԣ˾Źɽ
ҲɱٵĺϵʿǵĴָԴǲ٣ǹûУĵûСһģҹδͷӦ˹ŹǵĺϵʿںϵһжҹܿصķǳϣһйںϵĶڶУЯ˳ȥ
ʵϣǰŹɽҲûбʲôϣǲһֲġȫˣŹɽʲôģ
ĿԽŹɽ־ŹɽԼ֮ǰǰ㣬䱸ɭ֡û˵ĸоʮɢµģ
ǣҹδȴ֪ôţһˡ֮ԸɢģΪǾŹǾۼϵʿĵطʣҹδҲܹ󵽣ŹɽҪֻҪÿ£ÿһϵʿξͿˡǸϵʿֻҪھŹɽϣʶ־ŹɽûһܹǱȥġ
ͽȥ
ǣҹδҲû뿪Ķ
һһ߼žŹɽܲҵһᡣ
ҵˡҲ֪ǲǻᡣ
ھŹɽĵһ죬һʿɽֻҪһı飬֪ʱʮ־ɥ
ҹδһᡣ
ȻҲ֪ʿһģ϶СʲôΪǱȻ˺档Ÿţҹδоֳһ˿죬ʿӣƺҪ뿪ŹɽԭΪʿ鲻ãתһȦͻȥǿڵģȴô¶
ǣǸʿһֱһһ㲻УЩʧǣû¶Ϊҹδ벻һһϵأ
죬һޣһƸˣȻҲռޣʧǵǰߡһ֣ҹδ뿴Ϊ
Բ
ҹδһûǰӴŹɽЩҹδģǸʿƺʮֲãȻһֱУҲʱɣʱСϾɥɫôԣüܹ֮
ҹδ룬ֱӺǸʿ򽻵
ԷһԲ䲻С˵Ҳ١ҪƭԷʲܡǻͶԷסԷӦǾͽףԷӦǾˡҹδҲһЩģԼ۷ḻδؾͲý׵õԼҪġȶԷԼҪģڵĵǶδԼҪġ
һҹδ˶ԷǰѾıò¶ϢǸʿɫһ㣬Ȼ䱸ҹδ롣
ҹδ뿴ŶԷȻҸطģ
Է
ҹδҲƶԷȻʶǾʶİɡ
˵ͷɽ䱸
ҹδ뿴ŶԷʶǴӾŹɽǱ߸ġ
ɫһ䣬Ѿ֪ԷΪ϶ԼߡԼһ֪Ҫ֪뿪ŹɽѾˡ
ҪͻƺϵһУ繦ĵõȵȡֻƬҪʲôҲ֪Ұʵ֣Ȼס
æžܾΨһһλᡣܾˣһ뿪ʹΨһһλᡣ
ģֻһνס㲻ý䱸ҡǷнףǷֿ֮󣬱İˣҲݡֻǽס
ĬȻƬ̣вϵԥ;ᣬȴΪᶨʶ
ǻط̸
ã
˽벻Զһɭ֣ȻһСߡСΧû֣ǿտҹδվΣˡ˼һµ
λѣͻƺϵĹҿ϶ûУǶһ׶Σٸһ׶εĹǻԲҲһ׶εԪĹװɣ
ţҹδͷ
ǣʦŵʱ򡭡˵ɫһʦڰ˰ǰȥ˾żҲûӴǸʱҵΪ֪ͣʧȥʦζʲô֪ˣʧȥʦʧȥһϵʿԴ̣ʧȥԴԣ˰ҲֻǽΪԲȴʼ޷ͻƵԪڣǱżò뿪Źˣš
ҹδ뿴˵ʧȥʦˣҪ̭
Ƭ̣ԼȻԶԣԷ˵һҲûдҹδ뻹ڼ̼
㲻ҪŻصžͻ¿ʼţϾǴӾŹ˷ŵģܹȥŹˣضŵľ콾յ˵𾴺׷ԼضΪŵġ
ˣ
Ǳ̭ģϢסǲΪʦˣűȷţǻΪǱŹ̭ģвôΪҲôΪңնֻиܹסǵԴΪȥˣҪԴ
ףʦˣĿɽûˡԺһֻܹԼԼʲô
ûУ
ףĻʵֻҪʵΪԶͬˡסԶǽôһ㣬صţҲᱻ粽УЩ츳ˣһ㡣ΪŵЦ
ܰͻƵԪ𣿡ɫϵرãҹδ룬Ρ
û⡣ؼܹʲô
ղ˵ˣûСʦŵʱ򣬶ҷǳáҿԾʦĶʱʦ٣ż˼ҷڰϵ͵͵ойʦĵáȻ࣬ҶҿԽЩ㡣
ҹδоǾһڶںϵѾ˷򣬶ʮֽӽֻǲôһܹԼһۺϵ磬Ӧþܹ˲򡣶һϵʿµĵãʾǺϵ硣
ôףҹδʵ
ƺ¶˾Ҫһѣʮָɴ˵ҿȰʦĵö㡣ȻҪΡ
Σô
һΰͻƵԪȻǾͿԷֿ棬ҪͻƻԪ
ͻƻԪҹδ΢΢һüͷͻƵԪû⣬ڰھԪԲ
ĿᶨСԵԪʿݷţźֵҥҵΪȴʵʵڰ䣬ܹͻƵԪΪģҸҿ϶ҵûСˣҲضԴбұڰͻƻԪˣұӵԴбڰ޷ͻƻԪŵĵλͻᶯҡԺͻƻԪͲ֪ʲôʱˣΪŻ˶ҵԴǰԣұԾԵѹͬˣҲܹΪŵĵӣΪһ䡣


917 ܻ
ҹδͷֳ֮ɫͲ°ʦĵøңҲֳŵ
ҾͶһѡǰ·𣿡
ҹδ͵ڵǶڰͻƻԪˡУôˡ
ã
ȡһհ򣬿ʼϡԼӺ󣬽ݸҹδ롣ҹδӹҴҿһ飬оһϲϢ࣬Ҳٶ֣ȴᡣǴҴҿһ飬ͷ·𿴵һ⡣ҹδ
ȰͻƵԪʲô⣬ҡȻǾԴ㲻õģһ׼
ã
һ£ҹδڲϵظ˽⣬һºҹδݸһǸ˽ӹ˴ʶһɨϱֳϲɫӴȡԴʼʱҹδҲʼеٶ֡
ҹδĵѾʮҲֻôһ㣬ٶ֣ʱǸһѿϵŵԿס
ҹδ֮УǰУһ˴ţְͨϵĴ֮ϡ
߲ԶǸ꣬״ҲˣٶȻҪҹδ졣ѾͨԪĴƿһ롣
һ££¡
ҹδȻѣ˲ԶǸ꣬صϿʼǸ˻ۡҹδֳЦ⡣
Сͻˣ
ҹδҲ򣬶Ǹ˻
պ
٣һԪΪ꣬һЦݡҹδʩ
лǰ
лֻǽסҺܿ㡣ҹδ룬ȡһӸ
ЩԴڵԪаŰɣϣһټ㡣
˽ӹʶһɨɫϲٴҹδʩ񣺡лǰ
ȥɣ
ǣˡ
ǸˣҹδҲ뿪ˡȻǸΣԼڶ֮ǰԼǾ뿪طһֱǧ֮⣬׼Ѱһطչءȥ˸һǣ׼졣ȴû뵽һˣ˲ǱˣŹ˻㱨ҹδ飬þŹɳϵʿǰ׺նɱҹδ顣
ҹδȻǲ֪ԼǺйأҹδ룬ɫһ㣬Ȼ¶˻ϲ
ҹѣôɣ
Ƶѣ
ߣҸطһ
ã
Ѱһ¥Ҫһٴİ䣬Ʋ˱ߺȱġ
ҹѣԺϵз𣿡
ôףҹδҡͷֲ㣬źϵĴСˣΣ
ҡͷûͻơȻźϵĴУҪͻƺϵķǳѡŴоܹͻƵġ
ҹδ뿴һ۵ŵĺϵʿȥẒ́𣿡
ֳȻ֮ɫ̹ɲŶ롣˵ˣ˵׺㣬Ĳǣ
׺ڣǧ󣬾ܹõϵСǧ˵Ҳ׾Թ϶
ҹδĬƬ̵Σ
˴УͿͻƺϵⲻһֱ׷𣿡
ҹδһоƣҼ׺ڣõ˺ϵУҲֻǰصĴаɣ
ֳһ˿Ρ
ҹδ˵ҪõĴлǳѰɣ߸Ͳܵõ԰ɣ
ⲻҪġҹδ΢΢۾ɫǵĴδʺߵ·˵Ͳʺߵ·ҵ·ϣһֱߵڡǵĺϵܹͻƺϵҲƫԭ
ҵδҲߵøԶߡ
ĬȻƬ̣̾һţҽšʿΪ˵õϵУһУȴᶨԼڶеţ㽫ضͻƺϵˡ
㼪ԣҹδٱʾһ£Ҳٱһ£Ȼһ
ԾŹǵĹô
ûʲôֻ֣⡣
Ҳûа취飬Ź㲻ôĸ߽ʿƿظ߽״кǾŹǵԱҲΪ˱Źǡãô𣿡
Ҳ˵ԣֻ۹һЩ
ֳһ˿ãҹѸۡ
ҹδ뵭һЦ㲻ΪǿУֻоŹôһӵкϵɣ
ѵ𣿡ɫһ㣺ѷµĵط
ûУҹδҡͷУضź;Źһĵطֻûзְˡ
ᣬҲҹ
ܹҶĵطǿգǸ˵һ飿
ôܣޡ
˵۽խһЩŹǾӦûЩأŽܹŽͬչͬ̽ǿաδĳ·ͬһ㣬ֻ֪žŹ棬زס
ĬȻҡͷ˵¶̫󣬲ЩܹģջҪŹЩϵʿܹ
ҹδƲƲ죺ǲıģΪѾϰĿǰĹҪı䣬ǿȡһôǿǶܹоѹȵҲǸʱͿԻŹˣҪŹٷı䣬ٵˡʣǻὫһƽ١
һտЦ˵Щˣҷһ˵ѵ㣬Ȥ𣿡
Уҹδһ£ͷ
Ҳʿ
ҹδֵҵУûʲôŹǱʿʿûʲôµķʽȷʵҲϲҲȥǵùͷ֪ǵѵ㣬Ҳ⡣ȥ
ţһһ롣
Уҹδͷ
ߡ
뿪˳ǳأһȥһ߷һ˵ʧ˰˰ٶ꣬ȥĶˣ
Ǽ˰˰ٶ꣬Ҫҵһ;Źһĵطûҵȴһ˵ľ޵ģЩҪǣԾŹû㣬Ҳʱ㣬ھŹ
㡭ԥһ£ջ˵Ͳ¾ŹǵʿΧɱ㣿ھżһƺɵϣУûɱŹ˵ĺϵ
ҹδܹ֪ҵõ˺ɵϣŵĵλǳߡôұίҴŹ˰ɡ
ʲô
ھżУȥɵϵĹУնɱŹǺϵʿǹƽľҪһأҪõɵϣ뽫жȫɱ
Ұ˰ǰŹǣһֱڣŹ˻ûкҷĳͻԣҽΪﵽʲô̶ȣҲԾŹˣŹʲôԵжǾŹǣŹʲôҹδҲضʮ
ģ
Ȼ뵽ԼŹˣŹɺϵʿȥɱҹδ룬ҹδȴǡ뿪ҹδ֪Ǽ£֪ô롣
ʵϣľŹˣҲֳɱһǱɣһǼɡ
ɱҪ־ŹĹ򣬼⡣ɱͬҹδԵǰ㣬Ҫ˵ʿҲھŹǽţǱӾŹ˵ָӣȻܹϵһʩ̽ǿա
ǱɣǴʱȴΡҹδġ
ҹδȻûͻƺϵ治ǾŹɳϵܹնɱġȻûмʶҹδʵֻҪһżҹδ뾹Ȼܹõɵϣ֪ľŹ˻ҹδûа취
ҹδֻҪӣӦץס
ҹδصŹ£ҪϱŹˡŹҪǾŹЩʿ顣
ڣͺҹδȥǸ˵ܻ˵
ˣ˵Ǹܻؿܲ
ǣҡͷܲΪȥˣȥһˣҲʶű֪
ҹδ뵱Ȼǵűͷţ
ڣ¥ɽǡ
¥ɽǣҼǵһռĳǳذɣ
ԣҪ֮
ҹδͷ˱¥ɽǷȥһ߷ɣ˻һۡ
δ룬ҾЩˡ˵ģŹȫʿ֯ضø࣬ԾŹǾһѡ
ҹδƲƲ˵ĺĶʿһҸҴģڱضҲŲٵľŹǱʿҲֻϴǣʵϸǴʿɵˡһа;Źǣûйϵ
˸տʼ齨߿϶ʿɣ
ǻǱǱƵģǾŹûĹ򣬻ᷢ𣿵Ȼֵ֯϶ɻУǺʿûйϵ
һ·¥ɽǣȻҹδ뱻ֱȥггһ˵гĶҲǷʳסС
ű⣬ǵض⣬˻١ҹδ飬ҲֻǵͷȻ⡣û˵ʱűſ˵
ôˣ
һ˵ܻأûȤ


918 
У𣿡

ȥȲ裬Ұȥǡ
ã
ҹδȥ˲ԶĲ跻Ȳ裬űֹȥ˴Լһʱű˽Լһ裬һҹδЦ
Ѷ̻
ǶõĿ佱űЦȻҹδʲôʱģ
ջá
һҹδ룬űڵûпǼĳţ룬ҿҵƼ
ҹδҡҡͷԼ·ĿɲͻƺϵҪҪøǿ󡣶ˣһֱ֪֮ȥ֪𣿡
֪ű鶼ҡͷ
ҹδЩǰһϢҲûд
ûУ
ķĻôһߵ磬ɽ硣ɽ磬ǷȥΪӦò߰ɣ
űͷҲΪһֱΪŹӦùʿϵѰµҲҪжԣһ˵ùȥĹϵһɽ磬ұ˴˻ܹһӦǾֹϵǷɽ磬ǳоͲˡ
ҹδ۾һŵǼɣ
ţűͷ
һԵڷĶǾŹǱʿûʿĳУ
ű˵Ķԣҿ϶һֱǱʿʿһֱûзʿ
鿴һҹδ룬ûҪǷǰͻֱű໥ҲһˡǶ֪ҹδ˺ɵϣźܴļͻƺϵҹδһֱԼ·˲Ŀ¡
֮ǰΪʲôһֱûʿ
ʵϣкܶʿ˸ţΪľǻúϵСȻԸԳͻ˺ϵȻͻƺϵ֮ҪõǳĲסҲûõΪŹĹͣҲ֤Լ֮Ҳмõ˺Ĺ
ǣΣ
ûϵԲ͸ˡΪõĹҲʺǣΪͻƺϵԼĵҲֹͻƺϵ
ǵһμ˼ᶨҪԼĵˡƫƫʵǿ˻õ˺ɵϣ˭˵ûͻƺϵĻ᣿
˭˵ûзĻ᣿
Ȼδش󣬵ллᡣ
ԣһűԵ飬ʱȴǱԡűЦ
ߣԷ
ָűȥһС͹ݣűһЩˣǷ˳Եģû˿͵ϡűǳԵú㣬ҹδҲԵĺܳ죬ϾѾ˷ֻ֮ԵĺܱŤ
űҹδ߿һۣǲм
ҹѣ˷֮
ţҹδͷ
˵˵ű۾һ
ҹδ룬˵֮ʱõķʽһһ˵ĳǳشšȻ㡣
ű鶼ҹδ룺㣿
һǳҪԼһʿͰԼһˡ
ţڶأ
δֻһҵ߲ˣ⣬ƣܹĻƣҼ鷲˸档
ű˼ͷлл
ҹδڰֹ֣⣬תƵѣôǸ˻صģ
ǲǻ˵°͵
ҹδűɶؿ飬鵹ûһ˼ȡһ򣬷ϵ
ɱһˣȻĴָеõġǿԿ
ҹδǸʶ̽ȥһͼջʶݸűű꣬
һͼ
ţͷɱǸʿ˵ģϵζŵóһʿϴĵͼһصĵطǲܻأʲô
Ҳżõһرͼҹδ
пһıǸ˾һնűڣ˵ʿὫԼصص㻭һͼжɵ
ٺ١Цš
űֵ̧ûôЩ㶼Ӧ뵽Բ㵱֣Բԣ
˹֣ȥȥɣ
ҹô˵űҹδ롣
ҹδеת˵ʵڶЩɣűԼڵĿӣ˵ĿĵһѺϵǣҹδ뻹ǵͷҪȥվǲı
ȥ£еĻͳ
ȥ
űóհ򣬽ĵͼȻҹδһ˱ԼоͼҹδվǶԾŹǲ̫Ϥûпʲôű
Ǵ󣿡
ԣ
ҼǵҲһЩźͼɣ
ţһţǺڡĲôŻԪʵ͡һɣںǷйϵ
ǵСˡ
ȥƾʲôߣסǡ
˵Ҳǡ
ھߣ
ߣ
˵߾ߣһº˾ŹǵϲɽԽ룬뵽һƬȥ޹صɭ֡
һƬһ޼ʵɭ֣ȻɭлһĲݵءЩݵ£еĵط
ҪʿɣʿвʿͲΣաʵϣＴǶʿҲΪΣա
ʿ˵ǲΣգŸޣ棬εȵȣΪΣա
ĵطҲڴ棬Ҫ˵Ӧǿ塣һƬ֮أȴҲŰȫĵط˵ͬһƬһЩȫĵطͬһ졣ЩϣһЩļšһƬ֮صգͳΪǵȻϡ
ʱҹδ˾վڴıԵһ߿ڵĵͼһ߲ʱ̧ͷ档
Ӧ·߰ɣ
ӦǣͼĿĵǴġ˵ʮΣաűڡ
ҹδ˼ŵҪҪǱһʱ俴
飺ûбҪɣ
ű̫ˡ
ҹδνаɣǡţˡ
ͷȥһ߱Ӷʮˡһǵжɫҹδ˾ܹжϳһСӡǸСҲҹδˣŽ䱸ҹδһȫ룬Ȼͣ˴Եһͣʱ䲻ڶӳĴ£뵽󡣶߻ʮ˵ĵۣ
ҲС𣿡
Ӿ͸
ҹδ˲ӶЦ˻ûһ񿴵СҲͷˡˣҲᱩ¶вأ౻Ϊһ֧ССӡߵúһϸ۲ΧһҲҪСӶ಻ࡣ
֣Сӻǲ٣һʱ䣬֧СӴǵԽ˹ȥؿһۣ֧СӵΪʲôô٣Ϊʲôô
ҹδȴЩȻΪôһ׵ĵͼбضżǿĽ䱸ԣɴһ·УȨһޣǵһûлԼûмԴ
˵Сֻʮͨ㲻󡣲ɸòժĲժ޻棬ô֮ռռЩǶòϣǻܹһЩʯġҹδҲŴȥڣȺʦо
ֻ鲢á￴ŲԴһƬ쳣ζã֮غܶ࣬ޱ̫ࡣ

Ŀ䣬ʮȴ̲ΣգҲֻг궨ˣ֪αܿΣա
ͲֵأȫԲɼҩͶһЩ޺Ϊ
סҲΪʳԭ򣬻Ϊԭ򣬳öߣݡҲҲ츳ܺãգǴ츳ôҲܹǴﲻյҪЩ˾ԲɼҩͶΪԶûǸÿ궼вڲɼҩͶĹУ޺ˡ
һա
Ŵ˶˸߲ңΪŶĶǿ类ڿУͻᱻڵʿߣڡΪڵӡǿδŶҲõ˺ڵĽͣϺӡ
Ӷ˲پƣŶǺȵôǾ賿ʱ֣˺ͺԼҵķ˰ߣĵ߳ȥִ˶Żŵ˳Ȼ󿴵Ŷķһ룬Χ˹
ôˣ
֪ŶԺҡͷ
Сأ
С磡
Ŷתͳڱȥûҵǿ磬˶ʼ˵ĵط˫ְ
С磬С硭
˶æǽĵطȫһ飬Ҳûҵǿ硣
ɳأ
֪û
˰Сץߣɳȥ׷˰ɣ
ɳȥ׷һû⡣
۷׷ףŶʱȴ·һƨڵϣʹ


919 
ϣˣΪۿźӾˡԼĶȴץˡ
ǸɱģץԼĶӰ
ʱǸڵɳˣŶһ۵
ͻţʱ㱨š
ϴ峤ĵɳʲôץС磿
ʿʲôޡ
ǡ˻᲻Ǵĺӣ
ɳһۣˣֻ츳õġһȥһˣŻˣǲõġ
ǣɳ
ʮ֮
ʿһߣĸꡣһʿǸɳ
λɳ˷ֳȴǸ߾ܾ
ߺǳȣǲҪС飬ھŹܹģֻˡǳ׽츳ĺͯȥСгɣص˵߹
ϣ˼߽ܻأ
ûܣҲĳ·ʿ˳ġͺˡǺڵʵҪڴ˽ǺڴѾˡ
ǡô죿ʿЩš
Ȳ鿴ɣǲҪֿ֣ҲֻܹȥɽԮ
ǡȥĸ򣿡
ȥɣﻷӶնõĲ֮ˣӦõصط
һ˲ûзУͽСŶǱ˹ȥ
ʦ壡һʿɫǵҪｨһܻأ᲻ռǺڣ
ɫǸûܣֻǺһҪｨһܻأʲŹǣռţźܴĿԱ¶ԣҲƶϡ
˶ĬˡҪֻ֪һţʵǿľǵҲֻһԪΪ
ҲҪ̫ġϰοȻǺʿʵǿڴҲǺڿʹ档ҪռţҲôסǻ뱣֤¶˵ѡ⣬ǲܹǰǣȥԮɽڣǲΣա
ɽܹùҲֻһš
Ǵ򲻹һԮֻ֮Ҫ˵ĺۼ֮ͲǵˡھŹǣ˺ֻҪ¶Ǿ·һ
ҩͣ
ȡһƿһЩҩۣȻƿСǰСǵΧСָĶᵽҩ۵ζܿˡ
ûͷʶȫƾĿۼ
һߣһϸ鿴ϵɫЩɡûпʿĺۼʱ̫ˣƾԼһ˫۾ûʲôܹסġ
ʦ壬ǰǽˡҪȥ𣿡
վڽصıԵŽȥ
һƬȥ֮ǰ·ĵطûʲôͬһƬݵأǶ֪һƬݵؾ֮ƮŹŶӦĽⶾܹʱ䶼֮£Ÿָޣǿ󡣸ΪյǣŸָĶ棬˷ʤ
ȴԥһ֮ȲȥѲĵطĵطûкۼؾֵûˡѾϸûнĺۼЩ˵ʿҲض̫ն߰ɡ
ʿ뿪ˣǲԶһУҹδ룬űʶ
ͼָɣ
ԣ
Ǹͷ˵ǽأʮն񡣡
ʲôһڻն֮أ𣿡
ûз˽ĺۼ
ֲˣܷʲôۼ
СϾһӣضḻ
ٷḻҲֻһ
˵ʲô죿ǽؿ
ҾûǽһЩڼȻڿʼѲˣֺαټ͵źѲ飬ȵģǸô嶯
һﲻʲô˵ܻأһżأ
ǶʲôΪˣʲôżܹǣܹǵģҲֻϵйأϵйصıż
˭֪
δ룬˵ôģ
Ҿŵ˵ĲǵȺڡ
ڸȥˣ
ǵǲأȻͼָʿûмڱĵطӦòʲô֣ջǻصǾӡһ߼ûʿһߵʿ
µȵʱܳ
ʱ䳤ûʲô顣ѵ㻹ͻƺϵ
Ǿţ
š
žһʵδ룬һ𣿡
˵
ʲô
ΪʲôҪ
ⲻΪ㶼ܹɱϵĹһǿ˵˵˵£˵ˡ
ڶǻԪԲǴڵӣӦöкϵĹɣ
ţǰصĹ
˵𣿡
ܣ
ΪʲôҾ˵
Ц˵ˡǸ
ܺ˵Ǻ˵˵
űĿƵҹδ롣
տʼʱѧĹҲͨĹͱûʲôͬսҲûôǿ󣬺ͱ¡ֻǺҲϵܡ
˵ĹԴģű˶𾪵Ŵ͡
Ҳô˵Ķ˴ĹȱĻںϹͨӦýԴ
űĬ죬̾ΪʲôһֱҪԼܺԸԭ򣿡
ԣҹδͷûǿȻʲôԣֻҪܹͻƺϵͿԡѾӵǿĹΪʲôҪޣֻҪܹܳĹһͻƺϵǿ֮ǰ˵֮ɽ硣ɽҲҪһǿʿǱʿ
ҹδ뿴һ˵ľû˵ɽ¶ЩǰûһϢǴ˵Ҳã˵
ûСҲҪõɽϢһ㡣ûУڶɣǲɽ硣ǰҲЩǰɽ̫֮ˡ
һʮȥ
ڵʿûв鵽˿ۼһλص˽ߡ
ϣҪȥ𣿡
룺ĸţһ˽ȥڣûлϱš
ȥ
ĸʿɫݵ뿪ˣΪǸûлĸʿܿͻص˺ڡһӾˡ
Ͼôˣһڽسһ˵ܻءԼſڶһˣס
ǺڵҲˣֻһԪɲȥ̽ء㶣ϿңԼҴ뿪˴ȥ˺ɽڡ

һԪżʮʿ˽رԵʮʿ뵽أҲŽȥˡ˼ںͺɽڵʿ档ȻҲûгǼʿŻŵˡ
ҹδɫˡҹδ뿴һ飺ƵѣӦڵΧɣ
ţΧıԵ
ЩʿӦûȥŰɣ
Ӧǡ
ˣ̫ϳϻ𣿡
˵ҵˣǾͲܶˡóȥδ룬ûɣ㲻㣬뿪Ҳδ½⡣
û¡ʱǳȥҹδν
ȴһݣҹδ뻹ǲѺϵطڵ̫ϳϾһϵء뵽ôһǿԮڣȫһЩַ˲١
һεȵʱе
£ĵЩƺƴ󣬺һٶˣΪܸߡΪ׵ı̫ϳϼ𣬺ϵءԪһЩԪȵȡڶʵһ롣
˼飬űҲ˳ȥҹδ뵱ȻҲ͸š֪ǸոһĿɨ˹ˣرǿҹδ룬ĿⲻһȻͰ
ô
ҹδǰʩȻ㲻Բ㽫˵һ飬ȻǸ˹ȥһ飬Ȼ󻹸飬Ŀ˽أ
ô˵ҪȥҶСġ
û棬ΪšܽʲôһϵأŽ
̤˽أҲ׷׷ʳⶾȻͷ֣棬Ȼ
ҹδ뵽֮ɫһ䣬̫ˣʴֵٶȷǳ죬Ƶʿòٵزģҹδľ磬Ҳֲһ졣
ˡ


920 
һƬܼҹδĿȥһȺǷ˹ÿӶȭͷС
ſһ£³ǧͬһƬƵӣûпǣͱɱһ롣ٴοһ£Щӱʣ޼Ȼ˹ȴʿնɱ˱ǰС
ۡ
µĲݵͻȻཬӿֳĿ޴ĺɫͷ­г˳ſ˴ڣϼ⣬Ƕ
飡
̧·һ壬˲ʯӲЩ߽ʯ֮Уֻһſͷҡ
飡
̧ٴһ壬±ǧͬһ㣬ܵЩͷʳɷ顣
ʿһ˷ܡ
ʲôأΪʿ粻⴦Ԫʿܹɱ֮أ̫ϳϵĽ£ɶҲǡ
ҹδں棬ĿɨӡڼʵҲ壬ǸǵǣΪĿǰΪֹûмһʬ塣
֮ǰȥôʿʱ˵һʬˣһ˿˽ĺۼҲ
֮ǰЩ˽ĺۼűҹδľٶ΢˼ʵ
ţ
ˣҲġЩ˼ˣҲᱻɣȻ֮ػָԭò
ҹδͷȴΪָܹԭòҲһۼû£ϾȺüʮ˽ȥҵûˣضΡ
ʱҲʶһ㣬ɢһţʼǰƽܹŹ˿ۼ
ＸûڵһܹԶΪ¶ֻܹһЩ̲ݡ޷֧ŴܹںԶһƬС֡
̤С֣µرһӲﲻ󡣼СȥҹδҲǰƽȻͣСֵ룬Ŀһôϡ
ҹδҲĿǿôϣĿֳ˲죬Աܹ֪ôĲ
𷢳һХһʿۣܿ죬һٶʿͻôΧһʦǰʼ
һӵʱ䣬󷨾ͱƽ⡣ǵǰ¶һص̨·չ·ȥȻһʿҹδûиűǰ棬վһԣŴҶȥ̨̤ס
ľٶű˶Ҳû˵ʲôȴҹδЩӡ
⵨Ҳ̫Сˣ
̫ϳڣ
ͨܳһֱŵչԼǧ׵ľ룬ǰļͣ˽Ųͨ˾ͷһŻŻһ޴ĴǿտûˣҲûмҾ֮Ķ
ʶӳȥڴһ飬ûзʲôǵҲʮСģǸʦȥ鿴Ƿ󷨡Ǹʦȥ֮󣬼˴ԼʱصŻǰ
̫ϳϣûзκ󷨵ĺۼ
̫ϳϵͷüŻɣΪڲûзͨŻһ·ȴûˡ
ûзְ
ʦҡͷûС
ûпܣв󷨣粻
ʦҲûܣϾҵҲûдﵽˡ
룬ջǾٲ˽ȥԼžԵģʲôԼҲܹӦԣЩʿԼȴԲ¡
˽ȥЩҲں档󣬱ҹδŻڣҲûԥ˽ȥѾߵҪ̽һ
뵽ڣ˱㿪ʼֿȥѰңûз֡
ǡ
Ȼ䣬ɫ䣬о޴ѹÿ˵ϡ
ۡ
Ԫµʿֱ忪ʼѣΪ࣬ЩԪʱҲãڵѪʼӺë
ɫ䣬ʱҲãƶ벽ҪķѼľ˾֣ȵ
ôֱʣȻһŰǺ˰ҡ
ĺҹδ뷴Ӧˡ
һʺסΪʮǿеİǣǺϵԲʿԱ߷ɹᱻȥڰ֮ϣȻرѹԣеʿѰֲǺǿİǣȻȡǺˡǺ˱ֺô
һ䰲ţγһʿԽ壬Ҳ
ڶֱǰ˵ıȽǺ˰һطȻ󷨸˽ʱɢȥ󣬵˾ͻǺ˵Ĺͬҹδ㡣
ҹδѾȷ˵ֱˣһ֯òֱִʡֻǲ֪ŪôֱʡĿʲô
ⲻҪһǺˣҪһʦ󷨣ͱ֮ǰǸʦˡ
ҹδڻܶģֻǶҲЩѡҪȼǿ࣬Ͼҹδıǿȴﵽ˺ϵԲֻҹδ벢û¶װʮּѣҪ˸ôֱʣҪʲô
ʱڣʣʮˡһϵʣµĶǻԪµʿѾˡھһصĴ
ҹδڵţڵȼȳһ֮˻λش𡣵ǣȴûлش𡣴ֻмڻص
ˡ
ͬһ£Ȼ£ˣǽڶҹδг˽䱸֪һ󷨿ˡֻûпʲô󷨡
ǣоëȻȻ󷨻ûпʼȴһΣСҪͷŵȴԼͷŵٶȱ֮ǰҪǧδĵ׼һ룬ɫ䣬˿־;
ѻ󣡡
һ̣Ѿȫҹδת㿴ʮԪʱѾȫʧȥǣзĲҽֻǸںʹֿ
ҹδ͸оԼʶƺżҪԼʶڵһжա
಻Ȼ
˵ѻ󣬻ھŹ˵ģһֶģʮѲ󷨣ҪܶඥĲϣЩϱھŹǶʮ󣬺Ѵ롣
һ£޴
ѻ󣬹˼壬ʵϾǺѻ࣬ȴѻǿ̫ࡣ԰ʿļȡγһ͸Ĺ顣Ǹʿһļ䣬ȻͰʿһĵá
˵Ǵ顣
ҹδ˲ˣô֪˶ãΪ˻úϵĴС
˵Ǹ̫ϳϿ϶кϵУҲźϵڵĴУЩԪеĻԪԲҲضźϵڵĴСű
һ£ҹδҲĶˡԼõһЩϵʿĵãǽȻ̫СˡܹúϵУֻǺϵڵĴУԼİʮ־޴

ʱ򣬼Ҳ˲ҽУͷһ˿˿͸ĹߣԴһ߸ңʼ۳һӡ
ҹδںΪѣΪȻоһͱʿԭͲͬʿʶûԪȴһԪȹ̶̳Ǳ˲ȵġѻҪܼѡȻһռ䡣ʱռڻ㻯
ˣԴϾû͸˿߱ճȥװżʹ࣬Ҳȥ룬ҹδװʹģһļ״
û˵ʿ֣ǳҹδ֮⣬ÿԴϵĹ鶼ڽرҹδѡ
ԣٹãűͻᱻѻԴϵĹ϶źϵڵĴСԼ
Լˣ˵ʿضἫĹעԼԼĹ飬¾ûʲôˡ
ǣԼߡԼֻʣ¼Ǹ顣һԼûǿɾһա
ֻ˲䣬ҹδ¶˾ġ
֣һ֡
ζˣȻôݣҲﵽһ˵ٶȡҵɢʱͺ飬űԶֻѾˡʱѾƮڰС
ǡ
һ죬ҹδ벻̧ͷȥϣһʯͷ˻ȥ¶һڣһǹӶҹδ͸˳ԭǸ͸ͺܴãǴǹٶͬ硣˲͵ҹδǰ
ҹδֻüʵҹδӰܴ
ۣ
Ǵǹʹ͸ҹδ硣ҹδƺһ
ҹδһüкͬʱסǷڿƶٶҲǳȫ֮ܺǰȡǾܽŴ򿪣㽫˽ȥȻҹδƮ˻
͡
˴ǹҹδ뼤˹ҹδҲҹδ롣ڵסһ˴ǹǵڶ˴ǹȴǴ͸ء
ҹδûԼˣһеϷĶһ̡



921 
ХһǸڷӵȥǸھʹһæ֮Ȼ¡¡ĵײ
ҹδĿһתڵ£ͷǸѾۣ㽫Ǹȥ
ң
ڴһŭȣȻһֻ̽ҹδоһᣬѹȸж
ã
ҹδ˲ͷӦ˹ǶԷҪմ飬ĻԷҲӰ죬ֻôǺˣܹٵȡй顣ǱϾǶԷҹδ뷴ӦˣȻȥǱԷȥ˼Ĵй顣
飡
ҹδ˫һ壬αǶڳ˹ȥǻûзɵĶڣоһ·ȥԷֽˣǺ˵ٴֳҹδһ˵ϡ
ǣ
ϷǸֱʯͷˡϷ˾ȻʣµĴй鶼Ҫˡҹδ˷·ȥӰ¡ߵò졣ΪߵͨŻоһᡣҹδҲطŻŷŶסǸڳ˹ȥеͬһ˴ǹǿʯͷγ˽ȥ
ĿĹˣ㿴һ·չͨҹδͨӣܿͿһĵҡڵһҹδһ̤˴ȻִѾʧȥЧӦһ߱ƻˡ

ҹδ³һ֮´Ѿòࡣ
˵ҵϷŸǸǺ˾Ӧ÷ϷӦǸرո󣬴ͻܵǺ˵Ӱ졣򿪸󣬾ͻǺ˵˵ˣӦǹ⽫ͼȥҲǹⲶ׽һЩӣ¶ԼټĿľһϵʿõϵĴС
һã¶Ǽ˲ܹġѰһǶףٽǺ˳ȡ͸ˡ
ʣ˵жǳɹˡǵõ˺ϵУҲźϵ֮ǰĴС
δضֺϵʿŹͳεʱһȥˡ
ҹδҡҡͷһжԼ޹ءûĻԼҲӦõõ˺ϵУֻǺϵڵĴСԼѾ㹻ˡԼֲҪִУֻΪ˽
ڵĹؿҪͻƺϵӻԪϵһ蹵ĴؿҲΪˣҹδŻһǧ꣬Ҳûп蹵һ蹵Ǿǵ˺蹵Ķ棬ࡣ
˵ֻҪ˺ϵ磬Ӻϵһصأҹδ̫ࡣԣҹδҲҪϵ֮ĹֻҪ̤ϵͿˡ
һϽѾҹδ룬ȫﵽԼĿġֱһ֮ϲֻǸǺҲʿˣҹδЩź
»صǸлƮʮһ飬ͷŷǶȻ뿪˴Ȼ뿪˴
Ⱥ˽ٸʿһϵʮԪһжϢһθɵüΪƯƵüºŻᷢγصĴ
ǧ⣬ٻɽϡ
һţٻڡ
ٻһͱϣҹδ뿪һʱȻûڱ˶ڣ뵽С
ҹδ̧ͷڵİУƮʮ顣ҹδҲżʼһһʶ̽뵽һڣֻһ˲䣬ͲԷǻԪԲҹδѸٵջʶΪ֪Ķһ֮ͻɢ
ȻһûкϵеĴ飬ҹδ˵ȫûôĶһ飬ٵһ飬Ǽֱ˷ѡЩһԪԲۿżĿԣֱǸԪԲͻƻԪԣÿֻһ̽գԪԲĴ顣
ҹδ룬űԲͬţϵӦòͬӦһţԺĹӦһˣԼĶű˵ĴͿˡ
ҹδȡʮһУʮһ鶼Ȼ˷ӡһ֣Ĵе˸ǰ̽һʶ뵽ڡ
⴫ڿɲźϵһĵú;ҹδ벻ĶĶǴһ˿˿С
ȥ
Ǵɢһ˿꣬ҹδֻϸĶһĵãûȥǺϵѾǳʱʱǺϵһߣĵã¹ȥ
ҹδ³һü両ֳϲáѾܳǳĺҲǺϵĹֻһܣ಻㡣ѾǾ޴Ľܣʣµֻʱ⡣ʱ֮ǰҲܳȴ᳤Ϊҹδ뻹źϵĹûĶֽ⣬ںϡһϵҹδԼǧĵ̣ȫܳĹ
ҹδ뿪ʼǲϵȻֻǰأǶҹδ˵Ѿ㹻ˡ
ʮꡣ
ڵҹδ۾ʮںǳϵԼһĵ̣ܳĺϵ
ǳĺϵ
ǳĹǿϵԲ
ǧĵ̣ǧ򰡣
ҹδ벻ɸпȻ̽ԼڣоһϲʮڷķڿźܶʮڵԪתﵽ֮һҲתԪټ´ʱûͻƺϵʵҲ˲ֹһ
鿴һʶڵĺɵϣûж١ɵϵòǰʿϵںϵ֮ϣҲӦЧ֮ǰŹϵЩʿܹҪԭɣ
Ȼҹδò˺ɵϣʿܹͻƺϵܹûкɵϣҹδҲԼܹܳǳĺͻƺϵֻʱ⡣
ɵֻ൱һҹδͻƵøһЩһЩ
ҹδӷڳϥɽ֮ڡ
԰ɡ
䡭
ҹδҪʼͻȻ洫˵ĺ
ǻԪս
ֻһҹδжϳսĵȼֹͣȴûҪȥ˼ŵЩ˴ԶˣԼսԼʲôϵ
ǣ˺ҹδȻվΪǺ̫Ϥ
磡
ҹδһƿ˶ڵľʯһ˳ȥȻ㿴߿֮ϣĸΧˡ
Χȴž۰ԡ
ʱž۰Զ·磬ϴˣһսһӡԶȥ
ҹδȥĿɨӣ΢ĸʿоȻϵһϵһԪйž۰еһϵȻֻǺϵڣǾϵĲ죬ϵƣž۰᧿Σ
ҹδĳ֣Ҳսе˷֡ž۰Ŀһȴû·ʶҹδ롣ĸʿҲֻǿҹδһۣ㲻ᡣǿҹδһԪһԪҲ뵽ս֮С
ҹδˡ
ֵʮͻȻһͳУŰžʿ˹ȥ
𡭡
һХ˲䲼󡣽ʿ档ҽʿֿ
ҹδΪ磬ͷųѾﵽԪڡǸϵţͻȻ֮˲䣬͸֪ܣԼܲвҲԼ΢鷳һЩ
䡭
һȭ󣬱ҪڴʱҹδѾ֮ڣɾɱǸԪʿȻԷ춯
䡭
Ǹϵʿ󣬳˳Ŀҹδ룬гɱ⡣ҹδһָ
Ӿ͸оһȻ·׹һصȥҹδѾͬһ
ۣ
ǹһǹͺ䱬ǸϵԴʬ·׹䡣ҹδʱѾͷ۰Ǳ߳˹ȥ۰Դһ
Ԫң
ã
ҹδӦһ㲻۰ԣ۰ԵʵܹɽȻʿ˺ɵһԪԲȫ⡣̧ǸϵһָǺϵʿ·ȥҹδѸٵرƽһǹǸϵͬʱ۰Իħ棬ɱǸԪ
ĸѸٵشɨսȻԶ룬ڿз۵糸ٻһʿԶԶڿУҿ
磬ĸ硣
δ룡
ǧ֮һɽϣ϶ֳϲ֮ɫ
δ룬ͻƺϵˣ
ûУҹδҡͷ
žһӣɱϵɱҲܹͺϵڵʿ֣Ҫɱѡ
ҹδ۰ԣĸ磬ɱһϵڣӦûɣ
Եû⣬ǻħ棬ĺܴߣȻԺ޹˼ɵʩչӡ
˶Ц


922 ϵ
磬ĸ硣ڶԺϵ𣿡
۰ԾͽĿž䡣ž䵭ȻһЦѾ̤ϵĹȻУȴûͻơĵܣҲħܳȥħĲ֡δ룬һҾͽҵĹ㡣ԣͻƺϵҪ֮ǰ
Ҳܳ˺Ĺҹδ
Ŷҿž
Եȣ
ҹδóһհ򣬽ԼܵĹ˽ȥȻ󽻸ž䡣žӹ򣬿ʼĶĶʶڣͼռ俪ʼžĹںϣܡ
žĶ˹۾ҹδ۰Ҳšһ죬໥ЩԵľ
δ룬֪ڵľŹǷˡ
ˣ
ţŹǱʿڷ׷ɱʿǾŹϵĺϵʿɽһЩʿ÷ডвѾ뿪˾ŹǣһЩʿھŹǡʿ齨ˣŹǸݻˡ
ҹδһ㶣Ƿʲô¶þŹ˵ķ
Ϊʲô
˵ڵһ̫ϳϱɱˣĲ̫϶Ļֻһ̫ϳϣþŹǱôֻǴڶ֪ԭ򡣡
ҹδȴǻȻĺϵЩԪһ֪ǱѻˡҾŹ˵ʿӦҲܹѻˣҲ֪ˣͨѻõ˺ϵСǾŹ˷ԭ
ϵŹ˲ںԼھżɱ˼ϵŹҲûзˡͨѻ꣬˺ϵУǾŹŵԭ
뿪ŹǵЩʿҲδذȫɣ
ţ۰ԵͷŹҲǿգǿյ̫࣬©֮㡣ҲΪŹ˷ǿգòʿǿգھŹء
ʿɾŹ¾
ȻǡŹϵʿʵϲ٣ΪֶͣҲܿԽǿգŹǡЩʿѾƼۡԣŹǾҪʿȫɱԣЩʿҲʼеĶѾ򲻹Źˣ򲻹ĴţǴùźͼɣ
ԣʮʱ䣬Źϣʿݻٵźͼǳ࣬ŹǼֱսʿ;ŹǱʿԳ֮һڼ
ɽʿأϢ𣿡
ûСЩһֱʹһûɽʿ
Ǳأ
ҲˣǱҲźܶʿҲڱ׷ɱξǾŹʿ
۰ֳһ˿ЦҿŹЩϵʿͲںʿ;ŹǱʿǺ޲öһЩʿǱʿһɱ¾ֻҪһʿŹǵͻżĸơֻǽһͷչԤıɱ¾
ҹδͷӦҲⷽԭ
ž۾۰ԺҹδĿȥ
žȡһհ򣬿ʼ͹Ȼݸҹδ

ҹδӹ򣬿ʼĶвʱ¶֮ɫžҹδĹϸĹˣܳϵ֮ϵĹҲֻкϵ֮ϵһ磬ٸߵľûˡ
סе𾪣ҹδ뿪ʼϸۿϵϸĶ֮ҹδ۾ʼԼܡԼʱҹδ۾ȵ
磬
úʾͺážЦе
̫ˡ
ҹδкǼʵϣž˵ĹҲֻǸҹδԭܹİٷ֮һٷ֮һȴʮֹؼҹδܵĹһӾͱøϽֻĹŻҹδߵø͸Զ
žΪʲôô̵ʱڣܹԼǧܵĹ϶ܡҹδȴȥʡ˼Ƭ̵
磬ǽʲôƻ
ûʲôƻȶţлɱŹǵʿ
ҹδ룬Ŷĵ̻Ӧñˣֻǡ
ҹδ֪һ¡
ţ
û
и֪һ´ŵķƺڲ׺Ǹ
ѵŶĻھӪ̻᣿
ҹδ˼һ£ŶûһھӪ̻ᣬôŶıϵݲʿ
ŶĸıòȥӪ̻ᡣҹδҲûòʲôȥӪ̻ᡣ齻Ŷģҹδͳ׵˦ƹŶĵòҲδؾıġ˵ŪĸŹǱʿȻ󻯳òԱʿھӪ̡
޷ôúúõģҺھӪ̻ᡣ
ҹδ΢ģ£͸ȥǱˡŶܹݣ̻˵һĻᣬҲܿ׳
Ǳߣҹһ˾ľŹʿӦû¡ԼҲܹȥڲܹȥ̬ƽһЩԼ͵͵ȥں̻ῴ
ڣһطȶͻƺϵ˵
ǵģ
ԼѾͻƺϵʱˣĹǧĵ̣оԼѾͻƵٽ㡣
磬ѰһھŹ˵һأĵطҾӦܹͻƺϵˡһͻƺϵ̫Ҳֻнػֵط԰ȫңҪһ𡣡
һɣͻƵʱҲܹ㻤˵ҲڲͻƣϾҲĹҲһЩһ𣬲˭ͻƺϵӦöϡ
ԣòֿ
ҹδҲյͷȻ˿ʼԼĽأ
ߣǲԶǻɳĮݲҳŷ籩ɳԽɳĮȻǽأҲһȥΣ
ã
˺ܿ˾ȻŻɳĮǱжȥ죬ǺܽءºѾ˻ɳĮ
ԶԶرܹ޾ɳĮУĻڿзݺᣬɳŨȼ͡
ûмŽȥԶȻع۲졣
ǿʿɳĮҲбʿ׷ɱȥʿɱҲŹǱʿɱһµʱ䣬߾ŹʿڰڣѰһ϶Ǳ˻ɳĮ
һɳĮŨȻֲָȴҲʮ֮⡣ҵǻһķ籩
һ߶ŷ籩һɳĮӶȥ
ɳϣȻܵʿĹԽߣԽǿ
һº
˻ûдﵽɳĮģȴҲòͣΪķɳѾеܲסˡ˶һۣҹδ˷ս˷ȻҹδαɳĮȥ
տʼɰɣԽ£ԽʵԽӲǱһǧףĲɰҹδǱǱһǧףΧѾʮּӲҹδ㿪ʼսܿһҡĸ˳һڡ
ܿһһ
ÿһңһĿȻ˱㿪ʼõӹ̵ҡһ֮ҹδֿʼ
һ
˱Լн뵽֮С
һҹδЩˮɵζȻ̵õͻƣȴԴ֮ˮ಻˸ԶסһϥϣϵҲԴԴϵתԪҹδܹĸ֪ŹתԪٶȶ˲ֹ屶
˸ת˲ҹδһֻѾ˺ϵżʱصϿʼΧ۶λ۶صŴĺϵϣֺϵϵİΧ£ҹδٶȵõһʵķ
ͬʱž۰ԶڣϵĵȻҲܵӰ죬ŨٶҲʼȻҹδ룬ȴҲһֹ
һȥҹδȫ̤˺ϵһ̣˲оԼ̫࣬Լһ㣬ʧ
һ˿ҹδʧо˹ϢҹδȻҴһڿڣҹδŵϿȥ
飡
ɳҹδɳĮг˳ȻԶӶȥٸڽػۡ
ʱҹδͣ
òͣΪѾŨīҪ
䡭
ִҹδϡ׽١ҹδ벢û̫ںϾıѾﵽ˺ϵԲͻƺϵ׽ٲκ
׽ٺϣҹδת壬ϵʮϣܹ׽٣ԼıһȼҪֻ̫Ҫﵽϵ֮ϡ
䡭
ٵһһǿҹδ볹ױûԲʮͬһƬ׳ء
īȾʮ֮һĻɳĮ֡Χڵһ类ѹȵɢ


923 ռ
ƱڻɳĮ֮⣬Ҳܹ
ɳĮ֮ʿһȻɫǿڶɺϵ٣Ҳ֪ڶɽ١׽٣޾η塣
ȡѶ̣ϲ㱨
ʵϣһԪʿͻƺϵңԶͨʿǸ֪ǺϵʿܾԶҲ֪
ʱŹϵĸһϵʿŻɳĮӶȷڻɳĮжɽٵıضʿŹǵʿôһΣյĵطɽ١һԪͻƺϵھŹǵκһŶһ£ضźãһźϵʿôһڻɳĮɽ٣
ԣضһʿƲ⣬ض˵ʿΪֻ˼ļ䣬õ˺ϵ
ҪȥΧɱǸڶɽٵʿ
ϵʿٶȼ죬رǻżϵԲҹδɵھŵٵʱǱѾϵɳĮҹδɵڶʮٵʱ򣬾ŹеĺϵʿѾϵĺϵʿܹʮ

ľŹֻʮϵ֮ǰôϵ˾żֱҹδɱ˼Ҳɱ˼ֻʣʮ
ʵϣڵľŹʵʱ򡣵ʵҲʿֵܹġ˵ʮϵͷͿԺɨһǡʱʮʿԶԶΧҹδɽ١
ǿҹδ룬ΪҹδѾȫû׳һȫɢһͻή
ʱʮϵʿؾһɫΪء
ٺǿ
Ҽǿ٣ЩʿͻƵʱ򣬾ûôǿٵܶٵ֮һ
ôܣ˶ߵڵĺϵǿ˳̶ȡѵ˵ʿ츳̫ߣ
ԭǸʿ츳ʼߣҲڵĹʵҲӦޡǿҲǿ󲻵̶ֳȡ
ѵɽٵĲǶߺϵе˵ʿ
пܡ
ǡô죿
ֻҪǾŹǵˣɱ
ǣĹӦòͬɣ򲻻ǿ󣬾ôɱˣ
ǾͽشȻץеֶαʣʵڲУѻꡣ
ƣһͻӦʵǿ
ǿΣҲһոͻƵĺϵʮϵкϵԲԸһոͻƵĺϵ
Ҳ֪˭᲻˵һ֪˵˭Ǻأοأ
ʮϵһȻϽһСӣûΪҹδһոͻƺϵˣӡΧҹδɽ֮أŸԴ
䡭
һٺҹδ屻ûһߵ壬һ߸֪档ʱʶҲӣᱻ顣ȴܹ֪˺ܶϢǿʿ
ôʿҲֻкϵƾŹеĺϵʿˡ־£ҹδһ뵽ľӡ滹ӲƴǾɵ
ϣܹѰɡ
ҹδҲûжģܹΧȦȻߡٶȣҹδ뻹żšǣŹǵĺϵʿˣռ䣬ӶӲȥ̸ΰѣ
䡭
һ׹䣬ҹδͬʱм
ٵĹУЩϵǲҷռģὫǡԣĿǰЩϵҲֻܹһΧȦһ֮ǲŻַռ䡣Ҳ˵Լôһɲǵʱ䣬ͨռ֮ǰΧȦ
ǣⲢס
ԼֵķΧǴȻ֪ĿǰŹжٺϵǲᳬһٸһٸĺϵʿҪΧôķΧܡ϶©
ǣЩʿǺϵÿһϵʿܹͨʮˣһٸĺϵܹγһܵİΧȦ
ƴɡ
ԼסһɲǣԼڵıӦѾ˺ϵԲֻǻûзʱ䣬Ҳûдﵽϵ֮ϡҲûдﵽԼıǿȣӦҲܹܶԷż
ǵġ
׼ڳΧȦʱ򣬲Լ塣壬Է˵ڳΧȦ֮ٶȾͲˣܰЩϵԼ壬ֻҪԼˣڳΧȦ֮ԼͿԽռ䣬ȫٷУЩϵ
䡭
ҹδ뿪ʼרĵ壬ʱһʱһʱĹȥһҪˡ
ҹδЩźȻ֪ϵ֮ʲô磬ȴ֪Լı岢ûзʱ䣬ȻԶ˺ϵƺϵ֮ϺܽȴûлͻơһѾòϡ
ΪҪˡ
䡭
һ
飡
ҹδŶأϵһ˲䣬бŸ߿ճ˳ȥŲ̤ǲͬһ㣬мȥ
䡭
ԭ׼ַռʮϵʿҹδӣҹδٶʵǳǵ
̫ˣ
Ҫ׽ҹδ룬ܵҹδͷųǵǿͨ
ʮǿͨӸҹδ˹ҹδоһЩͨһԼϣԼɣʱǽУҲˡ
ҹδϷͷŲ̤ǲֱǶһ֪ͨԼֻܱͨһͨԼ뱻ͨ۹ΣڿлһӰϻ˸һͨ
䡭
ת˲䣬һͨ໥ײѿڼ̵ʱڣͨײĲͨҲˡ
ռһƬ硣
ҹδ뵹һȻʮͨҲǳܣ崫ҵʹȴûбͨĺҪıǣŵڶͨûüͷţǿա
ǡ
ռ䱻ˡ
ŹǴûôĺϵʿһͷǿһһۡǣԣҲû֪Ŀռϱˡ
ռͬѿһŴ죬洫Եľ޴Ҿҹδ̫ˡ
ҹδ㱻˽ȥ
ʮϵһ߷ˣһ𾪵Ǹѷ졣
˵ռѷģҲֻǳЩϸϸѷ죬Ҳû˻ۼĺϵʿ顣ȴӵϸϸĿռѷУ֪ڵĿռвԣû˸ҽȥ
ǾԶǸ޴Ŀռѷغ£ջָԭòûһ˿֮ǰͬ
ҹδЩϵûʲô֮ġеֻźûץסҹδ룬õҹδĹ
ռС
ҹδû뵽˿ٶȣ˿ٶ£ǿи
֪ʲô࣬ԲԪܱԼãǿƻҹδѾϵı壬ֻôһ򣬱Ѿһ˿˿ѺۡһϵǺϵԲʱ岻Ǳи飬ϵļҲᱻ룬ֻʣ¹ͷȻʱƣջΪ촷ۡ
ǣҹδ벢û뵽ڣٶڱһӡҲ֪Լµʶӡάֶãӡ˵Ȼһһ˴ǹǹ⣬űȫ˹ȥ
ûã
ҹδûԣϵķ
ôĺϵһźһѷ죬ԼܺƱϡȻҲ϶ռҲһȹ̵ģضбͿԼܲҵڲҵʱҪˣΪѾʼмⱻиˡ
һ뵽ռ䣬ȻٽһϺһˮӣȻһЩҩ˽ȥ۳ˮע˳ӣȻ˽ȥַʳ˵תʼˡ
һʱҹδȬ
ô
̫ã
ҹδоһ㻹ֶܼã
һ¡
ҹδһɣࡣ
һ¿ǰ£һҪϱ㣬ȻƱڶҹδ붼롣
ǵһºô죿
ԼȥҲְܹʱǸʱԼ¶ˡʱͲָġ
ˡ
ԼѾϵˣͷĻֶܹã
Ҫԡ
ҹδһгսԼʶȻͷųĻ
͡
ռиĻֻ˲㽫Ļиһѷ졣ҹδ̹עԪ޸ҹδһ£ԼɵԪϵΪάĻһֱԼڵԪԪȫĸɾܹάһʱ䡣
ԼԪָ۷壬Ҫʱ䣿
ҹδ벻֪Ϊûо״̬ԣΪ漰һ߹עԪһҪֱһ
ռл谵һƬûв޷


924 
֪һԼµõӡܹ֪һӡڿռϣƺֵܹʱһЩ
ҹδֳռָ޷ûܹṩԪ
ռٶȼ죬ҲͼҹδٶȺ£ѿԼķŬҪԶռϡǽԶˡտ˿ռϡеһҶۣտʼܹߣȻڷУԶ˺ߣտߣܹĶˮ
ڿĶǿռ
ԶĹУҲûջ
˵Ҳ֣ҹδǱߵУǿռϵġǽռУȴܹռϡһڰıϣҹδע⵽ǱϵɫŲͬҹδһֲ²⣬ҲɫǳһЩıϾܹһЩ
ǣûлȥˣΪѾˡ
ҹδ沨˼
ռڵ羿ʲô
϶ǳǳеգֲû˹Ҳûʱܹǳ
ô
᲻һĿռв㣿
ܿܣ
ҹδ뵽Ҳ͹ϲˡ벻סҼˣΣ
˼δһ˱ϣҵ˱ϱԼô죿
ԼڵʵռжסԼȻһ㲻ϵغü˿ռϵı㣬ҲһӾܹ򴩵ģҪܶΡںһλ϶סΡҪܹﵽĿģҲֻһ·ԼΪ
һ
ҹδĵԪһգһ뵽֮УȻҹδ֮̽Ͽʼһ߻ָԪһ
Ԫָúܿ죬İֻǰʱ䣬ҹδ㽫ԪȫָһһЩԪڵԪһգԪתŲСİȻҲ֪ΪԼûȡôЧ
ǣҲǲѡ
Ĺأ
ϵԴҲĹأ
ǸʱԼֻܹˡ
ԴĹ֮ǰҵϵı㡣
ҲҹδźĵطҲֻܹԪתҪΪͱˡΪȱٺϵ޷˸ȻҲ޷Ϊ
ֻҪܹԪתҲܹʵ
ǾͽԪתΪɡ
ڿɲǽʡʱˣ֮ǰҹδΪáʼˡʵϣҲûа취
ʱһȥҹδȥһ졣ˣܵ˺һ沨һѰſռϡ
ʮȥ
ҹδΪϵһ۷壬֪ǼޣԼһֱռУ㲻ͻƣΪȱԪתѾɣڿռֵܹøá
Ԫ͵Ԫͬʵ
ֻһɣȴܹԭһʱ䣬죬ʱķֻӵĴݣҲҹδӽǡʮûҵռϣͬʧеıۡһĹ⣬ȴľ
ڿռŵĿռ沨־ҲһĿ飬ҹδ˵ľʮʱ䣬㹻ݻ־ˣҲһ˿˿ꡣ
ˣֹȥ˰ꡣҹδжȻϲ
˿ռϣɫĿռϣĿɫĲͬűϵķȥѾתɵԪܹ΢Լķ򣬲һûС
˿ռǰڿռһӡȻϡǺܿ죬ɫһ䣬Ϣʱ䣬Լڱϵӡɢˡ
ôܣ
ܹ֪ԼµǸӡڣȻ֪ԼԼȴܹ֪ŵķôӡ˿ɢ
ҹδһڿռӡֺܿɢֳΣշˡȥԣǿʼרĵعռϡϣ뵽һ磬˲ܹȥ
䡭
γſռĳȻڼĵֿһıƶƶкűϡ
еı֮ҪһЩʵȴԺ俪
ҹδ벻ͣعҲûҵһܹƿĵطȴڿռĳ£ڽԶռϡ
ؼǣ֮󣬾ͲòռڻָΪԪѾȫһաһȥٳѾ˿ռϣһʧ˿ռ֮С
վڿռ֮Уҹδ֪һ£ھŹǱߵӡܹ֪
Ϊλˣ
ҹδ뿪ʼһ߹۲ܣѰµĿռϣһ߷ŸֿܡƲһֿܡ
ҲΪԼԾŹǸ档ȻǾŹǱˣ;ŹǴͬһ档ԼȻ֪Լӳһ̿ʼھӦӡжǸϢǸϣԼǸӡᱻǸϣŻᾭòɢǣԼı棬ԼϢŻܿɢԼӡ
аɣ
ԼھŹǱߵӡǲɢˣˣԼ㻹һؼҵ·
Ȼ·ƾҹδڵΪʵزȥΪռ赲
ҪҵһȥȻԼΪпܻȥ
ҹδֿʼԼọֻ́š
һֹȥʮһ꣬ҹδԪתﵽĳɣڿռмֵʱѾԴﵽ죬еҲɲܹڿռжϡ
ֹȥ˼µʱ䣬ٴο˿ռϣֻѾôΪ֪Լδܹҵ㣬̶ϡ
һ㿿ƽĿжȻ¶˼ɣһɫԺǳѾЩɫıϡ

ֻзԲһģľ飬Ӧһϱ⻹һοɫǳĵطǴ˹ȥȻ˴ǹݺݵش˹ȥ
ꡭ
ǴϳƣҹδϲסԼΣٴһǹ˳ȥ
䡭
鿪ҹδһͷ˽ȥ
½
ɽ塣
һʮŮڿģһŮֻʮ꣬Ϊû츳ҲֻܹΪӵҰɽ壬ҲøźкһĻơû츳ˣһ÷ǳʱΪԭ
ŴֻǺֻܺɫƣͷݻƣСԵӪ
ʵײ㣬˵ļﶼÿԸܹһٱǺԣԸ˵ѡҲʲôԣΪ˶ˣûбȽϣû˺
ŲЩĵػصԼԺϵĲȻ뵽ľĶϣȻһľϣϢһ˼ˮ㿪ʼ׼
һ׺ͱСһĵܴܵľϣһߺˮһϢ۵ĶԸ˵
ܼ򵥣ļͥ˵Ǻܼ򵥣ֻźٵףһܹϡͽˡûжʳܹһϡ࣬һ̲ˣ˵Ѿάֻȥˡ
ϡζ˶ɵ䶯һºᡣ
׽һҰϴϴ飬һ˽ȥϡζֶһЩҰ˵㡣
ŴһڹӣԷճףһ߲ʱȥ׺͵ܵҲˡڵȳȥԵĸס
ǵŵģҲΡ
ǺΣյ飬ĸг£ͬʱҲθܹܹһ⡣
ͻȻ˻˾һϲ׺͵ܵѾ˳ȥŴҲһֻΪҪӽϡࡣ
ȥ˴ԼӣŴУ˽Ųף׺͵ܵϴŹˣ׵һ⡣

ֻжģ
ŴʱﶼǻܹɹһΣĴ˵ͬһ
ԣǿֶ飬ʱˣ
ⱻһС飬࣬ӽϡ׽ʣµƣȻɹԺԡ
ӼҼˣûݳ޵һٽꡣ
⣬һˡ
ҹδ롣
˴ĻЦƮɢ㣬ҹδҲüá
ӿռѷнܶһƬԭһ£Լһûɥʧⷽ綼ܹãҹδһӾ
ȻѡһߡûмŷУһߣһ߸֪ߵȻźϵ̶ȵ
ϲ˱ΪʱٷؿռУϣؾŹǡ
סΪ֮ٻصıϣصռ֮С


925 ɽ
ҹδ߽˴ӣûпˡҹδҲ⣬ŵˣʱӦüҼҶڳԷ
ҹδ߽˴ӣһŮһڳһӣװҹδ룬һ£Ȼͷ
ˡ
һ˳ҹδ룬ҹδĴб˽ź;ִ٣
˭
ҹδ뺬Цˣɷһˮȣ
ȻڳԷ˲һ𡣡
лл
߽˷䣬ҹδ벢ûļªƾɡһľϣһϡ࣬Ͷ
У֪ӽʯӽɽ塣Ҳǳǳ˽磬Ϊʯ֪Ĳࡣ
ϵҹδǾ档
ϵûҹδǸƷַֻ࣬һ֡ڷ
ʯԣͨʱ򣬱ŵһξѡһѣʶڱһʱܾѣҲδؾһֱܾѡлᡣʮ껹ܾѣ㲻ٻѣΪͨˡ
ͨ˲ѺãֻоѵˣܹΪˣܾѵˣײ㡣ǵԱѵˣĶߡ
ѵ˶ڷĳǳУҲûоѵڳǳУֻܹΪ˵ū͡
ھ֮
ʯ֪ʯĻֻоסڳǳоѵˣ֪
ҹδûвʵ̽ǳأʯھ뿿ɽ֮⣬һǳأɽǡҹδ뻹ǾϤһⷽ磬ȻپԼǷǡ
Ŵĵܵܽ극ܳȥССǼˡܿ죬ӵĴ峤ʯҡ
峤ҹδܹϾҹδļϸ壬ַǳãѾȷҹδĴӳǳġǵĹȻԳǳеľηΪǳ˶Ǿѵʿ̬ȸӵı΢ҹδ˵Ҫʱסһʱʱ򣬴ҪԼķóǱҹδܾˣҲΥҹδ룬ҹδѡһյķ䡣
õķмѾĴġ
ҹδѡһСԺӵķӣ峤˰ŴɨǾηɫҹδҲûоܾ
ҹδû¶Լдװ飬Ϊȷⷽûдණʰɾ֮󣬴峤ŴŴ뿪
峿ҹδ뿪ˡҪΧĻ̽һ顣ûȥɽǣȻľ˵һ˲飬ûȥ̽鿿ɽĻ
ܱ߾Ұޣżޣڴ˵԰ȫ
ƻʱҹδˡǿ֣һͷ¹֦֯һ磬¹ϣҹδŻص˴ӡ
ԶԶر㿴һССӰڴŴҹδ룬۾һǰ˼ηͣҹδߵǰͷ
ң
ţŴͷ
ҹδóʲôŴջǷˡΪָװĶʺϸŴԡҲУŴˣܲס
һԼĹǿԴڸŴⷽƺǷҲ֪ڸŴ塣Ǹǻ
ⲻΣȻⷽϵϵضάԼĵλҲûпϵΪˣһ֣ɱˣҲܶǷˡ
գҹδ뻹Ǿûи֮ⷽǰϵٴŴͷ
ȥ֪ͨ峤⡣
ŶŶ
Ŵ˷ܵŴ峤ķȥ֮ǰУҹδѾʯе֪ԶӵģȥԻҲǽָзݡֻԶӵ˻ֵöһЩ
ܿ죬峤СŹɫųԾ;ִ٣ǰ˫ֵ
ͣĿϽͷ¹ָǣ
ȥɣȻסҪǵĹ򣬶Ҷ˵Ҳֵ顣
ҹδ̬٣ӱ̬϶ҹδ𾴣кʼ⣬ҹδҲվһԿЦǺǵġȵ꣬ҹδŴԴ
ȥǼҳԷŴҹδⷽ磬ĵһˣҲԴӣҹδϲ
ţŴͷԼļȥ
ҹδԼֵһ⣬ʹһЩʳһЩˣŻصԼļң
һʯһұˣҹδŴȥ峤ΧԷ峤ҹδ뽫ף⣬ˣһӶˣ촽˶ջ˵
͡
壬ǽδɡ
峤ԥһ£յͷδ룬ԣ¶ٳʲô
ҹδɫһ㣬ӦǹԼšЦ壬õġٳȥһֻҰޡܹԸࡣֻеطȡʳ߲𣿡
ܡ峤ɫһϲҹδΪɱ˸ҰޣҲӦܹǷһЩ
ڰ֮⣬ÿ³һδ󼯣ڴϻȡһ㣬󼯻졣
죡Ҫûд󼯵ʱأ
ǾҪˡֳΪ֮ɫˣҪǣᱻ̰ġ
̰𣿡
ţʱ򶼸ˡûʲô̰ģͲǣɱˡ
ҹδһüͷⷽȼɭϰ
Ǿ͸ϼɡҶһЩҰޡʱëƤҲܹɣ
ܡ
Ȼұ㿪ʼһ߳Էһġӱʯ֪һЩԼʱ󣬴Ӻʯһ뿪
ҹδϥڴϣʼԼһʱҹδ۾΢΢üͷⷽһ֮ǰֻǸ֪һ¡ʽʼⷽԼǱվŲͬ
б
ʺҲ˵ҹδͻƷʥźܴĸǶںϵ磬ҪС˺ܶࡣ
Ҫⷽ罫Ϊϵأʮּѡǧʱ䣬δܹͻơ壬Ǿ͸ˡͻƷʥźܴĻᡣ
ǣԼͻƷʥڿռߣʲô

ҹδһҲЩûڣԼڿռ˷Լʹ֪ܹڿռмֶã
ǷܹУ
㲻ͻ˷ʥұ壬ֻܹϡ
ҹδ뾫񣬾ԼⷽԷΪһܷͻƷʥֻҲ֪ԼҪȥǳпⷽ磬ⷽĴУҲԼͻƷʥżٵá
ҲżԼеʱ䡣ͻ˺ϵ֮ҹδѾԪڲŶ
ǧͷˡ
һ磬ҹδ뿪˴ӣĴ̽顣ŴҰޣҰֶֻΪ
һռ䣬а̽ӣĺͿɽһʮࡣ
ƻʱϻͷţӶˡ
ˣҹδÿճȥƻʮֶżͷɽˮƽΪߡô⣬ҲԼųˣֻǼĹ򣬿ɽĴۼɫҲ׳һЩ
һգҹδûȥԣ˴峤ļ峤ҹδԼң顣ϣҹδԶס
δ룬£
壬Ѵ׳һ£Ȼϸȥԣϰҹԣ°ҹ·ֱȥ󼯡
ϣЩǣǲ̫Σˣ
ڣΣա
ԥһ£ջǾҹδ롣ΪҹδЩӵıֵ֣Ρ
ƻ衣
ҹδʮ˷ܵ׳뿪ˣЩ׳Ҳŵ
ʵϣҹδȥˣֻǲᡣҹδǣǶǳ˷ܡҹδһŴġССͣ߻ȴ÷ǳáװĶǴСʯͷ
ҹδԣʯͷˣֻҰޡһᱩ¶Ϊ
տʼЩ׳ŵȳҰ޵ʱҹδǰ¶һ֡ǵҰֵʱ򣬻ûеҰ޿ҹδһʯͷʹһʮ׳Լֻǲϵ磬ȻҰʬ塣
̫ˡ
ҹʱ֣ѾɱһٶֻҰޣҹδô˰ʱȻŴȥ
ʱ֣˴󼯡ʱѾΪЩ˿ҹδ֧ʱ򣬶ɵˡ
⼸ʮˣôɱôҰޣ
ϼĶͨˣҹδԭϣʿҲ̸̽һȴԼˣһ߲˵飬ҹδͲˡЩ׳壬ҹδȥһԼڴĴ
磬˶һ˴߲˵ƷϣŻص˿ɽ塣ɽͬһ㡣

ȹջҪҡ
ҹδȻЩʷַȥЩʣ㹻ӳԱµˡ
ҹδȴ˼ŴΧҲûʲô̽ˣҪ̽ⷽʵҪȥǳء
һ硣
ҹδ뿪˿ɽ壬·̣ҹδسɴ磬ܿ켱˿ɽǣԶԶزtɽǵĹģҹδ۹⣬Ҳһͳǳˡ


926 
ǳزûлǴſֵأҹδŻ˽Ųһ߻Уһ߹۲죬ֽţϲüˣһơûƵˣҪϸ顣
ҹδ룬һα뵽ǳڡûб˷֡ȻŻڳǳߣ۲ܡ
һߣһ߽ʶ̽˽ȥͲôһͳǳڣΪԼµģܹԼʶˡ
ҲʯˣбҲдװѰһҲ跻ȥҪһ裬һ裬һнԼһʱ뿪˲跻סһҿջһһƷʯ㽫ԼҪ飬Ŵס
ֻҲǴŵֲⷽûд˻ɡȶҲ١
ǿʯƺܿҹδһемˣҹδ빺һԺ䡣Ȼÿڲ跻һʮ죬Щ˵У˽ֲⷽ
ⷽ
ڣڣڡ
ڱģģġ
ֻⷽ磬Ҳǿġûʲô֣ڷȻ׽
ǣ˶ܹʣҲ˵˶ܹʮ֮ǰѡЩûоѵأ
Ȼֻܹײ㣬ɽǰ㡣վ˲ڴˣ˴ҹδǷƵԽڡһЩҲĵ·ǰڡ
ⷽ岢Ѻã԰ںڵʵҪ١
ȴԶڡ
Ͼܹѵ˺٣ܾѵ˲ŶࡣԣȻںͰΪˣοսҪ׽ںͰڡ
ܹģ
Ǹ˶볤ǿ󣬽ȴԽΧԽ࣬ͬƵġںͰȻڣ̫һֱȻڵӼʿҲΪ׷ɱȴûڴսˡ
Ȼⷽսڡֻⷽʵ;ŹԶֻһʥҲ൱ںϵǷҲûж١һѾΪϵǿʿˡ
ڵڵҹδûŪڵϵǴһš
ⷽķϵ˵Ļǲͬ
۱Ȼٹʼֻһ㣬ȻһģѾ㡣ǣⷽ粻ͬ
ûбҲģǾѳġġ
ⷽʿһѳɹͻǵʶڴֻĲǲһġ
츳͵ģֻһ㡣츳ߵģĿǰֻ߲㡣
ǲζһͲʥҲζ߲ͱضܹʥֻһʿҪʥͲܣȻпܣϣã߲ˣϣȻҪһ˸ߡҼ߲˲ʥҲͬһʿ
ǴӾһ𱰡
ھ֮󣬻˷
ҹδڻ֪Ҫ˽磬˽ϵ
ҹδ빺ԺӺܴ󣬶ҹδ뽫ȥԾмչʱļҡϾ֪ԼҪⷽá
ǸемȥԼѰңҹδǣǸм˾ȻԼһʿ
ʿǸŮޣӢǿɽҵһ֧
ɽûţȴ塣
ңң͵ҡ
Ӣ֧һŮӣԸǿ֮ȻֻǾһ֮ļᶨһټᶨҲֻһһ֧ԴʮϡѾʮȴҲֻһʦĻ䡣ͬʱҲΪԸ񱻼弥żѾȥѰһ·˱㱻ҹδĸǰ
ҹδ򵥵غ˵һ㿴˵ԸȻǿƷԸ߽ࡣһ˵ԼĹܼҵá
ӢҲһɴԸ񣬼ҹδƸԼ˼ܼ֮¡
С㣬ǲǻҪ򼸸ˣѾ֮ģ
ҹδȹ죬Ҳһ˹
ǣС㻹ʲôԸģ
Һġ
лС㡣Ӣ£ҹδ롣
ҹδ뿴˵һֱڷʦ磿
ӢֳȻ֮ɫǣ
ŵùңĹҿŲǾˡ
СҲǷʦӢɫһ
ţҹδͷ
ӢҲֻǾһ£ڿڲͻƣۼӣѹʮȥԼԪҲһٶ꣬ʣ¶ꣿ
οԼеĹҲǰ㣬ǼĹֻһĹһ㹦Ƿʦ磬ֻеһʦ͵ڶʦĹǸҹδ룬ԼҲӰ죬ҹδܹԼȴ֮ϲԥȡһհ򣬽ͽȥȻݸҹδ롣
ҹδһϲܹһⷽĹˡ
ӹʶ̽룬ֻ㹦ҹδܿͿꡣȻü˼
һ㹦ʵϺܼ򵥣ֻʶֻ֮ʶȴЧ
һΪͻƵڶ׼ڶ㹦ҪڷϿƷơҲ˵ͷһҪϷҪڷӡơȻӡƵĴвͬʵҲͲͬǣʲôУʶǿȲȻ޷ӡڷ֮ϣΪڶ׼Եʡ
ڶǴʶȥܹӡǿȡĳ潲ʵϾǷĳ
֮Ѱܹ֮صġԣԷǿҪġԽƷߵĴУڷǿҪԽߡҹδ뿴ķڶĹһϲµĹˮԡȻûпĹƾҹδľܣĹӦҪһˮ硣
˿ⷽķϵԼϵģҲź֮ܶͬ
÷Ϊӣ塣
ҹδϸϸ˼һʶԼķʽûʲôͬڶҲ֮塣ֻ÷Ϊӣ壬ԲԼǷ磬ԼǷרŵĴ巽ʽһϿⷽʿԪҪԶԼǷˡ
ҹδ̧ȥӢڴ񣬱ЦЦʲô⣿
ӢһжһҵʲʶٶȲҲûнʶʦԲҲûнӦеĳ̶ȡڶԴڼõԴǳ١СܼңСѾ٣ǡ
ҹδͷӢڵľ磬ȷʵҲûʲô⣬ʵʵͰ⣬ûʲôɽġЩҲҪ˼һǱ߼ҹδ벻˵ֵ
Ҳ٣СĺͱұѾܸˡֻ˵ٵ⡭
֪ҹδڰֹ֣סȴһִʶĹɡȻҲֻԴʶ硣
Ӣ۾һаСȻŸõĹֻǲ֪ʲô磿
ҹδȡһհѡһʶĹ˽ȥȻӢ
ý¸ˡ
ǣ±ض֪ˡ
ӢȻ㿪ʼĶҹδĶϣһ£ʲô⣬ڵҡ
ǣ
ӢʼԼʱӢ˫ۣĿ𾪺͸мȻܹٶ屶վΣҹδʩ
лС㣡
ҹδͷ£л㡣
Ӣؾ𾴵ҹδ롣
Ӣɽξѣ
С㣬ɽҪңҺ͵ҹͬҲΣÿʮֻһΡ
ڳڣҹͬһѷÿῪɽܱʮµ˶ԾѡҪշѵġμһξʽҪһƷʯ
ҹδһüͷкܶûʯǰѣ
ǣӢͷһβμӾʽǲշѵģӵڶβſʼշѡ
ҹδͷȷѡ
ȥǸѷ𣿡
⡭
Ҫ㣬˵ֻҪȥߵľѷкβͬ
Ӣ룬ЩΪѵҪȥԡ
ҹδͷȻȡһݸӢһǧƷʯȥ㡣
ã
ӢɫһϲһǧƷʯϾû⣬ҹδֻȥⲻ
Ȼʱ֣ӢҴҸϻϴϲɫС㣬ˡֻһٿƷʯʣµġ
ҹδڰ֣ʣµľͽˡ


927 
ӢҲЩ˽ҹδ룬λһʯ˵ʲôʲôл̴֮ҹδųȥ
Ӣһ֣ꡣ߽˾ѴҹδֻܹܹѴڵĶҹδͷŵ
վھ̨ǰҹδʶ˳ȥ˾̨
һԲ̨Բ̨ϿžѷԲ̨ϻŰ˸ףǰʯѷ
ҹδֻվһռȴѾʼ̨Լӵʱ䣬㸴ϡҹδǣӢҹ
ӢԶȥûˣӢľ磬ﲻٹȵľ磬ҪԷΪҹδҲҪԷҹδû˵ʲôȥæԼڷڣռ䡣
ռȻѷһǸģһĸġ
ҹδ˼š
ĻʲôЧ
޷Ǿ֣һܹѵĳ̶ȣҲԭֻܹõʹһģ㡣ڶֱӳ䡣Ҳ˵ԭʮ֮󣬱޾ѿܣ˸ķҲܹӳꡣ
ҹδ뿪ʼռġľѷڷԲľ磬ܿѧѷ󡣴ӴָȡһһƬȻƾѷⷽȻ󣬵ǺͳѴǸԲ̨ûȡǸԲ̨һȥһٸˣҹδƬҲֻܹվһˡ
ɾѷ֮ҹδ㻽ӢӢҪȥաչ˺ü
ǣ
ҹδֶ˼䣬뿪˼ңųȥ뿪˿ɽǣسɴ磬ܿ˿ɽ塣
ԶԶؾͿ׳Ѳӣֳŵաҹδ룬һ׳ϲҹδ뱼
δ룡
δ룡
ҹδĿһɨǷʲô
δ룬Щ㲻ڣǷ̽Ǵӡ˵ӦǰЩȥ󼯻˴ĶΧĴͷҪǴ١
ҹδһüͷ֮ᷢ٣
˱ЦһΪ˳Է
ҹδͷȲùܣڣҲ£ȥ֪ͨȥ롣
ã
Щ׳ҲȥʲôؾŴ뱼ȥһܣһߺ˶ȥ롣
ܿ죬еĴ񶼼ڴ룬ҹδߣδ룬ǣ
ҹδȡǸѷһţҪˣûܹѵġ
ǡѷ󣿡峤۾һһӶˣûоѵġ
ѷһ߼һЩ԰ɣֲѹ򡣡
ã
ǾʹĿʼҹδ밲ʯ
ģʲô˼峤ɫһ㡣
ǶУҲҿ϶ǿԡ
ΧĴˣǶҹδκеΣһŶȥĿʼֻʮ˹ȥˣûһܹѣʧӡڴʱͻȻⷢһ˴󾪣תͷȥٸӴӿɱ˽峤󾪺ȵ
ӭս
䡭
ֻڿռصҹδһȭԵһʯĥȻץһʯٶȼ˳ȥ
ۡ
ӵʱ䣬˼ٸˣﰧʯͷһȡɽЩ׳ǿҹδʯͷҰޣûоȡЩûпĴ񣬶𾪵Ŵ͡
ҹδĿһɨߵϡʱذУֻվţһĴ͡
߲ûгɱڸ׳֮ȻͿԼĴһ㣬һ㵹¡ʱҹδ߹Ȼһľ塣
ҹδߵǰǴ峤
ǣ
˹ɣסǵһΣڶɾͲǴˣһˡ
ǣǣ࡭л
ҹδǣЩҲֻǱһȣһ໥ı뿪ˡҹδصԭص

һʼѣһûоѣҹδҲüͷŴЩӵ˾ѷҹδֳڴ
ˡ
ͻȻһâͻȻ֣ŴԴҹδ۾һΧĴҲֳ֮ɫ
ҹδ뿴ŴΣ
Ŵһ£Ȼ󼤶һ
㣿
㣡
ҹδͷŴҲͺһ㡣ŴȻֹ˲ãһͯѳɹ֮Ҳûгɹ֮ˡ
ҹδ뿴ʯڿɽ幺һլԺǿԸҹȥ
Ը⣬Ը⣡ʯͷļ
ҹδǸ꺢ͯһҡһڣͯӥĸ׽͡
ǿԸߣ
Ը⣬Ը⣡һҲͷ
峤ɫȻδ룬Ҫ뿪ˣ
ţҹδͷһ뿪
峤˵ʲôȴûпڡҹδ벻Ƿǵģʲôҹδ룿
ҹδȻҲӣŵӣǿܷ¼ѵģһߡʿҲܹԼ֣ϾԼҪﶺʱ䳤̣Լ֪žѵӵļˣǽӢŴӥͯ᲻չ˴ӣǾ˵ˡ
գҹδ˽뿿ɽǣصԼļӢ
ŴӥߣһᴫƽʱпҲ̽ǡ
ǣ
ЩǵļˣԺ£㰲ǻơ
ǣ
ȥŰɣ֮ҷ䡣
Ӣȥȸǰŷ䣬ȻǸԸĻƣ֮ҹδķ䡣
С㣬źˣ
ҹδͷһ񣬰ռϢϢΧʿײ㡣
ãӢɴصͷ
Ӣʲô;ܹ򵽸ڹ鼮𣿡
֣
Ӣⷽ沢İΪԼ⣬ûٴⷽ飬Ӧû
һǽϵ̡ڶڶֵ¶췻УСΧʿĽᡣ
ǣ֣ͷзؼܹ󡣡
ҹδͷǱȻġ룬ֵ㶼ʲô
Ӣɫһ죺ַֻ
ҿ𣿡
Ӣ۾һҪָ
ͷã
˱ǰӢԼĴȡֽīͷʣʼҹδվһԹۿ֮ҪۿӢҪⷽķʽսǷԼյһ
Ӣŷ֮󣬱ڴؿҹδ롣ҹδеһⷽ棬ԼյĲûʲô𡣿ӢڴĿ⣬ָĹУĵطȻӹʣԸʾһӢһ飬ҹδмлҹδڰֵ
ҵĹܼңʵҲкôⲻʲôԺв׵ĵطҡ
Ӣ˱īȻӴȡؼϵ
С㣬Ҵ鼮Կ
ãҹδӹʯ
Ӣæҡͷҵָ㣬ʯܹġ
ҹδͷȿȥæɡ
룬ȡһݸӢһƷʯȥύʿҲϢ
ǣ
Ӣ࣬ԼλңһеˣƱҲ򵥡ʲô
ҪҴϢѵɽǸʲôżҪ
ôʲôøʲô͸ʲô
Ӣ뿪֮ҹδ㿪ʼؼؼеһǻУҹδȽѸٵطһ飬ϺԼѧûʲô𡣶ЩĵȼܵͣԼᡣ㽫ؼһ飬ǱС
Ȿֻܹڣҹδ֮ǰѾ֪˵һʦǴʶȻʶԷΪӣ塣ڶ㣬ҲǴʦ羳磬Ҫڷʶ̻ӢߵˮԵ·ӣҪˮԷȻΪûйҲͲ֪һھ磬Ӧôȴǿ˷ھǿƷͨ㹦ܣҹδѾȷⷽշǽɶ츣ء
Ҳۺ㹦ҹδ뺧Ȼ֣ⷽڷӡķģһǿɳɳԵġ
˵ûʲôֵġҹδķϵķҲǹġһֱУԷϵķҲǹСֻӡķԽԽ߼Ҳˡ
ǣɳɳԾͲͬˡ
ҹδӡķûʲôɳԣһӡȥ͹̶ˡҹδǷ磬ҲûпɳɳԵķС
ҹδְӢ˹ڿɳɳԵķģȻֱʡһҹδףӡķƽʱڷֽķϵֻӡڷϵķпɳɳԡ


928 ɽ֮

һǷУǸݷоĿɳɳԷ
ڶǷ
Ҳ˵пɳɳԵķУûзڷֽϣҲ߱ɳɳԡͬǣзûпɳɳԵķУڷӡҲɳ
ô߱ɳɳʲô
һԷĸһ򵥵ķرøӡҲ˵һʦķĸΪӣɳΪʦȻĸ򣬻ɳΪʦʦȵȡ
Ϳֲˡ
Ҫ֪ڵҹδ룬ѾǷԲķϵķҲǷεķźܶԼӷʦһֱڣڸͬʱڣӡĸβͬķ
һ£ҹδӡĶǿɳɳԷڷϵķǶѾɳΪ񼶱ķ
ڷĳɾͻж
ͷŷܻжǿ
ж죿
˵ͻƷʥˡ
ҹδһƬȣⷽĴбҪõԼϵķƣԼʱɿɳɳԵķֻҪԼо͸ⷽĴУܳϵ
ȻӡڷϣԼķΪһʱڣνԼֲֻ߷һ·ʱû˷ⷽܣԼΪҲһߣԱû⡣
ҹδ뿪ʼпʼоⷽĿɳɳԷо죬̾Ϣһ̫ˣԼҪĹΪоϡ
óȥˡ
ҹδ뿪˼ңʼڿɽڵɨ
ʵ̸ɨΪĿֻЩΪֻйвŻЩɳԵķƷؼУûгɳԵķ
ǣԿ֪ǹ󣬶ϡ١ͨеģҲУΪִֻ·Żۡ΢ģۡҲʽ
ԣҹδһ죬ɽǵ̹һ飬Ҳֻֻ㣬һ㡣
ڶ죬ҹδȥ䣬ι¶췻Сһһܹʦʦһ롣Ȿؼһб
βεģббģҹδӰ첻ֻ̫ҪųɳԷͿܳϾһֻʱ䳤̰ˡ
Ȼ࣬ܵٶҲܹ졣
ԣصӢȥ̽Ϣʲôʿᣬ֪ͨҪμӡ
Ϊɽǵĵͷߣеĵӣ֧Ҳˡʯ͸һЩ
ҹδԸӢ㽫ŴӥеǰʼڸһĹһĹȻⷽĹҹδԼǷĹܳģʶЧĹ
֮󣬱Լȥǣÿʮ죬ǵɹͬʱҲԼӡ
ӹּ¡
ˣҹδ뿪ʼŲ뵽ľռ䣬һĶռ俪ʼơ֪ռ䲻ܸƺ͸ͬڷĹҲأ
οǲֻܸҪܹеĳɳԷͿˡ
ȻռڹûʲôǶڳɳԵķ˸ҹδϲʼռоЩĳɳԷ
ѾǷˣҪǰѾͬˡ
ʱ޷ռĸҲèҪ֮ܳķڣܳ·ԭɡ
ˣռڳϢϢȻٽ뵽ռڼܡռĸԭǽ·ָԣҹδܵĽȺܿ졣
һա
ӢҴҶһСͽᣬѾΪҹδȡȻݸҹδһ
ҹδһϲֽӢһŵҩӢԼĽᣬڵڶ죬ǰȥμǳСͽᡣ
ĹģСһҾ¥İڡμӵҲˡұ˴Ҳʶҹδˡ
⽻᲻ҲǽĵáԣһʼǱ߳Աģ۵ЩӣҹδⷽоҲӳ˵ľҲߣǿҲֻһڡҹδ뵹û¶˿
һʱ֮󣬴ҿʼ
ҹδʼնûв룬Ϊû˽׹ʱ򣬽׻ߣһ͵ʿҹδ
ҹѣûȤģ
ҹδЦռֹֻҪ
ռ˶ҹδ롣
ţҹδȻصͷҪټ֮һµĹռֹʱڡ
־
˷׷׸ͣȴô롣

ʧķˣǺǡ
ҲûжĹԼĹ϶óףҹδ붼ʧȥȤҲûɢȥҽһЩš
ҹδҲһţЩϢ˵áֹȥһʱңⳡСͽŽ˷׷ɢȥ
ҹδûջ񣬵Ҳûʲôɥص˼ܹ֮¹ȥҹδ벻òͣΪѾﵽƿȱٸĹ֧ܡ
£Ҳμ˼νᣬǿֶ飬ɼ
ڿӢĻ㱨
Ӣдһ˿ǣԭǿɽ壬ңҺ͵ͻЩȻûдģɱСģɱ˺ü
ҹδҲӢİȫΣ𣿡
Ӣ΢΢ҡͷҵΣղ˵ûУǲǶ֪ںͼĹϵĹܼҡҵΪҲͣѾͼѹרҵжҲ˵
ҹδ룬ȡһƬȻ̻ܿһȻݸӢ
һš
Ӣ۾һӹҹδʩһ񣺡лС㡣
ҹδڰ֣˵˵ôͳͻˣ
Щ˵
˵
ţӢüͷϸ£ͻȻĵӣʼ½ɱƫƫĺۼտʼҲţ˵һ̸ԽԽ࣬ǼҲ¼ӵķŭ̬ˡڻǼǿаס򶼿ܱսˡ
ҹδ˼Ƭ̣ûпı
ӦÿǵˣҲǿаס嶼ڿɽ˽е顣ΪĹܼңҰһ£ձŲԱųɡ
ҹδ˼Ƭ̵ֿܡ
ֿܣӢ۾һ
һ˲ǸոɽǣڿɽǱ˺ܾáɽǵѾ˳ˣˡһ֣ڿɽڣֻɱ˵ʱ򣬻ǱˣǸ˵ΪӦò͡
ˡӢҡͷ̾Ϣ
ǰЩҲСġˣΪΣ
˵ΪӢ۾һС㣬ڿҪԲıԵˣа꣬ҾͿԳӡˡ
ţʲô׵ģҡ
ллС㡣
ȥŴӥ
ǣ
ܿ죬Ŵӥҹδǰҹδһ״˼ҳĺӣǳϧᣬҲǳŬټϲȱԴҹδĹƷָߣӵȻһ㣬ǽȴǿϲ
Ȼҹδ뻹мΪķҹδû׼ôȻȻΪͺáҲֻǰһͨʦɫڸˡ
Ŭ
ллʦ
ӽ쿪ʼʦڸǷĻ֪ʶȴӷֽīͷʵʼ
һӲ̤˷Ĵš
ڴӣɽڳֵİɱ¼ҹδ붼ûз̫˼Ĵ󲿷־Ƿ˶ڿɳɳԵķϡ
ռȴǸ˸Ҳȴָһ켣γϵҪҹδԼȥܡ
ɽڵľԽԽţȻﻹǰȴѰ֡ôùȥˣûҵǸ֣ʿɱЩʿһͬص㣬ʧˡ
ôʧģһʦʿӵеķʿ֮Ҳڲϵʱ䣬ԼһңŻȫɢӡ˷Ĵʦɢʱͻáһ˿ɵķǼͲɢˣΪһ
ԣǷʦķʿ˵ҲһһõһٶȻٱ
ڵ״ǸɱֲǰɱʿҪսɱʿ֮󣬶˷
˵ǸɱѾɱһٶʿˣҲ˵ɱֵһٶĲˣǸɱ˵һ˷ѡӦɱһʿһŽǸˣٽһȥ
ѵɱֲһˣһ֯ǰѶȥķѸٵشߣȥǳؿʼº


929 
һա

һҽҹȻһӰǽһʧҹɫ¡ǣӰҹӹ峤
Ǹɱɱ˶ϢģξȻñɱʿ˲ҽУҲֻһΣ峤οϷ᣿
ಡ
峤ͣ˿УǿǸӰ뵽һׯ԰Ƕʶׯ԰ˣׯ԰˽١Ӫŷֽ⣬ҲǿɽǵˣһС塣
ׯ԰ҵأʱҾġ
峤˰УĿأȴû̽ȥǽ໥
ǷſǸӰ𣿡
ֻǿǲȷ١
Щ԰Ҿĵġ
ЩԡȰҰΧ˵
䡭
峤ֱͷһڸ߿бըܿ죬˷ӿ֮һӰ۶һӾͻǧʿ峤£ذΧ
һУ峤вһô¶ξܲˡ
˽ʶ˳ȥʼ̽ء
峤üͷһ壬Ƿׯ԰Ȼŷ󣬸ʶ̽顣
Ǹҿ϶֮ǰûз󣬻˵֮ǰķûпȴǿˡɫܲÿһȻôׯ԰徹Ȼ֪ǰ׳Է
ҹδʱվԼݵݶϣӢվԱߣžǵסȥȻ벻Ƕҹδ˵ǰ
ǸʶĴȴӾҹδ˶ܹؿׯ԰ڵһСʱׯ԰ھģûһˡ֮󣬱һ˳ȴ峤١һƮ˼߽´ݼ֮ϣؿ峤кԼĲм
ģûо֮ɫ׼峤ڰн
͡׼Σһ˵ֵסǧʿ𣿡
һ֮ǰʿǼװΪܸأ
̫ܡǳǿɽǣǶİΪ粻ܳǡ
Ϊ侲ҹ᲻ˣ
ô壬һӽȥ̽һ¾ͺá
峤һ㿪ʼÿһʿ뵽ׯ԰֮ڡ
ٸʿ뵽ׯ԰ڣͬͷĲӬʼת
л󣡡
峤ɫһ䣬ǾͲɵӽˡ峤һۣȻһׯ԰֮ڡ
һׯ԰ֻݼݼ֮ϵ١
ৡ
˵ĹٵӰٵӰ˲䣬ֻ۶ɡ
þ
ݼ֮ϣɫʮѿܹۿѰ١
ݻþʵþȴʮأòٻþ֮ڵˣȴ
ҹδ뿴һڵУͻȻһеķֻһ㣬еķȴĲ㣬һһٶڰд¡
ԵӢĿһС㣬𣿡
ţҹδͷӦǣÿһһڵϣַֻһûпʲôأ÷󷨣
ûУӢɫ԰ף÷󷨣һһа󷨡
ҹδͷɫҲء÷󷨣ͬǷ磬׼ʿһȷʵһа󷨡
ҹδרעؿ֮ڷ״ʱ֮ǧʿҲһȻ֪ǺáǼȣǴȥ
ˡ
Զҹδ붼ܹ֪ǱߴĿռ𶯣ҹδ΢΢˫ۣ㿴峤ɫֳʹ֮ɫ·ڼʲô
Ȼ󡭡
ȿǣ֮ǰʿһǵͷֳҹδбһ
ǿнʿķʶڱƳҪʲô
ͬʱٳׯ԰ǰԺУķҲͷϣһĲȻ㿴ٵķһߣһ͸ȴŹâߺ֮ǰһڵϵķȻһٶһߣǱƳҹδܹؿٷ˳һڵϵķȻԽڵϵķΪתٵķۡ
ҹδüͷŪĿġ
Щ
ˣ󷨱Щߡһôжܹ
¶˷˰ɣ
ˡ
ʱ峤زסԼʶڵķ˳Ȼ㱻һ˿ʼ˳˿յķٵķ
峤ȫ٣ҲЩ˿ߣܹıֻĿƣҪԼ
ҹδһЩ񵱳Լ޼ǲ޵ʱ򣬴ڵ״ᡣ
ҹδû֣ûʲôϵοܹ죬Լ֪ǷܹӦˡ
һԵӢɫҹδ뼸Σ̲ס
С㡭
ҹδҡҡͷǳֱӵǸܹ죬Ұﲻæ
Ӣ̾ϢһҲֻЩǵŷķ
䡭
еǧʿҲ֪˭£ʼ󣬵Ƿȴû˿ƻļ
ҹδȴ̫⣬ʿķɵķᱻһЩΪµĵӸ飿
ʱţĳһڵϣҹδȻ۾Ĳš
ͷϵķԭһĲ㣬ھȻѾһ磬ڱ仯
Ȼܹķٴλ
ĿѲӣѾһЩʿķʧˣʿķʣһٶʧȥʿҲûֻԺֻܹΪͨķˡ
һʱȥʿķ㶼գֻʣ峤ķٵĵѾҪɡ
ˡ
ֹȥʱٵķڳĵ㣬峤ķѾơټһҹδɫһ
һӦġͬʱͷų׵ؽƲ˷峤նɱȻѸٵؽ峤ķ˽ȥȻֽһٶΪڵ㲼ķ
ʧ
䡭
ĵٺȥȴͬһ⣬նȥ
ಡ
ǧʿߵķ׷ȥӢ룬ҲȥҹδĿԶϢʧݼ֮ϡ
ҹзɳۣϴЦݺںѲʿΪѾЩʿ˦ԶԶġ
Ȼ䣬ɫһԼܶˣȻͿһֻֽץסоһ˹ȥſȥȻʧҹ֮Уҹδ뽫ս˷УȻٴʧ
ܿ죬͹ҵĲͲر⣬ʱһһƬ峤ˣеʵʿȥ׷ɱٻûлҹδ׵ɱֵزͲرʿͲرһɨգ֮ȥɨҺ͵ҵĲرͲϢطԼļҡʱӢûл
ҹδ뵽ڣֱӶʩչ鷢һС
һУԵɺϷһǸ
һķڳʥĹˡΪһ츣ءֻʮأ꣬Ȼûб˷֣ȴǱżȻ롣һ֣ٴϲ㿪ʼ
ȫҹδԤϵģǷ磬ǲܱġһʦһΪһ壬˵ƶܡȴû뵽ⷽȴ֮
ⲻҹδȤ
ⷽΪܹͣΪⷽоܹ֮
ǰߣôҹδİޡҲܹⷽصԼǷ磬ʧȥЧǺߣô֮þʹˡ
ҹδ֮ǰԼǷҲһǸûдʿʶ¶ûкʹΪһ壬ŸҹδĻᣬֻܹ֮ͨ
ǣ֮ͬǷʹΪһ壬ܹ
ȫͬˡ
ңҹδʱЩⷽķܹģԼǷķȫͬűϵĲ졣
ϾԼǷķģⷽķ͡ͱҹδڴõһٶҲûбȴûкΪһ塣ⷽ潲ⷽķƷӦòԼǷķƷ
ȲЩ˵
ٵ֮ҹδٵĶ֮󣬱㿪ʼ


930 ǿ
֮
ҹδǸб˽Ϊ֪
ⷽķĺԼǷķͬĹУȷⷽķʿ֮󣬴ǲΪһ壬γһռ䱦֮Ķ
ҹδ뿪ʼ̽еһڴŵٲһٶҲŸԴһЩЩУ÷Ĳ֮
ҹδԴ⣬ԴࡣЩÿһؿ֮Щʧ
Щڹڹĺ٣ҲƷܸߡҹδ뽫ȡһֿʼͱء
ԴţȻʼĶҲûжҹƷϵ͡Ҳʮ֣ټϴõ֣ܹʮ֡Ҳܹҹδһʱ䡣
ҹδһУŶӢվ档糾ͣӲŻģ
С㣡ӢϴȻͽǡ
ҹδ̾Ϣһڰ
û׷٣ǼĲرͲ󶼱һˡ
ҹδɫƽӰ𣿡
ӢɫһȻϸ˼˵ɫԻȻԳ
ҵӰ쵹΢΢ԭڼҲӣҸĸΪҲͣڼҲûʲôλεûг¡ֻұϾҲ֮ˡ峤˲پӢضʼ˥䣬һЩɽǵĶǿҪȡҵĵλԺһʱڣɽǻҲ˵ͻᲨңˣҲ֡ûҲûбȫǵļҲù˵ԭӾͲզҲǸС֮󣬲ŲȱԴ
ȻˣҲͲ赣ˡҲ赣ģҸǸԱҳ˸ĸб𣿡
ûˣӢҡͷ
ҹδȡƬ̻ݸӢ͸ĸĸҲԽ㸸ĸӵס
ӢɫϲмؽӹƣлС㣬͸ҸĸȥֻҸĸǷסҪȥҸĸ
ȥɣҹδڰ֣ȻתصԼķ䡣
ҹδԼķڣʼһĶЩȻռ俪ʼƣЩеĿɳɳԷʼںϣٸѵķ֮ҹδԭеķ͸ķʼܣѰҳɳɳԷС
ֻҹδ뻹ûĶӢҴҶء֪ĸĸϹһһϢ
С㣬֮ǰΪ֮лңصĸѲǿɽڵΧ֮ڣɽǳô飬峤ͬʱضڵע⣬ò˶ãھͻǲʿɽǡ
Ŷ
ҹδһڿⷽţ֪Լûлڣ
ܹڣŻⷽĴУҲŻԼںϽⷽ硣
ʿ壬ǻָµļΪɽǵ쵼ߣ
ʿô죬һ·;ңԶһ棬ʿҲ١߾ʤ϶һ¾Ϳˡ
ڻε֪ɽǳ£
Ϊÿ꿿ɽǶϽԴʱڻʿǰȡǸʱȻͻ֪ȻǸʿ
˵⻹Ҫܾõʱ䣿
ӢɫһͣȻͷǣ
ҹδĬȻƬ̣ӢͲҪˡĸĸмѣΣգҵǿԱӻٶĻҾͰﲻæˡ
лС㣬Ѿ¸мˡ
ˡֺⷽ𣿾֮ͬǰǰ㣿
Ӣֳ־֮ɫû˵ǵа
ҹδͷⷽ绹ûִУҲ֪ǸǴõĴУԼоġ
ռϢʱǰ
ǣӢӦһԥһֵС㣬ҪҪһ̣
ô㣿ҹδʵ
һҿҲûʲôӪСҷҲɽ֮ʱһ棬ΪɽڶЩ̿ʼۣҪ˺ܶࡣСľ磬һЩܹάָġ
ҹδҿûʱȥһҲǲԡҲԻһЩۣʱ͸ֳɡŴӥгɣҲһڣµӣԸ⾭Ӫ;ӪԸ⣬ȷš̵Ļ㿴ŹӶ
䣬ҹδȡһӸӢһʯȥӺ;Ӫ
ҹδŲЩëС£ʯǱ˵ˡ񵱳Ŷһ㡣ҲǶԼӽڣΪΪڵҪԡ
ӢȻҲ֪ҹδ˼ҲΪ˷ܡд⣬һҪɳһɼҹδ뿴ԼãԼܹõظҹδߣõԴָ㡣
ʱܶ࣬ÿҪҲʶֲ࣬һܹʱҲһʱҲܲסҹ飬ܹмˣͺķԼʱ䡣ԣ˳ҹδǣȻ뿪ˡ
ҹδó˹һ죬Ӣûҹδ롣æ÷𡣵һһӡҰĺܴҲܴ󣬲ǰӣ滹кܴԺӺͷӣһǰסĵطţԺ˥ˣҲܹĸӹס
⼸죬ɽػһЩ壬ʼңҺҡǵĿ󳡣̵ȵӪڼ䱬ɱȻ峤вٵľӢձ󣬻һʵġ˫˲ˣĿǰһֵ״̬
ǣҶܹ屻ȡֻʱ⡣ΪҼĲͲرⶼһա
Ȳ˵ǲرûˣԴͳ⡣ҩȵû˲䣬ò˶ãͻ·硣
һա
ҹδʱ䣬ָŴӥȴűȻײӢŻŵ˽׷ɱʿһӢϡֻӢһ֣סЩ
С㣬С㡭Ӣһ߻ŵܽһߺ
ҹδһʶڵķ
䡭
һ׷ɱӢļʿԵڵأ˽̿ӢȻס˽Ųͷһļʬ壬л𾪡ûСƱԼˡСô׵ؾɱԼ˵ǿʿ
С㡭
Ȼתףҹδ룬оǳ羴֮ɫ
ô£
ҹδʵŴӥҹδŵվһԡӢҲǵһμҹδη壬æ˵һ顣
С㣬ڰװӣҵĹܼҴżʿҪʮʯļ۸̡ȻǲϣȻǾҪɱңСҵƣѾˡ
˵𷽲ŵգӢɫһ԰ס
ҹδ΢΢һüͷеת⵹һעĻᡣڵǣԼûбҪڵע⡣
ȻУ
ڵע⣬μڣ
ҹδ̾⣬վεȥҡ
Ŷã
Ӣҹδ߳ҹţ˳Ŵ֣ȥ׷ɱö˶ҹδҵķȥһɵۣ˺档
ҹδɾغɱʿϢܿʹ˳ȥ壬иע⣬ʱɽǵĿⶼҹδϡ
Щ㲻ҹδȥʲô
ֹ
ƾһ˵
ҲǶţҲҹӢ̡
ҲõϢҼһڣʱڴڣһЦ
ҹδˣңҵҪҵǰ˵ʲô
ҵĴſڡ
ҹδס˽ŲʱشſڣŲٵˣһؿҹδ롣һʿҹδȵ
СŮӣɱҵӣ峤Ҫ㣬ھʹɱ㡣£
ʿĿԶػ۶ǶҪҹδδ顣
ҹδȴڴأͷоԼķӦܹأȻ㽫ʶע뵽֮С
ֻһϢʱ䣬Ͽձܲͬһ㣬ظǡ峤оľɴӴ̧߳ͷ˿С
䡭
ԭΪֶȻҫ˫ǲһһ׳ش׹ֻ˲䣬رһƬ׺ķݵľȼգһʿܼصأ˽̿ҽĺлص


931 
䡭
ҹδ벻ϵش㲻ϵأһƬǺɽطһƬžÿעʿһĴ͡Ǻʶ
Ϊ֮
Ҫɱ㣡
һӰҹδ˹
ҹδһе۳һ֧ì峤ϣһ׼峤ͱˡ
һĻɽǵʿһ⡣
̫ǿˣ
ӡ
ͣɢٴ֮ϡɽһƬžȫǵĿⶼڴˡÿ˵Ķڲ
̫ˣ
ԭֺѾΪһƬ潹ɢŽζ
ҹδٲȥˣȻҵĲͱءȻͲرѾˣҲûɰŴû𻵡ҹδ뽫Ͳرһɨ֮󣬱ӢصԼļ
Ķǲ鿴˲رڵĶûʲôֵԼȤģ㽫ʯȻĶӢ
ӢЩͷɡ
ǣ
Ӣ˫һЩ̲ûԴˡЩ˴ʯȻչԴת

ӢҴҶȥȻִҴҶأֳΪ֮ɫ
С㡭
ҹδ뵭㣿
ţС㡣

ǣ
Ӣɫһɣתߡ
ǣұҡ
ӢŲһ٣ٴӦһǣ˴š
ѡٳ峤վ⣬ӢתûжŭҲûӢ̾ϢһѾףҹδûвֿɽκ˼ֻҪǵҹδôǡ
Ӣú÷ҹǰܵĻڼʱ򣬾ܵչһˡ
Ӣͷס
뿪ˣ˰ݼҹ飬ɽעЩ壬رҺ͵Ҳ˰ݷҹδ˼ϾںܲùҲѰһɽǵǿҶûнţҲ˼Ҳҹδ˼
ɽеļ壬ܴСھӣҪҹҲҪӢʵϣҪڷ˲ȥӢҹǣҪȥչҹ̡
ĶΪʲôҹ̵Ķ
Ӣڿ洺磬ԼС㾹ȻΪͰҸˡڿɽԺ˭Լ
˶ƣԴŻƣʼϰڷŻæòֺ
ʱҹеҹδ룬ȴѰ˼š
ӢΪЩܲÿγ£ҪԼְɣ
̫鷳
Ȼ˵ڵĿɽӦû˸Ӣһɽǣڲ֪£Ӣأ
ҪһӢΪ
ǣôأ
ҹδ룬ȡһȻսռڣ鴫һȻ鿪ʼֽ
Ȼܹ
ҹδбһϲһ֮Ǹһռһָ״Ķҹδ뽫ȡ鿴ϲɫŨ
һܹʶżıȻҹδ缸ûʲôЧҹδս̫״ȴܹػָҹδʶֻһ㣬һ
ǶҹδΪ磬Ϊ͵ˣӢǼֱ͵ǵΪһǧͻͽ
һȻֻһ㣬Ҳռƿҹδַռһ
ΪҹδõһٶҲܴ̫ãǻֽɢܹռҹδȻҪ콫
ҹδ뽫ӢŴӥ˹ÿ˸һƿǽ;ȻԿÿֻðָ׵
ָֻ׵Ӣڴﵽ˷ʦԲ硣ӥŴҲﵽܹƷĳ̶ȡ
ҹδ붣ӢȲҪͻƣʵ硣ʱԼСӢһ뵽ҹδҵܣ˶
СҪԼǿĴС
ҹδ뿪ʼƷ֮ȻԼȥϰʼҵõĹֻ֣Ķһ֮󣬱㽻ռȻӸļֹѡˮԵĹ׼ڸӢ
ռĹ϶ҪҵĹ뿪Ҳ϶û⡣̶ֳܹȣҹδ벢ҹδ϶ЩɳɳԵķûго֮ǰǲ޸Լķġ
ӢѾ㹻ˡ
߽ڸӢۿӢʼӡƣһߣɽڱ˴ģɱ
δģɱңҺ͵ȳ
ףǵĶϵϲΪûԴ䣬رⶼһˣ˵ҩˣƽʱĸʯûСȥʱϵԽãԽǲ
Ψһһ·⻹ҹδ뵱ңȻҵĲرǵֻҪļ壬ǵĲر⣬Ǿ˺ͱļʱԣܻ֮ͻȻͱ˶ԱļĽ
ĺܺãֻһ壬һ壬סȴûϵļҲɵҶֲһӵʱ䣬ԮˡսĹģ˲ˡ
ɽһƬɱ
ɱһ죬˫໥ȥ˶ʮֲأ˭Ҳû˭ȴҲû˶ʱڱս
һսЮ˿ɽеĶ壬һЩС塣Ǿһɱ֮󣬲øЩҲأС峹׾ͱ˲һЩһֱС壬һս֮Եǿࡣ
ЩЩС忪ʼ˾裬ûпԣտɽǵ쵼ȨЩСãν̵ְԣǾ͸սˡÿɽӭƽһʱ䡣
ҹδû῿ɽǵ飬ҿɽһɱҲû˸ҿҹ۲һӢӡȷû⣬Ӣ뿪Լܹ
ˡ
һºˣԴġȻһëղԭңҺ͵ҸЩ飬ӿɽеĴСŰԴȻϽڡﻹԴ
ԭɣڵҲ޷֣ȡһ̣ȡϵǸʿڿɽǵš
ʿһڣ󣬱ʱסҡڼҲϸ˽ȥȻҲ齲ж˷ĹаĹҾ˵ǸаʿˣʮǡȻҹδ¼ɶҹδȤ
һա
ҹδڸһŴĸ߽
С㣬һԳʿʿҪС㡣
ҹδɡ
ҹδڽĵ֣֮ԹϵظңҪʿԼûмڵĻᡣ
ҹδ˿⣬վ̨ϡһʯŽ˹ҹδûԵӭԼлǷǳ˵ġɽǻܹʲôΪʿɣ
ԼڣȻԼô
ڵĽҲڵĵҹδָֻңҶԼ
ԣţҹδ뻺̨ףԥؽԼʶѹҹδѹ˹ȥҲҹδˤ̨Ϲҹδһѵ
ǡ
Ȼͣס˽Ųҹδ·ûиܵѹһ㣬̨ϻ£ȻǳȻضֵ
ѡ
Ŷҹѣ
ʱĽ󲻸ô󣬵ȴҲûеµĳ̶ȣҹδΪԼһΣ
ԼʿԷû˵ӦòʿǾһɢޣԼʲôµģ
뵽ֱջ̲סʵʲôΪ
ҹδҲûԼΪĸ磬ʵӮöԷغͼɵѷʽǱͷųԼʶѹֻ˲䣬ͺ䤱ҹδҲһżաȻֻһڣڻǼģЩͰ͵
Ƿ񣿡
ҹδ⻹ѹԼΪֻͷųģѹѾôڵĽо־塣Ϊ֪һҪɱǷǳ׵顣
ǣ
ʱŴϲ裬Ȼ˳ȥҹδ豭룡
˸Ժһڲ裬ͻȻһǰȻΪĸȥаʿǰûг֣
ûУҹδҡͷֻҪûǵңó֡
룬ǡ
ɽǷô飬ҲûмҹδȥһʿͲȤ
ʿ뵽ڣһ񰡡


932 
ûڣðںڸˡǿǸһˡǣҲ֪ԼݲҲûᣬֻǹغҹδ̸ӣǡ
ºʿʿǷΪȥ֮󣬱㽫ҹδȥ̵ǰɽǵˣǰûҹδĻᡣ
Σҹδӭ˴⡣
ĸ˻ص˿㸺ܡ
ҹѣλڳϣϡλΰϡλϣλҹδѡ
˫ʩŴӥ衣ſڵʦֶԵǷ񣿡
ҹδ뵭ͷȻͷųʶѹһżաΰλ̱ȷҹδΪ˵ɫ֣ࡣΰڵ
ҹѵĶΪһֱû˵ҹѣ˵ҹѵΪӦ롣
ҹδڰֵһʿڿɽǣǵңɽҲ֪ҡ
ΰͷ֮ǰҲ˽ҹδ룬Ҳ֪ҹδ˵ʵ˵͵ĺܡܹҹδĻ˼ǲ˵Լ顣ƺҲûмڵͷ
ǣһ̫ⷽҪˣںͰڣǾԻΪڵһˡô˵ҲҪҹδڡҹδ⣬ڵƤ£ҲܹܵļӣǹϿҵ
ҹѣûмڵͷУھ£һӭ
ҹδ΢΢һüͷҲϲŵҲֻ֪ǶȤ
ҹˡЦΪֻʲôƽʱҪҲȻҪǳ֣Ҳ֡룬ǵΪ磬Ҫǳֵ飬ҲȻһʿҲҪĹоĹУ
ҹδ۾һ˼һ£ϵصͷã
ΰӴЦҹδ빰ΪӭҹѼڡ
һһܼҺӣԼǵļˡ
Ƕڣʱͺסһ𡣷ǷסĶܴ󡣡
ҹδͷҪһ£Ҳ
ԣ
ĸ˱㿪ʼ۵ʵ۵ֻ˻ƻʱ֣˸ȥǻҪȥɽǵ顣ҹδǽӢӣԼӵļ˶е˿Լ˵һ顣ڵ۾ˡⷽ磬˲ڵ
ԣֻƬ̹򣬾͵õ˴ҵһͬȻˣҹδҲûʲô˵ġӢ
Ӣլӣ̾͸Ǹĸɡ
ӢȴҡͷС㣬ҸĸסСչլӣҲС㾭ӪǸ̡ÿȡһ󡣡
ҹδν㿴Űɡ
ҶȥҹδҲʮָˡھȱٴУֻҪ㹻ĴУռ䣬ܳĿɳɳԷֻʱ⡣
ڶ졣
ΰǸɾش˿ɽǵ飬Ӷѡ壬ټңֿͬɽǡ
Һ͵ұ̭ˣʵңҺ͵֮Ա̭ڵʵˡΪʧȥ˴УرͲ󶼱ˡûЩ϶һһȻҲңҺǿ˼ŴУԴòһܹԽңҺҡ
ǣΪӢԵʣȻҹδû˵ʲôǺԣǵҹδ룬㽫ɳΪɽǵĹߡҾܲܵǾͲΰǵˡøѾˣܲܵҵ飬δˣҲ
֮󣬵磬Ҹոѡٳ峤ʹӢĸĸݼҹδˡ֪ܷȥҹδ롣
Ӣûи峤Ϊѵȥҹδ룬˵һ顣ҹδ룬ѡ˼׸ҴиĹӢ
Щ͸ļɣҾͲˡ㸸ĸ԰⼸죬ǾӦ뿪ˡ
ллС㣡
Ӣʮָмȱʲô
У
˴Уδ
ԴȻرⱻˣһ޴ʧҵĿ󳡣ҩ԰ȵȹ̶ʲڣЩ̶ʲԴͻҾͲ˥䡣
ҹδǷ񣬶ҼڵϢѾ˳ȥֻֻԼҹδĹܼңһȥڣҾһ»ָʱ䡣
Ӣżȥˣûмҹδ룬峤ܾɥ˵ҹδ뽫լӺ̶Ӣĸĸ˲ϿЩüеĵӣӢĸĸңӢĸĸ̣ӢĸĸһҪľ̰һ˿һ
æЩصԼļ壬ſʼ鿴һȻʹˡ
⼸ǳʺǵļ壬·Ǽ֮ǰĹ֮ȴ־ȻͬΪƷˡӦ˵Ǽ幦棬ʿ⼸ֹ岻˥䣬һ֮һΪɽʵǿļ塣
̫ˣ
ڶ죬ִҴȥӢӢ˵һ飬Ҳ֪ҹδһ񲻻ԼӢתҹδ룬ӴԺҾҹδ˵ĸ壬зԸҵ飬ǡ
ӢҲܸˣ̬ȣҲӢҹδǰһЩǸоǷҹδ̫ࡣ
պ
һ뿪˿ɽǣΰȡһƵķۣ˵Ϸۣڵķȥ
ھﲻԶϾɽڵĹϽΧ̫Զ
պ
ȥһ޳ǡ
Цҹѣ·ǡǰڡ
ҹδĿȥһƺ䣬ɽƺɺ׷裬̨ͤ¥л׺ڼ䡣
ɼȾԡ
ӢӥŴ˶ͣһľ̾ͼ
ӽԼҪˡ
Ӱ
ۿʼ·ȥɽ֮⡣˷ۣ߽ɽš
ݼϡֵڵʿ׷ʩ
̤ɽţٴεϷۣ츮ȥ츮Ĺ㳡ϣۣҹδŴӥĸĸڴȺ򣬱ϾǲʿӢӥŴŹΰ߽˴
λǰһжʮ˳ҹδ룬ӢŴӥ¼ϣĸ˶ܹӵڵĸֻΪΪͬͬ
ѡҹδڶҪ󲻸ߣûʲôҪⲻ⣬Լһ󣬾ͽһУҪһƧ֮ԼҪ˷䶴ִ£ٹΰĲı£ѡһɽ塣
ɽΪЩƫƧŨһ㣬Բûʿ￪ٶҹδ˱ٶȵϷۣǰɽ塣
Ӣ͵ɽ壬Ӣȿƣͼֽҹδǰȥڵ
Ͼһ˵ҲǶһ㡣һ
ûȥֱĶԸģԴʾҹδС
ڶ⣬һѾվڶǰЦҹδʱѾ֪Ƿڣ󡣱ʩ
ҹδ
ãããȻתʵҹʦõһжѾź𣿡
źˡæص
ҹδ뺬Цߣǽ̸һеò衣
һ߸ߣһЦǰǵ赱һáҹʦõĹˡ
ҹδ뺬ЦǲԼװһĿʿ
Ҳǲѵİ취Ϊⷽ绹ܲϤһ©ڣǾ鷳ˡ
˽붴Χݲ裬ȻֱҹδһڣɱĿҲһ˿ϲֲ边ȻԵЧ
ԼһӺЧʧҹδ뽫вһٴα۾ʼܿɳɳԷǺһԵЧȻһʱҹδۣ޵
ò裡
òٺһָҹδ衣
л
ҹδҲûп豭һȻ۾һʱҹδ۾
裿
ˣڻԵɺϵõһЩվ쳤ȹˡ
ΰЦҹʦãͱˡ迴ÿɽˡ
ɫû˿仯ҹδҲݸ¡һڵ
ҹʦãܵĸз϶һˣֻһ㲻ͬڸ˵ᡣ
˵
Ķ㲻ȥµĶԿֻͬ
ҹδ΢΢һüͷΪΣ
Ҿֱ˵ɡҲûڣ߲㣬һ㵽㣬źĹֻƷ߲ͬĹ˵ŵڹܹ߲ʿضŵĺģνΪ޹أʿŵйء
ҹʦøոսţҪ۲һʱ䣬ŶŵùҹʦҲܹͬɣ


933 չ
ҹδˡ
ҪĹУֻҪкĹͿԣͿܳɳɳԷСһУԼܹԼǷķĿɳɳԷˣռ䡣
ڵ߲ĹУܿȻãܿҲνϡ
Ǳͷ⣡û⡣
ͺãҲһڶҹδܸӣӭȻǻӭϾһ񣬵Ҳŵġ
һʱҹδ뿪£Ҫ͹ϸ㱨ɽ飬ҹδ飬ҲûӴҹδ룬ΰͬ
ʦ֡ɽûж뽨һ̨ͤ¥л֪Ƿⷽϰæ˲ţ
УֻҪ㸶ʯͿˡҴȥ
ΰĴ£ΰйһʿ
λҹϡ
ҹϡǸʿҹδʩ
ҹδͷҪҵɽ彨һͼֽһҪ߳
û⡣ҹʲôʱҪʲôʱɵȥ
Ҫ졣
ǻѡоĵӣȻеӣһѵʯͶˡ
ʯ⡣
ҹʲôʱͼֽ
ɡ
ҹϸ֪ɽںδյǰݷá
ҹδȡһհ򣬽ɽĵͼͽȥݸǸӣȻΰ߳ţֺΰǣԼɽȥ
ԼɽǰĿһɨ
˹
ҹδ벢ָ罣նХһϿ֣
δ塣
˶Ӣ˶߷ҹδ䣬ǵǰ
ò̽ˣ
ţӢͷȻݹһ
ҹδӹʶ̽룬żĵͼҹδ濴˿Ȼȡһհ򣬿ʼƸ̨ͤ¥л滮ҩ԰ȵȣҪӵĸĸһɣšȻڹעԪͷųĻһδͳ˵ǰ滹̨ͤ¥лҩ԰ȵȣҹδһָţһ߸ҽܣĸطǸ˭סĵȵȣȻ
ǾôĵطԸĸġ
⣡
ʦ

⻹ʲôģÿ϶˷ܵϲɫǼ˾סôһɽ壬ôķӡ
Ǿô˰ɣ⼸Ҵոһ¡ҹδ룬Ӵָȡ˼ȥ
ա
Ǹʿˡҹδ뽫ݸǸĿһ飬Ȼ󱨳һʯ֣ҹδûлۣʹظʯʿظ֤ʱ䣬ضһɡ
Ȼ˼ٸӣַ˷Ĳʱ䣬
ҹδָӢӵĶ˾˱ڰ
ҹδδ죬ֱָӢӣȻȥڵĲ˾˲ڡ
ӵһ㿪ʼҲż֪ҪⷽãķԳϵ˵һ䡣
˵ʵѾܾûˣȴΨһķһпȥԼķڷȫˡ
ÿɳԷĴУռ临ƣںϡ
ûȥռ䣬ھĶУȻƾԼȥȥܡ
ҹδַ񾳽ʿڲܲע
ΪҹδǿҹδΪһأ˵һʱᱬ
ԣҹδϢԴԴϵػܵߡһ¹ȥҹδһֱڲУùŰ˳ҹδһߡҹδ·κ鶼ȤֻȤ
ùҹδ΢ģҹδļɴڡּӻһֱУȻʱţؼֱҹδ롣
̵ļӲܣֻҹδĴжϾҹδһ֪ԼӣǱǺҹδ
ͱڣҹδ֪Լ϶ӣҲֲˡΪҹδļֻһǾǲſڵĸˣ֪ҹδڲͿˡҹδ뿪ϷӦһ¾Ϳˡ
ҹδĶ֪ȥ
ǣҹδҲⱻӣԼҲûڵ뷨ڵľ˲ڡ
ò˵ⷽͳĵ񣬸ֹǳࡣҹδһ¶ʱ䣬Űѵһ㿴ꡣֻѡӵпɳɳԷĴУĴвڵ
Ȼ̤˵ڶ㣬ԣڶĴҪȵһһЩҹδ֪ԽϵĹƷԽߣҲԻ١
ǣڶĹķʱ࣬ΪΪ
ˣҹδڲ󻨷˽һʱ䣬ŽһĹֱ꣬ӻصδչˡ
ûнռ䣬ȫͨԼȥһĶĹҪĲǴѰҵɳɳԷĹ켣;С
һҵˣٴ練ơ
ҴһȥڶҹδļѾʽжоûʲôüӵˣһӡ
ʱڵҹδȴ̾Ϣһ
ȫԼܣûиǧ꣬ǧ꣬򵽿ɳɳԷСԼûǸʱ䣬ҲûջڿɳɳԷΪˣҲˡ
˶⣬ӢԼӽ˹ʼָǣȻָǲٵԴֻǵȫһʿԣŵĵӶҪ񣬾Ϊ˻ȡԴ
ǣҹδ̫ɢԴҪȥ
ӢҲ˻ᣬδҹδ㱨һʵҲûʲô飬ֻҩ԰ȵΣҹδҲȻҲӢŽύһѣҹδ뻹һȥоԼһδڣֹӢþãٴλȥչء
αչأҹδ뵽ռ䡣
ʱռڣǵ㣬ÿһǶһУÿһеԱߣŸĴУǿɳɳԷС
ҹδ뿪ʼһȥȿԭиƵĴУٿ󴫳еĸ̣һ𽥽ӽʵ
Ǵ̫ˡ
ⲻռڣʵУһĹ̿꣬Ҳǰܹģοÿһģҹδ뻹ҪġġܣʱͶȥˡ
ռڵʱǾֹģҹδֻռֱԼĵԪһգٳָĵʱ䣬ҲָԪʱ䡣
һȥڷ֮еҹδ룬ֻʮʱ䣬ںָӢ֮иͻȻ֣ԼڵԪˣﵽĳɡ
⡭
ܿ췴Ӧ˹ⷽںϵǷǳѣǲתԪÿζڵĵԪһգȻָȴԪתżİһҹδиϲáڵԪ࣬ԼʱҲž޴İԼܹԪת㣬ԼûͻƷʥڿռУӦҲܹࡣ
ǻʲô
£
һ۲ԶӢӣҹδҲϲͷӢȻʲһɾǿѾǴʦԼҲҪﵽʦԲˡҲ˵δ̫ߡ
ҹδ뽫һٶռ˸״ռڡûа취Ϊʱ䳤ˣͻԶɢ÷ɢǾʶšͬҹδʶеǸԷ
һ˵ʶôǲʵģҪĵԪġԣҹδ볢һ£ʮʶµĶˡ
ʮġ
ŽԿɳɳԷġ
ռڵʱ侲ֹҹδҲҪָϢԵҹδ뽫ÿһķ̶֮Ѿȥʮꡣ
ҹδչˡıչأαչزռ䣬ϥڶڣʮãʼܣںϡ
ʮʱ䣬ÿҹδ붼ʮʱ䣬ӢԼӴںָ㡣
ӢΪѾͻƵڣҹδ뿴ĶҲǴˡδ
Լӣ츳ȻӢһЩҲǷˡ
ˣҲܹⷽĲˡ뵱ڿɽǣΪߵҲǴڡ
ԣҹδҲͲôġÿҲһµʱ䣬ȥݷڵʿμһЩᣬЩ۵Լĵ̡
Ҳǻݵ̣ҹδžԼչأܳɳɳԷˡԣαչǰһµʱ䣬ںָӢӣһĵáˣԼչأ֪ʱܹءûзǳҪ飬ҪԼ
Щ׼֮ҹδſʼıչء
һչأʮꡣ


934 ѷ
ڡ
ҹδ۾Ծ˷ܵĻ𻨡
оԼѾ˿ɳɳԷУȴ޷ȷ
ⲻҪ
Լʮ
Ϊʵõ
ҹδռ䣬ͬʱһķռ佫ϵķƶϴȥΪһȻҹδ뿪ʼִŹռڳʶӡԼѾƺõķ
һ׽Է
ӡһףִһռ䣬ϴȥӡٴʼӡľԿɳɳԷһȺӡ˽ľˮⰵ׾ʶ
ҹδˣ֪һḶ́Ҫʱʱ̵̿ضţÿһʱ俴һͿԡ
ӢӽеǰһǵΪӢΪﵽʦ۷壬ӵΪҲﵽ˴ʦ۷壬ҹδ㿪ʼˣҲû뿪δ塣
ڻѾҹδ벻ټˡ
ûʲôüӵģ˼ҹδ붼δ壬ӸƨԣȻһҹδɽ壬һλϸҹδ룬ȴͬ衣
տʼһԶԶسһۣȻһ³һۣȻһһۣڡûһˡ
ҹδ뼴ǳˣҲû뿪δ壬һֱڴӢӣͬʱÿ춼ʶ۲һʱ
ȥӢͻ˴ڣȺͻ˷ڡҹδִһ£ֲˡ
ӢⱲӾˣջͣڴԲҲҪܾõܹﵽԲǸʱٴҲü
꣬ҹδھĳɳУǹ۲쵽һЩס
Ҫ˵ۣʵʵҹδֽϴȻٴӡɳɳԷ۲졣
УʮУҹδѾоԼͨʥĴƿһϸϸķ϶
ҹδ뿪δˣٴ˲ҲмģҪʲôܹԼ۾һĵ

󣬲УǵС
ȻǵȻҪͿġ߲ϲȥֱ˵㣬ҹδǵǲģҲżһһÿ컹ʶ۲
ˣеڲ˽£һ۾һ
˫
һ
ҹδԴںǳ֮ѾԼĵ·ǳΪһµĹȡΪ
˫Ĺ壬Ұ
ҹδ뿴һ飬û˿򣬷ǰԼȵùǺ
Ϲİɣ
룬ܹôҲڣܰһϹĹڲ󣬶һǵ㡣
˫ļ˵ǣһɣٳһҹδ롣ϱҲҹδ롣
ԭûʲôϡģҹδ뵱İԲְܹ˸ҹδ롣Ȼ߸ҹδ룬ʵҪͱһȼ˫ҹδʵһģһҲûʲôϡġ
ҹδоȵǣ
͵Ƿɣǿġ
Ҳ˵ΪΪ
һǷؿռ䣬˵أǾǺͿռΪһ壬˵Ϊһ塣˱ܹ֪˿Ҳ֪Ҳֻڷʱ򣬲ܹ֪Ĳ
ͻȻԾ̫ǿˡ
ʿڼУͻȻһͻȻо˹оʱü

ҹδȤ¥ȥʴſǸͷ
ʦ֣𣿡
Ǹͷһۣüëһ£Ҫ
ţоӡ
ǺǸͷĿл䡣
ô˵ģ
Ȼġͷһۡ
𣿡
У
˭ҿȥ𣿡
Ѿ˼ǧˡ
ҹδɫһ㣺Ŀǰŵģûɣ
ûУڶûˣ˫̫ˡȰҲˣϹ󹤷򡣡
ҹδջǴˣеʱ䣬˫ԼҲŰ
˫ĺѣҹδһֱû·˹ȥһꡣˡ
Ҳһֱˣ˵ˣ۲һǷģй۲죬ѵʱ
ܹʮˣʮ
һɼǿˣò˵ڵǿȻֻһʥҹδ뻹ûмǸʥʲôӣǷʥһ£εʿ治١
ÿһ֧СӣÿСʮҹδһСӵĶӳ
ҹδʶ˲࣬ô˵ҲμӹνᣬμӵĽضǷȦӣڣҲ̫ࡣԣУҹδ룬ʣµĸʶ
ڷϣһֱطɡҹδӵ˵Ҫȥͨ˽ѷ졣ⲻҹδһȻ룬Լⷽ󣬻ûм塣
ȥһ񣺡û壿
ǸֱȴҲ֡϶ҹδһʿʿкܶ鲻֪飬͵
ⷽûģ壬Ҳޡһռ䣬ȴɵʿǳ֮Ϊ硣ǰ飬ż˿ռѷ죬ռ໥ӴײĿռѷ졣Ǹʱ򣬱ʿ֡ҹʦòõģЩѷδؾΣա
һֱ˽綼ײģֻҪûӣǲֵġȥֵʮʱ䣬ֻҲʮʱڣ֡
ҹδʦֵ˼ǣ˽ǱߵĿǰǲӴģ֮ſռֻܿռӰƶ֪ʲôʱ򣬾ͻᷢӴǸʱ򣬱ֵʱ򣿡
ԣ
Խ˽磬Ҳ簡Ǿûȥ
ȥǶûлֱ̾ϢһͬҲ˽磬ȴûһٻ߷ȥһ
ҹδһۣѵҹʦãǧҪ硣
ףҹδĬһֵ֮ǰֵѷ첻ɣ
ţô֪
֮ǰִģѷ죬ֵͻǳࡣҲֻʮˡǣһִģѷ죬ģ֣ô죿
ǾҪټˡûз顣ײķȺС
Ըɡ
ģľ飬ġ
ƻҪõ
졣
ˣںͰھͲҲ塣
ڻΪʵҪһЩҲʮˣֳʮСӡӳǵԪΪԱǻΪ
ûлԪ
У١
ǰأΪʲô
ˣֱЩȻЦѷڿУڵ˲ʲô̶ȣɡ
Ŷ
һֱ뿪ҹδվڼװϣŴҴҰƣ˼
û뵽߻пռѷ죬ǲԼֱӴӿռѷ뿪뵽ռ֮У
˾ͲҪѰһռ䱡Ȼ俪һѷ죿
Һ俪һѷ죬ԼûжİգԼסԼǸҲȷﻹǲǱϾռƶġ
һְɡ
ҹδ벻˼⣬ʼӹ۲ʶڵľĿǰΪֹûзʲôԵĵطҹδɲȷξȫȷҪһʱȥ˶
۲һʱҹδصԼķ䣬ʼ˫
˹ȥ죬ҹδӷڳ˼װϡһҪռѷ촦ҲȻ㿴˼еʿˡֱԱߡ
ʦ֣ǳ˺ײ֮⣬ûкĿռײ
ûУ
ҹδͷЩʧܹԼǷײͺˡ
һ
ԶԶؿһЩʿЩʿڿУǵĶŻϸֵĿռѷ졣ʱЩʿתͷۣһ϶ֳЦݣԶԶŷ۷˹
ˡ
ʮˡ
ͽˡӵøϽȥ
ߵֱҲЦ˺˲һӣЩʿͳ뿪ˣｻҹδʮˡ
ҹδҲԶԶؿһЩʿԶԶؿȴûй֪ЩʿӦڵʿȻߵʿո뿪ǱҲһۡǱڵʿӡ
Ѿ´ÿСӸǧﷶΧڵĴСѷ죬ÿСӵĶԱΧµһǧﷶΧɶӳ𣬶ҶӳʱԮԼСеκһԱĿռ䡣
ҹδԼСӣŸķΧȥǧķΧʿұʿҹδ븺мǧķΧ
ƽ˾
Ȼѷ죬ѷƺôõʱ䣬һֱϣֻϵٶȷǳǿռѷȴѾǳϸˡ
ϸֻһңֵҲһ׿


935 ɹ
һҿѷ죬Ͳ룬һҵģʵҲҪӡûӴ֮䶼ǿռһѷгȥͻռ֮У֪ᱻ嵽Ķȥ
岻ɵҲɵðΣա
ҹδҵһѷ죬Զǳϸѷ쳤ʮĵطҲһ׶һ㡣
ҹδؿѷĵطܹ֪ѷ촦ֻǾԶǿ
ҹδ뽥ؿԼʮʱ򣬱֪ԼЩȹ̲סԼΣᱻѷȥ
ҹδͣƮ˿УȻʼ塣һľѵط
תǧжȥռѷȹԼΡ
ʱһ֣ԼܹһôǷڿռоܹںܶ࣬ߣ
ҹδ뼤ˡ
ܳɲɰɣҲš
ҹδڿУʼ壬ɢһ״Ĺ֣ת̫
ʼʱ򣬱˵жܹάֵתܹ͸˵ˡ
յĿҪﵽ
ҹδʵûмɣڵľѾܹʼľˮԼɵĵһĿܹ꣬ʼάֵ̫УڵĵԪĹ⣬ܹһֱƽȵС
ſռѷ£ס
£ֱķ򣬹ЩΣʼձԲ̫״ֱӰ쵽̫ȶ͸˵ڶĿ꣬жˡ
ҹδžĬĬĬĬļ֡
ʿǵĶӳ״һüǶ֪ҹδǼڲã໥ʶ
ӳڸʲô

֪Ҫʵһʵȥնɱ𣿡
ڿռ䶼ûв壿ҵӳκʱ򶼲
˵ӳһʿɣ
ŵþ˵ֻҪӳڵ״֪ضһʿ
ҪҪҲ
ǻˣʱݽߵʱռײǾͱˡ
һƬžҹδּžУ
һ
Ѿʼս̫ĹȶҪıжҪֵ̫зʽҹδ뿪ʼһһسԣڳиıеķʽһı䣬ÿһθı䶼һ˿

ҹδѾܹжˣֻʮǿԣҹδ뿪ʼǰԼѷľͣ룬ҹδӰӴˣֲжˡ
Ǿͼ
ʵϣΪռѷ첢ͻȻѿѾǳƽȣȻԽǿѷ죬Խ󣬵ҹδΪѷǱߣҲܱսȥҹδ֮Ҫ壬ҪȫӰ죬Ȼٽһܹ
ⲻϹ룬ǳܡ
񷫴Ǵ洵ȴͨƣôСҹδҪľǣԼڿռУС
ڶȥѾվھѷĵطȫܿռѷӰ졣Ȼһǰռѷֻľ룬ٴοʼ
ûãԶԮҹδתȥھԼ֮⣬ԼСеһʿĿռѷУһԴ
ֻǿԴҹδһľͽԴ̫ϤˡΪռöΣмβˡ
ҹδ벻֪ʲôȡһ֣ռޡ
ֿռޣƺûʲôǣֻ֪ɣʲôܹԣ쳣ǿرǵı壬ǿӿռ
뵱ҹδɱһֻռޣо˺óʱ䣬ռڵѪҺǷܹǿԼı塣
üһֻһΣͲԼҹδΪԣؽǵѪҺ˳ȥľˡ
ռ޵ѪҺ̫ˣֲûǣݿ񱩵ѪҺҲᵮǵĶ
ҹδŲ̤ǲһ˸ǸԼСӵĶԱǰϳռ൱ڴ𣬺ԼػкܴĲ࣬Ǹռ
ǸЩ壺ҹʦã㡭Ҫ
šֶܹڿռж磬ıضǿȫӦĺòϡ
ǸʿһڿˮȻ֪ռľѲϡܹ֪Ǹռ޵ǿ󡣵뵽ҹδһеĽֻһ

ǿռ޺һ״ӿռѷ˳ҹδ˹
ҹδһͷųһ޴ɫУǸոĿռ޵ԴȻ
͡ˣǸʿ𾪵ҹδ롣
ҹδ뵭һ䣺úüӡ
һնȥ
ǸʿҹδıӰоǾ塣
ʿȻ
صԼԭλãҹδʼ

ҹδѾվھѷֻңΧſռѷȵڿУѷһ˿Ӱ졣
ҹδϲãѾܹȫжȥռе˵һ޴ĳɹȻҲ֪Լڿռѷ֮⣬ԼĽռжȥռռǣɹԼٴνռضҪ֮ǰࡣ
ˡ
ҹδûкˣڣʼԽ
һḶ́ҹδҲżտʼʱһԼξȶסԼúǱȲѣ˰ףȻٿʼԡһСģһͷ˿ռѷС
ʱ䣬ҹδľٶǱԼСӿʱţСҲ֪ˡ
ģʱûģʱһ궼ĵĹȥֻҪûײǲʿģֻżһֻռǳϡ١ԣĵʱЩʿҲĴȻҲͿҹδж
ǲȥҹδ룬Ǵҹδ롣ֻҪԶۿһʱ䣬ҹδڸʲô
еҲȥԣеǲᣬΪǾûʲôãԼֲȥʱ
ʱƽйȥʮꡣ
ҪжѶˣҹδѾܹɽŲ̵ľ롣ϵسʱ˺ҹδоѣתͷȥһҷƶŷӦʮȥˣԼӦûȥˡ
һۿռѷ죬ҹδҲûмԼȻڽֻܹﵽɣţڵԼٴνռض֮ǰҪࡣ
պ
ҹδٴλصڣٴαչءչصȻҪɳɳԵĹʮʱ䣬ûȥ۲ʶڵľеľжͽϡȻҪȫڷߡԼļƻǣһԼͻƷ񣬾Լ뿪ⷽ磬ԼǷʱ̡
صԼĶҹδȼӢӵΪ
ӢΪȻˣʮǰǴһأڲǴڳ۷塣ҹδ̸̸δܴﵽĸ߶˵˵
ȻҲûпͻƷֻϣǳСżĻԵʵҲûʲô¶ʲô뷨ʱҡ
ӢɫЩȻС㣬뼸졣
ҹδͷȻֿʼŴ˵Ϊ˵ٶȻԣҲΪΪ͡ʮʱ䣬Ѿ˵Ϊ뵽ںڡ
ҹδ㿪ʼָӣӢҹδ롣
С㣬ȥһܷԵ
Уȥɡҹδܸɴࡣ
ʮʱ䣬һûʲôԵһ̷С㡣
ҹδڰ֣аʮ꣬Ҷ뿪ˡ
Ӣ뿪ˣҹδ뿪ʼӣһºҹδչˡ
ڵѾ˶ҹδļӣ⻹ʲôɼӵģ
˼Ҿ֪ȥ˿ռѷҲ
һʮĿʿ
ڻеСûжҹδ뿪Ų߲㣬Ȼڻȷҹδûʲô˼ȴȷҹδģԻҪ۲һʱ䡣
ҹδڹ۲ʮĿɳɳԷɳ˲٣ԶһЩơҹδ뿪ʼܣȻʹÿһջǷ⡣
΢Сʵҹδ뿴ܳһϵпɳɳԷѾȫԵˣЩһߣɸоĿռ䡣ԣٴοʼܣȻռڣʼĿɳɳԷӡ棬ռ临Ƹռ֮󣬱㽫ϴĿɳɳԷӡȥپʱĹ۲ˡ
ÿζˣԼܣȻռǹ۲죬ͷռΪʲô˸Ѱҵе;С


936 ʶ
еҹδ룬һƮʶеĺɵϣԼʱҲĺɵϣĵķǳ΢СȻֹ۲ʼ¶ȴûʲôģҲû
Ҳҹδûʲôʱȥʼ¶ȥ
ڹ۲ʱ䣬ҹδ˫˫Ҫڶڱչء
ʵϣڶҲˣռ̫СҪһһͷֵ
ˣ˸ʱȥָŴӥ
ŴҲǶʮ꣬СȻҹδʮҹδ벻ڣڽύ˲ѡ
ҹδָҹδṩԴʮǷڣҲ콾С
ǣȵǴﵽ֮ٶȽҼ޷ͻƴԺ顣ԣڵСҲǷǽύ˲콾
Щ콾ҲʱݷС
ֻ֮ǰʮݷСҹδ붼ڡǰҹδڣһн
ҹδڵĴ˵һʿΪ˹Űᣬȷʵˡ
ҹδСӻСȥдѣֲĿʿҲŰᡣȻֻԼֶΪôãҲиġԼ֪ʲôʱ뿪ⷽˣҲûл档СҪύһЩԼܹϵѡ
֪СޣҲǷˡύѼ콾Щд󲿷ߵûСԶԼ뿪ⷽԺСҲҪһ߼ɽ
ԣҹδ벻֧СȥύѣżָһСѡЩ콾õҹδָ㣬ǾøˡС̬Ҳ͸ˡ
ֹȥ꣬ҹδõϢȥŴ
϶ʲôˡ
ҹδ´ֱĸҲڣҴ˲٣֪һϢ
룡
Ƿ
Ŀɨһ£ʮ˸
ھȻʮ˸񣬶⻹δصȫ
С
ҹδ뿴Щüۼ˷ܣ뵽ѵʲô¶
ֱԱߣʦ֣֪ʲô¶
㲻֪ŶֱӦҹδһʿΪߣǼʶȴδظߣΪӴ̫խ͵
֪𣿡
ʲô
һֱô˵أûȷ͡һְƴͬѩһĶ鲼ơõ֮ʶͨԼΪ硣ͻżشĸЧҶͻƷʥǱƷ
ô˵ɣûʿͻƷʥȴҲδܹͻƷʥ
ҹδ۾ˣֱĻҶԣõ츳δܹͻƷʥһ㣬Ӧ˵ǵõ츳ͻƷʥĻҲǳ΢Сⷽ磬ֻһʥ
ⲻҪ
ֻҪܹԼܿɳɳԷٶͿԡ
һ˽ЦǺǵӦö֪ˡÿһεƺҪˡҶ֪ƺЧ˰ɣ
Ŀҹδ룬в֪ƺģҲֻҹδ롣ҹδæͷ
ģȥġˣǾ׼һ£ȥƺɡһҪˣƺȻЧǶҲЧΪҲзʿˣƺһɱʿҪɱ˾ǡ
ǣ
Уɢ˰ɡ
ҹδֱȥʦ֣ȥСȱ裿
ãʦÿǵõʲôò裿
ҹδϻвĺò裬Ͼɱ˹࣬вٺϵõһЩòѰ
ضʦ⡣
ֱЦҲ֪ҹδԼҲǴһƺ飬ҹδ˶ҹδȡҶݲ裬ֻᵽ˲㣬ֱ۾һ
費
ҹδȡһƿϣƸֱ͸ʦ֣
ҾͲˣֱֱƺɣ
ţʦָ˵˵
ƺһĵطҹʦãӡеƺʲôӣ
ʲôӣǿл¡
ƺж񣿡
ûɣ
Ϊһܹƿƺ𣿡
ҹδܣɢƺܡ
ƬƺСƬƺͲ˵жˣûб߼ʡ˵ж񣬴ô񡣡
˻ҹδ뵹һ̽ʵǲǻɢ
ԣɢϱߵı߼ʣƬƺڣÿƺڵֻ࣬оʮŸɢƺУǳҡ
һ꣬һڣûȫҵЩûҵ츳ͻԶɢƺÿʿֻܹӵһһҵһ޿ҵڶ
Ϊʲô
ܴڴװУҲװڣֻܹʶڣϾϢܹ֪ӵϢԶԶؾͱܿ㡣ԣÿʿҲֻܹõһ
ʵϣÿνƺʿжңȴֻоʮţʮңܹõһžͲˣҲûзֵڶŵĻᡣ
Ѱʲôţ
ûʲôţΪƺУӾѾʧȥãĴǰããƺΨʶֻʶȥѰҡƺʶѹơ˵ɣǵʶǧ﷽Բûɣ
ţ
ҹδͷͬʱⷽʵһ˽⡣ʶǿܹǧ﷽ԲҹδܹǵҪĶ࣬Ϊɵĺʶȱ˵Ĵ󣬵ҲȱƷߣҲˣʶܹǧ﷽Բ
ƺڣǵʶᱻѹƣֻܹ﷽Բ
ѹǧ
ԣ
ֻ⼸仰ҹδѾеļѣ˰ʱֱ뿪Ȼصһ£ȴֻܹźˣһлҪȥƺŵ֪һʲô״̬
ʶ۲ǾŸЩźܹͺˣһֻܹһԼҲͷˡ
ȻԳЦЦ֪ԼܲҵһأͿʼˡ
ˣ
ҹδͻȻԼھŹͻ˺ϵ֮󣬾̱ŹǵĺϵΧȻԼͱ˿ռУڼһĶԿռѰµ硣ȻֺԼǷŲ죬ϵʮּѣһеˣʺϷĵطԼȻϲʮĿɳɳԷһУԼͻƺϵ֮󣬻Լı仯
֪Լı峬Խ˺ϵԲȴûʵͻƣûͻƵһ磬ڵԪôת֮һһ㡣ǣʶľûһ˿仯
ھŹǴϢһõ˺ϵʿĵúغϵʶ˵
ڵԪ֮ǰʶǷֿģĹЧʶʶã߲һͻƵԪ֮ߺһˣʶ˵ԪһֱԪˡ
ǣͻƺϵ֮һη롣
ԵΪģתĵԪתԪʶڣԵΪĵĵԪתʶ
ǣԼʶڵĵԪתʶ
ûУ
һ㣬ҹδǳؿ϶Ϊʶ۲ôܲ˽Լʶ
ǣ
һֱûй۲ͻƺϵ֮ǰĵѾʱ䣬ֻʱ䱻ڵ֮ڣʱӳıʶڵĵԪֻͻƺϵ֮󣬵ŻظıʶڵĵԪתʶ
Ǻԣҹδûи֪ûӵ
ҹδ뿪ʼʶڵĵ
ʶҡҷҡҷĵ룬ϥҹδԪȻҹδ뷢˲ͬ
ǿʼתʶڵĵԪˣֻתķΧǳС
õĺϵԣͻƺϵ֮󣬵תʶڵĵԪΪʶϵһصľ磬ôҲܹתٷ֮һȻʮ֮һҲһɣǸʱʹﵽ˺ϵһ۷塣ôȥˣҹδ뷢ֵתֻǵΧһ㣬֮һûС
ôô٣
ҹδüͷϸϸ˼ȻƲһԭǾⷽԺϵѹơҲԼͻƷʥ֮ԷΪĿʼתٶȱҪ˺ܶࡣǱⷽȫѹơ
̾Ϣһҹδ뿪ʼתһ㱡ոоǿܡܺʶȫһΣҪʶǿ򱶡
ҹδ𾪣ܹԼʵ÷ǳǿӦʶʶȥ̽飬¸ǵķΧҪʶ˵򱶣ٱǿܵģʮľԵġ
ǣڵ״ǣתٶ̫Լⷽ缸ʮˣҲֻת˱һ㡣
ҹδ뿪ʼĥôܹʶתĶһЩأ
ʶתĶһЩԼȥƺżơ
ʶܣ
ҹδ뿪ʼʶʶ͸ڣʶһԲ˷ӣԼӵеʶ̫ˣһˣ֪ʲôʱָܹһߣԶչȥҲֻչһϢ˻һϢʱΪƲ⣬ҹδһʶӦñʶʮҡ
ˣ


937 ƺ
ҹδ뿪ʼĥܹѸԼʶڵʶʼԼĴָͷڵղأȻҵ˵ھżУջЩɹ۳ɵӣбһϲ֪ЩЧǷ
ԡ
ҹδ뿪ʼЩӣһ֮󣬷ֹȻЧȻֻһ˿ȴ֮ǰʮӵٶ̫࣬ǧֹ
ǾͿʼɡ
ҹδΪ磬Щӷǳ죬һϢʱܹһҹδ뵱õЩ̫ˣ죬Ҳֻʮ֮һʶڵʶռıȴѾ˰֮һģ
ҹδ뿪˶һڷ񼯺ϣȻϷı߼ʷȥǳԶһ£ǳۣҲҪԼʮʱ䡣ҹδ㽫ԼڲڣЩӡ
ʮȥҹδ뽫еӶʶڵʶռݵıﵽʮ֮һģ
ҹδֿʼˣԼʲôܹʶŨȵı
¶ûЧ
ҹδЩЩѾɸ״֪Щ״ûа
Ծ֪ˡ
һԣҹδϲռ֮ƺع˱ԴΪʺʶһЩ֡ҪǸǿ̫ࡣ
̫ˡ
ֹȥʮ죬ƺ
ҹδʶڵʶﵽ֮һӲڳԶԶر㿴ƺ
ƺ
߼ʣҵĺȣﻹʲôƺһƵ硣
һӰӷϷȻƺȥбҹδ롣һͷƺʲôҲһƬãã
ҹδֱǰȥ˴ԼһʱȻͣɽһǰڷġԶλλêͣƺķۡʿء
λҹδЩڵʿܹƺгȥصϣͻƺʧٳȥ
ҹδͣʼЩ״ûмȥΪ֪ĥ󿳲񹤡
µʱܿȥҹδ뽫еĸ״ȫʶڵʶҲڴﵽһɡ

ҹδ³һʼʶӳȥﵽһʮұﵽ˼ޡҹδ˻ַʽ̫ʶֻҪһ£ʶܾжǿˣĺǿַܹԲһʮʿȴֻܹǷԲҡ
ҹδ뿪ʼʶ۳ߣ˳ȥַʽǽʡʶģһܹչĸԶ
Ȼ߸չһǧңһǾǧҡ
̫ˣǸ˵ǣҹδûƺıԵƺж֮ıǣҹδչôľ룬ȴҲδܹҵֻҪʿܶˡ
ҹδ뿪ʼֱǰӣҸһǧʶǰƽֱɨ衣ǧﷶΧڵĶᱻҹδ뷢֡
ǳʲεķʽǰΪƺ̫ˣҹδ·壬ȻϷɣܹѰķΧһЩҲ޷ȫɨƺջҪֻĻҪȱʿ̫ࡣ
һ죬죬졭
תһ¹ȥҹδ벢ûҵһȴʮʿЩʿеڵģеڵģȴûзҹδ롣
ҹδҲûȥǣԼķԼķʽѰֹȥһ£ӽƺѾȥ˿ˡҹδûҵһ
ʱⷢˡ
һڵʿúҹδһ棬ΪƺĹϵһֱǳľŷ˱˴ˡ
ս˲䱬ǸڵʿǰлżȵĲšΪҹδͷŵĲǷǺϵĵԷôֵܵס
ֻһͱҹδɵˣԷĿǣҹδôͷŵ
һǺϵģ
ڸûкϵʿ
˭
һͷȻʧȥʶʬƺ·׹ȥ
ҹδûܵ˿Ӱ죬ԼķͷʽѰֹȥ죬۾Ȼһʶɨ赽һ
ľͬһƬѩһ㣬ҹδٵطȥ˸ǰץ˹ȥ
пռ䣡
˲佫пռڣȻпռ伱Сҹδǰҹδʶȫ֣Ȼսʶ֮С
ҹδʶʶڵ̱ͬ뵽һ磬
ö
ҹδջʶʼѰҪԼǷܹҵȻ

ҹδַһԼʶոŷŷವһˣٶȼ죬ҹδ붼ûзӦ
ҹδûԣջʶʡ˷ѡףԼʶѾʶϢܹ֪Ȼͷˡ
ǣûа취𣿡
ҹδ볢ԽŷսڣˣûãղȥҹδЩйռ乵ͨһ¡
ռ䡭սȥˡ
ҹδ뼱æͨռ䣬ˣȻŴҴҽ뵽ռ䣬úõƮ˿Уһ
ҹδһȻܹ뵽ռڣǲҲܹƺ͸
͵ܹƺ͸
ֻҪܹƣӦܹΪضģûоͷ
ԣ
ҹδ빵ͨռ䣬ƺ͸Ȼŵعעš
ռڳһ֡ҹδһ󼤶
ܸƣ
ҹδעһûм޷Ƴɹģ⻹ֻǸƣиأȺҪһʱ䡣
ͣ
֪ڵǷϢ
Ӧû˰ɣ
սռڣӦøˣӦܹٴβ׽˰ɣ
ԣ
ҹδٴչʶȻǰʽǰУѰȷֵĲһʿҹδûдǰǸʿҲûзҹδ롣
ֹȥ˼죬ַһʿһڵʿҹδֱȥǸʿҹδϵʿǰǶ֣ҹδһʽˣȻʼѻꡣ
֮ѻ꣬Ϊҹδⷽںܺ档
Լⷽ磬ֻܹܺôģ
ɱ˵һڵ֮ѲĴָûдСֻѻꡣ
Ӻҹδɿ֣Ǹʿʬƺ·׹䡣
һ˿죬û뵽ڻᴴ˵ڵϵͣΪǷ͡ڵԣ͵졣
ûбϿɵʣûд͸ǷȴԼһַһϵǲʶڹڵʮѨڹģȻʮѨڵķĽ壬
ҹδֹȷֹЩײࡣ
ȻܹԼڹߵĲ;ڵʿܹʶڹ̶Ǿͳ·ӡûУѨڹȥѰҲͳҹδˣԼǷϵԣȷ·Ϊⷽռ䣬÷ȡΪúܿ죬ȴһȱһơ
ȱǴ򲻹ҹδǷͬʿƾǣԪǵĶ㣬Զͻƺϵ
н
УǺ΢Сϵҹδû˿壬нʮַ
ҹδʼѰڵʿֻҪ棬ҹδҲȥǡ
ⷽ޹أֻⷽĹֻ͡ҪԼҲⷽκˡ
ʱһһµĹȥڼ䣬ҹδֲ׽˾ŸҲʮսںʿս˫ҹδÿҲֻԶԶʶ῿ǰκһˡ
Ѿһ͵ԹһС
һʱȥˣҹδܹʮշ۵Ķλƺ֮ȥ
˷۴һ£ֻ˻лҹδ롣˻ʮ˵Ľҹδ͵ЦԼɲֻһʮš
ص֮ҹδ˶Լͬرչˡ
ҹδĶڣҹδ뵽ռ䡣ʱռѾһڸУҸķҲѾӽɡҹδ뽫Ѿռת˳Ȼʼ뵽Уͬ뵽һ硣
ķӿ뵽ҹδʶУҹδ֮У翪ʼСֳıʶڵʼС
һ
ҹδȫҲѾȫʧҹδ뵽ռ䣬ʱռѾڶҪϡҹδǸĵһȻ֣ռǱԭ߼ȴ޷һǰգֻܹ


938 ʥ
˵һ֮ҹδԵظ֪ԼڷһΣŸȻһͣҲ̫ΪѡѡͣתȥյڶŷȻͷ֣ڶ̲صķ͵һŲͬȷԼ׽ʮӦþʮִС
ҹδϲԼȫʮڷ򣬱ضﵽһŵľ硣
ͬʱ֣Լڷյڶٶڼӿ졣
ˣʮȥ
ҹδʮڷѾﵽһԼ𾪵ĵزȻ㿪ʼʮ֮ںʮ֮ٶȸ졣
ꡣ
ֻ꣬ҹδͽʮŸȫ򣬴ʱоԼѾվһոµĸ߶ȣһµ硣
Ҳˡֻ֪ǿǸµ磬Ҫµ磬ԼͱͻƷʥ
ռ˳ʼٴι۲ʱʮٴι۲ϵķоźܶڿŤĵط˵ЩɳɳԵķˣֻνӵķƫ
ľˡ
ҹδְϴˣȻӡɳɳԷһæ¡ҹδˡ
ʵûʲô¶ˣҪľǹ۲ǾöãһʱͿԡһڣҹδûʲô¶һȻԼ¶Ǳ˫
ҹδ㿪ʼ򣬵˫̫ˣҹδʼûͷҲָԼӺӵѣϢ
ҹδһٶǽڴˣ˲ٺ
ҹδҲһʿûгءûأҹδˣҲһ²⣬ҹδͻƷʥʧˣŵϣͼˡ
ҹδȻںЩۣʱڶеĻϲ
ΪǾĳɳû˿⡣

Լ磬ҵһ˿覴á
˱Ҫʼһˡ
еκһַƶʺҹδķΪҹδķǵһԡԡڵҹδҲ׼ӡз׼ӡз
ʮ˾ʣһʵġ
ҹδһµʱ䣬ڵʮӡзʣµʱǹ۲׶ˡ
ȻʶڵľԷ˼ţҪҪɸ״ȻԼˣ
Щϧ
ܹȥŹǣڡΪһ壬γɶ츣أǶڷżĸΪʦʥء
ǻŰɡ
ҹδֳˣڵӣҲڸӵѡһʦŴӥسԵÿˣҲض
һһʱֹȥˡ
ҹδȷʮû⣬Լӡķû⡣㽫ĿԼķ
ֵԼķҹδЩջǱ˱ģƽռ䣬ռϴȥ˷ϵķơ
ϴȥ̱űơҲֻƣҹδʶڣʶĽҪҲҪٵʱ䡣ʱҹδ뿪ʼӡзȶ
ӡԽ࣬Խȶ
ڸտʼĲȶűƣҹδ붼ûеһ¶뵱ܸʱ˶ĲУˣȶȫ¶
Ҫ֮ǰķӶˣҹδӡԽԽ࣬ҹδ뷢һϲԼȶеˣҺӡķںϵ̫ˡҹδӡһϲķԼӡЩɳٶۿɼȻԼӡǿɳɳԷɳҲ̫ˡ
ŷĳɳҹδ뷢Լ϶ԽԽߣҹδ۾ܿ뵽֮С
Ƕ򣬶
ʿģͨҪܳʱȥĳǱչأеչذ꣬ꡣ
Ƕĳ˵Ǳģĳһӽʿ֮УֶĻʮѵãʿһӶûһζĻᣬǶЧҲǾ޴ģܹȵġ
ʱ䶼ӵʱ䣬ҹδʹӶб˳ΪӡĶȻֻвӣȴ·ɹ˰ǧꡣ
һ̣ڷĸںˣϵĿɳɳԷҲʼںϣںԵĳɳʼ߲㡣
һ죬죬졭
ʱ䣬߲ȫȻҹδӾ鷢ˡ
֮ǰҹδһµķȻҪԼµһӡƣһֵ߲ķʼԶ˷ƣ漸ķŵ߲ķΪһ塣
ʱȴһЩҹδӷķһ߹ۿһܣڷӵ
صҹδĶ۶޵״ֳ̬һƣҹδĶû
ڵʿ׷״ӶгȻɫ𾪣ҹδĶӶµ̣ϥ뵽֮С
һϵӰҹδ붴֮ǰеʿûзڵ̫ϳϣ죬Ψһһʥ
˸żȻ۾Ҳʼҹδͻƽ
ࡣ
ҹδ߲㱻µķǣֹȥ˰£ҹδͻ˹
ʥ
ҹδͻ˷ʥӷǷž˵ܡȽ뵽߲㣬о˲ͬķ߲һ츣ء˼Ƭ̣ȥÿһ㶼ʵı仯ͬһĶ츣ء
ˣ
ԼķԭͲּͬϿɳɳԵķøӲͬҹδϸϸ֪ɫ΢䣬оԼķѾ߱˻ԡ
Բ߱ԣԣҲ飬ͬһ㡣ڵķֻǾ߱ԣԶ߱ǺԼ֮ǰķѾͬԾһΡ
ʲôǻԣ
ʿƵĸַϽһûлԵģΪǲɳƳʲôӣԺҲʲôӡ
ǣȻеɽˮľأ
Щ߱ԣͱɽҲǿģΪͬвͬԵɽɽɽЩɽԣ飬ȵȡ
ҹδķ;߱˻ԣҲڽϵسɳ£ԣ顣
һḶ́ȴ߱˿ԡ
ҹδãԼķɳٶҪȻеɽˮľɳÿ죬ΪԼʶԼĸעԼɳԽ죬ɳҲԽ졣

ҹδ³һȻٴι۲ʶʶתı仯ǳעһ㣬Ϊⷽ磬ѹƵþ˰취Ҳֻǽʶתﵽһɣ֪Ժ󼸺Լ뿪ⷽ磬ڲͬˣԼŷԼµı仯
ȻԷΪģʼתʶٶȿıȵ߳򱶡Ȼ򱶺ˣǵת΢΢ԺԲƣ򱶵תʵҲûеôߣҹδһ£ٶתҪһɣ¶Ҫǧʱ䡣

³һҹδϴ裬£ȻŶȥ͸оˡ
֮⡣
ѾվıվŹһڵʿȻصѾɢȥ˺ܾãЩ˶û뿪ֳ֪һʥ
ڵش󣬻ںͰڸӵغڣڵõһš
ԣ˵ɫʮּǾȴһƽֻżһ˿ڴǸȴǱ
Ŵˣҹδ˳Ŀһû뵽ҹδᡣķʥдûҹδɫҲһ㣬̽عֵ
λǾ̫ϳϣ
ֳЦݵҹʦãҲ̫ϳϡ
ݼ̫ϳϣһʿҹδʩ
ҹδ뵭ͷ񣡡
л̫ϳϣ
ҹδ벻ˣǶԾģ
ã
˽ҹδĶŹϡ˾㶼Ľؿһ۴ţȻ뿪
ڡ
ҹδ;Զҹδ裬Ȼֲ衣֮󣬾쿴ҹδ
ҹʦãͻƵʥδƬʲô򣿡
ҹδ룬Ȼҡͷʦ֣ҲҸոͻƣûʲô򡣡
оֳԥҹδ빰ֵʦָ㡣
Ҳ컹ЩԥӰ쵽ĵġ
ҹδȻһЦᣡ
쿴ҹδ죬յͷҲãʵǹµ̫ˣͻƷʥҲһ飬ܹһµĶ󡣲Ҫǿʲô⣬һ֮ǰֻһˣҶˣˣδؾͲܰȥ


939 ų
쾹Ȼһ֣ҹδҲž칰ֵ
ʦԣ
ĬȻһϴ˸к;ɥڵұʿʮ֮ǰֻҪܹѣᱻ֮·˵Ǳϲ
ҹδû̻ش𣬶ǳĬˡ޵ľ飬Ȼ֪ԡ
˵ʵⷽϵʿ˵̫Ѻˡ
ҪֻҪѣʹ˷֮˹ٶҲҪԼǷķʦܶࡣķⷽΪϡ
ԼǷأ
ҪֻǱһżסˣȻҪⶼҪԼ͡
ⷽףѵûһ
ҹδȻһȻ̧ͷʦ֣ǷʥǾͷ
ֳ֮ɫͻƵʥѾǧ꣬ⷽͬһʥļޣôҲͻƣֻܹоһǧ꣬ıʱǷͬʱҲʥ
ҹδ𾪣ԼⷽķУ᲻ҲⷽԺ
۾ʼϸϸ֪
Ȼ۾žҸ֪
ͷӦ㻹ûдﵽʥԲﵽʥԲӦܹ֪
ҹδɫѿʦ֣ûҳƽ;
ûУҡͷһ˵ޣ㣬һܣδؾͲҳ;ҪǾΪȻ֪Ȼܹ
վҹδ뿪˶Ķȥҹδ߽һɽӴŽȥͨһֱߣҹδɽڿˣڱڱɽ·չɽڶŷһֱߵ·һ޴ķ
ʵϣɽڶһľ޴룬ҹδ
һ¡
ҹδͷȻϥڷϥʼ̱оԼʶתˣ˰ٱֹ϶Ҳ˰ٱֹԼ׽뵽֮Уһ뵽֮Уʶתʮֹ
ҹδ֮УҲٴҹδ룬˷Եһʯڣʯʮֿһܣϰڷһ򣬾ȡһհһܣһ߼ء
ҹδչˣһºҹδˣҵ˾졣ûеҹδ뿪ڣָŶߵһܵ
Ǹϵǲ߲ĴУȥ
ʣµأҹδ뿴һܵ
ܵģʲôУеãеľϹ룬Կ
ҹδ۾һ˵߲ĴУʵ϶ѾûжǾܶ
ǰȿ߲ĴУ֮ҹδɣ߲ĴȷʵûʲôˣԼܳĴУҪЩи߼̫ࡣ
Ȼ㿪ʼۿܣҲһֱۿЩ⣬߲ȷʱҹδȥܿؽ뵽֮Уܾĵá
һ꣬꣬ꡭ
һΰȥŷİҹδΪͻƵʥڣʶתҲﵽɣԪת
ҹδͻƷʥڵһ˲䣬оų⡣
ԣ
ų⣬ѹƣ
ҹδ˳˼Щˣвϲ
˵ʲô
˵ⷽ޷Ҳ޷ѹƣΪûеõⷽķֲⷽϵȻⷽϵΪķȴҹδģġ
ԣųųⷽ顣
֮ǰ֮ûų⣬Ϊǿͻ˷ʥڣʼų⡣ţԼΪԽߣųԽУԼѰҿռѷ죬ͻֱӽųⷽ磬ֻǲ֪ǻὫԼų뵽һߵȼ磬ǽԼų⵽ռ֮С
ͬʱҲΪҹδһѵѡ
Ϊѡ
һԼ뿪ⷽ磬пռѷ죬Լֱ뿪һȵųԼܹԼų⵽ʲôط
һѵѡҹδųԼԼų⵽ʲôط
Ȼֳһѡ⡣ҪҪ;쿪ϲ̸̸;ڵԼİʮִԼµʲô˵ȥ
Ǿ̸̸
ҹδΪⷽҲûʲôηġ˾ǰ
ʦ̸̸֣
۾һоˣ
ûУҸоų⡣
ų⣿ֳãȻ
ʦ֣Ҳⷽˡ
㲻ⷽˣãȻɫһ˵ʲô㲻ⷽˣ
ţʦ֣˵
Ȼҹδ˵
ҹδ㽫ԼԵ磬֮Խ뵽ⷽ˵һ飬Ȼϸ˵ԼǷĸϵȻܽ
ҿԽӵеĴһЩҲ֪һᱻų⵽ʲôطų⵽ռУⷽʿıǿȣְϢͻǵı̫
죬Ŵˣ˵ܸĴУ
ԣ˷һĴСˣǽռҲֵܹþһЩһ
һлл
л
ҹδ벻ʼȡһհ򣬽һЩԼĵãϵͽһհС
˰ȥĶڶһܣ򡣶ͿʼĶЩˡҹδһ򣬾ôˡȻʼĶĵãڷ򡣶ںҹδһĶҹδµĴУȻҲÿһʱ䣬˱໥۵ӡ֤˶ڷڲϵؼ
Ҵʮȥ
ҹδΪѾڱƽʥԲⷽųԽԽ󡣶ȴǿʼǳ
һգҵҹδʦãڵǣ޷ͻûа취ĳų⣬ʦÿʲô취
ʦ֣ѾǷʥͣĸ㱻ơҪγɱų⣬ҾûпܵĻᡣ
첻ɾɥҹδ˵Ƿһ˵

ԣûмҾĵ飬ʵڵġνǷʿϵ֮󣬱㲻ᱻݣᱻһ߼磬ǳ֮Ϊɽ硣ûȥҲûȥ˻ԣʵģǾȥĶˣû֪
ҾԷΪ򣬶ǱųΪ򡣽ĴУδز߳һ·Уһһôһ߹ġ
ԣָֻһа취ġʦá
ţ
ԺÿΪͻƵĸоңΪҵϡ
û⣬һ͸ʦ֡
ƻжñﵽ˷ʥԲ
ҹδ룺ķ󣬻ôĴУĴʮ꣬ұͻƵʥԲ
ãǷһ߼磬Ǳų⵽ռУһᾡռһЩⷽԴ
ʮɣʮ㣬ھȥһ¡
лʦ֡
ÿʦáվȥ
ҹδ̾һ죬ⷽΪ͸ʿܹͬʱҲΪʿһֱ𣬿֮ʱҲ֪ԼⱲҲ޷뿪ϣԼϡ
ԼҲûʲô͵ˣøĴҲˣϣܹ߳һԼ·ɡ
콫鰲Ÿ֮󣬱ص򣬶ҹδҹҲǼܣÿͻƵĵãͱųĸо仯Ҳ͸졣
ʱֹȥʮꡣ
ҹδﵽ˷ʥԲ磬Ѿ֪ߣҲ֪һӦʲô
ЩҪˣΪоǿųУΪﵽ˷ʥԲһ̣ǿųоˡ̼ϢоԼ̾ͻᱻų磬ΪѾĿ
ԣ
ǿǸоԼΧĿռ䶼ʼҵĵϢ֮󣬲ȶ
쵣ǵվڲԶҹδ룬ҹδΧĿռȶ֮żæ߹
ҹʦá
ʦ֣Ҫ뿪ˡ
ȥĶ
֪
о
о
Ĭˡҹδо˼ǣ֪ԼǱ͵һ磬Ǳͽռ
ҹδ뿪ʼȡհ򣬽Լĸȵ͵棬һֱĬš


940 ع
һ
ҹδ뽫ݸ˾죬ɫ˸еؽӹҪ뿪ˣ
ţҪ뿪ģѾһٶˡ
ȡһָݸҹδ
ҹδ֪Ǿ͸ⷽĸԴҲûелǿڵ
Ҳ뿪˵ˣȥһߵĵطɡ
ãʲôʱ򣿡
ɣȥӡ
ã
ҹδ뿪ˣصδ壬ԼӣѾǴԲһǷ𣬲ҹδ֪ͻƵӢûлҹδָ죬ȻҲûиӵʵ;뿪ˣһƬԭʼɭ֣û̵ĵطԶԶ뿪ҹδ룬ԶԶؿ
ҹδ볹׷ſԼϢ֪ⷽԼǿҵų⣬ͷϳһռѷ죬Ȼ˳ȥ

ҹδ̾ϢһԼڿռУûȥʲô߼硣
ϸϸ֪һ£ɫһϲԼܹظ֪ԼھŹǷӡǳֻܹظ֪򡣲Ѿ㹻ˡ
ȷ˷ҹδҲûмǰǽԼıʶڼȻ۲ŷиϲ
оԼֻۼӲȣѾ
ҹδıһٶﶼûʲô仯ҹδֻܹڿռߣÿһ졣ȴܹڿռмʮҡҹδڿռжһͷıϡ
Ȼ˵ҹδڿռеɶȣҲһٶǰǿ̫ࡣΪڵʶѾʶʶתﵽɡԪתҲﵽɡټ̫壬ԼˣȻ̫ĲңĿռУеٶȼܹˣԼ˿ŹǱϵƣԼм̫壬ٶֻԽԽ졣
⻹ʲôɱԹģ
ϣˣ
ҹδ뿪ʼžŹǷУͬ٣һСȻʲô̫壬УֻٶȺҹδ࣬Ҫ֮ǰе·ֻ̣ҹδʱ򣬱ᱻռָƻƯøԶڲͬˣܹУֻһؽӽŹǵķ
Ҫģǿռÿеľ̵ľһĥҿռٶȻһʱģһҸģǾѡпռ籩Ǿв
ֶӵĻ£ҹδ̫ü죬ˮƽҲߣеٶҲڲϵ
ˣʮȥΪϢһ죬ҹδ붼ڷڵԪתﵽɣʶתٶȲԪȴҲﵽɰ룬еٶ
һգҹδڷĺӷڳٴڳȻͳ͡
˿ռ籩ɿؾ˹
ֲסʱҡ
ҹδڡֻǼĸʱͲˣҹδûгȥȥҲֲʱȥȻ˷ڡ
Ȼҹδһŵظ֪ŷüͷ
ǵһξռ籩η籩̫ǿˣоԼıֲ졣һֲסǷָ
ǻġ
ҹδԥ˱ȻʶڵĽԷǶ˽Էڡ
ı˺ֻܶ࣬Ǽ˲ʱҪˡҹδһʶڣʮ
һǱһھżеõǸԷپھǷõʮһӡгɳԷֱӡŽľˮⰵ׾ֵԳɳԷ
ҹδЩڿռ籩дС
ʮˣֲòڱ󣬿ռ籩ȥˡ
ҹδ볤³һȻŴ͡
һ½
ôܣ
ôڿռпһ½
Զеķϣƫϸ۲죬Ȼӵ𾪡
״ϿһˣһˣͬһСʹ½һľˡ
ı˷Ǹȥʱ䣬Ǹ˵棬ȷʵһˣ㣬ϸ΢ˣ廹õģüһ󶴣Ӧþԭ
ҹδ벻֪ôģôڿռ֮У֪˱ضʮǿΪͨǸ󶴵˿ڷӦ˺ܾˣڿռƯܾˣõҹδ붼жá
ҹδţʱ䲻ʮܹ꣬ģڷ֤˵ʱ䳬ʮꡣڿռбɱʮϣȴûʲôеˣһ״̬֪ڻŵʱжôǿ
˵ģǿȾ˾ҹδţԼʹȫȥԼ¶˺Էֺ
뵽һԼ塭

ôԼˣֻһ㣬ôǷܹϵͻƣ
뵽ҹδ뽫ǹŽµȥ
飡
ûһЧҹδ뻹Ͳˡ
顭
һʱҹδ۵̱ھϣһЧûСҹδ룬´治У̫Ӳأ
ͷǸüĵĴ󶴣룬ûнȥǸѾˣǰͨ͸ĿռʮҡȲסΡҹδߵ˵ıǱߣǿǾǾ޴ɽȻ߽˱ǿ档
оǳ漸оռܹסΣ˷ȥռ˲ܹȫȥˡ
䡭
ҹδ˼ʮ£ڱһ죬һѪҹδһ֣㽫ǵѪץС
û׼ҹδ־һ
ôأ
ҹδгԾȻϥʼѪҺ
һ
ҹδǾϲѪҺˣԼıǿźܴʱֺʮѪҺҹδʼ
ʱһȥڱǿܲռڲϵغҹδڲϵѾ˷ؾŹǵ顣
һ꣬꣬ꡭ
ҹδڴ֮ıͻƵ˺ϵ֮ϵľ磬ֻǲ֪Ǹ֡Ǹ֪ʵʵڵġûͣ£
ʮ꣬ʮ꣬ʮꡭ
ҴҰȥҹδıﵽ¾ԲȻ֪ƿƿԪĲ㣬޷֧ҹδ塣
ҹδ뿪ʼڳԣû뽫˴ߣΪķװ£ҪһС飬һָȻ꣬ˡ
в
߰ɣ
ҹδؿ˾һۣȻ֪žŹǵķٴ̡
ʮ
ҹδƮԼӡĵطҹδıﵽ˺ϵ֮ϵľԲԪת˰˳ɣʶתﵽ߳ɡٶȵõܹʮʱ䣬ص
Լӡҹδȡ˴ǹӡıϡ
䡭
Ӻҹδͣɫϲ
ûк俪ҹδҲûаɥΪѾԤϡǼʮϵֺ俪˱ϣֻԼһ
ǣڿռоḻż֪϶бϱĵطԼңһܹҵʼűһѰңڲͬĵطгԣһҾʮ꣬ʱվһɫǳҵĵط˴ǹ
䡭
ꡭ
һѷ֣ҹδдϲһ룬ȻĿһɨһӵϷʱ̧ͷҹδһѾʧڿѷֺϡ
պ
ҹδһСеĲ跻кȲ裬ѾŪԼڵλáŹɽԶԼһŹ˸ϳԼͻƻԪʱ͹ȥˡ
ȥɡ
ҹδ²豭ʯ뿪СǣŵԼĵصȥ
СǵҹδԼǸˣһţҲܵѡν뵽Źˡ
ͻƵԪΪصţŶӣҹδԴָĵãԼǰԸԳԪԲ
ԣˡ
ǣȴûеȵҹδ롣
Ҳû뿪Ϊ֪Ǵϵָ㣬ԴϵṩͻƻԪ˵ڶʱͻƻԪϣǼҹδϡãҹδûԼҲԼֻҪԼ򵽻ԪԴѰҡ
ǣȵʱ̫ˣʮصţʮ̲סصȴҹδ롣ҲûлͻƵˣأȴҲںҹδԼĵطϢҹδˣҲܹϢԼʱ䡣


941 ع
ҹδûԼʱûоҹδʧԼʿкܶʱɼˡ
һա
ϥµĸСȻ۾ķȥһӰ̤СȻվֳϲ֮ɫ
ǰ
ҹδĸǰǸЩɼ
СͲǸոձϳŹǸʱˣѾı̬Ѿƽ̫֪࣬ҹδҲԼͻƻԪΨһϣִ
ǰָ㣡
ã
ͻƻԪô׵ģҹδҲոջصŹǣҲҪ˽һ¾ŹǣҪھŹǱչһʱ䣬صŹ֮Լ״̬ϾھǷ磬Լ޷ҲҪصڷʲô仯ϾԼķͬˡ
ȸ˵˵⼸Źǵı仯ʲôֵ˵飬˵˵
ã
ҹδѾˣСҲżˣ㽫Լ֪ϸ˵ҹδʱҹδھŹǼı仯֪ʵҲûʲô仯ھŹ˵ͬ׾Թ϶ֻһ˲
㷽˵˵ͻƺϵŹ˺ϵʿ˿ռѷڣ
ǣСͷµʱΪ䶯
ҹδͷŹ˵ĺϵԼ˵ˡʵ
Σ
֮ǰˣ̫˽⡣
⼸ûͻƺϵʿŹǱǶϡ
ûУСЦͻƺϵôף
ûзģ
ûУСҡͷϴηѾȥһǧٶˣ˵ӦзʿûС
ǳʲô𣿡
Сε֪
ҹδͷ˼һµʲôͻ̻𣿡
һ̻ᣬ̻ᡣ˵̻жǻʮ̻ᡣ뵱ǾŹʮ̻ᣬʮ̻ǾŹǱ߼ǡŹǿʼɨȻҲ߼̻ᣬ߼̻ᱻˡɱ̻ᶥȥ
ǴĲ߼Ҷȥ̻ᣬ̻̻ᡣԭ󣬵ǽκɨߴ̻ǵĺܶС̻ᣬٵطչڿ˵ʮ̻µĵһ̻ᣬʮһ
ҹδɫžȴŶ޵ɵƯ
ھŹû̻ˣ
УС̾ϢһŹǵɨʿʧʮҲƵЩʿʮǰһŹǡ
Ȼûкϵǵ̫ˡ˾ŹʿٱŹ˵ĺϵʿҲ࣬һսʮ꣬˫ʧأǰڳһľģվŹ˺ǲò̸
ʵϺ̸Ľûʲôͬ˲ھŹ˽ţĽԿɡ
ҹδûо֣˵ףʿûжǲռݾŹǵġʿҲ뽫ŹǴ飬ΪͻƺϵΨһϣŹǵʿҲŹǣþŹҲ˼ɵ˫ͽڱС
ֻνЭҲô¶
Ҫ̫档
ֻҪûкϵʿ޷;Ź档
ԼǺϵˣǻȥ;Ź
Լ˲ŻȥŹʮϵԼȥ
ǼǵԼռеľ
̻ᾹȻı仯أû̻ţ
С룺мţһڵš
ҹδ벻һɫ糣ڣʲô⣿
ڵƺɽĲԶɽǱߣǰ֪ƺɽ֮ϡһ֮޷֧һšԣûţֻмȻҲһЩС壬ֵһᡣ
ǣ֪ʲôʱɢｨţڡҽʮأֱʮǰΪżȻ⣬¶˳˴һŵҹһĸҹҹҹģҹ塣˵ھŹҲЩ֣ܹԾɱˡʧˣȴû뵽ƺɽš
ԭһҲûʲôŹÿ춼ŽҲŸ𡣶һƺôһطǵطͲһܹŵĵطֻܹš
ǣȴû뵽ٱ¶֮Թţʼƺɽļʮ˺ǡ
һϣΧȻ֣˾ȻǵԪΪ
ƺɽǵطԪ޷ĴڡȻڳԪµĵΪһ㣬ֻҪԪڣƺɽûж֡ԣֻʱ䣬ʮǺš
Ѿŵ̡
һţȻ˾Ź˵ĹעǲΪ˱ģҪǲʿšŹ˵ĵ飬ǳǱšҲŪˣҹһΪʲôܹƺǱͻƵԪΪÿ˶һ˵յòˣⱲûʲôҪͻƻԪûʲôϣ
ҹδͷں̻ᶼչúܺãǲҪԼģҲҪȥǴĸЩˣڲ֪ˣ
Ҳûа취޷ҵ
ҹδ뿪ʼڸСָڸСʱ䣬㿪ʼ
һҹδд󾪡
ΪԼٶȷǳ죬ٶҲʮͣϸϸ˼Ȼ
һ棬ӦԼѾͻ˺ϵȻ϶ȴΪӣٶҲʹ
ڶ棬ӦԼıѾﵽ˺ϵԲȻǸ
棬ԼԪתﵽ߳塣
ĸ棬ӦԼʶת߳ɡ
ĸҲԼΪͻͽ
ʱͣʼԷȻķû⣬ұȾǱ߻Ҫ㲩˵Ǳߵ⣬ǲȫģҲֻһķ֧
ͻƻԪףڸС츳ѣҹδֲȱԴѾﵽ˵ԪԲ״̬ҹδİ£ʮʱ䣬ȷ˷򣬸СȷԼͻƻԪˡֻʱ⡣
ҲףҹδܹسŵԼʮ꣬ѾܲˣԼټҹδ룬ԺԼͿˣʮңܹͻƻԪ
֣лҹδ֮󣬸С뿪ˡ
ҹδȴû뿪׼ͻˡ
ӺϵһͻƵأȻƲСȴ٣ӦòŹ˵Ĺעҹδϴε飬ʮСģ˼Ƭ̣ȥ
һº
ҹδһ˼ʼͻơ
ͻƵϵءûʿ⣬Ȼ뿪ˣֱڷȥ
һ
ҹδصڣ˵û˿⣬Ȼ뵽ڣʶӿȥҵҹһˣ˷ֱԼĶ
ҹδ뵽ԼڵĶȻʶ֪ͨҹһǰ
ҹһڶʦһɫϲγ˶ҹδĶ
ʦˡ
ʦ˵Ź˷ͻƺϵɽٵʿǸ˲˵ɣ
ţңҹδ뺬ЦҿǵӣƺΪʦ֪ʦûһ㡣
ţ֪ҹסҹδĸ첲Ŵˣ˵ʦû
ҹδͷŶԼµķӡܹ֪ԼġΪԼһǷӡͻɢ
֪Ŷڣ
ţ֪ǻԴѶʦҪ𣿡
ţɡ
ã
ҹȡһ̣ҹδ벻ȻʧЦⲻԼǵ
ϵܿͨģһңֳŶĵݣҹʦãʲô𣿡
ҹ彫ÿʦ֣㿴˭
᳤ĻϵŶһӼ
ҹδ뺬Цһڴһʱ䣬㴦е飬һ˰ɡ
ãҽͶ
Уȴе飬ٺúġ
ر̣ӱΧҹδߴߴغ˵⼸귢顣ʵ˵Ĵڵ飬ƺɽܱߵ飬⼸ǶרͷչţŹǷ飬֪Ĳࡣ
ǵĻе֪ѾŹ˳ϣҲ˵ڱ϶һ˽šһŹ϶ڷſֶΣƺɽȷʵûж֡ܿƺɽʮǳأΪƺɽһƬϴ
ƺɽߵļҲͬڣΪԪѾвĴڡεеʵˡƺɽһƬҲĹǣ֮ǰ۸
磬֮ǰܵ۸ļ۸ʮֲʣڲͬˣڸԹƽס
Ȼн署ľȭͷ
Ϊ˹ƽҹһҲǺ˼ΣֱһΣ֣նɱһԪ˲۸ƺɽϾƺɽˣҲûʲôΪ̫ˡʵţĿⲻƺɽƬǿ֮ء
ԣڵվ˽Ÿ


942 
ӵΪҹδ뿴ߣ⼸ĽҲ˶ǵԪء
ӺŬֻ֮ϡȴһġ֮ˣûҹδʦָ㡣ʦָ㣬Լȫ¡ԣҹδҲûںǵΪԼﶺ̵ʱ䣬úָǾˡ
ĵķӵ״֪ٶȥڵ˶ٵӣֶʲôΪ
Ȼҹһشҹһ˼ػص
ʦѾнӡѡӵܸߡԭͲ̫ãֻ츳ϼѵˣſԣЩӵٶȺܿ졣˵磬ܵΪҲʮ˸ֻҪٽһŵЩˡ
ʮ˸ܵҹδˡ
طԭҲ֮߳ܵ㡣ԣͨʿһͻܵͻԶǲܵ뿪ˡҹδ뵱ڲ˾ڵ֮ΪߣҲܹǿлҹһܹͻƵϣΪ
ҹδ˽ŵʵк⡣
ڼȻڵõ˾Ź˵Ŀ϶ǾͿԾӪˡŲ輸Ųһŵ֮й¶һӾͰŵ֮Ũˡ
ҹδȻ˲Ƿڻʣ¼ʮġܹϵ֮û⡣
ţҪΪˣͽˡΪͻƵģҲҪŨȵ֮
ǣһ㣬ҹδ벻ܱ¶ܱ¶ҹδڵĹϵҹһ˳ɳͻƻԪ֮󣬱ʿ
ⲻΥ
뵱ҹδոյŹǵʱ򣬲׺ھ׺ڡȻ׺֮󣬻Ŀʱ䣬ʱǧΪλȻ󿼺ͨŻᴫںϵС
ǣŹǱʿ롣һˣͿͬΪʿ
ȻʿֻҹδɽʿҲž䣬۰ԣǺЩʿһĵطҲһұŵĵطǸɽһռݾŹǵͷԺͿԴԴϵɽʿŹǡ
ʲôطͶҹδڸڲʱ򣬾Ѿǹԣҹδֻʱʱ䣬Ͷʮŵ֮ŨѾȫﵽʿϵԲԣĳ̶ȡȻҹδֲ󡣱ںɽԼĶסһԼһָԼӣͬʱȡ˲ٵĹ͵Ž˲
һºŶˡ
Ŷĸҹδ˾ϲٶ꣬ŵŹ˺ɨʿ̻õѸͷչĻᡣŶĸԼݷǳãʿҹδĹ֮ϵϢȫ仯ûܹϳָıòŹ϶Ϊ
Ŷʮڣǰʮеһ̻ᣬ̻Ĺģǰʮ
˲ʿвлԪŶѾǻԪ۷壬ҲܹѹЩʿȻҲŸĽԼĵҲѸ͵سȻΪǼ֮ӾͻɳǸʱ򣬱㲻ҪʿŶĻջȨЩʿʧȥȨ̻žǡ
ҲΪչù죬̻ᵽûл̫ԴΪóˡһ㣬ҹδ벻Ϊ⡣ͬŶĵķչ
ŶҲе᳤֮ڶⲿľǺܺ¡ǵʵҲͣʮ̻ǰȣǰҸоҲ˶١ҵ̻ڲ
һܹұΪѹڲڵڲҲȽϺãϾǴڿٷչĽ׶ΡٵķչڸǸìܣôܹһĺͷǲζûìܡһ̻뵽ǰʮǸʱì¶
˵ʵ̻ᷢչ̫ˣⲻ㡣һڲìܣγɼҵĳͻѹƲס
û£ʱңǡ
᳤ͻƺϵûУŶڴؿҹδ룬ζҹδܷ̻ìܣҲζŶĵδҹδһͻƺϵܹܳʺĹ
ţںϵءģԪԲ֮ǰұضܹܳʺĹ
ŶĵЦҹδǰҲװ̫ˡ̫ˡ
Ҳ¼ɣ⼸רŽϵ⡣
ããл᳤
ʮŶ뿪ˡҹδһһָԼӡȥҲȺչء
ˣҹδ߳徻ʼרע
ҹδ뿪ʼʳ¶ͬʱɵһ˿˿ģٵľˡ
һζʮȥ
ҹδΪ˺ϵ۷壬ҲǺϵ۷壬ȻСƿ֮˵ƿΪڴõ˴Ҳֻдﵽ̶ȣ˵õĴСǰء
֮ҹδΪֻСƿΪҹδоԼѾͻ˺ϵںϵѾ֪ûкϵԼҲܹĹֻʱˡ
鲻һͣôãҲȷŷԼǣתȥܽľˮ徭
˵ͼ˺ֻܶ࣬ʮ꣬㽫ֹܵ˺ϵء
ʮʱ䣬ŹǷƽ˾ովǺ;Ź֮Ĵս˫Ҫƽ⡣
ƽУŶĽ̻ἷǰʮȻֻڵʮλ͵λͬն
ҹδټŶģʱŻţҪʵ̻ĸ̻ĵ̣Ƚ̻̻úأһζţϡˡ
ŶҲͬҹδ˼һҹδ뽫͸Ŷģϵء
Ŷ뿪ˣʮһĶ̻ϣУҲǻԪأ׼ȥչһʱ䡣
ʮ꣬Ȼҹһ˼ڱչأڵһӣȥյģԽ̵ģһӳɳڵû˿⣬ǵľӪ£ƺɽѾϵͬһ飬ڵʵҲһڵʿˡ
ʮ˸ܵʿУ߸ͻھϵһȱڣȱڣûлײʿ˻ʿڲųΪһе̵ţڸ綼УÿʿԴһʿγѭ
Ȼţ;ŹϵĸűȱȣѾӦеƫϡ
ҲͻƵ˵ԪأԪ绹ǳңԶ⻹ҹδָ㣬͸ǴԴԵʣʮʱ䣬ͻƵ̶ֳȣϾǵ츳Ҳ콾һࡣ
ҹδûٴοʼܺϵתҪ⾳о⾳ܹԼսһ⾳ܹԼϵڵƣΪʼ¶
ǣûеչһ£ŹǷһ£ƫԶڶյϢ
ʦʦ
ڱչصҹδ룬ʶһɨԼվ棬ҹδɫһ䣬ѵŷʲô
ʶ漱Ӷȥʮʱ䣬ҹδ벻ΪϵͻƣԪתҲﵽ˰˳ɣʶתﵽ߳塣ܿţûзʲô飬ջʶ˶ĴţӴҴҽ
ʦ
ʲô飿ôҴҵģ
ʦڱˡ
ڱˣҹδҲΪ֮ʧɫ
֪ڣڿǾŹǵĴţųźϵʿ̫ϳʲôܹڣ
ô£ϸ˵˵
ӵõϢҲǴţ˵ͻȻ͵Ϯһҹ֮㱻ɱ˸ɸɾڵĲԴøɸɾȻЩ˱ʧˡǵʬ嶼ˡߵʿ˵ͻϮǵ˶ʿ
ڵ̫ϳأ
˵ˡ
ҹδ˼Ƭ̣бƲ⣺ӦˣҲֻǲܹܵ˵ʿǱڣȻһҹͻϮһ˵Ҳͻ˺ϵҲֻͻ˺ϵܹסڵǸ̫ϳϣȻ󼯺ϼʮԪʿնɱ̫ϳϡ
θڣΪľǺϵĹȴˡŹҪˡ
Ź˻ᱨ
ضᱨҵ˵ϳ˶ˣʧȥĴС˼ǧ꣬ǸʱľƾĲ˵ˡ
ӰھŹϵʿ
ǱȻģڵʿӦѾʼ뿪Źǡ
ǣ
ɽ־ŹǰҪǳʿشǣֻƺɽܱ߷ΧѲˡʵҲֻܹһ㡣
ŹǿӲأ


943 սŹ
ǷɽǵĵӸӦԣ˵ڱء
ãƾŹҲֱԵشšӦܹءʦһռϢ
ţʦϵӦø׻ʵϢ
ã
ҹδûа⵱£СţһãƺʺĵطӦò̫ӡ˵ģ¾Ź˶ôһţŹ˰˵صģҲԼ²һƺɽܱߣΧ֮ڵѲ飬ˣϱ
ǣ˾Ź˶µӳ̶ȣǺ˶졣
˵Ź˶ԴµӣϴΣֻǶǰڴڣֻ˺ϵ֮ǰĹŹ˶ʿĴΣ˿ڣĺϵУֱǰڵĲˡ
̫ˡ
ԣŹķˣŹ˶ȫʼеʿʽŲɱ¾
ʽŲɱ¾ǾζҪӴˣŹǱŶˣοţ
˵ڣŽɽڣɽֺһ㣬ȴһţΪһԪʿ̫ϳϡ
ɽھƺɽǷǳԶǧľ롣ûƺΧ֮ǰܺɽڹϽġ
ʵϣɽҲûйϽƺɽֻɼʿƺһƬԴչȻתȥȡһݲۡƺɽһƬǷ̬ȡ
ǣƺΧڵ֮󣬺ɽھʧһ档Ϊ֮ǰɽڶƺߵԴѹѹʮ˭ƺһɢɳأ
Ҳûеֵɽڵʵ
ǣƺܱߵ֮Ȼڱɽѹۣ֮ǰһƾʲôϸ
Ϊ棿
Ȼ󣬺ɽҲˣ̬ǿӲȻڸѵˡ
ôԣ
ɽɵԪʿˣֱȥˡǸ̫ϳˣҹһ֣ȻûӮҲûаܡúɽںû˫ǽ˳𣬵ǺɽҲûѹ۵ʸˡڷΪͺɽڵĳͻΪƺɽΪĹǡҲΪڿϷ
飬ɽȻϷŹڡ
ŹʽѲʿȻɾŹ·ŹֻʣµţȻŷƬ´ԼϽڵĸšɶŷţԴơ
ô´ȻǺɽڡ
ɽȻžŹ˵ӣҪڸѲΧڵĸطû˵ӰӣһҪҹһˣŵӣǰɽΧʿСӡ
аڵڻҵ˼ˣһսĲңսʱҲˣɽҲ˳ձڣڵԼһֶ档
ҹһȻϣҶѾԼʦˡͷɽˣԼĵӸŻڴ
ǵģ
ûгȥŴͶԷ˵ڷɽˣԼʦʦ嶼أԣɵѲܱߣѲʿİﲻˡ
ɽҲûа취ǵ̫ϳ϶úɽûа취ЩܹΣ
ǣɽڲУûа취ɽȥڣһ֮һͼӴ׵غһѡ
һԪǰڣǿɲܺɽں֮£ʱ򣬾ͱ²ϲģڱɽڵġ

ɷɽҲû˳ֻڵӸŴ˵ֻͬǸƺΧѲ飬ǾɳһЩѲӣͬ⣬ھͼɽΪҹһ˶ڱأҲһ㣬
ڵĵԪŭˣоԼںɽʿǰˣͳ˴Уת˰û߳Ǳڵʿڴдһ·˳
ڵĵԪŭˣûˡ
ҹһûıչأſأЩԾȥҹδ롣ҹδ֮󣬱̾ϢһҪִˡ
飬ǴһС¿ʼģҹδ飬ѾʼȥˡǸڵĵԪȥ֮һ䱾ĺڣڲֻ࣬ڴڵ
һСţȻҴڵ
˵һľǺϵֱԽ˻ԪΣ;Źˣ鲻ôˡ
ѾǺڵˣܿں;Ź˵ˡ
رǴ״
ҹδ룬ȥѾŹ˵ľߣ߾ûʲô¶ˡ
ʦô
ôҹδЦЦȻȥŹ˴һܡ
ʦǲ̫Σˣ
ûʲôΣգҹδڰֵ򲻹ӲˣǾڼɽ
ҹδˣֱŹˡһ·ٶȼ죬˾ŹˣλڵʿŸոջصڡ
Źɽ¡
ҹδͷԼƣֱ
ಡ
ŹɽϷӰȻŹڷԸأǾŹ˲ܲغϵʿ
Źλϵʿ
һλϵԲһλϵڣһλϵڣһλϵڡ
֪ɽ´һϵڵƣһϵںһϵɽˣΪǸ֪ƵĲѺá
ҹδǰ´ҹδ룬дž衣ǵٻɣǰ˾˵λΪǵУʿҲλͻ˺ϵ
Ǵˣ
ǾŹ˵λϵԲͺϵڣʱҲɽϽĿ˹
ҹδڶ棬òعֵλѣҹδ롣
ҹδ룿
һӾͼˣͻƺϵˣ
ţ
˵
ǣ
Ϊģ
ҹδɺƽǣʵҶûʲôӡҲӦúӦѾǴʿɣҲӦźܶǾŹǱʿЩ飬ҲǳУҲɱǡ
ʿɫԻ˼һµǶеʿ
⡣ҵͬʲô֡ҹδɫȻ
һϵˣʲôܹ֪ĵ⡣
𰡣ҹδǰͻƺϵɽٵʱȥΧңҸռѷˡһˣ˵ӦӦû𣿡
ϵ˰죺Ǹ㣿
Ƕ֪˭͹ң

ϵҲһΣ˼ҹδ̬ȷǳ˺ͷУھŹ׷ɱеʿҲ⡣Ź˼Ǿ͹ˣˡǸϵ̾Ϣһ
ô
ѡɣҹδ뵭ȻһһһĻҰˣԺΪˣսǲԾŹ°֣
һֱɺͶ֮ǰһΧҡһߣȻԾŹ°֡ȻҲһֱھŹڱţǧҪ뿪Źˣ䵥
ϵʿɫһҹδǿǡ
ô˼
䵥ʵɱǣ
Լ̫˰ɣ
ǸϵʿǰһǺϵڰɣ
ԣϵ۷塣
ҲǺϵ۷壬
ɣ
Ǹϵںˣطøˡ
룡
룡
˶ҹδֻٿڵȳְɣ㲻ҵĶ֡
Էŭˣֱӿ˵ҹδĵ֮С
ĺʿһԷ⾳֮Уʧȥ⾳ͬԷԷ⾳еƿߡ
һеҹδ뾭򣬸֪һ£о⾳ǲ˺ܶ࣬ƺǰࡣ
Ҳǿû⾳أʱ;ϲˡ
ԷĲҹδĶֻ֣ǽ˲һϢҹδ֪Լ˲Է
Էĺϵ۷塣
ʲô˼
ѵҹδ벻ĺϵ۷壿
治ǡ
ʲôĺϵ۷壿
ʶǿȣԪת򶼴ﵽ˺ϵ۷壬ֻǴﵽȴûгԽ
ڵλŹʿˡԪתʶתֻǴﵽ˺ϵ۷壬ȴһЩҲֻǳһ㣬ĺϵ۷塣
ҹδأ
Ԫתﵽ˰˳ɣⶼںϵˡʶҲﵽ߳壬ͬǺϵڡֻǶЩںϵ۷ģ
ҹδĹҪȶԷǿ̫ܹ࣬˲ɱ˶ԷȻԷ⾳ҹδûСҹδʼ¶Է⾳Ӱ˲
ǣҹδû˲ɱԷûб¶ԼʵǿԼʵͶԷҪԷ⾳̶⾳
أҹδһо⾳еԼпռֺԼķͶ˵⾳ǰ࣬ôпռͷͶǵǰࡣ


944 ɱ
һ£ҹδ˷һӦŶԷĹһ߳˶⾳֮Сͬʱʶڵʼ¶ʼҹδһ˿˿գʼ¶ļ룬ҹδ⾳ٶȸ졣
Էʼԭҹδ뱻Լ⾳оԼ˲ɱҹδ롣ȴҹδƺȫûܵԼ⾳Ӱ졣
ôܣ
Ӧҹδ־ǿӰ϶Ӱ죬Ǿ⾳УԼǿĹ
䡭
ԷعԽԽΪô񣬶˺ҹδķֺ˾͵ԽԽ
Թ塣
ǸϵڿףԼߵĺϵ򲻹ҹδ룬ҹδ봿⾳ôȥһҹδ뷴˵Լ˾ˡڵ
ҹѣ䡣
ҹδ뿴ǸϵһۣȻµ̤ǲαսɵط˳ȥȻǸϵڣ
ɱ˲¶ûɱ
ǸϵɫһǺ죬ǸϵɫҲѿûе˵ʲôҹδֿڵ
ǵʮϵΧɱңҺ;Ź԰ɣ
ԣŹ˺ϵͷûϴҶҵˡҲںŹں
ղɱ𣬺ɣ
Ǹϵâ𣿡
ҹδҲâǾûʲô˵ˡ㣬

Ǹϵس쭶ҹδȻȴûʲôŭƽ;ѾܹӰ쵽顣
ϵصöԷҲǱġһϵʿɱھŹǲס
Źǵĺϵʿһٸؼҹδ⣬ǾŹǱʿֻҪ¶ϵΪ¾ͻӭŹ˺;Ź׷ɱŹֻĸأ
ҹδھŹûӼ仰˵ûиɹŹ˷ŭ飬ǸɹҲûбֹ
ҹδųռд壬˵ʵŹ˺ܱԣҹδѵáλᣬҲ
ԣҹδͶԷɱϢʱ䣬ͻ˶ԷʵҲŹ˵ĺϵһϵ˽⡣
ʵϣҹδɱپŹǵĺϵߺͶԷۺϺȷŹϵĴһ㡣
ֱ֮ϵĴУǾŹϵʿ츳ǵõʲôǳıֻΪŹźϵȻŹϵʿҲ꣬ʮĲܣ˺ϵСϵ
ⲢζǴĴƷͺãҹδ뿴һ㡣
ҹδõǳȴⷽȻûдﵽϵ硣ںϵ֮£ȴⷽ漫ΪƷıп߱̲źϵ֮£ԣԴΪܳĹҲضǿĹҹδҲڻԪ׶Σܹɱϵ
Ǹʱҹδ룬ֻǻԪҪ֪Ԫͺϵ֮ž޴ĺ蹵ˣҹδ붼ܹնɱϵɴ˿֪ҹδ˵Ĺж졣
ҹδͻ˺ϵǵ蹵ʲô
˵ʵͻʵԣҹδֻҪͻƺϵֻǺϵһأҲԺ;ŹǵĺϵһսҲǺͺϵһս
ǹЧ򹦷ҲȷƷˡ
ڵҹδʲôΪ
ϵ۷壬ʵѾԺͺϵһ¡ȻԷǺϵ۷壬Щ飬ϵԲˡ
ϺϵԲı壬˳ɵԪת߳ʶתܹͺϵ۷һ
ǣҹδҲж̰塣
Ǿǲ⾳ʼ¶ҲֻǱķԷ⾳Ӱ첻ҲֻӰ졣⾳ԾŹʿսɴڡһֱŹʿһ֣ҹδҲܹͺϵһ¡ټҹδûкʵĵ֮ͨǰЩͨѾڵľˣޡҲ̤ǲΪ磬µĶˡûкʵı
ЩͱˣĲ̫ʡ
ҹδһֱǽûкʵıǿԻϾǱֽսµ䡣ܹͺϵһս
ǣҹδҲеƣͶ䣬绹ʮǶܹõġ
ԣĿǰҹδеҪͨҲѹΪͶԷ⾳
ǵģ׼⾳ͨʱŷţΪʼ¶⾳ŵơ
˴սڣִս
ϵʿսƼ󣬱˵ǾŹ˵ʿ˲ܱߵʿԶԶعۿ
ǸϵеˣҹδѹƵʵսǸϵصĵûҹδΪģڵԪʶЩˡ
ʱҹδ⾳Ѿ˲Ƶ򣬱Ҫɱ֡

ӰӾŹɽϷӶҹδԥһ£ܹͣ;Ź̸ףھŹǽһţĶԹҹδһЦ֮
ҹδʿһϵԲһϵء
ϵԲҹδʵǿ
ҹδڰֵҷ˵ĻضλҲ˰ɣ
ţʲôԷҲʮָɴࡣ
ҪھŹǽš
ܣԷȻȻɫһǿŹˣܺ;ŹʿһĴýĴй׳
ҹδ뵭һЦĲܣ
Էһ㣬ҹδôشȻͷӦ˹ҹδмش˼Ҫľǽţɫһ
ܣ
ҹδͷǾֻɱ˱ˡ
ƾ㣿ǺϵԲưһЦĸ֣ùУӵõΧ²ס㣬һֱ㣬ûɣ
ȻǾŹ˵ĺϵۣΧǸʱ㣬ܹ
ϴռѷ죬ܹһǲܴδνҡ
ҹδҡҡͷϻͲ˵ˣˡ
ҹδͷӣŲ̤ǲ˲Զȥ
ܵ𣿡
ԷĸϵһûлɣⲻǷϻ
ҹδǿҲֻһϵ۷壬ĸϵһһϵԲһϵء
ҹδ벻ӣ
ԣĸϵҲȫҹδ׷˹ȥ
һ׷˵Ϊ¶
ҹδǸϵԲ׷ǰ棬ȻǸϵءȻǸϵأһǺϵءǸϵصٶ˲٣ǰ˲˺ԶһΪһով˺ҹδĴս̫
ҵһ˲䣬ϵʿһ˲ͱ˴˾롣ǣҹδȴͻȻͷ׷ʿԳ˹׷ǰǸϵԲһҲ޾ŭ𣬶ԷȻҺԳ壿
˫֮ľʵϲԶϾҹδոܣҲֻһ˲ԣһһŭ֮䣬ҹδȻҡ𣬱ͷϵĸ߿շ˹ȥǸϵؾϵԲҲԶҹδһ壬ԽˣֱǸϵضȥ
̤ǲҹδʹ˼ޣٶȱ绹졣ͬʱеŶԷ˹ȥ
̫ˣ
̫ͻȻˣ
Ǹϵظû뵽ҹδɱһǹĸ̫ٶȣǷӦʱ
䡭
ֱӱҹδһ鱬ˡŵǸϵزеȥҹδ붼ûпһۣȻ˴ʱڻԮǸϵء
üкһҹδһһԷĺϵԲײȥͬʱҹδǸϵһָ
Ͷ䡣
Ǹϵرоһбһšһһ֮ʣҹδѾ˹ͬʱкȳһ

ǸϵԲķ

ܲмԭԷһڡ

ҹδⷽ磬Ƿڣһڵķϵʿһܹ飬ҹδԴʺ
һ
Ȼ󡭡
䡭
ˣɲⷽķڵķǿɳɳķֻ˲䣬γһռУǸϵԲˡ
䡭
ߵҹδҲһǸϵظ鱬ˣȻǸռг˹ȥ
䡭
ǸϵԲг˳ǱԡѪ˲ᡣҹδ˶˫಻ףһ˹Ӧ㱻鱬塣
ҹδתͷǸڿж£Щվȵĺϵء
֮ǰ˵Ļס˰ɣ
ŶŶǸʿͷ
ʱһŹˣ˵Ļһֲ˵ŹЩʿǲþͻ᷵ؾŹˣ𣿡
ˣ
ҹδͷȻתͷ̤̤ǲ˲ʧӰ
Ǹϵɫ԰ףͷžŹٶȣ˹ȥΧԶЩۿʿһҲɫ԰ס
̫׺ˣ


945 
˲Ϣ֮䣬ɱϵΪ͵ǺϵأߵǺϵԲ
ŹҪˡ
ҹδֱ޼ǲ
ٶȣҹδѾϥ޼ǲԺС¥ڡ˵ȫĵطҲҪһʱ䣬⾳
ѾѾ㹻ֻҪЩʳ¶ʼ¶ҹδ֮С
ҹδŹϵϢ˳ȥŹ˵ĺϵʿ׷׸ϻؾŹˡ´ʮϵʿÿɫʮءǸϵؾվڴ룬Ĺϸ˵һ飬رҹδ˵Ļһֲ
죬
սĽһҹδʵӦȷΪǺϵ۷塣
ںϵʿֿվڴĽ򣬽ͷȷ
ҹδû⾳
ûУһֱûʹ⾳ɱ˵ʱҲûС
ĻʵӦ൱ںϵأ˵ĹƷܸߡֲŹǡںǾŹǵĴСһҪܳԼĺϵ
᲻˵
ᣡݴӳʿ˵Ǹ˵һޣΪǺϵء
ҹδ뻹һڣ
֪һ
ô죿
׼һ棬ȥѰ˵ϳһҵˣȫȥΧˡһ棬ҵϳ֮ǰǾȣҹδ
ã

һƬѩء
ǾŹǵı֮ھŹǱʿĸУΪӡԭ޾ɽࡣ
¡
¶Ҫȵرů࣬һ´ڡһһŴϣڴ߸һӣҲһʿʱһʿڶλϵǸŽɫߵ˻㱨
ҹδ˾Źˣɱϵʿ
ŶдŨŨȤҹδͻƺϵˣ
ţ˵Ǻϵ۷壬ȴɱһϵأһϵغһϵԲ
˻һ
ʲôԭҹδɱϾŹˣ
˵ǵҹδͻƺϵʱ򣬱Ź˺;ŹϵʿΧҹδ˿ռѷ졣ҹδһص˾Źǡɱ˾ŹˡϢ÷з˵ҹδԲƽ֮ǰ飬ֻҪھŹǽšǾŹûдӦɱͱɱˡ
ɫҡҡͷŹôܴӦ
ǰھŹ˵ĺϵʿص˾Źɽҹδ롣ҪҪᣬһţ׺ڣ
ɫ˼Ƭ̣ҡҡͷȲҪǻɽѾһţõĴСڶȴᡣ
ǣ
һӴһҹδ룬ܷ
ǣҹʲǡ
ȽӴһ°ɣϡһԳ֣ɱŹϵʿ޻ҹδ룬ҹδ;Ź˳׳Ϊˣ֮
ǣ
ˡ
ҹδոûжãо̷ֽǸƴ̣ȻԪ߶һĻԼǰĻֳŶĵ
᳤
ҹδ뿴ŶȻ黹ȣȴŽꡣ
ʲôˣ
᳤ⲻҲȡĽ飬ֹͣţʼʵ̻ĵЩ߲뷨
ҹδ¶˼ǿԤ顣ҪȨҪܿ㣬ˣûɱ㣬׶̻ͷ
ȷʵҪȨҪܿҵͷҲСɱң׶̻ͷӦòСΪǶֻ֪̻һ᳤һصĻ᳤ûŪصĻ᳤˭ʵΣǲ׶֡ʵϣϣҲǶԻ᳤һ᳤̽᲻֣ν¡
ǺǡҹδЦ
УŶĵɫأмԪ˵Ĵ
ҹδ΢΢һüͷûм𣿡
ǱģҲ˵ֻ̻ᣬҲֻǾ̡˵ټǻ֪ͨŹˡ̻Ҳôġм˳ؼ롣
Ҳ˵ǵ̻ı֧飬;Ź˵ΪһȥѰҺ׷ɱˡ
ҹδĬƬ̣ȴһص㣬Ϊ˶ټһҹȥûɣ
û⣬ÿ춼Ҫó̬ȡټһλ飬ȻȲĵֻǡһǲı
㻳ɾŹˣ
ţ
ᣬŹʿͰ̻¾һˡȻҲһıЩҪȻһɱˣȥ̻ᡣҪ⣬ǼȻԾŹˣͲкϵʿûкϵʿ˵ϡ
ȷһص㡣
ɽׯ
УڱصҪʱ䣿
ʱΪЩЩһֱߣҡ
УǾ͵ɡҵʱıһòţŮװߡϾѾھŹ¶ˡһŮӺϵ̫ܻˡ
У֪ͨǣǼʱ䣬ǻʲô׼ʲôı𣿡
㣬Ҳ壬һԽ⡣
ã
ҹδ̣΢΢˼һ£뿪ʱٵɽͬһڹ⣬źɽׯȥ
ɽׯ
⼸ǳ֡
ΪŹеʮ̻ᣬʮԪʿÿԪʿжŲƵȨ̻ţʮԪʿ˺͡
ܶ鶼ܹѣܹ
ŵʱ򣬴һܹЭҵϣŵͬսսֹͣţǴҿʼܵʱˡ
Ȩǳ׵ؾ¶˳кܶ˶Ŷ᳤ѾˣرǶҹδصĻ᳤ǲ
Ǵûмҹδ룬̻ὨԼŵĹУδǸصĻ᳤ֺͳƾʲô᳤
ǻɸûôһ᳤ŶĶ׫ģΪǡԣŶ˵᳤ҪȡǵһжЩ¡
һ᳤
أ˵
Щ˻ûʲôηģʮԪвٻԪԲ̻Ļ᳤ģҲһԪԲʲôµģ
ʮԪУȻжŶĵģŶĵҲ̫ˣҲ̻ţͱȥˡ
ҰĲȨ˵ȻҲУ١ռݴĻԪЩġЩģĲҰģҲ
ҹδڵ죬ȻǱ˺ɽׯŶġŶʵһ֪ʮԪʿĵʮֵõЩҰļһٶʮһʣµĶԹߡ
ҹδ벻ҿ϶ʮĵģģҲ޷ֶ̽鵽Щ˼ȴܹȷһٶʮһҰļҡ
ҹδվ󣬾ŹΪⲿĳͻĳͻʿʿĳͻʿ֮ĳͻиìܣʮָӡҹδҿ϶ЩԪУضţ壬̻ȵȸָˣп˰ˡ
һٶʮһԪƿأ˾Ͳôˡҹδ˵Ҳضģɽ¶ˮġǶͲ󣬿塣̻ľɢˡԣһٶʮһˣƿصҲƿأֱɱ
졣
ɽׯ´ڡ
ʮԪѾվڵĴڣľһ𣬵šĿⲻʱؿΨһһӡŶվԣ΢΢
һ΢磬ѾһˣһɫߣڻԪоһҪ֪һЩԪԲȻҹδʱҲֻǸоһ˿΢磬ȫûи֪ҹδĺۼҹδѾϡ
ݼ᳤Ŷҹδʩ
ݼ᳤˶һ£Ҳæʩ
ҹδ뵭˵
ǣ
ŶֱʮԪ㵽ֵģվ롣ڿʼԿ
ԿһٶʮһҰļ֮һԼ֣ɫ΢ԥһ£ĿɨԼͬ飬ջĵ߳վ룬ƵؿҹδһۣҹδضǿΣ
ǿһٶˣ
ҶΣ
Ŷĵĵһ˳һٶʮһ˶վ룬Ŷ˵ҹδߡ
ԿʱҲѾȥˣ԰һٶʮһ˺ⲻҪ֣Ҫѹǡȵ
᳤㽫һΪ
ҹδ뵭ؿȻ̧һֻţ¡
͡
ռ˲һһٶʮһʿĽ¸һûиǷӦʱ䣬㽫ǵжʶֻ˲䣬һٶʮһԪʿͱ˷ˡ


946 ̸
һٶʮһʿտʼûãһ־ĺ
᳤ʲô
Ϊ̻Ѫ
㲻ܶ

ֻһٶʮһԪڿ־Ľкʱио־ˡκһʿǧ࣬Ԫûʱȴоҹδǿֻһ̧ţͽȫƷ
ضǺϵҲֻкϵܹͨĵƷЩԪ
վŵЩԪһսͣû˸˵Ҵ
ҹδ뵭˵ȳȥɡ
һԪ׷׹ʩȻ˳ȥĴźȻرա
ҹδЩʿһᣬſǵʶ·ӡ
ҹδһ˵ţһ߷ֳһʶһ˿˿͸֮⣬ڴЩԪʿӡ
Ȼһ֣ڱʿеһץ˹ſʶ
Ǹʿ¶֮ɫԥ
ۣ
ҹδ뷴ԴʬԵڵϡȻץһʿ
ſʶ
ǸԪæſʶҹδ̽ʶʼ̽ʶڵļ䣬һ̰ʿûʲôšҹδʶ˷ӡȻ⿪ǸʿѾԼʲô״ʵʵվһߡ
ҹδץһʿǸʿҹδԸſʶҹδ̽һҲ˷ӡ
һʿ˷ӡһʿ̽ʱǷһ˿Цǲ׺ڽ̽ӣҹδֱúʿӻ̿֡ҹδ뵭˵
õģ˵̽ӣֻҪǲ˵ˣǲ¡˷ӡҲֻҪԺ̻ģǵĸ䣬̻ĵǵĸӡǹʹﵽһ̶ȣ̻ᴫڸǺϵС
ҹδһЩʿ΢ԵõϵУ˷ܡ
ҹδһɱʮ˸ˣл˵ʿŵ̽ӡ
ʣµ齻ˡ
ҹδŶ˵Ȼȥ
֪ӦûĵˣԭӡҪܹ۲һ£һ룬ںɽׯУЩӦòʲôٶǵľٶӦǸȥ֮飬һμ죿
ٶ뿪ķ򶼲һ
ˣ
ԺŶȥɣܹ̻޵зչزӦܹúҲûջЩӡžŰɣҲʲôʱܹϡ
Ŀ˱֮ϲ
ڴڣһ·ӡʿƿ˷ӡȻֱѻ꣬ɱǸʿȴõϳĵַû뵽ȻڼֿຮĻ
ȡһհ򣬽ϳĵַͽȥȻѡһصĵطһʱֿʼ⾳
ȻǸ̫ҹδȽҪǣҹδпռ䡣ԣҹδУеȻе
˾ŹʿпռΪʼ¶İҹδĵʼ˳
ͬʱڵҹһҲûкϵʿҺɽҲʵˣûǸҲûʿʿڷ׷׸ŹɽڴҹδһսѰ˺ʿͣ
ϾŹҹδ룬һгɿա
˸º
ҹδˣ˵еջ񲻽ˣΪ˵һʵķԾ˳ǸżΪͻƵ˺ϵء
ŷǷ塣
źϵż֮ǰѹţȴѹҹδսǸʱҹδ룬ʹ÷ͶͷԱҲܹͺϵһ¡˵㻹ǺϵأܹͺϵһˡͻƵ˺ϵڣһСʱ䣬ҹδĹ㣬ԼӦѾܹⷽĺϵԲһˡ
׼ǰŹٴսͬʱŹҪһ˵
ףϵʿΧɱԼԼһ˵ҹδ;Ź˾֡
ԼţǾһж˵ҶԺ
ٵʿҲŹˣŹ֪Щʿˣװ֪û𣬸ûΧɱǵĸܸˡЩʿȻĿŵŹ˸ֻҪɱҹδ룬ЩʿһӲˡòҪԼĴ׷ɱˣһˡ
ž䣬۰ԣǺȸԪһܣһ飬Ҳ˾ŹɽԪ˱˴ˣȻһڽļ£ҲѰҹˣһûҵ˶Ѿˡ
ǺܱˣһˣĲأ
ʣȻһҹδ룬߸
ȻҲи˵飬ΪҹδͻƺϵˡҹδĹǲͬǿԽֻҪҹδϴǾϣ
ҹδᴫ
ǲȷܱ֮ǰһЩϣ
ⶼһˣҹδ뻹ûǾۼʿԽԽࡣŹҲЩˣܲһֱôȥ
ڵȵҹδ룬ʵϣҹδһӽŹɽǧ֮⣬ŹЩϵʿ͸֪ˡΪʱҹδѾԼϢ
ಡ
ŹһʿӾŹɽϷɳڿУĿԶҹδϡҹδھǰ֮ͣĿ⵭ȻɨЩˣȿڵ
ҵѾ֪˰ɣ
˷ᣬһŮޣȴŹʵǿĺϵԲȻҹδ
ǲܣ
ҹδҲ⣺Ǿû̸ˣ
ǾŹ˵ĵߣơǿŹˡһкЩ˴һҪĹ
һӦ𣿡
Ӧġ˷Ȼ
ΪʲôǲӦҵȴӦǵ
һһϵԲӣؽܣ̬ϵҹѣĲܴӦҺ˵˵ԭ򡣡
ã˵
ŹǵԴҲ޵ģһʿھŹǽţŹǺܿͻһƶ˶һѡΪʿǲܴӦⲻ˽Ϊ¡ҲԸ⣬ŹǱһֻܹͨ÷Ͼʿɣ
ҹδҡҡͷҲͬĹ۵㡣
ԭԳ˵ң
ԭһʿھŹǽŵģϾʿҲǵԴЩʿ
ǱʿʲôΪֻҪԸ⣬ͿԽһţŽܼܲȥǾͲˡǾŹ˶ڱʿţûƣ԰ɣ
ԣؽܵͷ
ЩʿԳǱʿԽԣҲӦԽԣϾǱʿȴܷЩʿĵ;˫ԶֻսԶֹһ죬ὫˣǸʱ򣬿˶档
ؽ˼һµ˼Ӧʿţȴ
ԣǿһ̵Ϊʿȴſһӣʿһϣ
ʲô
ܼ򵥡ֻкϵʿԽš
ؽ˼һҡͷⲻС
ԭ򣡡
ʱıʿʿ˶䣬ϵǵδ
ԭܼ򵥣ڿȫԽܣΪʿֻһϵŶȻһˣǺԶСҪͬ⣬Ҳֻһ˽ţƶԾŹûʲôӰ졣Ӱ죬ҲΪ΢С
ǣԺأ
ǧ֮꣬أ
㽨Żĺϵʿ֣ȻǶȥţ
Ҳܼ򵥣ҹδ˳ֵ׼ǼҴţҵͻƺϵҵŵˣȥšֻЩʿڶͻƺϵ֮󣬲ܹš
ؽɫЩԥջǼᶨҡҡͷǲܿǻ̸̸Ź˰ɡ
Ҳܵø˵˵ԭɣҸղŶ˵ˡ
Ȼҹδͷԭܼ򵥣Ҫ˵ġǼʮϵʿ׵أҶɽΧңҪһ˵
Ѿˣ롭
˵Ҳϡ
ߣʱ˷һ㲻ͬ⡣ǾͲҪ̸ˡ
ҹδ۾΢΢һУǾͲˡ
˷ۺ֪Ĵ㣬ߡȻ󲻶ϵذɱǾŹ˵ĺϵʿǣ״ӵ
̫Դˣ
ֻһףֻһϵڣֻһˡʮϵʿӵ
Χϣ
˷һ֣ʿҹδΧ˹ҹδ붯ˡˣҹδȻɵɵغͶԷ̡
ɱˣ


947 Ź
ʿĿľɱġ
ԣҹδֱ˷ȥˣҪɱɱǿġôϵҹδǴ򲻹֮ǰҲҪɱ
ڳ˷˲䣬ҹδͬʱ¡
һͷŷͶ䡣
ڶͬʱͷŹ˷ңĺϵʿðΧҹδ룬ˣȻǾӭ˷ǳ˹˷ᡣ
˷ҲҹδԳ壬˺ϵʿԳ壬ǵж죿
˫ֻаס
ԣ˲䱬
˷оһڵԪΪ֮һ͡иոոֳ¡
䡭
ˣֱƻ˺ΧЩǰĺϵʿҳһţʮϵʿֱӱγ˿ռûҹδĹ˷ᣬһ˳ĹǺϵԲŹ˵һսʱҲΪǱ
ؼû˿׼
㱨֪ҹδһκһҲֻܹһǳ£⡭ôӳһ

һ
ԣ˷ǱȻͱҹδɱˡɱüΪɴ࣬˵˲ɱɱ˹˷֮ҹδûֱӳҷǼոմӿռ籩ǱĺϵʿɾɱȻ̤̤ǲ˲Ϣȥռҹδ
ڣһ
䡭
ʿ̿ʼЩϵʿҲˣ̫ˣ̫ˡЩʿͳ˹ȥͬʱʿΧɱʿ
Ȼ󡭡
ķ֣ҹδֻˡ
̫ˣ
ֱ̤ͬ˵ռ䡣Ҫ⣬û˻ϵѾߵҹδٻԣո´Щʿûüжҹδɱ˻
䡭
ֱӴɱһӦĺϵʿȻּһͬʱͶ䣬ɵһϵԲŷըڣҹδˡ˲׷žʿʿս˷˲Ϣȥ
Щۿıʿԭأû˸׷ɱЩʿЩϵʿҲԥֻԥƬ̣ʿѾӵԶԶġЩϵʿ׷ɱҲ׷ϣ°
ոտǱɱϵһǺϵԲ˷ǾŹ˵һս侲֮󣬿ǵĲ׷ɱʿˡô죿
һ뿪Ź
ң
ѵһֱھŹɽ
ɫѿػص˾Źɽ´һƬĬ죬һʿ
ҹδЩкܶɣ
ôࣿж٣ǲ֪
ǿȷ̾ЩûзʵǿκһϵڣӦöܹսʤ
˵ĿؽܵϣʱǾŹʵǿĺϵؽ˼Ƭ̵
֪ûкĽ֡ѾǺϵˡû뵽һʱ䣬ͻƵ˺ϵء˵֪ʲôΪ
һĬ
ҪǴϢһϵں˵ʵĵ÷Щ˵ҲӦս
УؽܵǾڵɱ÷ǺϵڵĶ֡ôһ棬ҶľҲӰ죬Ҫͻƾͺѡ
ϢܿʹȥˣǴʱҹδȴѾܻصڣԼصɽϣֱȡһһһ߿ҹ棬Ҫе
ԣŹ˴ҪϢҹһ֪֮󣬱Ҵ֪ҹδ룬ȴҹδڱչأҲûи֪
ŹҲû֮ǰǰĵؿʼ׷ɱеʿֻɳʿ򰵵ѰˣΪҲЩţ֪ҹδʲô档һڱչأͻƣǺϵԲʿҲڳܷΪĵͨ
ԣںͺɽҲûڵ鷳ɽڵǳ˼ڵ鷳ȴڼش˻ȥҲͣ
ʱʿ˵ʮֶݡ
ʱ䣬ҹδ벢ûȴһʽͨΪи
ȻֻǳΣȴ֮ǰЩͨڵľ硣ˣڱֵͨڵľ硣
һǲ̤ǲ
һǹи
ҲͬΪŽһΪͻƵ˺ϵءΪı壬ԪʶسԽΪֻҪﵽˣͻˮɵĻͻơ
һֱԪתﵽ˾ųɡֻһɱﵽ˺ϵԲʶתȴǿ⡣ֻǴﵽ߳ɰˡӵķȺԪתĲԽԽ
ʱ䣬ֱĵһϵ¶ҲһաʶеĺɵҲʣ֮ġ
ҹδˣ׼ȥŹˡ
ȥŹˣû̫η塣Ϊſ±Ź˵ĺϵʿΧҲͻΧȥ
ҹһ֪ŹҪսԼ֮ȴ뷨
˵ʵ̫žŹˡȻ츳Զ壬ǻҪԶ壬ҲΪһǻ۵壬ʱֶΡҿ϶ԼŹʿڵɱˣһ˰ˡԼڵвϵնɱŹʿŹ˱ضΧɱԼ
ȻԼ£Ҳ˷ԼķֵܹǱΪǱĵơ
岻ͬˡ
ò˵츳ǿ˯ͿԱǿӱȽϼ򵥵壬Ҳ򵥴ֱࡣ
ҪֻҪΪʸ񣬱ֺ㵥
˵ĳǿ󣬲Ѫ˵塣˯ܹǿ

ҪܹĹ̿˵һһıԣһֱΪԼǸ߹Ѫıġ
ֽѾǵĹҹδžŹ˵ĸӣȥս塣ΪֻҪԼͲΧ
ΪԼ߹ѪĽô
ҹδ뵽ֱľŹȥ
һɽ֮ΪʥɽŹʥɽ֮ϣеĺϵ󲿷ֶʥɽ֮ϡ
һա
Ͼ˯ϵ׷׾ѣ̧ͷſȥΪᵽŨζ
ҹδվڿУſԼϢĿʥɽ֮ϡ
⻹һʥɽҲǺ档
ʥɽ֮ҪȾŹɽŨ۲ţʥɽϷһӰȻҹδǰҹδ뺬Ц֣
ҹδλѡ
ҹδ룿һͷǵʿ´ҹδ롣
ǣ
ʿֳ˾裺˺Ϊ
ҹδҲʮֱӣǿҪʿۡ
Ҫ
ǣ
ս˭
ҹδĵ֪ս˭ҶʶеκһȻͷųԼƣ¶ԼΪ
Ǻϵأսһϵʿ
ֳսһϵأ
ǣ
˼ǣսʤ˺ϵ֮󣬻Ҫսϵأ
ǣ
Ц㻹湻
䣬ͷЩʿ˭ȥɱˡ
ң
ң

һȿֺһȳ˳
ɴĺˣһ仰û˵Ѿ϶ǸὫҹδɱ
ǸֵվҹδĶ棬ԼϢ޴䵶ҹδ
Ǻϵ۷壬ڸߣϰɡ
ҹδҲûп֮ǰսΪԼոմͨи
иֻһΣҪƣֻԼչǾ̫ˣ޷ơ
ͨҪڼҵսѰͻƺơ
ԣҹδһ־и
һննһΪģһ߰磬һߺҹи
Ĵˣû뵽ҹδһ֣ǿͨԣиˣͷţһߣȻ룬ӿ׹ȥ
嶼ˣûջҹδ˳ţ
Ҫսϵأָ̡
𡭡
һһֻ˳Ǻϵءҹδиλ׼ҹδû˿ӣŴ򲻹ҹδ롣ȻĴ򲻹סиֻܹͷͨȻܡ
ҹδʩչֶΣһʣʼնиһһܺ͵ֿѰһᡣ
ط֣ͨ
Ҳԣ
ܹоиܹоиǱԶδҹδھҲ˵иֻһΡΰ˵ֵܹǼҹδʵ͵ֵסˡ
ʱȻط֣ҹδȻֻǺϵأͷųĻʵȴҪǿ󡣱ûиԼҲҹδĶ֡
ǽǲɵ˺䡣


948 սŹ
ҹδ벻̫˽壬ԲŴӺϵսԷ䣬ͷ
Ҫսϵء
һʿ˳ںϵ۷ǿġվҹδĶ棬󴸣ȴûȹǾؿŶҹδ롣
ҹδҲûпһи˳ȥ͸оԼһ봦һ磬һ봦ҹ磬翪ʼ棬׵ķֽߣʼи塣
忪ʼˣͬʱֻ󴸣һ˰磬һ˺ҹ
䡭
ͺҹ𵴣ȴû飬ȴ˳˺׵֣ȻΧҹδһ治ҹδԼĻᣬһѰҹҹδĻᡣ
ҹδһһش̳ÿһһи
ҲԼиĲ㣬иֻиױԷѳȥиҲʧȥЧ
ҪѶ֮С
Ҫ
ҪһݾǾͲиˣɱǽɱֳΪ⡣
˫ڼսʵǸڲҹδɣԷвɵս
ǸȻ򲻹ҹδ룬ֻȴҲҹδһѹҲѰҺķʽ˵Ѱ㣬ҵ㣬һ
һѰԼͨͻơһѰҶԷͨ⼸ƴǳΪ˴ͨĽ
˵ֻкٵĽ󲿷ֳΪ̵Ľ
ȷʵǿһЩҹδǴ̱ͨ˫ǽ
¡¡ľʹһһҹڴ
ϵʿս̫ˣͨʿֻ֪ҪھŹǣϵʿܹ֪ġ
һϵʿˣΪ˲ᣬԶԶǾͣսȥȻɫһ㶡
ˣҹδ벻ӦȥŹս
ôŹˣ
ţ
ڳµĵͨΪҲǺϵˡ
ĶǺϵ۷壡ȴҹδѹŴ򣬿ģҹδ뻹ûоȫ
˻
һϵʿɵһֻǿⳡսҹδҲܹͺϵضһ
˭˵ĺϵھܹնɱҹδ룿
С
ʱ䣬ͻһأٶ̫ˡٸҹδʮ꣬˭Ķ֣
ؽܿսеҹδ룬˼ת
ѾܹɱҹδˣһϵصʿսﵽϵڣûַǾĵķһʼشҹδ룬Ѿɱҹδˡ
һɱҹδ룬ҹδıһûǣҵĺϵصķ񱨸ھŹ˵һѡ
οڻһˡ
Ҳֻкˡ
ؽܿʼһھŹ˵ĺϵʿʶǾһ߹ۿսһʶᡣ
ܹΪϵʿɵӣؽܹ뵽ģҲͬ뵽ˡǵΣҲ׼Ϊ֪ʿһӵкϵʿһή١ֻһˡ
䡭
һ죬ηˣǿҵĲΪϵʿ̫ˡ˳սȦҹδҲͣϵͬʮ־衣
ʿ䱸ʿҪڣȴؽһڵ
ҹѣɷһ˵
ҹδͷؽܱžŹ˵ķȥҹδһؽܲУһϵ˺档һ˺棬㶵ؿԶȥʿȻ֪ʲô飬һ
ԶȥǧؽܲſڵǾŹ˶㷢սΪʲôӦսȥ壿
ҹδа˵ҲǾŹ
ǿȻô˵ǵڣҶɽٵʱΧɱҵʿҲ塣ܲɱ˾Ź˵ʿŹŹʿɣ
˵ˣɱ̫࣬ʧȥƽ⣬ʵԱУֵǿⲻ֮
ؽܵȺϵʿʮָӣοҲŭ
οǣҹδ뻹ŴֹۣܹΪ롣ŭǣҹδûаѾŹ˷ҹδ˵ȥ壬ǲɱ̫塣
ʲô˼
Щϵӣɱ£
ؽҲˣҹѵ˼Ź˺㵥£
ٺ١ҹδһֵƽ𣿡
Ȼ㷢սȻƽ
аɣǺϵأǹƽսֻҪǺϵأŹ٣ҽӶ١
⡭ؽһ죺ⲻʡ
㲻˵Ҫƽһս𣿡
ǡؽܽһҧɴ಻Ҫˣúͬʿ㵥Ĳƽ

ҹδЦҲ¼ŭŹˡڵΪǲЩҪסҲôףϷЩ˸ס̬ȷǳǿơҲˡҪӮþŹ˵ЭΨһĵ·ǿƣЭ
ҹδĴЦں̬ʮϵʿɫʮѿֲòǿ԰еķŭҷ֪κҹδ棬һԺ¾ҹδ뿪ʼɱǵʱǶ뿪Źɽˣֻܹȡůû
ҹδΪڲϵУǶھŹˣȵҹδͻƵϵԲضϾŹˣǸʱô죿
㶼ûеط㡣
ԣҲҷȻҲҹδȻ̬ǿƣҲûֵ飬ǵͷΧڡ
ҹδҲִ֪磬ܰЩ˱ƼˣЦһյصѾʲôǹƽϵأ
⡭ؽ죬аϵغǲ
ôŹ˵ĺϵضҺҴѵҪϵأ
Ȼְ˰ֵȲ˵ϵأսĿʲô
мƻؽ̿ڵӮˣҲɱ㡭
ҹδбؽɫһ죬Ҳ֪£ҹδ벻ûпܣҪɱҹδ룬ûпܡҹδʱ뿪
ӮˣҪŹˣҽĹӮˣ㽨ţҪ֮ǰ˵Щ
ҹδ뵱ҡͷ̫ˡø߳ҾʿҵԭͲƽȻҪҹǵô󣿡
Ӯˡ
ô¶ҲҪˡҾͺǴ򣬷ҲץңҵΪܻġ
ҹδտڲˡевҶóҹδΪﵽϵԲǸʱͲǷͬҹδ뽨ˡҹδǷǾŹˡ
Ūҹδ룬ȴûаա
ҪΣؽɫࡣ
ҹδɣҲʲôע͵ĵҺ㵥ˣ̸
ؽ𾪣û뵽ҹδֱŹǵһֵ
Ƿ
ˣڵҹδ벻ԼĶ֣ȴҪԼǰչʵںԼŹǵһսУֵ÷ǳףƱػԼ;ŹеĺϵʿɵǸʱ̸еľƻҹδб
Ҳ˽һҹδʵΪֹǶҹδʵû˿˽⡣һû˽⣬ơֻ˽˶֣ܹƶƻͷ
ã㲻
ҹδȻʧЦȻá
ǡڣ
ã
ؽڰ֣ǼʮϵʿΪҹδģûΧһȦΧۣǾһ˵Զ
ҹδؽԶ
ҹδΪһɫؽҲһС
룡
룡
˲սҹδԼģΪͻһ㣬иƶԼѾܹͺϵһսԷǺϵԲԼҲֻ·磬ΣգҲΣա
ԣؽսĿиںսѾоԷѹҲؽܸѹոպã㳬ԼܵѹԼ뿪
䡭
ؽɫܺڣںռϷ硣ҹδ뵽ĿǰΪֹֻʩչͨ
һֵ̤ǲһи
̤ǲǿ죬쳣ؽܵĵͨѻҹδ롣ҹδؽܵĲҲΪ壬ȻԼҲ޼ҹδܵҲʮּмβͱԷͨСʵ
صѣҵĲ̤ǲĲʲô
ؽܶҹδĲͬΪ壺ҵĲժǲڰ׹ͨʲô
и
䡭
һ߼һ̸߽û˿ͱ˴˵ܡ
ߵ
ǣ
Ǹոմͨɣ
ԣ
ؽоһ̾ҵĥʯˡ
ҹδ벻ǳˡؽҲøҡҹδҲʼʮרע
˫ս˴죬ɫѾûаĵģҹδͨļսȷһ
ҪһĿǰ˵ѡһ㲻ʩչиڵиѾ˽ΪʵĻԣҹδȷ˷ȷרи
ڵиֻɵĺڰӰֻҪڰӰʵʻضὫܷ


949 Э
䡭
ؽܵĹǧ򻯣ǾŹĴУÿһܾͨˡҹδ뼴̤ǲҲʼرǱһλԷͨԵ塣ǱѾԽ˺ϵﵽ˺ϵ֮ϣֻһͻҹδˡǺϵԲͷŵͨ
ԭͨҹδ壬ؽܾһϲǲţõǿͨȻֻҹδ΢ơ
ıǿ
ôܣ
Ǻϵ֮ϵıͶȡôģ
䡭
ҹδÿնһڰӵķӰʼرŨʵʻתؽܿʼɵ
ԭиؽ̫ܲɵ
ս˴죬ҹδؽܵսʽȫͬ
ҹδؽܵĹȡķʽǶ㣬̤ǲ㣬ֱӲӶԷͨؽܶиȴͨӲӣֱӺ顣
ͿؽܵĻʵҪҹδ߳٣ҹδҲһԼΪͻƵϵأڻʵҲԷϾһϵڵĹؿֻҪԼͻƺϵڣֻǺϵأԼĻʵԿѹԷ
ؽڳģԼȡֱӺҹδиķʽἫ̺ҹδľ룬ԼͷͨƵвߡҹδ벻òѹեԼǱΪƵͷиһҹδʮ־޴󡣶Լռƣһҹδ롣
ԼĺϵԲҹδǺϵأƴģҹδ벻Ƕ֡һҹδĵһ̶ȣԼûնɱҹδĻᡣ
ǡ
ʱƣҹδͷŵиغڰŨҹʱ֣ҪԷиʼ
һ͸ʱҹδÿһննһƬڰ׷ʵʡ
ؽܹԷиǽѾͬ
֮ǰһܹͨиԼͨĺ٣ܹͨԵҹδ빥ȥҹδʮǱѾ˼˵ԭ
أ
һܹͨиͷŵͨҲ֮顣Ҫҹδ룬ͱٴͷͨҹδв
ҹδȻˣٶܣǺؽܶԹһӼ
䡭
ңмײͣر飬ռʶ˿˿顣ҹδ۾΢΢һУһսи̶ֳȣѾﵽ˼ޣ֮ҪʱȥȻٽһʱ޷ˡ
ⳡս䣬Ҫ;Ź̸УҲ·磬öԷռԼıˣöԷʶԼʵöԷԼأܹܶԷܹɱԷҹδҲ⡣
˵˲ԼҪβܹܶԷնɱԷ
Ҳûлᡣ
ԷĻʵԼԼҲгԷĵط
һǱ壬ԼıѾﵽ˺ϵ֮ϵԲ磬ƾ壬ȫѹԷҲǶԷͨԼԼȴֻ˵ԭ
ͱڣ˫ͨ뱬ѣͨѵܣڱ֮󣬱ˣؽҲҴԼԣֻǻˣԼܵ𡣵ԼѵͨԻԷ벻ﵽͻϮĿġ
ڶƣԼǷʥԲһͷŷܱ൱ںϵԲڶԷûϵ£Էˡ
ˣ
ԼзͶ䡣
䡭
˫ͨϵ֮䱬ѡڱѵһɲǣڱ˫ߡ
䡭
һͨѣһ˲䣬ҹδʶ˲䴥ͬʱͷųĻŶԷ˹ȥ
䡭
һִѸؽܵͷϣеؽܺĶβȣ·׹ɣؽܵ˲䣬ҹδѾһͷ˫ͨײ֮УǸʱͨѾ飬ԼҹδһȥϵĻˣŰҹδ塣
Ļһ£˵Ļܹͨײܣǵסôһ˲ҹδͿҪײַΧرѾ˱ѵģķΧµܺҹδϣϵ֮ԲıֵܣѾ˳ȥ˲Ѿؽܵǰ˳ȥ
ؽܴ󾪣ʵû뵽ҹδͻȻǰ֮䣬γһܣֻǽܻûȫγɣѾ
䡭
ؽܱ˳ȥԭѾˣʱƸأۿҹδֳµժǲкȵ
䣡
ҹδЩź֪ԼͣͻһںϵʿΧ
Χǲ£ԼߡⲻĿģĿȡýŵȨͣؽܡ
ʱؽͷ׺õǺϵԲԪһתָ֮ǰģֻɫ԰ף˲ᡣҹδͣһҹδ빰ֵ
ҹѿͻ˷ʥ
ǣҹδͷ
ؽ̾Ϣһҹδûа취ˡ
ͻƷʥǺϵأòƻںϵ֮ϣѾԼˡԼҹδķʥ֮ǰǰǱҲûսʤҹδ˿ա
ԷſķΧɱ̸ֻܹˡ
ҹѣȥ̸
ã
ҹδɴöؽܺЩϵʿȣ˽ֱؽ̲סʵ
ҹѣͲڴ֮ı
ҹδ뵭Ȼص˵ڴڲ󷨽ƣ

ҹδȴǵȻЦصѣҲͨ󷨽ƣȻټ
˵ҹδһ󷨽κεң
ؽܱһ̾ҹѷģڲû󷨽ơ
ţҹδͷ
ţؽܾȡ
ţţҹδȻʧЦŹ˼ºϵʿҪ󷨽ƣŹҲͲҪˡ
ǺǡؽܺںϵεЦ˼ҲЦȥʵΡ
ڳһؽЩεҹѣǿͬ㽨ţ֮ǰҪҪ£Ҫд㽨ڹϡ
ɣҹδͷ
ؽܼ˵һеʿٿţһ飬㽨ҪɱŵǸʿݻǸţҪϷϽƷʯŹˡ
ɣҹδûԥӦҲû̸ȥĿˡ
ڶʿͻƺϵʸšű;ŹһǸʿŴݻ١
ɣ
ҪŹˣԺŹʲôжҲμӡ
ɣҹδͷҪǾŹ˵ȫжȫжֻѡţȨܾ
ؽ˼Ƭ̣ͷɣ
ȻֵŹ˳㣬ͬ㽨ţΪŹǵһԱܵóһͶ״ɣ
ҹδ붨ؽܣһ˿ؽܺںϵһ졣ҹδĹֲǿơ
ʵһУҹδȭͷҲֻܹ޵ѣҹδ벻ͬ⣬Ҳûа취ʱҹδ¶г̰֮⣬ȴҲȻҹδǾʹ˾ѣҲ°
ΪҹδŽǸɱı졣ǱţֻҪԺ䵥Ϳܱɱؽܶɱˣʲô
ҹδӴָȡһӸؽܵͶ״
ؽʶһ̽ȻЩԻ̧ͷҹδ룺һͼ
ԣӦܲĵͼ
ؽܺںϵɫһ䣺ģ
ȥ֪ˣҹδ뵭˵ôĺϵݻ˵ܲ練ơλϵûôǿʵ
ؽܵȻ֪λϵʵǿΪѧľڵĴУҹδԼĹвɿϲ
˺ҹδ벻ͬҹδûΣŹǵ飬˾ǾŹǵһŶŶ˺ϵ̴ݻˣеĺϵʿˣǲĴ鷳ҹδ빰ֵ
лл
ҹδ뺬ЦͶ״ɹ

ؽܹϵͷĹˣͶ״ҹδĹˣҪõҹδĹҲδؾ͵ҪǿȵֶΡҹδ벻Ҫ
Ҫţͱͽɣ
ԼԼĺ󱲽ҹδţѧɣ
ôҹδͻȻڵҵͶ״óˣŹҲõɣ
Źںϵɫһ㣬̶С
ҹδȻû׵˵ǻе˼ȴס
ҽҴģǿԲͬԣ
ڸӣһͶ״Ҳó⡣ƽƽģҵ泼ǾŹˡ
ؽһƽһҪʲô
ѾûˡͰڵĵ̸ҽŰɡ


950 
ؽԥһ£Ȼڵ˸ȡһգΪķϵأǱûŨҲС￪ɵġҲһءôҹδˣ
ҹδҪҵһӵĵطɲˣռˡپܾҹδˡˣ˾͸˰ɡôһûĵطҲʡҹδȥŵ⣬ҹδͣظɵһţû˻ᷢ֡Ȼռûܹ˵ʲôͷ
ɣ
ҹδҾȥˣŲҪѾռˣҵðǸߡ
ҹѣ㲻һȥݻܲ𣿡
ҾͲȥˡУϣŹ˷һ棬£ѾңǨߣʡҴɱ䡣
ؽǳ鴤һµû⣬ǻԾŹ˵ݷ棬ͬʱҲṫ㽨ŵ
ҹδ뿪ˡֱڡ
ŹҲѸٵͨѶ̽淢ȥʱ䣬žͶ֪˹ݣһʱ䣬Ҳ֪ڣͨ¡
ʮ
ҹδڣվڿ·ȥһƬ棬ԭʤյ̨ͤ¥лųɶˣˡ
ڵûһˣҪŵʿڵõͨµĹ֮һҴҶˣҹδɱǸɱˡ
⵹ǸҹδʡҹδҲɱ˾Ź˵ͨ£شĸǻܿ
Ȳɡ
ΧŹĵתһȦȻ㿪ʼ
ȻҲҪ̫˵ĻȻǷȻɱ󣬾ȻҲҪźţź֮ҲҪ󷨡
ǣѲҹδ룬ֻ˷ʱˡеӰ죬ӰҹδʮڣҹδΪˣΪûʱ
ڵĵ̿ɱڴ̫ˣȫ޷ȡڵĴȻķѵʱҲá
ҹδ뿪ʼڿзɣһ߷ɣһƵƵŵץȡΪԭŴģֻǱ˸ˡܶˡҹδҪЩƻԼ󡣶ЩõĿãĿȡϣܹڵĲϿɶǺòϡҹδ벻һˣԺҪˣ˷ѡ
ȡЩõĻͺķҹδһµʱ䣬Ȼҹδ뿪ʼѰһػػԭڵ֮ҲڡڶΪķ棬ǵػڡ
ҹδ뿪ʼ
ϴԼϵڲˡҪơ
ȱϣҴץȡеĻܹáˣҹδһ£ҪеɣҲҪʱ䡣
ưɡ

ҹδ룬̧ͷԶȥӰ߷ҹδ룬㼤ĺ
δ룡
ҹδһӵһߣվ磬ĸ硣
ž۰ԡ
ռҪˣ
ţ
ž۰ԷǳˣܣŹĵ̣̫ˡ֮ˡ
磡ҹδ˸žϲĿ⣺Ҫͻƺϵˣ
Ҫʱ䣡žҲʮָˣҵ˷Ѿһ˿ϵ
̫ˣĸأ
Ҫûһ˿ϵҲ˷򡣡۰˷ܵ˵ǴҸĹ
ô
ҹδһ϶ܣͬԼһ
ˣԼĺϵԸ磬ܸܲһ¡
磡ҹδȡһݸ˴磺Ĺ㿴
ãžӹɣʱ䣬Ž
ã
ҹδ뿪ʼž۰Ը
ڣǺҡȸˡȻҲûǰʣµ˶ˡȸһϢŹ˴ݻ˵ϳλˡ
ҹδͣž䣬۰ԣȸҡǺټǰ
λҪｨڡ
˵ͷܹ뵽˼ҹδģȻҪｨڡ
ҹδѾͻƺϵҲ˵߽ϵĴţҹδСЩҪϵϣͼҹδϡ
ܾܾ
ܣ
һԼѧҹδĺϵǾʵϵʦͽϵ̳ҹδĴСǻʲôԼţ
ｫɽͷ᲻ϵؽɽǰｫɽĴеء
˵ͷҹδȡǸǼʷ۵һɽɣӸѡһЩ콾ǼΣأҪͬĽ
ãžͷѡĹʲô³̣
ɣҪסѡʿǾŹڵһӣﲻģͷġȻŹͬҽţǿŸָĴѹųҳֵɱ¾
ܷ㣬ΪԴԴϵؽɽʿͷ㿴һӡǼ縺ĵӺء
ԣҪ
ǣʿصͷʶأ뱣һŹġ
ڶѡһЩΪǿġ츳ġҪǿһЩʿؾ档
ף
ȥɡ
ҹ
žһˣǼʷ뿪ˡҹδ뽫ǰشǡһǳ岿ľˮ徭
ҹδž뿪֮󣬼ڼҲоŹǱʿǰѯǷͽҲʿǰͶҹδһʯֱдţڲͽҲʿ顣
Щ˵Ҳû˵ʲôΪĿ֮һƬ棬˼Ŷûнʲô
ҲʿвԪǰҹδ뽨ţҹδּһʯʮֱӵؾܾ˵İ
Щʵʵ뿪ˣûоһ䱧ԹûС
ⲻǷϻ
ʹ˵ҹδɱԣ˭ң
ȻԶ䣬˵ˡ
Źˡ
ЩӴҺܿģΪڽˣ㻹©֮㣬ҲҪˡŹǲһҹҹδҲ˵ˡ
ҹδʯǿӲؾܾͽʿİæ
ŹЩʿĸǻϼһ
ֻ΢˼һ£ҹδ˼
˼ǲͽڲͽҲʿǻԪԲ
밡ھͽˡЩ˱ض𽥵سΪڵмҹδһܹԼļˣ
ÿһζҪʱ䡣һҹδʿھͻᱻԵҹδˣǷˡھͲҹδˣ˵ҹδˡЩʿĺһЩֱն˺ҹδϵԺҹδļʿҲŹˡ
ҹδɵ˲Żô
ǣҹδԾŹҲкô
һڻᷢչҹδûԾŹˡ
ˣŹ˵ǿĽڡ
ʱ䣬ҹδŽеɣȻ㿪ʼ󷨡һ󷨲ʱЩҹδԤƣ˶ʮ֮꣬ǰܹ꣬ʮꡣ
ڼ䣬ŶĺҹһҲͨѶ̺ҹδϵҹδǸԷչҪԼȽڽ֮󣬻ǽӴ
󷨣ҹδ㿪ʼͶǰǰͶʮڵŨѾԽ֮ǰڡ
ҹδѡһɽ壬ʼɽ壬ԼһɽϸһЩ̨ͤ¥л˱ȥꡣ
ˣ
ʮ꣬ҹδΪûʲôԪ˵ʮֻǵָһӼ䡣
һԼķʣ޼ҹδ벻ˣЩԼķڣڷкôԼѾھŹˣԹˡųԪ
Ǿɡ
ҹδվδۣȥ
ԼɽΪδ塣
ŹĽûһ˼һ£žǻҲҪʱ䣬ôĽ򣬾ôţǲ˷ѣ
鿴ԼղأŴĸָĲҩӣЩеͨģеڸ߼ģеģϡġ
ЩһһĴռģһڷֲĲҩǧ겻ϵؽѣɵӡ
ֱǺ
ȥɡ
ҹδ벻԰ֲôӣûҲǧǵð
ԣҹδڿķɣȻһһѵȥÿһӶһ׽¡

ҹδչˣһһڼ鿴һԼʶʼ¶ѾһˣǺɵĵõǲ࣬ԼڵΪҹδоԼϵԲɵϿҲĵһ롣
ö
ҴҰȥ
ҹδͻƵ˺ϵأ˺ϵ۷塣ԪתٶȷˡΪûתֻоų壬ʶתﵽ˰˳ɶ


951 ʿ
ҹδûȥҲѰͻơһ꣬ˡ

ҹδ뿪ʼָ
뿪ԼĶڵһƬҰ
ΪľŹĴ֮һڣĺܴ󣬸οҹδ뽨ڵʱ򣬸ɴְѵ˽һԣɽȵȸֵò
ϣ
ҹδ뿪ʼָ
ָѾһֺڰ׷ĳ̶ȣѾﵽļޣҹδҪͻޡҲҵ˷
޵һΣ
Ҫָγһˣܹ˽뵽ԼС
λѵʱãȥҹδڽָ
ָ򣬽֮Уõʱʱ̵̿شָϣҲ˵ʱʱ̵ָ̿Ĺ
ָԭǿ󣬸οҪʱʱ̴̿Ǹλã
ҹδܸˣԼһֶΣԼ˿о磬ȴûϵͨεľء
ھˣֶˣھŹҹδΪԼѾվڶˡؽλŹǵһ֣ԼֶΣֻϵֶΣӮȴҲܲˡԼͻ˺ϵأϵڣƱؽҲԼĶ֡
һֳ嶯Ҫȥؽдһ£סͷ׼ԼΪͻƵϵأȥؽд衣
ڵһԽ飬ҪΪԼһ
ԼȻϾǽʼľǽҪԼһ
ҹδ뿪ڣʼ£ѰϡĿʯԼ̽żѰңǹһһռһ̻ԼռˣҲķ˶ٶʱ䣬ӵеģŴ˲ϡ
ҹδֻ˴ǮǼʷۣ׼žǻԼ֯һǼʽӣٷɽ磬һʿ
ڣڼž
ڱ֣ǾŹһܹƵġûܹ롣Ȼ֮ҲʼŴҲһЩʿǰҪڡһֱɽЩеȥеĵڴ˵š
ҹδȻǣȻؽ뵽ڡĿһֳϲɫ
ٶȥҹδǧӣڶҩģٶʱ䡣ЩϡĲҩӡЩͨҩиƷҩǳˣӣӵ䣬ֳɲҩرͨҩ֪˶ٻˡڴʱͬһ޴ҩ԰ïʢĲҩ
ɽҰͨҩҲֵ޴Ϊ̫ˡ
ôŰɡȴǻõǸɰɡ
ҹδ뿪ʼԼһ
ƵٶȷǳڳԼܷƳһ൱ıҲƳһ
ǽʧġ
꣬ƳһѾʮֽӽˣΨһĲû顣
ҹδҡҡͷ̾ϢһеҲû̫ʧ䣬ֱӸΪδ뽣Ȼδ뽣սʶ
һ£žǿˣʮҵʱ䡣ʱչҲ򲻳ʲô룬һ뿪ڣȥ޼ǲ󣬿ʼһĲ顣ʮʱ䣬ŽеĴк͵ꡣȻصڣֿʼԼеĸִиƳ
ֹȥ˲ʮ꣬ҹδ˸ִеĸƣҲй䣬ԼţҪԼϤһ
һ䣬Ǹ˲ٵľϲ
ͻϮΪľǲ󣬶ĵطûйעҲûʱעԣﻹЩصؾûб֡ҹδһ˳һЩؾһŵķչżĸãҹδ´øˡ
һա
йҹδȻʧԭأһ̣Ѿ֮ĸ߿֮УȥԼϤǼʷ·
ʱܱߵЩҲ˷ۣһϢ˳ȥ
ҹδ뽫󷨴һӣǼʷڡ
ž˳Ȼʿشܡž䣬Ǻ˿ɽҰĲҩҲȵŴͣ
ǣ
ҹδЦ뿪֮ҰϴŵӶȥȻٶȥͳӡ
⡭˰
ݼ
ʿҹδ°ݡ
ҹδĿɨȥϵĸӦһӾ͸ӦЩʿΪɫһ㣺
⡭ôûܵʿ
žЦǰŹǵ;УЩ˲ʱָǣЩܵͻˡ
ҹδȻǼʷ۵ٶȣɽǰŹǣҲҪ꣬ЩʿЩԪһʱЩԪ̣Ȼͻˡ
ȻٿЩʿһЩͻƵϢûȫǸոͻûм¡
ţȻʿûлԪҲԪˣԪȷˣҲǸոͻƲá
ҹδиˣԼδ壬̫࣬ҾͶϯضЩ˽ΪڿδĵһЩţҲбҪ֪ѯһɽ״֮ž俴ҹδ
ǴУҲҲеĸʿҲ˴Ƶĸֲϣô
ǺЦŵ⼸ٸˣɽҰĲҩ͹ȥģò˵áǲǿɽͽ
ҹδҡҡͷģ֮ǰǻɽ˻Ϊûʱ䣬Ҫﲼ󣬽ȱ
˾ǵͷѾ˴һһ㣬Ҳֻҹδִܹ󡣶ҶͶѾΪʥء
ûҹδ벼󣬰ķϽ꣬ͱ߰˸ռˡ
Ŵ֣ɽһˣٴһʿǱɽʿΪڵĹǸ̫ľŹǱʿڽЩɽʿбĿԡǽɽ磬ˣҲǾͻ˺ɽĹϵڽɽûһ˿ϵ
žɫһ䣬ֻǼڽڱǿҹδѣȻǷӦ˹׷׹ֵ
ס
лָ㡣
ҹδڰֵǼʷۣһңңԺһӣؾŹǺɽ磬ǾҲһ·ӡ
ҹδǼʷۣһ࣬ҹδö฻У
ģڼɽǾҲȥˣҲǷɽ״̬ҸݹһŷɽУҲš
һȥ꣬ԼȻ󽫸ֿܽ´ȵȡԺҴ˻Ž
ã˵ͷ֮塣
֮ǰΪֻҹδһˣûһŵĿܽһŵĿܿɲǽٹǵˣθִµȵȣܹתٶˣȻȽܽ
Ǻܼ򵥣ƽԼĶϸܣԱţҪʱɣ
Ǻԡ
ҹδȡһָ˵ϵָװһռй͵ȻҲֲϵĵǽؾ֮󣬿ԽЩз롣ȻԺҪõЩУضҪŹ׵㣬ǾôˣһҪɽҾۿɣҵʺԼС
۾һرǾǺˣżڵȵˣ
ǺҲȡһָ˵ϵҲڵйһݣ׼Ĳ󡣡
ң˷׷óһָ
ЩУĿŹˡҹδǳˣ
ǽ֮ûбҪȥոɽҰĲҩǿԼĶһҩ԰ԸʲôȥֲһЩԺʿ࣬ЩҩܻᱻժģǸʱҲὨҩ԰ˡڲҪ˷Ǹʱ䣬Ҫ
ЩҪǶʿ˵ģǺǸ˵һἱȥ
ʿҹδĿ׷׵ͷԸ
ҹδջĿ⣬˵ҪһƽʱӪšԭȵų֮󣬲ҪΪߵʿΣֻҪһӪǿ˵ξͿԡǳҪһΪǿġԣôѡһڽӪš
ž䣬Ǻҡ۰ԣȸһֳܾ֮ɫһǻԪԲͻƺϵ˭θŰʱ;
ҹδ뻰е˼ԣҹδ뵱һ˦ƿأ϶ѹڸϡ
˵ɫҹδҲΣЩ˵磬ǧţţ˭ʲôľϵš룬
ɣɽ⼸꣬Ҳʲô顣ΨһʱͲҪţʲô£顣
áã˷׷׵ͷ


952 ٶȰݷþŹ
ҹδ˵˭ͻ˺ϵ˭͵θȵڶͻƺϵһ˾жΣɵڶϵθԴƣɷ񣿡
ɣַ׷׵ͷ
ְλ뿪֮ɡ
䣬ҹδȡһѴָڵϵЩǸԴһ£رСȻǵȽر⡣
ȸҲȡһѴָҲɽ˺ܶԴз
ãǴҹδ뽫ԼһѴָƵȸһѣȻһ꣬ʱ䣬ǺϵУʲô⣬ҲʱҡȻʿʲôϵĲ֮Ҳҡһ뿪
ʱ䣬ת˲
ڼžҹδ뿴һڣеʿչˡʧδ壬ǿշȥ
ܷġ
⼸ûڣ֪ڷɽʵϣڼ궼ûʲôûһʿ߾ŹǣҲΧˣоŹ˵ЩϵǵҹδڣŹˣ϶ҹδˣš
ҹδɵǿգȻ뵽֮УžŹȫȥ
ľ磬˰ʮʱ䣬ͷɽ硣
ҹδڰ֮ϣ·ȥ
һƬ١
һ룬İǰžǴٸ֣ɽ綥ʿˡ˿ȱȻһרֳ֮ơ
ҹδˣ
ɽ䶯ˡ
Դžڻʱİ꣬ҹδˡ
ҹδŲѡӵ鷳£齻ڡɽڣʾǵһš
£ĪҲӡ
ҹδһǴѡһʿζУҪ콾
ڶ£չĸԴⷽʢֵ̫࣬Ǯġҹδһָǿʼչ
ѡ콾һ鷳¶¶ҹδ漶ҪģǱ빫ƽɽ磬ҪѡΣûɲˡ
ҹδչĸֲϣһʱ׼ˡҹδЩԴ뿪ˡ뿪ǰиһ嵥ʯǰ嵥ϵĿ¼չԴҲɽʢ࣬ôֵǮġ
һչĲϡҹδҪȥǱõġ
Ͱ׷ѩһֱûŹǵڣˡȻˣҹδҲͲǱߵʿǰŹǡǱߵԴȴҪŻ죬߼۸ԴǱȴѰߡǱ߼۸Դҹδмֵߡ
ԣҹδ׼ɽڶһһڶչԴɽ糣ǶԾŹȴĶ
ҹδֱӡⷽ磬ֱһУԼչԴӷڵ˳ȻӸһǶһϡ
û˸ҹδ룬ΪҹδͷŵϢ˿־塣ЩԴǶǱҹδ뻹ƽף⻹ʲô
ԣԴӸֻǰʱ䣬ҹδ뿪ˡصɽ磬һЩԴڡȻҲ˴ھŹԴ׼ؾŹǡҲչҹδĵڶϵԴҹδ
ֹȥ꣬һڣҹδ̭ǧˣֻǧ綼еʿ뿪ɽ磬žŹǷȥ
󲿷ʿװ˷ҲųǼʷۣЩʿǼʷڣһ·ָǧʿޣҲЩʿΧޣĥ
ҹδûʲô¶ȱϵԱԵ̵Ϊ֡ղȱϵ֮µôһϵʿʱָ㣬Щʿǳɳܿ졣ȻҲд徳ʿЩʿ˷ڣڷڴ塣
Ǻܿûд徳ĵˣҹδָ㣬˴ҩҺЩӶǧѡģ츳ϼѣʱ䣬ʿһʣͻˡ
һζٶȥҹδǼʷۻص˾Źڡ
Ȼҹδˡ
뿪ٶ꣬ž˾Ȼȫͻ˺ϵȻںϵһأҲǺϵڵʵ
žҲˣҹδǧӣҸ콾ǧӣڿת
ңҲԪһ£ѡһӢĻԪҹδ붼λ͡
Ӣεĵһʱ䣬Ͱݼҹδ룬ٷɽꡣǧӳɳΪڵȻٿɽͽ
ҹδȻͬ⣬ڷɽ˰˰ٶ󣬼ɽ
ҹδҲչˣڴԼʱܹͻƵϵءȥսؽܣΪŹǵһ֡ΪǸʱٿɽͽ˿鷳
ͻƺϵ֮ž˵ٶԵؽΪûкɵϡкɵϵҹδ룬ҲоϾϵںϵڣһСĹؿ
ʱҴҹȥչеҹδҵһ˿ͨϵڵƿɶһ˿һ˿ɶٶȱȻ
ֹȥ˶ʮ꣬ҹδƿƿͻƵ˺ϵأ뵽ϵڡ
ҹδ˫ۣʱҪһƾеսʵԼľ硣
ûؽܸʺϵˡ
ҹδʶ˳ȥһɨžˡ
žѾͻƵ˺ϵأȴǺϵһأֻеһ۷壬еںڣڡ
ҹδ룬һȥŹˣۿԼؽܵսҲкôʶܿ죬˱δ塣
δ룡
ҹδѾȥ֮λֱСö࣬ٽʦ㶼ǡɴǶѧž۰ֱӳƺҹδ֡
磬ĸ磬λʦ
ҹδ֮ͻƵϵˡ
۾һҹδΪԽߣڣ˵ԽȫҲܹõҹδõָ㡣
δ룬Щط͸
ʡ
ʮʱ䣬ҹδ붼ڿ̳ʹɽжȹϵҲǧڵӡ
֮ǰʱ䣬ǧԭΪͻͽ
ǧٵӿǴɽʿѡ콾츳ԭ;ѡھŹŨ֮ڵؾԭǵΪϵ˽꣬ǧٵиûԪΪ͵Ҳ˻˻ϣʿУǻԪʿҲλ
ҹδʮ꽲Щʿ׷ͻƣԪʿﵽʮһλ˻ʿȫͻƵػ
ʮ꣬žͻƵϵغڣµʿҲȺͻƵϵسڡ
ҹδǧʿȥչȻžϵ뿪ڣǰŹˡ
ûֱӷŹˣͣͣɽˮзɱչľҲַͨʽ
˰һ˾Źˡ
Ź˻ʮѾؽžŹ˵ʿɽӭӡ
ؽ֪ǰҹδûаԾ
žŹ˱ضΧĴа̽ҹδ߸뿪ڲأǴ׵뿪˾ŹӦյϢ
ҹδ߸һ·ϸûԼ٣ں쳾¶ȻǴ¶٣Ź˱ضǵϸ·ߣȻܹҹδ߸˵ĿĵؾǵľŹˡ
ʱؽ̤Ʒ߸ˣֳһ˿ȡ
û뵽ھȻֳϵȻֻǺϵڣͬһţ˾ȡǧŹеţҲͳʮһϵҹδϢøˡ
Ӧͻˡֻǲ֪ͻƵʲô磿
һ飬ҹδӭȥҹѣþò
صѣλѣ
ҹδҲЦؿڵ˫ؾһҹδ뽫ԼߵһһܣȻҽ뵽Ź´С
һʱ֮ؽܿڵϲֶλϵ
ҹδЦŰڰֵλԭͿںϵ֮ǰܾúܾãֻ̼ȱٴС˴УͻƲ֡
ؽܵͷͬҹδ˵Ժֺϵʿļʿ϶
ϵͻƵģ
Ҳλǰ̫ãһõ˴Уˮɵ˳ͻơ

ؽһʿǺ㿨ںϵǰʿ̫ˡڿɽͽϷſʿڻڼ̵ʱڣһϵʿԶŹˡ
ǡŹ˿ɾΣˣ
ȻҲûпɽͽǲԶɽͽǴǵļ˵ӹ
ã
ҹδϵǰŹˣƾҪɽͽˡˣбЩ
ҹѣǰк£
صѣͻƵϵأдһŶҲ÷ȻҲͬ
ؽһңȻ˳ɽͽ


953 
ܾܾ
ܣ
ؽҲҪҹδʵﵽʲô̶ȣ
ǣˬã
߳´֮ϣһںϵʿԶԶعۿţҹδؽԶ
룡
룡
ҹδһƵδ뽣кҹδ뵥סؽҲ˳˼ͬʱ˹
ҹδһնֱͷųָؽ˹ȥ
򣡡
ţʱ䣬Ȼ򣡡
ؽҲɵͷųǻĿ֮һƬҡɿգÿһƬ궼һ䵶
䡭
˵ײԶʿǾһȫû뵽һͷŴУû̽Ḷ́˲۷֮ս
͡
ָŻиȥܻα仯ʼմָķָϡ
ֻƬʱ䣬ָͽи䡣ؽܡ
ؽ̸о޴ΣϮοܡܣȴʼմָϡһ߽ԼĻС£ֵָһ߼Ҫָȥ
ȴԼѾȫѹƣ˲оԼܹһӣһ֮Լͻᱻָг롣
Ѱҷ̵ķʽһߵָһ߹۲ţš
ʱɿĹȥϵ·Ѿʪ͸оԼԽԽտں
䣡
ڰʧٴγҰ֮Сؽܳ³һĽٺҹδ빰ֵ

ã

ԶһںϵʿҲһǾŹ˵ĺϵžҲˡ
ҹδɱؽܣǾŹ˺ڱضսŹ˲Ը⣬ҲԸ⡣
ҹδ벢ûɱģɫػص˾Ź´СؽܺҹδһսڸԶʿۿҹδսʤؽܵϢͬһžŹǵĸѸٵشȥ
Źˣ´С
ؽܵһ˿ǣѸٵȥҹѣ⿪ɽͽ
ţҹδͷ
ؽܵһ˿ȻʲôʱɽͽҵҲȥΪ֮ء
ʮɣܵøʱ䣬ϢȥҲҪʿڵʱ䡣
׼ն٣
һ򡣡
ؽбһ࣬ʵһĲ࣬١ռ˵̣ʮӡ
ǣһӣյĶʿһǻԪԲأ
˵֮˵ּٸǧϵʿ
ҹѣڿɽͽʲô³̣
ޱǵӣǰпˣ¼ȡһӡһοɽͽֻʮµӡ

һؽܣЩϵʿҲһȻŷԼЩˣɫһ졣ʱҲӦ˹ҹδ벻ջԪʿǽھͱ֦Ҷǿľ档ҹδȻ鷢
ǣֻʮµĵӾû̫ˡЩŸֱŸ˼ڵѬ£Ҳὥڡ
ڲûʶӵֶΡ
صѣδһѯ
뽲
ǧ֮ǰŹ֮ʱԼÿǧ꣬һ˷ȥΪҴδ
ؽܱ̾ϢһѾǧδзˣҲһ̫ɣκҹһսҵһЩҵһЩҲڣһɽ硣
ҹδ۾һֵһҪδǰ񡣡
һؽܵͷҹѣҲǾŹ˵һԱδŹǻҪŹǵİס
ҹδͷصѣһֱо仰˵
뽲
ƲУ治ֻһŹӵкϵضԷֻûҵ
ؽܵͷҲѰҹһֱûҵҵ˾Źǡ֮󣬱һֱʿûʱ;ȥѰµ򡣡
ҹδĬȻƬ̵Ҿ÷ˡ
ˣؽһµδˣ
ƶһϵй򲻽ԾŹǱʿҲʿǳȥѰµӵкϵ򡣵ȻѰҵĹУҲֺܻܿᷢܶµ򣬻û棬ȴϡ
Ź˰չ״СƶߵĽǽϵһҲãҲգдʿǰȥããǼʣΪŹ˿أǾŹȷķչ
ȻֻǴԵһ飬صѾÿУҪܶϸϸ򡣷ܹˣܻµ˵
ؽ˼Ƭ̣⶯
⼸ǾŹ˵Ϸأʿ¾ջǳһˣǳһҹδ룿
ȡҹδļƻǽìܵǿյĿأصĹУضдʿ
ﾺҲûʲôáҶھŹ˵԰ȫ͡
ֻһӴļƻǿղС¡Ҫʱ飬ƶϸǿڵ
ҹѣ»ӳ顣
ҹδͷһ£˵ɡ
ؽǿյľضΪƶһԱ
ã
ҹδ߸ھŹ̻죬žҲ;Źʿд˼Ȼ߸˸ǡǻصڲãڱ˷ɽ״̬ɽŴ󿪣ʿʼֵڣһϢ¡
ʮڽɽͽֻʮ£ͽֻһ
Ź𶯡
ֻҪܹڣӵͻƺϵϣͽĹУûвǵһ
ɸʿһ·ʿھŹҲºģǵĺ˻ᡣûкͽʮҲü
ЩԪԪʿȻҲԹԣҲֻܹȴҲȥ¡
ңԶǼʡ
ԪǱӴܣԪ©ʿǲֻӳ˾ŹǣһҲͣͣǼзɣ¶˼꣬ҲͣΪǵֻӴܣûǼʷֻۣܹաٶȾ̫ˡ˼꣬ŹҪ׷ɱǣǼʷۣҲǼʱܹ׷ǡ
ǼʷۺɵĲ
ֻӵøԶȻѰһһȻټ֮ļƻ
ǡ
ԪͣǿһŴǣܴ󣬺ܴ󡭡
ǣһƬǲֹһûмŴǡŴǾͺͻȻƬС
ôܣ
ţ
Ԫɫһ㣬ֳ֮ɫ
Ŵڶ
ǳڶûʲôϡ棬𾪵ؿŴǶٶȷǳ졣ӾϿΪ̫޼ʣٶȷǳ֪ôһǣܹڶ˵ٶȼ졣
һ޴ǼʷһǼдС
ȥ
ԪͷҶǻԪԼҲźǿš
˵ˡ
ִδ飬еĺ治ͣҲǵĻԵأ
ȻҲõȫ׼ȻǿŴǷȥ
ǿŴǶķҲǡӭǣ˫ľܿӽȻ󡭡
ǿǿŴϱ鲼ĳӣָĳӣСаƴСʮﳤ
⡭
Ԫ־壬ոͣǿŴϷһƬ޼ʵƣǸǶ
ĳӻ۶ɡ
ԪͷӣǲһӾͱ޼ʵĳƸǡ
䡭
ԪʼͻΧɱĳӣǸĳӽǸǣѾֲ巽ͷĲӬһ㡣
˱ս󣬷ͷŵͨһɱȥ
ȻۿԼһͬ鱻ӸǣȻûʣ£·δйһˡ
˵һ˵ڶһʱʱ䣬Ԫʣ˵оǾͻȻһ˸
ش鱨֪һطǳϼꡣ
ˡ
ֻгȶĳֹͣ˹˰Χ棬һڲ
֣Ҫʲôһʿüȵ
Ҫš
ҪЩӾŹǵķλ

ԣ
ΪʲôԣŹǵĳˣɱˣնҺѣΪβԣ
ֻ֮
ŹǺγǵ壿ҪɱǣɱǣΪҵ˺ѱ𡣡
㲻Ҫɱ㡣
䡭
ʿȥʿֹ
ˡ
ǸԪʿ˵һߣЦţЦЦţһ˳
䡭
ɢ֮ǰǸʿѾʳһա
ˡ
ǿŴǷȥʿɫ԰׵رЮǿŴǷȥһֱ˴֮ϣһֻаﳤľ޴ʿ˳ӵǰǳªĳӣɸ


954 
ˡ
һƺڶǸĸ˵ʲôȻǸĸĿ̽һϸĴ̣һӱ̽ʿüġ
ʿɸȻһϢ֮ϸĴ˻ȥǸĸѾʿļ䡣һٴĺС
䡭
һȺʮﳤĳӿһ޴ĹƶǿŴǣžŹǵķȥ
Źǡ
ڽ֣״οɽͽӡǧʿæµ
ЩʿҪæдŹ˺͸ЩˣҪæſʮµĵӣһˡ
˵ݺûʲôͬҲʣԣ־ȵȷ档ֻҪĵ
ĵҹδƵһľ̽ʿǷģǱ˼
ջǲһٶ˼ĵӣȻûж⣬Ǹͽӵġ
ҹδҲֻǽЩͳȥûжʲô
ǿԤ飬ʣµЩˣĿǰȻûʲô˼δ˭Ҳұ֤
;Уջ̫ࡣ
һٶֲһٶձһӡ
ʱʮĿ˲ŽȻǴϯ
ЩߵһٶӣԲͬм壬ţЩŵļ֪ô¶ҹδ벻׷ҹδȣǿװƵɡ
ǣһĵزһҲľսСǼҹδɫƽͣȴҲ΢ġֱɢȥǷԼŻ߼壬ųһ
ҹδûа⵱һ¶ⶼԼŷչҲӣǱ֮С
κһŶ֪Լа̽ǣǷܹҳ
ڶһӣ΢һЩ
Щ飬ӢЩϵչء
ÿʼʼǧʿʼȡͬеĵŸְ׬ȡŹ׵㣬еĵδһµӵе뿪ȥڿʼһˡ
ʱҴҹȥ꣬ڵҲʼھŹϴ
һա
Ź˴ϢҹδǰŹˣͬ̽ǿյϸ
ҹδȻҪȥǶ嶼źô飬ҲδӵлȨλãܲȥ
ҹδ벢ûдžȺϵʿǰ˶ڱչءҹδҲԴڵ
Ź´Žա
һںϵڿϸ
Ȼ䣬ɫ䡣Ǹоռ𶯣𶯵ķǿա
䡭
űײһϵʿӴų˳Ȼʣɫ𾪵öЩŤҹδҲ⡣
ǿһŴǣǼǿ£ôһŴײھŹϣ¾ŹǶᱻײ飬ΪŹǺǿŴǴСࡣ
ಡ
ҹδǿշȥӭǿŴǡҪıǿŴǵĹ켣ǿŴײھŹϡ
ˡ
ǿǿŴϲӵʱЩҲҹδȼʮϵ˹
䡭
ҹδ̳֣ǳֵܿɲԪܹȵģƬƬĳӱ䱬ǸĳûΪؼǣǿŴžŹƶ
ؽܶһϵʿ̻صŹǣŹʿǰ
ǣ
ǸϵʿžŹǸȥؽܺҪɷߣסЩӡȴԮ
ҹδһͷŵһǿŴǵصѣЩԾ
ôԾ
ŴƺֱŹǣôģ
ؽɫһ㣬ҹδһΧŴתһȦضΡ
ã
ؽӦһںϵ㿪ʼΧŴɱ˳ȥȻ󡭡
ǾͿʮﳤĴӣƶǿŴǡ
ɱǣ
ؽһʵϲҹδЩϵʿľ޴ɱ˹ȥжףŴǽӽŹǣһӽŴϵĳŹǣǾһƽ١ֻɱЩӣܹŴʧȥ

һХӴϴȻͼǵĳӶЩϵǳѾǳˣͬһƬ½һײЩϵ
䡭
ҵսʼˣЩϵԼȻڲͣնɱƬƬĳӣȴٽһǡǷͨҲЩӵס䲻֮ϡ
սڳȻӾŹϷһʿܹǿյʿΪҲǻʱĻϵʿӾŹǷ˳ս֮С
޷ǣǸڿŹǡ
һ죬죬졭
˵ھ죬Щʮﳤĳֹͣ䣬ͣź;Źһ롣
ҹδɫˣͣ˵ЩӲûôײŹǵͷͬʱҲ룬ѾôϵĳŹǡ
أ
ʱǿռսѾû壬ѾƬƬĳӣͬһžŹȥ
ҹδʿһЩӣһ˻صŹǣþŹеʿ׼սͬʱҲӵзźͼȸΧʿ
ҹδؽܲսصѣ
ţ
ԾŹǵʵסⳡƽ٣Ҳ꣬ǧ֮󣬾ŹǾʹݲΪ˷档ҪԮ
Ԯ
ԣɣȻϸ򻹲ơóǵĳ⣬ЩʿȥǵԮǰԮԮǣԻƶ̽ǿƶĹ򡣡
ǻ𣿡ؽ޾ĳӣ
ģΪźϵĴСǿ޾ԮǲпսʤŴϵĳӡ
ؽܵͷԮһһҲҪʱ䣬Ǹʱ򣬲֪Źǻܹʣ¶ʿ
ֱ˺ã
䡭
սڼŬس溣ؽҲǹ֮ˣǲʿصŹˣͨ档
ȴûеŹǺǶԹѾãŹ˺ƽ٣֪ǷʿϻȥͨϢԮҹδҲؽɫȰ
£ɡ
ǰɡ
䡭
ԽԽʿգغһĳȺų©žŹȥ
ಡ
ӾŹϷǼʷۣûг溣ķڿնȥǼȥʿǼʷۣؽֳϣֻ֪Щʿһȥǻڼ󣬴Ԯ
ʼʿ溣ǣʳһա©ԽԽ󣬶ǴǾŹԽԽ
ͬǴֹͣžŹǿϵЩ޳治䣬ƶǡǴǺ;ŹǱһ룬ΧžŹת
ؽҡ
֪룬ѾôϵĳӸ嵽ŹϣԴǲͣˣ赲溣Ѿʧȥ塣

һ˷׷žŹǸȥͬһӣ˾Źɽ
Źɽɽ溣ûʱ䣬ŹɽͿˣ溣ڱΡ
䡭
˹ɱ¾֮ҫ񲻿ɵССĳӱʳ촷ۣǸĳӿͬʱҲĳ˾ŹϣžŹĴȥʼŹǡ
ƽˣ
Źɽϣҹδҵ˾ǺˣǵΧۼһЩ֮ϵڵʿҲŶģΧۼŴеʿҹһ˴ڵʿ
ҹδ뾶ֱžǰǳڳӲ̷࣬ڡ
žҲд⣬ЩϵʿˣڴʱʣһЩΪµĵӣǺǵġҲҹδ˵ڲĴҪȾŹǿ࣬Ͼҹδ벻ͨһʥڵĴ󱻹ƣŹ˵Ĵˡ
δ룬㣿
ҪңǾŹ˴ơҲܹɱһ·ֻžиˡ
ģǱضסš
ҹδͷȥɡ
žϵڵʿ˳ȥڵķɱȥ
ؽܵ˿ȴҲû˵ʲôҹδʱȴǸҹһǵ̷ڣڵ⣬ƺҲӻҲǡҲǿŹ󷨡
ҹһҲ̴뿪ʱǣвŵ߼峤뿪˭һӣȥηģ
ѵһ
ؽȻҾһɱ棬ֿҲɱ档һ𣬾ܹɱ
ҹδִŶģģ׼
Ŷı̾Ϣһص̻ɢأ޷Сһܻأ󷨲ߡ
ҹδҲ̾ϢԼûи̻᲼һ󷨡
ͻȻһ޼ǲһ֮أ֪ܷԳӰ죿
Ӱ죬ǿԵһ޼ǲĻ֮ء̴
֪޼ǲ𣿡
֪


955 ̽
ֱ̣޼ǲ׷ǡ
ã
Ŷ̴̻ɱ˳ȥ޼ǲķɱȥ;ʵ
᳤ȥĶ
ɱˣ᳤Ŷ
᳤оһ᳤ǵԭأһΣǿ˵᳤ǵ˺ܶࡣ
ҹδ뿪ˣֻ򲢲޼ǲ뿪֮ǰؽܴһкԼȥ̽һؽȻֵˣҹδСġ
ҹδ뿪һξ֮󣬱㻻·ߣŶ׷ȥӴϸĳӻ١ϾŹǷǳЩҪӵŹǸ䣬ǼʮܹġҹδʵһЩӣҲٶȣܿ׷Ŷġ
᳤Ŷļҹδ룬æҲæݼ᳤

ҹδ벻뱻ϳݣûҲû÷ǴЩʿһ·ɱ޼ǲ
ЩΪҲǻǽǧ˾һûгܹһ˿ٶȡǸոһȺӣһ㣬Ҳҹδһ
ҹδûڣ̻ھһǷֿΪÿطÿطĲͬ
ڲǿ󣬶һϵ±溣ΧҲǼܹƵġǿأλƺ֣δضܹҵ˵ȫĵط޼ǲҲõĻǵط죬һֲַͬķҲһطܹЧĵֵ溣յõȷĸЧʱǨҲ١
ҹδ˳޼ǲȻ۲޼ǲڳӵΧ֮һʲô״̬
һ뵽޼ǲ޼ǲ̱Ӱ죬̸оһɹ˼͵Լʶ֮С
޼ǲڵһҲƿ֮С
ʱ䵽ĳӲ࣬ûǳ֮ЩҲֿĴݺ幥ǳضɱҲгӽ뵽޼ǲЩӽ뵽޼ǲ󣬺ܵ˹Ӱ죬ȻʲôȴȥʳЩ鼮򡣵Щ鼮ܵԹ췴ȡЩӵʶЩӱˡȻЩʶԴԴϵҹδʶ
ҹδȻЩӹ鼮򣬱췴ǹ󡣶Щ鼮ܹ׵ĳȡЩӵʶȴҹδһ£ȻŷЩӵ㡣
ӵʶǳͣҹδ̲ס߳޼ǲͷ˵Ȼǵĳӣ˳۾㶼
֮أǳӵĿǡ
ҹδΪģ̻ص޼ǲ󣬶Ŷĵ֪ͨе̻Աǰ޼ǲƶ·ߣȻǷֳһСӣǰӭӡ
ǣ
ŶĺһЩȡѶ̣һֻϵȻ̶·ߡֳһСӣھŹϵĳӻ٣ɱ˳ȥӭͬ
ҹδϥһʶеʶЩʶǳһУľ
ӲʲôֻǿʳһжɳǾĺƽ٣߶ǼУһ򣬾ͻ῿ȥȻеʳһգľ֮˵Щ뿪֮ǿűǿʳ򣬾ͱһŷǡ
ǣǼеĹУǼ󣬺棬ЩȴǴ͸ҹδ롣
Ǽҹδ𺳣ͬʱҲرС
졭
һʶ͵ԽԽ࣬ҹδҲԽԽи򽥽˸
һ꣬꣬ꡭ
꣬ϵ̻˸뵽޼ǲ֮أĹ죬·һռ䣬ܽˣûӵ֮ࡣ
ʱ䣬̻ỹŵˣӽ޼ǲ󣬶ʱĴڣ޼ǲ⣬˳溣һ˴Щеˣе뿪
ҹδ۾˫̫֮ͼתȻ۵ס
Ϊûͻƣиȴͻơ
ڵиӵżὫ뵽̫֮Уָ̫ȥձи촷ۡ
һӵͬһڶһ㣬һ޷롣

ҹδ³һоʶ֪̫ͣĳӵļ䣬ԼҲһһʱ֮󣬱ųЩ
ҹδ룬һڻʣţ㿪ʼʶڵһбҹδΪʵʶؿ֮󣬻ָԭеĿ龳硣
ҹδ߳¥ŶĽе˸ǰŶǰʩ
ݼ᳤
̻˶׷׳ҹδʩ̬ΪҹδΪ᳤һôǰ¶棬ȻɴߣǴʱȴҶ𾴡
û뵽⴦֮أ᳤
᳤Ƕı£
ؼﻹܹӣ̻棬Լñ
𿴻᳤ƽʱƹ񣬵ǵ̻֮ʣû᳤档
ɡҹδ뵭˵
л᳤ֱĿƵҹδ롣
ҹδȡǸʶ˵ϣǷӭͬһ򳤵ϲơҹδ빴һµķƣӡǸ֮ϣȻŶĵ
᳤
ڣ
ͨ޼ǲˣǼȿչҲʱȥɱЩӡһĥһΪŹס
ǣ᳤Ҫ뿪
ţһиҪҪȥվͻ뿪
᳤ŵĳѾܶˡ
޷ͽˡϣǹͬŬ£ܹⳡƽ١
ǣ
ҹδڰ̧֣Ųȥһֱ͵ſڣҹδһ̤һпռ䣬пռ㱬飬㽫пռڵĳӽɱ촷ۡ
һһռ䣬һһɱҹδܿʧӰ
Źˡ
ҹδˣԶԶؿžŹˣŹ˴ɱһĳӻΪ촷ۡҹδ̤ӣĳӻش׹䣬Źڵؽܿһϲҹδߵǰѿһ϶ҹδһ˽ȥ˲£
´ڡ
ʮϵһҹδ뽲Լļţؽܵ˽žŹ߷顣Ȼҹδ΢΢üͷ
˱غΣաһ棬óŰŹǣûдֵľŹ壬ṥһЩƷߵĴ󣬸һźͼ塣һ棬ǾŹҲһֱȥ
Դ
һֱҪάָ֡ǿд֮£ĺܴ󡣻һֱΧԴҲΪ⡣ûԴΪҲ޷տ»
Ҳǳ࣬ؽܵҹѣֺγֻ֪ԾŹǵʵЩӵĶ֡ҲֻȲȡôĳӣȴԮ
ûԮأҹδ̾Ϣһǳ֮
ҹ֮أ
ҪԵиϸ˽⡣
ؽܳҹѵ˼ǣ
ҹδǵȥǿŴ̽̽ܳھŹݺᣬǶǿŴȴ㲻ǰһ֪
ڵĳֻǹ壬ȳԽԽ࣬ǻʳһӵĶȥŹǽΪһŷǡǽ˴ǣˣҲʱָܹġ
ҹڵĳʵǿҶƶǵĳӣǵʵǿô֮Ƿиǿĳӣ
УڲûнŹǣֻЩͨĳӽŹǣǶǵġ
֪ǣôĳӣȽĵò鲻࣬ٷǡǣܹͨļٳӵ
ǲ֪ЩӴӲѵɳŹǹҪ೤ʱ䣬Ҳ֪ÿԲٳӡǵļϳӵֻԼģ
Ǵ֮Ƿĸ棬ĸʲôʵ
ǷɱǸĸ棬Ǿܹӵĸ
Ǹĸڴϵĺδ
βܹնɱǸĸ棿
ⶼҪ˽ġ
֮һƬžÿ鶼ʮֳء֪ҹδ˵öԣǿŴǺ̽ģ
ҹδĿɨ˵׼ǰ̽һ£ܳɹҪԣһβɣΣΡţÿ̽飬µķ֡
ؽܵͷҺһȥ
Ҳȥںϵ
ҹδȴڰֵҺصȥͿˡȥΪɱ棬̽飬ܹӷá֣˵ʵҲܹӳ
ɫŲÿҹδ˵ǵʵƫƫʵˡȻ뵽ҹδȥ̽գʮ־塣һ̣ǵеʵؽҹδ룬˾ŹǱʿ
ؽҲ󷢣վǻʲôھȥ
ҹδͷǴǿŴǵһߣǿһȦӴǵı棬ȥ
ã


956 ĸ
ؽְ˾ŹһˣȻ뿪˾Źˣ˵Ϊɱһ·Ϣʱ䣬Զȥ˾ŹˣȻҹδؽܽ뵽֮ڣ֮˴ڳѾǸǣ˾Źǵһ档ؽֳ֮ɫ
ÿٶȣǼʷۻҪ졣
ҹδ뺬Цаӵùǵ׷ɱ
ؽͻȻڵǲȥһ˾Źһλ
ҹδһӣնɱһƬӣͷӦˡߡ
ٶȽ뵽žŹķȥ
պ
˳ھŹ⣬ȡϵ뵽Ź֮ڡŹ˵⣬쵱ͷ뿪˾Ź󣬽뵽ǿա
飬ԶǿȦ˴ǵı棬ʿڳΪҹδϡ
գ·ȥǿŴǣһ棬һƬʮﳤľ޳棬ֻǴʱЩ޳沢û¹ſ˵ϡ
߰ɣ
˿ʼΧŴǿʼУѰſĸĵص㡣
ûĸ治֪ҵһӻ֮أǵطͬһƬɽǧʱܼĳӴӻɽڷɳžŹǵķȥ
ڻɽܼĳӣЩҪȽ뵽ŹǵĳӴ󣬾ɽԽĵطԽ
Ŀɨӣ
ǻɽ
Ӧòǣֻ״ơûд֪ŨĻԪء
ҿǵĳ泲
˵ĸӦþ档
Ӧˡ
ֻǧҲ̫ˣ֪ĸ澿ںεأ
ʶ̽һ°ɡ
ʶ̽飬̻ᱻЩӷ֡
ؽܿڵҪҸ̽飬Ϊһ
ҹδһ̽ٶЩɣͳһ̽飬һңһ󡣡
ãֵס͸֪һ̳롣
ã
ˡ
ϵԲʿʶͬһȥʼɨص
𡭡
ϵЩ̱оʶĲ̧ͷҹδȻ˹
ҹδؽܺͳ֮ǰĿЩӿɲǽ뵽ŹǵЩӣ뵽ŹǵĳӣСаƴСҲһ˴СǳĳӣСҲһô
ŹϵʿѾˣЩԽʵԽǿ
Щӷɿıƽҹδ벢ûͷͨĿǰЩӵ˽⣬ӵʶǳСǿԵĹԵĹֻǲ֪ЩǲʵԽǿʶҲԽǿ
ǣ׵ģȻҪһԡ
ˡ
ҹδĵųĳ溣˹ȥǱڵĳ溣һ٣ȻŴ׹ȥͬڵĴ£γһٲŴǵ׹䡣
ʶȻǿĵطĵط
ҹδһȴûгʤֱ׷Ǳŵӵһ룬ҲܹʡԼʶ

֮ϴһŭĺСȻ㿴ĳȺ˹ҹδĵȻ֮ǰĳȺǿһЩҲֻҹδĵǰ˲ף㱻ɱŵ׹ȥ¡¡ڵϣ˲ĳӡ
ԽԽĳӳҳӵĸͷԽԽѾʼͬСɽһ㡣
ҹδҲ֮ǰǰɣһǰӣӴڵгʱ䣬ЩѾܹסĵ
ǣҹδάסûͷŵϾʶͱ˲ֻͬʶԪ񣬱Ǳؽܺͳ죬֪ǿٱ
һӵʱܿȥҹδѾ֪ɱ˶ٵĳӣѾʮľ޴ӿʼҹδ빥ʱؽͻȻڵ
ҵˣ
ҹδͳ켸ͬʱڵĸ棿
ԣؽܴ̫ˣ
ĿһȥɱǸĸ档
ҹѾΣؽʵ
ȥԣδ̾ͳҪ̽塣
ãؽܵͷ
ˡ
ؽܷѾҹδսʽʱҲͷųȻ·ȥҹδ˵δ뽣ͳһΪؽʰŲȱ
䡭
ͬһŵ׹䣬ǳȺǵأͬڳȺڳһͨһͷһɽڣȻ·ȥ
ʿ˵ǾŹΪߵһ·ϸûгȺֵܹؽܳ˵£ë
һĵ磬Ŀ֮ɽ

ǲɽһ֧֧޴ĳӡ
ҹδ˾ȵĲǾ޴ĳӣǹĵ硣
ǰѴǸڿ
ʱؽָ·Ѿһɽɾĸ档
䡭
ϵֻĸɱ˹ȥʱ鼤ܹɱǸĸ棬Ҳͽһƽ١
¡¡
һɽˣһ޴ĳӣǴ˷ϵ˹ϵҲͨĸɱȥ
ЩŹǿʿĶ֣
һֻֻ汻ɱϵϵرƽǸĸ棬ĳ̫ˣ˱ƽٶԽԽҲԽԽˡ
ͻȻǰЩ߷ֿʿвһݣס˽Ųǰȥ
ʱǶĳ溣Ѿֳֿһ··ľͷֻĸ棬оӰͬɽһĸ涯ˣ̧ͷ­ϵ
ҹδ˶ʱоһɾ޴Σ٣ȻǸĸſ졣
𡭡
װĺһִĹϵ˹
̫ˣ
˸ʩչԼͨҹδͷųĻǹײ˹ȥ
䡭
ͷŵķ飬һ˲ʱ䣬ҲͷųԵ
䡭
˵򲻶ϵҡǹԴԴϵغаӵʱ䡣
סˣ
ǣ˵ȴǼ󣬶ҲǸĸһνʱûǸĸĵ˳̶ȣҲûɱ溣ɱǸĸǰ

ҹδϺȵѸٵתͷȥҹδͷи򣬵ǰĳ溣𲻶ϵиϺͷųһƬܼĻ浶ն䣬ؽܾ֧Ԯͬһɱ溣

һĸĺУ˶һȻֲûƺֻЩӣһɣٶȸ졣
ɱ˻ɽ£ҹδиϷȥп·գųؽܽһţʧǿ֮С
Źˡ
´ڣѻȸ
ʱؽѾεľϸ˵һ飬ҿ϶ǾŹϵҲδܹɱǸĸ档
һǸĸ̫ǿһ棬ĸ̫൱ںϵʵľ޴ӡ
ҹѣؽܿҹδ㻹Ǻϵأ
ţҹδͷ
ɣؽ˼ŵЩϵԲʿڿʼչأܷ񴴳ΪǿͨûдﵽϵԲʿǱչԼΪȵҹѵΪͻƵϵأ֯һνеĺϵʿȥɱһֻĸ档
ҹδЦôͻƵģ
ؽҲЦҹѿбİ취
ĿҲڴϵһɱ¾ҹδıҲó壬֪ԼȻΪϳҹδ룬ʵȴҹδ롣ĽǿΪҹδʲô취
ҹδ룬ȥʿ˳վڴ֮⣬ҹδ̧ͷſеĴǵ
ŹǱһƽľ룬ʹǳٿ̶ײ
ҹδĿǿգѡһŽСǳȻƶǿСǳŴײȥͻƽ⣬ضײǿŴǡˣضܹ˺ǿŴǣ˵ĸϣֵģǿŴײþŹǽˣͻƽ⣬Ȼ˾Źǣ˴ĴǣײŹǣ¾ŹҲˡ
˾һ񣬷׷״ǿŴǡ۲һؽܵǿȽһŽСǳƵӵĴƽķȻײǣ˴Ǳ㲻῿ŹǣһԶŹǡǻһЩǳƬھŹϣⲻһ취
˵۾׷ۡ
ҿУ
ѰһСǳҲҪϣеʿȥƶ
δأҾõԪϵʿҲ͹ˡ
ܹƶһŽСǳײǿŴǣǲǾͷ𷴹
ǰһᡣ
ҹѾأؽҹδ롣
ҹδ˼Ƭ̵ȷʵһĻᣡ
ؽֵҹѿδʲô˵ʲôǴ顣
Ҿþʹ˷ǵʵ


957 ս
ؽҲصͷҪͽҺһ¡ȥǿ̽һ£һ׼ȻǱչأǣŹܱչصˣչء
꣬ʱ䣬жǸʱ򣬾ЩϵͻƣʿضһЩ
Щ̰
ǰҲûа취ôȥЩӶھŹǵƻ̫ˡ
Уͬ
ܹһԶƼǳײǣǲЧã
ôʿ
ҹδؽܣؽҹδ˼ҪȵȿǷǴԮдԮȫһʮǳײǿŴǡǣؽܻ̾Ϣһҹδ봫
δ룬֪˼ʿҪ꣬ǸʱľŹҲˡ
ҹδ벻֪ؽܵĻеҲ˽ģһʿǰæݶ飬û
ּһҹδ뿪˾Źˡ壬ҹδȥƺɽ̻޼ǲ󣬲˿ΣաžϵΣҪСһЩֻڣЩġ
ҹδܿڡһЩӻûзڣƺڱΣЩӼżзڵģҲᱻѸٽɱ
ҹδȻ뵽ڣŴʿеӵƣ֪ƺɽеļ壬ܱߵ壬뵽ڡ
ҹδȻţžԵÿտ࣬ڽеŵӶţøƺɽʿ뵽ԼĶУʶҹһҹ˹ҹһҹҹδ룬ʮָˣ
ݼʦ
ҹδҲûІ£Ź鶨˵һ飬Ȼ
ָһ꣬ȻȡڰͻƻԪ
лʦ
дϲǵԪڣʦָһ꣬ǾıչأڰͻƻԪ
ҴһȥҹδӣͻƻԪӦû⡣ԸȥչأϢ뿪ڣڡ
ʱѾյ˾Ź˵Ϣ֪˰֮Ҫ׼СײǣȴûбչأǶڵҹδ룬֪ҹδضԣǵǾȥɱ棬ɱĹУͨ
ҹδڵػصڣšڴʱϳʱ䣬̳ɽԵʿǺϵµģһǧʿ׶ԼĽĽʹɽҹδŰһǧӵΪһʵı仯
ʵϣһǧӣھϸѡϼѵĵӡյһӣΪҲ͡ϾʮȥˣΪҲϸ˵ӦٴοɽͽˡֻΪֵ飬ò֪ͣһʿΪҲ컨˵Ķ۶ľˡ
츳ܺãѣŴʿָ㣬㻹ͻƣűϳ
ҹδδרΪž䣬۰ԣǺȸҡ˿̳ʹɽ
ȥϵ׷ȥչءҹδ뿪ڣȥ޼ǲ
̻ЩʿҲûʵʵ޼ǲҲʱسȥɱ¾ӣʮʱ䣬һЩΪ͵ʿõͻƣЩΪߵʿȴûлͻơ
ԼĻ᳤ٴλһ̻ʿʮָˡȻһܷۣǳӵĹǻ᳤ĵĹǡ
ҹδ뿪ʼ֮󣬵ŶĻС¥ڣԴָ̤ϵľ飬ָһ꣬ŶȥܷͻƺϵͲҹδܹˣҹδĶѾˣܷͻƺϵֻܹԼ
ҹδ뿪ʼչˡ뿪Źˣɽʮ꣬ſʼԼıչء
δأҹδҲ֪ԼܷκƽлҪһЩӣҲԼĵͳ´У˲űʮꡣҽԼĵͳзֱڣں̻ᣬƽ֮£Ҳܹһ·
ҹδٴοʼ޼ǲ͹һɹʶ棬Щʶ涼Ǳɱĳӣȡǵʶγɡ
ʱ޿̵ضɱӣЩǿдеһĻĻ󣬶ҹδԺвϵ֡
ϥɹ𣬶ҹδİ̫ˡҹδֳܿ˹֮С
ҴҶʮꡣ
ҹδΪˮɵͻƵ˺ϵء磬ҹδҪͣˡΪʶǿȲˡ
Ԫת㹻ͻƺϵأΪﵽ˾ųʶתȴֻа˳ɰˡųɣͻƣﲻųɣҲ޷ͻƣӲ
ûбİ취ֻۡ
ʱҴţ֮ڻо꣬ȻõؽܵĴѶҹδжǲ鿴һԼ⼸ʮĿޣԪתﵽ˾ųɰˣʶתﵽ˰˳ɾţȴûдﵽųɡ
ҹδҲ٣֪ⲻһһ֣򼴳ɡǿޣð١
⻹ΪԼҷḻźܶʶתıͬţһ㡣
ȻȥŶġϲɫŶȻûͻƺϵȴѾһ˿ϵͻƺϵѾΪֻ֣ʱ⡣
Ŷһҹδ뿪޼ǲžŹ˷ȥ;мһƬ棬ǳӣҿʼǿĳӽھŹϡ
ҹδлҰ֪ȻŹ˺͸ż壬˴ʿкܶʿý뵽ż֮УΪżҲûôĵطǡ̫ڳڡ
ǣźܶΪǿĳӽپŹǣζЩɱ壬Ҳɱ˺ܶӣøΪǿĳӲòپŹǡ
ҹδһ·ɱ¾ȥҲҪԼͻƺϵ֮ʵ˶١
ûһ֮УЩǿĳҲҹδһСҹδ֪ٵŹϵĳӻǿģ˵㲻ǿһΪڴϣ͸Ϊǿĳӽ֡
һ·ɱ˾ŹˣؽܣüëһоؽܱЩͬǾ岻ͬĶȴ
ؽҲҹδɱ˾ŹǰȻϢ뵽ŹˣҲоϲ
δ룬ϵˣ
ţصѣҸоЩͬ
ؽܳЦҪˡ
ҹδ۾һͻˣ
Ҳͻƣֻһ˿ϵ֮ϵľ硣һһ˿ϾоϢоԼⷽ硣ϢһſʱͲòȥ
Ǻϵ֮ϣ
ǿؽֳһ˿ҹδεȴҡͷȴǲڸ¶ܺд衣ΪҾҪˡǷ֮ǰҪ
̧ͷ˿еĴǡ
ҹδͷаջɱǸĸ棿
֪ǰҪһЩģƶһײǣҲܳһϢйҾͷˡ
ҹδͷصնɱĸ棿
ǣɱĸǰ֮ǰҶܳ֡
ҹδͷǾͲһΰɡ
ؽܵɫҲδ룬˵ʵҲûնɱĸİաõĻᡭ
ףҹδͷǿʱڣһŹǱһǿ֮ˡ
лл⡣ܹɱǸĸ棬һƽҲǽˡҷ֮󣬾ŹǻҪϡ
Ҿ
ûɱĸ棬ǱĸɱˡǾͰˡ
ҹδϱֳ˿ɬȴҲ֪˵ʲôáؽȴǶҹδģ
δ룬ĹǿҲһ˿ϵ֮ϵǸʱ㣬ʵضǿʮǸʱضܹնɱĸ档ҲûʲôܹΪģұ㽫ںϵ֮ϵ˵
ҹδ붯ݣؽʩһ񣺡л
ؽҹδļҲǵΪһˣһ´̳ҵĵ˵кϵʿڴҸܹʲô̶ȣͿ˵ˡ
ҹδؽܴӺһʱ䣬ȻѶžϵºžϵ˾Źˡؽ̳ܿ
º
ؽܽ˽ȻʼѶˣ֣кϵʿչأ֮ǰĽ
ҹδչһ£ˡĶˣֻǶںϵ֮һƬʣûʲôҹδҲ٣ؽܽݶĬˣδδˡ
ֹȥ¡һգ㵽Լʱ䡣Ź˴Ŵ˵شŹǸڵĴӶ졣ϵʿ׷׸촦ۡ
žŰʮһ֮󣬱ӾŹǸأһӰֱǿաǧ֮
ܼĳ˻Щʿȴɱһ·ֱǿնȥ
Щ׷ǿգȴ۶ʿɱЩʿҲͣɱ׷ĳ֮󣬱Ǽȥ


958 ؽܷ
ĳ׷һ·Ͼ࣬һʿɱȵʿɵǼЩӱҲ׷ʿؽܷɣһֱ࣬ǰؽͣסָԶһСǵ
λǿСΣ
ȥȻ׷׵ͷСײǿŴǣǿŴķѣǿŴҲضǻԵĴ
ȻǿŴǱײķѣ˵ŹϣǶھŹ˵һƽ١СǣҲؽ˺þòҵὫײķѣҲܹײ÷ɳȥҶԴϵĳŻԵĴ
ʿ׷׵ͷؽҲϲһӣǾͿʼɡ
ʿ׷ǿСǷȥȻ˫ַ׷ǿСϣؽܷڸ߿գõͷһ꣬˱Ǹƶ
ռ𶯣ǿСǱǼУŴǵķ˹ȥ
ʱֻһ£ƶСȴ࣬һһȥڿǿŴǣؽܿʼָӷҲʼλãСǵλãȻֲϵػλãСǣײǿŴǡ
ԽԽһº˱оһᣬԼƶǿСѾΪǿŴǵǿŴײ˹ȥʿ׷׺ˣǿȥͬʱĿǿСǡ
СǳǵٶԽԽ죬պ¡һײǿŴϣʿ֮пȥǴ𳾱Ѿǵĵ棬ȫڱΡǱײԶ˾Źǡ
û˷ܣûлһţ˶ŵŴǵĳ
һ죬죬졭
¹ȥϵĳȫ£ʿܹǡ֮ϣƬƬʬ壬һĻɽ緢ҽŰͬĩյһ㡣
ǣųӻţһ١
¡¡
𶯣ѿһ޴ķ϶ͬſһŴ죬ĳӴ˳ؽĿǸ޴ѷ죬ĳԽԽǸĸˣһٶﳤ壬ͬһɽ
ؽɫһϲ
ĸϳײˣնɱĸʱ̡
ɱؽܺһȫŵϵֻĸ˹ȥ
ɱ˽ԺУÿʿν˾սĸԼΪÿʿжʮѾǾŹõһλᣬҲǾŹǿһΣؽܷˣʧȥһǿ
ҹδ֪ſռı仯ƺһڤڤʼؽܡ
Ƿ֮
ҹδ벻ڶԷһЩ־壬Ϊżһռ䣬ռų⵽˿ռ֮С֪ھŹߵķᱻ͵ȥ
ۿžҪڴ֮ϣҹδ˼ĿǸĸ档ؽܵǿ󣬵ȴؽܹɱǸĸ棬ǵǸĸǿԣؽһȥɱĸ棬ԣı˷򣬴Ǹĸȥ뷨ͬĻǿ߳죬Ҳһֱڹ۲졣ؽֱĸȥҲ˴ĸҹδ룬ı˷򣬴ұĸ˹ȥ

ĳӷ˺Уǧʿ˹սڱˡֻ˲䣬˫Źϵʿϳһ޴ĺĸķȥЩҲϳɺžŹʿײ˫ãмսһţ
ǣֽҲͳ˲ʮϢʱ䣬溣㿪ʼŹʿɱһ·ĸײȥ

һĺĸſ˴ڡһֱǧҵĹžŹʿײ
ʿ׷ͷͨǹײǹŹʿͷŵֽͨǹһ͸ײʿϣƬʿ˲仯Ϊ촷ۡ
һӰ߸Ծڹ֮⣬ĸ温ȥؽܣһͷųɹâգǧնǸĸ档
ǸĸȻ̧ͷĹҲɨ˸ؽܡؽͷŵĽâײâмʿؽܵξмʿķ϶зɿشУƽĸͷ­
ڼսʿɽĿǱߣ֪ⳡսĹؼ
ҹδͳȻӿٶȣһһңĸ档
Уؽܱƽٶȿʼɼᶨǰ
䡭
ʮֻ޴ʮﳤĳӣҹδͳ칥ȥҹδͳǰ
𡭡
һֳԭΣȻһצ˺һֻֻ޳棬ȻһϢһĸкȥ
ҹδһնָЩ޳汻֮УиɼʮΣŵȥ
䡭
ؽʿһιնĸͷϡ
ۣ
ĸͷؽпһӣǿȴҲǳӴʹʹ֮Уһؽײͬһŵһ㣬ǿռ䡣
͡
ҹδָĸϣĸиһӣĸתͷĹڿռɨʿɨΪ촷ۡδɨҹδ룬Ϣĸϣĸȼ
ҹδʱȴȫǺɨĹһĸ温壬һ߲ϵնиҾ㶼վͬһλãԼиĸϵǸ˿ڲϵؼӴ
ͬʱؽҲһθؽܴвĸ治òִҹδķȥ˸ؽܡ
ؽܻϢȣĹҲҹδͳڽĸ棬Ҳ֪ƾԼһ˵޷նɱڿĸûбı£ֶλĳӣֻ¹ܾ޴ֻҪԼסĸĹܹҹδͳѰһᡣ
ʱҹδͳҲĸֶεһҲĸҪĹܾӣܹôһǿĵһֶΣѾͷۣӵֶΣ޵У
첻ϵϢųӵһ߷ɣһϢ֮һƬ𺣡ĳǰ赲죬Ѿʼˡ
ҹδҲʼüѣĳҹδ빥ҹδָܹնɱЩӣȴ˽Ǹĸ档
䡭
ҹδʶʱ׳أΧĳϣĳӵͱ÷飬ǿĳܹ֮ȴҲҹδ빥ͬʱҹδָܼĸͬһλնȥǸ˿иñֻĸ̫޴󣬿˿ھ޴󣬺Ƿǳ΢С
ڣҹδ˳ӵǸи˿Ȼ󣬵ȴǼһҹδüкȴһ˿ڣĸڵ˽ȥҹδͷӣܼĳɱһ·֪Ѿ뵽ӵ棬һ

䡭
ĸڴһ죬ڹؽܵĹ˲жɢȥĸ淢Ď
ؽ۾һλŹֻ᣿
ɽâĸնȥ
䡭
ըܴĸڱĸըΪΡ
𡭡
һצץ˱ըɵĸ°壬շȥһ߷ɣһ˺ĸⱻ˺˿
䡭
ؽܵĳնĸͷϣĸͷ­пһ룬ĸѾʧȥսڵϷѹĳӣΧʿ׷Զȥ
ҹδͷųԼûȥؽܣʧȥսĸ棬ѾؽܵĶ֡ĳӽɱĿؽܣؽܲϵشĸϷɹÿɹһΣ㶼ĸһ˿ڡ
ŹʿĻŴϵĳնɱȥ
ʱ֮ؽڿУ·Ǹĸ棬Ѿؽгǧ飬Ǹ޴ͷ­Ǳؽ١
ҹδͳ˹˶һۣĿжϲ
˺ƽ١
δ룬ذɡҹδŴڽԶŹǣѾвˡҪɱŴǵĳӣνճ־ãЩȥȽŹϵĳӳ𡣡
ҹδ΢΢ҡͷһЩӣ
ؽɫһ㣬Ӧ˹ڴǵһߣЩܹ¹ܹƶǵĳӡЩڣȥĶȥĶԶŹǣ˭֪ʲôʱֿ˹
뽫ЩɱˣܹؾŹǵİȫ
ǧʿŴǵһ߷ȥȻЩӳ׻Ųٹ˼ŴǣҲȥ׷ɱЩӣžŹǷȥ
ھŹϣžŹĴܼĳӣؽ̾Ϣһҹδͳ
ŹǾͽǶλˡ
üëһҪˣ
ţһڡ
ҹδͳ빰֣صѡ
ؽܵȴֳ֮ɫⷽʱ䲻ˣҲλ̹ԣʮ֪δ֮Ǻ״
ҹδͳĬȻʵ˶ڷ֮ҲĴҹδҲ֪ʱ䲻࣬΢˼һ£㿪ڵ
صʲôо
ؽܿЦһֱⷽ粻ݵĸо
ҹδһݣǳһأ


959 
ؽܵҲҹδ˼оƶ񡣡
ҹδһ̾زΪۻ
ǰؽҲ̾Ϣ
ҹδٴιֵǾͲصˣƽһ£ָһΪھŹ֮£Ҳѱض
ãؽܵͷ
ҹδͳԶ룬ؽܣҹδ뿪ڵ
ѣҲûа֮Ϣ𣿡
ЦҡͷûУ̫
ʱʿѾΧĳɱ˸ɾһؽܣֳ˷֮ɫܹۿǻԵ
ռڷ˱仯ʿҰУؽΪģռ俪ʼŤγһͨȻؽܵӰʧ֮ͨУͨʧˡһлָԭеģ
⣿
ҹδֳ֮ɫԭΪϼ죬⣿
ҹδҲ΢ɣΪӷǸͨУûи֪ռ˵ӦòǱų뵽ռ֮С
ȥ
ɽ磿
ҡҡͷ´£ĿԵĳ졣
Ǳ߹㣬߹ңΣ
У
Ҳɴ࣬Ҽʶҹδǿֲʵе˵ǿֲķۿǷը֪Լҹδҹδܹҹδǣˡ
һߣΧ˹ۼȦȻǼʮϵʿЩҲ֪Ӵ󣬵ҹδ֮ǰŹǾҹδ˵ˡ
λҹδҲûпҪŹϵĳӣЩϵֳɸÿ˸һ򣬽ʵǿĳɱʵ͵ĳӲùܣżʿȥնɱھͷַһЩӣŹҲһЩƻ
˷׷׵ͷʮϵֳɼʮ򣬺ܿͻ꣬ԼԼ֮ھŹۣһ뿪ϵһµЩʿҲ׷׷ԼţȸԼΧڵĳӡ
ʧȥ˴ǳӵԴͷŹǵʿѾȫռƣҹδЩϵʿɱø죬ֻնɱЩʵǿǻԪһܹնɱĳӣʵĳԭ٣󣬱㿪ʼ½½кϵʿ˾Źɽ
ҹδǵһͷ˾ŹɽһԪתʶתһߵȴʱ䣬һϵʿҲ˾Źɽںϵۼ´ڡǵжЩʣҹδʱ֪ҹδƶʲô򡣻᲻ѹǾŹǱʿ
ҹδ߾λ˵룬㿪ڵλѣ֮ǰѾ̶˹򣬶ͨ£иңͻԮֻѾκƽ١ǣµĹܱ䣬Ҫǿսһƽ١
ɫ죬ǵͷͬҲʮƶĹʿҪܹ֣úϵУʮֵĲסֻǸʿһϣˡ
ҹʿŵ֮󣬻̸ǷŵΪʸǲӦǾͲǡȴû뵽ǰ˺ƽ١Ҳûеٿ̸

˶ЦҹδĻУܹҹδǰԼ˾ŹǱһߣΪŹ룬ķ¡
ǣǴӦĹҪءϣŹδΪһŵɽ磬Ǳصɽ磬ʿ߳ȥ̽ǿգϣδָܹӵк;Źһµǲұߵδ
˵ͷҲʶ֮ǰĹʲԷǳá˵ģ֮ǰŹǲȡ߳ȥĹ򣬻˵ܹҵһ;ŹһΪⲻǾŹһʿңùȥеʿȥҡлͬŹ򣬾ͱضܹҵ
ˣǾŹ˳ֺƽ٣²ֵܵҲһ·
ԣͬҹδ뿴ͬɫҲʮָˣϾҲھŹǰˣŹǽչãҲӰ쵽ڡڶڷҲͲſ־塣ɲ֮ԼһˡֻҪŹǷչĺãԴԴϵ˷
ڴìܣȥһµĵطЩ˾硣ԣҹδ˵
˭Υ˹ɱûɱˣɱ
˶һݣҹδĿɭϵɨ˵ȻʿعҲɱҪһµµĹµ͹򣬶ΪⷽʿܹŸõܹϵطɽĻǷȥʵڵײ㣬ҪǱšɽ磬Щ˶硣
дرؽܸոշҲûм꣬׷׵ͷͬ
ŹɰԭĿܣɳϻᣬѡҾ͵һϾˣҪѡҵд˵ѡҡҡ
ҹδһµҹҲò˶ãͻ֮һŬȥصѺ͵ȥǰϣܹǿѳһ֮ءһ°ɡ
죬ϸ򶼹滮˳Ҷһһʿ
ҹϣܷΪǿ̳
۾һεҹδ롣ҹδû˿ԥͷ
ɣɡ󣬹ƾŹϵĳҲɱˡҾھŹɽ̳ŹϵʿʲôΪԸ
֮ϲһ֮ҹδ뿪˾ŹɽڡҪתԪʶ׼ԪʶתԲ֮Ѱͻơ
ڲͻƣһͻƵ뿪˾Źǣϣڷ֮ǰܹڷչһʵûԼҲ㹻ʵھŹ档
Ҫʱ䣬Ϊ֮ѹԼͻΧҲϧ
ʱҴҹȥ
ŹɽΪɽɽţһȦһȦӣһϥʿǶڵȴҹδ뿪̳
ܵϵʿˡȻǲ֪ԼλܲҹδĽǻˡ
гһƬӰҹδڵʿиڿճλãžڵʿ׷£ҹδֱھŹɽɽ֮ϡ
ϥɽľŹ˺ϵʿ׷ҹδ빪ʩ
ҹϣ
ʱ䣬ԾŹɽΪģʿɽ֮ϵҹδ빪ʩ
ҹϣ
񣡡
ҹδȴʿУеʿһܹҹδĽһ
лҹϣ
ҹδٴδȥ

ͬһȦȦһȦȦʿϥѻȸ
ҹδ뿪ʼҹδ뽲ҲǶÿ˵ĵͬͬģھҪĴܹñ⣬ҲҪĴԴԣҹδĿʼ˵
ԽԶԶصȥÿ˶ʮÿ˶ܹʲôΪΪ֮
ⲻҹδ뽲Ĳεֻͣе;ʿܹ߾ʿûС෴߾Ҳǳá
ڻ֮ǧЩ߾ʿǺϵʿҹδ뽲ĴٶӦԼĴᷢԼĴҹδĴ
Ȼ󿴿ĸҹδĴ飬һѾ޷ı䡣ȻԼĴ
֮ͣҪȫı䣬ǲܵġȴ΢С΢緽ԣ֮ǧڴ֮΢޴ﵽķ˾޴ĸı䡣еʿΪʲôͻƣǴķƫ̫ࡣֲܹϸı䷽ǾͰѴˡҪڴ֮΢
Ҫ΢ǾҪȷ򣬶ԴŸ
׵ģ
Ѿγ˼άƣһ˱չ򡣵һ͵ñҪʵ󣬽ǴָǿǾܹԼĲͲ졣ҹδ뽲Ȼ֣ҹδĵ˹˼ʵǵĵҹδĵөաˣҲԼǵĲ㣬ǿʺǵĴ
ҹδӻһһǵӵӡ
ʱţҹδ뽲ĴԽԽЩܵʿͿʼˡǴʱҲҪˣΪǶ뵽֮С
ʱһһ¹ȥԽԽʿҲԽԽʿ뵽֮УҲʼʿ׷ͻơ
һҹδڽ˺ϵΣʮϵʿؿʼ֮Сְȥҹδ뽲֮Ȼֹеʿ뵽֮УŹɽ·ԲһƬ
ⳤһĽҲҹδͷβԼһСҲ˳Ľĳһ̱Ȼ̤˶֮С
ǲͬģʱǷǳ̵ģһӵʱ䣬ҹδʹӶѣû״̬ǳŻϣʼ򷽲ŵĶ֮ҹδ۾ⲻϲ
Ϊûͻơ


960 
ûͻƵĸԭʶתһﵽųɣԣζ򣬶Ѿﵽ˺ϵأȴҲ޷ͻơ
һˮĥ򣬲ҪȥֻҪתҹδһ£ԼʲôԴ֮ģһ㣬ҲҪʮʱ䣬ܹԼʶתųɣ̶ͻƵϵءȻҪͻƵԲǻ֪Ҫõʱ䡣
Źǽָֻ˷٣Ҳ˼Ԫҹδ룬⼸ԪһʿʻǼʷۣɽ磬ٴһӻⶼȥˣҲӦЩܸ߾磬ԴŹˡҹδǼԪɽǼʷۣ˳ȥǼʷ۵ͼֽͷʽɽǱԼоһΣԼǼʷǰŹˣ߲ȥˡ
Ȼɽ;ŹǵΪ̣ͨɽҲغ;ŹγɹԵϵѭ
ʿ뿪˲һ꣬ҹδʶת˾ųɣҹδҲ˳ͻ˺ϵءȻҲû뿪ڣתԪʶ
һΰٶȥʼʿǼʷŹˡ統ҹδԤϵЩʿ׼ģһߵĺƽٶˣǽˣٶˣָ˷١ǲɵľŹǻ᲻ԣ֮ǰĹ
ɳϡһ£ŹЩżɢޣʼԶǼʣ̽ǿȥˡ
Щ˰ݷ˾ŹˣӾŹеõ˿϶Ĵ𸴡бһҲ֪ҹδŹǵĵλȥݷҹδ롣
ҹδûмǣҹδ룬ڵϵҲûмǣʱǣ
ֻӢӴЩˡЩв˿ԹԣԼڵ֮Ҳ뿪ˡҪԼķ
ҪھŹǽһǲңǽһС̻ỹǿԵġȻ̽ǿաϾ̽ǿղܹõĻ֣ܹϣõϵСڣԾŹΪģʿ̽ǿյĶ֮УҲܶмֵϢȻûҵ;ŹһȴҲ˺ܶмֵ
ʱ䣬ҹδԪתԲ磬ʶתֻоųԲһξ롣
ʱ䣬ҹδһתԪʶһѧϰƷͲܲеǸӡܵøҵԣʱ䣬ҹδڵӵľﵽⷽĶ㡣
ϲǷ档
ڵʶһ߲㱾һԷķЩҹδӡ˿ɳɳԵķϲЩɳɳԷЩڳɳĹУԶմҹδڷʥľѸٵ
ʱ䣬ҹδķﵽ˷ʥԲҶʱͿռ俪ʼһ˿оԼʱͿռ䣬ԼͻƵʥ֮ϡ
ڷʥ֮ϵľʲô֪
µЩҲøӹӶأҹδȷһҪ֮ǰЩŵ棬̱Ϊ츣ء
һϲıԼԪ񣬺Լĵϵøӽܡ
ʶУԪʱ޿̵ضϥڵ֮УűǱƺΪԪ
ԪԪ
ҹδ룬׼һڣΪһ츣ء
УһӡԵķ㽫ȡ˳ڵţһֶһ츣ءķǱʶĵƣսĵơ
˵ںϵصΪ磬ھŹûе֣ɱŵơ˭֪֪ʲôʱͻԼ޷Σա
ҹδյҹһĴѶ˵񶼴ﵽ˵ԪԲǿ˻ԪżϡҹδǰһڵͬʱִѶŶģҲԼεˣԽ᳤λôǸǰ
ܿ죬˾ڡҹδ뽫˫ܸžϵڵӢȻ
ҹһҪ֪ڵķڡһǵһ̳ˡڽҪڰæʱ򣬿ԴѶҪڵʱԴ
ǣʦҹһ˵
ʱž˲֪ҹδھŹǾӪһţŹǶ˹ʵͣԪԲҹһ˵ڻԪڡѾеĶˡ
ҹδ룬ΪͻƻԪ
ͻƻԪ
ⲻǷϻ
ѾԪԲˣҹδڣôͻƲˣ
һͻƻԪԪܹ̾ͦеšؼҹδھŹǲµİӣżĸ
ȻǾͲԼͬŶģ̻ǿɶŹѾеߵĴ̻ᣬȻѾ뵽ˣӦҹδܾӪġǵҹδǳ֮ǵ𶯲ѡ
ԼھŹææµµһ޳ɣʱʱرŹʿ׷ɱҹδأ
Ȼ͵͵Ӫһźһ̻ᡣ
ûнڣ˼Ҳܹʮ󡣽ڣ룬ΪЩɽʿΪɽھŹǽһ֮ء
ʱҹδҲŶĿڵģҶҪͶһ
᳤ס۵ʲôʱ̻Ļ᳤ڵ
ܺã
ҹδӢӢҪסʱ̱뱣֤̳֪ں̻ᣬں̻ΣԮͬʱҪں̻İҲ
ǣ
ҹδں̻Щ˵ǾδĶڣ˿ȻһῪ̳֮ڵΪǴɽ󡣡
лʦ
л᳤
ҹδ뿪̳ˣֻڣڷɽеĵӶδ¡
һνѵʱ䲢ʱ˽Ȼžȸ߲㣬̻ڵ˵ɽֹȥ¡ž˱չأҹһŶĵȻ뿪ڣظԶչء
ҹδ뾲˼Ҿ˼Ӧȫ뵽Ź֮У˵þŹȫţͬڵĴڣҪ;ŹϵһЩԣ뿪ڣݷþŹˡ
ҹδãŹ˵ʿΪˡ
ʣҹδǾŹǵһˣЩϵҲãĵط˼ȥ̣ҹδˣοϷŹ᣿
ҹδ̬ҲܺͰΪǴɽéٿ
ԡ
ԣǷҹδô飬ҹδ˵ҪȥһЩתתʱһȺϵȿֺԸͬôһȦתȻķ˼ʱ䣬ȴҹδ˾Źǡ
ͬʱҹδҲӾŹ˹˴ҩӣȥݷ˳죬۵鷳ռҩӡ쵱Ȼܾʵ
ҹѣΪʲôҪռô࣬ôȫӣ
ѣЩ֮߼ɽԪ᲻ƷΪɲݣ
ҪǴɽ磿
ǰҹδͷɽĻܹɽĻɽδؾⷽĲҩУҲȫܹɲݣȥɽ磬ҲΪ̫ȡ
ͷѷģұضռѿͻƵļ󣿡
ûУҹδ΢΢ҡͷڻһʶתһʶתڶ򡣴ﵽϵԲѡǷһƺϵ֮ϣһѣأ
Ҳҡͷһ˿򣬵ܾûһЩʱ磬۵кô
Ȼ
ҹδһ꣬ȻŸ뿪ˣڣһοʼ
ǶٶȥҹδʶתڴﵽʮԲΪˮɵͻƵ˺ϵԲȻͿסˡ
ںϵ֮ϣãȻ
ԣ׼һԼͷβԼȻԼչЩ˷ѣٴڿ̳ˣȻҹһŶǡҹδ룬ɴŹЩϵʿѶֵ˳죬Ҫһݴ֮飬˼ڽˣݴ֮ڣҲᰲǧꡣ
һº
ҹδ뿪ʼ
ҹδĽܻһһ˼һ߽⼸ǧڻͨ
һ죬죬졭
һ£¡
Χ˱仯صֳһԽԽࡣ
컨׹
ĺϵ
һ̣еʿо̾ǾͳҹδĽ֮УδйĬ


961 ɽ
һ
ҹδտڲԣ˳ȥ뵽ε֮С
һƬž˶뵽ε֮С
ʱһʿѣŹ˵ʿ֮ҹδʩһȻĬĬ뿪
ڱֻʣʿŹȴһƬ䶯Ϊ뿪Щʿ֮ʮڣ׷׻ͻơ
ڣҹδһͬľһ㡣
Ҵٶȥǰɽʿɽ콾ӻصڡҲٴοɽͽ
ڵĵѾ򣬿ʼЩ֡δȴɳšڵŵӶܹϥδ۵ҹδ룬ÿξŷ۵ҹδʩһ񡣶ЩµӣҲϵӿе֪ҹδĴ档
һա
ž䣬Ǻ۰ԣȸҡһȲ۵ܹδɳŵҹδ롣
Ǻ۰ԣȸҡǺϵأΨžΪͻͽѾǺϵء
ʱǺδķ򣬸̾˵δαչ֮󣬻᲻ֱӷˣ
žͷӦûᡣ
ĽǺп
ҲûʲôãҡЦδȷǴһƬ£ȥ֮Ҳ̫ࡣ
˵Ҳǣ˴Ц
ȥ
ҹδȻ۾дžϲ˼
ںϵ֮һ˿
ķ򣬱硣ںϵ֮Ҫؿռ⣬ȻԼһ緽ﵽش棬Сľ硣
Ǻϵ֮ϣ
ҹδ뿴Ӧý硣
ѾоԼһֱ˷ųСѹסԼΪԼϢʧ˱ĸо
ڹ£뿪Ź֮ǰҪΪŨصһ顣
Ҫٴνĵص㲢ڣѡһɽ壬º󣬽￪̳
Ȼҹδ㿪ʼʰԼļҵ
󲿷ֵԴҹδ붼ڣΪ֮ЩԴá
ǵҩҹδ뻹Ǹֵҩ΢һǲҩȴȫˡڷĵֲĲҩҲ¡ĵҩ͸ֺĲҩڡЩҩھȣЩҩ֮󣬶һڵԴˡ
֮ǸƷԴҲǺڷҲһЩĶ¡
Ĳȫ£ΪЩǷɽ磬Ԫ£ҲʲôӲһԾ֮󣬵õ
ĺܳףԼĴ档ʯҲֻһС֣ȫڡ
Ҫ̣δ뽣ͷ
º
ҹδ뿪ʼνʱ䲢ãֻж£Ȼ˱㶼ɽ֮ϵҹδ롣
ҹδվΣͷԼϢ̱оԼȻ֪ԼΧռ俪ʼ仯в΢΢һɡ
ֱų⵽ռĸоΧԼγһռͨȻоһɾ޴ҹδ֪ǰѾʧ˾ŹǵΧĹ⣬֪ȥ˶ãоһһִδоѹϣǰľҲҹδĿĹˡ
һ㳡㳡һӣϲƺͷơҹδֻɨһۣ֪ЩƺͷҪյľ磬ȴҲܹһЩߣϾͷľҲܸߣرǷ
Ӧһ̶ռ󷨡
ؾǹ̶½ͨϽͨڣͨƫƣ֤ʿܹ
ǰȥһһҶ֡

ҹδЩţ֪ʿ壬壬Щʲôֵֹ壬Ҳ֪ԼǶ
ԶĵطռͻȻҹδתͷȥͻȻһӰȻͨһˤ˵ϡ
أ
ǸһӵҹδʱƺͬԼҲûǸһˤڵϡ㳢ǰһ
˺ܶ౶ûдﵽԼ޷ܵĵزԼҲʲô
һ£ЩףԤʾɽһʮִ󣬴ףȻҲΪɽ϶ʮּӲʵɽǾŹǵʮҲΪʲôոշˣʮֵĲʡ
Լı壬ΪԼıѾﵽ˺ϵ֮ϵԲԼӰ첻΢ӦһӦûʲôӰ졣
ǣ﾿ǲɽ磿
ѣǸطģǸʿЩѵ߹ҽпǶ
ǾŹǷģҹδ룬أĶģ
ƽ½
ʦ֣ɽ𣿡
Ӧǰɣ
ҹδһͲˡϣ֪ԷҲһŲ֪
˶һۣж
߰ɣӦȥǸȥ֪ˡ
ǶߵúҹδҲţȻ˲ͬһƬ棬ǷߣǱʶбűŵ
ȻߵǲȴǼᶨûһ˿ԥ
ܹˣĸԼǷľͷ
־ʹʮּᶨδ֪Ҳû˿־塣
̨̤ף߽˴šһʮֿĴڻĸű־ơ
ֱǹϢҵʹ
һĿȻ
ֻһԱڹ̨棬̨ǰûˡϢɫȻ򾲣ܹһ˿塣ҵЩ̨̨ڰڷһЩзģˣûпˡǱһ󡣲ֻһڴԡ
ҹδͿǶŹȥֵλǰӦô
ǸƤû̧һƺĶʲôڵ
ѡһǵżʮˣ󣬰͵ɳǡѵġһǲȥɳǣھͿ뿪һ뿪ԸȥĶȥĶû˹ǡ
ѡȥɳǣǿȥϢȣҲԹҵˣұ⣬Ҳٻش𡣡
ҹδͿǶһۣǸʿģ˼ҶҲǣɽˣҲῴոշʿʲôֵ˼Ҫģ
˱ϢҲ֪˿϶ǺһǷģżʮˣȻǰɳǡ
ȻҲȥɳǣ뿪ûĿĵϹǲ
໥һ£Բͬģ˴û˵档ҴҲʲôҲ֪ҹδվ
ȥҵǱ߿
ܹ󡣡һʶФŮ˵
ҹδתͷ𣿡
ûУ
ҹδͷȥ
ǶվҲȥ
ûѾȥҵ˴һͷһͷؿȥŵ󣬶ʵۣ۵ĵλɾҹδһһȥҩһ֣һƿѹһűǩϣдżͼ۸
һɾһţתԪġԪ
к֣ܶģģ۸ҪԪҹδۿǷоһ˿ɣ֪ӦþϣӦҪԼܹƵǿҪǿվɷܾãһԵĿǶҲˡԴˣ˶ûʲô⡣
ʿϾŴѵʱȥо󣬶ڵҲضǸĶ⡣ԶҪͨۿɷܹһЩʲô
ǡëû
Ҳ⣬ֶҪеģ͸һۿܹѧ᣿
ҲûпܣǺķѵʱ;ǳ󣬲վ￴һܹʲôġ
ҹδһԼʶۿԼЩԼķӡſɳɳԷ֪᲻ɳΪɷ
ɳΪɷԼǿԸݳɳģϾԼʶԼķ
ûУ
ҹδлһϲȻЩûʲô仯ȴܹ֪һ˿˿Լδĵϡ
Ӧϰɡ
յ㹻ĻǲǾͻɳΪɷ
ضˡ
ҹδãȥоƺûʲôͬӦøӼӲˣҲûʲô֮ġӲҪԼδ뽣Ӳȴһ£ɫһͷŵʱҪδ뽣ǿһֹҹδţضɽģȼ͵ġ
ҹδ֪һ£б
ַô߼ΪƲϡ
޽ˡ
ʱȴһ֣µ뷨
Լ֮ǰƵδ뽣϶ŷƣʱӡġԼӡϿɳɳķɳ
ҹδԺһԣҪоһɳɳɷ˵Ҳ֪ⷽûпɳɳɷ
ȥ̡


962 ɳ

̣ͬȥ󣬾һƴĶһһ󷨡ֱǱرװ
һŨһƴϣԳվ￴һҲʲô
ҹδ»صǸԪĹ̨ǰ˸ոշѾƽƽ֮ԼڵԪˣ֮ǰоԲҪģ
ҲܹףΪɽӴˣڵԪȻҪһЩԼҲͲԲˡһ뷨᲻ỹҪԼȥԪԪø
˵ԪЧӦ˰ɣ
ʶ
ҹδ֪һ£ʶûʲôԲ״̬ʶԪԭͲһӰ첻
һŮ˹ЦλѣԪĲԾ
ţҹδ뼱æֵָ㡣
ʱ򲻸Ͻ˳ʲô
ǸŮ޵Ԫ鸡ÿ߶ڵ״Ҫͻһ磬ͱȽԪÿһԪսҲᷭԣÿʿɽĵһҪԪԪǸԪġ
ôһƿԣ
ҹδֳԥ֮ɫǸŮЦӦںãɽһ֪ɣ
ţҹδʵʵͷ
һƿҸһҸ档
Ǹûɾֻʯ
ԶһһɾһһƷʯ
ҹδ죬ϵһЩƷʯȻѴʯڣϻǴʮƷʯֵ֪ط˵ĵط϶ܹҪȽȥĵɳǹ󡣲룬˵
ûжʯֻڶƷʯܹһһɾ͹һԪ𣿡
ȻܣŮЦ
ǸҸ棿
û⣡
ҹδȡһݸǸŮޡǸŮޱóһСƿݸҹδ룬ȡһɾݸ
ҹδӹǿŵҩȻǿɾ̱о̲ȵ֮ԻƷʯԩͷҪǰ˽һɾ͵ҩԼʲôЧ
ǰ˽ʮҪҲΪԼȱǰ˽һܹ
ǸҸ棡
ǸŮЦЦʶüһţʵڲУСҲԡ
ǶҲһԪһɾȻһҹѲͬҸ档
ǸŮҲΪ⣬ǶҪڵɳ
뿪ҵһҸ棬˼صϢȻ󼸺ͬʱȡǿԪ£㿪ʼҩ
ҹδֻӾǿŵҩбһһԪҲֻ֮һģֿʼҪ֪һûеҩ״̬Ȼǲá
ûеҩ£ûʱ䣬еҩҲҪʱ䡣
Ȼҹδҿ϶ԪضƷҩиƷĵҩٶӦûһЩ
ɾأ
ûſ۾֪һߵĿǶб²⣬Ӧء
һԼĹӦñȿǶĹߣһӦԼı徳ҪߡľߣܹŵסĳԼҩʱҪȿǶ졣
ҹδ֪׾һֱȵǶҲװģȡǿɾйҲƷɾпʼת
ֻǳһ£ҹδֹˡ
ڿֻһɾ᲻áҲˣɾǸԪǿˡԪʡ
Լ̤ɽĵһ񣬾Ҫ׬ɾ
ĸ磬ǮҪġ
ҹδɾ㿪ʼɽԪȻٶһ˿һ˿ҲˣǶҲɾ
ʱ䣬Ŵʮˣҹδʮ˱ż뵽ҹδڴİԺ֮ܵǾͳһ֮С
Ǵڵĵһ䣬ܴ󡣻ûеǿΧĻ˺
Ͻ
ҹδ˼æվǰһģʿǶˣ㿪ڵ
ţǴǽҪ˽Ϣ֮󣬾Ϳ뿪ˡʱơƿɲܶˡһˣҪɳǡ
ҹδӹƣʿҪ󣬵һѪȻʮƿ˷ţ֮ӿ˹
ʮжЩɱţһߵ˴źܶˡһǽǰһЩ˼һŹ̨ǰǽǰûˡ
ʮ˱һû˵ǽǰȻһǽĿȥÿǽڶ壬弫ΪϷ
˴Լʱʱ䣬ҹδ˽ǽڶˡ
ǽϽĶǶڷʿҪ˽Ϣ
ɳֻɽͨһɽһ˸ͨҲһ˸ɳǡ
ɳʵϾһʿۼأȴҪǮҪ
ɳҪ氲ȫ̫࣬˭ڵɳ棬ǵɳǵĹģ޵ģ˶ڵɳڣһ
ڵɳڴţͱסڵɳڡ仰˵߹򷿲סջҸסĵط򹤣¶졣
û˹ܣϣ¶ޣͻᱻץߣץĶȥ
ڿ
ڵɳڣһжܰ󣬶ľǾסԣܶ˶Ҫһסĵط򹤣ҵ̫ˡ
ԣڵɳҪ׬Ǯ׬ɾ
׬
ҲϢкܶ෽
缼ģƷ
ðģԣѰҲҩʯȵȡ
ϢǽкϸĽܡ
һϢǽŸ֯ƺڵɳǵÿڡ
ţһЩɳǵļ壬иϵַ
ܹĳţȻһж⡣
ϢǽϣҵһѶϢܼ򵥣һŹǵƺ͵ַ
ҹδһϲӦǾŹǷʿסĵطɣ
ģԼеطסˡ
ҹδܸˣȻ󿴵ŸҲܸˡߵĿǶ
ѣҵߵϵַ𣿡
ţǶ˷ܵصͷһţҿķá
ҹδһӾͲˣ˼Ҷɽ罨ˡԼŹƺһšȥ˸ˣһЩ˸˺ѶϢһһƺ͵ַ
ʮ߳˴ǰķ𾪡ʮ໥ǣҹδ밴յַŴߡ
һĽ侲ʼ֪ΧʿΪȻط֣Χ˼ǺϵбȺϵǿˡ
ûбȺϵģ
Уǳ١
ѵɽ˶ôǿ
һһܸߵľ磿
ⲻȻҲϢڵɳڲȴҲ޹ʵصˣһˣ˶ϣԼ˳ǣŪԼأ
ҵŹʿסĵַҪʡ
ɳǻǺܴģ˺ܾãʱȻվһԺǰиܹ̾ڵɳǹôһСԺŹڵɳǻû
ҹδһӾ͸оֶ࣬һݵģŹǲԼǸŹǡҪţ洫һ
ӹ̣ǵĹؾǰһڸûɾ
ҹδоһ㡣
ѵСԺǾŹģģ
ŹҲнʮʷˣǰʿҲмʮˣỹⷿӰɣ
ʱִ洫һϵ֣ԭ׼ˣⲻ𣿡
飬շҵ顣
ǣǣû˵㷿⡣ⲻǻһµʱһ롣
ӹ̣ҲװͿΪʲôҪǰһշ⣬ΪһⲻҺھ⡣ǰˣҲܹס˲һ
㵱Ȼסһ£һºҰߡɾҲøҰߡΪҪȥ⡣һҶ·ͣʱûзӸסΥԼð
ҹδԥһ£˽ȥһСԺԺûˣҹδŷȥִӹ̵
֣һʱ䣬㿴òãɳڵķҲ⣬ڸҶʮʱ䣬ʮʱ⡣Ҷʮڴղɾ⣬Σ
ҹδ߽˷䣬һˣһؽܡҹδһĲɷŽ˶ֳ
Źǵ
˵ĿǸһվӹ̣ǾŹҼСԺҲмˣ͸ӡֻжʮ졣
лллл
Ǹʿȥҹδ
㣡ӹվ
ˣ㻹˰ɡǸʿѾ뿪ˡ
ҹѣˣؽܴҾ֪㲻õ̫á̫ˡ
Сܣ㳣˵ҹδ룿ӹһʿĲ£


963 
ҹδϸоĺҲоǿϢʩһ
ҹδݼǰ
ããӹеؿҹδСܶ˵ˡĺܺá˵ʵЩϼһھŹǵʱƤӻ̫ǳˡǷ֮󣬲֪ˡܹ̽ǿգοźϵУҲʿͲô٣ǾŹҲôҡ
лǰ
ӹ̵ҽзӹ̣ڡŶǺϵ֮ϵһ硣СҲʶˡʣµλһͮڡλҰڡСڸոԪڳͻ硣
ǰǾŹǾôˣ
ţӹɫÿδ룬ɽѵġѵķʽǼšպϵʿƵġǷ֮䶼̫ˡ
⼸ǾŹܹҲͷʮֻ߸ţѾȷˣֻʣһʮһʿԶɽڣԶѾһǧûϵˡҲ֪
ʣ˶ˣ
ӹ̾ϢһҲҪ֣ŵ˶ˣοЩɢޣ
Ҫܹסڵɳǣͱ׬ȡɾҪ׬ȡɾͱǡ
Σգ
Ҿ֮ǰȥܵˡԭɾˡ
صŹǵ˷û˼ҡ
ҹδе㶡
ŹǻҲ̫ˣʮϵֻʣĸˡ룬ʱ䣬Σյ״̬ƺҲ
ˣӹͻȻ۾һС˵䲻ɣ
ҹδҲСˣҲǧˡ
ӹ̳شЦǧʿ˵̫ˡȥš
˵ӹȡһݸҹδֻǹŵϣоһ¡
żյӰһΣһյӣ롭ʮꡣ
ҹδͷʵǰ·ϣÿʿǿѵɽ˶ôǿ
ӹ̱ЦȻᡣɽҲвģҲзˣܹģҲҪ忪ʼɽ磬ҲΪ͵ռ
ô˵ɣɽ磬ϵΪǵײ㣬ҲѾмˡΪѾǿǸ߶ˡ
֮㿴ﶼǿʿ㲻ҪʲôطǵɳǡڵɳڵʿǷʿȻǿʿӶࡣ
ҹδһӱˡ
ԭӦ÷ǳ٣󲿷ֶǷߣȻǸķáȻΪߡ
ǰһֱڵɳǣû뿪ɳǣ
ҲȥԶء˵ļʮˣеǵõȷеϢеǺܾûеõϢǹˡ
δ룬ұʿҪȥߣҽ⼸ʮ껹ڵɳǣ뵽ţһȶҲ١
ҹδͷѡҲҪԼԪȫſԶɳǣȥ顣
Ȼ϶Ҫȥμſ˵ġܹһţõѡ
ڵȻ֪ţжĺô
ǰҷ𣿡
һᵽĸɫÿӹ̾Ϣһ
ڵʵѾָһ룬Ҵǳȥԣϣܹ׬㹻ɾ
ǰⲻС̵ͮΪָֻһ룬㲻ܳ¡ڣܹԸǿޣ׬ȡɾ㻹ǽãҴǳȥԡ
ӹҡҡͷʱ̫Ҫɾ
ǰǻ٣
ҹδԼӦðæ緽ӹԣСԺܶǾŹǵľݵ㡣ͮԣӹ̲ܳ¡˵ģͷӹʿ鼫Ϊḻָ㣬˭Լֻкôûлɾġ
ӹɫһǴ˴գڻɾƷɾ
СԺһ٣
ʮ򣡡
ҹδ͵һڽһһƷɾһƷʯʮɾʮƷʯڵֻʣ°Ʒʯܹһ˿ɾǿǵҲԼʵ
ɾʯζһ
һƷɾһһǧƷʯ
ҹδɫһڣǱ߻ǺڣԼûһֻ࣬Ƕһһ顣ԼϵʯҲֻܹһʮɾ
ʲôܹһ𣿡ҹδ˼ʵ
ӹȡһ򣬵ݸҹδ롣ҹδӹʶ̽룬ʼĶ
ŸֿԶһɾϡ
иޣֿʯֲҩҲиֳƷĵȵȡʮϸͷࡣֱһٿȫ顣
ҹδ뿴ú棬Ʒĵ֮󣬱ˡԼûСԼ챦ܰмС⵹ҹδһϲ˵Լܹһֵı
ȻʼԴʱţȷʯ϶ˣԼЩʯҲûãƲɽҲ˶ʹͷҲгϾΪ͵ʿռݴǼ۸ʮָˡ
ҵýЩʯˣŸûá
ҹδ뿪ʼԼЩʯܹһɾȻ󲿷ֶڣԼµĻɣǵʵ̫ˣǰɣҲǲ١һ£ԼЩʯھŹǣ֮Թһ꣬ȴֻܹһŰٿҵƷɾ

ҹδһӣȻһЩƷϣȻҲֵǮһ£ԼܹһһǧٿƷɾҡ
ھʣ²ҩˡ
ҩģ˵Ǻ
Ϊһ߲ıһķĸķ
߲ıķڣÿ㶼Ž˲ٵ֮ʮŨ˾ŹʮֲŲҩ
߲ıǰĲУÿһ㰲ŵʮ泣ֲŲҩ
ڣȴÿһضÿһ㶼ֲŸֲҩ
ҹδڷǰڵĲҩֻһ㣬µĶڡžĻ˵Щҩǧ궼ֲҩˡҹδڵıڣһҩЩҩųǧʱ䡣µЩ㣬ҹδֲ˸ֲҩҲֻǸոշѿ
ʱҹδڹ۲ЩǰǧҩĲҩЩҩûʲô仯ֹ۲ոշѿЩҩʱҲ
ҹδ벻뵽Ҫҩʵı仯ЩݱɲݣҪĸı䡣Ҫĸı䡣
ϸϸӦһ£ַԪڵ֮Ԫķת䡣תٶȣǧܹתҲǺԪŨ൱ᳬԪЩת
ҲǲܣֻҪʱ
ţ
ҹδһ֣Լѷ⣬ԪٶȻ᲻
ȷŷŰɣԺ飬Լеʱ䣬Ҫ⡣
ҹδıֻܴһֲܹڿŲҩǸҪıСٱҲֲܹҩһ£ҩҲˡһóôĲҩض˻Լһӵзʿһӵпռɸʿ
ȷ᲻˵죬Լɱ֮
ʱӹ̵˿ҹδһֱüͷһŵؿҹδ롣ҹδ̧
һһʥǶ֪ɣ
ӹ̵˵ͷ֪Сܶ˵
ҵķֲһЩҩǧҩ䡣ˣҲܹ㷿⡣
Уӹܾ̾ᱻϣǵʱżĿܣ㱻ɱˣȥķɽ龭˶˷Ƴɶ츣ء
̫Σգ
ҹδһӾͶԷӹ˺øУҶҲ˺ܶࡣĿɨˣҲط׷׵ͷҹδһӱ˹СЩ˷֮󣬱ɽһٶʶ˱ŵҪˡҲʶŹһ棬Լˡ
ҰȻ½ĲҩҲֻܹƳƷɵֱҩҪʶˡҲᱩ¶δ顣
ʱ䲻ؽüͷδĲҩ㹻һҪչʮƷɾҲҪһʱ䡣
δ룬жٲҩӹʵ
һ궼
ǾˣӹüͷһǲˡֱӾס޵ڣ
۾һסȻҲͽ˾ס⡣ӹЦ
ڵŨȺܸߣҲʺԪÿľԪ֮Ԫкô
ӣǻܹסһ£˷ѡҵҲûȫȬҾչһ°ɡСܣɽδϸ˵˵һŵ˽⡣


964 Ĳͬ
ã
˵ǳɫȥһصԼķȥչˡͮҹδʱЦ
С˵һа취ǵ֮ǰһţˡ
ҹδЦЦûڱֻʣؽܣؽܻ˽һʱ䣬˽ɽ״˵һ飬ȻҲǻȥչء
ҹδһ¹ɽѶϢȻ뿪Ѿ֪ЩʯȲϣʯ˵ûãҪɾЩҲܹһǧƷɾûʲôüɵġԣһ̣һһǧһʮ˿Ʒɾ
̵ĻƸû⵱£ڵɳָշʿûɾֻܹѼҵó̫Ҳ̫ˡ
ҹδһǧɾˣȻ㿪ʼչءɾʼˣԼһֱɾԼʱ䣬ܹԪ
ڶʮ죬Ǹˣ˵ӹ̲ˣֵ뿪ˡ߷ӹ̣ʮϽ
ӹ̲Ϊ⣬ߴҸ
ʮ󣬷ӹ̴ҹδǼȥңȾۼҹδڣҹδ뽫ڵĲҩȫժˣȻֳݣÿһݣս˴ָԼÿµµףȥһεҩ
ȻǸҹδ뿪֮ûǽողժһ㣬ӡھǷˣһӱֲϡȻſʼÿľʶԪҹδͻֹͣȻڵԪΪŨ֮ԪŲƵЧ
µס
࣬Ȼȥ̣˷ֿȥһ̣еĵҩۣȻֻصң
һΰȥ
˾ۼҹδڣӹЦݵѾаƷɾˡʲô뷨
ȻһطȻȥɵǵǼǵĵַĹ½ʿҲǡͮ۾˵
δ㿴أӹҹδ롣
ҹδ֮ǰ޵ǸطҪɾ
ǿɾͶˡӹҡͷ̾Ϣͨǣļ۸޼۸һǧҲ˵֮ǰסǸСԺҲҪһƷɾ
ˣҲ𣿡
ǲᣬǻᱻ硣
ҹδͷ˼Ƭ̵ҾȲޣסͦáܹܹȻҲ𣬵ȴʱʱߡ޷ݣһꡣһ춼ԡ
޷ӹ̫ˡҰ
ǿҵļ۸۱Ͳʲôˣֻռݺ΢Сһ֡
ؽҡͷδ룬òԣΪĲҩûɱ档ɱ׬ĲǺܶ࣬ΪĲҩֻܹƳƷ
ҹδͷҲ֪ԼĲҩûмɱĲҩ̫ˣûãռطӰҩֵ
üɱ
ǣδ룬㻹вҩ𣿡ӹ̵ûвҩǾ͵ȥҩĻƵֲʲôĵҩ׬ȡɾˡ
Укܶ࣡ҹƾŹںܳʱڣڣӦû˻һ㣬ʦӦ
ţؽܵͷ
ҾòҹδûнҴĲҩĹ֮ǰǾûбҪ޷ӡƳĵҩ۵ɾҲƽ֡ҴĲҩĹ֮ٿ޷ӵ顣
Ҳãӹ΢˼һ£;ƽ֣ҩģɣǰղҩļ۸񣬿۳ɾ㣬ʣµɾƽ֡
ҹδ룬ԼҪɾģ϶ܶɾ׳ȥջҪһɾȥ޷ӡ
ˣѾ㽫ڵЩҩƳɵҩҲܹһҵƷɾܲܶȥӰɣ
Ҫأ
ɣǰѲҩļ۸۳ڷǰȽҴĲҩƳɵҩЩɾȥ޷ӣһ޵þһЩ˵ܹ۸񡣡
ӹ̣Ұͮؽжֳ˸ж֮ɫӹ̵ͷ
ãҲ飬ɾˡΪǾŹǴһҲóȥģҪȥرҪδȥΡԻõĲϣ۸Ҳ͡ϡȱĲϣ۸ߡ
ҹδ۾꣬ЩˣܹȥԣȻá
ʲôʱȥ
ϷѾȬ˵߾ߡ
Ҫȥɽ𣿡
ɽʲôطҹδʵ
ߡǱ߱˵ʱķӹѾûǷ֮ɫоԴҹδ֮һжõķת䣺
ȥɽնɱޣܻܲһЩɾʱǼҩɾȡһ
ʵϴҶ֪һδǺô޵ġʵϣ꣬޵ɾܹö෿ˡֻĻܣƽʱòġҹδ˿ܡ
һһԺͿԲڿǷ飬ÿԵõɾͶ
ңȻ뿪˵ɳǣűɽȥ;Уؽܸҹδ뽲űɽ
δ룬ɽﲻ֪ΪʲôԭʮأԪΪŨô˵ɣǵɳǵԪŨǧ
˻ҹδ벻ɵһܹǺֱɾࣿ
ؽܿЦܹգܹȥͱŸռˡ
գ
ܣؽҡͷԪȻΪŨҲΪ̫Ũ໥֮䴦һֱҵĳ̶ȣԪʮֱңһԪˣ߱
ҲΪʲôɽԭ
ΪԪıңܽȡͷŵϻñ
ǣźܶޣǴӳѪѾӦȻޣʲôƷ֣ʧȥͨǵıʮǿԣϵĲõϣƤѪҺҲõƷϡ
Խߣ޵ƷԽߣҲԽֵǮ
ǲǽ뱩ɽѣ
ԣΪԽߣԪŨԽߣҲԽң޵ʵҲԽǿ룬ڱɽǲġֻģûв䡣ڵԪ޷֧ߵ̫
ɾҲУΪҪ˹գһ˹ͻձɽڵıԪ
ԳԵҩ
ؽܷһۣҩ󰡡˵ˣǵʵΣᱻ޸ˡ
Ǵ򲻹
ҲǣڱɽڣΣղްɣ
Ȼؽصͷʿ֮䣬ɱ˶ᱦ飬ΪѰ
ҹδͷʾԼףԭѾһʮ־ˣ֮ʣǺԼʱͻɱˣͬ鷳
δ룬ҪסɽΪԪʮŨŨȺܵ͡ǵֻܹԲףΪɽԪңʶӰҲܴ󣬺ϵҲܹӷԲҡ׵һǧ֮䣬ҪԵΪ硣ԣڱɽУǺʿǺޣͨս㷢˶Էʱ򣬱ս˿ʼ
ҹδɫһݣս׷ġҪʱּ̱ߵľͽ䱸ˡ
ˣӹͻȻ˵ӵз²Ҫκ˵սʱҲײҪ
ΪʲôѵҲ¶Ƿʦݣҹδ뾪ȡ
ǣʦȻ¶ǲ¶õĽǣˣɱˡ
Ϊʲôûз֣ǾŹǵķʦǷʥҲûзģ
ҹδһԼΪʥԲܾúܾˣûзĺۼ뵱ھǸ磬ҲֻǱų⵽ʱУǷɽ硣
Ϊʲô
ΪǷʦ·ӶƫˣòɽϿɡӦʵҲ̫˽⡣
ǾŹǷɽʦͬ
ţ󲿷ͬģҪĵطͬɽķʦûбҲûзĵ·ʿ·ûʲôֻͬķ棬ƫ
ô˵أ
ӹ˵ɣҲǷʦҲûбûзҲܹƷҲܹѧϰҲ÷ԣҲܹûɣ
ҹδ룬ͷǣҲ㲻˲ֻͨҪʶڷڲķͷ󣬾ܹͷŸܹͨΪͨ츣أóˣˣͨ
ԣӹ̵ͷЩǷЧûоãһ
ʵ϶ڷϵûʲôҲ˵һ·зûзǲڷĵ·ϳԽ㣬㣬Ҳͷ޹أڷϵԲ


965 ɽ
ҹδ룬ˡ
֮ǰûӡɳɳԵķ֮ǰˡֻһ߻һ츣أǶڷ֮·ûʲô
ǵڣӡ˿ɳɳ֮󣬵ɽ磬ҲûзֶԼķ֮·ʲô
ˣ
ˣ
ҹδͷȴЩͬ
ΪҲһҲûУҹδпٵ˼ǧá
˵ģԶҹδ벻ʱҲܹϵǿʶҹδʶϵ̶ͻơҪ֪ƷҪֶʶ
ǡ
ҹδһüͷ⻹ǸЧڸװһ֣ⲻķΧ
ԣ
Լӡ˿ɳɳԷ֮󣬷ܹԶصϣԼĹУ˺ܶ࡭
⻹ڸװ룬ķΧ֮ڡ
ѵһ
Ǹ磬Լ磬ͷ޻Լ
ҲǾŹⷽڷ·ƫˣ̶òɽϿɣûʲôֵġ
δ룬ɽʿûзġĺôӦ֪ܹ츣صģҲ˵ܹɸġ
һɸҪԣӦ֪ɣһɸʿһŵӦ֪ɣ
̫֪ˣ
ҹδаǰһһ޴ҩ԰Ҳżڷڴһ

һĻľһʥء
ԣ֪ӵзضɱ㣬Ȼȥ
ҹδɫأȻͷлл
лԼˡ
ҹδһͷõİ취ɱ˷ӹ⼸ˣ˷ͱԼеܡԺʿǶ֪ö֮ǸʱԼӦѾͻˣҪɱԼȥҲôסԼߵĻࡣ
ǣͷҲֻ룬һǴ򲻹Ͼ硣һҲôΪһ֮˽ɱԼͷˣҹδ
ҹδˣħ
뵽磬ҹδ벻ʵǰô£
簡ӹ̾ϢһһҪԪ񡣡
Ԫ񣿡
ҹδһ㣬ⶫԼа޼ǲŪģǳġ
ڶǽɽ硣ν磬һ˼Ҫһһģһѭ顣һӵͬĻͿˡ
ȷͮˮ˫ԣľˮԵĽ硣ĽУֻˮԡ
ģʵġ
ģҹδȻ֪и򣬱ǽȡʱγɡ
ʵģʲô˼
δ룬ҪȽ۳һӣȻ󡭡֪ɣ
֪ҹδֳ˾֮ɫ
µΪĵڶ¡ϵǵʶüġеǵദһƺġ
ԣҪѰҵģȻӷСϵҪϣȻͻ硣
ʵģһͷţܾˡ硣
ڲҪЩҲǿҵûа취ΪһɢޣҲֻܹһͨĹ⻹˴Ǯһ㡣
㲻ͬ
ֻǧ꣬ҲС˵ʵܹţš˴ţܹѧĹˣҲܹߵøԶ
ڵԪȡʮ󣬴ſɽͽʱܹһšλȥҽŵһ£úĥһ¡
лл
лÿ˶ǾŹǷĿߣɽȡóɾͣҲܹݼŹǵʿ
ǣҹδȻͷ
δ룡һԵҰͻȻڵƺûܵɽӰ졣
ʱ򣬴Ҳŷҹδеٶһ
ţҹδͷʦǸ˿ռڿռеԲ
ؽܵɺˣδ룬Բ𡭡ҵ
ҹδڰֵû£Ѿȥˡ
ͮһĽһûԲء
ӹȴǸӵظˣδ룬ŵļʸˡ
˶ҹδΪ֪ԼкܴĻŶˡĸҲΪҹδܹţܹݼǶˡ
պ
˱ɽ濴Ϳľ󣬱ŨԪ֡
⡭ôʧ˷߲ˡҹδǼǵõھǷУƺ״
õģӹЦܼ򵥣ֱϷɾͷɳˡ
ҹδȻα򣿡
һַʽֻҪսǿ֪ˡһһ֤ߡһֱһǾںߡһһǿߡǾˡܹסһЩòȷԼλáԣÿһ֧Сӣһ߼ȽϤ·θǣסһЩò
ã
Ǿһ·ߡ
߽˱ɽҹδһ뱩ɽԼӾʶȻӾֻܹԲҡʶȴЩ⣬ףסҹδлȻԼԪ˰
ѹסϲҹδ뿪ʼΧĻγһսӣ÷״ҹδ뱣м䡣
ĸУҹδڵʵؽܣҲڵԼҹδǿΪԼԪˣڵʵǷǰʮſҹδӦò¡
ҹδûзм䣬ȫ˱ϣʼ۲ΧŨҵԪҹδ֪£ⲻΪԪһҽڵϣÿһԪеԣһһֱҵ״̬Ҳ˵ÿһԪǱҵģЩԪڣǿ϶ˡ
ȫܲס
ͻȻһǿ˿ϣͬһû⣬Ȼʶ
ⱩҵԪû˺
һʲô˺ҪͷŵкܴӰġ
ⱩҵԪսռ䣬ܽҵԪתȶԪ𣿡
һһֹͷΪı

аɣ
ʱ򣬴ͷķӹͻȻȵս
սʮͻȻңڷӹʶ׽һ޵˲䣬Ǹ޾ͳ˹սͱˣ˫ľ̫ˣʵսڶǸ޲ǿֻǲϢʱ䣬ͱնɱ
ؽʮǰƤõĲռҹδվһߣٴ̵ʱ
УҾ÷ԣ󻹿Ǹռԡ
ҹδͷܹ뵽ģȻҲܹ뵽ֻǴʱΧŷӹĸˣ顣
ԽߣԪԽŨҲԽңӾʶķΧϵѹ޵ʵҲԽԽǿ
ҹδŵؼУ˴Լʮֲǿնɱޡӹ̹ϵط̡
һһȥ˶ʮһʱ䣬ջۣһȡһǧƷɾҾȥ
ҹδıڣֲĲҩǸʮҹδȥʮ֮һָĸˣԱȥ
һ
ҹδһ뿪ңʱӹ̵˶û˷ҹδ뿪ҹδֱ뿪˵ɳǣűɽȥ
ﱩɽҹδѡһδͷʶɨΧȷûʿޣһһͷ˳
ֻҪǷԶ͵ϵĹЧֻǿʵϣҹδЩΪӡſɳɳԷյٶҪԭֲɳɳԵͨǿܶࡣԣһͷųΧγһ΢СУǸ㿪ʼձҵ
Ч
ҹδһϲʶ͸ۿڲüͷ㲻һˮԵķܹҵսȴ޷Щҵתȶʶַҹδ룬ܹоڱϴȴΪͣϴͱ˴ݻ٣űݻٵƣҹδһ£Ҳܹ죬ͱٵˡ
ҹδ˷ȻǸģӡзķͷųҹδ۾һзܹҵתȶٶҪ֮ǰǸԷٿ
ǡ
ոϲҹδ룬üͷзҲűݻٵƣάֵʱӦúܳżһ£Ӧֶܹʮģ
ʵϣѾܹҹδ뾪ϲˡ
۲һ·תԪٶȣʮʱ䣬ԽڵԪŨʮҹδŷ뿪ȻеԪٻתԪȻ鷳һЩٶȿ϶Լڵɳڿ죬ܹٿıҡҲ˵ҹδԭҪҲܹԪʱ䣬һҡ
ǣҹδ뻹б


966 չػɽ
ҹδǸзͷųһͷųҹδɫһԼıٶȱǸԷ߳ʮϣʱڷΧγһ͵ԪС
ҹδʶַʼ۲죬ԼıҲܹתԪΪȶԪؼԼıƺûбݻٵļ󡣵ڻȷϾոտʼҹδһ߹۲죬һ߷ЩƲ⡣
Լıеķͬ뵱ԼķķͼȻֱռˡ˻ӵϢҲ˵Լûбӡ֮ǰֻӾͷǳ쳣͡ȻֱԼʶ˼ǧ꣬ӡ˿ɳɳԷ֮Ѿ챦رҹδ룬ѾǷʥҪ֪ÿͻƣ÷õٴγɳ
ʵϣҹδʶһ棬൱챦
ǣҹδڹ۲졣
۲һ죬ҹδ뾪ϲķ֣Լıûбݻٵļ󣬶ϴлļȻһ۲Ҳһ˿ҲǱݻ١ҹδ벻ɽĿ˱ɽ֪ԽߣԪŨԽߣԽҡԼȥ
һԼķܲסӱҵԪһܹܣյٶҲ
Ŀ⣬˼
ѾһԼķܲסСԼǱҪڱɽˣһҪܾãʮ꣬Ȼصɳǣȴſɽͽ
ҹδ˳˱ɽո߳ɽӭһ֧СӣԱǵĿ˲ҹδ룬ҹδҲ˲ǵĿиоɱͶ⡣ҹδ˲͵ɣ˽˻ɽ
붼룬ԷǼԼһ䵥ҪɵԼ
ಡ
Ȼ˺ԥس˱ɽոյɽ뵽ɽеҹδ룬ȴȻͻ˹ȥҹδʮ˫̫ˣӸͰѲˣȻҪǾͲԼ֮£˵Լ˿ܡ
ȳľǶԷĶӳԷҲʮ־ϵڽ˲䣬ͷ˽磬ոͷŽͷҹδһѾ˳ȥ
ָ
͡
ָͶԷĽײһ𣬶ԷĽͬһҹδֹҹδҲи˹ȥȻؽԷӹĽָ
Է¶𾪣ҹδȴһ
ԼָȻп˶ԷĽ磬иٶڿٵļԷĽʮּͣһȼиԷǰ
ҴʱʣµĸʿҲҹδ˹ͬʱͷŽ硣
磡ڶѾһЩ˽⡣ӹ̺ͮ˸չʾԣҲ˲ϳ˶ڡ
Ҳ磬硣
䡭
ҹδ봥ͷϣ̱һƬ׺ִܼغ
䡭
ҹδ뷴ӣпĽķ϶д˳ȥΪԼһʹ󣬾Ȼ䲻˵Ľ硣
Ȼǵж谭ȴȫص˽⡣
ʿҹδӣо㶼¶ЦҲҹδֻһϵҾ绹鸡һǸոշˣûԪ
ʵ䵥
׷ɱУôߣ
ಡ
Ѹٵؽӽҹδ룬ӹĽ磬Ҫٴνҹδֽȥ
䡭
Դȴ׹⡣ҹδͷ˷һ
׵صɫû˺ǶԪ˺רԪͨҲǷҹδһ뵽ģ̽˳ԡ
䡭
б㷢һҽУѪӶɵض¡ʹһֱڹ۲ǵҹδ룬Ȼת˶ԷĽУһָ˳ȥͬʱһͷס
һԷĽ磬ҹδоһϲֶԷĽࡣΪԷԪˣƿؽ磬ǽ綼Ҫʼˡ
ۣ
ڰ磬ָǸϵѾͷűָ顣Ĳˡ
䡭
͡
ײϵغָϵгֻǲϢʱ䣬ս
ҹδѸٵǵĴָȻ˱ɽȻһ˱ɽŵɳǷȥ
֮ҹδص˵ɳǣԼ޵ڣһǻطһ֮ǰս
ԼָȻҲܺͽ࿹ȴܹпһν磬ԼӳȥĻᡣ׵ĻԼŷɱʿʵ
ֻڣڣԼûаաǣԼԪӦܹնɱڡ
ɽʿҲûʲô˲ԼĹҪЩɽʿĹ
ȻҲɢޣǴ½ɢޡʿԼսҪۿۡ
УжĺΣաֻҪпܱΧɱ
ǡ
ҹδ̾ϢһԼܲȥɽ
ȡָҹδ뿪ʼ鿴ɫѿ

ûжʯҲûжٵҩûʲôָҲһǧƷʯʮƿҩ
룬ҹδ뷴Ӧˡ
ʿӦˣȥɱȻ󷵻صɳϵԴĵò࣬ٳȥǸոҪ뱩ɽ϶ǴӵɳˣûԴȥԵġ
ԼǸոմӱɽг϶ΪԼض飬䵥ŹϵΧɱԼ
еɡ
ҹδ˴ָȻ뿪ң˷ӹ̵šӹ̵ʶ͸ҹδ룬һ䣬󷨽ƣҹδ˽ӹһһʵ
δ룬ʲô¶
ҹδȡĸָڷӹߵǲҩƲ̵ʱˣһڵɳתתһɢ޵ݼһԶӣҪɽʿӴһ£һ¡
ӹ룬ҲǷʿߵ·ǵĵǵô𣿲һЩԪ˵
ԡ
ӹֳ֮ɫҹδѡҲһѡ񣬸һȷѡɽ磬ҪӦӦҲʼվ͸Ǽһ𡣶ЩڷǰǾŹǵľͷ⣬Ǳ޷ıġҲҹδ룬ոշʱҲˣ
УһҪסôСĶΪ
ţף
ҹδ뿪ˣǻصԼңԼ״̬ڵ۷壬Ȼ˵ң뿪˵ɳǣűɽȥŰ˳ɰգԼӦòᱻΧɱԼķԼűɽߣǾͱʾԼԴĹˣȥˡΧɱԼûջ
Ȼ˼֧СӣûΧɱģҲûġСӣôű˵ġ
ҹδҲ˴Ҷһ·߽˱ɽ㿪ʼǱС
ǱУһϢǱСͬʱԼʶͷųȥ
ͲԵģҪѰһԪŨ԰ȫĵط÷Ԫġ
ڼҲСӣʶ̽鵽֮ܡСָӵĵУҲ׷ԷܣѾõĽҲ޵ʱҹδҲ̾ӣӲʱ򣬾ڣٶȣ˦ޡϵ롣
һξ룬ͻͷű顣˴Լһº󣬷û£ֲסˡıȻѾﵽԲɵֵס뵽̶ȵıԪϴ
ԪŨѾǵɳǵǧ౶ˡ
ҹδͣȻʼѰңҵһɽȻ뵽֮ڣСͱһСֵָۣȻɽȥһֱ굽ɽģȻһһܹĶ
ҹδ˼ڳ˷۲һ죬ԪٶˣԼʮķĺܸû˿ˣһӿϴǿٶȡ
ҹδ룬ԼԪϣ뵽ڣԪƷԪ
ˡ
յٶȻһȻ屶Ѿʱڵһʮ
ҹδֹ۲һ죬ַƺٽ㣬Ȼûбƣȴˡ
ոպã
ҹδϲĿɨܣ㿴Ԫӵ룬ڵ֮ۿɼٶȱŨԪǣֻǲһӵʱ䣬ڱԪȻŨڲϵӡؼǣЩԪȶԪǱҵԪתȶԪ
ҹδڷĵ㣬ʶֳɼƣ뵽㣬״ˡ΢룬һԪӿڸԪŵҪȽȫĳԪĶ츣ء
һУҹδ뿪ʼϥ£ԪתᴿԪ


967 ʮ
硣
ɽΧҵԪɽڷӿ룬ɽͬһڶش˷ձҵԪΧԪٵͬڡ
ֻʲôط
ɽ
ҵԪ
ƣҵԪڱ˴룬ʣ²һЩƣ˸޵ע
սǿ󣬵ȴУΪıԪӰǵǡԣȻעһ£ûӰ쵽ǣûʲôӦʿڱɽˣڱɽԭͲϤҲǿúܽʶҲֻܹ֪סԣʿ͸֪ˡ뵽ɽǰ
ǣҪΪԲ
ڵɳǣԲ˲࣬Ҳʮһ󲿷ֶǸ죬ҲǰɽҪʲôԴȻṩҪԳԡ
ҲмɢޣﵽԲǾҪǻ᲻ɽֻ᲻ɵɽǰˡ
ҹδʱѾ˲ˡ
ɽɽ룬û¶ĶڣֻһСֵָĶڣᱻ˷֡
иҪҵԼҲôסΣգʱӦˡ
Եܴ
ҹδĲĸǣŨԪıڵĲΡ
ʱ򣬷ڶ磬ȥ˾ŹǣڶһЩԪǴ󲿷ֻںϳһ֮ڷɽˣ֮˵ûʲôҪǣҪֲĲҩʱ䣬ɲݣڵ֮תԪ
Ǹıһеľء
ֻзγԪĻܹٳɲҩʱ䡣
ѣ
ͨĻ£Ҳᷢת䣬ǿҪǧ꣬ꡣܲòŪһһطա
Ķ
Ķ᲻ᱻ֣
ٷְٻᱻ֡
ԣҪʱ䣬»ܹŪڷڡ
Ȼҹδ벻˽ɽж٣ǿ϶ܲŪ
ǣȴôᡣ
ɽ
ΪԪңŪƣҲѱ֡ؼǣԪŨѾﵽ˵ɳǵǧҲ˵˵ҹδԪҪõʱֵһꡣȴֻҪԼʱ䡣ȻΪҹδԪ屶ֻҪһʱ䡣
һ֮ҹδֻҪÿ콫óһ߼óһΣͿԲƽʱġ÷ڵԪʼάһ͵ɳͨһԪŨȡ

ֻǴﵽͨŨȣǱ¶ɽǧŨȡ
ҹδ벻ܾһ꣬ʮꡣǾٱҹδ붼޷ˡȴ֪Բһһô㡣ĻۣγʱġڵҹδֽԪ㣬Ҳ˵ﵽɳǵŨȣֻҪµʱ䡣
ҹδʱ䣬ȫתᴿԪÿܲסʹʱͣȻ߳ɽУԼʣµһȡЩձҵԪ;ܱҵԪϴȻտʼʱǵԵֻܹܼϢʱ䡣ҹδսʶһʱóԼϢˣٴν뱾ת
¹ȥҹδ˾ϲķ֡ǼܱԪϴʱˣȻֻʮϢʱ䣬һõơϲǣּܼ޵ıԪϴ£ıٴοʼˣѾʼһ磬ƽ
ҹδĸˡ
һһʱȥ
һա
ҹδ뾭оʹ֪Լִﵽ˼ޣ㻺ͣȻ֪һΧԪŨȣбһϲ
ķѾȫԪ磬仰˵Ѿ൱ɽһ츣ء
Ϊʲô൱ɽ磬൱ɽеһ츣أ
һΪķɽ̫СˣһԪŨѾ൱ڵɳǵʮ
ԣʮҹδԤҪߡ
ҹδ˼Ƭ̣ƶϡ
ΪڱԪϴ£Ҳɳˡ뵽ϸ۷ȻֲǷļͶȳɳˣзϵЩҲɳˡ
ǿɳɳԷ
Щĳɳַ˷÷һɳԷڵĻŻᷢôı仯ҹδϸ۷ĹУѶϢʵЩѶϢϸ۷ϵĿɳɳԷõ
ЩɷɳȻûȫתɷ̸ҹδ쳣ľ޴ҹδɷʵţдУֻҪԼϵķɳΪɷҲܹɷ̶ɷˡ
ҹδһ뵽ռ䡣㽫͸ռ䣬ȻռʶڳȻȷĶˣձҵԪҹδʶ뵽ռڣռڷЩҵԪռͬһһ㣬ܿγһС涼ȶĻҺԪ
ҹδϲȻͨռ䣬ռһͣԪȻһ⣬뿪űɽкȥ
ҹδ۾֪ռ䡣ռҲϵػϢռ䲻ϵ룬ϢԪŨڲϵ
һ򱶡
Ȼһ򱶣ԪӱˣȻռһͷһ޴ĺڣϢҵĳ̶ȻѾﵽңԪŨҲ򱶡
ռٶҲ򱶵ΪһҲֻںγһ޴Уں֮ϵıԪȴûֳʲô
𡭡
һֻ޴ںռ˹ȥˣҹδһľҹδ鴫Ϣ̻ǣʶոյռϢһڱǸ޸ˡ
ҹδ󾪣ȻסˣռڻϢڷԪΪǸǿڣյľǸǿڵԪ

ԪԪյĸˡ
Ǹǿ޸оԼڿٵرɻǺܵͣ벻ףǱܵظоԼȥǸйأȴΪۿɼٶڸɱʹ˻ֻǰʱʱ䣬ǿ޾ͱøɱȻ󱻱ҵĺˮʳ˷顣

ҹδһȥռաȻҹδ
ɳڡ
ӹ̵ͽҹδǵĲҩƳ˵ҩҲûдҵıҪˡ̫ˡɾҲ򷿲ģ̫ԶˡһԺӡȻȥɳǴɾַĹ
ʱӹĸ˸ոմӱɽԻջ񻹲ڵɳǴһɾصԼԺӣϴ֮һȲ衣
ؽֳܵǵǰʮˡδʧʮˣ᲻£
ͮҲǵʮǲͣش̽ȫûϢҲûڵɳǸֹ̳ѵĳˣ
Ұ᲻Զ˵ɳȥˣ
ӹ̾Ϣһ˵ʵѾ϶ҹδˡ
ô࣬ץʱɡرСܣѾϵԲʮˣûһ˿򡣡
ؽܱصͷ
ͮһ԰οСܣҪż˽ǧ꣬ͻ硣⻹ǿģųɾŵ˶޷ͻ硣
ɽ
ҹδڷٴ۾֪һ·ڵԪŨȣʱѾﵽ˵ɳٱҡ
ڵĿռɽ̫СˡҲɽҵԪʱ޿̵ضɢ硣ǷڵԪɢ磬ŷֻղɢ硣Ԫ֮Ի٣Ϊҹδա
ҹδյͷȫȡͬܺɽһԣٱԪŨȣѾ÷ĿռŨŨȺܵˡҹδٶ
뵱ؽʱԪᴿĺϵԲҹδûʮʹˡļͶͻƵ˰벽ƽ硣
ˣһµ⡣
ҹδҪͻƣҪȻҲȱĹԣҹδϵطˣʮ꣬Լķܹʲôӡ
ͬʱһķԪڵ㣬߲㶼ʼշҪı߸ռеĻ
ʮʱ˹ȥ
һա
ҹδ۾ڶǰͻȻԼܹˡʮǰĺϵԲ֮󣬷ԼûˣΪڵѾ˼ޡ޾ܹܵļޡ


968 ս
Ҳ˵ѾԳܸΪԪ
ǣԼܹˡⲻʼ˼΢һƲ⣬֪ԼܹԭΪԼıͻˡ

ıʽͻƵƽ磬ҲݻļͶȵõʹڵԪܹһᴿѹˡ
ҹδԼһֱԵһ⡣
Լʱ򣬱ͶȿɲǺϵԲԲ˵Լ֮ǰڵԪĳ̶ȣǺϵԲԲֿʼƽͦ
ǻʲô
ԣҹδֿʼһʮֻ꣬ʮеǶ϶ġΪܿڵԪѹĳܶȣʱҪĲҲûЧҪҹδ뿪ñҵԪԼ塣
ԣʮʱ䣬ҹδ󲿷ֵʱ䣬棬ֻٲֵʱڷڡ
һθоԼԪﵽ˼ޣҪȥñҵԪˡ֮ǰҪϰߵؼһԼΪ״ͷ״
ΪȻǺϵԲıԪȣѾﵽƽءɽڱʿһ֮أһܴ̫ãҪ뿪ĵطǶ˵һʥء
ڵĻﵽͻĳ̶ȣֻǹ
ϲ³һҹδ뿪ʼ֪Լķ
ţ
ҹδɫһ䣬ԪŨôˣ
һ֮ǰڵԪŨѾﵽ˺һǵɳǵǧҶڷγԪ۵ĺڸ֪ȴֻвٱ
ʲô飿
ֱ仯ڳУ͵ٶȻͦ졣
ҹδˡ
ѵǷˣ
̸֪ȻɫһϲʶŷڰŵľӶȥ
ڷʱ䣬ʱ䡣ʵϣЩڷ仯ֻ仯ĹУյԪңֻ仯Ṇ̀ʱḶ́ŻԪͬʿƽʱȻҲԪÿյ󡣵ͻƾʱյǾ޴ˡ
ЩΪʲôͻȻԪԭΪ׵ĹУ̽һľƷ
ҹδ̫֪һĺôˡ
ԪʮŨҹδȴ֪뿪ÿ£뽫ԪܹάַڵԪŨȣڵԪŨȾͻÿ٣ֱĹ⡣ֲĸֲҩֲҩķڵԪ
ҹδԲֲҩ
Ȼԣ
ֲҩҪ
ǻǶ츣
ԪܲɶҹδҪСһ֣ضᱻ˶ϣɱ˶ᱦ
ͲͬˣȶڵԪһ᲻ϵԪֻҪҹδ벻ǱԪڵԪԿȶһŨϣ÷һĶ츣ء
ҹδ̽ʶ뵽㣬ûзɱ䣬Ҳ಻ԶһͲˡΪвԪ㣬ҹδа¾ͻԾΪƷ
ҹδҪķӱڳȻɫһ䣬Ƭĺͨĺкҽ
ⲻһСֳܹĶս
ģСս
ҹδжɿˣǷ׵ҪͷҹδǾԲʱֹסǲֹΪףԭѾŨȱͣձɽԪѾƽͣͬСϪһֱ˴󽭴ӣƾ޴
֪սھڱɽǾԼԶ˭ܹ֤սƶ߹
һսתƹԼһѡ
У
Լȥ
ڹȥ֮ǰҪһԼǿս
ǿսȻʼʶڵü࣬ʮǰⲻΪҵԪǵϴпɳɳı仯ЩѾɷȻȼӦúܵͣϾɷڵԪҲﵽǧ
ҹδϲ
̱㽫ս˱㣬ȻţͬһӿŨԪ
㲻һʱʱ䣬ҺԪЩžԾӿȥ
ֻĸʱȺԾΪƷҹδֱ̽תƽһ㣬ڶ㣬㣬Ĳ͵㣬ԪŨȡȻķս˵߲㣬ţΪӿԪӿȻҹδ뿪˱ڣ˳ͨСֵָĶڷ˳ȥ
ҹδڳһͲҽ͸ˡ
ҹδϢķȻǱ˹ȥһǱУһϸϸӦΧԪŨȡ֪ԪŨڽ֪ͣԼΧߡ
ⲻ֣ҹδ뵱ʱԲı壬ڵɳߣԲıǳ١ԣҲ벻ôҹδ΢΢һԼԪķֵĿԱüС
ŴﵽǧŨȵĵطսɡ
ʱŨԪɢˣӾķΧˡҹδıԵһʯͷ棬Ȼս
ˣ
岻ϡ棬ǿ岻ĵ̣ôô˽
ҹδԶԶؿţսʿ࣬ҲʮǸƽʿҹδȻ뿪ΧǱȥȻսżٸȻ˷ӹ̣ͮҰ
ӹ̣ͮҰһսСӣϼΪĬһ֪˼ǧ֣ҴʱȻҲʿˣ䡣˵ռơ
ĵ̡
ҹδ뿴ûΣգǰûΣգͼǱȥȻͿ˺ϵһʿսʿͶˣʿս
սܴҹδЩؽܣʿսȻҶŨԪķѣսŨԪգҹδɲҵؽܡвȷؽǲˡ
룬ҹδɱ˳ȥһɱһѰؽܡ
гһָ̣̳ָĽ綼ܹиЩϵҹδĶָ֣̳һɲǣΧЩʿ͸оͷΣУƴͷͨҪָֹȴָ壬Ѫͬٲк˳
һ̳ҹδԼҲ𾪲ѣû뵽ԼԪԲܻ֮ô󣬼֮ǰܵ
͡
ҹδ벻ϵشָ̳ҲѵõĥµĻᣬȥôĺϵԼ
ԣҹδһսһָͬʱҲԼսҪĺϵʿ壬嶼ǿࡣҹδֹˮ˵Ѿƽ
ûҵؽܣؽȴʵҹδһ־̫³ÿһضոһϵʿ
ϣ
һҹδȻָΧɱ
ָڰɫ죬ɱӯҹδսеһ
Χ־Զݣָɢɱ⣬ǸоԼɵֵοǿ˷Ǳָʿ㶼ķѡ
δ룡Զؽܴϲû˱Ϥָˡ
ʦ֣ҹδ뿴ؽҲϲָؽܵķɱ˹ȥ;׷룬ںؽɱ壬̷ؽԶݡҹδؽܺܿͻһҹδ뽫ؽ֮УȻ˺ؽܡ
ʦ֣ʲô飿
ͻϮ
ҹδоһһٵ˷½ʿ޷Ƕɽĺ
ɹ𣿡
˵Щ˺Ҫʱָ
ֻǼʱ䣬ҹδһɣأ
幥ĵһʱ䣬ص˾ͳѶϢΧʿѸٸȻôʧĺСصʿͷʿˡȻǴսҪ͵Ϯȫնɱ˸Щ󲻵ӽǾ׷ɱ
ҹδͷ룬жôŭҲһսӦòСǿƣӦܹʿȫնɱ
Ǿɱɡ
δ룬⼸ʮ궼ȥĶˣ
Ĵ
ؽܵͷûʣ֪ҹδ벻˵ÿ˶ԼܣҪ곤ãͲҪʱ˵ܣȻڼҹδľϲ֮ȻҹδԪѾ
ɽͰ͵δ룬㡭Բˣ


969 
ţҹδͷȻᣬʦ֣ҰƳȻɱ㲻Ҫ̫Զ
ã
ؽʹͷ֪ҹδҪ˽룬ԼʲôΣգҹδҲܹʱԮ
ҹδ뽫ؽƳ˲ɱһɱ¾ҹսڽˣصʬ壬ģҲġ
ʿʼɨսŹѾһ𡣿ҹδ룬ӹҲʮָˣֻʮʱ䣬ĸ˵ΪҲûʲô仯ǵ֪ҹδѾĺϵԲһ𾪲ѡҲûʱģŴɨսһߴɨӹһ߸˵˵
һսǵջӦܹһķˣܹסʮ˵ķû⡣
ҹδҲǳˣ˵Ķˡʵϣÿʿɨսٶȶܿ졣̶̵İ֮սͱɨһաʱҹδ͵͵뿪һɨսʱ򣬴Ҷעջϣûעصɽڡ
òȥΪսˡսʱ򣬴ͷŵͨǣ֪Ķڲ˵رʮƽʿԣܿͻص˴ɽڣŷǱߣܹλҲǼϢʱͻȥˡڻȥ֮ǰٻ顣
죬ҹδصɽڣ̽սʶԪĶʧˡֵ˰ҵʱ䣬һҹδüģˡҹδּæȥսʼٵشɨս
ɨս˸߲ҵŵɳǷȥں飬ǶǴе飬ЩʿûйϵҾŹ˶š
ص˵ɳǣ˵һʱ˵ɴʱɴɽ˺æųԼջ
սƷӹ̴Ŵֱһǽ״ʱŲʿǵ뷨ͷӹһҪһսǶ˷˶ջ
򷿲ܼ򵥣ǽһ޴ĵɳǵͼעɫĹ㣬ûб۵ķɫѾ۵ķǣɳǲܿзǱעɫķҲ޵ġ
޵ķҲһ˽˷һǵɳǵķ
˵ڷӹ޾סǸʮ䷿Ժӣ޵ıǵɳǹٷķڵͼϻɫġӹ̽Ǹ̵ͻɺɫǣӹ֮Ҳ޳ȥͼϵĹǺɫ
Ҳ˵ɫľͲҪˡ
ǣڵͼϻһֹǻɫֻɫķ˽ˣȴŷҪۡ
ԣҪ򷿲ֻһǻɫ㣬һɫ㡣ɫһ鷳еɫ㼸޳ȥˡҪҲֻܹͳǩԼǱߵס޵ڣܹӳ߹򡣻ܹó𣬲ھסס
ǣӹֻ빺޵ǴûˡֻҪ޸ΪͿˡ֮ǰܹڹļ۸֮ڡԣӹ̺ܿ
ŹɽӵԼĵһ
ⷿķӣ鲻һ
޵ķӣҲһסĵطˣǾǼҡԣҹδ˻ȥ֮󣬶ʼ²ʰʰӹ²󷨣ȻиʰͲԼķ䡣
ҹδҲˣԼķװһ£ŵܿʰԼʮ⣬ȻҲԼķ䲼󷨡
ӹֽؽܴ򷢳ȥƲˣƻʱ֣˾ԺͤڣףŹԼĵһҡ
ӹ̷ǳ˷ܣ˶˷ܣҹδҲˡʵϣԺӵĴСھŹסĵطֱͿ΢СݡЩھŹǣĸһУ
ҹδ˵ռشȥˣһ˾סδ壬СԺûȡǣɽ磬ɽ紷֮ˣʱֻϲ
Ϊɽĵһңɱӹ̶˾Ʊ
ɱ˶˾Ʊһ£һ
ҿʼ˵˵ЦЦӹ̵˽ʮĹʵûʲô˵ģһΪԴʮ궼û뿪ɳǡΪûʲôʵԵҹδҲ򵥵˵˵˵Լ󲿷ʱ䣬ڱɽǱߣʱҲڸĴߡԵԼȥߡ
ⲻҹδԣȥߣſɽͽʮʱ䣬ʮʱ䣬ԼڸߣɽһСС˽⡣ҹδɽ绹Ϲһ㡣Դɽ磬ڵɳڱɽ˵ǶɽˣǶԵɳǶһĨڡ
ôԣ
ͨⳡսҹδԼҲûôСΧĻһ¡
ӹ룬ͷȲųȥȰѵɳϤһ£ύһЩˡȻڵɳܱߣҸһͼ
ӹȡһݸҹδ룺ǵɳǸĵͼٴĵͼûˡ
ллҹδӹ˵ͼӹֿڵδ룬һҪעⰲȫкܴϣŵġһţԼжĺôӦ֪
ҹδͷֲûڴŴȻ֪óĵ
ǰܸ˵˵ŵ𣿡
ӹ̵ͷҵ֪һЩһЩϢǾŹǵǰ֮õϢҵġŹϷʿĿǰΪֹûһŵġõҲֻǼһšǣԴŵϢȴ׼ȷģǰȷ
ҹδ۾һ¶֮ɫ
ɽܹоŸţֱ̫ڣڣڣڣڣ££׹ڣڡ
ҪΪŵģӵһ컯ʿʣŸŶ컯ʿÿж컯ҾͲ֪ˣֹһ
ӵƽ羳ţһšһžж٣Ҳ֪˵ٸȻÿڵƽʿֻһ
ҹδбһݣû뵽һɽٶвһ
ɽܴ𣿡
ܴ󣡾˵ĿǰҲֻ̽ɽʮ֮һܹȹռסĵֻռɽ置ʮ֮һµĵطǱռ죬ǻɽҰ룬Ҳֻޡ
ǰ˵
ӵűǶšžж٣Ѿ޷ͳƣ̫ˡҼÿʱ䶼жűжŴ
ҹδͷȻ˽ɽ磬ȴ֪ɽ϶ܶࡣ
󣬷ʿǺϵŲСļͻ硣ɽ籾ʿأ
ͻҲ١
ֻҪΧˣȴзӹ̣Ұͮλ硣仰˵λдһŵʸ
ҲͿɽŻж٣ǺÿھкܶжŴһΪѰ顣
ҹδ֪ΪֻǴһŵʸ֮һҪԴûԴǻһ
ŵʼҪȥģһһšҪ󣬻ҪŵṩԴŷչ֮Ųܹô׷չģ
ܶûչ֮ǰѾˡ
ûɶ˵ģкϵʿɽǺģÿʮкʹкܶǸոմͱˡ
˵˵ɽͽ顣
ͽܼ򵥣ϢܹȷһʿǷﵽŵӵżȴܸߡ
ɽͽҲǷֵȼģŸԸЩʮģ츳ϼѵġΪ俪ʼŵġ
ǺϵʿǷģǾֻ˵ĺϵ
ǷϵǶҪܸߡͨĺϵǲҪҪšɽкܶɢ޺ϵֺαҪǷĺϵ
ҹδͷκεطɽ磬ԴҲҪģûбҪԴһŵķʿ
ҹδ뵱ⷽûеִκһŵĻŲǴơ
ΪźܴĿԼŴ󳬼еһԣҸ㽲Ŵ󳬼ŵͽ
ܼ򵥣ԡ
һǺϵԲġϡ
˵ӹҹδĿ˸̾û뵽ֻʮ꣬ʹﵽԲ
ڶ䣬ǧڣҲ
ҹδ룬ԼȷʵǷԶΪԼıѾﵽƽ۷壬ԪҲﵽƽ۷塣ԼķԪ֪ԼԪӦһʲô磬Ϊ֪ĹԪİȴֻ֪ҪԼкԼͻѾֻ߱߱
ҪĲʾԼҪԼ


970 
ϾԼֻһϵȴӵƽıԪѾˣܵĹעֹעĽǺǻҹδ벻֪ܹľǾ˹ע
ǱⷽûصģԪԡʲô취ʱ򿴿˵
ŲУһžû⡣
δ룬ǾŹЩʲô֪𣿡
ʲô
һš
ŵʲô
κһطţ벻²ƵءʵϣʲôȴȴȻ磬ҹĹֱܹ컯ҹĹƷ̫ˡֻƷֹҪ컯ǲܡƽ⣬ϣ󡣶ֻһͮҰĶҹĹ
һ㣬ʵǾڵײġս
ԣȱ򣬼ǽţƾǵʵҲױڡһŲֻһҪʺʿĹԣԽԽãһ֧һš
һ뵽ţлùĻᡣ
ӹɫΪδ룬͵ŵĹһţͻӴɽĸܣĳһЩż̽գЩЩɢǺѽӴġлòŵĹϣܹǡ
ȻҲûʲôģеֻ뵽һǵͽˡȻǵʵǿǲ㽻ʲô飬ǾҲƴȫΪȥ
ʲô鶼
ʱӸһƬȻҲˡҹδ̾ϢһǷߵıûбûԴеֻһЩƴֻΪ˸ŹǷƴɱһط
ҹδͷͬˡûʲôʧֻڼźִ񣬻ʱһõ˹Ƹӹһݰˡ˳ֵ顣
ӹȴɫϲŹҲʿţǼŶţɳޣԼˡҹδ벻ܻͬܿ볬ţڽõĻԲͬ
֮ǰǻҹδ벻ӦϾؽ˵ھŹɽ˫ֵòǺ졣ȴû뵽ҹδ붼ûԥʹӦˡӹ̼
δ룬лл
ҹδڰ֣ûҪǽչںڣڻûм볬ţԼ˳ţԼ˵ЩҲںڸչˡҹδһ˵ƾʲô˵
δ룬˵¡ǻύѣǽύѲ̫͡ڳȡ˵λָЯһ
ҹδͷû
ǲƣǻᾡԴͷ㣬ܵһЩܼĹס
ҹδɵͷҲû
ĸǵأŵĵطʵ⼸ǧҲŵĵطܺҡɽ̫ˣعϡֻ԰ȫĵطռˡѡĵطԻΣһЩ绷Զӣ߾ǱԽһЩÿ궼ű˵ǾܹһȽϺõġ
ýġ
ʵϣĸֻǽŵĻСţҪȥһҪ
ҹδ򣺡ʲô
һΪб˵ıӹȻֻҪΪ˳ŵϣܹǳɳ
Ѿˣδžͽڡ
ҹδһüͷʲôĳϣ
ӹ̿ɬǱϾɽŴСģǺϵԲġϵԲ֮ϣֻˡֱ磬ƽ컯
֪ζʲô𣿡
ҹδͷ֪ĺϵ൱ǱߵĻѾǱһŵмĶһҪ
ӹ̵ͷǶǺϵԲٽһ컯Ǿǳеĳʵ
ؼǣɽߵİ˳ɶǺϵԼϵһµʿԣϵϾߵʿǿԼһߵ磬ŷƽ磬ֻһֲп컯˿֪ϵرǺϵԲɽζʲôˡ
ǣЩɽЩûжٹУҲǣǣֹҪʱĳûڼһ֮󣬾̶йУʵϵɽ红ӼҲˣʵϵĺʱ䳤ˣȻ˹С
ɽЩҲһ㣬ҲûоܾЩʿǵţǣǲȡ˸Щ˶ŲеֶΡ
ֶΣ
ҹδüͷɽߵԼʲôԼͬԼŶʶ·ӡһ㣬ǲŵġ
ţӹ˼һµ˵ֶҲ׼ȷӦǿ顣˵ɣһţǧڣᴫڸĹǧڣÿʮͱһһʧܣӳʮʱ䡣
ȻǧʱڣĸָһҲȱ٣һ
˿飬ԵõĹͻ֮ǰǺϵӵĸÿʮҲһ
ͻ֮󣬰˵ԳΪŵƷϡ㲻ԡҪǧʱĿ顣
ڽǧʱ䣬ƷϵĸȴûƷϵȨÿһ
ǧȥԳΪƷϡ
ʱѾͨŵĿ飬һĽ㡣ĳΪ˳ŵĳϣƷϡλȨܴҲչǸʱٳһţܹڸոճͱˡ
ҹδͷִһţΪڵʿҲŴĸҲһŵأܱĴƯҪࡣ
ҵΧ֮ڣһæ
ȻΧ֮ڡӹ˵ļţԲܳ£ǶˣҲܳ¡
ҹδͷ£ʵŶǼӦüĸţ
Ÿֱ̫ڣڣڣڣڣ££׹ڣڡ
̫ڣڣڣڣڣǵš£Ƿţ׹ں͹аšδ룬أ
Ȼǵš
Ǿڣ̫ڣڣںͲڡڣ̫ںʿ࣬ۺʵҲ΢ռơӦĻȨҲ΢һЩʿҪٲ١˵̫ڣںеκһŶаϵʿȴֻжʮҡǳڵĸսʮǿȴܹȵġеΡʿڣ̫ں٣ȳڶ࣬ʮҡǸսȴֲڡԣʿϲţսֲڡ
δ룬ʲô뷨
Ҿȥڿһ°ɡұʿȻѰǳûиսҵ˳ķȴҲδܹ
ӹ¶Ȼ˵ɫӹ̼˾ͽǵļžܵĸҹδ롣һֱҹʱ֣˲ɢȥ
ҹδصԼķ䣬̿ʼ̽鱾
ԪŨֻеɳǵٱңһڼСڱա
߲ƷʱһգһƷƷıƽҹδҲ֪ʲôʱܹ˱ڣûдﵽʱٽ㡣ҹδ룬鿴ÿһڻʣ´һŨԪ
ҹδ룬ǲǸӹһ
ֻ˲䣬оͷ뷨һǲǺôǻһ¶ˡ
ԱıҲûûбҪЩŨԪǱ㽫սڣʼڵԪ㶼кڡ
ֻкٶȣҲҪһʱ䡣ǣҹδ벻ٴɷкʼ۲ʮǰȥĸֲҩЩҩѾ˼ӣ˵ϣԼҹδϸֱ۲죬µһĲҩѾɲݵζɲݣɲݱĹСмӦܹɲˡ
ҹδȥ˱ֱ͹۲ɲݣҲˡһһھŹֲѾǧҩĲҩ
̫ˣ
Щҩ㹻ӹƵҩʮġ
ҹδǱƿߣһЩǧҩĲҩзȻÿһֲҩһ𣬱սһָС
뵽ռڣȻ;ˡ
Ȼ֪ռܵ˱ɽģȴû뵽ջô
ռԪѾȫҺγһ⻹ȵģǸ´Լʮ׵ĸ״Ԫɡ


971 ɽͽ
һܻȥɽĳ嶯סֳ嶯ϴûз⣬ȥͰȫЩܣ¶һ¾ͻˡ
ҹδû״Ѿʮ־ˡ
ıѾﵽƽأԪҲﵽƽأһԪҪĲءȼٿʼҲ١
ա
ҹδ뽫Щҩ͸˷ӹǣȻڷӹ̵ǧ£뿪˵ɳǣܱ߿ʼ
˲һ£ͷֵɳ򣬶Щһ幹ɣЩǷߵĺг߻ߡ룬ҹδˡ
ǵɳǣɳǵľ󲿷ʿǷߣЩ߾Ǳžܾʿ
ؽܣѾˡǣȴֻмŵϣΪѾǧˣͿġ
ЩʿֻеɢޣȻʱţ;ԽԽûϣѰҵ£Ȼڵɳⶨӡ
Ϊʲôٵɳڶӣ
̫ˣ
Ȼ󽥽ؾγһ壬Ȼ;ǵĺԲμӸŵĿˣС
ⷬ˽⣬ҹδͿʼŰݷáҶǷߣ㲻һģٻһ棬һϵԲʿŰݷãҲܲӴ
ҹδݷһĿľ۵ͨ۵硣ͻ磬Ѿ֪ΪѾ˷ӹ̵Ĺ
Ҫ磬Ҫٵġде
ǹͬеĳ̶ҲͬͬͬٳĵʶҲͬһӹ̿ٵĵĺСעսע˺ͻƽ硣
ҹδͨݷַʽչԼ۽磬Լĵ̡۵ĹУҹδ۽磬ÿ涼ÿصĶ⡣۵֮ȻǱƴûҹδĶ֣ȻҹδͳûЩе档
Ȼܶû棬еļСЩҹδǱ֪ҹδֻǧ꣬⼸һŵĵӣȻҲԸύӼҹδ룬ҹδ۵Ȼ󻹺ҹδд衣
ҹδĵԽԽȻûԼĵķʽЩоԼÿһ춼ӶһָоûӦĵķԼһֱȥҲҵԼĵķʽ
ֻʱܻܾã
ʮʱ䣬ҹδȥ˺ܶطݷ壬ύѡȻ󷵻˵ɳǡ
ص˼ңַӹĸ˶ڣŨĵҩζֻɫЩ̫ˡ
ôˣʲô¶
ӹ̱̾ϢһڰǰĲҩƳ˵ҩȻ߳ɵҩĳɾһ絤ĵƲ
ΪΣ
ӹ̿ЦԭǶ絤죬ԼȻŵʧҲҪʱȥҲҪԴġûôԴ絤Ĳҩˡ
ҿ
ӹ̵ݸҹδһ
ҹδ뽫ӹס˵Ȼ󽫵˷ӹ̡
絤Ҫʮֲҩʵҹδӵʮһ֣ʮǰӹ̵ЩҩоУʵ
õҸĲҩ
ʮһ֣ǹ֣ȻʧˡʧܵԭӦþʮһֲɲݣȻֹʮһֲҩʧˡѾʧ˼ʮεˣԴĵûжɾˡǻҪ
ʣֲҩӣɳ𣿡
У
ǰȥչҹδ뽫Լ󲿷ֵʯ˳ʮҲջ񡣱ɱޣٱɢҪɱɱ˼ʮƷʯʮʣµʮ򶼸ĸˡ
ĸ֪ҹδҪڷֲֲ˶ˣԼֲȻʡĸ˷ʶֱȥ̹ͬӡʱĸ½ӽҹδ룬ӹ̵
δ룬Ȼˣĸ׼ȥԣ׬һЩɾһЩ絤Ĳҩ絤ǵƣһѧˣǵúܶࡣ
ֻҪ׬ɾǵǲسȥԣҿԸǲҩǿƺϵȸֵҩʺϺϵ֮µĸĵҩ
㻹вҩӹһ㡣
Уҩܵͣһֻʮ꣬ɽֲģΪһҩûתɲݡȴҲһЩɲݵζҲ֪ܷƳɸֵ;ĵҩ
϶ܰӹ̴ϲֻӦƷ
ƾСһȥơҰѲҩһ£ƹʮġ
ӹĸ˵һӾͰʮǲóȥԣ㹻ԴˣǻԹ絤Ĳҩ絤һƳɹɵͲȱԴˡ
ҹδ뽫ڶʮҩĲҩȥˣȻ˱ȥңԿʼ
ҹδû̿ʼǹҵĴţֲ󷨣Ȼ뵽֮С
˵ǧҩĲҩǵһҩڷֲĲҩѾǵˡҹδϸۿЩҩѾܽӽɲˡƵڰ˴ܹתɲݡ
Ҫһʱ䣬ܹѣȻֲܹڰ
֪һ±ڵԪŨȣѾֻʮģȴٽˣŨȣѾǿӿˣֻ
Ԫγһƽ⣬ڵԪϡ
ҹδȥǸ״ҪȱһЩΪݻҪȱС̫࣬Լֻаٷ֮һԣÿһҲţһյУڵԪŨҲһٶ౶ڵԪѾˡ
ҹδ뽫תƵʶڣȻЩҩͱڵĲҩ࣬ҲҪһʱ䣬ֲڰ
ҹδӷڳϸϸӦֳϲɫ
ϵķѾɳΪɷֻҪҹδչ򣬱ܹɷ֮ΪûдУʱܳ˴Уз룬ٶȻǳ졣ԣҹδûȵţõ֮Ǹʱʿٶȿࡣ
ʼƺϵһƷĵҩҪʮҩ䣬ȴѾһЩϵĲҩܷƳҩ
ܣ
Ʒ
Ϳˣҹδ֪ⲻԼˮƽǲҩС
Ǿͼ
ҹδ׼꣬ȻЩҩˣȡɾԼ¡ţԼҲҪЩҵ
ʱȥ˽ص˼ҡ⼸ʮʱ䣬ӹѾ͵ɳһЩ˹̶ϵЩҩ׾ͳ˳ȥ
ҹδԼƵҩɾ˽ʮƷɾΪͲĹҲڵԪָһָͲڲμſ֮ǰԪˣǼˣԪŨҲһ˿
ҹδ뿪ʼ뿪ǰ׼ڵĵڰҩѾ꣬ҹδϸѾɲݡҩҩӣƷԽԽߡҹδ뽫֮ǰҩװһָУЩҩ׼ӹǣЩҩ㹻ӹĸƵҩҡ
ȻǲƣҲҪȥƵҩֻǻԴķʽ˼㣬ڣǽȱԴ
ҹδ뽫Щָ͸˷ӹ̣ΪԼضԼţʲôԭ벻˳ţǶſ϶û⡣֮ǰʮҲ෽Լĺ㡣
ӹĸ˵õЩҩҲЩҩƵĵҩ֮󣬲ǿԴԹͨԼսӡԣڶҹδһŰſɽͽֻҪҹδܹһţǾϣ
ؽҲϣȻԴҹδ֮ǵСӹò֪ҹδضţˣԺСӻܹò
ҹδĲҩڻòԪ˵Ǻ̵ܶһ˲ԣҪšΪ磬ϣһŵġ
һСŵĴҲҪǿ̫࣬ҶһųΪΪһСſ϶û⣬һСţʵǿҲǺϵ˵սСŵ
ЩСҲֱ컯ĴеģֻûǸ磬ǿǺϵˡ
ԭкܶ࣬ҲǴӴ˥ģŴСҲżȻеõֱ컯ĴСչСŲࡣ
ǣؽܼţǸԴ
УҲἫ٣˻б
ᣡ
ԣҪţŵԴԶһЩԼҲһϣ
ɳ
һ½ڵɳǣԤʾſʼͽҪʼˡ


972 
һա
ҹδųڵɳǵķȥؽڡǶҹδܷڣ̶ҹδȥҹδ뿼˳˽ؽȥյӵʱһ¡
˳ڵķãֻĸվųڵķΣǵǰźܶڿ˵ˣЩ˵˶ǳᣬСĿȥʮꡣⲻҹδһ㣺
ǰôôС
ӹЦŴ󳬼Ƿ߿ɽͽĵһǲ䣬ǧĺϵԲûбҪˡǷߣǧͻƵϵԲĲûУǼϡ١оŸţû鿼ˣҲûʲôֵġЩˣǷߵĺѾǷߣЩˣȻĿ˷ʽ
ŶȥŶӡ
ҹδ˶ĺ棬ʵʵŶӡӹĸվڲԶȺЩšǾŹǵĻᡣʵϣҹδҲЩţϵĵ;
ҹδ뿴ǰһ˹䣬ȻͱˣõĴšҹδ֪ӦŸֿ˵ķʽЩڷõĴ⣬ֻһǲ䣬Ȼͱߣٶȷǳ졣Ŷʱ䣬ҲһЩӷôſ߳е˸߲ҵȴļ˳ЩӦǱ¼ȡˡе˴ͷɥųЩӦǱ¼ȡˡԱһ£¼ȡķǳ٣̭ķǳࡣ
ӵʱ䣬ֵҹδ룬ʱҹδ˳Ķ顣ڲԶӹĸ˶ŵҹδ롣
ûв֮ǰҹδòǳᡣԵǸʿҹδĹ֮Ŀⶼֳһ˿ȣ
ߣ
ǣҹδͷ
ʿһ̾Աߵʿ˵ʦ֣λĹǧһꡣ
λʦ۾Ҳһߡ
ҹδʦֵǰֵǰ
ػõͷ΢ЦƣҪܡ
ҹδƣػñʳָʳָðһƽȻҹδһ̡
ҹδûж㣬Ѿ֪ǽֻǺϵԲܡ
ǽҹδϣҹδûзӦʿϲ
ͷһԪ
ҹδһָͷųһԪԪɢֻǺϵԲȡ
ػõͷͨˣȥʦǼǡ
Ѿ֪ŶЩ߲Եķʽ˼򵥵ЧĲԣҹδûʲô֣л֮󣬱˵λʿǰ
ǰ
Ҳ¶΢Ц
ҹδ롣
ĸ½磿
Ź硣
ְڣȻҹδһ£㣬ȷҪ𣿡
ǣҹδ϶ػص
ˣһ𣬾ǳڵĵˣȥμŵĿˣ̶ţڣڵĽӦ֪ɣ
ҹδһµǰڿ֮ǰھŴ󳬼Ҳϸоžǰڡ
ԣ¶Цݣڶ£ڿԻȥһЩ˽¡һڱ
ףҹδͷǰһ𣿡

к͵һķ߼𣿡
һѾȥ˽ˡӦûУǲࡣ
лǰˡ
ҹδʩȻתŷӹĸȥųõЦݡʱӹĸҲ˽Ļһ˸߲ҵӭ
δ룬ϲ
ҹδҲһؽܵߣʦȥˡ
ԣδź죬СҲһû⡣ӹ̸˵˵ؽƺҲһЩ
ǣȴԽԽһʮ죬˼ܱˣȴûһؽܡ
ʱڼһƬĬ죬ӹ̵СܣôģȥţǺһڵɳǣ
ؽܵɫÿ̾ϢһȥһŰɣʲô飿
ӹϵؽܵѡҲ˿ŵʵǿҪģҪǣű˵ӵкõĴУɸѡһ£ܹжʮʮţֱ컯һƷ˵Ѿڲٶˡ
ؽܽ˷ӹ̵ݹһ߿һߵһʲô飿
ҹδ˼һµʦ֣ҪһڽţԴҲܹһЩԴδܹ㣬ǲҩû⣬ܹ
ؽܵ۾һԼĴеõƷȻҹδṩĲҩԼԴϻϾûʲô⡣
ġҹδ˼˵ڼźҪĻǵ͵رڶźɽ绹̫˽¡ԣڽ֮ҵ뷨ѧϰڵ磬ټҵʱṩĲҩòҩѣҲܹǶȥ絤϶û⡣
һǳɹƳ絤ӦžһĵλʦְҵΪǽύѵֶΡǸʱŵĴӦú࣬ıչ
ؽܵ۾һҼһţΪߵҲͺһһϵԲҹڣܹƺϵλѾܸˡôĻŻܿ򿪾棬ܹƳ絤ҲһĻȨԴбҵ;
ҿɽڳڵķΧ֮ڣڳڵĸţڲԶҾͼɽڡ
δ룬Ժ鷳ˡ
鷳ҹδڰֵڼ֮ǰһЩϵĲҩֲĲҩֻвҩ䣬Ҳ֪ܷƳ絤ҽڣڲۿһЩĵãпܵĻһЩǰܹƳ컯ұȥѰ㡣ʱ򣬸Ͳҩʹڸ絤
ãллߡ
뿪˼ңؽܵѾȫֱͬɽڣؽܺ׵ؾͨ˿ˣɽڡ
ʮ죬˶û۵ʱ⡣ӹ̸ҹδؽÿʮƷɾĻ˵Ҹ·ҹδҲûоܾ飬ӹ̵˻ҹδҪǻޡӹָؽܴĲҩˣһµʱҹδؽ뿪ˣԱԼš
ӹ̣ͮҰϣȥıӰ
ҹδ˳ڷãе￼ˣȥǼλڵǰȻ
ȥöߵĿԺǷ߾ס
ǣȥˡ
ҹδ߽˷õĴţȻŶȥ㿴һԺ룬ԺһͤʱʿȾƣʯϻڷĵСˡʿޣҹδ߽۾㶼һվ
¿Ǽŵʦã
ҹδߵͤڣʩҹδ룬ԾŹ磬λʦγƺ
һͷԸߵʿֻ죬ǣǽ硣
Ǹͷ԰ʿҲֻëöɣ硣
ҹʦ룡ȡƱҹδǰƺҹδƵҴǣǽģȻûʲôԪζһҹʦó
лл
һҹδһþ֮𣿡
ţëöɿڵ߾ͽ̫ϸ񣬳ŶˡһӦܹһܵӰɡҲ콾ˡ
쿪ڵҪ˵ӦǾ콾ɽһ˵ǧͻƵϵıǾ콾ҾΪɽҲɽ磬˵ǧͻƺϵǧﵽϵԲҲ¡
ҹδ룬ҲˡҲҿ϶Ԫȴ
ΪǷߣϵһʼЩ׽ҹδһߺģһ߹۲ˡ
ԸЩëöɵԸȽϳȡ
ʱֺһƵҹʦã֮Ҫɽ壿
ŵľϢҹδ뾪ȵ
ҹδľȣǣǽĿǰǰڳڣǣǽڵɳǵפ㻹ϵԶԳһЩ˽⡣
ҲźšǵΪȻֱӼšڳŵӵݣҲŵӵĸǵһȴǴšĿϤһţһ⵽ڵ롣
˵һЩˡëöһȰ˵ʱ˵ҲǱոأûʲô
˵Ҳǣ㬵ֻҪʮ񣬱šȴǶɽ壬Ϊɽ״ӡ
˵ֻаٷ֮һʿΪɽ״ӡԣ֮Ҳǰʱ䣬ʱǸ˽ɽ壬Ҳøɽ˽ǵʱ䡣ǿȥɽĳɽ塣ǣЩδػѡǡ
һ˫ѡһɽ壬Ϊ״ӣ͵λȻͬ
ûɽĵأ


973 
ûаɽĵӶȥˣźܶɽ壬ɽֻʮ
һ壬ֱǵķ壬µʮɽǸϷ塣ֻʮɽŻͽܹնˣ
ԣžĵӶûʦġΪЩϡЩͽϸġ
ûʦĵӣô죿
˵ˣֻʮɽͽģΪʮɽķ컯ʿڳڣҲֻ컯ʿʸսһɽ壬ɽΪԼĵǣżʮɽ壬µɽǲͽġ
ȷ˵塣
ɽ֮ԱΪ壬Ϊڵִȵȶɽϣɽǳת࣬㷽ûʦô죬ȥۿͨȴУҲԿǰǵĵáÿµĵһ죬гڴ˭ȥ
ҹδͷ־һƣʵЩûʦĵסĶ
ŵʮɽ壬ЩûʦĵӾס
ôɽ壬Ϊʲôֻʮɽ壿
һǹˣȻЩӾסɽ壬ĺܽǶڵĿռԲСɽ壬ͬʮɽƷϾס
Ʒϣ
ţ
˵ͻƷϣ
ЦˣƷϣƷϡʮ˷컯ʿҲͶƷϡһͻƵ磬ƷϣٶƷϡ
һԵëöһƷϲ״𣿡
Ȼԡͷȴһ˿ų⣬еƷϵ˼Ǻܶ콾ǲԸƷΪʦġһƷΪͣܶƷϵѾܴˣΪҲˣһӵ羳硣˶ǵָޣһҲͻ磬ǾȫûָһǣٶƷϷֱסʮɽϣÿɽҲҪסʮˡʮ˷壬һΪƷϵĵӣƷϿǶռһ壬ǿɽϣӵԼĶƷﲻС
Ź涨Ʒϵɽ忪ֻܹƷϾסһڣ㻹סڵɽ壬ÿȥʦ̡ܲ㡣
ҹδëöɶ΢΢ͷÿʿԼܣԶͱ˾סһʦͽĺܲ㡣
ʵϣһû˵Ĺ򣬴Ҷ֪ĹǱʦͽϵ
һȷʦͽϵǱһʮֽܵĹϵѾ˸ӹϵ
ʦҪӴҲҪṩԴͬǣҲҪΪʦƴ
ʦӣҲʦ˭һǿʦ
ƷϾƽʿɣëöʵ
ԣ˵ڵƷҲһٶסʮɽϣÿɽסʮңȻҲͽҲʮɽϵҪʦסһС
ëʦ֣ҹʦʲô뷨
ʦ֣Ϣ̫Ҫú˼ҹδǫѷ
Ӧúú˼ڵʲô飬ңһæ
ллʦ֡
ÿֵˣԭӦûëʦ֣˵ǲǣ
Ȼëöɳȵȡů
һԷֿصԼķ䡣Խܶ࣬ҹδѡһס˽ȥϸϸ˼
뷨ͬʦݣһǿʦԼδҪǿ󣬻ƷҲʮҪ϶Ŀʮ˷塣Ҳ֪ʮ˷δؾͻѡԼ
һɽ粻ȱ콾ҳֳŻž콾һ棬ԼǳڴСģһʮ˷ʧֵġ

Լʱأ
һ꣬һ꣬Լ˽ţҲ˽Լʱ䣬Լϸȫ˽⣬Ҳ١
Լһô
ëöɵĻʵǶ˿ĵķʽԼ״һַʽģܹõƷġ˵ܹƷģʧܡΪĹϵδĵ;
ҪƷҪʺԼĹ
Լһɶ
ԼԪˣҲﵽƽأԪҲﵽƽأҪƾԼճܡ
ڱɽУԼǱǸȣԼĴʧȥЧҪЧͱһ롣ǽһ룬ΣաԼڵʵǲʺϣҲͻ档һ֪ĶжԶ
ǳûʥأ
ԸԼ
Լں󣬵һҪ˽ġУԼչأרԼĻʮÿһԼס
ҲһֻۣһԼõʺԼĹģͻ磬Ҳˮɣһ͵顣
ûʺԼؾԼʱȡԣ㲻ʼţԼҪȥϤɽ磬ҲǳȥѰһԵ

ؾȥ󣬶ҪŻ֡
ҹδ̫ѨԼ϶ҪĴĹͨټؾŻֿ϶Ǻġ
Ӧܹ׬ȡŻְɣ
ԼҪʼҹδ뿪ʼ˼ƻĿԡȻȷС
ܹ׬ȡ֣һܹͨύһʿҪžûֵýύʿŵҲǴģҲž콾
²ƵеºҪҹδͨʿĽʻԼĵ̣ҿͨʿĽܣ˽źɽ硣ҪǣҲԼĵλ
Ǿɣ˽Ĳ࣬ٳȥ
պ
ʼᣬһеʿ˵ƽʿ˵˷ۣųڵķȥ
ܹʮ˸ӣС꣬ıëöɣǧʮꡣΪҲǸͬȻҹδΪߡ
ھҹδڵĵɳǺԶԷ۵ٶȣȻ£ŵڣɼɽж
ڵĺΰҹδҲоЩԾ

̫ˣ
ϣ
˵һо졣
ڲʱʿڷɣеգеָУн͵ģҶ״ģ״ģл״ģȵȡŸ޵ġ
ۿʼ䣬ȻһЦϳҲˡյҿʮ˸ӣԳΪ콾
վڼװϵҹδ˲תȥһҷҲ·䡣۵ļװվһɷǵʿʱڶųдЦֳȻ֮ɫ
οʮӣһôĽɣ
ɫһ䣬ҹδ룬ëöɺɫҲһ䡣
ҷеʮˣȴ˵ʮӡ
ʲô˼
ǰų
ֻбӲӣ
˶һۣжһѵڶЩߵųѾô
ǻǸʲô
ǵŵĴ֣ڻң
и֪˵Ϣ仯΢һ£ջǽһ䣺
Ƕϵˣӡ
ҹδ˵鲢ûΪ仰жɡ˵еȷʵˣӦˡǣŲ
ж죬ûʲô˼
ҹδǱͳһһɽ壬Ҫһ˸ɳǿɽͽ˶پͽһ˸ɳǾԶнȻʱ䲻һطͽ㣬Ҳظϡ
ʱɽѾвٵˣʮߣԲͬĵɳǷʿȻʱۣЩ߲ͱЩµӽʵЩµ̫СˣΪҲ͡ûʲôͬԡ
УҲķڳڻ᲻ᱻųʹѹҲ뿪ɽ壬޷ϢҲֻܹȡ
ֶʮһ֮½½سȥյӵķ۶ˣѾǧǷҲһٸ
ͽ俪ʼˣͽĳࡣһ֮󣬱ÿ˷һָȻݵӸΪĲͬŷÿƷ͵ġ
ҹδЩߣŵľƷ
ÿ˻һƣǳڵӵ֤پһųڵĹ򣬸ŵĵͼؾȵȵȵȣʮϸŵӵġŵһЩͼؾȵûеġ
ÿһٻ֣еһģʲôΪҲǱǷߡ
оǶѡĵͼ̵ıʾû˾סģıʾѾˡȻҲԼѡһطԼһȻϱžͿˡ
ܹһһߣͽ֮󣬱Ȼؾһ𣬴жûеף֪ڶԴЩʲô̬ȣȻڳǰڻûϵϡʵҲ޷ϵֻеЩǰϵǡ
ǣ˭֪Щǰ᲻ϵǣ


974 
һһߴʱΨһͷǱȡůֻһ飬ҵĶǲǶһ𣬱̵õ˵ͬ⡣
ʵϣЩ˶أŵûʲôӰ죬в࣬Ϊ͵ʿӰ죬˵ŨԪطΣ
ҪǿĵĴУֵò
ԣЩ˺׵ؾҵһԪһɽ壬Ȼһס˹ҸԿٶҲûƺܶ࣬;סһ꣬ûбҪʱ˵Ķ㶼ꡣҶӶгһؽҲڷŵ̬ȣͬʱҲ໥Լļƻ
ҹʦãʲôƻһʿʵ
ҹδҲûɡҾһ飬ǾŸģ½磬ɽ磬ҩʿɻȱġЩʿˮƽܸߡƲ絤һΪĵҩ׶١ˣܹǸ˽ţܹ׬ȡܹ֡Ƴ絤ӦñܹӴЩˡ˶ŵ̬Ҳܹ˽⡣
۾һһ·һжʵ£õһ·ЩԼǷ磬ΪﵽϵԲûһ˿֮ǰѵʱ䣬û£ѧЩȥˣԲ⣬ȻҲƷҴͨҲеͬ
еĶеƷееԣҴʱҹδĻ֮󣬱ŸԵѡ񡣻Ʒ󣬻ǲʲôҹδһΪԣҹδЩʿѾһȽҪλáҶסҹδ롣
ʵϣҹδȻƷΪԭ򣬿ԼƷ棬ž˱˵룬ѡҪǣķвҩòĲҩ
кϼһһȥȻԻصԼĶ
ա
˾һȻط֮󣬴ҾɢȴۿǽеȥеȥƷеȥеȥ
ҹδѰҵȻҵƺϵܹƵƷĵҩǺϵȻҪƺϵƷԽߵĵҩ׬ȡŻҲԽߡ
дú
ϵһ¯£ǳʮšǼܹԣŵǣṩϣһ¯ϽŶʮţµĹСʮţǾҪǷţֱ㻹塣۵ǷһٿţžҪǿƸɷΪ黹ǷծŵԴ޵֡
ϽĵҩݵҩĲͬĻҲͬ
ϵѾǽΪ߼ĵҩˣһƷϵ׬ȡʮŻ֡ƷǶʮ֣Ʒʮ֡ŻֵļֵǷǳߵġ
ҹδȡʮݲϣȻһҡҵ޷һʱһ֡
ҹδٶȷǳ죬ⶼڵɳƺϵġƽһʱһ¯ҶƷҲ
ʮʱ֮ҹδͽʮ¯ҩɣʮƷϵжٿϽţһʮŹԼǧ֡
ҹδûжԼڵĲҩΪҩЩͣ׼ҩﵽʮٿʼãĻܹ֤Ʒʡ
ʵϣҹδ뻹Ǿʮҩ˵ȻɲݣǹҲֻܹƳƷҪƷϲܡ
ҹδڳȥȻضϴϢһ죬ڶڵһ¶췻С
¶췻ڳŵһɽڣȻǳڽġڽһУĿľǸӽġ
ڵĵҲеʿгȥõһЩۣס
ҹδѡһطȡһ鲼дƷϵȻȡʮСƿÿƿڷһźϵϥ
ܿʿһƿ򿪿һ£ɫһϲ
Ʒϵ
ʦ㣬ô
ŰƷɾ
ҹδʵϣƷϵ̳ۣûֺŶһ൱һǧƷɾҹδ֮ҪŰƷɾһΪֶȱʿȱɾȴ֡һ棬ҹδúϵ򿪾ģԱñһЩûбǮҩģЩҩϽ֮ʣġѵҲʮҡ
λʿһۣ˼Ȼȡ˾ǧƷʯʮƿϵҹδͽײһգ׼뿪ûͶԷڨҲܹݣȴû뵽Էһ仰ҹδƷ
ʦ¼ŵķ߰ɣ
ͱˣҹδɫ䣬ȴþҲͷǣҹδ룬ǣ
ŵӣɡ
ʦΪ϶µӣǷߣ
ɱЦŵŵӺܶ࣬ȻᶼʶܹƳϵĵӾͲˣ㲻ʶҲ졣ҡ
ֹҹδֻܿʵʲô
ÿοɽͽʦЩΪ˽źɽ磬¶췻г۵Խύŵӡ
˵ҹδ뻹ʲô׵ģ
ԼһУԭӶˣŵҲ֪˵ɾǱģ򵽱˵ĵҩ߷ȡƴʱкܶӶ¶췻ѰЩߡḻҹδ룬ʱɫҲ΢΢죬ҲƤ
ɷһԶٷ
Ҳʹ죺ܰ׳ԣ˭ԸⰡҺ˵һҾ¥мƲˣǽһζǹ˵
۾Ź⣬ҹδ֪ԼҪˡεո׬ľǧɾ
ɵֳһ˿˼Ҳ඼ûˣٵ
ãҹδһֲֵԼԣҲ볢
һĴָҹʦ㣬ߡ
һʱһڣ˶˵ӲأԵǽһ졣˳Եһɶҹδ벻޵
ζ
кʰȻϲ裬Ŷҹδûƭɣ̲صΪԺԲƣζȷʵѰ
ţҹδ豭һڲܳԵζҪллʦܣٷԵֵҲ˼źɽˡ
Цû£Щ֪˵һС顣
ҹδҲЦò˵ɺܻˣ̸Ц֮䣬崺硣
ҹδҲŤֱؼ⣺ʦܣŶЩߵ̬Σ
ɫҹʦãҪ㣬ҲǷߣɽΣҪǣڡǳڣŴ󳬼ŵԶɽδйߵ
ҹδоһѾ̬ˡ
Ҫǣͷ֮һֱУСľУлʤʱ򣬵ڴķ棬ԶǱʿߴδʤȻǰһֱȡ
ҹδи־ƶҹδ˵ܲáŵˣɼľ롣
Ӫ
ŵʮɽ壬һɽȻ塣ÿһ״ӱضǱӣδйߡµʮɽʱıǨͬ
˵ɽ塣
ɽУĿǰֻзķǷߣµɽǱʿ˵µʮɽ壬ҲֻɽķǷߣµɽǱʿ
֪ζʲô𣿡
ҹδɫɬʿֻܹ뱾ɽ壬ֻܹ߷ɽ壬ɼؾӪ֮
ɵͷ
Ƿз߼뱾ɽ壬ʿɽ壿
Уǳ١ԽԽ٣ǧѾûˣΪЧá
ΪΣ
˫ɡҲֳһ˿ɬ߼뱾ɽйǡǹԼΪӡҲйǣǺ·߼ǱģǼϸ֮ȻôкõĽ
ҹδ֮ҲȻ
ֿڵһѡ񡣡
ѡ񣿡ҹδȼϣĲӪ֮
ߣĸӪҲ룬ȻҲͲܳΪ״ӣκһɽҲ룬Ҳζûʦˣ̶ȵعӪ֮ǣûʦԴ̣ԴҲȱ١ͬʱҲᱻͷż֮Ҳû졣;ѡ
̶ֻȵعܣȫܣ
Լأ
ҹδĬȻ̾Ϣһʱ׿Ȼȥ֮ϸϸ˼ҲܽһԣҪ෽
ʦܣ˵˵ŵʲô
΢΢ɳ˵ӦҲ֪Ҫͻ磬ҪԪҪﵽ磬Ҫȴﵽ硣
Ԫһ㣬ǧ㲻õСֻܹԪȺͱǿȡ
ؾؾ԰㽫Ԫ۵ڣҲ۷壬Ҳ۷塣Ҫǵȥšؾı壬Ҳֻܹ۷塣
µûʲô


975 
ҹδΣڸͲҪıԪﵽƽ۷塣
ǲأ
ֻкϵϵһµĸֹͨȻҲиǰǵĵáϵûС
ŵĵأ
ӦоУֵȼĵĵãȵȷ涼СĴԴûơҪŻֲܹۿ
ҹδͷԼ㻹Щ
һԼڵִаɣҲֻǰʱ⣬ת˲ȻÿʮɵĹУԼҲҪܹԼаĻԵ
ʦܣܺ˵˵ɽ𣿡
û˵ȡһհһЩѶϢȻݸҹδ
̫ˣȥȥġҸ嵥
ллҹδϵлӹȻʵʦܼȻǱʿΪλң
ɿЦǱʿȴûаκһɽ塣ҵʻǲһЩҾվڱӪҲҽύߣͨޡȻӪ֮ûеҵĳ̶ȣйصġ
лʦܡ
ʵʵġ
ҹδɫһ㣺ʵʵģϵ
ЦҵȻҪϵֻеĻҲṺ򡣡
˼ǣ
ǽһ¡
ҹδ۾һ
˿ʼ˫ǳ˷ֿʱɴڸҹδһִѶһհƳɴѶ񽣣ڷԲ໥ͨѶ˴ӡ˫ֱ
صǰһʰʶĶȻĶȥƣëöɵȼʿӭ˳
ҹʦã
ҹδ빰Ϊ˽뵽Ķ˷ܵǣǽǰˣҽõϢʹҷһ¡
˶˶䣬ֳ֮ɫϾԼڳ˿ɽȵõϸϢ
쿪ʼëöɼʿĽɫֻҹδɫƽΪ콲ĺɴͬ콲Щ֮ڽһЩҹδ벻֪Ȥ顣
ҵǰһĺΪһ;٣ϵԲΪ˶·塣
һ£ҹδëöɵ˶΢΢һüͷͮǶˣĺͼ;ɽ϶üǧˣһ磬һ綼ǡ
쿴˵ɫϱֳõǲǾǰʺ̫
ҹδֳһ˿Σоôġ
͡ЦһǿɶǷһ飬Ҹǲͬġʹ;ǰ;ǰ˵ͻҪԪ񡣶Ԫǿٵؼ֮
ҪԪȥģԪԽǿĵԽսԽǿδĵ·ҲԽߡ
֮ǰЩ磬СԪĵҲǳСս£һסǵδͻƵƽ硣ҪһǿԪˡ
ǣЩˣûҪһСԪɣ
˶׷׵ͷ
ԣѡ񹦷Ҫ;ǰ˵ѡһǿĹʹǰԪ񡣡
ҹδ˻Ȼҹδбһ
ԼѾԪˣ֪ԼԪǿ󣬻С
ǣⷽԼҲ֪֪Σ
ԪѾˣָı䲻ˡ
һΣҹδĵˡ
ԼԪСԼĵ;
Ӧòɣ
ϾԼԪ񹦷ģ㲻ǿҲӦС
ǡ
²СֻеȣҲİ
ʱٴοڵȴҽţѡ·ԡ
˴ʱϢһ˼л֮һԼĶ
ҹδϥڶɫأԼԪ񣬵ûбȽϣĲ֪ԼԪӦһʲôȼ
ȥɡ
ҹδǧĲţ뵽֮⣬̤ƶСŲ⣬߽˲
߲㣬ȻһǹںϵġҹδҲΣŵĹУߵҲǺϵ
ҹδ¥ߣÿһ㣬ܹһЩʿĶʿǳרע֪ҹδ߹Ҳиպûʿ¥ݽŲһֲۣʶҲͲٹע
ҹδҲעǣֱ˵߲㡣֮£ֳ߲ĸ
ֱǣഫУĵãͨ࣬ͨĵá
߲㼸ûˣΪʿԪ֮󣬾ͿԽţΪŵӡȻƵģҪһͻƵԪʸΪŵӡŵӶǻͻһµʿ֮ԷźϵĴУǸЩ׼ġ
ԣûŵ߲ܵ㣬ΪǵΪ粻Ҳϵߣڻ׬ȡأҹδǵһӵлֵġԣʱڲֻ߲ҹδһˡ
ҹδȥ˹ܣܶ๦ǳšÿһһֹһֱܹϵĹǧ֡
ҹδ벻ܽǧֹһ飬ǲʵҲûбҪȷһ
ǳࡣ
ʶ˳ȥʼĶ飬ֻǲӵʱ䣬ͽйĹѡ˳
ֻ࣬оʮ
ҺķѵĻֲ࣬ÿʮ֡ŵļֵĺܸߡҹδ뻨ѾŰʮ֣ӵʮĶȨޡȻʹʮ˲ٴλãʼһĶ
һĶһ߽뵽Լ칦֮С칦ƷѾǳˣ̷ǳˡԣЩȻнЧҼЧСÿһĽЧͺСˡԣÿٶȺܿ죬ʮңںһ
߲㽥ʼʿҹδһʿ½½һһʿˡȻҹδһĿĵģҲпʮ¾뿪ġֻҹδһֱ˲
ʱ䣬ʮ½ںԼĹУȻЩλ뿪˲󣬻صԼĶʼչءҪںãЩںϡ
ºҹδѾͷҹδˡ
鿴һԼƣû´ҹδЩߺҪһ񣬱ҪŶʮʱ䡣
Ȼŵˡ
ҹδȥɱ˵
˵ڵ̷Ǳߵһǿ֯ΪǺϵΪ׵ǺϵڣϢǺϵأǺϵء
ĿҲҹδˣһһЩߵսԣһһϵԲȥսֻ壬壬ͳһǺϵ
ҹδ룬ȥ
һѶȣԼɱϵѶѰֻǸһŵĽ򣬵̷룬ûоĵص㡣˭֪Լʲôʱܹҵ
һҲǵԼʱ䣿
һǿɱ˶ᱦһճȥҲܹһЩʿ
ҹδԼˣʱ䣬ҲӦðݷһԼЩھӣȻûˡȥˡ
ÿ˶ڵһ񶼷ǳӣҲЩڹעǵ˭ҲܹЩ½ӡ
ҹδ뿪ˣ
ȷ˷򣬳ڵʮһʱ䣬˵̷롣Ȼһ£˵ܳĺҲû
ֵûйɣҲƲһɣ˵һ֮ӦþͶչˡԴûĹ֮ǰǲġһ̶ӣǷǰ
˻ɣ˵һݣ˵ͳǵߣһЩѣڰȴǿ
ⲻҹδΪôң
ʷҲûαװ̶նȴûһγɹȷ˵ضϵݣӦû͡Ҳ
ҹδ˼˰죬ˮǡ
ˮһ֮أܶｻףȻԴ͵ǳءˮͨһǳص̵̷ͨ롣ʷϣҲв̶ӱ˵
ҹδ׼ڣԱķʽȡ
ⲻն׼һˮǵھ֣ˣ˵ˮݲ͵ݣҲᷢ˵Ļᡣ
ҹδȻҪԼΪ磬ԼΪڱγɻԪԲȻ߽ˮǣǵһˮǲǽ׻֮أھֶжʮҡ
ʵǿģҲʵġ
ҹδ˼ţ˵ǺϵҪԴҲӦǺϵġûкϵʿھ֣ڵԴҲǺϵԴ˵ЩھָȤ
ҹδˮǶûд˵˿ϢʷٵԴʲôεھֱڡΪԼ˵עһ˿ĿҲ뱩¶ھһ취˵ʱ䣬Ҳˡ


976 ټؽ
ҹδѡһӵкϵʿھ֡ھֽ־ھ֣ʵˮǶʮھУˮ׼ϵھ֣˼Ҷӵʿھֶӵƽʿھ֣˵ҲҴ١
־ھӵϵ
ͷһϵԲֱǺϵأϵءʵӦ˵ĿⷶΧ֮ڡ
һԪԲҪ־ھ֣ھֻǻӭġΪߣҲ͡־ھãһв־ھ֡Ͼÿһڣ־ھֶһϵ졣ҹδģںϵǰʱԴҹδΪԲ磬Ҫͻƣżһھ
̫ˣÿ궼֪жŵӣʿھ֣СӵȵȥھֺСЩҲӭǶһͬĹ򣬾ǼЩʿΪܳеǿߣҶܽӽΪҪֶԼȫƿأҲžһЩĵˡ
ҹδԪԲΪ־ھ˵ЩոպáԱ˻ӭҹδҲ˳ؼ־ھ֡
Ҳûз£־ھֵĵ֣ǸϵصĽ̽׷ҹδ룬ҪҹδΪĵ£ҹδʮ䵭Ҳƶᡣ
ھķģ·ߡҹδȴֻѡߵ̷·ֵѡ񣬵Ҳû˵ʲô
һȥҹδѾʮŴڣȴδ˵ҹδǲãԽ̽׷ǲͷÿμ̽Ѿ䵭ˣǲͷǶҹδĲͷ̽ȴǸ֮£չʲô򹷣ҹδʮΡ
һա
ҹδߵڶʮڣڵĴͷ˲һֱĽ̽ˣʵϽ̽Ҳ֮һֻǴͷͷ־ھϵһˡж֪ڵԴӦú
ҹδҲʮڴΪڵ·ǵ̷롣
˵Ӧó˰ɣ
ֵĿԺܴ󰡣
߳ˮǡ
־ھִʮʿϵʮԪµĶǵԪһ֧ǿҪǣǱĻһʿĴָУǸʿһϵϵء
ˣ֧ĸϵ˵Ҳûһս֮ԣ־ھֺĵĽڡ
ҹδڶĺ棬߸Ž̽
ҹʦãԺϵͻʲô׵ģҡ
ҹδ룺
ҹʦãֻƷѾһЩϣٸҼʱ䣬ҰһƷ
ҹδ룺
ҹδ͵ûѾһ£ڽ̽߶߶ֹˮ
һ죬죬졭
ҹδ뷢ͷһֱܽţ߹˵̷룬ҲˡΪ˵ٷΧܴ󣬲ֻڵ̷ķΧڣڵ̷ķΧ⣬·ϵκεطٵķΧ
ͣ
һգǰͷ̧֣ͣ̽Ҳ߶߶ˣǰȥҹδ΢΢˫ǰȥ
ʿ󷽷վڹٵ룬ֻ˶Ÿʶ̽ߣŸϢĺۡ
˵
ҹδ۾һ
ڵȵ㣡
ҹδ˷ܣ־ھЩȴǳ׻ˡԼϵͷҲᱻ˵ɱԼЩȴδء
ҹδûԼһɱһȴ̾ҲҪ˵ʵ
ͷһǰֵλ
վ˵мǸ˰ڰֵʱ䣬ɱ
ǿŶ˹ȥͷֱӭǿǸȴûǰĿʱ׼ߡ
ڻӣ˫ոս֣һߣ˵Ȼ׷ɱҪһʱ˵ͷסߵĻᡣ
ǡ
԰ֻһ֣ͷȫ·硣ƣԼʲôʱܣ̱˵̱
˵̫ǿˣ
г˽ԼӶһӵ컯ھ־ͺˡ컯ھ̫ˣûôɾ
ô죿
̤̤̤
ҹδٲǰ֪ԼٵˣٵȶʮϢĽ̽ͻᱻȻԼᷳ̽ǱϾԼھ֣ܹæҪæġ
ֻϢʱ䣬ҹδߵ˶ǰͷʱǽ̽Ѿ׽⣬Ǳ֡
ϣ
ҹδɽһն
̫ˣ
ȫûй켣ѭǽͻȻǸ˵ǰһ㽣üģȻǵӱһŵͬʱҹδźͷսǸ˵ǿһץȴǳ˵ڶǿһӳ
ˡ
пռ䶸Ȼǿ˵Χпռڣпռֵͬʱڶǿ·뵽һڰ׿ռ䣬㱻ָ̫һΪ
䡭
Ǹǿĵ˻ˣոնпռһͨȴҹδķһץпռ飬屻ʳ˷飬ҹδȴԴ
ҹδָԴӡˣȻʣµʬ壬üѾɱˣ컹ţͿ֤Լ񡣵˵棬ܽԴսᱩ¶ԼӵɸֶҲ봢ָĻǸˡʱĸϵѾӳ˹׷ΧΪִٵıǽ֪̽˵ʲôԼ˴˼ҹδ뷽һɱ˵ˡ
Լ֮ǰҪָҹδأ
ҹʦáˡ
лѣǸҹδ֣ʩ
ҹδڰ֣תͷͷǳڵӣҹδ롣Žɱ˵񡣡
ĸϵһӶˣɫ𾴡
ǳųڵĵӣڿ˼Ǻϵ˵´ټ˼Ҿ컯ˡͷʩһ
лѣûеѣ־ھξˡ
ҹδҲûпԭԼĹ͡ʼգҲŻţ
һ꣬ȻҾͻ뿪šǿͷһȥŴʬ͹ھˣҲԼһǵʵݡ
ԣԣ
̽һӣһʬǰժȥߣȻһ
ͤׯ
ʣµҲɫһ䣬ΧȥһȻȥһˡ
ҹδû飬ûйϵѾˡǱߵͷ˹ݹһ޴
ҹѣ԰Դ
лҹδӹ޴Դ˽ȥȻ䡣̽Ѿʬ壬Ҫȥ˺̣ܿպ󣬵˻Ŀĵغҹδ뿪ҹδ뿪ıӰͷĽ̽
ˣϵķˡܹ׷ġ
֪̽ͷɥ
ɽڡ
ɽš
ҹδ뻺̨̤׶ϣɽԭǳڵĸţڳڹϽķΧ֮ڡڵĲҩѾﵽʮҩ䣬ҹδŸؽһӦؽܣһҩؽҲܹԼ׼һЩͻ컯Դ
ɽڵ;УһǳһʦʮҩĲҩһ·ϵ
ɹˣ
ֻܹƳƷ
֪Ϊҩҩ䲻ҩڵĲҩƳҲƷҪƳƷǰҩϵĲҩȡĲҩǰҩϵĲҩ
ڵһҩժˣװڴָڣ׼͸ؽܡһĲҩ㹻ؽһƼʮĵҩˡһ㣬һ·ϣ;ĸǳУ˴ԼûеĲҩӣѾֲȥȻ֮ŵŵûԼûеӣʱٹһЩ
վɽڵɽǰֻҪɽڵĹģҪȳڲ̫࣬ûͳȡ
ɽǰλ˵ҹδȻûпɢƣǺϵԲϢǽɽǰλʿѹľսҹδջ˹͵Ŀ⣬΢Ц
ͨؽܵѣҹδǰݷá
ǣǣ
һʿóһѶ񽣣Ϣ񽣷˳ȥһ⡣
ܿ죬һӰɽǰ
δ룡
ʦ֣
ߣȥҶ
ã
֮һɽϣҹδĿĹ˵СӹòԼռһɽ塣
ؽֺǺǵҹδͤɽھʮŸϵϵԲֻҵȻռһɽ塣
ҹδĿһ˵ɽѾ㴫У
ûУؽҡͷȻɽڵĹزôǶڷ߻ſ˵ġ
ҵĿһꡣ
Ѿɽڵĳϣҵһ꣬Ҫɽڵӽÿ꽲һΡԣڵһ꣬ûбҪ뿪ţھͿˡֽҲҾϤţŵͬңҲҶӹС
ڶ꣬Ҫ뿪ȥÿʮһΡڶȥҾͿԵõС
ɽֻһߣ
ǣؽЦɽֻϵԲΪ˱űʿռƣֻ׼һ


977 ʱ
ҹδͷʾ⡣
ȻɽŹΪʲôɽڵһ綼ûУ
ѡĹйأؽܸпɽֱ컯Ĺֻһɽڳʦģ˵ʷϣɽڳλʦʿƽ硣Ҳ˵ǸƷܸߡֹɽ˥֮ѰģƷܲֹͻû⣬Ǻͻƽ硣ԣЩʿѡƷߵĹǹƷԽߡѶҲԽ󡣵ΪܹߵøԶһѡƷߵĹԣžһֱûʿ
ҹδ²ֹˡ
˼ǣ
ǣɽû磬ǾһţŵľѹΡɽڵʵΧڣӦòɣ
ţӦǶǸ档
Ͷˣͬɽڳֵ磬˶ţôŵѹԶˡɽͻǸʿͨĹôʵضܲɽھڶΧڣΪ˵ײ㡣
ǣţǡţűŵΣա
ؽˣȻͷǣҲҪѡƷߵĹͻƾˡһͻƣսǿһЩ򣬱ոͻƣͱˡ
˴Ц
ҹδȡһָݸؽܵﶼʮҩĲҩܹһʮ꣬϶ƣһ궼ˡʵϣʮ;ʮĲҩǺܴ󡣵˰ҩĲҩٸһ
лл
ؽܽӹ˴ָĵлҹδûҹδȫͬûҹδ룬ԼԴΪ⣬Լľ󲿷ʱ䣬ỨѰԴϡҹδ룬ٿԴԽ󲿷ʱϡ
˿ʼһЩϵ⣬ؽ֪ҹδ⣬йҲδػᰴֹȥֻǽֹԼܳ֡ԣɽ֮Ҳʶڲۿϵǰĵá˵һżĽ֪ҹδΪʲôôǿͬ޵УԾսǾΪҹδ뿴̫Ĺ̫Ĺ˰ټ֮ܲǿ
ھǽԼĹĵ˵ҹδЩй鷳Ϊ֪ҹδֻǰЩ֡ˣû˻֪˵ҹδ
ҹδЩĵã㿪ʼһ˼һߺؽܽһ죬ҹδջ񣬵ջȴؽܡ
պ
ҹδ뿪ɽڣ˳ڣԴȥ˵һʮ
صԼɽ壬ѾжʮʿҲˡһʿҹδЦ
ˣ
ţҹδͷ
ͣЦһأÿһˣҪٰһξۻᣬҽһ¡
ã
ҹδȻӦʡȥʮʿȻۼĶҲóһ·Ϲɹƣдˡʱ䣬ҲЩĵã㿪ʼ໥
ʮ˽죬Ÿȥ
ҹδǽڵĵҩˣȻ·Ϲĸɹȥ㣬׼ֲɹ֡Ȼ·ϹĲҩӣѾճһ㡣ȥ˵ԼûеĲҩӸԹһЩصֲȥ
ҹδڵĲҩָƷַࡣܹƸ־縨ĵҩ׼ؽϵԼ¾縨ҩĲҩ̭ڽķֲֻϾĸҩȻҲʺκξĵҩⶾȡ
ֻ̲죬Ҫ̭һ棬ûôӣҪһҩ֮ٲϵֲһ棬ЩҩҲҪƳɵҩʮ궼
æһУҹδֱʮݺϵĲҩȻһµңʼ
Ǻܿʮ¯ƷϵȻ㿪ʼԼʮҩĲҩʼƸĸҩγȥִؼʱ䣬ԽԼ˻Եõ˲ٵĲҩԼ顣
οȥ࣬ûлûԵսĸȴǷǳɱ˶Է˶ԷĴ̶ָõҩǳ˻ɣֻҪƵĲҩ̫ˡԣҹδֻ׼һ¡ˣȻСڽܷΧ֮ڡ
һº
ҹδϽ񣬻ǧ֣Ȼȥŵ¶췻УÿһֵҩȡһƿƷ̯λϣڷϼ۸Ҫ̳۵ıһɡ
ûнҩг۸̣Ȼ㣬Ҳʡʱ䣬ȴ޷ڶŵӡҪһӡʿ֪Լ֪Լһʦݣӵ˽ύ˵ʸҲʿԸӽԼԼӵкøСԼһõĻ
һ棬г۸̣ҪԼһɻͼ۸񣬻Լʧɾ
¶췻ʱʱ̶̿źܶʿҹδڿ̯λԱ̯ͬʿûϼ䣬ʿΧ˹
λʦ㣬ôĵҩƵģ
ţγȥִɵõһЩҩԾһЩЩҩҩЩ̣ƳĶƷϵһЩƷġ
ʮܵ

ҹδ̯λǰﲻָڵĵҩɿؼ٣磬ȥһƿҩҹδʮƷɾҹδЦǺǵغ̯λʿкصԼĶ
һӦŴһЩԼ׬ʮɾԼԭģѾһٶʮƷɾ
Ҳòϡ
صԼĶϴһȻֱŷ
ڵĴкĵöѾûʲôˣΪѾûʺˡҪоһɷҪɽǷпɳɳɷĴС
ʧ
ûִУҲŶɷϵҹδ뿪ʼɷĴ֮СķԭѾתɷĸ̫ˣٵõɷУʹڷ·ͻͽ
һ꣬꣬ꡭ
һʮȥ
ʮ꣬ҹδ뿪ΣȥÿδҴ֮󣬱Ҵһ̿ʼѧϰɷ
ʮʱ䣬ϵͳѧ˳ɷĴУȻصԼĶչأںʮá
ʱ˽ʮꡣڼҲֻÿʮ꣬ȥһ񣬱ҴҶء
ȵصʱ򣬾ڰʱ⣬Ҳֻꡣ
ݷھӣμνᣬһЩҩȥ¶췻гۣЩʿּҹδ롣׷ѯʣȥչأһȻ
һա
ҹ
ҹδμһᣬ̤ɫԼĶȥżȻ̧ͷҹȥȴĶȻһͣԭأͬһһ㡣
һָоƺǳǷƹɣǹҲŷơ
Լָо
Ϊڵķǳߣ˿ɳɳԷҲɷǽַͨʱ䣬ںϵһ
ԣڷĸ֪쳣񣬶ĸ֪Ҳ쳣
ǰûע⣬ʱ˿㾲УǿգȴȻָ֪ʱ԰˵ĻһжɷɡıԴ
ָֻ֪ʮģ·һƬɴܹ֪ȴֿͷ·֪һµ磬ȴƲͨĴšžľһ˿

೤³һԼľƽȻη𣬿ʼЩ˵ɽѰһѵɽۿǿա
ҪһԪŨĵطֻҪһۿǿѵĵطѡɽ֮ɽ۵ʯ£ۿҹաͬʱʡ

ûп磬Ǹ֪ȴӵгϣ֪ԼķǶԵģܹǸ硣
ʱ䣬һµȻֻһ㣬ǵ磬ûһĽһ޴ĿԽֻһĽѾԼԼظ֪˵ĵλá
ԭ֪࣬ȴȫȻ޷֪ȴܹ֪Ȼ壬˷
һա
һһϵԲһΪһǽŵʱ䡣
̲
ճţƣȻѡ
ѡûôˣֻʮɽ壬ÿɽ嶼ѾеӾסˣֻܹЩɽƵĶѡѡһطԼһҪһһʿһ𲻿ˡ
ʱ䣬ҶڳѾ˽ˣûİη壬ҲںҶѡΪϵδǧ¡ڶҪԪԶԪŨҪܸߡ


978 ɳĮ
ʮɽ弴Ԫ࣬ҲŲġͬһɽ壬Ͷ֮ԪҲŲġǶǺߣȻǲɽ壬Ƕӵкõռˡ
Ҫ
ԣ
ȥսֻҪӮˣǸġ
ȻҲս˼һ޲ˣ
սѣÿսһƷɾ
ûսΪûɵ
Ƕŵ˽⣬ֻϵ˽Ͷŵ˽⣬Ƕŵһ黹˽⡣Щ˶ѡһ˾סĶ˽ŵӵʵ֮ս
ҲֻҹδѡһΪ˽ս֮󻻶ڵ״̬ҪŨԪЩϾסɽ壬ŶЧӾסɽ壬õĶҲûʲô
ԼǱ͸ַ֪ĸоȥƿĴš
ֻҲЩˣΪÿɽ嶼ԽϣԪԽŨɽ۶ռˡǹۿǿѵλþɽۡ
ǣҹδҲûȥսΪҪ뿪ţȥѡһطڲһۿǿѵĵطʱҲĶһЩ־֪ɳĮǹۿǿѵĵطʮ֮ңһƬɳĮҹδ׼ڼų֮󣬱ɳĮ
ѡһĵ죬һʮ´ˡҹδ뿴һ£ɱˡһһ໥Ѿ֪˵ɱ˻ɱİǵˡǧڹƶˡ
ȻЩޣҲûа취
ҹδ̶ķ򲢲Ƕҹδһµʱ䣬񣬻صŽ֮󣬱ֱɳĮ
ɳĮС
ҹδҹۿǿգ˵á
أ֪ԽԽ
󣬵ϿʼҹδۣʼһЩɳĮҹδ߻ۡտʼҹδ뻹׼նɱȴЩھԼ׾֮󣬱ſ˵ϣûлȻӦԼĵϣЩкôҲûг֣Ϊֻ֪ҪԼۼԽԽޣԼնɱɱɱ꣬ûʱȥ
ʮ
ۼҹδΧѾǳˣȦλöѾϵռݣЩϵ޲ûйҹδ룬һǳԻرֳܵɫ
ҹδѾ˻صȡ˹ؼʱ̣жϡ
ʮ
ΧʼʿһкϵʿЩϵʿҲûйҹδ룬ʶ˵ҲһԵһĻԵһɱҹδ룬ԵҲûˡ
ʮѾʿһƬɳĮΪĳЩм䣬ҲһЩʿ
ʮ䣬ҹδ͸ԼΧһ󷨣˱ʿҲܹӦʱ䡣
ǲ֪ԼĻΣգһЩʿһӵϣԼҲźܴĿԱ
λᣬѾĵ·ϣһͣ˵ǰЧȴҪۿۡ
һƬɳĮԭһνʿΪＸûʲôԴΨһԴɳĮеЩޡЩҲʲôԴԣһƬɳĮеʿǳ١
ЩʿֲԸֻԵ
ʵϣҹδΧ޵Ҫʿ̫ࡣʿܹ٣޵ȴǧ򶼲ֹһЩι״ɳĮޣһЩ׳档
ԣЩʿҲҹδ֡ΪǶ֪ҹδѾΪǧɳĮԴȪһǹҹδ룬жЩɳĮ޵򡣿»ЩɳĮ޵ıŭǽǻûаǧ޹л
ҴҰȥ
һա
·ǰһɴɢˣҹδ벻Ǹ֪ǿǿյķƣǹеķƣҹǰͬһɵ
һ̣Ҳظ֪˵ĵ׼ȷλáŹֱӿٵˡ
ҹδҪԴĺĵĹ
ɳĮС
һʿطУһţܹʮһʿɣһڵʿӣµʮҲǺϵ
ɳһˣΪѰһֱɳĮޣ档ʮϡʵǿһϵ֣ҵͲ׽رɳĮĵƣҪ׽Ǽѡ
ΪҪıǣĺòϣĺòϡΪ֮ȴƷ
Ʒһַ
һԵģǷȴǿԷáҪȷǿɳżƬɳĮ棬֧֯飬ɳĮɳĮûоλã֧ûͷĲӬһ㡣
طУҲǸоƣۣڼҲսǴ࣬޵ʵԽϵ͡
ⲻӡеɳĮǶһطĸо
ʦôоɳĮô
ʦ壬Ҳָо·һ˺ö࣬ʵҲ½
ɳͣҲӿŲҲо˲Ѱ
ÿѡһȥ̽飬סֻ̽飬Ҫսƻǰڴ˼ϡ
ã
ʮ˷ֳʮȥ
ƻʱ֣ɳһأֻǴŵüͷܹûʲô֡ϥһɳϣĬĬصȴ
ʱţʼһʿˣǾ㶼ûдӵеϢͱ˵Ϣˡ
ɳ̧ͷ򣬻ʿûлȻͿһڵһ߿ٵطѸٵıһʦֶ
ʦ壡Ǹʿɳǰʩ
ʲô֣
УǸʿд𾪡ΧʿҲ۾һ
ʲô֣
Ǹҿޡ
ޣڸʲô
Ǹʿֳһ˿ţǰݼҲ֪ǶſֻԶԶؿһûҿ
Ϣɡɳһˣһȥ
ǣǸ̿ʼ˹Ϣ
ֹȥңҲˡɳӵϢָʱɫѾʼûҰɳûѡǰʿϢһڴһ˲Ǹȥ
ʱ
ɳ϶ֳ֮ɫĿ֮һ޼ʵޣǧͣסΣʶ˫ȥ
ĿһȻ棬һֻǧ֮СҲʮʿмʮʿ
ЩɳĮΧһΪӴȦӣÿޣʿԲȦ롣
Щ̫ߴˣȦľʲô
¾ЩޣʼϿշȥʿҲˣԽԽߣǿȦ롣
ǳԶȻͨȴҲֻܹԼȦƺһˣǸɳĮϣҲ֪ǻţˡ
ţ
ɳȻоƺԼΧĿռ˿˿ĲˮĲ֪һ£¶֮ɫϣǸȦȥǸȦӾͬڶΧϡ
ʱˣЩӦöﱻЩʿ
ǲԼҲȥ
һɢ᲻޵ı
ǸʱԼܴɱ
УȦǸ˭
Щ϶ȥ
ʲôĹͨ
ʦҪҪȥĵΣҲž塣
ɳԥƬ̵̫Σˡƽ˾ͬһʥءһȦǸ˽״̬Լδذȫ
ǣ
ɳЩʿЩʿŵľӢԼŵˡ
ˣǻ뿪ɡ
ʦҿ档
ҲˣͽκΣɳɫͻȻһ䣬оؼƺֹͣȻȦǸɳϵ
ߣɳһԼŵʿԶɶȥ
ҹδѣԼﵽƿҲΪѾ򲻵ʲôˣҹδԼҪʱ
ʱ䣬Ķ̫࣬Ȼȷ˵ĵλã̫ûȫûγһϵͳϵͳҪԺʱȥ
ǳ
û֮ǰѾ޷
ҹδо뿪˲䣬Ȼ뵽֮Уһڹ⣬˲ʧˡ
ʧϢʱ䣬ЩޱˣʿҲ˴˹Щʿɱȥ޼
Ϣʱƴ˳ȥ֮вʿǱصĿݹǣǼȥ֮󣬶֪ԼѡԺɳĮзһԶ롣ͬʱɽеʿҲʮֺ棬ǸɳĮʿ˭


979 
ʲôΪ
ҲӦɣ
˵һƽ硣
ҹδصţʵʵȥܳͷΪȥֻһ֮ľʮ궼ûнֱʧˡ
ͷֳ档
һһͷһŻ֣ŸǾ֡Ȼ󻹵ȥɾŸµ񡣵ڶôеʱƳһٰʮꡣ
ҪģȻҲҪǵ־磬ȥͽһʱЩϵʿܹΪʲô
Ϊ˴
ȴƳһٰʮ꣬ҹδЩ߲ѽܵġ
ǣҹδҲڡϾιǳȡ˷˶ĳɹ
һɹҵ˵ĵλãʿǵõ˴УҲδܹôҵĵλá
ڶɳĮаʿϹ壬ıҲҪ֪ıѾܾûˣʱ䣬ıƽء
ԪҲϹ֮£ƽء
ĸоԼԪҲˣȴ֪硣
ĸɹȣͷҲͲʲôˡ
ͷĻֶҹδ˵ףˡʱվĹ̨ǰһʿ
ҹδ룬ڵ״Σգ֪𣿡
ҹδɫȻǰָ㡣
ǷŻֲǿǷȥģȻÿŸģоͰÿŷַһǧ֡
֮ÿֻһǧ֣ΪһĵӶͨŰ񿼺ˣѾΪŵӡ
֪Ϊŵζʲô𣿡
ҹδѡɽʦ
ԣһ˵Ĳһ˵ǣһͨ˿ˣΪŵӣÿµŻ־ǧǷծܹ塣ûͨˣÿֻһǧ֣Ҫ֣Ҫࡣ
ؼǣһûʲôǷĻٶأŸӶĹرǣǷծǲܳʮһʮ֣Ҫ㿪šһſ֪ζʲô
ҹδͷаǺ
ǰģһڣضֳꡣ
һ£λ߻ɵؿҹδ롣
ţһˣǰҿɲԤһЩ֣һûֱӿ۾ˣ
ƨأλûкŵĹؾҪǣ㻹Ԥ棿˵ˣЩߣĸ㿴˼ңҲûͷ
ҹδεǰҲǴͷ
˵˵Ϊʲôʧ˰ꣿ˵˵˵Ͳ˵ŴӲۺӵĻӱܵȨ
⵹Ҳûʲô˵ġҹδʱͬ˸һǰʱ⣬ԼԼҵ˵ĵλá
ܷҲֵˡοͷȻֻҵЧȴܴ󡣵˴УӦûܿҵġ
ǰѰҵ𣿡
߷һۣ𣿡
ͨһʿ˹֮ѰҵĶҪã
һеһܹҵеһǧҲδܹҵ㣬ԵѾȷʮܹҵġԣ˵ֵܷáҲδؾͻЩѾΪʽӵķߡ
ǰҹδĿ⸴ӵǿ԰ʦˣ԰ɣ
ȻҲҪݾܹݵģ÷ϡһоŸ˳Ϊ˷״ӡ
ʣµأ
Ȼûбϡ
ǾŸ˰ݵĶƷϰɣ
Ȼ
ˣʣµЩʿ԰ƷƷΪʦ
ƲƷϡ
ҹδ벻죬߿ҹδʲô뷨һٰʮҲ⡣
ңҹδЦһǵһٰʮ˵ɡڶûʸ񡣡
ûаʦʸ񣬵мʸ񡣡
᣿ʲô᣿ҹδ뾪ȵ
ߵȻӦ֪ŷֱͷӪɣ
ţ֪
ǷߣǱʿһᡣ˷齨İᣬվ˷ߵӪ˱ᣬǼ˱ӪһߣȻֻоŸ˳Ϊ״ӣ˼Ҳ˷ߵİᡣΪ֮󣬲ܹõΪϵָ㣬ܹ˰񣬰Դ
㷽˵˵˼˱᣿
ûУһѡ˿޵ĵ·ĸӪҲ롣
˭
ëöɣ

ôѡĸӪŵ֪ˣضᣬȲһٰʮ󡣡
ҹδЦҲϰӦѡްɡ
Ҳô׵ģԺ֪ˡɫºһЩ
ҹδ¶ЦݣЩ񣿡
Ϊͷ϶ѶҪӡ
ҹδͷһ㣬׼
ҪɱʮʿԭǾŸֱӽ֮ĵһʮҲ·㡣Ҳ˵δʮڡ

ھʣ¾ˣҪʮһ겻ɣҪܷ
ף
Ϊ˸ʡʱ䣬Ұʮ񶼷Χ㰲ŵı˴˽һЩ
лǰǰγƺ
ָ˵ҹδʱʵ
ҹδЩΣҲûн⣺ҽзʮɱʿÿһʿǺϵԲʵʮʿӦû⡣ⲻǵҪأʮɱʮϵԲһر֣żĿܣڿʼʱᱻΧɱ㻹㻹ɱϵԲ˵ͻʿɱ㡣
ԣż򵥣ʵϺա
ҹδɫƽͷ
̬ܲЦŵͷǵʮɳǷʿʮɳǻǣҰɣҰŵķΧʮɳǲԶÿԻȥ
ҹδ֪ǶԼչˣҲ֪ԷΪʲôҪչԼԷӦɽ籾ʿԼѡޣŶԼͷɡ
ϣʮ嶼ɱ콾Ŷʮ˷׷ɱֻһֱûгɹϣܹɹ
ҹδͷʼеݡ˼ţ֮ǰĲͬҪأɱʮ壬Ҫʬ̫ܡ
ǰκѽʬ
ԹһӰָ֤񡣡
Ӱָ
ȡһָݸҹδǶһӰ飬ƽʱԷڴָУҪӰʱ򣬱ϡ
ҹδûֹһӰָŷֵ
ǰȥ׼һ£ȥ񣬸ˡ
ءСҪġ
ףлл
ҹδ뿪ˣԼĶȥҪȥ׼һ¡׼ڵĲҩժ㣬һ͸ؽܣһ͸ӹ̡
Ҫ֪ڵķڵĲҩɶҩ䣬ֵǰܹȵġÿͷһҩһӴԴҩؽܺͷӹģοĻ
ص˶ҹδͿʼժҩһһҩĲժȻװһڣŲժڶ㣬߳졣
ʦ֡
ҹʦãˡ
ʦ֣
˶ڣҹδݲ衣쿴ҹδ
Ҫȥִ˰ɣ
ǰҪʮ񣬺ܽ׼Ͼߡ
Ҳ˵ɫȻŵľ𣿡
ףҹδһЩҲµʦҪ˵ʲôڵĿ˻ûнҪΪʽӣҪһٰʮ꣬Ҳ뿼ʲôӪ߰顣
ˡҲǣЩ˶Ǿ콾ֻҪ仰ܹҹʦã˵ģʮ񣬺ܽҲܿ޷ɣҵİᣬǿԳ˳ɡ
ҹδһ¡
ȻֻҪͿԡŲɵġ
ҹδҡͷһǲھҾʮ񣬶Ҳһĥ¡ԡ
ͷΪ֪ˣ½֮ǰĸһͷĸ־ᶨ֮ˣ
ֻҪ˾Ѹı䡣޷֮£Żʵı⡣
磬ҹδʧܣ֮˳ͷǸʱҹδͻ֪һ˵ڳڸͻ첻ȥǸʱҹδͻҪᡣڣȰ˵ǰ׷ѹ
ǣĿģҹδһӡܵ󣬻һѡԣضҹδ
ף㣬סʲôʱǵİᶼ㳨š
ллʦ֣
ߣҹδսڶҩժָ֪Ʊ֮߳⣬һʦ֣ҹδھܾ֮󣬱뿪ţԭȥëöģϢ˼Ϊ֪ڶкܶǰ
ʤ


980 ս
뿪֮ɽڷȥ
ؽܵĶؽܾһ˵ʼһ꣬Ϊʲô顣
ֻЩ򡣡ҹδЦ֪˵ĵλãûкͱ˵
ҵˣؽ𾪡
ţҹδȡһݸܽĵã
ؽܼؽӹ̿ʼۿҹδҲغȲšԼһʱؽܱ۾һվĸʱ۾оǼ
δ룬ⲻѰҵĵķʽǲȫǡ˽㣬˽һķӦ
ǣ˵ģ˽ң˽һԼѰҵĵĵϣĹѰҳһʺĵ·˵ģұӦû
ֱֹ̫ʺˣڶظ֪˵ĵģλáԭΪҪҲܹѰҵĵλãáʮҵĵľȷλá
δ룬лл㡣
лҹδȡһѴЩǶҩĲҩ㡣
Щҩؽܵǲ̫Ϊ뵽ˡǸм
δ룬Щҩһ׬ȡɾȻҲͻṺʺھԴҲ֪֮ԴǶ٣֪Щҩļֵ㹻ͻˡ
˵ȡݸҹδδ룬ɽ׹֪㲻ֱЩֱãҲҸˡϾŵĹйһ֪ұֻ
ֻǽ˱ûл֪￴֮󣬰򻹸ҡ
ã
ҹδӹ򣬿ʼһûȥֻȱ˵Ŀ
һʱʱ䣬㽫Ȼ򻹸ؽܣվ
ҵˣһȥɳȥһ·ǰǡ
ŸǡؽȡһݸҹδڣҾûбҪǰԴˣһЩ治ǹһЩĵãɽڲڵõġ
ã
ҹδ˴ؽܽҹδͳɽţҹδӰʧڰ֮ϣвԼҹδϵԼҹδһʱܹõҹδİ
ڿռɿĴڣҹδڣʼ䷽ԼƪƪҪһЩһƪҪǿһЩټķӹ̵ĹѾӵֹ
ȻֹƷߣҹδҪ󣬵ǴŵԿף֪οٵĵġ
ҪľǣֹΪԼ򣬶򣬴һʺԼĿĵĹ
Ѿҵ˵ĵľȷλã֪οģھҪƹԼĵĿٵø
Ѿ˷򣬲ء
ʮɳǾںԶ̫ˣֻǾʱ䣬Ѿ˵ʮɳǡ
ҹδ߽ɳǡ
ˣɳûʲô仯ֱŹڵɳǵļң㣬ƴָðϵķƵȻƿ˴ţ˽ȥ
Ϸ˷ӹ̣ͮҰˡ˸մԻ죬ҹδǵĲҩѾԴĹˡǲòڰǰͿʼȥԡ˵ΪŽΪԽߣҪԴҲԽֻ࣬ص˹ȥƵС
Լķý⣬ӿơ
ʱվԺվڴڵҹδ룬ӳʼĴ㶱˿ϲȻವһ˾վҹδǰ
δ룡
ˣ
Сأ
죬Ƚ
ԶԶԣȽ
ڣĸΧһ裬ҹδŵؽľӹҲ˵ǵľҹδ㽫Լ׼Ĳҩؽܸǵȡӹ˵϶ֳɺ͸м֮ɫ
ζɲݣŶҩ䣬Ƕ֪ҩǶӦһСס
ҹδ񣬲ҶͣڵɳֻǴ죬ӹ̣ͮҰֱԼͻĵýҹδҹδ뿪˵ɳǣŵһĿȥ
彮
ɽ
ҹδӰ֮ϣ£ڰУԥɢԼϵԲϢȻ
ѣҹδ룬Ŵǰսս񣿡
¡¡Χ㶼Ŀ
ɽĶŴ򿪣һ󲽴˳
ڣɢΧĿռ䲻סصԶӡ
һ̤ηڰкҹδƽдɱ⣺ҹδ룿ûõȻսҡ
ҹδ˼ļƲߣֱӹսսӵ嶪ϾԼͶԷǺϵԲԷܲӦսԼɱ˶ԷҪӵҲᵱΧɱԼʿ֡
룬һսУԼֻҪɱ˶ԷӦÿԴȥ
ҹδУŶĴֵϵԲͻơѰܹѹʿʵǿϣܹʵ
Ͳɱ㣿
޺
ãȵҲֵϵԲϣܹ㹻ѹս
Ŀ۶бϵкϵԲֻû֮ϵʿ
ȡһ֣ҹδһӣǸ˲Ŵγһ磬ҹδ档洫˽
ҹδ룬ƿҵĽֽ˵
ҹδоһݣʿ֮Ըںϵܹ硣ȻǺϵû磬ȴӵһֽ硣
磡
Ȼ粻ʿĽ磬Ҳ߱һ˿ܡ
ˡ
ҹδϳһȦͬһ֣˲ͽҹδͷţʮ˸Ȧҹδһӣһܶ
ǴɷЦ
ҹδ뻹ǵһк棬Ҫܡ㽫һСһȦȻȻָ
飡
ƽصͰһȦȦˡ
ĴоһݣѾʶҹδĲ򵥣ĶҲбȦģǾûҹδôɡ
æ֣һҹδ빥˹еҪסҹδ룬еֱײҹδ룬УҹδһĴܡʵϣҹδֻվһͷųһĻ
Ļ
ЩײĻϣҲֻĻ΢΢һ£ҹδȫĮĹ
ҹδԴɳĮ򣬼̶ԪԪ֮󣬻ǵһսʶԼǿֻǺͨͨԼͷųȴܷʮΪԪ̫ǿ󣬻ӵԪ
Ĵ߷ߣûмսɵʿôǿ
ϢǺϵԲ
ҹδÿģԼĻȻĿԡ
Ļ֮γɹĻǰԸΪǲϵعĻĽԣĻĵϵǿδˣǽ˶ԷĽ֡ǽײĻʱΪٵתиһжȥ˲Ļķ
ԼĻҲתأ
ͨһ
ԼΪ磬ҪޣһĬĬˡͨȴҪʵսĥ¡ֻڼҵĶԿУܹͨܣҲֻܹʵսУܹá
ҲΧ岢ûгֵ˼һûܸˡԼһ߶ˣսͬһõͬԣʼרע
һרעĻӷɿ졣
ʵսĥԼͨǺΣյģΪ΢һ˿ܾܿͻᱻԷץסᣬ̶նɱΪͨսͨԷȴƴеĲǳҲҹδоԼʤԷŸˡ
ⲻΪԪıԪɳ񣬾̫Ե֪˶ٴΣսԶʿḻ̫ࡣɽ硣
ʱǶԷĴҹδУĥʯΧۿЩ嶼ˡЩۿ岻һʼ塣Ǹиӵ߷ߡ
ˡ
ҹδо˿ռ𶯣𶯵ġ˲͸֪˿ռڿռ̫ϤˣΪԼͻпռ䡣
ǸֿռǸͨѾƲסҹδ룬ֱҹδ룬Ͳҹδ뻹ܹ
ҹδȻΪԼܹڸ֪Էͼ֮һſնȥһնָп˽ֿռ䣬ҹδһ̤αӿռѷд˳ȥĿ˶Ĵһת¡
ָ˲佫ָ֣룬屻и顣ǿеĽʧȥˣŵ䣬ҹδһץסս˴ָĿһɨ


981 ˶
һӦҪʮеһһڲʮеϸϡӰ񡣴ʱҹδǣǲǳսһΣ
ҲܹŪ壬ԼɱֻҪܹȥ
Ǹңңֵ¿׷󣿡
׷ۣʶң
ҹδغЦ徭µĴ׹¿ɷһս

ôǰ׷ôܲս
ȻҹδеɵǶԼҲ㹻ġͨǿ죬رǵ磬ֹ׷磿
͡
䵶ֱҹδȥҹδüľһ
̫ˣ
۸Ϳ׷ӰӣֻܹԷ䵶ܼиĻϵ
ҹδ벻࣬ٶȣһĺϵԲѾ׷ɱˡҲԼԪԼĻ쳣סԷĹж˲١
ҹδڰУ֧Ļûл֡Ϣ֮׷ʵһŵ˽⡣
죡
׷ĳǿ죬ҪһЩǸո뵽о֮ɫ
о׷ı˴򷨣ÿһиĻͬһطܼŽܼعһطҹδ֪һ£ϢңܹԼĻпһӡ
ǿ
ҹδ˲ͽʶ˳ȥԼΪ˷ԲǧסеľɫԭΪԷԼʶ£ΣʵǣԷȻܹˣʮģ
ҹδɫȻԼʶ֪֮ǰҲִйͨս֪ԼʶǿͲǺϵʿܹȵġΪϵʿûԪ񣬵С
ǣأ
Լʶֻܹ׽׷ģӰӣĺϵʿ͸ˡ
ֲмأ׷еĺϵԲ˫֮
ҹδڿʼ
ҹδ뿪ʼĿľǲ׷ܼػԼĻͬһطֻҪԷ䵶ͬһطܼػУԷƲĻڲ֮ء
տʼʱҹδȻˡǲӵʱ䣬׷ܹؼվĻͬһط
ָ֪;ĺǿǿҹδжɵ֡
Ҳҹδ빫սû͵͵ȥɱԷķɱ׷󣬸ûгɹĿܣȻֳټ󶯾ΧΣա
ҹδԲÿǱΧɱеĽʼٵش̳ÿһߵ⡣Ȼߵеÿһֳַߵ⣬ʮŵ⣬Ȼٷֻ֣ǲϢʱ䣬ͷֳǧ⣬׷Хȥ
׷Ȼɵǧ⣬ȻһһվĻϡ
⻹ǡ
ҹδ볤裬̳ǽĵڶʽϢʱֳǧ⡣νⲻ׷׷󣬶ǲ㽫ҹδ뱣棬Ļ֮⣬γһ㽣Ļ
ϡ
Ȼ⽣Ļֵס׷һϢʱ䣬ֻһϢʱ䣬ĻѾת׷Ȼܳػͬһط
ҹδûͷŽĻǿĻʶ׷Ѱ׷Ҫͨ׷սԼĻ
һʱʱʱ
ʱ֮ҹδһɣܹ׷ˣȻҲֻܹһ˿ֻһ˿׷Ĺܹʼռһطˣ׷ûа취ΪĻ
Ȼ׷УҹδҲûа취
ҹδĿԷٶȶԼѾûвˣĻѾʧȥĥµЧǾնɱ˶Էɣȥ˵䡣
ˡ
ָ˲˳ȥֻ˲㽫׷档׷ȴţͬʱͷųԼ
֮
һ޴ÿһƷ綼һƷУʼɱҹδ򣬱ƿҹδıȥ
ǣ׷ɫ䣬Լķ򣬲ҹδı壬ƫ˷һ޷һȥ
߶Լķ֮򣬵ȴȻط֣Լ޷ͶԷ档
͡
׷ģиʳ⡣ָһգ¶ҹδӰΧһƬžЩ񶼲ԡ
ǿ֪׷ϵԲΧǾǶһʿͱҹδɱˡ
ЩҹδҲ֪һٶ
λѣս͵ˡҹδ룬ʿʿҪͨսͻƵģʱȥңֻҪǺҾһģһ㣬ҺǩԼ˭ڱضΪѣε뿪
һ£ЩʿĿ⿪ʼˣ㻹ɱĵģʱҲ˿ڡҹδȥֵ
ǣ

ȻһҹδľһĿһվɢϢҹδһֵ
λǰкָ̣
ʿսû⣬ɱҲû⣬ǲ˵սս˵뿪뿪
ǰ˼ǣ
ʿս
ҹδǰҪóսһһҿ϶ӲסǻǰֱӴңһʹ졣
ҿԴӦ㣬ǳսʿᳬ
ҹδûеǸ˵꣬˵սĶǺϵԲһ硣²ܹսѾǼޡȻ˭ܹǰڣսսҾս
Ǹǲɳ鴤һ£ȥսս

֪ȺʿսɽĴţڵսֲһȺսӡʿҲսǿģҲܹɱͬʿģɱˡ
ԺҲսÿοսǣǰҪԼһ尲š
ǰͬǾôͬ⣬ҪɱңǾɱңҾ뿪Ժٲˡ
ǴĿ˸һսıضǺϵԲ
ԣ
ãҴӦھɳʿ
ã
ǴĿѲӣһϵԲʿɫߣȥ
ಡ
һʿɵҹδĶ棬ҹδоһ֡ˣҲ֮С룬ҲͷӦˣڸǺϵԲеǿߣֶڵʮɳƬǴʿԼϲǺ
Ȼͷ֣ĸŶԼسһûע⣬ߵĵ
ߵصǶ
ΪߣЩ;綾оͷųͲ֪ʱԼΧ㶼Ƕء
ҹδжˣһֱעҹδ롣ҹδ֪Լж˲䣬ͷųǶҹδ˲ͱ֣˵忪ʼʶʼһ˿㱡
͡
ߵĳͬһҹδնʶ㱵һ˲Ӧôһ˿Ҳֻһ˿Ҫȴڸ̴һ󶴣延һƬ
ˡ
ʶڵռתˣʶڵĶһӶ˽ȥҹδʶһ壬˲ͷųԼƿߵߣ߸޷ָָ˹ȥ
͡
ߵ㱻ʳ˷飬ҹδ벻ͣʱ״̬ǳáȻʶû⣬ȴʵʵڵжˡҲװǸܹжˡԣҴһֵ
ǣ
һ㣬Զȥ忴˲ʧҹδ롣ȻϢջûȥ׷ɱҹδ룬Ȼ֪ҹδжˣɱҹδõʱ֮ǰȴҹδĻסˡҲֻԥһ˲䣬ҹδӰѾԶȥʿɫջûȥ׷ɱҹδ롣ߵĶ˽⣬оҹδδܽ⣬ܽ⣬ҲֻǱסһΪˡûбҪȥΥŵԣ׷ɱҹδ롣
ҹδĳŵȴǲ˿ţʱѾռڣ˲ϢԶȥϥռҹδ룬ʱѾ̷˽ⶾȻɫˣԼĽⶾ޷ӸȥߵĶ
зɿ˼ֳĵһͷΪָ򣬱ǽյģ仰˵ǿ
ϥҹδ룬ʼԼȫȻʶؿʼڵĶأ˲ͷЩڵĶؿʼ
Ч
ҹδϲһ£ôһѾɳ֮ңͣ£ҹδռڳһ·򣬱һɽȥҲûȥɽֻһϥڴϣϣΪǿʼתһ˿˿ڵĶָնȥ


982 
͡
ǶرָϣȻָи
ҹδ벻üͷиطУûáҪĲиҪؼһҲܹ󽫶ų⡣
ҹδüͷļʱȻȥƻ轵٣ҹ˹
ҹδһ
ԼӴԭҹ˵粻ǰ֮С
޴ڣʱڣﱾԴ
ͽʲô
ƽ棬壬Ҳ˵һ硣
ǸŽ磡
Ȼ磬ȴӵһĻһ˿Դ
ҹδ˼άɢļʣ˫Ŀ磬ҹ棬һ˿˿ɢͬһӣش۶
ϲƵһ£ȻͷʼЩشһҹδ붼֪Ѿȫش֮С
һ죬죬졭
һӰ̤ƶУȴһʿģüͷ΢΢һ壬һȥоϵͻȻʧڰ֮ϡ
֮
ɢȥҹδ۾¶˼֮ɫȻͷųԼ
ʱѾƽ棬һ壬ͬһС硣
֮üΪоԼӦòһ磬Ҳˡ
ռ仹ʮּªֻкڰɫתͬҹ档
ҹδһռģиߣҹδ벻ץץԴ
ֻǽƽת
ѾĲУ֪粻Ӧֻӡһǿģ³һСӣñе˶ֱ治
ǰͷųһ磬ʿڲ֪УǸʿʱֱ治ǽ磬磬ڲ֪УԷĽɱ
ǣҹδʱռӣȻ
ҹδ̾ϢһЩףҲԼûпĵԭԼĽûԴͷֻһ޸ƮƼȴ֪ԼªĽ磬ܱٵ
ˣ
ⲻһĽ磬Ҳָķ򡣵ȵҹδ뿪˵ģҲͻȻʡ
ҹδüͷɢȥֳһ˿ϲáȻ㿪ʼתԼªĽ磬ڵĶر㿪ʼۡ
ͬʱھҹδ벻Զ֮ǰǸʿһռ֮ڡҹδ뿴֪ȴܹؿҹδ롣ҹδĵһۣ֪ҹδжˡǿҹδģƺûдš
ʿǽĿҲҹδϵһ˿ȣϳӵɱִųرǿռ䷽򣬶ⷽС
˺ܲ򵥰ɱȻжȴܹƽڴӦҲǳų˭
ôûӡ
Ĵ󳬼ŵľ콾Ҷʶ
һֱҹδ룬Ȼ˼ҲһͷҹδˣǸɱԼЦˡ
ҹδߵĶڵʮɳʮ﷽ԲڣǷǳģеʿڣҲûܹ߶ĵҩΨһİ취ԼԪƶǳɹûУҲǻΪʧǶ
ۿҹδϵķɫһһڣҪơҲûа취ҹδ룬а취ǲһҹδ룬ҹδһԵܹ߶ܹôãһ֪ҹδʵǿ
һϧţһҹδȻҹδɫڿʼǳһ£һҹδȻ۾Ŀķ
λѣ
ʿӿռڳˣԭҲûж⣬ֻ©ɫȻҹδ빰ֵ
ڣŵӣ¥Ǽѡ
ҹδûվڿٵת򣬹ֻҹδ룬ѡ
ҹδ룿¥ɣΪ㻤꣬ġ
лѡ
ҹδŽ䱸ҲܸߣĻǼ⣬˼⻰˵ľ֡ҹδҲ뵽˵Ĺ죬ܹڿռ֮УӦ˲ʱ䣬ҪԼͶˡǰжõĻӦ֮㿪ʼ
ûҹδʧʱ䣬㽫ڵĶ۳һ裬ȻҹδƳ⣬սһƿзӡ¥ǹֵ
лѻ
¥Ҳһ죺Ǻߴˣ
ô֪ҹδ뻳ɵ¥ǡ
һƬʿ϶֪Ϊеʿ٣жģ¼Ӱ
˵꣬ҹδ룺ǽⶾˣ
ţҹδͷ
¥Ǵһӣǵһ
ʲôһ
ߵĶܹⶾǵһ߶ʿõĽΪʧĶˡ⡭Ա߿ˣƶ
ţ
¥˴ĴָôߴˣǱ彮ˣʿע
ҹδаԵͷ¥ܹ뵽壬˱лǹŵȳġҡͷ
ˣѾɱˡ
ɱߣ
ţҹδҲû㽫ԼҪ˵
¥£ô˵㻹ҪȥǱս
ǰɱ߸ء
Ҹȥ
𣡡ҹδֵҺЭ飬ͻЭ顣֪ʲôʱǾͻΧɱңʿҳ֣̫Σա
û£¥ŵҵͨ㷽ҲˣԶԶظ㣬ҲֲҡȥҸ㣬˦ҡ
ҹδеνԼѾˣҹδҲ¥ǵĿռͨԼ˦
Ҫž͸Űɡ
ʲôʱȥ¥˷ܵ
ھȥǰ棬ںԶԶظš
ã¥Ȼͷ
ҹδطȥҪɱһ壬ǧ֮⣬¥ǡ¥һ߷ɣһͨѶ򣬰ҹδ˺ѡ
պҹδأϢڰ֮ϷСһպ·ȥڰУԼϢ·Ķȵ
ҹδ룬ǰսɡ
źȻ򿪣һȺС˳Ȼһɫɴ˳һݣɵҹδĶ档
ɱߵǸҹδ룿
ҹδ빰ֵǣָ̡
Ǻǣҿɲָֻ̣ɱˣ˵һ촽ϸƤģһóԡɣ
ˡ
ǸͻȻֳԭΣһʮ೤ľ޴򼣬ͷŲһֻֻ۾ҹδ˲͸оԼһܶ۾֮С
򣿡ҹδ΢΢۾
ʱѾսԼֻǧ׾룬ڿռڵ¥ֱӾˣŴѶѶϢ
ҲݣڵǸҹδһ˰û뵽ȻֱɣɿһƬϵǰʮĴǸϵʿһ취ûСѾˣҹδ뾾ġ
ҲݣļٵģڴѶпʼʡ
⻹м٣Ҿֳ
ңȥ
ҹδսɵϢԼٶȴ˳ȥʿʼʿ
ʱҹδȴܣеоԼʶڱȡǰ£˷һֻֻ۾鵽ĿҲЩ۾ʶ󣬵Լʶڵʶһյʱ򣬱ǿʼԪԼͻ䡣
ҹδеתȻ˫춯ָһҪͷŵӣʵȴǴķ
üͷһ壬Ȼ
ԣ
ѾˣӦúԼǸһŽĳΡѾƽˣˡ
Ǹ˲Ű˵Ѿǰ벽磬ĺϵԲˡ
һҹδ㲻ܽȡ֮ˣֻܹԼڵˡ
ˡ
ҹδ뿪ʼȡȻͷųȥ
䡭
һһֻֻ۾
ҹδɫˣԼΪķ󣬾ȻûáͬʱߴĿЦ
ûã͵űҳ԰ɡ
˻˻
ҹδǰ۳һ޴Ӱҹδҧ˹
ҹδͷųĻȻһ̳ǽֻ˲仯⣬ǸӰ飬ҹδȴû˿ˣҲ⣬Ц
ҿֶܹã
ҹδɫأ֪ԼʶȡٶԽԽ졣
ֹͨУҹδͷųԼ򣬵һǷһķأ


983 ִ
ǿףרŹġ
ҹδֿʼ춯־ͷͨģʵȴǴһ׷
ꡭ
ҹδΪγһ޴Ȼˣһֻֻ۾˹ȥ
ȻһҽУɢˣڰзŵ׹䡣
ϣ
ҹδһնȥ˲仯Ϊ򽣣նһһڣҹδһӣս˴ָ
ĸ
ҹδĿĹˣ·ЩСɢΧûдǰ֪Լɱ̫죬ϢûдȥһһĿӶȥ
Ŀնɱ֮󣬿ռ䲨һ£¥ǳߣϴڨڨ
ҹѣ˼Һж
ô
ոʳ֣ҹδɫһ䣬ԶĺҲ֪˾ҵĿռ䲨ԲһʿսǺܶʿ
Ǹɶ¥ǸӲ˼ˣҰ鴫ȥˣ㷽նɱɵӰҲȥˡȻ󡭡֪ģЩѾ˷ˣ㽫ϢӰ񴫲ȥˣȻ͸ʿ˷ˣǷ׷׸ϹҪս塣
Ȼ󡭡
Ӧ˷ܹͷˣҲЩ忴ôʿǵأȻҲΪҪսǱˡҹģԽԽ󡭡
ҹδֱҲ¥ǣаɣ˵ЩӦöЩȥˡ
ҲѣʵӦûжѣִˣʲô鶼ܷ
ҹδͷ֪ģֻҪһϢȥǸϢȻ󴫲ٶȺͷΧʧˡ
ҲȥɣҪɱĿӦҲȥǱߡ
Уߣ
㻹ǲҪһˣ߾ΪģҾͻ뿪ߵʿûꡣԣһ𣬵ʱԹ
Ҳں¥ǰȻ˵ҲеҾͲһˡԺϾȥڰݷ㡣
ã
Զռ䲨ķȥ¥һʧˡҹδֳĽ֮ɫռͨ
ãҹδͿսڵսʿҲ͸һٶǿԤϵǣò˶ãͻһսΪÿʱÿ̶ʿ߷
ֳǽһңֻҹδûѡΪĿ֮һʱںһʿҺͣѹǸʿҹδϢһʿɱװʵǿһɱһԼĿ꿿˹ȥ
ಡ
ϵ˫ʿ룬սҳһš
Ӫʿ˾ֱʿʿˣֱʿսѾںϵˣлԪԪʿ
ҲǱʶʲôʿʲôģ綢򣬺ϵźϵ
ǣϾأܿ죬ͳԽ壬ʿȻԴԴϵʿ룬ϣǸϣʼ·硣
ȻҲмĸռϷ磬Ǽܲסʿ࣬Ȼûи߾ȥɱ;ʿȴѾʼԶ٣ʿʼ
ʱҹδҲʿлҹδɱǸʿзǳ֣Լҹδɱʱҹδͳֲ֧ӣлҹδ룬ҹδɻһ֧ģ
ⲻǰ׶һ
ʱҹδѾԼĵĿ꣬ȻǸʿһץǸʿʱѹʿۿžܹնɱ֡ȴԼͻȻһռڣȻǸռˡ
䡭
ҹδͬʱԼлԼʿҲȻͷų򣬽֣㱻ָɱҹδѾ˵Ŀ꣬Ŀ걻пռɱûԡѪûȴѾľսոմпռıɱг㿴һĨ£ͱնɱ룬ҹδս˴ָ
Ǹնɱʿһ㶵ģҹδûʱĿĹˣֿһĿ꣬ǸĿ˹ȥʱǸʿҲӦ˹Ϊʿɱ˹ȥһӦսһҹδıӰ
ѣлˣ
ҹδֱһϵڵʿ˹ȥʱǸʿںΧһʿҹδ˹ӭҹδ롣һ֮£ϵдϲ

ҹδʱȫ·磬ЩǱ⵱Ȼҹδװġһһ֧ŵģһԼĵ߸Ŀ꿿˹ȥʿչҹδȵǱܣɵ÷Ц
䡭
ҹδĿһ˵߸ĿѾĶ֣һϵԲնɱȻһʿ˹ȥǸʿԭŶ֣һǱϵлʱˡ
ҹδ봥һ׷ͬʱ׿ԼĶ֣Ǹϵڣ̤̤ǲŵ߸Ŀ˹ȥ
䡭
һ׺Ǹʿͷϣֱ꣬ʹ꣬ǶŻ㱡Ų̤ǲҹδʱѾǰ
һüģʶڱƣһӣ㽫ʬս˴ָȻĿķʣµĿꡣ
ʱע⵽ҹδˣǰҹδսʱ䲢ɱ壬жȥȻŸǰۿҲֻһС֡ԣ󲿷ʿǲʶġҲΪˣҹδҵ͵ϮĻᡣɱһֱʿע⵽ʱ㱻ͬʱע⵽ҹδǿɱǸϵԲʿУϳҹδ룬Ǽǰֳۿҹδսʿ
ҹδ룡һʿ󺰣ûб
һսϵĹעעΪ˵˼ǰҹδս壬ɱϵԲߵĶߵ顣ҹδûǲɳԾȻע
עԭ͸ˣⳡսԴͷΪҹδ룬ԭҹδսģȴû뵽ɱ
ҹδ룬ĳ㣡
һҹδɱ˹ҹδһˡϳԼʣµĿ֮һҲӭȥʱѾ¶ˣȻҪԼʵ˫ոսӽҹδͷųԼֻ֮ǰ򣬲ǸոŽĳε
޴ǸȥǴɢơ
ҹδ׼֪Ŀһӵŷһʵոոǹȥ˲䣬̽һץһпռ˹ȥпռ飬ɱ˹ȥһǽһߣ߻ʮţǧ
䡭
пռ䳹ױˣҪ˵ıǿпռĽɱûнɱҲֻǽ۽ɱ飬򽣱ڣȴʿʧȥ˵ȻƾԼǿʵһͷͨһȴҹδз򽣱ţţָȥ
͡
ǿ壬Ҳָи뵽ʱ򣬱㱻иһζΣòˡ
ҹδһ䣬㽫ЩһζεЩǺöǳԣǺöζ
ǰ˲Ϣҹδ㽫նɱΧһֱڹעʿһǶǵʮɳⷶΧʿβ֪ǿ
˵ʵЩϵԲʿûһ˵Լһܹùοɱ
οڲϢʱɱ
ʿȴŭˣսԭһѪڵĵطѾƽʱˣװĶǳ嶯

һȺҹδ˹ûʿȥΪ˵彮ʵǱ̫ࡣʱÿʿԶһʿҲҪʿԣһȺҹδʱʿҪæȴ޷æЩʿȻսֲͬ֡
䡭
ս˲䱬ϵԲĴΧҹδ򣬶֮Уҹδеһ
ҹδûǸĿ֣ѡķĻչ̿
Ȼ󡭡
Լɣҹδûаֽ;裬Լ԰Ի˭֪᲻Ի
һڷżһϸϸ֪ԷʵЩˡ
Լǿ
嶼ǺϵԲܹ֪ǵķǵĽܶԼܶࡣ
ԭҲܹӶԷͨзǵԪҹδ룬ǵʶҲҹδ롣ǵıҹδ롣
һˮӣҹδΪƽأҪЩϵԲ࣬ˮӲװˮ࣬ѹҲͷŵͨͱһˮˮҹδȻø


984 
ҹδǶͨƿϣܵıϣͳ־ϣԶʱҹδо¶Լܴʮ
ҹδ̬̱ˣ֪Լ׾ͻὫԼĿɱҪҵһĿꡣԣû̷һ߷һĿĹˣѰһĿꡣ
ΧûУ㿪ʼսƶѹҹδڿзҹδʮֵǱĴò˶ãͻᱻϵնɱ
ʵϣڸտʼʱҲΪֻҪҹδĴǱӣڰڽҹδնɱǣһӹȥˣҹδǱǺ֮ǰһǱûɱҹδ롣
ӺҹδǱûɱҹδ롣
һŭˣôģұ֣ȫ
ôһʣµˡ
˭ûȫôͳȫҿ¿лףûгȫ
ô˵˵أ
˵ľ㣡
һΧɱҹδ룬һڧʱҹδ뿴һĿ꣬ǸһΧɱеһʿ
ϣ
ҹδ뿪ʼˣĻǣǵػסԼȻеǸ˹ȥǻҹδĵھŸĿ꣬Ȼпռǽ
θ죬ɱģڧлҹδѾûл֮ˣҹδôͻȻһϢʱͽǸնɱˡȻȱڳ˳ȥŲ̤ǲֱԶǸɱ˹ȥ
Ǹÿ˷ҹδնɱĳ档ʱҹδɱ˹бһ˿־壬ͷԶȥͬʱʣµΧҹδĴϵԲΧɱ£ҹδ뻹նɱһҳ˰ΧȦʱܴܵ裬һҹδ׷ȥһߺΧɱҹδ롣
䡭
һͨҹδĻϣҹδ뱻ˡǿʱҲоĻűơ
ԼŽ׷ɱ˹ȥ˷۹һͷųҹδײֻײ˲䣬ҹδ͸оԼʼȶʼŤһ
ҹδ̫ˡ
תжȥһײҹδҡΣѾӰҹδٶȣۿǸԶȥ
ҹδ벻ʵ³һۿǸԶȥ侲ԵǻɵĴͳϵشз˽ʼרĵӦΧĴ
ʱΧĴѾʮⲻҪʮҪʮҹδž޴ѹоԼֲ֧˶á
ţ
侲ʮײҹδ֪һ˿ͬ
Լ֮УȻʮʮʼײȻײ󣬵ȴҹδһ֡
ߵ
ҹδߵȻͿʮߵǣ֮£ʼ˾ҵײҹδоԼѹһᣬԼʱȫһŦʮҵײһţȴż΢ѹ
䡭
սϵĺȻøӼңҹδһ𣬲ĿĹˣֳ֮ɫʱʿѾ࣬Ÿģʿ߷˹
˷ӹ̣ͮҰ
ǡʿϹˣ
սˣ
ˣΪԴԴϵʿϹγ˴սĹģģԽɵĿռ䲨ԽǾңսĲԽԶʿԽࡣ
ҹδЩ飬֪δսԴͷԼԼֻҪɸȴΪ¥ǵĺѡ
ԣ
ⶼ¥ǣ
ҹδ˲٣ʼ̤ǲʩչ˼ޣ׷ɱ߲ͣ幥ߵ֮£͹˴ײԼԼһ˴˺·ҹδ;ͬһ㣬ֱŽ׷ɱ˹ȥ
һ׷ɱ嶼ˡ
ôҹδˣҹδôʲôҲ˵׷ɱ
ҹδͷŵʲôͨ
Ȼܹôͨͨ˴˹
ҹδЩ֪꣬ԼոմսߵҲһܼޡ޵ʱ򣬱޷ߵǸʱԼͻΣ֮Сߵһ飬ԼֱӾͻˣˣֻһǾ
ʱӹҲҹδ룬˲ɽҹδҪȴʿסܹƷĶ֣һʱ㱻ѹסˡ
ҹδ۾ͻȻһڽǰ棬һռͻȻ¥ǵӰ֣һն˿ռ䣬ĿռŽӿ
ɵ̫죬ʱı䷽ѾһͷܼĿռƬ֮У˫ȶ㱬ܼķкͿռײӰ쵽ٶȡŲ̤ǲҹδѾ˿ռ֮С
ߵƿռУѾ˽˽Ѿ˵ĽиȻһ֣¥ǣ¥Ҳûпֱս˴ָ
ллҹδϲá
¥ǿӿʿɫصճ
ѵĽҹδԹ
¥ǸЦһ߿壬һ˵ҹѣһ£ô
ôϣ
ҿǸߵ·ӣ
ԣ
㷽õӦߵɣ
ţ
Է£߿ռ·ӵķ򿴣ӦЧǣնǡ
ҹδһԡ
㻹û򣿡¥ǲǳھĴС
һûʸѧҹδЩʧ䣬ȻҶָ˷ҿԡֻǸտʼδؿס
Уԣ
Ȼ¥ǾʧˣҹδĽռһ˺εͨ
Ѿɱ˹ҹδߵĹɱ˴˹Ȼ£һʿ˹ȥ
顭
ըˣ
һκ£ײըˡ
ͨըˣײֱӽǸը˳ȥ
͡
¥ǼʱǸըɵĴǰһն㽫ǸԴ룬һӣս˴ָҹδ뺰
ġ
ҹδɫһ죺´Σ´һ
ˡ
ҹδߵʿĹ໥ײʿһƬȻߵһգһʿ£
飡
ըˣֱӽǸը÷κ
һӰͻأس֣һնɱǸ壬һʬ壬һߵҲУɱУ
ҹδ벻˵ʼרĴս£
飡
ըˣ
¥ּʱسؿռڳһնɱʿȻȵ
顭
ըϵ¥Ҳϵնɱ壬˵ԽԽĬնɱǳ졣¥ɱʹ죬ҹδȴƣûͨ
ôһĹѾɱ˶ʮ壬ȻǺϵԲҲǺϵһʿע⡣ʱһʿΧһʿڼǸΪͬʱڸ߿֮УһŲҹδ롣
б۳һֻ޽ţͬһһ㣬ҹδͻȻͳҹδԴϡ
䡭
ͷͨѾҹδһȭͬۻԭССȭͷͺ˾޽֮ϡܾ˵ľ޽һӾͱ䱬ˡǰΧʿһڿռڵ¥ŵöӿռڵ
ƽصıһʿͨڻ£ҹδĴԥԼǲȥǸһǸȴŭˡ
һϵһȭԼıͨȻܹԴ˿ҹδıǿǿҲһϵԼҲһء
㲻Ǳǿ
ǰҵĽУ㻹ǿ
ǸʿӸߴҹδ븩ͬʱĽ磬Ҳҹδ˹
ܣ¥Ǻһɤӣξʧˡ
ҹδȴеһãҪʵ㽫ԼŶԷĽײ˹ȥ
ͽײ˽ȥǲһϢʱ䣬ҹδ͸оڶԷڵɬصĸо
Ƕ֣
ʱԷĽѾҹδ˽ȥԷĽһԣһ㣬ҹδ뼷ѹ˹ҹδɣɶԷ㼷ѹԽСѹԽǿ˵һ񣬽Լ
ҹδ붸Ȼͬһӣи˳ȥոձڽڣڽıԵԷĽ绹ûüγʵļѹ֮пһ϶ҹδӷ϶д˳ȥŲ̤ǲԶȥ
ҹδ˳ȥǴŭһ·ҹδ׷˹ȥ


985 
۴ҹδ򲻹
ǣܣ׷
һ׷һӣսԾ
סǴ
ʿҹδ˹ҹδߵЩʿû๥ȻһȴͻȻһڴͬʱơ
飡
ûƳɣְǸըˡ
ϣ
¥Ǽʱس֣ǸʿնɱȻʧ
ҹδдޣ¥̫ˣֱ̫Ĭˡ
顭
ҹδһӣһߵƿأȻƣըһ壬¥Ǿͻἰʱ֣նɱǸʿ
׷ϵĴףԼʿ׷ɱ£ԷһϵܹԼܹڰԼͬʱһʿնɱԼߵʿôһѾɱ˰˸ʿҲȽ¥ǣǲ¥ʵΣռͨҲҲ¥˿Ӱ
Ѳ
ֻһֱ׷ҹδ룬ͲһϵԪĴԼ࣬׷ҹδ룬ǵҹδľ޴ʱ򣬱ض׷
ɱҹδɱˡ
һӺҹδ¥ɱʮû׷ҹδ롣
Ӻҹδ¥ɱʮ߸ʿҲû׷ҹδ롣
ʱѾûʿȥҹδˡ
ס
ǲأҹδ벻ˡʿǱ߳壬Ȼ¥ϡ
ʱ
ҹδдϲսơһһͬͺҹ磬һʿĲƣǸʿ˲䱻Ȼ¥һסȻ޵
ԣ
ʱŭǼ˲٣˲ٵΡѾʶԼ޷׷ҹδˡ
Ϊʱҹδû˿Ĺ޵ģԼֵܹҹδĹޣҲʱܹġ
ʱ
˵ɱʿ
ǡ
Լڲ׷ɱҹδҲǸ¥նɱʿ
Լô죿

ʱ򣬰дһȣҹδ͸оëһɾ޴ΣոоϮͷҲ룬ͷԿտĵطŲ̤ǲ
ҹδϿգһֱצӣҲĥ̴СҹδĻ˹
ٶȼ죬ҹδٶȣҹδܹоֻצӾԼԽԽҲ÷򣬵ֻצӱҪ˿˦Ѿһס
㲻ˣ
ҹδΡ
תͬʱеƷֻצӴ˳ȥ
䡭
ƽصעУͶԷצӺȻײצһƬѣҹδȴͬһ㱻ȥȻһ˵ϣҳһӡ

ˮӿ˳
䡭
ҲʱǸѵצӱˡ
֮£ҹδʩչԶȥȻӵص˳Ǹצӵˡ
̫ˣ
ǸʲôΪ
ڣƽ磿
ҹδһ߷ʳ˵һ߽䱸ǸʱڸѾˡһеģֻǶԷһ
Ǹһûɱҹδ룬ȴҲûлˡĶһ׺ͷʱŭ
ҹδ¥ɱˬ죬ԼĶּ䡣ȴû뵽ںԼɱĹУܹоһɱҹδ룬Ķ⣬žž졣ŭˣҲʲôصƣǸǸҲֻ÷ӦԣҲûоȥҹδ롣
¥سҹδ࣬Ĵָ
¥ʦ֣ǸʲôΪ
ǽɷ۷塣
ôǿҹδЩ⣬Է۷壬Լıƽأôˣ
Ǹצӣ
Ǹצ硣
磿ʲô磿
ǽԽСԽǿͺñȽһһ裬˵ܻΣ
硭ܹ
Ȼǽ磬Ҳܹǳда
ҹδҧҧʱᵽеҪԡڵԼŵӣҪŴһٰʮꡣûЩС
ҹδ뿴ԶǸأҲ᣿
϶ᣡҪɲףͨ£ֻڵʿпᡣסпܡ˵ˣᣬ͸һˡ
ԶǸصʿʱҲЩͷۣԼҪҪ׷ɱҹδ룿
׷ϰ
ԷӦ˵ǶԷȴû뿪֤ƲءҪ׷δ׷ϡǲ׷Ǽȥɱ壿
ͬʱҹδ¥ΧһƬտʿҿЩʿҲˣ֣ǿ˲ɱϵԲġضÿ취ʱ򿿽ɱǣ
ʱҹδĿҲǸأ˼һµ
¥ʦ֣Ѵģ
ģô󣿡
ҹδŬŬ죺ɱǸ磡
¥˷ƣ
û⣡
Ҹû⣬ֻҪܹһ˿ʱ䣬Ҿлᡣһûɱء
УԼջᡣ
ҹδһ̤¿ռǸش˹ȥ¥ǵͻأʧˡ
翴ҹδ˹ˡ
ô
۷һˣ
ɱˣ
Ȼ㲻ӣҾͲˡ
飡
Ҳҹδ˹˲˾룬ȻǸؾҹδͷ˽磬˲佫ҹδ롣
ҹδеɽͬһ𵴣Ǳҹδı𵴣ҹδѾʩչ˼ޣûͨûеȫıŽٵи
ٶ̫ˣ
䡭
Էֻһأҹδƽءһ򷨣ʲôô顣
ҹδԷ̫ˣԷĽǰľֽһ
ʵϣһ򷨣һҪǷǳߵġϾƷǳߵֻͨǸ߳ޣƲġֻǳڵĽ磬ҹδķΧڣԲҪôɾشԷĽ磬Ƕܡ
ǣҹδƽһﵽƽڡѾ󾳽Ĳ࣬ʵĲ࣬˲ʹ˶ԷĽ硣
һʿĽ磬飬ȻܵشʿѪڽ类˲䣬ҹδƾͷŹȥˣشʿ㱻һ¥ǾͽԴ룬ֽʬ𣬷Ц
ⲻһɱ磬Ǵδɱɡ
δ룬һӶҹδ붼
ҹδһȥҰķע⵽Ұ᧿ΣɢޣΪĻʵͨʱһѹŴ򣬶ǸҲ۷塣ȴѾҰˣۿžҪ
Ų̤ǲҹδͬһһ㻮գǸĽ統СȻǸռϷ磬ҲȫҰ뵽һֱӳĽ磿
ҸոճĽ磬ûеȵӦ㽫Ľˡƣ¥һնɱ
ٶȿģϵĬҰˡ
ţȴͮ
ҹδһٴνŲ̤ǲŲԶͮսǸ˹ȥʱǸѾҹδ뷽ź¥նɱͬľ˲Ϳ־ˡʵҹδ¥֮£նɱ̫ˡ
Լܹҹδ¥ǵ»׿ͮԶܡҹδһˣ㼱ˣƴ׷ϡ̤ǲǸڵĴôһԼû׷ϣҲ롣
սϱһ澰һڣһϵʿ׷õܣһĻʿʿʿʿ䡣
ҪǣʿԽԽ࣬ʼֹסơ
ֹס֮ߵʿһſڷˡֹסƾҪҪˡ
أεս̫ͻȻˣ嶼ûս׼ȴռŵ˵ģ˵սľͱ̺ܶ࣬ٴȥֻԽԽ
֮ǰܳǸʱ̫ԣһǸʱ򳷣γ˱׷ɱľ棬ʮʿųɡǣѾֹסƣĳˣһأҲ׷ΪǸʱռ˵ʿʱˣ׷أͻγľ棬ʮɻȥһɡ
ʿָ£忪ʼĳˡأҲͣҹδҲô˻͵͵ˡ
û취鰡
ȻͻȻս¥ǽԼսϢȥԭ򣬵ǺԼȷʵŹϵⳡսʿ˲١һԭȻҲԼô鷳¶϶١
ԣҹδˡ

֮⣬ҹδ̤Űƻͷһۣûˣһڷɳ³һ
ˡ


986 
ҹδ˲˳ȥͬʱȥ¥Ǵӿռڴ˳ҹδһ㣬
ôˣ
¥Ƿһۣ㶼֪ܣѵҲ֪㵱ɵ
֮£ҹδҲɷһۣ֪㻹ĴսϢ
ҡҲû뵽ôӰȻһֵѾˣõ£ʮ꣬ǾˡߣһطսƷȥ
ҹδˣɱ˲ٵ壬ʿϵʿмʮ˵ЩʿĴָǵıҲһǱԼֻҪ͵͵뿪ǰ¸ˡ
¥ܹ׷һɽˡ
ַɳǧѰһɽһɽ£Ȼ¥ǽЩʬ嶼Ӵָз˳
һڣһڣʮŸϵ
¥飺δ룬Ҳһָˡֱӷ壬ʬϵĴָȻҲ͸ŷָ˭ô
У
ҹδʹӦ¥ǣ¥Ҫ̰ˣô֣ҹδ붼ԿΪ֮ǰѴָеĺöߡҪǸ̰һЩ׷ԼԼҲ˵ʲô¥׷˵ֵΡ
ҹδ¥Ҳϲҹδȣδ룬ڵĸ㣬ڵĸҡ
ãҹδֽǸڵĴָߣʬһˣǸԿָҲܲܽһ¡
ʣµʮŸʮҶʮŸ
У
ҹδشҲʹ죬ϣȻһɱ¥ǣǳĻҹδ룬ҹδҲûпʮŸϵİȻͷˡ˶ţʼ鿴ԼǰĴָ˿öüɫ衣
Щָжľɾҹδżһ£Ʒɾǧ飬Ʒɾٶ飬Ʒɾڶ顣
Ƿˡ
֮ľǲҩҶĲҩҩ仹ȻһЩʯ֮ġвٵһ򣬿ģɱʿ֮õġ
˽̸һ£ҹδҪзı¥ҪռġеıȻϡûпռϡôഢָУҹδҲֻҵֺͿռйصı¥Ǳȴֺйصı¥Ҳ֪ռ䱦ϡ㽫бﻻֿռ䱦
ֽԵõóԸһݡ˽ϵӡ֮Ҳû뿪¥ȡһߺţһ
¥ڵŵӣһɽ籾ʿ¥ǵһˣҹδĵúͶҲ̹Ҳڱͷ֮ǺҪҹδ֪Ķ˺ܶࡣ
ϾһռԵ콾ҲǺĵӡ
δ룬㲻̫ġʵϣʿͷӪҲǸ߲ʶشٳɵģһֻܹǿ󡣵Ȼ߲㶼ڿƣᳬƵķΧ
˼ҼӪû⣿
ǣ¥ҡͷ϶ǣҲ˵ġ
ҹδü⻹ǿƣ
ԣ˵ҲǹôģǶԷӪĴиҳֱӴġͨǣһʮΣյʵϣ״ǳ٣̫ĳӪ֪Σա󲿷ǣͨΧڵֶΣĻԵ
ȷ˵ĳʥأҪġкֶܶȥòұɣʧȥһλᣬҲһӾҪں׷һҲôˡ
ҹδͷڵֻпᣬ׼
˰ʱ໥ǡ
ҹδųڷȥ
صţϽȻͷԼĶʼԼջͬʱҹδҲʮɳǵĳ֪ˡ׵֪¥ǴϢʱҲûԣϢҲͱ͵˳ڡ
ҹδҲ湻󵨵ģõʮɳǳǳ΢ʡ˵Ϊҹδ룬ʧأ˲ʿ
дŲ
ҹδ뵨̫һ񣬾Ȼǳһսڶܵڵ״ӡʦһ֮
ʦǧӪƣҹδҲǴͷոռţ͸ʧ꣬Ӫ·Ӫӵİ衣
ǽλᣬͷҹδ룬һ档
ڵؿܵǳ֮ʲôǳڵϱȵڣ̫ڣʿȵڣ̫ڣǳܹΪĴ󳬼֮һƾʲô
ܵҴƴ
˵ĲڵͷɫԻ㻹ûŵ֮ҲͲҵĴӡ
ԣô˵ҹδǳڵƣǳڵķǡʱͷҹδ룿
ⲻžǳڹͷˣ
һͷǳڵ鷳
ԣǲܳͷҹδ룬Ҫ
ʦ֪˵öԣһǲ÷Ǳ߸ˣ
ڰڰֵԸ
ܵ۾һʦҪΪӣ
ڷһۣҵĵô׵𣿡
ԶԶԣʦǣ
ȸҹδԸһڣˣȻΪͽ
ߣʦǸߣܵ˴ĴָҹδҪĵӡҪĵӣ˭뵱ĵӰ
ˣضʦƴӣƴΪЧһǶԷӪһصĴ
ڵȻ뵱ҵĵӣֻҪҵĽӪضɣȻżǸʱͲòͶЧˡ
ôܲΪĵӣ
ڰڰֵԣҪһ㹻Ľ
ʲôʦڻŵӣûʸõŹĴС
Ȼ֪ҵõһƪվⲻŵĴУҿԸ
ҹδԼջ񣬽ĲҩһһʰãȻ󽫱ûлԵĲҩֲڷڣܻܲְѼĿʯƻԼһȱټֿʯ
һУ㿪ʼʰЩʬ塣
ƤǣǵȵȣЩڵѪҺƳɷīԳԡЩʿ˵ζһʿżĸЧټһЩҩһǾ͸ˡ
ԭϵͷǳ󣬸οһ磬Ȼֲȱҩ׼Ժʱ䣬͸Լһô壬ܳԺܾء
û˷ѵĵط
˵ǣջ˺ܶ
ʿϲģеҲȷʵࡣЩҹδˣԽֲڷڣȻԼڽӵ
ʰ㣬оԼĽƣһߣһѰ˼š
˭Լ
ҹδżûʲôѣΪһһٸʿѾš
߳һʿվ⣬ҹδ빰ֵλʦ֣кָ̣
ܵûлֻǵصͷʸڵΪ״ӣƷϵݣĿǰҹδŵӲȵġ
ܵҪ㣬ɡ
ҹδͷûгԾ飬ҪĲǳԾ˼Եɡ
ڵĶڡ
ʱҹδվڵĶ档ϴŵЦݣ
ڵʮɳǱǵĻǲСǱѾѶҪ˵
һ·ϣҹδѾ˼üټԭڵʮɳǱ߷飬⼸֮һ֮£ƽ˵
ֻȥǳս޹ءĪرǳսǲ٣Ӧøҽ
Ϊ̫ܵˣֻһҲᷢ顣ԺҪʱ񣬲ҪڻˡοôȥҪϵƳٽŵʱ䡣
ҹδͷסʵϵӲǹûлֻͻȻЩ򡣡
˵ıǿڵĽ磬˿ıѾﵽƽ˰ɣ
ţҹδͷϣ֪ˣرִʿ
Ԫศɵģ˵ԪҲǿ˰ɣ
ǴﵽͻĻ
Ȼͷ˵ֻҪõ˹ܿͻ硣
ҹδҡͷ߿ˣ콾Ҳͻ練ƣַ߲ףرҪʲôԪʲôģЩ½ģȾ۽͵̵Ĳ㣬ͻ磬죬ڻȫͷء
ڵĿһ˿ҹδ뻰е˼ȻЦ
ʮɳǱ߶û㻹һļһҪҪôδǳڵķǣҲķ鷳ԣŶ㲻Ҳͷ


987 
ҹδ뿴ڲԲڲȻʧЦΪһ׼һ˽˵Ľ
ٺ١ҹδЦˡ
ȡһƮҹδǰڵıԪﵽͻ컯Ļ߲Ԫ񡣵ֹǲǰġŵĹڸվҲ֮֮Ҳ㡣ΪվһƪʶĴСҪγԪѣ˹Բ⣬ҪǿԪȴǺѣҪӦǿʶ
ͱԪıԽǿԪȾԽߡͬǣʶԽǿԪҲԽǿƪվһżãţЧʶøǿ󡣡
ҹδ벻һϲӹһʵվԪԺʿЧ𣿡
Уɿʶǿȣ̶ӰԪԪҲķȾͷǳСˡõķʽԪ֮ǰվʶǿ󣬵ʱԪȻǿ󡣡
ҹδ˼ǣվԪ֮ǰԪǿЧһԪ֮󣬶ԪӰͺ΢ˡ
ԣ
ҹδЩʧΪѾԪ񣬶Ҳ֪ԼԪ񾿾ʲôƷƷԪվԪİҲ΢Լδĵ;ǡ飬ʩ
л
ȥɡúֻҪֵúãδûгΪ״ӵϣ
ҹδĬȻٶʩǣŵķȥɵ;̾ϢһгΡ
β֪շܿͻᱻȥһԼضܵӪĻɣһˣǱضųԼΪӪ֤ҹδǷӪǵһʿˣһ࣬һ١
˼
ֱų⣬ҹδ룬һҹδڽһԷӪ˺̫ˡ
ʿҲδػԼʮֿ϶ھԲԼΪ״ӡȻټԼһֱûдȥ˵ڻΪӵ˼ܿʹ˳ȥԼеһӡ
صԼĶóǸۿ
Ǻַ꣬ȿվ˵
վ̣֡ȴᣬֱָԴ΢Լ໥ӡ֤кܶණȻʣ⻹ҪģΪҪǣ棬ܶǰû뵽ģ޷ش׷׶ĺԵķ
⻹ֻǵһĶվ΢ӡ֤
ҹδдϲһΣԼ׬ˡ
Žһվȴָ֪Ľƣ̾Ϣһи̾ӪٶȻǿ찡
ԼѾΪ˱ʿͷӪһ㣬˵Լͱɱ÷顣վٲ˶ſڣ򿪴ţһʿվ⣬дӣӵĿУܹһ˿һֿͽ
ɡ
˵תߣȴͣתɫؿվڶſڣһҹδ롣
˵û
ҹδɫƽûΪԷİ񣬶Լű仯ƽ
δʦ
ҵ㲻֪߾ˡĪ㻹Ҳȥ
Ѿ²⵽ʿҪԼӦȥһɽ壬һӪĳϣΣӦûСԼȥ˱ضλǰͼӴףͲͼӴףȫһڮԼԼԺŴ粽СǣôȥˣԺԼڳڵҲ⡣
ǣҹδ뻹׼ȥһˣʿڷǰڮԼĻᡣͷϣǸʿƲƲ죺
˻
ҹδɫƽûŷȥţȻϼ£ϼȥ
ҹδڿʯдϼֺ󣬱֪Լ²ûдڼں󣬶ڳҲܵȥ˽
ϼķϼӣƷϣ컯磬Ӫе쵼֮һ
ҹδܿվϼӵǰʱǰǸʿѾû˰񣬹ؾصϼʩ
ʦλҹδ롣
ݼϼϡҹδʩ
ϼӶԼ״Ӱڰ֣ȥɡ
ǣʦȥ
ϼӿҹδˣ
ţ
վˣ
ţ
ӦΪ״ӣ
ûУҹδʵʵֻ˵һ䣬гΪӵϣ
ϼЦЦô룿
ûʲô뷨
ûʲô뷨ֿǲǽվǴӦΪͽһոմ½ʿлƽ޲û뷨
վΪŵķǡ룬˭飬ضάǺŵӵġ˵յӵĻû뷨
ӿصֻʵʵѾվԵ˵Ѿ㹻ˡ
ϼ΢䣺˼ǣ˲ϵظʵǲǾͿΪһУ岻ϵظʵǲҲˣ
ҹδ΢΢̧ȻԷ컯ʿҹδɫƽ
ϣҵʵùͻġӦظʵɸʵҲгɽʵ
Ƿÿ˵ľʮַḻ֪ûԵ޹ʵ͡õģΪӦõġ
ϼԻ̽ʵô˵Ľ
ڰֵ㲻ýͣ鲻ڸȻɱŵķǣȴûжʲôסûбҪ㣬Ҳͷ㡣վ˽˶Ľ
Ҳɵӣûɵӡ㲻벻һ㣬ӽӦԭûмӪͷԲŶٲںӪĿӦҲûҪ뱾ʿӪȻΪ״ӳ⡣ԣ뵱ߣ
ǣҹδûԼ뷨ֵϣҵΪҲΪҵĽҲӦõģɱ˺ܶ壬磬ѵⲻҵĹ𣿡
ϼ̾Ϣ㣬ɲɡ˵·ߣرڵ״ҪȱĿ߸ߡ
֪
㷽˵ɱ磬ʸõǱصĻǹҪɣ㻹⴫һӹġ
ٺ١ҹδЦ糤˵ģԺ·ߣлõȻ
аɣҪʲô
Ҫ˽ԪηּμᶨԪʲôƷ
ҪڵõŴ֮ǰԼģԪͻ磿
뷨ȻӲΪͻƶͻơӵȲǧ꣬ǧ̫ˡǧꡣȻҲӦڵӦ˽ܣΥŹ򣬳ϿԾܾ
Υֻ˽һԪҲǳʶϼȡһհϢȻҹδ
һȰ㲻ҪäĿڳصĲǾ磬սȷ˵
ϼӳһջ˵ȷ˵ڡ
ڣҹδ뾪ȡ
ϼЦǲǾãԭ͹ɽ磬ôڣ
ţ
ʵϻ磬磬ﶼ壬ǿ塣ͻȻ֣شǸʱĴ󳬼ţط֮ǵŽΪĴűɽĸڣĴŽĸطѹڡٽɽ硣
ŷӡÿ꣬Ϊռԭ򣬷ӡɶɶʦܹġֻɵĲܹ¼ӹ̷ӡʱڡɽеҲعĴţҪΪеᡣһηӡɶǧꡣǸʱκһʿǼΣյʱ̡
Ǹʱǻӭɽ繥ǵ壬ǽ磬ֵĽǲַʽŶ뾡Ӧİš
磬ϵʿĶǺϵʿĶ硣һԼģԪͻ硣Ȼֻһ磬Ķȴ磬ļж󣿡
ҹδбˣû뵽Ĵ󳬼žȻѹһڡ
ǰѹ֮ɹֹ𣿡
ûУÿһηӡɶǳڶʿ㲻ֻ֪Ҫ֪ʿǳûȴгı£޷ġ
ҹδʾԼףϼӰڰ֣ʾ뿪ˡҹδʩ֮ת뿪
ߣ
ߴһߣҹδתױ㿴ǸԼʿһ˪ضԼҹδѾ֪ϼӵ״ӣϼӶǲģԪƷķҪͻ磬ԣҹδǰʿһʶȫУȫԼûתɽȥ


988 
ɾɫһڣҹδȥʦĶſڣҶ֣±ʦǣɽ¡

ǾʦԶһЩȵţԼһҪʰҹδ룬֪ͽ³
ߵɽ£ɾ̤ƶȵңûŵƣ㻹ΪԼܹųȥ
лʦ֡ҹδֻõл
ʦ֣ȥĶλʦ˭
ҹδš

һ·ϲϵʿһкɾҲһ𰸡ÿһεɾش꣬ʿɫ䣬Ŀ쬵ضҹδ롣
ܲѺá
صţɾҹδ룺ˣǳΪͽĺ
ҹδ뿴һۣøԼֱ档
ɾֵԭŽѵһ٣񿴵״ҾòˡԺڳڱԵУ粽СҪͶ˱ʿʿͻġ
ġ
ڱʿò˿İ
Ǳʿһ

㲻ϡ
һʲôȱ²Ƶأһ߱Ҳʧȥ˽ѵȤ֮Ϊ֮ɡ
䣬ɾһ˦䣬նȥ
ҹδҲҴһصԼĶڸûʱȥɾȻɾԼûƽԼڼ֪ԼԪ񾿾ʲôƷ
ϥԼĶڣҹδȡǸʼϸĶ
һӺҹδɫѿ
ԪĸȼƷƷƷͼƷ
ҹδԪƷҰ˵ʿһԪ񣬱㱻Ʒ
ƷԪͨ£ľͷֻм΢СĿԣͻƵƽ⡣
ҹδĿһٴĶǸȻԼһüͷ
أԪӵԪĵģԪĺ͵ĶӦ
ҲΪʲôʿҪԪԪ֮ԪĻӦĵλãԪ񿪱ٵġ
Ԫľ൱Ԫ࣬൱Ԫࡣ
ǣҹδȴԼûҵԪģ˵ԪģӦԪһɲǣ֪Ԫڡ
ǣûп֮ǰҹδûи֪Ԫģ֪Ԫ¡
ô
ҹδֳǡ
ѵԪҵģ
ҹδ뷴˰ʱɫѿ˼֡ǰԪԼģָʹ˲ͬͷϸ֪֮£ȷʵԼԪ֮һ˿Ϊ΢ĸңȻоһ˿΢ĸЩϤϸ룬бȻë
ˣ
Ϣ޵ģ޼ǲԭ޵Ϣ
ʱҹδЩӦˡ
ԼԪڻԵɺγɵģȻԼΪ壬ǲԼɣԼΪ֣Ҳ֪ô¶ϡͿԪ񡣶޿²ûбԼɱš
ӦʮԶȥԪƿأһ޶ȥԪƿأҹδͱˡȵҲǴ˼ǣû뵽ҹδɳ̫죬һֱѹȫûлᡣ
ѾԪƷˣԼɱޣһֱ֪ʲôʱͱˡһ˿ڣҲҹδսȫӡҹδƲ⣬һɱޣԪȫԼǸʱԼӦܹԪġ
ǣôܹɱޣ
ʱҹδѾ˲Ŷ̬ȣҲ˲ʲôվľβܹɱޡ
һڵ֮ϵԪɿ֣еıƮԪǰȻԪ㻯⣬뵽߲㡣
䡭
һҹδԪϡ
䡭
ҹδĴԪޡǴԼ֮ҹδͣ˫֮粻
õһһ
õĽǣԴԪѾ֪ϼ֮УûԪⷽĴ֮⣬¹Ԫһжʮϼû뵽ҹδѾԪ񣬱Ͼҹδʱ̫̣ԪֻҪȱԪ񴫳飬ǸܹԪһϸҹδҲֻܹ˽⣬ûʵϵô
ΪӮҹδڷӪĺøУķǳϸ
ʿԪ֮ʿΪ
ĻĿУȻԪԪ
Ԫϣײ㣬
סֻԪΪԪԲŴﵽͻƽĻ֮һ
ȷ˵ҹδԪͱ嶼ﵽƽ⣬Ԫȴֻһ״̬ҪϴԪ
ֻԪΪ磬ȴԪƷƷģƷ
ҹδõ˽ԼķϴԪźǿĸЧűڣҹδ벻ؽԪϣ߿ײ㣬ϴڱϴͿˡ
ˣڰȫϾǿ˺ܶࡣ
ϾԪǾһΣԵģһʿ֣ԼԪ񣬻߽ԪץߣⶼΣա
ǺõĽôĽʲô
޲ûЧҹδľޣԪΪڲ⡣
ҹδ˼Ƭ̣㽫Ԫתƽ뱾һ㡣
һף꣬ԪĴڹǿ
䡭
һ׺ҹδԪ֮ϣԪʹһſ˵ϣҹδɫȴһϲ
ײǶԪЧĹһҹδԪܵ΢˺ҲͬʱӦܵ˺·ĵ޵Ĳҽ
ҹδоһϲȻʹҶԪ˺ǿʹּ˵һ׺Ȼרעظ֪Ԫڵλá
䡭
ҹδԪʹֱ鴤ȴ֪޴ŵλãԪüĴ

䡭
һ׺һרע£׼ҵ޵λáȻǿʹʼԪڵ޵λ˹ȥ
ҽһ
ҹδ룬ҡ
ã
ûжˣ֪Լֻһҹδɱ
䡭
һԪ޵λãҹδܹ֪ȻԼԪҲˣܵ˺ҪҹδԪһЩ
ҹδֻǼ˰ʱͣΪоȥԼԪͻܵԵ˺ȻԪ񲻻ɢԺѻָˡ
Ԫλҹδʹûֱ鴤Լ֮Żָ˹ȴֳ˲״̬ΪԪܵ˺ҪָԪ
Ҫҩ
񵤡
ҹδ뿪˶ǰֹ񵤵ĵȻ㷵ԼĶҪĵҩУһǶҩϵĲҩʼɹƳƷ񵤡ҹδûʧ֪Լ񵤵ķʽûдҪƳƷ񵤣ҪҩĲҩ
ʼʳ񵤣ڷʳ񵤵ĹУϸϸ֪޵״̬Ҳڻָ񵤲ڻָԼԪҲڻָޡ˫ָٶȲࡣ޻ָٶҲͱҹδԪָٶһҡ
ҹδȴǳһ
Ҫ֪׺ʱҹδ뵼׺ޣ׵Ĵ󲿷ܶ޵ϣܵĴҪҹδԪءָʱٶֱҹδԪһɡһҹδֻҪϵӿ׺ޣޱÿκ֮󣬱ԽԽһ죬Ὣ䳹ĨɱֻʱҲ᳤һЩ
Ҳûа취飬ΪҹδԪܳ׺ÿ׺ҲܹܰʱңȻ񵤻ָԪҪʱҡ
ҹδڶĨģ㿪ʼ˼ַʽЩ˷ʱ䣬Ҳ˷񵤡ԣÿڷ߲㣬ϴԪһʱȻȥһ׺ްʱ֮ʳ񵤡üĨޣҲǼ飬¹ԼԪһжҪ
ʣ²ٵʱ䣬Ҫҹδƻһ¡֪Լڳڵ״Ҳ˷һʱ䣬ҪܵԼʵ
վ
ҹδվȡվһĶվİԼ໥ӡ֤֮䣬֮ءǳɬҹδȴԼÿ쵹ʱʱȥȥܡ
ҹδչˣҲʱëöëöһʿ˶ҹδѡӪų⣬ûСֻҹδ뽻۵֪ҹδԣݷҹδ롣ҹδȻϲҲҪ˽۵쳵ȡ
ˣëöÿΰݷãҲһЩϢ
磬ԴҹδչѾȥˣѾЩҹδˣҹδĴҲûˡҪԭ򣬱ҹδıչأû˿ҹδ룬ȻҲͿʼҹδ롣
ЩɴĽ׶ΣȻΪŵӣȴ޷õУŲеĲҪŶֻ̫ܹ࣬ϵһµĲ֣ҲǻǳЩΪ״ӵˣõʦԴбȻܸǴУȴԸǴ壬ԪʶȷĴУָ㣬һЩıͽʥҪĻ֡Щ״ӵʿֻҪ˷ӪҲٻõһЩ档ëöɵĻ˵Щÿ춼ڽ


989 ÿ
ëöĿߣÿ³ȥϽûָ㣬Ҳû͸ǻֻ֣ƾԼ׬ȡ֡Щ潲ʿǿࡣ
ǣȴҲ˺ܶ鷳꣬ߺͱʿ˶γͻˡ޵ģޣȻһ
ЩǴҪģҪЩǣ˵˼ĳ潲ҲȷʵӰʿʿⷽ˼ʹࡣ
ëöҲŵܳˣΪܡܶǺϵԲΪǱʿһǷӪһǿʿҹδһ˶ǺϵԲ֮Ȼ׷սȴûһ˻ʤܻܡ
Ҿ˵ڶ׼磬һɹΪƷϡڵӲͻһֵĽ
ʿܿ࣬ҹδֺæΪûĨޣ񵤵ʱһЩֵҩƷġ֮ǰĲҩȻ󽻸ëöȥëöɳһɡ
ëöȻ⣬Ͷ˵ãҹδʩᣬΪȻ֪ҹδæʲôȻҹδæҹδʮͱҹδûʱȥҩַ顣
Ҳʹҹδǲ⣬ҹδҡͷȴûиͣëöȻҲ׷ʣʿĬ
οëöɺҹδ뾭ദ˫оѾΪ˺ѣ˸׷ѵܡ
ˣ˱ҹδ밲չأʱëöɸҩҲҹδϢҹδϢѽڡ
ҹδйɣÿ춼ڽвͬĿ
ֲϵ÷߲ϴԪҹδԪѾͻƵڶءˣҹδԪǿ󣬶޵ѹƸǿҲԡڷһ׺ֵʱҲԽ˶޵˺ҲԽǿ
ޱԽԽȴûбĨκҹδ̸УѾĵҹδ룬ѡ˲̸УԪԼģκһ̸н罫Ĩɱǣʱ俴ܳж೤ҹδҲ޷ΪҲֻǸоޱԽԽȴ˽޵ʵ״̬
ûʲôŲûϵ幦͸˵ҹδѾƽصıˡıΪͣͲǰˡ
ԪϴҲͣˣΪԪϴҲﵽƽأǿıԪǶ٣ֻҪıûԪҲ޷
ԣҹδɴ˱Ԫϴʱ;ͨϡ
ʱȫߵ
ǰߵȴΪ죬սģҲֻһΣĲѾߵ˼ľ硣ߵʩչΪ죬Բû˿Ͱҽߵİ巢ӵ˼¡
ߵҪ塣һǧһǽ
ȻǧֻһݣܹǧҲܹúСܴΪʵãԽ˵ܵأСҲԵ˻߶˵ͨ໥Լȫ£ֻһർãǿԱ֮ʩںһ˶սʱ򣬿Խ˵Ĺˡ
ˣҹδѾͨһָڶߵ
ǰƣҲֻһΣʱ䣬ûʱ;ƣߵ׼ʼơ
վҲŵ
վıʱǸϸϸԼļ״̬
ԣϸĳйص̬ɽ𺣣ȵȣʿԼȥ졣һɹʶʱ޿̵زڴʶʶԽԽ̡
ʶԽ̣ҲԽܹʶѹʶѹܹ۳ɺ۳ɹ壬ʿĵ̺ս
ҹδķУĹԵվ֮󣬵һ뵽ıǹǿգϸǿյģȻʶ
һҹδ롣
Ǳϸ
뵱ҹδֱӰѱϸġⱾΪԪıÿ춼ԪС
ϸĹЧһǴԪͱԪԪǾϸеġҹδȴԪűͲܵϸˡ
Ҫٽһϸ
ô
ʱ䣬ҹδһֱڳԲͬϸȫʧˡ
һա
ҹδ˼ϸķȴĽƱΪëöɣ˶ţֵҹʱ֣Ʋҹգ£ȴ֮վŮӣһϼӣһһŮӡ
ҹδ뼱æʩ񣺡
ϼӵͷȥҹδҲֻø˺档
ҹǰƺҪ˶Ŀҹδ˶ĴţϼȻҹδǸŮӵ
ɣ
ҹδʩ֮ŮҹδĶ棬ؿҹδ롣
ϼӵδ룬ҵĵӣǡǣҹδ롣
Ǽʦ㡣վҹδʩ
ҹδҲվ񣺡ʦá
ٴҹδ뽫ʵĿϼӡ
δ룬ǵԪԲԻŵӡڸŲãͱҷֵĺӡ㲻ûɣǱʿǲǾ÷ӪʿͶǷߣ
ѵ𣿡ҹδʵ
Ȼǡϼҡͷ߲ж٣һܹһһҲûмܹЩϣΪ״ӡǣȴкܶ࣬ǶںСʱţЩлвټǷӪġ
ҹδ룬ͷʾԼסЩǳСΪǳ͵ʱڣ˵Ǹʱǻû̫ǿʶǺױĵϵһˡҲЩУҪЩ߻ҪЩ
ЩҲǴĶ󡣶һһЩԵж
ҹδٴεͷڶڳӪѾ˽⣬ƽʱëöûٺ˵ⷽ顣
һñʿ֪ѾϼΪʦ˵ͻùΣյ񣬻߸ֹڵİ㣬ˣҲϡ档ҹδӣϼ̾Ϣһ
ǲΪ̫п᣿
ǵûУҹδҡͷɽ綼ˡ
ǲΪɽп᣿ֲпᲢǵڷߣڱʿҲˣΪǷӪҲԱʿ
ǣҹδشĹϡ
ãɽһƬͣɽƶֹ򣬾Ŀܱʿһʲô
ҹδ룺ǽһԾʿ˵Ҹɽ磬Ȼȴпᡣ
Ҹ
ţ
ΪʿǻὫķչϳⷽ棬ǻսӦԲп滷棿
ҹδĬȻѾЩˣ̾Ϣһϳܵķ򡣡
ֵסϮһڴ򿪣
ܣҹδϻش
ԣ⣡
ҹδ̾ϢһͷȻֵкܶ콾ûսԼ˵С
ϼӵͷǣû顣տʼ߲ӪĶȷʵ˷ǳõЧʿսһжƿ֮Сʱˣÿ˵˽ı㽫ƿؽظʴȻڻûʧء
ʧصĿܣ𣿡
ϼĬȻƬ̣ͷǡ򣬸߲ҲʮǿӲסһͻƵ磬Ϳʼյ˸߲ıᾡܵضžͬСÿ磬֮
ҹδͷټһųҲֻٶ硣

Ĳ࣡
ҲûΪԼһͻƵ磬Ĳᱻ԰㡣ϼԣ߲ҲֻǾܵرȫҹδ΢䡣
˭ԼצӣԼͰצӿϡ
ŵĹ򣬸ǲֱջԪһµĵӡҲ˵츳ʶôã˳ھҪһֱͻƻԪ뵽šſ԰ʦԣյĵӣͻƻԪţͿԳΪҵ״ӡڴ֮ǰҪܡ
ҹδʾԼףһǵݱ¶ɳ
Ƕڷżѵ츳ߵҲǷ·ӡҪȥһȣΪεĻߣİȫҲ˱ǻᱩ¶ݡ㱣ûⷽ⡣
ҲһˣʲôҪᡣ
ʲôط
һǺ׹䣬һɽҳһɽȣǸǺѾȡߣǸɽȵͱȴ˷ƣʵϣ˵ǹȲ̫ǡ˵ΪǡһЩ
ҹδһȶԼҲкô
꣬ҾҪȥִй涨񡭡
òôá


990 
ãҪһƷȱֲϡ
֣
ʯˮĥʯ
ϼһüͷ㶼׼ʲôϣ
ҹδӴָȡһЩϣ˵ϡϼĿһɨֳһ˿ȣ
еķ򣿡
ǣ
ҪһҪҪƷڣֻܹǱʿˣ컯硣ѾˣȥƵķҲߡѡһҸһʯǻļֵֵֻһʯһѡ񣬵㼯˲ϣҿԳΪҪǣƷõԼ
ҹδ˼Ƭ̣Ҫʯܹõˣõδŵ˭֪Լܲõ
ҲԼǸʱأ
ҲǸʱϼأ
Ϊ컯Ͳ
ϼһ£ͷУǻһѺʯ㡣
Ӧȷһ£һʱΪꡣʱ䣬Ȩ뿪
߿һ;ˡ˱ˣͲΪЧ
ҹδ΢΢ϼЦЦؿҹδ׳֮⣬ѵûнǵ뷨
Ҫ֪δȻӦúܿͻͻƵԪΪҵ״ӡҵָ£ڣӦͻƺϵһǧڣӦóɾ硣ǸʱҲֻǸոյõ紫вá
ҹδĬȻȻҪύѡԶ׼βСۿʦһźʯĻһסΪͨѣͨ
аɡϼҲЩˣܿɢһ˿ã⼯ϣȥȰɡ
ϼӴ뿪ˣҹδ͵˶ſڣǻͷҹδһۣкЩ
ĸº
⡣
һСĳΪÿ춼ʿǰʿסȥһʱ䣬Ȼٽȥγһ򣬳ڳ˿ջ跻֮⣬̡۸йصԴЩԴǷϵġ
ҹδ߽˳ĸУ˵Ĺϵرòտʼʱһָ߸ϵȻҹδΪߡϼԣǧ˦ҹδ롣Ϊҹδϼ̸кܲԣտʼʱ֮Ĺϵ䡣˴˶˵
ҹδֻǱ֤Էİȫһ·ϴҶ˵⡣Ϊλܼ׺ޣЩźܹõһʯҲֵá
վᣬ٣ԼͲסˡȺҹδ̸˷ҹδ֪Լȴû뵽ҹδķտʼʱܹҹδ̸̸ۣǳҹδ롣
ҹδεûк̸˵֪ʶҹδָӦȡһЩáϼԣύһѲԿҲܹӶԷһЩϡ
ҹδָĹУҲʶ˵һЩڵķСѧĴУһųŲûеĴСϼӵڸĴСʵҲȷʵˣʶĽУҹδڷҲһԾ
˸ջ񣬸Իϲ
УҹδĵӾͷǳáҹδ׾ľϲ飬֮󣬸Ķ˴鼮ҹδһָʫԻʣʿкټҲǳˡഺҲߣΪСԭһ崿ʮԡ
һ𣬲˴Ŀ⣬˵ʱһĸо
ŮޣǺܶ޸ȤĿꡣ
һϵԲһԪԲ
òᵥʵǿĿ̫ˡ
ܶжֻǴʿжûŪҹδǵı£ǽСĽ
ǣֲ˱ģΪ˼Ҿű
ҹδҲоΧĿ⣬Ѿ϶ض鷳Լˡ
ô죿
ȻҪãֱɱˡ˲ܹˣʱ̫Ѱˡû뵽Լ鷳ˣȻһС
λŮʩˣһס
ϾԷһУҹδ벻ȷԷǲԼ鷳ģɫƽͣ
λʦ֣£ӶԷϢϣҲ֪ԷһϵԲ
λŮʩҷԵ
ҹδɫһӾˣľ仰ǲĶһԵˡ
Ů鷳ˡʱֵԴ
ߣЩͺ¿
ͺ¿ǸҴӢ۾Ļᰡ
£
ҹδɫ΢㣬²ǾŴ󳬼֮һ
ҲǣҲֻгŵĵӲŻôԵһɢȥ˵ԵԷǲǻ
ƶɮ´λŮʩԵƶɮԸλŮʩ޻ϲ
һԵɫˣֳŭɫǴ»ϲĵӣ
ЦƶɮǴ»ϲӡ
ҹδƫͷɫŭǵϲ
ҪĹŭ
ҲҲϲ
δȴ˵꣬ҹδֶʵɱ𣿡
һӽסˣؿҹδ롣
ԷҲֻһϵԲʲһˣôһھɱأ
ܣԡǵ
ҹδֱŴ⣬񣿡
Ȼתȥ
Уȥ񣿡ֵϵʿʼ塣
У㲻Jǹͷɣ
У㾿ва

ȻȴԼǾŴ֮һսǿ󣬼ҲǾŴųҲ塣ԷҲǺϵԼҲǺϵ򲻹ԼҲԴݶˡ
Ǵŵӵţ
ĺŮ޻ϲٲϡΧ˶˷һȥ
û˶£֮ǰӢ۾ʿʱҲһȤظš
ûɵӣ
ҹδǵ̸ֹܹŮӲ򵥡˵ҲǴŵӡִŵ֮ǲҪĺá
ܹۿŵ֮һḻԼսľܹ˵սУһЩ
⡣
ҹδո߳⣬ſڲһ׾ͣŴߵҹδǴԼʮҵľͣǽŵվҹδ࣬˫£Уʱ׼ͷŷؿһֻеԪΪǣעҹδϡ
Ůʩ
ϡ
ҹδüһ⼤ȴһǱƷҹδ½ԼһֱʹõǱڵʶһԼƵĽһƷ
ƷǸߣǶҹδ˵ȴͷųԼǿܣΪԲ̫ϣͷųܷǲԼ½δ뽣
δ뽣̫ˣͬһǼȥ
ɫأһӭ˷ɽ
ɽĽͻȻͷųһ㣬ڰɫĵ㣬˲Ŵһ򣬺Ͳײǲı˹켣ܴĿƣŴײ˹ȥ
ߵ
ɫ󾪣ȫԤϣæҪزĿȨͬʱһԶܡ
͡
δ뽣һţ͸üġʬԵڵϡҹδһУ㽫ǸʹϵĴָתȥ
Χѻȸ
Щʿ뵽ҹδҲôɴȴû뵽Ȼҹδһ֮¡
һμҹδ붯ֵǴͣȻȻС׷ҹδ룬ҹδߣʱתͷȥҹδ롣
ҹδ뱻û취ȥһ죬ȥȣһҲһȥ
ŶŶ
ȡ
ҹδվӵϷ·ȥһ޴ӣʲԲΣֱǧסӵǽһķƣкܶʧͣĳλãĳǽϵķ
ҹʦ㡭
ȥɡҹδվϷûȥ
ڶҹδĻʮţԱͷ·ȥȥѰܹԼϵķơ
ҹδĿⶢǣԼһʱͣ˾ʮңҹδȴһӣûж֪ҵʺԼķơȻĿ·Щʿɨȥһʿǳ򣬹ڲӦ÷սﶼΪ򣬶Ϊ
һҹδ뽫ĿӣȻһһ·ȥͬʱʶڵռ俪ʼڵķơ
̫ˣֱǧסǧסҹδΪǿԿӵĵײġֻΪΧ̫㣬̫̻ľ޴


991 չ
һʱʱʱ
˴ӣ׼ȥ򡣿վӱϵҹδ룬¶˼ɵ׷Ϣ·ȥҲʿֻǿһҹδ룬ҲûҹδڨġЩʿǸո꣬ǼȥԼ±ǣôȥűˣ
һ죬죬졭
ҹδɫѾò԰ף̫޴ˣĵĲԪʶ֮ԪҹδռԪײ䡣ĵʶ֮ռ䣬ûʲôܹʶĶ
ֻܹͨػָ

ҹδ³һռ˶ӵĸƣʱڸĹСҹδϥӱԵʼʿָ
֮ҹδָȫʢʱڡȻ㿪ʼעеǣֻҪǱǣѾðգΪԼԭǳ⡣һǳ⣬Լӭϼӵıŭܲ
ꡣ
Ƿʦ㣬Ҫʱչ
ߣ
ҹδٶȻصӣסһջֻҪһ䡣ȻҹδͿʼڷڲ󣬶ҹδ벼ʱ䣬ѾϥڴϽ뵽֮С
һʱҹδ˲ڣϱ֤İȫҹδҲڴϥáϣΪԼڣټشҹδѾǣһ뵽ռڡ
ռڣһԭӣ鹹һС硣һӷγС硣
ҹδǽ뵽ԭУһϤĸоϮͷ
⡭
ԼɳĮйǿգȻǿգǷͬͬԴǸʱҹδֻģظӦջ˺ķ򡣴ʱС磬һӱҹδǿյķ˸Ϊĸ򣬶ԽԽǿ
ֱҹδʶһգռ˳ʱҹδɫ԰ֽʮæȡ񵤿ʼָʶ
һϥڶǣǸո붨õģҹδռڵʱǾֹġָʶҪʱġ
ʶȫָȻ㿪ʼһν뵽ռڵ򡣴ʶһ֮ٴγʳ񵤻ָʶ
ºǴӸ˹ҹδϵսҹδռڳ˶ǣ
ô
ҵϢһ죬ȻȥȣҹȥһΣӦÿˡ
ҹδͷǿʼ˹Ϣ
ա
ٴӣٴȥҹδϥӱԵǣ˼
£ҹδԭӻûʮ֮һڵķʮֻһƣܹͻƵԪ

ҹδȻһԼڹǿյʱռܲܽԼǿո
¡ֻľԼܲ𡭡
ҪԣԼҪ׼񵤡
ҹδٴοһ·ǣӴָȡ¯Ϸʼ񵤡
һʿз˱ӣߵҹδԣλѣƵ񵤣
ţֻܹƳƷҹδһ߻شһ˵
ʿɫһϲЩʿʶ޴Ҫľ񵤡
һЩ𣿡
ҹδ룺ԣÿ¯ֻһ뵤ҩʣµһԼҪ
У̫⺣󡣵γƺĸţ
ڣҹδ룡
ҹδ뿪ʼҩˣÿһ¯ֻһ룬µԼ׬ȡ˴ɾһύ˺ܶѣԸţ壬ɢޡ
һʱ䣬ҹδύѾǧһܵɾƷɾͳǧ
ʱЩԼһ󣬲Ŵڷ˳мʿΧҹδ룬вһæɹȻȵ
ʦ㣬㻹
ţԵȣҹδشȻյһ뵤ҩ۸߼ʿȻǹָǣӷȥ
ʦ㡭
ҹδδ˵꣬㷭ֵݹȥһƿװʮ񵤡Ǹ˵ؽӹ
ллʦ㣬Ҹɾ
ҹδڰ֣ǸϽס£Ȼ㾡ġ
ллʦ㣡
ûǿҪɾɵӣ֪Ƿ飬Ҳǽύ˵һַʽȻҪǲԭύҹδ룬Ը⣬ȻǿиɾġʦϼӣֲȱɾҪύҹδ룬Ը˵

뿪ӣųڵķȥ
꣬ǶԼͻƻԪˡҹδջӾ޴ԭӵСһ롣
֮
˻ص˳ڣҹδȥĶͣϵ̬ҹδȻӦ
ύֻкôûл
֮ҹδصԼĶڶ죬ǰݷã˺ʯˣҹδҪԼһĲϾֻʣˮĥʯˡίǰԼѰҡʵϣǱߣҹδͨҩύһǧʿίǰæԼѰˮĥʯһҵȥԼҲϵӡϵֻҪڷԲ֮ڣʱϵԷ
ˮĥʯ󣬵һǧʿԼѰңϣġ
뿪֮ҹδֿʼչˡ
ÿֽ˹ɡ
޵ĿˣΪÿҹδ붼׺һʱ
ÿҲ÷߲ϴԪ
ÿҲռһʶԭС硣
ÿҲơ
ҹδչصĸ
ȥҹδ뿪Ҵȥһ񣬱ִҴҷأٴν뵽չص״̬ڵʿҹδˡ
ԭҹδţŵΪ߾ǵԪһͻƻԪͽšž͸ûעҹδˡΪڵҲֻҹδһϵŵӶΪҹδһ˶ˣ˭뵽һͷҹδ룿
Ҵҹȥ˶ʮ꣬ÿʮ꣬ҹδ붼ҴҵȥһȻҴҵطء
ʮ꣬ûĨޣȻ÷ǳȴʮǿҹδԪȴصĲΣԭСѾ꣬С硣ΪԭѾĵ̣ķС磬ٶȽٺܶ࣬϶Ҫʮʱ䡣
Ѿȫ
¶ɽ壬ҹδһվڶǰ
ֶδļƻ
δܷƳԼôеʱ䡣
ôһٶ˳ȥ񣬼šϴɳĮһȴʱ䡣ڵҹδ˵ֻСʱһ
ΪŸɱ¾ҲǺϵԲ廹壬ŵĹǲܸӰųӾ񡣼ŸŵĶеʱʮǿںϵԲ綼ǶǸΣʱ򲻽һǶҹδ˵С⡣
ǺϵԲսǿ󵽣۷壬ҲĶ֡ԣɵٶȷǳ졣
ôҽҪʲô
ÿҪޣ޻һͷ۵ⰡҲ֪ʲôʱܹĨɱ
ڶҪԪľ硣
С硣
ĸ
Ժл𵱳ڵʮɳǵʱ򣬱ǸڹһĻ¥ԣڲܹģ۳һʽͨܽٱ
Ȼû硣
ǡ
ǲܹ۳һʽͨ
ϧڻڿڣŵӣܽŲŲûⷽļء
ҹδȡҵëöɵӡѶϢȥȻصԼĶ׼ˮɹȴ
ܿ죬ëöɾҹδĶֳЦݵδ룬αչôã򣿡
ܹʲô򣿡ҹδкëö£Ϊ裺ֻڲϵԼһЩµͨëʦ֣ʱһ뷨Ҫ۳һʽͨ磬۳һֻƣһָһȵȡ
ŲִУ
УëöɵǣҲܴڸ㡣
ҹδ۾һˣ
ţδ룬Ź򡭡
֪ڻŵӣҲΥ򡣲д𣿡
ǵǿԡëöɵͷ
̫ˣëʦ֣ԺҪ鷳ˡ
鷳ǿʿҲҪսĥԼʮűأҶô㡣þöûˡ
ŶŶ
ҹδ뷴Ӧ˹ԼʮûëöҲûеҩʧȥһ׬ȡɾĻᡣëöһʿûʦӪ֧֣ƹҲܿࡣͷ
Ҳûɶ£Ժÿ㶼һΣǼҩ
ãëöɵҲֳ˿ĵЦݣߣھȥд衣


992 Ԫ
Ȼ뿪ţȻ˸߿աԶ
ëö֪ҹδֻΪҲûʹԼͨҹδ
δ룬һֱʹۣҪСġ
ã
ҹδӦһֳ˷֮ɫȴΪСģʼͷĻһһأͷĻԼذ档
׼ĻӲӶԷۣ˲ܹȫ˽ۡͬʱҲĻסԷĹǸڵĽӡ̡ʱ׼ͷҲ˵̤ǲ׼
ĻʱͷȻ󵹲̤ǲӦܹ㿪ԷĹһ֮ҹδС
ëʦ֣׼ˣ
ëöɺҹδ̬ȣΪ֪ۺǿĺǿ۳һʽܷͨʮ⻹ǼޣΪҲֻǽСɾ硣򵽴ɣܽʮ࣬򵽴Բܽٱ
ǣСɣֻʮҲΪҹδܹܵס
ԭǺϵԲʮ˵Ѿӵ˰벽ܡ
ҹδ뵲ס
ҹδͷĻҲס
ԣĳһƣһҲֻͷɵܣͷʮܣһưҹδˡ
䡭
ҹδʱ׼ͷȻ󵹲̤ǲû׼ȥۡһκײԱż۵ܣҲ١
һֻƣҲͱƴĻ˹ֻƻĻĹУֻܹ֪̲ȵܡ
ӡҲͷţһͷųǳ󡣶һȡһݵ֣ӡ
ĻƲ죬ֻƵСȴҹδ֪Զӡܡ
۹Ȼ
ҹδӽţһֻѾ΢΢̧˵̤ǲ׼
ֻƺĻϡ
ǡ
ҹδסˣ
˵Ļˣǵһ㶼ûлֻ΢΢һ£ûоҵĶ
⣿
ëöҲסˣȻͷ˿Լ֡
Ǽٵİɣ
ܣ˲䷴Ӧ˹Ӧҹδ̫ǿֻѰĵͨ͵סĹǣôܣ
ǡĵʮԭܹڵʿ࿹
ҹδʱҲڷ㣬ͷӦ˹Ӧëöɺ˺Լûͷȫʵ
ëʦ֣㷽˼ܣ
ëöҲһӷӦ
԰
ֻܰ⻹ǿܣҲٷˣҲָˣɫ¶ŵ΢Ц
ɣ
ҹδ¶Ȼ˵ɫ룬ԼĻȫ
ãԼСģ
ţ
ëöҲſˣԼȫĻӦܹҹδĻǷܹأԼҲûеӦò˺ҹδ롣
䡭
ëöĳһƣһֻƸСѾƴСһɢȴӾˡ
ҹδ뻹ǼСĵģʱ׼ͷų
ǡ
һĻΪҵһȦȦ
û飡
ëöôһϢȻͻˣʼҹδһһһơʱҹδѾȷԷ˺ˡҲʲôԭΪأ㿪ʼϸϸ֪ԷۺԼĻײ֮д仯仯Уȴۡ
䡭
ëöɿʼΧҹδ룬˫ַĻÿһĻʿۣҹδǾվϸϸ֪Ļϴı仯
һңëöͣϴŲţʣЩί
ô
ô
ϣ
Ȼ˳Ⲩڳ֮ϣҹδ˳ȥ
䡭
ڸ֪еҹδȻѣ㿴һԼĻ
һ㣬һ㣬һ㡭
飡
ڵסˣһĻõĻҵ𵴣һ˿ƣջǵסˣûб
ëöֳɥ֮ɫʱβ֪ҹδʵǿȻһǺϵԲҹδʵѾܹԾ׺һս
ⲻ֣һЩ콾ܹԾס뵱ëö½ʱ򣬲Ҳ콾
ڵɽ磬ҲܹԾףЩеµɢһһսǺԣҹδҪԼĶࡣ
ҹδʱҲ˼֪Լǿһٶִ꣬ʮÿɱ¾ԼսЩġѹеĺϵԲִһЩУЩϵԲһ֮С
ҲһǶԷһԼ̫ǿ
ԼΪʲô̫ǿ
ԭܼ򵥣ԼıԪﵽƽأԼӵԪͷͨһʶԪټԼƽԪϵ磬ûһ֮С
⻹ûн£ҹδҹδʹñ֮Ǵһһ
ԣڵסëöɵĹ֮ͶԼӵ˳ģȫȫؽ뵽֮С
ڿۻ
ȻԼĻɡ
ΪԼСĽͷءսУҹδ벻ͷĻͨҲͷһءһëö˺ԼնɱԼ
ȻԼһֻͷĻëöԼëöɿ϶ԼĶ֡
ǣѾҹδ뾪ϲ֣Ľ֣Ҫۡ

ëö³һѾӸ˳ϾҲһ콾ľû⡣һ߳Ҳ˷
ڵֻСɾ磬С򵽴ɲסһӸԼ
Ӿҹδ룬иõİ
ӾվһԼԼӹУԷԣһԼ;
δ룬
ҹδ뿴ëöɣЩףΪʲôŻЩɥëöɣ˷
ĿëöɵɽϣëöһֱʹɽԼҪϵزĻܵԼ򣬱
ëʦ֣ܲý𣿡
û⣡
ëöʹɽֲۣҪɽɽҹδˣҲûͷĻֻ»ûĻڴ

ã
䡭
ֿʼҹδһëöΧҹδ벻ϵعⳡսһʱ˶Щδǣҹδ뻹ֹսÿʱ޵ģʱĿëöԼս˶ػصԼĶ
ҹδڶꡣȡЧ
һ۽뵽š
ڶĨɱޡ
ʱ䣬Ѿʼ󣬿ҹδŹԸΪūҹδļ޵Ŀ꣬ĥޡ
ĥһɲǣоԼһͨ͸ˣһִˬͨ͸ˬԪҲûһ˿ҡҲһ˲䣬ϲطԼԪƷԪ
ҹδԪԭƷֻǱӰ죬ΪƷ޳黹ҹδԪƷ
ǿϲ֮ȴʧ䡣
ƷԪƷƷ콾ڵҹδԼԪԪ񣬺ͱ壬ݺͬ硣ǵȽ뵽磬ƽȫޡȴΪƷԪƷԪ񣬷ѹ
ⲻҪģ
ԸľдžǿǿдҪǿ
Ҫá
ΪԪȴ޶ޣ
̾ϢһʼԪΪڷĨɱ֪֮Լüж
֮ǰΪ޵Ĵڣܹģظ֪ԪüĴڣģӲ
ڣӵԼԪһС
Ȼ¶֮ɫ
ԪüĿһ飬һǳС飬ȴܺ񡣿ȥһҳѹɺССһ顣
ӽ뵽Ǳ֮УȻǱȻþ޴ѸٵȥÿһҳһֹһͨЩͨǳϤǺܵͶ˵Ĵкͨ޼ǲ
Ȼʣ޶Ԫ񡣶޼ǲһʿޣҲյЩʿ
Ȼ޾Ȼɱһʿ
ջӣ˸˼
ʱЩãΪѯʹӹ̣ͮҰǵԪڲûκζԼԪڳһ飬ô¶
ѵǷӹĹֵ̫
ƷԪ񣬱ֶ
˿ʣ̾ϢһֻԺһˡ

ֿʼ˼ԪüĵǱϵĴкͨӣͶˡ
ԼǲǿĨǱϵͨʹУ
ںǱϵͨʹУ
ɲĨǱ飿
ĨǱĽʲô


993 ԪƷ
ҹδСؿʼԣֻǳһ£֪Լ޷ĨǱ飬ȴ԰ǱԪƶƮԪǰȻֳԽǱƶʶ
ܵһָоԼԪܹⱾ飬һԪ񷭶Ǳ顣
䡭
ҹδǰͻȻͳһ浶վ˶Ķϣ¡¡ضҡʯͷҹδವһ˳ȥ󻹲ϵشݵ
ҹδʱȴпϲԼĶɽźܶපڶûסѡϲǣԼԺһսֶΡԪ񷭶ⱾٶȣͷͨҪͷŷͨ죬ҪԼͷͨ졣
ֱһǿģ˷ʤĵơ
ǡ
̫ͨͶˣ½һǿĵƣɽЩˡ
ܲںϰɣ
ûʲôΪԼĨǱ飬ҲûܹںǱڵĹͨ
ǱŹͨȳںϹͨ
ЩʵûʲôںϵģԼ̫Ͷˡȫûʲôôĳ̶ȶǳ΢СϾҹδΪĺĶ˴Ĺ޼ǲڵ鼮ҲĶ˲١ⱾڵĹҹδĽ΢΢
СҲ⣬ȫһĹ̰ɣ΢СĽҲǽ
ֻǡ
ôܹеĹںϵУ
Ȿǧйȴû
ҹδҵⱾһƪһ飬Լû˿ĽԼô죿
ܲܽҳϵĹĨȻӡ
ҹδ뿪ʼԣĨȥҳҳϵĹȻ󲻽ǹûˣҳҲûˡ
У
ҹδֿһҳԼҲûнЧԼѾҳеľ⡣
һʼֱӽӡҳҳϣҳҳУȻȻһͬʵˮһӡҳҳϣԭĹʧˣ
ԣ
ҹδдϲǸϲں棬ӡһֵʱԼԪƷȻûɱƷԪ񣬵СؼҹδϣԼԪǲԼƷ
ʱлѾȷɽеĴУԪӦûԼ㵮һ飬ĶͲԪһƷͲ˵
ʼٵĶЩ̫Ĺ˵Ѿǣû˿ЧĹҹδĨĨҳҲʧˡĹҹδͻϸϸ˼ںϡǼܹںϵĹҹδ˵̫򵥣ҲʮϢʱ䣬ʱƣҳԽԽ١Ĩںϵҳʧˡȫеʱ򣬱ëöɵĺѡ
δ롭δ롭дŽ͹С
ʱëöվҹδ뵹Ķǰǽ
ô᣿
ǳڣô˹ŵӵĶ
δȥˣ
ëʦ֣
ҹδӲԶĶڳëöϵĽ͹УӿŸж
δ룿ëöɿ˿ҹδ룬תͷ˿Ķû£
û£һСĺԼĶҹδëö˹ֳм
лл
ëöɰֵû¾ͺãû¾ͺã
ҹδ뺬Цͷȥд衣
ãҺ˵ҸоѾ˴ɾıߣ˵ܹͻƴɡһͻƴɣһʿУһͻƴɵˡ
ϲҹδϵ
ôû򣿡
ҹδչЦڽˡ
ģ죬д迴
ã
˷˰֮ϣҹδûͷĻǺëöһͬʱһƣһ۶ɡֻëöͷųӡֻƴ󣬶ҹδͷųӡȴŴԼ߸ӡС
ȷʵˣܹˡ
䡭
ֻڿжײһëöɵɫֳ˾ͲšΪ˵ӡͬʱˡ
ëöɿۼɣҹδֻǸոš
ôһ
Ϣʱ䣬Ѿҹδд˼ʮëöȷҹδԪ̶ȺʶǿҪԶԶԼԭƲ⣬ֻһֱûȷȴȷ
ҹδȷʵֻţźŲһֿʯһȴһһ޻һͬСʯͷȴرҹδܹӡ۵ԼһС̲صܽἫ׵ػԼۡ
ҹδ뾿ôģ
ԪʶǿȾʲô̶ȣ

ҹδ˷ˡȻҹۣȴȷԼǲˣҪʵսʵսȷˣ֪ʲôͨѣһţ˵֮ˮɣҪࡣ
ã
ëöҲˣҹҲоԼҪͻƴɾ磬ǻҹδûĻĻϣҹδҲۺսĸЧ͸ǿˡͬǣ۵ײҹδĸЧҲҪĻֱ̫ࡣ
һ˫Ӯľ档
˴ʱѾ뵽㣬ΧХǶȴû˿Ӱ졣˲ϵͷųۣ֮ʳ촷ֱۡëöɵԪľòͣشŴ
δ룬̫ˣֻţܹҴòʤŶԣҵԪľˣһҲûкľļȥľҡԪʲô̶ȣ
ҹδЦǺǵﵽˡ
ֲãëö¶ĽʶҲǿЩʿ˵ʶԽǿԪƷԽߡ
ҹδͷһ˿ʧ䣬ܿͻָƽǻȥɡ
ãҲܹˡҪչأƱչز˶ãٳصʱӦþܹˣǸʱս
ã
˷ţԼĶȥҹδص˶㿪ʼԼͨʽҪȻڸӹǡ֪ӹǲۡȻӹڶ硣ǻҲһսֶΡ˵ڽҲϡ
һУҹδֿʼÿɵ
һ죬ëöɶûҹδ롣ҹδڵʱ򣬱ѾԪǱڵǧ๦ĨĨںϵںϣǱһǧҳ˲١ǶҹδҲֻ΢ҲоԪҲʮ΢
Ⲣûҹδɥҹδ뾪ϲ
ȻƷʮ΢ҪƷԪ񼸺ûϣҹδ벻ôΪȻǾϣǾǷ
һжźܶʱ䣬Ҫ紫Унһǧʱء
ԼӦںԪڵͨˡ
аʮ꣬ԼͿԽˡ
˼ĿǰԼĽҪĿ
ÿ춼ᵹʱṩëöȥǳɵ֮⣬µĵҩ鵤ǸϵԼϵһµʿʹõġʹõҲ֮ǰֻмʮҩĲҩʱ䣬ҪЩҩĹˡʣµĲҩǶҩĲҩҶǺϵһЩҩĲҩһֲʱҹδͲֲЩƷĲҩڷֲĶʺϵҩĲҩɵ
Ҳ˵ҹδһɵʦܹƳ絤ͻΪһɵʦ
ҹδķȫĲҩֲҩǲģܶϵɾˡ
ЩΪĲҩѵõҩ䳤ļΪĲҩѵõӲѡȻֲԳִšִҲʿֲΪּΪĲҩҪҩܹܳƷߵɵ
ʺƽʿĲҩʺ컯ʿĲҩеĵҩҪǧҩĲҩԣŹҲʿȥֲʵҪʱ̫ˣʿҪķǸʱȥֲ
ԣҩ԰ֲʿȥֲŵǴ˲ӣҹδռӾ͸ȫˡ
ԣȱҩȻЩΪĲҩҩ仹ƷĵҩҪôҩĲҩ
ҹδ˼Լǲǿʼ絤Ȼ쿪ʼԣһܹƳ絤ջ
ջ񲻽ǻøɾʵڲ̫Ҫɾһ꣬ͨëöȥĵҩҹδ׬ȡ˲ٵɾڵҹδֲҪҲûеطɾΪɵʦջλŵĵλ
һɵʦڳڶҲеλˡҹδʮҪӮóڵأͽԴбͱҪֳԼļֵΪϣ޷ֳԼļֵΪûдСˣҲֻдӱ;Ϊɵʦһ;


994 
ҹδԼԺÿҪĿ֮ǼۣںԪͨбǼռڵӷС磬ڻԭģǸĻû
С磬̫ɬѶˡ
Ҫվ
վҲʮֻɬѶʱ䣬ȻܶϣɾԼûţҲֻһЩƤë
ҹ
ҹδ׼ʼںԪڵǧͨ׼ȷֳںϡ
ľˮС
Ϊߵľе·ӡ
ȿʼںͨҪǧͨеĵͨںϳһʽͨҳԽԼ֮ǰͨҲںϽȥ統Ľͨơ
ҹδľ磬ںɳ죬ʱôһĹȥ
ëöûг֣ëöɱչ֮ĵڶʮ졣еҹδͻȻɢ˿˿ϣҹδ˶Ե
Ϣ˴ԼһӲҹδ۾Ǿϲ
ڷţԭӷСˣ˽ʱȫͨ͸ȫһɲǡķ˱仯ЩԭڳɳķƣҹδһɲǣԾʽسɳˡ
ʱٿҹδıϣЩƱø£ͨķǱɷǷȥϡ
һ̣ҹδɷ̵Ҳһ̣ҹδΪһɷʦ
ҹδ̧һָָðԪȻڿйգ磬ջǳ򵥡ǵҪһɷ֮ȴȻͣתͷ˿ԼĶջɢȥɷ˳ȥȻչһɷһڵˡ
ǿʶɨԴҹδѾ˾飬ϴԼŪ˶ҪǿʶɨȻǿʶɨҹδ룬˶٣ջˡ
ҹδ³һԱߵһȥֻˡ
붴ϥ£ҹδռ䣬뵽ǸССҹδоСҪȴҪ֮ǰԭࡣΪѾԭ棬ʵĻ
ֱʶĸɾҹδŲòռ˳Ȼʼʳ񵤡ҹδÿ춼ὫԼʶĸɾȻָ£ԼԪľҪƽʱ죬ԪľѾﵽ۷壬ۿžҪͻƵء
ʵϣҹδǱ壬Ԫ񣬻ԪЩѾﵽ硣ھͲģȻͻ硣
ָʶҹδ뿪ʼվ
ţ
ҹδһԼԭС磬ԼΪɷʦ֮󣬶վһࡣֻһʱš
۾̧°ͣҹδ˫˸ǻۡȲϸ
ǵġ
ԭǰѷΪϸģԪԪѷ˱Ԫ
ϸԪģҲ˵ԪҪסϸеġ˭ԪϸУ
ԣѾϸˣΪԪҹδҪ¸Լʶڽһϸ
ҹδ˼֮󣬾ʱϸԴվ֮һָоڽϸһĵ·
ȷĵ·
֪վϣվܹ֪𰸡
ҹδϢһʱ䣬ʼ
絤ȻʧܡҲĲҩ

ʧ֮˽Ȼۡ
չһµëöڳˣ緢ҹδ룬ȻҹδĶˣûнƽ͵غһ
δ룡
ҹδԱߵĶ߳ëöεְѶըˣ
ţҹδ뺬ЦͷΪɷʦ̲֮סһ¡
Ϊɷʦˣ
ţҲû紫УŴѵʱ䣬ѧѧƷ
Ҳǣëöɸͬܣû紫е̫ѰˡǻһЩϾѾţؾṩ壬ԪϴʶҲΪͻ׼ǱҪ׼
˵ͻȻ˵ȥˡͻȻ˼ҹδȻţǱ壬Ԫʶǿȶﵽ磬ǻƫƫʱҹδ뿪ʵ
ëʦ֣ڱͻˣ
û
ԪӦôﵽ𣿡
û
ʶǿȿ϶ﵽ˰ɣ
Ҳû
ëöͻȻֱٴдŻָ˹ֿѹҹδˡҹδۺʱ򣬱ˡ˶Թһʱëöɫ԰ףȴ˸߲ңδ룬Ǽ
ã
ҹδ뿴Ԫľ޴ëöɣԼҲǳġоԼ֮øˡëöɵд裬а֮ڣСɾ硣
ʱ䣬ĺܿ졣
ʵҹδʱ䣬㽫Сɾ硣ҳɹҲڳɹƳ絤ΪһɵʦëöɱҹδˣΪҹδΪɵʦ֮ҩļ۸ˣҲ͸ˡ
ЩòôȣȫΪҹδ۵ɵ
ʱҹδڿʼȥ˶ٰʮꡣ
ҹδڶɹ˳ͷڣԳΪһŵӡ
ֻٰʮУһٰʮǱͷġԣҪŰʱ䣬ܹõ紫С
ҪŴһ꣬ѡʦȨδľŰУҪÿʮ꣬ȥһ
ʱҲûȣҲȡԼĳɹ
Ϊɷʦ˸ӷС֮ɷĸӾ㲩ŲҲ꾡ɷУⷽҹδЩ߲ܣĶ
ķøӻ
ЩվҲżǿĸЧҹδڽվ˴ɾ硣һֵĸоƺͷԼûбҪ½ϸ
ԣȲϸվվԲ磬Ǹʱپδĵ;Լеʱ䡣
û׼¶ԼɷʦݣΪĹϵҪ¶Լǣȴε¶Լɵʦݡ
ǵġ
Ѿɵʦˣ
ʮǰڳɹƳ絤ýʱ䣬ķ˴ԴڳΪɵʦһûʦڱ˿ҲûʲôԴԴʿܹΪɵʦǾֻһԭҹδһš
Ϊû֪ҹδһֱ絤һֱʧܣû˻뵽ҹδһڶǲҩǶΪҹδҲֻʧܸʮΣͳɹƳ絤ɵʦľ硣
һţȻڵע⣬һЩĿ⡣
ҹδҲﵽԲ磬Ȼëöɱ缸ʮﵽԲ硣ҹδѾһԼ۵Ĺ׼Ҹʱһ˵ʮɳǣڸӹǡ
ԪʣǧͨѾںϡ
Ԫǳ
ԪĵһҳԺὫԼ򣬻пıĹ뵽УĹ㲩ڴ᲻ὫԼԪƷѾܹȷԪȷʵԪ࣬൱ԪꡣȷʵԪƷ
ֻĹ̫ѣҹδںǧ๦ǧͨҲֻǽԪ΢һ㣬ƷԪǳңԶȻҲΪЩ½磬½ҲʲôĹԣҹδڶźڴȻŲĶ繦֮ͨ£ЩϵĹͨǿԿġЩܹͨΪԼԪ֣սԼԪƷ⽫ԼĪĻԵ
ԪĵڶҳʼǸͨһҳҹδںԭԪڵķͨԼĻγɵһַͨΪĽ
ĽķҪĻǿ̫࣬رں棬ǰǿѾĻٱҹδãֻҪԼͷĽվﲻɺϵԲʿҲܹԼķĽǸԵķǿؼĽ̲ܹжõ˵ĹʮһɲЧųܶᱻжȥ
ҳӡָҳӡߵҳӡơҳӡۡҳӡпռ䡣ڰҳӡǽһеÿһнڰҳʮҳǽľˮԸһҪ֮ǰҹδ봴ĵԹǿʮȴҹδȡƽֱ𽣣ľˮ𽣣
һҳԪ飬ֻʮҳ
һٰʮĳͷڣҹδΪûͻƣԪûһ˿սȴֲˡ
ҹδ߳˶һԵƽֻŨһʿһѧ


995 ٹ
˶⣬һЦݵëöɣҲֳ˲õЦݡ
ëöǰδ룬㡣
лл˵ʮֵĴ⡣
߰ɡ
ã
˷ŷȥȻֱëöɴҹδŵӵһҲҹδѡһ
ҹδֲҪڶûʲôҪ󡣵ëö˽ҹδ룬ǰҹδѡһʿȽٵɽ塣
ɽϣסĶǺϵʿԽϣԪŨԽߡҹδûȥЩھɽŲԶĸ߶ȣѡһƧĶȻëöִιţʶ˲ȵȵط֪ƻʱ֣˲Żص˶ëöҹδϢԼټȥ
ҹδϥڶ˼ԼҪȥʲôδŰļƻŵĽ˶ţǺܾûм졣
ʦ֣ҹδһ˿ȡ
֪δţҹء
ллʦ
߽δ룬ⶴҲ̫ªˣԪŨҲСȥɡ
壿ʦ״ӣ
ɫһ죬ֵǣҺߵúܽҵһǰ״ӣڼŶӡ
ҹδбֳ˲Ŀ⣬Ŀǣ㶼״ӣȨȥ壿
˵ɵʦ
ţҹδЩˡ
ҵλǰҴ㣬ȻΪ״ӣǿ壬ΪʦԺΪ㣬Ծס壬Ҫǿٱ
δ룬һԵǵĽ飬ҵǰƼġҪллҡ
ҹδҡҡͷʦ֣һһſڣҲ뿼Щ⡣Ȱ֮˵
ɫһ˿δ룬㲻ͶǱ˰ɣ
ҹδٴҡͷûУֻǼȻаʱ䣬ͲžʦҲӦ֪һˣ͹ϵԺĵ;
Уδͺú˼ɡ
һȥǣĵͬһʼһʿ׷ǰݷҹδ룬ҹδǵ̸ѾԼΪʲôܻӭ
ǶǿԼȻԼҲֻһɵʦһǺķ޷Ĳҩųɾɵʦǲ֪ΪԼһšԲԼԼĿģֻԼ
ҹδܹͬ⣿
԰꿼ΪڵƴˣˣкǲˬԼӻûûˣ
ֱǵĵҹδźһЩ
ǺҹδĹϵһ뵽ҹδĶߴߴ԰ڣ
δ㣬ڿԻԪˣ

ҪŬҳԽ
ҹδʼ磬ҲӦ˹ҹδ벻ǲûй
Բδ㣬Ҳǹġ
ûʲôҹδڰ֣Ȼ裺ʦģ
ţʦֻɡ
ţ
ʦ˵ʻѡ߿޵ĵ·ԲܽҪʦ˵Щȥˣƨԡ
ҹδ벻ɴЦ
δ㣬㶼ɵʦˣʲô̶ȣ
ҹδڰֵЩûѧϰ󲿷ʱо
̫ϧˣķ츳ġ
ûʲôϧġҲֻΪûʲôûйЩʱȥоҵõ˹ȻὫеľϡҲãƷҲãҪġ
һǾÿϧ
һʱ䣬ǸǡȻݷã̬ȵĶУưģвģȵġ
ܣֱҹʱֲųͣ
ա
ëöǰݷá
δ룬ʲô㣿
ҹδأ
ëöɵҵȻǼȥؾϴԪʶЩĵҩҵõ˲ٵĻ֣ܹȥЩؾ
ҹδͷ֪ëöҩʱ򣬲ҪɾʱҪŻ֡
ҪҪȥ
ҹδ룬ջҡͷЩؾضһŸȥ˾ͻᱩ¶Լı壬Ԫʶǿȣһ鷳
ȥ󿴿Ȼȥ֮ǰȥȡһЩҩһЩ絤һЩŻ֡
ʲôģܿĶǺϵһµġ
Ҫġ
ëöɳĬƬ̵ҲǣҲһı壬Ԫʶǿȶﵽ磬ҲԲȷʵûʲôȥǲǲҲá
ëöɵЩͳ
Լҹδǰһٰʮ뵽ţҲҹδǰһٰʮŵؾ壬Ԫʶǿȣǵûдﵽĳ̶ȡ˼ҹδأ
ܷŶһٰʮ꣬˼ˡ
Լһٰʮкã
ЩͳҲû̸¡ҹδһȥˡԭ߿޵·ӣڱҹδ̼ˣӿˡ
ҹδֱȡȻ絤õ˻֮󣬱ȥ󡣺ϵ֮µĹͨûбҪʵϣǲÿģҹδϵĹͨҲȥ
ǣֻܹϵġ
ȻҲȫִţ̫ˡҹδֻеĹͨ
Ҳųʱ䡣ڰڣӦûԼ鷳Լȫ͵ȰȥҲҶԼɵʦݣҲûԼˡ
ʱʿ˵ĺܿ졣رǶڳ֮еˡ
꣬ҹδڽվԲҲĶ˴ĹͨԪȻʮҳȴӵĹ㲩ҹδԪҲһЩȻƷԪźܴľ롣ҹδо˼ÿ빦ܹͨоԪȻֻһ˿ȷȷʵʵ
ոչȥҹδ벻ԸԵַˡһݷã֮䣬ҹδȥרְ֮ҹδ뿪˶ֱ뿪š
ҹδֱԼǵɳĮҪ˳һԼ뷨
뷨Ҫ
һǳǷռ佫Լǿոڶǳվ͹ǿǷں
ڽվԲ֮󣬲ģͷͷƺǱܣܸҪϸҪվȥǿա
ʲôʱ뷨
ҹδ볢Խվں֮󣬲ģͷͷȻģȴʮּᶨ
ɳĮġ
һڣɳ죬졣Щָ֪ϤϢ
ǸŮֻˡ
Щ޾ҹδԽԽȷǸŮ˵Ϣҹδ֮һſ˵ϣȻ۾ҹδɢһ˿˿ϡ
һַǳĶ
ҹδڹǿգվںǿաڹЩ򻹲ϵЩңγɵϣȴɳĮЩ޷·һ磬У԰Ρ
Щ޻Щ¶¶ƺһ⡣Ҳδǻòͬ
ҹδһ𣬾ͳռ临ǿառ߶ٴΣռ䶼һ֪ռ临Ʋôǿա
ͷʼȫǿա
ңԶǳУǴؿռ䣬ǹ⣬ȴظ֪˷ơ
һ죬죬졭
ڹУһָо
ͻ粢Ҫֻһûκһֹܹ֤һʿͻ磬ûһ㣬ֻҪչһһߣˮɵͻ硣
ûĹ
ԼлȻ
ʵϣڽԪ֮󣬾ûаͰĹڵ;֣δͨοȵȣ뵽ߵĲ֮󣬲ֹ涨õĹֻǸָ˷
ҹδҪı·ȥ·̽δ֪ȻͻҡûоȥĲ衣
ʿͬһֹҲͬĵ·ΪĹУγʿеۡ㲻ϵزۣ۳һ̣ͻƵʱ
ʿΪνʿΪһֻҪ
ûֹ
ҹδϸϸ˼֮һֱǿͬ޵СԼûһֱһ·ûǰǸ涨õ·
ȻտʼʱȴһֱûаȥߣΪõǲȱģһֱܣһֱںϣһֱڲ㡣Уγ˺ǰͬԼۡ
ںڵûֹڲϵںϸֹΪû˺Ҳֲ̤ǰĽŲǿԼе


996 ɽ
ҹδ뿪ʼڹУϵԼĶĹӵĹ㲩
ʮҴҹȥ
ҹδڹǿգֻں͹ȥʮķʽͬʼԼĶĹʼȫڹǿյĴ֮С
ع鱾
һų֮ģϵ
һУı֮С
һʮ꣬һʮȥ
ҹδϵȻսеҹδ뾪ѡ
δ룬ȥʮˡ
ҹδ뻺۾ûнԼ֮Уʮʱ򣬾ҪԼʮޣһжüżֻǻȥҪͷŵİ꿼Ҫһٰʮ꣬ʮ꣬ǻһپʮꡣ
ڣͳͷȣջֱ۾ϸϸʮǿ˵ãȻ΢΢üͷ
ڸоǾòһߣ·ֻһߣԼܹһ磬ΪһߣһжԵôģΡ
Ϊʲô
Ϊǿյʱ̫̣
̫ǿ϶ģʮʱںǿ˵һ˲ǿ̫㲩̫Զ̫䣬ʮҲǲ׺һڡһڶҹδ˵ҲǼĽԣһӦúǿ޹ء
ôʲôйأ
һһ£պãҹδЩʧ뿪ɳĮ뷵ˣᱻϳڡ
ҹδ뷵˳ڣֵ˾ʮ꣬ԭŻӭŵķŭҹδȴŵķӦҪ֮ǰһƽࡣֻǸҹδ룬ԭſڣҪһٰʮ꣬Ҫ
ҹδͷʮ񣬶ɱ¾ȻȥݷëöɣЩ㲻Ϊʲô̬ôƽ
δ룡ëöɿҹδ룬ЦڵʷϣûĴͷһܷҶ˱ŵĽϣͲŶ㲻⣬㣿
治ǹġҹδ׵
ëöƲƲ죺Լ𣿡
Ű
ëöذڰ֣˵ɣջʹҴʲô¶
мûףëʦָ㡣
ʲô飿
ôоλŶҵ̬Ⱥƽأ
治֪
֪ʲô
Ĳǹô
Ϊʲôô
ôĿģΪ˻óͷҪſһپʮ꣬Щɽ壬ķģ
ҡûСףЧֲãٺٺ١
ëöΣ㾿ȥˣ
Ŷ˸طǿȥˡǹ˾ʮܾ꣬ò˼ǲȴʼҲ
ëöҲ˼Ƭ̵᲻ǻ桭ĻѾǳʵˣǻ飬Ǿʲô
ëöҲãҹδҲԼĻ⣬˾ҹδҪͨëö˽ʮ꣬ʲô飬ʲôϵԼǷûСҲǣԼڳʲô
ҲһСˡ
ëöɵĻҲ֪һҲ壬ʶԪЩϡëöɸѾʮ˱Ͷȴﵽһصľ磬ʮеһһŬԼԪۣϣڶڣܹﵽһصȡ
ëöʿչδʱɫЩΪΪһʿûгԴȴΪȴﵽǿȵʮ֮һɿһҹδ룬Ĵ󲿷Դ԰ҹδҩжҹδӸм
ϣܹδڽԪ꣬ʱ佫ʶǿȴꡣ
ҹδһ£ڴԼȥ˽İ꣬ϰ˰꣬һǧꡣëöɽõУڳǧĹڣ˵ܹͻ硣ΪƷϡ
Ҳ֪ǳס˵ﵽ˻ܹͻƣͻûô򵥡ҲֻƷϡһˣܹʮͻͲˡϾЩҪͻƵǿ磬Ƿӹ硣
˵ʶǿȣһĵطëöɼ˵ұΪɽʶѵĵط
ɽʶѵĵط
ԣʶؾҲУȴûдµɽáɽ˭ȥҪá
ôãˣ
ǺǡëöЦˣǸɽ֪ʲôط𣿡
ʲôط
ëöѹӦ֪ɣ
֪ҹδһѵɽѹڣ
ëöɴһָɽһһֱѹڡ֮ǵɽʿᱻɽԴԴϵسȡʿڵԪΪɽһ֡
ҹδüëһ¾ַɽģ
ԣɽѹӡȻҪģÿʱÿ̶ġĻַܴ¾ͱʯɽġԣ¾ͽɽɽ翪ˡ
ÿһɽˣ㲻뱻ɽԴԴϵڵԪֻʶȥֵԪֵΪͷŶԪͻᱻɽն١ɽʶʶֵɽĹУһѵĴʶĹ̡
ס𣿡
סܹ
Ǻð취
ǺܶȥëöЦϾǴʶĺõطҲһеĺõط
ҹδ벻һ뵽Լǿգһֱһߵأ𷽲ëö˵Ļ
ԼĻʵʵ
϶ʵҹδҿ϶еĻǳʵʵóڵľ硣
ǡ
ҹδ˹â
ʵ;йصġͬ¥Ļһ¥ʵģǷǳʵģʵö¥ٸ㣬ܵ𡣵ǣٸʮأ
ٸǶʮأ
Ļʵ
ܵס
Զ׼ʵˣ¥ġ
ôǲǾ⣿
ҵĻУڵĺϵ磬һʵǶأ
ҹǿ̲صİأ绹ҪߣԶ
ôڵĻڹǿָ߶ȵľǲʵġҲֲʵһֱһߡ
Ӧö԰ɣ
ôӦȷİɣ
ȷȷɽһȥ಻ʧһЩԪֲ
ҹδ¶˾ģ˶˲١ëöɵ£ҹδû뿪ȥ񣬶ǿʼƵ絤һµʱ䣬ëöȥȻ뿪š
֮ϣͷһţ΢΢һЦԼܷҲкõһ棬ЩΪԼַԼѡ˿ޣ鷳Լ
⣬ͦã
ҹδȥ񣬶ʵܼ򵥣սѾʼɽתܶʿ˵ҹδˣΪҹδĿ궼ǺϵԲ壬塣Щ꣬ɱ˼ʮϵԲˣȻҲȥ
ֻǲһʱ䣬ҹδɱʮϵԲҹδٴҹδһҹδʮֲϲĴºţ
ӣ
¡
ɽ
Զһ״̬
ɽڴڣŶרŻһطɽܴ󣬵ǻĵطɽ£˺ܶཨͬһǳһ㡣ʲôУ۸ԴҲſջ¥ȵȡֻҪɽ¾Ͷ㳨ΪṩһֻҪɾһж⡣
ǰɽʿ޷ǾĿġ
һʶһС
ҲҪǼǣڴⶫط˳רſһšΪɽŴ󳬼ţ㹻šҲȷʵû˸¡
ﳿɽɫЩ԰ףⲻʧԪʶࡣϾɽϣԴԴϵسȡڵԪԼôʶʶḶ́ҲʶĵĹ̡
ﳿǳŵӣϵԲҽǿȺԪѾﵽһصˮ׼ҲͲʶĴ
ֻǧ˰꣬ﵽ̶ȣɽҲ콾ܹ콾βͣڳڲ䣬ΪڳھƽԣûгΪɽ״ӣֻܹŶ
ֵڳڵλǺεģԴҲȱٵġ۵ʵԴ״ر
һţɢޡ
ʿʶĵطȻѡɽΪﲻҪԼԴֻԼԪԼָͨ
еĿ࣬ҲֻԼ֪һĻмʿȻһŵģǴҾͬͬ
ӭһŮӣﳿﳿһ£ֱŮЩ죬Լ϶ȴһʱ벻
ͷ˿ǸŮӣǸŮѾ߽ɽҡҡͷʶ̫Ҳָ֮󣬾ܹˡ


997 
ŮǷ糾͸ҹδ롣һ̤ɽҹδоһϲɽȷʵżΪŨа
ǣоɽʼȡڵԪȡٶȻ죬ҲҹδƣԼڵԪһֱٶȱɽȡҲܹάһҵʱ䡣
ҹδûʶȥ赲ɽԼԪĳȡԼаʱ򣬶ʶĺܴ󡣷ȱɾʱԲԪ
Ҳûа壬ʼΪɽĴߣмƻߣҪҳһѵ֮ء
仰˵аΪŨ֮
ɽܴ
ɽ˰ǧһɽȴһ
ɽкܶϥҲʱɽȻҲҹδɽ
¡
ţ
һɽϵĸ¥ϣվУеĿңɽ
УһǴµӣһǴռá
а˰ɣ
࣬Ҳһ꣬Ҳٸһ꣬ڵײǺ׼ʱ
ϣܹһЩԪʱҲܹһʱ䣬ǴҲһЩ
ˣǴ֪˴ĽʲôӡɽǾͿԽս磬ɽ硣Ǵµʧ͡
ˣɽҪԪɽûлָ۷塣
ǰϴײɽĵ̫ˣˡô꣬ûȫָָֻ˰˳ɡٶȣ˰ɽųɾͻָˡ
ô죿
˵ǴɽٿһηᣬǴµ컯ʿ̳ô
ǻɴ೹һЩʿ̳Ȼƽ磬컯
˵ʵϵʿģʿĽԶలżʮ˴ĺϵʿۼڴˣ˵ܹ׻ָɽ
Ǹð취
Ǿôˣ֪ͨȥɽʿʱ䣬ʮ֮Ҵ³һٸʿɽ̳ÿʿһÿ£ܹһٳ
ã
ͨµϢȱɽߴÿϵʿˡ
ʿ̳
Լܹһٳضͻɣ
ɽԪٶȣܹԼάһ¡
У
Լö׬ɾʱһɾһʿ˾ֺܹܳʱ䡣
ܶʿյϢ֮󣬱㶼뿪ɽ뿪˴¡Ҫʮھܵ׬ȡɾʮĿ̳ջļڣڲɽҲա
ҹδȻ뿪ֲȱɾռһҺ̬Ԫ»и״ء
ɽʿΪ٣úоһɽҵһʺԼĵط
ҹδһ»ʱ䣬ڰɽҵһԼоаΪŨ֮ϥʼС
żΪе̣ܿͽ뵽Ե֮С
ʮҪɽ̳Ϣܿ촫˴󳬼֮С
ڡ
ֳΣɽĽ
޸Σ
ˣɷʦһֱΪܹ޸ˡ
ܼʱ޸ͺãҲܹܵĽսǱߡ
ҹδϥɽɽɾһһ
ʱһһȥ
ʮʱת˲ȥɽֿʼʿӿɽһϥãȴŴµʿ̳ÿʿ˫֮жɾԼֵøһЩ
ҹδ̾һʮ֪꣬Լз滹Ų㣬Ҳȷһ㲻㣬ԼͻһߡʮĿޣûԼžԵ
ȻκιͨԽǸԽ򡣡ҹδ̾Ϣһһ¾Ͼʿ̳ˣ˵Լа
ˣ
һлɽۣ͵ӷÿ˵ĶУ
λѣɮӡ
Ǵţ
˶ˣϾ˶ǺϵʿӲţ컯ʿ
ݼš
ӴЦЦȻٴοڡɽҲûӿʼµʷԶſʼµǿ󣬽¶ɽĹףɽϵʿտʼʱ򣬻ţţɫѿΪʱ޿̲ڱɽȡԪÿһϢʱ䣬һġ
ǲòɾʼգûȿ̳ãԼͲò뿪ǲǿˣ
һʿɫаЦʱˡԹ˼䣬Ʈȥһʿ˷ۣʼ
ҹδ˼䣬ЩʧߵĲе·ӡţ⻹һŵ署żǿĽЧ
һ£ҹδһǸʹʿȥһʿʿȻںϵ·ӣߵҲ֮һԵ·ӣҹδ
Щʿûв˽Ҳ˽ˣǶҹδֺϵʿûв˽Ϊ̫ҲδܹöǸʿһ£ʿʱ򣬺źܶĺϵʿѾˡźϵʿܹЩʿԽΪǿ콾ҹδø档
һһʱȥڼ䲻ֻ֪˶ʿΪܶʿɾùˡòȥɽµʿӵ˽ҲеʿΪԼﵽ˱״̬Ҫ̱չȥк档ԣ뿪ɽ
ҹδһֱڣȱɾάֶöܹάȥһ麣һһֱաЩʿʱ˵ԪѰҵģӴ俪ģ緽
ȻϵͳشڸЩʿֻֻƬҹδҲʮִΪѾҵ˵ĵλãӵԪ
ҴʱڽĴУߵе·ӣҹδоһ˿ƿЩɶ
µʱȥǸеĴȥҹδֱźܹԼ̣ҹδоԼܿܳһϧǴѾƮȻԶȥ
һˣһˣֱһʢ硣
ȻҶ֪ǴΪ˻ָɽɽڲϵسȡǵԪȴ֮¡
Ԫֽȴǧѷꡣ
еʿϲãµĺҲиˡһֱڸ֪ɽϴЦԽԽʢɽҪָųˡ
ֹȥꡣ
ˡ
ҹδоƨɵµɽ΢һ£΢üоҹδȴ̸֪аһ˲ࡣ
Ӱɫĳüһ
ɽָųˣ
ͬʱҹδ֮С
ʶһ̶س뵽ɽС
ҹδоԼҪͻԼƿȴȻɽãȻܿȥԼϥɽϣ۴ʱһϺڽȻػԼƺʶ뵽ɽˡ
ǡ
ҹδüͷ֮ǰûгԹʶͽȥɽǷԼȴȥˡ
Լģ
ҹδ۾ʼ䷽ųḶ́Ȼüëһ
Ƶʣ
ɽһ𶯵ƵʣֻƺһֳԽ֪𶯣ȫ֪
ԣ
Ҳ˵ɽ𶯣һеˣԼɺ֮£˵Ƶ֮УȻʶ뵽ɽˡ֮Լʶָ˵Ƶʣɽ˳
УԼ֪ɽһ£𶯣Լɺϵؽ뵽ɽ
ɽΪʲô𶯣
ѵ
ҹδâ
ѵɽЩʿԪָĳ̶ȣһ£
Щȳܲٴνɽ
ҹδ۾ϸ֮ǰɽУԼʶ״̬Ȼʶӳɽ
ʶ뵽ɽһɽеİͷӵʶ룬еİӵ
ǣҹδֻͣʶ̽Ҿͣ
Ϊɽڵ˵ƵԽƵԽ졣žΪԼһʶƵʣ̽ɽƵʣɽ˳
ƵʱаһּΪİǣͣˣаƵʡ
һ죬죬졭
ҹδʶ̽˴Լһס
ҹδ뿪ʼһɽˣԼʶһغɽ˵ƵƵһ£Ȼһɽ롣
УҹδԵ򲻶ϵؼ
УѾ֪¡
һ꣬꣬ꡭ
ҹδȻһȣηС󵨣
ҹδ̽ɽڵʶ˲ɤӿһѪظȥֳ˾֮ɫ


998 
ĿѸһɨ㿴мɽҲɽȥѾӵ
Ŀ⴩Խ˿ռ䣬ɽ߸ɽȥȻҲҹδ롣Ŀɨ߸˵ıӰջûнһľٶ
ϾɽʮˣԼ֣ԴµһǣǸ˾Ȼܹʶ̽뵽ɽ츳˰

ɽ
۾˴󳬼ŵľ콾ôԼⰵг
ҹδһɽߣһ˼ţȷû߸ˡҲȷӻ᲻֡
ǣȷԼҪ֣ҲԼ뿪˴¡ܽԼᾪκˡӵʵҲȷʵܹһ㡣
ҹδĿɨǰˣȷ˲뿪£ǻɽµſջסһʱ䣬Լ
ԼҲžסһʱ䣬뿪
뿪
Խã䴦Խ࣬µʱԼ߶߲ˡԼھߣӦûӵԤϡ
ܲѣǾͿˡ
ˡ
Ȼɽֱջҹδֱš
΢΢۾Ŀҹδ롣
ûжҪҹδԶһЩȻԼȥɱҹδ롣ֻҪΧڣһССĺϵӲ׷ɱ
ҹδ߳˴ţͷһ۱ֵĴ¡Ȼϵؽ뵽ʱ͹˲ϱ¶ˡ
š
һ㵡
ҹδʧˡ
ȻȻվһαѾʧţڴİ֮ϣ֪һ¿ռ䲨׷ȥ
ô׷𣿡ҹδռʵ
ţҸоռ΢Ӻ洫ܿ졣
ж죿㻹죿
ţҿ죬ǿ첻˶١Ҫ׷ңҲҪʮҵʱ䡣
ÿ죡
ҹδһû˱ٶȣȴû뵽Ȼ˱ٶȻ졣ܹ쵽ٶȣʣضӡҹδһеתѸ˾
ţ
ٶȣﷵţҪʮʱ䣬ͲӸ׷ɽǰ
ھµľӻûȫչֳٶȣ;ʲô⡣һ⣬ԼٶȽһߣпܱ׷ϡ
ı˷ųڵķȥ
δ룬ɽʲôô׷ʵ
ûʲô
ûʲô˼ܹô׷㣿
ٷϻоϽܡ
ˣǺɢһֳЦҹδЦá
Ӵʱˣû뵽Ǹ͵͵ɽСȻܹٶô졣϶ǸСٶȣӦĳֱ
ĳüһ
ֱӦǺɽһġһóٶȵıӵı
һۺˣԭûôᶨ׷ɱҹδľģһӱüᶨˡ
ɱ˶ᱦ
ĸһӸͷҼᶨޱȡ
δ룬˼ӿٶˡͻȻ𣬴һ˿ꡣ
ҹδһҲ
ж׷ǣ
ᳬʮ졣
㻹ܼ𣿡
ٶȡ
ҹδȥüͷţ˼Ű취
ڡ
ϼ塣
յܽϼӵĶ
ʦʦ
ϼӳ谮ؿܽǣӲԼСеġʿԳΪ콾ܹͻƺϵˡӻСһһ룬ȷʵ䲻󣬵ҲոǧͷǧͷԪͬ˵ͯꡣ
Ѿͷַʲôˣ
ʦҽȥδ棬ֲˣȥһ£ʧʮˡ
ϼҲ̧üģʵϣ뵱ҹδ뱻ټ֮͹עҹδ롣ʷϵһųͷµĴͷܺ档Щ⣬ҹδͻֹرӻôеޡѵõ紫
Ȼ󡭡
û뵽ҹδһʧ˾ʮֱ꣬šȻΥĹڱŵżϣַŵľٶ浱ûƢ
һһ񣬾㲻ţŻδ
ҹδ뾿ʲô

Լĵ˵ҹδʧ˿ʮ꣬Ҫʧʮ
ţ
Ѿͷȥ˴°ɣ
ϼӻȻųȥҹδˣô᣿
ôǰξʮȥ
ôھΪʲô
һˣѵʲôԵ
ˣ
ﵽʲô磿
ǣ
ţ
֪ҹδʲôΪ𣿡
ϵԲʦ֪ǾȵؿԼʦ
ʵǣڱ壬Ԫʶﵽʲô̶ȣûĳһﵽ̶ȣ
֪ҡͷʦ˵δʲô𣿡
ɲܣϼЦҹȥ˴ˡ
۾һȥˣʦҲȥ
ʦ㽲𣿡
ǣȥɽһ¡
ϼ룬ͷУʦȥҲÿҹδʲô
ﳿ̤ƷУŷȥ
һɽǳΨһźǣϵɾùˣò뿪оԼȥչһΣһʵͻơ
һǸΣԼʶǿȹˣͿԪˡ
ֻһܹϳһͬŵӡһ뵽üЦ
ʱҹδѾʮ죬ں׷ɱӣҹδԽԽֻӵüͷȴ
ǸŮһֱӣֱӡǸǳڡ
ǳڵӣ
ЩԥڶǷӣһó֪Լɱǵĵӣһ鷳
Ҳֻ΢ԥһ£׷ɱȥΪ֪ò˼죬Լܹ׷ˡǸʱ򣬾ڻʮңԶԼɱ˾ߣû˻ᷢ֡

ٴδ룬׷ˡ
ҹδ̽ʶ֮۳һֻ۾źȥ
ûˣ
о˿ռĲǲڱüӾ磬˵ӾҪ׷ˡ
ҹδ侲ЩҲһֱ취Ѿ˴㣬Ȼ֪취ЧΣػΧʿע⣬ܹңԶĳڵĹע
Ŀռ䣬ԼպһڵҰС
ҹδһʶڵһ˳ҹδʶһһЩΪӡſɳɳԷ񶼱ѡһӡŽɷķȻ˿УವԶ룬ӵѾ˲䵽

䡭
һĺ
ӿһڵ㣬û⡣
ϣв
رܵǸŮӲһϵԣûͣĿ⵹ɨһۡ
ţ

ɫһ䣬Ѿˡ
ıըǾͬһ챬ˣԲǧĿռ䶼ˣִĿռѷһ޴֩ռҳһšɵԶԶش˳ȥ
һĴСԶ漤˹ȥΪҹδ֪ԼɱֱųڵķӣҲҪʮҵʱ䡣ıը϶ܰɱˡܹ׷ըռʳһ㣬ԼǱ뵽¡ıըڱӵߣӵʶĨȥĿռ䲨ˣԼҲܹѡ
ըһ˲䣬Զ߿֮ϣϼӴ̤ƶСϼɫһ䣬˫Ŀ㿴˲ռ䣬ǷԲǧĿռѾݣҲһǹ˵һɲǡ
һųڷεʿȻػͷȥҰУռ飬ѹ
ϼһѾվﳿǰһץסﳿһȻصǵԡﳿδǰˣæƶ°ݣ
лʦ֮
ǣٶȷšڣ̡
ǵͷǱըŵˡ֪ܣʿģֻԼԼҲǡ̺ﳿŵķȥ
ϼ΢΢˼һ£Ȼǰȥ
ʱЩǱͷϵ·顣ȴһ鶼ûСɫʮѿ֪ⱬըضΧʿע⣬ܹڵĹעбԥԼǷҪ׷ȥȴȻɫһ䣬Ŀǰȥ֪ռĲ
컯ʿĲ˫Ŀռ䡣
ϼӣ
תһʧ֪׷ɱʧˣȻʧˣʮֹϵطش¡
ӵĶ̫죬ϼҲֻǿһģӰ
еӣô
ͷ·ȥ·ѾǹݺᣬЩطѾðˮϼӵʶȥȻڵصеһѾʧ
䡭


999 
ռ仹ݣһʿӰ֣𾪵֩һĿռѷ졣ʱѾͣǱڵҹδҲðգӷֻ֣һȻųڵķӡܷѣǾֻܹˡ
ȥ
ռݲŽ֩Ŀռѷ죬ŴʿԶԶ𾪵ţͬʱš
컯ʿ֮սɣ
δأҲƽʿ
Ϊʲôôˣ

ЩʿУҲųڵʿһǴʿ磬ƽ⣬컯
һº
еĿռѷѾʧˣֻǵȴѾϿȣס
Ѿû˴ʿֻǲʱּʿ￴һۣ²һתȥ
һûΣգҹδȷӦ뿪ˡСĽڵص״˴죬Ŵӵϳ֣ȻͿϼͻأؾͳǰЦЦؿ
ʵϣڵϼҲǳԾСû뵽ڵµľȻҹδ롣ֱҹδг
ϼʦ塭ҹδ

ϼӴһҹδͱöá֮һɽ֮ϣϼҹδ
׷ɱӣ
ʦ壬ˣҹδһ
Ȼûп壬ֻǴæ֮䣬һģıӰΪʲô׷ɱ㣿
Ҳ֪ҹδֳһԩɫҾɽϡ
ϼҹδ˵꣬һ㵨ӻ治Сԣⲻǵӵ⣬㾹Ȼܹʶ̽뵽ɽ棿
⡭ʲôѵ𣿡
ǺǡϼӱЦˣɽһɱġʲô˶ܹ̽ȥģ
Ҳ黹ڳ˯˿ӡǳ˯Ҫʶ̽Ҳǧѡ밡ɽǴµرɽڳ˯һ㲻ģ˯ɽˣˣһŪˣ˵Ӻ㼱ۣҪɱ㣬𣿡
ҹδɫһûûаɡ
˵˵ջʶ̽ɽɣ
ջСҹδֳһ˿˷ܣе·ӣзĻøӼˡ
ջУˣȴûһջʲôŪô󶯾
ҹδĬһ£
ϼĿһһ˿ϧǷʦŶˣ˵ԷܾͨǴӵͳ½ģ
ţ
ϧˣϼĬȻƬ̣Ҳûʲôֻһ츣أȴҲӰ
ϼ´һҹδ룺ûˣ˵ӦܴСɣ
ûУһ㣬ҹδӼھ׼ҷ֮󣬾֪˹ɽ飬Ҳ֪ɽʿ˵ôֻ
һǵ츣أһǵԣǸʱұ㳢ԽҰ룬ֻ൱ϵԣȻ˵е˺ǲ󡣡
Ҫ߿ʿ·ϼӿҹδ
ҹδҲطûдϼӵϸ֪һ˿ɱ⣬ҡͷ
ʦ壬û˲Ϊһ״ӣԼ̫ˡǣĲ
֪Ÿ߲Ϊ֮Ϊ˴ٽǵӾãǸ˼ȥ⣬ŵȥǺķʱ;
ԣӻʿɡ
ϼӶ˶̾Ϣһ·ߣҪʿӪӪȴᵱ㲻ڡΪԣʣվһֱԡǸʱû˻㣬Ͳ·ߵˣΣգԡ
ҹδĬ
ҹδɫᶨϼȻţҲҹδϼ壬ٶȥˡ
ȻҪ߿޵·ӣҪ͵һԼȥɣڳһеʱ䣬ʲô޵֮ҡ
ллʦ塣
ʮϼ뿪ˡҹδϥ磬аļʣعǳİҲں˽̶а壬ǳ嶼վС
˸һ˿˿ҹδΰ
ʱϼƵ̤ƶУʮҹδָУϼ֪ҹδһľ콾ҴӴɽУܹҹδҪ߳Լһ·
ǽҹδõ˴УҲȥմȥǻὫе֣Ҫߵ·֡
΢΢ҡҡͷ·ǲߣ
쳣ߣҲҹδһӾͿ֮ǰ¾콾кܶ࣬˭ܹ߳Լ·
ǰ˳Ǿʿߵ·ҹδЩøԶˡ
ţ
ϼӻȻתͷ˿˿մ
ҹδڵĵط
ϼһһ̱ɽۣҹδ롣ʱҹδѾһǹ֣ǹһ˿˿ӿҹδڣǹеϸ΢֮ŷ
ˣϼӸ֪һ£ǳ
һ·ҹδ̵⣬һ
Ϊ̤ǳ֮·
ϼ죬ԭУߴ֮·ҪΪǳ֮·
͸ˡ
Ѿͷ־ǲСһͨ·»ͬ޵ˡֻѾͷҲǴ󵨣һȫĵط
͸չ״̬
ϼϥԱߣΪҹδ뻤ҹδϵһװ
ʿԶǹ۵ôܲʿ
ֻʵˣΪϼֻй¶һ˿ϢͽЩҪʿӿеȥ
ƽʿԶԶؿһۣϼӣ뿪µӲɸһ뿪һʵ
ʦ˭
ϼϼӡ
ǵӾһȻ뵽ҹδ룺Ǹʿ˭ϼӾȻΪ
֪ضϼӵ״ӡ
أϼӵĵϼԻϢʹ˳ȥҲͽûΧˡҪǱϼӿòˬһưԼˣԩˣ
ʵϣҹδܷģȻ״̬е֪ϼΪڣʲôΣա飬ǿԶģʵҲ͡˵ˣֱӰҹδսռܡԣܰĵ

ҹδѣһѣϼӾ͸֪ˡͬʱҹδҲ֪ϼϢʼһͷҹδϼӶӦûͦءûɱ˶ᱦûп
ܹΪţȷʵԭڡ˵гڵ˶ϼӣǴӦˡ
δĵӣĻǺŨġƾŴ󳬼ŶˣϾŵĽҪЩ콾
Ȼ㲻һ콾Щвù㣬ȥɡ
һ컯ʿһͨ򣬻Ը㻤
Բܡ
ҹδû۾̿ʼĬԼ塣
ȻԼطûб仯ֻʶһ硣
ҹδ˼һƬвһ
ϸҪϸ̶ˣϸֻǽʶУϸʶСҹδʶһ֡൱ʶΪϸ
ˣ
ȻȥԪиϲԪҲˣȻƷԪ񣬵ǾƷԪֽһ
ҹδȥǱԪ飬ֲøǺйصЩͨŽһʣⶼЩЧԪΪԪŻ
ҹδдϲԼ·߶ˡ
ֻҪԼϵԪݲϸضԪƷҲضһսԪƷ
ܹԪƷҹδȫˡ
ڼƷԪǾˡǹƲԪݾܹġ֪ɽûмƷԪ񣬾УҲᳬʮ
ϸϸһԼضڿһֻЩģеʱ䣬ӵ˴УҲἱſġҪԪƷԺٿġԪƷ͵ֱӵĹϵ
ҹδ۾վΣϼʩһ񣺡лʦ塣
ôʲô򣿡ϼҲܺ档
ҹδȻ˵ʵӶԪһЩ򡣡
ϼӵͷǶҪóȻԪ񣬻ǵȵõ֮󡣾Ԫ֮ȴδܹƷԪ񡣶ҾҪ߳Լĵ·ҲҪС
ǣף
߰ɣҴȥ
ڻаϼӾͰҹδ£ݵʧˡҹδ֪ϼΪ˱Լ֪Լϼһ𣬿»ᱻɼ˷ӪϼʧķʩһȻƵŷȥһжϼӿһ˿Цݡ
ѾͷƷԲ


1000 
ҹδصţ룬̾ϢһԼȥɣֶʮûֶʮĳͷȥ¾һҲòˡ
Ǹߵǰκʦ壬ˡ
κʦһҹδˣͷ֪
ҹδҲֻεЦκʦȴһδ룬һ񣬲֪Ҳ
ҹδǵָŸʲô͵ʲô𣿡
ǣָϵһʿȱܾҿÿ񶼷ǳ˳ʵǿӦܹʿڶһɣ
κʦ߿ˡҹδȻϡ
ôκʦЦΪǳ㾳һɣŲܷȫ֮ǰޡɣֻҪ񣬾ͰõеʱΪ߰ꡣˣ㲻԰ʦڵõ紫еʱϣ׷һĵӡ
Σ
ҹδĶˣȻҪȵõУҲܹŸƷĴСֳֻԥ֮ɫ
κʦ壬ʲô񣿡
÷ģҪȪˮֻҪʮξͿԡȪˮھŴ󳬼ŹڵΧڡǱһƬԶսγ֮أһھȪӻȪȥһռ䣬һȪֻȪƶģҪȥҡҵ֮ȡʮξͿԡ
ǻȪǻȪžΣգҹδ벻ԥκʦ壬ңǲǺΣգΪʲôûЩʦ񣿡
Σǿ϶ΣգǲҪģҪǻȪҡ̫˷ʱ䣬ЩʿԸȥɣ˻Ȫٸ׵ʵҲȪ׵ֻǾͰչˡ֮ǰĸֳͷ
ҹδ룬ͷУȥԡ
˵߾ߣҹδٴ뿪ţԶ֮󣬱ռ䣬Źڵķȥڿռڲ鿴
Զŷ档
Ŵ󳬼ţ̫ڣڣڣڣڣ££׹ڣڡ
ҹδ֪̫ڣڣڣڣڣ£߸ŶǴԶžʹҲ֪߸жѹһڡ
ǰ׹ں͹Ȼ
Ǻģߴ󳬼ΪаڣڼҲΧ˹Σ׹ں͹ҲαصšֱںͰ׹ڸҵһʺǵŷչĵط
ھͽƬԶŷ֮У׹Ҳһӵż֮СطǳʺϹںͰ׹ڣǶߴ󳬼ȴΪѺãΧ˶ΪĵûгɹùںͰ׹׳Ĺģ
ԶŷǳʵϹҲֻռ˺Сһ֣һԶŷġ˵ԶŷΣգԽģԽΣա
ڶŵʿɢԶŷҲ֮֮ʵҲܲˣԶŷ̫ˡȻˣоԼ˼ǿʿɱ˶ᱦҳ㷹ʮ
ҹδɣӳڷɵڣҪһʱ䣬Ŀ죬ʮ죬ҹδѾվ˷ıԵ
Χûһˣʵ̫󣬼Զŷ棬ҲڱķĿȥ󣬿žˡ
һ·ҹδ߽Զŷ棬һԶŷ棬оź֮Ȼȴֱ͸˵꣬˵Ӱ졣
ⲻеһֲֲһصƵֱ͸˵ʶֻصƵײҹδʶĽϣ㱻ȫҹδû˿Ӱ졣
ȪԶŷ룬ǾԶĴԼ֮һľ롣ǸΣѾ൱ʵĹꡣʿЩ֮СǻȪһؾ֮С
ؾ
һƬ򣬳괦֮СҪȪͱͨһƬ
һ·ϣҹδҲ˲ͬĹ꣬Ҫҹδսռ֮Щ겻ʲôΣռˣȻҺ̬ʶռγһҹδҺһ֣ҺֻǸԪС̫࣬ҹδҺ̬ԪҺ
ǰһģӰҹδ뽫ռһʿƿҹδ룬۾һҹδ˹ҹδͣ䱸˶ԷӶԷ¶Ϣһϵڡҹδ΢ͷһ˿ϢǸʿĿһֳЦݡ
ʿһɢޣҪҹδ룬ֻǿҹδҪڨ
λʦãҪȥȪ
ԷɫҹδҲ˶Է˼ɷһۣⲻǷϻ
ȥȪȥʲôط
ֻǻûеҹδ뿪ڻشǸ˾˵ʦãǲҪȥˣڻȪɲȫҾǴ뿪ġ
һ˵ҹδȤˣλʦ֣ǻȪʲô𣿡
⻰˵ͳˡ
ҹδǸ޶Ȼһ򣬱ʿƿ߷ӶҹδҲһ㣬ȴûдڨֱŻȪķȥ
ͣȥġҹδڨǸʿЦ
ѾɹȥʿζȻһͣȻҹδ˷˹ҹδǸˣԼڨʿǸ죬죬컹治֪ôڵġ

ʿеһߴʿкԼɱ⣬ֻǿԷҲˣϵϢԼ£û̶֡
վҹδߵǸʿƤһʶİ
ʲô˼һʿסǸߴʿĸ첲ʿ
ʿ˵ӵȥʶİɣ
Σ
ȰǱȥˣҾǴոշġ
˵һ١ҹδΣʿҪ硣ĸߴʿȻʵ
ΪΣ
ʿֳ֮ɫڰǰɣһɢ޽뵽ȪȻһ֪ʲô𣿡
֪ҹδ붼ˡʿȻʵʲô
ʿֳΪ֣֮ɫŪҹδ˶Ȼ
Ȫ
ʲô
һҹδ˶ˡ
Ȫ
Ȫǳأͨʵȥʿ澳磬ͨʵеȥɱʿڵ˥֮
ӳ֮ھ̲˥ֻ֮ƽʱԡԪĵò࣬ͻ¶һһֳ˥֮࣬;Զ
ʿɱ˥ֻ֮Ϊĸϵѹ˥֮˵ֻдﵽ컯ܹ֮ʼɱ˥֮
ǣȪȴɱ˥֮ЧȻδܹ˥֮ȫɱÿɱһ˥֮ʿõʵı仯
仯Ĳ壬Ϊ˥֮в˥˥ԣĻʶʶԪȡ
Ŀν
𾪵ӣʿϵɫӵ⣺кܶ磬ƽʿȥˣ˵Ǽϵȥﲻ
Ŷ
ˣȥʶģҸǣҲˡҲ֪ΪʲôҲΪױʮ͡ϵʿȥˣ͸ˡ
ҹδʱʿҲ֪Է죬ҸЩϢȻЇNɪȴҲǺģ㹰ֵ
ллˣǻҪȥ
аɣԼСġ
ҹδҲֵѣлˣҲȥ
ɶİ
ѣˣ
ҹδɲنˣһϱԸʿһѣԼһѾʧټ
һӺԶԶؿ׵ͬĻǻɫ硣͸һֹ죬ſûн뵽򣬱ܹоһֶԪв
ʱ֮ۼŲٵʿǺϵֻ硣ЩʿɫЩ԰ףһڻָϢûпס׵Ĺҹδ벻ɽüͷ
綼ܲסԼôȥ
ȻԼԪ񣬵ƹǺܹס׵ĹȪ겻ˡ
˼䣬ʿҲʿɵؿҹδһۡżҹδٶԶԶǣлβ֪ҹδʵҪ
ҲֻǼɵûп־壬ϾҲûеҹδ롣ֻǿһҹδıӰ㽫Ŀ
ʦ֣ױϴȴǿ̫ࡣôоҪǽȥһӾˣ
߸ʦִʱҲûбʦǿȥһʱԶԣףȷʵԼܹܵġ
ԱһոյϢָ粻мϵȥƾҲ䣿ڣܲסڣͳܲˡ
ҹδҲǸʿĻвһ̾겻ˡ


1001 
ҹδԼڷһ㱻˲꣬ԼӦöЩӦɣ
ԼԪھʲô磬ĲǺֻ֪ԼԪƷԪ
ôҲҪ԰ɣ
һ£
ҹδٲȥΧʿһϵȻҪ򣬶һֵģȻǾͼҹδվıԵͣ
Ŷ
ԭǿЩʿһӾʧˣȻȻ˾ǿҹδ̧֣Ȼһָ̽˹ȥ
ҵ϶¶˿ĵЦݡ
ôȥԣˣҲܰ
кϵôԹǻ鴤İ̫Цˡ
ôһŮȻ鴤Ӧú˼ɣ
䡭
ײϣҹδʳָһףоһֱԼʶæջ֣һĽšĸо֪ױԼڵǿһԼԪ˽⣬Ӧûʹࡣ
ǵ׵Ȼײʶ
Ȼ󡭡
ҹδˣ̶ϲ
Լʶһ磬׾Ȼȫ絲棬ɫѳһ˿˿ڽζȻɢ
ţ
û£
Ǻϵ𣿡
ϢǺϵôû£
ԶʦֵҹδĿӼɵˡرǸ߸ʦ֣ҷûкҹδ뷢ͻԼҲˡ
ҹδվ˼һһָ˳ָʶȻʶĽܶʱҹδһʶѿһ϶һ˿״˽Ԫ֮ϡ
ֻһ˿ףҪȷһ̫࣬ҹδȫûзӦҹδ벻ԥһ̤
䡭
ҹδκܿʧУЩʿһŴ͡
˲Ǻϵɣ
ҾҲǣӦٵ磬ֻطΪ
ǸҪҾ˼ҾǺϵֻʶǿ󡣡
ǵжǿ󣬲ܹ뵽
ҲѾأ
һ
˵
̫ðʧˡ
ҡͷɫ϶ҹδѾˡ
ʱҹδѾ뵽ף׸Ϊǿˡҹδϥ£ȥȪǻȪҹδ֪֮ԼȥǻȪ
Ҫ֪ȪΪҲ磬Ŵƽ硣Լܹ綷һ£㻹ܺƽ綷һ£
ĿֻǻȪˮҪﳢһ£׶ԼԪЧΣ
Ѿܹо׺ԼڵŲͬڵױϾҹδ÷ɣһȻȴɽף̲Ȼ
䡭
ײͣغ£ɫҹδ룬ͬʱҲҹδʶ硣ҹδʼܽţ׺˽磬ԼˡȴԼĽǳͣȵ׶Լʶ繹˿в
һʶһ϶ͷŽСָô֣ȻͷųĴָô֡
һԺͷŽʶѾСô֡
ҹδ뿪ʼˣ
Ѿܹܵļˣȴܹ֪ԼԪڷٵвɸпȻǴȻԼڵܹȵġԼڵԪĨޡڵȻԪҲŴЧȴûЧ
֮ȱ˴
оǴⲻ״Ԫ񣬶һǴԪҹδܿͽ뵽֮С
һһ¹ȥҹδʱоԪ̩ͨʶתһ˿ɬ·Լ棬ԼϺش棬С档Ԫ֮ǰӶһϣܹתɢǿҹδ벻ɸ̾
Ԫ
ϲ³һܹظоԼԪˣǲ֪ԼԪӦʲô硣ȻҲŲֹһ紫УǱϾûдﵽ磬֪Ǻȴ֪׶ԼЧȻУǲˡǰȥ

ҹδվһھǰھǻȪʱҹδоԼǰδеͨ͸û紫УɲȷԼԪľ磬ǾԿԶ϶ԼԪԲǳڣҲڡ
ⲻ˵ģԼʶ羹Ȼܹסȵףܹ֪ԼʶøӼˡҲˣԺеǻǰ˵ͷһۻȪһ˽ȥ

ȪڻоˮǵˮвãоһգȻһռ䡣ռܴһжǻɣɭɭġ磬ֱ͸ʶҹδʶ絲ҹδ벻࣬ûʶ磬磬Լܲˡ
ĿĹˣ֪ȥĶõϢǣǻȪƶģҹδ룬ȻȪƶģԼֻƾˣԼʱ䣬һҲ꣬겻УꡣֻǻȪӦûûбժΪҹδ꣬ûмʿ
ǧϡ
ҹδԼЩ绹ӵĻᣬƽ⣬ӵĻᶼûСǣԽǲ룬ȴƫƫԽҹδ˴Լһ£ȻһȺʿٸÿһ˵϶ɢǿϢҹδ붼η塣Щʿеľƽ磬磬ҲǺڡ
ȻͿһϽŹʵǿ϶ǻȪȪЩʿ϶ȪʿҹδҲ룬Ҫ뿪ĽŲͻȻһ٣ǻȪ²һȪ̶Ȫˮɫҹδһ
Ȫ
ҪĻȪǣȪôһûȪ
Ÿûа
ʱٸʿҲҹδ룬һвɶֳ˽䱸֮ɫҹδһ㣬ΪЩ˵пһڿ˵Ŀ⡣ʱЩʿҲġ
ŮޱضǺϵϵʿܵ˵磬ǻȪҲˡȴװһϵģⲻ׼׼ʲô
ֻǵɵӰ
ʱҹδҲӦ˹һĵǰһЩЩԼ벻׶Լ֡վңŻȪǲǻȪ񣬵ǾǲȷϣΪŸд
ȪһȪۣͣӿȻγһȪӣʿҪҵȪۣ͵ҵȪӣȻŻȪϣղŻҵȪۡҹδҪҵĻȪҺڻȪС
ȪҺǻȪˮֻڻȪ֮ڣһſŽɫҺ壬ڵǣûлȪӣôһȪۣⲻòҹδ뻳⾿ǲǻȪۡ
һЩʿЩʿҹδ뿴һжŽ䱸Ŀ⡣ҹδֽĿƣǿûȪϽŻȪֻоſŹʵǾſùʵҹδЩЩΪʲôûȥժΪЩȪûг졣ǳɫҲԶˡ
ҹδ룬ҪȷһǲǻȪۣǣԼ뿪Щһ𣬺ٸһѹ̫󣬲֪ʲôʱ򣬾ͱһˡ
ǣôȷأ
ʣ˭أ
ҹδĿЩпȥ϶ЩˣΪҲûбˡ
Լʿƽʿ
ҹδ룬ȥƽʿȻЩԼԼһЩԼȥ磬Щ˻ϾͻΪԼΪԼȥƽʿЩоͻΪԼƽʿԼֵĿԾ͸Сˡ
Ȼҹδ벻Ȫ¡ԼȪЩ˭ʲôΪض֮
ҹδһʿһ磬Ϣкǿ֡ҹδٲǸʿȥʿϢ΢ĸرǱҹδǸƽʿɫ
ô˼
Լʿһ
ǸеķӦҹδҲɿЦھλлһ԰ȫľ룬ҹδ빰ֵ
λǰǻȪ𣿡
ҹδֻ⣬Ǵһֻû˿ɽ䱸ɫҲÿ
ǰǿҺúŪɵ
뵽ΧЩʿ뵽Ȫ治ںҹδͻǲǱ˱
аɣ
ȻԸװСҾ׬ˣŲ׬˵ͷ
СȪ۶ʶ
Χʿһ̵࣬Ŀⶼҹδ롣Ҫҹδ뱻гСĸ֣ʲôɫǾͲţһƽʿһƽʿСȴû뵽ҹδɫδģʼ磬ֵ
治ʶһֻǿϣ˵ǻȪǻȪӵԴͷֻҲûлȪӰ
̰Χʿҹδɫ˿ģһҹδмɵ
ǸƽУҲһû˲ɵˡΪɫģԼΪˣ֪ʲôʱͻһ¡ڸӼɵ֮£ǻشҹδ⣺
ȪǻܵģȪҲǻܵġÿȪʵʱ򣬻ȪͻҵȪۣȪֱۣʵ죬ȪۺͻȪŻһη롣


1002 Ȫ
ҹδˣЩϳҲСֻû뵽ֻȪ飬һϡ
Ȼ뵽˻ȪȪۣΪջȪҺɣ
ٴιֵǰѰһȪҺġȪ˻Ȫ۰ɣ
ݣβƺԼǰԳԼˡӦǼǺˡҪǷƽʱҲ塣һҪȪôһ˶ԼԼȪˡ
Ǵжҹδ޼ȴһ˿ЦݣҲƺҹδΪСˡͼģϣȪʱҹδԼ
λѣȪȪۣ϶ΪջȪҺҲȫգǶٻһЩ
ҹδٴԷʩȻʮ˾룬ɫƽǸȪ
ǻȪǲˣںԲȥռȪ۵ʱ䡣ȪջȪҺûȪ졣ԼȥռȪҺֹȪ졣Щʿ϶Լһ
ʲôʱѣ
Ȫ
ǲУ
ҹδ˲ͷͷһʼԼ϶ҲμӡͻЩлԼȪѵĳŻȪҺģ
ȪҺлȪã
ˣضджԼֻ̽Ҫ΢һ̽ͻ֪ԼһϵǸʱԼˡûбԭԼһϵܹûܣԼšΪܣЩҲץԼʣֱɱԼѻꡣ
ҹδ˺ܾãΪֻῪʼͽʱȥռȪۡ
ڼҲ϶ΣգԼȪźܴĿԱΪȪȪ֮ΣҪСһЩ
ʱ򿴿˵ɡʵڲУˣˡԼ뿪Щ֮ԼǸʱ򣬻Ȫ۹ƶò֪ȥѾ֪ܲҵ
ʱһȥҶĵĵȴܿͰ¹ȥˣҹδ뿴ϵľſùʵҪˣҲ졣һҲɽ
Լʱ䣬ǿͻȻһҹδδŹ㣬ٿǾſŻȪѾ˽ơ
ˣ
ܾģûȥҶ㿴ңҿ㡣ҹδվΧٸʿһξ롣ֳֻ֪ʱģһֱôȥչ̲סһ̲סһ˳֣ͻҵĻս
ȻֳŻûаӵʱ䣬ʹһšһƽĴʿٶȼټûãٸʿأƽʿնȪʮأĹͽǸƽʿûˣȻ󶼶һš⶷ȻңȴûκһܹȪʮ׷Χڡǿʮ׷Χڵʿӭʿֹ
ˣ
ҹδ뿴զ̬࣬ƣԼҿȪһԼͳˡ
ҪԼߣ
ԼҪˣ´δܹҵȪ
һԼʱ䣬ͲðΣˣԼ뿪ɣһºͣˣԼ
䡭
ҹδߣһʿͱӿдҹδǰңѪһˣ˶˹ȥҹδ룬̧һץ㽫Ǹʿץ˸ǰȻȡһ絤еʿʵ϶һֱֳһ˿עҹδ롣
˵šȻǾͿҹδǸʿбһ㡣
ʲô˼
Ȫˣ
Ҫʲô
һ£ЩʿҹδˣҲкôûȥҹδ룬ֻҪҹδ벻Ȫ
һ絤£ǸʿܿˡҹδվԼǰٸ֪һԼڵ״֪ҹδԼоɲ˾Լ
ʲôϲģ
Ҳֻѣһʵʮȥ˰˳ɣҹδǰNɪϰڳһмɫ
ڣ౦лǰ֮
ҹδڰֵһ⡣
౦ֳ֮ɫǰʡ
ǾŸȪժˣȪǲǻ뿪Ȫۣ
ǣ౦̵ͷֻиǿ־壬ôֻ֪ʶ֪
ǻȪˣȪǲҲˣ
ǣΪλȪȪ̫󣬻ʧһʱ䡣
ʧãҹδ뼱ˡ
ң
ңҹδһΪص飺ǲǻȪҺȪˣûлȪҺˣԣҪʱָ
ʱȷʵΪ˻ָȪҺڻȪӦûлȪҺֻϡ˺ܶ࣬Ȫյòˡ
лл
ҹδ벻Ǹ౦ˣüͷһвɱʿһȪۡһҧͷųʶŻȪ̽˹ȥʶ̽뵽Ȫڣ̱֯һ㣬·Ѳ˹ȥбһûпȪҺһҹδ뿪ʼʶŻȪ۵·Ѳȥ
ʮϢ֮ҹδһϲһŻȪָۣ״СԲơҹδ̽ʶǿŻȪҺؽȻʶǻȪҺƺͻȪʲôϵҵСһҹδʶ֮
䡭
ҹδһʼʶ֮ǿռ䲨ɾʹˡһӾ˿Щʿע⣬һҹδ磬붼û룬һƾҹδ˹
͵͵ʶժȪֹ
ҹδֲɵӣһֱעϷʿǸʿԼһ˹Ų̤ǲæҪһڴʿĹҲóȫôһӦԣ׽ȪҺ˴뾫ǻȪҺո뿪ȪۣҹδʶΪȫǸڵĹǻȪҺһˣ˲˻Ȫۣʧ
ҹδ뵱ŭˣ֪ʱԼŭԷһѹԼͱٲ׽ȪҺˣ˵ЩеĴȰԼˡҲȷʵŭԼòץһŻȪҺô
飡
ҹδҽڵһ壬ξһ֧һǸڼȥ
ҹδ벻ɵ
֪Լͨһͨͻ¶ԼϵϢԣԼııǴﵽƽء
˾벻Զƽӣֻ˲ҹδѾ嵽Ǹʿǰһȭ˳ȥǸʿڹҹδ֮Ҳҹδ룬Ŷأû뵽ҹδԽⲫַʽԼ
̫ˣ
ľһֱһ֮УһȭҹδӭȥҶҹδ˵Ľ䱸˶㣬ϱеǸ˺ԼһͷųۣһȭͷҹδȭͷȻһ
䡭
˲̶ۣļϣ߾ͷѵȻͼǸͬһŵһԶȥ
еϢһ˿Щһֱעҹδ룬ҹδһȭǸڴðо͸ȷˡ
ˣܲˣ
ҲƽڵģһЩƽڵĴзһġ
ֻ֮ĽֲûͣʱǵעֳݣһݷڶֵϣһݷڻȪǱߣصʿڼʿȪǱôȻһݾҹδϡ
飡
ҹδ˫˵ϣ̧ͷſеЩڼĴУнһģȻϳַŭ״ȵ
λѣĿľȡʮŻȪҺǸȪûȤȡʮţȥλѸӡ
䣬ҲеЩлӦʵҲܻӦһпжҹδ˵ʮţЩԼܾãװһȪҺʵĿ껹ǻȪԣ˵֮㿪ʼٴȥȡȪҺ
ڼû˴ҹδ롣ѾҵˣҹδܹȡȪҺߣҲһ֣Ͼҹδʵǿûоôҹδ룬Ƿֳһ˿עҹδ롣
౦뱨ϾҹδҹδһץȡȪҺ뻹ˣһԼᣬЩ˻ԼԼ뿪
ʹ뿪ǲġǾԶԶ£һЩ˶ܾˣԼһأ
ֿһҹδ룬Ϊҹδ뻤ɣҲǱ
ҹδ˳ȻȪҺˣ඼ȪˡܹҵģֻǷѵʱ䣬ؼҹδȡȪҺĹУ漤ĴûдɹһŻȪҺ
ȡƿŽ˽ȥȻʼӳʶٴ̽뵽ȪУѰһȪҺʶУں
û컯Ӧû˵ٶȱ죬С͵͵ǿŴȻһŻȪܣûɣ
Ӧû⡣
ھ͹ȥ뿪֮󡭡ʱɣʱ֮ȪΣ


1003 
У
ҹδȡ˵ڶŻȪҺȻ̧ӲУ䴹أС˵£ŻȪķȥ
ٶȿɱҹδץȪҺˣһСڳ棬һһһŻȪϣȻſﲻˣڹʵ·صĺܺáһҹδˣʼרĵĲ׽ȪҺ
ȪҺĺ٣˴ԼĸʱҹδץһšʱЩ˻ڴأҲʱµʿսսԽԽпᡣЩʿɲ֪ҹδ֮ǰ飬һϵץȪҺϿյЩʿûһЩûɵӣ֪ضԭҲûȥҹδ롣
ҹδ뽫ʮŻȪҺŽƿڣ˸ӡ౦ֵ
лѻ
ӦõģӦõġ
ˣһߣ£
¿౦ڨڨ
Уˣ
ҹδ౦֣౦ҲæֻȻҹδңңŸ߿еЩй֣ȻŲ̤ǲ˲ʧˡ
˻ɴడ뿪ˡеĴжҪһʶӳȥҹδ뻹ûӰˡ
ҹδأһӰԶؾͺϵѾͷȪˣ
һƽ磬ҹδͣûأء
ಣǸƽʧˡ
ҹδһ·ϣͱסΣƽСû˶֣ȥȪ˷һ˿ʱ䡣
ҹδʱΪѰһȪ˷˺ܾõʱ䣬뿪ʱֱڣٶȼ죬ʱʱ䣬ص˻Ȫ£һݣڵر
䡭
ر֮ϣֲ
ҹδѸٵؾ뿪˾ڣȻѰһطϥеȴȫģҲᱻ֡
ȪǱߣʱʱȥЩûһһŻȪ˲ʿȥȪʱ򣬱Ⱥ
ţ
ЩȻڼҲעǾſûȪ
ǡ
ôͻȻһţ
Ȼͼһǹ⣬Զȥ
̫ˣ
ûǴзӦһǹʧˡ
䡭
һ£ЩҲƲסԼˣԼĵƶԥͷųսһӱ쳣ҡ
ûȥ׷
һ棬׷ϡڶ棬׷ˣδشùǸȪˣ棬߻Ű˿ء
ԣûȥ׷ɱذ
ҹδϥУܼغϣȻһתͷ˻Ȫķһǹ˹ֱײҹδʶҹδ뵱뿪뿪˷棬ųڵķȥֱ˵ĵطŽ뵽֮Уֱڶȥ
ռڣǿŻȪȡһӡһ
У
ڿԳΪһĳŵӣȥˣȻܿϵؼܹϵҲ߰ԼͿԿϵĴˡ
λȥȰŻȪˣʲôЧ
͡
ھڰ֮ͣҹδ뽫Ȼȥ뵽ţֱ·;гͨ裬Ϊûʶҹδ룬ҹδЩ꣬˱չأͲšҲǵһٸʶҹδ룬ʿʶҹδ̫ˣҲû˺ҹδк
ʦ壬񡣡
κʦ̧ͷһҹδ룬¶˾֮ɫˣ

ôܣҿ
ҹδ뽫ƿݸκʦ壬κʦӹƿһɫ𾪣
ǡǡôɵģȪǱ߲ǳֻȪܶƽ綼ȥ𣿡
ҹδѾ׼˵ǣͷǰÿɼˡ
ôŪģ
ʦӻȪеһЩ˵ĶԻһΧ˹ҹδûмʶģǼʶĶͬһߣʱҹδߣ
δ룬ȥȪˣ

ǱȪˣ

κʦų̀Ҷҹδ뼱æκʦ͵
Щжڿд˭Ҳӽ˻ȪۿеĴʿҪ嵽ȪǱȪȻ󱻼ٸһ𹥻ʬ嶼û£ˡ
һ󾪺һִеĽʢһж¶֮ɫôģ
ҲҿȪȥȥˣܵ԰ɣҪǾôˣǰȥҾͶԿеЩ˺ҾȡʮŻȪҺģȡߡȻҾԶԶʶȥȡЩôңԣȡͻˡ
ΧһƬҶؿҹδ룬ôôأ
κʦͷһƿʮŻȪҺƿ̾Ϣһ
δ룬㵨ӿЩʿһƣܹ㡣
Ҿԣû뵽Ĳϡôҡˣʦ壬ŵȥ𣿡
ȥˣֻžǱ̫ԶǵõϢٵǱߣҲ֪ЩȪǲǶˡˣпŵʿ𣿡
ҹδҡͷҲʶŵЩʦ壬ûпŷεˡ
ǾǻûеߵʱЩȪʣ
ڡ
κʦ¶һ˿ϲɫ˵ü
κʦ壬ҿЩʿƽ磬ôû컯
Ȫն˥ģʿһͻ컯ܹն˥ͲҪʲôȪԣȪֻƽһµʿá
Ŷκʦ壬˰ɣ
ţ϶ˣƸҡڿʼĳͷĨȥˡҪڶʧˡԺδĻˡ
֪ллκʦ塣
κʦ彫Ƶݻҹδ룬ҹδδ룬ߣǾ۾ۡ
ã֪ͨһëʦ֡
ҲҼˣߣȥҵĶ
һʮ죬ҹδμ˲ٵĽᡣҹδëöɲͬһĿʿֻԿʿһЩ鷳֪ѵҪԣԼҲǳŵˣýһҪȻҹδʲôܽʲôͨʲô˲ܽоͷǳˡ
ʮ죬ҹδԼδҲһļƻ
ǸȪڳԡڽϣұضҪʵһ⣬ǻȪ飬ϾǶûмҹδ뻹Ŀ˼ٸҹδڽ֮࣬Ҳͨѯʣ֪˻Ȫʳ֮һЩЧ
ն˥֮⣬ʿżΪҪЧ
ն˥Ƕʱ䣬Ϊոն˥ʿڼ伫Ϊͺñһ˯ˣѵһʱ䣬ԴΪһ㡣ȥһʱ䣬ûЧ
ԣҹδ׼ȲԻȪȥŲؼȻڷʳȪһʱ˵ܹܳĺ
ʵϣĺѾ繦ܳˣֻǸоƷôϾǼ繦ƷҲһ㡣ýλȪЧܲһƷһЩ
ǣҪ鼮ҪĻ֣ҹδϿûʲô֡ԣҹδҪ׬֡׬Լ򵥣Ҫ뿪ʲôͿԡҹδ׼һӽֻܹʡÿһؼҪȥ׬ȡּ֡ϣʿûʲôô
׼絤ԼĲҩȻ񣬴ȡҩСԼЩҩڷڼٶҩˡǧҩ䣬ƳĵҩƷ˵ܹƷֵʹȥˡҹδƵҩÿһ¯ҩϽ񣬻ȡ֣ܹʣһЩҩЩҩԼˣԽëöȥԼ׬ȡɾ
ԼһʮΪڵȻʼƳƽⵤһܹɹƽⵤԼɵʦļɵʦھŴ󳬼Ҳ࣬˵ҲʮһԼĵλˡ
ԼʿӪͷӪҲԼ̫ԡ
ʮԼӦܹĻ֣Ȼڲ󣬽ÿؼ꣬ǷʳȪˡ
ҹδȥëöɣ˵Լļƻδʮ꣬ëöɾͱȥʲôѳʱˣÿһ£ȥԼ޵ȡһεҩëöɵȻʹĴӦ
ʮʱΪʿ̫ݣǸҹδҩȴܹܳδԴ
ҹδչԼԼʲôͬģ
ҹδչˡ
տʼݷҹδ룬ӪͷӪĶУǻûз£ҹδ˼Ͼ£һɵʦԼ̫ˡëö׬ǷɾԼ׬ˣ
ȻҹδչˣһȻжҹδҲз顣
һϵʿʲôģ
һɵʦ
ٶء
ҪΪʿӺù
ǿëöÿ¶Ųٵĵҩۣвʿ۶ˡҪҹδ


1004 
ҹδÿҲֻǴڳһΡĿһȥҩȻȡ¸µĲҩһǽʣµĵҩëöɣëöҲϸҩɾҹδ롣
Щۺʿҹδʱǲȥŵġ
һǺܸӵģкܶȦӡ
ͱڣķֱӪͷӪӪУкܶȦӣʦȦӡȦǱŵġԵһɵʦһɵʦ㲻һɵʦĴšĹ涨ġ
ⲻһʦţʦأͷء
ԣҲֻеȣҹδ
ⲻҹδһΧһȺʿ
ҹʦã̸̸
ҹʦãǾ۾ۡ
ҹʦãʦģȥһˡ

ҹδվҵſڣЩˣǽʣµĵҩëöɣëöҲϸ³۵ɾҹδ롣ҹδŹֵ
λʦʦ㣬һҪȥھǱչûʱ䣬λ¡
Ȼȥ
Щɫһ㣬Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ҹʦãȵȡ
ҹʦãҿǴʦġ
ҹʦãҲʦӡ

ҹδûӰˣЩʿٶȻǱȲҹδ롣Ƕ֪ҹδȥĶһֱ뵽㿴ҹδ룬ֻΧҪڣҹδɫҹδɲǺƢǡ
λѾ˵ˣҪҪϡλҪΪҡ
ǣʦ㲻ܲɣ
ʦڶڵ㡣
ûʱ䣡ҹδ䵭˵
ҹδ룬Ϊ˭ûʱ䣬ѵʦʱ䣿
ǣʦæ
ҹδľҲֻǵؿһۣЩûشԼȥѾЩˣǲݡʲôһܹͷ飬Լ˵ʲôʺϵĻǾ͵ˡ
ʿرӵģرǴʿԣҹδ뻹أտڲԡʱ򣬲˵ʲôᱻ⣬Ϊվûȥ
κʦЦǺǵؿţͷǿ졣ܿͽҹδϽĵҩ꣬ҹδ˻ֽ֣ҹδҪȡĲҩݸҹδ룬ҹδٲȥ
ҹδ룬㲻ߣϽȥʦ
ҹδͲ˵ŽԼΧûһ˿϶ʿȻһͷųĻͬһԼ⣬ٲȥת׵صԼǰʿһѾʧĴš
ҹδ룬Ҷҳ֡
ಡ
Щ׷⣬ѾرգһҲֻܹƿڴȴȥǴš
Ÿҹδֿʼרĵ
ʿҲ֪ҹδǵʮϢҵĴţָ
ҹδ룬ţ
һܻ뿪ˣеȥǵʦʦ㣬еȥʦʦ㱨еȥԼʦ㱨
ܿ죬ڳھһڲʼЩһЩʿ磬ڵڲȡ
ƽ⣬Щ飬ܹΪƽʿѾŵĸ߲㣬۽Ѿòͬ
ҹδŰ
ǺҪʿˡ
ǲǺҪʿĵӱѵһ¡
ôѵſܵһɡ
ɻ治ҡǲ˽ҹδ룬ҵ΢˽һЩҹδ뼸ŴţһţǱչأҲûʲôѣһʿֿʿ㻹ҵʲôͷ
ûʲôѵġÿʮ궼ǿ𣿶ŰʲôʲôǸһΣյģ֪֪ôһΣȻΪʲôʧܣԺͶˡ
͵ý¡
취У
취ã
ãȥһ⼸궼ʲô񣬳ɹٴΣʧܶٴΣǲܹ֪Ȼ񡣡
УǶšȥһϣ֪ܿ
κʦϣŹ̨ǰһЩӹǸģǽġҲǶҹδȤΪѾͷӼʮ꣬ǸͷȻôһעȻѾͷʵǿʲôܹɣˣÿҹδǰŻдҹδ롣
ҹδδȻһ磬ȴ֪ԼһӾһˡύҹδδǱֻкôûл
κʦ壡۾κȺüͷ˭Լ
۾һʦܵĵӣϵʲô飿
κʦ壬ʦһҹδϡ
κȺֻƬ̣è壬вмغһ˵㣬ҴӦҵҪЩж಻Ҫ
ԸӽϸˣʱĹȥκȺɫر
Ҫϵ̫ˣÿһҪϵĵӱ󣬶һʿ
ôʿѹס
ʱһڣЩʿȴüͷɫκȺѿ
ôܣ
ҹδ뾹Ȼһûʧܣ
㿴ɵ񣬶ǺϵʿĶˡ
бЩѵ𣿡
͸ˣȻʮλȪҺ񡣡

ͷʹඣ
ҪһΪҹδ̫ඣܲһҹδɣ
Ų
ҵһ񡣡һʿڵ
ʲô񣿡
ûʲôΣյҹδ룬ǿԵСһʿУҾøһΣյҪӡ̡
ҼǵöһԪʮϡĵطȥפءԶţĵ伮ÿʮһǿǾһֱǿڶ
ãȥضȽʮ꣬ʮ󣬽Ϊʲôȥضԭһֱڶڻжޣ
߰꣬߰ԻܴУܴеʱűꡣǿԼȥضΪǧǿ񡣡
Ǿôˡ

κȺһѹסӪͷӪʩѹȻҲûв£ҲֻǲᣬһκȺ룬ĶһȻ̾Ϣһɵ档
һ¹ȥҹδҵĴţɫһ㶣ԭΪһȺԼʿȴֻëöһˡ
ëʦ֣һˣ
ţëöüͷҲòҰˣûд
ҹδͷܵظоȴҲ⣬ëöɽһ£Ȼȥ߽̨ǰһЦŵͷǸӺЦӦȻתͷϵκȺ
κʦ壬ҹʦˡ
κȺ۾̤̤شͬʱʶҹδ򵥵˵һ顣ߵ̨ǰѾ˵ˡʱǸѾߵһԣʼȥӴˣκȺֽӹҹδ뽻ƿһ߼飬һ߼ʶ
һЩֽţʮǰˡĻʮͲȥˣ¸ʮͱȥˡϵ¸ʮĩʮѾȥһ꣬ʣ¾ꡣ¸ʮ꣬ǰһ궯ǰҲоꡣҲ˵ʮʱ䡣㿴ܲ취ʦҲܹæˡ
лʦ壡ҹδʶɫЩжκȺĸм
¸µĲҩҹδ뿪ҷȥصңҹδû˼
κʦѾ˵˺취ûУ
У
ԼʿݣһӪǸӪԡһˣԼͽضôӦܶ಻ƽΪһū㲻ΪūҲռԼʱ䣬ԼС
϶С
ԼֻΪ׬ֺɾΪһ;
ҹδֿʼ˼ȥô
ȥһ£ҹδ룬ȡһѶ񽣣ǵӡȻѶϢ
ܿ죬Ǿ͵ˡ
رҵĴţϯضҹδʣǱߴߴ˵
ҹʦ㣬ɣ
ţ֪ˣ
󲿷ֵӲ֪״Ӳ඼֪ˡ㻹ûɣ
Ҳ֪
ٺ١
ҹδˣԼһһעšκʦΪ˸ԼףҲ˲˼жκʦӵظм˼ҸȥһκʦҪʲôԼԵɺϣܹͰκʦŪ
һ룬ԼȥˣκʦҲ˵ȷŷŰɡ
ǣ˽һ¶
ʹʦˣʦ˵ĺϸڶǱߣǸûԪΪϡܴǳڣڶϷʮˮͭѾھھ


1005 ͹
ҲƽʱǹӶڿÿʮ꣬ɵʿȥھĿʯߡ
أûʲôΣգҲûʲôѵġżһЩˮɱ˾ˡΧûʲôǿˮپżҲʿȥ֪ǳڵʲҲûв۵ġУɱ˾ǡ
ģʿȥˮͭ󣬲ֵá
ȱڶ޷رǶֺϵԲҪǿȣԪϴʶҪؾֻҪл֡ڶȫûܡ
ʦ˵ķ߰ꡣҪ֪߰Ĳܴˡһʿ߰ʱ䣬Ӧþ壬Ԫʶͻĳ̶ȡ֮߰ǵõУͿԿʼԪ񣬼̶ٵģ֣硣ȻҲҪһĹ̡Ͼ߰ơ
һ
ܴĿܣʼЩʿͻ綼üѡԴô࣬Щʿ߰꣬ͰһԴϷָɾˡǿʿûбûԴ;üΪѡʾѣһͣںϵԲҲϡ档Щ飬˾Ǵˡ
ڻûнǲڿǼĸɽ壿
ҾҹʦôǶԵģһɽ壬˱һܹڵ⡣
ҹδͷֺһǸȥҹδָëöɴѶҲԼһ£ܽһ֮ԡȻëöɴĹڶϢ˵һ
ҹδ֪Լ¾ʱˣ㿪ʼϸ˼
ûΣգʱ⡣壬Ԫʶҹδ벻⡣ҲûΪﵽҪʶԪˣڻƷԪȻ֪Ԫʲô磬һŵĹԼӦڵģԪͱǿȶﵽƽأȫҪ
ҹδȱľǴУ紫ǱˣǺϵҲа
ҹδ룬ԼȥƺûʲôáҶ㿪Ӫ֮徻ֻڲˣȥڵĺϵжҪ򣬾ͼȻԼȥ˶
û£ûΣգ徻һĺõط
ҹδ˾ңֱҲʲôжֻⷽġһʱһ飬в̾볬һû̫ˡ
зĴоͳһǧ֡
ЩҹδҪ¼ģЩǲ︴Ƶģֻ￴ҪﱳһǧУǲܵġҹδ͵͵ơ
Ƕడ
תлھСֻص䣬ۣܻ㡭
ҹδûֶһת
ʱҹδԪϥڱڣԪΧһѿհҹδһĶתԪһ߽ת͵հڡ
ʵϣǲģһ֣൱
ҹδ벻ģûֻǽЩںϡԼɹҲֻҪԼЩдڸˣ㲻й¶ûΣա
ת֮ҹδ۾Ϊܵ˴Լ֮ҹδȻ۾оǿϲ֮ɫ
תȫǲбȱϵĴСԼжȷԼ׬ˡ
ֶһһУ֮ѾȷⱾҲˣһǧִжǲб⽫ϴӴĨȥֻϵСȫӦڲһ㣬Ҫʸܹá
ȻҲֻǺϵУ紫Уҹδʲô˵ģ
ΪÿһжǳĴУĴζųϵˡûкĴУȴѭҹδ벻ܽĨȥĺܹܳγɵϵ̫ණ
ҪǣĴвһ֣һǧ֣һǧֵĴжǹеģÿһж硣һǧִΪУͬͬԴҹδ뽫Щеÿж羡ܵϵȻһǧϵ໥໥ںϣżĿԣܳе繦Ʒ͡ٽЩںϵԼУ˵ҪõУԼͿģͻˡ
Ǵﲻ̶ȣ߰Լõ紫Уǵһͻ磬㲻ǵһҲǵһԲᱻ¡
ȥ߰ʱ䣬֪Լġ
ҹδ˷ˣȥԼȫǺ£ûһ
һǧִУһԼܹꡭ
ҹδһ٣Щкܿ죬ǻֲ̫ˣϵҪĻϹˡ
ã
ȸưɣȻһµƣȻٻȥƽ絤ͲˣԼᣬҪʱϰ̫˷ʱ䡣絤ɡ
ҹδ뿪ʼһߣڲڸƴСһȻӲЩעĴСһɫǺܺÿΪҹδ֣׼ȥˡ
ڶķʱ䣬ҲЭ
Ǿҹδڶɣ
ðҹδ뵱һͣеĵһءЩӶЩη
һΰȥҹδڽһǧִиڼ仹ȥһΣ˵κȺ׵
ҹδ벢ûȥȻȥʼƺϵĸֹеͨЩܹ뵽Ԫڣ̶ԪƷġ
ȥֻˣҹδڽԼҪͨϡҲ׬ȡ˴ɾ
ҹδصԼĶ׼죬ȥȻǰ
ڶԼԴ֪ԼĽơ˶⣬վ档
ǣ
ҾͲȥˡȡһеݸҹδʦҽġʦҽ֮󣬾ͻȥҹʦ㣬һȥˡ
ãټ
ţǷʧҹɫС
ҹδصеУŷӡӡǺǿϵͿԽ⿪Ž⿪ӡָ֪ơ
ѵǻˣ
ҹδ뽫ս˴ָǰ˶ţվһʿ
ʶ
ҹδҲ⣬ԭԼͲʶٳڵʿʵ
ʦܣ
Цеҹʦ㣬Ĺŵӣʦ͸ġҾͲˣҹʦ㣬ǡ
ʩһ񣬱תȥҹδͷһеУضϴţصԼңзϡڸҲŷӡҲǺϵʿܹ򿪡룬ȴϼӵУһʶ̽룬ԼһӺֳ֮ɫ
һУоһֱܹ컯ĴУƷϼԣõģŹԷ
ҹδ˵ȻΪҪܴĶ¡Ƿôȥˡ΢΢̾ϢһִУʱڵĶѾ²⣬Ȼһʶ֮̽ȻҲһУƷֱܹ컯Ҳãڳڡ
ҹδһʱͿʼϼΪʲô͸ԼôĹڳҲӦǶҹδã߰󣬴пʼԼţԼܹõôУҲǺ¡
ĹϼΪʲô͸Լ
˴ԼаӣҹδǷһ˿Ц
ҹδ֪Ӫ֮Ÿ߲ݵģΪ˸ʿѹʿϵԼҲһֿڷΧ֮ڵĴַпҪܶࡣĴַ
ȻſƷΧűǿʿǿʿȻ츳ԾѵĵвͨĵӣŸ߲ںίҲǶ츳Ծѵĵӣſ϶һıһԴб
ҹδ츳Ծѵĵ
ҹδԼ飬֪Լ㡣һǶ֡
һһһʿ˶ʮëöɸǳȥִʱġкܶ˲ֹһʧܡδʧֵĲʮҹδ⼸˵֮һ
ʣҹδ⼸˱ضܵЩеĹעرҹδ룬ʮɳǱ߻ս¥֣ɱʿ飬ҲĲεʿ̫˽⡣һ֮ϼ컯УҪ˽⣬ܡ
ټϴɵĻȪҺ񣬹ϼӶҹδѾһƲ⡣Ǳҹδı壬ԪʶѾﵽͻĻֻӦûƲ⵽ҹδѾԪ


1006 ǰ
ʱ䣬㽫壬ԪʶͻǶˡˣҹδչ˺ԴбҲͲʲôˡ
ҹδѾףЩʿŸԼΣյſ϶֡ûв֣ΪûΣգһƲ⵽ҹδѾ꣬װ֪չˡ
ԴбԴб
ֻǷˣҹδЦԭ
ƫƫҹδ뼫ΪҪģֲܾܾ
ˣ
Ƿ˾Ƿ˰ɣԺˡô˵ھԺԼļˡ
ںϼҹδԳ˲СĹС
׬ȡһЩ֣ȻȥһһЩ̣֮ģˣȥһЩĴУ˶ԼѧԼʱ䣬Ǿóһʱ׼ɡ
һҹδȥȡκʦ忴ҹδ̾ϢһҹδҲ˵ʲôֻǰκʦ壬Ҳίëöɴһ¡κʦڵ۷ΪҪ˵ҲͻƽϣԲ˵ˣԽԽ࣬״ָˡͻˡ
ҪκʦҪһٵĶһԵĶڶûСҹδС
ҹδ뿪ˣûгأ뿪ŵڣԼҪǳȥ̫ˣҹδ벻뱩¶ԣֻҪ;
߱ϾǴţŷվŷۣһվһվĻˡҹδվڼװϣƲƲ졣
ɽأһûС
Ҳǰⶼɽˣôûдѵɽķͬ贫Ҫ̫ߣ
ˣˣ
һվһվػˣ˼η֮󣬷ϵʿҹδ붼ʶˡҹδҲǸˣʶ˲;ϵʿЩʿ֪ҹδԳڣҹδ붼˺ܶ࣬ҲԸύҹδ롣ÿһηۣʶһʿ֮󣬴ҶҪٰ켸Сͽᡣ
ЩҲǷֲεģ£ʲôΪʿ۳һȦӡϵʿٰĽμߣǺϵʿٰĽᶼʿвͬʿ
ҹδΪǿԵǲμ˼ʿĽᡣҹδûʲô֮ǰеԴ˾ŹڡǹġЩ꣬Ҫ˵ҹδӵʲôǾ
һɾ˼ĵҩȷʵ׬˲ɾɾⷽ潫Щʿ٣˾Ϊ׬áϵɾۺϳƷɾ㳬һڡ
һڿƷɾ൱һƷɾһƷɾ
ǣҹδӵеĲҩǾС׼ˡҹδӵеĲҩǺģڶֲŲҩݶӽˡƷֻȫ˵ЩҩҲǱˡ
ȻֱֱɽҲڶġǾռڵ
һڶҺԪһźһ״ں£ԻɽʿķһװҺʶı͸ˡҹδǾԲóġ
ҹδ᲻ã̫ͷԣҹδμӵĽᣬֻǻЩҩһЩҽĴΪޣöνᣬҹδ붼ֻǿûнΪûҹδ뿴ϵĶ
Сɽ
ء
´ڡ
̾һŵгҲɫ㲡
ǹ峤һС塣ΪߵľǹޣϵԲԭҲʿֻʮǰˡҲγ磬ķ˼ԴûһγɹҲСԵʵ޷ıʵ
Сɽ塣һǹңһҡʵ൱һ档ദ
ǵ֮󣬾ͱˡҲû̶ԹҴɱ䣬ϾҾû棬ۺʵҲ͡ԹҿսȻܹҸˣҲʧ
ĸ治ǹģܹʧԼʵõġԣҿʼĲʳҵѹҲֻвãָΪӮʱ䣬ùͻ磬ĻҵĽҲ͹ȥˡ
ǣһͻʧˡʮ꣬ùҵԴʧȥһ룬ۺʵѾ̫ࡣѾо򹬼ҶֵѾԶˡͻʧܴ˺ոպתһټ顣޿ŴڵЩֵܣ̾Ϣһ
λͻûϣˡԤҶֵʱղԶˡ
峤ǲԴУܵ취ɣ
ʲô취Ψһİ취ǽһЩ徫Ӣ͵͵ߣǹһѪ
Ҳûа취޿ڣ˵Ŀһӻڹ޵ϡ
峤а취
̾ϢһǲˣǹҵȱԾŹķߣ
峤˼ǣ
ȥʮɳǣŹɡ
⡭ǹҷѾȥˣǹѾܾúܾûк;Źϵˡʱȥ˼һǣҲ֪ǵʵ
޵ܵԡɣ
ǹ޵ĵճӣ츳൱ԪԲΪվ
ף
ȡһ˹ȥΪһţҹ͵͵뿪ǰʮɳǣѰҾŹ硣ȡ﹬ҡӵеԴҲ֪ܴӦӦԴҪ˻ŲҪ
ǣף

峤
ѡʮ徫Ӣӣҹ͵͵뿪ȥߺǰɡﻹмһ̣ȥ֮취
ǣݡ
ҹδһϳûʲôջûϵģվڼװϣƴ
䡭
ңԶ˺һʿ۷ڳվڼװϣԶң
û˿־壬۵һ۷壬⴬ϻĸ磬ʮϵɵ֣ҲǴɵ֯һɵᱻȺ˷ɱ١ԣһ²ңš
ȻǾͿһʿӣʿ׷Ȼжֳʧ֮ɫʵʿʵһ㡣
ӵǸֻлԪԲ׷Ǻϵһءʵ̫ˡŶ񫡣Ǹ׷ɱĻԪԲˣֻƴӣżһ£ҹδ뿴ϵһصĴ̫һ㣬ǸԪӦˡǸԪ൱ʵ츳
ţ
ĵؿŵҹδͻȻרעԭǸߵĻԪһ̳Ȼռһ飬Ч׷ĺϵһء
Ǵ̿ս
̿սǷӹ̵ĵƾҲǾŹǾŹ˵ľ֮һͨ򵥣ɽҲ򵥣Ʒͨҹδ벻΢΢ü֪̿սɽҲдУֻھŹǡ
ǣǾŹǵĺأ
ͷӹйϵأ
ҹδˣֵԭܼ򵥣ʵʿ̫ͬһ˼Ҽ̣һŸ߿һ㡣
¶
ҹδ봩˷۵ķ֣Ȼϵһͷһпռ䣬㽫ϵһ档ȻĿǸԪԲʿǸԪԲʿǹ͵͵뿪Сɽֱ֮ʮɳǡȴڼӹҡҹ뿪Сɽ㼱æȻұɳϵһ׷ɱ
ʱҲͣȻоɲȴǹʩ񣺡лǰ֮
Źǣ
ҹδ³֣۲ŹûзӦҹδͻ뿪˭˭ҹδʲôϵ
Ź֣ɫһ̶ǿϲǰǾŹ磿

綼гˡҹδһӾȷ¡
һ⹬ȷʵ֪ŹǣǲǾŹǺ˵ڶǹ鷳ˣľϲͰ
;Źʲôϵҹδ뻹Ҫ
ǰ湬ȻǾŹǷߣ˼ҵĺ
ҹδͷµùˡš
ҹδһۣʱˣǸʿҲվڼװϿ֣Ұ۸ͣȫ·;ϵȤ
ǰ飬Ҿˡҵг̡
ҹʦãҪæʿڣϾҹδǳڵӣΪ̫ܰæύһ£ûл
лλˡֻС£ˡ
ҹδ빰֣Ȼٴ뿪ۡҹδͷûɶֿɿˡ۱˲ϢԶȥ
䡭
ϵһػƴغпռ䣬ҹδѾٴ˹ǰ
ô¶
ǰ
ǿһпռ䣬ʿںأпռȴûһ˿ζɷͬʱҲҹδ뼫Ϊ壬ؿʼ˵ʼĩ˵֮󣬿ҹδ
ǰǾŹǵķߣ
ţ


1007 
ͨ͹ˣǰȾȹҡ
ɣҹδһӣһ͵㽫Ȼָпռһ㡣
ꡭ
пռ飬пռȫ֮ϵһصʿѾʳ࣬һء
ȥɣȥҡ
ԣŵȻͷǰ
ҹδͷ͹СӹĽѾ֪Ҳֻһ磬ҲֻһڣһֱͻƵڡʿܹۡʵ磬ҹδ빹˿вԣҹδžȥСɽ﹬һѡ
ֵ飬ҹҲǾŹһ뵽ŹĽһԤ롣
㷽˵ҽʮӢˣ
ţɫ䣺ǰ˼ǡ
ܹ׷ɱ㣬ͬʮӦ׶༪ˡ
Ȼսȭͷ˫Ŀ졣
Ҫ̫࣬ɽпᣬΧڵ顣ָһ·ҴߡҿѾʼԹҶˡ
ֳ֮ɫ
򣡡
Ǳߣ
ҹδһӣһԪס˹壬һ̤ǲ˲ʧԭء
ֻǰʱ⣬ҹδһͣȵؿСɽԼգҹδʱͻˡ
ȥɣǴ󷽷ȥң
ã
һͦŵȥȻڽֵϣԼļȥ
ң
´ڡ
أһƮѪȵζڴϣڷʮһͷʮһͷĿǹʮ徫Ӣͷɱˣ󷽷͵ҡ
ЩжףôΪ˴ҵʿɿֻšˣԹҶֵʱ򣬹ʮʵӲɣܹСȡʤ
ȻܹѹŵÿʼǾ͸ˡӳһɱһҶ
峤ʮӶˣ
̾ϢһҲֳģڹƻû£ͷˡڲǵ飬Ҫһ취
峤ô죿ҾҪˣû£Ҳˡ
һеӵǣ׼Ӧսɡ
ԣӦսһ
䡭
ȻһҵŵһӴվ־ͷͷ
Ҷˣ
ߣ
޴ҴҵȥҲ׷׽
Ĵϣҹδ벻ǰУšǵ߾ʿʬ塣
˿˹вɲ졣ǿ֪Լҵλϵȥ׷ɱˡˣԼҵϵȴûӰˡʣҹδһƸˡ
ϿźܶˣΪֵԵ̣ҵġԭڹҵ̣Ҳˡ̱ҵؿ񱼶ȥʣµҵӣҹδһһϵԪһǰҲҳȴǷŭضҹδ롣
ҹδôЩˣҲЩ˵ҲֻˣЩ֮ģ󲿷ֶҹӶıϵˡԼֲַܲȫɱˡ
ಡ
˷ȴǹЩˡ˰գǹʱ򣬱㼱ææط˹


ôˣ
λҹδҹǰǾŹǵʿ
ɫһ㣬̶ϲݼҹǰ
ҹδڰ֣ĿǰȥҵѾͿԣҲֻǺϵ
޿ϲһȴˡ
˭ɱӵܣʱһȴӿ𡣱ʮӰ߷æ
ҹǰǰľ峤ϵԲ
ûҹδһüͷ
ûУ
ҹδͷȻָ罣ڰУ߸ʮϵʿһָ
ϣ
⻹ҹδһνǽΪнͷţ˲һ壬Ȼÿһٻ壬ٻ
һֺĽӱʮϵʿȥ
Ȼ󡭡
ڹ޵˵УʮϵʿͱѪ꣬䵽˵ϣһࡣ

ѻȸ
޵ˣнֵԵʿϵĵӣͣ۵Ĳš
һҺɽչص档
Ȼ˫Ŀһ̫ǿˡǿЩļ¡Ҵҳ˶ᵽ˳Ѫζ
𣬱ҹδǱ߷ȥ
ԴӹСɽ죬û˿Ĺ˼ɣֱǱ߶ʱ̵ֵʿ棬ʱͿ
棬峤ˡ
ҹδ뿴棿
ǣǰӵع
ʱҲԼҵӵĿߣʱɱݺ᣺˭
ȻĿ˹ߣ˭أ
ˡ
ͷų磬Ź޺ҹδ˹ҪЩ˶ԼĽڣȻȫɱ
飡
ҹδҽȻڵһ壬ͳһӣҹδͬһһӭŶԷĽ˹ȥ
䡭
ҹδ˶ԷĽ磬Ȼһȭ˳ȥ
¡¡
һС磬ǽٳҹδһȭͽ䱬ˡ
ۣ
ǿк˽磬ʿ˺̫ˡʱѪ
͡
ҹδͷ˳ȥ
ָ
һӾͱг룬ʬڵϡ
ٴμžȻҹδ뵭
ڣǰڡ
ɱɡֻɱңҪɱ޹
һ񣬶ʱҲ˹æߺ
ҵɱҡҪ˺ˡɱ
ɱ
޿ˣŹʿʼ׷ɱҡǹվҹδԡȻС
ǰȥҼɡ
ţ
ҹδͷʶѾСɽºɨһ飬ռݾԵƣҲûصĸ֣ȫġ
ڵ´˵´ʵϾһһЩӡҹδλϣҹδҲûпʵΪ磬̫˼в
ڵĹҹδɱ棬жҹδѾǹˣǾηڵҲֻ֪ҹδǾŹ磬ȻɶҲ֪ˣֲʣ˲֮󣬾ʵʵ
ҹδҲţ֮ǰĲִ٣Ҳֻǽ˹ҵĴţҹδϸ޲ýԼ֪Ķ˵ϵĶ֪Ļ治࣬ԣ˵˴ӣεڹ޻ˣùһڴ
ʵϣڶҵΧ˻ûɣҲʣһϺףмЩ˾͹ˣȻнҸҵЩҪҪҲûҹδҪԣ޿Ѷ֮󣬱ҴҸϻһţҹδʩ
лҹѳȡ
ɡҹδ뵭
лѣ
һҲûоҹδȵռȻ֪ҹδҲֻһϵԲԼһ˼ʵܹġؾصȴҲ
ΪΣ
ҹδȵռĻҵռȥˡȻûҹδ룬Ҳˣڲû
˵˵ңŹ˵òϸҹδ
ã
޿ʼţҹδüͷ޽֮ҹδ벻
ûк͵ɳǾŹǱϵ
ţε̫Զˡ
ҹδüͷһˣǺ±Ź߿ƬҵȻռԼҲӹ˵ڸ½гֵĻ١м㵭һЩʱ򣬹޿ҹδɫ䵭һҲֵ
ҹѣˣɳǱߣǾŹΣ
İ˰ɡҹδһ£Ͼ磬ĵظǽһЩŹڵɳǵ顣
ڵľŹ羹Ȼڵɳð˷޺͹һ㡣ǿ֪ҪڵɳðһжôĲסȻڵĵɳǾŹֻˣȴ磬һѡ
ҹѣȥ
ǣ񣬰׷ɱϳĴ̿ս
޵ĵؿ˹Ȼʶû£һæ˵һ飬޼æվҹδʩ
лҹѡȻ·˾ĵҹѾСɽɣԺСɽΪ
ҷ˵ˣ񡣲
Զԣĸţʲô񣿿ҪҰæ
ǰæڳڣ

˶ŴͣͿϲ˼Ҷǳڵˣ϶Լҵҹδ˹ңǽԵֻ֣ҪҽסҹδĴȣҾһбļˡ
޿һ۹бһҹѣǣ
ȥһʱ䡣


1008 
۾һҹѣɷߣЩС£ҲΪ㴦
ҹδ뿴˹һεؿԼ룬һ˸ԼߣԼһЩƽС£Լ˲鷳Լʱȥ򡣱ͷ
аɣ
޴ϲҹұϯȻҹδǳڵӵϢͱʶɢ˳ȥҹδ벢ϲԣڶŹ뿪ˡͽȥһǳأȻһۣŶķȥ
˲ϵػˣº󣬵ǡһҺŶʻȥ
һʿٳĺߣûʲôĺ;ٵ죬´ģϴģĸ£ҹδڵ˶
ڶʿ̺ҹδ뽻񣬾ϴ뿪ˡһ̶
һֱҹδߵĹһĴ㵣û뵽ҹδԪŨȣ⻹ô
ҹδ뵹ǲںʱڴڣܹܣҲǶĸϸĻ㱨
ڶֻһʿκڷʿǶʿѡһЩʿΪԼ
ԪѷΪߵҲֻ۶һܵûСκڷһ۶ʿ»һЩˣϽڿˡڿҲǶ
κڷĻ㱨ںκڷͬ£˰ʱ䣬ʮһ顣ѾڿˡҹδԲ鿴ˣȷʵڿˡڵ
ûд󣬾ݺκڷܱߺǿĺҲųںϵʿû˿⣬ԳҲûкķѾﲼ󡣶ˮͭȻʲôȴҲĶϵʿڡԣһֱܰȣûΣա
ʱ䣬ҹδڶһǹҲΪ֪ԼҹδµġЩ飬ԼġҲ壬ԼôҲǹҵճӣͿʼˡⷽŷḻľ顣
Ȼҹδ͹޶ڶ˽⡣ҲֻʮΧܴŴ˶˽⡣Ҳʲôǿ壬ֻҪҹδҲᡣ
κڷߺκڷԺϵ鶼ɹȻͺͺκڷˣҪϸ˽⣬ҹδֻۻȻӣǹҪá
Ź棬ҹδͷȻ˼
Ȼ棬ԼҲõ˹ԼҪֻҪ򣬵ǹСѾǻԪԲһҪĹͷܹһͻƺϵԹҪ
ʹڵһлǻԪԲζŹҪͻϵҪĸ档
һǿҪﵽϵڶԪҪﵽϵʶǿҪﵽϵﵽ֮󣬾شһشͻ˺ϵˮɵسɾͺϵʿ
شѣҹδԸҹδ뻹ԸһеķԼȥһ飬Ի죬ᵢʱ䡣һ鷴ҹδֵġ
ԪҲû⣬ȻԪŨȼΪϡҹδɾ൱һڵƷɾùֱɾˣٶȲ졣ǿɾֱ
ʶͱûؾ֮ĵط
ţ
ؾ
ҹδһ˴󺣡Ȼһվ˺ߡȻŴȥŴȥˮҹδȫѹҹδһߣһ߸֪صͷںȫԴﵽЧЧرҹδҵһﺣˮѹҹδı嶼ЩЧ͸˵ԪΪĹˡ
ҹδվںУʶͷųȥͺڵĺԿ
һ֮ҹδջʶ֪һ£ϸֳЦݣʶԿʶĴǿҪȴЧá
ˣеⶼˡ
ǡ
ҹδ뿴·ĺʱûǱĵײЩģ⺣·ʲôĺɣ
ԽǻӵʿʺϵĵطԽǿޡȻҲΪʺֻ̫Ըֻгֻأ㲻أô㣬뵽أᱩŭ
⺣ĺʵϣڵҹδѾ뵽ǸأҲΪǸΧǸôҹδ롣
ǣҪʱġ
ҪģһǸŷأ
һ£Ͱѹˡ
̽һ°ɡ
ҹδ׼һߣô˵ڸԼҪ߰ꡣܲˡ
·ǱȥֺԽ£ǺˮԽ죬ֺˮˢٶȣҹδǲʲôٶ͵ͨǱ̤ǲһȥһԼܳܵĺٶȣǾһ
ҹδģ·ǱȥͬʱԼʶ˳ȥӡҹδʶǿȿ羳磬ҹδĹԼԪӦôﵽڣӦʶǿȱҲʹﵽڡʶǿȣҿӳȥǧ
⺣֮ڵʶĻǺܴΪҹδҪʶ̽顣෴ǣԪȴûжġ
ҹδһˣһϵԲھŹʱǴСǷɽ磬Ǿϡǿϡ
ǿҲϡ
ԣҹδ벻ǱһһǱ룬ϵزԼĵʶԪõĿɲǵҩҩԪʶĻָҪʱ䣬ֱõľռڵҺҺ
ҺԪĻָҺʶĻָ˲ָҹδ벻ԼʶԪ̫󣬲ŷʳҺҺֻҪһɣԼͻ̲䣬ʱʱ̿̽Լ״̬ά۷״̬
ûС屻ĺˢţĺˮѾˡ˸оǺеһմΪٶ̫ˡúͺˮһЩʱ䡣
ԽǱԽˡ
վˮԵķΧ֮ڣҹδˮԷ˾޴áҹδһָоҲԼϵں̫˸ͨЩͨȻҲŲٵˮͨԼһʵҪǷ֮ǰԼǱĿǰȣѾǼˡ˭ҹδˮˣҲʱСʱʱ̿̽ʶǧﷶΧһǧﷶΧһ֡
⺣ڵĺٶȲһģ½ŵˮٶȺҲż΢Сı仯ʱΪˮײЩΪٶȹ죬ü΢Сˮλᷢըּ˵Ļ£΢Сıըȴܹ޴ƻ
ǱһٶҹδбһЩ⡣ȣѾǱǱȣǱȡΧĻԽԽӣԽԽΣգȴʲôҲûз֡ܲܰ;ϣڻܹѹǾͼɣȫˮˡ
ҹδ벢ǱֱǱģʶ£ʱҪ߻תһЩ΢СˮײըҹδԹֵЩըҲЩֵס룬ıըܸӾ޴ҹδҲˡֶӵĻ£΢Сƣᱻ޵ķŴΣաԣҹδķѵʱǳ͡
һʿǱ̽飬ȶѾʿļޡǱˣΪʶĹģҲҹδ룬ڲϵҺ䣬ܹﵽȣȴ۷״̬
ţ
ҹδоһ˿ԾѾںһˣʶһֱֺǧںѾ˲ǳ˽⣬ʱͻȻоһ˿ֲ΢СȴͺںĲȫͬ
ʲôأ
һ齸ʯˮʯĲҲ˵ж赲
ôܣ
ʲôҲûУôж赲
ΪСһ˿ǱȥԽһ˿Խʼ΢΢ŴȻ¶֮ɫ
߸ݡ
ԣ
ǲǲݣֻǳݣһҳͷ˿ôϸôںСƾǺĺˢȻܽݵĶߣҲֻ΢΢ҡΣ΢΢ҡΣĲҹδ֪
ʲôط
ǺһǺ˵ǲˣһʯͷᱻˢɱ촷ۻҪ΢СĴڣȴ˿һĶȫȻ
ҹδ뼤ˣ
Ǳ
ûٿںˮͨȶԼΣԺпٵ˼ż䡣
Ҫ֪ڳڿɲǹ⿴ͨҲһЩ顣Ȼʲô鶼ǿһЩԼҪ˽鼮
־־Щ


1009 չ
־Լ֪ɽĵʲôطȥʲôطȥ־Լ֪ɽ綼ʲôﶼʲôЧ
ŲеļУûֶֿʼŲڿı־ȻĿⲻ貵
ˣĳһ־һƬءƬصʱ򣬻ΪǴ˵ΪǼἰɽɣЩ
˵ɽɵʱħأҲΪࡣǸʱɽΪ貵ʱͬʱҲΪ΢ʱ򡣺ħ໥֮䱬˴սɽ顣˵ԭɽϴϴˣڵɽ绹ԭʮ֮һ
ǿҹδƲ첻š
ڵɽҲϴϴˣûɽ磬һϵһҲ߱ɽ磬Ʋ⣬ɽҪȾŹٴٱ˵ٱֹ
ⶼľˣɽɵʱҪڴʮ
Цɣ
Ҳһ˵˲֪£λħսħøرҲ顣ִսķɣҲ췣øıʧˣħǾˡ
˷չռ䣬ǿ
Ǹʱ򣬱أõıȴֻһ֣ϡ
Ϸ߸ȼȻϣѣɳǰ˿һĶɫġ
ѵǺϣ
ҹδϸ˿Ϸ·ںУ΢΢ζôôеһ
ҪǺϣҹδͷˡ
ϡ

ʵֵȼĺ϶һµʿûã
У
̲صȴǺϵһʿܹܵģϷʳ˾ǸԼűˡЧϵʿݼأɽǸʱϵʿúġǸʱٶȾͽһ찡
ϽؾˣŲòԪԣٶǽһƽ⣬Ϊλģ⻹Ǽ˲ܹͻơ˺ϣ۲ЩȱǣÿѺϵԣżһΣ¶ŷǷЧ
Ȳô࣬
ҹδ뿿˺ϣԭºϻܣǲûСҹδǳ˳ؾͰ˿սƿУȻӡ
ƿҹδź·ֳڴҪ
ֻҲ֪ԽԽΣգƴûʿǱ̶ȣ컯ҲûСΪ컯ʿʶҲסôģҲҹδҺܹͣزԼģԼǱ£ҹδ벻֪Լܲܳܵסĳˢ
԰ɣ
ǱԼܲסԼͷ
ҹδС·ǱȥǱȣЩ΢СˮαըƵʿʼҹδ벻òǰܡҪ߻ת˷˸ʱ䣬Ҳ˷˸Һ
治ʲô˶ܹǱģƴԴֻҪ˿ǺϣٶҺǶֵá
أҹδǱʮҹδıܶﵽ˼ޡҪԵֻǺûзǿĺ
﷢ֺǼֱǾһ
ˣҲͬڵ裬ʱܱ΢Сˮεıը˺ΪըƵʺܼȶˡ
͡
ҹδ˴ΣͻȻ΢Сˮαըˣֺٶ֮£Ǻһӱʧˣܾͬ޴ͨҹδӿʣܸǣҹδʣ¡
ҹδ볤Уʱ򣬶Ѿˡֻпӿܣܹһ
ҹδȫĽȫнܼնֻ˲Ϣ֮䣬նٽ֮࣬Ҫ֪ÿһ᲻ϵؽֻֻ⣬ͬӡնٽǾǰٵӡÿһɲǽ⣬ǿܵġÿһⶼ̲ŻֺĽġʱҹδΪͷų貵Ľ⣬ͬһ̫һ㣬ӿܾԵ棬ӿ
ʱֻж̶̵ϢңըɢȥҹδͣɫЩ԰סȻֻϢʱ䣬ȴҹδȫΪĴδйľ޴
ֲú꣬ȴû˷кϡһǺϴں̫һ溣ıըҲȷʵ̫աҹδоһʿԼŵ״£δܹοʿҲδܹǱΪЩûҺĲ䣬еʶġ
ָֻƽ
ƽֻӾϵƽʵϺĺٶ쳣٣ٵ㶼ֹͬһ㡣
ҹδ뻺³һоԼټǱˡټȥ̫Σˡ־صһҪֳôĶ᲻ʲôкĻֳôĶض
ҹδģ˴Լӵʱ䣬ûк֡ҹδˡӦûкҲǣкǺϻŸԼ
ͱˡ
ҹδʼϷƮȥѰеʱ䡣ﻨѴʱѰҺϣԼУ㡣ؼǣδҵõҲԼҵ߸ڽġ
ҹδص˶ԼľǰӴָȡһΣ棬Ȼȡһȭͷʯȡ̵һʱʱ䣬꣬һ̲ŵıͱҹδ˳ʱ֣Ŵӷæл
ǰ
ôæ𣿡
Ҳ⼸죬ϤһУҲÿæһ졣
ҹδͷͽˡ
ǰġ
Ҳܵ
ҹδŹŴ󺣷ȥЩĪǸŷɵ˺ϡ̤źҹδԹ
ں׿Խˮѹʶȥһ¡
۾һԡ
α˺֮£ҹδ̤źŶȥ˶һɽ壬Ŀһߵɽϡ
ںйۿǳһѵĵص㣬ҪɳĮлҪáԼߵɽϱչأǳӦžѵЧ

һˮɽһԾϴϲɫǰܴʶЧãСɽЧǿҲΪˣʧȥЧΪԽߣѹԽ󡣡
ҹδͷǱߣԼ⣬һڵΪȥ
Ŷˣ
ãһȥ
ֻصľǰҹδ뿴ıʶˣʣµľԪˡԪý
ˣԪýģԪŨȣΪ磬޷ҹδ˵ý
ҹδȡһݸһƷɾÿɾֱٺҪ

ȫסˣȻæ̽鴢ȻװһɾЩãȻ
ִŵʿԭɾֱ
ôݳ
ֲ˼ôǿܹΪš
ķ棬㲻ҪżҹδȡǿԼĵʯݸ˹
㣬㽫ʶ̽룬ϵ
ӹǸʯдϲ
ǰǵ̫ܵˣԪ壬ʶԼ׼ȫˡԴﻹæȫ൱ԼڱչءиʮԼܹͻƺϵ˰ɣ
лǰ
ߵɽ𣿡
ˣ
ԺչûӦ˵飬ͲҪȥҡ
ǣǰ
ˣȥæɣȥչˡ
ҹδǸɴˣ֮󣬱һһ̣ѾǸɽ֮ϡʶٲһ㴹˲㽫ɽ֡ɽŲٵޣǿҲֻҹδҲȥǣջʶȡ˸ƵĹ򣬿ʼĶܡ
Ӵ˿ʼҹδĶܹУǹǿա
ʱҴңȥ
ǹ֮¡
ҹδϥɽ֮ϡ
ʱ⣬ƵĹе֮һѾȫ򣬲ںϽСÿ϶ڹǿգĿɲǳڲڵĹԼǿյӵԪһҳϵҲøӵĺأ֮ԪƷҲЩЩƷԪңԶ
ϢΧҹδҹǹ䣬ҹδҹδͬһҫǻԵǳ¿ɽϻſһޣɽɽŵɽۣѾɽ壬ĶޡЩһȫһԵģ
ʮǰʼҹδϢͿʼɽ·䣬Ȼӡȸ֪ȻɽϵЩޣ֮Գ֮ΪޣûиǣǵǻеģҲܽѵ衣


1010 
Щǵޱܵظ֪ɽ֮ҪĶϢƺǱøǿ󣬶ϢǸоУһȻСԣЩޱɽȻ󿴵ҹδ룬ǲҵϷۣڷ۵ıԵſ̰һ˿˿شɡ
ˣԽԽࡣ
ˡ
ϥҹδ룬ʱȴǵһʱḶ́һǰδе״̬ҹδҲ֪ʱʲôȴ˳Ȼһǰ
ڷһ˲䣬·ʶ۵˼ޣʶڵʶһۣŻۣʶʼ𶯵ĲԽԽǿʶϷҲһɣʶ۶ɣÿһ˿ʶ̲ҹδ򣬶
·ĵһǹ⣬һȶͬʶϵһǳڰʶڣһǹ
һ̣ҹδʵԾǰδе򡣹ǿմﵽһǰδеľ硣
Ƕǿͷѣһʶǳγ֮󣬵ڶţžͱü򵥡ÿһʶһƣʼʶڻۡ
ʶĵٶȷɿ죬ҹδ벻ϵشռڳȡҺ䣬һſǳʶڵÿһǳɢ˿˿ǹ⣬ҹδԪ֮ҹδ̱оԼԪڱѸٵشڷٵ
ˡ
Ԫ𶯣һ֪ԼԪͻˣӦͻƵڡԪľͻƣоԼӿ٣ڹ񡣻һϲĵطǶڲٿԼԪԼı壬Բ
ʵϣ֮ǰȻҹδıԪﵽƽأʹʵǿ󡣵ȴҲб׶ˣΪԪ񾳽粻Ԫͷͨʱ򣬻Щɬжһ˿Ͱ
Ԫ񾳽ͱԼԪ̫Ľ
Ҳ˵ΪԪľ粻㣬ҹδ벢ȫӳԼʵ
ǣһ̣ȻɲȫӳԼʵȴԲ࣬սضһ
ʶڹǳԽԽ࣬ԪĴҲضԽԽ죬ԪľҲضԽԽߣҲܹԽԽھԼս
һ꣬꣬ꡭ
ҹδһϥڷ֮ϣʶڲϵصһſǳ
ֶңŶߵɽ壬Ǿ塣
Ǿ壬л˸м
ҹδṩԴҹδչذ󣬾ͻƵ˺ϵѾǺϵ۷壬ۿžܹ뵽ϵڡ֪ԼСɽڵԼҲӦǿͻƵϵǹҲǺϵһأҪӵڵľ磬֪ء
ֻʱ䣬ҹδɾһǰùˣΪͣҲȥҹδ롣
ţ
Ȼתͷ˴󺣵ķ򣬴ﴫһϢǺϵϢ
أûкϵʿǰǻԪûСԷϢǹģͬкһ㡣ȻһӺ
¹㺮ӣڵѡ
ɫһӶԷĻпԵ֪Է֪֪ضǳʿӦûʲôΣա鲽źӭȥ
һӰվںϣԶ˹üͷ΢΢𡣴ӹϢϿԷֻһϵڣǳڵߣôֻǺϵڣ
㺮ӵѣΪ
㺮ӻǶߣ
ǣҹǰҹǰæ
Ŷ
㺮аȴҲЩáҲһߣڶߣͬǳŵ̫ڡݵλҹδ벻ֺҲ֪һƬʿǺϵԲضҲˡȻҹδ벻ӭЩԼˡ
һԷɫ֪Է˼Ϊ
ҹǰһֱɽϱչأѾˡ
㺮ɫһʱһӰ߷ȴҹδ롣ֺϵϢȻǾҹδ룬ȻңԶ̸֮ҹδҲӭϾǰһϵšԹЩġ
ҹδѡҹδŹ㺮ӹ֡
ҹδոսɢǿϢϢȻù㺮ľĸоæ
̫ڹ㺮Ӽҹѡ
һԷҲǾŴ󳬼ŵʿҹδϵЦݸ
㺮ѣ룡
صľݣҹδȡˮдȻ֪λ㺮ӺԼһҲһߣ֮ոǢһ㺮ӱ⣺
ҹѿ֪У
УҹδȻҡͷ֪ʲô
㺮Цҹһ˵ص㡣һԪıʿżĸԪЧƽʿҲЧЧֻʿˡڶ컯ʿ˵ûЧЧ΢ˡЩϵرǺϵԲЧǷǷˡ
ô˵ɣʹǵʶǿȣٶȽƽİٱ⻹ΪֻǺϵ̷飬ֻܹһ㹻һ¡
öҹδ۾һԪƷЧ
ûУ㺮ӹŹֵؿҹδ룬˼ǣƨء
ҹδ뼱æת仰⣺ѣȻУĪһ޴У
㺮ҹδĴָҹѲ²ⲻɶһǧһ޴УԲǧ
ҹδв΢˵ˣ⻹һ˴С
ڱ飬ƽʱȴǲ񲻵ãнɱ֮ʮ˵Щϵ컯ʿһ룬ᱻɱÿǧתٶȷŻɱҲֻܹϵϵʿ롣Խ£ɱԽǿЩϵԲʿҲֻܹһǧ£Ͳܹܵˡ
ֻһ꣬¸±ǽɱĿʼ
ÿʱʿΪ飬ɱҡҹѣǶЩߣиһˣƣҹѿԸμӣ
ʲôʿ룿
ʱμʿɽ컯ʿΪߵҲƽ硣ǶЩ߶ǺϵԲЩĵҲΪʣµһЩĵΪҲ컯ûƽ硣
ҹδ벻üͷ֮󣬻η䣿
ҹѵԭ֮һպϼϼ¥ۣһ³̡
ãҹδͷӦ
ҹδӦȻԤ£㺮ȴҲģ㹰ֵ
һҪȥˣʹ˸ˡ
͵ѡ
㺮֮󣬻صľݡҹδʹѹ꣬ſˮͭ󣿡
ûУҡͷҲ⼸졣
ҹδҾǰϼڶϣˣҼա
ã
Ͽʲô⣿
С⡣
ڨڨڴɫҹδȻɾ˰ɣ
ţȻͷ
ҹδ֪һ¹ΪѾǺϵ۷壬ȻҪһЩȸƷɾɣˣ˵
лǰϲӹҹδݹĴ
ʲô֮һһʱ䣬Ϊ󡣡
Уллǰ
һգҹδ벻䷳ظ⣬պҹδ뿪˶ϼȥ
һ߷ɣһԼʶԼʶڷǵ㣬ǰش棬Сĵʶ·һӰǧǹԪԪÿʱÿ̶ڱ
ҹδͻȻ
ش棬С档Լʶڵǳ棬Ԫ壬ǲǿԪǳ
񡭡Ѩһ
ҹδһ
ӦÿһѨϣԪڹһǳ
ȷŷŰɣ򣬵ҲȽȫں˵
ʱʱҹδϼϡ˴һ£ϼ¥ԼţȻ¥ϡʱ¥ѾˣŲ˵Ŀ㶼ҹδ۶ҹδĿɨ¥ˡ
ʮˡ
ҹˣ
һվһˣǹ㺮ӡҹδһߺЦŹ㺮ȥһ߲鿴Χ
ʮ˸˷ֳӪԡ
оŸʿһҹδ׵ؾ͸֪ǾŸʿϢЩҪҹδڳڼʿϢϲ١硣Ҳ磬һȣŸһɫȻԱ߻ſӣʿ
Ȼǹ㺮ߣֻоӣʱϹ㺮Ѿ˰˸ˡرŴ󳬼ڶ׼ġŴ󳬼ŵߣȻֻǺϵԲս磬رǶ磬ǲǣܹնɱǡԣڶһƬŴ󳬼ŵߣȫźƽƽʸ
οŸ˱ǾŴ󳬼š
ӪͶˣǶǺϵһǺϵԲЩӦڶߺһЩĵ


1011 
㺮Ӳ䷳ؽ˸ҹδһ飬ǾŸҹδҲǿҶ˼ӡ͸˵ߺ͵ˡ
ûбӣ߱Żкôġҹδʶ֮󣬴ҷ׷ҹδ벻һģԶģҲڲʱԱˡ
ʮ磬ûһڣڣСڡ
ŸҹδЩŵߣȻһһʮŵߣǶһƬĵ
ҿʼ飬ҹδ벻ֻһǱȻܰҹδ뵱һߣÿҲҪҹδҹδ㶼ͷΪЩĽѾܺˣԼҲֻܹ뵽ˡһ룬Щ˾ûоУӦöԼûԣһĨڣЩ˿Ͳϣĥ취ˡ
ʼ飬ǲһжȴˡ
һٶ˾һĿ̫󡣶ôˣһ飬࡭
϶࣬Ҳһܶ࣬ÿ϶١ô֣
ؼǣĿ̫˵ע⡣ҲжҪأ͵Ϯ
վֳɶʮĸСӣÿСӵĶӳʮ컯;ŸŵߡȻʣµһһʮϵʿѡСӣÿСӳ˶ӳ֮⣬Աܳˡ
ʮ컯;Ÿŵ߶ȵЩϵʿԼûǸˡ
ʮ컯Ŵ󳬼ŵߣһǡҪ֪˭ʤ˭
컯Ͼ컯Ŵ󳬼ŵߺǿǶϡһǱܣͨǶЩĴܹȵġǽ֮󣬴󲿷ʱ䶼Ѱ顣Ҫʱʱ̿Ԫʶġ컯Ԫʶ̲϶ȺϵԲ¾Ŵ󳬼ŵĵӡ
Ĳ˵˵ʶɡ
ϵʿûԪģ컯ȴԪ񣬽һ컯ʶԶԶسϵϵԳţǾ콾ϵĲǺ蹵ˣڣĹ󣬻ʣ¶ս
ÿʿɵȻ컯ΪӳСӡܿ죬ʮ컯˶ԱÿСӶˡ˱ֻʣ˶ʮˣһϵԲûУǺϵڡҹδеˡʵҹδ֮󣬱һֱչأûеʹҶϤжȻѡΪϤˡǾóڵʿսǿҲŮӣѡҹδ롣
˶Ƕĵ
һ࣬ӵĵϵءһ㣬ǵĵҲһϵء
ʮĸСԼһҪȻԼʮڴ˼ϣһǰУ˶ڣҲܹ׳׳ơ
ȻϯҲһζĻᣬҹδҲ˻ᣬʶߵĸʿҹδϯ仰ﲻ࣬Զеĵ
ϯҹδֺ࣬Сһ£˴˽һʱҲܹĬһЩȻ˷룬ԻعԼĵ졣
ص˶Ȼˡһˣҹδɫɲ죺
ôˣ
ǳĹŵӹ
ôһݣôܸȵ飿
ҹʦ㣬ⲻҪʼҹ
Ŷҹδˣüͷһˣ
⵹ǣԸܺãܹҹδڵ˲ˣҺʦ㽻꣬ͻȥʦŻۡʦҪҪһȥ
ԭˣ
ҹδˣȻҡҡͷҾͲһȥˣѾˣ÷ء
ͷҲǣߵĹˣߺߵĵǵΪߣʦ㵽ʱСһЩʱ򣬿ԴСӺһ𡣡
ҹδͷаڶĹ͹𽻽֮󣬹Ҳûжȥ
˹𣬿ŹɫҹδȰ˵ǱߣͲҪȥˡ̫Σաڵҿء
ǣεͷʵҲԼΪǲȥһȥˣļʺܴ
ˣ
ԼڵΪҲȷǲ̫Ҫ顣
û£ɽɡ
۾һлǰ
һΰȥҹδ붣úصȻ뿪˶ٴǰϼ˻֮һٶһеķȥ
ϺܶˣǴɽǰʿкܶ塣ֻ˫пƣûн뵽֮ǰҶɱҼǽ뵽Уûз֮ǰ˴ҲɱϾ˵Ŀ飬Ϊɱ
ʮһպ
һ޴гǵǰ뻹ǳңԶ˸оһ־޴ֳУҹδ뼫𺳡
ſУ˺ܶϢӴʿЩʿƽ磬Ŵ󳬼ŵʿҹδҲ˳ڵӪֻûпȥӦҲֻǿͳһ黹Լʲô¶
ֻҪǱߣƽʿа˸ǼʮԼһϵһЩʿ䵽ˡԼٹȥǲƨɰɣ
ҪȥǸ裿
ҹδվȺУΪۡĿУȻ
Ƕж˽⣿
˶ҡͷ
ѰҺͲ׽ʲô𣿡
ûУ
ҹδͷζŲ׽Ͳ׽ûʲôͬ˵׽
һסеĽɱȻеĽɱǽɱɴڣеĽɱһĵḶ́Ҳ֪ͨ£һϵԲܹڼֶã
Ҫȥ֮󣬲ܹ֪
ҵ顣鲢ôҵġ
Ҫɱʿɱڲ׽ĹУʿ֮䲻ܲͻΣյĵط
ʿھصȴת޴ĺ¡
ֹȥգҹδ뿴ǰʿʼһ֮УʧӰҹδۺҲǰƮȥȻ뵽֮Сһ뵽֮У˾ͽԵʶ˳ȥѰ顣ͬʱСΪλſտ˵ķǱȥ
еķΧܴ󣬺ܿҹδΧûʿҹδһ·Ǳȥһ߸֪Žɱ
ǿ
Խ£ɱԽǿ
ǶӰ첻Ǻܴ󣬱ϾıǿѾﵽƽءʶ
࣬㣬ֶܹã
Ŷʮң
ҹδôǾҰɡ
Ȼͬ⡣
ҹδһˮζһ߼ʶӡжʶҲźܴĽɱҹδԪʶǿȴﵽڣʶӾܹҲֻܹʮҡ˵ʶҲֻܹǷԲǧҡ
㶼ˮԣﵹźǿЧҹδʩչˮǺ˷
Ѱ˰գҹδʶ׽ĸӰĸʿʱ׷顣飬ÿָװųһҹδٶȼ죬ͬһ㡣
׷ĸʿǺϵԲڷٵ֮ľ롣ҹδѸٺһ£鵽ǰ֮ǰĸʿʻ׷飬ʶ㣺
ĸϵԲ׷飬׼ͻϮ
ҹѣ˻ˣĸϵԲ
ǣ
ǡֻǺϵڣֱһӰɣ
ҹδɫƽĸϵԲԭûָ㡣Ҳ˵һöûСҹδԴӷɽǵһҪһնɱĸͬʿҪ̵ʱնɱĸϵΪ΢ܾܿͻʿҹδնɱĸϵԲ˲նɱĸϵԲȴûжϾ֮ǰûɹ
ؼǣҪ׽顣ԼնɱĸϵԲȫԸܷԣ˵ļֵʱ˳
רĲ׽飬նɱĸϵԲ
⡭оɲҹδ˲˵ĴĸϵԲܣҪ˲䲶׽顣ܵһ˵ҶҪ˲䲶׽ս֮ǰǾͱɲ׽ȻԶݡʿһ鷳ס𣿡
ҹδ˵üΪп϶þҲҷ֪Լı£Ҳ϶ҹδĶ֡ԼǺϵڣҹδȴǺϵԲԼĴкܹͨ
˵ԼΪ粻ҹδ룬Ǻҹδͬ磬Ҳ򲻹ҹδ롣֮Уҹδ뷢ˣɱҲû֪ҲǰԣҲֻеͷӦǣȫע׼ץ顣Ѿ⣬ҹδ벻նɱĸϵԲҲضܹ谭ĸϵʿһʱ䡣ˣڲ׽֮ҹδ벻У̾ӡ


1012 ¥
ʲôץұٶץԼ˲иѡ
ҹδ룬ȻǱǰ
ҹδʩչˮҹδͨ򣬳Խͬ磬رз棬ں̫ͨʱ˶뵽ˮƵУк͸֪ʧˡ
˴󾪡ڸ֪ʧûʲôˮɣҲܹؾͿҹδԼǰʧǾ̫˼ˡ˶һۣҹδĲɴ˸˿ģʶӳȥʱ׼ȥ׽顣
ҹδǱȥʮȻҲ͸ոزϢʱ䣬Ϸкͬʱǧ֮⣬ĸϵԲѾ֡ĸϵͬʱ֣ǧ֮ץ˹ȥֻԪһ鼤䡣
ҹδˡ
飬ĸϵ壬ҹδٶȶ졣ҹδͷк˲䣬ҹδ֣ҹδֵ˲䣬ĸϵԲѾҹδ벻סҹδײ˹ȥ
˫ٶȶ̫ˣʯ֮䣬Ʊĸͬͬʱҹδһָݺᡣ
н
ֻ˲ֻӣײĸĸӦҲ죬ԵոſûаѾĸķѡҹδңңһץĸָ㱻ҹδץУͽ˱ԼսƷԼҪָ㡣
ҹδסĸһ̣Ѿ֮ڡදˡÿץ֮󣬱ǰȥϱֳ֮ɫÿҹδĽײĸ
ô죡
ôǿ
дϲ뵽ҹδǿϾԳڡȴû뵽ҹδǿ˲Ϣ֮նɱϵԲһڴпΪĸʼС˺ܶࡣɫһ䣬˴˶һۣʶѸٵؽ
֮ǰԼһ飬ҹδĳɣɡ񿴵ҹδսõû
ߣ
ңңشҹδʶҹδķٶˮ˹ȥ˻ϣ˲ϢԶ롣
Զʮ֮ȫȡ飬ȻԵݸҹδšʾԼֻһšҹδҲûпĿ顣ⷴһ˵һܹȥҹδڣܹץ顣
ʱһιȥ죬ץס˰˿飬ڽӣҲûץ飬һ£Ǳһξ롣ǱԽɱԽ󡣲ʱ䣬Ȼץʮ飬ȴܲסˡ˿ҹδûһ㣬֪֧Сӵĺ˽ʱˡ
ҹѣܲסˡ
ҹδҲ⣬λѣҲԵõĿ飬ҽȥ֮󣬾뿪ɡ
ɫźȴҲ֪ҹδ˵ûдȥ֮󣬵ϢָǱʿɱǶȥǺ顣ʱգۿ鷢֣ҹδ뻹ɱ
ܹջĿ飬ѾԤڡֻĸԼãҲܹһԴ֧ͻ컯ĿܡֻЩ־塣
˾ˣһУǾġ飬бη壬ȥ;У˽ɱˡҹδο˵˼Ҳʱ䣬Ͷύһ£Ҳûл㴫
ȥ
ϲлҹѡ
ҹδͷˮһˮɣֱ࣬ϷȥֻƬʱ䣬㻩һˮ档ˮûʿӰŹȥ˶ãû뿪ҹδ˹֣Ȼ㷭֮С
ǴŵӰ
˸̾һ䣬˿ϲõٶ뿪С
ҹδռڳȡҺҺĵʶԪ·ֱǱȥڷˣԽ£ĸͷԽ󡣶Խ£ʿԽ٣˵ץҲԽࡣȻΣҲ
ΪеĽɱˣʿʵҲǿˡ
ҹδǱԼǧȵнɱѾ൱ڡȣʶַΧҲӷԲʮﱻѹԲʮȵʿ̫࣬ҹδ붼ûʶַΧڣһʿ
ȣϵʿͱˡ̭˾ųɾŵĺϵʿǾŴ󳬼ŵĺϵԲҲֻЩ콾п뵽ϾҪڵıǿȣͻᱻеĽɱɱ
ҹδΧһµʱ䣬ȻûһʿɼȵʿҪ˺ܶࡣҲǣǳֳţʿҲҡⷽԲǧУװǧʿҪҲôס
ǣƫƫҹδһһոͻʿֻһأȴǱ뵽ڵȣҹδЩԾ;裬˵ԷضԾŴ󳬼ţǿҲڡԷʱ򣬸ӳԾȻ˶Цˡ
ʶ
Һ
˲Ǳˣ¥ǡ
˴յһҹδĽ¥ʦͻˡ
ţ
¥ҲʮԺϾͻ粢ףһ̤磬̤ɽ߲㣬Ȼڸ߲ڵףҲڸ߲ķΧ뵱ϵʱ򣬻ͬ磬ٴμ棬ȴһ磬һǺϵ¥ȻԺȴҹδû˿ӡʮҹδ֮ûͻ磬ڷߵĹòСҹδõУҲˡԣҹδܹǱ˿Ծϲ
֣
ãҹδϵͷ
֪һطŴ飬ȥһѣ
飿ҹδֵȥˣͱ׽ɾ˰ɣ
ûзУһЩССЩСеĽɱΪǿҿЩһСڣеĽɱʿҲܲסʿͨǸСУǸСнɢƻҪһЩʱ䣬ü
Ϊҹδʵ
ڣ壡ǾŴţоʵǿ
ҹδ뿴¥һۣ⻹Ʈ˰ͻ֮󣬶оڲǿˡ¥Ȼҹδһ۵˼
治ǿҶڿռڹ۲ǣǣնɱǵġǶҲСǼ㣬ǲûлᡣ
ҹδ룬ʵж飿
һǧ
ҹδ۾һˣ
ߣ
¥Ǵϲ뿪ҹδˮݣ¥ǿնݣϢǱȥ
ҹδһˮݣһ߸֪Ȼ֪һ˿Ϊ΢Ĳ֪¥ǣԼƲһϾˮȻˮҲпռ䣬Ͼƺܴ¥ûռǰ㣬ռʩչû˿
ҹδˮûȻҲΪҹδˮﵽ˼ߵľ磬Żˡ
ʱҹδʶ׽ǸСУСԵʿڣƽС¶ΪҲֻǸոͻڣҲصģ
ҪԸأҲûȫաܹȸɵһȻԶҹδġ
ҹδСǱˮݹȥʿһֱܾ裬һƽСУһҲڹעΧҹδǰеҵʱ򣬱㱻ڷˡǱеģ϶ĿĲһֱӾһȭҹδ롣
ҹδ붸Ȼӿٶȣˮһ㿪Ȼˮڡֻһ˲ӽ˶Է಻һ
һҹδ٣Ҳ¶ӰǸ֪ҹδΪֻкϵԲвɲ졣ΪôǱȣ
ͬʱҲ΢ġǷģɱȴû˿ڼƽУһһȭ˹
ҹδˮݶ㿪ȻͷųԼ򡣾̫ˣһӱ㽫Ǹ֮С
ƣ
ǸڱоԼ·ַ·ǧ˿Ʋơ
ãëоԼߵĿռ䲨ˣ
ѾˣһҫԴ㱻п¥ǵ˲ʧ
ʣµд󾪣ﻹ˵ƽʲôСУ
ǣҲսʮַḻ֮ˡ֪ҹδˣһһڰǲڰֻҪԼ˲ɱһʣµһ޷Լ
ɱ˭
ȻɱģڰǸ֪Ķ


1013 
ʱҲûоȥϸռ䲨˶Ǿ֮ˣ˲¶˾ģʶ˱һҹδ˹
Ҽл
ͷų磬ͬСҹδ뼷ѹײ˹
ʱҹδӦˡϾҹδֻһϵͻϮҹδ룬ҹδ¥ɱһʱѾȫҹδλֵܹ
ӣ
˭֪ҹδ벢ûӣǳǸʿһײײ˶ԷĽ硣ǸȻ⣬ȴǴϲһССϵҴԼĽ磬Լ
Լһְ취ԼĽС
ǡ
ûеʩչһְ취ҹδѾȭͷͬʱһȴֻԼĽ磬ҹδѾ뵽ͬĽУֻһҹδӳܹʱ
ȻΪҹδܹӳһϵһĽУӳЦ
䡭
ǸĿĿУͬĽͻȻͱˡ֪ôͱˣڽǿġǱ򱬽ȴǿԼĽǱҹδһȭ򱬵ġ˽磬ǸѪһӰͻأ֣¥һնɱǸڡ
ʣµΨһһ磬һ飬ͷܡû벽תҹδѾץһѡ
ˡ
пռ㽫档
䡭
ǸԼĽȥײпռ䣬пռ䱻Ǹʿһײ顣Ҳһ˿ʱ䣬ʧȥߵĻᡣҹδѾ˹
ơ
ϣ
¥ǵٴ֣һնɱһ硣
¥Ǵһ˦ָҹδƮ˹¥һָƮԼǰָҹδ벢ûȥգЦǺǵؿŶ¥ǡ
˿Լеջ԰֡ʱָȴǸҹδҹδûգЦеؿԼ¥ǿЦ
ҹʦãҺÿ࣬ⱾӦý뵽ƽ˰ɣ
ҹδͷҲˡܹ򱬽ҲֻƽС
ţ¥һָСеȻˣƾı壬ȫԽ뵽ǸСУֱȡЩ顣˻ܹǾ뿪ս˵ʿ
Σ
ҹδͷɽĹأֱصˣܹɵġ¥ҲˣһҲӦá
ҹδǸСг˽ȥǿгССһƬƬһǧ࣬ȻǧֻϢʱ䣬ϲ˾Ѹٵ뿪˷飬֡
Ҵ¹ȥֱּסƽʱûʿʱĴѰҡʿʱ򣬲˷ӦֻҪ˵ΪЩʿҪɱ˶ᱦȴ˷ɱ˴ָ˴顣Ҳڲ֪Ǳ뵽Բܹͣȡҹδ¥ҲΪһգҹδ뿴·
ܼǱ𣿡
¥ҡҡͷˣҵļˡҹʦãԼȥɡ
ҹδ룬һΰȥˣԼҵģзɱᱦģԼѾǧˡƺҲˡȥԼܹеѹ·ʿɾͶƽˡ
Լ򲻹
˵ˣǧ鶼Ǹ׼ġ
Ҳȥˡ׼ңǷȥ
¥¶Цݣҹδ֣ȴҲ׬ˡҲŽǧ飬һʼԴ
ȥˣջѾˡ̫̰ģΣա
˵òҲȥ
˱㿪ʼϷȥǱﶺôãΪĴѰֱϸգҲͻ档ǣһȥˣںˮС
˶ǴĴ֮ˣǽ֮ˣ̱оԣͣûн̽ʶӳȥͬʱս׼
Ȼҹδһ㣬¥Ҳ֪סʶ
ҹʦãУ
ţ
ǣôУ֪ˣ
ҹδҲͷʱҲ֪ԼǱһУеıУĽҲСܹ֪ڲǵ𵴣ΨսвŻֵ״
Ҳǣս˭û¶ͷųԼĽ磬Ļ
Ӧ·ƽʿսȻͷųĽӵ棬ǡý˸˽ǽıԵشûܵսĲֻҪȥˡΨеȵսнĽȻʧˡн˻ʤȻҲںСϣὫӳȥ
ΪһƽʿɱᱦǸʿУҹδ¥ˣһǺϵһһأܹõ飿
ɱʧݡ
ҹʦãܴȥ𣿡
ҹδҡҡͷҲ֪һ£оԼƿ磬˹ƾԲƽڣҹδĸоǿ
ô죿
ҹδҡҡͷֺܲµ˭𣿡
¥˼Ƭ̣۾һеƽֻˡһµдʦһǲڵͿ졣Ǿ˭ȴ²ⲻ֪Ķ˭
Ӧɣ
ҹδ룬ȻҲ֪ʲôʱܹꡣ
һ˵ţһϥˮ֮Уȡһ飬˼Լ̷ֱһԵ¥ǲʵ
ҹʦãҪʲô
ҹδֵǳֳȥҲġһλдꡣ
¥ɫһоòô¶־ҹδ˵úе޷
ǰ
ֳȥҲˣϴҲķء
ʱҹδѾ۾ȲҪð̷Կ
ڵҹδգоһϲȻԪ˵ŷǷЧԼԪ񾳽һϴԪЧٶȻЩͬʱ¥Ҳ뿪ˣҲϥ£ȡһ飬Ѿ磬̷ֱˣʼ
ҹδһЧоԼӦÿ̷ֱѡһС飬ſ̷ȥ
ˡ
֮ǰаٱسҹδȴܹȫܡϾıѾﵽƽأԪʵĳ¥ǻǿٱĳǰٱЧҹδԪڱɿĴͷɿעǴתƿ
ֻҪܵתȻڲϵ飬Ԫ񡣸ҪעڷԼн֮Уоһͷ
Լ˵ҲһԵһԵСнУҹδ˵׬ˡ
ؼǣнˣʱսսнݻĶһʵ൱ƽ磬ͱ쾡µݻаҹδİʵ̫ˡ
һƽݻͬԴаһ㡣
ʵϣǸоҹδңԶǧ֮ңҲǾԶȻݻİĵشȴҲҹδûΣաҼǱԵشе⣬Ҳҹδܹȵģҹδ뿴ݻеѾ
ҹδ뾲һԼҪҹδһʱÿϣҹδͻٷʳһţΪ֣ĹУɢһϡʿһʧ䡣
һ죬죬졭
ʿû湻ãȴǱҹδ롣¥Ĳзֻʵʵ飬ҹδеֻʱ䣬൱չꡣʵже̫
˵죬ҹδֳź֮ɫ
Ϊонûˣ仰˵н˽磬սˣӳˡ
ʱ䣬ջ޴ڶϱչذջ񻹴ڼȥ
ǵģ
ǻȥнй뵽̫ĶЩ뵽Ҳֻʮ֮һڶסˣҪȥЩ֮Ԫʵı仯˵ԼԪܹһΪƷԪ
ϾһƽеһȻҹδλдк٣Ƕҹδ磬ȴ̫ˡ
ߣ
ҹδʶ˱ֱϣֻ˰ʱ䣬˱㻩һУĿĹˣΧûһˣ˱໥֣һأȥ
ʮ֮ҹδص˶Ӹ˹ʮ飬ڹĿϲ£ֱԼչصɽ壬ʼչء
֮ҹδ뿪ʼĶЩӳڲ˵õĹУ˵λдеһôĻԼȱ֣ѡ˵˾Լĵ̻񡣱Ͼɽ֮Ķ鼮½磬½ʱһĶĹж緱ǡǽɽȴûʲôøĴУֻܹۿڲڵ鼮


1014 ¥
ǴڣǴڣҲֻһţҲޡؼǣܹĶĻǺϵУû紫С
ԣʼĶʣµ֮ûпĴУȻǺϵȴʤޡÿʳһ飬ԪٱҶҲٱȻֻʱģ֮Եʧһάһʱ䣬ҹδǧš
ʱôɿţﶬ䣬ϸ꣬ϱãΨһľϥɽ֮ϵҹδ룬һлɽΧЩޡ˸оɽΧ·뵽بŲĹ¼š
ٱ治ģ֮ǰҹδ˰ʱں֮һӳڸƵĹУİ£ȴֻ˲ʮʱ䣬㽫ЩȫںϣԪøӺأԪƷҲƽƷǴдõֻĳɵģ
ҹδû˹У㿪ʼĶӳڲƵͨСйȥ˽ʮ꣬˵õһգͨںҲȫλдеﵽ˰˳ɡԪ񾳽뵽۷壬ԪƷѾʮֽӽƷ
ʶڣÿҹǿգʶѾǵ㣬γһӦС棬Ԫ񾳽ܹô̵ʱڴﵽ۷壬ԪĹϵʶڵԪĴҲѲϵ
ҹδʮչصջ񣬵ҲвĵطǱʶСʶΪ棬ԪΪС棬ԪͬѨһϣȴûгɹЩҲͷ
ҹδҲķûдһܹϣҲΪԼĵ̲ҲΪԼľ粻
粻ûʲô취ڵҹδѾܹ׼ظ֪ڣҲοԼõı紫УָԼ棬ںԼѾܳһΪƷܸߵĿĵַֻû׼ġ
¶
һ棬׼ʱĳڵĴУٽһܡܹۿڲ紫УҲֻʣٶ꣬ȵ꣬Ԫ˵Ҳ׾Թ϶ȴһӵ飬
һ棬ҪԼԪƷͻ֮ΪƷԪ֪ԪƷԽߣĵԽ󣬶ԽܾԽǿߵҲ͸Զ
ϥڷ֮ϵҹδ룬һ֣ıһƺϣܹõơںϾк棬ûԹѾĸɾҪԡ
ſһ㽫һƺ븮С
䡭
ڸɢżΪŨԪżΪŨʶܹ֮壬һϣ̺һ̣ҹδоԼһж
ԪԪ񣬱壬ԡ
һƺҹδһ£һº󣬲ɢһ˿ЧһµĹЧȴǾ޴ģ޴ҹδ𾪡
Ԫľֱ۷壬Ԫͱƽءֻһأƽ硣ƽʿÿһأǶǧΪλһƺȴԪͱ嶼ƽء
Ψһźǣ϶ԪƷûЧҹδԪƷû
У
ƷƷԪֽһЩⲻǺֱĽҹδںԵʱڣλдеȫˡŻԪԪԪ
Ǻö
ҹδĴָлƺϣҹδûмáʱã̫˷ˡҲֻܹԪ񾳽磬Ԫͱ塣ԪƷȴûаΪûµĴпԿˡҲ˵ûˡ
ô죿
ҹδü˼Ҳûѡ񣬱ȥѰҺϣ˵ܹҵһЩҲֲһҲҲʵҹδڶڱ壬ԪԪѾԽܶˡڼĴУҲȱ֡
ĶȥҴأ

ҹδһ

ҹδҡͷԼ뷨һϰˣԼδûкôǲԽġ
ҹδϸƻһȻͷЩڵϵޡЩ޼ҹδ뿴һߵ׵
лΪҵȿǡ
ҹδɫһ㶡
ˣ
뵽Щ޾ԼΧԼҲԼЩܹǣƺҲ˵ùȥ
жٿˣ
ҹδߵףҵȿˡ
һһһɽסڶܵΪϣΪҲҲ۶ܹܵ˵ҹδϵܡֻܵҹδ˵ȶ룬ʶ˹
ݼǰô޲֣һٶˡ
޿ˣԺǸɡЩȵ飬ȥ
ǣ
Ҳûе£Ǻϵܵ˵Ҳûʲôãϣܹæȵġ
һ뿪һʱ䣬Ƚӿʯʱһ
ǣǰǰö
ҹδͷŹǰȻȷ顣ŹԼʱ
򷢹뿪ҹδ̶½ȥٶȣֻһʱ䣬Զȥƻʱ֣ҹδѾһڵĽֵϡ
¥
ҹδ̧ͷһ¥ϵҶ֣¥
¥ɽ绹źܴġɽˣ֪¥Ĵڡ¥ֻһֶ
Ϣ
ҹδ֪Ŵ󳬼Ϊ컯ʿųΪšӵƽʿıһţӵʿıǶš
û磬ΪߵıǺϵⲻζеû紫У෴ǣܶӵ紫еģֻû硣
ɽŹҹδҪľǴЩѡӵ紫еţٴЩӵ紫еѡӵе紫еš
Ȼȥġ
ҪõЩϢ¥һֱӵĵطҹδҪ˽ϢռĸӵʲôУܣ¥֯ضռʮȫ档
ԼķѵĲɾҹδ벻ȱɾ
ҹδ̤˰¥һŮӭĿ˸ʱҹδѾıݣҴ򿪱һߣùй¶һ˿׸ıԼϢŮб϶ҹδľŴ󳬼ţڵʿ롣
ҹδͷǸŮ޵󣬵¥ݣ뵽һŸ󷨵İᡣŮϲ֮󣬲΢Цʵ
ҪʲôϢ
ҪУӵ紫еŶЩЩŵľַЩеļ顣
Ůһλ޶ЩŵĴУֻ֪ϵִСԼûϵͰ¥ûϵԼһϢġбţ˴еʿǰ˭ǵĴУԼܹһǮϵЦݸ
һǧƷɾ
ҹδɫһ㶣ǸŮ޼æ͵ͣⲻ󡭡
ǣֻǾñˡҹδҲ֪¥ӲۣȻҲӼۣǿҲ˵Լľȡ
Ů޲һ֣öҲôаԣҹδ͵
ͣϢ׵õģֻҪ飬ֲҪȫݡЩϢֻҪϻʱ䣬ԼܹҲֻΪ˽ʡʱ䣬𣿡
ҹδ뷴ӦɺʵҪ繦أ
ǰ¥ʵֻϢŮްֵ
Ҫŵĵַ͹أ
ǧƷɾ
һ˰ɡҹδȡһ˹ȥһŵϢûй򣬹Ҳûãܹùƽ粻ɣ
ŮȷҹδĹ뿪ܿȡһ򣬵ݸҹδ룬Ҳҹδ뿴֮ҹδʶ̽룬ܿͿ꣬Ȼȡһݸ˶ԷŮ޺˶֮΢Ц
죡
ҹδͷ뿪ֱ뿪ɣȻһŷȥٴ鿴ݡ
ӵ紫еǧʮӵⷽ紫еţֻʮ
ҹδ滮һ·ͼٶȣһȥһŲ⣬ҲͲһʱ䣬ԼܹŵĽġ
ڽĹźġЩΪߵҲǺϵԲԼвһǵѡʮּ򵥣ҪԼģҪԼӲһӲɵǾʹˡҹδ뻹һգգӦ˳Լļƻ
ˮڡ
һţҹδʱ򣬼ˮɽǰۼźܶˣźܶ䶼ǳС
ǿɽͽԼˣ
ҹδҲȻ䣬ȻЩ˵УתһȦˡȻǿɽͽ
Ҿ˵ˮڶڿɽͽʮӣԳ֡


1015 ս
ҹδһ㣬ȱͽȱʲô̶ȣˮǵʲô̶ȣɽͽԳ棿
ҲŰŶͽЩǵȥͽܣ
ҹδ벻ߵһʿʵѵеŶɽͽ٣
ǵǡʿҡͷҲֻˮˡ
ֻΣ
ԣ
ΪΣ
˵ˮ׼Щǰ˵ĵѡһΪ״ӡ
ҹδ΢΢һüͷ˵ŪһЩΧЩΪ͵ʿû⣬ҹδ۽磬˵ͲͷˡʼӰ¥õϣֳһ˿ԭΧšҹδ²ⲻĻӦҪˮǿˣΧ츳ĵȻչΡűƵˮڲò˼Ʋߡ
޴ڰ
ˮˣȺзһ󻶺
ҹδĿȥһĸߴʿ̤ƴˮڶҹδвɰЦֵ˵ǺϵˣһܹܵŪһ˵ģ
ϸˣΪΣһףһɷǵģӻ
ˮɽǰ˫΢΢ѹһƬžȻʼȽľˮڵʷǽĽһȣʤЩǰ˵ĵһѪڡȻֿʼˮڵδǻЩ˫۷Ź⡣
湻ƴģҹδҡͷ̾Ϣʲôװû뵽һҪôƴ
ҹδԹſɽͽԼȻ͵ģҲܴ˼Ҿ׼Ŀɽͽ䡣ԣҹδģһֱȵɽͽת뿪ҹδʶ
ˮʮ⣬ٲ֮
ˮŲһ٣ȻתȻĿɨȻͷҹδ룬ʵҹδ̫⣬һǹ֮ˡҹδĿҲûлرܣͷȻתʮȥ
ˮɫãʿΪԼ
Լܲȥ
¶˿Ц
ڿɲһţһǳšԼȥ˵ԼŶΣա
òȥ
ˮ̾ϢһʧԭءǱ߼ȺҹδӰҲʧˡ
һٲ¡¡£ٲ֮ϣҹδˮԶˮֵ
ѡ
ҹδ빰ֻˮʱͿżɽˡ
룡
ˮдһʤˣˮڵ繦һۣҾ￴ֻһ顣ˣһ繦Σ
ˮ̾Ϣһ֪ԼܲӦȻڿȺԼд裬㹻սʤԼ˼ұǾŴ󳬼ţڵʿһͨԼŴùģ
ҹʿ°޽ɣֶοҲ̡ԼӦԼŹҲ˱ˡ
Ϊ˵ͳҲܲӦԷ˼ƺûɱԼ˼Ҳֻһ´йԼҲԳȫһ´ʿı¡ͷ
ã
ˮ룡
룡
ˮٿҲ֪ҹδ벻ȳ֣һˮͨȥҹδһȭӭŶԷͨ˹ȥûͨıƽصһӾͰѶԷͨˣȻʶһס
䡭
һ£ˮͷϣˮǱһ㱣ͨһˤڵأȻãȻվŵҹδ룬һһа
ڵֶλǹذ
֪ҹδֻֻǴһ׷ûд׷ͷŷ֮ڶˡ
ˮȡһ򣬵ݸҹδ롣ҹδ뿪ʼĶͬʱʶڵԪʼơһӵʱ䣬㸴ϣҹδ뽫黹ˮ֣鲽ʧ١

ˮ³һ罬һʯͷһƨ棬ڵȻ
ҹδ뿪ʼս֮ãȻսҽչһзǳ˳ЩŵʮԷҪС˼ҿһߡ㲻˼Ҿͻڶߴй
Լѡɡ
˼ҲᣬֻҪӮ˼ң˼ҲٽĹһһ繦
ѾܹƽˡƽĶһʿܹġ
ЩսܽУʮֶݡҹδ붼һȭȥԷͨһףܶ֡ԣû˵ע⡣ЩҲĴǣһʱ䣬ҹδռʮ֮󣬹սŵ飬Ȼûһ˿Ϣ
ҹδȻص˶û֪ҹδ뿪ҹδʱ򣬶һ㡣ԭΪҹδ뿪꣬Ҳʮ꣬û뵽һͻˡ
ǰ鶼ˣ
ţһȥչءҪȥҲȥɡֻÿҪһ졣
лǰ
ҹδٴλصɽ壬Ȼȡһƺϣſһ㽫븹УȻ㿪ʼĶ紫С
Щŵ紫ƷߣٲߣҲ紫Уҹδ֮ǰںϵЩϵʵ
ο⴫жడʮ
ҹδں֮У紫УںϽ뵽֮Сźϵİٱںϵٶȼ졣ֻÿһƺֻܹάһ¡ƺϣҲֻܹάְʱ䡣
紫ǸΪźϵİҹδ뷴ںϵü죬ʱ䣬ҹδ㽫ٶ౾繦ں֮һԪøӵĺضԪƷҹδĸоƷԪѾԶԪľѾƽԲ
ǵҹδԪͱͻƵƽأҲƽڵʱֺϵЧȵ䡣Źһ£ҪԪͱƽԲҪǧƺϡ
ڱ˵ǧˣһƶûˡ
һƺ֮ҹδּһ̱оԼٶȫ½ɾ
Ԫ񣬱ԪΪٶҹδýԪҪԲ磬Ҫǧꡣǧ궼һ
͸˵򣬶ڹںˣû˺ϵİ޷ҹδ벢֣֪ΪԼľ粻˵ľǺϵԲϴﲻںĲΣܹ򣬵ҪںЩΪ֣Ǽ
ܹ֮ںϣٶȼ죬ΪϽӲȥ֮УӲںϵЧ
ҪȥҺɵˡûкɵϣ˵ڶţڵ״̬˵Ҳʱ⡣
ҹδٴ뿪ˣ߹Լ뿪ʮ꣬ǲΣԼǲʿ֮ǰϻúùҹδǰ˺
ҹδһһĺںѰ°ǵѰ֮ȻǱһһ׵Ѱ
ҴʮȥҹδһȴѾǱ֮ǧףȶѾѹͬʱҲŴЧҹδһߴ壬һϸϸѰûҵһƺϣȻǱһףѰżϿ϶ǼΪϡȱĶżأڵɽѾûԼܹҵƶˣҲ⺣ɽΪĻϵĵط֮һ
ֵطԼܹǻԵܹҵƾĻԵ֮ǷܹҵǾˡ
֮ϲʧ֮
ȥҹδѾǧףҹδ벻òͣĺѹͺٶȲļиҹδѾЩﵽܼˡҲǶ˵ѵĴص㡣
ȻҲɵϣǾȴɡȴһأȥǱ
ҹδ뿪ʼ壬ͬʱʼĶںϡȻû˺ɵϵĸΪֲǲһֻܹһ˿Ҳջвһһӡ߳
󣬽뺣Ѿʮ꣬ҹδıƽأķûʲôȴ٣ռڵҺҺĺܴҺáҹδӵе̫࣬ʮģҲ֮һһֻҺǸ״ҺҺӵеĲ࣬ʮѾʮ֮һ
ڿԼǱˡ
ҹδΪѰҺɵϵģԱһƬ̲ȣǱȥȻֿʼѰһѰ꣬ҹδѾǱס
һգѰҹδüëһֳϲٴθо˲Ų֮Ǳ˹ȥȻͿһ⡣ɫĺɵϾһͷųһ⡣
ϣ
ҹδϲϵƷں֮ϣǱ˹ȥƺȻϷȥںʮܹ꣬ҵƺϣҹδüǺڻкɵϣԼҲҪʮʱȥѰδܹѰǵȻȥܹάֶõЧ


1016 ʥ

ҹδԶԶؿ˶ƽɣľǰľĹ֪Ѿͻ˺ϵڣѾǺϵ۷壬ɵͷԼṩԴ֮ǰԼĵϣΪҲùԼԼ˵Ӧܹϵ۷ˡ
ͷһϢľڵĹȻѣҴҳϱֳϲ
ǰˡ
ʲô׵ĵط
У
̱㽫Լ֮ҹδҹδҲ䷳죬Ȼ
ȥɡ
ǣϲɫ
ٴɽ壬ҹδȡһƺϣſ븹Уʼں繦һֻɽ֮ҹδɢ˿˿ϣΧ˿˿ɢҹδĹѾɾ뵽֮С
һƺϾȻάһЧҹδ뽫ʮ紫ȫںϽ뵽֮󣬵ڶƺϻûȫꡣʱҹδԪƷѾƷԪ
Ԫ񾳽ǴﵽԲҲһ⣬Ԫ񾳽ﵽԲ֮󣬱Ҳһ˿źϣҲ޷һ˿˵ͻƵƽˡ
ϸ˼죬ܣǾԼûͻ֮ǰԼԪǲͻƵƽġҲ˵ͻ֮ǰԪﵽԲѾޡ
޾ͼްɣѾҹδʮˡ
ԪͱǿȣȴûдﵽƽԲϵЧҪȺǿ٣ǵһƺϸҹδЧΪֹıԪﵽƽء
źϵЧڣǿհɡ
ڶƺϵЧʧ֮ҹδü֮һ˿ʧʶڵǳӷ࣬貣ȴûҵԪڹǳķ
Ҫ֪ںϵļӳ֮£ϵЧʧȥҹδֵҲû̽롣кϵȻãûкϣѵԼͲˣ
Լ֮ǰҲûкϣҲһֱ
ԣûȥսʣµһƺϣԼԹǳѰ
Ҵʮȥҹδ۾ü֮ûź⵹Ԫڹǳķʽʵ϶Դûжֻľڹʮ꣬üΪƽϲ
ɢЩޣŹصľݣʱĹѾǺϵ۷塣ùʮ˷ܣԭҪͻƵ磬ûǧǲܣȴû뵽̶ʱʹﵽ硣
ҹδȥڴʶ֮ڣ͸߸˵뿪ˡ
뿪֮ҹδ㿪ʼ˶ٶ꣬ûкúù䶫
꣬йжȹȻȡˮͭʿˣιȻǹֻһƽŵӣϵԲκ־ʤȡˮ֮ͭҹδ롣ϯڼ䣬ƹѲ֮κ־ʤЦ
ҹʦãҹⶫϡܵʦõаɣ
ҲûʲôģҲҪУûʲôҹδ뵭˵
Ҳô˵ʵڵõ֮ǰġϴԪ壬ʶǿȡⶼҪڵõ֮ǰáʵϣǵǧ꣬ǲùǸǧʱ䣬ͻƵı׼Ҫķǧʱ䡣
˵Ҳǡҹδͷ
κ־ʤҡͷɾĵǧˡھǹ涨ʱ䣬Լİҡİʿﵽɾˡ֮£һ
ҹδдЦ⣬ʱκ־ʤɲˮͭ󣬻˵ԼӦЩʿҪԼǣҹδãԼЩʿҲδػԼԼһ١ѹԼԼһͣЩӡ
ؼǣھôܺãҡͷ
νˡİʱת˲ǰ棬δؾԶǰ档
κ־ʤĺǺãûΪҹδĵľܾŭ
ҹʦã֪ⶫٻԵ
Ե
Ͳ˵ŵЩؾ԰壬ԪʶˣӦ˵ɽɣ
ţҹδͷ
ɽʿУԴʶоͲ˵ˣǴʶһ飬ɽѵ֮ءŵؾЧҪá֪񲻽Ǵ¿ɽҲ˸Զصؾ
صؾ
ԣ˵ǳڣӦû˵ǳһ
ҹδһȷʵû˵ŵĳڻǳǺʹɽһѹڵıκ־ʤԵҲŵؾؾܶѹڵı
ΪʲôҪţ
Ӧ˺ɽһ⣬ڿ꣬ʱӦòָܻЩ۷״̬Ҫɽʿæ뵽Щҹδȴҡͷ
û˵
κ־ʤǾһһϴľʥأɽ磬ѵĵطҳһѵط
ҹδбһľںںǹ档ԼһֱûҵǳԪİ취ҲܹԼϲ
˵˵̫ڣ̫ӵͼˮʿʥأⲻҪģҪǣϴԪ֮ء
ڣһݣǷʿʥء
һ俪ܹʿԡ
һɽʥء
һ׳أһʥأһʥء
ںͰ׹أ
κ־ʤ¶һ˿ŵҪ٣ûʥءҹʦã㱻ɾʧȥĻԵˡ
ҹδĶˣȴȫܡ⣬Ȼ
Եǿʧȥ˾ʧȥ˰ɡ
κ־ʤɫһǾˡ
һڣ̤ȥ
ҹδҡҡͷŹϵ۷û⡣Լǰȥ
ɽԼ϶ȥˡڵɽԼЩô׷ɱˡ
ڵĳ̫ڵӵͼڵĵݣڵĿڵɽµ׳ءȲȥǷԼޡ·ڵڶԼҲҪ塣ڵĿԼһȥԣȻȥʥأ°빦
ڵĵݡ
ҹδ뵽ռ䣬۾΢΢Ӧȥռ佫ݸиԼռھͻһؾռڵʱ仹Ǿֹġǵڶȥڡ
˾ʣ̫ڵӵͼͳڵĳȥɡ
ˣԼһȥڵĿڶȥڵĵݣȥڵĳĸȥ̫ڵӵͼȥµ׳أȥڵɽ
ǡ

֪Щؾ֮ԿţΪ˻ָЩʱӦûһֱڿ֮ǰǻء
ԼӦȥŪ
ĶŪ
ȻЩţŵйѾԼںϽ뵽ˡԼԪƷƷԼ˿ĵַַƷܸߡŵõЩУַҪߡʮУҲƷƷģҹδʵѾﵽƷжĹڿģҲԼڽźܴϣͻƽ磬һЩϣͻ컯
̶ֻȣҹδ벻⡣Լں˶ŵĹûпܽԼԪƷ
ԼƷ
˿ĵҲƷδĵ;Ϳࡣ
ҹδóһǰ¥йĹڶŵϡ
ӵйܹжپʮ˸
ҹδ˼
ſɲţҪʿģеĶŻֹһʿ
ÿһʿǽģϵֱͬʿҲɽϲˡһʿһţҪͬǰ㷽ʽ²ˡǵĽ͵λԼҪ˼ڹˣ˵еһӵϣҪԼ
ɱڣҲڹԼ
ҪһЩֶΡ
ҹδ룬ʼȡһհȻһۿ¥ϡУЩŵĹż顣ҹδѾںʮ繦ȻţǱҹδں֮зĴﵽһߵľ硣
ԣֻҪۿһļ飬ܹƲⱾĴ·ȻԼķԼдʮ仰Ȼӡ˰˾䣬ֻ䡣


1017 Χ
һ鿴һʮ仰ӡ˾䡣پʮ˸پʮ˵
æһ֮ҹδ뻻һȻ뿪˶˺򣬳ȥ
ɽڡ
һͻȻͣ˸߿գݴǧ⣬һţڣҹδҪݷõĵһӵйĶš;ɽڡҲؽܼš
ԭûȥؽܣϾڵԼӦڶ˿ڵĶвáǣִʱɽڱҹδ벻ͣҲ֣ɽҲǳڵţ󹷻ˣǸôڷ
߿֮У·ȥ
ţ
ϳɽڵţʶǸŵʿʶǸŵķΣ·ǰ֣ȴԼҪݷõڹɽڡҹδһ£ҲڳڵšŴˣҹδȴûʲô֡
ŵŹɽڣڱض֡ⶼԼŵڶڸͲܡͰѱˣʱϹپˡҳڻ֧ڶΪֻܹʤ̭Լĸűøǿ
ҹδ˼Լǲǽᣬڸˣ
˱Ҳֱӵõ˹
ҹδҡҡͷоԼҪԼҲñ¶ԼҪǣؽʲô뷨
ĿζȻҵؽܡؽǺϵԲûͻ磬ܹʵ˲٣ӦǱ壬ԪʶʱؽҲڱϵԲлȻ΢·磬ȴҲûаʽҹδʶ
ؽܣô¶
δ룡
ؽһӾҹδоһϲ˳ҹδʶݣ㴫ȥ
ô㲻Ӧڶɣ
ȱ˵ңɽôڴˣ
Դ⡣
ҪҰæ𣿡
ںó𣿡
ҲûʲôóֵģҿݣıϢҲҪ󣬵ҰЩˣҪ̷ڣҪڵĴй
û⡣δ룬Ϊˣ
ҹδȻ˵ģߴſؾҪȥ
㡭㲻Ҫض𣿡
ȥ
սеؽܿЦãѵ㲻֪ߴؾһȥֳԭΣαװġ
ҹδϢǱˣȻˣҹδ룬ҲظıԼòý˻ᣬԼ˱֮ΪʵΣ
ҹδӸ߿յĺ֮ϸֱڼлؽܵʿ˹ȥ򸲸ϵʿϵʿ˲㱻ؽλԵĻᣬһͨͽֵҹδؽܵǰ
δ룡ؽϲõͬʱҲ𾪲ѡ
Ŷã
Լ·ϵȴҹδ֮£ͬϡԼĲԽԽˡ
˵Ǳڷ䵽ϡĶ
ôԽԽˣ
ҹδĿһʿϣǸʿɢڵܡ
Ǹڵ
ǣ
ȥս
ҹδŲ̤ǲ˹ȥһϵ˹ҹδ˹вΪ⣬һϵֽԼĽڣԼ
ҹδһӹĽĻ˹ȥ
һƣ򶼱ҹδ۳һֻƣƴСһϵƶɼһģһ
۴Բ
ɲΪ⡣
ǽ磬򣬽֮ǵĺ蹵
䡭
ҹδԼȫʵûһ˿ۺͶԷӹĽȻײ
ɫޱ䣬Ľ类䱬ˡֻ۵ں䱬Ľ֮󣬻ûɢĻ˹
æһȭֻƺ˹ȥҲóֻۣۣǽۡ
һСɽȭͷƴ۶ײһ˫˫
ɫٱ䣬ҹδȴһϲ
ԷȭͷĴС֪ԷڽҲֻ״̬ԼȴǴԲؼǣԼڵԪ񾳽磬ƽصԪں϶ɡξҪԼڵΪ磬һʲôʵ
ϲ
ԼıǵͨҲκһʿ
ˡ
ҹδһ֣һۺ˹ȥԷҲһʽ۶Ժ˹ʱǸԭֵģһԣ𾪵ؿҹδ롣
ʶҹδ룬ϴҹδؽܵʱǸʱҹδ벻һϵԲ
Ŷ
ҹδҲһϵԲ
һϵԲôһڴƽ֡
䡭
ǰƺȭͷٴײһȭͷֱӱȴֻȱһָŶԷĻ˹ȥ
һҹδȺɢ˶ԷĽ磬ֺͶԷĽײűֱӺͶԷĽײ˲˶ԷĽ磬Է
⡭ɫȻƽְ
ˡ
ҹδŶԷĳƣԷһУ㽫ԷĴָץ˹ʶ̽룬оһϲǸйˣûбҪȥˡ
䡭
ڵʿԼˣһɢ׷Ӵܡ˹ҹδ빰ֵ
лҹѡ
ҹδڰ֣ʶֻȥʥ·аհɣ
У
δ룡ʱؽҲ˹дһ糤ϣҹδʩ
ҹδ빰ֻ񣺡ҾͲһˡУҳֵ飬ҪǱܡ
û⣡
̵ͷŵԭҲǼʶҹδ룬ӾڿҹδˣҲ֪˭Ҳ֪ҹδǱ䵽˶ϾǳڵĸţڳһЩ黹Ҫ˽ġȻ͸й¶ҹδ١
ǣ
ҹδŲ̤ǲα˲ʧ鿴ҹδʧķ򣬸п
ǳŵʵһϵȻѹ磡
Զ˴֮ҹδ뵽쾰ڵķȥ·ϣҪݷõĵڶš
һպ
ҹδ쾰ڵɽǰʱҹδѾòһһ֪ǹڳɢǿϢ
ɽŵ쾰ڵӣЩսսĹʩ񣬶Ŀǳ֮һ׶ţڵʿ
λǰ
ҹδӹȥ򣺡
ǣǰԵȣ
ʿҴҶȥҹδվɽǰ̨ϣ΢΢ɽڵʿһɫš
һаϹʲô
ѵ˭
쾰֮ټųϣʿʿҲ֮϶ֳԥ֮ɫ
һ仰仰ǵȴ̫ˣǹŵ繦תܣֻ仰͵֮ǰٵԻ󡣶滹ŷӡһ֪ӡŵǸĹת
ǣŶĪĺô
ǣһȴΪѣЩŭ
һǣҶīҲҹδĻҪдһӮˣϣܹһתСȻǸ͸ǵӡȥһǣ滹ӡŰ˾仰ҶīˣҲȥӡͬʱ͸һ紫СȻԼ뿪
ǣǲӦҶīͻսһɱһԺ쾰Ҳͱ˴ڳͣ쾰ھɱ
ǴڵмУܹǸоҶīżŨšţ쾰ҲκãΧҲ򲻹
˵ҶīΪޣžŴ󳬼֮һڵıҶīţ쾰ֶҲΧɱ
ҲʿΪѵĵطҶīĹݣеϻԴ⬣޴¿ڡ
Ҷī˵ԼֻһϵԲŴʿʵǿܹԾ׶սڵͨĪ⡣ΧһӦܹùɣ
ùΣ㻹ɱǵ
ǵǲᣡҡͷֻҪ˵һˣͻ뿪ֻǴֲɱ֣ضʵԶʧִĿԡȵս߾ˡ
ͷΪ˳ʵ£ҲҶīзڵĻᣬҲڵıҪɽǰҶīսҪɽΪ֪
ãˣ
쾰ڡ
ɽǰ
ҹδȻ̧ʿɽ߳мǸʿֵ
쾰ԪҶѡ
ҹδ빰ֻ񣺡
Ԫҹѣǳŵ쾰ս㣬һ繦ƽ֮ǰ͸ҵڵķӡȥҲ쾰ڣ


1018 ʿ
ǣҹδͷˡ
ȻӦԪȻ
ã룡
ҹδһ̤Ͽշȥ쾰Ҳſзȥʱ쾰һƬȻ
ϵս簡
ҿ˫˶ע
Ҫ֪ʱҲ쾰͵ŵʿϢܿش˳ȥ
֮ϡ
쾰ʿƷνҹδΧм䣬ԪЦ
֣Υɣ
Ȼ㣡
ҹδ̹Ȼҹδ̹Ȼ練ɫһݣһࡣ
ˡ
ڣڣûۣԣһһͷųԼĽ磬ҹδײ˹ȥվҹδԪڣ˽磬ȴҲֻǸոţ¡һȦۡ
ҹδ裬˫ֱȭΪԼݣȫõǱȻʶһ㣬׺Ȼ
䡭
ϵĽ˲䱻ǿñ׺˵ϣʿͿѪ˳ȥ淽ҹδһȭ˶ԷĽۣڶȭֱԷȥȻԷԼͷˣǱѪ
ҹδûٳ֣ڿС
߿֮ϡ
һƬž
֮ҲһƬžЩʿͷͬӲһ룬𾪵еĸˡ
졣
ԪŴΧһϵȴһдܵ˹зǶҹδһ˿м
˵ʿԸ죬ǰҶīȴûгʤ׷㿪ڵ
Ҷѣһ𡣡
ҹδҡͷˡ
ҲãԪҲӦ˹˼ҲԼţһԼŴ󣬶Ҷīһвϵȡһ͵ҹδǰ
ҹδץסʶ̽룬Ԫڷڸƣȷ˹ȷܿ츴꣬㽫˻ȥ
ңҸ⡣
ԪһϲԷãһʿȡ˹ҹδ뽫ڵķӡ˻ȥ̤̤ǲʧӰ
Ͽҹδʧķ򣺡⻹ǹʿ𣿡
ԪҡͷŹڵķģɣǲֱӴǿҪǵĴеġ
ҹδٶȼ죬һһţ쾰һġ
һ죬˵ʮŸšʱھʢ䡣ҹδ붼Щ˼˼ʢʱ򣬴Ҳʱ䣬ɰյķɽţ򡣺ܿʿʿҲơԼʢ䣬
ҶҹδѾʮϤȻûмҹδսʮŵϢͿʼĺܹ㡣֪ԼҲҹδĶ֡ǰսʮ˸ţеʵǿǶ򲻹ҹδ룬ô
ʩ֮ͨǸڴʿֿЦ
Ҷѣ֪ҲĶ֡Ҳ˽սŵľֻ֪ҪУȴδϹ˵ԣҪȫһʽһʽ֮󣬹Ȼϡ
ҹδ֪Է˼ԼǿĶֲ֣ǵһѵõдĻᣬνУԼĲ㣬֮ǰã֮ϵͷ
ã
շ𣬳˸߿գ˳ƷΣȻҹδˡҹδһñȭ˶ԷĽ磬ͬʱ׺ڶԷϣöԷζӸ߿еȥһξ룬ɫò԰סȻµطҹδ빰ֵ
лҶ飡
ҹδڰ֣ĿⶢλλҲɴȡ͸ҹδ롣
а
ԷĻšŵˣԹڵֶΣŲ֪ˣ˵ˡ
ԮţЦˣ˼Ҳֻͨսн飬ǲܵģѵΪһţóź͹ڿս
ҹδѸٵظֽ͸Է⣬ֱʧˡ
¹ȥҹδѾڷʮţսŵϢԽԽ㡣ɽʮֹϢȻûдɽĸ䣬ȴҲ˺Զ
һա
˹ڡ
սĵʮŸš
ŲɣǺ͹ЩϵȻĲǹڵĹ
ٻޱһŮޡڣڻҶīҹδ뾭ϸ˽⡣ΪҹδѾսʮˣźܴĿսڡϸ˽⡣ҶīʿźܴĿԾǹʿȻͨϵ͹ڵʿûнҶīˡҶīǹ콾أ
ҶīȻսֶκ͹һޣɭɭȴʿǰпᣬ뵽ĿǰΪֹҶīûɱһˣӮֻ֮ǵһ߶ԷĹɾ뿪
Ҳţ̫ڣڵȣûвҹδսԭ
ʿսˣ
òã
ⲻٻޱ뷨˿ҶīܾӰӿ֮ԷȻԼ򲻹ҶīһĽҲǵðѹҶīǲ粻򣬺ͶԷһЩԴ
ԣʱٻޱЦòãͬһ㣬Ҫźҹδ뽻ȴȻԶһ챬ȣ
ҶīҲͬ⣬˽뿪սڣһȥ
ǹִóϣڷ
˵ںͰ׹˶ⶣù˵뵱ڣһ׳󡣵׳˳ŵıʱǵԣùʿ̣ɱ˺ܶʿǡΪԽԽԽԽǿӰ쵽ߴ󳬼ŵԴϷ֣ӭߴ󳬼ŵΧˡ
ߴ󳬼ŵΧ˿νУҲûǸʱĹ纣ʱ򣬶չˡȻҪվȴŵĽŸֻҪǵסߴŵĽԺǾĺߴ󳬼ƽƽϷԴ
ǵ͹ߴŵʵΧǵľġ
ǵűˡʿɢӡһӱ㱻ӳŴ䷲
ǹЩʿҲǿת£ǧʱ䣬ҵһʺǹڷչĵطǾǷ档
½ţĻһַչǧַչ˳ŵĳ̶ȡ
ʵǷǸط̫ʺϹˡ
ʱ򣬹ҪϷɽԴͷˡǲǶڷ֮Сڷ֮ǰȫߴ󳬼ҲΧ˹ڣòʧǣǶڷ棬Ҳʧȥ˺ߴ󳬼ŹϷԴĿԡһԴһ죬ľأ
ԣڿʼǵڶζߴŵĿ
ߴߴٴϣǹڷвҳߴŻ˷棬Ƿ̫ΣգֶߴڵʿźܴĿƣξͰѹˡ
ˣҲԪˣǳš
ǹŷڣջǻָ˹ǹҲǡǷַڵԴԽԽˡҲһҪ⣬ǹûľ콾ȻҲ컯ʿսȴߴž콾ɳ컯
򲻹˼ң
ܹ֮ͻ컯ΪڵԴǶѵǸ硣ľ콾ɳ
ʷʵǿҲ콾ɳûо콾ڹڡ
Ҳӵо콾ĸ콾ڣ
ܵ
ǣյһȷеϢǱһʿֻһϵԲȻսţһս磬ܹսʤ֮
սʤ֮ɱ˶ԷžԱϵĲͬɱԷһЩܹսʤԷأ˵ҶīʵԶЩ硣
׵һ콾
˷ˡ
̱ţյõĽȴǣڸûҶīôһˡ˸߲Ʋ⣬ܿǹڵһο͵ڶοɢĹʿĺ
һֱȱʲô
ȱľǾ콾Ȼ콾ɳͻ컯ΪܹߴЩܱȼĴڡ
ھȱһĸ߶սȱһ쵼ߡһˣδزܳ߳棬ڶڷУΪһĳţԺߴ󳬼ŹϷɽ档
ԣһ˱عڣصȫ֮
һɢĹڴˣضѱδԸصڡͱҪҶī֪е
Ҫ㡣
һ㣬Ҷīһƽʿȥ
ҶīǺϵһƽȥǶ󾳽磬ǻҶīҶīҲڡԣֻܹȥ
Ҫ˵Ҳ߳Ҷīһ󾳽磬Ҷīһֱսʿ
ˣʿȥû⣬ֻҪùڵͨҶīҶīץĥĥҶīӡ
ڶ㣬ùڵͨҶīҶī֪ǿ󴫳ڹڣҪߵøԶøǿֻڡ
ԣǿһԲĻܺϵҶīҶīץҶīսĶ


1019 
ҶīҲֻȥսţȥսһţ˵սˡҶīҲϵԲΪ򲻹һŵЩ硣һŵв콾㲻Ǿ콾ҲǺϵܹսġ
ˣԼһԲǹԲʵǿģҶīҶīץ׾١ô˵ҲǿԱȼ糬ŵĴڡ
ԣڷˣ
ٻޱʶڷϢڷģڷġȴû뵽ڷˡвãʱҺҶīҹδ
ҹѣȥסڷ
ٻޱ˵꣬Ҫӭڷȴҹδס
ԷҲ磬ԼΪʲôҪˣ
ڣ
ԼһֱԹڵӵսȻԼһֱûйϣҲûзϡˣԤ뵽Ҳ뿴Լͳежٲࡣ
˵ˡ
ˣԺôս
ôù
ܾĵģʱΧкܶʿΧۡйڵģҲźͼģɢޡҹδһ·սӰԶдʿע
ⲻҹδովڹڵǰϢͷɿشȥŴʿۡһвʿƽ⡣
ЩʿԹۣ²ؼ߸߹ԭЩֵˣֹܹڵ飬Ǿ͸ܹڵˡ
ʿʿӿɲ
Ǻڷе˼ҶīӦǹ콾ڶҶīŹ滮ȴû뵽ҶīԼ͵͵뿪ţʼս֮áùڸ߲ŭɺڷץҶīǺܺ棬ҶīԹԵظźڷȥǻ
ٻޱʱΣԼΪѹƲסҶī͸˵ѹƺڷˡʿԼɽŵսԺڵǱڻˡ
ĿΧЩţ壬ɢеˣЩ˶һһ㣬޷ӦĿ
ůٻޱ̾Ϣ
ΧʿǱ߷ĺڷҹδҲת˺ڷٻޱˡʶ
ҶѣȻͺڷǹʿͲҪˣҸطԼòã
Ҷīȴǲÿɷ񣬺ͺڷʲô˽ģ
ԼսùǾǶԼǰ̣ǰͬɱ˸ĸ飿
ǴʱҲеתΪʲôڷ˵
˵Լǹ֮ˣ˵Լ˽뿪ţҪԼץȥ
ڻǰԼɹ֮ˣ
ܰ
ڿ϶飬ûԼˣѵģ
Ҳܰ
ѵɺԼһ
ôɵ飿
ʱΧЩҲ۷׷ס
ǸڷڣҶīҲһ֮ͺڷк˼ûУѵҪһʿ֮ս
㵣ʲôҶīڹҲһڣǺڷ˵ףȴδظɱҶīû˵ֻҪץҶīȥ˵ˣҶīսʮŵʵδؾʹ򲻹Ǹڷ
ҶīᷴͺڷһָʤܡҶīӮˣսˣȻźڷȥ
ҿδأҴҶīпɱ⡣
ҹδӭ˺ڷȻ˶Լĺڷ֮ǰڻȪҲʿȴûк͹ʿ֣⻹ǵһֱʿŪ׹ڶԼ˼Լǹڵӣʲôıźڷ
ȷǹڵӣ
ڷɫһ㣬û뵽ҶīôزԼĹڵӡĵ׹ɭɭǹڵʲô
ʿǹڵӣĸŵĵӣ
˵Լһ̨ӦϣĻ˼ԵľܾɢĵӣǾ콾Լİǡʶ
ʦã·Ӿǹڵ·ӡһĹʿĺսţѾ˸ŵͬ飬˵ͻ᲼壬Χɱ㡣ǸʦһڰɡֻҪһȥڣŻἯȫڵԴ㣬ĻҲʺǹʿ
һȥɣ͸϶㶼Ρ
ҹδĬƬ̣ʶʦ֣޵·սܾôҲܾôȥڡڵ뷨ҵ·ҪߡΪԴЩ³ˣʿϳˡһûʿԴѣҲѲ컯ֻҪԴ⡣ΪûԴҿ
īʦ֣㲻ҪҡңǾǵҵĵ;ҵ;ˣֻһֶΣǾɱˡ
Ҫ𣿡
ڷɫһȻŭԷҲ̫ˣȻƶɱԼ
ԼɲͨԲԼǹڵԲǾŴ󳬼֮һԼǹԲеĵһ֡ԷһϵԲΪԼܹսеԲ
һ뵽ԼĶѹеŭʶ
Ҷʦãҵ˼ҲҪ㣬Ѿ˵ˣѾսʮţѾߴ󳬼ŵĹע
Ӧ˽ߴ󳬼ŶǹڵĲпᣬǾԲؿǹڳһ콾ضɱ㣬ƽʿܳ֡ʱ䲻̫ãѾʮΣˡ
ߣ̷ţǰȫ֮ߣò˶ãͻߴ󳬼ŵ׷ɱ
ҹδһ
ڷ˵еԼ⡣˵

źܴĿԣߴ󳬼Ż׷ɱԼ
ԼҪҪźڷȥڣ
У
ҾԲȥڣĸͲǹڹһ뵽ڣضᱩ¶ˣɡ
ɱ˺ڷһʲô
ߴ󳬼Ż᲻Ϊݻ֣
ҿ»ӭڵ׷ɱ
Ҷīݲˡǻһٶûս
һݣ
һҲûΣգЩԼҪõڵԼҪҪɱڷ
ܣ
ԼûбҪϹڣûбҪȽڵĹõ˵
ʶٻޱҲɱ˺ڷҲԣҪڵĹֻһ顣
ã
ʱٻޱɶģ
ֻҪɽŵսͺãʲô֮ģˡȡһ͵ҹδĸǰҹδץʶ̽ɿظơԶĺڷҲĵصȴ
ܿ죬ҹδ͸˹ջٻޱȻתԶȥڷһϲΪҶīҪعڣвĿɨˣǲҪŹȻҹδ׷˹ȥ
ЩʿĿرЩƽʿջûиȥлɹڲֻɺڷôһԲҶīܻܿƽ磬컯ʿڰ
ʵˡֻкڷһʿ
ڷĹܿ죬ˣҹδҲľ롣ľʮֻȥûһ£˦ڷû˦ڷ֮ǰҲñ¶
Ҷʦãͣ¡ڷʶѾ
ҹδ벻üͷɱǲˡĿһɨŻ˼ٷȥڷһҪҸط̸̸
ڷҲٴˣí˾˺档
һ
ҹδѾ뵽Ѿܹȷźڷûˡͣ˵棬̧ͷԶա
Զա
ڷһϲȻҪ̸̸α·Ʈ䡣
䡭
ҹδ봥˵ķһںڷͷϺ޶ŵֿǶȴʮ־¡й׵ģ
Ҳˡ
ڷһͻȻ˳鴤ŵ׹䡣ҹδϢڷʧȥɡһӹӹ󣬰һƬѪ꣬ڷѾʳࡣ
ҹδ̽뵽˲Զȥ
պ
ҹδӶɵȻ߽һǡ
̫ǡ
̫ڽĴǣƹ̫ǵҲ̫ڵʿ̫Ǿ̫ڲԶ
ҹδ߽̫ǡ
ʱҹδģѾ˱仯ϵϢҲˣһ˿Ĳţ÷˵Ϣй¶ʱҹδͬһˣ⻪ԡһͨ·ͬһɢޡ
׼ݼսҪıͨǲˣҲñ͸ˡ
ҶͬǸݣҪʮɽýӭСڶеһнԼԾս
ο
һĺϵԪ񣬶ԪȴﵽƽءԪƽصԪнΪ羳ԼĶ֡
̫̣
վ̫ǰȻ˽ȥ
֪ԼҪټʮɽǲ֪öõʱ䡣ֻй򡣶˽е֪̫ɽߵģôһţӦʮԽĴ
͹٣ҪЩʲô
Ҫƹ̸̸
ǻƱһ㣬ǻҲһʿȴǿҹδΪؼǸоҹδһˡ
Ұҹδ뵱һ


1020 ټ
иֳһʣ豹棡
ɫӵؿ͹
˶¥ż䣬żŸָҹδ裬ȻòҹδԵȣ뿪
ܿ죬һʿ˽
һϵʿ
̫ɽ£һ̣ȷʵҪʲôΪʿһϵѾܸˡǸϵʿһҹδ룬иΪ֣ء
ҹδ¶ϢǾһˣҹδɫȴΪƽһ˸ҿ̵̫Цһƽ
ˣǰ˾Ƿ豹Ĵˡֵλγƺï
Ҷͬҹδֻ
˼֮˫˫ïżɽҶѣҪһЩʲô
ҪʮƷɽҪܹҴ룿۸Ƕ٣
ïɫһҡͷЦʮ϶ղ룬ʮʮԣ಻ᳬʮ
ҹδһ£Ʒأ
ïһǴʮƷɽӦܹѴճ۸һƷɽҪʮƷɾʮƷɾ
ҹδһüͷڼ۸Ҳ˽⣬Էļ۸ǹûôƷɾ㣬ԼϵƷɾҲͰʮƷɾɲİٶء
Ҷѣ۸Թ
֪ûôɾ
ҹ㡭ïɫһ䡣
ҹδڰֵһ취ҪƹİæȻװһá
˵ïҲʮֺҹδİ취
⼸ռ˴絤ĲҩҶ絤źƹӦú̫ǵĳɣ
졣ͬʦֵܡ
ͨһټ̫ǵʦЩ̫絤ʿɵʵͣƷҲ͵ʦҿԸṩҩָ絤Ƶ絤ҵġҲ˵Ҵڸ絤ķṩҩ֡ƵĵҩȫҵġΪһꡣ
ҲòǸʱҾܹӵ㹻ɾʮƷɽˡ
ҪڳæҲҪڳæһ鲻СĵطҪЩ˰æҷַҩյҩȻۡѿܲܰ죿
Ҫٰæķã
ïϲ
̫С絤Ѿڸ߼ҩʱʮִ󡣶һʢ¡ϵرʿǰۿΪҪһꡣʱ̫ӿôʿǵҲܹ̫ڴ׬һʡԼֻҪļ۸ЩҩȻתһܹôɾ⻹Ҫʲôã
ïкܶҩ
ܶ࣡㹻
̫ܶǲ̫˽⣡ï͵̫ǲ̫У̫ҲʦĻ֮ءֻǺȣЩһһµűȡ̫ڵˮƽǺܸߵġԣ̫ҲۼŴʦ񣬼ֱǰ͸ЩʦֵĻᡣ
ʦӦסʦòҩѻģҩҪɾûгɹ絤ģ۲ԣԣһ񣬱˵̫ڵЩԸʦˡ̫ڵʦӵҲûһ֣Ҹ㣬»гһʦܹҩǾ޴ġĲҩܹһꣿ
ҹδЦҲҪ٣Щˮƽ̫û絤Ҳֻһ¯ĻᣬȻͻᱻһ¯϶ǿˡܹɹƳ絤ֻǳʺƷ
ïͷĻӦòᳬǧˣҲˡҪĲҩ
ҹδҲ֪ҵĲҩܼܲôʦһꡣҩۣ϶ԶƷɾֻҪĿģҿʱ񡣡
ͺãïȻͷ߳˳û⣬ҲظáƵĵҩȫ۸ǣгܼ۹Ȼתֳۣܹ׬һʡƵҩĵطɳЩ鶼ģǶףֻҪͿˡ
ǾͶлˡ
лǻݵ顣Ѳ⣬סΣԺסĵط
áǾ鷳ˡ
ҹδסï͸ˡԴҹδԺҹδס¡ȻҴҵǰˡȻֺïҴҵط̫ڡ
̫ڵԶʱһϹҶīĻ㱨㱨֮󣬼һЦ
Ǻߴ󳬼ɱǵǸ콾СǾ͵ǸҶīɳܹʲô̶ȣ
˵δܹͻƵ컯浱컯ôͻƵģ
˽̫ǳΰ̫ï
ǽ
ҹδԼķڲ˸󷨣ȻʼڷոҩȻ󽫲ҩװһУȻٽŽָС˰ïˡҹδͻᷢ񣬶ҽ̫ǵ㳡ҹδ룬̫ǰҹδ봫һʢ䡣
ҹδνï˼֮ï뿪ʼոװҩ
ʮʱ䣬ֹˡܹһǧʮʦʮʱ䣬ҹδҲҩո꣬װˡ

ҹδ˸ſڣ˷ţïݹվ⣺
Ҷѣһж׼͵ˡ
ͷֵˡ
ͷҶѣ룡
룡
˳̣̫㳡ȥ
Ҷѣ֪ж𣿡
ж٣
һǧİʮˡ
ôࣿҹδҲǾȡ
ïЦ⻹ǽ˱ֻԽԽࡣĲҩûɣ
û⡣
Ǿͺãï˿ʼ
ͣҹδïӳ㿴ˣ纣һ㡣ҳһˣкܶ࿴ֵˡһЩ̯ʿ׳һʢ䡣
ߣïҹδҲ㳡ϴһ̨֮ϡ
ˣ
λƹԱߵǸŮ޾ɵʦɡ
ϵϢƽôһһ㡣
㶮ʲôǽ豹棬˲Ǵʿ㵹Ƿâ¶ˣֻһܵ
ɵʦҪ˵ˡ
㳡ҹδĿɨ㳡ϵһˣվڸ̨£ǰһϡһ˷װͳһ̫ڵķΡҹδĿһϣï͵
Ҷѣһٸ˶̫ڵͽ׵ӣҲǶȤĵӡæַҩȡҩջ۵Ҽ㵤ҩܼۡҶѣŵùҰɣ
ŵù
ǾͺãïЦڵʱˡ
ҹδͷĿٴһˣڵλѣʦûԣҾֱ˵ˡһһ¯絤һƣһ߽⡣֮󣬴ҿʹ絤⡣ҽϡַÿһݲҩҿʼ
ɹƳ絤ˣֻһųʣҲ£뿪ʣµˣΪʱһꡣһڵʱһṩ絤Ĳҩʱ򣬲ϵָǡͬ⣬ھͿʼͬˣڿ뿪
ҹδʮϢʱ䣬û뿪ͷãע⿴ע
ҹδȡһ¯Ȼָһһ¯¯Ѹߡҹδȡһݲҩһһ߿ʼ⡣ֻǲӵʱ䣬һ¯ɣʮţʡҸǼƷ㳡ϵһƬȻҹδȡ˵ҩݸԱߵïȻ
ڴҿˡ
տʼʵʿܶ࣬ǽȥΪ⣬ܶ඼Ǵҹͬ⡣֮Ҳû⡣ҹδȡһݸһ̫ڵӵ
һٸ˷һ£Ȼַÿʦÿʦһݲҩ
ǣҶǰ
ҩܿطַȥһʦʼҹδûָ㣬Ϊξ൱һοˣܹƳ絤£µ뿪
飡
ը¯ˣʮźԼ¯ȻŸ̨ϵҹδʩһȻ뿪
顭
ʱը¯絤ôƵġеԴˣֲС˰ʱȥ㳡ϲϵ̾Ϣһʧ뿪ֻʣǧٶʮһˣеǽңֻƳһ絤ߵҲƳŵҩƷҲƷ
ҲǡܹƳƷȥʲĻ˭ҹδ׸һ갡
Լ׬Ǯ
ҹδʾһٸ̫ڵӼҩʶֳǧơעÿһˡʱʶЩĴָ֮㣬ȻÿһʿˮƽڷٵߡҹδĲҩòһ㣬ṩЩʦֻҪʦ̫ҪϢָҹδһֱṩҩѶĲҩ֧£Щʦ벻ɿܡ


1021 ƺƴ
һԵïЦ˻һչ絤͸һĵҩչˣһɾ
ˣ
ֻǵһ죬һꡣҿԤǣǧʦʻԽԽ࣬絤ƷҲԽԽߣԼ׬ҲԽԽࡣôҹδ룬ԼĲԴ
ʱһȥȻÿһʦֱִĲҩѻ£ҹδ뵥ϸָ£ԽԽߣƷҲԽԽߡ
һ£ٵѾﵽţڶ£ٵҲš³ٵĿţĸ£ٵš£ٵţ̶ȣҪʾͲףҲЩʦоϲЩԭһˮƽʦѾܹһ¯߿šҲûٶҪ˿ž͸ˡ
˵£ٵţߵ߿ţǵҩƷѾûƷˣ͵ҲƷҾƷƷֻʦܹƳƷ
ʱ䣬ƷɾѾ׬ˡҹδ뻹ʣ²ٲҩֲ̫Ĳҩó絤ֻһ֣иĲҩĲϡҹδЩѵõһʮƷɽѾ͵ҹδǰҹδڸ̨ϣһָЩʦһ߿ʼʮɽ
Ҵֹȥĸ¡͵Ѿܹһ¯ţʮʦܹƳƷûһܹƳƷҹδ絤ĲҩѾùˡƳ絤۸ïȡٶڵƷɾʱǧʦδͬʱҲϲʮµʱ䣬̥ǡ
ϵĲҩṩʱʱ̵ָ̿㣬ʮڵĽȹȥʮ궼졣һվҹδʩ񣬿ڳҶʦïʮĽҹδʮ£˵ȵ𣬶ҵõǧʦ𾴡ȻǧʦΪߣҲֻܹƳ絤Ҳһ֧Сδأ
ЩʦнеһЩ˺ܿܳΪɵʦʦֻڣҹδ£ǸһǧʦضӦǧʦֻҪƵҩʿҹδ룬ǻһ֧˿־
ҹδҲʮͬһʶΧԪ

ΰ԰ھдҹδ룬ϯ֮ΰ
Ҷѣûм̫ڵ뷨Ҷѿϼ̫ڣ̫ڿһϵλá
ҹδڰֵһɢޣҲԸһɢޣȻԴḻҲϲοֻһϵԲҲûʸΪһϡ
ΰ¶ȣΪҹδһֱ¶һַ˵Ϣ˿͸ΪΰïǷ豹棬λҶͬҲһΪҶֻͬһϵԲβԾ
ֻһϵԲïԾʵ
ٰҹδЦ
ïҲһϵҹδԣҹδĸоǸĪ⣬Ԩ纣̾
Ƿ豹ˣսһǿ
ҹδͷҵսǺǿţҶīսţںϵԲѾˣоƿҲģλʿսſʼ֪ǷУ
⵹ûʲô⣡ΰɽҲʱ顣սζΣգпܻʤҲпʧܣ
ףҹδͷҪԵǻĥҲĿǰΨһһ·
ïͻȻڵҪʮɽΪս
ţϰ󣬿˵ҵսû㹻Ľҵʵ롣
׼ʲôʱʼսΰʵ
ɣһ뿪̫ǣʼҵս֮áҲһһɳ죬ͻ硣Ҳ;
һɹġ
лл
գҹδɾסï
պ
ҹδï£ȥïһֱЦЦҹδûףʵ
ֵΪηЦ
ïЦȥ֪ˡ
ҹδ̵߳ĴţסˡվˣѴֶµģоǧʦҹδ߳һʩ
ݼҶʦ
ҹδЩ£ǣ
һڶҶʦǵ֪ҪԺϵԲľ磬սŵ硣ͬУΪҶʦ׳
ҹδ벻ɿïïæҡͷ˵ġ
˵ģΰԶ˹˷׷ÿΰߵǰЦڵս׷׳˵Բԣ
ԣȣɲǧʦһˡܶ࿴ֵġҲҪȥһϵԲսʿġ˵ҲһҲһ۹ۿĻᡣܴ
ҹδ벻Σ治⡣ûЩˣԳٶȺܿ졣Ҳʹʱ䣬ܹʣµһٶսꡣЩ˸棬˵Ҫʮʱ䣬ࡣ
ïЦеطȡһƴСۣݸҹδٱ֮ʣҲûʲô͵ģҶһ۰ɣԴ
ҹδϲۣԽʡԼ·ʱ䡣̫ˣҸɾɡ
ïҹδУƲңǰɣɣͻƵɵʦܹƽⵤʱ̫ǣٰһʢΣ
ðɣҾҹδ벻ٿ˷ۡïΰֵλѣˡ
أ
ҹδ˽ֵϵЩʿһΣλѣҲװ¶ˣǡ
ҶʦԼ취㲻Ҫǡ
λλΰ̧˫֣ôҰȻ̫ڿṩһۣ͸λҶʦֻҪɾͿԡ
ҹδƲ죺磬Ǽ̡̫ڽԼսֻʿܹ׬һɾֲôġ
һգҹδȥսľȻʿҹδ뽫ʹٶȣԼһ£۵ٶҪࡣҲܿ졣Լսʣµһٶţʱ䡣
ɡ
ڡ
еһҹδҪսڵϢʹ˴ڡΡû뵽ǸҶīʧˣһҶͬ
ɣӭսǣҶͬʲôܹԽսġһʦú
ʲô
ҹδվڴǰ͵дһ£ʤˣ뿴ڵĴйʤܣ͸㡣
ҹδ͹ȥһΧ˶Цˡ
ҶͬȫģҶī
ǲ֪ûҶīı¡
˵һʦģҶīôôÿЦأ
ҲЦˣҶͬǸЦ㻹˭ܹģҶī
һʦҲ䣿
ú
ǵ֮ϵЦʧˡ
ֻܹ仰һӡӡ仰Ϻܴ
⡭
˵Էʵ϶û¶ƽϢô򵥡

Ƿ豹棡
򣬸ɴ룡
룡
鲽ſзȥΧʿҲ׷׷𣬳׳ۡ
֮ϡ
Զ
Ŀһͬʱ֡
ϡ
һҹδüкʮɽһʱ䣬ҹδҲûţֻһ£
ԭͰУҹδľпռ䣬ԣ˵̫ѡ
ʱнֻ˲ͽԷĽʵ֧顣öԷڱѪæ䡣
ΧĿһ£ҹδǰЩ˷һ󻶺ôɫࡣͳ˹ҹδܿ츴ֽ꣬͸Է⿪ӡҲͣһŷȥһҷۡ
ҹδϥڷڣսսţɲΪ˹ҲΪĥԼǺ׵Ӯ˶ԷҲûʲôϲΪ֪Էֻһŵ˵ͳŵȣǺһŵȣʵҲǲһǰ
ԼܹսʤԷζԼԺɨ
ԣսĹУҲϵԼڱҲԽнںϡȻսʱݣҲûзԼĲ㡣
򣬻нڵľ㡣нںϸǾŲСľ롣ܹнںϡȻûһĸ֪Ǳضʮǿ
ҹδһսȥսҶīͬҶīս꣬·ٶʮֿ죬û֪һսĸšֻ̫ܹ࣬ܳۡʱţҶͬԽԽ
û취
ûսʧܣһ·ѹսҶͬ


1022 ʶ
ɲͬսԾսԸۿսԽԽࡣһ󣬸ŵѾ󳬹ʮӽʮÿһҶͬս涼ʮ׳ۡЩսˣҲû˱̬
˶ˣҰܲã
ο˼ҶͬӮˣԼԼҹ򡣶ҲֻǻԼ˺Լ
ʲô
սʤԷǾܰɡȻԼ˹УҲõ˶Է򡣶һܹһ־ȫһÿԼİΣ
Ҳֵˣ
ˣ
Ȼ⼸꣬Ҳ˻ҶͬǲҶīݸİ硣رǹڣΪҶīʧˣڷҲˡ˶ΪҶīźڷعˡֻй֪Ҷīûлһڷ
ҹδΪҶīһޣⲻܲùڻɡǣҲ˹۲Ϣȫͬ
ʿԸıòݣϢı䲻ˡ
һɭɭһƽ
ȫһˡ
ҶīȥĶˣ
˹ȥ롣ҹδһսȫսˣûʲôաԼöˡ
վڷϣܼʮʿֵλͬһЩ򣬲սȥˡҪȥչأͻ硣ͬ͸λѸ𣬴Եټ
˷׷ɢȥû˶˵ʲô⼸ǸҹδۿսÿҲҲҪȥ򡣷Щʦҹδ˵˼䣬ϣгһգܹ̫ٴμ档ܿ죬оʣҹδһˡҹδһʻŷԶȥ
պ
ڷɵԶһЩͻҹδͣεؿǰڡ
һ˷ڣ´ҹδ
δ룬Ϣİ취ܸ߼
ҹδΣڵĻоܹ˼ҿ͸ˡû˵ıϢ˵ϢԼɲϢ
÷ڵϢڱϢǲĵʵôģ
ڷһۣ컯˽⣬컯磬ûʲôܹסġѾͷҲˣû컯ս컯ȥ¶ˡ
ҹδֹҲ컯һǴ컯ô
žҹδԴһƣôУȥ̫е¶ֳ̫ôƣȥһۣȻͷ㡣
ô϶ңҿɸıò
͡ڲмϢҸ֪һξˡ֪Ϣ鸡͸ڱεϢһӾϳˡڱεط컯֪
ڸ̾һ˵ȹһ꣬Ȼ˵㿪ʼսˡұ˹㾿Ҫʲô
ҪںϰټҹԼĹɣ
ô
Ȳˣ
ʱ䣬İٶ꣬ҲܹõŴˡ˵ˣҲǸ㹦ˣ
ϣ
ҹδִǰҲ˵ٻױʶƣʵʵ˵
ĹǺùֻǸоЩʺңȷʵںϰټҹȫʺҵĹź
ĲС̾صͷҿսҪнںϰɣ
ǣڻһЩ
ƾڵںϳ̶ȣҲȥսЩһŵˡܹнںϣǾŴ󳬼ŵ磬Ҳսû뵽ҳڼ񵽱ˡ
ˣ
ô뿪񶪵һߣ
ڵͻȻת仰⣬ҹδһݣæҡͷûУһǵӵ˰ɣѾǺϵˡڶӦû⡣
¿ףڵͷӦûȥЩʥؿɣ
ǣҹδʵʵص
ɣȥҰһ£˽뿪㽫ȥЩʥص飬Ҷѹ
ҹδΣ뽲ֻҪڵӵΧ֮ڣضȥ졣
ڵһЦҹδ̬Ⱥ⣺Ϻһ󵺣Ǹ󵺷ǳ⣬һʿʶԪ仰˵ֻбãͬһ㡣ȻʿȥǷܹȵ˵ġ
ǣʿȥͻ˷˼ֽಫ似Ľಫ似ΣЩߣʱʱҪɽʱ಻١ɽЩţԪԣ似Ӧòɣ
ԣҹδͷ
ҪȥµĵطǸ󵺣˵
˵з𣿡
ȻУҾ󲿷ǷˡǾһǵطܶෲ
Ǿû뿪
ôף̾ϢֻǸϣƽȵģʿҲֻǱȷǿһЩǸ֮ĺУźܶຣһζɹãã󺣣
ûкֻͨĴ󺣣ҲǷܹɵġ뿪죬һҲΪǸ˵طΪһʿϲķС壬壬Ҫ֪ʿҵһ԰ȫĽ׻
ʿ֮ҪףʿֶƢˣ̰طɱ˶ᱦڷ˵ͺѷΪٸߣսǿ˷˵ҶࡣԣΪ԰ȫ˵ǽطչɽһСҪʲôǿｻףֻ벻û㽻ײĶ
ҹδ۾һǺܽ׵𣿡
ƨأڷһۡ
ҹδ뱻ҭһ£εõȥʲô
ڷ˵һزһʯʯֻз˵ܹģǳϡ١Ƿ˵Ψһһܹ÷˵ϵķľٵıұʿʲôҪ٣ǲҪֻҪͻƾˡʯһ뿪˷˵ڼ̵ʱصϣһּĿ
ֻһȭͷʯǳڵĳָܹ̻ʢ򿪵ʱǾܹռƣ㣬ָſţʿԪʶ֮ػָ
ҹδһǲǴµɽ̫ڵӵͼڵĵݣڵĿڵɽµ׳أҪʯ
ԣڵͷ
ôȥ˵
ȻȥˣҲֹһǶʧˡҲֹǳڣҲȥˣҲʧˡ
ô᣿ҹδһµǾ컯ȥ
㵱ûɹʮ⡣ǳߴ½ʮЩˣӳǿҲγǶеһʽ塣ֻ¡ЩȥʿǱﻹƣ
컯ʿȥҲޡΪϵԭƶҲͲͬɽ֣ΪΪǽһҡӵ˾ӡˣ컯ӳҲӡӵᱻ
ȥⲻȥ𣿡
ô˵õʯûǻԵȥʹӲ϶УҲûȥӲɣʱ䣬û˵ãͻҸðѹµ飬ɰѹ¡Σ
ҹδ뻹˵ʲô
Ҳֻеͷ
УҹҲȥ˵סǣǵˡΪһõʯɱ˶ᱦĶ󡣡
ҹδصͷס
Ǿ͵ŴϲѶˡ
ҹδͻȻʲôΪðգʹ˰ɣ
Ҫʲôںһ֡
𣿡
ƨأ
϶ûУءҹδֹ
ڸЦˣ֪֪ڵɽѾûкˣ
ҹδƲƲ죬аûҵ
ڲ֪ҹδ˵֪Ϊʲôߴֻñѹڣǳ׷ڣǲûг׷ڵ
ҹδоһѵǱкϣ
ԣҲԣڽ͵Ҳû˺ϡǵײʱ򣬻֮еĺϣЩϱɢ䵽ɽ磬֮ûг׷ڣҲΪ˺ϡ
ɽһֱͨģ
ǣƽʱɽķֿģΪײײ֮ſռϵռϵأ·ϵŦÿ꣬ͻԭײϵһ𡣡
ǳڵĳѹڵãֻҪгڣ͹ǿó뵽硣
ҹδ۾һҲ˵Ϊײĺϣɽģǵģģǻȥ
ԣԣҪһξΪ̫˳ѹӿɽ磬ɽһƽ١ߴ׵УԣܹҵʯҪֻҪܹҵʯҲѹ³ŵ飬ûʯһ죬̽Ŀڣ̵õ紫С


1023 ͻϮ
ҹδתת˵ÿ꣬ɽ綼һλúϵĻᣬߴڽˮ¥̨ȵ£ÿ꣬ǳڵõٺϰɣ
ͱˣûС밡ٶ꣬Ҫײˡϴξڶȥ꣬ùˡǸõ˲ã˭Ű
ҹδεаɣھȥǱӦһ£ҵǸ˵ӳ£ҲЩ鷳
ģһᰲš
У㿴
һˡ
ҹδҲˣҪȥ˵һʱأԼҲżߴʥҲȥٶĿʱ䡣Ҳȥ˵ʵ£ȥ˵Ҫƴġ;һЩԼʵԼƺأ˵ⶫŸ
ϽˣԼġ
֮ǰȾõĶٶ౾繦һ飬ȻٷúϣܹúϣϾԼֻʣơ
ɾ䣬ȻԼϥڣȡһʼԪصľ磬ĿҼƾáԿ÷ǳ졣
۵ٶԶ˷˰꣬Ϻߵһǣǡµʱ䣬ҹδѾٶ౾繦ˡ
ۣ뵽ǡЩģҪҪȥ˵Ͳ˴ȥˣǺɺףҲк˵кϡҲ˼ˣЩԪŨĵط컯ʿѱˣ°˿ϣҲֻ񶫻ƬΪԪϡЩʿúϲ֣ŸԼ˵
ԣĵط
ǹ˼̣Ա֮£һ̹˺ͼһƬУԪŨ֮أһƬԪͶǱ߲࣬ϡŵҹδȥԪŨһã㽫ҪԪϡ
ǰ֮ǰǾƺϸˡƺܹάĸʱ䣬ʱ䣬ܹٶ౾繦ںˡٶ౾繦Ǳ֮ǰŵЩ繦ƷߣҹδҲԭˮƽˡϾѾںٶ౾紫УľҲǰˡ
ҶͬһȻڶڲ󷨡ʳһƺϣʼ˱չںϡ
£ܿȥˣҹδ۾ϵЧûˣ䵽ԭе״̬һ˿źƷˣʱ䣬ûнٶ౾ȫںϡЧȴҲԪƷܹоȻûдﵽƷԪҲ֪Ҫʲô̶ȣܹƷԪ⣬ȴʵʵڵ
ΪԪÿһ˿ظоԼʹΪϣشΪҲΪס
ͬʱԪ񾳽Ҳرƽƽ۷壬ǿҲںϵĴ£رƽƽ۷塣
ǺԣΪԽ棬ϵЧԽ֪Լıһﵽ컯֮󣬺ϻûЧ
֪ʮƺϣҲδܹԼıƽԲ
ҲΪԪԪ񣬱嶼Զ硣࣬ҲһֱڸԼĿĵĹӦ˽ٱȷԼڿĵĹѾﵽƷĶ⣬ҲԼٶ౾ȫںϣԼ֮󣬱ܹƷĵĹ
ѾȷԼķ򣬼Լ쵽˿ڽҲڳѡһǸƷܸߣԼҪڲĹԼʺϵĹ˱ȱͻʱ
ҪڵĹ²ףŹ׵ܹõġǣԼܹ㵽ʯӦøԼ󿪷֮Űɣ
һ£ʯ
ɰԼĽߡû̸˵
˶ҹδֱһԪŨĺȥҲûۻںѰһ꣬ȻҲֻѰʮ֮һҹδ뻹ǹϵķˡоＴֹϣҲӦöѹˡ뿪ֱԪϡĺ
Ƭҹδ¶Цݡ
ָоĸоͶҹδжһ˿׽һͷ˺Ǳȥ
ʮΣգҺڵˮټ죬ʶҲһҹδԼڶǱߵĺ̵ʱ䣬ʶҪʿӵԶܶࡣںڼͷųԼʶһѰҺϣһҲǴԼʶҲԪ񾳽һַͬʱںڣˮٵسˢ壬ҲǶһִȻЧ΢ǵҹδ־磬ܹЩ΢ǳĲס
ʱһȥʶԽԽͣǵľҲԽԽ㣬˵꣬ڲ׽ϤĲҵ˵һƺϡջֻһƣҹδһӾ͸ɾʮˡ
ʮȥһһ飬ָʮƺϺƺϡԪľͱȻûдﵽƽ۷壬Ҳ
رʶȻĲ࣬շŸӵ磬ٿظӵ΢ʹһ㣬ս˲ֹһǰ㡣
ҹδɱܰѺ˾ˣ̬Ӻڳ뿪һƬϡŨҪѰһ˵ĺСνҪչأǶٶ౾ںˡ
ܿҵһСǳСʮС϶ʯûʲôֲҹδСϣ⡣ϥС룬ϣԼ䣬Ȼһƺϣʼ
һƺܹάЧһ¶һ㣬ҹδһһƵķã֮ڽȫںˡ
ԪڵԪøӵһҳ¡ʵϣѾܳĺ繦ֻԼ⡣Ȼں˹֮ѾƷֹȻƷеףھŴ󳬼УҲǱȽĹˡ
ɲ⡣ϻżЧǿգվĿǰΪֹûԪϡ
΢΢һüͷĿȥһʿ̤ǸʿҲҹδ뿴ʱĿ⿴ҹδ룬˵ԪΪࡣ
Էһ磬Ҳڡ
ҹδЩãǸ˵˼ֱԼǺϻһЧʱ䣬˷ѡҲһʱ䣬ܹͻȻԪڿأ
˽Τڵʿȷʵ۷塣ҹδһǱ˵Ѱʯģ·˵ءȻͿҹδ롣
Ҫ֪ҹδڿǻźϵЧһֶϢڵĳţʿ۽粻Ȼ뵽ҹδ˺ϣҲһۿҹδ벻Ƕ򣬶ǳʲôܹ൱ڶı
ѱҹδϻֱˡ
Ǿ˷ѻԵ
вûаҹδ뵱һ£ҹδϵϢӦһϵԲһϵԲԼǰԼ
ҲΪҹδʱ򣬹ر˱й¶ĲķϢΤͿ͸ҹδΪҲδظֱҹδ
ΤӺֱûкҹδкֱӾһ˹һҹδ룬ҹδϵĶԼģֺαشк
һҹδüкܼĽ˲ֻͨƣΤȥ
ǸɫһԺʲôҶͬ
ϡ
شҹδĽʱҹδбŭͶ֣ҪɱԼҪǣ˷Լϵʱ䡣
ʮɽ˲͹н󣬽Τ棬γһнʱ䡣ݺᣬʶ
Τ˵Ҷͬȴûм֮ǰŵʱиǲмΪҶͬҲôһ¶Ҳ͸ȥսһ¶ţһŶս
Ծս
Լԣ
һƾ㡣
ԣϳŮҶͬʱҲûη塣ȤҪҶͬмˢӣ
ǵҹδн̱֮оѹѹоΣաҹδҲȻ⻹һηԼнûһɹȻԷסԷǵסˣз֮
Է򵥡ȵɢҶͬδ̣
ΤɽͨȵڣΤ
ȻǴŵıֻһŵ磬ô
Լֻɱ


1024 ̤
֪˶ԷݣҹδҲս⡣˵ˣԼһнںϣǾŴ󳬼ŵҲܹһսԼҲѾнںϣΤԽ
ϡ
ʮ󽣹ֻãûǵΤȥ
Τһһᣬ㽫ǣƫ˷ûйˮȻɡ
Ȼǽ󣡡
Τ˵ҶͬĽģʱҶͬĽĲһɢ޻ĴУһŴ˵¶ĶϢǴӴеõıʱлȣ
õĴУ
ҹδ²ͣ˵콣ʥ˵ûУ
Τһ㣺콣ʥ
ԣϹŴܣ
ΤȻԭϹʱڵֲԼû˵иӻȡ
ʥ
ϹʱڵģѾͷãȻҵһżֻɢ޾ɢޣûбһƵⲻǸԼ
ҹδǲе߰뷨Ҹš
ҹδɴ͹Τвмһˣû·ʿսҲҪųжȡһ콾һɢ޵š
ҹδ룬ʼҹδϵıоѾҹδֻ̣û뵽˾ȻҶͬһԼݽ
ɢ޶ִʿҺȻ֣ĵߣ˫ɱԷȥģսһӾͱüҡ
ΤгննһƬסԼĽնӿȥҪԷĽ壬ֻҪ˶ԷĽ󣬶Էʧȥ̣ɱԷ֮䡣
ҹδƿʮɽֻⶸȻһۣ¡
Τмгһǽ糤죬ӭҹδһȻײһ𣬽ҡҷȴǵסҹδеһ
ӿ϶ԷԲΪһ˸߹һˣһ˱һۺκҹδĽͬ͵ͱڣȻȴΤĽ赲ʵʵ
ΤЩΣҲе߷ߡ
ԭΪСɫȴû뵽Щá
ҹδнѾںϣ̣ܹںϺһ硣
ˣҲı֮޴ûУҲ˵еˣǿؽƣҲ׽ƵġȻҲʲô˶ܹƣĶź⡣ҹδպк⣬Խû⣬͸нܡ
֮Ǹӣ㿴ȴڡڷ˵᲻Ϊ͵ʿ˵ǳǶҹδˣἫ֮ų⣬ںϡ
ҹδǽشƣнǶԷһܹƿģ
Ĵʿҹδһ󾳽硣ΤѾʶҹδѶԸʮ㣬ô˵ԼҲһ컯ԷֻһϵƴģԷҲԼĶ֡
οʵûչֳء
һһüкһŽҹδĽһȥΤٶüһܳһ
һһټΤеĳҹδһӾ͸оѹвڵĻ˵һнںϣǾŴŵ컯Ҳһսû˵ܹսʤ
Ҳˡ
ŴŲӣ
ȻΤҲ𾪲ѡѾʹԼĵƣȴֶԷĽ󲻼̣תܣֻˡ
ΤɫʼѿӵʿѿСֲԺϵԲΪȻܹսŵ粻ܡ
һеһһű˴˳˹ȥ
ϵһϣϳһԲβȻ˲Ŵһ޴Բ̫ͬһ㣬תţŽиײΤĽ硣
䡭
ҹδĽпһ϶Τν֮˳Ѿҹδն˹ȥ
ҹδû˿𾪣Ѿ뵽ˣԼֻƾҶͬݣܿǴ򲻹ΤģҲ̫ƲŴŵ콾ˡ
ҹδһһץס˷ɻһɽһ˼նϡ
ƽصɽϱ
һ죬Ͼͱˣұˣֳַһһҹδγֱ룬ΤԭҲҹδ壬ԣһ˲䣬˾Ͷײһ𣬼ǼҹδԼϣΤУһ˿־壬˫ٶ̫죬ѾӦֻܹӲӲ

ײһΤоһɴӳϴԼϣеĳҵĲͰڿжɱõɡ

ҹδڽŲ̤ǲǰͬʱͷеΤоԼһͣɫ䣬Ȼͣһ
ѾˣŲ̤ǲҹδѾǰһʹ˳̫ͬһֻ̧ۡнԴ̡ôʿ׼ġ⾫׼ײһ𣬾Ȼ˺Ӵһĺ
ȻԸٶȵɳȥˣеĳַ˳ȥлңæ
ѣⶼᡭ
ҹδѾǰһ¡
ۡ
һն£ͷβΤն룬Ԫˡ
ҹδ΢΢ҡҡͷ鵽ʿˣԼƽصδشùԷȻԼͻ磬Ǿ˵ˡǲñҲδؾɱ˶Է
һץ㽫Էɽһһץ˹Τڱ򵥣Ʒҹδ׼ҸˡԼáһץָץ˹ʶ̽룬ûʲôϵģɾ٣ģ൱Ʒɾ
ջ񻹿԰ɡ
ɾ£µĶһˡ֪ڷ˵ǲӦܹȥ
Ӧÿ԰ɡ
˵˵ɽķ
ΤʬѾ˺սĺۼܿʧ١ϻЧҹδɴֻص˵ϣһʯϣգվ˫Ŀǿա
ϵЧȥˣһӾ͵ҹδܲӦҲûмúϣҲûʲôҲûʲôҪԣڷãǱ
Ҳû뿪Щӵʼһ顣֮뿪˵졣
ȥ˵ˡ
ҹδһ·Ȼ󽫱ĵĲŴһ϶Ϣк˳ҹδֱһϢҶͬ
ûмŷ˵̤СĺУضΪ֮ҲҪһ£̤УԼ᲻ĳʱ򴥶УԼ
ϧһ̤죬Ҳû˿Ķ򣬵Ҳԭײ˵飬ʱȤˣץһ㣬ڸĵϣڸĽʯϣԼһ
·˵ĵ죬Ҳϵһ䣬ܾûˣȻһֱûʲô򣬵ѵõظоɡ
ڼҲһԼԴȻ˵һɽķУ׼ڷ˵ԼҪԴȻ󿴿˵ûԼҪԴ
Ҫˮĥʯ
еĲҩ£Լãֱҩֵȥˡɾ϶£ԼҲнİƷɾԼҪԵɽҪĲҪ£Ѿ׼ֻˮĥʯˡ
ʣµȫ
ʵҲûжԴԴӷͿޣ˵ǳȥѰԴǱ˶ᱦȻԼɱĻᶼ١ΪڱչأǳҲȥɳĮֱӱչءΤṩ˲ٶ߰˰˵ռһָУ׼
ʵϣԴǽٱ紫УϽЩȥǾԻ䶯ļ۸񡣵ô̫ȱ¡
ǣҲûаЩٵһŹǱɽˣҪһأ
ⶼǽŵĵ̣ԷŵĲڡ
һ·ҲвٵǺͺ򣬺ʿĻûСΪûʿ̤У˼ҶҲû˳ͻôã˵ΤҲֻһֻǸȻҹδһϢǷ̤
һ޼ʵĴ󺣰
ԣǸʿֱתˣӵٶߵġҹδΣԼô
ôһ·ߣһ·ú򣬵ջķᣬٶຣһװָҲʰЩʬ壬׼ʱ
һʱ䣬ҹδԶԶؿ˷˵
˵ĸۿںܷԶԶؾͿֹҺͣкڽۿڣⲻһҺҹδߣװϵʿ߼ɵؿ̤еҹδ롣
ҹδҲûǣ˷˵ĸۿڣ̤˷˵Ȼ̸оԼԪʶѹˡѹƵķǳҹδ볢һ£ԪҲֻܹչһߣʶҲֻܹչңͱͷʲôͨˣܹõֻбͨͷŲˣܹõҲֻ似


1025 ҹ̽ʹ
úڻûȫԪʶ˻ܹʹôָҲܳΪɽһУķС
ҹδûмȥ䷻УȥѰʯеʱ䣬ס¡
֡
¼̤֮һ룬ȻȺУҹδ벻Ӧһ£Ҳֻһ£ΪľӦǳ죬ͷˡ
˵ʹõĻҲɾҹδ벻ȱɾסһõĿջõķ䡣
ͷϣĺã顣ҷǳ£˴ԲţǿһҪ󣬱ضȫ㡣ʵ㲻˵ģͺ͵Ǹ
ҹδһ裬ݵʱеϣȻҪ˯һڵΪ˯ˣҲֻһҲûоöȻûԪҪԷάĻܣҹδŸյڵԪ㹻άֺܾúܾãóԷ
Щģ뿪˿ջ׼䷻УϵĶˡһ˵һ޴ķУǾ͹ɡ
ҹδǴԼɱЩļ۸񣬻кԼԴļ۸ȻԴͬƷͬ£۸Ҳ
ʮ죬Ƚٶˡ
һ￪̡
ܴ
кܶˡ
ҹδѾһˣֱ˹̨һָ˹̨ϣһƵ
ҳۺ
ǸǸָԼüģû취ڷ˵ʶֻܹ̽һߣȻǻ־һ£ָ
ô࣡
ţҹδͷ
ٶɣǻ𾪵Щʵûһô໹Ҫ˻Ĵ
ҹδüͷߵҹδüͷǸҲӦ˹¶Ǹ
͹٣
ҹδǸ¥ˣԶʿһģһģǸ꿴ҹδıӰ۾ѩ
ʦ֣ûɣǸŮɱٶຣ纣
ʿȴֳ֮ɫӦòǳ˴ģ̤Уʱ䲻̣һꡣջӦúܷ񡣡
ԾԾԣʦ֣Ǵӷ˵뿪Ҳ˴̤Уòã
ʿһۣ˼ҿɲΪǴײˣȥո
ʵ̤ȥֻܹɺķ㡣
ʦ֡˵Ҳ̫ˣ
ǿԾ
ҹδ¥ż䣬Ȼ󽫴ָǰҹδԵȡܿ죬һʿ໥кҲûʱ˴Ƚϼɻ䡣ֱ˴ָüģһ˿ȡԼһӺ󣬼˼۸񣬶ҹδ
һƷɾΣ
ҹδԷ˲ڣͷǸҲɴָ࣬£Ȼȥˡһһָݸҹδ룬ϵĴָټһ飬ʱҹδҲ˴ָеɾ˫վѺø
ҹδ뿪֮󣬻עû˸ԼûСˣҲһȦȻŷؿջ
ڶ죬ȥ˲ڷ˵̣ΤЩԼòϵԴˣֵõһʮƷɾڵѾ˽߰Ʒɾ
죬һˮĥʯ֮ҲûзԼҪԴ
ⷲ˵ķǴ󣬶Ʒ෱࣬ҹδҪĶϡԴû
Ҳ¶췻Уҹδȥˣֳˡ
ҹδ뻻˿ջˣҶͬģȻȷû˸ԼʶʧȥЧ˭֪ԼȷǷ׼ȷ
ԣָҹδݣסһµĿջѰԼҲˡ
ļ죬ҹδ̽ʯʱ䣬ȻˣܲҪõһϸϡ
ѴΪ̫ˡձ˵˵ÿ˵˶ʯ
ҹδҲǣⷲ˵ʿľʯ˭һʣ
ҷ˵ϵҲų⽲ҽĻ顣ǽ꣬Ҳ֪Ϊʲôˣ
ڷ˵룬һɽɽɽһ󶴣ܴĶտʼʱǻΪ緢ĻɽġֲǡǶǺͻɽ緢ĶࡣҲ緢
ֻ緢Ĳҽʯ
ÿǧ꣬緢һΣľһΡһһ£ͽˡǰŻһϢʱ䡣һЩʯȡеʱʮ飬еʱֻһ顣ʷϼأûչٵһҲһ顣
ƽʱʲô״̬
ƽʱǾһأҪᣬû˿ء
֮Ա˽أΪÿǧһ֮ʣµʱ䣬Ǹżǿкܶ˳ȥҲû
ûȥ
øַʽڲżǿżǿĽݼأǧûȥˣΪǧǰһ컯ȥˣҲûҲû˸ȥˡ
һطûбҪɱأƽʱ˭ԸȥȥԸȥȥֻȵÿǧҵʱ򣬷˵ĻҾͻɴʿɽ˿ʯھʯ˵һǧ꣬Կȥ㿴
ҹδЩ
һǧ꣬˵ԼҪõʯͱȥʹ͵͵ס
ȥɡ
ҹδȥɽȻ˾ڶ峿ҹδɽķȥߣ̽ϡ٣ĿҲ
Ȼ󡭡
Ϳһ׷ɱ
Ұ֮б׷ɱǺ飬ҹδû׼£ͣס˽Ų˹ȥٸ·
ǣ˾Լʶ׷ɱǸˡ
ڵ¥ǣ
ʱ¥Ҳҹδ룬ɴϲδ룬
ҹδ̾Ϣһæð֣һĬҲҹδɽΪѡ
ô׷ɱҹδһ˵һ߲ӭȥ
¥ܵҹδߣһ׷ɱǺڷ˵߻ӣֻڳǳвžפأ򶷣ǵҰ⣬ʱᱻɱ˶ᱦȻȥǳسۡ
ﲻɽķУҲɽߵĵط
Ŷ
ҹδȻֲԼΤĶô˳
ʱ׷ɱ¥ǵʿȴͣ˽Ųɫԥʵҹδɫ̫ˣȫûаӡɵˡҪ֪һɱȥǽһɱգ˾Ȼǳûسˡҹδб¥ǣ
ôɫ׷Ǳܣ
¥Ǿ̾Ϣһһ¶ڿռϣⷲ˵ϰռԶӲսҵǿˣʯ𣿡
Ҳǣ
ţ
ҹδӦ֪ǿռ԰ɣʺϷ˵ɣҲ
ôɣѵǷ񣬴ҶԽ𣿡
ҹδ˲䷴Ӧ˹¥˵ӦǶԵġߴŶӦŷ񡣶Լ⣬Լġǲô˵
ҵ˼ǣôھͷһռԵ˵
ǹܲ
ô˵ĺܶࣿ
ܹܶ࣬ͿϾһɽķСܲҵʯǵÿ
ҹδͷƳҲвʿԭΪֻԼһˣһ
¥תתδ룬ҪһΣ
ʲô
¥˼ŵʯҲֻлʹУ̽̽ʹΣ
ҹδ룬ͷҲУ
Ǿߣʲô
º˷˵Ķǡ
ҹ˴ҹˣڽ棬ΧŻʹתѾȵˡȴû̽ʹǼΧŻʹתȵ㡣ΪϣʹӦǲһġ
ֹȥ죬һҹҹδ¥ǴһطǽǱ˻ʹ
Ѿ˼ƻҹʹҲʯġǼȵ㣬֮ǰȵڻʹ棬ӽҹʼڻʹڲȵ㣬ȽʹڵĵˡˣǱܣٶҲܹ֪Ķӡ
ΪٶȣǷֿģԸһ򣬵Ȼȥ˸ԻͼܴճһĻʹͼ
˷ֿҹδȻǱУһûһʱ䣬㽫üģȻʶڹյͼ
ԼһʱҹδȻҹдʹ
ҹδһ¥Ǳ¶ˣ
ҹδ뻹ǲȷ¥ԣߴ˵ʿ֪٣ܹ뵽ҹ̽ʹѵʿ벻
ҲǱʿأ
ҹδ룬ǶΧǽ˹ȥ¥ǣضӣϾʹϤϹܡźܴļܽʹİΧȦڡ簴ս·ӡ


1026 ˵
ҹδıƽ۷壬ٶȼ죬Ϣʱ䣬ѾصǶΧǽڰӰУ¥ûг֣һɷ
ҹδֻһ˲ӭȥ¥һ˵ʵδܹӳӰСشУܱ֣ûеԼˣԼͱʹΧˡڵĻʹ¥һߣûбߵģʱҲԼ֮뿪ҹδ޾յǸٵؽӽ
Ǳ¥
¥ǣ
ʵ¥Ҳʮƣԭûбֵģҹδ붨Ĳԣҹȵģ̽κͽġͷʯġּƻֲ΢ΣգͶΣչȥҲҹδҲעˣһ£µʱ䣬̽ʹ½Σգһҹû̽飬Ҳûϵ
ԣ˽ˣôΣأ
Σյһˣ˻ƫƫڵĵӣ¥ڵʦ֣ϵ൱á¥ûͻʱ򣬰¥ǲ١һڡ
Щļˣûҹδ¥ôȣǱʯģҲر⣬ΣԾʹȥˣͱˣ׷ɱȻͱ¥ǷˣǱˣҲʿ¥Ƕ֣ǸĲؿ¥Ǳɱˡ
ԣ¥ǳˡȻҲסˡ
ߣ
¥ǴŸԼķɱȥ·죬ȷҹδһԮ
Ҫһ·ɱȥĲסⲻڷ˵¥ǵĿռԣɱЩ˱ͬɱǷ˵һ硣ֲƬ̣¥о͸̾Щڷ˵ĵطǿоƾҪɱȥûϣ
ʱǱʮ˰ΧϵķɱȥȻҲǸƶȴʼջʮ˻ʹİΧ֮С
ʲôط
ʹ
˵˵ʵǿһߣ¥Ǻ͸ɱʮ࣬ƶٶȺ
¥Ǻ죬˿Բý̸ֻ֪ͨԷ˼һƴɱһ¥
¥ʦܣΪʲôɱ
˽Ӧ
һ񣺡ŵģ
ǣȻָһĵ
ˣǸӦȻͬţضһŴ󳬼ŵʿҲضһ磬˵һƽ硣Ǻϵ
ø֪¥ǵȴӦľһϵͲ¥ˣǻ¥ɱķ
һϵӦ磬㿪ʲôЦ
ʱӦǣӦ
ʱҹδѾˣǽڹսǵİӰСϸţء
̫ˣʮ⻹Ǳ¥Ǻ͸ɱ˺üǸֲࡣսĳ棬ҹδֱܹ˭ʵǿʵ׷ֱ棬˭ٶȿ죬ˡһĵط
൱ҲǸˣĸ¥Ǻ͸鷳µ൱ںϵģҲ൱ڻԪġ
ǻʹ־ۼ֮ء
Żʹڲֹĸ磬Ӧûв١Ӧû൱ƽʵʿ컯ӦòܡκڽӴڵĻܹо컯Ѿ˱ϵɱ䡣ֱ֪ϵɱ䣬ضȫλǵɱ䣬һԾǨ
˵ƽӵеĿԶСУҲֻܶ࣬һĸ֣Ӧϣ׳׽ǣˣֻҪûΣϵİΣӦò֡
ôҹδԵҲ磬ǻʹڻûг֣ʿͻȻɱҹδҲʮ־£ΪıѾﵽƽءһأǾԵĸ֡
統ԣ컯طľӣЩʿΪߣǧ컯Ҳù򣬸οҹδƽ磿
ҪٶȽ˾ȳȻٶԶݣ˵ڻʼҵľѾʼˡһΧϣˡ
Щˣĸ൱ʿУһмʮʿΧѾʼˡ
¥ҲЩвˣҹδ벻Լ˰ɣ
˼ո𣬱һĨ⣬ĽХᡣһ㼤
¥Ǻ͸ϲﻹ֪Ԯˣ
Ҳ֣֪ʱͣתȥҹδɱˣĻɱ˼ҲᱻܿٴΰΧɱǿɲˣΪû˴ɱԮԣʮּɱȥһ˲䣬ҹδӦϡ
ҹδٶ̫죬ƽ۷Ȼɱ˳ȻûͨǷ˼ȴҲܹﵽ˽һ
ʱҹδ˽һ˵Ӿжҹδ壬ֻ貵Ľ⣬еǳ貵Ľӳ£ʧȥɫ
ǼҹδǰʿͬոׯڣһԵڵϣҹδ룬¥Ǻ͸൱ʿûзӦԴ뿪˲ǻѪ˳
¥Ǻ͸ٶû˿ҹδĽ˳ǰһƬûдѾǰɱͬʱҹδþڰ䣬˫ʿȻһţ߾ͷĴײһƬҹδǽ֮ⷴͬһ¥ǵķȥ
ಡ
ͷɹͷϣڿ˵ϣѾ¥Ǻ͸ǰӶȥ¥Ǻ͸⻹ʲôŬ׷ҹδ롣ʱĴҲ׷
飡
ҹδھһʯʨǰץһѣʯʨץһʯͷ㽫ʯͷʮ飬ͷһۣ֡
͡
ƽصͶʯӣ׷ϵĴʯͷһԵʮⲻЩһ־壬׷ϵĽŲҲһֻһҹδѾΧǽ£һԾΧǽʧںҹ֮С
ҹδĿͷ
ںȲ裬¥Ǻ͸Ѿû˷ŵǱϾҲû˸ո֪ҹδֻǺϵľȡ϶˾壬Ϊһʿ֪ҹδˣͻǰ϶飬ûͻƣֻΪߵݣûеõСһõУܿͻ硣оǶĴڣδҲźܴļͻƽ硣ȻҪύ
¥̾ϢһҪȥʹ͵ʯˣӽҹ𣬻ʹضϼӽ䱸ûлˡ
ҹδҲͷоȥʹеζȸʮ꣬Ȼʹ¡
ˣҹδȻӦ˹ڽļʮ꣬꣬᲻ϵߴŵʿǰʹ͵ʯʹϵر룬λôǣ
ûлˣ
ҹδ룬ʵǶǸʯɽʲô˽𣿡
¥ǾͿ˸СЩʷûи˽⡣ڵ
ҿżأʵⷲ˵ʮǰӵģǸʱ˵ԪԣҲһܹĵط
һ£ȻԼʮǰԪͿʼ٣ٵ÷ǳͻȻʼٵʱ򣬵ϵʿ˳ȥ½ҪһЩʲô¶
ûеɳȥ˻˵ϵԪˡҲʮϡɳȥ˵ˣķʱ䣬Ҳûҵԭ򡣵ϵʿȻģʿһȥն뵽ǾŴŵĸ߲㡣
ǾŴŵĸ߲ҲˣҲûҵԭ򣬵ȴ˵ΧԪϡյʮΣΪںףͨյġպˮеԪϣԼΣ֡
ǾŴ󳬼ŵĹעˣ˴ǰ̽оо̽꣬ȻҲ˿ԭ򡣶ʱ˵ʿ˵ѾʮֲѺãʧȥʿǣǾŴžͳȥˡ
ǣ˭ܹ뵽ֹȥ˴Լǧ꣬һѰɽȻɽڳһɽֱͨɽڲ֪ͨͨʯ
µûдΪ˵½̫ԶһĵطѾܾúܾˡڷ˵Ѿһ˵硣
γһµϵ塣ҽһ˹ȡ
˵̾һǸʱϢŴűռ˵һƿصĵططһ֮أһιһ꣬ɽ˼ʯżȻ£˳
һ±ɽ𶯣ǾŴˣյϢĺܶźʿˡ


1027 ʷ
Щʿ˵ȴѾһǿĹңǿľӡʿȴʧȥͨЩʿǽģ϶ЩˣҪռɽ塣˹ȸʿһʹĽѵ
ʧȥͨʿЩľӣڸտʼʱ򣬾Ȼһɱľ棬кܶʿڷ˵ʿجΡ
վŴſʼĻ̸Сʵϲ𲻵ҡ̫һǼң֮ǰɻᣬһòʧһ̸ǻҷǳǿӲҪʯ̸ΪǷʯǵԪҪԪı
ʿҲûа취ĲΪʯͺߵĻҷսĻ֪ˡżɢҲˣԼŴţ˷˵ҲûеõʯĻᡣʯǾŴ󳬼ŵĶⲻǰ׳
ԣЩʿɴˡ
ŴҲԼŵʿʵ̫ˡûзԼʵᡣմӦٵıﻻٵıô׵õ
տʼʱ򣬾ŴŻЩߵĻһˡʮ󣬴ùˣʮɽٵıﶼ౻ѹιˡԣѾܾòܻʯˡȴγһɽķС
ҹδʵ˵кܶʿȥûһ˻
ģûһ˻ʮʿȥ컯ʿǺ⣬ûһ˻ȥԽԽ٣ǧûȥˡ
¥ǿڵδ룬׼ʲô
ȴһʱ俴ܾܲôȥɣ
Ҳǣ¥ǵͷ׼۲ʹ
ҹδҡҡͷʵҪȥɽ忴ɽ屻ʷ塣ҪȥҪȥҲ˵Լȥ¶֪һԼ츳ȥˣܹأ
˵
Լ˵ʵأ
һʵˣ֪ˣһ޴鷳ᱻ׷ɱȡʯԼûеõʯҲû˻šԣԼȥ
ҲĴߣڻʶһ˵ߡ
һ¥Ǻ͸ǡҹδҲ뿪ÿڻʶڹ䣬Ҳ۲ŻʹʱҲ¥ǣ۾ۡ˰º󣬷¥Ǻ͸ǣҪĴߡ˾һΣȻ¥Ǿ뿪ˡ
ҹδû뿪ڻʶ£ʵǾȥʹ͵ʯûʲôᡣµĹ򣬾岨ȥʹģʹýиҡ
⻹Ÿ
˵۹Ļʵˣ
ʿôߵƵʽʹʵô
ֲǰ׳գմ
ԣҹδ뿪ˣҪȥʷ忴
ܷɾ鷳ҹδֲ֪һƥһ£ʷ塣
ʷ壬Щɵۡ
кܶˣʤˡǵһ˵ʿ￴ɽ֮ϣΪ
ҹδ벻ģҹʱ͵͵һΣȻҹﻹˡ
ҹδֻҪ͵͵ȥʵûеɽ壬ֻɽ£ԶԶɽϿһۣȷ˾뿪ˡ
ȥ룬ڶҹˡֻıòҴ˱ڶһ϶ħй¶һ˿ıϢԼһħʿȻʹ׵ɽϣɽϻʮˣǸȥһϢҹδ룬ʮ˶ؿҹδ롣ȴû˸ǡ
ҹδվڶڱԵ·ȥףܹһڼٵγһֽɱ
ֻվڶڵıԵܹоһ
ҹδûг嶯ÿ춼ĳ˰죬ϸ̽͹۲졣һһ¹ȥҹδдʧ޷ʹͨʵ̽鲻ʲôֻܹƾĿܹӡ
ҹδ˼Щҡ
ҪҪȥ
ҹδĵӺܴԴεգܵռвΪ󳤣Լżǿš
ؼǺ棡
Ϊ߾Ͳ棬ΪΪ߾Ͳ棬ʵΪԽߵԽ棬棬ôȥоУصУ
棬ôôˣ
棬ʷ壬ôܶ컯ȥ
ҹδҪȥܹʯôû
ôûб
ûмʯ֪ǸʲôֻҪʯ֣Ͳ֪Ӧúйϵ
ԼҪİ


1028 ȥ
Լߵľе·ӣѱʲôԼżôĻ
ҹδҲһ嶯ˣѰ˼˺ü죬վȥѾ͵ͬˣҹδֻҪҪģҹδ붼֪ﵽʲô̶ȣһǿԿ϶ģٶȺͼӲȱ֮ǰ˰ٱֹ
о´ȥã
һ¶˾ģ㲻ԥҹδԸ
ϣʷ϶ˣ˵٣ҹδ뻹Ǿ
һҹҹδʷϣĿһɨɽˡҹδҲȥ˺ģܲܰ˸ߡˣԼ֮ǰеһҲˡ֮ǰҹδһۡ
Ǹ뿪֮ҹδ뽫ԼϣҲʱܹ֤Լ뵽УȻͷһȥ
ǿͬ׹һ·׹䡣оԼܹϡǣʱţÿʱỵ̈ڳɱǿԽ£ԽǿȻɱˡֽɱ򶼽ʲ
ҹδȴû˿ɣ컯ûг˵ڵȣǽɱûдﵽߡ
ȻɱʼǿˣȴҲûǿĳ̶ȣоԼɱҲԼ첻вԼıǺϵҲֵܹסҲô
ಡ
иоûʲôʱȻӴ󣬼ӴʮͻȻֻ˲ֹʱҹδ˵ҪȥҪһٶȶﲻǺڽɱûǿϾ˽еͷ
ʵϣҲһͷʱ䣬ҹδͨһˤ˵ϡ
ΧʧˣɱҲˡ
ҹδľ飬ȻҪȿܣȻͿһˣһŮˣΪ񻹲͵ӣʱϥؿҹδĿӹȥǸŮҲôҹδɨһȦܴľ飬һռ䣬ҲԳ֮ΪһС硣
ȻһС磬ͲһܹͷģĿУҲֻôһˣûпʲôˣһ޴󷨣󷨼ֱһ߼ʣҾԶԼҲľ롣һ۵Ĵ룬˸ķơҹδ뻹кܶƴǸչһֱչĽ¾зơ
̧ͷȥǸͨڣҹδˣͨⷽСɽͨͨﲢʷɽףһռ䡣ֲõЩֲܷҪֻֻܹͨͨͨʶͨϰû£°Σȴ޷ʿʶ̽顣ҹδ붼ܲˡ컯Ҳܲˣ򲻻ᱻ
ҹδʶϵҲḶܹ́סͨ𣿡
ܣص
ҹδһӾˣڽĿǸϥŮӣֵ
λѣ
λŮ޵ͷɡ
ҹδϥǸŮӵĶ棬ǸŮӹֵҶīǰγƺ
λŮ޵ʱ̫ˣѾˡ
ǰˣ
Ůͷ˼Ƭ̵ʮ˰ɡ
ҹδһ㣬ȻĸˣջǹʵǰӦöǳ˽ɣûгѰҳȥ·
Ů޿һۣǺЦЩʣҲһ磬컯ֹһǶҲ뿪·ȥң
ﻹ컯ţҲֹһҹδ뾪ȡ
ŮЩľҶţ컯𣿡
ҹδһر˷Ĵš˵ˣԼϢڱΣ컯ǾͲر˷ȻѾıòǾͼɡ컯Ϳɡʿıòûʲôֵġ컯ҲȤֻҪ˷ܾˡ
ŮӸ֪ҹδϵϢط˱仯鶼ûб仯һ£Īһжں
ǡ
ģұǸЩĽµġ
£
ţҽ
ãҹδڳһģ
Ůӵж˿ԣ·ΪƵġ
Լʮǰһʿʿ£̫λΪ̫ϳϡҴλ츳ԹھĴʿڽΪ컯Բ
ʱţʼãˡ


1029 
δķΪΪѾˡʼѧϰ󣬵Ϊ۽;磬ԶǶġû϶ãͽѧɽĶ⡣ǣãˣû˴ʱ顣
㻹ᣬҲᶮһʧȥ˷ʧȥǰĶһôµ飬ûû塣
ҹδһ£һ飬ûɶ˼ˣǻӣЩζû뵽Ů޻һת
ûţ԰ɣ
ҹδ룬ͷЩ캰û˼ˡʱ򣬻ǲ
Ϊﵽ컯ҲԪ޾ϾûԪ޾飬ضбһ죬ο飿
Ů޼˵컯ԪƾãԻǧҡǺܾãԪľ֮ʱȻԪҲԸôӡҪǣ컯ľͷӦûо硣
ʼޣпʼɽ磬һΰȥû˿ãδܲ컯֮ϵľ硣ӦɽҲ˵ɽ磬ߵľҲ컯ˡɽӵеʿ򵽸ߵľ硣
ҹδ뵽Լ磬ΪĽ޷ϵ˾Źǣϵɵͷͬ
ͬŮ޿ҹδͷľһ˿鶯
ţͬ
ҹδͽԼľ˵ǸŮǸŮ꣬Ĭãнػһ˿ɣ
ͨһ֮󣬱Ϊɽ֮ϣضŸ߼磬ͬЩߣ½һɽҲԷ߼硣ǣֻ֪컯֮ϣҲзĿԡΪɽֲ컯֮ϡ
뵽Ȼɽ磬ûа취ⷽ򿪷ͨƾ豩ͨ߼ͨ
о˰꣬׼һ츫Ҫ츫죬쿪һͨһͨͨ
ֻʮʱ䣬ﾹȻһʯıʯƿ츫ġﲼ˳һ˫ˡ󣬱ǴͨɽһУһаԪϣɽ˵ȵȡЩս󣬱ƿ츫ʯҲɽһеͬʱӿ쵮
˼֮꣬󣬿ʼƿ츫ʱȴƾԼһˣҪƿ츫Щδһܹƣѵʱ䣬Ҫǧꡣ
ǣ󣬴ͨʯɽʿȻƿ츫
Ĵ˰ɣ
ҹδһ£ԼˣҲв׵ĵطʵ
ǰ㷽˵ﲻֹһ컯԰ɣ
ŮЦˣ֪ʲô˼Щ컯ȫ԰ѶִȻ󲻾Ϳ뿪𣿡
ҹδͷ
뷨ûдңܹܹͨȥҲܹҲܹȥȥһ£ܲܳȥ
ҹδҡͷԣȥ
֪Ϊʲô𣿡
ҹδһ£Ϊ󣿡
ԣǸͨǿ컯ȥҪȥ͵ƻ󣬲ܹȥ
ǣ¸ǣƻˡʱ򣬾Ϳǵδᷢʲôʮ־Ȼһƻһ㣬ͻᱬըС綼Ȼ󲻹ʲôΪ
Ǿˣ
ŮĬȻһ£ŲУΪǶºεأĲϸؽЩ˶ͷҲŲǳĽ£ܹ󡣵ҲΪˣҲˡƻѾСΪһ塣һƻĻС𡣡
ҹδĬˣŮҲĬˡ죬Ůٴοڵ
¸ķֱӣǰƳ츫һ츫Ƴɹƻ󣬿ɽͿϣǳȥһŵصɽ֮һǰ߼ʱͨŴһߡ
ǡҹδ뵽ˣÿǧ꣬ǿһʯǸʱ򣬲ǿԽ˳ȥ𣿶ҼȻܹǧһΣضǴԭ򣬱ȶ¶伸Σͳȥ𣿡


1030 ر
Ů޿һۣܹ뵽»벻ʱ򣬾뵽ƿɽ뵽İ취ʯɽʿҲ뵽ʿְ취ɽ磬㽫ʯʱ򣬽ͨռĽɱõļΪǿ󣬱컯ʿᱻɱҲ˵²ʱ򣬾ѾԼ·ҪҪƳɽ
ԣҲû·ֻкһƿɽ
ɽƵΣ
ûʧܣһֱơ
˼ʮꣿ
ԣ˼ʮ꣬ҶҲ֪ʲôʱܹƳɹСʿֳ࣬ÿһһʿÿһศ죬Ȼһ࣬Ǹֻİ࣬ͿϢָԪȻԸ
ǣֵʱ򣬾ͱȥ¾ͻɱĻ뵽츫СԭСŰʿЩʿ뿪ɽˡʿʵҲľ
߰ɣҴȥȻһࡣ
ǸŮվǰȥҹδ˺档
Ȼ㿴һۣڵϿʯ
ô
ҹδһ㶣
飬ǸʿһЩ
ģҹδ۾һ˵Ϊʯ
հհɣŮνİڰ֣Ҳûɶã벻ֻһСϵ˵Ԫľһ죬벻
⻰˵ġ
ҹδһ·һ·һٶȻͲˡ
ҪʶȤ
ǰߣȻֿһֺڰɫʯͷʣǰʲô
ʯŮ޿һۣȫȤɽһУȻ͸ıĿʯʯʯתġ
ҹδץһʯ̸֪̲صϣоһϲ
𣿡
ðɣðɣеǣ
ҹδҲ̰һٶͣǰߣȻֿһֻɫľʯ
ʲô
ʯʯתģվհɡ
ҹδҲһٶߡȻͽ뵽Ǹ޴Уһ󷨣㿴кܶˡԼһˣÿ˶һ󷨵ĽڵϣΧһȦȦ롣
ڴ룬һ޸һΰʿվھ޸֮ǰ˫ִŵǱ޸
ҹδһʶǰǾǿ츫
ԣ
Ǹ˾Ƕ£
ԣ
ʱ򣬶µĿ⿴ҹδһ·һ˲ͱһͨ͸ֱ۵ĸоҪˡ
Ȼ͸оһʶԼϣȻ¿ڵȥࡣ
ҹδ֪ԼӡʶҲûа취ǸŮ뿪ˡǸŮ޴ȥһˣһޣƽʿ¼ᡣǵĸˡҲһûɵӣҹδ
Ըȥֵ
ȻҹδôˣҹδҲ飬Լ뿪ˣǸŮް¼ǰˡ
ҹδҲûʲôµģͿʼĴߣɣҪϤһС磬Ȼʱظ˻֪ԼӡʶԼҳٵͻᱻ¸ɱˣԼĻ뵽츫С
¼Щ˿ʼ࣬ҹδһڵϣȻ͸оԼԪȡףֲҪЩ˰ǶҪЩƿ츫
һٶȣԼԪû⣬ʼǸ츫һ㷢ԼУڶƿ츫һϵ
ǡ
ҹδһ֪С

УиһĻ硣ʱβ֪ⶭҪһʥ
Ǹеľڣֻ˲䣬ҹδͳС
ʱȥҹδ뿪˶һľӣʱػͷһۿ츫
ʱ䣬ǳŽһԪľ綼
³һοԼʮ֮Լлᡣ
ñ֪е뷨֪εĿЦá
뿪˴ҹδͱһʼϯض˹ϢָԪʮŨҹδܿͽԼĵԪָ˹Ȼ㿪ʼݷЩˡտʼû˴ֻľؿһֱۣ뿪һۡǵóɽԵ⣬ͿĨƵĵտʱ򣬺Χһˡ


1031 
ҹδдϰߣھŹǣдϰߡĴָд˴⣬оƣҪ֪ڷڿֲһ
Сеʿ̵Ҳǧ꣬ǴЩͳԹˡҪԶάܣǸҪԪͿˡϾʿпڸ֮رǱȤоһӾǻҰ
Ҳ˵ЩҪϵҪǻҰࡣ
ֶ̡
ԣЩ˶ҹδ붼ҹδȻԼĿġ
Щ˿ɶǴУϵʿǳ٣ձ飬кܶƽ⣬컯ЩɽǸɡҲŲͬôв̣˷ʱ
ҹδĿľЩУЩпϴڣУһһˣֱһĻԵ
һ£ĸţмΧָ㣿
ҹδŻͿʼ̣ԼзĲ㣬ԼܳĿĵĹЩ˸Լı
Щٱǧ꣬౻Ｘʮ꣬Ȼڻ֪ԼܲܳȥԶԼĵõҲñˡ
ѵײ
˼ҹδҲҪǵĴУֻҪǸܳͿĵĹָһֻΪзϡ
ֳ˼ҵĶ
Щ˾ͿʼָȻۣҹδһʡʼѧϰġ
ûֵԼʱҳԷȻ̲ͬˡֵԼȥƿ츫ͳڴ֮У֮У
һһȥ
ҹδջ
Ѿܳˣ粿֣ƽ粿ֺ컯֡⼸ʿĹͬ£粿ֵĹѾﵽ˼Ʒ˵Ǿ޴ˡɵʷϣûкһҹδΨһһˡ
ƽ粿֣ҹδͿƷˣЩ˶϶Ҳﵽ˼Ʒ컯ⲿ־ʹﲻƷˣϾֻ컯ҶǸ컯һֱûܴҹδ롣ĸ컯ֻһʱ䣬ܲƷĹ
ʱ̫ˣֻһ꣬Ҫǣ̫ˣֻĸԣĸ컯ҹδ룬Ŀǰ컯ֻܹƷеĶ⡣ƷǡǱǳ㹻ʱ䣬δزܵƷ
ȻҹδҪã˼Ƭ̵ֻĸҲҪʮ߶ʮӣҲм컯ǾͼˣҲǼµ顣
ҹδס˷۵ĳ嶯ԼĶҼ컯ȥ
ɽ綼ûô࣡
Ѿҹδˣ粿ѾǼƷĵĹҲǼƷ
ڶջ񣬱Ԫ񾳽ﵽԲҲ͵ˣЩеĻ˵ֻͻ컯ˣԪܹһ̤ƽ硣컯֮ǰĿǰѾǼޡ
ջԪƷȻо뼫ƷԪ񻹺ңԶĺԪøȻҲӰ쵽ԪƷԪƷ
ҲźĵطıԪûƽصӡΪûԪҲܵ˱޷
ҹδǣԼǲȰѵĸˣ
ɽһУ˵ģͻƵʥأɽЩʥضҹδ뻹ԥԥĵطǣԼԪǼƷԪ񣬻᲻ӰĿĲã
ѯСиĺԪƷйϵҲûйϵ
Ҫʶ֮йϵĵطǣƷԽߵԪ̲صʶ֮Խ磬ĵʱԽٵĵľԽҲ˵ĵĹвжϣһжϣľͽˡԣⷽ˵ĳ˹֮⣬ҲԪƷȷʵйϵ
вʶĵҩ߱ܹԪǾͺԪƷûɱϵˡԪĵҩʮϡ٣͸ˣ˵˵ȥĺԪƷŹϵġ
Ȼ󡭡
ҹδ벻ˣΪռҺ˲䲹ʶȻʣĲ࣬ùˡ
ȻԼ￪
»᲻᲻ͬ⣿
иº޲ͻƣͻˣܹõظ
⻹ʲôԥģ


1032 
ҹδ׼ˣѡһԶһĵطԼĵʱӰ쵽˴ʵˣӰ첻ЩҲĿģû˹עȻΪҹδĵгкȣ΢һ㣬ʱ仹ǲϲκ顣
ҹδϥڲݵϣʼˡ
ĵĹǼкҹδܵļƷԼҺҹδԼĵܹʲôģҲʮڴ
ĵλѾȷǼƷԿĵĹʮ˳ֱˮɣûһѡ
ĵֻ緽Բҹδ벢֣֮ǰѾˣ⻹ǼƷǼƷƷҲͿ緽ԲʣµʱʶչͿܹչʲô̶ˡһʶľľͽˣǸʱж󣬾ǶˣһҲˡ
ԣҹδؽʶעȥÿĵַϵؿٵġ
Բһߣһףһ
ÿԪʶһ룬ҹδʹռڳȡҺ䣬ҹδ봦ڲϵؿٵĹС
֮ǰˣĵĴСޣǺʶ뵤ļһġ
µʶϵĽеʿĳʼǿµµϵеӰġ
µļҲϵеļޣѾ֤ˣҹδҲͬΪʶ͵ȴǴС¡
ǣЩиеȴһࡣΪҪʶȥ٣ʶǿͬԾʿеﶼСܹﵽͬȵʿëǡ
ҹδ뵱ȻģԼôҺܴܲǸޣõıµһ
һ죬죬졭
ҹδеļޣʱĵ뵤ʶĴСѾˣﵽʿĵļޣҲ˵ʱҹδѾڷëǵһСһʿ
żչҪƼޡŬ
ǣʧˡ޲ô״ƵģŬ죬ղòΪûЧ
һ˿ЧûУ
аɣ
ҹδҲ񣬹ؼҲûáĵļ޾ǵļޣҹδ뵱ĵǳ󡣶ڵĵҲ⡣
ˣ
ԼҪҪͻ磿
ԪѾƷ컯Բͱ嶼ƽأǼƷԼҲû⡣
˵ֻҪҹδҪͻƣܹͻ硣
ǣЩġ
ĵĵ㶼ԪԪƷǼƷ
ؼҵԪԪһֱûлƷȻѣڿϣܹоԼԪƷҪ˭ûҰģǾͲʿˡ
ȥЩѯʣԪƷͻûйϵûйϵͻơ
йϵ
Ǿ;ˣ
Ҳֻһ죬˾

ϼ˵ˣɽཻʱͺϵǲͬġԼͻ磬ԼԵҲ磬Ҫƽ磬Ǿ̫ΣˡԼΪǺϵԼԵҲ磬˵ԵİȫŰȫĻԼͿԷȥҺϡ
ԣ翪֮˵
ο
ڵĲԼûпأ
ˣ
ԼŪʯֻҪԼܹȥĨȥδļ꿼ʱ䣬̸Լȥۿеʸ
͸ɲͻˡ
ԼĿľʣһˣǾ뿪С硣
ҹδ벢ûЩһľΪûȫ̽С磬һԼ뿪;أ
ҹδ붶Ӿ񣬴һ쿪ʼ˰ʱʱ䣬ǿʼ̽С硣ҲԼĻһԴӿ˻ʯ֮󣬾Ϳʼܵ˲ãҹδ룬ʯܹ˵ܹʱ䡣
ҹδ͵͵ٶʯȻ󲻸ˡҲûжԼ͵ĻʯҪһţڵϼһŸһʱ䣬ԭɫ϶˺ܶɫİߵ㡣
ҹδܹоǿˣֻûʱ䡣
ꡣ
ҹδСת꣬ûҵ뿪;ԱЩ˵ܹʱ䣬̫ˣѪû䡣ĿĴǸͨϡ
ʵϣͨѾΪΨһһ뿪ĵط
ȥͳ¼飬˵ԼһоԼҪͻˡҪչһʱ䣬˾ͲÿʮȥҪȥǸͨ·Ⱥɽˡ


1033 
ҹδ˵ùȥϾǰոտģҲӦҪͻʱˡ¼ͬˣҺͶ´һкҲͬˡ
һ棬֪û˿뿪С硣һ棬ҹδΪͻˣҲЧ
ͨ¡
ҹδϥһչصģºҹδſʼ̧ͷϷͨûʶȥ̽飬±¸֪
컯̫ˣСڵĴǶ²ģ˭֪ܸܲӦõ
ȥ̽ˣҹδʶܹ̽鵽ȥҲ϶ܹ֪
Ѿǳɫʱ䣬һٶʯѾʱ䡣ûʯĻ˵ڲٶȣǼӲȣͨԭǧԼɻʯǳɫɫñɫֻлɫǧĻϣᷭʮ
ܴͨȥ𣿡
̫УȻûнȥƾĸ֪ǱıܣûСܹɫлɫӦþͲˡ
Ҫã
ʮ꣡ʮڲϵɻʯһܹﵽ

ҹδһӣʱ䣬һٶʯʮǾҪٿ顣ȻǼģǻʯĲ࣬ʯеǡҲ֪ٿ飬᲻ᱻ·֣
ɫҪã
Ǿͳˣǧ꣡
ҹδһӾʹҵͷ
ʮʮɡ
ҹδܻȥˣ˵Լ̲ͻʧˡҪ»ͦˣѾͷû͵ͬˡһʲôʱˣͺ˵ȥͨ
ҹδָֻԭĹɣʱϢʱ򣬺ʹнشÿ춼ڳɳ
һʮȥڱлɫ
ҹδ˵Լ֪ͻƵˣȻͱȥͨˡ
ȵ֮ĥŲ˹ԼˣŶʶ
֪һ£ô
֪һȻһһ
ҹδڼˣô
о̫УЩԥûȫİա
ҹδ벻ɥѵԼҪٵǧ꣬ٴ
̫ܣ
ǵɶٻʯ
ĻʯԵģǧھ͸ٴ
Լ
ⲻУ
ҹδ뿪ʼڤ˼룬һ֣˵ͨйɵһ־޴ƻǲܹȥ
˵ƻˣֻƻһ˿ͨһ˿ĻңҶܹȥǣôƻûǿܡ
ûпܣӽȥһô
һ԰зӽȥһ£ôҲܹһ˿ȻڵļӲȺٶȣȥû˿⡣
Ĳ𣿡
ӦùɣоһȻҾͳ壬ҵģ˵ӣһ˵Ͳˡ


ҹδ̽һΧȷʵû˹עͨ·ֵĵ
ըʱ򣬶û˺ɣ
û£ҪǰЩӰ죬ڵѾ޾塣
ҹδЦһˡϢǺϢ
һһĲУֻӤȭͷСУȻƽصıͨ˽ȥ
ಡ
ֻǲһϢʱ䣬ҹδ͸оͶҪˡϾͻᱻʶ˷
кܽţԼӽͨḶ́㶭¸֪ͨڶ˶ҲܻΪɽˣɽӽʲôŵǣһ˷֮󣬻᲻ᾪ¡
ԣͬʱͽ뵽֮СҲ˲ͨڳ˽ȥ
䡭
ˣͨԷΪģӣƻˡ
ʷ塣
硣
ܶΧǸڹۿȻһɫĹ˳˲ʧˣǻȻоԼǿˡһ
飡
ʷǧ֮⣬ͬһһ׹ڵϡ
ⷲ˵һ˵磬ûṩУ⻹ǴͨɳĹԣǧףȻ͵˵㡣ҹδȻһץԼüģսʶȻ˴󲽣ವˡ
˲ãв˹ҳĴӡʱҹδƽصûӰˡ
ҹδ뻹ܡһںܿܣ뷮ˡһǺ£¸ѹ̫ˡûоôѹ׷Լˡԣһ·ͷķܡһƥżܡһ˶ʮ죬ͷˣҲƶû׷ԼķըҲͨôһ㣬ܲһʱ֮ͨͻָˡָ˵ͨҲ岻ֱͷȻһ̾뿪ĺ㽻ɾ˺
֮󣬺뿪ͷɽ½ʻȥ
ʱҹδ΢΢һԼĴղ󷨣Ȼ뵽еĵ㡣
ֲһɹγɵĺҹδϴ˸裬·Ŵӷڳϥڴڣʼ˼Լδļƻ
ҹδ׼ıԼƻڵԼʯʯͻʯˡȻҪЩˡЩϣҹδҪһԼˮƽˡ׼ʱѧϰδļʱ䣬ԼҲҪôǾͰʱ;ѧϰϡ
Ȼصɽ磬ȲȥҲ֪Լ˷˵֪ԼõʯҾʱޣаʮأż
ôԼȥЩʥأȥڵĿܹõԼԣȻ֪ܹ٣Լһ˿ҲϾȻĸߣʱޣЧûˡԾ͵
һҹδ̤ɽ硣ȻֱڡĸܵٶȣԭٶȣҲҪʱ䣬ʱ͵ڵǧ֮⣬ҹδ뽫ڵĿȥ
ڡ
ɽ翪š
һ޴һɽСʵϿȥǾһɽֻɽ״һġ
ʱڿΧźܶʿɽظʿҲʲô˶ܹȥģʲô϶йءһޣԴﲻޣϲȥԽߣܹȥԽߡȻȥԽߣԷҲԽߡ
Ƚ飬ûһ֡ԣܶʿΧЦҴġ
һʿһԾҶȥȻͼҶһ⣬Ǹʿ˳ȥͨˤ˵ϣΧһƬЦȻӮˣ׷׹Ҫɾ
ԭЩ˻ڶģ
һʿӶûŽϵ͵Ҷȥֱſ˳˹ȥƣҪֱӱſĻﴦȥԷߡ
̺ǰ׹ڵݰףڡλܷڿ֮ϣ
ҶϲȥһƷɾӦ
δأ˵ڻһܹ꣬˾磬ӦúܸߡҶܹȥƷɾ
ϲȥ
ȥ
Χ۵ʿ׷עЩеȥ֮ģеǸϲȥģۿӶעһȤ
ʵϾҪʿЦġ
ݰŻȥȻ󱻸߸ߵ·ȥˤҶϡҲȥ˿ЩӮ˱ЦҲգ´Ρο֡Ȼݰ˿ϣȴֳ߹ԼģȫԳЦҶϵݰɫҲڡ
ˣ
ܹʿΪͣ۽ҲߡɾҲࡣЩΪͣ۽粻ʿ벻ֻܹ֡˵Ҫͺܶࡣ
ɽȼɭϣԾսʵΪߵʿֻܾηҪ߾ʿȦӺѣгš
ҲζǲģʿԭԾʹûжԣθðգ
ʿһսսı
ҲģȦģΧʮֻ֡
Ȼ˻֮УõһĽ
ߺѣ֮ͬģһĽ
̾Ϣ˼ҶܹڻУԼҶϲȥ
ܹڻеҲֻˣһ̫ڵʿһǲڵʿҲ硣
һϵʿԱߵʿʦ֣Ϊʲôûƽʿǰ
λʦֽ͵ƽʿԪƾãһοӦöˡһҲֻܹһΡ


1034 
Ǿûͻƽʿ
ʦֱ㷭һۣƽôͻƵģû꣬ͻƵƽ⣿
ôˣͻȻһʿ
˿ȥһʿ̤ն죬̤һĺ«Ǹ«
ۣ

ƽʿ޳
һոͻƽ粻ǧĴʿλʦָո˵ûƽ磬ʱͳһһΡ
ʿһȻ
޳Ƿ֣Ը޳ĺֶα̬ؼǣʵǳǿ󡣲˵ͬ޵УҲͬеٮٮߣڶǼ֮һ
ʱҲӦ˹޳û
֪ܹ뵽ʲô߶ȣ
ҶȥһǧƷɾһڵʿ˶һ
˭ô
ҵ޳ģ
Ťͷһûˣ
ڵ
ԣ
־ͽҵҲǳͬʱҲڵ콾
Ӵ󣬱ǿʵߣȻԷƽʿ޳ƺҲʸô˼Ҳֻڶģ޳Ը޳һ컯ʿҲûʲô
е޳ͷһۣģ·˵ꡣ
Ǻ̧ͷſе޳ңңһ޳ջĿ⣬Ҳûз쭣Ƶſȥ
һ£·ʿˣ׷׿ġ
Ҷܽȥ
ϻȵǰȻܽȥҿĵǽȥ
ҶܽȥһǧƷɾ
һʿĵǾĲ±𣿡
ɽ磬һڣһ׹ڣĲɱ˶ûɣȫ顣𿴷ȣ޳ûдǾ޼ɵ˼Ҷģ֪˼˲ˣ
˿ɲֻɱСߴŵʿɱ˲١
ţ̣
˼ƫƫһֱڣߴڶ˭ɱŽ쳣
˼Ҳǻģ
һߴ֮һɱڡ
ȻҲ˭ڵĿֻҪڣ֤ȫˣҲ˵ڲ޳֡
ǣ뿪أ
ò˵޳ĵӺܴ
飡
޳ûн뵽ҲûбȥһĻϡѾǳ˻֮õĵطˡ޳ɫЩڣĿؿһۡ
ľһ䣬£Ǳܵһ䡣
ЩΧ۵ʿɫһ͡
ʱһֺӸ߿
޳ȻûнȥЦ㣬
ǽ񷣡˾
񷣬ʿȻֻ۷壬ȴܹɨԲǶϾŴԲҲˡ
ʵǿΪڵһ콾Ϊɽһ콾
ҲֱŻ˹ȥȻҲһ˳һĻϣ޳һ޳ɷһЦ
⣿
զأ񷵹һҲɥȱȣ˭ʱ䳤
ڿͬһ㣬˭ʱ䳤ķȾԽҲ֤ǸʿԭԾҪȴʱ̵ʿǿ
׳գ
޳ô񷣬Ͻץʱ俪
޳۾Ҳ޳ֲۣɵ˷ʱ䣬һȥզ죿
Ҳ۾
Щʿһ뵽ʲôпڵ飬ͽһޣɽΪ˫û뵽һ̽ˡ
ĿһʿһڣڵĴʿԬȪ
Ԭʦ֣λʦֵƻûлָ𣿡
ԬȪ̾ϢһɫȻûУʦֵƺ鷳
ʿҲ̾ϢһϧˡɽҲֻʣ½һˡ⼸ǧҲûг־֮ˡ
ҶīҶͬǰɣ˵
ǣֻ˶ʧˡ
ˣ
̧ͷȥһŮƮƮ̤ƶúأȴʡһˣ졣ԬȪɫһ
ôˣӦڶ˽뿪Ҫųͷġ
ף˭ʿȻҲֱڵ˶ô𣿡
ҹδ룬ԶԶؿһɽһĿҲʵҹδ𺳡
俪˵ռжĸ߶ȶǧɣʲô
ڴΧʿڴ֪ԬȪɫ֮ǰǸʿʵ
Ԭʦ֣ʶ
ԬȪȻʶҹδ룬ҹδ򷢵Ҳһͷ
ŵһʿϵԲʵһ㣬츳Ը񽾿δʲôϢ
˵ЦһֻҪֱ֪жཾˡ
Ŷ
˵ͷֲòʶԣԭһʦ
Ȼ£˵ܲ䵽У
ԬȪЦҹδǿԵģϾ츳ûԣôôʦ
ǣڻУǲ
ھڻУ޳УҹδƾʲôУ
ڵҶһǧƷɾȥҶԶģ
ʿҡͷԼֲɵŮǳڵģԬȪȻ˽⡣ҪңҲԡʿȻģҲĿҹδ롣ʱܶʿڿҹδ룬ϾֱӱŻȥģ˿ɲࡣ
ҹδԼԣԼһֱţǴӸտʼʱ򣬱šԣֱûиоʲôһεĤ֮ģҹδ˻֮СһǸ֮ǰܾԬȪʿǺڵֱĴȡԬȪľͺˡ
ԬȪͣ
ȫû뵽ҹδԻôߣֱ˻һ˱ԼһȺŪȥ˶Ǻްɣ
Ҳûʲô
ԶϣʵСҲûʲôµģ
ԬȪ̬ȻԱʿԬʦ֣˵Ľ˼źòã
仰ƽ̬ˡ
ҹδ˻֮Уʿ硣컯۾ûſڿܵƣͷͨģûΣգҲͲҪץʱԲҪġ
ܴһٶû⣬ȴֻˡ
ҹδϥȻ͸оſĶԼڹע
ӿ
ȴ಻
Ҳԣ
ĪĶڹעҲԪڹעйעʱһ򣬲ͣرע壬ҹδЩģ᲻ʲôʱһˡ
Ȼ룬ѵԺԪûйϵǺйϵ
ҲǣҲС
˵ˣԼܳʱڣûԪѵԼûˣ
˿ԺԼлᣬѹעˣֻûҲ֪ûУ
ʱһȥʱҲʱ˱ȥЩȥʿе˷ܣƺ˲٣Ҳɫ̫ÿӦڿϴʱ϶̣ӵĲࡣ
ЩûеϿͱȥʿǾֻʣ¾ɥˡ
һ֮󣬻еʿȺ󱻵˳ȥ˻бֻʣҹδһˣһʱڣȻҪûгɹͻҹδ롣ҹδȥҴҲ֪ҹδһʦʿϧҹδжá
һȥڵ޳˳ȥڵĽȴûбȥ޳ɫ࣬һʧˣûмǸĺ«
Ƭ̹ǽ񷱻˳֪޳ѾȥˣԼ޳һɷЦ
޳ұԸߣ
ûЦ񷣬ЦһߣЦһǿߡ
ûߣΪҹδܸȤ
֮ǰ뻨еʿѾ뿪ˣڻֻҹδһˡҲܺԼԻǿˣǿʲô̶ȣ
һȥЩˣڿϴʱõľҹδ롣Եó٣
ʱҹδоԼĻѾ͵˼ޣ·һҪűһ̾ͻһˡ
Ȼ󡭡
͡
ܹԼڴ˷ͺñһ˿ڣ˳
ֻ̺̣ܶаӵʱ䣬ע뵽ҹδڵĪȫ˳ȥ
ԣ
ƺʲô
ԣ
ôģҹδ뵽Ժȴܹظ֪Լҡ
СɣҹδԺһʱ䣬δĵ;ࡣڣ֮ǰЩԻ󲻽ĵطŻȻʵĸо
Ȼ󡭡
ҹδͱ˳ȥڿŵȥѰһ˵ĵطϥĬԼ
Լԣûʲô仯һȷˣ֮ǰĵطڿʼرԼõ˽һ


1035 
ϲ۾վǰʵһߣ͸оˣ˾ʵʵվҹδҲûᣬֱԼȷԼңķûб仯ſ۾
ҹʦãǳڵԬȪ
ҹδ뼱æվʩԬʦ֡
ԬȪѾҪҹδˣԣȽ񷻹»Ϊһɵʦɣ
㲻ܳΪʦҲΪɵʦɣ
ʿ˭ÿҩ
ʦñԬȪʮȣҹδĴָʦõ
Ҵʱ䳤һЩ
һԵĽ˼ͬţƺʲôҪĵģתȥһԶĵطһôϥ
ԬȪˣһѹеѹ
ҹʦã㲻ǶܵǱŵ˿ܷġ
ҲܴԵɡҹδ뵭˵
ҪϽذɣһȥȡĶ񡣡
ҹδһ£ԼԬȪҲʶΪʲôԼôã
ӦǿԼڿϴʱ䳤һЩ˽ύ֮İɣ
ҹδ룬лЩŪԬȪʵ뷨еΪԼŪʯԼʲô飬øԼšЦ
û£ҴӦȥһ˷˵ͬʱ뿪Ǳаš
Ҫȥ˵
ţ
ҹʦãͿóóս˵ǸطֻȥͳһЩԴⲻ󡣵㱼ʯȥģ̫Σˡ
ȥҲǿԼ
ǾͺãǰǿԼ
ţס
һԬȪ뿪ҹδ룬ȥЩҹδŽȥŽԼǿô˹ȥ֦ϣŽ񷹰ֵ
ôƺ
ڣ񷡣
ڣҹδ롣
һڶ֦ϵҹδ룬üôߣôǺϵ
ҹδЦЦǷߡ
ƲƲ죺ɽؾǶ࣬ˡ
ҹδԽӡһӾͺ˲٣ʦ¶
ûʲô¶ֻǼԸߣҪʶһ¡ˣʶ𣿡
ʶ˵
û
ûУ
ɫһƻûкá
ҹδͷ
񷿴ҹδЦҵĶ̫㱻򷢵ǵطˣ
ţҹδҲûԼԬȪ̸Ҳûֲʲôܣԣ̸ˣֹһ
ŵˡ
ҹδЦ˵ûУֻһʿˡ
̾ˣҹδմȾ鷳ƽʿҲûʲô¶Ը޾Ϳȥ¡
ҹδ벻ͬ
ǿҹδԣ콾ĸӪŹ
Ӳùɣ
ûʲôùģһʦȱԴԴ鿨סҡ԰Ҵ򷢵ȥˡڻﵽͻƵֻȥԶţû鷳£⡣
Ц޷ɣ
Ȼǣ
ţͷû뵽֮ڳһҿ۵ˡ
ɲҺʦֱȣ˵㡣ɽǿ콾˵ˣھһСϵ˵ţ˵ҵųڣǿıȱȽǡ
֮ԱǣǣǱǿҲֻǾ磬һȺ߹ˡ
ҹδɫȻΪҲûоЩʿжǳڣŴŵ磬ҲûоöڵҹδѾǸոշˣȺսźͶŵ磬;Ŵŵĸ罻֣նɱûоʲô˲
ȻҲû͵ڵԼܹ;ŴŵʿһǵȵԼͻ磬þȫûˡ
ҹδɫĵȻһЦҹȻûп㣬ڴͻһ졣
䣬ƿնȥ
ҹδҲ뿪ˣԶǧ֮󣬱ֱڣڵĵĵڶĿꡣԭûڵֻռ˾ͻ̵ʱ뿪ڣһʥأ˷ʱ䡣
ֱ̤ϵݲףԼ֮ǰȫ޷ʵ֡
ݲȥȥġ
ݿȥһ㽫̨ģһΣ档涼̨ףܹŰپʮż϶ӡ˸ַ


1036 ʵ
˵ݵǼɽеķƶɣǸʱڴ򿪣ɽʿ־ɳǣΪ塣ԣܹɽķݡ
ʵϣߴŵʥأǸʱ򼯺ɽƵġҲǸʱŻ־ɳǣ飬ֻȫûǸܡ
ݲѹڵıһʥء
ÿһ̨׵ķ綼ǲͬġÿ̨׶Գһ磬һĴ硣ǴʼģҲҹδѧЩȻһױһ׾ߡ˵һ㣬ɽߵķ硣
ԴݵЩУµţһ֮񻹻ŵģֻ˵һ㡣
һƽڵĳϡһ֣̫ڵһϡ䶼Сˣ˵мʮˡ
Ҫ̤ȥûô򵥡ÿһ̨׶ſˣֻƿ˿ˣܹȥ
ҹδվڵһ̨ǰ֪ˣҲҪԼܴټ̧ͷȥڵ߰ʮ˼̨ϣһʿϾûˡʮż̨֮µʿ࣬ЩʿɷʦֻǷʦʲô磬Ͷ˵ʿġȻڵʮ̨ϣһֱ߰ټ̨֮䣬ʿҲ٣ҪʮżһµʿٺܶࡣЩɷʦ߰ټ̨ϾͿʼˣÿһ̨ףʿԽ١
һҹδ˵ȫûѹվ̨ǰʶɨ˲ҵƽ赲ķջǰһ̧ϣվ˵һ̨ϡ
һһ̨ףһĿռ䡣
ܴ
һ˶⣬ʱռûбˣֻҹδһˡʵһķ̫ˡˣ̤ܿ˵ڶҹδû뿪̧ͷĿϿȥϷһ޴ķڻ⣬ҹδϥʶ͸뵽޴ķС
̱಻ķӿ뵽ʶ֮Уҹδϸϸ򣬱ϾɽķĻЩЩ΢СĲͬɲǳڲڵķһ֮ԣɽϵͳķ
ҹδôܴ
Щоͻһʱ䣬ЩУҹδȴֻǻ˲һʱʱ䣬մеһ죬ʵҲڱ߽գܹ֪Լķӵȫ棬ӵغʵ
õطʥأ
ҹδ׵ƽ赲˵ڶ㣬ڶ͵һһʵÿһıһģϷһ޴ķڻתԣҹδϥʶ̽룬б಻
ڵΧҲʿΧۣΧ۵ʿͲڵĿǸʿУΧ۵ʿʿ㲻ר޷ҲǼ޷ʿ
Щ˶ǴӵˣݺԻÿһ̨׸γԵĻᣬɲͨᱻͳЩ˶Ǳͳʿ
ҹδĵһʿϾڵһ̨ϣĿǰֻһˡĳֻ̨һ˵ģֻ̨ס
һǵһ̨ϵҹδ룬һǵ߰ʮ˼̨ϵǸ꣬ǸڵӣǳƽĵմӣԴӿŵһ죬㿪ʼϵݣһֱڡûʧܹ
ųڵӣƽʱûݣڿŵݣһʿݣһҲųΪʮʱ䣬ΪѾɽˡ
ô˸һ̨ϣע⡣Ҳû˿ҹδ룬˼㲻˵˼ҲСմоҪһʱ䣬Ҫһҹδٶȡ
Ȼҹδֻ˲һʱʱ䣬˵ڶ㣬Ǵƽѵʱ䣬ҹδûʲôͻҲûЦĵط
ʵϣҹδڽ괫еһ̣ѾϣռҲǸ޴ķֻҹδҪһ飬ȷԼûʲô©ֻһʱʱ䡣
ҹδĲͬԭΪڵڶ̨ϣմеʱҪһЩҲһʱ䡣
ҲǣڶڵһĻµĴУûдʼԴҲףŰپʮż̨ףǵЩаսʱֵġÿһ̨׹עеʱ䶼һ죬ʿ˴֮ҪͲܵݵ¶ˡ


1037 
ҹδڽ˴֮󣬾Ѿ򡣶ǻĶҹδ̫Զҹδ뻹Ƕһʱ淴֮󣬲ƽ˵ڵķ磬̤˵㡣
ҹδٶȣÿһ׶һմУһʱңȻƽ磬̤һ㡣ؾ͵˵ʮ㣬ʮ˽ʿˣҪҹδС̫ࡣϾʮķܵ͡
ʵǵݣһЩ˵ע⡣ʵϣϵһ̨׵ʱ򣬾ѾЩ˹עˡЩȻǳڵʿŵʿҲʶҹδ롣Щʿоǡ
оȣ֪ҹδ뱻ȥ˶û뵽ҹδ뵨󣬾Ȼ˽ԳҪܵ𷣵ġԸûϳ͵͵ʮʿȥоһ⣬ʮͬʿŵҹδ롣ʮʿҲʶ
ҹδɣ
ԣ
Ӧڶ𣿡
϶˽ԳģֻԵǸʿϷŹ
ô죿
ִ֪ͨãץȥ
ã̱ŴѶ
ҹδϵʮʱҲŵʿע⵽ҹδˡ
ǸŮ˭ѵʱ̶ܹڽ괫Уһʱһ̨ס
ȡˣҶǲһټ
һټЩˣӦܹ϶ټɣ
ҪҪģһƷɾ
ľͶģ
Զһɽϣˡϵһĳƽͷ֡
ۿ̬ÿһʿŬ򣬼žȴһƬ
ǸŮ𣿡ֺЦ
˵ǸһֱֲٶȵŮޣ
ԣ
̲
ܹ϶ٲ㣿
ĵ̺ʵܹٲɡ
ûп׷ĵӣ
ƽʧЦСӢۡɽ磬СУ˭ڷ棬ǵҺĵӣ
ˣĵôû
ʥؿǰѾչˡȳˣһ
ϣܿ㣬ǵҪһ˸ѹƦĺܡ
ȻʧЦ֪ǳƽҫԼĵҲȷʵһֱѹһͷԼĵһ׷ϣԽġҲЦ
ҵǾǸŮ޾ܹ㹻ѹ
ĿԴɡƽ˵ܹѺľСһټҲͻһѹ
Ǻǡ
ģҹδҲ֪Ŀ⣬Լ֮С
ÿһ̨ףԼĵ̸©֮õÿһռҲὫһϿյľ޴
ϵʮ̨׵ʱ򣬳ڵִˡ컯Ҳֻܹţڣǿɲȥץˡ
Ȼǲר޷ȴҲܹʮΣ
ɲȥΨеȡҹδҹδسִá
컯ŵϵҹδ룬˸ɫ
󰡣˽뿪
οôǵġ
ô˵
ǲʶȤˣǸЦǾȣ뿪ݡ
Ⱥܾðɣ
أֻ츳ѵƷ츳ɣģȲ˶ãˡ
ҹδ̤˵ʮ߼Ȼִõʿͷ֣ҹδٶȼһһһʱң̤һ㡣
ҹδԼͬٶ̤ϵһٲʱ򣬸˿ʼע⵽ҹδ룬Ƕִܵʿ
İپʮŲһ¶ɷʦһ½ʿ½ʱʱɽ½ļ£ܹϵٲԺ󣬲ǿҹδʵʱ
ҹδ̤ϵڶٲʱ򣬹עҹδ˾͸ˡΪҹδɱżһٶȡ
ʾʲô
ʾҹδĻʮʵ˾һɷʦӰ
ҹδԼͬٶ̤ϵٲʱִõʿֳһ˿졣
ѵҹδĻӵɷʦ츳
ҹδ̤ϵİٲʱڵʿɫ΢һЩΪǷҹδٶȼûб䡣ٲ϶ļޣҪٲԺٶûбˡ
ɽ֮ϣֿһѾվ߰ʮ̨ϣҲ˵һʱ䣬ֻʵ̨ףЦ
ʦ֣֮ǰĲѾ̵ٶˡ


1038 ʾ
ǺǡƽЦֲǲ֪ļټϡǸŮһߵİٲ㣬һܹӵһߵİٲ㡣
ֻЦЦûƽ˵ûȷʵһ죬ܹӵһߵİٲ㡣Ůǵһݣǵһ
ϵҹδںϲãֿȷʵõԣЩܿ죬ȻֻһЩȱ©֮ǰҲô졣˻©֮ڷӵ͹㲩Ȼûеٲ㣬ǶɷҲ˺ܶ࣬ͷ˼άн֯ײʶڵıҲʼɳӵĹӺء
ʮ̤˵ٲ㡣
˵Ŀⶼٲϵҹδϡҹδ̤ϵٲ֮ɨһۣһͿʼˣҲֻǺȡÿһ򣬵һŲǧ˵ģ
ҹδϥ£ռ俪ʼϷ޴ķʶ͸뵽޴ķ֮УʼܴСȻǲʱ䣬ҹδ̤˵һ㡣
һٶȣ
ǳƽ΢΢죬һԼĵôҲֻ̤һ㣬ڵ߰ʮһ㡣ǸϵķԼĵѾˡֻŮЩѰ
ٿٲ㵽پʮŲ㶼ɷʦĲΣǷܹһֱٶȣ
ʿҲ۷׷ףʱǵֻҹδ룬֮⡣ԭ۵ģƺˡ
ʵҹδڵĲߣһнǧˣ漸ٲأ
ûҹδ㼸һٶʵǵݡֻһ˲⣬Ǿǣ֪ҹδķܸߣԼߡҹδҲһɷʦٲǰѲסҹδ롣
ʵҲȷʵûסҹδ룬ҹδΪԭһֱʱоֻԴȥ˶֮󣬲ûлĶڵķ鼮ıһɳɳԵķķźܴϡһʵʵɷʦһǶ֡
һٲҲ൱Ĳ䣬֪ܶʶǳڲڲ߱ġﶼУÿ̤һ㣬ǶԼһ䡣ҽһָо´ͬͬԴ֮ҲУȻһ˿˿䣬ʼһƷʵĿܡ
һ£ҹδ͸ˡ˵һԵλԵ֮ڣڲٿŵݡ
ʱһȥҹδɱԭеٶȣ̤ϵټһ̣˵Ŀⶼϡ
һ㿪ʼɷʦĴˣǷܹɱԭеٶȣ
ֿһڵ߰ʮ㡣ҹδ֮ľѾٲ㣬ɺǺЦ
ƽΪĿŸոտʼɷʦɽ粢٣ɷʦɾٶˡ
Ϊʲô
ûΪʲôÿҵԽԽ١÷˵ԽϣԽ򡣻᲻ϵˢԲˡ
ҹδϥڵٲϣʶ̽뵽޴ķУ΢΢һüͷ뵽ɷʦķҪ̫ࡣҹδʵĻҲǶʱܹһİ
ķʿﵽɷʦԲ磬Ҫ̤ɷʦҪʱ䶼ٵģ⻹Ǹո̤ɷʦ򣬶ɷʦһ˿˽⡣ҪﵽɷʦԲǲ֪Ҫãеʿ˱ʱ䣬ҲûдﵽɷʦԲľ硣
ҹδɷʦ绹ǶЩġһ֮󣬵ռѾǸ޴ķҹδûɶһҹδԥر뵽ռ䡣
ռ£֪ҹδȫһķ֮󣬲Ŵռڳ֪һԼʶĵĲࡣǿʼ˹ϢָԼĵʶ
ˣҹδϥıӰ
Լһʱңҹδ뽫Լʶָ۷״̬ƽ赲˵һ㡣
ԭٶȣжɾȣһֱٶȵ߰ٲɣ
ܣ
Բܣ
߰ٲɷʦ֮磬ǰ˴δδôɷʦ
ִʿ
ɷʦ
ǽʱ䶼Ʒ
Ҫ壬ʶʹԪ
һʲôᾹȻɵʦɷʦ
ô죿ҪҪץȥ
ʾһɡ


1039 ߰ٲ
ҹδ뿪ʼףÿռ临޴ķ֮뵽ռ򣬲ռһĸַһ֮󣬱ռڳһʱңԼĵʶһ㡣
أ˷ҹδٶڿʼˡӵÿһҪһһʱҵʱ䣬һʱģʱҹδѾ˵ʮ㡣
Ϊʲô໨һʱΪʶıˣҹδҪʱָ۷״̬
Ǳ˲֪ǿҹδӦǷԽԽˣҹδõʱҲԽԽˡ
ǡ
ԽԽ
ͳһʱǽг
㲻ټϵ̨ףЩʿԽԽ٣ĸʿһʱ䲻ģ
̨ûʲô⣬Щʿ㣬ʱ㡣ǵٲԺ㵥λҲǿ˵ùȥǰֻһǼ죬ʮ죬ʮ졣ʱλ㣬ǲܡ
ٲϣ㻹㵥λ͹ˡ㲻㵥λҲӦ°ɣ
⻹㣬Ҷʮˣֻǳһʱ
ִõ컯Щˡ
ϵץ󡣵㿴ҹδٶȣ᲻߰ټ
һ컯Ҳأܿܰ
Ҫĳһɷʦǻץץ
ȵȿɣ̤߰ټϵ
Ҳֻܹˣ
ô˵ҹδѹˡ
ƺЩ䵽Ҳûмŷһôȥ·ŰˣҲŸһ㡣
Ѱ찡
ôѰ죿
˶źйСһɵʦһɷʦЩ߲֪Ϊ˸ҹδŹУűضҹδһЩԴϵбҪˡ
һ翴һ۵ϵҹδ뱳Ӱɷʦأ
ǸִͣĬȻ
ͷŸ߸ߵϵҹδ뱳Ӱк档
ҹÿڶֻоʱ䡣ҹ츳ܹ̤߰߰ټϣǺʦڷľһˣʦ˵ҲֻǵϹ߰پʮ˼ûеϹ˰ټ
ҹδٶȵһ㡣ܿһֻۣвǧʿû˹עҹδ룬ÿ˶ͷľ޴ҲֻҹδָոˣһΧ
ʱһȥҹδÿһ㣬һϵʼ٣ҹδϵپʮŲʱֻ̨ǧ˸ոճͷģ
ʱҹδʵǵݵʱѾӳһʱҡ
ԣһʱ󣬵ҹδ̤ϵ߰ټ̨׵ʱ򣬿νĿҪϵ߰һҪã
û˻һʱܹϵ߰һ㡣Ϊһ㿪ʼɷʦľ硣ûܹһʱ䣬ܹһɷʦ֮ԭɷʦ
ҲûΪҹδ벻ܵϵ߰һҹδʵٶȣ֤Ļʮʵʮ񡣾ڲɷʦҲڵ߰ټͻƵɷʦ֮
ֻʱ䳤̡
ڵž˴Լӣ̱
ҶŮһڵϵ߰һ
Ҷʮ¡
Ҷ£
Ҷ£
ûУڶĵ̵£ûи̵ģ
ִʿӶ̾ϵɡ
ɽ֮ϡ
Ц紺磺ʦ֣ŮҪõ߰һ㣿
ƽ˼ᳬһ¡
Ŷô
ĵ̫񣬻̫ʵҵҪܹߵʲô̶ȣ
ռ临Ǿ޴ķõʱ䳤ˣԼһʱ䣬ŽǾ޴ķĸһ״ҹδ뵽ռ䣬״ڣһе硣
ʱȥ˶΢΢һҹδ벻ô죬ԭٶˡ˵Ŀⲻɴҹδƿʼۿ̨ϵʿһֵ
졣
ҹδܹʱ䣬ŽһķȫȻʱʱ䣬ĵʶָ
һܶ˵ע⣬Ȼ͸ע⣬ҲһϢҵʱ䣬˵Ŀⶼҹδϡв²⣺
ͻˣ޷׼


1040 ǿ
ӦòͻưɣŶãҲͲʱɣ
ȻǾͿҹδ˵߰һ㡣
ѻȸ
ƽһСק˼ӡҹδܹһڵϵ߰һǾû뵽ֻҪʱ䣬ҹδܹȫһķ
ƽͷֶһۡ
Ű
ܹ׷𣿡ִʱʻѾûЦʮֵȻ
ƽʱҲûϴǰ㲻˼ǳƬ̵Ҫܲ׷֮ǰ̤˰ٲˡ
˰ٲ㣡
ֵ˵ͷ̤˰ٲ㣬̤ɷʦ硣ʦ֮ǵһĺ蹵̲ص䡣ܹǰ̤ڰ˰ٲ㣬ҹδҲû׷ϵĻᣬ̫ˡǸ㼶ϣһ̨ļʮ꣬궼ѰݲôĿʱ䡣

һڵλá
ٰ߰ʮһ㡣
ʮŲ㣡
ҹδаʮ㣬žԵƣҹδٶȣ
ҹδԲÿһʱ䣬˵߰ٶʮʱ򣬳ִƽʿԸˡȻͿ˵ϵҹδ롣
ɷʦ
ҵԼ£ϸǵĻ㱨üͷ΢΢
κһʦκһŶĽɫƷ
ʦλѾ൱ڳִеʿˣҲ˵ھŴ󳬼ŶʸΪƷˡ
һˣҪȥ
ǣ
֮ǰѾҹδ룬˼Ҵ򷢵ǲûеﵽ˫лתءڣڴ֮ͥ£ҹδץţˡҹδ˽뿪ִҲڽҹδ
ְ˸ˡ
ھᡣ
־ر䵭ÿҹδ̤һ㣬ͺñ̤Լϣط˽ҹδץȥͷ˼ţҹδǷԼһ顣
ҹδ̤˵߰ʮ㣬һֻвٸˡɽɷʦ㻹ҪûģҲࡣ
ҹδڻҪʱܹһ㣬ϵ߰ʮʱ򣬷һûˡ̧ͷȥҲֻڵٰ߰ʮһˣǸ֮⣬ҹδǰˡ
˼㼶Ӧ൱ʦˡɽ磬ɷʦڵʿȻû
п϶У֮ǰѾ뿪ˡΪĳЩԭû϶С
أ
Ӧò࣡
ʱ򣬴ɽųʮʿһʿһͬ㣬Ǿ仰˵ܴʿһʿҪܶ࣬ģЩߵĵӡ
ɽϵķֿʮϼһôһˣһΪǲء
ƽƲƲ죺ܹΪʲôǼϼһ㻹˽⣿϶Ⱦһ໥۵ʮ꣬ͬʱҲԼĵԱо۵Ѿﵽܹļ£ҪøĴУҲҪǵĵӻø
ȻʧЦ˵ҲȥӭЩˣԹۡǲ⣬Щʿ⣬̴˼Щ߶ǻԾɽеķˣǵЩҲ
ʮɫƽһƽʱΧ۷ϰˡǵĿŵȥ
ɣ
ԣĸܹôߣ
ףǸŮ˭
ʶ
е˼߻ͷԼĵӵˣҪʦȥɡ
ǣʦ
һ˵ݣȻǰ˸Ҳ˵ݵĵһ㡣ǰеĺܿ죬ǰӾ͵һ㣬ʱ䣬˸߾Ѿ̤˵ٲ㣬˸ҲǱʾ𾴣ǴʱҲվڵٲ㡣
ʮֳĶܴ󣬵һƬƽɫ˸ڻǸӣһûС
Ц뵱꣬ʮ˱Ϊʮܣվڷʥλãǰ˸ȴˣﲻƽɡ
˵пǸʱһӢ۱ʱڵ˲ˡǵĵӣûʸǵĵһ
ֻ˵Ĺ򣬰˸Ѿ̤һ㣬Ȼǰҵʱ䣬ʵǡǵİ˸ҲʾֻǱǵʦһ㡣
ǲʱ䣬Ҳͷ˸ѾԽҹδ룬ͷҹδһۣҹδ۾Ҳûᡣǰʵǡ


1041 
վܡһ㣬̧ջƽ˹Ļ̧̤˵ٰ߰ʮ㡣
ಡͼ˸߳ΧȻͷߵһܲ
Ȼ˸˱վֱʶ͸յľ޴
ɫ˱䣬Ȼϳ˸ˣǺʦһˡбһ˸׷ϣˣɻͷȥɫֱ䡣
ھԶ̨ϣԭտҲ̨ףʱ˾Ÿˡ
Ÿˡ
ʱҹδҲ߰ʮ㣬׼̤ϵ߰ʮĲ㡣
ţ
ǰϷ߰ʮĲϥһˡϿ߰ʮˡ߰ʮһˡ߰ʮ߲ˣڵ߰ʮ˲һˡ
ô˳ˣţ
Щˣ
˺ͬһ̨ϵİ˸ӰвȻɽĸ˲ſʼ
ɽ֮ϣƽͷǵĵӲࡣ
㼶Ӧǰ˸ӵļޣͻƵٶȣͿƲǵ츳ˡҵǶǸŮޡˣ𣿡
ҹδ룬ڵӡ
ھȻܹôһš⡣һǶҹδȤܹвĻǰ˸ϼһĵӡ
ҲôΪ
ϡ
ҹδ˵߰ʮĲ㣬һǸϥʿÿһϵݵʿΪģΪڵϲܷɱ飬һûеĹͷţͻᱻϷݸɱÿϵݵʿȫ֪淢顣ԣǸʿɱĿ
ҹδھǸʿԶϥʶ͸뵽޴ķ֮С
һ
˵ҹδ˭ܹһ㣿
ȻѾãɽ类Ϊ˿ҹδ֮ǰδһΪҹδǿضȵһ㡣
Ҳǣ
ҲôΪ

Χʿһ浹֧ҹδ룬ɫࡣ֮ǰҹδ뻹ûһӡ󡣵ڷ˿ˡһǳֱ۵ıȽˡ˿ûгڡ˵Ҳ֣˿ûгڣûڣû̫ڣûйڣûа׹ڡŴ󳬼ȥš
ûУΪ̫ûУΪзֵĵӣߡͷ߱Ϊ˫ӢҪ߳˿˿ǰҪս˫ӢĵλֻǷûҲûйϵֻҪڵϳǰ˿ͳ˫Ӣ
б㹻ġ
ȻǰݻῪ꣬һõıǰ˿һֱΪԼԳ֮ԱǿΪŵݣųƽʦˡӢۿôڵĵϣġ
˸ˣһǷţһһھŴ󳬼ţᵱҹδѾͰ˿еȼ硣̶ֳֻȣѾ㹻صɱˡڵķҹδ룬˭۸ҹδ룬ᷢ쭡
ȥץҹδ룿
¶ͱˣڿǵǣ»صţЩ˻֮ǰҹδ顣
ٿɣϣҹδ벻ԼҲԲץҹδ룬˽뿪ĺȻȥҲǽһԵڻصţЩҪΣԼȥҹδȥԼûйϵ
ɽ֮ϡ
ͻȻЦˣƽбһۣЦʲô
Цǰ˸ϼһһҪݣһҪԵĵӳԽӡȴû뵽ͻȻðһҹδ롣һǷֻûеԼԽԼȴһʶʿԽˣǵľͱˡ»ӰǺܳһʱ䣬ڷ޴
ƽҲ¶ЦݣĲʱ򰡡
ллû˵ǣһҹδ볬Ļ᲻
ԼĵӷΪչûȳʱԼȺһ£׼㲻ġ뵽ЦݸŨ
һ㻨ѵʱҪһЩʵϣҹδռڣռڵʱǾֹģķѵʱ䣬Ǵռڳ˹ָʱ䡣Ҳķ˲ʱ䣬ŽһȫվΣ˵߰ʮ㡣
һʿʿɴ״̬ҹδԶһȻϥ£ʶ̽޴ķһ߿ʼռһ߸ơһʱ䣬ҹδվ̤˵߰ʮ㡣


1042 
߰ʮһʿʱҲ߰ٲϣɷʦÿһ㶼Ϊҹδףռʱ䴦ھֹЩ˲ͬʵʵʱ䡣
ʱѾˣǹؼžÿ˶ҹδ룬һ֮ǰͷҲܹۼ֤һصɴʱѾҡӣɷʦδļޣϰ˰ٲ㣬Ǿɷʦˣ磬ȻҹδΪֻǺϵȴȫͳڷһˡȫԵһƷˡҪ֪ڵƷҲһٶҲ˵ҹδڳڵĵλǸʱѾ൱ƽʿˡ
ҹδԽ㣬ǵЩҹδܵ־ԽءŲûдǣֻһ£ҹδҪأ
ͷʹ
Ūҹδ룿
Цò׳ڳһšҹδûеϰ˰ٲ㣬ҲΪɷʦԼ˲Ż飿
Ȼڶ漰Ŵ£û˸ֶδ飬ҲԸô
ͷʹ
һʱ䣬ҹδһվ̤˵߰ʮ߲㣬һ˿еʱҲڱĿҹδߵһߣϥʱڵ߰ʮĲһķ̧ۿһ㡣
ţٻڡԼѾ׷ȻֱӽĿüͷ΢΢һ£ֵһ㣬ڵٰ߰ʮ㡣
ûϵұض׷Ŀơ
ţ
ôһˣ
Ǹˡ
ȻͷȻ֮ǰǸŮ޲ˡתϸȥǸŮ޵ıӰ
ǸŮˣ
Ȼ˵߰ʮ߲㣡
˲䣬̬ͱˣ
ԭǴͷߵġȻûһȴû뵽ԼԶԼȻһʶŮ޸Խˡ
У
ҾԲһĬĬŵ˸ԽһҪ׷˵߰ʮ㣬ϥʶ̽뵽޴ķС
һ۾˫ĿжѪ˿Ȼ޷ƽľ˹ƽһľٴνʶ̽뵽޴ķУûӵʱ䣬˳
֮ҹδ̤˵߰ʮŲ㡣һֻһʿڴʱ߰ʮ㣬ǸʿҲһ㣬۾ͬʱ߰ʮŲǸʿҲҹδǰ۾
һʱ䣬߰ʮǸʿоˣתͷһȣ°ͣš֣
㲻ڿʲô
棡ָָ̧
Ǹʿ̧ͷȥȻɫһ䣬˵߰ʮŲϵĹͼҹδıӰȻͷһ棬ȻȻתͷҹδıӰ
ǡǸŮޣǸʿ˲̬ˡ

³һ̬ƽˣĻָˡ
ͼ׷ˣؼô̵ʱԼʲôģ
һ˾ˣֻǿһ㣬ἵʣġǿ̫࣬Ҳʧȥ˱Ƚģ̬ȡڵˣȻͿŵ߰ʮŲĹͼ˫ۣȻͼȻתͷ棬תܹͼΪ𾪣ϵļⶼŤˣ۵һЦȻ󻹳Źͼ˻֡
ͼ˲ֻȻת׿վҹδ룺㡭˭
ҹδΪ񣺡ڣҹδ룡
һ̣ĺɾȻһֽԺмֱͦˣĿ
ͼһ£еعֻ񣺡ڣͼ
ҹδͷȻתջƽ磬ٲ̤˵߰ʮ㡣߰ʮŲĹͼ̬ˣ˵ϵ߰ʮˡ
߰ʮˣ̬ƽˡһ۵ٰ߰ʮıӰٿڵ߰ʮҹδ롣а
ֻʮ㣬Ů޵ٶȣԽӦûɣ

ٺ١
۾ʶ̽Ϸ޴ķ˲ͽ뵽֮СһԵǸʿڷûдӱг
죬ͼڴӴ˹ջƽ磬Ȼ˵߰ʮ㡣ֿҹδһۣȷԼʶǰڷûгֹôһˡ̧ͷ˿ٰ߰ʮҪʹԼƽԼȻԾҹδԱߣҹδ룬ҹδΪʲôô׷
һ㾿Ҫʱ䣿
Ȼ󡭡
漸㣬˿еλ½ѣܵϿȻȻת¿תϿ̬ˡ


1043 һ
ˣɽ֮ϣЦе
ƽҡͷǸָˡ
ЦŵͷЦе˵ҹδ볬˿ָ
ƽɫѿ
ǰ
Ǹʱ򣬰˿ָ̬ͱˡ
ʱ䣬ҹδ۾һԶĹͼҡ
̫ˣ
һ
죬Ҫ˵ȴֻģίоЩʪҹδͷȻջƽ磬һ㡣
һºҹδ˵߰ʮ㣬ڵٰ߰ʮ㡣һҹδ˵ٰ߰ʮ㣬ڵٰ߰ʮ㡣
ɽ֮ϵĳƽɫѾѾȷҹδضᳬ̾Ϣһϣܹס̬ɡ
һԵķ֣Цеؿŵݣһ䣺
ģ

һ㣬վһ߻ͷһгЦ
˿ǺǣΪҲ֪ǵ˼ҪڵϳԽңҵļ
ǲǻҿǳԽ̬֮ˣ
Ϊ˭
Խң
Ҳ룿
뿴̬
ҵ̬
תӣȻ󿴵˾Ͳ̨׵ҹδ롣ϵĳһӽϡ
ðŷӦ
ǸŮޣ
İ˿֮⣬߸̧ӻ֣¶Цݡ
ǵĻָˣ̬ˡ
ʱѾȷҹδ볬ԽǱضģʱ䲻᳤ԼɡҲ̬֮ԼлᳬԽˡ
Ů޾ǵĸ
Ȼ󡭡
̬ûбǿаסԼеĲ
Ů޻û׷ңҵٶΪһûоȫֻҪҾȫûܹԽҡ
ʰģ˵ٰ߰ʮ㣬ʼ
Ȼ󡭡
ˣһ㣬˸ߵһ㡣ȻҲˣΪٰ߰ʮҹδ룬Ҳٰ߰ʮ
׷ô죿
һȤˣ뿴ҹδܹ׷ϣԽҪӡ
߸Ҳһ˸˶ˣ°ͣ˵ıӰȴš
ˣʿˣжڴڴҹδ볬Խһ̣ڴſԽʱ򣬻᲻
ɽϵĳƽɫʮѿЩڿԼӵЦرǰ˸СӡͬʱҲڵģԼĵӻ᲻ˣ
ɫѿĻڵĵӣǵ齹겻

Χ۵Ⱥ˾޴ϣ˿Ҳ³һɫܡǵĹͬҰУҹδվջƿ磬̤˵ٰ߰ʮһ㡣
ҹδ֮ľٴС㡣
ҹδžϥʶ̽Ϸ޴ķٴοʼ
һ֮ռ临ɣҹδ뵽ռڣʱ侲ֹпʼ
ɽ֮ϡ
΢΢һüͷʦ֣˵ҹδһҵ˼ǣûеһ֮ǰûдﵽһľ𣿡
ƽɫһ˼˵ľѾһ㣬ȷ˵ʵѾһɷʦֻÿһϲȱ©
ţֵͷ޷ô̵ʱھܹһ㣬ұżһٶȡҪ֪ҵﲻٶȡ
ƽҡͷֹǴﲻٶȣǾٶʮңԶ˿Կ϶ҹδӦþһɷʦֻǲ֮ǰĲ㣬׼߾硣
üͷһɷʥ
ӦòǣͲܹﵽʦ֮Ѿ档ֻɷʦڣųڡֻҺ֣ʲôʱôһʦˣ
Ҳ̾Ϣһڻܲذ
ڵִɣʱѾҹδʲôΥڹ棬˽뿪ˣʱĽţ˫ȭգضҹδıӰżֿһıӰ˸Žźͼ
ڵҹδѾ˰˿ˣԭѾ㹻̼ܵˡҹδֹڴˣѾˡ
Сø콾μӳڵĿˣŵĿˡرһЩšڷΪҹδһˣջķţȻʵǧΪʵ̶Ҳ˳ڵʵ
νʱ䣬ҹδ˵ٰ߰ʮ㡣ڵٰ߰ʮ㣬ֻһ㡣


1044 ֱ
ϵİ˿Ѿվסˡ⼸еΧʿҲվҲסˡ
֤ʷʱ̾Ҫˣ
ɣЩڵʿѾһĽţڴͽֱͦţͷŵϵҹδ롣
Ѿ̫Χ˹Ǵҹδ룬ǽáκһɷʦķһʿ˵һĵơ
ɵ˿ʼͬûҹδǷߣǵĿУҹδţеûģֻҪĿ佱ҹδϡ
ɽ磬ҹδֻûͨʱ䣬ûеõ紫еķߣűŹߵ¼ġ
Ҳûл紫еķߣЩû̫׷ûѧŵĴУ׷׷ɱ֮ģе˵ȥֻܹǴһʿƷʣȻʿǸתͶŵʿ鷳ɱɱֲǿ׷ɱʲôʱʲôʱ㡣
ԣڶҹδ뱻ߡôҹδߵݣ
ֹ졣
ǵİ˿ڿһȭͷΪҹδ˵ٰ߰ʮ㣬̶ǵ˾޴Ļ
⻶ȻǳڵʿȻеʿܹڵļѿʿж˷ܡ
ڵʿɫžɥҲŶĺ䲻֮ǰжھжԹ
ɽϡ
ƽɫƽһ뵽ˡҹδ׷ǱȻģԽҲǱȻģû˿⡣
ֻԼĵı
ȫ֪Щ飬ʱѾȫ񶼳֮С
ҹδҲûйעھԼʮ׵λϥ£ʶ̽뵽޴ķС
ⰲÿб֮ǰҪš֮ǰǼ֤һʷҪ֤һľ콾ĵ
ֵ˵죬սЩʿվȴż֤һ콾ʱ̡ҹδĹɣ֮ʱʱվҲһ㡣
ҹδȵһ㣬ǾǳΪɽһһšһʷʱ̡
ʱһȥѾ֮ǰҹδʱ䣬˵ɫĽɸһҹδΪһˣǾǳڵĽǸǿдʣΪҹδЩڵʿҲҹδ룬һء
ʱڽĵȴűʮֻʮּ尾
ʱֹȥ˰죬˵ڴʼͣЩʱ˵ҰУҹδվһס˺ɴ۾ҹδıӰڴҹδʵȥ
Ȼҹδ˵ٰ߰ʮĲ㡣
䡭
һ
˷ܵ۸ߺҹδ룡
ڵʿۻҹδ룡
ҹδ룡
ҹδ룡

ڵʿʿۻڵɫӵѿɽϵĳƽȴһƽ״ѾϵĿŵģ֮󣬿ҹδıӰı
أַͣ׷
˵ѣҹδԳԽ᲻ˣ
Ҿ
ҲãһֱһķһˣͻȻѹȥ˭Ҳñ
ҵºúÿҾ͵ſķӦ
СʿŭĿ⡣ʿȫں
˵ҹδܵ϶ٲ㣿
Ҿõϰ˰ٲӦû⡣ǰ˰ٲϣܵ϶ٲ㣬ҾͲ֪ˡ
˰ٲ㰡ǿɾɷʦˣ
ɽĴʦҲʮ˰ɣ
ǰܿܺܿʮһˡ
˼ͬȻǶڴҹδڵǳڶһɷʦҲԸ⿴ġ
º
۾һӦǻͷȥ㿴·̨ϣ˿ʮֻ۾Ȼ΢Цӻ֣Ȼָָ̨о˲Ȼתף̨ϷȥȻһɣۿ
ô᣿
ʲô
ҹδ뾹Ȼϥ˵߰پʮŲ㡣
̬ʱͱˣվͬľͷһ
˿ˣֻǴӲıӰϾܹ̬ˡֻҪ̬ˣξŷǳĿԳԽ˽¡˿ӳʶ뵽ͷϵľͷУʼ򡣶ͬľͷһ㣬þò
ˣ


1045 ʦ
Щʿͬʱֳ֡һʱ֮伫ΪӡҲһĿʼ
ɽ֮ϡ
ֿ˳ƽƽɫƽв֣Ҳûʲô˼ɣ㿪ʵ
㲻ģ
𣿡ƽ˵ĿȴǶ˵ݡ˳ĿȥֳƽĲϥڵڰ˰ʮĹؿɵıӰϡ
ڰ˰ʮǴʦ۷壬ֻҪϵڰ˰ʮĲ㣬ͽ뵽ʦڡؿڵľɷʦ۷塣ͬʱҲǰ˸о͵ġ
һӾˡ
֮ǰ˿̬ˣǵǿҹδ볬Խǵ̬ͻָˡΪԽ˹ؿɣ̬Ҳָܹ
һ˱Լ̫ǿҲʧȥ˱Ƚ֮ġ
˼һ£ҹδܹѸٵصϵ߰پʮŲ㣬֤ҹδŴʦʵ˵ܹﵽʦ۷壬ЩˡҹδҲضܹڵϴﵽʦ۷磬ҪԽʱһ㣬ӦþԲܡҲҪһ㡣ⶼǷָ߹ٸ߹ҹδ룬һʱ䣬˱Ǵﵽʦ۷壬Ҫʮʱ䡣
ʮʱ䣬ȵ
̬޷ָ˰ɣ
˵ˡ
ʮʱ䣬ŵݵĸ¹ؿʦ˰ɣ
ҹδҪ׷Ϲؿɣѣ
Ҳ˵ˣҲҹδ롣֪һѲסҹδ룬ҹδӦҲңӦܹϵڰ˰ٲ㡣Ҫǣҹδڰ˰ٲ㽫ỨѶ೤ʱ䡣
ЩʿֽǼ֤һ콾ĵǾþҪ֤һĵ

ҹδվȻջƽ磬̤˵ڰ˰ٲ㡣
ľӶһ£ȻһָɥϢɢ˳Ҳһļž
ǸղҹδΪһʦǵҹδ̤˵ڰ˰ٲʱ򣬻šЩѾӳʿĿе֪ҹδ䣬ǧ꣬ɷʦ֮ǰ˺ô˵ǾԻһڿˮڶԷϡ
Ū˭أ

죬֪˭³һһƬһγ˾޴
޴Ȼ͵ĺɾѡ
ʦ
У
Ѿ޷ƿˡԷҹδӵʱ򣬱Ҫҹδ뿪ڵʱ򣬱˰ɱ
̿ʼϵڡ
ڶȻ䣬ĴѶʶ̽룬Ȼɫ䡣
ҹδ뻹һɷʦ

ɷʦ
ѶϢ뵽Ѷ򣺡ͷβ˵
պ
ڴҴ뿪˳ڣڷȥ
ҹδоɷʦ£ʱһȥܿ͹ȥ죬ҹδϥڵڰ˰ٲ㡣
һ
Ŷʦ֮ôģ㿴ǹؿɣ˰ˣ
ʮȥˣҹδûжǹؿվ̤˵ڰ˰ʮĲ㣬̤ɷʦڡ˷ָһҹδҪ׷Ϲؿɣ̫ˡ
ҪָҲǲܣµҪʱָųĿܡ
ʮһ죬ڷִ㵵ĿУҹδվȻջƽ˽磬̤˰˰һ㡣
Ƿ֣Ҳ𾪵վضŵϵҹδ롣ƽֳ֮ɫ𾪣žϲҹδܹ׷Ϲؿɣĵӻоȡ
͵ɫһ£Ҳһ˿㵣ڴͣɥϢЩЩɢĿҹδıӰ

ҹδ˵ڰ˰һʮ߲㣬ؿҲֵһ㣬ڵڰ˰ʮ㡣֮ľѾʮ˲㡣
˫Ѿָɣһֱҹδ͹ؿɡ
ؿɿǺԼʦͬʱǰҹδؿɶˣԼʲôܽܵģ
˫Ŀԡ
ԷߵĹѾʺҹδˣ뽫ҹδڳڡŸסҹδ
ϵҹδȫ֪Щʱ򣬻ָٻָ
ְ
ؿ̤˵ڰ˰ʮ㣬ҹδ̤˵ڰ˰ʮ㣬͹ؿֻĲ㡣
̫ǿˣ
սȭͷʱɥȫעҹδϡһݣԽǰ˴С
ڵʿɫͨ죬ڼɫ΢΢졣ʵԴҹδ̤ϵڰ˰ٲ㣬ھѾ޴ˡӴ˳ھһɷʦɽ˾Ÿɷʦ


1046 Űٲ
СɷʦɷʦֻǺϵķǴɱҹδ뻹Դڳڷʦò˶ãھͲػɾˣھܹԼһԳۣڳڵʵԴһԾʽ
һɷʦһ̫Ҫˣ
ҹδʱӳӳķȺСǿԤò˶ãҹδͻᳬԽؿɡ
ƽĿӵĸӡ
һ棬ԼĵӦúָܹܿˡһ棬ԼһвҲɽͶһȼˡ
οŵݶ̶̵ļڣҹδҪǶȼ磬ǾԲܡ˵ҹδɷʦڣʱӳܹŰٲ㡣ǾŰٲ֮ϣʱɲǼܹͻƵġȥͻرյݣҲҹδᡣ
һ¶ҹδ˵Ԥ֮У̤˵ڰ˰ʮ㣬͹ؿɱȼ硣ҹδ̧ͷһۣǰ棬ڰ˰ʮ߲ϥһʿԼĿѾǸߡһϥ£ʼһֵ
ʮҹδ̤˵ڰ˰ʮ߲㡣
ڿкݺݵػһȭͷȻݺݵ˼ɫƽһ㣬ʼ
ƽһԼĵڻָġʱЩЦáǰҲҹδ룬Ҳҹδ롣
º
ؿ۾ֳϲԼķ־һ̧ͷȥɫһ䡣
ǵڰ˰ʮһ˭
ЩϤ
ȻʲôȻתףŵ·ȥȻǸŮ޲ˡٻͷҹδıӰȷǸŮޡ
ؿɵ̬ˣ
ǺǡɽϵĳƽͷֶЦˡ
һƬ̾Ϣ
ô䣬ôߵɷʦ̬ˡ
ʱ򣬵ڰ˰ʮ߲ϵǸɷʦվ˵ڰ˰ʮ˲㡣
ûлͷֻϷЩˣҪ׷ҲЩˣԼˣûбҪȥ

ҹδߵĲԶ뵽֮С·Ĺؿɣ񲨶һ£ȥ°Ͷҹδһ㡣
һǸˣдϲáһ㣬нȻ͸֪Χˣвһ
ؿ׷ˣ
ƫͷȥͣȻȻͷǿ°ͿĹؿɣȻ¿ֻȻתҹδ롣
ɫϵرãֳһ˿Ұܡûվȥһ㣬Ǿôҹδ롣
ʮҹδ˹Աߴһ˭
ҹδ뿴ȥȻֵڣҹδ롣
ڡҹδ롭һãɥϵظš
ҹδһ£Ȼҡҡͷаմ
ԲᣬҪѾķ̫ʱˡ̤һ㡣߷·֪ҹδѾ뿪һ㣬ʧ

ҹδϥ˵ڰ˰پʮŲ㣬󣬲̨ͬϣ˸߶ĿƵؽҹδ롣ҹδڵڰ˰ٰʮ㡣ǵ̬̱֮ҹδ̤˵ڰ˰پʮŲ֮󣬿ʼָ
Щʿѻȸرڣдδ˽Ź
ɷʦ۷尡ҹδܹϵھŰٲ㣬Ǿɷ֮ʥʡɽҲֻɷ֮ǾǷֺͳƽԼųһɷ֮ʥ
ţֿЦˡ
ʱߵڵáȻˣ֪ԼҹδϣãǾԡΪҹδܹδİٶǶԼϣԴӦҹδ룬ֻҪڣڸģڶܸһҹδʱڵ򡣾ŶҹδžԵ
һ£ҹδ򵽵ھŰټʮ㣬Ȼײʼˣڹر˵ݣҹδʿ˵ж̣
뵽ڣлϵݣҹδ̣
ԼһҹδŲСĿԴӦڡ
һҹδûöõʱ䣬ʮʱ䣬һ㣬Ȼջƽ磬̤˾Űٲ㡣
û˻ӵĽźڴ
ΪҹδϾŰٲ㣬ҲֻɷʦԲζųΪɷ֮ʥֻһ㣬ųΪɷ֮ʥ
ҹδ
ܣҪã
ʱɽϵĳƽͷҲˡΪܹһ㣬ɷ֮ʥһˡȻɷ֮ʥԲҹδҲֻǳɷ֮ʥҲɷ֮ʥԺɽ˶˵ɷ֮ʥˡ


1047 
ܹһ𣿡ʵ
ţƽͷӦÿԣֻǲ֪Ҫã
㵱һ˶ã
ٰʮꡣ
ɽϳĬˡ˵Ŀⶼҹδ롣죬̲סʵ
ҹδҪʱһ㣿
ƽã̾ϢһҾ츳Ҹߡһ㣬Ӧʮ굽һ֮䡣Ϊأ
ֵͷͬ˳ƽ˵ȻĿԶĻãֳĽ֮ɫ
Ҫһɷ֮ʥˡ
ƽȻİٶʱ䣬ҹδÿʮһ㣬Ҳ㣬õ
ֻҪãͱضڡ
ĿڣЦסҹδ롣
һº
ƽͷֻȻվ𾪵ĿУҹδվջƽ磬̤˵ھŰ㡣
ôܣ
ƽͷֶһĴ㵡ǿɷ֮ʥķôһ¾һ㣿
Ȼһ˵ɷ֮ʥ͵ķɷʦź蹵һ𡣶ҹδ˱֮ǰһʱ䣬ȫˣ
õɫһӾȥΪҹδһֱٶȣʱ䣬ܹǶǶ֮ҹδ룬ȻҪݣҲʧȥҹδĳ롣
ǣҲڹرյݣڿ棬ݻῪŵײھײİٶء
ڴʱӿǾϲ뵽Ȼܹ뵽ҲȻġڿҹδֻһ¶ʱ䣬͵һ㣬ڵĳûˡŻЦ
ٺ٣ˡ
ʱҲ侲ƲƲ㲻Ƿʦ֪ںڲһġ𿴵һҹδֻһ£ǵڶضõʱࡣȵڵھŰʮʱöʱ䣿
һϵھŰʮĲ㣬ѶȻǰٱٱҹδܹϼ㣿
ʱɽϵĳƽͷҲӦˡҹδ벻İʱڵǶڵѶǳڵİٱٱ

ϵİ˸³һ
Ƿˣ
Ȼ̬Ҳָˣ
ʷôһûǱȵġȻܱȣֺαԼԼȥ
Լͺúʣİٶʱ䣬ȡϾŰһ㣬Ϊɷ֮ʥ
˸Ҳʼƽ
ɽϵķֺͳƽһۣһָо˵Σǰ˸ܹô̤ϵھŰһ㣬Ϊɷ֮ʥ

ĿΪҹδ̤˵ھŰʮĲ㡣
һɷ֮ʥˡ
ڣҹδÿһ㣬ʱ䶼΢࣬ƽҵһ㡣ٶ𾪣Ҳ˾󲿷˵ڴҲ˳ƽͷֵʿĽš
ǾͿһ㣬ҹδöʱ䣿
˵һѶ֮ǰһİٱҪһʱ䣬ҲӦǰٱʱ䡣Ҳ˵֮ǰҹδƽµʱ䣬һӦٸµʱ䣬Ǿǽʮʱ䡣
ã
ҹδռڣʱ侲ֹռĸɾʶ֮󣬲Ż˹ָʵûлʱ䣬ѵʱ䶼ָϡ
ʱȷʵӳˡ
ºҹδɻ
ºҹδ뻹
ɽϵķֺͳƽһʱ򣬷ֿԼĵĵӣߡ
߳ˣڳغĵһʱ䣬͸ڡ
ߣ
ߵĶͻȻԼʦסΣûȥݡȻʹԼʦʶУ˹ҹδĴ棬˵ϵǸıӰ
Ǿҹδ
ʦһĴףЩϵʿ̬ôģôָģ׼ǲ̬ҴʦϸУõϡ
ʦĽУҹδÿһ㶼һʱ䣬ǵһ㡣ʦ˵ҹδڲȱ©Լÿһ㶼ʵ˲Żô
Ҳÿһ㶼һɣ
ߴʱ̬ܺã̤˵һ㣬Ȼϥ£ûջƽ磬ϵڶ㡣÷һ
ߵľٶ˺ܶˡ
ɽ죬̫ʶˡԭΪܿ׷һ£ȴû뵽ڵһˣҰڳһļƣʵϣ˼Ҳȷʵ
һʱ䣬۾ֳ˾ϲ
Լ֮ǰȷʵһЩξȷʵԼĻΪʵˡһ¾׷ϣԽˡ


1048 ɷ֮ʥ
ɽϵĳƽŷߵϵڶ㣬Ŀ΢ʱ벻ǷֵķԸ
ͬʱҲ뵽ˣԼĵӦҲڻϺԵĵط
Լĵ֮Ҫ˵һ˵ˡҪӵһúһ¡
Լŵģʱȥ
ĸµʱȥ̸ȻеĵطһȻ־Ѹٵɢܿû˵ĿⶼŵھŰʮĲǸıӰΪǸվˡ
ɽϵĳƽͷҲһĴ㵣Ȼǽš
ɣ
ɣ
ô˰ɣ
Ȼͼҹδջƽ˽磬˵ھŰʮ㡣
ƽͷҡ
ʮ
ҹδ˵ھŰʮ߲㡣
һ㲽ɷ֮ʥڣѵĳ̶ַǧ
ƽͷֱֶӣǾͲҹδܹٶʵǡҹδˣʱʯٱҲӦҵһ㡣ʣµʮ㣬ҲҪһٶꡣ
Ȼһٶʱ䣬ݲرաѾЩͬҹδǶǳΪһĴڡٶȡ
У
ٶһС
̫ˣ
ʮٶȻԽܡ
һ£¡
ꡭ
ʮ¡
ƽͷֶһۣ΢΢һҲֻ΢΢һǲ֪ҹδ᲻ͻȻվһ㡣
Χ۵ʿҲһЩʼ˿ˡ
ҹδ뼸ܹһ㣿
Ҷһ꣬һɾ
Ҷʮɽ硣
Ҷ꣬ɾ

ʮһ¡
ҹδվˣڻˣѾ͵ͬɵӡ
Ĳţ
ƽͷûվֻǴţǵ̬ЩֻΪѾվ۷ϣҲû˷Բûб̬ͻȻ۾һЩ
ʦ֣ҹδǶǲǶһͬ
ƽ۾Ҳ
ǰ
ԴǶѾȥǧ꣬Ҳϵķ򣬷·Ѿ˾ͷ
֪ǡ֪ûоͷֻû
һ۵ܾأ޷ҵʱһͬȼͬ
ҹδ츳ôǿһ۵˵ܹҵ
һ£ڴҹδ뾡Ƕˡ
ʮꡣ
ҹδ˵ھŰپʮŲ㣬ƽһ㣬Ƕ
ûˡ
ȫվǳƽͷҲˣɽվ˵£ȴҹδ롣
Ҳںͻã˹ںͰ׹⣬ŵҲˡ
ɽֳһɷ֮ʥǴ¡
ʮºҹδǶ
Ȼ˺ĻҲʮ˷ܡһε֮УĿɲǳΪɷ֮ʥվɽˣͨԷ򣬶ŽһܡһԪڣһҳԪƷһٴαƽ˼ƷԪĲΡ
ε֮ջ
źĻŷڰȺҹδûֱӷȥһһӵĵһʱ䣬ھѾվǰ
δ룬ϲ㡣
ллҹδôˣ
ҹѣƽͷҹδࣺǳƽ
Ƿ֣
ƽͷ֣ҹδ뻹֪ġҪߴŵʥأߴҪ˽һЩġԣ̹ʩ
λǰ
֣ҹѣҾͬϸ磬ͽһʦ֡
ҹδٴʩ񣺡ʦ֣ʦ֡
ããã˴֣ߣȥ۵
ԲλƤЦⲻЦҺδЩҪ˵
ƽͷɫһͣ˼ҹδܲܲ˵ɣ
δ룬ȸһţľǰҹδȴ˵
Ͳˣƽˣ¶˵ǻҪ۵ء
ҹδҲǳһ뵽ôŴԼ뿪ضʲôش顣ҺԣԼƺԼڵ
ʲô𣿡
ҹδ̬ȣھ֪ҹδʶʲôоһ̾Ȼϵ˵
δ룬Ӵ˿ǳڵƷϣƷϵһд
õɫһִѾõĴˡҲִֻܹڻû˵꣺
Ժǳڷĵ


1049 Ʒ
ҹδȻ뵱Ǵʱȴʮ⡣֪Ʒζʲô
ζԼԶһɽ壬ζžԴζԼֻҪл֣ͿĶڲڸִУڵĴнȫţһ
ƽͷֵֹλʦ֣δ뻹һЩҪԪԺ۵
ҹδ˵ƽͷҲΣֻǶҹδ룬鴦꣬һҪ۾ۡҹδ뵱ȻӦɷ֮ʥ۵ҲΪεġֺ͸λʶһȥ
֮ϡ
ڻڼδ룬̫ˡû뵽ڷ츳ӴǳҲһɷ֮ʥˡڣڷضΪҪ֧֮һ
ϣܹӦһ
˵ʮָɴࡣ
Ҳ뵱
ڳĬƬ̣δ룬ǺµУ
ǣҹδҲʹҲõġŷķչضͻͽ
⡭ڲţδ룬ҲֱˡȻĵרҲͲܻ̫ʱ䣬ȥڷʿ÷ʿķչͻͽ
ҹδЦЦΪܹһݴС
ʲôڼĺӶڶܹһݣ
ǵݣҹδҡͷݲһ֮أһܹѹڣ漰ܸߵ硣ҲһܹƳģҪϷǳܹܲ
ʱҲ侲˼ǣ
ҿԽҵ뷨ŰپʮŸ񱮣ÿ񱮶Ӧݵһ㣬һὫϣʿֻҪʶ̽뵽񱮣õĴн͵һģһֻֻдеĹЧûѹĹЧ
ǿԳ֮Ϊб֡
ãã̫ˣȻͻȻͳĬˣδ룬Ҳ֪ĴˡŵĹ̫ˡڱߵĴʣˡһңΪڳڵڶڵĴǵ
ҹδĿһǵһأ
һǸ̫ϳϵġʿƷϡƽʿƷϣ컯ʿƷϡƷѾ˵ߴˡԴҲ൱ĻȨƷ֮ϣǵƷϵΪͻƵ컯Բʱ򣬱Ϊ̨ϳϡ
̫ϳҲûģǵǿУѰ컯֮ϵΪ磬Ѱͻ컯֮ϵ·ԣǵĴŵһ
ҹδ۾һҵ;𣿡
ûУҡͷʵϸŵ̫ϳ϶ҡҲһ۵Ƕûҵ··컯ѾǶˡ޳·һ㡣
˵ɫҲȻ
ҹδ뵹ǸдڲǺϵأ컯Բ̫Զ
ҲҪ̫⣬Ʒϵλþˡǲ
У˵㣡ھͻš
ţҹδͷļƻӵݳҪȥڵĳȥĺ͹档
صţҪȥ
𣿡
ҹδͷһۣǾŰپʮŸ񱮣Ϊܹܿꣿ
ڵϱֳ֮ɫҲӦˣŰپʮŸ񱮣²Ǽܹġڸʥؿ˼ҹδȻᡣ㻹ʣ²İ꣬Ҫʥأʱ䶼δعãڨڨ
ļƻ

㲻òˣص̻ᰲűĵȥ
ǣﻹһǵӵʿ
ȥԸţڣ¡ˣ㲻뵱ǾҪѡһɽ塣ҲܵҪһӷ̡
ҹδͷҪ̣ǹڶԼ꣬ҪһЩôҹԹҲҹδ⡣˳Ϊȡһ档ƹԼڣַˡ
ص˳ڣһڳϣʮλƷϣһٶλƷϺٶλƷϡ˱չز֪ʿµĶӭɽš
ɷ֮ʥκһеĵλƷϡЩϷ׷ҹδ빧أǵѹҹδЩƷϣҲƤǰءҹδҲںԼ飬ҲΪǰԼ򷢵˶Լ˺ϡ
ο
֪˭ڴѹйӪеƷϼˡ͸ˡѵ㻹ܹеƷ϶
ң
ԣһ֮ڳɢȥֻʣڣҹδ룬ͷճ̡


1050 
ճ̣컯ʿǷȴֻһʦ۷塣Ѿ֪ҹδܾε飬ϧ֮࣬ٴȰ
δ룬ɷ֮ʥηЦڣ
ҹδȴҡͷΪᶨֻҵļޣ϶ܵѾӦὫݵĴ£δķ϶һλĵ־ڴˡ
ճҲҹδļᶨиźŵݵĴУȻԷž޴ĺôһɷ֮ʥ̸װǲ˴оܹġˣ־ڴˣҲܱ㡣
ЦǺǵʦܣҲҪźδ뼴ǲηҲǳڵĳϡȻǰδҲһֱչҪʱҪ顣磬꿪̳һΣЩӽδ룬Ҳǲаɣ
ҹδҲұ֤ͽһΣΪһαչأܰ͹ȥˡҿ϶Ὺ̳ԣҲҪ顣
㿴ɣճüͷճҲϲ
ҹδ벻ʱ䣬㿪ڵȥ
ȥѡһɽ塣
Ǹҹδ֡
ܼǸģѡһɽ壬Ҳһ顣ȻϼƳһƣ֮ȥҰŸɽ彨áӳֱӿסˡ
˵ˣҹδȻܾܾԣҲ˷Ѳ˶ʱ䡣
һ֣ǰͶһ˵ǰչһʻ磬ǳڵŵͼһ߻Żһ߸ҹδš
δ룬ʣµɽУõľɽ塣ɽУΪɽõġ
һɽŨȺ˾סƷɽһµġڶɽҲ㹻ߣռ㹻󡣵ɽϵҲ൱ʱɽһ£ֲһЩɹԿһЩҩ԰֮涼ǳáδ룬㿴Σ
ҹδνڸѡɽһˡͷ
У
ҹδôͬԼƼҲǳˡ˻Ȼȡ˼򣬷ֱ𼤻һĻһɽͼŸֽҲŴµɹȵȡ
δ룬һ¡
ã
漰ԼסĵطҹδҲȥһ飬ȴҲֻ˲ʱƷͼȻҹδ
δ룬ں˵˵
ҹδľһ
оʮŲ㡣ÿһ㶼һ֮ãҲһǿգĹ̡Ҫע⣬һ򣬱㲻֪¡ĳһ㣬꣬ǧҲǳ¡
ҹδоһݡ
ڼ˵֮ǰ˵Ҫȥʥؿǰɣ
ţ
ҪעˣҲ֪Σǵĳһķʮϵʱ䣬ͲҪȥһˡΪһķѵʱضáҲûİȥˣսʼˡ
ҹδͷף
ڳں͵һûɱΣաԷߣҴȥ

ʮŲ㡣
ƣ
ΰ
ʱΧҲڵĵһźܶʿЩʿǳڵĵӣдɽصʿ
ҹδڵݵǶϢûдʵϣܳʱ䴫ߴʥأΪ߸ȦӡʲôϢҲ߸Ȧڴ˴˲̫ͨʱÿʥأҲͶʥصϢȤһֱʥعرգɽصʿǸʱ򣬲ǸϢɢʱ̡
ڳڣ˹עҹδЩ֮⣬󲿷ֳڵӶʶҹδ룬͸˵ɽصʿˡ
ںճĴУʿҲʶûʸԣʱҲûЩҪȴ΢΢ҡͷܾˡ
ҽȥˣҹδ벻뵢ʱ䣬ȥʥء
δ룡ȥˣǧҪ̫áʥؾûлȥˡŵģʲôʱ򶼿ȥ
ţ֪ˣ
ҹδһӣ뵽С
һϼҹδ뵽ؿ˹ճ̶ڵ
δڳã
Ʋ̫ãȥʥءɡ
ãʱ䣬δܹ϶ٲ㣿


1051 ʮ
Ҳʼ廰ˣ治ùơΪΪûʲôϵҪľľͶԡ֮ǰδ붼ܹڵݵǶӦû⡣ľϾ̫ˣǧɣ

ֻһϵľΪĴ⡣㹻ʱ䣬ܹǶҲ⡣ֻʱ䣬Ҿʮߵˡ
еˣʮɡ
ʮ㣡
ʮ˲㣡

ܹ϶ٲ㣿
˼һʱ䣬ʮ㣬Ӧҹδļޡ
˷׷׵ͷҲͬ
ǾͿɣ
˵ʶ̽뵽ĵһ㣬ÿһҲһѶֻҪʶ̽룬ͿҵҪҵ˵֡ȻҲֻܹҵ֣ĿֲڵһʱȻȥһ㡣ȻӳڳҲʧ
ʱҹδڳĵһ㡣
뵽һ֮ͷԼվһɽ֮ϣͷһƬǿա˿˿壬ȻʶгֳֻҪʧ
ľ
ҹδϥ£Щļ䵮ͷ֣Լ׶ٵؿ͸ЩЩԼľ𲻵ĥµãֻǵһ㣬ҹδľԶһ㡣
̧ͷǿȥеۣɽϣǿա
ǿƶ
ţ
ҹδɫһ㣬תƼ䣬һҰСоһ
ɱԼǿգ׶ˡ
ǲʥ֮ơ
ҹδܿͳ֮Уûע⵽ɽƮϷǿƮ˹ȥƮٶȼ죬ֻǲʮ֮һϢʱ䣬ƮǿգΪһǳ
֮
ǿǳʧˡ
ҹδ뷢Լֳһɽϣ̧ͷϷһƬǿգһƬǿҪ֮ǰһƬǿմ˲١ʶжһѶϢ֪Լ뵽ڶ㡣ҹδ֪һľƻΪǿҡɲܶҡľֺٴɽϣϷǿա
һǿյİҪһܹ໥ӡ֤ҹδܵõ˽һ
ڶˡ⣬ڵûʲô֣һϵԲʿѰӵʱһ㣬ķ롣
ǣһȥҹδѾ뵽ʮ㣬ںһڳɫȻʱǲףҹδ벻һţҲһš
Ҳԣ
˼һ£Ҳֻܹ֤ҹδľĥµĺܸߣԺܸߡ
һܹڵݵǶˣԸ߲Ǻ
ԸߣǾһһϵš
ҹδ벻ϵţҲ鲻ȥܹ½ʿܲ
ˣǶҹδ벻һҪˣҲЩڴ
ʮ㵲סδɣճ̵
ڵͷٶȣȻǵסҲ㡣Ҳʮһͣ
˾ǵͷΪʮϣѾ뵽ҹδϾֻһϵԲǺϵ粻һѶȡϾУҹδ벢ûĹһûԪ񣬸ûġ
ȻҹδʮһٶȺܿ죬ֹ˰ʱ䣬ҹδ͵ʮ㣬Ȼʱ󣬽˵ʮһ㡣
ʮһ㲢ûиҹδ̫š
ҹδԪ񣬿ˣҲ羳ĹǼƷؼǣҹδһֱǳʷ£Բ봴ˣǰǿ
ԣǿҹδֻʱ䣬͵˵ʮʱһɵˡ
ںɣֻҪڸҹδ빦ҹδһٶͻ磬Ϊһʿ
ҹδ벢ûлѶʱ䣬ʹʮ뵽ʮһ㣬룬ûѡһû̫İջһѸٵ˵ķѼꡣϾǺϵ磬ûĻȥƽԾЩ󡣶ҲŷǳĿԣ濴ԼҲֵ̫⡣ԺԼʱԼͻ磬Ҳ١ʣʱ䣬ȥʥء
ҹδ뿪˵ȥ˲䣬ͱ˳ȥ˵ϡЩվͦԶĵط֣˹ȥ
λϣǻ


1052 
ڵҿոսʮһͳˣΪʲô㻹ʱ䡣
ҹδҡͷһЩҲ˷ʱ䡣ȥ̫ڵӵͼ
ڵͷҲǣʱȥȥ̫ڵӵͼϴﵽͻҲǳҪ㡣
ҹδæֵء⼸궼һˣġ
ݲͬˡڼ֡
ҹδҲ֣ԺÿγȥҪĳͬҳʲô˵ĳҲԼ顣ҲҵĻ䣬Ҿܶɱһϲһˡ
룬Ҳȷʵˡÿһ½ʿ˵ǵʵΣӦΣյֶηǳɽʿҹδ⼸꣬žûдãˣҲźúõģ
Ҫǣ޹ؽҪķ棬Ҳҹδ˼ͷ
ԼСģʲôʱߣ
ڣ
ҹδǹ֮ˣȻˣ̶˸ǣһ뿪ţ̫ڷȥ
ɽ
ǰ̫ڵıؾ֮·ҲһΣ֮·
֮˵ΣգΪĵơ
˸оǳĵͣʵϲܵͣΪĵƣγһڻɽеǴִ磬ͬһֻʡЩڰбһƬʶΧĿռ䣬˼ͷķСʿ޷ӿзУֻܹڻɽдС
˵ôһǿĵطӦûƫƫȴ˻Ҳ֪ЩôģȻЩ磬ɽУҲǻɽֵЩȻֲָҲŨȲߡ
ʱһɽϣվż塣Ҳɽı棬Ǳżٸʿ
ûе𣿡ɽϵĴڤüͷ
ǾĲ߻ġΪ׵ĳڤһƽʿҪǲڵʿʿһڣһ۬졣˶ʿǲڵľ콾Ϊ˫ڵδĶҲȷʵǿ󣬶ҵҲ
֮ɱˣΪǱ壬նɱһ컯ĶӡΪδǿߵһʿȻ󻹴ذΧɱ˳⳹ŭ壬ηɱ
Ҳǲǰ̫ڵıؾ֮أҲϢҪ;ǰ̫ڣӵͼ
ʿѡĵطǻɽһϿȣϿϷܲķУҪɽͱ߹ϿȡϿȷǳϿлʮСɽϿлƶ硣ɽСʱǰ󽫳ں۬סӡ
ͷס֮ǱĴͼٸΧɱں۬˵
ַʵͼ㣬Ѿž۬ͳĿԡ
ٸ壬һƽ磬ĸ磬µĶǺϵɱ컯ͱˡ
ҹδ˻ɽڵϷӣʱضһ硣
Ͽȣһֻӥ˽
ڤǰں۬Ѿˣа죬Ӧý뵽Ͽˡ
ܺãڤ˫Ź⣺ȥϢ
ǣ
׼ս
պ
ں۬뵽ϿȣʱҹδҲ뵽Ͽ֮С
ҹδһ֪ıǾǰ̫ڣӵͼܲϴԼ
ѾﵽԲȣѽһͻƵƽ硣ԣϣ̫ڵӵͼ
䡭
ս΢΢һüͷû⡣
Ӧʿ֮
ԴҹδѾϰΪɽô󣬼ʱʱ̶̿ڱսҿ϶ԼԼͲԼûܵǰս
Ƿٶȣ˼Ҫһ
һ̵ͷ˳Ͽȣǰս֮ԼڴϿȡһǼǰߣϿôԼֻҪ¶ս˫ҲΪԼ
ɣ
ֻ˲䣬˾ûбҪðա
ҹδͷʱϿȿڷӶȥ
䡭
ʮͨͻȻĶ˹ҹδд󾪣ʱʶԼˣȻ֪˭ԼΪʲôҪԼķӦ죬̤ǲϿˣͬʱͷųȴǵߵ
䡭
ʮͨߵײߵ˻ȥʮͨϵҲҹδɵٶȸ죬Ѫ΢΢𵴡


1053 Ͽ
һԲʮϵڡ
ֻ˲䣬ҹδͷֱʮʿΪ
壡
ҹδȻ۾ҰУʮӰΧ˹
ҹδȻڶ㡣
䡭
ʮֱʮϣͬʱͷųüҲкʮ⣬ʮɽ
ʮʮð̣ŵͬһ׹ء
ٶ̫ˣ
ҹδ붼Ԥϲ㣬ͷųȥûв׽ʮ壬Ǵǵͷ˹ȥʮɽǵͷϺХ
ô
ҹδ벻֪ʮΪʲôôʱҲʹɽڿٴնʮ塣ʮƺҲˡ
ۡ
ʮϵ屻ɽնֻǸ컯ǿ㿪ԶȥеЧйȥǷӦٶȶ˺ܶࡣǣٱһնɱ
ҹδɽٶȽʮʬһ뿪˴˵أϿһѷУȻü˼
Ϊʲôô
Լǿˣ
Ѹٻطŷŵս̣ԼһֹѾϽ˶Է
Լˣ
ˣ
̹۲ԼķԴϵ֮ڣһֱûйۿԼıʱ;ʥϡʱԼıǿɳɳԡԼڵݵǶӦ仯
Ȼı仯ҹδ붼е𾪡
ǷϵķƱø£ҹδϸ۲˼Ϣи𶯡
ڿһɷ֮ʥ˵һɽ磬ûʲôܹ׵ġԼķȴһɵķԼ
ѵݲɽľͷ
ҹδֳ˼ʱѾˣԼķƷˣɷͷŵͨȻҲˡ
ȥһʶڵ
һ
ĸҲǿɳɳԣʱҲʵķԾҹδȷҹδһܾԱ֮ǰʮֹ
䡭
ϿȵԶҹδݵ˼һ£ѷгźȻǱйȥ
徹ȻǱ뵽彮򣬲ʣ϶ڷʿҹδ벻ܾôˡ׼ȥ͵Ϯרҵġ
ϿжΣں۬ҲǾþɳʿܹɽ紳ټͷͲһֵˡʱ򣬾Ĵν彮ɱΪʹ޵ˡɱľ鼫ḻ
һ˲䣬֪ԼϿǵһˣǽʱûз̵֡ͷӣضӭͷʹȻ󱻰Χ
ԣûתͷܣϿȵĿȣػأλغˡʱǰͻһ¡ǾҪַʽɱһЩ塣Ϊ֪Լδˡ
ǾͶɱ塣
ˣһǽޣһǷޡ
ǽޣһɽݺĺʮȫʱ;ϡֻûб
۬ǲͬһޣ±ʱһǧ壬ͬһɽ赲ĽȻּһӣһӱһʱͬһ塣ķ£ȫأɽݺᣬȫ˲һ£ĬϵߣѾɱ߸ϵ塣
ϵʿ磬ԭΪʵ顣һ飬Ȼʵۿ֮ۡ£Ҳࡣں۬ɱ߸⡣
ڤҲʵ϶Գں۬ҲżɵΪں۬Ҳɱƽ硣ԣٺϵʿĳں۬졣ٺϵֵ֣ܹܣնɱġԣȵ
Ҫ£ֻˡɱֻʱ⡣
ڤкƶﲻǿտ֮أϿȡڿտ֮أں۬׵Զݡܹݺ壬ܹһ
ϿȣϷвƽʿķ籩ͷָˡں۬ӲƴûߵĿܡ
Ȼɱ߸ϵ۬ͳڵҲȥ
ѾǼٸ岻ɢңʮһսսʽʼ׷ɱԼϿڣǵƵõơ
ڣв֪½ԼʲôΪҲһƽ磬ԼϿȹȿȥƽΧǸʱľˡֻζˣܹɱ塣


1054 Χ
֪˶󣬱ڳΧԼֻǺϵǶԷ̫ࡣһΧϣʱҪͻΧѡΧϵĶʱڣԷƽͻһӵϣǸʱ˱û
˶һۣһζΧԼһͱѰһѷ죬ɽͻʶ̽ȥ鿴ѷɽ
ǺźǣĿǰֵѷɽͬҪһθӣɽֻͬҪ㹻ӣͿԶȥøӵĵնɱһ塣
Ȼ˵ɽһڵɽҲ˻ϣûУҲܹɱһЩ塣
ɱϵĶʼɱѾʼ÷ѾˣΪЩϵսڳΧüսܵ壬ǿ
ҽأЩʿɵսѾ˰ΧȻΧȦ󣬻źܴĿ϶ҾҲԶǿǣΧȦСĻΧԽԽСձסǸʱ򣬱ƽ綯ֵʱ̡
пʼʶϵͱѰѷɽ
Ȼ󡭡
ҵһɽǸɽڲֻһܽȥô󣬵ʮָӣʶȫҲ֪ûµĳڣѾ㹻ˡѾ־ֻŶɱ塣
ֻǸɽЩԶǸһСս·ϡ
ѾʼСΧȦûпٶȿ죬ͻ¶ҪȷĹУܳں۬ҪǸ϶ͻΧǶܹʱסս˰˽ӡ
˶һۣûǸɽķɱȥ΢Щƫķȥս֮ķ϶ĸоͻΧ
˵Ķ죬ҼΪǷ϶ߵս̱˴ƶҪǸ϶ֻҪǸ϶ĳں۬սİС
ں۬ͻȻı˷ƶеСӳ˹ȥ忴ǳ˶Ǿḻʿܳսİ֮Уһսѵѡ
ǿȵɱ˲䱬
˺һսײһܹնɱ壬սܹγɵİΧȦȥҪٶγɰΧҪһβ̵ʱ䡣ֱʮ壬ܱȱΧ֮ԼٸʿҪǿöࡣ
ڤҲã϶ƴҪƴɱһ·ΧȦǸսƴֵȻСӿʼСΧȦ
ڤҲһ֮ӣΪ߾ĺҲмӵкܸǻ۵ʿҲ顣
ָ£ʣµսӸûȥǸںʿսӣרעСŰΧȦսӵʮɶԳں۬Χɱ
ҪãͿϵĺΧǸʱԳ֣ټʮ磬ɱ콾ֻʱ⡣
ŵĳں۬죬ɱν콾ҪԼնɱˡ
սУڽݺᣬͬ۬貶ĿֻǰϢʱ䣬ѾնɱĸϵʱһֱעķΪҪСΧȦƶ¶
˼ΪĬ۬ǧ壬ͬһɽںԼսӣսһҡѾ˽һɽķһնɱϵ˺øͬʱ۬Ҳ˹
ڤɫһ䣬ʶ˳ں۬Ҫʲô˹ȥسں۬졣սıй켣ٴ˰Χ˹
̶̵Ϣʱ䣬˾յĲ˻ǱסˡʱѾûֶΣںֻ۬ǿгǸɽ֮Сϵʱ΢һЩͻᱻٸ峹װΧ
䡭
ս˲ͱüΪңѾʼˡ磬Ϊ൱Ȼսʿȴóں۬ž޴ѹ
ؼǣڲζˣֻܹǿ塣Ϊһζķʱ䣬ͻᱻСİΧȦס
ԶĳڤЦˣ
ˣ
ڵľѾˡֻҪٸϢʱ䣬ܹɺΧ


1055 
۬һ羫գһնȥǷ羫һ޴ķУһ졣
Ȼ󡭡
ҰУܼķ籩ͻȻͬһ㣬һУ˲γһ磬Ǹ档Ϣʱ䣬ɢﻹǸ磿
ǸѾһ̲Ѫ⡣
ԭѾˣܶɱһͶɱһȴû뵽նɱһ徹Ȼ׺⡣
ڴ㵵ĵȻôˣܹϷķ籩
۬Ҳɫ㵣Ͳġķ羫ûôǿ󣬶ڻɽҲϿյķ籩
ʱ˵һᣬҲֱ棬ǰȥͬʱٴʹ羫գŶһնȥ
߿ִһ籩Ǹɱ
ŶԷ֮ʣҲʹɽ̶ͬһǳ׹䣬ؽǸɱ顣
ң
Լͷŷ羫գɱһ磬Լ÷羫з籩ɱ塣Լ֪ǲԼġʶڡɫһ㣬ͬʱʶԼаˡֻӦҲǿʵӦҲͺһڡԲҳֻܹ͵Ϯ˻ӦһͨԵʿ
ǲΣḻˣʱ˳ɽľŶԷڻңɱ硣ǰԼ磬ѾɱʣɱһǶԼѹ١˵ԼߵĻᡣ
ϵļΪĬ۬ͷų羫֣һնȥʱҹδȴûж֣ΪǸڤĴѰ
͵Ϯȷʵҹδ롣ߵɱʱ򣬵һӦҲʿһҪѰһɹ˿صĵطԣҲǸɽŴҵעڳں۬ϣȻɽǱɽ֮У۲սȻ۬ͷŷ羫ֵʱһ
Ƿ籩ܹ籩֮ԻܷϼķУźܶԵķԣ۬ͷŷ羫ֵʱ̴ڵķ˿еķ籩
ڵķ̫ˣѾɷ֮ʥؼıҲˡһͷųͨľˡôһ֮أ֪أΪǷ羫ֵԭնɱ硣
ǣɱ壬㷢ֳڤƺɣʼĴѲ顣Լʱ۬ͷŷ羫֣Ҳ׼æˡʱԼٳ֣һضᱻڤ֣һ棬ᱻ׼ĳڤסͨҲնɱ硣
ԣҹδûж֡Ҳûг磬ðڤڵʿһ㡣Է羫ֵǸ硣ŵ˶ȫעڷ羫ֺϿյķ籩ϡȴǺ˳ڣһնɱ
ǰ½صĸֻʣ
˭ʶ
֪۬صôƯģһ벻˭
᲻̫ڵķ޺ۣ
ûôҲ˵аûмˡ
˵ģһַͨطҲĶ֡
Ҳǣ
ô죿
ɱܹʣµҲɱˡʣĸ磬Ǿһ
У
˵ĽȻǲŽɽֻŶɱˡ۬һӣһӱסʮϵսһƷʮϵŶݵıȻͼһ̳ͬһ꣬ÿһǶһ㽣⣬ֻһʮϵʣ˲ٹϵҸһɱ˹ȥ
ﻹǿɿĺˡ
ڤѾ߷˹ˣдŭĸ磬Ѿÿʿӽɽͨʮʮȵľƣһӳ˱ʡϵ
סǣ
˵ξһ֪ͣڤŻǣסں۬죬壬ڤĻٴųں۬˹ȥ
ں۬ʱҲȫڤĸǱ̵ʱڣ壬ɱһ·ɽڡΣˡ
ʵϣһҲڤԤϣͻҲЩæҡ
̫ˡһӽɽɽڵĸӵΣûµĳڣɱ˳ں۬죬ǻ֪Ҫʿ


1056 ɽ
䡭
ں۬ײ콾ֻһײͻ硣ҲҪסȻˣǺ˵ķȴǸɽͨɽĵ·ϡ
ںֳ֮۬ɫǲûͷ֪ڤĸѾˣֻҪٵһΣԼ˾ͻᱻڤĸ׷ͷͨľ롣
ʱǶɷǷ˰ǣΪʲôڻ֣
ʱĶдʶǰ壬
һϲٶɽķȥͬʱͨѾͷŶͬʱͻȻִ˲ǵʿԴϡ
ں۬оһϲһ˵Ѿնɱʬˤڵءɽ㿴һӰûеȿʲôģԷڣ
𷴿ߣ
ȻԼֱԷץסɽڳȥôһ˲˸оΧľ±ˣɽһƬ֡ûеӦΧľֱˡҹδɿ֣ӡ˶һۣ
ڳڣ
۬죡
ôƺ
ҹδ룡
˶һۣû˵֡Ӳ棬ʵǿ
Ŷǻ󣿡
ţҴæģ赲ǲãǿ
ҹδס˽Ųǰڡ
ȥߣ
ҹδ˵һȻջһŷұߵǸڴǰҲϢʱ䣬ȻͳߵĲͷ
ֻһϢҵʱ䣬ҹδͲϣȻųں۬ɽڷӡڵ
ô̫ˣͷɱʹ졣
۬Сѱ˵˵ֻֻǺϵһˣϲÿˡСķܸ߰ջٶ졣
һܣһߵ¶ӣǿСѼȻ᲼Ϊʲôǲ͵ϮЩ壿
ʱǰֳڣҹδһ߲һ˵ջάֵʱ䲻淢սάֲӡԷֻһ͵Ϯ޷ǶԷ̫ˡһʧôҪѾˡ
ҹСѵʵǿֶʲô㣿
ҹδѾһ󷨣ʼڶΪʲôҪΧɱ
۬콾е̫ˡǾȥ彮ͺܲܳԣɱǲ֡
֮ǰ飿
ûУһǱ彮ɱǡ
ǿβɱǣǲĵġǻɽҲı巢ԣǵҲõǷɱ뿪
۾һ뷨ˣ
뷨ûУڲ󣬵ǿǴݵؽɽڵĵƶƻҲ١
۬СЩضҷֿѲ飬һǾһ𡣻СѲ󷨸ǣǱԴݵʱ䣬ɽڵĵֻҪܹǵ˵ľ飬Ⱥһ̵Ľѵ
˲ʶͷ˳ȥں۬ȫ˽ڵĵƣҹδ뻹Ҫ󷨡ɽڵĿռĺܴ˵ٶȣһʱ䣬û̽ꡣɫɽŸʶЧʶֻܹͨӣܴ͸ɽ塣
ҹδɽһȭбҲ֪ɽ徿ʲôңȻ쳣ʵȻֺ
̽ѶȣȻҲʿѰǵѶȡ
ಡ
˴һͨڳ˳ȻͣסΡһ޴Ķߣܹңǽ֪ͨͨͨ
ں۬վҹδ벼ҹδȴһ
λѣռ㹻󡣶֮ǰ㹻󷨣ΪӮ˲ٵʱ䡣⻹һֱܹҶǴ߲ͨˣǾҪʱ䣬ܹҵǡﲼһ󣬵
Ʒ㹻𣿡
ҹδһ£ȫȻ㹻˵ƽ⣬컯мסԷġɷ֮ʥ
ûɷҲ˵ûУֻƷܵ͡ǰģǸʱһɷʦΪɷ֮ʥ󣬸ûʱȥɷźܶƷϣֳ
Ҳ⡣
ʿ֮ǰܹɷ


1057 
ô⣿۬쿴ҹδڳ˼һ
ţҹδ뿪ڵûɷҿǲ֪ʿܹ
۬ͳҲüͷʿĿ죬ǲ󷨲ɣǻᱻ׷ϡӾˡҲ벻취
δ룬ɷʦʲô취
취Сҹδ˼ɷһܽСķȻٲϵƷϵ󷨵ܡһٶȸֻüһܽС󷨣ʱסԷû⣬ҲüѾһЩ͵Ϯ壬ҼƷ󷨵ܡ
ãô죡ں̵۬ͷ
ҹδҲԥȡ˷ʷֽͷīʼÿһţʼһŷȥ˵ʧ
ڤѾŭ˼㡣
ʧȥ˳ں۬˵ټζðžķգǱһŬ׷ˡȻۿ˽뵽ɽ֮Уɽڵĵ̫ӣûܹץں۬졣
۬ͳɱˣʵ̫ˣɱ̫ʿһĽУȵžž졣ܽնɱ弸ûˡؼǣѾ硣ܹʮ硣Ͽͷһֻʣĸ硣Ľ֣ܲˡ
ǰɽ̫ӣ̫ĻߡǲǷֿѰңһʿʵ
ڤǳֿѰңһ㶥ס𣿡
Ǹɫһ͡
ô죿֮һ˻󷨣׷ٶȡ
ڤ۾δеһҾӦûһˡǸ˲ʦ
󷨣һ㡣󷨾Ҳһ㣬вǡ
ҵ׷·Ѿԭ·ˡɽбĶڣˡ
ڤǲԭ·أڲ֪ĶҲӦò֪ĶҲԭ·أǸû룬ſڡԣӦûɽѰĳڡץʱ䡣Ȼɽڲܶ࣬Ǹҵľ飬ЩĳطͨġҲǾܹǡ
ಡ
ٶʿɽڷӣǶǳͽ䱸ʱս׼
ǲҷɢ˵ǻ֪˭ҹδ룬ǳں۬˵ʵҲǼɵɢóں֣ܹ۬Ǹɱ
ɽڣ붴֮УҹδȻһȥں̷۬ҹδ룬ҹδͷȻѸٵػŷ˵ϣʶ
ܹжֻһʱʱ䡣쵽һʱʱ򣬼ǵûصߣٸ
˵ͷȻĿ˴ӿ֮Ķڣҹδڻ󷨵ܻ֧һʱ䣬ʱڣԲϵܡ
ಡ
һʿڶڣŶڿһۣûзʲôȴŰ˸ڣŶӶȥڶУȴҶپȥĸڡʿ㿴Ǹʿ˵ϣĴţûʲôȴ֪Ѿǻγ˻Ӱ
ಡ
һʿ˽ȥڤҲ⡣ڤ˶֮󣬱㷢˲ԣֻԼһվһƬС
ãˡ
𡭡
ХһҪ֪ͨʿҪХȴûаȥ
ಡ
ٶʿ˽˴֮УÿʿԼһеΧһƬɭ֣еɳĮУеڱѩС
Щ岢ң֪ԼУҲͨ󷨡֪ǿƾ豩󷨡Ȼ󷨵ǱܹƵķΧڡ
䡭
ٶʿʼԺҲо飬Լֻͨһط


ͬʱϵʿնɱˡ
ں۬ڴ֮УǳĬרЩϵʿ֡ЩϵԭʵͲԶֱ֣ͻȻϮﻹл·
ں۬˼һϢɱһ졣
ߵҹδȴŲСѹٶʿһȻûмһҹδ벼ĴҲһʱ֮ҡҡλΡҹδ뻭ٶȷǳ죬ϵشܡһߵĳں۬ڲϵնɱϵʿÿնɱһͽ˹ܣôû顣


1058 ɱ
䡭
ʿȴɲ֪ͬǿȻԼ˴ǳں۬Ҳض͵ϮǣҪɱҲûô졣رǳڤĸ磬һŵġ
ǵһӺ󣬳ں۬ѾܼɱһϵЩʿҲʼ⵹ǷͬǷԼȻ䲻еʿʼ˺󣬿ʼĽ䱸Щ䱸ʿں۬ҲͲᣬרЩںĺϵʿ
ʱҹδѹѾļ٣ټͣػ󣬴Ѿǡǣҹδ벢ûн󣬶ǿʼԵķȻͶ뵽Уʼ蹥Եķ
ֹȥ˲һӵʱ䣬ֻʣʮʿ
һƽ磬ĸʮһϵʮһϵʿڹ󣬶Ǿؽ䱸ܡ
ں۬һʶȻ˿ʼֺϻˣʿž䱸ҲסһϾֻǺϵں۬ȴ硣ֹһ
˼ֱҪƤ˽ľʵЧںƤ
䡭ֻгڤĸ绹ڹ
䡭ߵĳںֲ۬ϵնɱϵʿ
õʱϳԼʱʱ䣬˽еĺϵʿնɱڣʱʣʿ
һƽ磬ĸ硣
ں۬켫ĬʼֹʿҹδҲͣʹۿ֮ǰɱϵûʲôÿġɱ磬ҲҪ˾ʲô죬Ȼʹ廨ôĴɱˡ
˻ǿ
ҹδ뿴ӰȻһغڣͽǸնɱնɱ˵ڶ磬ҹδ뿴һЩŵ
ⲻ˵ʵǿ󣬶һϵ֣ͨܲһһʵ˼
ڻͨУ
ҹδоȣܹⲻսĴ򷨣һͨ
֣ɱ磬ҹδϸۿȴɣûпͨİ
ǲῴŴ󳬼Ű֮ǰսŵ磬һֱʤԼЩˡ
ҹδɴֹͣ˻ʱȻûвһ͵ĹԷ󣬵ȴҲһС͵ĹԷں۬նɱڤĹ̡
䡭
˶ˣǳڤȴǷӦ죬һ˹ͬʱдЦ
͵ˡ
ں۬ȴҲ壬һؼлڤڤҲֶξҹδ뿴һƽԲʵһƽе콾ʵ
ֻǼغϣں۬·磬ܹԾսնɱƽ硣նɱ߾ʿҲƽڣ⻹ǵһζһƽԲһһͨƽԲһ콾
ҹδûг֣þԼΧڤҲ򲻹ԷԼз
䡭
ҹδ뼤˷󣬿жȻһɫ󽣣ѿհն˳ڤڤʱѾֳԭΣһβͳ˽ɫ޽ֻצ˳ں۬졣ں۬챻Ļõɣʱ򣬳ڤſһɫĹųڼȥʱĳڱ֮ǰһצĻʶ𶯣޷ͷųͨӦԣֳ֮ɫ
ϣ
һɫ޽Ȼ˽ɫĹⵯϣȻһ죬ⵯͽɫ޽Ա顣ҡ
ҹδʶ
ں۬ʧУصҹδߣ¡
ҹѣа취
ܲȵϢ״ָ̬۷壬ٻһЩӴܣȻΧǸ塣
ڿһ۴еĳڤĵһֱʵֹⵯͨ󣬴ܹܵס𣿡
֪ԿʵڲУǾӣӮʱ䡣
Ҳã
˲ԥϥʳҩϢ
䡭
ڤŴ󹥻ȫвͣⵯҵҡŹⵯͬһĴһ˿ơ
ҹδʼһһŻķǸոճƵĿռʧˡԭ¶ϲĳڤһӴˡֿʼ³ⵯ
ߵҹδҲڼٵػȻ󽫷ǴһƣһʧҹδͳڤʱƣƳֵԽԽСһʱ󣬳ڤѾˡ


1059 ɱ
ɫüΪ֪ԼסˡʱҲˣʿʱѾˣʣһˡҲټˣһĹҲʱ򣬳ںֹ۬һ˿ΣաԣҲʼһ߾䱸һ߿ʼ˹Ϣ
ҹδһʼֻҪʱ䣬һɱƾŴܹƽԲĳڤնɱͲóں۬졣
ֹȥʱں۬
ҹСѣˣ
ҹδִһŷȻһ߼һ˵ҪնɱԷĳ̶ȣҪʱ䡣
ڴﵽʲô̶ˣ
Ҳ֪⻹ҵһβ̶ֳȵĴ󡣡
۬쿴һ۴еĳڤҪһΣ
Ҳã
ҹδûоܾ֣ȻˣҲܹӳˣδشùڤҪڤҲû취ܹڤնɱҲܹʡµʱ䡣ҹδ뻭ŷ˵ϡ˱ųڤ˹ȥ
ں۬Ѿ˾ڤܽľ룬ͣȻŴڻǱϾԷƽ磬̫ܹԷӦ˽Ŀ⿴ҹδ롣ҹδ춯ָȻųڤңңһָ
͡
ڳڤ£ͬð˼ֻ֣εץס˫Ⱥ塣һ˲䣬۬ͳڵĹѾˡ
ǧ嵱ͷȥһ̳ͬճһѷһ㣬ֱųڤնȥ
䡭
ڤȻһǼֻ֣ͬʱͷһŹⵯײǧϣǧһ㵹ɶȥͬʱŤһһ
͡
һؿڣؿһۡ
еҹδٴ춯־ǳڤоһµļӲʯѾֻ˲䣬Ѿݵϥǣһݡ
ˡ
ǧˣּ۬һӡųڤԴȥǴӡͬһķĴɽҲʹɽٴųڤȥǳֻͬһӡ
ڤţ˫֮Ѿסͷ˫һ񣬱˳ͷ˴ӡͽӡ
𣡡
նͷ޻˴ӡͽӣȻײһ
ӡӵҡ
ۡ
˲ɿڱѪڤһ˿׹⣬ȴɫȻһ䣬ͷȥཬ˳Ȼ˫Ѿ뿪ĵ棬ཬҲѾʡڴʱҹδ뿴ڤཬ̾һһͺˡָһ䣬ͼЩཬΪʯͷ
ڤɫ䣬Լ°ڱΪʯͷڻֻǱ㣬Լڱ仯
⻹˵ץں۬죿
æתԪ
䡭
°ԪȻЩʯ鼤䣬°ѾѪģеĵط¶˹ͷ
ɣ
ں۬˼ڤⷬģҪȴҹδʶʮֹϵغ󳷣˴֮Уصҹδߡ
ǱߵĳڤĿΪΡ
ԭץסں۬еһȻȶԷԼߣȴû뵽ۿųɹȴԼʯͷ
֪һδôõĻˣ
Ͻ˰ɣҹδԳں۬
˵ͷҲϥʳҩʼ˹ˡҹδֿʼ̶
ʱһȥһһ¹ȥˣں۬ͻָΪҹδԣҹδ벼
ҹѣҪһֱӰѳڤŪ
ţҹδͷ
Ҫã
ԼҪ°ɡ
תתҹѣڴﵽʲôܣٴ֣ܲնɱڤ
ҹδֹͣ˻ܲɱ֪Ӧòᱻץס
Ǿԣ
ڿڵ۬ҲԾԾԡ
Ǿԣ
ҹδ춯ָȻŴеĳڤһָ
ˡ
𶯣֮еĳڤȻĿĿڴŽš
һˣûû˶֪û뿪
뿪ˣǿԷĵعڳʱĹ£Ľһ
û뿪Լľ޴ʱͻȻԼ׶༪ˡ
ԣкìܣҲܾᡣ
˶ˣһ£ڵȵ˶ڴԭ򡣵һûжͻȻ˶Ҳܽš
ѵ˰֣


1060 ͻɱ

ߴ׿ȥɫ䣬㿴һ˹һ޼ʣ಻
ܡˡ
ﬡ
˫סѻͷʱһѾﵶնȥ
Ȼһ죬㱻һ飬ǵڶѾ£һʼܡһܣʧȥƣһһ˷ٶҲ㲻ȥƵòٴӦս
䡭
һһڤ͵Ĳ񻰡
ǿڴе˶
ҹѣе޾𣿡
ҹδҡҡͷֻܹͷžŰپʮͷţͻ
۬ɫһݣ˼ǣÿͷһܾͻ½һ֣
ԣ
ô죿
Ҽܣģѡʲôʱ֡
ã
۬ͳרעضųڤҹδֿʼȻʱ䲻᳤ҲܹһЩܣΪҹδȡʱ䡣ˣǳڤ˾ŰپʮҲôסڤ
䡭
ڤڲϵ
һ
ڤĿʼ֪Ƿܹ޾ͷǺܴЩ޾ˡ
İŰ
۬ͳڶˣؿʼлڤڤһӾͱ忪ʼˣŭŭ۬ͳڴϲ⻹һ˵ڤ
ڽ۬һйҹδ졣
һ̫ˣ
ԼĽ
ҹδȻϲãֳڤʼƣˣȻռƣѾûôˡ
ʱڣ۬죬ټϴΧȻѾնɱ˾Űʮϵƿʼˡ
ҹδϵڴǱУһкС
ܿ죬ҹδǱеڤǳģôԶֻܹͨĳں۬졣
۬ͳҲҹδ룬̽øңֻгڤҹδ룬Ϊҹδ뻹ڿƴȴ֪ҹδǱеѾס
ҹδûж֣ڵȣǳڤĵø

һųڤ壬ڤն飬ͬʱҲ۬죬ʿ
ʣʮʱ򣬳ڤѾʼ·硣ֻҹδѾûг֣Ѿڵȡ
ں۬쿪ʼˣΪ֪ʣʮˡ
ҹδǼƣҪֵģ
ֻһϵ
˹øˣͬʱҹδʶ
ҹѣɳֻ֣ǿƴ󼴿ɣ
ҹδûĿ˳ڤ
䡭
ʱĳڤѾʼ·ˣ̫ˡҲǳ֣Ϊʲôں۬ͻȻôƴ
ƴԼˣؽ
ѵ
۾һ
ѵܾҪľˣ
ʱŹעһΧĿռ䣬ֿζֻʣʮˡ
Ҫˣ
Ȼӿ˾ϲ
ڣ
ҹδһ֣еͼһڹ⣡
ٶȶ찡
ֽҳڤĽڵϣһ˲ҲзĿܣڲܡ
͡
ֻһ˲䣬Ͱѳڤƣڴͬʱҹδ˳ȥһȭݺݵغ˹ȥ
һȭҹδ뱾۷塣
䡭
̫ͻȻˣһȭֱڤԴ˫˫űƣûüѡ˫нҹδҲƽԲıٶȣڵϣѾͳڤʵ൱ڤֻüƫһԴҹδһȭûдԴ룬Ǵϡ
߾ͷϵѪɣзɳȥݣͬһر˳ȥ
䡭
һһҧϣҧһ롣
ϣ
䣡
ڵɽ۬ͬʱϡ

ż˺ҧųڤڤ˺ƬĲˡ
ͨ
ں۬һƨ˵ϣŴİۻˣϵҲᡣ
ҹδ뵹ûˣҲûʲôģһлȻһץ㽫ʿĴָץ˹ˣ˵ϣûһߡ
ԭҪųں֮۬ٷߡȴû뵽նɱ˳ڤ֮˶ʮ˷ܣҹδ
δ룬ǿ


1061 ӵͼ
ҹδ룬ͷһȭǿƽ۷ʵս֮󣬺ҹδҲ׽࣬ٳƺѣֱ֡
ҪǣоҹδʸΪǵѡ
ﵽƽ۷壬ķضҲ˵ʲô
˵ҹδҪͻ磬׶١
ҹδ˿佱ԼҲûǫ飬ЦŽЩָŰѣ
һһѣ
ʹ죡
ˬ죡
Ȼᷴԣˣѵһָȥ飬ȻΪ˼ʯ
һˣŷǵݡɴˣҲҹδƷԣиǻϲԸύ˶Ĵһӣ˴ָҹδţЩָڵԴԼòϡлһ˵ɳǣûµʿҲ֪ĸôˣ
ǲЩԴһţ
Ŷ
ҹδȻӦ˹ԼѾǳڵƷϣźܸߵĵλȨǲǽӹǶӵڣ
ǼڣԼɽ壬ԺԼɽΪģŹǷʿӹڳҲԼһ룬ҲһЩȰµˡ
š
ԼصڣͰԼɽúþӪһ¡
δ룬ôûͻ磿ʵ
һ׼ͻƣЩûס
ں۬ɫһ࣬˵ҹδҪͻ硣
λʦΪʲôķɱҹδʳ⡣
һ˵ˣ׷׽ԼĽܳ¼Ȼҹδ֪˵Щ䣬Ҳа˳棬Ҳɾ塣
лᣬδҲλʦȥ崳һ
ڰֵǧǲˡ
ΪΣ
⼸ҪȥʥһȻײȻҪȥѰҺɵϡδ룬ҲҪϡλᡣ
ҹδ۾һǴӻɽߣҪȥ̫ڵӵͼ
Ҳǣ
԰
̫ˣһȥȥӵͼбһȡ
ãǾͱһȣҹδҲʮͶԼƢˣȻȥ̫ڡ
ã
Ҳʳҩʼˡ
֮ϣڿΧĴֻǴʱϵķѾˣҲ͸
δ룬ѴرգǰЩʬһ¡϶ǱҲܹζ
ã
ҹδ˴Ҳûз֣Ǹȥȡʬ壬˭յľ˭ġԭ·أɽڳϿǰȥ
һΣ˶ΪСģʶܵ˳ȥȻǾͷ˶½ǵʮʿǿĲһ磬Ϣʱ䣬ȫնɱɨսӶȥ
̫ڡ
ں۬Ǻģܶʿʶ˶ǳ飬˵ҹδûдûʶҲں˳ں۬ٲȥ
ٲۼ˺ܶʿЩʿǸոմӵͼгȻһʱ֮ٶȽӵͼУԼԪ
ٲӵͼ
仰˵ٲӵͼݻġ
δ룬Ǳȱȣӵͼǰں˷ܡ
һ£ע⵽ںҹδ롣ܹóҪһȵˣܼ򵥡
ǣ˾һϵԲڱ
ѵǳڵ
ʱ۬Ҳδ룬ǿʵڣʱδ롣
ʿˣ
ҹδ뾿Ǻˣ
۬óڻ䣿
ƲƲ죺㻹ǵԼɣһضҵġ
䣬һݣٲ
۬캰һδ룬ߣ
ಡ۬Ҳٲ
ҹδһ̤Ҳӵͼ˹ȥ
һҹδٲо޴ѹˢһĪֱ͸Լڣ·Լٲһ֣ʼˢԼڵԪˢԼԪеʣԼԪøӵľ
ҹδ붢ٲѹϷȥΪ۬ͳٲϷɣе˶ŬϷɡȻҲʿĳλãٲѹǸλӦЩʿסѹļޡ
ӵͼĲʥ
ҹδ벻ɸ̾
ʱ򣬿ٲѾˣǵ뵽ӵͼ֮󣬲ŷԼС˵֮󣬲ŷӵŶôĻֺ룬Լӵ;УСͬϡ


1062 ԪԲ

ҹδ붥ӵҵѹϷȥ˳ں۬󡣶ѹһʱ֮󣬳ں۬ͷһۣҹδɸǵһ˿Ȼ
߶Ѿ˺ϵʿܵѹҹδ뻹ܹǵ֤ҹδԪѾ硣ҹδʵ֮Ѿûʲô棬
ӵͼҲʮ档
ⲻӣȻҲˮŨԪɣʿ壬ֱӳˢʿڵԪԣܷסӵѹʿıʶҲ޹أйصֻڵԪ
˳ϷʵǶȥ֮⣬Щʿڿˡ
տʼʱǹעĶǳں۬ˡϾ˿νɽ콾ںϵҹδûйעıҪ
ǣҹδųں۬һ·˺ϵ뵽ڣʼ΢˹עҹδˡǹעҲ࣬ϾϵԲԪʿҲкܶࡣ
˱ƽƽĸ߶ȣעҹδʿԽԽˡ
ΪǿЩˡ
ʿںϵԲʱ򣬽ԪΪͻ׼ǽԪľڣͲˡ
ǣں档
ǿҹδųں۬ƽ߶ȵʱЩʿӲۿеɳ
⡭ôܣ
ں۬춼زס񣬴е
ڴԼƽصλͣѾﵽļޣȻʹͣؿҹδ볬
⡭ôܣ
ҹδѾƽڣԲѵԪƽԲ
ʶҲû⣬Ϊʲôͻƽ磿
̧ͷţĿҹδ롣
ʱ֮⣬е˶ڿҹδ롣ȻлǼٵģؿҹδڲͣ
ҹδƽԲĸ߶ȣ߶Գܵѹ֪Լڲˡ仰˵ԪƽԲһЩ鸡
ͣӵĳˢ

ۿҹδʿһҹδǶԼܲסȻ߶ѾԽܣܱ컯Ҫǿܶࡣ
Щ˿ʼҹδϣҹδȴǲЩĬĬسӵĳˢĬĬشԼԪ
һ죬죬졭
һ££¡
µʱ䣬ҹδԪﵽƽԲ̧ͷһϷٶ
һ˲˼˵Ŀ⡣
ǡ

ҹδ뱻˳·Լʮɣֹס˷塣ҹδûٳԣֻǷһ˲Ѿ֪컯׶εӣԼȫ޷ֵһѾʼһЩʱԲڵԼֵܹġ
ԪͱһԼϵΪǾԲͻƵ컯硣컯һʱ䡣
Ǿ뿪ȥ£
ȻҵԪӵͼвŻƽԲڵıҲƽԲҲڵ׳дһܹﵽԲ
ҹδӵͼгֱ뿪̫ڣܶʿԭźҹδʶһȴû뵽ҹδӵͼг֮󣬾ֱ뿪
ҹδԶ̫ڣ㻽·ȥھǧ֮⣬ҹδ̤ͣƶУ·ȥ
¡
һȦһȦزͣɢһȦһȦıУڳˣĿռ֮С
ҹδ뽵ͷ˳̨ȥ
;вʱʿɽҲʿɽǺУǱ׳ĸʿ
ɽǰ˵Լ⣬Сдҹδ˳һɽ·źɽȥаʱܼ֮תսǣ㱻һƬ׹ҫۡ
һ
һֻǺڲˮǻҺ
Ųٵʿڴ壬ϱûںҲһȦһȦʿϥǵģˡӦ׳ˡ֮ٽ뵽׳ڼ塣
ҹδĿ׳أ׳صΧ࣬ûв֮أԽĵķԽ١ӺߵĵľֳʮݵĻӺ߿ʼʮ֮û֮أҪ壬͵õȺ׳ʿлᡣ
Ǵʮ֮濪ʼͿʼˣ˿ĵطԽģԽ١
ҹδ룬ԼⱾ壬ӦܹܴӺʮ֮ߵλãһӣ׳صϿգȻʮ֮ߵλá


1063 Բ
ꡭ
˲串ҹδ롣
ţ
˲٣
ҹδźȥһߣһ߸֪ԼĴܿͳԽʮ֮ߣ뵽ʮ֮ȻûͣΪʮ֮Ѿ֪Լʮ֮Ǵƽʿı
岻ҪרעһˣҶעҹδһ·ǰ˺İտʼûйעԴʱҹδû¶Ϊ£ǻ治֪ҹδʲôΪ硣
ҹδֱؽ뵽ʮ֮Щжһ
ƽʿ
ǣôûмأ
һƽʿӦûɣ
Ҳʶԣǲ˭ʶ
ȻǾͿҹδһֱߵʮ֮ŵıԵۿžҪ߽һȦӡǸȦӿ컯ʿĵط

ҹδͣһΪһ컯ء
ˣ
㲻һ컯УһƽУҲЩΪ͵˽šһ˵С˺ܶࡣرǵУҹδɲһͨƽУվǸλãһƽԲĴС
ʱƽʿҲҹδ룬һҲʮ֡
˭
ôʶ
ʵЩлڵƽʿѾ˼ʮʱˣҹδΪƷϵ飬ǲ֪Ϊƽ糤ϡ֮ǰҲעһϵӣгϹעҹδ룬ҲЩƷϡڵƷϣҲʶҹδ롣
еҪкѯһҹδǼҹδѾ۾ҲСͷʼרעĴ塣
ҹδʱڸ֪Լı壬ȷʵûȫﵽԲ磬Ѫ鸡֪ҹδģδĸڣԼƽԲľ硣
ĸµʱܿȥʵϻûеĸµʱ䣬ҹδıʹﵽԲľ硣ǰһһС
䡭
Ͱ˻ȻûˣǼҲʹü˼
컯϶žȻĲͬ
ѾˣԪͬҲͬǲ֪ԪǷͬ
ֻûĵط
ˣ
뿪ˣ
ҹδ뿪Ĺ϶ͻȻûͣҪǰڵɽɽԼҪĺܾõʱ䡣ھײֻٶꡣ̫ͨҪɽѵʱ䲻١
ΪʲôҪȥѧϰ󷨣
ҹδ뵹ûʹԼʲôѧȻҲԣھŹʱҲǶǿһǶȴ˺ܶࡣҲҪѧϰ󷨵ԭԭǣɽʱͿôһΣΣֵꡣֻʣٶʱ䣬ֻԵգǲɵ
ĻԵʥȥˣֻʣôһطˡ
ţ
ԣ
ı䷽ųڷȥ
ΪԼ󼸺ûʲô˽⣬ôȥɽ˵򣬵ȫƾԼٶֱ̫˷ʱ䡣
ͷͬҹδɷҲڲ˺ܶഫУԲܹڵϵǶΪʵɷûС
֮ҹδص˳ڣֱȥڡڼҹδҲһ㣬û뵽ҹδô졣
ôӵͼû̫Ч
ҹδҲûΪʥعر֮ڸʥصı֣ƱҲᴫ
ҵԪѾﵽƽԲûбҪˡ
ʲô𾪵ƤӶȻԲŵٴʵģ
ģ
һСʵȥˣ
ȥˣ
ЧΣ
ҲƽԲ
˻
ڵһջǲ˵Լţҹδһֻ֣ҹδףҲһֻ֣˵һڿڵ
ȱ壡
ã
ͬʱõı
˫Ŀԣ˼֣Ԫ
ã
ҹδðɱ⣬Ԫ

ڷЦſҹδ֣´ҹδ룬ҹδܲͻ컯֪һ׵ƽʿõʱ䲻᳤
ʶô
û⣡
ʱܹͻ磿
ɣ
Ϊʲôͻƣ
ԭ򣡡
ڵֳһ˿Σ⹦Ϊûиҹδ룿
Ӧ˹ڹ㿪ˣȥѰʺĹ
ҹδҡҡͷȻûȥ󣬵֪ȫʺҵĹӦûС


1064 
ҲҡͷȫʺϵĹֻȥʺϹ
ҵĹֻ뽫ڵĹȫҹ֣Ҫʱܡ
ɫһͣвΪȻҹδЩøԶˡ뵽ҹδǳᣬʢ
ŴѵʱӻǾҹδԼڣ֮󣬾֪ӦôѡˡԣҲûֹҹδ뷨
λ
һЩ׵㣬Ժỹ
Ҫȥ󿴹
ǵǣҹδҡͷ뿴УΪȥɽ
㻹Ϊһʦ
ǣܾһᣬһҪꡣȥپ١
У
ڽҹδһǧ׵㣬ҹδл֮󣬱ֱ
ڿҹδʧıӰҡҡͷð
ҹδڲڿʼظУǲġԪڷڸƣû֪
֮йĴУ뿪˲󣬳ٴֱڡ
ռڡ
ҹδ뿪ʼۿЩУżΪʵĻģֻλûнӴԣٶȲ죬Ҳ
ĶĻ
º˾ǧ֮⡣
ϹأҹδгȻŲڷȥ
ոշûжãĿһ۽ǵ⿴һƣΪ֪ĿڿԼ
ҲԪˣԪľﵽԲڸ֪ʮ𣬲ƶе˭״̬ǲ⡣
ڲˣҹδǲˡɲʲôˣȻԷмͲ
ҹδ̽һץһпռ䣬һնȥ
䡭
һƶȻ飬֮Ļпռ䣬һŽһ˽⣬ҹδ˹ƺˡ
壡
ҹδһݡ徹ȻǱ֮ˡ

еһֱʮǿ壬óľǱײǿ󣬷Ҳʮǿ
ֻҹδ벻֪ΪʲôһǱڲſڣ
ֻǧڲĴţǧľſûж
ҹδĽȻ飬ȴǹײǸϡҹδ۽ǣǽײڽϣͬײڽʯһ㣬Խûʲô˺ײһƬ𻨡
ʿν˲һν֣ȴһƽ֡
ҹδк򾲣Ϊĵ̣ڵɽžǧ֮⡣ϵ𣬶ʿϲ
ǽҲ֪һ㣬ԭΪںܽ˾ʿضܷɣ뵽ʿǡˣһһ׼ȴû뵽ԼĻ֮£Ȼû˵ҹδ룡ԣҲˡٴҹδײ˹ȥ
ʱҹδҲףԸֽΪԼࡣ֮ͨĲʹǽֻ˲ëΨĽиϣпܻ˶Ը
ǣȻܻͨ˶ԸȴζŲסԷ
ҹδ뽣Уһ̳б޽ͬһ巽תнڣγһ޴ĽУ˺ǸˡҲֻ˺ëǴһƵë
ֲķ
ҹδ뽣һ䣬ۣ񽣺һ
ʱǽһȻһͷײУֻ۾ð׹⣬ҹδ˹ȥֻͬ˴ǹռʹһ˿˿ϸСѷ졣
ײܹײҹδ룿
ҹδȴڴʱһɲǼ俪ʼۣɫĹâȻʼʧһ˿˿ɫĹâһҹδΧŽĲתһȦǿŽ޴ͷ­͵ȥѪȪһ˳ȥ
䡭
޴ʬˤ˵ϣ˺¡֮ҹδֳΣڿУֽ۾
ϸĻ䣬򷽲ŵһ
ӰӲɽŵķȻǿҹδ͵ϵĽʬ塣һвֳŭ⣬徹ȻǱǵɽǰڴڵΪ׵һʿ˱Ŀҹδ룬ڰ֣ʾ˲ҪΪҹδ뻤
ҲʮϢʱ䣬ҹδ۾ֻʮϢʱ䣬ջ޴
ڷͻȻսУкһ
кһ֮ǰкһͬ


1065 սҪ
֮ǰкһһΪԼѾкһ
ˣԼ֮ǰĸͲкһ
֮ǰкһνתʵСϸ˵Ѿˡ
ҹδĵ̷ǳʵĹ̫ͨˣͷһĨɫȻлûȫɻɫֻһĨɫоǿԶԼ֮ǰԺһ

ֻɫͨâҪκһͨҹδȷţԼܹȫ򣬲һĨңȫңܶᳬԼ
Ҳ˵ⲻԶ飬ʵĲͬ
ҹδϸϸ˼ȷ֪һĨҲںϵǳԽһִڡ
ԺˡֻҪһĨ֡
ʲôأ
ͽһԪɣ
ҹδ۾㿴ʿվԼǰŲڵķ̣˼ҹδ۾Ϊ׵ʿֵ
²ңγƺ
ڣҹδ룡
һ£ҹδԼûм䡣ǴӱʼǰŮնɱʱʮֶݣҲСҹδ롣һ۽
ѣǣ
ҹδ̽һץ㽫ս˴ָܵ͵ϮǱ뵽彮ܶ𣿡
ұͷǰⲻҪɽײÿʱҲΪԾʱѾ˲ʿˡ˵Щɽ𣿡
ţ
ƶΪ·
л
ҹδҲС
ҹʦ
ǣҹδҡͷ֮ǰľܺʵ
ҵͷҹδܶ࣬ϾʥزʱУ²еʿҲʶһ¡
վɽ֮ǰ
һƵľɽ
ɽâ֣ɫĹâ˸һ
ɽܼ򵥣ɽŵɽһɽŵԽԽǿֻ͵󣬲ܹϽǿ㲻ĹУĹ̡
е͵¡
ΧкܶʿЩʿʦǶһЩʿĳûʿоƾԼ޷󣬻Ҫܾõʱ䣬ŴɽһٶܹһЩ
Ͼ˵ǻۣЧҪǿܶࡣ
ԣû˹עҹδ룬Ҷڼҵؽš۽ҲȦӵģܹġͱҹδ룬ҪȦӣôյ˼ҸǰȻԼ۾һļ⣬Żᱻ˽ܣû˴㣬ļⲻᱻ˸ߡ
ҹδû˹ע£߽ɽµһ֮С
һɱҹδһȥյ˹ֻɱܽ͵ͣȻҹδϣȴҲֻʹҲˡ
ɽ֪֮󷨵ܣȴҲ˺㡣Ȼ㻹ֹܹͨ󷨡
ҹδֳ˼֮ɫ
Ϊ֪󷨵һ˿˿Ȼúջ˵ĵز
һϵǲ͸ÿһɽʿǵ뿪ڵʱҪþɽʿʱɽڳֻҪڹעԪɡ
ҹδܿ߳ɱΪɽ¿ʼ󡣶󷨣ҹδ˵ûѵġ
ҹδͬڵһÿһ󷨶Ҫռ临Ȼһ飬ԼĻӵĺʵ
֮£ٶҲȷʵڵ¡ǵ뵽һʱ̾͸о˲ͬ
ϾˮƽҪͷܶࡣڽ֮ǰѾɷʦɽʦǡ
һҹδ뻨ѵʱͶˡΪҪĶӳڲڸƵ򴫳С
Ϸʱˡ
һٶȥҹδոʦĵһڣûü֪ܣоһ㱣ȻͷԼͳɽվɽɽ¡ʱһˣʿ˳һûдѹһԺġ
һʿ֣˹ֵλѣɽҪرˡ
˻Ȼɫֳһ˿š
ɽرˣζɽҪײˡ
սҪˣ
˶û˶˼黹׷뿪ҹδû̷ţǳֱʮɳǡ


1066 
߽˵ʮɳǣҹδѾܹоһֽŵ
Ϊÿʿ֪һεĴսҪʼˡ
Ȼɽײֻ߸ڣֱߴ󳬼֮СⲢζֻߴ󳬼ſսͱ޹ء
ȣǵõϵĻᣬߴŲ¢ϣǻἤߡҪеʿһᡣ
ΣɽײɽеҲģؽ彮ǣľܹɱҪɽеʿеֿ
ԣߴŻȡֻ
ڷɽսϣͽʿÿʮֻһΡԣսÿһʿֲÿһսʿ䣬ҲʿûԵ
ҹδǸСԺƽϵķ˽ȥ˴ӷ˳Ƿӹ̣ͮҰûˡֻҹδ뻹ģ໥񣬽뷿֮󣬱㿪ʵ
Źǻûзʿ
ûУӹҡͷȻֹеʵδ룬ڳΣ
ҹδЦˣڳںܺãѾƷϡ
Ʒϣӹд𣺡㡭ͻ컯ˣ
ҹδ뷭һۣôܣ
㲻˵Ʒ𣿡
Ϊһɷ֮ʥ
ɷ֮ʥ˵𾪲ȸղ١
ҹδ㽫ԼЩľϸϸ˵һ飬һһġȻ˵ĿʱҹδҲڵ
ʦ֣ѡһԼţһᾡṩһǼڣҵɽ
Ȼ
ӹѿڶܹڣֱӽҹδɽ壬ҹδ룬⻹ƨš
ǲɵ
أҹδҰͮ
ҲͷȻǼڡǡû𣿲ʾ
ã˵ľ㣡ҹδһ֡
δѾڳڻôǿ
˶һۣ뵽ҹδɷ֮ʥ
£ĸŶš
δ룬ô죿һоŹǵʿôǣ
ҹδ룺ⷿ˰ɣȻȥפ㣬ڴѶϢþŹǷˣֱҳھˡ
̫ˣӹɻһȭͷǾŹԺһŵĵطˡ
ҹδȻȥȻͷӹ̵ͬһ½磬ҹϵҲǳãǸñܵģɻᱣܡǴ˷۷صĳڣڼ仹ȥؽܣҲʹؽҪҪڡؽܻǾܾˡ
ҹδ˵ģӹ˼ڷǳ˳û˿谭Ȼҹδɽ塣
δ壡
δϣ㿴һӰҩ԰æţģǸոտѵҩ԰

ҹδȻһ۾ϳŽӶӵתͷȥֳ˿ĵЦݣСŹ

ôϰ𣿡
ϰߣǳã˷ܵصͷζûԼмڵһ졣
ʲôΪˣ
ϵԲһ˵͸˷ˣ⼸Ҳȥ˼ʥϧʥضرˡ
Ҹܡ
ҹδ뽫ӹǺ͹˽ܣȻִżڳڹ˹䣬ڸԵĶԼѡط
ҹδ壬һƬס
ҹδվڷۣ׿еǳ⼸һʥصļʣȻ䣬ƺʶʲôȴƺһɴڵţ
ڷһ̣⼸ڹȵʥص򣬼վ⡣
ǾͲôһ
ҹδԥȡһƺɵϷ£ֻ˲䣬ƿɴ
ʶڡ
Ԫֳһǹ⣬һϡ
ˡ
һϵ֮Ԫ𶯣һֱƷû̫Ԫһһ󲽣뼫ƷԪ˲١
ҹδ۾Цˣ
˴˿̣վ
հ
ǹ棬ǳʶγɣǵһաҲԢش棬С档
ȻʶΪ棬ԪΪ壬ϣԪγһС档
վĵڶ㡣
ǣҲˣվܲ򡣻˵ûվǲͬģγɵЧҲ϶ǲͬġ
ҹδΪǳߵǳ·ӣγС棬Ԫϡγɵһϵ˲䣬͸оǿ󣬸ǸоԪƷ
һ̣δôĹԼһܹƷԪֻҪԼһϡ
ҵϵ·ӣãԺǰͰĥʱˡ


1067 
ţ
ҹδ뽫ĿҹգһӰֳȴڡ¶һ˿ȵ
δ룬֪쳣񡣡
ҹδЦЦûڷһ̣ҲоԼĸ֪ˡ⻹ֻһϣڴԼʮһʲô״
Ҳɽϯضɽȥ֮С
ײԼʮꡣδ룬ʲô㣿ĻʵȫͻƵ硣
ҹδ˼Ƭ̣ٿɣҵȥ󿴿ˣһǷŹ׵㡣ҸŽ֣ӦŹ׵ɣ
У
٣
룺⹦̫ˣҪÿĶеĴУ
ãҹδҡͷ
ڲһ£Ϊʲô
Ҳɽˣңˡɽ˻ԽԽࡣҪŹ׵㣬ҵáܹȥ󣬻ܹһԴ
ڵͷҲҹδ˵ҹδ׼ˡ
治öǵݵĴа֮ǹ׵ܹģҲܸ̫࣬ⲻð졣ҪҺ͸λһ¡
УҲҹδڰ֣Ҳ̫ں
㽨ǸҪã
ҹδ룺̫ã͵ݲһݻ߱ѹȹܡһɱֻǾ߱һеĹܡԣšʱɡ
ô죿
ţҪȰѲϸ׼á
û⣬Űپʮſ񱮣԰ɣ
ԣ
ʲôʱʼȥ󣬻񱮣
񱮰ɣҲͻ硣
Ϊʲôһ£Ϊ˽ᱻ䵽Σյĵط
ǣҶʱڲͻƣҪҵĹܵ⡣ҵĿɲ磬Ҳƽ硣
⻹ʲô׵ģ
˼ҹδ뱼ľ컯뺻ʵܹҹδиоҹδ벻Ǳ컯ô򵥣Ҫǿ컯

ܣ
ͨݿҹδԣ磬Ҫ
ԣҹδſͻƵ컯ġ

ˣ
ҹδܹͻƵ컯ֻǿһ֣ҹδܹΪǿ컯еһԱǳھ͸Ǽһ
ӪʲôģֻЩ߲Ϊ˴ٽײʿŬһֶΡҹδͻƵ컯ͻ֣ᷢ컯ʿͲںʲôӪ
ˣҹδ£ȥҲǸɽǿϧǣֻǸո̤ɽʦǸΣɽ͹رˡ
ɫһ㣬Ȼϲ˼ǣѾһʦˣ
ţһʦ֡
ڴεܹɽĴ𣿡
ɽ϶УɽĺܡҲԽһֻ֣Ч϶ɽ
̫ˣŪǸݵı֡ȥɽȥѡطȻҰ񱮶ȥ
Уҹδͷ׵㣬ҪɽʿЩδʮڣʵҲӭײ
죬ʱ䡣
У
һ
ɽѾһ֣ࡣҹδϥڵϣڵһ񱮡һӰ˹ǹ
ҹδù֮࣬ռһЩŵϡԼΪһ֮ҪЩ˽⣬һĨڡ
ͻˡ
ҹδһ߼̻񱮣һߵô˵һˣѾоŸͻˣ
ţ
ëöʦأ
Ѿˡ
ҹδͷëʦֵ츳ԻǺܸߵģײ֮ǰӦܹͻ硣ʲôϢ𣿡
ûˣҡͷʿŬƽ˺ܶࡣ
ǰҹδпʵһ֣ϣͶһ֡ڵΪˣ
ץץԴ޸˹ԭԲľһЩںʵ硣
ţǾͼԪľԽʵԪƷԽߣ㻹ϣƷԪġ
лл
ҲҪͨģϾײʱ䲻ԶˣҲȥԼĻԵ
ǣ
ȥɣ
뿪ˣҹδ񱮣ڿ񱮵ĹУʵҲǶһٴ򡣱ϾǸԭݴС
ڿ񱮵ʱַź֮ܶͨܶͬҲĽһ
·ûоͷûмһ㡣


1068 
˵ҹδ׶ΣѾǼƷ
ûʲôɻɵģǵڷ˵£Ĵܹͬܳģҹδ£нһھĿܡ֪ƷδؾǼ¡ãҲΪԼûнھ򵽼֮Ż컯֣ûдﵽƷĳ̶ȡ
ڿ̻񱮵¸Ũʱ̻һ룬ͣϸһòٵ
ˣһȥ
ҹδڲΧվһϡڳϵ󣬱ǧʿ
⻹Ƿʿȫֻһ֡ڷѡһӢһ·֡Ȼǵãҹδ񱮵ЧΡ
ǵǰһ֡
ŰپʮŸ񱮣ӳɵı⡣
ڻ˻֣ǧʿűֱжȥЩʿҲϥڵһʯǰһʯΧ룬ȻԽʶ̽뵽һ֮С
ճһɷʦʱкܼҪȥһ񱮣ЩѡķӶ񱮵ǿļĿЩʿɨš
ĳҲţĸ˵ݵĴУ¾ײֻвʮ꣬Ҳ÷ʿɳһأɷҲʹһءˣڵʿ϶ɷ磬Ƿɽ磬ȻʹࡣڵҲСһЩ
˵ʵÿһͣǧٴη֮ɽĸγһϴơ
еĴűţűСţСű˲šҲвΪСţСΪţΪšǾŴ󳬼ţȻûзΪŵ飬ǾŴ󳬼ŵʵҲᷢ仯
ܵķóŵԼΣھŴŵʵϣǰһ
һʱʱʱ
ǼǧʿûжЩ˵ûʲô⡣Ϊڿű֮ǰۿҹδǧʿѵǻҪԣҪΪԼɷʦͺ˷ĻҲҪΪԼķܺʵûкʵĵط뵱ԼڵݣԼÿһ˲ϵʱ䡣
ɷ֮ʥҹδ붼˵ˣЩʿҺҹδ˵ĻЩ϶ΪЩʿڵһǰҲҪһһ졣
Ȼһ֮Щʿͬʱ۾Ҳ֪ļͬʱȫʵһ񱮵ĻǶһʱ䡣
ⲻҪҹδῼǡЩҲ֪ҹδῼǣ֮󣬱վΣҹδǰŵؿҹδ롣
ҹδ뿪ʼ⣬Щһʱ֮ҹδǳ⣬ճҲǳ⡣ҹδ븴̵ıֻϳɹˡǷȫɹҪԼȥ顣ǣճ̺ǧʿʼ֡
ҹδǰЦеҹʦã˵ѾʦԲ
ԣҹδ۾һʦʲô磿
ҲʦԲ
ҹδоЩʧûһ֮ʥֻǴʦԼһҲܹͻƵʦҲû̫ʧ֣ʶ̸ָԼĺôԼϵͳһɷ֮ɷ֮˼⡣
ѾоݾԲɷյ㣬֮ϻŹĿռҪԼȥ򣬶ͨϵͳظ̵ݣѾһ
ˣҲضˡ
һָоֻҪԼϵͳظһ飬ԼźܴĿͻƵʦܹͬʱʦԲǽϾžԵİͻƵʦ硣ʱ򣬿űֵʢҲ̲ס
ҹʦã˵ҲܹɽУ
ܣҲֻǴУûɽĹܡҲֻǵʦԲ
Ѿ㹻ˣǴ˫֣ʲôʱʼ
ͿʼҹδҲЩȲ
ʱ䣬ɲһ֣ķΪĺʵҿӵһ磬ȥ򡣶ҶǳҲžĺôͬʱٽĻվ
ʱޱȵŵ԰˵Ļﶼɷƹɵġÿ񱮵Ϣʱ䣬ҲǿգԽǹ룬ԽͬﶼзơΪѾ޾ǿпķơ


1069 
ԪڱúصͬʱԪڵѾʮŸԪƷѾڷɿرƽƷԪ
һศɵĹ̡
ֻǵعǿգʱ䣬ԲʮŸϡҲźܴķĹ͡ԣҹδҲڴ
Լ˰ѵû
ź֮ܶͨһָоıԴӦͬģԼڻͨҲͻɽһ̡
ߣߣطѡ𣿡
ҹδ˻ǶҹδӡáЩ϶ҹδҲȫͬʵϣҹδ븴̳֮ǾѾҹδȫͬҹδҲԸ˻ţǵУûҹδǷ
ˣ񱮶׼𣿡ҹδ
׼ˣ
ǻߣ
ҹδ붼ˣȻ

̱֣ҲøŹ׵㡣
ڲɿЦδ밡Ҷһǧڹ׵ˣɽǼˣӶòꡣ
ǲɣһһ룬òˣû¶ʱһʣô๱׵㣬Ҳá
ڳϲΪ֮ʧЦǸϽδ˵Ķԣø˼ҵľ˼ҵġ˵ʵһǧŹ׵㣬ֳδĹסҸ˵δȥŸһ֡Ҫһڣ˼Ŷܸ
ڷһۣˣˣٸһǧڡ
Уתʦ֣ߣ
˷ʧںЦҡҡͷʵҲ֪Ź׵㲻ֳҹδŵĹסǺҹδദķǹ׵㣬ķ
£
ܿҹδ롣
ҹδ˷ɽĺɽǺճ̲ͬҲȥҹδԣҹδһ񱮣Ŀһ˳һ£ʵһԼĻҹδҲÿθһ񱮣ͣǽһȻԼںһٹһǿգȻټһ񱮡
ֻǸ̵ʦԲȱٴʦ֮ʥ硣ԣζû룬ֻһЩʱ䣬֡
Ҳûʿȥ鱮ֵЧΪÿһˣΪ𾪣ֱĸɽĴС
ҹδôģ
֪Ϊҹδռ䣬ռ͸ĸҹδġ
ûҹδߣǽԼһЩóðһϯдҹδһٷҹδ뿪
ҹδԼɽȥ϶ƲסĲЦݡ
ͻˣΪʦȻֻǸոͻƣϵѾȫȻͬȻͷûҵںϵԪѾʮһϣԪƷ뼫ƷԽԽˡ
ɽϣӹ̣ͮҰ͹е˸ǰ˹
ʲôϢ
վϢûУëöʦѾͻˡ
ţ
ҹδͷû˿⡣߾û츳ġ츳ôܷ
ֻѾˣɽ磬ԪƷߵľƷûмƷԪ񡣼ƷԪֻʷϳֹΣʿʧˡȥ̽޾ǿգѰԼĵ·ѾǧûлˡѾˡ
˵ëöƥˣҲƷԪ񿪵ĵģͻƵ硣
ҹδӼᶨԼһҪԼԪƷ֮ѡͻ硣
ؼǣԼܹԪͻƵƷϣ
һʿжͻˣ
ʮ
治٣Ǿ콾

Źֹҹδʲô˵
ʲôʱͻ簡
Ϊʲôôʣ
ǡǶ˵ֻһϵȴռһɽ壬һƷϣʵ

ҹδЦȥʣ֪˵ЩˣضһЩͽʿҲǺϵϵʿ˵ΪЩ϶֪Լžʲô
ǡھ纻ʵΣ
ˣֳЦݣĹ׵㣬ҿȥκһʥأҲȱԴٸ꣬ҾͿԪˡ
Ǿͺã
ҹδοͷȻ˷ӹˣоЩ̾Ϣ˵ʵӹ˵츳Զǳãȹá
밡˶Ǵ½ŹǷģܹ½ˣǸ̳
ǸǾ콾


1070 
ҲΪ½ģΪһʧȥ˼ɽŵĻᣬΪһɢޡɢж಻ҪҪɢĹûи߼ġҲɢ޺ͻƽ磬Ϊͬӹ̣Բˣ޷ͻƽ硣Ϊǳ顣
ӹ˳֮ҹδ͸ǻ˹ҲޣҹδڲѡʺǵĹֲҪޡѡĹĹͬһֻƷҪ̫߳࣬ƷǲɱǣһƷ֮ΪͿʼˡǹƷѹơڣӹ̲޵ڣͮҰҲ޵أҲǸոصģ
ĸϢ࣬ͷҲһˣΪǿϣδɾƽϣ磬ҹδҲûʲô˵ģȻԼڵսܹ磬Ҳһ򣬵ǱϾԼ磬绹źܶδ֪ҪɽȻѾ飬Ҳ˵ɽǱʲôӡǱϾۿֻǴкͱ̸еõһӡӡȥɽǱߵһָ˼ңǲЦ
ǣһҹδͻƵƽ磬վɽϣɽ磬ضҪȱ˽ĸ࣬ΪڵɽǱѾӡ󡣾ͺȥΣԵˣûԵһ
ԣҹδҲֻǹһ·ӹʲôѣ˸ûСϻźܶŹ׵㣬óȥһ˼ЩܳϣҹδϣǼȥ̣Ҳָ㡣ȻҪչ׵ġǼˣҪõҲܰԣδúܿġ
ҹδҲҪѧϰͨϾʮ󣬾ҪսҲͷҹδֺСһ£۵һ죬׷ɢȥ
ҹδϥڶڣһԼļƻ
ڵҪˡΪԪﵽƽԲľ硣ֻҪͻ磬ѾûȥĿܡ컯̫ˣܹġԪ񣬲˵ԪƷֻ˵Ԫľ磬ҲﵽԲԪҲ˲ͻƵƿѾˡԼֻҪͻ磬ԪҲͻƽ硣
ûͻƵĿܣʲôģ
Ϊʲôһֱͻƣ
ҪԪƷƷΪϣֻҪԼһֱϣضܹԪƷһˣǿɾɽĿǰĶһݣԼƷԪͻ磬Ƕδķչսضһ޴ʵ
ˣڻҲʣ˹ǿգԪϡ˲˾ԺϱǿգͬʱںͷǳںϽվӦܹϵٶȵõ
ǰأ
ͨ
ҹδ벩Ⱥ飬Ҳ֪ĺܹ㲩ѧĺӡͨҲܶ࣬ӡҲȷʵϸ룬֮Լͨ뻹ΪԼĻֻͨռһСֵԭͲԾˡͨӦھͷŴʿΪĹߣҹδƾŴ󲿷ֵĻս
ҹδ룬Ѿ˼£ûȥĿܣ£Ǿǽ硣Ҫ磬ͱͻ硣ȻܣҪȵԼԪƷﵽƷ
ǣҹδһվĽǿʼʶС֮ĴӦսʶһС档Ȼְʶһ棬Ԫ񵱳һС棬໥Ӧ֮£Ԫϡ
ôܷ򵱳һС棬Ӧ
ҹδһֻƣ֮Уʱƾ۵򣬶ԭľһ̣оԼһ˿ԺĺӦ
дϲ˲һʱ
Ȼ֮ǰͽһսԼһնһĨɫкһԽﵽһԪļܴˡˣķ
ӦһԪķԺĺӦһԪϹǳվ
δž
ʵϣǼžΪƣÿʿŬԼΪÿһ˿ҲΪһ˿δͻԼ
δۡ
ҹδֳһһ׽˽ٶȷǳҿȥҲûʲô·ǽ֮Ϸ·ǳһۣ·𿴵Ĳǽһ硣


1071 
򶼱ҹδһϣ˽·ǻĶȴһ˿˿ӽǣǳһ˿˿ϵ·һ档
ꡭ
еɽˣزסǣ촷ۡ

ҹδ³һŵɽĩȴϲá
ΪС棬Ӧ棬ǣǳֻһƤëȻƷɽܲסһͷųȥжǿܣ
ҵѧϰˣʯ
ҹδͻȻԼõ˲ٵʯûиһš鲽ųȥ

ڵĶڣҹδֱȡһʯݸڣ
еʯѾԾˣȻҹδеľ϶ڲס
㡭У
˷˵Ļʹ
ҹδû뽫µ˵ǣ̫󣬶ҶҲδܹٳҲμӹǸ츫оûиǧ꣬δؾܹƳɹ죬ҲҪɣ
ôòŻᷢ飬ûбҪ˵οδƳɹԣֻģ˵
Եɺϣ
һۣҲÿ˶ÿ˵ܣڴӲ̽ӵܣʮش
οҹδڳڵҪԺ͵λҲû˸ұҹδ룬С
Դҹδڷֱı֮ɽӷӣҹδĴӵߡʣҹδٴ룬Щʿƽ˵·;˺ܶ·
˵صĻҹδ֣ԱɽʿΪʦ
ⱳվɽ壬˭ǵ
ǵķüӣܵδ壬ίͰ͵غҹδ˵
δ룬뵱ĵԿߵģôھͲأ㶼ܸ´УͲоо
ҹδЦá
Щ˵ʱڲٴ֮ȴҲ˵㻹ʯٸҼţ
Ҫţ
ٸŰɡ
ã
ҹδȡʯڣȻ͸ǣȴںסЩֵ
ʯģ
ţҹδͷ㲻˵ʯԳҪ𣿡
ԣҪ˷ܵʯԱ֤Բǳڡ㵽ΣյʱɽڵٽҴ壬彮ǳڽڴһ壬ѹڣǳھһȫľ
δ룬Ĺ̫ˡ
ǾͶһЩ׵㡣
ǳ鴤һ£аɡˣ㻹û˵ҪʲôľʯʲôҪ˵ֻҪܹæģһ
ãҪȥ塣
ȥ壿
ţѧϰ
۾һҪҹδҲ츳Ūһʲôı֣ſɾͷˡֵ
ȥȥʱҲŪ֡
ҹδ뿪ˣ²ȡѶͨ
ף˵¶ҹδȥĶ
δ룬ʲô
˵Ҫȥѧ
ҪѧȻ˰˶ȣҲ˵ˣȥӭӭδ롣
ȻͶϵڿ˿еĴѶƲƲ죬Ц
ҹδո壬վɽ£δ룬ѧ̫ˡʲô׵ģԽ㡣
лʦ֡ҹδҲˣиܹʱ̣Ȼٺòˣʦ֣ʲô磿
ʦ۷ľ磬ϧһֱԵͻƵʦ
бȴʦĴ𣿡
ǵУһ٣ϾҲǾŴ󳬼֮һȻΪŴӽ֮ͿʼһֱռЩУһЩС
̫ˣҹδ˷֮ܵʥĴ𣿡
У
ȥĲ󡣡
ãҴȥ
лʦ֣
лߣ
ҹδֱƷһȻ㿪ʼȥʦһѡһУȻŻҹδ뻹ѡԱߵѾһѡҹδߵĶԪǸӸĶ
ʱҹδѾʶӿ̽ÿ֮УƷźĴУҹδ벻ܶǵÿʲôʲôʱ
ֻҪѡɵĴУЩɴķ֧Уҹδû׼ȥûбҪˣҹδҲѡٶȻԪ˴ߣϣһʼ


1072 ʦ
һֱţȻҹδĶ棬׼ʱҹδ̣ҲܹʱشҹδûʵʱĶԼеǸ
ҹδ밲ȻڵʿȴԽԽƣΪиϢ崫
ҹδˣѧϰھ
һʿҹδ룬ɫϴżĳ졣иǴΡĽˣ˼ڶ˴бˡҹδ뿪ʼѧϰܲ
ʶһʿĶը죬һʿ㶼ˡ
һҹδ붼֪Ҳ֪Ѿ֮С
ͬʱڳ⣬ɽ磬ʱҹδĴ˵ҲռѾû˽ҹδˣһ˵ҹδ룬ضƺҹʥ
ɷ֮ʥ
ɽҲֻɷ֮ʥһˣֻǺϵԲҲվɽĶˡ
ǵڵ⣬ۿЩʿģڹرʥ֮ͿʼȻ˴ҹδڿѵ˵ۿҹδɽΪʦ
ЩϢڵʿǺŵĽУҲͬɷ֮ʥرǵҹδһķߣǳڱʿǰп
డ뵱Һҹʦͬһߣԭͻ磬Լҹʦһͷȴû뵽ҹδ뾹ȻΪɷ֮ʥ
ͻΣ
˵ɽ磬ǳڣʿҲ١ɷ֮ʥɽֻ
ˣ
öʿдţʲô԰ڸƨ
ô˵ҹδǴɽ硣ЩŵʿҲֻܹذ
ɷ֮ʥʲô˲
ʿҪӲɷЩ֮ҪԼΪ磬ʿġ
һһȥҹδоԼѾٶ򴫳УƷӦܹ졣ʵ
ʦ֣Ұɣ
УʦҪ
ţԡ
ߣҴȥҪʲôҪʲôϣ
һУ
Ա߿𣿡
֮ãʦԱָ㡣
ߣߣ
ѡһõңкܼ
ҹʦŰ
Ծˣֲܹڿõǿһʱ䣬ܹƷˡѾþˡ
Ȼ󡭡
ҹδʧˣ
һԵˣҹδʧܣҲʧܵԭΪʧܵԭ𾪡
ۿҹδ뿪ʼѧϰҹδ벻ʱض⣬ܹҹδѧϰ֮ǰһȻҹδڷƷǳͨӷǳʵ
ǣʲôã
Ƿ
ҹδԼߣҲҪʮʱ䣬ܹƳƷѾʮָ߿ҹδˡҹδܹʮ֮ƳƷѾڳʷϣ츳ʦûʮƳƷˡ
ɽûУ
У
ھлмǳ츳ˣ츳ˣҲֻڵھܹ꣬ƳƷ
ڿҹδ룬ȻʧˡֻҪԼָһоҹδܹܿƳƷ
Ȼָ֮ҹδڵʱ򣬱ƳһƷɽǣҹδ벻⣬мƣƵɽʱѾﵽƷɽļ¡Ҳ˵ҹδѾһʦ
ˣ
ҹδ뿪ʼѧϰڣҲһʱ䣬ͳΪһʦ
ǳҪһʦ
ûиʦǱ룬֮ʥͷûСǼˣҲ㹻˷ܵˡ
δ룬׼ѧϰƷ𣿡
ţȻ
ҹδҲǳ˷ܣҲҪϽƳһܹʺԼϾûкֵɽʮ󣬽һ鷳Լȫʵ
ܹսسĲʺսռʺʵٶȡ
ҹδӦ˷ˡ
ߣھߣ
ҹδֻص˲ҹδѡ˽İٸ򴫳Уֿʼ￴ЦеؿŶҹδ룬룬뿪˲󣬲ƬʱֻˡҹδĶ棬ҹδ⣬ǣҹδ˲һʱ䣬ƳƷһΪһʦ飬ʹ˳ڡ
ĵճ̸ںЦǺǵġ
ҹδɷ֮ʥǷֱɷ֮ʥıִˡҹδֻһʦʲôɽģ


1073 ʦ
ҲЦҲбִУֱʦԲȻȷˣҲǿɣ
ʲôɽģ
Ȼ󡭡
ˣֳ츳
ôڽ֮ģ
ԭлЩˬΪЦеǸģȻ󿴵˵ģˬˡÿ춼Ȳصҹδ⡣
һգҹδһ⣬˵ĵδ룬ԤϵĻʮڣܿܳΪһʦƳƷ
ʮ꣬Ϊʮꣿ
ģݹɽʷҪΪʦҪʱ䣬ӦΪʦʮ
Ҳ˵һʿʮʱΪʦҪҵʱ䣬ܹΪʦ
ɫѧԽԽѡΪʦһʱ䣬ҪΪʦӿԼҪʮ굽ʮʱ䡣ԣ㲻Ҫ꣬Ҫ
Ŷҹδͷֿʼ򴫳С
ҹδûиɫصͷȻƲסЦ
ȻʦεĴҪ࣬ҹδһʱ䣬оԼƿûȥΪ֪ԼڲƳɹضʧܣȴ򲻵ԼΪʲôʧܡ˵ûаεĴڻͨҲҲÿĽ𣬵ǾԼһЩʲô
ȥһɽɣʵ򡣡
ã
ٴңҹδ뿪ʼȻʧܵġʧԭ׼ģҹδʱʮ꣬ڲŹȥһꡣǣ㿪ʼٴθҹδ뽲⣬гֵʧ
ҹδˣ΢΢ҡͷ֪Լʧ󣬶ǲ⣬ûһЩطɱʿֻͨϵѰԼĵ
Ҫܾõʱ䡣
ǣҹδ벻ϡԣʧ뿪ˡ
ĻߣЩˡ
ΪҹδʧȥȤˡôõ츳ô;ܲסһۣ
ͲǴۺðɣ
۲ҹδ룬ҹδʮʱ䣬ܹƳƷҪǻɱʿͼûûҹˡ
ҹδȴˣ
ףⲻаôδأȰóϰߴճ̵ʶȻ͵ֻʶ

λǺǺǡ
ҹδȻǲ֮ԻصԼĶΪ̷ϣϻƺϺƺϡ
ϥڶ֮ڣȡһƺϷ£˲Ͱٱҹδԭǿڿɣϣһٱ֮ǰǽİٱ˲εȻʼںϡ
ٱʵֲ̫ˡ
ʮ졣
ֻʮʱ䣬ҹδȫںʦεУΪһʦ
ϻŶʮЧʱ䣬ҹδ˶֮⣬ʼǣǽ
ǣǽҹδԼΪС棬ӦشͨΪܹǣȡΪǣǽ
ָ罣ǣ
ҹվ
ʮʱת˲ţʮ죬ǣǽŵǰȴṳ̂ȥȻЩźȴҲΪ⡣
Ӧأôģ
ʮ죬ҲžϲվԽԽԪڵѾʮԪøǿżƷԪȱƽ
ȥˣ
ҹδٴ壬ҵ˵ԼҪȻ֪ҹδ벻ƳƷֻҪӻͷ㹻ˡ˷ܵشҹδң;лȰ˵ҹδһҪ֣һ˺ܶôֻҪܹóģҹδ뾡á
ҹδҲֻЦЦԼҲûʲôҪģ˲˿ڵĴС
Ȼ󡭡
ʹˣ
ҹδ뾹ȻƳһɽƷɽһǶġ
ɽʦˣ
ʦ֣ʦ֡

ˣһץǱƷؿȷһƷɽЦЦҹδ
ƵģֲƵģ㼤ʲô
ߡҹδ룺ȥѧϰ
ҹδҡͷܾ
ЩҪȥһʱ䡣ʱ鷳ʦˡ
Щʧǲĵʵǹģ
ǣҹδҡͷͨģʦҲ֪ʮҪײܵһЩͨ


1074 
Ҳǣ츳ҪķˡͬһСϱ
ҹδҲЦӦĴӦŸԼһʺԼɽءԭżѧϰġһƺоԼǣǽֻһţԱҪһ
صԼɽ壬Ʒɽ΢΢˫ۣǣǽļʣڻڿлҹδ⣬һƷɽʱѾˡƷɽȴȵسǣǽ
һߵȻźǽؽҹδƳƷɽΪɽʦϢ˳ȥ
ڵʿ⾪ȣһʦʲôȵģҹδΪʦٶ̫˾ˡӲƵʦǲʱ⣬Ѿˡҹδɷ֮ʥʦɵʦݣжһֻ㱡
ôˣ
˵ҹδѾ컯ʿΪѾ޿ɽеģȻø꣬ĸһľ磬ҲôԾ
ҹδֻһϵԲôʱ;
뵽˼ҳΪʦҲ˲ʱ䡣Ϊɷ֮ʥҲֻڵ˰ٶʱ䣬˼ҸҪķʱ䡣츳Ҳ̫ˡ
Щ˺ƽҲֻЦЦҲȻЦһᡣ
һ꣬ꡭ
飡
Լʱ䣬ĳһ̣ҹδƷɽͱˡҲһ̣ǣǽŵľ硣
һصƬҹδҡҡͷ
ҪȥѧϰˣҲ֪ԼǣǽţҪٴСɣ֪Ҫʱ䣬һԵ⡣ԵˣҲһ֣ˡԵȫ̿ޣǾͲ˵ˡ꣬ǧ꣬Ҳ⡣
ҹδҲˡȻǣǽĿǰֻСɣȴҹδͨġкһһĨâʵϲͨڹЩ꣬ҹδʱһԪһߣΪоԼͷԪڵϴﵽ˰ʮšȻԪûдﵽƷȴܹظоǿ
ȥ塣
ҹδٴ壬ֱ󣬸ոİһʮʹҴˡ
ҹδǲɳ鴤һ¡
˵һô
һʦʱʣҹδҲֵˡһҹδ룬ֿϵһ򣬵ʱϾЦ˻
δ룬ͨɹˣ
ԶأֻǸոš
ԣһͨôãšͨضǶͨ˵˵ʲôͨҰһģ㽲
лʦ֣ͨԼġ
ˣ˼ҹδġȻ𾴡ͨСֻҪǶģ򵥡οҹδԣͨСͨ
ضǴͨ
һˡ
ܸҿ𣿡
ҹδ۾һԷһ컯ʿԼһͨܣȻ֮á
ллʦ֣Ҳһͨܡ
Уһ¡ߣȥԽȡ
뿪˲һɽȡɽڿɷԵ컯Ĺͨĵط
վҹδĶ棬֣δ룬óȫҪ˵ҡ
ãҹδͷ޽һŶ˹ȥ
һĳ֮ϣӦ档ҡΣ;ԼԵĲһֻƣ·һ硣
оֻһ
һֲܹ˹
̧һֻӮȥûд󣬶ǽ۳ƣԷص̬⽫ҹδˡ
䡭
ֻڰײҹδƺıˡĽ֮Ҳ΢΢һ¡
ֻ΢΢һ£ȴ𾪣ǵһμһϵȻܹ컯Ľ΢΢𵴡ƾһƣҶ϶ǳЩ羳ľ콾ڣҲӲһơ
ҹδͻƵ磬硣Խʽһƣɨ
̫ͨˣ⻹ֻţСأ
Լһ£ûʲôӦҹδЩ
ʦ֣̫ͨУ
⻰ʵһ㣬Ӧ˹δ룬ҿ컯ڣ㻹ҴѪɣ
ǣҹδæֻ֣ҿûжҡֺ


1075 
ؿҹδ룺ѾˣܹͨΪڵһͨˡȻֻţڵһͨĵ·ҪߡһܹͨԲ磬Ϊһͨضǳڣɽһͨ
ҹδϲ̣Ϊ֪⻹ԼĿǰǿܣΪԼĿ֣ȻҲܹͷǣǽվɽԼһƷɽǲܹͷǣǽƷɽܹһܱɵĳɣӦû⣬ֺǺǵֵ
лʦָ㣡
ʲôָ㣡ߣⶼѧϰˣϽء
ҹδЦЦص˲Ȼֽ뵽Ķ֮СҲǲһµʱ䣬Щ򴫳лûж꣬˵ҹδֻҪ黹Щ˳壬ڡ
ʲô¶
㻹ǵùɣ
ҹδһ㣺Ĺŵӣ
ԣ
ôˣ
ҹδڹӡǲģȻֻǽӴΣһǿ͹һڶ˺ܵ͵ûţƺġ
̾ϢһǰЩӳȥŶˣںϵԲˣһҲﵽԲ磬ųԪ񣬼̶ġչ˰꣬Ҫ졣Ҳ֪ģʦţпˡܴڵĶѾˣʣµҪԼչذûЧųȥѰһԵ
ҹδһˣ
ǳ˰ɡ̾Ϣһ;ڵʱȥݷѡҲɺϣݷڼ䣬ڹϽķΧڣһɽһؾڵѾͽȥˣڻûгڵʿҲȥ˵źܶ󷨺ͷ֪ͨҡǳڣҲֻ㾫ͨͷԣȥæ
ҹδţײҲͻʮͷʱʱԼ˵ҲܱԼкܶҪʱĲ˷ʱ䡣
ҹδбЩԣھûбҹδʺϵġҹⱲյ츳ԵĵӣĲܸᡣ
δ룬ҿѧϰ׼Լһɣ
ţҹδͷ
δ룬ʲôҪĲϣضҲҪܶĸϡҲδҪȫϡҪĲи嵥Ҹ׼
˵ˣҹδ뻹ǲܾܾˣͷУҾȥһˡ
ҪʲôϣģźҶûУҵĹϵҴӱҲŪ
ҹδ룬Ȼûʲô뷨ϾֻһʦһƷɽˮƽҲͲ֪Ҫʲôϡ
ȷŰɣˣ
ã
ҹδҲɴࣺھߡ
δ룬л
ҹδڰ֣뿪ڵĶ룬ȥù׵һƷɽƷɽ뿪ţڷȥ
ûгȥ̫죬ᱻԼӵʲôԣɽķڷȥڷǣǽʺϣһԪϾվ
һº
ҹδڣվɽǰ룬ɽǰڵӵƽϣҹδá
տʼŵĵҹδݷóƽһֱҪŭԷǳҹδ룬ɫĽһʡոոֵŭݣһӱЦɽ磬˭֪ҹδģ
ɽɷ֮ʥ
ԭҹʥҹʥԵȣ֪ͨ³ϡ
ߺܿʹѶȥӵʱ䣬ƽԶɶлδ£Ц
ҹʦڰˡ
ƽҹδŹֵʦ֡
ߣҹʦãȥҵĶǳƽӵˡ
ҹδҲûоܾȥɽҲһ̡̰ΣգҲˡʿܶԵҪƴġǣҹδ͸ųƽĶƽ裬ҲûΪҹδ룬ҹδһ֮
ҹʦãΪɽİɣ
ԣҹδͷʦȥˣ
ûУƽҡͷЩȥ㹻ˣʲôȥæ
ҹδ˲ףɷ֮ʥĵλʲôϵ⣬ȥֻ˽˵ʱ򣬲Żֵƽɷ֮ʥ֡


1076 ɽ
ҹδ벻УĴڵйģֱӵ
ʦ֣ȥ
Ϊ˹𣿡ƽЦе
ǣҹδҲûҺ͹Ĺϵ£ЩС
ƽۣԭΪҹδģҪҹδ̸̸ɷ֮ʥҲܹʹǵģҹδ˵͹ѣ˽ˣû˵ˡͷ
Уȥ
˳˶ƶС
ҹʦãǿԼõģҪһۣоһ·һӾûӰˡƽЩֵ
ҹδ뱧Ǹʦ֣ʮ꣬ҪײˣⲻҪһЩʵ
ʲôʵƽ
ȥ簡ûʵôϣҹδҲ졣
ǣûк˵ƽ졣
˵ʲôҹδҲ졣
ûбҪȥ簡
ȥ磬ôɵϣҹδ뿴˳ƽһۣԷڲһԲҲûп
ʦ֣Ϊǲǵ˵
ǰƽͷûж츳ģҵ츳ڷϡڣǾԴҲҸѵƽ硣Ҫͻ컯ҾͲˡ컯Ǹ磬ԴŬܹﵽġܹƽ磬Ҳˡ
ǣ˵ϵ顣˭
ɷ֮ûбҪȥϵġֻҪһЩȻǺϣҲ١
ɷ֮ʥˣǵŶʧ
ԣŲȥġ

ƽЦûк˵ҲǣⶼǹءӦΪ֪㲻ţȥòȥ
ҹδŸǵģ϶ûбԼȥĶɣ
Ͳ˵ˡϲҵģҵ֮ҲģؼʮΣգ㣬ֻһϵĿԺܴ
δ룬ҵģҪȥʲô磬ȫشŻʱʱʱھһ۵
ȥǸΣգ
ҹδü˼Ƭ̵һҪһЩϣҲԼȥܹöһЩ
ƽ´һҹδ룺컯
Ȼ밡ʿ컯ģ
˵Ҳǣƽ̾ϢһҲ룬ֻ֪ûǸ츳ҲǣǷߣǷߵ츳ûвģӦͻ컯Ļᡣ
οɷ֮ʥűضȫԴ㡣㻹кܴĿͻ컯
ƽгĽҲΪˣŲȥðաŻϣŲġ
ҹδ룬ʱԼһҪȥ翴̫ΣգԼͻŹţԼܹӦԼȥܾãԼҲơ
ҹδ벻˵ƽҲΪ⣬֪Ϊҹδ̫ᡣ
Լ뷨಻ȡ׵ķðղǵıԡԣҲȰ
ǲȥġ
ںòȡʷԵͻƣһɷ֮ʥôҹδȥðգ
ǸͲôɣ
ͷֲʵʵشţ
ҹδ벻֪룬ɽ
ɽڵĹϽΧ֮ڣڰ˰˵ٶȣܿͽɽɽ¡
ɽһߵɽҹδ뿴һܰɽشһƽԭϡԼҲֻҸߡһ߶ȵĹɽ˵ʵɽط͸߲ƵɽоһСɽ
ҹδ벻ɺʵʦ֣Ϊʲôɽ
Ϊɽߣûһһߡ
ô棿ҹδ벻ɴȤؾںδ
ƽһʿ֣ʱɽѾʿЩʿͿˣֻǳƽλܸߣû˸ϹֻԶԶʩȺ򡣴ʱƽ֣һʿæ˷ܹܵʩ
ݼ³ϣ
ƽؾںδ
ɽһߡҴȥ
ƽͷǸʿ˷ܵǰ·Щʿһ϶¶Ľ֮ɫ
ܿ죬˾תһߣǱҲʿأƽ׷ʩ
ݼ³ϡ
ƽͷȻȡһŷֵݸǸ·ʿǸʿϲ˫ֽӹ
л³ϣ
ҹδ˼ֲ÷ſЩʿֳĽ֮ɫԭֻҪΪƽ񣬾ͻһŷȻܲǿҲøС۵ʿϲˡҲһִѧʣҲǳƽŵλܸߵԭԼӦѧϰصţӦõʱ䣬һЩУҲҪһЩǿķײǰšԼʲôҲԼɷ֮ʥк壿


1077 ŹֵĿռ
ֻԼʱʱһԺŻԼδĵλþŹʿøõԴ
һţһ߸ųƽؾڵǰ档ʱؾѾȥ˻¶һɵĹȦȴȦ档ƽһʿ֣
˵һ֪ġ
Ǹʿس³ϣûʲô֡ѾȥʿһǺϵʿڶʿƽʿûһ˳
ƽһüͷѵûиǣȽȥһۣһʱڳ
У˵һʱһΡһƽʿȥҪһˡ
һ£ƽҹδ붼üͷ
¶
˭ܽȥǽȥ˾ͳ˵Σղڣڵ氡
ҹδԼʿģȻ۳ƽ˼ҳƽ˵ˣŲȥΣյĵطԼ˶棬ҳΣգںͳڷǵ÷ͳͻɡԣҹδϵ˵
ʦ֣оҽȥо
ƽ룬ͷСģ
ţף
ҹδͷ֮󣬲ԥ߽˹Ļ͸оƺǴһˮĻȻһƽԲıΪо·ѹһɽе֧Ųסĸо
ô
ЩϵǱѹˣ
ҹδĿһɨȻͿһصˣÿ˻Ѫܵġһ̲һЩ˵Ĺͷѹˡ
ϴԼʮʿЩ˶ӦǺϵм硣ĿѰȻߵһ˵ǰϳѪ˾ǹ
У
û
˿ǹصġһ˵ϣѾ˹ȥƵǿƣҲ˸ûиʮǲȫָˡ
ҹδ룬ռһϵ˶սСȻٻص˹ĻǰһƣԼöжǿʱȥһڣҪٴȥҪȽĻо͸
ǲоҹδ뿴һɷɵĹĻҹδ뻹ʱǽ뵽ڵĵһ㣬ʮȥʿÿ˿һ˵ٴγ˷ȻٴȥڶؾҲܺ棬ôʲôĻԵ
ԽߣԽǿһ·ϣҹδһЩʿЩʿʿеѾеĻܹѡҹδҲǳһ˵Ȼսڡ
˴Լգһһٶ׸ߵĴͨڣϽžſȭͷڵĹʵ
ҹδ벻ʶһڼŴϻ߸ʿ߸ʿţڵƽʿϻڲϵѪһҲԽԽ
ҹδûи˵Щɢζ֪Ѿ˵ҲֹһšŲϵѹǵ˵޸ЧѹƻȻţҹδҲûţǵͬ⣬Žսڡ
ҹδЩռˮƽﵽƽʿļޡƽ۷嶼УҲֻƽԲܹǿֵԴǿô
ֻһʿӦһʿͷһƽԲǿٶȣܵͬСɣӦԽԽǿҹδ뿴ǸѾ֮ˣԼ׷ˡ
ϥ£Ǹʿ쳣ѵֱͬصţһ㣬ҹδ°ͿһȻԼһɷ֮ʥҲûа취
ҹδȡ˷ֽͷʣʼ
ȻһƷʵɷҲҪ˭ȥɷ֮ʥȻǸƷȴǸƷеļƷŻΪЧҹδ˼ţȻֻ˼Ʈ˷ֽͷʣͷһϣоһ£ȻͷһƮŷĵЧҲûҹδƮܷ
ҹδǰ˼ֳ֮ɫӽ뵽ѹϵ˺ܶࡣӽ뵽ɲȻڵҲɲȴţһ㣬ܹһǣҲһ㣬ǾƮĵٶȿࡣҹδɷ֮ʥˮƽһʹһʱʱ䣬һ£ԼҲܹһӵʱ䡣


1078 һ
̧ͷһǿôĸ߶ȣٿһԼľ룬оԼ۵Щˣ˴ǿ˹ȥԼӵʱ䣬£ȻʼŴ
̧ͷһ۴ʱѾ˴ɵĶˣϣžſźɫĹʵſŹʵһ𣬶ھŸ֦ͬϣֻܹ˳һ֦ȥժһȻȥһ֦辣ժڶȴǲõЦݡҲֻԼһܹժ¡
ֲ̧һѺѡһ֦ȥ·ҹδɿֹȥӺҹδԼͷһƮ̧ͷһۣԼһľ롣Ҳûпҹδ룬ΪǶȵĹϵΪȫû뵽û濴ʱѾժһŹʵ
˻ŵڶȥʮ֮ҹδȻ˳һ˹ȥʱȻ˶תͷȥֳȳԾ֮ɫΪȳԾϵļⶼŤˡ
ҹδ룡
Ȼʶҹδ룬ҹδڵϵʱҲۿôҲû뵽ҹδֻȻڵĹŵҹδӦȹġ
ǡ
ٶΪʲôô죿
ˣ
ͻȻˣҹδҹʥɷ֮ʥɢɹâǲƮ
ϲֳЦƮǺܱ˵ķǸЩողĵʹõģ˵ˣΪ͵ĺϵʿҲַΪòϡǽȴˡҹδǸٶȣԼ໹ܹõŹʵŶҹδˡ
ҪҪŪҹδ룿
˲ʹͷҹδܹ֤ҹδıԴﵽƽԲռУΪԭ򣬱ͨҲͷŲƾľǱ壬ԼͶԷͲռơĴ˼һƮ˿ֻܹԼԣҪŪҹδ룬Ҳ뿪ռ䡣뿪ռ֮ڸŪҹδ
ǿɷ֮ʥ
컯Ȼ󣬵ҲδعŪһɷ֮ʥͳڷͻرʱ򣬻ʮҪս
ˣ
ҾͲôˣŴɡ
ֿʼˡҹδٶȺܿ죬ҲƵһſ컯õţҹδõš˴ռһȦҲûзֱĻԵ㲢ʱķȥȻɫͱˣ
ҹʥЩأѵǳȥˣ
ûУǶս˷ڡ
з
Եɺϡ
ֳĽ֮ɫͬʱҲһ˵Щ˶šЩ˿ڼʮϵʮ컯ʮƽ磬Щ˵һصĴͲ˵ˡֻ˵ƽ磬Ҳֻһٳͷһʮĳܲסһ£жҹδ˸м
˹Ļǰεؿҹδҹʥܳȥ𣿡
ȥӦû⣬оʱ᳤һЩ
ʱ䲻⣬ҾͲˣȫҹʥ
ҹδվڹĻǰʼоʱ֪ĳƽûɶˣĻ漸оʲô󲿷ֵİֻܹһо˾ʼо
һպĻϵİľ緶Χ仰˵ڵݷеķΧǳķΧСǲֻҪʱ²ܹġ
ҹδ벻ͬ
Ϊռ䡣
һյʱ䣬ռѾ˶Ļĸƣҹδ뵽ռڣʼÿĵֻʣʶ֮ʱҹδͻ˳ռ䣬Ϣָ
ʱڹĻ֮⣬ƽҲоĻ˸һĻȫע
Ҵһȥ
ƽŸӵ˷ܣҲǡ
˷ܵǣĻϵķҪڵľ硣һֱΪϵķǷյ㣬ȴһֱûȡͻƣûֳɵķо
ǽˣֳɵķǰĻԵֻҪĻϵķо͸ˣķͻһͻơ
ǵǣҲˣֻһķҪоһ棬Լͱȥʲô֪ǿȷǳΣգѾȥ˼ʮˣлʮƽ磬ͳˡԼôȥһأ


1079 
ȽоףȻپǷȥоҲǼʮܹġ
в̾ϢһŵЩʿ档
ţ
Ҳδأ
ҹδȥˣҲҹδܹһķ
ֻǡҲҪʮʱ䡣
ԸҹδܹоҲɡ
ƽг֮ܺСǣոտʼ˲ӣĻһ󲨶һӰ˳
ҹѣ
ƽоԼۻˣִ̧˴۾һȷʵҹδ뺬Цվǰ
ôܰ
һòã
ôķҹδһʱˣ
Ժ˵ҹδڵϵı֣һ־ÿˡ̽ʵ
ҹѣôģ
ķоףܹˡ
оˣ
ҹδЦûоôģ
ҹʦã
һӰ£ڵáŽٸʿؾлʮƽ磬˵һ顣һ࣬ó϶˼ơյҹδϢ֮󣬱ٶȸ

ҹʦãʲô
һô֪ʲôӦþôԭĿռʮǿ󡣺ϵʿȥһӾͰѹܻ࣬ŶˡҲסû˾ȵĻҲƽҪһЩҲסܹסֻƽԲ
㣿
ҵıƽԲ
õһӾֳ˱֮ɫ˵ŵЩʿˣ
ǵûУֻ˼ϵ󲿷ֺϵš
㲻˵
һǶս˷СһѾָˡ
ģɫϲ
ҹδһüһкڿлΪһ˵ϡȻٶٳ֮ǰսȥ˳
ʦܣ
ҲǴϲæʩ
ҹδʱֽڵЩʿӷ˳лʬ壬ǺϵΪѾ㹻ÿϲˡʶɨŵʿûҲû˵仰˵ָֻʱ⡣
ǣ֣صҹδʩ񣺡лҹʦã
ҹδ֦ͬͬӦõġ
⻰øжǰסҹδ֣δ룬ȥҶǺú̻ա
ɣҹδҡͷƺأҲŻȥԺʱ䣬ݷû
ÿһصʿʵʱҲûпʱ䣬ҪʱЩơͷ
㣡
л
÷Ըƽ֯˽Щ˵ʿ˻ţȻһҹδ롣ʱ䣬컯˵˻һջǷԼ˵һ˿ͷ
ҹδߣҹδжûǸղǿԺ򼸿컯
㣬𣿡
ᣡҡͷ
ֺαʣ̾Ϣ
ҹδ뿪ɽãͽ뵽ڣವһʧˡ
Ȼ֪ǺɫĹʵʲôɫ֪ʮ󡣼ûֻҪܵǸռڵѾ֪ɫĹʵ򵥡ȻžŷŻòʲôȫ֮ߣǲԷᡣԣ뿪ˡ
ٶȼ죬ʮʱ䣬Ѿص˾ŲǧҹδڳΪ˸ܣھͻȥһɽȣסȥ׼ס£ٷš
ʶһ۷ڵĹȫȷˡѾͰظ˵ҩָֻʱ⣬Ҫʮʱ䡣
ʱסɽȣÿһƷɽǣǽǹǿգվ
һ¹ȥҹδųڷȥ
ֱڵĶ
ʱѾˣȥһ꣬ڱȻöÿ¶ͻϵ֪ҹδ뻹ûгĳ˹ȵףʱں޵ú޲øԼ⡣
Ҫҹδɽڵʧ̫ˡ
ǰյ˻õϢҹδˣҲѹ˻ԣҹδʱľѾƽֻǱʶлЩ£´ҹδ
δ룬û°ɣ
û£ҹδЦҷЩ
ģھϲ
ģɡ


1080 ʦ
ҹδһ˷Ȼ󽫹ӷƳԪš

ҹδŹ뵽һ䣬һŴϡڲ鿴һһ
û˵Ҫʮʱָܹδ룬лˡ
ҹδڰ֣Ҳɽؾõ˺ôÿưɣδˡ
δ룬ڻסҹδδ룬ȥڣʮֵĺڣɽ䣬ŵʧ̫ˡԣһ¡
˵
ɽײţҪȥˡ
⡭ڼᶨ񣬹Լ˵ʲôҲûáҹδԵͷʱԼ͵͵ȥˡ
ҹδͷڴϲͷһʯͷأУʱ䣬һЩɡ
ҪʲôƷģ
ǿġ
УҳʱһЩࡣ
ˡ
ҹδҡͷҲӦ񡣡
ҹδ뿪ڵĶûжʮͷҪײˣʱܽҲûȥǿķ򵥣һŷҲҪķѼʱ䣬ԭҲû׼һʮžˡ
ż
ڼԼһֵıԣֱ壬·˲󣬸ո£ֿˣЦеҹδ档ҹδ뵱ȻˣҪѧĿʦѺ£һʦԼʱʣʱĶȥ
ڲʱȽϳҹδ˰꣬ڼ䲻ϵ⡣оԼﵽƿƿϵƿҪٽһǾҪʵԣңʼ£ûһɹġȴǻǳҹδ֪ԼֵƿƿҪʱȥġ
ҹδ벻밾ǾҪɵϡԼĶˣΪҪʱԼ㲻ؽˣ˵ԼҪһ˾ĥҲգһƷĲϣֺǺǵˡ
ҹδΣʵҹδֵ̫ˣҹδҲʮڣʸΪһʦҪ֪Ҳһʦҹδԣ˵

϶ܹΪһʦֻʱ⡣
뿪֮ҹδرҵĴţ˨ŷһƺϣһӾ˰ٱ
֮ǰµҹδļʣһ֮⡣
պֿʼ˱һѭУÿ֮󣬱ܣȻܡ
˹ȥ£ϵĺһգƳһԼΪƷŶһƷҪ߳һ
ҹδȥˣЩˣһֱҪȥһʱ䡣뿪֮ǰҪкò⡣Ķһɤӣͷسˣ
δ룬ô
εɫҹδӴָнԼƵǱƷȡݸ۾һץǱɽϸĹ۲죬Ȼ죺
ããδ룬һţԭţҲҪܹΪʦȴû뵽㲻һʱ䣬ƳƷұƵĻá
˵ֳȻ֮ɫԺҪԼˣҲֻһʦ
Ȼһ񣺡ߣȥ󡣡
ҹδЦҡͷЩˣ׼Ϣһʱ䡣
ϱЩźҲ֪ҹδԼȰ˵ˡģҹδЦ
ɽ͸ˡ
ãǰСӺúÿŽ
ҹδڰ뿪ˡصԼĶҲûоӹǣԼȻʮķΪ˽һµʱ䣬ȡһƷɽ˶֮⣬ʼǣǽ
һպ
ҹδ̾ϢһٶҪǣǽСɣ֪¡Сʮ궼ٵġϾʣƺˡЩ᲻áһ뵽ʮҪײˣһģȡһƺϷ¡ϿɱȺϵЧ̫߳ࡣ˵ʿ԰ٱٱ
ҹδһγֽ
һ죬죬죬ҴʮȥҹδѾȫǣǽ֮УлԽԽȴԽԽ־塣Ȼ䣬δĿдһɤš
ҹδڣ
һƽ۷ʿǳˣΪһƽʿ϶ӣɼж


1081 С
ʵڳŲʿ츳ƺѾ˾ͷƽеС磬СƿƽԲͻƵڶˡԭҲˣҲ͵ˡⲻҪײ
˾͸һᣬһ׽ϵĻᡣһõĺ϶һЩ˵ͻƵƽڡֻСͻƣϵľ磬ÿһСͻƶԪβӣ
ҪõĺϣǵðաϵĹУƽʿҲǾͰȫÿײƽʿ٣컯ʿġֻõϣǰû̫õİ취ڲһɷ֮ʥ
ܹҹδõʮ˸ĶɷǶʮ
˱ܹõĺϡ
˭룬ַ˭Ҫǲ˭ҹδҪġԭǵҹδţŷַǣŽŽǿûֶһǣⶼȥˣҹδ뾹ȻûнһŷЩʿסˡ
ʿûиҹδġΪҹδڻɽֳں۬նɱô磬նɱһƽʿѾں۬˳ȥҹδǾ˵Ƕҹδ䵽ˡǵĿУҹδһɱɱܹսƽǿߡȻҲҹδܹսƽ磬Ƕҹδܹս磬նɱٻŵġ
ΪһЩ콾ܹ֮١ҳں۬Ҳ̫ҹδ롣ԣЩûҹδ룬һҹδԼһô죿
ԣʿûҹδ롣ʵϣǶҹδǡϾǵв˲˰ҹδŪȥҹδҪҪǣҲûʲô˵
˵ģ˼ҹδʹдĽӿ㣬ʲô취
컯ʿҲҹδ롣Ϊ֪ôҹδٻһЩ٣ҲǵģΪ컯ʿ١
ԣ뷨ľƽʿˡ
ƽʿҹδ룬ǾҹδǿҲܴùǡһҹδĶ̫ٵĻδؾǵģ˵δеƽʿֵܹһš
ƽʿһٶЩƽӦֵܹƽҲпֵܷЩƽأ
Ǿδֵܹˣ
ԣЩƽڵʿЩˡ
ۿһȥֻʮͷʱˣҹδ뻹һŷûϽšҹδ벻ˣǷֲĿ̫ˡƽڵʿ̲סˡرʿѾǳˣ˼Ҳˡ̰Ҳ͸ǿˡϣڼײϡһõƷߣĺϣҲܹıԼˡԣһᣬҹδˡǣű˻ûдҹδõԼܹţǾȵȵˡ
ԣˡһûеδ壬һƽѹʹӿдƽ۷ܣ˵þˡһ÷ӹ̣ͮҰ͹ĸ亹ɸҪѡѡ
ҪľǸѹƷҹδ룬Ȼʹҹδ뽻Ҳ˺ҹδ롣ʱѾҹδ룬һ˿졣
ҹδʱվɽһƷɽڿٶȺΪԼѹѹסҹδ룬ҹδжû
ѾԾˣҹδһϵȻܹԼѹ֮»Ȼķǳ֤ҹδȷʵǿ
ⲻУ
뽫ҹδ볹ѹƣķ֪ԼǣܹԼ
ˡ
ռ𶯣ͷԼеѹƽ۷ѹҲûһ˿
ɽϵҹδ֪˶Էĵ֪˶ԷѹֻڴһĹؼʱ̣ۿԼҪǣǽ뵽Сɾ磬ȴʼղŶ롣֪ͷܵһ̣뷴ˡ
ʲôɣҲʲôԭڣһɽͷѹơΪɽȫԺķġͨ£ⶼĳĳɽսıʾɽ˲Ӧսڳͻˡ
ûзΪȻоѹǣǽŸãرھͲһţѹѾƿһ϶ǣǽ硣
¿ͷѣһ˷һоͱˮɣֻǲһ㶯ʱּ̣ӴԼѹѹУҹδ㳹ƿţ̤ǣǽСɾ硣


1082 ƽ
ҹδ󳷰벽ת΢̧ͷһ˫ͬǳ˰Ŀ飬ſ˳ȥ
һ̣Сɾǣǽ˳ȥ
еĿȻоԼҰⰵ𣬷·˲ں֮Сʱʧأһ죬ʧл񣬱㿴ҹδеǱƷɽȻ飬ɽƬͬһſǳ
һ˲䣬Ĳ΢СɽƬ·𿴵һſž޴ǳײһƬ꣬ʱᱻЩײ÷顣
овһ˲ͷųԼǿķͬʱԼһ֣Լ档
䡭
һǰײھϣ־ҵһ˿˿ѷ죬ͬ֩һ㣬һ
䡭
ֺȻ飬ɽƬײϣķ飬ٴײϣ絯赹˳ȥϳһѪףѪѪ˳
ҹδûῺ飬ǱĿֶŷһ
һƬžеĳ϶ڹעһ̡һȣÿһ϶ƷϣƷϣƷϣĿδ塣ҲҪҹδӦԡҹδӦԷʽҲǽӦҹδ롣
û뵽ҹδ˱꣬ѯʶԷֱһƫƫһƽ۷Ŀܡ

ǻܣֱһˣһɱ˿顣
ɲߡ
ƽʿߣ
ʵϿǿƽ۷ԭͺǿοôˣʱϳˡôʱ䣬ʲôûо
ҲĴѰһԵսڳֳţƽΣҲûж֡ȴҹδһϵԲһˡ
ҹδǿ˳̶ȣ
ƢҲ𱬵˳̶ȣ
ҹδһͶϾЩƽʿͷ
ǿӵҿδһۣһѾõϵƣû¶òˡҡҡλεطԼĶȥ
ᣡ
˶ˣŵĳϺ͵ӣſ¶ˡ׼ڽ֮ǰʮ꣬Ҳˡ
ʱЩƽʿڿɽ֮ϵҹδ롣м컯ûбչأҲڲɹעҹδ롣ʵҹδ뷽һ̫ˡ
һϵԲһһƽػˡٶʿһԼ֮ǰûçײȥҹδ롣ǳεٮٮߣ콾ʱҲǵںϵʱ򣬿ɴ򲻹ƽ硣ҲܹԾս磬ǿҲսڣԲ򲻹ҹδȴѾƽء
ڳεľ콾ּǳһΨһһ콾ܹž콾Ĵڣͬڵĳں۬졣أոܹƽһأƽؽֲ£ȴ򲻹ƽء
ڵÿһڶ֪ûͻҹδ룬ѾԺɨˡڳΣûҹδ֡
ЩԭҹδΪƷϻ̫ΪҹδҲɷ֮ʥݣŵƷϡսҹδǿҲܺɨ硣ǣʱǷˡ
ЩƽʿҹδһñʿܵҲ͸󡣴󲿷ƽʿоҹδɲǵĶ֡ǲҪˣҹδֻһϵԲǶҹδˣͻ
Ѷȵġ
ϵԲһƽأҹδͻ磬ֻһأǻǿʲô̶ȣ
ǵľУƽ۷Ӧûˡ
һ̾;˷򣬶ҹδֻܽãܵο˼һһɷ֮ʥеǵط˼ҡ
ˣ
˼һɷ֮ʥһʦһʦǸɵʦ˵׺
һˣ
ӹ̣ͮҰ͹ʹӶڳˣؿҹδ롣
һƽʿӴδվˣţҲֱˡֻеѹҲˡԼķԼЩ˲̫ˡǣʱǾ̫ˡ䲻δ塣
츳ãҲǵԲáǵĹСܹӷһ·츳ôܲã
ȻںųĹµŶһʺԼĹһɱѾˣǾǵԪƷΪĹУԪֻһƷԪ


1083 ٽ
ûа취ˣҹδ붼ŽԪƷͻ磬ǶѾͻˡɽĹԪѾˡˡԣŸõĹӹ̣ҰͮҪͻƵƽҲǳףûϣ
ҹδͽվǣɶվûʲôȻҹδѾǽ˶Ρ
ҹδҲףվԵ˲ͬҲͬķǳ棬ΪԼһֱߵǳӹǲǣվķһԼͬԼľû̫ЧҪԼȥ
ңҹδҲ֪컯֮վԪƷûáûɶãҲ˻ûվԭԣӹ̣ͮҰԪĿǰûΪȴָֻˡ֮ǰΪȥΪָֻԭеˮƽ
ӹԲͮԲҰԲսͬˣȻΪ͹ȥһΪսֱӷһࡣҹδȽοǹԪ񣬻һƷԪЩ׼ˡ
һʱҹδ˷һս۾ü֮価ЦݡоΧӵĿ⣬ҲûںЩĿҹδѣһȥҹδһ·ӹĸ˵ָ죬ٴ塣ûгֵıأԻҪѧϰ
ںҹδһ磬ʦǱϾ˼ǧˣҲڴʦľо˼ǧꡣȻָҹδ룬˿Իཻ
һҹδĲ꣬һꡣȻˡҲûԶҹδ벻ϵؽУҲ˺ܶ뷨ҲԱߵڿʼܾԼϣͻƵʦ
뿪֮ҹδûһ죬һȻ󻻻ӣʼƷҲû٣ҲǻһңʮţȻֵһ죬ȡһƺϣʼ֮󣬱㿪ʼ
Ҵ֮ҹδƳһɽʦľ磬ƷɱˣҹδΪ˳Ψһһʦ
ҹδ˴Ҵҵسһ£֪ԱߵѾˣûгҹδ룬ûȥһ˼Ĺؼ˼ҵУǵĶϾ;ĳޡֻصԼңԼһɱҾԼδĶʮ꣬ûа취ˮƽˡΪԼƺ϶Լˡԣڽ֮ǰԼܹƵƷʵҲǺƷɱˡ
룬ʯơʯͻʯԼˮƽ֮ãͲ˷ˡԭͲࡣ
ҹδ˰ʱԼɽȻŶһһЩϡſʼԼɽµʱ䣬ҹδƳһɽƷɱȡΪн
ʱǱнзʶ۲졣յõĽнȻƷȴѾƷ൱Ʒһҹδַ߳ҪʯЧ
׼ȥѧϰˣûкˣҪǲ֪Ҫٰ꣬ǧꡣ
ʵϣʦҹδҲûȫ
ʦַƷ
ƷʦӦľƷɱƷʦӦƷɱƷʦӦľƷɱҹδķϽеĺϣҲֻǳΪƷʦ
ǣǽҲˣѾСɣûкϣҪǣǽ򵽴ɾ磬֪ͬҪٰ꣬ǧꡣҪ˵󣬴ҶҪء
ҹδվʱ䶼һԪվϡ
һԪվ
Ȼ׼ÿóµʱÿӦܹʮţʮҲܹšŽԼһš
ҹδ뿪ʼδ壬Ҳȥˡ൱ڱչأֻǱءÿһʱ䣬ָܹһ·ӹĸˡָվͨԼĹҹδûָ㡣Ͼӹ˵ΪߣҴĹҲͬ
һʮȥײһҡ
ɽѾʼԴˣɽʿһߣҪɽĽͬʱɽҲȷƽʱߴ󳬼һµжԵĹںͰ׹ڣߴҲſ˶ǵķһķݶͨߴ󳬼Ž뵽硣ȻںͰ׹ҲҪۣɳʿפɽ磬š


1084 ײ
ɽ綼ж
еţеļ壬еɢޡ
ʱ򣬾Ŵ󳬼ǿӲģеʿҲ֪һɽ幥˾Ŵ󳬼ţӦϣڵɱɽ磬ÿ嶼ûкùӳԡҲԼС˼ӾŴŵ
Ҳڵ㼯˫ڵȣɽײǸʱ򣬾˫սĿʼ
ڴʱҲ֣ΪڳⶼӪʣʿЩʿеʿеǼʿеɢޣһӵнʿ
Ȼûŵʿ˼ԼڣҴʱ󳬼ҲΪͳһţںͰ׹ڵʿȴǷֳ߸ֱ֣ͨߴŵڽ硣
Ҷڵȴ
ײɽҲֻһŵʱ䣬ǻʣ²һ꣬Բᳬꡣ
δ塣
ˣҹδ룬ӹ̣ͮҰҪ
ӹԲûҵͻƽҹδãվûãǷӹʼ޷վͮҰӦûлͻƽˡ
ͮΪأҰͻƵ۷塣Ѿ˵ģҸҲﵽͻˮƽֻǶ绹ûȫɺҹδһһϵԲʿ
ҹδַĸˣÿ˶ʮŶɷʮšѾڣ˵ΪɷЩòɿ
Щӣҹδһֱںͷӹĸ۵ҲֻǾͨķΧ֮ڡһǿͷҲɽд衣ҹδûһʱ䣬ӹĸ˵ս
ӹҹδһƽʿ֪ҹδǿȴû顣⽻֣֪ҹδǿҹδԼһжӲ¡Ҫ֪ӹ˿磬ҹδֻһϵԲ
ʵ˵ĵʵҹδںǰһҶīսʱ˾ͲǶ֡Ȼʮڳ˹ƷܸߵĵʵѾѲͬն֮ǰսֹڽҹδҲûţһԪǣǽĹУشɲһǰ㣬ȻҲӰ쵽սԭһͨҹδʩչ
ΪͨƿҲ΢ͨҲǿ
˺ͷӸ˽˰꣬ԼȥãҹδԼĶУҲԼúŽ׼
ʮ꣬ʵһԪûһԪǣǽһʮ겻˵ûнǽ΢ͣƤë״̬վ֮⡣վҹδȡ˲ƵЧԪѾһһʮ˸ϣҹδоԼԪֻһͳΪ˼ƷԪ
ǣоԻΪĸ֪ԼԪڵԶδﵽԲҲ˵ϲԲˣӦûмʮ˵һٶǸĸоȴǣԪϣͻΪƷԪ
ǲԼоˣ
˵ƷԪ񲢷ԪƷļ£
⼸һЩԥԼԪﵽƷ֮ͻ磬ԪﵽƷ֮󣬷ֻܹĻͼԪ񣬶ͻ磿
ҹδڶ˼˰ʱ֪Լˣȥ
һԪﵽ˼ƷԼͻ硣һͻ֮վûЧǾͲˡܲһֱͣںϵҼǼƷԪԼҲĿǰɽĶһˡ
ؼǣվԽ󣬿ԪԽˡʮҲֻǿ˼ʮˡ
ºͻȻɽ綼
ҹδȻվ߳˶֪ɽײˡ򲻿ɽ˴𶯡ҲǳִţһеĽŷڶŴάֻ𶯣ȴûзݵɽ磬ķݵرǲķ˾סݼȫ
ҹδųķȥ⻪ţֱ

һʿ˸߿գͬһſǣųķȥȻһͷ˳ڡӹ̣ͮҰ͹Ӱҹδĸǰҹδ뿴ĸ
׼ˣ
ţĸ˵ͷ
ȥɣ
ĸҹδʩȻųķȥĸȥıӰҹδ벢ûжСģôˣԼӦ֪磬ǾͿ˵ĻԵˡ


1085 ռ
ҹδ˴ԼʱȻȻɽһòųȥ˳ſһŻһšűǼݵġÿҪͨ뵽ʿһǸǳڷģſͨ
ǸŻԶ飬ԣγһĻǸʿҹδŪףû֪Ҳʹ˹ţ뵽ڡ
ʱĳĵһĻĻǷıϡܹԶʿѪѪɽѪСҪ뵽ɽ磬Ҫǳô׹Ƶģ
ҹδһת˱ϣϵĺҲ磬һ޴ǱǱǳܹʿʱڳǱУŷʿǵǼһǾǵһߡȻЩҲһֱأʱҪֻġֻʱǾͿԳȥѰҺϡ
ҹδֱ뿪˳ǱĿĹˡ
ɲ磬Ϊײγһռ䡣ռ俴£һƬޣ޷ҹδͷһԼϵһָ룬ָһֻҪɣڡ
ȻʱҲɽڡҲȥڡһսʱ֮䣬һƬĿռ䣬Ŀռھĺϡ
ȻͳΪײĵһսǴģսСģսȻҪĻѰҺϡһ˫ǱضһֱĺҵòˣǺҵˣ˫ŻῪڶսǸʱǴսˡսҲȻ˭˶ԷڣȻǵս幥ɽڣ뵽ɽ磬ɽǵĸս֮ǵĸս
ԣڴҶڵһս׶ΣѰҺǵһҪ
ҹδܿķȻѡһȥɵٶȺܿ죬ҷɽոײϻǲ٣ֻʱ䣬ǵز˶ٶϡ
һգ˺ϤͨĺҹδûԥǱ߾ͷ˹ȥҪҲҪæԼһӺ˹⣬Ȼ󿴵ӰĸʿΧһɱҹδʯƵɱͱֱسȥȴȻһ˶ȣ
λѣˡ
ҹδͣһ֪Լˡǲһĺϻ۳һģʱںĸʿҹδ벻ɲ졣֮ǰЩûץΪܡһ׷ͣûʲôô¶
ɲСҹδɨһۣӦгһĺϻ۶ɡǴջֻ֮仹ǽġ˼ȷֵģҾܾȥҹδ㲻ǰȥȻδػͬҹδ㡣ʵǿˡҹδʵҲȷʵĸǿĸ˲ǺϵȻҹδҲǺϵҹδúϵ
ҹδûȥ׼뿪ոײԼɺαȥʿ
ȥطҾˡ
ҹδбŷȥ׼뿪ʱǱ߷һҽСҹδתͷȥһʿһβ͸ˣ˶ͬһ㣬ͷ˲١һʣµʿˣźǳҹδʿҹδȣ
Ѿ
ҹδ붼Ūˣ˻ǰƺ󹧡һۣĸʿҹǸû취һʣµʿȫأǶʱû̫ΣաԣҲûмŹȥͣԭغ
Ǵ򲻹¡
֮ǰʿֺһ飬Ȼ
ҹδҡͷԼܰ飬ΪʲôҪǷ󣿡
ҹδûĲֻһϣһܹж󣬲׶೤ǲɷʮ㡣ҹδҲĽ顣ϾıﵽƽԲһĺϵ
ǸʿɫһͣȻŭȷֵġ
Ҳûк
ҹδûæȻ֮ǰߣֻҪ뿪ҲûΣգƾʲôȥæ
ʿҹδѾⲻæɫʿһĲᣬ֪ԼˡԼڻܹӣһһԼˡ˵ԶǸŮ޻ɱ˶ᱦ


1086 ۼ
Ѹٵؽһ£ԶȥǴעܼ򵥡ҹδȻû뿪˵ҹδҪЩϣҪԼɺϹܾˣüˣȻʶҹδĹơôѧͿˡ˵һߣҹδȥܾˣˡ
ҹδҲأ˺أ
Ǿͷ£Ҷûеõ
ҹδʼһ㣬ʿ˼Զȥҹδʿ
Ҫˣ
ʿڨЦǴ򲻹ģ
ã
ҹδ벻ٿһȥķ׷ȥǿһϣҹδһ׷ʿҲ˺档ٶҪҹδ˺ܶࡣ̤ǲչ֮䣬ҹδ׷ĿͻȻԽŶңȥӶӰӰδХѾ
ҹδĿһ𶯣ϵͬһīҹδץУȻǰβһ̡ɺɵͷҹδ˹һɲǣĶˣȻһڣŵñһھͽһȥ
Ҫ֪ڲռ䣬˵ü˫򱼸һӾͱ̽ռڡ
һϵ֣ʿˡʿȴ˷ŭХҹδ˹ǵ̰ǲһϣһռ䷨
ҹδĿһҲֻǺϵǣҹδͳ˹ȥѾ²ϣѾǱƷ˹ȥ
ǣǽ
ˡ
оԼһǳӣһ߼ʣǼٵײ˹
䡭
㱻ǺûǺɢжûһʬ壬һ֫Ʈ֮Сҹδһ֣㽫Ʈеָץǰʶ̽飬ֳЦݣָһǧϣײĳʼǶడ
ͷʿ֣ڱ𾪵÷ʿ̻һ飬һ뷨ӣͷӲʿؿ˹ҹδʩ
ʦ㣡
ҹδ뿴һۣʶϵķΣӦСŻ߼ɢ޵ʿ㳢ʵ
ôܹһս
һʿһ̻صΪһƺϡϾ˵Ѿһ˿ǡ
ҹδͷӻȥʿٺһط롣ҹδ벻ԳҡҡͷԼΪҪǰڳһ뵽̬ûȥںϵ顣ֺһ˿ǣ½ʿֻ֪Լ֪
ҹδٴѡһ򣬿ʼѰҺϵ;
ҹδǰ㣬ײ֮Щĺܶࡣ̶̵һµʱ䣬ҹδ벶˺Ͼͳ
һգ˺ܶʿۼһЩʿ壬Ҳ塣ֻ˫ûдҲμ໥źԶ
ⲻ
ضսʱȴһ΢ĺƽ
ҹδĿⲻɨӣȻͿ˲ͬ
ǴԼǧ֮⣬ոĺڰ䡣
ҹδıòûʶҹδ롣¶ϢҲֻһϵʿ󲿷ҲǺϵֻҪΪ磬˵ƽ磬ڶûС
ϾһƬյΧ˵Խյ룬ԽࡣΪߵʿֱ룬ǵսֻе磬ŻΧεϵʿϡ
ȻҲǺϵбȺϵ͵ʿԪȡ
ҹδ鲽һϵʿԣλʦ֣ʲô
Ǹʿһ£Ȼָǧ֮һƬڰ㲻֪Ǹʲô
ҹδб㲻ٴ̾ϢһⶼԼûдϢʵʵ
֪
Ǹʿ̾һָҹδ̬һɢްɣ
ţҹδͷ
ȷԼĲ²⣬ʿɫǶһݽЩɢްΪ˵Ҫˡ
Ͼô׵õ
ǵƴ
ƴ֮ǰѶϢҪռסʲô֪͸Ҵǲ֪ôд


1087 ޺
ҹδҲΪ⣬ЦǺǵؿŶԷ
Է㻹ЦҺ˵ǸԱպڣĵطͽ޺ӡ
޺ӣ
ԣ㿴ƽʵٿףӾɵĴ
ҹδһӾˣⲻǺͺһֻȺٸ죬Σա
ǡ
һӾ˺ڵĺϣô˵޺ӦŴĺϣֲô˼
Σղ޺ڵ٣޺һ飬ǹǽޡ޺У뿪޺ӣʮҪӽ뵽޺С
ҹδתĿΧѾйǧʿˣôһ飿Ǻô֣
û취˵ûʿ޺лҪطʿȻ˶ںϣǾ˭õ˭ˡ
ҿ϶ָӡȻģһͻϮʧʹˡ
ʱ˿ˡڵǸһ硣ҹδѾˣ磬ǱĸʱһԵʿ˵
λĻҲ˵һÿ˸һλȻ뵽޺ӡ޺ڣҪǲߣᱻ˰ɣ
ף
Ӧ£ߵ󣬶һ޺Ӿ̫ΣˡˣһǧʿԣҪ޺ӵʿʵʵؿʼ
ҹδҲˣ޺Ӳ˽⣬ȻҪ˽һʵʵؽλǱҲһ󷨣˫ŴԼľ룬ͬʱ뵽޺С
ÿ˶ͷų֣£ÿ˵ĻֱһƬγһ޴Ļ֣ͬһһ㣬档ס޺ӵĳ
ҹδڸ֪ӻϳܵĳ֪޺ӵܡ
Ⱥǿ̫࣬屶ֹҹδڵʵǿԶߣȴֲ˶á
ǱߵҲ뵽޺У˫ʶ룬¶һ಻ַ̬
ҹδ뿪ʼ֪޺ڵĺôֵģʲôʽֵģӦβ׽Ҳʣ֪ˡ
ǹȥһʱҲûпһƺϣҲûпһޡ
زҹδ뿪ڣΧʿ̲סˡ
ϾҹδȻһϵľΪͲǺϵʿܹȵģ綼ȲˡԣܹŲʣʿ̲סˡ
οһЩͽ׵ʿԪ͵Ԫ֮ġһʱ֮䣬
Ҳûкϰ
Ҳûаҽ˰졣
⻹ѰҺأƶҵһЩˡëûһ
ʱЦЦЩͽʿҲգҲգʵ
ǰ¡
һϵʿ޺ڣȲ˵ޣֻǺϡˣһǱͬһһ㣬ٶʮеǧơ
˻Щͽʿɵһ˷
ԣǲҪĵĶǻ޺ӵıԵԽߣĺϻԽࡣ޵ĻҲࡣ
ǰܵס𣿡
Ҳ֪ʿҡͷûм
ʱҹδλʿڵ޵ı岢̫ǿǵԪʿҲܹնɱĽһ޲һ޲壬ͻữΪޡֻһ㣬ֻһָ㶼˻Ϊޡ
ʿоһݣʿʵ̽Ǹָеأ
ûãʿԣҪʱʱ̳֣֮̿޲壬ǲһ¶С
ʿжʿʵɱޣ
㣬ʲôУûʲôġ
ʿĬŰ취ҹδҲ˼ϵŲٵķһˣԼǿ÷һ֪طԼӦƼ
ˣʵڲУԼԽ뵽ߣԼзء
ҹδһԼ԰ȫֻǲ⣬Ҫʱʱ̳̿֡һΪ޲Լ壬ԩˡ
СʱǸʿͻȻֿˣ޺˵ģҲڵڵһ޵Զһһƺɳϡ


1088 ޵
˻ʿһ˷ˡ
ʿʵǰ޵Ϊ󣿡
Ϊ컯ﰡ
컯
һ¾Ͳֹ˷ˣֱǿˡ
ǰʲôã
ԪҲ֪֮ˣʵԪҲͨԪսԪάǵܣ仰˵ԪάǵԪ
ǣǣǿУûԪĿռ䡭ŶҲǲ֪ǿ֮УеĵطԪġôǻһطɣһռ䣬С硣СûԪûУǻʲô
ʿ𣺡ὥĵڵԪڵԪһ֮󣬾ͻ˥ϣ
ԣҲûʲô¶˵ȻҲʯɾҩЩάЩһĹˣÿĵľڵԪԪҲĹˣôʵϺͷҲûʲôˣֻǱȷ΢ǿһЩˡǸʱҲҪԶάܣҲ
˵ʲô
˵ǸʱԪͷ˲࣬ȷ΢һЩ
ȷ˵ĺϵԲʮԪġ㻹ʣԪȴôһûԪûĵطǴһƬûԪǿաûеҩʯɾĻڵԪԼҲܹάڵǧҡҲ˵ǧ֮Ǿͺͷ˲ˡããУûгԵĶôǴԼҲһ¾ͻһСڣгԵĶôϲǣǿԶһЩ¡Ҳᳬꡣ
ƽʿˣҲΪ
컯ͬ
컯ʿѾȫͬؽ컯ʿ컯µʿʵѾˡõɱ䣬һֳȻ֡컯ʿ壬ʵʶڵԪ񣬶õʱ仯Ĳ˵Ǿ˵
Ϊʲô˵Ԫ˵
ΪѾԪɽ֮Ϊ컯ڣΪ컯컯ʲôͬ
ֻҪеڵĵطնת컯

ǵ
͵ʲô
νһɵĵ棬ʵĿռġЩռڵĵǲͬġͱ˵Ƿ˵ûҲûԪĿռ䣬ͬӵǿռǺɽͬԣղ컯
ܸ٣޴ڵûԪռ䣬ҲԼĵ컯Ҳ޴ڣֻΪûн뵽컯оҲˡ
컯ʿǿ֮컯ʿǿĲսԪǿĵط޴ȥõûԪû⡣
ҹδڣеʿѡʱҹδףΪʲôԼԪͱ嶼ƽԲܾãȴʼ޷ͻ컯ԭԭ
ͨ£ƽʿ͵ʱȥͻ컯Ҿ󲿷ʿʼ޷һġ컯򡣵ǣ޵ȴܹʿͻ컯һ
Ԫ컯ɱ䣡
˻
αҹδ붼ˡȻ󣬱ǸʿƵ
Ҽ磬Ҳʸ޵תԪΪ컯ȻҪȽԪƽԲ
һ£˲йˡſܵ鲻ˡ
һӾʿ޷ͻ磬͸˵ƽˡ˷ԼòϣǿôĶضܹȡԴ
ע⣬ˡǸͻȻڵ
һӾ˵עҹδҲ˳ʿĿȥԶ޺ϳһ⡣ȻһѸٷŴ󣬻Ϊɫʰ쵡ǸֺϽ֯һͬһƬܼкĿ֮ųʮ
ҪңʿȵһҪǱǵֲͣơڶǲ׽ϡƶغϡ
˿ʼƶԴΪ壬źķƶסķҹδڴƶûͻԼֻǽԼһ֡
Ǻϵ֮ǰס˷ȻʮĺŴײ˹˹ǰˢսķ֡ҹδЩʿҪľ㡣


1089 ׽
һǲϵعעԪάַ֣úײ˷֡һײ飬޺ڵ֮ͻὫҹδɱ
ڶǲ׽ײǶĺϡ
ڵҹδɵĴ󣬾ͬߵһ齸ʯʮĺϾͬһ㱼ӿˢ͸˽ʯʱ㲻ܰסᲶ׽ϣϾͻһѸԶȥԣܹ׽٣ȫ˵ı¡
Ⲣף󲿷ʿ˵ǵĴ뾫ҪάַϣҪ׽ٶȼĺϣҪƴȫ
ʵϣҹδǿԼġĻ˵ʮϣٶ࣬Ҳ©˶١ҹδûУ̫ۡ
ƾԼ汾£²׽̫࣬ҲʿɵΪԤʾʵǿ󡣵һɱұʵֲֻ˵죬Ҫᱦɱˡҹδǲ£Ҳ֦ģ޺Ӧвٵĺϣһʱ
ҹδ벻Ͳζҹδ벻ȫȥ
̧ͷȥ
Ѿ纣һԼͷǰʿڸʽֶβ׽ϡҹδ̽һֻ֣һա
пռ䣡
ˡ
ͷһǧϾͱȻҹδԼһץпռҹδ˲СϼѹһţҹδǰѾһ߶೤һţҹδս˴ָ
ǰǸʿۿͷϵĺһ飬ͬһƬƣͻȻͱһ飬Ҫ׽ȴû˲׽Ķ󣬲ŭصҹδһڿĺǿհףִҴææȥ׽ˡ
ҹδ˶ԷķŭǸƾֶΣѵ㣿
ҹδֿʼʹпռ䲶׽ϣǰǸʿЩںҹδվһˡŮ̫ˡûŮޣԼ׽ĺܹ屶㣬ֻǲ׽ô
һȻųʮƣٶ̫ˡʮϢʱ䣬кȻҶ߾ȫȥ׽кȥ˲ʧ˵ҰСҹδ벶׽Ҳ࣬Լֻаǧ˾Ϳ֪ʿɿҹδһۡ
ٴοʼ޺ȥǰǸʿżͷҹδһۣڻЩȻ֣ҹδȫûһ˿ŵɫʿ޺жûףһŵģʱʱ̵̿عע֡ٿҹδ룬ﶫ·ΣȫȻûаš
һ㿪ʼֳֺˡγֵĺϲ֮ǰǰһȺһȺ֣żһơߺɳϣǺϣϣʲôƷĶСһͬ㣬Щϵٶȼ졣޺ڵԭͿ죬޺ӵĺٶȾ͸ˡʱһȺˣȻûһ˲׽һƺϡ
ҹδǰǸʿߵ㲻ô׽ˣúˣúˡ
õģ
ҹδЦеصͷǸʿЩ㲻ףеһȱ۶֪ڼ㻹Ц
ΧʿҲؿҹδ룬ܲץһĺϡ
Цеҹδ˫ĿһУ˼Ϲ⼤Ǻϡһʿ׼Ķ
ϣ
ϡ
ѾʩչͨӭϡʿȻоԼ׽ٶȲǸͨӭʣµϡ
ҹδʶˣϻѾһЩԣһرֱУ֪˲׽ʱԣԲ׽һ⣬µϾ㶼㿪˲׽
ҹδλڴ뿿ؿǺ϶ǰһͨͬڷ϶ζ㣬գ֮ͿԼ
ҹδ룬ʱҹδΧʮʿ׷׸ʩͨȥ׽ƺϣҹδҲ̽һץ
ʮʿУа˸ʿѾ򣬴ʱ㶼ͷ˳ȥʣʿǿͨһϲ׽֮У˾ռݾƣϾܹϲ׽
ǣˣ޺С޺ǿĳˢʿոͷų򣬾ͱ޺ǿĳˢˢ֧飬ûҲѷ죬ƺط϶дУûеЩʿӦѾӳǵ


1090 
ҹδȴûͷųͷųпռ䡣ȻǺϵԲԪԪҲﵽƽԲʵϵѾúϵ˲ͷų磬ڻѾܹͨȵġԣ޺УͷŵпռҲɼͦס޺ӵĳˢƺ棬Ȼҹδս˴ָС
֮ǰǸҹδʿɫڨڨлżɵʱֲɵӣοҹδǿ
ȻԼһĺϵ˼ϵԼһҪŪԼ¡ͬʱҲίԼôôãôʿƫƫҹδվһԺԼлᲶ׽
ǸǸʿЩµѣ¡
ҹδڰֵƾµ顣
Ǹʿһҹδ仰ͱ̬ȡֻǸƾ²׽ϣ޺ӵ޺ˣ޺ӡ뿪޺֮ҹδŪǣһ
ǣ
޺ӵ޺ˣҹδԼٺϣ
Լùҹδ
ҹδԼҲһ޺֮УԼһ϶
ʱˣ
Сģʱǰʿĺ
̴˾񣬱ֻ޳ǵΧҹδоһݣʿĺûзޡ޼޺һɫѷ֡ʵϲҹδΪֻܷ֣Ϊ׼ûС˼׼ʮֳ֣֪޵ص㡣
ÿһ޶Լʮ׳ʮŴ̵Ĵ롣ſĴ죬Ƿݣ˸ɭĺâ
ÿʿ̴ŷֹעԪǵķ֣Ȼͨǵ壬ǾͻữΪޡ
ҹδǰǸʿʱҲһƬңΪеһֻǶȳ˹ſУѾкڹۣ޵ͨ
ʱȴһ⼤һٶȼ죬ɲǼѾֻ޵ͷǰ
ۡ
Ǹʿûпǵ⣬ǵҽǣ޼Ѱͷ·ͻأسǸ޵ͷǰȻһ˽ȥӴ޾ˡ
ҹδǸһץǸ޵ʬͱץͷϣȻĿĹˣֻʣֻޣȴڴһߣԼԶЩźҰһ죬ûٳ֡
ҲɱˣϾôʿֻˡ֮ǰĸޣǱҹδˡǸɾ䣬һбɱޣûʲô¶˶ҹδĸҲûʲôǣʣµ޿ɲǵĳʿɱġǺɱġ
ˡ
޵˭
˭ãʿѺϽ޵ˣЩʿǷЩϡȻ绹㣬ҹδǿ޵һȿڵ
ЩСѣ޵ңΣ
ҹδ뵭
ʿôʿ棬ȻҲȥֳãҹδһȻȵ
룬Сˡ
⻰̬Ⱦͺܲˣܶʿؿҹδһܾۡһ磬ȻˣַĿռ䣬治ʲô¡޺ڷ⣬뿪޺Ӻ󣬱𵥶ߣɱ˶ᱦҲǲܡ
ҹδȴһƽ·ûǸ绰е˼Ŀ⻹
Īһӣ
Χʿоǰ޲Զһ㣬ʱʿķŭԼҲ룬ÿ˶Լλãƶ
Ҳûʱȥǣֿʼƶˣ޺ӵƶȥƶٶҲʱسǵĺϣǲࡣҹδҲֻǲ׽ƣѾܳʱûв׽ˡҲûٳޡ
ˣ޺ӵƶ˰չ⾰˾һǿһƬ貵ĹâͬһƬҫĿǺӣǸǶ
ϣ
Ҫ֮ǰһ϶̫࣬ԳơʿҲʵϣУŲ״̬á
ʲôط
޺ӣ
ǽ뵽޺ѾˣԽ޺ӵٶԽ죬ǵĳԽЩԪͻԪһµʿʵѾûжˡǵ߳ʵڷϣڹעԪάַϡҲֻʣʵȥ׽ϡ
ȵĺϣҲҪ졣
ˡ
ϸǶ


1091 Ļ
ҹδûмпռ䣬ֱӼ

ҹδϷγһڶתӵмԴԴϵ뵽֮УȻҹδ׽ϵٶѾ磬綼Ϊ֮Ŀ
ĺǺܶ࣬ǵٸ죬ֻ֮䣬纣һкҲֻǲ׽˲֮ҹδһ˾Ͳ׽˳ʮ
翴ҹδһۣĿЩ˸
Щҹδʵ
˵ʵҹδ˲׽ϣϻһ޵綼˴ٵ˼Ƿֿҹδ벶׽ϵʵǶҹδսżɵ
ȻܹҹδֻһϵԲⲢζնɱҹδ룬ȥɽ磬ܹԾս콾١رǾŴ󳬼ŵ콾ھŪҹδݣҲûȫҹδʵԣȻɵҲ⻹˴ٵ˼ֻ޺ӣΧôʿʱ
˼´޺ƶȥ
ֹȥ˰죬ҹδҲ̾޺ӵĹ󣬵ڻ޺ӵһߣûдﵽ޺ӵ롣ǳܵ޺ӳȴԽԽҡкܶʿѾʼ̷ҩԪˡҹδҲʳ˵ҩĵǲ󣬵ȴҪԼʱһ۷״̬
һΪΣյĵطοҲ졣ƶһʱңɫҲЩˣȵ
Сģ
纰С֮ǰѾ޺˽⣬һֱҹδѾһƬӰԼս˹
ޣ
ޣ
ҹδһɨȥ޵һٸ
ܶʿѾʼʿˮˣĳɵʿǻԪ͵Ԫﵽȣ޺ӵĳˢѾһϾĿˡǵԪĵúܿ졣ֳܹľѾˡ󲿷־άַϡʱЩҲʶԼΣգǵһ뵽ı˵ҩһսûʱʳҩڵԪ㡣
ѹ̫ˣ
䡭
һ߷ɿ˻һ߿ɫĹеʿһ߹עԪάַ֣һ߼ޡ
ս˲ͼ
ҹδαйоأΪֹ֪ģսУҪ⣬ҪȣûڵԪԴԴϵعע֮УɽһƴĹĻ
Ļ
û׳ֻǹעԪάŷ֡ĿѰΧʿʱڷع޵ķҲǿٶ죬ܹɵضܣҼǵĹϣҲûڲϵرƽѾܹؿǿз
ϣ
ҹδеɽһֻѾ˵󲻵׵޶ûзӦɵĶܺѸ͵ٶȶûüʹҹδɽʹ̴ͷ­ȻһֻԪֽץס˲ϵҹδͷϣҹδ
ΧʿɲĿҹδ벻ѣһֱնر֮ǰǸǹҹδʿʱҲҹδˡԼվҹδԣһӾͰ
״ҹδϲ֣һ֣նɱһֻޣһǳ嵽ԵڴΣյ޳֡һİȫ
䡭
ĺɫڴϣھҹδ벻ԶһʿȻһľǰķѾ˹ѣͬʱһɫĹѸ͵غɫĹǹѵķϣضὫǷֳ׺顣
һ˷֣ĿɲǷֺǸʿ󶼻ᱻƿһ㣬ܻܿԵ棬󶼻鷳
͡
ҹδһеĻͼ˹ȥǹѵķǰ˲Ŵȫڱ˹ѵķ֡
䡭
ǺɫĹĻϣĻֻ΢һ£ɼͦǸеʿȻҹδĺ
޲֣
ŶŶ
ʿӾзӦ˹æʼ޲֡
ϣ
ҹδеɽٴμǸնɱȻһֻԪ֣ץסϹ
ӵļңҹδɹңûȥɱޣĿȫ֡ʱӳһĻ˼ķ֡ҲˣǶһҹδ룬ѹ


1092 ս
䡭
ҹδҲżÿһγնɱһֻޡ
ÿɱޣһʱԮԵͬ飬ΧʿڳҹδʵͬʱҹδҲΪмʱƣǶҹδ붼һ˿ͬʿһ㡣
ʱǵУҹδʵѾͬ硣
սҶѸͣǳʱ䲢Լʱһٶ޾ȫնɱҹδ٣ֻǳŴΣȴջ˾ֻޡ
ʱʿѾҹδˡףҹδȻǺϵһ콾ʵԺ൱ԼһҪҹδ룬δشù֡
ֻŮӾǸţ
뵽ʣһ翪ڵλѣ־ΰγƺĸţ
ɢޣҶ
粻˵ˣɫεתͷ
ôƭ˭أ
ʵɢޣ
Ҳ϶Ǽٵġ
ҹδʵҲұȣȻ˼ҲύԼҲͱƨˡ
żƶϺ޶ʼ
ǣ޵ҲûбϴĶ٣ҹδתŴƶҲûдĳ֣Сģģеʱһеʱһǧ
ҹδΧļʮʿа˲٣Ϊ֪ԼΣյʱҹδȡ
ֹȥʱңƶĴ󶼲Ϊ֮һ١
ÿжֳ˷ľϲ
ǿʲô
һ߼ʵĺϣҲǧơ
ͬʱҲһݡ
һ߿ƶʿǸտʼƥ࣬ԼܹһһٶࡣЩƶһľҲͣ˫֮ŴԼǧ׵ľ룬㶼纣һ㣬γĺϡ
ˣ
ϸǶ
ʿ׷׸չ£ҹδٴͷųγһ򣬷źϡ
ʿѾǧΪҲǵԪԾųǧƵĺɵϣҲЩʿ׽úܿ졣
ҹδĿɨ磬ңңؿһԶĸ磬бһ̾
ǴԼ壬оԼֲ֧˼¡Ͼ磬Ϊܹӵн硣Ȼͱ߳һȡΪĳʿսǿ󣬼ǺϵҲʿʿĽ硣ǵս£ֲ׽ϵ״ԼͲˡ
ԼȻؾֹЧҲȽ硣ǲ׽ĺҪԼһɡ
һҵʱ䣬ûü׽ĺѾٵкʱΧȴǶȻȷŲ׽ϻҪš
ΪǱߵ߿ٵؿ˹
ս
ߵʿ̺ȵ̬ףҲͲ䵱һˡһ£׿սǰ׼һʿ̷˵ҩھս֮ǰָܹپͻָ١һӿĲ١
ҹδҲûдҲʳһŵҩĿɿ˻塣Ĺҹδûʲô⡣˵ʵڲ׽ϵĹУҹδ붼Źˡ
һ棬ɱԭ֮һһ棬ÿɱһ壬Իʬ壬ԻϵĺϡǱҲôġ֮ԸΪǱ߱߶һ硣ԣ߲ŽţҲû
ǣҲ塣Ϊûô޺ӣӶܵƣ˵޷ӡֻоս˫ֻʣһ˾ս
ҲĿǣβ֪Էĸ磿
޺طԷһ磬ġԷסߵ磬ȻʣµԼлһ硣
ܶס
϶ס
ˣɱһ磬ͻΧɱһ磬ɱ֮󣬾ͻĸΧɱһ硣ɱٶȻԽԽ졣类ɱ֮ʣµЩʿͱעȫߡ
Ŀⲻضҹδ룬ʱҹδ룬ȻҹδΪǺϵԲ˵ǣЩʿҲܹҹδ벻ܺһսҲܶһʱ䡣ҹδ뿴ǵĿ⣬ѾԽԽˣûʱˣҹδûеǿڣɴ˵
һ磡

粻һǲҪҹδɱǸ磬ֻҪܹΪǶһЩʱ䣬Ҳܹɱĳ磬ҹδ롣ΪߵһڣĿɨԽԽ壬ĿһͷϳŶǵϣһڡ


1093 ն
ĸ磬һڡڣһڡһڣڡϵضҹδ˵
ҶѣסǸڣеκһɱ˶Է磬ȥء
ã
ҹδӦһǸں壡
ս죬Ѿάִˡʱ򣬻СսԸΪսڼٵ޺ӳˢУԭάֵľͺܲף˫һ壬άֲס󡣼Ȼ޷ά֣ͲǰɢҲôĳ̫ǿ̫ʱ򣬾ҪԳ塣
һ֮󣬱ȳǸڡڴͬʱµҲڡǱߵǸڣȴһڰж
ǣһ㣬һӰԼٶȣʿٶ˹̫Ԥˡȫû뵽һϵһ˹ҲΪû뵽׼ȫ֡׼֣һߡһߵҹδѾ˹ȥ

Ȼҹδ֣ȴ塣Լ磬ԷֻǺϵȻԼԷ򣬵ԼĽһͷţͻűԷǸʱԷͻΪĳűˣԼ׵նɱԷ
ǣû뵽ԷѾ浽ĵز֮󣬱㻯˳һ㣬˲ж
ˡ
ĽոոֳûüȥҹδѾ̤̤ǲ嵽Ķ档еɽѾ˹
Ͼ磬ӦҲ졣˲ıʧȥȻ£ͷһͣͷϵǸǾӭҹδɽײ˹
ģǱǿͨԼʵһײͻöԷɽ̶֣ײԷ

ͶǼײһ
ǺܼӲʯƵɱ
飡
ˣɽֱ룬Դ棬ɲǼ䱬
䡭
Դˡҹδһ֣㽫Ǹʬսһ㣬໥ײ˫һ͡
̫ˣ
ûһԾʤأͱһһǱһϵġҹδĿɨʱ򣬶һ顣
ҹδɨһսоΣԲʱڣ˫ֳʤѡ㲻սȥæ綼ǽģ˵ˣæɱ磬սƷ˭ģ
Է磬ҹδߣսƷ͸ҹδ룬ϹҲסͣҹδǿҪֺαأ
ԣҹδŲ̤ǲֱ֮ЩͽʿȥӳȥһɱĿɲֹһʿսתһȦնɱٶʿջ
һʿˣеӣеƴǲӵģƴģӭǵĶɱʱʿʵϣϣѾռ˾Եơҹδ뷴ͣԼѾٶʬ壬ÿʬϿ϶ջĺϡԼˣҲøЩȡԣֻͣһԹۿ
ֻվԱ߲Ҳһİʿһ塣ʿսʿս
ʱʱ䣬սֻʣɱµʿ־һ˴ֵ޺ӵĳһսĿǰ磬ȫߡȴֻνʤ
ಡ
ܲסѹֳˡҹδû׷ǺϵԳսУҪ׷һƴ磬Ҳܲסֻ£˷ԼԪǡοտʼûгְæҲûбҪٳ֡
ɫΪȻ˼һϵԲһɱһ磬æ˰ʱëûеõ
лˣ
վǽȣҲҹδʵʮֻǺϵҹδܹ˲ɱһڣҹδͻ磬Ǹʱǿ¶ҹδ˵ûкҹδ˵Ļᡣ
ôҹδͻ
ⲻǷϻ
ǿ˲ͻ磬¾ûܹͻˡ
ؿҹδڰ֡
ҲǸɴˣиӵ飬ʼ󣬼޺ƶȥ
֮ڴﵽ޺ӵ룬ĳǿͬʱҲ࣬Ҳࡣ
ԣһƬϵľһȺޡʿ࣬Ƕҹδ˵ȴǴջ


1094 
ʵϣ޺ӵ룬ÿγֵĺϲ࣬ٵʱֻһʱҲһƵʸ֮߰ǰҹδƶգδܹһκϣʱܹһΡȻ޵ƵҲߡٵʱһʮʱһһٶ
ҹδһȺ޺ʮ죬ȻͷƵʿʼˡÿĺҲˡҶ֪ʱˣٴôҲˡʮ죬ʿҲʮ߸
ȥҹδȴԼ뷨ֻ޺Ӳ˽⣬һʿǰ
ѣܷΪҽһ⡣
˵Ǹܿ
ҿ϶ǴγΪʲôȥΣ
֪޺ӹᴩĿռ䣬ԽߣԽ࣬ƷҲǿҲԽ࣬Ҳǿ󣬲ܹƥеġЩе콾ƽʿݺĵ̡
ҹδ˲˾ѣ¾Ͳһˡ
ϾһҪȥΣ
ǡҹδͷȻʿһ֣λأ
Ȼ󣬸ɴض޺ӵĳˢζȥ±һʿ
Ǻϵ
ж˾ɥ֮˼һϵ͸ϣЩ콾ƽ
Լأ
ˣ
콾粻ԼܹģԼѪˣҲȥˡǻûԵ
վЩɥֵشʿ޺ƶȥ
ҹδһƶ壬ûˣӵ޼ɵ
ϣֱӼΪſڣһؽˢĺɣޣȫնɱһ
գһʿԼٶˣЩʿ֮һ磬ʣµҲǺϵûһԪЩʿҲҹδ룬ж¶˾֮ɫһҹδ뾹Ȼֻһϵҹδ뾹Ȼ޺ӶС
ҹδ뿴һֱۣǰȥûмǣû˿ͣЩʿĬĬؿҹδӰʧҰУвŵ
ŮǺϵ
ǣ
ôң
պҹδջϣɱ˶ٶޣȻһȺʿ
Լٶһ磬һǺϵ
ЩҲҹδ룬ÿжֳ˲졣
⻹ʲô˵ģ
Լģɱǲɵ
÷ԸϵԲҹδ˹ʿеġҹδһ˶޺ڴУͲܰһͨĺϵԲضеһ콾
ǣܹɱһ콾ǲˬ
ᣬ콾Ͽ϶Ŵĺϡ
ֻ˲䣬ңңߵҹδ롣
ҹδȻɵɵȥǶٶ壬һһҵ磬ҹδʵǿڿҲԼһϵԲܹһٶ硣һһٶΧϣûĽ
ԣҹδ̽Ų̤ǲŴߣҪĶԱƹȥγȥ
Ķ޺ƶЦǺǵؿҹδߡҹδŴ߶ǣǸܵҹδĹȫĿ֣ԼߴӶгȥϵԲνҹδնɱ
ϵԲҹδ˫Ĺ켣϶ײһʶҹδ뷨ء
ˣ
ҹδ˳ȥ
ԷҲײ˹
һϵʿֳЦ
䡭
߸ײ
Բͬҹδͷŵеת
תİǽֻ˲䣬ҹδײͱȻ໥ײһ
䡭
ʼ飬ҹδȴ˹ȥת˲䣬ʿоԼһͣ·̶岻ʱҹδһ̳
ͨһڵҹδͷųԲͨ
ֻ⡣
ۡ
һ죬üͬʱ⴩͸Դըϵʿͷʬ塣
ҹδʬ嶼ûȥգȻ֪ϵԲʬǱϱضҲźϡ

ʱ򣬶һʱ䣬ܶᱻΧϣζž
ԣҹδͷҲصؽŲ̤ǲŴߣγȥ


1095 ŷ
޺ڣҹδʵŲ̤ǲʱûӰ޺ӣҹδ뻹ϣӿĳٶȱĺȻٶҲԱȣҹδٶȻǿġ
ಡ
ھһֳ֮Ӱ硣
ܾҹδһ˾Ȼܹ˲ɱϵԲǼһ£ôһʱ䣬ҹδѾһ룬һ룬ͳԽĶ顣
ʿҹδضǺܾ裬ԲûΪҹδһϵͶأ硣
ҹδǿҲһϵ磬㹻ţҹδնɱ
ҹδ֪Լܹնɱģ÷ŵĲԣ»һ¡ֻǾһ£ǷԼȡȻͻʧȥſܱΧԣʯĳȡһƷɽ
ƷƷƷƷ
ʱҲûͷ򣬶һ˹ȥ
̳ǿǣǽ
飡
еƷɽ˼ʮ飬弤ȥÿһƬĪܡٶȿ硣
ۡ
һͷų磬סƷɽƬͬ©ˮˮѪʬ屻޺һ¡ҹδŴȦȥ
һֳԤϣЩһ£һ£ҹδӰѾ˹ȥƹĶ飬Խǰ棬һȥ
һ£׼ŭʿ
𡭡
Щʿһٸҹδ׷˹ȥ
ҹδͷһۣбһɡ
ٸʵΣٶȲԼ̤ǲҲ˵ԼһӵĻʿ׷ϣԼվǡ
ǣҹδȴ˱˼
ŷݣ
һŷݵľѻᡣ
ʿ׷Լ͸Լһŷݵľѻᡣ
ȻŷݵĻһֱͶԷ룬ܱԷס
䡭
ԷͨѾҹδ˹ҹδת̤ǲһһƣƳĻһȡһƷɽһ̳ǣǽ
䡭
ҹδĻܵĹ˵ٶȸ죬ͬʱڶƷɽ顣
ۡ
һ߸ˣûסʿʿΪ
𡭡
УҹδسҹδʱɫҲһݺΣĻڵסһ˲֮ڱˡҹδҲܵЩ𶯡ʱѾͷŲ̤ǲԶݡ
Ȼ󡭡
Ȼתһ̳
ǣǽ
Ʒɽ飬ɽƬХȥ
ۡ
˼ʿЩǰٶȲȻһ
׷ҹδ˲䣬ҹδոʮʿʮ֮һ
Ҫ
Щ岻
Ȼ󡭡
ǷԼٶˡǰҹδҲٶȡ
ˣ
ҹδڷǵķݣ
һ뵽һ㣬Щͣ׷ˡ
ҹδĲ̵ֻӣǸҲ׷
ڡ
Ȼǣ
ҹδڷǵķݣǴŽɱ˼
ûܣ
ͣҹδ̾ϢһǷŲˡҲͣתЩʿ˫ĿڿײʿȻ߷ߣȴû׷ҹδתζȥ
û׷ÿ϶ֳȻ
ҹδϣٶȲ죬ʿ׷ͷȻˡ
һ죬ҹδҲûʿʿһϣڼ䵹ǲ׽һЩϣķԽߣϵƷԽߡ֮ǰս뵽޺ӵʱȻżҲܹ׽һϣǾǺɳϣǺɳϡںɳѾˣ󲿷ֶǺɳϺͺɻϣǺ϶΢һЩ
ȻϵҲʼǿˣÿĲ࣬ٵʱֻһֻʱҲֻʮֻҹδɱ˲ٵ޵
ֹգԶԶؿһ֧顣֧ʿ٣Լٶٶ˵Уٶ磬ֻһٶϵʿ
ʵνǿ
ǸɢޣͻȻ֮ڴһôĵӣȻһ˶޺ӣϽӣ
ҹδͷ˿Լϵ·Ϊ˲óϳԼԲıòһɢ޵·̧ͷȥһԲʿԼһڵʿҹδʶ֣ͨڳһ콾ΪǧڱضͻƽĴڡ˺ϣֻҪưھܹɾƽʿ


1096 
ҹδ룬ʵʵŶȥҲƶȻˣͼȥϾԼ޺ӵ˽⼸ûУƶһΣ޺Ӷ˽һЩ
ο֮ǰ壬ʵǺΣգԽߣضԽǿ󡣸ڶУӦøӰȫһЩ
Ȼˣ뵽鵱Уҹδ̱о˺ܶࡣϾٶʿоİҵ磬һޣҹδ뼸ûвֵĻᣬЩ޾ͱЩɱˡȫǰȫˣջȴ١
ˣ
ȫԼһʱ䡣һʱ䣬һ޺ڶУǾΣգƽʱһϣҲȷʵۣƣڶ룬鿴һԼջ
ո׼鿴дһ˿Сģϡ
ϣ
ҹδбһ
ǲ֪ʲôϣ
ʱҹδԹԼˣ׼̫ˡ
һֺܲõԤУΪһ˿־塣
һԲ־壬һһԲǾŴ󳬼е콾һ־壬Ͼʲô
תͷΧˣЩ϶ֳ־塣
Щ˶֪Ҳ֪
ѣʲô
ʿһ׼սһ߼ٵػصȫƽϣЧͺ෴ƻʿڵһУԪҲ˵һʿһˣӰʿñɷ˵ʿΪһӡ֪ôģе˵Ǻϵİ
ҹδˣͬʱҲ̧ͷΣһƬ޾貵ɫͬһƬ޾ĹĲϼ
ҹδԪ֮˫ĿһƬһӾͿһƬǸɫʵϾһγɵġÿһ϶߲ʵġ
ԽĶԽΣա
ǣҪôӦ
䡭
ս˲죬εսûеˣϡȴȻĵ˸ΪպͿ¡ÿһʿ÷ʱûڽʡԼԪҲûƣƴͷԼǿͨЩϡ
ϧ˭ͨõЧǴ󲿷ʿͨûжٵЧٶʿһ޼ʵǰԵôѾ˱ڣ̱оԼڵԪʼһǣѸٵɢͷͨ½½µĽǸڡ
һѭ
ʱҧ˫Լǿͨƺغ֪ԼͨɱǲǿԼѡ룬ȫû⡣
ǡ
һΧʿԼôˣЩʿ˼һΪ˷ˣ޺ֻ
ҹδʱҲЩҲԼֶͨϵɱĲǿ
䡭
ҹδĿⶸȻһһ׹ⴹǼԵʿͷ֮ͨ£ҷ
ϣĿƣ
ǡ
Եʿ̫ˣ⼸ʿͷŵֱͨǱˮн
ҹδӵзͷӦôϣҹδԪ֮ĹˣҲ١
ǣз
䡭
ҹδԪ֮ҹδͷۣȻܺȥͬʱҹδ
ҼУ
ʱʿǻҵġֻҪ˳ߺܵرеʿοʱҹδͷϷһ͸˰ȫУԣеʿҹδ۹Щ˵ΪҲֻǲϢʱ䣬ҹδΪģ۳һš
Ȼҹδһŷһɷ֮ʥķǷ˿СȻͱһƬ׳أ·ʿ˿˿·١
Ȼ󡭡
䡭
Բǧ֮ڣȻ£˱ܿҹδЩһռݺСĿռ䣬ΧѾһƬ׺
ԭΪ谵޺ӣ׵ҫһƬҫĿ׺ҹδΪģ˷ӣͬˮһӣûз϶ûиܵһʿʱľսԪЩҡΡ
ڿЩϣڱ׺ͣûϣ׺ϣ֮㻯Ϊޡ
䡭
һӵʱ䣬ڶߵĺڽҫĿ׹ʧ
һ̣еʿоԼĶ伸ʧϣ׵ʧһɲǣǰһƬڣʲôҲ
Ϣʱ䣬˲ŻָӾҲ޺ӵĳˢ
ûҲûϡ


1097 ϳ
˵Ŀⲻɻվҹδϡ
ֳ˿Ц
ʱλϲ˾ҹδ룿
Ǹܣɷ֮ʥܹ˭ܹ
ؼǣҹδҲֻǸıòûиıģûиıϢ֮ǰû뵽˻ɣһȻϳҹδ롣
λС㣬ⲻҪһɷ֮ʥܽ
Σհ
Ҫǳڶʧ
ҡҲ֪ãѾ֪ˣô죿
ûϳȰȥ
Ȼ޺Ӽҹδʱ˼ҿǶϡ
ôôأ
ǣ
ɷ֮ʥ϶Լ˺ܶ
ǷͷҲҪʱ䣬һͻļ㻹δͷŷʱ䡣Ҳǳƽͷɷ֮ʥͲðյԭ
վҪҹδȰȥ
ҹδ̫Ҫˡ
ҹδǰЦʶҹʦãǡܽŻĺɵϣ
ԼϳҹδҲЩΣֵվǱ˸ģҲ϶ԼõĶࡣ
Ź׵һ㲻ȱ׵㡣
ҹδһüͷŵĺɵģѵǲ׽ĺϣҪϽһ֣
϶
Ͻ٣ҹδЩ⡣
⣡ҹʦãˡŲǿϽŹ׵㹺ҹʦҲӦ֪󣬵ֻкǲģҪԴЩԴҪŹ׵һġΪʿҪԴĸۣ
еԴҪöϲܹһ
˵ʵҶ˺üԴû㹻Ĺ׵㣬λȥܹһˡ
ʹģҹδ֪Ҫһı϶ǳǳ󡣲ҹδ뵹ǷˣֻҪǿϽСڽԼҪһıû취˭Ҫأ
οҹδҲԼҪúȥһԼзǳǳŹ׵㣬ԼĹ׵㲻ˣԼҲٿ̻һı֣׬ܶܶŹ׵㡣
Լڲ׽˲ٵĺϣ֪϶áҪˣĿɲͻ磬ƽ컯ϣﹻã
˵ˡ
Ҳɽˣһӹ̵˺ϲԼܵø׼һЩԼĴĸҲӦ÷ˡⶼҪ׼ϡ
ԣᾡܵزúȥһԴ
һϣҹδûа취Ȱȥҹδ룬ֻܹҹδԣһΣգõǰ档
˱бġ
ʦ֣ǲ֮Ŀռڣģ
ԣͷײʱ򣬲ɽ磬磬ϸСѷ죬ܶĺϾͻͨЩϸСĿռѷ죬뵽ɽ硣ҲɽΪʲôкϵԭ򡣵Զ֮һƬռ֮С
ǣɽ̫ˣҪ֮Ŀռ̫̫࣬Խ뵽ɽĺϻɢȥ㶼֪ǻܲף˹ȥǧ꣬꣬˵Եɺϣ㻹ҵôƺϡǣڵռ䣬ûɽ󣬶ӵеĺҲɽӵеĺϼҪ
Ϊһ룬ռʧˡԣɽʿʱʱɽѰҺϣҲܲˡռץϣȽĺϸץ˵ĺץһգ߱ץʣº٣ѾǳѰңǸʱսĿʼ
ҹʦãǸʱͷسڣòã
ҹδûеͷתƻʵ˺ϣҲӦкܶ౦ɣ
֪̾Ϣһкܶ౦ҲرΣաҪ磬ȵù磬ǿ컯ʿҪμӵսҹʦã㻹ʦֵģʱͻȥɡ
ã
ҹδ룬Ҳûм֣Ϊһ
ʦ֣֮ͨĿռڣҪýĺץòࣿ
ʮҰɡϾʿʿ̫ˣٶĺҲץ
ˣ
ֳһ˿˷ܣǼͬʱ˴γˢĺϡ١Ҳ֪ǲΪ֮ǰϵԭĿһɨεĺϾԳǧ
ʱң˶ϲЦտÿ˵ջ񶼲Сֻˡҹδ룬ȥʵѾﵽƽޡԣ뿪޺ˡ


1098 ٶ
׼뿪ȴû뵽һŵ飬ҹδ׼һϣǿҷԡȴҹδֻڰ֣Ȼһˣϡ׷ԼٶȾȻ׷ҹδ룬ֻ㬵ط޺ƶȥ
ҹδɶУպֲͣ׽˲ٵĺϣҲ˲ٵޡԣ޿ʼǿˡ⵹Ҳνǵǿƽʵʱҹδͳܲסˡ
ڸղţһޣȻжٶһƽʵ˵ҹδֻһϵһƽ磬ٶƽʵޣֻһǾ
ҹδܹػΪͷɷ֮ķ
ǵģ
ķŷŽٶնɱһҹδϵķʣҲˣЩˡ´أ
ҹδ뿪޺ˣ
ҹδһ˾ж㼫Ϊϣ޺ӰȥǼ򰶱ƶҲ׽һЩϣͬʱҲ˼޵Ĺھ֮ҹδ޺˳
֮ҹδѰ˰֮󣬷ֻ޺ڵĺ࣬طѰôסϵĴҪȼʿٵöࡣ
Ҫ֪ռڣǼʿϵʿӿ˽ʿһܹж٣ҹδ벻֪ȴ֪Լʿʱһ춼ܹüΡֻǴҶѰҺϣڴʱΧûгֺϣҲƴɱǸȥһѰҡһкϳ֣ʿʹˡ
ȻҹδͻȻһͷѰҺϸ
ɱʿܹõǱʬ壬ܹõϵĺϣղصĸֱ
һϣʿһģϲԴȵЯԼĶС
ǣҹδ뿪ʼжˡ
տʼʱѰΪ͵ʿѰ䵥ʿÿս죬ȫߣ˱㾡ܵĲй¶ԼɱʿϢñ嶢ϣԼΧɱ
ʿһʿͨ䵥ģʮ˵Ķ顣Ǽʮˣ磬ҹδ˵Ҳһе飬ܹȫߡ
ǣˣ©ҹδɱ˰֮һƽʿɱʿĳ档
ɺϣȻƽǾͿʼ׷ɱҹδ롣ҹδ̤ǲŴΰǸƽʿҲ׼ŭǸƽʿҹδ׷ᡣÿΰ֮󣬹˶ãָǸʿѰ
ҹδ벻ûгԹǸƽ
򲻹
һƽڣȻֻƽأҲƽڣҹδڵıﵽƽԲԪҲﵽƽԲǱϾ綼ǣֻǽһУҹδˣȻٶȲߡ
ⶼߣҲװǸƽʿŭˡ
ʼʿѰҹδ룬һҹδľӵΣգÿͻᱻǸƽʿҵ֮ҹδ벻һûҵʮֵǱƣ
ҹδ֪ԼȥˣسڣԼͻٻײǧʱ⡣ʱ
ʵϣʿʿǧʱģҲѰò࣬뿪һһ£սѰҲܲˡһ棬ҲǻȥһԼ˺ϣȥչһΣٶʵˣٻսѰҺϣ°빦ȻҲ˵ģȥ˵ʿ
ҹδȥˡ
ûлԲû֪ҹδײĿռ䣬Ҳû֪ҹδˡ
ҹδȻػصδ壬ʶɨһ£ӹĸ˶ûлδġ
뵽ԼĶҹδʲôҲûиɣ㷢ɢԼ񣬽뵽˯֮СսƷûȥ鿴
һ˯ҹ
ҹδʱˬ
ϴһ裬һ·ָԼŪһٷԣһ裬ϲ̵ؿʼ鿴ԼսƷ
սƷ֡
һǺϣһޡ
ֻ޵ʿֱЧ޵ʿûá
ܳԣζܲã̲صҲաⲻ˵޵ûˣҷǳá
ʲôô



1099 ƷԪ
޵Ūˣ񵽵øֲҩȵȣƷϵ
ȻҪԼıڡ
ȥɣ
ҹδ뿪ʼȥܹջǧ˰ʮ޵Ȼ޵ӡЩ޵ʬ뵽ڡ
ıһӵйڶӵħӵĲӵз֮㣬͵߲㣬ӵӵϡԣ׼ǧʬֱ㡣
ǧʶʬ飬ڱ㣬Ȼһ淭㽫ЩѪ˵¡
ҹδ۾ϸϸĸ֪Ȼʼһ˿˿仯ʵõһһ˿˿
ӱ˳սʶʼԼջĺϡ
ɳ࣬ﵽʮ࣬Ǻɳϣʮ࣬ɻϣʮһ࣬ϣࡣϣ࣬ϣһࡣֻһǧʮơ
ջ
ҹδȡһƺɳϷ£ҪԺϵЧȻ;òˡ
һƺɳϵЧֻһʱҲǺǰٱԣֻжʮȻҲһʱڿһϣԹ˴䲻سһ̲ˣ;Щ
˿ʮɳҲ
ȡһƺɳϷ£Чʱһ죬ʮֿʼԺɻϣЧʱ죬Чʮϳʱʮ죬԰ʮûȥԺϺͺϣЧѾ֪ˡϳЧһ£԰ٱϳʱһ꣬Զٱԣֱӷһƺϡ
Чʱò֪ȴٱʱͲôˣֱͷԷ籩ﵽ˷ĳ̶ȡ
·һ̣
һ
ƺϵİ£ҹδԪϴﵽһٶʮҲϿһٶʮ˲䣬ԪƷ˼Ʒ
ƷԪ
ҹδ۾ʱֺϵЧڡ
΢˼һ£׼ˣȻ뿴ϣԼԪƷʻ᲻Ҫͻ硣
ͻҪΪӴŨԪ֮صģҹδ콾ҪĸࡣΪŴ󳬼ŵĳܵصġֻҪ㹻Ź׵㣬һжû⡣Ҽû㹻Ź׵Ҳû⡣ֻҪ֤ԼҪͻ磬ͿǷšǵͻ֮Ż᲻ϵظ´ծ
ҹδȻǷţڵŹ׵㳬ʮڡ
ԣֱȥؾ
صʿһ컯ƽʱҲûʲô¶Ԫҹδ뵹۾һ
ҹδڳڵĵλ⡣
ԺϵԲΪΪƷϣռһɽ塣
ڵĵжҹδĿҲܸѡ
ϰĵӣǶҹδƷʮֳݣΪҹδʸƷϡ
ϵôˣ
˼ɷ֮ʥҹδᶨ֧ߡ˵ҹδһ仰ڶʹ
ϰĵӶҹδҲ֧֣Ҳҹδ뵣Ʒû⣬ֻûзôȣĿǰҲֻ𾴣ûгݡ
ϾҹδȻҲһ֣ҲֻǴﵽʦ֮ĴС
ϰĵҲ֧ҹδ룬Ҳҹδ뵣Ʒû⣬ǶҹδӡҪʿҪһ㣬ϾҹδȻҲʦȴûиһ֡
ĵЩˡ
뵱ҹδ뱻¶츳òã
ڣֻһɵʦ
ǶҹδԹҲΡԣǶҹδ뵣ƷЩνǵ˼Χ֮ڣֻҹδʲôʱܹʰģʼ
ЩʿǳڵǸһʿĵУ󲿷ֶҹδ붼ǲҹδġ
ҹδƾʲôƷϣ
ֻһϵƾһɷ֮ʥ
ⲻϹ
ʵϣҲΪҹδɷ֮ʥؼʥϣҹδǴʦҲᵱϳϣƷ϶ܡ
ڴûгֹʥֺŵʿҲʹûƾķ渨γϵġʲô磬ʲôεĳϡϵֻܹǵӣҹδǳڶһݣɽһݡϾֺͳƽɲǺϵ
õӲԹ
ҼŵĵӶ
ǳײҹδĹ۵أ
Ҳǲͬģ


1100 ͻ
Ʒײ㣬ײʿ磬뵱ɵƷԹҹδ룬ҪҹδյԼӪҹδΪһĿܡûгɹְҹδŪ˶ԴΪѵ
ԣЩƷϵǸӵġȻ֪ҹδɷ֮ʥһжôҪΪԼ˰ҹδ룬ЩǲϣҹδΪƷϵģ϶ǡ
ƷƷϲ֧ͬҹδģ磬۽˺ܶࡣƷϣ˵ʵǶѾҹδ뵱һˡرҹδȺ¶Ͳ츳ⶼҪչЩ컯ʿڳˡ
ΪǵʮСʿֻɷĴоͻóڵۺʵһء
Ŵǿľ̫ڣںڡǿܹŵģźͳھ˷ֻ֮Ҫŷչ꣬žܹȵĵλá˵̫Ҫˡ
ԣҹδ룬Цһ仨Сδ밡Ҫͻư
ʦ壬ͻơ
Ŷ
ЦøӲˡΪһ컯һͷܹڣû£ԾЩʿ죬ȹĵʱ䡣ԣЩ˵˼˽⡣ʱҲţҹδӦȰЩʲôģһţҪ
ҹδˣһҪͻƣá
̫ˣȥɣȥɡ
־ƾվһŻȥɡ
ҹδٴʩȻһŻ룬ҲʧŻڣǸŻһ£Ҳʧڿռ䡣
ҹδ벢֪Ҳˣһؾ͸оؾڵԪʮֵŨŨʮǰߵʱиǾȣΪԽǰߣԪԽŨ
ǴŰ
ⲻҹδ̾иȸԾҲӵذġ
Ҫͻ磬Ǳڵ磬Ҫ磬ҪԪԪֱӰ쵽ӳ̶ȡؾȫҹδĺ֮ǡǴŵĵ̡
ҹδ뿪ʼӿٶؾӶȥڼҲ˼ʿѰͻơҹδ·ʱ򣬹۲һ£Ӧöڳͻ磬ʶģǵһʿе
ʱɫЩ仯ˣҹδǲģҪΪҹδ뻤ôһɷ֮ʥΪͻƵʱˣˣⶼǲܳܵĴǣҹδѾԪʮŨĵطŨ̶ȣȫһϵʿܹܵġҹδ뻹룬Ȼؿҹδ뵽˰ٱŨĵطԪŨĳ̶ȣ컯δܹܵסˡһطͻƣ̫Σˡ
ǡҹδıԪﵽƽľ硣ǶҹδͻƱž޴ĺôͻƵĸףҾҲȶǿ

ȻͿҹδһֱǰߣǰߣ뻽סҹδˣǿҹδǽýĲͲģ㰴µǵģҹδ롣ͬʱиֳһͷ
ҹδıԪﵽƽĳ̶ȣһôĴڡҶͻżĺô
ͻƿ϶ܹͻƵģͿҹδɷ֮ʥԣһؿ϶û⡣ٿڽ뵽ȣͻˮɵ⡣ˣҹδͻ֮ʵǿһ棬һͻƣΪĻ̫ˡ
Ըˣ
ĻھͻٴγһδĶֵ̣컯˵ƽû⡣ͿǲԼˡ
ȻͿҹδһֱߵƽʿо޴ĵطͣûһʿˡҹδվһ⡣Ȼϥ£ͲˡԶԶعۿţһĶ
ʱҹδڵԼ״̬ԼʱԼ״̬ĳ̶ȡȻ㿪ʼ׼硣
̶Ѿġ
һǽԪת֮С
ףҹδһԪʹӵվ̧һʧʶУ뵽˵֮С
ڶǽתɽӡ
ҹδڵʼŵȻһӾȫ뵽֮ڣĶҹδ򡣴ʱľǵġûнֻڵĵͿʼٶȡ
ΪҹδҪԼԼ޵ķҲ뵽֮С


1101 
һ죬죬졭
һ££¡
ѾԪΪķԲһףʱٶһνֹ͡ȥ˰£뵽ԪڡɻԪ뵽ԪأӦҹδĵط
ͻḶ́ｫһ޶Ḷ́ͨ£Ҫһ굽ʱ䡣ΪҪ￪һϣӦࡣǣҹδѾ￪һϡʱҹδҲЩ֪ԼǲǾ൱ϣ߻ҪԱٿһϡ
ˡ
漴ͷһӾ뵽Ǹ֮УȻҹδֵˡĿǰ״ϾϡǺԣԼϵķʽ͹̣ǺͿϵķʽ͹ǲͬġ
ôӣһ
ԼϣִʱԼϣȴϵ̺ܿ죬ʱ䣬һԲ㣬Բڰɫͬһ̫ȻԲ滹ǵ㣬ͬǡ
ǽ֣
ҹδ֪ʱԼѾȫͻƵһ룬ھҪԼϵӹעԪ̱֮ǼӵĹ̡
ԪڵԪ֮ʼڹעһ߹עҹδһ߸֪֪ǽɼžؿʼһɶ·
Զ΢£Ѿĸˣҹδûг⣬ǲˡڵҹδӦڿϰɣ
ʱҪһ굽ʱ䣬Լ뿪Ǽ
ȡһƣƱؾ࣬ʶ̽룬ֲûʿǰؾ￴ҹδ롣
ţ
ȻһؾŨԪʱʼٵķҹδ룬ЩԪҹδӿ˹ȥӿ뵽ҹδڡȻվ
ôܣ
״ֻһͣǾҹδ뼤˽֣ʼԪע֣ýĽ硣
ⲻܰҲҪһʱ䣬Ŷã
ʱҹδѾҪֹעԪ֮ˣѾ׼ȻͿʼԪ̣Ҫҹδ벻ϵԪȻת죬ڰˣתԪ
ͶʿҪˡ
ʿ츳ʿĹȵȣΪ㽫ԪתԪٶȲͻӰ쵽磬ҲӰ쵽δٶȡ
ǣҹδ츳ǼƷһ̣ӵԪڰˣתɾԪȻע뵽У뵽֮Уʼ׳֡
ڵĿռ俪ʼ˱仯ʼתҹ棬ȻԪڵһһͶӰڽ֮ڣǽ֮ڵĿռһſǳȻתɽľ飬ˡ
һжҹδͷɣʵǻӰҹδͷ𣬵Ӱȴʮֵʵ
һ̣ҹδͻˡ
ԪڷعעҹδĽֿʼͷųһ⣬ɹͬһ֣棬ȻԪĹעֿʼţŹֵţڵĸֻӰҲ˹֮ڡ
ˣǽ־ͬһԭ㣬ڵ磬һ硣
ÿ˵ǲͬġ
Ҫÿ˵ĵжΪʲôҶҪõĹƷߵԪ񣬻Ϊ˿һĵģ
ǵĵĴСͽʲôϵ
ϵǳܡ
ľʮأԪռݵģֲҼ֮󣬱γһ磬Ǹ֣ţÿһɣһءһʿĵСȻ״ﵽʮءʿͻƽˡͬ磬ȴֵĿʿĶ֣ʿ֮Ϊ硣
ǣĿʿÿһأ縲ǵĿռҪܶ࣬ȻͼࡣԣǿٶȻȴͻƽǱ
ȻĹУʿҪϵڽڹעԼĽںͽһԽʵԽǿٶҲԽ졣飬ҪԪɡ
ҹδڵ״ǣ羳ûСΪıԪƽԲԶԶ磬ԪҲԲҲ˵ֻҪҹδԸ⣬һֱչأΪԲ

Ȼǣ
Ϊʿһͻ֮󣬺϶ȻһʵķԾʱʿ֮ǰͻ֮һ죬ʿͻ֮һµ򡣱ҹδ룬֮ǰһֱʮѵһԪҲǸһĨɫĹͻȻˡ֮ǰֻǶһԪһЩƤë򣬵ȴ·𿴵һԪĴţֻ˲䣬ͳ֮С


1102 
ͻˣ
Զֳ֮ɫҹδչصڣʱ䣬ͻˡ֮ôȷΪ֪˴ҹδֳϢ
ЩģҹδΪһ硣
ôͻƣʲô
һȥҹδϢһأͲˡͻǺܿġȻһ磬ҲڼʱھͻƵءΪ磬ΪĺԪȷԭԪٶԽ
ǣҹδ벻ͬ
ҹδյԪٶȣֱͬӵһ㡣ٶȣ˵ҹδͻƿʼѾȥһˣ죬ҲһͻƵˡҹδһءһܹҹδһǿ磬һһǿ
ɿʼԼʱͷЩˣҪϸ䡣뵱һͻƵأʱ䣬ͻƵҲңͻƵأҲҡǴͻƵأԼȴʱ䣬ԼͻƵأҲͻƵؿǧꡣ
Ϊͻ֮ǰԪѾﵽ۷壬ܹÿһͻƵƵʡȴ˴ͻƵꡣȻԽԽͻƵڵĹؿǧꡣ
ǣڣÿһС׵ͻҲꡣҲһ콾ͻһСףڳǾ˺䶯ܹճɾ컯ˣôͨ
ǣȴΪҹδ𾪡ΪҹδԪÿһϢҪʱ򣬸ֱ̫߳࣬ʮҡٶȣҹδǴԼңܹͻأ
ȻҹδԪﵽأΪҹδﲻ
ʵϣºҹδ벢ûͻƵأ͸ˡ
ζʲô
ζҹδĵҪ󣬷ԪӦͻˡ
һ
˺ü죬ƽһ¾͸ȤˣҪҹδԼǿ٣
ȻַͨƫģƫҲܴ
ʱһιȥһ롣
ҹδϵϢһͻƵء
³һ𾪣Ľһ㼵ʡ
ԪҹδʵӦҲ˵ͬİҹδܹ˵ҹδϾѹ
֪ܹͻƵʲô磿
һνʱ䣬ҹδΪѾԲ磬ҹδͣһԱﵽŽ׶ΡҲ
ҹδܼ֮ͣͻƣһ⣬ԼһԪ֮һָоԼӦýٸΪ֣һԪһԪӦҪǿ󡣶ָھ͵ʱ򾳽ԽߣԼԽͣǸʱ򣬼ԼһԪҲһԪ
룬Լͻ֮ǰһԪСɾ硣ǸʱҲԼͻڣûʲôˡ
ɣ
ҹδվ׼뿪ǰ֮Ŀռ䣬ͨսȥԼﵽʵҲͨսʵԼľ硣
ҹδϢһ̣֪ҹδҪˡѾȻȥʱڷоЦ⡣
ֳһ
һҲǿڡʡ
Լ˽ʮʱ䣬ͻƵԲ˽ʱ䡣˵һ굽֮䣬źܴĿͻڡ
ҹδ벻֪Щֻ֪ˣһʲôϵ⡣ҹδȻµ⣬Ȼ뿪
ҹδûٶȽռ䣬ǷԼɽ塣ʶһɨӹ̵ûлѾ֪ռΣգҲΪǵġ΢΢̾ϢһԸĸܹƽɡ
ʿˣҪ
Ҳⲻϵˡ
صԼĶϴһϢһҹſʼԼΪ״
Բ
ڵĽѾԭˡ

տʼʱǰԼһķġԣĽҹǳеĻͬɽһ㡣ֻɽʵĽ顣


1103 벽컯
ҹδͻ֮һӾȫϽ뵽֮УһԪͻµһԪԭ㡣ԣڵѾһЩ仯
ڽĻӰûʲô仯Ҳ˵ǹֽڵһжûʲô仯ƽʱ룬ڽ֮С仯ڽ֮ڡڽ֮ڣһżΪϸСȳҪϸСǧĿǾһԪҲ֮Ϊԭʼ
ֱԭʼҪȽС̫࣬С򱶡ҹδȴܹ֪ȵҪĽ̫ࡣ
һָоͬһӣڽֵ֮һӡӻѽֵ֣һ죬ֻʧԭʼӻΪԼ½֡
֪ǻһʲôĽзǳڴ
Ҳ֪ʮֲס
ΪֻǶԭʼ򵽸ոţҪСɣ¶Ϊλ
ⲻҪԼˡԼ
ʵϣؾнչسв̫еסҪսһһͬУҪһ£ԭʼǷ壿
Լͻƣ᲻Ӱ쵽ԭʼ
˵ԼͻƵڣ᲻Ӱ쵽ԭʼǿٳɳ
Ӱ죬Ҫѡˡ
ѡ죬֮ǰԼٶȣϵͻơѡԭʼôԼûнԭʼСɣ޷ͻڵġһԼͻٶȻǳĻĻ
Ҳ飬Ҳ˵飬ǾԼԪٴˡ֮ǰûͻʱԪͿԲٽһȻҲûͻƣȴظ֪ԼԪ޴˿ռ䡣Լˡ
̽һУҹδ߳˶ϹתһȦȻıòһȺɢУٴͨ뵽ռ䡣
Ȼ󡭡
ߵǣһ£ֱǸƽʿҵˡû뵽ȥ꣬ƽ廹ҹδӭȥ˲˾ʹ÷һʱ֮侹Ȼֲʤ
ܲҵǣûʿһʿ
벽컯
Ѿһ˿컯֮ĴʿһҹδĻ˹
ӣ
ҹδ˲両ֳͷһƸкԶľ룬͸оԼܵв
ԼԵסһƣ
ʱͱʲôˣԼһֲûӹǾӡ
һǴùʹ򣬴򲻹ӡûʲôȻŸҪֻҪţ޿ܡ
ԣ̵ͷóԼļٶȣֱųķȥ
Ȼ͸оһȵԼоһֻϵʶ
ûк컯ֵ֣ĵ߾Ҳֻƽ硣һ֪컯ܣɵֵ
ֻһܹӳһƣһʵˣԼˡ
һָоԼٶȲܿһƣ
ô죿
һ˿컯֮ʿûʲôʽǿͨһƣһȭһʲôģǾ⼫Ϊͨһʽȴ̲˶Դ⣬Ю˴ơ
ʵϣڵҹδ룬ǣǽѾ֮߳ǰ֮ǰʲôǽĻȵȣʽԼʽͨǣǽѾˣѾעԼڴ⣬һ̳Ѿ˴˳Ρ
ԣֹ֪ĻԺͿԡ
ԣʹ̤ǲҲ޷ͶԷһƵٶȡ
Ҫˣ
ӣҲӡ
ӣǾˡ
ĺ󱳿ʼоȣһƴĴ⣬⣬ıԴ⡣
ҹδĿʼƶԼӲԼٿ죬Ҳ첻ԷıԴ⡣ǱԴԼϣֻʱ⡣
ˣ컯͸ӣҲǺͶԷʵ൱컯ãҲΨһİ취Ӳա
ӲѰߵϣ
ҹδһԭʼеһĨɫеɫʼ𵴣ǣǽ˳ȥ
ҹδҲǱƵڵûа취ֻӲաӲˣǾ;ˡӲܹһ˿ĻᣬǾͻˡǲӲգǱɡ
һǣǽ̳֮ҹδͽŲ̤ǲóٶȣųķͬһӶȥ
䡭
ǣǽͺһײһֻƱ飬ǴĴָȴãͬһҹδ׷˹
䡭
ǸĴָҹδͷŵĻϣĻͬһˣȻҹδϣҹδͬһһ㣬˳ȥ


1104 
ҹδĻ˲䣬ͷų磬ǽ̫ͬһҹδ룬ͬʱٵתжȥһһ
ҹδʱٶȱԼʹ̤ǲ죬һָȥͬһ㣬ͿĦ˻棬ѪΪʹɫȴ¶һ˿ϲɫ
Լû
ûлᣡ
ʱҹδлỽͷʱûС
ֻҪԼ뵽ܵĻʹ
Ǹ벽컯ƮƮ׷ҹδֳһ˿졣ǰǸʿֻһڣȻܹסԼһ
Ȼ֪ζʲô
Լһƿ̲һ⣬ҲԼһ⣬Ѱٵ컯һ˿Լ̤˰벽컯ԷһܹסԼȻûȫסҲס˴룬˵ʲô
˵ԷҲ⡣
Ϊֵֻܹ⡣
ƾʲô
ֻһ磡
ŭˣճȭͷһȭ˳ȥȻɫһ㶣ҹδʧˣгһȻԳҹδ屶ٶȼȥ
ǵ˰벽컯磬Ͼʶж죬ж졣ʶѾһȭɿ׷
䡭
һȭϣԸӿٵٶȱˣ죬ҹδĶ
δ룬Ҷסˣ
ռڵҹδоһסǾˡԼкԶľأᱻǸʿһȭһȭظġҹδһŭˡ
ԼܹסǸʿһƣᵲס
ıǱԼӲˣҹδԲȻҹδ͸оһ֪Ǹ벽컯ֹһȭ
δ룬Ķסˡ¡
ҹδ֪һЩɫҲѣܹסǸʿĹҲ֪ϸ΢ˣȥδܹס
ͿӣصͰȫˡ
Һ»زͱˡ
ҹδͻȻһԸӦҪԼҪʲôûк
˵ɣҪʲô
ϣҺϣָܻܹ൲һ
ã
ҹδҲûģһ֣һƺɳϳռ䣬գ죺
ţ͸ɳϣϡ
ҹδôʼ֪յϸ΢˺ֻôһͱ޸ˣҲȻʳҩʼˡ
Ǹ벽컯Ѿȭ𣬷ɿӴܡǰ벽컯üͷԭһֱǺҹδ뱣žģֵԱ֤ҹδͨȴܹҹδ롣컯һᱻˣһȫľ롣
ڷ֣Լ˵ǸдʱҲ̰ǸһԼõʵ
Ȼٶȣͷͨ׷ȥһȫ׷ȻҪ죬֮ľڷɿЩˣæҹδ
δ룬Ǹ׷ˣܲ
ţ
ҹδͷųʶ۳һ۾źȥǸԳٶȣ׷˹ǣҲô׷ģٶȱޣҪ׷Ҫʱ䡣
ǣѾҹδԾˡ
⻹ֻǸ벽컯һ컯Ǻ׾ץס
ôô
ûгɳ
㻹ûгɳ˵ҹδһ㻹гɳĿռ䣿
ţ㣬ҵ޸ء
ҹδĬȻƬ̣Ѿ²⣺ҪβܹɳøһЩ
һӾ˾񣺡Һϡ
Ȼˣ
ҹδҲģҲԩͷȽһɳ˵ɣһᾡϡ
֣һسãδ룬Ҫץҡ
ҹδ͸۾ҲǸ벽컯壬ڽӽ˾֮̽һֻ֡
һֻ֣֮
ֻڿѸٵؿԽץ˹
ʱһ׷һӵƣѾռڵʿЩʿ壬Ҳ塣
ǵ۾Źˡ
Ϊǿ״һ׷ɱһ壬һ׷һ
һʿĶ
˭ﰡ
ǵǿǸɢϢһˡ


1105 תս
壬壬˭Ҳ
һ벽컯ǲʲô
Ǹ۲һ벽컯ʿ׷£ȻûбץٶȣԼõˣǶһı
ҾͿǴĺǸǸﶼû飬ݼӲҲԳ֮Ϊˡ
̫ϧˣ
ҪǸõˣ
ֻ־ѾʱǷ֮ͻȻֳһӰǸһŮޣһʰ쵵ĽʱŮ޳ֽŰ֮Ĵִ˳ȥ
ˡ
ռ𶯣ǵҰУһĨɫĹ⣬ȻǣһĪǿ̲һ⣬ֻĴֺ˹ȥ
䡭
ײ飬ֱ飬ֻֻһʳָͬһìһ㣬ҹδ뼤
ҹδʧˣһν뵽֮ڡ
䡭
Ǹָ֮ϣ˵裬Ըٶȼȥ
ʿ֨֨ĲԼҧ顣
̧ͷһ۳ķȻԶ״̬˵ıǸŮ˻ȥ
У
ɱ
ʿԼٶ˼£֮ľһտʼǧѾһǧ
һΣǴʹȫˣҲûһ˿ı̲ٶȸ죬˺֣ͬһֻĴ֣ץ˹ȥ
ʱҹδȴռ֮ڷʳһƺϣΪγ֮ǣǽһԪ˷ԾʽʳȥһƺϣٱԵ£ڷɿǣǽһԪ
δ룬ץˡ
ҹδٴ֮⣬һִֻ˹ȥ
䡭
ֱȴһָ˹ҹδ뵽ռڣܲ˵̽
䡭
Уڿռ䷭䡣
ҹδʱȴͻԵһԪһ̽뵽Сɾ磬Ҷǣǽ˽һ
ǹڿռĴԽŤԾ
Ȼûв׽ʵڵ򣬵ȴһš
䡭
Ϣ֮ڣҹδ֮⣬̳ǣǽ޴ĳѾңңɼ
ǰ벽컯ˣ֪ԼֻһĻˡһץͻӽʧȥ˲׽Ļᡣ
ң˴ӳһӰɢ컯ϢԮˡ
Ǵ˫ǰϱ籧˫Ŀŭǰ˫֮
ν컯УѾ츳ͷųκһԵͨȻһԵ⣬ԵͨٱԵܡһ˿⡣ֻոȻ󣬵ȴЩƿزã뾡Լȫʹ
֮ǰͷŵĻ⣬ƿصĺܺãͷŻͬʱַܹһͷ⣬һ˿ʱѾ˲ˡ
ҹδ˻ȥͶˡΧʿڹۿ壬Ҳ塣
ο
۲
ꡭ
ܶ˫һ˫֮еȥצͬһڿռ伱ٵػռҫѩһƬ
üţһΣضܹץҹδһס⡣ڷҪΧʿǾڵƣҲû˸ҡ
ĹǵĲǴӳڳǸ컯ԼضܹһץסȻߡ
δ룬ˣҿ϶סеš
ҹδһг㿴һԼ̫ˣʱԼңһۻûп꣬Լһ
ҹδһսʮַḻˣһ֪סܲᱻץסһץסǻһ鷳
ҲܣҪ֮ǰǸǿ˰˳ɡ֮ǰԼˮƽǵס
սеʽŶһ̳
һ̳̲СɵһԪȻǸոͻǣǽǽ˲ǺӱѣΪǹ⣬ͬһǺҫռ䣬Ŷȥ
䡭
Ǻײ˲ûǺУЮһԪĽˢ屻ѸٵطֽɢΪһ׹⣬ɢȥʱǹҲ˰˳ɣʣµȴһϣΪһڿռһԾ˿ռ䣬һɱǰ벽컯ǰ


1106 Ϸ
ǸԭǺķԼȫľͷͷ֮һ˲䣬ʱʱҲǾ޷еʱ򣬱һϮ
û뵽ģ뵽ҲԵʿԼ֣û뵽ҹδĳֻǰԣڷӦ֮£һʹ塣
ǽ̱֮Ϊǧٽ⣬ݺᡣĿڱǶѪǴͷӣٲӣͻᱻӳڳǸ컯׷ϣһӣһ˹ƳڵĽ⡣
ۡ
ǧѪѪڵǧٽҲ˳ͬһ⣬ȥʧããС
ҹδȻ˳ǱߣһӰĶ棬´ȻЦ
δ룬ǡοࣿ
ҹδ뿴ԼǰǷճ̣бΡԼֻǸıòûиıģûиıϢճ̺ԼϤġճ̹ȻϳԼɫЩڨڨ
棬ٺ١
ճΣҹδûȻо𾪡
ղſǿ׷ɱҹδһ벽컯ҹδڡ
ţδ룬ͻˣ
ţҹδͷ
Ҳ԰ճ𶯣ҹδ۷壬Էǰ벽컯̫ˡҹδ뾹Ȼܹһ벽컯׷ɱߣҾͷһ˵Ǹ벽컯
˻ҹδ벻ⷽ棬Ҳʮǰȥɡ
ҹδҲûзʵƺأȻӴҲֻпʼһ£֮ͶڰᡣͿʼһ£Ҳƺأʹ֮Ȼ֮쳣ǿ󣬵ҲǿУķҲ˳Բ
ԭ컯ʿģҹδȻȴҲһ˿ƤëҲΪƤë򼴱ƽԲıԪҲܲס
ʵʵظŽ뵽Ȼճ֪̾ͨڣ֮䣬ھͳҹδǰҹδԡѪǱģԭҪѵĻҲ˵ڣ̾Ϣһ
Ȼȥ˰ɣԺȥռ䣬в
ҹδͷڱȥҹδʧճ̱㽫ҹδķ֣˵ɫһ
ôǿ㿴ˣ
ճ̷һۣҲҺúòã
ڳƬ̣ȻЦǳڵĸְĲٳȥˡ翴ǿδҲȷʵܹԾ׶սǻ̫Σˡҹδ벻Ҳҳڽܹһ㣬㲻ܳΪɽһţҲܹɵһΣǰ
ճ̿ЦδǸӣ
룬Ҳͷۣ˵δ룬Դţŵʱ仹˵ʱ䳤ռŵʱ򣬾ͲŹһ;ǰ꣬Ҳ𷣡
ճ̽ӿڵһͷǺǡ
ǰ룺ʦܣһӽͶδ룬ٴӳڳȥ
ǲöţڳֵҪӳڳȥȻҪһأһʱʱ鿴ÿһӳڳȥˣδҪȥҲңĺϢ̫ˡ
ͺã
ǣҪסδ밡ҲҪסδ룬ҪźøУŵļңǲС
ǡܸĶˡü
㣡ճƲƲδ뽨ִУܹ͸ʮŹ׵㣬ĺʣ
ڿɬȻ֪ʣһıִиڹ׵㶼࣬ĴбҲֵʮڹ׵㡣ǣⲻĳϾʮڹ׵Ѿܶˣδôˣòˡ
ò˼δ飬ŪִаŹؾǹأŪδ¸̣Ҳ˻ᡣ
ڲɳ˼˼ճ֪аţתȥ
ҹδصδ壬һƺٱЧЧɳꡣɲ˷ˣҹδǷʳ˵˿ͿĨɢȻ㿪ʼ뵽֮С
֮ǰһս˺ܶԵŴֲҲŴԵֻҪ
һ죬죬졭
ÿ죬һ˵Ȼٴһ˿ڣ֮һԪ뵽Сɽ׶ΣڿԼͻƣȴѹţΪҪȴԼȬ˹ȥ£ҹδȬһԪ˲СĽԥǰؾٴμ۾һ
Сδ룬Ҫͻƣ


1107 ת
ţʦ壡
Сδ밡ͻ磬㽫ͻƽ컯ʱǿؾġͻִ󾳽ؿ֮ٽҪ׵ġ
й׵㣬֪Ҫ٣
ÿҪһ׵㣬Ҫã
Ҳ֪кܶ๱׵㣬ҳˣ𣿡
Ƹҿ
ҹδ뽫Ƶݸ˿Ƕɳ鴤һ¡
⹱׵̫ˣûпʿôԣһֳ֣ͨ
ȥɣȥɣ
ҹδһЦ뵽ͨεڶ·ֱȥɷɵԭλãȻϥ¡룬ȡһ컯ڵس£ȡһ޵УȻʼͻơ
ˡ
ŨԪҹδ۶ûҹδ룬ѾҹδӰҹδϢڽʼͻơͬʱ컯ʼ壬忪ʼŷתе޵ҲʼٵСҹδתڵԪԪ컯ת
ÿתһ˿ҹδһ˿ǿһ˿ҲԪٶһ˿ͻƼӿһ˿
һºҹδͻƵأ֮һת˹֮壬ǿ컯ȴûֻ꣬˺ССһ֣Ȼڼתҹδ壬ڵԪҲ֮һת˹֮塣޵ȴ˲١Ԫ뵽벽ƽĲΡ
ҹδͣͻƣ֪һԼ壬΢΢һüͷת̫ˣԼ컯ˣҲܳת컯壿
ĬĬع۲һ£üͷչתٶʵڲϵӦ¿ͷѣһͷٶȾͻ᲻ϵԼתĳ̶ԽߣתٶҲԽ졣ҹδ뾲ģٴοʼͻơ
һºҹδͻƵأٶͣĬԼ壬ֳϲĹâ
Ȼתٶˡ
Ԫתǧ֮һȻֻǧ֮һռǳ٣ҪԭǶ٣ԭֻ֮һҹδ밲ס飬ûȥתͶ뵽֮С
ֹȥ£ҹδΪأԪת˰֮һʱǿ컯ЧҲʧȥҹδ뻹ţֳԵһţóһ޵м
ֽµʱȥҹδΪԲֿסˣǶʱܹͻƵˡ鿴һԼıԪѾתʮ֮һ컯Чֲûˡ
ҹδЩƲ⣬ԼΪҪ»ҪһԪЧſά¡ȻΪʱǺϵЧڣҹδ߳˶鲽ɽ֮ϣԵ޵һգһǿգվ
ֹȥ£ʧȥЧıԪת֮һһԪͷһ
ȻԪǿԼϵġԪڣѾӵһٶʮϣϸϸӦһԪ񣬾ԪƷȴʵֻԼԪͷŵͨǿҲûбı仯Ҳ˵ҹδԪƷǼƷԪ񣬲ûƷϵ
ǾڼƷԪ֮ϣûиߵƷ
ҹδ벻֪׼ʱȥ󿴿ǣڻǼתΪ˵ĿȻס޵ǿգվ
ºıԪת̶ȴﵽǧ֮һԪϴﵽһʮһû˿ԥ˵컯ºıԪȻת̶ȴﵽ˰ٷ֮һԪϴﵽһʮŸԼԪתԼӵøסԪ񾳽Ҳͻˣﵽƽһء
⻹ʲô˵ģ
ҹδһºҹδıԪת̶Ѿﵽһɡ
Сһɣ˵ƽԲʿﲻˮƽƽԲʿܹﵽٷ֮һתǶǾš˵ոͻ컯ʿеĶﲻһɵתʡ
ҹδоڵ쳣ĸߣ֪ⲻǺϵԭ򣬻ԼתԭԼǾʲô̶ȣҹδò׼ΪڻźϡϵЧ꣬Ѿȥһ룬һ֪֮ˡ


1108 
һԼԪѾһʮһϡ
תԽߣԽҲԽסֻûԪƷϵı仯ԪľͻƣѾﵽƽء
ɣ
Ȼû޵תˣǾתԪ
ǣ֮ҹδֳͣΡ޷תΪı岻ܲסԪתҪתԪͱȽתû컯ǰ£ת壿
ҹδ벻֪
ʼԣںϵЧڣԼԺܸߣһ߸ֳԣһԡͨ췴ĳԣշֻ֣վʱǹ֮ԴﵽԼЧЧǳ΢С˵֮ǰ컯һܵĻͨǹ壬Ǿţ
ɣֻҪܹͺã
ҲҪվҹδг뵽֮С
ǲģʱʱع۲һδ壬ʱһȥһˣҹδʵʵشδϣڷˡƵز鿴ҹδ롣
˰ȥϵЧҹδҲȲ鿴ľԼı壬Ƿǳ΢СҲ⣬ԭһԵԼǰת塣ҾƲ⣬ѾʮףԼΪ컯ʼתվǹ֮ĿҲܵõһ˿ת
¿ͷѣΪԼ컯Լ˿ˣͷ·ӣǹԼıЧ
ԪľûͻƣȴǽӽƽԲ
ҹδ벻׼ȥˣصϴһȻֱҪϣƷԪ֮ϣǷиߵƷ
뵽ҹδ㿪ʼЩͳļأҪЩӼǣμǣ˵ȵȡΪͳļغ٣˲ʮʱͿ꣬ЩͳļУƷԪǼ¡ģʼЩӰ˵鼮
ڳԼпյʱ䣬ʶ鿴һҹδ룬Ȼɫһδûҹδ롣һδϣվҹδĶǰȥĽƣȻûзӦˣʧٳѾڳڡ
ʦܣδ𣿡
ճɫһ䣺δֲڶ
ڣ
ճ̵ܴƤӵ뿪ȱ𼱣ȥĶ᲻ȥ壿
ʰɣ
ںճ̴ӳڳ̿ʼϵϵĲ壬з壬壬Ȼûҵҹδ롣ļˡճ
᲻ڲ󣿡
ҲиЩȲϵˣһαѾ˲ſڡ
ز˸ովڱڰ֣ĿѰͬʱʵҹδ𣿡
Ŷˣ¥ϡ
ͬʱһճ̴˵ܴƤӵȥ
ڵҲֳЦ⣬ȥڿʲôУ
˻߽ȥճЦŴҹδҲٳȥˣϴοǲһ벽컯
ԣֳһ˿˷ܵδҪǸʱһ컯Բܹһ벽컯ʿ׷ɱߣ㵱һ㡣
˵ĺƵġ
Ǻǡӵ˷ܣһ˵ͻƵ컯ڻ᲻뵽ǰ
ֹճҡͷһɷ֮ʥʦɵʦʵϣʵϵı仯󡣡
ǰ治֪ôġ˵ܷʥľ磿
ˣܳɾһɷ֮ʥѾһʿļˡοδҲû¡˵ҹδһͻ磬ʹﵽԲ츳ľˡ
ⲻʲôҡͷһкܶͻˣںϵԲ̫ã޷ͻƣҪܳһʺԼĹһˣںϵԲǸĵһʮֻ񣬵ͻƵʱȻֱԲԺͻƵٶȾͻҲ˺ʱ֮ǰûиǧ꣬꣬ǱͻƵԲľ磬ȴǡײԵõϣ츳ԣʱʮҹڼ굽һǧ֮䣬ӦܹͻƵԲȻͻƽˡ


1109 
ǰײǧʱ⣬дʿͻƣҲдʿ
˳ĬһһȥĿѰҹδ룬ڵ㿴ҹδ룬߹ȥֳ죬ǿҹδ뾹Ȼڿ࣬ڿǺʹ˵ࡣ
δ룡
ʦ֣ôˣҹδ뿴ˣɾʵ
ߣò˵ڿʲô
ҹδһԭͻ֮ǰеһͻ֮󣬱ԼԪϣԪƷҲǺ֣Լͻ磬ֻҪԼϣԪƷɻȻûʵͻƣȴܹʵʵڵظоԪƷ
ϣҪûйⷽ
ûУ
ģҪûйⷽĴǣ翵Ĵ˵ҲСΪû·ĿʮΣյģҲʮûеģҪÿõһõġҲһ޴塣
⼸ѾЩ꣬ΪһֱûҵⷽһϢ翵Ĵ˵ʱڣвһΪŴ󳬼ŵӦúԨɣ
˵һһͻ֮ǲԪƷѾˣ
ͻ磬ԪƷѾˣԪһ̣ԪƷͶˣΪʲôôʣڲؿһЩе
ԪƷߣʲôƷ
ҹδûлش𣬶ٴʵľûԪܹ֮ƷĴ˵
ûУԣÿʿںϵԲʱ򣬶ǳĽܾãΪľһƷԪһԪƷδܹ߶Զ
ƷԪϾˣƷԪϣͻƽģƷԪпͻ컯ԣϵԲǳҪδδ룬ѵԪƷ
ǣҹδҡҡͷ룬ԼڵʵԼڳڵ壬ҪǰˣҲܾʹӿ˵һʿʶ
ǼƷԪ񡣡
ʲô˶ʶ˵һƬĿ⣬ںճҲӦ˹ĿһᣬЩʿջĿ⡣ڵϻ𾪵ɫһ
ﲻ˵ĵطߣ
ҹδ˼Ҵҵ߳˲һȺ𾪵ˣ֪ʲôʧ̬
ܿ죬˾ڵĶڻȻڶڣڱ㼱ɴ˵
ǿԪ𣿡
У
ҹδͷֻǿֿԪڵϡԪԪϣҹδͷϣֻɨһۣ֪ǼƷԪ
ǼƷ
ҹδԪϣͷü١
ճ㻹ʲôƷƷˡ
ûбȼƷߵƷ
ճ̷һۣʲôأ
ûУ
ճûкûУ
ҹδɫûб仯ȴЩˡԼԪ
ѵ
ѵǼƷҲи֣֮ԼԪֻΧ
ҲǣҲǣ
ҹδЩͷۣǲվǲܵģֻܹСĵȥÿһ϶Ҫϸ۲һʱ䣬һվѨϵٶȿ϶Ϊͣǵҹδ磬ȫǰڵһλģȥðա
ڼҹδûгȥҲͷҲϲضҹδʵʵţȱٺϣȥµŹ׵һҹδ֪ڵԼ͵͵ˣܹڣͷ֤ȥںճŷȥ
ҹδ뻹û͵͵ܳȥʼۿڵĹڹ鼮һֱûеʱźϣٱʱ򲻿ȥ򣬵ʲôʱ
ҹδһֱڲ󣬷ŸֹԼйصģϸϸĶ͸޹صģһߡ
һʳϣԵǺϣԵĺɳϡҲϣܹڵصõܵʱҲܹһݰա
Ҵʮȥںϵİ£ѾںԼйصĹһ飬С򣬵ҪЩȫԼ޹գʮʱҲûгɹڰһԪںϳһֶֹȡˣͽһԪ
ǵģ
ǳŽںϳһԪֻɹ΢СһԪȴŴɵľƽ
ʮʱ䣬ϵõĲֻ࣬ƣǺɳȴùˣһԻҲҹδ˵ˣǸ벽컯ȻڰǸ벽컯Ҫ׷Ҳס


1110 ɱ֮·
ҹδЩ˼ˣҪٴȥռ䣬ϾɳѾԼˣٹ죬ֻܹԺɳˡ
ʮʱ䣬ѾټҹδˡΪҹδ뱻ϴǸ벽컯ŵˣٳȥˡ֪ǣҹδδȥռ䡣ںճʮǰĲڣ֪ԼҪȥ֮ǰôˡǣıòıĺϢŻ˳ٴν뵽ռ䡣
ҹδֵúܵ͵ԼµǵõĺϣҲ֪ʱѾȥ˲ʮ꣬вٺ϶ӦñץˡԣõϵѰ취Ҫɱʿ
޵룬Ƿȥ޺ӡһ棬Ҳô׵ģ˷ʱ䣬һ棬ϻ޵ȴûãΪҪԪת컯֮ҪԼıתЧ
ԣǾɱʿΣࡣٵ壬䵥ĸãҲΪԵ͵壬֤Լ̵ܹʱڣԷɱɱ⣬ȻɨսѸȥ
ֻĶ󲢲ңײѾʮˣʿʿˣʶΣաԣ߶ɰӣЩν䵥ʿǶԼʵ㹻ġЩܵʿҲźҹδһ⡣
ҹδռĵ죬һʿһʿʮˡʱѰϣȻ󿴵ҹδ롣
Ϊ׵Ǹʿɫԥһ˲Ȼͱüᶨһƣʮʿҹδ˹Ҫɱҹδ룬ȥҹδϵĴָ
ʵϣ˫棬ͱ˴֪˶ԷΪ硣зУϢ¶ҪҲܡ
ʮ컯ڣŸϵҹδҲ컯ڣֲöԷҹΧɱҹδ롣ȥŸϵ컯Χɱҹδһ컯ڣʲôԥģ
ԣҹδͷܡǺ£Ҫ̵ʱڽʮʿҪЩֶΣ·ʿй¶Լвأһһ֮ǰְ벽컯ֱһ컯Ǿһ鷳սûжãֲòӻȥ
ʮʿҹδͷӣһ¾͸ˣҹδһ׷һ߻ȵ
ˣӲġ
ͣʵʵĵ

ҹδȴӵ·ϣɿ޵ز˽֣ѾܾûεͨˣڵΪ磬ٴβµĽ֣Ѿͬն
ಡ
ҹδӣ׷ܿʮͽ뵽ֵķΧ֮ڡ
ҹδȻתʮ巴˻ͬʱüĽʮɽкͬʱȵ

䡭
Ľֱˣֻһ˲ͽϵɱˣҲˣд󾪣ûеȵǷӦһ֮ʮɽͲһн󣬽档ݺնɱ
ʮɽΪҹδҹδһɽһ̽һץһֻ֣һ̣еʬ嶼Уս˷֮ڣ̤̤ǲѾʧ١
ҹδһ߷Уһ߽ʶ̽뵽֮ڣ΢΢ҡͷԼý֣ýʮʿûһģԼгһ顣룬ɴʵذɣЩʬ嶼˱ڡʮָУʶһɨֳ֮ɫս˷ѰĿꡣ
һҹδطУҲǹⶢʿ·ҲϡԾ˶ʮôʿѹΣ˲٣ôҵġ
һʮǰԼһνʱʱľܹϣٿڣҹδҲЩȣȥǺûУԽԽ١
һգҹδ뿴һٶƺϡƷϵͣǺɳϺͺɳϣҲʩչ㽫һٶƺսƿУԶһʿ
ʿ
ҹδʱԭûֻڷϣԲûֳϢǸʿâ˸Եз˲õ˼
ҹδ뿴һۣһڡаռѾô
忪ʼˣ
ǸʿҹδһĳЩò׼ҹδʵ㿪
ѣ¿ɷӣ
ҹδֲǲ񣬾Ǹʿһ֣һһҹδĹ۲֮УһûбƨҪɽ磬ҹδͻᷴɱռ䣬һ壬ͶһԣҹδôϢ˲šǸʿһҲһ֮ˣ֪ҹδͷϢԼǵ˼˼Ҷֻ֪ôԼٲĻ˵˼ҾһԼæҹδʩһһԲصͷˡ
ҹδҡҡͷΪΪʳ


1111 
ҹδٴζ˷Ǹʿ飬ͻȻͶɱҲû̫Ȥ㲻רȥѰʿѡһ򣬿ʼѰҺϣҲ
ɵģÿζ֣ضȫ壬һԼоûпȫ߶ԷԷһߣ㲻ᶯ֡ܿԷ
ԣһΰȥξȻû鷳ջᡣ
ЩջеĴ󲿷ֻɱʿ˵ãռеĺԽԽѰˡ
ҹδĸоиʮ꣬Ͼ͸Щʿҵòˡ˵ûˣҲĳطкܶ࣬ȴҡˣǸʱսҲҪʼˡ
뵽ҹδͻȻһ
ǱʵϺ˲úɳڣֻҪ㲻壬ͿԽǱӦҲɰɣ
Ͼײոնʮ꣬һռѰҺϣǱߵĺ˲ӦҲϽֻҪ壬Ӧܹ
ҪҪȥ翴
ûȥأ
ҹδð뷨֮бҲͲסռУҲɱ˲壬ܽ뵽ռڵʿΪͣҲǻ磬Ҳ֪ΪʲôҲתҲ˵ĻΡԣòϣð壬û⡣Ϣ
ʵϣ˲ҲϢֻӵϢʿܹͻᱻڹǣҹδⲻűǿԸıԼϢġ
ҹδҲֻ˼Ƭ̣ȥ翴ΪʱɵģʱţֵطŻԽԽ
뵽ҹδ϶˷ٶڵķȥٶȣ߸£ͣ
δ룬ˡ
ҹδñ͸Լ壬ȻŴгŶԶȥ
ҰУڻǳңԶֻܹһ㡣Χûʿ룬һҧǸķȥ
Ĺ㽥Ŵһɽֻһ룬Ҳ°ɽϲˡҹδһˣֻҪɽߣܹ뵽硣
һȺڵͻȻشӰɽ֣Ȼӭҹδҹδвһֳ֮ɫܿ죬һȺڵͷŴǼʮʿЩʿҲҹδ룬ҹδɫҲûиţҹδ

ҹδһԼαװǲûбϳ
ţ
ӿյתͷȥ˸ʿ߷Ӧռþãջ񲻴ʿҪ硣
ЩʿҲûкҹδк໥֮ĽҲ㡣Ͼһַڴĵط໥ʶϲк
ǰ˸ʿֻǿҹδһۣҹδҲһᣬɢϢԽҹδ룬ûֱɽȥҹδһ˺档
ɽţѧǰİ˸ʿͽɽʵǶȥȻ󽥽ؾɽİɽؿǰ˸ʿʧˣҹδŲҲͣȻоһˮĻһ㣬ǰľһ䡣
һƬççɽʱվһɽ֮ϡɽϥһɢȵϢʱǰ˸ǸʩҹδҲæѧǸֻǱᣬ֪һ۾ûǰ˸ɽȥҹδȻҲ˺档
߲ãͿʿɽҪռ䡣˫Ҳûн̸
ɽ£ǰ˸ڿնԶȥҹδҲѧڿնһ߷Уһ߽Ŀɨӡ
˺ܶĵͽʿڽݣҲΪһ幥ԷءҹδڽķϿշɹûȥ̽飬ûʶ̽飬һжҪСĽΪһϤ֮󣬱ضҪ鿴
ԶڽķݣҹδЩãȻ֪ԼӦȥĶ
룬ԼԶϾԼܻܿ£Զһ£ᲨʱԼǱӻҲᱻ巢֡
ȷû壬ҹδ뵽ռ䣬Զɶȥһɾһ£ٶȣ֪ɳⲻҲҹδ̾
ڳʼ²tȻ㿴һʶ۵˫ĿٴΧĿԶȻֿʮ


1112 
ҹδ벻֪ЩڵʿʲôΪҲʶȥ̽飬Էʿ߳ʶȥ̽飬Էơ
ܵ̽һ°
ҹδ㽫ĿⲻϵʮѲӣѡһԸоôĶþ岻ӶΪߵʿҲὫԼĶôһЩôǡǸǵĶӦþΪ͵ġ
ҹδǱ߷ȥȻʶϵ׹䣬Ŷ̽ȥоһɣ󷨽ƶûУӦʵǿ
ιϵ˶ǰʶ̽˶֮ڡȻڿտյģûһʿҹδ룬ҲӦȥռ䣬һ˴ţ߽˶һȦʲôջҲûСҲһЩ衣
ȥռ䣬ôΪҲǻˣΧʿ˵͵ΪҲǻ˵û磬ƽ磬컯
ٿɡ
ҹδתһȦʮתһ飬ÿڶûʿȥռˡҲϡ棬һΣֻҪʸʿ˭Ļᡣ
ʵϣʮ˴ҲźԶľ룬ÿһ֮ɸһɽ߼ɽֻҹδΪʿʲôҹδ벻ԾػһΧڡ
ȻôķΧڣҲŲΪ͵Сԣҹδ˵һֱһЩʣµʮûнȥֻʶ̽˶ڣǳʧûʲôֵҹδѹεĶʿҲϲԴЯ
ʵʿҲˣҲֻŲŻһر⡣ʿĻϲԴߡ
ǣҹδҲз֣ÿ¶һҲǣʮеˣΪ͵Ҳǻôѡһûĵط
ԣҹδ뽫Щϡ
Ǹ߶˵ԴҹδҲΪҪ磬ÿһ˿ҪԪͻƵʱҹδ벻ؾΪؾеԪΪŨ
ǳȡĶɲСϾźܶСܲܽСɱˣ̫࣬ɱ÷ѾѱСߣΪСȴǶ࣬ʮռصɼΪ
ҹδ룬ֻжˡȻȡʱ᳤ֳĶȴԺԲơʱ䳤һЩӦû⣬ôɣЩȥռʿɻˣ
˵ҹδǱ뵽£ѭŵܿҵһȻ㿪ʼΧ͸һ죬ǰʱ䣬Žȫ֮С󷨾ͬһڴʱҹδվڿڴڵλã˱ţ˿ڴڡ
ˡ
ű룬ͬһһ㣬ν˱
жǶС
ҹδͱʶӵŵӶԲصȴ
󷨣ȡҲֳֻ⶯ڷԲ֮ڣ˰ҲоھڵȣûС棬ġ
ȻӼһЩС̽ͷ̽Ե̽˹ҹδʶһֱǣǿˣҹδҲǡǷʲôǾͲˣֻŪǣܹܡʵϣŪ²ߣΪŪˣͲ֪ǣʲô¶ʿ֪̽飬ȻǾþòأͻЩʿĻɣٹ鿴ͻ᲻ܿƣԽԽ
ڣĵȼЩСҲֻԶԶؿһվҴľ롣ǶڲڣҲðٹȥ˼꣬ǧ꣬˶ǵŻ᲻ϵؽͣǲŻ׳ŵӿԣЩСһûʲô仯ʧһ뿪ˡ
ҹδ벢ûд⣬ԭع۲죬Ȼ뿪Ȼһʼ󣬳ȡڶ
ˣҹδ˽ʱ䣬ȡʮȻûзκ飬ȻԶȥ
Զǧ֮ҹδͣһïܵĴּ䣬Ȼ뵽ʮֱ𰲷ڵ嵽߲㡣ԭ͸ʮÿһʮڱڵԪŨȣѾ˳ڣҹδͻǸؾ
ⲻΪ࣬ΪҹδıҪȳؾС̫ࡣһͬһɽʮͬʮɽռ˱ռĴԼʮ֮һԪܲŨ


1113 Ϣ
ҹδٴοʼУһ·ҲʿеʿûʲôΪߵġȻΪĸ߽ʿȥռˣ϶Ÿ߽ʿ֣ҿ϶Ŵ󲿷컯ʿûȥռ䡣ԣΪ˱鷳ܹܿǾܿһжС
ʼջЩջЩõĶҰ⣬˲ĲҩͿʯȻԥ
ŷ߲ıһķĲķ
⼸ľӪȻֻбԣ˱С嵽߲˲ҩһЩ顣ǵһҩ԰˲ҩȴûĲҩҪȱڵĲҩƷ˲١
ǱϾҲż꣬ǧҩˡ֮ôҩ䣬ҹδܾûˡڵĲҩȥ㹻һŰˡܹȫɵҩܹһŰˡ
ĲҹδʲôҲûзţΪʱ׼Աġ
ԣҹδֻҪԼûеĲҩ㶼ֲ뵽С
Ͼ磬಻ͬزкܶɽûеĲҩҹδ붼Ȼֲ뵽Լıڡ
ڵĿ鰡ҹδչεķʽͱ巢ˡҹδҲСġһƬͬƷֵҲֲֻãԲƬֲߣ̫ˡ
תתƹȥʮꡣ
ҹδûʲôΣգΪû뵽һ壬һ޴󲿷ʵʿȥռˣʿ컯ʿв硣
컯ʿʿǾԲϹģڶµļΪͣһµʿԣҹδ벻ò֣Ҳڼ̵ʱڣԷնɱ¶˿ۼ
ĺ٣Сҹδ룬ֻܿѰЩնЩ˶ȥռˣڸûˣ壬ҲһЩͽ׵ʿǶ˵һһЩСҹδ˵ܼ򵥣ȫɱȻսڡרŵһĲķװЩʿʬ壬һĲķװЩڶջ
νջ񣬾ǴЩ嶴еõá
ԣ
ҹδ뿴ЩǶãܹڶУ
Ȼ˹ҲЩʹˣЩҹδͶ˵ȷʵòϣǶڵͽ׵ʿܵܵһ£Ǻöҹδ뱾߿յ˼Ͷˣѹεһëϡ
ȻյĿģҲջ񣬱Ƕ棬еУ嵽߲㣬ÿһ㶼ʮԪŨ˷ָѾҺܶĺͺ͸ֲҩʱ
ʮ꣬ҹδ뷢Լûٵõϡ
ײʱ򣬺ĵطռ䣬绯ϵʿ뵽ռ䲶׽ϡⲻζ˽綼ûкϣ㲻ܺռڵĺȣҲ١
ֻʿԼͬȥռĺϣΪ㲻ȥͻᱻԷȥԼڵĺϣ֮󣬿ȥѰҡ
ǻ᲻ᱻԼڵЩͽʿҹˣ
ͽʿ֮Ա֮ΪͽʿΪǵĸǿ϶ܹҵһЩϣҲܹҵһҡϲôңҪǿʶǿĸ֪ЩͽʿС
ǣ˭Ҳû뵽ҹδ봳磬ʶ͸֪ȻҪЩͽʿǿˡʮջǺܴ󣬱Լռеһõ˺϶˲١ؼ⻹ȥҵġ
ʮĹУҹδҲؿʼӴʿԼΪڲسһܵʿ
ʱһܵʿѾǿʿˣΪϵʿȥռ䡣
ڽӴһЩʿ֮ϲķ֣ԭҲʿֻ磬ʿƣͬɽеʿ
ЩҹδҲûдԹžУǵʿ
ʱڼҵĽսͬڵɽ磬ڽ壬ڷһҹδףΪʲô֮󣬷ôգԭҪǽ뵽ռ䣬Ҫڷߺ彻֣ʿ£ҲһЩʵܵ͵ʿ


1114 ǰ
ҹδ˼ǲȥǱ߿л彻һ£
Ȼ¶˾ģ׼ȥǱ߿
Ҳ֪һԵֺͻ⣬ԼֱߣԼݣôߣʿǶһ⣬ԣҲɰԼٶȣԭеļƻţֻѷıһ£ߵķ
·;УѰſõĶȻѹζȡһֱķǰУǺеһ޴֮ͣһѹεĵطһЩһ棬Լѹα巢֣ҲܹȷԼķ򡣸οʱܹõջѰҵһЩϡ
Ҵʮȥıڣ嵽߲㣬ÿһ㶼һԪѾŨó˻ҺճģΪŨҹδѾˡſʼڵһ㵽Ĳʵڵһ㵽㲢̫ģĵǵĲ㣬ŨԪƻķ֮һ֮󣬷ֲûƻԪŨˣǷ˵ȴǷ˵
һˣԺ󣬱㿪ʼĲڷĲҲоֻЩýȥ֮ȴܵ⼸Ӱ죬⼸ӵһӵĹɭɭڶӵħӵֻеĲ㣬ƽķ˵
Ҳ˼ּƷڵ㣬Ʒʵõ˸׽һЩԼûмǶʿΪиЧС顣
֮ˮ飬Ҳмࡣ
ζ
οڱԪŨȵ£ԽԽζʿĸЧҲԽԽǿ
ʮʱ䣬ʵҹδЩңġȻһֱСҲû뵽ôգûһ˿Σաⲻ뵽ɽӦҲˣȥһ壬£Ǹضѹε÷ʷʵģԼôʡ
ԣҹδʶһ֮󣬱ҲʼʱΪȻûͻڵһԪĽҲ󣬵ȴһ־Եջ
ˡ
񵱳һڵѾԽ۳ɸ״۳һս
ǣսʽȻǿȴ罫ϣرɽϣܡ
·;ԶҹδٶȣҲķߡ
ʵϣźԶܹսĺ͸оռĲ
ķߺܳҹδ߽ɽɽϣûʲô֮ģֱӣ彨ʲô󷨣ǷƵġǾפɽϣǾͳȥӲӲʵǿ͹ʵȥ
ҹδ뵽ʱ忪ʼɽ˫սһƬ
ҹδھɽԶֻԶԶؿţɽӦ컯ʿڵϳľԼĸǣӦҲܹ컯ʿϳݡԣóȻȥɽһ컯ϳǾһ
ԶԶʶ˫Ŀϸع۲սҪҳǸ컯ʿȻܿ
ճ䣬ֵճһֱĽȥûҵ컯ʿӰȴԲΪû컯
ΪҲû컯ֶ֣Եȵ£컯컯ȻҲˡһ컯ôʿ£޷Ѱҵ
ԣҹδҲҹȥҲһïʢĴϣ۲ս
֮ǰռУҲֻ壬ֳʿĴսڷ֮󣬵һĸоǿܷ
ǿ£еӦҲǿ򲻻磬ַȴǳ¡
Ҳıԣһɱбûͷֻ֪ɱ¾ҹδ֪岻ġ
ʱڹıԣҲʱںĶӳУռơ
ڽһ죬ûսûнΪȻҲûҹδ룬뿪лǱУҪķûȱڣԼȻǱйȥǱһ֮ˡ
ķߺܳûȱڣһïʢĴǱ档룬뵽֮ڣΪ΢Сĳϡ
뵽ȡƷĹߣʼƷ
˵ڻʲôܹ컯ôвĵƣǾǷɷ֮ʥȼķֻϲ࣬Ծݺݵһ棬ʲôشϢ֪ͨ߱ˣűֱܡ


1115 
ʱһȥҹδ뱣һŷٶȣһξһ¹ȥҹδʮŷ
δ룬
ҹδ뵱ͣڱ⣬ĿһʱŶȥͬʱ
ߣ
ҹδĿƹȥһȺԼжʮʿķ
ʱ幥壬ʮʿΪͣƽ磬µĶ磬֧ǿСͻ÷ǳ׺ݣҪ֧СӽķߣȻ忪һȱڡ
ҹδ˷ûǽϣĿǱȥмеģڴ
ʮΪĿɶ磬һ֧ʮǿСӣҹδ֧СӷǳڴڴǽһȱڣܹԴȱΪģ߳źܴĿܳ׻һεߡ
Ҳģ컯֡һ֧齫ײȱڣ컯϶̲ס
ո뵽֪һӴϢǱ𣬱һʿ˿УɢϢҹδڵϸо
һ컯
Ǹ컯ʿҲֻ˿Уȴûг֡һϣҹδѾȷҲ϶컯컯ĳֻ֣Ϊ컯Ҳ˾ԮֻСӵ׼
Ȼ׼ֻΪӭ컯ʿҹδ뵣ĵһڵ컯ͻȻ֣ͱء
ǣķϣǸ֪Ķ컯ȴû˿ĶҹδֽĿ֧Сϡ
ԣ
ҹδжȻһ
ҹδȻûвμӹɽսʵɽԺɽҲûִģսǱˣҹδ½ʱ򣬿ǲμӹιģսԣֹģսķӦ
֧Сӳ̫ˣֻԵĵֵ֧Сӳ˽֧СӺ󲿶ȫѽˡ
Ȼ֧СӸոߡʿպǵ󣬽Ǻ󲿶ӳ׸ˡһƽʿѸٵǺΧҪʮˡ
ʮˣҲ⣬ΪǶǱߵġǳɹˣ޺ˡΪǸʤĹʵˣȴûк˿ߣǾ޴ʧˡ
䡭
ս˲òңʮ¾ʿң󷽵Ĵ󲿶Ҳڲҵĺɱڵ£ӳȥˣ󲿶ûиϣһʿͼˡ
ҹδȴ΢΢̾ϢһѾʮʿΣˣϲܻˡ徿塣ڵҲܷ񣬵ǷĴ󲿶ӣȻ󳬹Сӱƽ磬Ѿ֧СӰΧڷĳֻƬ̹򣬱Ѿʿ
жʧˡ
еǸ컯̲סˣ޷ֽһֻ֣˹ȥ
䡭
ֻԪֱһ޴ȭͷ飬컯ʿڳ˳컯ʿ˲һ
ҹδһɣ컯ˣʱӦû컯ˡĿⲻٴ֧Сϡ
֧СѾһƽ磬ʵͻȻΧʿ̫ˣокܶƽ硣һ֧Сӹ¾룬񱻰˽ӡһҪģӦ׼ѸٵжǺͺϵǳΪһ֧Ĺ¾
ҹδ벻ҡҡͷûмսѸٵķӦһԤϣڿӸģӦ岻ǵһˡⲻ²ۣ֮ǰָӵ飬Ҫˡ
ʱΧɱ֧СӣҪɶɲܺϿգʿǿʿͨǵء
СһƽںΧ״֪ͻϮʧˡû˻·ͻϮʧˣûдԤڵЧˣǸķߣɱͲʧܡ
ڼȻѾɲˣҪЩ˵Ļ·ˣܹһҲǻΪƽ磬Ǳϵ£˷ΧΧľҲʮкܶǿֶǵҪǷͻȻɱǺνϡ
Ļһ棬Ҳɱ巽ıһ棬㲻ֺҲ֧Сеʿܻȥ


1116 
ֽ岻ܽܵġ
֧СӿʼҲ١ԣȻСˣǾɡ
ԣǸСеĶӳƽʿζϵ˾ǰɱ
ɱȥ
ΪǸʿʵ˵ҪķҪͣҲҪ١
ҲΪСӲɱɱ͸Σ
أ壬û壬뵽ϵĹ¾Ǹ
ҲһںõĿӣȥ
Σ
ѡ
ûУ
ͻ
ԣʶ֪ͨԼСӶԱȻǰȻͻϮͻȻᶨͻϮȷʵʮʿ⣬ʿĶݵĻҡҲݵĻңɱ˳ȥȫɱ˳ȥɱȥֻˡ
ζ磬µĲѾɱˣٴαضϣΧֲ˶ãض
䡭
ǵʿԼɣʼԱˡʿһƬҡζ˫Ŀ죬ȴҲش磬ȥ
ǵʮ׷ǲʿʧǵҰУһǽ뵽أڵڣûжٸ֡ҲţѾ˵ˣӳǵҰҪ֪׷ɱζʮ壬ƽ硣

ҹδһķȻҲأȴҹδҹδ뿴һǱ߸߿еڼе컯컯Ҳķһۣ㲻ᣬרעҹδƮȻŵʿķ׷ȥ
С
ʿǰܣϻʱصѪǵʮʿ׷ڵɽּ䣬ҹδطӣ׷ᡣ
һ׷һ̧ͷȥ΢΢üͷ
ʿܲģ˵ʱſռ䲨ǰѶԷ˦̫Զռ䲨ʧԷ¿㣬Ҳѭſռ䲨׷ϲʱصѪҲЩѪζ׷Ǻԣʿûʱ䴦˿ڡ
˫ľԽԽζϹɫԼҲܲˡҧ
ƴˣ
ƴˣҲƴ֮ġ
˱һ٣ÿҹδавʱ˫пǸһɷ֮ʥķΪֲεķͷžܹͷŵģҪʱ伤һ׷ϣһڼŷֻҪڹעһ˿ʶܹ֮ŷ
ǣŷѡģȺһʿʿսһţͷŷˡ
ԭĴ׷ȥ֮ʿʿͷŷ˲Ƿܹ˺ʿܹݵظʿʿΪԼôʱ䡣
Ѿָòҹر˷ϲϢ֪ԼȲˡȻЧãҺܿܰԼҲ뵽Σ֮УǵȲˡ
ಡ
ҹδһŷȻڵɽŲ̤ǲŵ棬ͬһһ㣬ǰ漤ȥ
ϣ
ɷ䵽˿Уʮʿ棬һƴȻܼĽ֮
һ򽣷
еʱͳһƴĽӣʮʿ籡ȥ
ǣеԶϾҹδ뻹û׷͸ЩʿӦʱ䡣ǵķӦʱҲǳĶ̡Ϊʮû뵽йǵı֡
壬ǵĵ˾ǰ壬ôдĹ
Ƕһ£򽣷ܾ޴󣬻һơ
ǿ죡
ЩһȻתͷô˲Ĺ򣬹ѾǰЩʿæڶе͵߿һƬʮͬʮеĽʯǡ
ǰʿˣֻոת׼ƴͿһŷʿȻΪ˹ӣǽӵܣԶȻ
ؿżʿӽʵ÷飬ʿҲڷصֵǱ֡
˲ľȣǷӦ˹֪ڰǡĿ·ȥΪǷſŷǴ·ȻǾͿҹδڵϷӣٶȼ죬Ѿ·壬ֱǶ
壡


1117 
ȻһӾϳʿһڣֻǲʶȻͿǸбǷӶûеǵǰʶ
Ҫֿ
ȻŮһ󣬱һ˳˲ŴȻһͬһſ˴ڣźζ˹ζɫԥһ£ûжɡֻ֮ǰǿŮ֣ͷһŷ˾ͽ뵽һİĿռ䡣
䡭
ҹδĵڶŷҲһ򽣷ʿȥǰ򽣷л塣ҹδͷŷ֮󣬿Ҳ̽뵽ռڣȥֻգ֮䣬ʧټ
ҹδʿǰζɲҹδ룬ǰ˸ƽ־ǣֵøжأҹδ빰Ϊ
ζλȱλգγƺ
ҹδ룡ҹδ빰ֻ
ζٴιΪ񣺡лȣ
ҹδֵ壬Ӧ
ζܿһֳۣ֮ɫѣһռǶ
ҹδ뺬ЦɲһռĹЧȿ졣
ҹδ룬ǳ˲ٺԪôĺɳϣˣڵٶӦһǱ
컯£Ӧ׷ġ
ζɫһϲ׷ǵʿΪǿҲƽ硣˿Ӧܹʿ׷ɱ뵽ʣԼˣɫֳݡ̾Ϣһҹδ
ҹѣǸʿ
䣿
ҹδɫһ㣬ߵûţԲƴڵ
ҹδûԼݣҡͷҲⷽˡ
ζɫһ㣬̶ϲɽеʿ
֪ɽ磿ҹδɫһϲ
ţǲ峤ǵɽ䵽ⷽġ峤˵ɽǱߵ磬ֻսֽ֮ɽ˻ȥŲɽɢ硣ֹ
ô죿
ûУҹδҡͷʿռѰҺϣûбսǻġ
˵ҹδӳЩڱϢζһ㶣Ϊҹδ뵱ӳ֪÷ǳⲻҹδ뱾ϢӦһʲôܹͷųϢ
ʲô𣿡
ûУҹδҡͷ֪ζʲô˼һ͵͵ģҵŶ֪
ζоЩʧԭΪҹδǴɽǽӴ
ҹδҲʵʲô㣿ȥɽ𣿡
ζҡͷȥɽһȻǺáöɽ磬ûϾѾϰߵ硣
˵һµҹѣʲô㣿
ҹδҡͷûʲô㣬ŽһЩʶҲܾãʮҰɣҾͻ᷵ɽ硣ȾͲ˵ˣĿǰʲô㣿
ζĬȻƬ̣Ȱ׷˵ɡȻ󷽿飬Ҳ컯һֳĶ̫󣬱컯ϣҲǱɡ
ҹδ룺ӦѾЩ׷ȳȥɡ
ô죿ζȵ
ûгװѣҲܹʱѡ
ҹδһ㽫ζ˳ȥȻԼҲռ֮⣬һҹδϣ˺ζĽĿ⡣
Ȼ׷ǵʿζ˶һɨӡһƬƽԭûɽôӵĵƣһƽһصĺõطǵ࣬ԶԶܹɽĸ˶һۣȻǱ߷ȥҪһεĵطţȻļƻ
ûĸ˵ΪٶҲǼ졣ʱ䣬ĸ˾ɽ֮УûѰʲôɽȺɽ֮ġѰһ֮ľɽȥĸѡһþ޴Ĺ֦ҶïϡˣǾӸ£ԿԶԶĶ˺ѷҶ֮еǡ
ҹѣŷܹɱ壿ζʵ
ҹδҡҡͷ֪һǵһͷַܴﵽʲô̶ȡһû
ǷƷܸ߰ɣҶɱ硣
ţ
˵ûбɱʿ᲻׷
ҹδһ㣬һµҼһٶȺͷеʱ䣬ھߣЩҲǡߣռ䲨ʧûô죬ƽʿӦûܹ׽΢СĿռ䲨Ӧÿҵǻʱ䣬ûô졣ߣҲü


1118 
ζתת׷ǵƽ磬Ÿ磬类ķɱˣǷɱ٣ɱƽ𣿡
һǲ֪ҲǵһͷַȻִܣ֪򽣷ǰлӦܹɱ١˵ƽҲܹɱһεѣʲô˼
ζ˼ҵ˼ǣܵĻǲǷһ¡Σ̫һŷ£¶мķǡ
ҹδεѣΣ²ܰɣԷȻҪѰҿռ䲨ضʶӳᷢǵġ
ܹ
ζȡһܹʶ̽鲻һܹΡ
ҹδɫһϲı
ٺ٣Һò׵õġҲûȱ㣬⶷һ컯ʿѷǡֻҪһܻпռ䲨Ҳܹù磬Ҫùƽѡ
Ѿû˰ҹδ˷ܵǾͶڶ£ʵûжˣǾͶŲֲַǡ뿪뿪ˡ˵ˣڣڶԷ֮ǰŴܡ׷ϵġ
ζҲǣڣЩʿͣѲĻԼۿžҪ֣ҹδԼЩܣûбΧ֮ǰߣٶȣȫû⡣
ôˡζĿɫҵļƻģǱȻͻϮһʿɱ̳֮ӡ
ҹδͷﻹмŷ
ζɫһϲûеҹδ뽫˵꣬˷ܵؿڵ
㻹У֮ǰһķ
ţҹδȡ˰ŷÿ˸ţԼŵģǶ׷ǾͰŷһȥӦܹشǡ
̫ˣζ˷ܵɱЩ壬Ҳ岻СʧΪЩʿ𡣡
ǲĶ
Ͳɡƾ¶û׷ļƻ
ã
ζǸһƵģĸ棬ĸÿ˶˫ָһŷķš
ҹδ֮ǰ򽣷ʵ϶˺ܴΪֵʵ̫ͻȻˡһţǿɷ֮ʥķܹ컯ʿ˺ķ
Ҳǵʱܶ࣬ΪҲȻæ֮£ûȫûҲ߸һƽ磬˾ʣƽ硣߸ʿζҪըˡſռ䲨׷˹ǲģġ
ǳŷǸΪû׼Լһ䲻⣬ԼⷽʧأֻҪԼ׼߸ַ֣˵ܹסߵˣ֤ԼİȫûġԼƽ磬磬Ǳֻһƽ磬ټϺسֵǸŮޣǸŮһƽ磬Ҳƽ磬žԵİɱĸ塣
ο
ǲΪҹδ뻹ֲεķУ֮ǰôˣ
ԣǾ׷ζĸˣضҪɱĸĺ󷽣Ὣ󷽽ҳɲ֪ʲôӡ
Ϊ׵Ǹƽһ߸֪΢Ŀռ䲨һ׷šΨһĵľǸŮ޼ıɵٶ̫죬Լ׷ϣȻľ̫Զռ䲨ʧˣǿɾ޷׷ˡ
ٶĿ죬߸׷˴죬˾ҹδ֮ʮҵĵطռ䲨ʧġ
ͣģȻҹδǴɵʮɽϡΪɵٶ̫죬Ի¾ҵĿռ䲨־ҵĿռ䲨ʧҪʱ䡣ҹδĸɽ壬ٶȲ죬еռ䲨ϢʱʧˡԣЩͣΪǸ֪ռ䲨ˡ
Ϊ׵Ǹʮ̶ֽСķռ䲨ʧˡ˵ǴǸеĿռгˡǻߣߵĶ⸽
ô죿һʿʵ
Ϊ׵ʿҲͷۣҹδߣĲ֪ĸ׷Ҳֿܷ׷ǵڸʿͲˡǼһ׷׷ȷķʺС
ƻ壡
һ䣬Ĳġ
ⷽԲϸѲһߣҲǾͻȥֻµͷЩ컯ǰˡ


1119 նɱ
߸ʿɫʮˣ֪ͨ󷽵Щ컯鷳һ֪ƽĲǰ׷ɱζĸˡǱض컯ʿĲûǵĺùӳԡ
ʱɽϣǿôϵҹδˣֻ߸ʿжǲһϲȻûеķҲʵʵĶأԲ˼ҿƽ磬Ǵ壬Ͳˣ
ڲͬˣзһǰţԣһ߸֣ĸ˾Ϳʼڶ¼ɷɷҪʱģЩѲҲ棬ٶҲ졣Ҳҷֿ߸廹ڿвһսһȦΧķΧɣһʶΪɨ·
ҹδĸ˶Ѿ׼еķʱܹ߸廹ûеɽ塣
ˣζĸ˸
߸ʿʼؽӽζҹδĸˣĸ˿ʼûſȥ磬ʿǺеģ֪ڿԣĸ˶ͷڶڣ˶ӿյ
ʵϣʱ߸ʿѾʼ˲٣ͬʱпʼǾҹδĸ˿϶ˡʿֲɵȻ˾룬ܹߣôܻѡصķʽ
֮ԷΪ뵽ǵ񡣵ǵõǽ֧ȫɱȴܵĺ󷽣ȥ֮ôӭ컯ķŭ
һ뵽컯ķŭ߸ж¡һʵ͵磬̲סеĻ֣̿ڵ
ĸ϶ˣǻȥô찡
죡Ϊ׵ǸƽأǸʿĻŤͷ׶غȵ߸˴ʱⶼӼһأ˼ֱһ顣
ˣ
ҹδ˶䣬Ÿ߿еӿ֮
ϣ
ҹδʶζȻ˶ĸӰſе߸ʿ˹ȥ˫̫ˣ߸ʿոշӦŷѾͷţɷ֮׸ǡ
䡭
з·һ޴һĢƣĢŸ貵˸ʱҹδĸѾɽϵĴϣζҲ˶ÿֳԴ
Դ׼أǾһʣµնɱ̾ͳߡ
ĸжһ϶ˣͿܹɱƽˡ
߸û뵽ʿû뵽廹ҷǣǳ֡Ƿ֮ʣԣֻǳʼϢʱ䣬ڰɷ֮ʥɷɱ£Ϊ촷ֽۡϳƽҲʼ䡣
Ȱŷܺľֻʣ壬嶼ûģϢѾʮûпҹδһۣԶӡ
ಡ
Ӱ׷ȥǺζҹδȴԶԶؽ˦˺棬δһӶϵĽУͱ˼飬ŵ䡣
ߣ
ҹδһͬʱսУȻԶȥζҹδ
ĸɫû˿ɣʮءζҹδ
컯ʿ𣿡
ųɻУҹδɫأôĶѾ컯֮컯ܲʲôϣһЩܹߵʱ䡣
ɱٶô
ܿ컯ģǶ˽𣿡
Щ˽⣬Ҫ˽Ǹ棿
컯컯ʿжԶǾסʲôطҪܿǵľס򡣱һͷ컯ϳ
ң
ζɫһȻҹδİ£ʶ֮̽⣬۳һֻ۾ܲ鿴Ȼָеķ
ҹѣ컯ȥĻǺûжʱ䡣
ԣԼҲֻвʱʱ䡣ԣҵ˼ǣһʱ뿪ȻϢУѰһطȻŶ֮ˡ
ζ˼Ƭ̣ͷҲֻˡ
ڷż֮컯Ⱥֳһۣ˿ռ䲨ķʧڿС
һʱ
ҹδĸ˳ڿУȻ·ȥŵ棬ںζĴ£ɶȥ
˷˴Լʱĸһϣһͷ˴ӣֱӵףǧ׹ĸص˺ӵף˺ӴڣȻζ磬ĸ˵ϡ


1120 ŵ
ˮɳܿ춷֮ϣͱɳǣȫʧ֮ǰǽڵĺۼ
һ죬죬졭
ĸ˾ǱںӴڣ˵죬ĸĵʶ
ⶼˣӦû˰ɣ
⻹ǲ컯ʿ˭ܸҲ컯²
ô죿
Ҳ֪컯ҿȷһ㣬컯һ㹻ģ˵죬꣬컯Ҳʧȥġ
ܲɣ
ʵϣûʲôҪǳȥ
ʶ
ã
ζΪߣȻ̽飬ڶڷһϣȻԴȻ̽˶Ȼ̧һʹӺӴײɳ¶˳ûʶȻ۾źȥ
ҲֻܹϣԼϵաӹ๾תȻʶ
ûз֣
ߣ
뿪ȥĶȶ򻹲
ҹѣôãʲô
ң͵͵Щû˵Ķ
û˵Ķ
밡ɽײ϶дʿȥռ䣬дʿȥǵĽˣǵĺǲŴĿն
ζ˵۾ǲǵĶкܶ౦
ɶҲûУҹδ̾ϢһƺõĶЩЯţڶڵĶһЩǿ϶òϣܵһµʿҲ󡣡
㻹һֱЩû˵Ķⲻ˷ʱ𣿡
ǣûкöǶа
£ʲô
ҹδдϲãҾ͵͵ؽµˡ
Ҳݣ
ζ˶ˣ
ж⻹˵
˵ⷽϣųɾŵģѾʿռݣ潨ǽ䡣Ҫһ̫ѣǼûпܡ

ҹδ͵
ǸҹѰܹ͵˶˵˵£
ҹδ˶٣
Ѿҹδ벻ɵٺЦŵʮɡ
˻
ζ־ˡ
ʮ
ȫֽʮʥˡľ
Ҳȥ͵
밡󷽿ʱ򡣡Ҳ˷
ҹδ뼱æˮҲҪСһЩҲ֪ôŵģɽǱߣȥռ䣬ɽĽֻġζŻŲٵĸʿں󷽡ҲˣôҲһƽ磬ʿں󷽡
Сĵ
аɣ
ڳȥ
ã
ζ˶ĸشӺӵСĴtʱûʿˮԶȥ
ĸ
ȻңĴ󷽣ȴ崳ĸһǵͽ׵ʿϣĸ󷽸飬ʧܴ
֮ûҵĸ˿ټ컯֪ĸӦһط컯Ҳʮͷۣ֮ϵʿźģĸĳطظ궼¶
Լôң
㷢󷽵ʿңҲҵ
һأңⶼҵ
οô
Ҳܲң
´Ѱĸ塣ǲҪǳֻ֣ҪҵǣȻ㱨ͿˡֻҪȷĸλãɱĸ壬ҲһƵ顣
ҹδĸ˷ǳһƽ磬磬СĽǿ¡ĺҵĸˡҹδ룬ϰߵˣǱжصľζ˶𾪡
ȻǻһƬȡ֮󣬱ԶձȡˣҲҲǵӰ
ˣĸĴת꣬ҹδıУ嵽߲һһĲҲжʮȻζֹͣ͵ΪǵĴָѾװˡʱĸ˶һɽС
ζҹδҹѣҪȥˡ
ҹδ΢΢üͷصȥǸߣǸʹȥ
ҲûȥǿǱǱߣȴᡣ
ҹδȻȥɣתתΪɽǱ߽һЩϢҲߵĵͼȫһЩ
ҹδûԣЩҹδһֱڻͼߵĵͼĵطļ䶼ᴫ͸ҹδ룬ҹδڼ¼


1121 ػǰ
ϵӡɣ㽫Ҳȥ˷ǱߣҲϵһ¡
ã
ҹδȡһհ򣬷ɿؿ̻γһϵȻͺζ໥ϵӡζҲǸɴˣ̱ǣǵķ߷ǱжȥȥıӰҹδҡҡͷûİǱеٶȣûиңǲܻصǱߵġ
Լ͵ͼɡ
ҹδӰҲ뿪ɽԼûȥǱжȥ
һȥ
ҹδ߲㱾ÿһ㶼һڣÿһҲʮһ֮Уջˡ󣬵ЩҪʿԼûˣһʲôı飿
û
ضȥĶ˵һҡ
ٺ١
ҹδҲˣ·ߡһ·Ƿɽ磬һ·ȥеǱ߿
ҹδȥǱ߿Ȼͽ뵽ռڣߵķȥռڣʼ˵þһսȻҪ׼ٶȣҲûţոʮţ
δ룬ˣ
ҹδгһïʢĴϣʱгվһ֦ϣΧïʢҶֽҶһ͸϶ȥֻصԭǸߣԼھߴԼ֮ң
ûйķߡ
ҹδⷽһ˽⣬ʵԱȣ൱ɽʵԱȡɽ磬ҪǿһЩҪһЩ磬ҪǿһЩҪһЩ
ȻѾжʮûзɽ磬ȷɽӦûйķߡûйķҲһ
֪ζûзǱߣ
Ʋ̫ܡʵɱߵġϵһ°ɡ
ҹδȡϵʶ̽롣
Ȼܿϵ˺ζҹδ뱨λãԼʱ󣬺ζȻǱ˹Ʈ֦
ҹѣ
λѣصĵطﲻԶ
ԶСһЩ巢֣û졣
Щ꣬ûҵȥķ
ûУ˵ʵ޷ɱķߡֻܹȣĽܹʹ߲ңǲпɳ֮һֱûС
˵ζ̾Ϣһķߺȡ
ҹδٴβҶ֮ȥ
ȷʵȣ
ҹδ룬ԼʮһŷҲûаܹɱߡҲҪǣﻹ컯
ֻеˡ
ԣ߻ҡ
ҹδһӣɲס
Ҳûа취ҹѣҪ𣿡
ҡҹδ룺ɡûлᣬҾͻ뿪
ǾȣӽҲͦã
ζȡǼ䶷񣬴֦ϣͬһС񣬽ĸ棬棬ȴһ˿Ӱӡڣĸڿ΢ĵ̸
һ̸ҹδȤɽ绹ŲزĲͬʯͲҩȻҲЩĲͬҹδⷽǱߣúýһرҪռһЩⷽĲҩӡ
ںϣ˵ܹԼȡͻơ
ⲻ֪Ҫȶ꣬ҹδ˷ʱ䣬Ҳûźζˣ˵ԼҪռϰ棬ˣһҹδ뻹һɵʦ̱ҹδȥϰҪ˷ʱ䡣
ҹδ뵽ռ䣬Ȼٽ뵽ڣʼ
Ѿһɵʦٽһɵʦʱ򣬿ûʲôýʡģҹδ̷ʳһƺϣԼٱ㿪ʼһ¯һ¯
ʵҪľ
һԣһ㹻ʱ
ʲôʱ
˵˾ǵɾѣΪҪϵϰÿһϰҪĲҩÿһݲҩˡҴﵽɵʦĵҩҪĲҩǰġҹδûУǲҩࡣ
Բٱǲȱҩҹδһ¯һ¯زϵƣԼһʱ䣬ҹδ㽫Լɵʦ֮ϻаʱ䣬㿪ʼɵʦľ硣ûг£ں
δ룬ˣ


1122 ս
ҹδһڳһԶߴļҵɱһ߲Ҷȥһʵ
ôˣ𣿡
ûУҵļ󣡡
ʱҹδҲ֮ߣѾɱڼҵɱֻķȴûңȻɱȴûռơ
ܵˣٵȥδĻˡζҹѣҪˣ㲻룬߷ɽ硣
ҹδͷҲûбҪٵȣٵҲδεĺûᣬȡŸÿһš۾һӹ˷Ϳʼעʶͬʱζ
Ϣ֮ĸ˶еķһ˿Ȼһ£ζһ
ߣ
ಡ
ӰʹӴϳ˳ȥķ߳ȥ
׵ľ룬ĸʿ˵ǲϢʱ䣬ϵ嶼Ǳǣûзǣͱĸ˷ߡ
ȱӳ˷򽣷һӣǵڽ֮ǰʿɱɲ֫⡣ҹδĸ˾͸˽ӵĺ棬ǰȥһ򽣷֮ռ˵ڶ򽣷ȻǺζĵţҹδĵš
򽣷ͷųȥҹδĸ˶ûг֣ʿϡܶʿʶζˣɼغ
ʦ֣û
ˣ
ڵ˵һЩƣΪĸ˼ŷĺ󷽹ᴩһͨ˳ͨɱ˹
ͨ˵ʵխɷ֮ʥ򽣷ᴩһǧ׵ͨǺսǾһСڵģҪѸٵռСȻСΪ㣬չЩҲҪռСȻסȴʿԴԴϵظȻٿʼչλķ
ԣսһӾͼ
ŷᴩԼǧ׵ͨ־룬ҪǷκһʿҲһȥˡᣬҲᡣֻһƣռͨһˣһ˵嶼򽣷ɱˡԣƽһξ롣ǵǶƽǧңʿͷɱˣʿûԸԳռܹͨռͨǾǽг롣ȴʣǧңǧҵУγ˽ɱľ棬ΪһҵĽⳡ
ʱû˽ҹδ룬ζ˽ҹδ룬ҵĽɱС
Ҳҹδ벻ˣûôǿңҲɱȴûôңк侲һ磬սϣ϶ǱԱԽĶҲ硣ûбԼǿʵһѹƶǸ壬һĴt
ɱӰ̫ܼˣĿӰڱӾ㽫ʶ˳ȥȻüͷ΢΢
ֹۣڵʿս߻ۣܶʿۣǸҲۣһսĿʤΪ˽˫ʵԱȡǿŶơΨһƣڵܲܽи롣
ѾΪ˫һսߣʱ˫ʿѾҵ˼㡣
Լɣ
ҹδջʶ˶Ǹһۣеʽһ̳̲ǿհǶʿ㱻˹ƣȻǿ壬強ѹĥ촷ۡ
ҹδĿһڣǸʿʱնɱĶ磬ҲͬҹδһĿɨѰԼĶ֡ȻҹδĿѰҶֵĹУвûţնɱΪµʿȻ߾ڿͬѰҵĿͻ˲ŶԷ˻˹ȥ
ҪֻˣҲһ˲ܹӽ顣֮䣬׵ľڣʱɱʿ壬Ҳ塣ԣͷͨԼһɱҴʱҲܷɣΪϿҲۼһʿɱԣֻлű˴ͻͻĹУָɵһʿҹδɵʿԷɵʿ
ھûƽ磬ʿ
ûУ
Ͳ˵ƽˣ˵ʿҲô࣬ôܾһ𣬴ҶŲľ롣Ϊʲôž룿
⻹


1123 նƽ
̫¶ԷͻȻɱһ磬ԣսһ˲䣬˫ĸֶʶؽԼһ԰ȫľ룬ʿıܡ
ţ
ڷͻҹδͻȻ̧ͷʵ϶ǸҲ̧ͷΪǵϷһĲҽУĺһƽʿ䣬ơ
һƽʿ̲ص֪һڵԪʶأʵϲʲô㼶ʿ֮󣬶ὫһءֻǱĲ㼶Сƽƾʹˡԣһƽʿ֣սϴʿĿ⡣
ʿ壬ϲֳ˱֮ɫֳϲ֮ɫ
ƽʿѾǶʿˡ
ϣֻ컯ʿһ壬һ壬ʱڸ߿֮ɱԣƽʿսϵĶ롣һƽʿӪƴ̫ˡ
ôһ˲䣬ʿ䣬ȴȻ
ҹδ۾һУһӴָȡһƷɽУǣǽֵʽѾһ̳ǣǽ
߿еһƽ۷壬ʱɱƽ磬ʵҲܴ󣬵ǴʱȴʮֵĿܣĿɨȥȻȻ͸оëоԼһǿʿˡ
һ̳ʱǳãƽնɱ֣ܵһ˲䣬Ҳ֪ԼΧûƽ磬һ˲ֳһ˿ɡһ˿ɣڸоΣ֮󣬱֪ԼҪѾˡ
ֻӲ
һ£ԼͿԺͶԷ˾롣
ˡ
ֳ֣ͬʱеĳǣǽķ˹Ȼûü˭ͻϮȴ֪ܵͻϮķ򡣳Ҳ׼ӭǣǽķ
䡭
޴ƥĵ⾫׼ؽסǣǽǲִ֮µأԭܾͲ˺ܶࡣҴʱľ޴֮ʱܻ۷֮ʱɡƥһĵͱǵ㣬ֻͬ裬ҹδǣǽϣķַĦǷֱ˲һ˿˿ѷ죬ǣǽһ˿˿ѷ˽ȥ塣ڱըͬһ汬ըǧǳײ
顭
ǸƽըĿ׶ͬһ˼ʮˮʮѪ˳
ǣƽʿǿģˣҲû䡣еĿ־Ѿɥߡ
ƺأʵ϶һƽʿ˵ЩƲأһҪԶݡ
ǡȻûгɹ
ҹδһսνḻڴ̳ǣǽ֮󣬱̴̳ڵɲˣǽ硣
ͨ޷ӣǣǽոձҲ͵ˣƽȴԼû뿪ԭأôһ˲ʱ䣬ڶǣǽѾ˳ֿٵĹǸƽӦӲϾؼǷԭΪԼܹԶݣʵȴطûжһ£ˣԵڶ׼ˡ
ΪԶݲɹûзӦΧǿԼеΣžҹδ벻Զʮҹδ뷢ͨл硣û˺ҹδ룬ֻܹһҹδ룬ԼҴߣǳɹ
䡭
ʮͨҹδӶʱһֱеƷɽʮʿ˳ȥ
󡭡
顭
ǱƷɽˣϰٿƬÿһƬǳ⣬ͬһƬǼʮʿȥͬʱҹδѾ۽ǸƽʿԶڶǣǽѾǸʿ
̶̵ҲǲϢʱ䣬ӿʼĵһʼƽΪոնɱһƽ磬֮£ʹԼӦһȻһÿһӦƺҹδԤȣڶǣǽͷ֮һѾȥ˰ҹδѾ۽ǰʽһ
ۡ
ͷűʳƬҹδһ䣬ս˴ָ֮С
ʿǰ֮ҹδûаɣգߵб·һ޴̫ͼǹͨǣȻʹЩʿͷŵͨ໥ײз·ͻȻͷһƬ̻
սϵʿһ


1124 ս
ҪһƽɱǸƽ磬˫𾪡ؼҹδ벻һƽ磬ֻһ磬һֻһڡӲɱһƽ۷û˿֮
֮ʿǣոհʿ˲䡣
ȣ
һȣһƽڵһȭһƽڣȻҹδ˹Ǹ˵ƽɫһҪʿԼȻҹδɱˣԼɾͶˣԲƽ翿ҹδ롣
ĺҹδǿҲֻһڣܹնɱһĹƽ۷壬Ҳǳˮƽӣһǳ޴󡣶ԼĶ֣ǸƽڣֻҪҹδ룬һܹͨҹδУҹδûеֵԣԲƽ⿿ҹδ룬Լ뽫Էס
䡭
ƽͨ󿪣赲Լǰɿǰƽ׷˹ȥǸƽʱҲˣͨɨ赲Լǰʿҹδ˻˹ȥҹδ뺰
ܣ
ҹδ벢ûܣǴӴָȡһƷɽУӶԼƽʿȻüͷΪƽ֮仹ŲٵʿʿһԼĶ֣ǸƽӿȥҪԼΪҹδӮһ˿ߵĻᡣҹδܹ鷢
ںλÿ塣
Ȼ׷Ǹƽƽʿѣɱ
ҹδƽ֮ʿһ㣬漴Ǿҹδ롣Ȼҹδܹһɱһƽ۷塣ôһƽ磬ǰлһƽ壬δؾûնɱֵĿܡ
ಡ
һʿȥҪΪлƽսЩʿǾʿڶߣʿҲˡֻת˲䣬ҹδǸƽʿ֮ûһʿһƬ
ҹδĺǸƽúֳЦ
ң
ֻҪ۽ͨľ룬һͨͻὫﻹлҵĻ᣿
ʱ׷ƽҲˣֻǱԼٶȣǸƽ׷ȥȻҹδôˣҲ֪ҹδ벻ˡȻˣǾͱԼǿͨҹδˣԼҲҪնɱǸƽ硣
ҹδ
ˡ
ҹδ붯ˣеĳУǽȴǼز֮ȻһˡƬƽ缤ȥÿһƬǳ⡣ȻⲻŪֻһ˿컯⡣
˵ҹδ⣬ΪҲ޷ͷųܵͨΪķҲʮǿ󣬻ҹδϾ컯ͨҪ컯ı塣
ƫƫҹδֻһ磬ȴӵһɵ컯壬ܹ컯⡣
ƽ緽ֻԶԼͬ屻ҹδɱ֪ɱͬǣǽ̲컯⡣ǴʱһŸ֪һĿֲ
֪ԼСԷˣжֳһ˿֡ͬʱ֪ǸƽҲͷͨסĺ·
ƽʿǰҹδ롣ֻĻᡣƫƫһǱ˽γһƬ꣬ŲĿռ䶼ǡƵֻӲӡ
ƽĿⶸȻ
𡭡
ƽŭһһȻ䳤֣ŷ̲ǳĽƬɨȥ
䡭
һĺͬѣƽûˣ趯磬Լ겻͸棬еĽƬɡһıȴоеĳóأÿһƬƬײһγһݣڿвɵˡ
ǿ⻹ʿֳһƾ塣
ǿ
ҹδ֪Լͷųһжǿ󣬵źǣڣԷƽڣϲһ׻ࡣԼһ˿⣬ͲԷв
ﬣ
ҹδ۾ȻһǸƽʿһֻ׷ں棬ʱƽΪֵǣǽǲǰͻһڵˣƽ׷һ̳趯ĳײ
ʿΪ£ཻƽα㲻ڿеˣƽ趯ĳҲ¶˾޴ٷ겻͸Ƭһй롣
ۡ


1125 
߸ƬǸƽʿ֮УֻЩƬ˺ԽЩƬƳ⣬ƽǿǺò˼ͻָ
ǣƬڹЮڱˣ˲Ϳʼ塣
⡭
ʱҹδμѾ彩Ӳʽ˲̳ǽ
ߵһû룬Ȼ޴Ѫ˰˿飬ӿз䡣
նһƽ磡
ⲻʮϢʱ䣬Ȼƽ硣
һ壬壡
ԭƽ˲䣬ʿ䣬ҹδ˲նɱǸƽ磬ֹסʿʹʿ˫ʿû뵽ǣҹδ뾹Ȼڼ̵ʱڣնɱһƽ磬ʿԱȵıʿΪ䡣
ڿʼռϷ硣
¶˱ףûмֵһʱˡ
ҹδûٸ׷ɱվ˷ϣźһƽʿȥ̶ܵʿȥ
ںۣնɱƽʿҲǳ̷һŵҩվʼָ
һӰ£Ǻζ
лл
ζɫֿۿҹδնɱƽ磬е֪ҹδնɱƽⳡսζʲôûҹδնɱ壬岻ⳡʤ˵ҹδһⳡʤ
ҹδ뿴ԶȥʿӰܴﵽʲôЧܹɽײ𣿡
Ҳδܣһս϶Сζҡͷܿ֯ڶߣ
ζЦˣҲ㹻ǰƽҡսʱ
ҹδͷ岻һֱǰƽս߹룬ȫ֯Ὣ𡣶ҹδ֪ⷽҲûҪɽ磬ҲֻҪɽԼأռݸԴԼչܹⷽ⣬һռⷽ
Ͼǵļ԰Ҳȥɽ翴ͷԼļ԰Ǩ㵽ɽ磬ûǸͷҲ֪ͷʵ
ڵǺɽȻѣһ뵽ɽ磬ǾǾĹϵɽеҲδǨ㵽ⷽ磬Ǻⷽ忪սһԱֿĽһ棬һܹ뵽ⷽ磬Ҳֻǽ뵽Դ
ûռ˼
Ϊⷽվɽٴηֿһ־ꡣ
ֻҪܹⷽǣ壬ɽǰԣҹδûʧЩڴڴⷽʲôԴԼԽһЩҲⷽǱһһЩ
º
ҹδĵڶǰͳ죬Ǹ컯ʿ
Ǹ컯ʿͣҹδûʲôǰļӣȡⲻ컯ԸˣΪҹδʵõ컯ʿͬҹδܹնɱƽ磬Ѿžųɵİڽͻƽ硣ĳɵİգڽͻ컯
ĳɵİѾǳǳˣҹδɽ磬ⷽû֮ԣ˫̸ʮ졣
ҹδɽǱߵ֪ɽǱߣռƵʱ͵ĽⷽһŬҪΪⷽˣռⷽ
ԣҹδҪһЩⷽزʱȻͬ⡣ȡһݸҹδ
߸ֲϣ㿴ʲôǱûеģÿһЩ͵Ŀ϶ࡣҪһЩҪǱߵز
лǰ
ûȥˣҡ
лǰ
ҹδǣص˸ԼŵסȻ󷨣ſʼĶͬʱȡһհһ߿һڿհԼǷûеĲϡģģģƷĸֲϣ
ǣҹδ뷢־󲿷ֲ綼ͬġֻмٵһֲɽûеġȻҲмһֲϣɽеģⷽûеġ
ҹδϵĲϱʵ࣬ⷽĲϣȻµʱ˲٣ЩҲ˺ʹ˲١ӵľǲҩɽӵеĲҩûûеġҲûűȻⷽ彻ǾҪ󷽷Ľ
ҹδǽԼҪĸֲгһ嵥һհСȻ뵽УʼһЩҩ


1126 ף2
ֲժΪѾժˣڴָСűеķС

ҹδڱеÿһ㶼һľݣľݾǴŴָʹĵطʼǧʷУĴָʹֱ˱УװŸֲϡ
ʼһָȡⷽûеĲҩÿһֲҩȥһСӣ׼͸͵ģ˼ҼȻŵ͸ԼϣԼҲġˣܹһʮֲҩⷽûеġװ
Ȼȡһհ򣬿ʼ嵥嵥ڲɽûеĲϣ綼еĲϣǶɽ˵е٣еϡ١һΣˣᱻһۡҹδɽϡ٣ⷽҲϡ١ɽ˵ҪһЩܵĻҹδҪһЩ
ЩԼҪģĸֲһ嵥
Ȼ㿪ʼԼĲҩ
ֲҩһ߲ıһķڵĲҩժˡҹδĴָûпյˡýλᣬһ¿档һЩԼҪĲϡ
ûжڵЩҩԱڵĲҩƷʼáǽ֮еҩƷʾҪ˺ܶࡣǶԱȱڵĲҩͱڵĲҩȣóǸƷʵĲҩ
ҹδ뽫ڴŵĵһժĲҩĴָȡ˳һĲڣҹδĲ׼ⷽסôഢָͻȻóûпռǲܵġñ˲²⣬󷽷óһĲ
Ĳ󣬵컯ʿҲ컯ʿۺ죬ҹδ˰ҲͶԷˡ
ʣµĲԡҹδģŽòˣԼɽϣɽӵɶ츣أõֲҩ
һµһժĲҩǧꡣȻЩŽһĲҹδųʰһ£ȥ͡
;סڷһܼ׵ľڣҲûִʿҲҪҹδոߵſڣľݵķžʹ򿪣ҹδ뾶ֱ˽ȥϥڵذϵͺЦ

лǰ
ҹδ£ͺЦ˫ȱٵĲϣ
Уҹδȡݸ͵ǰһɵʦϾͲҩ࣬ĲûСһʮ֣ⷽûеĲҩ͸ǰ
Ŷ
Ȥӹʶ̽ȥÿһֲҩ꣬һСӡʱҹδֵݹһ
ǰڼһʮֲҩҩԡ
ͽӹɫ¶ϲɫһʮֲҩǶⷽһǿĲ䣬һʮֲҩԸܶ൤ҩƷֿ
лл

ǷûеĲ嵥ҡ
ãҹδ뽫һݸͣѸٵؿһ飬ͷһᰲȥֻʱҪ΢һЩһ°ɣÿֶһЩ
лǰҹδȡһ򣬵ݸ͵һ嵥Ҫ׵ġ
ͽӹ˿
룡
ǲ٣󣬸ֲ϶Сһͨϡ
뽻׶٣
ƣ
ɫһ㣺㹻Ĳҩ
˵һܵĲҩǳࡣ
ĿһѾȷҹδضһռûطôĴָ
ĲҩʲôݣЩࣿ
ܶ࣬Ҳһ嵥ݶϡҹδȡһݹȥ嵥
ͽӹʶһɨϱֳ˾֮ɫĲҩҲ̫ȫˡ˲ȷϣҹδһӲҩҩ԰Ŀռ
ܰĲҩȸҿһЩ𣿡
ԣ
ҹδ뵱棬ĲȻӷȡһָݸ͡ͶҹδֹռľٶοǶΡӹ˴ָʶһɨֳϲɫ
Ȼϵҩ䡣вҪĲϣȽס
ãҹδҲһϲ
Ȼüкһ⣬Ȼһƴ󹬵ǰҹδ붼ˡ
һҪԼķ϶ˡֲ˼ҲںԼķ컯ʿ


1127 컯
˽һֻһ˾ͺҹδ뽻ٶֲҩҹδ붼棺
ǰ㽻ôʲô
Ц棬һ棬Ҳһ棬㽻ЩҩҲΪ˲䣬һЩҩɶҩ䣬ˡҲһνĻᣬЩҩȥԴֻ׬Ҳû̫ҪԴܻ٣Ҿͺ㻻١ˣɾĻһЩ
ҹδҡͷɾڵͽʿ˵Ǳ˵ԴǱɾֵǮˡ
ڶǲҩ
ɣҹδҲֹѾժΡ
ɫһϲɣһԵ
䣬ȡһݸҹδһʥصĵͼʥذɣͨ£ֻƽں컯Чʥغܴ󣬶ƽں컯ʿ٣ǹģ˭ȥ
ҹֻһ磬նɱƽһӦɣ
ǣҹδͷֻһ˿Ƥë
Ҳˣƽڶûһ˿Ƥëصͷ˵
ǣȴδܹͷųΪķ֮ݻٲ컯ʿ塣ܹͷųıӦһЩıɣ
ţתһɣ
һŰ͸ӵͣ˵Ǹʥأܹı䱾컯תѾתһ㣬Ӧڰɣ
ţ۷塣
ţȥʥأҲֻܹһɣҲ˵ӵ컯塣ϾͷǳˡҼܹҲ
Ϊʲôҹδԭһܹ컯ʥأдϲʱȴ޷⡣
һ棬ٶȻǳǳһ棬ΪԪ񾳽粻ԪԶԶĻ㲻һӰ쵽ж
ҹδˣ˵뵽Ҫʲô̫ǿԪֻ᲻ˡԭҪ̧첲뵽̧Ԫ̫ĻҪ̧첲ͷ˼ϢʮϢ¸첲û̧͹ֵ
ллǰ
лͰڰ֣ɣȥҹҪ꣬ʮŲܹҲҪʱ֪ͨ䡣⽻׵̫ǶҪ׵Դúǽס
ãҹδ뾫һͳ棬ԼĳĲҩˡԼֲĲҩҲժˡˡ
ҹδֺһЩϵ飬ȻŸǣյͼǷʥطȥ
ҹδûԼɣѵõһⷽ磬ΣҪʱ䡣ҪúÿһһЩţҲһЩ򡣲ͨҲɽǱߴûй硣
˵ǹ磬ҲֻǱǳεؽһξ룬ҲǱ˻ȥҲǵʱ˻ȥҪ֪ﻹһ֮أ˵ˣЩ컯ضҪס컯ʿѡ
˵͸ԼԵˣ
Ҳ֪ⲻΪԼǽԴҪΪ˸лԼɱƽ壬ⷽ幥ķߡⷽ˵Ҳ顣
֮һƬ֮أܴҲܱңصģȴܹͬһĴܶͬһž޴ơһ־Ķǵĸолη塣
ҲҹδѾתһ컯壬зܵû̫η壬һ磬ͲҽӽֻҪһУͻɻһҡûпˣҹδ֪϶ˣֻΪ̫󣬱˴˿
ҹδ뵽ʥأûиֱ룬ڱԵشʼһһ߻ƶ
ꡣ
ʱ䣬ҹδӷʥڳˡıѾת컯򡣴δ֪ǿ󡣶һʱϽ뵽ĸоķ򻰣ӵϣ˵ӴԺٶȣͲˣǺƽʿȣ֪ҪǼٱ
ϴ޵ʣ޼ˣתĲǱ壬вʱطʳ޵תڵԪҲԪת컯ֻʱ󣬿¾ڶδܹϳͣܶһЩϸСķ򣬼塣ͬһ˳
û뿪뿪˷ʥزԶҪһЩʱ䣬ЩܶԼڵϸСӣûȥˡ


1128 ͻ
һ
ҹδٴ̣׼طǱߡûг̤زУȴǰ㣬سɴ硣һߣһʶӣȻˣʲôԴժߡͬʱܹش
ԲֲͨԲıԪﵽ컯ԪҲ򵥣ΪԪϡԶˡ
ߣԴû٣ǶȴŲСľ翪ʼڱƽ
Ϊʮءڵ֮ڣţĽռıʮءˣÿʮ֮һһءҪйעشҲ˵ŲԪʶ֮飬顣Ҫγɵڵģõƶš
ʮͨ£ʿÿһأǰǧΪλġҲ˵ƽ˵һʿһصʮأҪҵʱ䡣ڵҹδٶȴ̫ˡ
ı壬컯Ԫеϡ
Ĳǧôõʱͻڣ궼ҪΪڵ״൱컯羳磬Ҫ̫ࡣźϡٶȻͻƵĸ졣ʵϣÿһײʿʱڣҲʿͻΪ͵ʱ
һоš
ʱѾڱԪĸ춼ﵽɣʱ˵߱˺컯ʿʱԾ߱ս벽컯һ컯ڣſܴ컯ߡ
һǱ磬ջ޴󣬸˵͵ô
ʱڿҰ֮У˼
ⷽ壬󲿷Ҳȥ˷Ǳߣռµõｮҹδһسɴߣһ߸ߵ
У̤ƶʿ֮ⷽҲƽͣͬɽŰ׹ں͹ڣⷽҲаħȻʱڣһ𣬵ҲŰɱ
̤ƶУȴҲСҲЩǶĲʿɱˣȥϵԴΪ飬ûٸɡ
ʱеһʿңңؿϵҹδ룬ɾ磬Ůޡ
λ翴ҹδһۣҲ֪Լλܵܵ˼ԸҲȣܲtֻҹδһˡ
룬ûж֣ǽһҶߵʿǡ
Ҳʲôԭأ
ʲôԭֻͨسɴ磬ûüɵ˵Ů޶Լųֵš
λСֿҹδһֻۣһڣǿܹǿȥҲǾء
类ˣһʿȱپ飿
ǸСܲˣֻ粻ǸŮ޿϶ڣԼͬԼ磬ڣնɱǸŮ޲˿⣬ľǸŮߡԼͻϮ֮£оųǸŮӲߡ
ţ֪Žʱڡһ֣ͱ뽫Էնɱɾ䣬βһβһ鷳Ǵʱ̰ϵӿ֡
ҲȱԴΪʿҪԴ߼ǶΪ͵ʿûȤ٣ںԼͬʿдٵ˼ΪԷϵԴһʺԼġ
ΪԽߣҪԴҲԽ࣬ҪԴƷҲԽߣ׻á
ģڵԴЩ׽⣬Ѿܾÿڵľ硣Щʱգɱ˼ʿ΢Щ⡣
̰
طĴˣǸɱᱦĺõطΪؼǣҶ磬ˡ
磬ѵãŪɡ
䣬Ǹʿҹδķȥ̾һʱһ¶⣬ҪǲֻãıˣӺܴġԴƵġЩϵʿʮּѡЩ˶Ƿ˸ĹأϳģӵġؾۼһһЩ䣬ƽʱ岿䲻ܺ׷ɱҲ忪սŽǡ
ǣ巢ڴ٣ĻһˣԼӦлᣬɴɱԷ
Ǿ԰ɣ
ҲˣҲֻ΢ٶȣҹδ׷ȥٶ̫죬ҹδľ
绹ʶǸŮ޾ˣǾֱӷɹȥˡ
ã


1129 ķ
ǸʿͷԾ˷ܣڻ̫СˡǸŮ޾ʵڶݵʱɱǸŮޣžųɵİա
ʿϿ׷ҹδ룬Ҳһֱעҹδ룬ǵҰУҹδ·ûʶգɲƮƮڴϡ
٣Դ
ǸʿԥӰ֮ϣ·ҹδ븩ȥ
ڸĹУѾɽ·ҹδһ˳ȥ
ٶȶ찡
һͬһ㣬˲Ϣ֮䣬籡һ㣬
ҹδüһʽкǰֻһĻȻҹδԶӶȥͬʱзģ˻ߵĺ
˴˴
λ̫ѨֱһͷԼ̵ͷܣ̽Էնɱ
˵ĻŮޣûʶǣҲôˡǼȻˣǸŮ޾֪УսɱҪʱ䡣
ҹδͿҹδһ֪ٴδٹԵעһ˲䣬ʹɫϿҪԼ𿴶Էһڣһڣҹδаնɱġԣ¡
ǣﲻɽ磬ҲûĿɽڡ
ⲻõЩɵ
ﶼⷽ壬ߣȻ壬ضͷһҧԼһڣԼٿĪ硣ǸʱԼٶ֣ΪС־̫ˡ
ԣֻת֮䣬ʹ⡣ԼͰ￪˵Ҫߵô
ûΪԼ˶⣬Լⷽ綺һʱ䡣⣬ԼҲûɱԷûб⣬ҲԼ಻ԼɫôԼ̷ɽ硣
˼ʿ֪λҲת˲֮䣬ʹ⣬ɱҹδ롣
뵽ûǸʿô³çû˿ҹδ롣Ϊʿɱһҹδ뾹ȻˣܹôɤŵغСԣ֪ҪѸٵɱҹδ룬ͱȽҹδסһΧڣҹδˡǣһǸҹδ˹ȥ
Ǹͬʱ֮ǰҹδ빥ǸʿǱҹδһԼǱɱһûɱҹδ룬˼ҾȻ˶ûУǴɤ̫ˡ
ǣ󿴵Ǹ֪˼ǸǳὫâеԼ磬ٴһҹδ˹ȥ
ڷӵҹδ룬ͻȻͷϽһ⣬оԼһȻԼ컯ȴ·סˡֻΪԼ컯ԼûȫסжҲ֮ǰ½
ҹδһͷ˳ȥߵ
ˡ
һ̫ͼƮҹδͷϣתǸĹâһӱ˳ȥǸ㱻˳ȥڴͬʱǸʿһٴ˸ǰҹδ뵥ǰһʽ֣ǽһԣ¡¡غڴϣҹδٴ˳ȥȻһļС
ɱ˶ᱦˣɱ˶ᱦ
̫ˣҹδ컯ȥˣܹǧ֮⣬ռ䶼𶯵ھҵĲ
ಡ
˷ʿ߷˹ʵϣҹδĵһУѾʼʿ˹ҹδڶ֮ǰѾʿӥۣңң˹ǿʿҹδ뷢˽
Щʿвһ
ʱ弤ʱڣѵõĴˣ֮ìܡҲ˵Э飬ЭбһԲɱ˶ᱦ˭£ͱһҪ׷ʿΡ
Э飬ܹž鷢
ܣ
жԲߣߡ
ֻҪøɾ䣬û˷֣㲻¡ԣɱ˶ᱦ߷ֻҪ֮ǰ˺ܶࡣ
˵ĸ߲ܷŭһֶ֣μСҷɱ˶ᱦʿ˭Ենɱջ񶼹ֵˡ
ԣʿȷʵҹδ빥ҹδҲȷʵұӱߺҪǣ׷ɱҹδʿûз
⻹ʲô˵ģ
ܹô̵ʱ˭ǸˣΪòã


1130 Ϣ
䡭
ֵٵʿ˹ȥʿԽԽ࣬ͨҲԽԽࡣҹδȴȻӿٶȣŲ̤ǲѾʧӰ١
ʧЩΧϣһϳԼԼ˵ˡΪԼɱƽʿȻ㱻׷ɱⲻǿЦ
ôͣ
̤ǲ컯ʹ£̫ˡֻգ֮䣬ҹδʧӰ٣ЩʿҹδòûпοǵעʿϡȵϢʱ䣬ɱʿ֮ҹδԶȥ֮ңĶȥ
ҹδҲٲУҴʱҲֻвʮ֮ңҹδһ·Ų̤ǲŷ߶ȥ
ӵʱ䣬ҹδѾٴ͵ǰ֮ǰѾڵĲҩժˣֲһ顣
׼ͽ֮뿪ⷽ磬ɽ硣
ջ񣿡ͺЦؿҹδ롣
ҹδ빰ֵлǰѾתɡ
Ͳɸп㽫ضͻ컯߲ʱˡϣܹ֮ٴⷽ磬ǸʱѾ컯
ҹδĬһ£ǰˣȻҺͻ컯ʱ仹̫ˡ
ҲɣҲĬƬ̣ûзʱͻƵ컯ȷʵ̫ˣ
һϣһΣʱܹһЩǷԴǽ
⵱Ȼԣ
ҹδɫһ㣬Ӧ˵ģԺԼĻһҪȥǸʥصġǾǻԵοһọ́׬Ŀɲһǰ㡣Ц
ٴײʱֻҪһţұض뷢跨ٴǰ
ãȡһƴ̣ݸҹδٴǰͨϵҡ
ã
ҹδӹ̣֪ԷҪΪԼⷽó״ԼûʲôãԼҲҪһˣԼȥף̫ˡ
ҹδӦʹ죬дϲδ룬ЩҲӲＯ˴ԴҺȽףΣ
ã
ҹδȻӦ˱ٴν׽ҹδ͵´ľгȻͼȻȥЩǰ׵ʿҹδ뵽֮С
ܿ죬һʿ߽ͽһʿҹδ˽ܡľƽʿÿеĵλءҹδֻóҩȫͣҲҪǷֵΡ
ͺܹƽ綼еԴ׵Ĳҹδ׬󡣶绥ûеԴܹҹδ׬ʮϡ
̫æ죬˫⡣ҴҶڴԺײʱҹδܹ˵ʵǶ֪εĽֻһθˣϾҹδⷽһ⣬ûдԴ´ҹδ׼ǱǴһԴǽףǲǴջ
绥ͨʵżʵˣͿԺὮǲǿصĿꡣ
´ҹδŴԴǰǺڳԺڣЩʿû
ɱȡѣɱҹδ룬ܹôԴֻһΣԺ󲻻ˡһԵԴʵķǳޣҪԴԴϵ罻
ʱ䣬Щʿ˵ĺ̡ܶҲҹδضͻƽ磬ǰ϶飬Ժ´εļ棬ҹδضƽ硣컯ǿҿ϶ǾҹδҲźܴϣֻҪƽ磬ҲŰԪͿԺǳףǿصġ
ԣڽ֮շǳǢʹϯ罻Ҳٿһνᣬҽĸô˵Ľʱܿ͹ȥ£˲ķֿ
ֻʣҹδˡ
Լľдҹδ룬һ裬˱ġ
δ룬׼ȥˣ
ţҹδͷѾ̵ʱˣҪԻȥˡ
ûҹδôģôȥ˼ҵܣҽڻȥ֮ǰȥһ

ԣǶһ죬Ǹܴ󣬵ϡԪϡô˵ɣ廹壬߾磬ֻԪ
ŶǾǲʶˣ
ԣ˵ʶˣʶˡ
ҹδһǲͺɽķ˵ѵҲһƷ˵Ǳߵ״󷨣ˣ
һȤˡ
ȥˣǵΪǲҲᱻѹƣ


1131 
ѹƣֱӱסˡֻܹӳԪ
ԡҹδĿһΪһ޴Ľ׷У
ԣ͵ֳͣŴ彻ףڣҲˡҲƽͣҲɱΪΪҵԸһЩɱСһЩûУȥҲҪСġ
ҹδͷԴܶࣿ
ܶ࣬ҺȫЩԴûеģǱСȥԺ彻ס
͵ݳһǵͼȤȥ
ҹδӹ͹ֵлϸ硣
Ѿֱ꣬ӽҹδ֣ҹδҲƺԷΪϸ硣ϸҹδգҹδǣŶȥ
ɵ֮뵽֮ڣԽռȥ
ԭҪɰʱ䣬ֻʮһ͵˶Ȼķȥַ죬ռҹδյϢ
δ룬ʼˡ
ҹδڳ֪һ£̸оȷʵ䵭ˡ룬ȥ̤ˣķȥûȥһʱ䣬㿴ʿˡ壬Ҳ塣˴ҲֻǶһۣ߷ֿ
׵ģܵģԶĦ
뵽֮ڣҹδԵĸоԼΪˣڵ䵽ڡ
Χڣҹδ뷢ʿˡ
ԭΧҲʱʱ̶ܹ̿ʿǽ뵽ﷶΧڣʿͶˣʱʱ̶ܹ̿ʿ
ɱһԱ˴˰ȫľ롣
ҿÿʿɫڴҹδ⣬һطһȡԼԴľѵطʿҪΪ벻ԴÿʿǰԼĿģԼҪԴǺ϶ܹ򵽡
Ҫ۵ģʱ򸶳ľĴֻۡҪɾԴͿ򵽡
ҹδоԼΪеˣڵ䵽˺ϵһֲӦһΪͻȻĲӦǷӵٶȶ˺ܶࡣ
оɽķ˵Ųͬģ˵ϡƺһǵѹƣǵΪ
ΪžԽԽҲԽԽ졣
ԶԶѾǸ죬ܴһ죬ʱʿ˵ϣҲʱʿӵ뿪һĵ졣
ҹδ̤ϵһ̣ΪѾԪľ硣Ǻֻ֣ҪһָܹϸʶʹãԼԷС̵̤䵽ԪûʶҲͱŷɡ
ûʶ۲ֻܹ˫Ŀǹ۲ķΧȣ̫ࡣ
ҹδҡҡͷҲԭ컯ʿˣҲ޷̽İ
ҹδҲû̽İô̽鵽ģ
ҪĿģǽԴȻĴ˵ԼҪһġ
ҹδ벻סһҿջҪһõķ䡣ȻӸɾĴ˵Ƶ˵úϸһǲ֪˵˶ٴΣûʲôֵ
ҹδҲģֻܲһ˵ģϴһ֮ȥ˲跻һȥ˾¥һͬС졣û֪ܣûʲôĵط

򷢻ˣҹδһӡ
ɽǱߵķ˵ذ
˵һɽڣ˸о죬ܶ˶ǸɽڣԼɽڻ˻Ե
ǣȴʲôĵطûС
ҹδ֪ⲻҲ֪ԼоⷽʿоûĸʿҵءԼҲͲˡ
ԼǽԴɣ
ҹδźܶɾ׼ɾϵɾȻܶ࣬Ҳģġһžһšǲҩ޾ģùˣֻ֡ǽڵĲҩˣǱĲҩûнء
ֲֻŲҩǱĲҩֲ㡣ǱǱ˰ٱԲҩ٣Ҫ̫ࡣѾժĲҩоֻҪһһͲûʲôˡ
ʲôֻԴ
һɽûԴһɽеģǺϧġԴֶ٣ͻύ׶١


1132 
ѾˣĽ֮أǡ
Ƿǳ󣬾˵ܹ˿ڹڣԴ׵ġԣҹδ뿪ͷߣӶһȥ
ҹδʼʱ򣬽䱸ʮ㣬дٵġʻ󣬷ַƽ˾룬ﶼǹ߳ԴģȻҲӦдٵģƲࡣ
ˣҲ΢ģɱž衣
ܾûͬһسˣҹδ£ɴ򲢼ڳԯϣۿ·;ϵķ羰
·;ϵϢͨǵĿٵϣһһٵҰܹ
Ŀе֪һΪġ⵹Ǻɽ緲˵ơҲǿľӣҵķȴĹ涨ˣ㣬ֻҪû˺ϵ˺Ϳԡ˺ˣɱ˾ͳʮ⳥
ʵϣͬҹδ룬ȻΪﱻѹƵԪǱ컯ϵûҹδĶ֡ǧˣأ
ҹδҲǶ֣
ҲһֱߣǷˣҪϢġԣÿҹĻ٣¶ӪʶӣָǴ򲻿ˡӶʱѣÿһ׼㡣
ٵԵҰһѶѻæЩȻ׼ʳﶼҹδЩ˻ѵġ
ʵϣʶҲǲӣֻӵĳ̶ȷǳ΢Сֻаҡʮַÿʶ·ཬдУʿ˵رԣǽԴʱ򣬴ҶܲʶͲʶ
¶Ӫ˶ʿ壬Ҳ塣еʿĮǽĺ㡣һ˶еˮϲύľһ𡣵Ȼһһ
ҹδ벻һĮˣһŮޣ޹ڨҹδҲûоܾܿ߾;ۼ˼ʿ̸˵ء
оˣûʶԷ˵ҲǸԵľĴս
ҹδ˵ú٣ֲⷽʿⷽ˽٣Դ¶ż仰˵һ˵ⷽľ
պǢ
Ҫ֮⣬ǲܷġҰô˭˴⣬ͻȻһǳΣյ顣
ﲻڣҶѹԪͻȻж
⵹ǸҹδЩǿʿһѵõķɻᣬԴҽ̸쳣ĳ졣ڵڶ̵ʱЩ˻һϡ
Ҳֻҹδǵһļ˶ͨġҹδֻ֪ǲǽ֮أרŽЩ߽׵ġеԴǡǣȥطǷ˵Ľ׵ĶԴҲԪһµġ
죬ҹδǡ
ԶԶؾͿ˺ΰĳǽǳǽչͷ
Ŵͳǽ϶žӣ뵽֮󣬷ֵֽҲʱѲӡؽҹδһջǰҹδҪһϷס¡
ϴϢһ죬գҹδ߳˿ջû׼й䣬˾Ϊ˹ҲǳĳһԴˡǼԼг嵥ϵԴȫԣ׼֣ÿһ̶ȥ
˿ջ¥Ͳ跻̧˵һ̡һƾӭ
͹٣ۻǹ򣿡
ҹδһߴΧһߵżƹ񡣡
ǻ۾һܹ˵Ļˣ϶Ǵˡ̿ڵ
͹٣
ҹδͷǸƽ뵽һᣬƸ˲裬ҹδԵȣȻ˳ȥܿ죬һˣһЦеӣҹδ֮ҲûдҹδʲôҹδĶ
ǳۣǹ򣿡
װɣҹδȡһݸǸ˵е嵥Уˡж٣Ҫ١
ƹɫһϲӹΪ˽ʡʶֱӽüģʼĶ
Ϣ֮ƹȡѣ嵥ϵĶﵹ֡ÿȴǲ٣ȫҪ
ţ
۸Ҫһɡ
У
ҹδѾˣĶǹһɡ˼Ҳûָߣָݸ˶Է
ԼﶼҩĲҩҪʲô۽׾ˡ


1133 ɽ
Էӹ˴ָüϣʶ͸ȥϾֳ֮ɫ
ô࣡
ҹδͷһ˲ס
Ҳǣ
ԷܿȡһЩԼҪĲҩ˵ϣȻ󽫴ָݸҹδ룬վ
ѣԵȣ
ҹδͷԷ˳ȥԼӵʱ䣬ż˽Щ̧żӣ˵ϣȻ˳ȥƹָӵ
㿴
ҹδӣϸؿһ飬Ȼͷս˴ָС˽ɡƹ˫ֵ
ѣĲҩɾв
ҹδҡҡͷƹϱֳʧ֮ɫŬ
ѣ۵Ļǵҡ
ã
ҹδӦʹ죬ƹ񹰹֣ٲȥƹԽҹδ͵⣬ҹδ߽Լڵ̡ź̾Ϣһת˴š
ҹδ뿪ʼɨҲ¸˵ǡ
̶֪￪ģʿ︺𡣲׬ĳ⣬̫ܺڳԺڡ
ҪڳԺڣҹδҲ¡ȻɨķʽҲܱﹺԴʿϣͬں
ô˵ıҲ컯ѹƵԪϣܹвˡҪԼⷴɱ˶Է˶ԷԴ
뿪أ
˸׷ɱأ
͸ںˣڵƽʿѾĶ֣¶ԷƽԲ벽컯ܹһսȻ컯϶Ƕ֡
ǣ컯
ԷǳСҪʲôԴҲԼĵǰ컯ʿôڿ죿
Ҽǰ컯ʿǰڼܡΪײ忪սʱ컯ʿ
ʵϣϵʿƽ綼ûУ綼١һЩΪµʿ
ԣҹδɨɨÿν޹˼ɡҲֺ޹˼ɣ˲˹˼ɡȻ˵˼ȴҸжҲֻǰضš
ҹδɨһͦĻԭͲ򵥣ַǳ಻ʤ
ÿһʶԴҪĺܴʶ֮ҹδΪ磬֮ʶĵ߰˰ˡҹδ벻òԼڿջڲʶ
Ҫͨʶǲܵġʿʳҩõҩָҹδ벻ҪҹδռڣŴġֱӴռڵܿؾͽԼʶָ۷塣Ҳû̳ȥڿջںúϢһԼ˯һ
ҹδ붼֪Լжû˯ˡ磬԰ǧ겻˯Ҫ˯Ҳ򵥣һͷԼͻ˯ȥҶԪʮְȫҹδҲͷĵ˯һ
ˬڴٴοʼɨ
ӹúܵÿɨɨɨһ£ûе̣ҵһҩûнꡣȴЩˡ

Щɽ磬ƣҲᡣ
ҹδͣɨԼݼһ죬߹䡣ҲȫǳԴҲкܶ¥跻СԡҹδСԡҲźɽ壬ҹδҲҪȥͣһԼ
һǳ˲СԣյᶼʧӰ٣Сʳ泩ƻʱ֣λƵɽ
ǵһ㣬ɽܸߣɽͱƲ֡ҹδһһʵǣҹʱ֣ŵɽ塣һɽûһˡһҲǣﶼǹԴģ˭Լеã
Ѱһʯ棬貵ǿա
ţ
оιۿǿպ֮ǰԼۿǿŲͬǿ̫ˣΪǿվճֻҪʱ䣬ͻǿգվһʮĸоվʱ򣬲˵ʮּҲ̻ڲҪŬȥ룬Ͼֱꡣ
𶯣
ѵܣ
ϸϸ֪Ũϲ꣬˴أֻʶֻܹչߣ֪յ޷̽顣ֻǽ˴صĹ⣬صĹУ
жվϱ㲻ꡣٴιվܼ뵽ڡĿ۲죬Ϳϡֻܹ̽ߵʶ̽飬Ҳ̽鲻ϣֻվʱ򣬲ܹ֪ϡ


1134 ٿ
ֲⷽûʿܹطأվһö
ˣ
ʲôԼһԵ
ҹδȻҪܵɽƵȥɨݶϣվ
סַԭһ㣬ϣӴ׾ͷݶ֮ϡ
վ飬ҹδɨҲˡÿɨʱˣͣĴ䣬վĿѾˡ֮ǰɨվɨ˵ڶλ
ЩˣԽԽԾǷҹδڲϵɨϵжԴ
̫ˣ
ôһߵĲر⣬յĵ
һҹ
ҹδݼ֮ϣվȻ̾Ϣһվʱ򣬼ΧΪһ壬Ǳжôо
ʽͷԣǰȻ׼ʽǰʶȡͨСһһʡֱ˽֮ϡ
ಡ
Ӱεض𣬸߳ݼȻɫ֮£ҹδ븩˹еı¹˸ɭĹâ
ϡ
ҹδνʣɫγ˽Ļǳٶ̫졣ĸʿûзӦͱ̴üģʬȥ
ಡ
ʿҹδĽûп壬ͱʬȥ
̵ľǱҹδ컯֮ٶȸЩܹȵġ
οʿܵ
ಡ
ҹδüͷ»£һƬӰ߳˹Գ١
ҵһ˰
ҹδ뵭ҡҡͷվݼ֮ϣбָݼ
ಡ
ʮʿѾ˵ǰʮҫ˹Ļ
͡
ҹδ̳˹㺮

ΪµʱĹ㺮ɫͷɭĹâ»˵Ѿ»ںϳһƬ
ۡ
ʮʬȥûüһǸʿ˹ֳ棬ҹδĶˣɫƽܼش̳һʿسȻ䡭
ӵʱ䣬ʣ˶ʮˣȻһˡ
ҹδҲû׷Ŷٶʬ壬ÿʬ϶дָⶼǲƸܹģģܲ
ҹδô׷ȥصĴָǱ˵ˣ
֪ΧźܶʿԶ߿ţԣݼʼشһʿָߣָԼĴ֮С
û˸ҹʵҹδ뷽չֳʵ̫ˡ
һӵʱ䣬նɱٶˡ
ûŪҹδʵ֮ǰʱڣϮҹδ롣
ҹδ뽫ָҲȥЩ˵ʬ壬һݣ㴩˴Լķ䣬žһŹϡ
ܿ죬ǵǰʬߣֻҪ˺ǵˣЩʿûйϵ
ҹδϥڷʼһָ˺ʶġһ飬Ȼռ֮һҹδҪģʣµ֮ҹδ벻Ҫģ׼׳ȥ
ꡣ
ҹδѾˡ
ʱ䣬ͷ꣬ʮϮȫɱ֮ںҲûɱˡں꣬ҹδҲûȥɨˡΪеĲҩзɱЩʿõԼҪԴ˳ȥûʲôٽ׵ˡ
ԣں꣬ÿĴй䣬ĥľϱݼ֮ϣǿգվ
ԴȴסﲻߣȴҲû֡ҹδҪ̽ܵ˶ȥˡȻΪҹδҲǴˡ
ж֮ԱǣҪѰܣȥɡ
ʱ䣬ҹδڽѨϿ˵ڶʮ˵ڶʮѨ֮󣬱оԼԪƺﵽһٽ㣬ֻҪԼܹٿһѨϣԪӦһɱ䡣
ǹžľһ˿˿
ѵڼƷԪ֮ϣƷ
ҹδ³һݼ֮ϣʼǿգվ
һϲףرΣҹδøļѡҲʮŨֻҪҹδһվϾֱӳ壬ҹδоҪԼԪڵĶʮûǧ궼ܡ
ֹȥʮ죬ҹδʶ𶯣Ԫ˵ڶʮһϡ
һɲǣԪ񱻳貵֮Уʼɱ䡣


1135 ;
һ죬죬졭
ҹδôݼ֮ϣܶ˿ҹδ룬ȴû˸ʵҹδǿǾ塣
˵졣ҹδȻоԼܵѹƶЩͷųԼʶԭֻܹͷų߾룬ȴܹͷųҡ
ԼԪƷˣѹƵǿˡ
ҹδ΢˼һ£ЩףҪĲΪʡ
һֱԴĶԿΪжߣܹԿ٣˱ƷԪʾʹһʿߵƷ֮Զʿѹƺǿ컯ˣҲѹƵԪ磬ʶֻܹͷųףΪЩʿԪûͻ
ҹδԪͻ˼Ʒﵽһ߶ȣŵֿ֮ʶԪܹͷųԲסҲ˵ڷԲ֮ڣھһʿһ˿Լ֮⣬ͨԡ
ʵϣʿҲܹͷųֻͨΧֻаߡ
ߵľǲ˵У˼ﲻˣԼͨˡ׾Ͳͬˣ˵ҹδ޵С컯ˣĶ֡
ҹδ׵ʶչʼĴ̽飬Ҫ̽ܣǺź׵ľ뻹̫ˣ̽һįʲôҲû̽̽ҹδÿվȻ㷢֣ԼϿ˶ʮһ֮ҪٿһѨϣʮּѡƲһ£Լ֪Ҫòܹһϡ

ҹδ³һԼԪԼԪڿ϶ǼƷԪˣǽʲôأ
ҹδ룬ǾͽʥԪɡ
ٺ١
ҹδ׼뿪ˣҪѾˡȻҹδ֪뿪ϻøӲסҲһֱ뷨ǣҲԼΪͻƵƽ磬϶ȣ򶼻øΪףǸʱҲϵٶȾͻӿ졣ԣȥԺһײʱٹ
߾ߣҹδ벻ٶ˷䣬һ뿪ǣͷķȥ
ڳڣҹδǷЦ뿪֮󲻾ãӿʣЩ׼ġ
֮ǰǼ꣬Щʿ֪ҪϴҹδвͨҹδӦ÷ǳͨ壬ŵơһ뿪ԲﷶΧ֮⣬ҶָͨǾҹδסǴûҹδһʿʱ粻Ӧöռ
ԣʿʼҹδ뿪ʵҹδϵԴ̫ˡֻҪҹδһˣ˵ԼһԴˣǹһͲ䶼ˡ
ҹδҲЩԾԾԣԴԪƷ֮ȻԲȴܹоԼǿˣֻ޷飬ҲҪԼǿʲô̶ȡ
ҹδ벢ó򰲰ȵߣÿϢʱҹδ붼轣ʽڹٵ轣
еģԴɱˣûжʵϾûվ
û취ôһ޷ҪȥˣϾҪ뿪ˣҹδľҲһ˿
ȻĶˣҲûбĺǲǾ¡ֲǾ¡
ӰӰپپܶĿⶼ򰵵ҹδȫ⣬רע
һص㣬һҪʲôͷǳרעҲɴ࣬ﲻҸɴԼҲԼʶԪȫڣ·ص˷˵ʱֻƾԼı
һһʱҹδˬȻ뵽Ϣ
ǣǰͷ·;Уҹδÿ춼ڻƻʱһĸܣжȻһ˿Ȼ
ǽ
ıʲҲǽͨıʾǽǽı仰˵ǽı塣
ʲôֻʲôǽʲôǣǽǲǽıʡͨҲ罣ıиڵ˵ϣ˺
Ϊʲôʿ˽ıʣͨ
ֻΪͨ
ֻΪͨԶ빥
ͨıȽıǿ
֨֨
ڹٵϣҹδϥڳڣʽ˫ϥ֮ϣšüͷ˳˼
òϣܾͨǱȽıǿôΪɽĹʶͱǣǽԽǳ֮γ⣬ܾԲһʵʵڵؿڵϵ



1136 뵺
ıҲܹǳأ
ҹδǿ϶һ㣬δܹأ
ǲܻǿ
ʹܻǿ˱ʣһ⣬ǾǾ⡣㲻ܽ⣬˵ͨԶ빥㣬Ҫýʵʵڵعڵ˵ϣͱ⣬һľ档Զûʤϣ
ǣһĽͰʿ֮սʱʮ˵ƽʿ֮սŹܹ컯ʿ֮սܹǧһֻߴ磬ô⣿
ô
ҹδ벻ףҹδҲĴ󣬼Ȼ벻ףʱ룬һ棬Ǿܵ⣬ھ⣬Ժ˵
Ŀ꣬ÿƻʱ֣ҹδø𾢡ȥϰ߽ػˡأ⿪ʼӦȻǣذڵһ٣ڳźͽӦγһֹƵʡ
ҹδҪﵽһ㣬ʵϺףֻҪʶȫϵصͿˡ
㲻ıܼ䣬ʶĿƣԣҹδַʽͰԼһ˵ֲǰԼһķˣϾԺͶⲻһܹȵġֻԷ˵ķʽȴһʿ˼˼ά
ˣҹδҲܿԼͽͳһʵںСʱ򣬱ѾܹһˣҲ˲ﵽһľ磬ýΪ֫һǽͷ·Ǵϳһָʹ
ȻͿʼԼ뽣һ
ڵԪͬˮкһʽ뵽ʽУԪ뵽֮󣬱籡γɽԴΪ֣ȡ֮ͻγͨǣҹδûôԪڳӣȴȫʽ֮ڡҪľڵԪ뵽ʽ֮ӵڵÿһ䣬ÿһ˿ơ֮ǰǰ㣬ɽȡ֮ĳ壬ҪʽԼһ֣ʽеͬһ㣬ԼľͨʽĺԼΪһ塣
̺Ԫ鼰ʽףνʽڵһԪڽȡһʽһΪḶ́ʽŷƣÿƾͬһӣԪͬһӣνЩӴһҪϵسԣϵ飬ѡһѵ·ߡ
ҹδҲǳ˷ܡû뵽һԼһ;յĽʲôҹδ벻֪͵ԼһȤʲôʱҪҲ̫⡣
ʱһȥһֱͷѾ˺ܶѡ񣬵Լܲ⣬Ȼ⣬Ǿ
ͷҲдѡҲѡ̤˶Сҹδѡ˳˴ܹڼװͣسµ·
ܴܹɽǧˣҹδ벻֪Щ˵жڴԼ⣬ҲںÿڲͣسƵ·ߡ
֣ڽѰѴƵķʽԼҪһʲô֪ȴ˸Ϊ̵
ΪҪľƳƣƵĶٺзʽһʦͻƾ֮أġ
µʱ䣬һûʲôųĽоԼоһʱ䣬ȻרʵźܴĿԣԼͻƵʦ硣
ȻҪҹδԼˣһΰʱ䣬ңңؿ˺ߡ˶˼װϣҲһ˿˷ܡҹδҲվڼװϣңźߡûѰҵԪڽеѷʽȴʮȷԼֻҪȥչһʱ䣬Ӧþܹͻʦ硣
ԣ½̷֮ɽ磬ȻչأʯԼһʦɽ
Ҳ֪ʱװϣһ׼Լˣֻǲ֪ж١
ں˾ĶˣѾָΪǰ벽컯ܹһ⴬컯ʿ
֪кܶĿⲻʱؿԼ΢΢¶һ˿Ц
ҹδӺеʿڿնȥеʿŲԶĳǳȥҹδǰȥ˽ٵʿ壬Ҳ塣
룡
٣
ҹδüëһɲ졣˵Ҫ뿪Ӧûĸʿܹ׷οûУЩҪҲҪɱ١ôʿǸոմϿ϶ŷḻԴûٱ˵ͷҲûзɱٵͷ
ԴҪײҪ


1137 
ɵҲǷɣⶼɳȥǧˣû˴ɻתͷһŽʿֳӪߵ壬ұߵ塣ҹδ뱣һ룬ûйٵġ
Щʿô£
ģ
ʵϣЩʿЩԥǲôʿҹδ룬ҹδ᲻֪׼ҹδɲطСʲô
ҹδ벻ǣһڵǴ٣Ӧûŷɱǵ˼ⲻԥͼɵ
ԴǸö˭ҪûҪˣ㶼˼뵱ͷűȳȥҲܹһҹδʵο⻹Ӫȶ֣ȶ֡
ҹδ뿴һۣȻɣϢʱ䣬оͲ²⵽Щʿ˼ɿЦһҲʧȥȤ
߰ɣ
ҹδŲ̤ǲڿ˸һ£ʧˡ
ĽʿɫȻһ£Ȼܵҹδʧķ׷Ҳ׷˲һϢʱ䣬󲿷ʿͣɫףͷ亹Ϊʱǲҹδ뷽Ǹ뿪ٶȣΪضʮָ߾һܲ˵ġ˵ƽ硣
Լȥˣͱһʬ塣˼뿪ˣôǡ׷һŭҹδ룬һƾͰԼˡ
ܲ亹
󲿷ʿһͣǰʿҲͣȻҲӦ˹һɫҲ˲ò԰ף亹塣

ҹδһ󣬴أٴλصڡЩţջ˳شڣصռ䣬һȻ뿪ԶڡһûʿĵطòϢֱųķȥ
صռ䣬ҹδһоǺ̫࣬Ϊһֱ˳Ҳûջٺϣɻ˳ȻԼɽ壬Ĵ鿴һ£ȷӹ̣ͮҰ͹ûлȥռˡδһ죬ûҹδһûзԼ͵͵뵽ռ䡣
գҹδҲûǼϢҲһԼûбҪȥռˣʱûбҪҪϢһȥʮ꣬ᣬҲƣҪƣҪʱԼɳһ¡֪ԼҪͻڣҪ򣬶ʱ䲻̡
棬ԼʼУӦñͻڸһЩԼķʽȷҪȥʽԼսڽʲôЧڻǶźǿЧ
پҪվȻڿ쳣ѣȴܹȷ࿪һϣԼܴ󡣶ԴӿԽԽ֮ԼǣǽٶڷٵѾرƽгɾ硣ԣ˼˰ʱ䣬׼ʱشȥѰͻƾ硣ר
һڶǣǽվ
ȷɰɡ
ɵķʽܼ򵥣Ĵߡûδţδһˣ̫¼ˡ
Ҳ֣ΪʿǳʿʿЩʿеռģеǸոմռġڵȻţЩҲҪţó˺ܶࡣĴУҹδһĽҲطڴʱȴһԼ
δ룡
ҹδͷȥëöϲԼҲֳЦݣתӭȥ
ëʦ֣
ëöɫҲ˷ܣȥδҹ㣬ûˣĶȥˣ
ҹδЦʱڲʱȥëʦͻˡ
ٺ١ëöЦˣ㲻Ҳͻˣ缸ˣ
Բأ
ëöһ£Ȼֺһ㻹ǺϰڲԲߣȥͤ
ͤ
ԣëöɵͷһʿ۾ۣһЩ˴ռԾԼڷͤ۾ۣδ룬Ȥ
ҹδȻ֪ëöԵһָһڵһһߣһ뵽ԼЩ˵ս뵽ڵľҲǿཻҲЩȣͷ
ǻʲôߣ
ҹδӦʹ죬ëöҲˣּСŷͤȥ


1138 ʳ
ˣڶͻ𣿡ҹδܾúܾûкЩϵˣ治֪ǵ״
ëöҡҡͷ̫Ҳ֪֪Ϊֹֻʮͻ磬ֻʣ˶ʮЩûͻʿҲռʮ߸
ҹδɫЩȻûײҲģǾԲôࡣײڴԵͬʱҲҲţռڣֻҪûضиͻ硣
ͤ˵һͤʵһʮﳤĳȣΧһʮﳤУÿһξ룬һͤӡ
ҹδëö߽˳ȣųһߣһѰˡʱʮﳤкܶʿΪҲԲͬۼһȺȺСۡÿһ϶ŷ˪һǸոմռáлԵһɱɱˡ
ҲΪˣЩռʿʱСۣԴеɱ⡣
ҹδͻȻ䶯˶ԶǰᵽԼ֡
Ҫ˵һ֮ð㿴˼ҹδ룡
ôʵ
ô˼ҹδƾ֣ͳΪ˷ܷŸȥռƴܹŻúϡ㣬ҪռƴߵĻ𣿡
Ҳô˵δȷʵ˺ǿʵŹ׺ܴ󡣶ֹԽʱ䳤Խֳ
ҲǲŵĹףſԸҲûܲһӾ͸һɣ
ðɣǸһҲСǸһƷɽ壬ҹδ뵱һƷϾͿˡΪʲôҪһƷɽ壬ҹδ뵱һƷϣ
֮ˣƾĲǱӲʵΪƴĲЩӲʵʿ
ǲ
ôͲˣȻҹδ벻ҪսɱıŶʦɷʦȲ˵ɷʦˣɷҲͶˣɷļ۸Ҳ½Ҳܹ๺һЩǵսֹףҾñһʿӲʵҪĶࡣ
ҹδֳһ˿⣬˵ľȻ졣ںĹϵôãëöɴʱֳһ˿Σ
δ롭
û£ҹδڰ֣ɲǱȥǱߵۻڼ
˵ƽѵ
֮ˣҪʵ˵ҹδ뵽ڻûͻɣһϵʿһƷϵݣѾƸˡһƷϵݣǾǲǡʧʡ
ëöؿǸһʿһֿۣ˿ҹδ룬۵Ρʲôϵʿ˼ҹδѾǺϵԲһʿΪߵˡҲǣûҹδ֮ǰҲû뵽ҹδΪͻƻô죬Ҫ֪ëöͻƵʱҹδ뻹Ǻϵء
Ҳ֪Щ˵ȥˣ컽ʦ֡
Ѱëʦܡҹʦã
ҹδ룬ҹδ첽˹Ӵˣ
ûΪԼ˵ҹδ뻹ڼԼʱȻᣬ㺬Ц
ëʦ֣֪λ͹
һ˵ţһ˹ȥܹʮʿ׷׺ҹδкǸղҹδǸ񴨵ʿҲεغҹδһкҶʿ϶Լ˵ĻҹδˡҲֻΣϾ˵ˣұˣԭһε顣
£εɫУҹδǸӵġϾԲһ˵УǾԿǰġҹδͻƵ磬ΪҲܱԼߡ
ԭҺþûм棬ڼ֮ȻҪһ±˴˵Ϊ硣ŷҹδľֱҹδˣʱûѯʡһʱ֮䣬ЩΡתת
Ƕ˵ϹǱߵ˰ɣ
ҹδ룬˾ǵͷҹδһʺãҹʦã㲻֪
֪ʲôҹδʵ
о̾Ϣһҹδ߸·ˣʱ;ƷˡŴ¡ҹδ͵
ҹʦãϷУһȺʳ塣ԸֽʯΪʳսʯľǵıʮֵǿ󡣶壬ֻһ츳ͨǾͨߡȻҲͷͨߵľ·ӡ


1139 ǰ
ϹǱߣ彩֣˫Ŀǰ˭Ҳ򲻹˭ȻϹսʿҲгȥǾģǴ󲿷ֳζǰˣֻСֳλʤһʱ֮䣬ʿ䲻١
ҹδʵ󲿷ֳΰˣ󲿷ָ٣
ɫЩΣʮаܾųҼӮһҲĲʤûа취ʿǿľͨʳ壬ֻܹͨǽⲫԴ򲻹
ҹδüͷʳȻҲͷͨôҲӦòɰɣ
ᣡҲܹúܸߣΪٶȺܿ졣ҹʦã֪˵˼ǿԷڿУûãͨҪӮͱⲫ㲻ⲫ㻹ȥǾʲô
ҲǣҹδͷǺܳԿ
˭˵ǣ̾Ϣһһ㣬ʳս壬սһʱ䣬ͻٽϹصʱԽԽˡȥϹؼֲ˶ãͻᱻˡǸղŻ飬ҪҪȥϹء
ʳ
ƨ̲סֿڵǵıûôǿȥֻҪȥٽҲܹһܹһʿҲáҹʦãȥȥ
ҹδȥҲã
Ǿô˵ˡ˵һӣܹʵսͺˡϹóĽƷɲ١
ʲôƷҹδʵ
Ӯһһƺϡ
ҹδüëһһƺϿܹٱЧꡣϹļˡ
̡
˼䣬Ϊ֮ǰ飬жЩΣҴҶɢ
գҹδ⼯ϵʱ򣬷ʮʿһٶˡǹҲˡһҹĻ壬μҲΣ໥ЦŴкȡһۼڿУ˷׷׷ϣƶȥϹصķȥ
ҿʼʼ̸۸ռļţ͸ɱնɱ飬һ˸߲ҡҹδ˵ֻϥڼװ˹ȥһʱ񴨽Ŀ⿴ҹδ
ҹʦãûȥռ䣿
װϾһƹʵƽ˭ܹڼҹδ룬ֻ֪ţɣŸĸ
ҹδЦЦȥ
񴨵ֳ˼Ͳƽ֮ɫɫʵҲ΢΢ŲÿоԼܵ˲ƽȻҹδ˵
͵͵ܳȥһΣʱŷˡҹδֳΣȻ󿴵þͽˣ͵ܲȥˡ
Ͼֳ˾֮ɫû뵽ҹδ͵͵ܵռ䡣ԼԼȻܹɣδؾͻ͵͵ܳȥ
ëöЦſڵŲȥǶԵġһռ£˵ʧ̫󡣡
û˷ëöɵĻǹҲûСһɷ֮ʥŵĺôԶ׼ġҹδռ䣬ȷʵž޴ʧʵŶҹδĽֻǸҹδһƷϵλãȫûǣŸҹδһƷϵλá
һżǵʿڵҹʦãûбҪȥռðաŵĸֺαأ
ҹʦãƷϵĸΣÿƷ϶ٺϣ
ҹδеεһûȥԣ̫
װϵɫһ㶣ӵƷϾû
ţ
ƽʱʲôԴ
Ҳ̫ȱԴëʦ֪ƽʱǺٴŵģϲĴĹУõܶԴ㹻ˡ
ʵǣΪҹδŷŴĲҩӽɽ֮󣬾ͿʼòҩߵҩһԴһߵ죬֪оϰַʽһּΪרעԾ˸£һҪԴͱܵòҩȥһòŹ׵㣬ȻȻؾ˸¡
˲һԲšʿʵӦͻ˰ɣ
ûҹδشëöɾͿڵδ벻ͻ磬Բ
װһǹи𾪣ģ
ţҹδͷûʲôġ
춼Щܲˣôͻô죿
ҲӿڵôߣͻôôǶͻʱ㻹ûͻưɣ


1140 Ϲ
⵹ǣͻƵıëʦֻҹδͷҲӦ֪ҲϲţҵƷϣŸһɽ壬ʵҲûɽϴ죬ϲĴʱΪʱ䣬ųͷ˺üΡԣǶõ紫УһΪͷ󡣡
ˣ˴ʱҲˣǻ̸۹ҹδ롣
ҹδ˫һ̯ûдУȻûͻ硣鶼ԵġȻΪûдУ޷ͻ磬ǵ̺;ȴҲʮʵҵõ֮ͻҲࡣ
װϳƬ̣̾ϢҲǰ
⻹δԹˡ
϶ԹëöЦҹδҲںϵʱһʱ䣬ųͷ
˲ɴЦëö룬Щɻδ룬һԡֻԣô̵ʱڣͻƵԲֱȴ滹Ҫ档ܹһģضҪкϵİûȥ츣ûкϣôģ˵ǽ
Զԣ˵˵˶һڴ˭ͻƵÿһЩ
˭˵ûкˣ
㲻˵û𣿡
Ҳ˵͵͵ܵռײĵһʱ͵͵ܽȥˡҹδüЦǸʱϿɶˣŪ˺ü򡣡
ҹδû˵̫࣬ʵõĺϺֹüϵĺϿɲһĶࡣԼҵģкܶʿõģһ󲿷ġҪ֪Ƿɱ˲ҪʿЩʿĴָڵԴУԼҪĶһ˺ϡ
˻
Щ˲ɵһǶռˣҲŪҹδһΣŪô࡭
֪ҹδʵڵһνռ൱ƽڣܹȵģ
ЩҲǾ壬Լҹδݵλ츣Լ²ռðգҹδȥˡʱǹ񴨶ҹδҲ˾壬Ҳһ֮ˣҹδ빰ֵ
ҹʦã֮ǰ㲻˽⣬˵һЩõĻǸ
ҹδԹӡҲãЦŰڰֵû£
Ҳڵδ룬м۷壬ͻڣܸǽ𣿡
ʿҲ¶֮ɫҹδ뵹ҲûŲ˽ͷ
ĹͬǴԴͬġҿԽͻƵľǽǶжٰҲȷ
лδ룡ʮʿҹδʩ
ҹδ룬һ˼·Ȼ㿪ʼһǴ죬ȻһʿԼʣҹδһһ½½أװϼžÿһʿ˵á
һʮȥװϵʿ½˹ȻûлʵԵͻƣÿʿоԼ˱ʱʱ̸˵أѾʮǢ
֮󣬷Ϲأۣ˽뵽Ϲأ˳ǽ֮ϣŶȥ
ϹصĹһ컯ʿֻֻҪԷ컯֣Ҳ֡þǶ롣ƽʱϹصĸһƽԲҲҹδһˣû⡣Ӹʿвƽ磬˵Ϲʳ飬ʳģʵʵرʳʿ١ԣȻûԽӴһʿӴҹδһˡ
Ӵҹδʿ޵üȻԣҹδܹ֪һ˿ȻҹδҲ⣬˭ʳս꣬ʿڣʿ߹սˣܲ
ؼǾսսʿΪߵʿնɱʳΪ͵ʿҪ󾳽ͬġȥʲôΪʿ˼ʳʲôΪʿȻ߼ʹ򲻹
λѣȰǻǲҪսˡȻ֮ģԡ
ҹδʮ˿ųǽ⣬ʳʿҫáʲôʲôڳͷϵʿһɫʮѿüƯŷ;ɥ
ȥԡ
޵ȰѣҪȥԣһҪСģоԣӻʵ˵ˡܹںʳľӻĶࡣ
񴨲çײ֮ˣͷȻ˳Уųȥӹ񴨷¶Ϣ֪һʿ̱һʳʿһ󸫳˳


1141 ս
䡭
ĽŲǳأÿ̤ǰһض𶯡Ҳֱس˹񴨡
űܶʳʿץ˹ȥо۳һֻ֣ûץʳʿǰʳʿһԾ
ˡ
ͬһʳʿһ˴Ȼһ죬ֱֻ㱻һˣͬһŹ񴨳˹
񴨵ɫһ䣬Է̫ˣ
һ̤αֱϣʳһա˵һ˵ϡ
䡭
񴨵ͨûʳʿ
ǵʳʿûж·Ѿһ㡣ҹδֳȻ֮ɫ
ⲻ
㹨ͨʳûͨҲһ㶯ûУܵһ°ɣ
ĵؿһ۸߿еĹ񴨣Ҳһľ裬һɣĿǸ֮ͨ
ͨɢȥǸʳʿ󸫲һߣȴһŹ
ಡ
һʸȥ̫ˣߡ
ɫ䣬óԼٶȣʩչԼǿ
ۡ
һ֧С
䡭
֧СڱըըڣǿʹԼǱһϹ֮ϣҲûͨһˤ˳ǽϣ˹ȥ
ˣ
ҹδ˹ȥ񴨷ŵҩŵҩȥ˹ҹδһҪԼơȻڹת֮£ʼѿػָ
˽񴨰úãٴλص˳ͷһʳ壬ɫءҹδųͷ߿˿ɫӵأܹͷϵЩʿü֮ɥ֮ӵŨ
ʿȫѹ˰
ȥϹزסˣ
ȥԣҹδʽС
δ룡ëöɫ𾪣
δ룬ǻһ£ҲֹһʿҲ׷׿ڣδ룬ٹ۲졣
ҹδҡҡͷаգ
ҹδ鲽˳µĵϡ뷽ǸʳʿԶҲһǧסǸʳʿһֿЦһ£˹˲ߵĴ󸫣˴󲽣˵ҹδ˹
ҹδ鲽߸߷ŵϵǸʳ塣ȴûͷͨͷųʶǸʳʿ˹ȥȻɫһ䡣
ʶ˻̽鲻ˡҲʳʿ㡣
ʱǸʳʿֽ󸫲һԣȡ˹Ÿ߿еҹδһ֣ȻܼĹһƬʸŸ߿еҹδ뼤
ҹδŲ̤ǲڿѾģһƬһ֧֧ʸ㿪Ȼ·ʳʿȥ

ĵǻ̻նڵϵģȴͨʵʵĽ֮
ʳʿ֪ȻǷǿ󣬵ҲɽʵʵնԼϡ
ԡ
ʳʿٴη󸫣ȡĹ׼׼ҹδʹʽҹδ벻ŲæʽʹٶԽԽ졣
ϣ
ʽץһ˿϶ʳʿϡȴֻǲ˻𻨣û˺ʳʿ١

ʳʿЦϵˡԡ
һȻǧ֮ƣͬһҹδȥóͷϵʿɫ䡣
ϡ
ҹδüĻʮɽкҹδǰܼļô
·ʳʿͣҹδҲʮɽͷ˵ϵʳʿ΢΢üͷ
֪ʹɱǸʳʿԷ̫ӲˡҪɱž޴
ҹδо޴
У
ҹδıֻܴҪʽͶԷⲫǿ˺ԷɱԷĻġϾѾƽԲˡѾ컯ֻҪʽʵʵؿڶԷϣضܹ˺Է
ʽҲ
һһգԼͶԷⲫɱԷĻᣬԷҲɱԼĻᡣ
ϹһƬž
ʱ壬壬֪Ŀǰƣʿ˭Ҳ˺˭ҹδ߾ӿУʳ˺ҲΪ룬ҹδ˺ʳʿʽʳϣ˺΢΢
ʱ򣬱ʳʿһŹһеҹδֵ
𣿡


1142 ߳
˵ǰѾ·һ߿֮еҹδŵϵʳʿ֣Ȼ
𣿡
ǡ
˭Ҳû뵽鷢ˣǵϵǸʳʿҲû뵽ܷɡ
ã
˭Ҳû뵽ҹδӦһãȻͿҹδŲ̤ǲ˲ѾʳʿϷеʽѾ
̫Ԥˣ
̫ˣ
ʳʿ¹ԵĴ󸫣ֻвִٵؾ˹ȥֵնʽ
ǣ˫־ٹֵʱǰصĿű򿪡ҹδĽȻһһһžʳʿǰϡʳʿоһɴϮĺˡʱҹδѾ۽ն
ꡭ
ĦǸʳʿԴȻҹδͿǸԴ˹ȥҹδȥһŲסȻһ̽üġԴڱǸԴˡҹδһ֣Դ嶼ս˴ָһˡ
ʳʿˣղָ
ϹһƬž
󡭡
Ϲ˺ȻҵĻһйһֱѹֿ쵽й
δ룡ëöɼۻ
δ룡
δ룡

ͷ֮ϣʿϹڵʿųͷ֮ϸ
䡭
һʳʿҹδ˹ҹδ΢΢۾ͷ֮ϣʱѾһӰڵƷϣ컯ʿ֮ͨҲųʱǸʳʿɼȵ
δ룬ƽʿ
ҹδûж۾ŶԷƽʿҲûʲôµģ¶Էʳ塣ҲԷƺûгֵ˼ûбҲûб壬ֻһһ߹
ಣ֮ͨҹδ벻һҹδࡣǱҲһ컯ʿ֮ͨ
֣֮ͨ
֮ͨ͡ЦһÿڣָָָֻǸʳƽʿ
ʱʳƽʿѾҹδ벻Զͣ
壬ϹضһЩʱ𣿡
ҹδЩ£ʲô˼
ʳ٣ʿͷɱһһʱ䣬һòҲȣ
ҹδɫһ㣺ʳʿ٣
֮ͨڽ͵ʳΪԣǷܼѣǳɳҲѡȺһֱ١ܹǧ
ҹδȻôˣúùӣNɪʲô
ۡ컯ʿ֮ͨЦˡ
ʳƽʿҹδ룬ǸɫҲѿ
ʳȻ٣쳣ǿܹͨ컯ʿֻͨùʳʿ
֮ͨͽֻܹ֮߳ͨʩչɱ˽߳𣿡
֮ͨɫһڣʳ죬Ȼܹ׵նɱƽʳ壬Ǳֻܹͨͨ߳
ֱ߳ͦţҹδҲҵȣ
ҹδһȵǿԵȣİϹصЩʳҶһ
޳ܣ߳ӵǱ㾳ֻͣսСеΪʲôսң
ҹδڰֵ˵ꡣϹصʳʿж٣ʲôΪ
߳Ի󣬲ǻشٶˣƽֻһûˡµĶǺϵͺϵһ£Ϊܵ
ٶʳΧңҲһսʳ壬Ȼ֮⡣
߳ҪӵؿڣȴҹδڰֵֻͨΣ
߳ˣ
컯ʿĻĲǸʳ崵ţơʳͨȫߣΪٸߣʳʿΪٵֻͣͨɱʳ塣ҹδȴ
ֱʳڲ֮أʳȫûзաһԵ֮ͨҲڣɫû˿仯Լˡҹδɱʳ壬ҹδڸ߿УʳҲɱҹδ롣ҹδҪͨľҪҳʳʲô컯ʿҲôģϲֳ֮ɫ
ʳ嶼о˼꣬ʳͨûʱĽ߳ҲˡֳЦȻΪԼܹɱҹδ룬ܹҹδʧܶأҲǶʿһǸոջʿһα䡣
ȷ


1143 һ
ȷ
ҵȫϣ
ԣȫϣһҲɣ
ã
߳ͷתȥ컯Ҳתȥ֮ͨҹδļ
㣬ʳûʲôͨ˲ˡԾ԰ɡ
ҡ
֮ͨѾڰ֣һȥ

ҹδ³һĲģɱʳġ˵ˣʳϹ£ɱ˺ܶ塣Ϊ͵ܵʳ壬Ҳͨܵʿľɱ˺ܶܵʿ
ĺܼ򵥣Ҫɱʳʿʳһһʿв
䡭
ʳʿŸֱҹδ˹ͷϵʿȻɫЩ㵣͸ӵؽš
ҹδضɵ߿УȻʹЩʳ˲ҹδ룬ҹδͿԲϵͷͨѰʳ
ǣǿҹδûзɣȡһ
ǱʽһƷɽվԭأڳһҪʳڵһ̬
˫ľڴһѸٵ
ǧסǧףǧסǧףǧסһǧףס
֮Ľ߳ɫˣôˣҹδ뻹ͷͨѵҪսնɱʳʿ
ˣƣ
߳ļˣʳ̫ˣÿһ˶ʳ˵Ǳ󲻵ҹδĲܣΥԼնɱʳ壬̸ȥʳ壿
ҪǰȴȻס˽ŲΪҹδ붯ˡ
ûгʳ壬վԭأеɽӶǽڿлĹ켣ռƺڲʱҹδͬһǳǳǣǳ
ͨǣǽ

߳һ뻹İףʱҹδ뷢ͨҿƣҲȷʵͨ
Ͳˣ
߳ʿ϶ֳ˼Цݣڳǽϣÿһʿŵס˺
ҹδ޳ıӰڳͷϵʿҰУеɽڿлȻŶԼѾ׵ʳʿһ˳ȥ
飡
ҹδеĳˣһɼʮƬŶʳʿȥÿһƬǣǽÿһƬ涼̲һԪ⡣ҹδԪѾ컯תڱƬ켣Ƶʮ־׼
ꡭ
һٵĦʮĸƬ׼ʮĸʳʿüģǵԺȻԺбʮĸʳʿһͷԵڵϡ
гһ˲䣬ҹδӵ˽ӴָȡһɽŶ˹ȥ
ԣʮĸʳʿԵڵϣʳʿûзӦԵؼҹδʱѾӭ˵ڶı顣
飡
ʮʳʿԵڵϣʳʿӦˡɾĶס˽ŲǾǸոնסŲͬʱˣǣǽ
顭
ֻʮʳʿʳʿܵҪȻƺأȴ֪
Ȼȡ˹ָҹδ롣˲˾ϣԶѵԶľԶ
Ƕ׼һ֮󣬾̺ˣҹδ롣ҹδĳƬǣǵļʸ䵽ҹδ롣
ˡ
顭
һüкʮɽҹδǰϵͬʱĵı˳ȥٴα飬Ƭȥ
ԡ
ԷļʸҲڽĻ֮ϣĻסʮʳصԵڵϡ
ʱ߳ʹöҪȥˣô˲ĹʳʿѾ˽һٸˡʳʿʼɿĺˣҹδ룬ĹУϵʸǼܼͬһǽһ㣬ҹδ뼷ѹ˹

ܼļʸһϣڵϡҹδ΢΢üͷԷںԼѾǧ⡣Էƾž޴ĹʸźǿĹ
ǣԼǣǽУ
ǣǽȻܹԽǧ׵ľ룬У˥ˡҪǣǧ׵ľ룬ʳܵʱ䡣ֻҪûйǵԴǹǵϣҲֻˣƵĻָǳ죬㿳һֻ첲ǶὫ첲һͻָˡ
ҹδʹʮǰͷųǽϺ
˭й
Уһʿ⹭Ʒɱ
Ȼ㽫˹


1144 ն߳
ҹδηһץס˹
͡
ļʸ˹ʮɽһƣʸסҹδĽѾһصļʸҹδһץץ֧ʸָмס乭ʶ
ԡ
ҹδʸٴӵץʸķ䣬չֳٶȣֱ۶ȫģĲӰ
еļʸļʸУеļʸʳܣеļʸûҪмʸʳüġϾЩʳʿΪҹδ̫ࡣҹδʸٶȱǿ
һʳʿ£Ѿһˡ߳ȥˡ֪ȥյĽֻܹԼȫ𡣶ҹδ벢ûз档飬˼ͨģҲ֮ͨһë

ˡʣµĶٶʳʿӪȥҹδû׷׷ɱҲɱ˼ҲһӪˣǸ컯Լһ£֮ͨԶŹ˳ͷк
лˣ
ʿЦδҪɿڡ
ҹδʿ֣Ȼת˶֮壬ĿǸƽʳ塣ʱƽʳҲ޵Ŀҹδ롣˫컯ʿڣս޲ھǰɱҹδ롣ʱҹδ벻ߣⲻʾ
ɶ߳ȵ
ҹδˣ֣һ
ͷϵ֮ͨˣδ롭
ãĽ߳ҹδ뷴ڣӦһãҹδ˹
ͷϵ֮ͨˣҹδѡǿͷϵʿʱǽ߳Ѿ嵽ҹδǰһҹδҹδֳʽ̤̤ǲʱ䣬ǽ߳еĳһ㣬ĵУҹδšеĳһֱý߳ҹδγ
ϣ
ҹδˣֱüģ߳صֵײ߳оһȡоҹδҪڴ󣬵ҲȫѹԷеĵǷ£ʺϿʼҵĿ񹥡
ҹδɶżÿһγ˻ƺҹδ㣬Ȳ߳ܵζЩ΢Сüβ߳ķ˵óͷϵһʿĲѡ
ҹδȴǳ棬治ϣȫûʹԼڲ߳һϣÿһγͳײڹ۲߳ʮζײ֮Ѿ߳Щˣرڷĳʱ򡣷ľ˽ϡ
ڣ
ҹδһֱ̳߳üġ
߳ŵĽãҪҹδĳĿǵγͳཻ˲䣬ɫˡ
Ĳ
˵ķҹδĳûиı䳤һ˿켣ĺëдѾˡ
̫ˣ
ҹδȫıֺܹ
ꡭ
ͽĦҹδʽ˽߳üģʶڱը
߳ˣ
ҹδս˴ָС
䡭
ǽ֮ϣʿžһ£Ȼ󳹵׷纣Хһ㡣ÿ˶ʳˡƽ类ɱˣҲɱˡϵһ¶ҹδɱһٶӴˣʳ岻սˡʳˣֻҪҹδ뻹ϹأʳͲս
ʿ׷
ҹδڵӣɱһٶʳʿս˴ָС֮ͨѾҹδϿգĿ컯ʿ¶컯ͻȻҹδ롣
۽ǵ⿴æʬҹδ룬ƲƲ졣һԡ
Щʳʬĺ󰡣ĲϡرǸƽʿʬ塣
Ѿͷ˰
ϵҹδɿشɨսȻųͷȥ֮ͨ˶һۣһӣ˳ͷҹδ룬ɸп
δ룬ıӦƽ۷壬Բ˰ɣ
ţҹδͷҲûû֪ԼɲƽԲ컯嶼תɡ
ضͻƽˡˣЩʳʬܷ׸Ҽ
ƽĲܸµ͸㼸Լ
һҹδ뽫һٶϵһµʳʿ˳ͷϡ֮ͨЩʹ
δ룬ҪǸƽġ
Уҹδҡͷһǵһμ壬ҪȥооܲܽЩʬ嶼Ƴɿܡ


1145 о
㻹ʦ֮ͨʵ
ʦ
룡֮ͨϲҵǲЩʳˡ뷨кܶʦҲо˺ܾúܾãûгɹġ
ҹδͷҾòֻӦýƷ
֮ͨɫһ㣬Ȼϲ⵹һ·㻹һɷ֮ʥ˵ܹ߳һ·㽫һƳɹ۸Ҽ
ҹδڰֵʲôʱǰƽĲ͡
ã֮ͨҲǳҹδˬ졣УҹδʮʮΪƽʿɵĻΪ컯ʿԣҲûҹδǰڳǰļӡ
ߣϷģ
ã
֮ͨסķȥͷһƬĽĿ⡣ǿ컯ʿܹ컯ʿģܵ컯ʿָ㼸䣬һ
ͣЦһʲôĽġ
㲻Ľ۵
Ľ񴨵
شΧʿһ㣬Ľղ͸
񴨵ĽδںδΪһ컯ʿ̸ϲҪ룬ڳʱһ컯ʿ̸һꡣ
ҲǻȻ׷׵ͷ
ҹδʲôݣ
Ʒϣɷ֮ʥ
ݱ˵ԼŵƷϣ컯ʿȥһ컯ʿЩ컯ʿҲҹδӡ仰˵֮ͨҹδ룬Ϊҹδɷ֮ʥݺ컯ʿλȣƽƽһ£̬ҲƽˡֺȥȾơ
ֵأӮ
ҹδ֮ͨ˲ʱ䣬֮ͨҲҪָҹδ룬һꡣ󲻵òΪʺҹδľģָ㣬ҹδ붼ҹδ뽲컯ҹδȫ
ǽƽ羳ҹδģ֮䣬֮ͨ㲻ˣΪֶʿûкôӰʿķٽȥҹδûãڻҹδ롣
ҹδҲףм֮ͨȻӦϹһʱ䣬ʳʿսⲻûпܣò˰꣬ʳͻдʿظЩʿضҹδսʳû컯ʷʳʹûг컯Ӧúǵйϵƽ簡֮ǰǸ߳ƽڣʳƽԲġ
֮ͨҹδ밲ŵסڡҹδҲûƴǣڶھÿͻƵڣоΰʳƳɿܡʱ䣬ҹδĿǰԼѳɹԼҲҪΪʦҲ˵ԼҪƳƷɱС
ҹδŵڰݷ֮֮ͨͨҹδӭ˽ǿüĿ
ô᣿ҹδʧЦڵˮƽ޷Ƴ
ҵˣ
ǰɣҹδͷҳƲ⣬ӦҵˮƽҪͻƴʦ硣Ϲв𣿡
У֮ͨЦôĹôûУҵĸĴ治٣Ĵࡣ
һ˵ţһȡһƵݸҹδȥۿýʯ
ҹδӹƣֵ֮ͨлǰ
֮ͨڰֵÿܾƳɹˣҲϾ֮δ룬㲻ɽʱ䶼ڴ˴ΪҪ
δףֻҿԲҪͻƵڣһ͵顣ÿҲ۰ɡ
ã֮ͨοͷҲҪʵٶѾˡڻǧɣ
ˣ
ͻƵĲ٣ܹͻƵڵľͷëˡͻƵԲģ֮١ܹڰͻƵڡʷܹȼģҲһ֮
ҹδٴιΪлǰ㣬ס
УȥɡϷ򾲺
ҹδ뿪ȻֱϹصĲ
ϹصĲܴռؼ㣬㡣ҹδ֮ͨƣûˡػʿҲܺãǵնɱʳʿ
ҹδӴ˾˲һ߷ʳɳϣһĶû÷øõĺɵϣǵԼͻ컯ڡϣЩ˷ѡǼˣҹδոջһȴ֪н뵽֮Сһȥҹδˡ
´;ͬ飬Դͬġʱ򣬱˴ʱ֪нԼڵ򣬽뵽֮СʱлȻԼ֮ٶȿ죬һԼԸߣԴ㣬һҲΪԼɷ֮ʥԼҪȱܶࡣ


1146 峤
һΰȥ
һգػҵҹδ롣
δ룬ʳսˡǰ㡣
ҹδͷϣȥһֱҲóȥɽˡ
ػߺΧʿЦˡ׷µߣȥҹѾ
ߣ֮ǰƣڿˬ÷𣡡
ҹδ˳ͷ֮ϣ֮ͨߣЩ֣֮ͨƽģ˵սǹǶֻжԷ컯֣Ż֡ʵ
ǰôˣ
٣֮ͨЦһս
ҹδ㻹ս֮ǰ˵㶼
˭˵ҲģǲǴ򲻹ʳϴսҲͳˣ
ҹδһӾˡ֮ǰΪΪ˿Լɱʳ壬ܹˬ
Ҿȥɱ
ã֮ͨϲЦտ
ҹδ벢û̷³ͷųվŵһʳʿ
ĳҹδ롣ԲһµʿսҶˡʳһһҲһȺһϡ
Ǹͷǧ׵ʳʿ߳ɱģ

ɸһս
ҹδǧǸʳʿʲôΪ
ʳ嵱峤ƽԲ
ҹδӵһƽԲҪսһԲأأ
ʳȴ̬ΪڣıԲڣҸҿ϶ıҲƽڡ
壬ˣ
ͷϵҹδƵҾһԲ˭Ҳ񶨲ˡƾʲôҪһƽԲ
ҪǲӦҾս嶼˻
ͷϵʿŭ뵱ǱЩʳսѹƵ䡣ѵҪʳѹ
ǺǡҹδЦҪսҲսұɤţ˭¡
䣬ҹδͷſɤӣңҹδ룬ԲҪսͬʳʿʳɸӦս
ʳɸӦս
ڿռصͷϵʿȻЦҲû˿ѹ֡ˬ÷
սؿսǣǸӦս𣿡
ʱҹδĴɤʳ壬Ƕ˰𣿡
Ǹʳ峤ñȵ죡
ұ죬Ҿͱ찡
ҹδֺ˼ɤӣȻſǸʳ峤սң
ʳ峤۾һ
ҴӦ
ҹδЦЦûʲôҵġһƽڣһڣΪʲôҪӦս
仰˵ʲôô
ʳ峤ĬȻƬ̣Ҳ֪ȥûнģԼսҹδҲ񷽲ŲԼսʹʿʿԼߵʱڵ䣬̧ͷעųͷϵҹδ
ʲô
ҹδ̯̯֣Ҳ֪ʳʲôöóҿûҸȤġ
ʳʿӴָȡһ
óһ
ҹδҡͷ


㵽Ҫʳ峤ŭˣԼĶóˣҹδûп۵ġ
ҹδʼûҿ۵İ
ʳ峤ĬȻƬ̵ɡ
ҹδ룺ɣҴӦսսһʳ˳ⳡս
Ӯҡ
ҹδ֮ԱǣӮ㣬Ͱˡ֮ʳ廹˭ܹսң
ʳսֳĬƬ̣ңڿʳ齵㣬Ϊū͡
ͷϵ֮ͨԣ۾һȴҹδˣ𣡡
֮ͨɫһźҡҡͷҲ֪ҹδ˵ʵЩʳ̽ޣרԸֹؽ
ʳ峤Ҳûˣʱҹδ˳ʳ峤Ķ棺
ɣʳ岻ͨȻǽҲֻʤ
ô֣
Ҿվ໥ȭ˭ˣ˭ˡӮˣ̴˳ⳡս
Ҫأ
ôôīأ㲻ҪսڴӦˡʵǿʹҰ
ʳ峤һӾͷӦ˹صͷ
ã


ʳ峤֪ѵõĻᣬûһ˿Žȭͷҹδ˹ҹδҲһȭԺ˹ȥ
ϳ£嶼Ŀȭͷϡ
䡭
ȭͷײһȻ󡭡


1147 
顭
ʳ峤ÿһ¶һӡͣʱ𾪵ؿŶϾҹδ롣
ͷϵֳ֮ͨЦݣʹҹδıǷﵽƽԲҹδͷȷҹδ벻䣬ȴû뵽Ӯôɴࡣ
컯ֳɱ⣬͸֪һ˫ĿѾңң̧ͷȥǳͷϵ֮ͨ̾Ϣһ֪Լûл֡
ʳ峤ʱѾӦ˹ҹδɣ˵ҹδ벢ûʹȫʳеĻɣ
Ϊʲôȫ
ҹδЦǺǵҵƲ㣬ȫĻ˵ûϣɱ㣿
ʳ峤Ȼвҹδɱ䲻Ļ
ҹδҲûеش𣺡ɱ㣬Ϊŵԣ˸ȥĶȥĶֻҪⳡսͿԡ㲻ᷴڰɣ
ᣡʳ峤ҡҡͷ˼Ƭ̣ӴָȡһҶ״ĶȡһһЩѶϢȻݸҹδ
ҶϢ͸㣬ҲǷ顣
ҹδӹҶս˴ָСʳ峤Ҳɴ࣬ͷߡȻ컯סʳ峤˫˼䣬ʳ峤뿪ˡ
ҹδѾص˳ͷϣʳ뿪֮ͨǰʳ岻ѹٴβսɣ
ᣡ֮ͨЦͷʹʳ壬Ҳͷʹʳ٣ҲҪķѾ޴ʱ岻ôġ㵹Ǹһ鷳ӽǲսˡ
ǾͺãˣҲ뿪ˡ
Ҫߣ
ţҿԲҪѰͻƵ
ǿоô
ûͷ
¶Ǽõġ
ҹδ˵ҪߣҲϾߡҲҪëöɵ˴кʲôƻصԼķ䣬ҹδȡʳ峤Ҷûʲô⣬ֻһƾûĹŵϢȻȡǸĶüֳ˾ᡣ
һô˵ôɽ絮֮ʱѾˡһ컯ڡô壬Ըº͡һһʥأΪӵƾõ¼䣬ʿ³ӣش
Ϊһ㣬廹壬ô˼ǵٴҪշʱ򣬺ʶû׬ˡ컯ʿ֣ҲֻǺʹ֣һЩʿġҲΪһ¼ʿųֻҪʿ󣬴϶Щʿǽõ򡣵Դ֮󣬴;ܾʿ
ʱţ컯磬ʱҲһЩ鷳ǷһЩ顣ÿһǷ飬ͳһƬصҶֻҪʿƬҶܹһĻᡣ
ҹδʱеƬҶ
Щᣬһû£֪١һʳ峤ƭأ
һ棬ģڸĵͼôڵҪܹԼ˵һΣó̡
ģʳ峤ȴʱ컯ʿ컯ʿ͵ԼȥȻڰнɱԼ
ȥ֮ͨǰɣ
ҹδվ뿪˶֮ͨĶڣ֮ͨҹδӭ˽Щ棬ոշֱôܹˣ
δ룬£
ҹδ뽫ƬҶݸ֮ͨǰ֪Ҷ𣿡
֮ͨӹҶԼ˿Ҳ¶һ˿Ľ֮ɫҶ

ԣϣܹЩ컯ʿ֮ΪģֻһǴĶõģ
ǽʳ峤꣬͸ҵġҶ𣿻Ǹô¶
ģǸ֮ͨ齲һ飬ʳ峤͸Ϣһⲻҹδ˷Ҳ;ԼͻڵĻᡣ
ǰ˵᲻ʳ峤ıʱ֪컯ڰ;нɱң
⵹ǲᡣʳ廹ŵġǳŵԡ
ǡǰӦȥ
ȥȻӦȥôĻԵΪʲôȥҪ֪ûλᣬҲῨڼ꣬ǧꡣᣬҲ㼸ͻˡÿһξͻƣǶʿһĸ
ȥȷʵЩΣաǵս֮ȥҲΣաȥֻҪܹȫͨӪأԺ·ǰȫģϾ󲿷ֶǰߣ󷽿顣ԺȥĴΣա


1148 
ǰ˼
ҪԼǡԼá
Уһ롣ǰȥ˴ʲôҪעģ
ֻҪóǸҶͻ뵽ڡ
뵽ڣ
ԣԳɿռ䣬֮Ϊֿռ䡣ԽֵߣõԽࡣܲס
Ϊйأ
ʿйءȻ˵ǺΪйҲԡΪֻн컯ܹ⾳ȻЩ벽컯Ҳܹ򡣶ûģҪ벻ܡֻΧҲһԵ㹻ͻˡǣܹ룬ҲڴھͻˡΧӦҪȥչؼ꣬ʮʱ䡣
ҹδ˼뿪ˣգѰҵëöɵˣǽļƻëöɵ˾ϹضһЩʱ䣬Լҹδ˵ԼҪȥǱȥ
ҹδյľھȥǱߣΪ֮ͨ˵еʱȥֻҪܹȫشӪأԺһ·̹;
ҪӪأӸ߿շɿ϶УС߶ʱʱ̵̿żռʿǱҲضСԻûȥ
ҹδ뿪Ϲأߣ彻սսߺܳÿһķߣ컯ʿԣҹδѡһ컯ʿĵش˱컯ʿע⵽С˺ܶࡣԱԼܹȥ
ʮպ
ҹδ׵ؽ뵽ķߡûʣߵÿطʱк󷽵ʿǰȻҲʱʿ뿪壬ʱڣҵĵֻһ
Ǿ壡
ҹδûóóȻؿʼԼļƻηߴʮ죬ҲύһЩˣҪǶڶ֮ӪҲһŵ˽⡣
ҹ
ҹδѡһڰµ죬ץһƣȻԼ뵽ڣɰС뵽ƵĸУȻߣһһĵǱĴɡ
һ׵ľ룬һҲò϶೤ʱ䣬ɵ˾ӪزԶصطȻҹδͿʼСˡ
ʲôط
Ӫء
ʲôûУ
һָϲƣͷһƳˣԼô죿
ԣҹδ뿪ʼƣһһӪúһֱҹʱ֣ƲŽ뵽ӪУȻҹδڿҪʱһϣ
ȵڶҹҹδƼ˺ķ¶ʱ䣬оյشӪءҹδҲСģɿ죬ҹδѡһسıòŪһȻӷкϢſʼŴķӶȥ
ν뵽彮ûǱ͵͵ȡΪ͵͵ȡʱûԼĿĵġ˵ȻʲôװԼġ
ڲһĿĵġҪȥġ;˿⡣ΪԭûгǺ±ʿż֡ԣȻһʿݣһ·ǱУܹܿͱܿԲ¡
Ϊһ·ϼΪ˳ҲΪ󷽿飬ܳʱ䶼ʶع£㰲Ȼ¡
ҲΪжķʽٶȼΪȥ˰꣬ſǿô
Ȼɵˣ
ʱǿôʮңԶȴѾǿô
ΪǿôȻƣͬһɽһߣ֮ǺɽҲֺܸߵɽܹôȡ
Ȼ˺ܾãǿôӳ
ôֵͬһɽ塣

ܳ
ǴʱǿҹδҲ֮ңɼǿǶôľ޴
ҹδĽŲһ٣Ϊʿ˹Ȼ㽫Χм䣬Ǹʿһ˫۾
ʲô
ҹδ붨˶񣬴ӶԷʻпԵ֪Էûϳݣ
һֱ˵ȴһֱûۿԹ
Ǹʿ´ҹδ룬Щɡҹδ˵Ҳûÿ궼ô
еǵһۣǴųʥ̬ġ
еȴһ£ܸܲжһԵ
еͬһ㣬ûдٵĻᡣǴٵĵȻʲôԴҹδеǸҶǸֻҶˡԼܹٵҶӵ˽뵽Ļᡣ
Щò⣬֪ҹδǲ˵ʵ
ǲĴָ


1149 
ҹδǱŲʿ߿һһֵӣ¶֮ɫ
ҹδ̾Ϣһ֪Լ͵ˡҪһ£ɫϿҵ
Щ֣Ƕ壬һˣ԰ɣ
Źͬĵˣ壬԰ɣ
ʵ⣬Ҳϻشˣ԰ɣ
£Ҫ鿴ҵĴָǲڲ
ײ֮ʱ漸ڧ㲻Կ棿
֮СɵӰȴ󡣻ͬԭĻҲԲǸʱĴڧʲôֿ壿
ڧķѣضǸʱ佫ɱһжΪҽ֮Ļ
崫ǧ꣬ҪС
ͣͣ
͸оԼԹ˵ģʲô壿
̫ܳˣ
ٳȥԼˣ
ôȥǰߣܹʿ˵
վҹδ壬ʱͷ亹ҪѸŮ˵嶯Ů湻޳ܡ
ʿݺݵصҹδһۣУ㡣ƭҡƭңһС硣
ĸƭƽʿҹδæЦ
ƽʿȻ֪ͺã
ҹȥˣ
ƽתתһȥ
˰ɣ
ʿЦã
úã
ҹδͷȻٲŴȥҹδߡҹδߵò죬Ǹ岻ͷ

ҹδҡͷҵһμǴųʥ̬ġҪϸܴæ
ʿҹδһۣҲҹδⷬҹδĻ˼֡ЩʥʿˡǲģҪҹδ롣
˭ҹδ뾹ȻԽԽˣʿвͣҪǳ⣬ɫȴһҹδ뾹Ȼơ
Ҳ
ʵϣҹδ뻹ҲǳԾԼھǴ֮ңܹоһȦȦԼɢƾµϢԼһӶ֣ҹδԭ
ʿջ̲סʵˣ
ҹδڰѵ״̬Եͷ򡣡
ôأƽʮֲ⣺ҶʮˣҲûôģ
ҹδҲǲ죬԰ЩֱӰʿ϶ݣȻܹһ㣬ԷΪֱԼߣȻû
ҹδлȻӦԲԼԼԭ͸ߣڿ˲٣ܹ뵽״̬ʿΪԲԼȴҲﲻ״̬ҡͷ
Ҳ֪
ʲô
ҹδһ˵ҸһµϢ·һ³ǰ
һʱ
ҲǣҹδҡͷµĳӰӵŸְ
ֻһָоǿʲôӡָоҲʱ䳤ӣԲʱһµĳӦǴ̲ĵɢһֱϴĸо

Ȼǣ
ҹδ봿ſڿӡ
ʿɳҪµϴ񣬵Ǹоһį
ҹδ뿴ʿģзЦǿżǰȥƬ̣ûã̧ͷҹδѾ߳ȥһǧףһӡ׷ҹδ룬ΪǸƽŭ
ƭң
ҹδɫȻôƭˣ
Ҹûи򵽣ûУҲûС
ʿҲҡͷŭصҹδ롣
ҹδɫѣ˶ģ˵ܹ򵽣Ǿһܹ򵽵ġ
˼ԱҸߣ
ҹδϵӦǵġ
Уңʲô
ҹδأ뾲
ƽ廳ɵؿҹδ룬ҹδҡͷԵˡû뵽ʥջ񡣵ѣҪˡ
䣬ҹδֻǰȥߵúԽߣĶԽ࣬Ҫ⽥ĹУøĸ
ϸҹδ룬ҹδһָ״̬ץץԴԼԲ
岻ɶһۣûȥҹδĸ壬壬ֻҪûޣ֮ǲϱʿġһֹ򣬶Ҵϱ˸һûŪ֣ᱻּǺһӣ֪ʲôʱ򣬾ͻᱨ
ԣʱ巴ҹδʥġûдҶҡҡͷͷ㲻ٸҹδ롣


1150 ռ
ҹδߵǧ׵ʱ򣬾͸оԼبŵڵƿһЩɶ
һ۴вɸ̾˲𰡣
ٴԼľžСֻһְ״̬Ϊǿô£ŲʿĿ֮١
Щ˴ʱҲҹδ룬Ҳ֪ҹδ״̬ЩеʿĿһʷϵĴУҲй˵еʿýڴܹЩʿֻҪһվɽ綥˵ĴС
֮ǰǸƽʿЩ룬Լ֮ǰȻҹδףҲûʵϵĵ΢
ҹδߵǿô£ʱڵƿѾɳ˴룬ҹδ̧ͷ˿ǿô룬Χʵ
λѣǰϴ𣿡
ʿص⵹ãڴǰ飬ǰǺܺദ
лл
ҹδǸʿл֮󣬱Ϸɣǧɸߣſʼɢ֦Ҷҹδ뵽֦ҶУȻӦΧϷɣɵ˰֮ϣϷɣͣȻ䡣ҵУԼǿϥϡŽ뵽УܹͻƣԼǿȻǸʱٽ뵽Уûࡣ
£Щͷϣ̫ߣҴ֦ҶïǵĿѾҹδ룬ȻҲûʶɻһ㣬ŵҹδһ̾
Ľ
׷׵ͷеҲϥ£ԿԼܲеʿҲϣѰϥԸ򡣴ּž
һ죬죬졭
һ££¡
ҹδĵڣһţͻˡͻƵأ뵽ڡԪʼۣеԪԭͼΪŨȳڵؾŨҹδ˳ͻơ
µ嶼̧ͷҹδķȥ
ͻˣ
øߵԣ
δһа
ÿжֳһͷʿҪύһƺûмʿ֪Ǹģ
Щʿʼ
ʶЩ𣿡
ʶ
еʶ𣿡
׷ҡͷһʿж˺ģھصȴҹδͻϡϵЩʿҲ澲صȴ
֮
ҹδΪﵽԲ޷ͻȥʿͻҪڽйעϣÿһСףҪиε򡣽εĵϹע뵽СڵҹδоҪһΣҪܾõʱ䣬ڴϡ
ҹδȡǸҶǸҶһóǰһ֦һֻ֣ҹδ˹ҹδ㽫ƬҶ˹ȥֻֽӵҶ֦ͬƬҶʧˡ
ҹδŴô仰˵
Լƨɵһ̹⣬ȻҹδʧڴϡʱվµЩʿΪûʶۿ֪ҹδʧˡ
ʱҹδ뷢ԼվһռڣµĴһȦȦ֡һĶ
ˣڴʲôʱȥ˵Ϳԡȥ֮󣬱ûлٽ㻹һƬͳȥҶ
лǰ
ҹδ빪ʩȻٲȥ֪ԽߡĻԽ
һţһ߸ţвɾȡ
ĸоµϴ·̤µĳӣоԼڷ·³ӵߣԽߣԽܹӽ³ӵԴͷԽǽӽԴͷԽܹǨԭ㡣
ԽߣҲԽ󣬸տʼʱֻǸоҪƿǰߡ˰ʱ֮󣬾Ͳˣʼ·ϣ³ײҹδı塣
ҹδ볢Ԫƿû˿ЧȻñǿǰЧҲ󣬶ǰƽЧԽԽСȻ粽С
ҹδаֻܹˣ԰ɣ
ҹδֻǣǽһ֣֮ģûĳ̶ȡ
ҹδɢһɹâͬǻԡ
ǣǽ⡣
Ȼ
ҹδ͸оԼһ壬ǰͬޡ
첽ǰȥ˽һյʱ⣬ٴθо̶Ȳ
ҹδ벻ϲ֪Լܹߵ̶ȣѾˣκһʿߵ


1151 
ҹδϥ˫ʼ
ܿϽ뵽ĵ֮С
һµĳӣϲڳˢЩˢУⶼǴڴӳգЩδǴģֻǽգڡ
ԣʮַӣֵ϶С
ҹδѰţѰҵ̫Լķ
һ죬죬졭
ʱڷ·ֹţƿʼٴɳڡԭͻڣͻƾͻףֻʮʱ䣬ҹδͻƵأʱ䣬ͻƵأֻ˰ʱ䣬ͻƵԲ
ԪŨóؾٱҹδͻƵļΪ˳
ͻƵԲ֮󣬽ͻƽ硣
ν磬ǵɽ磬ڵҹδ롣սпͷų磬뵽ԼĽС
ԼĽУԼǽƿߣԼĽ磬ԼʵʮʮķӣԼеĵˡʵᱻѹƣܹӳһѾǼޡ
ǽܡ
ǣĽܹʿ֪ġһͷų磬־ܹ˶־ŶӦԵֶΡ
磬ԷҲнĻͷų磬Ľײ硣
ȻҲߣߺζ뵽ĽС
ΪĽԵıԵܹ
ƽ磬ƿıԵ
ʿͷŽʱͬϸԷ֪ĽͷųĽ֮Ļʮںϣ޷֣Ϊʵ硣ر뵽С
ƽ磡
Ҫƽ磬ҪһԾʽ
ҹδ֪ڵԼܹڶʱģԼڴ֮ڡ

ҹδܹһЩпƽȣܹҲҪΪʱ䡣
ҹδܹﶺΪʱ
Բܣ
ÿһ̣Ҫͷ⣬ܹ³ӸȥάҪʶġ
ҹδԪǿ󣬵ҲֹΪλñͷŵޣʶٶȷǳ졣ռܹѸٻָԪͱˢ˳ȥҪʶһЩûа취һǺˣһǽøһЩ
ֻһ֡ǱǣǽֻСɾ硣ҹδ룬ﳢһ£Լܷǣǽ򵽴ɾ硣
ҹδרע֮£̷˲ͬ
֮ǰֻֿ³ӵĳˢҲ˵һַ״̬Ҫǣǽ⣬ͲòԼӳȥѰʺԼ⡣
һ뿪Լһǳ³ΡȻͷ³Ųٵ⡣
Щ󣬸ָ
ǣǽǳ⣬ҹδѰ³еǳ⡣
һḶ́һҹδԽԽԶϡ
ڲϵسԣһ⡣Ȼ֣ⲻǳ⣬Լһȥ·ǸԼͽȥԷ֮УᱬײԷ·ҪԼ⡣
ŪЩ֮ҹδ뷢⣬СؿȥֶԼײʱ򣬱뿪Ⲣǿⱻ³еײ顣
һѰҹ̣ѰʮҹδȻоԼⱻһһ˹ȥб㲻һϲ
ǳ⣡
ֻͬһܹ໥ںϡ
˵ҹδָͬ״ĻҹδͬӤȭͷԣҹδһӾͳһС
ҹδʱĵԼͬˡĻԼʧȥԭԼ⡣
ûзӦҹδ뵽ǳĻ֮С
ҹδһ
Ӧǳ⣬ûԡԼҪľǳУվͺá
ҹδ·ƿһȴţһµ硣
ûиоԼǣǽٶȻô죬ԭΪԼҪǣǽ򵽴ɣµҪԼͻ컯֮ȴû뵽Լ˻Ե
ҹδ룬ȡһƺ룬˲ǳٶȸ졣
ʶ֮Ҫյʱͻռȡ䣬˴ȥڽǳȫա
΢΢ҡҡͷʱʶԼǣǽ»쳣ǿôһǳ⣬ȴûԼǣǽɾ硣
ûУо˺Զ
ǾͼҰɡ


1152 ʦ
³еܶ࣬Ҷģ˵ЩҲǴġֻǴԪ̫ãھ֮У֪˸Ӱ˵ĶҲͰ⡣
ֿռڣֱͬһС档ЩƯСе³С
ĺܶ࣬ҲΪֿռٴ󣬺ҲʮСյĶȴ̫࣬ԺСĿռڣ˳
УҲû⣬෴Ҫȴö࣬ȴ޷֣Ϊ̫
Ŀռ̫СԾԵ࣬һ࣬޷أ˳
࣬ǺӣҪҵһǳĲס
Ͼһ⣬ȻûʵϵͻƣҲ˾ҹδ㹻˳ϡ
Լȥһʱ⣬ҹδһϲţɢǳ⣬һһС
⻹ܽ
ҹδ⿿˹ȥҹδǰȻоЩΪȻо֮ȴû֮ǰǳôǿ
⣡
ҹδ˲両ֳͷȻҪԶ֮ľ롣Ǹ𾪵鷢ˡͻȻˣ˹
һӾͰǰлˣҹδѾս׼˱ɵ׼ʧȥ⣬ҲȴҪͷһ޴ʧ˰֮󣬲û̹һŴдһ
壿
ҹδҲ̸֪һ£ӶԷܹ֪һ˿ϢҲȥǣǰҲ壿
ִ⣺ĸŵģ
ڡ
ҹδûҲûãҲԷͳйϵܹԼһءȻԷͳгǾƴ£ⲻҪˡ
ڣ⾪һ£˭
ҹδбһԷԳںϤ᲻ǳеĳϣ
ʮ˸Ʒϣ겻ڵֻĸ᲻
ȴصҹδ롣
ҹδ룿Ǹ˵ʵҿķϣΪ㡣㡣
ҹδ뵹ǲǰһλǰǳʿ𣿡
֪˵ѡھûһҹδ컯ʿһҹδʿûС뿪Ҳǧʱ⣬㲻ңǧǰֻһϵǧ컯˰ɣ
֪ҹδ⴫ֻĸ컯ʿڣǧǰ뿪ţλǰ˵뿪ǧˣĪǾǹۺͿԪǰ
㡭֪洫ЩȣܣƷϣ֪
ҾǳƷϡҲ컯ʿ
Ʒϣ컯εƷϵģ
Ϊɷ֮ʥ
ĬƬ̣⴫磬⣿
Ҳʵһֽͨʱ򣬲֪һ˿⡣
ȷ˵滰
޷ȷϡ
ȥڵĵطҿơ
ⲻУǳڵأдأĽⱻˡҵҵıڣ̫Σˡ
ɣȸȥǵı壬Ȼȥı壬Σ
ãҹδӦĵʮˬ졣
ȥĿģĴѰ⡣ԣǺܿĿĵءҹδ뿴ϥʿϸǹۺͿԪءΪűǵĻҹδ
ʱ뵽ʿڣʿۣȡһƣݵҹδǰ
Կ
ҹδ͸һ˿⣬ܿ쿴ƣǳڵƷϣҲǴϲ
Ҵǰȥҵı塣
ԪЦǱȥɣܾûмͬˡȼǺúģȴ·
ã
ҹδһǰ·ٶȼ죬컯ȴǽ档һʱ䣬ҹδͻصԼڣվվԼǰʩ
λʦ塣
ԪЦǳƷϣͽʦ֡
ҹδ뼱æȡԼƣݸˣʶ̽飬ҹδڣصƷϡж¶˾ϲ
Ʒϣ
ţ
ɷ֮ʥ
ţ
ôˣ
ҹδͿʼ˭֪Žһͷͱ˴ϣɽѾײˣ


1153 볤
ȻҲҹδشָ㣬ԿЦǹˡײˡ
Ȼֿҹδδ룬ϸ˵˵
ã
ҹδ㽫Լ֪Ĺײɽľ˵һ顣ۺͿԪԭŵɫ׷
ô˵£
ţ֮ǰ¡ɽҲռơ
;ͲŻȥˡԪЦ
ҹδ벻һ㣬ײǺ
һΣ˲Ҫˣ
ǰ
ʦ֣ۺЦ
ҹδͷλʦֲȥҺϣ
ҡҡͷֶ컯ʿѾûʲôˡǲĻԵ
ҹδһʦ˵Ǹ⣿
ԣ컯Ҫġˣյʲô̶ȣ
յʲô̶ȣҹδЩ¡
Ŷƽʱʲô
ƽʱҲãսʱá
սʱôã
ʵ֮ǰ֪ģһֽͨҸǣǽȻ֪Ķ⣬ÿһͷʱ򣬶ǣǽʱ򡣡
ԪȤһԡ
ã
컯УҹδҲûн飬ûȡʽС
룡Ԫֳ֮ɫǡʯƵģ
ţ
ҿ
ҹδ㽫ʽ˹ȥԪغ͹˴һϸشʽ
ʯˮƽδ룬Ūʯ
Ե˵á
ǲˡ㻹ʯ𣿡
У
˴ϲ۰Ͱ͵ؿҹδ룺ܽ׸һЩ𣿡
ԣֻλʦʲôף
˶һۣӿЦȻǳ˵
ǹ㿴ӵеĶ
ҹδæֵǲܹһ磬ôῴ컯Ķ
УҵĴָԼ۽ԼĴָݸҹδ롣
ԪҲԼĴָݸҹδ룬ҹδ뵹Ҳûпʶֱ̽һԣö٣ٶƽʿáǶҹδûʲôôееãҹδҲȱ
ҹδɫ˱Цôû˵ɣ
˽ӹҹδݹĴָ׵ĶȼŰɣҪʲôУҪǰʲôæһֱԼǸѾ㹻ˣǾˡ
УҹδҲˬ죺Ҫʯ
ȭͷôһһͿԡ
ҹδȡʯֱݸˣԪؽʽҹδ
ܴһҿĳ̶ȡ
ã
ҹδʽûаſԪش̳һ
ԪɵһָӭҹδеĽʼɣ˲
䡭
ײҹδŵŵŵԪջָǾȣ
ȻҪʵܹ
һԵĹɫһˣ
ǣԪҡͷ⣬ĻʵǿıԪתˣ
ţҹδͷתɡ
˻
Ԫغ͹ͬʱһĿ𾪵´ҹδ롣죬Ԫɲŵʵ
һ磿
ţԲ
šţ
ҲûжʣǸ˵ܡԪصѾﵽСɣȴֻšڽ⻯Ρ
⻯Σ
ţ
˿ʼҹδ⻯ΣС⣬ѧϰ⻯ֻһţǲѡֻ˲ʱ䣬ҹδѧ⻯Ρ
ϥȻ͸һˣҹδһģһˡ
´˼ҹδ⻯ΣҹδҲվΧԼ⻯δ
ʵϣͲô⻯ξ⻯Ρ
δ룬Ϊ³İ취Ѱ⣬Ȼ򣿡
ѵ𣿡
ȻǣԪҡͷҪսս򡣡
ս˭սҹδȻȻ˵Щս
ԡԪ͵صͷҪܹ㱾һսܹͷ㱾ܹͷŵκͨ
߰ɣ۵
ȻۺͿԪһЦȻϥ͸
δ룬߰ɡ
ã
ҹδӦһҲϥ͸³ӣϡ


1154 
δ룬ǲˡԼءס³ӺΣաоԼӦԲ˵Σգüʱع鱾塣
ã
ӦĿ죬ЩʱоΣյʱѾع鲻ˣܿʹɢ
Ƕұ˺𣿡
УҪΪʧȥ⣬޻ˡһʧȥ⣬޿޻Ҳ˵޿ͻ컯
ҹδȻˡ
أ
أ
Ԫغ͹Хȥ˲ʧӰҹδһ£Ȼʼϡ֪λʦֿǵϾֻһ磬Ȼ⣬ȴǿ
ҲԼĽԼӷ˿ʼ˵ķ棬ʲô츳ʣԶ˵ǵһΪԼȱ˲Ǻ컯бԼҲ
ʿðգ
ΣֻԼĥʯ
λʦǿԼǹԼԼһҲֻһν뵽ռĻᣬԼģ۹ġ
һǰģ޾壬ѵԼ;ˣ
ҹδһХȥ
³ӷ·ûоͷ
ҹδо֮һжɡ

ɣ޾Ρ
һֺصĸоĿƺĿһָо
ĸо
ָоֳ³ӵһ㡣
ϡ棡
⻯Σ֮һģһʵϻǲͬġԼĿɲڿһָоֳΧԼ֪һС
һΪ⻯λʲôͬء
ҹδ뿪ʼϣȻ⻯֮ٶȲһʱһʱԼͬһǣٶȼ졣⻯֮Լͬһʿٶ˺ܶࡣ
⻯ֻ֮ʺս
Ǿȥսɡ
ҵǳսĥ³⡣
һ⣬ʵ³ĺֻܶ࣬ӡ֮ǰҹδ뺦ºЩսǶԶԶģڲͬˣֱһȥһлΪ˳
ⳤ
ֱһȥ
ͷǣǽҪȱͷŴöࡣ

ֻǼͽʧ³Уҹδͣ룬ȷԼսƷߡҲֻƤë׶ε⣬ֲñԼ׻ҲûںսĹУһЩ
ҹδһӿʼΧѰսȻΧڵⶼǿƤë׶ΡֲλʦֱϣǿЩ⡣
ǿϣҹδ뿴ϡҹδ뵨Ӵȴɵ󵨣ֻҪоԼ⻹аͲð
³еⷴ࣬ԣַⶼУں͸սУϵشԼ⡣ûȥͨ⣬֪ԽԽǿ
ֻнԼ޵ⴿ⵽£Ǹʱܹıʡ
ȻȻĴԼ⻯ܹԼģܷı̬
뵽
Ȼͻ˵ǹꪣУ׵硭
ԸƺһսһȺΧһƬ³ӡ
䡭
ҹδֻΪΣ˴յʱ䣬ս̬ǻΪΣǿ
ΪΣ֮ʱʩչѾǣǽĽʽֶڷʱĽɽĽͨȻֲõǽͨƽĽǳ˳ͷųǳ⡣
һָоǳ֮ĸС˵̫ůŵĻᡣû̫ﶼлΪˡ
̫ҲǳеһҲǳԣ￿Ĳ̫ǳǳԴԴϲǳ֮
ǧ꣬һȴȻ
ҲǳĸҲʿĸڱĲǳ⣬˵ķ򶼸Բͬƺǳ޹ءʵ϶ǳһַ֧ΪǷ࣬ǿеǳ෱ࣿ
ԣÿһ򣬶ĳǳԡкܶǳûбʿھ
ǣȻǳضŹԣűԴܹѰҵͬԴǾҵ˴Դ
ֻһ㣬ҹδ֪Լδռ֮Ѿ񲻷ơ
Ӵ׷УһԪֻҪ׷ǱԴǱԴܾ֮ܿǰһ˿һԪ
Ҳյǳ⡣


1155 ս
³УҹδȷʵʱͷŵĸҲǿȴ֪ȴ״¡Ϊսɱ˵ܿɲ⣬ֻһ֣Ԫʶ߽֮ϣܲܡˡһع鱾壬ٴͷǣǽܾԷҪǣ֮ǰȻ⣬ҴﵽСɡ˵ʵЩ飬ֻǴﵽСɵĿܼǽڣϸϵҪࡣԣ֮ǰͷһζ͡ʵϱЩ塣
ڲͬˣڲϵغ͸Уһ̰壬ϵشĥ⣬ϵ߽߱ǽǣε򡣴ʱͷѾ壬һֿ飬޼Ѱĸо
ĹУǳݺᣬǲҪȥѰЩ֮еǳ⣬ЩǳⱻŹˡҹδգ׳Լͬǣ׳ĹУǳҲӵϸ΢ҲӵĴ⡣
ʱѾʧȥ˸Լ֪Լս˶ã֪Լʼһ³ӵķΧںսһ죬оԼһٲ򣬱ֻΪһǹ⣬μȥ
һ䲻֪ȥ˶ԶҹδоΧԽԽǿ˵֮ǰЩֻƤëĻЩѾż
ҹδһ٣ű仯⻯ΣһƴСˣҹδһģһ⻯һУһ˹ȥ
һ֪˶⣬𶯼䣬Ÿͨҹδ븲˹ҹδֳⳤ̳ǣǽ¡¡غ
һҹδ͸оԼĲ㡣ܹѹԷϾ򾳽ﵽСɣʵŴɾɳǸŲż⡣ֺżභϸ΢ƿҲ˵֮ǰƤëϸ΢ƿأż𻹲ϸ΢
ҪĵطΧЩССԭΪڲϵսУϵ΢ڲϵ΢ĹУϵشԼ⣬ϵش⣬ʹСȻǳ⣬ղ㣬ֱ󡣵֮űķǰС
ֹȥ˲֪ãҹδ̧ͣͷΡʱһƬӶζѾûЧ֪ǰǾµˡ£ζջ󣬵ҲζΣԸ˿Ԫغ͹˶Ķ׵ԺһԭģХγȥ
оΧԽԽǿȻСɾ֮СȻһ٣⻯Σ⽣Ȼһų˹ȥ
˫һ֣֪һ֮⣬Ϊ쳣ĺءҹδһһػ֮⣬ֶԶԷİ߽У΢һ˿˿
ţ
ںһսҹδ룬Ȼо෽ⲨȻͿһ˽
⡭
ҹδ󾪣⻹һİн뵽СɺӶڵ⻹ˣ
ҹδһӾ;üͬͬʱԼʵµʿսܽţԪغ͹˵Ļǣ΢һΪⲢӦԼսನ䵽˶ԷԶԷˡ֮ԼһӦɡ
ǣҹδӽΪоִˡҲ˼ǲܡ֮ǰƤëźӶΣЩսγ˲ΧҲûв⡣ǽ뵽СɾͲͬˣҹδ룬Ƕ⣬ķΧˣȻͻᲨ⡣
ΣգΪּһ⣬ķΧˡȻҹδոһ㣬һⱻˡǸҲܵط˹βǹҹδ룬Ҳҹδľս
ΪսɱˡҹδǾôһ˲ĹѾˡսѾ˳ʮŵ뵽սڼӣѾһࡣ
ҪӳȥѾǲˣֻеսпܡɢҹδ⣬ԼĴڣٽȫķҽԼͷķΧСķǳǳСĹע


1156 ͦ
˵ַʽʹЩⲢûǣֻбܵĸоǱܵŲķ򹥻ҹδ־СܣֻǷطܵĹͷǳ١ⲢζûΣգʵҵսϣûвΣյĵط
ҹδС⣬⽣Ǽٲܹעһҵսܵĳһһ
ΣգҲǻᡣ
ĻУҹδƿͻͽ΢ٶȼٵһжǱƵġ
΢ƿԽԽҲʼ΢һЩʼʶƶΪ֪ǳ⡣̫Ҫǳ׳Լˣֻ׳Լп߳һ·
ΣգѾںˡ
ʱںǾˡ
̫սľˮȵȣʼСԼСսл
أʼ⣬ģںЩսУ
ǳΪ壬ÿһϢʱ䣬ڼһ㡣أһָоۺ⣬ǳķ֧ʼѰЩĹͬ㡣
ǣЧá
٣ܹҵͬ㣬Ϊ磬һżߵĺôҲˡ
Ϊ֪Ͳһ͵飬Ҫ磬ͻԵ
״̬ȻûҵıԴУȴ΢һٶ
ڿʼԷһζط
͡
һⱻҹδһ˹ȥ
ҹδɱ˵ʱڱΧⷢˣһҹδ˹ܿж˹ʱҹδҲأͷųԼеı죬һ
ȻⲢһȺΧҹδ룬սոĳ⻹ڶҹδһ˲䣬Ǹ͹˱⡣
˵Щⶼģҹδ벢ûзһ˿һû⣬ա
ȻҲδؾͲաҹδרעغЩսŵһ̶ȣʼСΪϵɢ
֪ȥ˶ãҹδڸоսĳ̶½ˣϡһ½սɢĳһʱ㣬һɢˣֻʣҹδһ
ҹδ³ϣ뵽֮Сһ͹ȥҴ£ҹδһȦоԼڱɵ·;ϣѾ֮һ
ಡ
ҹδϣһμ䣬һ뵽Ӧɣ߸ߣǾԲԲͲˣӦþԼԶںεĵط
ԼҪȥλʦ֣ûǸ硣
ԼҪҪǰɾĺӶΣ
ԼȥԼɣǻἫ˵Σա˵òͽˡǲȥЩġ
ȥ
ҹδ뻹ǾȥӶȥУԼͳ뿪
͡
Ȼ٣ͬһǻ³ӡ
֪ȥ˶ãҹδ֪ͣΧ⣬Щⶼʮǿǿһ˿ս
Ǵ⣡
ȥ֪ڴռڣֹһʿ϶ʿʿ⣬ԼߵĿԡ⣬ԼΣˡ
ѵ֪ģġ
Ʈ³УܹŲٵ⣬һ䵥⡣
ʵϣⶼ䵥ġֻеĵطԶһЩеĵطһЩĵطԼȥܻ֮ܿǰֻսִлս̫Σաԣһ⣬ںܴΧڣûһ⡣ĻԼͣҪҲһЩ
ʼƶѰҡȱģڣ֮ܶ䣬ԼĲȡʤ
ԼҹδԶԶؿһ⣬ΧܹķΧڣûġҹδԸҲʮֹң⿿˹ȥ
⻹а׵ʱѾ⻯Σ֮˹ȥ
䡭
⾹Ȼһ⣬ҹδ뿿ʮ֪֮˹
ˡ
ҹδ֮Ӷɢǵ㣬Щǵ˲仯ΪһƬǺ˹ȥ


1157 ĳ
䡭
ͬС̫һֻĲǹߣͬ֩һ㣬Ѹٵչҹδǳײ
⼤ҵضҹδ뷢ԼȻںͶԷභĹУû·磬бһȷ
ȶԷ϶⣬ӦԼƷ߹⣬ԼԼⲻɾ磬ԷѾǴɣԼȴܹͶԷ·硣
ǾͶȥ
Ӻҹδ뷢ֶԷͬ٣˶þɢˡ֮ȴ·޷ɢÿһһֱڣһֹ֯ͣڽҹδ档ҹδҹδһȫȻͻиԼ⣬Լ˵ͱиɢˡ
ǲͬ
ҹδӶǧǹ⣬һڵһ̡
ǣǽ
䡭
Ǹڵˣ˺һҹδ봩˳ȥȻٴǣǽ˹ȥźභҹδƿ΢ˣռһ˿Ϸ硣Ǿʱҹδɫ䣬Ȼתͷȥ֪ʲôʱһѾԶӦǱ˹
ҹδо赽˼㣬ܹϢؿҿԼӦ⣬仰˵Ӧһʿ⣬֪廹壬ǱضǴ⡣ܹȷԷԼ⣬򲻻͵͵ǿҲ⣬Լ⡣
ҹδװ֪Էȴڿٵ˼ܹԼ԰ȫĵط
ʲô԰ȫĵط
ܹһʿҪҵһϻҹδĻᡣ԰ȫĵطҹδҪγһܹϻһʿĻᣬҲܹΪԼһǺǸʿγ˶Լļл
ʼ⡣ԭںĶսУʼձһȫľ룬ڵʼðˣ⿿ʿȻȻƵ󣬿ʼȻΪǸʿҹδһϣӭǱҹδ뵲סҹδ֮ûܵ˿
ɣҲܹǱУȱȴǿҹδǰ״
ҹδǰ״ʲô
һ̫ͼģе֮˹̫Ȧ棬̫ͼȦԽԽ࣬ܿγһҹδǶһ⿿ԽǿԽ̫ͣеⶼ챻ҹδѹ˼㣬Ǹʿ⻹ڿȻˣҹδڼ֣ҪǸʿԼٽһЩ
ڣ
ҹδоһ˿ԤʾҪǱУҹδ뷢
ಡ
ҹδһֻһ˿ռ䡣
䡭
ʿո׼ҹδ뷢ȴһִ˹ҹδÿͨͬһʱ䣬ҹδתʿͻˡΪҹδǰһ̫ͼ̫ͼһ޴Ĺš
䡭
ǹű˳γһ޴ڵҪְٱ
䡭
ȫ׼㣬ʿⱻУױ׹⸲ǣ⣬Ǵʱҹδ붼֪ܹ֪Ķ⡣
ԼϢʱ䣬ɢҲҲʿ⡣
䡭
ҹδ빥˹ʱҹδѾ˵ЩˡҪѰҸǿ⡣
ಡ
ҹδˣȴڽ治ᣬҹδɫһ䣬ԼȻǿ⣬ٶȴȶԷ죬׷˺档ؼǣһҹδ׼㣬ûľ룬һ׷һ乥ҹδ롣
ٶȶ찡
ԣҹδһӾ˺ԶһǱȥģΪһǿ⡣ӭĽǣĹ⡣
䡭
һӾֻǲһϢʱ䣬˴ΧڵıʮⱻȦ˽ҹδ뻹֪Щûʿ⡣Ϊֲǣһٶȱ
ɶǴɾ磬˲ҹδͬеһҶۣһƬĹƮҡ
ˣ
Ҫˣ


1158 
ҹδȶ㿪Ǹ⣬Ȼʼϰ취СԼĴڣ⣬ֻ򲻵ѵ£ͷͷŵķΧǳС
ڷǳţΪžʿ⹥ѱսȦоûʿ⡣
ԼʶؽʹڸУǿԺŪ⣬ȴŪʿ⡣һʿ⣬ԼսЩʿ϶ԼǲؿԼʹڸУ˵ѰһṥԼ
һһʿ⹥ԼԼͻᱩ¶޷͵ͻΪġԼĸ֪Ѿͷŵ˼ޡ
䡭
սֵķΧڼٵֻôϢʱ䣬Ѿһٸҹδڼзе͵֪Χ⡣
Լ͵Ǹ֪ҲСĳ̶ȡΪǿŸ֪ѰҶԷġ֪ӵķΧܹĻƱػĹע̶Χôȷʵҹδ벻ܹעҳܵѹСҲʧȥ˶Χ΢ԶһķΧڵĸ֪ʱһ⣬С⻹ǳ⡣
ķǳΪҹδ֮ľУսҪͣҪʱʱҪҹδҲһҹδҲƶΪһսͣһطһǾҪϵתƣܿһսģѰսԱ֮
ԣҹδûйעһǳѾǳҲô׿ġһ;бɵĿܡ
ǣ˳κһԸտʼҹδƶķǸǳԶǳһ⣬һǿʿǹ컯ʿҹδ룬ϳһǳ⣬ı⡣ܹҹδⲻɣѾɣҪҹδǿ
Ҳҹδ룬һûдﵽɾ⣬Ȼ̶ȣⲻǸԼͻԵ
ֻҪԼ⣬ԼܹźܴϣﵽԲԣǳģҹδ뷢Լ֮ˡУҲ˺ܶΣգҹδڲϵƶԶԼҲ㹻ġڣӭ˻㱨
ҹδ
ҲһĵḶ́ⶼСعĹԼȥÿһսķ϶֮䡣ֻҹδֻǵڶ㣬ǸǹȴҪ˶Ϳҹδߡ
ԣһḶ́ڼʱ߶ɱز뵽֮УȻѰһήԼĴڸСʱҹδǸʿʱԶǸʿʱعȥǸʿȴ˿ֳԼ㹻ġֽ֮УҹδǳԽԽǶ΢⣬ҲӲҪСɺʹ֮䣬ټһĻгɾ磬ҹδʱѾ̤гɡ
Ҳ˵Сɵξ룬ҹδȥһ롣
ͬʱΣҲٽǸǹʿҹδѾܽˡ֪ͬĸ֪һɱ¾ĺ档ɱ¾ȵɱ⣬ڱǳϢ
˫ľԽԽ޵ǳȻȻͬһһײҹδ⡣ֻ˲䣬ǳ;ۺϳһǳ⣬ǳУҹδʿ̱Ĳҵ
ʿ𣬳һ˲䣬ҹδ֪ԼˡҪѾˡ
Ȼǳײ˹ǳ⣬һӾһһһɣǲٷֿ
һǳһӱްΧ֪ͬһ֮ķӦ֮ǰͻڱûҰѸ֪ʿһֱǡ
ҹδܿ͸о˳ԷҲǳ⣬Ʒһ˼Ǵɾ磬ҹδֻСɣȻѾƽ˴һľ룬ҲСɡ
ҹδ뿪ʼоԼţڱԷɣڷǴͬԷھ϶ҹδѹƣҹδķҲֻԼɵٶȽˣȴ޷ֹԼɡ
Ȼ䣬ҹδоԼⷢ˱仯⿪ʼһۣȻһ
һ
ʮһ
ʮһǳ貣ȻǶʮһͷ˾˵ҹδ붼ܹǸʿⷢ˲ҺȻʿرʮһգֻǲʮϢʱ䣬Էͱʮһһա


1159 
ʮһ㿪ʼɢǵɢҹδоŨǳԼ֮УԼѸ͵Լӵʱ䣬ںϽҹδоԼɾҲֻһ˿
䡭
˶Է⣬ǻްһӾҸոһ⣬ȶϢһӾɢ˳ȥ˴⣬Χ˹
ӣ
ĵһ뷨εķȥе֮ϵͷųǣǽɱһ·ηȥ
ˣܹѡԼĽ˺ͷ򡣵ⲻУǶǱرԵҹδӵʱЩ׷ɱҹδɲǶ׷ɱһ˴˿໥һ𣬷Ǻҹδ롣ҹδҲ޷͵ԼΪԼһɵ⣬ʱ̣ԲزϢȻ˴˴ĹУȴʼ
һ߷һ߱ӡŲٵ֮ϣĵ
䡭
ʱҹδɱΧһ̲ͣγȥʱѾ֮ǰôˡҹδһָоЩԼĹֻҪûɱԼǶԼһִܹоԼӵˡ
ҹδûͣһֱԼıڣԼ壬³һҹδ۾лнٺ֮ɫ
н¶˼֮ɫ룬ԼҪҪĿȻǽɣԲʱ롣˼ףҪɣֻ֪Ҫôʱ䣬ԼɵĻᣬҲδܹĽɡ
ƺ漰⡣
һָоԼûͻƽ֮ǰƺѽɾ硣ԣҲ֪Ҫõ£ڴռڡ
ûȥˣ
뿪Ϊо޷ͻƣΪҲǶʱܹͻƵģչûãչҲûãҪȥѰһԵԺĴߺսø
˾ϣҹδſԪغ͹˵
λʦ֣Ҫ뿪ˡ
Ԫغ͹Եͷ˶컯Ȼܹҹδ⡣ȷʵѾû̫ЧԪص
ҲҪԲ֮ˣò˰ʱܹȥܹϺľսȥһ
ãλʦ֣ǡ
أ
أ
ҹδǽԼͷųȻ̧ͷſռգ
ǰҪȥ
һ㱣ٳֵʱҹδѾڷï֦ҶϣһܣԼĵط΢䣬¡壬ҹδ룬һΧ
ѣ֮ǰռˣ
ҹδĿһɨ˵Լ壬ʱҲҹδͷ
ǣҲ֪ô¶ͻ֮󣬴ҽ뵽˿ռڡ
ΧһƬĽӦǴǰʷǷ⿪ѣʲôΪˣ
ΪûʲôƽԲҸоӦòöãҾܹƽ硣ˣȥ˶ˣ
ˣ
ɽв֪°ҹδпһλѣҪȥչˡԺԵټ
Եټ
ҹδٲȥҹδʿҲûȥ׷ҹδ롣ΪҹδҶҲûˣջȥˡȥһŲֵáܹɱ˶ԷãöԷأ
һ
ҹδصϹأûоκˣ뿪Ϲأųڵķȥһ߷ɣһ⣬רŸشѰͻƽ硣
ٶȾͲ죬Щ·;Ҳ彮ںƽķûг⣬岢ûйķ
Ҳǣ磬岻Ҳûа취ķߣ
Լ֣һ߶¡οԼ֣Ҳֻһͻƣûȫһߡ
һҹδص˳ڣȻֱڵĶڶǰһ½ƣһʶӶɨ˳Ȼ󶴸Ŵ򿪣ҹδ˽ȥ
ҹδʩ

ҹδ֮ڿʵ㲻ȥϹôͻˣ
ϹصõһҶ
ʲôڻȻվ𣺡õ˴ҶǸ


1160 ͨ
ԣǸ
ȥˣ
ȥˣ
Ŀ֪һ£Բˣ
ţ
ڴõͻƣ
ţⲻջջ⡣
⣿ڸո£ֱ
ģ
ţ
ڳĬƬ̣ͷŸҿ
ã
ҹδһʳָŶմ˹ȥ
ǣǽ
ĿһǸָץ˹ȥ۳֣սһǣǽץС
䡭
ǣǽڸˣܶڵɢû˿ɢڼؿҹδ룺
СɣȻСɣ
ҹδ뻹ǽԼûȫͷųڵѾʮֱƽɡֻͷųոСɵܡͨڱһ£߶ȻڵѾԲʱȴǼؿҹδ롣
СɵⰡ
ϾܹҹδɵĿδͻ컯һ컯Ҫһ컯ʱȻҹδɲͨʿһɷ֮ϡҹδͻ컯ʵ˵ܹѹ컯˵ĵطڳܹΪһ֡
δ룬ʲô㣿
㣿ҹδһ£ȻֵȲ˵ң֪ڴռ˭𣿡
˭
ۺͿԪλʦ֡
ˣּˡ
ţ
ô
ܺãƲðʱ⣬ܹɡ
̫ˣվڶⲽ죬ƽϢ˵ʲô
˵ǵǽԲͻӦûܹϺľս
ã̫ˣڴʱѾƽδ룬ʲô㣿
֪ڿƽżǰѰͻƵ֪ȥңкָ㣿
޷ǾôڰָһǱչءڶѰսĸǴͨ
˵һչأӴ൱ڸոսչأԱչӦöôͺȻ˷ʱˡ
ҹδͷʾͬ
˵ڶսƵսڵԽռ䣬ҲȥɽǱߣı߶ܹսҪ󡣵Ҳô
Ϊʲôҹδ벻⡣
̫ΣգǿҲֻһ硣ھ⣬ֻҪ㲻ͻƽֻʱ⣬ɵĿδͻ컯ˣκһŶǱǲȥðķյġ
ҹδЩΪȻûڼ˵
˵ԡĴҲܹԵ
ҹδ벻һ򣬵ҲһḶ́ʵĸͨأ
ͨȥɵģʿͨĳ磬ͻȥѧϰһЩĴ档Ҫ֪ǧԴͬҲˣҲѧϰĹУܹͻơ
ǣ
ҹδͷԴɾɷ֮ʥоԼڴ˺ܴķȣбЩԼǲȥѧϰ棿
ȴû룬ҹδܹΪһɷ֮ʥѾǼޣôܶ滹츳
ҹδ֪Լû̫츳ǶƷ츳ΪռܹЧǶûЧԼƺһԼѾʦȽԼʦ硣
δ룬㻹ȥһ𣿡
ҹδҡͷȥȽʦ˵
ʼһ㣬ҹδԸɶ͸ɶֻҪȥսͺáãûΣա
ҹδ뿪ֱȻһͷĲûûҪʲôŹ׵㣬ÿ˶ϲձ
ĵ컯ʿǶ˷ˡ
Ҫҹδʲô֮ʥֻҪһʦĵλڳھһԾɽĵλҲһҲʦԲҹδΪ˴ʦʱָָԼ˵ԼҲܹΪʦΪ컯ʿô֪ܲͨҪ
Ϊڳʮ˸컯ʿȻ͵ģҲ͵һΣ컯۷壬ܹͻ컯ڣǼֱĻԵ
ԣǺ顣ҹδڲ󣬾ֱˡȻҹδһϣ۾ǰϰݷһŵҹδĶ棬¡˿ϵֿ˿Ŀҹδ룬͵͵ʶɨһϵ򣬶ʦĴС


1161 
΢΢һüͷҹδΪʲôʦĴУʦĴУ
ڿǾŴ֮һ̼ΪȻһֱԸܴɽ硣ⲻﻮִС˵ģֻ˵ĴУ˵ʦģ֮ʥĴҲôֻûô߰ˡ
˵֮ʥˣǴʦ򡣷컯ʿԪƾãǶ֪ϻ˶ʱ䣬Ҳֻһʦ
ʵǣҹδѾʦˣôڿʦУ
ѵһ飿
ʵϲǡ
ҹδʦͳĲûʲôϵܹΪʦΪڲڵɽġûĴСɽرˣҹδûȥɽĻᣬֻҪԼС
ռ䣬ÿһУռھͻὫⱾо󻯣һ󷨣ҲˣԱ߸һ󷨣󷨱Ǵʦ󷨡
ҹδһռ¹ʦ󷨣ȻѧŲͨԼ򣬴ͨԸı󷨣õĴתΪԼУΪԼı졣ǸռΪʦ󷨣ȲȥȽеʦѧһ˵
ѧķǳ죬ϾԼѾʦҵϵͳ֡ԣʦ󷨶˵ûѵ൱ٴһ顣ռڵʱǾֹġԣķѵʱԼԪĹ֮󣬴ռڳָʶ֮ʱ䡣
ָʱ䣬ҹδҲû˷ѡÿʶľʱͻӲڳڲݼ֮ϣһ߻ָʶһ߹ǿգϡ
ҹδ۾ʮΪԪ֮ĸɾɫ԰ףͷ麹ʮֵģ
δ룬ôˣ
ûʲôĹ󣡡ҹδվҪȥָһ¡
Ĺ
һ£Ӧ˹ҹδӦԪĹޡҹδôôĹˣ
ӦҹδӦԺйͲ󷨣ԪĹ޵ĽΪʲô͵ػָҪȥ
ʺõظųˣȻͿҹδ˲ݼ֮ϣ죬ĸʿܵݼ֮ϣ
ҹδȥˣҲ˵ʲôҲȥҹδԱߣҹδݼ֮ϣա
Ҫҹδ˵ǷҹδɢһϢֱ͡ȴǸпǧ
ǧͷԲҹδŬֲġڻָʱ򣬶ֻʲô
̧ͷȥʱǰ죬ǳԡǾڴʱȴһҪǸ͵ʿʲôо컯ʿעһ̸̣оǳ֮Եҹδ봹㼯вֳ˾֮ɫ
ǳ֮
ѵǳ⣿
ôܣ
ֻ磬컯Ҫ컯ܹġ

ҲǾԣʷϻƽʿģȻʿëǣǺΪһͷѵδҲǰ⣿
ܣ
ǰҲӦƽ磬ҹδֻ簡
С
ӣҹδĻǻǳ⡣ǳǳڡ

ɽǿ֮һڳҲֻں컯ʦֹۣԪǳ⡣
Щȷץġֲôҹδ򣬱ֻȡһȾǽһʱ䣬˵ҹδķѵʱ䶼ڻָϣҲķѣϾڻָĹУԿϡ̶ֻȣҲףҪʱ䡣һʱ䣬ûиоЧ
ҹδ뾫ӵһǼæʵ
δ룬ǳ⣿
ҹδһ£ʵǳ⣬ڿϡ˵ܡʱ仰ʳڣȴɫһԼڴռںǸǹʿʱ򣬷顣
ˣѾ˵ˣͷǣ
⡭
ǾȫסˣôôԾ
ǡͿʼ⣿ɶ㲻ܼǸͲڵľܹġ
ʱΪԼӦˣҹδȴû򡭡
˵˵ţԼͣˣüͷ
԰
Ҹղоǳˣ˵δѾǳ⡣Ȼҹδ룺
㡭ˣ
ţոĲࡣ


1162 ʦ
˻ǵһˣ
ġ
ǿҹδĿˣԭҲֻǿҹδ뿴ɺԼƽȵġҹδɷ֮ʥҲֻϵƽȡϾҹδΪֻ硣ԪϾͲһˣοսϣ͸һϵˡ
ڲͬˡ
ҹδܹ⣬˵ųɻͻƽ磬ͻ컯⻹Ϊҹδûͻƽ硣ҹδͻƽ⣬Ǿ߳ɿԳΪ컯ʿ
˵ʲô
˵δҹδ߳ɿĺƽƽҹδĿ֣ࡣ
δ룬оǲЩ£ͻ磬Ȱŷš
Ϊͻƽѧϰġ
۾һҪͨ
ԣ
ҾͲ˵ʲôˡҵľ飬ͻʦʱҲͻƽʱҶһ̺ڴ
лл
ɫԥ£ջ˵㲻Ҫ֮ǰΪɽſ졣ֻĴУҪͱúѣҪϵ򣬲ϵسԣҲǧ꣬ҲꡣǰҪż
ף
ҾͲˡ
ţ
վַ̧£Ǹδ롭
ʦ֣ʲô¶
ʲô򣬼ҿ¡
УҹδɴͷһϽǰڷһﶼҵ򡣡
δ룬лл
ҹδڰ֣Ҳվݼٴν뵽뿪ˡ׼ȥչظһʱ䣬úһԼҹδܹͨԼҲ
һʱ䣬ŹҹδܹһЩԼȥ
뿪ݼ뿪ûжãҲͲʱʱ䣬ҹδֳݼ֮ϣɫЩ԰ףͷϴ麹ٴοʼָʶ͹ǿա
ʵϣҹδڲĹġݼصʼڿĹУռ󷨺͸һ󷨡ʱԼҲͲʱʱ䡣Ȼҹδռڣʱ;ֹˡһֱҹδľʶŻռڳ
ҹδԪǿ
ǼƷԪ̲صʶʮֹ㲩ô˵ɣսԵսҪĹҹδʶҲҪһҡҲ˵ȻռǾֹģÿҹδ涼൱һҡȵʶĹŻȻýһʱ䣬ҲʱңָԼʶȻٻص
Ҫ֪һʱаϵģҲ˵ҹδһʱ൱ҵʱ䡣
Чʾͷǳˣһռʾ󷨣ṩľѾʡǮˣָҹδؽʡʱ䡣
ˣʵϿҹδǳ֡

ҹδÿڲڵʱʱ
ʱ䶼ڲݼ֮ϡ
Ҫʲô
û˸ȥʡ
һҹδĵλҹδڳڵĵλҲߣĵλǾԵĸߣ߹˵ǡǶܣǻ˭ʣ
ʱţһһ֣컹ϡ棬һأ
ʣϰˣ
ԣºʿϰΪˡ
ֻǵһٴҹδĶ棬ϽǵǸʱˡ
ôôࣿ
һʱ䣬ôࣿ
Ȼϸϸؿһ£Щ⣬Ǵ󲿷ֲ⡣ȴ֪Ƕʦ
ҹδ飬ڲû⡣Ҳܿһȫ⣬֮ʥˡԣݸҲҹδ룬ֱӻصԼĶϰ
һʱ䣬ҹδ˵ͬʮ꣬ʵڲµʱڣҹδѾʦĴжˣռѾһ󷨶ƽ²Ϊһʦ򣬶͸ϰ
ºҹδѾʼƽһռˡռ󷨡ֱ˵ȼﵽ˴ʦľ硣
ƽⲻô죿

ռ䡣
ռһһ¹󷨣һԹĦͬһ¥һͼΪӵĴ¥Ѿˣվڴ¥ǰҪ֪¥ôģĺѡǣ¥ͷβǰһ飬ҪǸ֣ܹĸ֣һܹ¥ǰҲûˡ
ֱһ̶ְֽҪֱӡ


1163 ȵĻڴ
ҹδĽĺܿ죬ӵĸµһʱ䣬ѾܹԼƽʮˡϣʵѾһʦˡֻǻȫ棬Ҳ
Ҫ󷨣⻹ƽͲ֮ҪͷγһϵͳŻΪһʦ
ռж󷨣
ʮ
Ҳ˵ҹδ뻹жٶûƽͲ衣ֻڹۿռڵ¹Ҫ֮ǰ˺ܶࡣ
ˣڶȥûȫյռ󷨣ʣһʮһ
ȥռʣµ󷨣ʣʮ
ȥռڵʣ˾Ȼڵͷһ󷨡
ѾһʦˣֻһܹͲʦһڻͨҲֻܹ򵥵ؼ¼һԼĵãǷǳĲϵͳ
ʱҪ
ҹδоԼ̫ˡֻڲͷڲڵʱ٣ÿ󲿷ʱڲݼ֮졣
ʵ쳣ͽš
ԣ׼Ϣһʱ䡣ú÷һԼ
ȥݷǣǸݸǵʦ֣ڼصĶңȿ
Ǵʦ𣿡
ҹδҡͷĲΪԼһʦǡҽڵܹһϵͳӦþͻΪʦ
һ
Ŷ
ֻͷʱ䣬ôܳΪʦ
ڣ
Ϣһʱ䣬⼸̫ˡ
ǾͲɳ鴤һ£ۿҲ׶ҹδΪÿվ󲿷ֵʱݼ졣
̫ˣ
ôˣҹδֵؿǡ
ǼæԼı飺ûʲôҲȷʵꡭ
ľ⻰Ĳģ
ҹδҪǣͣˣŵĻڴʲôģ
ʦġ
ҹδɫһ㣺㲼ģ
ţҴʦġ
Ϊʲôڵ֮ʥ裿
ɫŹֵڴػŵģ˭ñ谡
ҹδɫ㣬ȻЩڨڨ
ǰ
ڴôñ裿
ǡƷ̫̫ˣǾŴ֮һܶſ¶ʦĴɣ
ǵǣҲϣЩŵĻڴ󣬻˲ġʲô
ŵͻƵʦ͸²һʦĻڴ󡣡
ǸãǴϲҸ㲼裬˵ȴ֮ܲͻƴʦ磿
ҹδ룬Լ£ֲ벼ķǳпͻƴʦ֮ͷ
пܡ
ǵϲЦտϽȥϢϢˣ͸ϽҵΪʦ
ã
ҹδǸǣصԼɽ壬ûмҰǡԼĶǰһȴ⼸˸Լġ
ǵҹδ֪ǼֽռˣҹѾͻƵ硣ӹ̣ͮҰ񶼴Բж˵ںϵİ£ƺоƽıϡ
ҹδȻˣȴһžͺáΪн𿴷ӹֻǸоϣ;һ̫ˣ϶
ˣҹδãҲġĺúϢ˼졣ȻóѶϵëöɡȻϢͿëöɻûˣҾһ𣬳ԵģǲϢ
ëöɲˣҲԣĲëöɣ͹񴨡
һҹδ룬ʮֵظˡ⼸ǵںϵĸ£˶ﵽԲҴڵıϡ˵츳Ӧò̫ãܹͻڡ
ǵҹδѾԲʱϵ˷ܾûˡСʵ
㴥ƽı𣿡
ûУ
ҹδҡͷûдǸϣһԤУֻҪԼʦźܴĿԴǸϡǹ˲֪Ծ㶼һ񴨸ظ
ˡôͻƵƽ磬Լһ׳ա
ۡ
ҹδ벻Ц͹񴨽Ӵˣֹ˳˽һЩҲһɽˡЦ֮
ڶ˵һǲȱսɽ磬ȥռ䡣ֻҪҪսͿʱĥµĻᡣкϣײǧ꣬ɽʿǧꡣ˭ͻƣⶼ֡


1164 һ
ëö˶׷׵ͷΪ磬ײܴﵽҪǧ꣬С
ͻƵĻ̫ˣëöɺҹδ죬ҲҴţʲôţ
ҹδǲܺ˵Լ磬ȥǱʥأȥǱߵл֮󣬻ȥ˴ЩǻԵ˵ȥǲ˼
룬˵ȡͻбչأʹͨ档ڴͨɡ
һ£ȻӦ˹˼ɷ֮ʥͨˡⷽ棬Լѧ
δ룡쿪ڵǽΣ
˵⻰еС졣Ϊ֪˵ǽʵϾҹδ̡ҹδ뵱ȻҲϲͱ˽Ϊ粻ԼûʿԼص㣬ЩصҲͻԼһ֡
£ĸ˾ͿʼһɲʱΪλΪλǽʱҹδܿͻΪʦĴҲ֪ôʹ˳ȥ
ʲôʱ
ײ
ڳڽʿɲǳڵĵӣɽطʿСϢʿȥģǴȥģǴ˳ȥϢڳһиصʿҲɽؿʼ˳ȥ
һҹδ붼֪۵һµʱ䣬ëö˲˼ȥҪصԼĶ̱չأǶһָоҲԼصʱ򣬾Ѿˡ
ҹδҲջЩģظ֪ƽıˡ͸ӼţԼʦԼضܹǲϣõĻ˵ܹͻƵƽ羳硣
׼ŴˣȻҲȥռ䡣ȥռֻмҵսʺ򡣵ҲչأѾŴ̫ˡԣ׼ȥԼջ
˵һ֮ҹδ뿪ţûʲôĿģֻѡһ򣬶һͬһһ㣬ɽ֮ϡ
׹ڡ
һ֮ڡ⼸ʿԲǰ׹ص콾
һŹţһһǡ
ҲʿҲǸոմײռڻֻǲǴӳڲڵɽ׹ںߴŴɵЭ飬ǽռ䣬ͨڵɽ
Ѿм죬ЩʿһԼãžһ׼۵һ
ŹźͰһǺǿǲǲͻƽ硣ʹƽıϣͻƱϣƽ硣ûУѹԼΪΪ˽ԼĥԲȻͻƽ磬Ϊƽʿеǿߡ
˿νȻǾһϢ
ҹδԲˣһò˶ãͻΪһʦ
ϢŹźͰһǶ
ŹţҹδܹôʹﵽԲӦǺΪɷ֮ʥֲ
һǵͷͨ
ˣ츳ҲǾ콾ˡĻΪʦпͻƵƽ羳硣
룿
ͻƽ硣ߴŵ콾Խ࣬ǰ׹δԽѡ
ʱ򡭡
һһЦʱֻǲ֮໥ɱҺɱնҲ˵ʲô
Źŵͷİһǵʵǳ˽һǣΪ˴ĥ磬ͻƣƽʿˡҹδ츳ǿҲһոͻԲˣǰһǵĶ֡
һҲһϵԸ񣺡뿪ţȥѰҹδ롣˵뿪ˡŰҴһķ򡣡
ô
һЦʵȥɱҹδ룬ҲȫΪɱһֱһĥҵĶֵ֣ǡǡá
ôһ˵ŹҲĶˣҪҺһȥ
һҡͷھŴе˴ţǹڶʿͻƽġֻǰ׹ûСҾѾĥԲˣ㲻ͱչͻƽɣҲЦǰ׹ڡɱҹδҲչءұչǰϣһƽŹţŹš
ŹŵͷʵԼĥԲˣǿͻƽˡǶһǵ
һǣ㲻Ҫ⣬ȻҹδΪɷ֮ʥҪͻʦΪսʵܹͻƵԲҲһΣյ
ףһǵͷ˵ɥҴ򲻹ҹδ룬ߵĻҹδң


1165 ս
Źˣôܣһݣɷ֮ʥСеķ
һɫ˼֣һסҲͷŷĻᡣ
ŹȡѶ򣺡ھͲһҹδĶ
˷׷ȡѶ򣬿ʼԼȦ̽ҹδϢԼʱǾ͵õϢ
ҹδźɽķȥǾʲôλãû֪
յϢһǱǺúúһ
ãԤףʦ־ȡҹδͷ
ȣ
ʱŹŽһͳɽ⣬
һǣ˲һҹδ룬ȻûгսľȴҲûб˴ܹľˣ߾Ǻս߾Ǻս˶ˡûдϢһǣ㻹ҪСġ
ġڳĲɱβܹҵ
ŰһŵЦݣŹҲЦˣҶˡǺãŰںþ磬͵Ϊء
һǺЦΪءһϣѾƽ硣
ãҵƽ羳磬ӭ㿭顣
˵ˣ
˵ˣ
Уȥˡ
һһ̤Ÿ߿ճȥüİ׹һ׹չ˿Сһ棬׹źɽķȥ
һϥڰ׹ϣɽķд
ҹδ밡ҹδ룬ϣ㹻ǿܹҴĥ¡
ҹδһƬ֮УɽĻøߣĴ󡣼ҹδһߣǻҲҹδһ
ĺ
ҹδ붼֪ʶڻ֮Уһ޼ʵĻá
ʵַɶʿŷǳõЧʿͨǽŵģ±ϲţչأžУʵǽ״̬еġ
ϾҲ
ҹδҲһһһȻŷɣҲȫķɡ
ȴһȫķɣ룬ֻǳһƬ֮С
һ˿˿·һëɢ˳ȥ˱ÿ顣
⽥Уʶз·һ˿˿޹ؽҪԭоЩʶÿʼһ˿˿տ
ʶͿʼ鶯
ʶ鶯ˣ˼άʼݡ
ҹδŻ˽ŲʱʲôҲ룬ȴҲ֪Լڱÿ飬鶯
һ󣬵Լһõӷȥʶøӿ飬鶯͸
Ǹʱ֮£°빦
ڻ࣬ҲûһķҲܹ߳ƬƬɣΪʲôයأ
˵֮ǰҹδʶѾ˼άתʮּɬʶĿ飬ʼתԲ
ڻжתתȥ
ֱ죬оԼѾɵ˼£ʶԲ񣬻зӦϵģ˶̫࣬ƺӯ
ǰЩģڶÿȥ˼ȻȻȻˣˡ
ҽŵʱ̫ˡ
֮ǰûзû⣬ֻǸеûɬû뵽һֱұ̫ˡ
ηֵ硣ܹһƬԼ׷
ԺԼÿһʱ䣬ӦðԼ׷һ¡
ĥ󿳲񹤣
ҹδչ˫ۣŻ㣬ΧһƬ¶˲õЦݡЦȴȻһΪоһʶԼϡ
ʶֱԷǼΪòģ˵һơʶ
¿ǳҹδ룿˰׹ڰһǡԲͻƣһսѿɸӦս
ҹδкƽͻȻд鲢ûʲô״ɽ缫ΪѰ뵱ҲǻΪҶīҶͬĴս
˼Ȼ֪Լҹδ룬սԼӦһ콾
΢˼һ£һˡ
ɽ콾Ҳ˽⡣һǱǰ׹ڵľ콾ҪҵĥʯһͻƵĻԵ
ҹδüë֪һʲôˣǰ׹ڵľ콾Σ׹ڵһ콾
һƾ콾ĥúܾãÿŶУҹδҪ˽ɽʱڲ󿴹ϡעѣ˵һսʮǿ󣬱ھŴУЩ콾ҲռΡ
ΣսնɱδܹǺ;ŴŶļ콾ɱҲƽ֡
˾һƽ磬ͻƽûаϰ


1166 ս
ҹδû˿η壬ȻҲû˿⡣֪ľ콾ضܹԾսϲֻԼܹԾսɽ֮󣬻ûкɽŴеֲεľ콾
ҹδ˷һҪĥʯҲҪĥʯˣҹδҲԲͰһǵҲǰһֻҪԸ⣬ܹͻƽ磬ƽı϶ûдǲô˵ɶԲ
ӿգһǵӰѾ˻УҲֻӴԴ߳ң˴˶ӡһǵţ
ɸսңԿȥҲǴӦձֻһܹ뿪Ƭ
ҹδ۾΢΢СԷ˵ĴţԼͬ⣬ԿȥԼôȥ
ҹδһӲûӹӵĴȥˡǶΪͶԷ󣬻ߵҹ־棬־治ܣǵ
ǣͬĶ֣ǵľ棬ҹδδӹ־ˣҹδŻӴԺͻƣһűˣȥ
˵ҹδʹȥһĲΪҹδĵ;ˡҹδ벻ϲϻüйʽУһʹ˳ȥ
һǣǽǽǣҲû۽ڽ֮ϡֻƽʱ䡣һȴ̲ҹδڽ⡣ԣƽһҲΪƽǽʵʣԽռ䣬˰һǡ
һɫΪƽǰһӡǰһǽ׹ǳǽ
Ͱ׹ǽײһȴûз˿ĺҹδǽⱻ׹ǽգ·ǰ׹ǽһ硣
ζûжǼͬʱ΢΢һüͷ
ҹδһȻûǣǽûý磬ҲûЩֻ̲ͨԼһһûһ˿㾡ȫһһҹδұ֤Բ㲻һԷնɱԷҲضæңҪ㣬ͷܹͨסԼһ
ǰһǲǣֻǻ˻䣬ͷһ׹ǽ͵סԼĽֻͷһͨҽŲûƶһ¡ȫסҹδһǻĹͶ⣬ҹδȻ
һҲͬȻҹδһûͨûн磬һһȴİ׹ǽ׹ǽͨǰ׹ڵĻͨȻƼ򵥣ͷŵİ׹ǽͰ׹Щʿͷŵİ׹ǽɲһǾ֮İ׹ǽ
ͷŵİ׹ǽȥ׹ʿͷŵİ׹ǽûʲôʵİ׹ǽǾѹġ˵ͷŵİ׹ǽֻһİ׹ǽʮʮ׹ǽѹͨ׹ǽģһʵȴޱȡˣȴҹδƽһ͸ʮ㣬Ͳһ㣬ʿİ׹ǽ
оȵͬʱҲɵȻɵΪԲеǿߣҲžԵšͬǣҹδҲžԵšŵˣڷԼͨԷƽ˲䣬㲻ԼͬŶԷ˹
ҹδڻ𣬽Ų̤ǲμΪƮͬʱеʽͣشֻ̳ɲǼ䣬춼ǽӰеֱ̣еĺɨебնеĻߣеۺɢǺӲá
һȴǽأβΧֳſͷǾſͷ䣬ͷųһ˰һǵΧΧγһ׹ǵ硣
Ϊǣһͷܾͨ޴ͬʱͷŵٶȼ졣ҹδ뿴ͬȼڰһǵǰ򲻹Щ
⻹һκͰ׹ʿһνӴ׹ڵĵͨ
ʵ϶ֻ֮֡Ƿȴ־ȻͬҹδԽУһ죬׶춼ǽӰҸһ񡣵ǰһǲͬһ֮񣬵ȴӵĻֺ룬ܸӵذ硣
ҹδ˫ܹоһǵǿܹͷųôۻܵʿܹܶ࣬ôۻܵͨͷŵô죬ܹƵȴΪϡ٣ԲⲻǻΪʵ̼Ϊ񣬻жͨΪ죬üΪͨ͸ܹˡ
ҹδҲܹһǻûʹȫǾſͷͷͨľſͷûĹͬûýǣǽһҰһǲûзںҹδԹҰһǵĶԹЧʹҹδ벻òֳһֽ


1167 
սзҹδûаӦһӶںǿս󲿷ֵս֣Ϊ綼ǿԣսʼ򵱳ҲȥоΪõķ
ľڷ֮ѰᣬѰԷѰһ˿Ҳ˲䱬һ
սľ飬һζصķҲһζؽڽзڷѰ
ɼҶĲһ͵飬˫ʵԶʵеɱܴ󡣵˾ͬҹδеʽͶԷǾſͷƷҲ£ʱ򶷵ľģ໥̽̽е֪ԷʵѰԷ
һǵͨڰԣ˸оɭɲĪ⡣
ҹδʼߵľϬ·ӣһϹĶ֣еͬһǰֺ磬ȴĪ⣬е翿飬еٶȼ죬ҹδȴһֱߵĴ·ӣǷϬ
ԪǿȻԲԪȴѾﵽƽԲǿԪ֧£һͷŵĹÿһϸ΢Ķ׽
ÿһⶼ׼شһ֮ϣûһƫ˷ѣÿһײ֮ɢ˹˺ùܴ
򽣹⽫һͬʱ飬ʣµĽⶸȻ۳һ󽣣ŰһǶͷնȥ
һɫû˿仯ָ΢еһͷȻ˫ۣ˫бڹ⣬ײǾ޽Ӱ˫˫
̶̵һ˲䣬˫ϡȴɲʤ˫ĵͨǳԲ󣬱˴˶ûҵԷ˴иӵļɵ
һǼɵĲҹδƽͨҹδƽͨʱ򣬾Ȼûһ˿˷ѡǶô΢ƿأ
ҹδɵǶԷֻһͷſ˫۾ܣſͷ㶼˫أ
Ҳݼɵȴҹδս߰
һͻȻη˫չſͷ˲ͬͷСɽΧſͷһ˫˫Ŀſһڹͬ֯һžҹδ붵ͷ
ҹδ뷴˵棬˫زеʽȴǾҵ𶯣ָ˿Сȥ·ֻ𶯣ʵһ˲䣬ҹδѾ̳˳ǧ
ÿһ׼ش˾ĽڵϣžɢǰһǴһӣſͷҹδһſݽߵİҹδȻûȫҹδ֣ҹδѾоϢ
磡
ǽ磡
һͷųĽ硣ʱ˶෴
ǰغУҹδ붯һǾȴǷ˹˶תʮûһ˿Ͱ
ҹδɿʽ֡
ˡ
ʽ𶯣ҹδͷҹδĽҲͷ˳ȥ˵һǵĽźͿݽߣҹδĽʻͬһһ㣬ɽľݡ
ײ˫û˿ȫͷԼĽ磬ȫһƺһһ֮Ҳеһͻ˶ˣزͬ
ʱûкڵĻᣬ˭ҪǶܣ߷ֳͨʧȥȻһʧȥȻͻ·硣ֲεʿһһ·磬ͻᱻԷգ̶ƣսƻΪʤơ
ʵ˫ڶģΪ˫ΪԼˣҶڶԼƱȶԷᣬ˾ܹסնɱԷ
ҹδҶģΪıѾﵽ컯㣬ͲŶԷһܹɱȻųԼˡ컯ıͲᱻһˣͺñһ˺һСһСӾ˲
ģ
СһذףŲעͱһ£˵ˣĿԶСԣҹδ벻ԼͻƣԼǺ׼Ҳó˽ںͶԷ࿹Ȿ͵ֵ˶ԷĹ¶ԷǿһЩԼϣԼˣԲԼ
ʱİһ뷨ҹδһģһıȻûҹδôߣҲﵽƽڣҲܳΪеĶٮٮߡҲʮţΪԼҲֻˡ˶һǰûа˵һεȫԹײʵȫĶԹײЩϾҲ໥̽ϣ˫ΪԷԼһǰĹѡܣԼܹһ˿Ȼ


1168 Ӳ
ȴû뵽˵뷨˵ͬȻͱƵ֮С˶Լųţڿ֮󣬲ûжͷӵһǰ
䡭
˵Ľ翪ʼײ˴ʱжʮֽţ׼ԼΪʵԷضˣƱԼһЩԼͿץסᣬ˲뵽֮̽սپԷնɱ
ǣ˵Ľոײ˵жһݣ˴˶ֶԷĽ粻򵥡Ȼƾеľơ˵ĽҲȫ෴ҹδĽһǵĽţĽֽȻͬԵĶײ
˵ĽײӾ磬һǵ΢Сı仯ԼʼˣȻƷǳ΢С΢С󣬵˵Ľȫײ֮ԼƱضǸʱҹδͻռݲСϷ硣˲ʶԼ΢СƲҲΪԷʽԷʽƷԼľſͷһǶԷĽԼĽһЩ
ҹδĽȷʵҪȶԷǶ෽صһ𣬱ЧҹδڽҪȶԷ΢߳һߣ磬̶֮ҪʿԪΪӣҲҪԪҪƶȻҹδԪҪȰһǿ
һĿֳ˼ɵͼǿս⣬Ҫֶ֣ҪܹԼѹĶֲֶֻ֣ܹԼøǿԼǿ̬ͻƽ硣Ҳ֪ҹδһʯһˡһƸۣ˺ˡ
ʮָɴĺ󳷣ҹδĹ
ʱҹδͰһǵĸоһģͬΪԷһʯʿԵһȻ󳷣ȴſͷǰͬһǶܣֱͷ
ͨһξ춯صײ˶˶ԷʵǿҲ֪ٷصӲƴǰԼ˲Ԥ֪жϣⲻʿΪǵͽʿͷŻ顣
ҹδ벻پֹǶ̤ǧǻһŰһȥ̽ѰŻᡣʮףһǲ콾֮ͲһܹսپսǷֳܹʤδ֪
ʵϣҹδ뻹еƣǣǽǣǽҲżΡ
ͨǣǽǣǽ磬һǣǽҹδûóȻʹǣǽͨǣǽֵƵͷţһҪѰѵĻᣬöԷϤ֮󣬸Էѹ𽥵ݼöԷϤԼǣǽ̶ƽ֮
ҹδ벻͵סӣѾ˳־ս׼
ҹδˣͬḻİһȻҲˡʵϣ˶öԷԼӲӣе뷨ȫͬҹδûҵᣬһҲͬˡҰһҲͬŵûʹҲҪһѵʱܹʩչԼܣҹδشʱӲĻᴴҹδ룬ҹδϤƵĻᡣ
ÿһܹҳɳľ콾ǵսǳעϸڣŷϸھɰ԰һǵ̬Ҳǳȣ˳־ս׼
Ϣҹδ뼫սƷֳڲԭΪԷһսʿںҹδս֮ǰطصҹδͻȻû̫ҹδ뱾սˣҹδ뱾սͼǿ
֣һȫ¾ҲСһ˿ҹδ뵱ԼѵһǿСܹѸٵذԼ̬ܹųɳҪء
Ǽ˾裬Ҳֻǰҹδ뵱ɺԼƽȵĶ֣߽Լ߳һߵĶ֣Բҹδ߳ԼӦԵĳ̶ȡΪԼõĥʯ
˵ѾǸҹδ뼫ߵˡԼԲԲʹĥһǧꡣҹδأ
ʱ䶼ûһǧܹ꣬ﵽԲѾܿɹֻҪδ˵ᳬԽԼڣƾԼľ͵̣㲻ɱ˶ԷռƵҲԼ
˷ҹδһս֮ԼľԴĥޣ̱֮չأǿ״̬ͻƽ硣Լͻƽ֮ǰܹҹδնɱóһ콾


1169 ƽ̲صķ籩
ҹδʵԼͻƽ֮򣬻˭ҹδĶ֣
ĥлɱҹδ룬̬£Ѿȫ˳־ս׼ꡣ
źҹδսʱӳҲ˾޴ʡҹδͻӦòǧɣν˳̶ȣ
ѵԼǿ
˵ɱʼº͡
ºֻǱϵģʵ̲Żֺֻһֱ˫ţûѰҵᣬᱬ˾ͬдһ㣬ʵ̲صտԾ
޷ǽսеȴʮֻҪԼ΢¶һ˿ͻѰĹ
ѾǱƴʵڱƴġ
ԽԽǽһǴʱԼûҵҹδ֮ǰ뷨ˡǸʱԼ㲻˲ɱҹδ룬Ҳһӵ飬֪ˣһ־սԼ΢һ£˵Էɱˡ
ʦ֣Ǳɱ
һǺҹδɱ˽ʱ䣬˷ˡҪǷײ֮ǰͱˡǸʱɽĴ˷ǳࡣҲڣʿռɽ彮ǰߺţɽ˱ˡ
ˣԲ֮սֻҪǧ֮·ܹ֪ռĲʱһֻʿСӣǸոմռڳ׬ԴҪűչ֧СӵʿΪɶͣ磬ܹˡΪ͵ڣΪߵѾﵽԲ
ʱǾǧ֪֮˲Ȼǧ㿴ɱİһǺҹδ룬һȤ߿£˹ҪսֺԼһսǵʵ̫ˡۿͬʿսǼϡΪ׵ǸԲʼǣ
Ҫ̫ܽ뵽ʮķΧ֮ڡ
ף
˷׷׵ͷҶ磬֪һ̤ʮķΧڣս˫һܣǻ˺ġȻǾԼҲ磬¡ǱǼӵļ뵽սУǷǳɵġ
ЩʿѸٵؿһжǳ˷ܡʿɽѾǵͽʿҲǸ߽ʿˣֲεɱǲ׼Ҫ֪ɱɱͬд衣
ܿ죬Ǿվʮ⣬һƬȥʱǻѾһƬǽ塣˾ڰйעŰһǺҹδ
һǸΪ͵ʿʦ֣дɣ
ǸԲҲŹ֣ȴɽԼʦܵ
˼д裬ǶҪٿְⱻԷᡣ
ףʦܷ׷׵ͷ
ʦֶҪ֪ʿ֮вԸŹֵˣд裬ҲϲԹۣ˱ֳϲ뿪
һ£ʦܲˣʦ֣ˣ磬ʦ㻹ԲǱȻԲҲ磬˻ˣ
ǾٲϲҲӦʶȤԹۡ
λʦɫһǳҲˣѵ֪ΪǾ磬ʵʵ
ԲеԲȴܹ˲ɱһԲܹ𣿶ҹصúù۲졣
ǣʦܲӦһȻвȴҲΥʦֵһרעؿȻԽԽԾ
֮սȲǾд裬˵˵սֱ̼ۡûһ˿˷ѣ֮ͨ䣬ƽǲû˿ݵʤе⣬·ÿһˣսܲÿȴһֿ־塣
֮ͷŵͨûǰһĸ߼ͨеĻǷǳǳͨǶϡãƲĵͽͨʩչȴһַɭϵĸо
ʦ֣Ϊʲô󲿷ֵ£ʹõͽͨ²Ǿд裬ҲΪԼֵͨͽͨʲôдģ
ʦִʱȴһأΪˣǲŲд衣
ʦɫһ˼ھ
Ӧãˣ
λʦָ˵һ֣Ȼɫ䣬һԶɶݡո˵һֵ˲䣬ʮ֮䱬ǿܣͬһ㣬˵ͬһռĿʼһ㣬Ѹݵ飬˹
ӿɱӡ


1170 ϳ
ʦɫò԰ףǴʱĸоԼͷ·һҶۣԵȴˣ̵ֻʹ˳̵ľԶɶݣһϢʱ䣬ѾԶȥһλʦѾԶ
һľԶܵٶȣʦܴʱѾڱѪģۿžҪûλʦȻ˻һץסһʦܣٶԶɶݣ˲Ϣ֮䣬Զȥ۵һһѪ
ʦܷӵߣڱѪֹλʦץеʦܸǱûʮ궼ָλʦͣػͷȥҹδͰһǱƽٴͬдһ㡣
ʲôˣһʦܾΪ
ʦ³һҷԣʵΪһģ֪˰ɣԺ͵һ㡣
ʦ֣˭
ʦҡͷҲûмеһҵܹ³
˭ǸޣǸŮޣ
Ǹһֱʹð׹ڵͨضǰ׹ʿ׹ʿܹܵԲҲֻаһǡ
һǣ
ɫȻ
ǸŮأ
ʦ˼һȴҡͷ벻ҵļУûôһˡˣ뿪ɡһе˭˳һӣǾΣˡ
ʦһݣҲû֮ǰֽһЩͷɥظԼʦ뿪ˡ
ҹδͰһȫûаʿһֱרעԶԷֻҹδûʹ£˻â˭Ҳκβ˶Է
ʱİһǶҹδȫһֲţţȻ̫˽ҹδ룬Ҳ֪ҹδҲͽ뵽缸ʱ䣬ԲꡣʱһֱԲ˵ҹδӦһֻ֪չ콾ΪսǸݲһ
ԼǴ꣬Բʹǧ꣬ǧ겻ϵغʵԼϵսַḻսʶҹδôģ
ҹδ룬ȴֲòһ֣һʮѲʮǿĶ֡ԭŶʱھնɱԷͷ޷ʵ֡
ǻźܶƣҲҹδҲûгȫضҲŵƣԼĵƲóΪһ˵ƣǾľҪս֮ǰԥͷųԼĵƣŹ˼ɡ˼ҹδĵơԼ˵ƣҹδҲضơûģԼƵ£һܹնɱҹδ롣նɱҹδ룬ҲնɱľԼ
Ϊǵƣ
ܲ޴֮ܳΪƣһԼ޷ƿءΪضԼһսҲ֮ܳΪơԣڶõƵʱ򣬱ضҪѰҶԷһһʤΣա
ҹδ뵱ĥʯģѰΣյġ
˴ʱѾٻɱˣ˸߿֮ϣǾʩΪҲһֱԹʱԹʱһǹҹδأʱҹδ빥һء
˵ɱѾȥ죬һֵֽ״ֳ̬õɱʱرһΣ̫ˣƫƧĵطڸ߿֮ϣҲ˲ٵʿǰۿʿԽԽࡣȻϳ̶ǰۿ˶֪˭
ڰһܹܣΧ۵ʿԾǶҹδ뾹ȻܹͰһǽ֣˵ģ̫ЩʿԾˡǵӡУҹδɷ֮ʥռݾҹδһͲһսǽ쿴ҹδսȻɽļ콾֮һһǲ¡
ǵʿˣվϳҹδ롣ҹδֲεС͸СҲɷ֮ʥҲͷȻЩ˾ˡ
Լеӡ󲻶԰
ҹδսôôǿ
սôãҹδһҲûͷŷ
̫ˣ
ȫ߸еӡ
ҹδͰһǴʱȫΧĻ͹ۿȺˣѾһˣһµʱ䣬һǺҹδϢѾ㷺Ĵ˳ȥкܶţرǾŴŵʿϹۿǰ׹ںͳҲ˺ܶʿ׹ͳˡ
һǴʱһľɱҹδ룬ҹδҲͬ뷨
û¶⣬ΪĽһǵĥʯǵһκǿ־սĶ֣ǱԼǿԼ̫࣬һǵʵȴԼ£һĶֶ֡־ĸҹδ˺ܶࡣ


1171 彮
֪һĵ뷨ȻǺԼһھĹҲûΣգмΣҹδоԼܹɱ˰һǡͬǣҲмΣһǾԼܹɱҹδ롣
ʿΣķǳɱرʵµ¡
˶ѹŸԵĵƲʩչ˾ͳһս˵Χ۵Щʿоһճ־õɱʱܹ
ֳʱɱǶʿΪͨľһ
һȫλĴ˶սѧʱʳҩܱԷץԼĻᡣ
Ҫֲ֪εսʵµսһĶҲӲܹսѰҵԵҩĻᣬԷ׽ɱԼĻᡣ
ͬʱоԼľÿжһŽĸˣΪԼԲͻƽԽԽˡ
ҹδҲǳˣΪѾԼظоƽıϡͬʱսľͨƿأҲо˳ĽıսУϵѰҶԷֲϵطԼĲ㣬ԼĲ㣬Լĸڲϵؼ
ԽԽϤԷԷոһͷԷѾӦԡͬϬһ㡣
˵սÿ춼һεεһ˵ɱһӾͱü쳣ҲͳһϢϢʱ䣬лַָ·д״̬
ֱΧ۵ʿ𾪣ܹΧֲεսҲʿǿöΪöв𾪡ΪֱܹܣѾԲʿܹܣѾ൱ƽˡ
ԽԽݡ
ԷɱľԽء
·ԼһѵԷһĥʯǵĥûˣǵĥʯĥˣԲڵ
˶ѽ˻ӳȥײ߸ɱ֮ϣֻ߽ǧ򻯸״
˶ڽӦüͬʱµ뷨
𡭡
ҹδվԼĽ룬Ȼǽ翪ʼѸٵı仯һϻģŶİһǳ˹ȥ

һǵĽҲ˱仯һ

Ȼ˵Ľ粻ϵر仯еʱĳޣеʱ򣬱ɸеʱǳÿһֱ仯֮󣬶иֱ仯Ĳͬͨܡ
ùۿʿˡ
Ŵŵ
ԣ
ŴҲˣв컯ʿֻǼ컯ʦҲû绹ĽȷʵǿˡþŴжɸп
Ǿ콾˭ˣһʧ
ֻǰ׹ͳʦɫʮƽĶǱ˴ˣڼеˡΪǶԼŵʿضӮ
׹׾ʮ˽һǣ֪һǻеûʹȻƶûʹǾ֤һˡ
ڱȣΪ֪ҹδѾ⣬һҹδͷų⣬˵ʿˣƽʿѵ⻹ʲôĵģ
ĵֻǰ׾ͻȻֻ֣ҪԼܹʱס׾ǾͿˡ
˵սʹ뿪˻ʱѾԽǰߣ뵽ӪϿա
Ӫˡ
ǸҲˣΪ˴ʿ⻹ҪģҪ˲ٵ컯ʿֻһ컯ʿ̿ʼǱߴϢȻŵضϷȻϷʿƶȴû
ҡ
ɱ
˽Сط˿УԶԶعۿ
ף
ԲǺǿսĲ˵˵壬ƽڿ¶򲻹ǣƽڶ˵
۾Ȼɴ
ѵھ
ã
ã
˭嶼һ콾
һʱ͹ȥ˰ӣȻֻж̶̵İʱ䣬ȴˡĽͿˡʿעȫɱʿϡ
ɱʿӦŴŵľ콾
תתǲǳӸ콾һ£һ뻹ˡʮ컯һأһԿĻ塣һԿ콾໥ɱɡ
ʱȥã㿪ʼһ컯һ־һоһ£ȷʿھȻɱˣɱĽ򣬶ЩʿۿģӦûбʿ˼


1172 
Ȼˣ岻룬ֻ֡˭嶼ˡ
ںͰ׾ǵ컯ʿȻҲķӦҲûʲôɵĵġضǲֵģô컯ἫΪءǿҹδͰһǣжֳ˿ϧ
˿ضһսˣ˭ʤˡӦöڲ֮ͻƽ硣ֻһ콾̫źˡ
ʱҹδԽԽܣҲûʹ⣬ȴ˸⡣ֲεսһѹ⣬ڴԼľ硣оԼľԽԽʵˣҲԽԽԽԽ㡣ĺʵ֧ԼŸ̽Ѿظ֪ƽıϣҪľǼַʽսԼǲԽԽȻȥֻдֻܹкϣܹϺ硣
һҲʮֿܣԭѾһϣǸʵѾʼȻȻسǲϣȻٶȻȴܹ֪Լĳ£ǲԽԽ
˼ʱȲͷԼĵƣԼҪԷţҪԷԼĥʯֲεɱĥԼ
˵ɱûһķһҹδˣһ׷һһˣҹδ׷˷ģԽԽΧ۵ʿҲԽԽ࣬Ѿʿ
ҹۿһǺҹδɱʿ壬壬ΪҲ硣һ£ҲһᱻɱӰԼ־
£컯Ҳûйʿͷԭʮ߸컯
ǿԽЩƽɱ⣬ʮ߸컯ҲܹΧ۵ƽɱ⣬Ǻֹ컯߶ǵͨɱ壬ǷǳԣǸûжֵͷȻҲ϶컯Ҳᶯ֣Ϊһ֣컯ͻǰΧ۵ƽɱ⣬Ҳʧ
лţҹδͰһһֱôȻٻص彮ҲȥҲҶ嶯֣һҪ
ҹδͰһǴʱȴȫרעˣϣѾȫģרעĶսΧ۵ʿԽ࣬Խû˸ҳֹеκһ
ʱǱʿʮͻ
һһŮ
ʿ峤ԲۡŮǷ峤ԲƮ˲ʱǰһ˿ɱ⣺
ãҸᣬΣ
Ʈ˰һۣˣ
۴һӣǰһǳ֣»Ļսܶʿϧˣ
Ʈ³һ콾̬֮ƣ˱ضһѾ£־ͺá
δ£ҡҡͷҲͶͨľ콾ڽֺһսҶĽնɱ
ǣɱһһضͻƽ磬һͻơڽǻһδܹնɱԷ
ԣҿһʧ¡£Ϊһǿľ콾һͨ콾ǸˣɵĿδͻ컯
ƮĬȻƬ̣ͷ˵Ĳǲܳ֡
ֻ֪ź
վڲԶһ컯ʿ͵ؿ˵ܹһ㣬ܲΣѾԽ̫ʿ˵˵ǻܹʲô
ƮͰ΢΢üͷ
ܿʲô
Īǻûпģ
һУ
Ҫ֪˵Ŀ컯棬һ컯濴ûп컯ΪӦܹ
һ£˿øרעˡ
Ǳߣ׹ڵ׾ǸֳЦݣ¶˷֮ɫ
ΪѾһ⣬ȻƤëû򣬵Ϊ컯ʿܹ֪һڿ⡣
ֻ컯ܹʷ츳ʿҲֻƽڲƤëġ⣬ֻƤëʷϴδйһܹͨһս⣬ֻЩƤëһжֵˣֱǳԽͻƽ磬δɾ컯Ŀԡ
ȻһƤëһ̣ͱضնɱҹδһ˲
׾ܹ֪˸֪


1173 ͻ
ȻҲ֪õԣЩ컯ʿĿ⿴ڡ
ںò׳һ콾һһɷ֮ʥȴҪˡ
ɫƽֻƲ졣
һΪĹУԲϢȻͱЩ컯ʿ֪
ҹδ벻ͬ
ҹδѾ⣬ҾҲֻһߣ£ֻҪͷ⣬ûܹ֪컯ʿҲ֪ڲ֪ҹδѾɾֻһߣֻ֪ҹδﵽСɡѾ㹻ˡ
һһ⣬ҲֻƤëˣһﵽСɾȣǺʲô
׹ںò׳һпľ콾ʱ⹥ҹδʱ򣬾Ǳҹδնɱʱ뿴һʱ򣬰׾ǻʲôܵɫȻҹδնɱһǵʱ򣬰׾ֻʲôɫ
̫˼ˣ
Ǻǡ
ڵİһǼģֺҹδһսȻջζջԭֻҪҹδ뵱ĥʯԼĥµȻͻƽ硣ȴû뵽һսȻ͸һݴ񡣾ȻԼ⣬ԼֻһƤëǾͲͻƽˣǳԽ֮ϵͻơ
Լͻƽ֮󣬻ǿʲô̶ȣ
ҹδ룬ǰˡ
ǿԼľŬȥץסһ˿սвϵؽһ˿
ҹδƽΪûջ

ܹ֪ԼֻʮֻԶѾ⣬ƽɵҹδ˵ͺƽˡ
¾ôһĶҹδҲһֱûͷ⣬Ϊһͷ⣬սͽˡͰһǴ򣬻ܹԼһƣȻ΢Сһһ
һĲЩ컯һЩʿİۺͷƮʿȻû⣬ͷĿǲ٣ֶ峤ȻǼ̫⡣ˣȻ֪˰һɢϢ
ˣ˵ɫɾͱˡߣΪԼ߹ѪͳԼû⣬徹Ȼܹ⣬ֱ̫˲˼ˡ˵ɫʮѿ֪ŰһǵϢٲԸϣҲòʵҧ
һӦúܹܿˡһ⣬ضȫҹδ
ƮҲɫѿĵͷܹжϳҲܹжϳ
˴Сڵг۽ͼʶǷұΪҲߣָ߲ǵľ磬ǵսΣ޵С
ʿЩ͵壬˵еЩСʿܹȵġܹȵģҲľŴšƮɷȴòźˣҲˣΪһһǱ⣬Щˡ˲ҲǱǻһЩһξ룬˳ⲨķΧ֮⡣
Ϊͷ峤ȻżĽҲżߵǻۣǲΪ޴ӲһԼķܹлľߣΪ峤Ҫԭ
ҹδ۾΢΢ȻҲ֪˰һڽӽ⣬ò˶þͻ⣬ȻƤëҲ⣬ЩԥԼʱնɱһǣǲ⣬һԼǷܹסԷ⣿
ԼԪͱɶﵽ컯ԪҲﵽƽԲŶԿĻؼǶԷֻƤëţСɣҹδ붼ҲӲˣ֪Ŀ¡
ǣлҪͨԼĻͷųȥһҪ޶ȵͷųȥ
ͨͲһȼģҪͨס⣬ҪøͨȥֵͱľһԷ̫֣ҲԽĥۣϡ
֮ҹδ벻⣬Ϊһ⣬սͽˡ֪ԷԼãرǶԷӵ֮ĥʯþ͸ˣԸĥԼԼ
ʱİһѾоԼ⣬һ֮ĸооԼѾΪһ壬ԼԼԼѾǿ˼㡣
һҹδ롣
ɱʱˣ
ɱҹδ룬ԼͿԳԽ̬ͻƽ磬һɳˡ


1174 ̫
¶һ˿΢ЦΧԼľſͷͬһҹδײ˹ȥ
һ̷·춼ڰ޹⣬·һ磬š
ſκλŵ
ҹδ볤תж
Χʿŵעţǿĵһͨײ˵УضҪ߳ͨǷԣһǲŸȫޱȫ񿴵ҹδҲȷʵȫء
һҹδһȫء֮ǰʱһǹҹδءʱҹδ빥һء˭Ҳַأ˭أҲֽڣһȫҹδȫء
ҹδ΢΢һüͷͨ컯Ԫĸ£ǰδеܣҹδһֱʮֵľ㲩ɲ⡣ǸֻƤëȴɲһߡ
Ȼֻǲһߣżûв𣬵־ʿֻһߣײУܹ

ſͷײʽϣÿײһ£ҹδͻһȻ裬ϵڵж̫ͨʹۣ޷ײ
ǶİһȴüͷĽȫͬУſ̲ͷײҹδ룬ҹδֵܹͷͷ㲻ɱҹδ룬Ҳضشҹδ룬̶ᱻĿͷɱ
ѾǵĿͷˣȻҹδڿеĲĲ˵òţغˣ·ң·磬ǾŲСľ롣

˫ײܼӣռ䶼һȦȦҵĲƣⲨƿźᣬΧۿЩʿо󲿷ȴˣ֪ԼΪһĲԼͻ顣
̤̤̤
ҹδ˾Ųյһá
Ƿһ˿Цݣտʼʱüͷǳҹδдձˡ񿴵ҹδ뾹Ȼƾͨ͵ס⣬ȻֻƤë⣬Ȼ˾Ų֪ҹδض࣬ŲƵ
ϵʿˣȻҲʿӲŲˣʾԼǿ
컯ʿȻˣʿȻؾͺˡֻƽεʿѡеƽʿѡˣڵס⣬ûġҲеƽʿǾͲţֱҹδ붼ܹѾվĺԶֻǳನܲס
гܲסģ𵴳촷ۡҲеģϾֻನһƤëನ
ƮĿսۣҹδ𣿡
ҡͷҹδҲֻ΢·ѣһֻƤëȻռһ˿Ϸ磬ȴûоԵơҵʮҹδ룬Ȼܹͨ⣬ͨɣ
Ʈͷȴʤǿȷʵõѡ񡣵ǱϾ⡣
۵ͷԣҲⳡʤ
˵һ˿ȻϾҲֻ磬û⡣ҲֻһĶǲΪδؾҹδǿĵƣֻһʼ
Ʈͷͬý˻ᣬǿܷͨס⡣
ʱڵʿҲ˲٣Ȼҹδ룬Աߵͬʵ
ҹʦ˾Ųˣ
ԱߵĳʿЦͿˣ㿴⣬ʤܣ֧۾ҹʦðˣ
ǣһʿǱˣҹʦûһɷ֮ʥΪֹûͷһŷء
԰ǡҹʦΪʲôͷŷѵûУ
͡һɷ֮ʥϻûз
Ϊʲôͷţ
Զһ׹ʿЦΪͷɷ֮ʥƷķҪʱ䰡ʦֻҹδͷŷĻʱ𣿡
ͬʱսڣһ˫裬Ǿſͷ­۶ѣͷÿһѳƷΣҹδٴײ˹
ҹδʩչж
оεܱѾʮѡգ켣ми
͡
иƷεͷиͷҲܾۼƷΣɢֳΪ˹һͷȻж


1175 
ҹδںˣκ˵ĲɾŲʮɴݣû·һ˿Ѿ޽ӽ˴ɾ硣
ɢڿеľſͷȫһͬɾſͷһ׹ɽɭɭ⣬ҹδѹ
ҹδжȻиɽиɾſͷߵ
һΪˮʩչҹδ뵹ǧףǾſͷȻҹδԱ֮ʩŰһײȥ
һǽüͷȫû뵽ġôͨס⣿
ȻͷŵֻƤë⣬ͨͨ
ǡ
Ҳ⡭

ܣ
ûи֪ͷ⣬Ϊʲôܹ赲ҵ⣿
лȻ棬һԼֻƤëһҹδĻ̫ۺۺĻΪʱͨͨԼ⡣
ҲıѾﵽƽڣ۷壬ԪҲˣֿܹҵ⡣ǣֿͨ⣬Ļǳܵã
лЩϲҹδܹסԼԼҹδ൱һʱĥʯ
ҹδֵܹʱ䳤һЩ˵ܹԼͻƵš
ôһ룬ҹδ뻹Լĸǰ
Ҫ֪һľ⣬ҪһԼս൱ĥʯ̫ˡܹԼһսֶĶȥң
ҹδսҲ˰һǵ뷨֪ԷԼĥ⡣ҲĸԸΪԼջ񲢲ȶԷ١
ڴռڵʱоԼѾܽˣǾͲôһ˿ȴָһָоͬǵһ㣬ɿԽǸʱԼľ⣬ΪԼΪͻƽ֮󣬾ͻˮɵؽ򵽴ɾ硣ںͰһһսԼЩˡ
ôĶԲԣ
ԣҲԣ
ҹδͻƽ磬ȷʵܹ򵽴ɾļʣȴǱȻģˮɵģڵҹδҲо򵽴ɣδؾҪͻƽ硣֮ǰ֮Ըоһ˿ǵΪԼ̫ˡ
ڴû죬ֱܹ⣬ܲ
Ļʵźܴ鸡ʵϣ鸡ܽ򵽴ɵأΪľûͻƵƽ⡣֮ͻƽ磬ҲҪʵֻлʵˣܹߵľͻơ
Ǹ¥ʲôǶߵ¥
ҹδʹ⣬̫ˡҹδͷ⣬˵һˣƽԲлܵĿܣоڵԼͰ벽컯ܹһ⣬ĶҲҡڵĻʵǺƽҲܹսһսǺ˱ǿ󣬱ǺƽҲܹһսںͰһǵսǺ˱սΪǧ⣬ľͨ⡣
һǵսû֮ǰܹﵽƽ۷ģҹδ벻⣬Եı壬ֻͨභȰһ⣬㿪ʼռһ˿Ϸ硣һ˿Ϸ磬ѹҹδ룬ȴҹδ뼫ѹѹҪʵҹδ˵ȴǸոպãĻڲϵرʵЩ鸡ڱ
ֺҹδ֮ãô÷
һǿʼ̲ڸ֮ͨУҹδѹȶҹδӵĳԷͷų磬⣬ͨſͷͷųҹδоԼҪˡĻţΪڰһͷ֮ҹδ㽫ͨӦԡԷڽУȻɵɵزý硣
Ҳͷų˽硣
ȫȻͬ
ҹδĽת
һǵĽţڼ֮󣬾Ȼɭɭ׹ǡҹδ벻Ŀ²ǰһǵܹһЩǲǻã
Щû᲻ӵйܣ
ⲻɸԼ뵽УԼ᲻Ҳܹʱ䣿
ҵĥʯ绹ûкʵȴ
ҹδиˣǿѹԼҪԵ˼ڲͷ⣬һͷ⣬Լ֣һ˵ͺµˣԼȥĶĥʯ
Լŵĳϣ
ǲУҲʱԼûպͽţĥµЧȥˡԣڶԼĥ»вƵЧץסѿҲѿˣѹҲͱѹˣеΣҲˡʲôҲ赲ԼץסĥµĻᡣ


1176 
һߺͰһսһҲĥ֡һĹ͹ڻŲͬġҲ͹ڵʿ֡ڵʿĪһЩ׹ڵʿȴӱһЩ߶ߵɭ·ӡǶսԨһ㡣
ҹδķȴ෴ҹδ֪ͨûиֻ֣֮˭ĸӱϿĽͰһǵĽˡǾ˭˭ǾҪԵĻͶڴ򣬻жĴܹͷųĳ̶ȡ
ڿڻ棬ҹδԶʤԷġڴ棬ҲʤԷΪ⣬˶ڽĴͷųĳ̶ȾԶԷˡҲǶԷܹѹҪԭ
һ񽣣ȴʣԷȴһʵı㲻ѹƣ˭ѹƣ
һǵĽ粻ϵغҹδĽײ
ײͽУϵĥҹδеҹδĥһȦתǲɱ·磬Ľһһرѹ
ҹδĿ΢֪ΪĥҲһζ·磬ȥᱻһǽİһ˿ձΪʤƣ̶նɱԼ
һζطҲҹδ²졣
еҹδȻһ̳һ̳˰򽣹⣬۳ɺӣƺȥȻû⣬ȴ˳ȥ֮⣬ҹδܹǿܡ
һתתУ⻹ڷɿӸոմ̳һа򽣹⣬ת㻯Ϊǧ򽣹⣬תⳬ
һĿⶸȻһſͷڰһԲȦſͷϵתⲼԲȦڵĿռ䡣򽣹ⲻϵײԲȦڣʧ
ʱҹδһڴ̳һξ룬һת⻯Ϊʮڣն⣬ͬǳ׹أ貶Ŀ
һ̣ƣҹδ˹һǱΪطȫķת˹
ҹδȴû˿ϲãܹ֪ԼĽ뵽ԷȦ㱻ֽɢȻ糤һԴԴϵعҲڲϵرֽɢ
һû˿֮£ǿһ
ʮڽȫ֮Ŀռ䣬ɱӣֱ
һûнʲô仯Ƿǳ򵥵ĹǴ򵥵ĶĶ
Χʿɵˣû뵽ҹδ룬ͻȻһûȫ򵥣ֱӣҰ塣
ǣַʽܹ
¶ԷֻƤë⣡
ǳԾͬʱҹδ뽫̳ĳ˻Ȼһ̳ǰʮڽ⻹ûнд̳ʮڽ⣬˵ǰһˣΧۿˣ۶ǽ⣬һ̳սѾͬһƬǺӣ貶Ŀ
ˣҹδƴˣ
ԭѾ˺ԶʿٴοʼˣսģġˣǽضҪ߷ͬ뵽˽һսеʮУһĽ⣬ҹδ뱾ܵؾͻᷴûɵȥðգԣʿ׷׺ˡ
ʱİһɫʮأ۶ǽ⣬ѾҹδӰͬһҶ쫷бܺˣһ˾ʧȥ֡һʧȥ֣Լ⣬ҲδܹĻбԷնɱĿܡ
ž£Ҳһ˿ϲ
µǣȫû뵽һûԲʵǿõľ塣ϲǣӦҹδǿĵƣһԼһҹδһֻ׵
ֵɡ
ǾſͷΧɵһȦӣͬγһ磬˰һǵǰͣŽ⣬һ뵽ǾſͷΧɵȦڱʧˡ
ǣǾſͷȴʼز·Ѿﵽ˼ޡһɫأдڴ
صǣ֪Լܷ񵲵ס⣬ڴǣҹδͷͨıض
ǣȴ֣ȼֲסԼ̾Ϣһзһ˿ᡣһҧǾſͷеһͷڿһȦһ˸ͷҲ΢ǿͷƿ¶Ŀռ䣬γһɰ˿ͷΧɵȦӣƶǿͷȦӵ롣
ľſͷȶֵŹĽ⡣
ǣ˵ҹδ룬ΧۿЩʿܹͷۿɼٶȱð
ÿжڴսҹδĵıʶԪһĵһɱһδؾһɱǿͷסأ


1177 
֣
ھһֵ״̬ľ˭ȼֲס仯
ҹδüİһصиɻȫͷŽĹУûи֪Էһ˿кֹԼĺܴʮڵĽֻͲһʿܹͷųģȴҹδͷ˳ɼġ
ıܣȻİһǸסˡҹδʱҲɾ塣ʱһжҹδҲ壬ΪصҲࡣЩоҪزסˡ
ԼԾſͷĽ磬ҽл⣬ȻԷĽ̵ÿҪˡҲûİ취˶ˣѾﻢˡֻм֣ҹδ뾭ġ
ڵһ˿壬ҹδûôأ
ֻǺԼһֻƤëƶܹԼնɱ
һ뵽еɱ͸Ũˣҹδɳҹδ⣬ҹδͻƽ磬֮ǰɱҹδ롣
ֻҪһҹδľ޴󣬶Լ⣬ɱ֮䡣Ѿҹδ뵱ĥʯˣĥȥҹδ⣬սͻƣԼΣˡԣֻҪһ;նɱҹδ롣Ͳֱҹδֳܹá
ҹδʱҲ̾ϢԼַʽƶԷķˡַʽԼĺܴ󣬲ȥˣȥΥĥԼĳԣֻǱһй˳ȥҹδ̬ҲƽŰѰһǵĥʯˡ
ʱ̳ǰֻĶʮڽѾǸͷȦɣѾһ룬ûнԷǸȦƿʵҪǸȦӱֻҪƿƿһ˿϶ͻٴ̳һһкǧԷȦӱ
ǶԷصùȻȦŲǵеһͷƶм䣬ȦٴȶһʯĸоȻҹδЩ㲻Էǲʯ׼ν
ҹδû⣬ҲΪĥǿԼ⣬ԼʹһûˮƽںͰһǽ֡ˣͲԼĹΪƴʱ
£ҲԷҪעһǲʿΪȻ޹ǾͱɷöԷԼѰһˡ
ҹδ벻ٹһһĿҪסˡȷҹδӦĹԼնɱҹδʱ̡
ˡ
һ˫ſȻǰȥſͷɢȥγһ޴ȦӣֵķΧڣ㶼Ľ磬Ľ硣
Ҵſͷʼɢһ˲䣬Ǹʱ򣬻ûҹδ롣˿ҹδӦ̺󳷣ףϾûбſͷ֡ǲ֪ҹδǾſͷʲôо
Ǿſͷڴ޴ҹδΪ߾˵롣˲䶼Ǿſͷ˽С
ҹδܹѾſͷĽ
ܣ
ҹδ벻ѣҪ԰һǾʵﵽʲô̶ȣ
˾ſͷĽ羿ǿʲôزȻơ֪Լڿ԰ѣԳһԼѣ鲻ԷͷŵܡݶԷĽ϶ΣգҲǻᣬҲԼջ
תֻһ˲䣬˾ҲûͶ֮ͦУȻ͵ŶԷĽ罫Լ֡ȻҲɵţǽԼĽҲͷ˳ڶԷĽγһԼĿռ䡣
Ȼҹδ΢΢һüͷо˶ԷĲͬܣĽ磬˳˰һ֮д
ͳһ⣬ص⡣
ΪҹδĽǱһǵĽ棬ȻָĴɵĽǰһǵĽܹȡشϵܣһܹԴԴϵؽȡشάԼĽܡ
ǣҹδͲˡĽ类ԷĽش޷شܱСһΪУȥһʲô
ջΪҹδĽ粻ϵСԷĽѹȻԷĽֱѹҹδ壬ҹδ飬նɱҹδ롣
ڵɫˣ뵽˽£һʱ䱬ԼеǱƶԷĽ磬ӶԷĽгȻٺͶԷ˫ܹشҹδضҲѡ񡣿ôãѾҹδս飬ʱ
ʲô


1178 Ե
ҹδվû̳ƶԷֵļһ˻ᣬҹδСɣҲ޷ƶԷ֡ΪԷԽشȴܡ
ҹδʲô
ܹ뵽ģҹδȻҲܹ뵽֪ѵѡǳȥһˣܾܿͳ岻ȥˡڱԷֺͼѹһɲǣоͻƽ˵֮ǰѾ֪ƽǱϣھѾһϣ᲻ᡣλᣬҲҪǧʱȥܹͻơ
ڽУƷϾ͵ڰһǵĽ硣˱ֻܹƾ̺ͶԷ࿹Ǳ壬ԪԪЩ̣ҹδ붼ԶһǣǲܽشֻıҹδҲ̵ֲܹʱ䡣
ҹδתС£Լ巽ԲףܹӽʡԼġ
˹ȥңҹδͷһڼµѹУת㲻һԪתһԪʱҲֻһƤëΪҪͻƾ⣬㽫һԪ£һҪԭҲķ
ˣҷҲˡⲻһ˲䣬ҹδˡļޱһԪ˵һԪıԴ
ҹδһ۲һսĳ棬΢΢ЩԼڼʧȥ˽ĿԣڶԷѹ£Լֲܽشֻܹƾ豾̲зԼʱ䲢ࡣ
ڵѾȫ˰һǵı⣬ҪϾԼشĿԣȴܹԴԴϵؽȡشЮشѹԼֻҪԼڲϵģձѹ촷ۡ
ǣΪԼûл
ڵԼǿʲô
ͨҲǽ磬ǹǿ󣬵ǵȵԼԪԪĲʱ򣬼ܹͷ⣬ҲǿȥĹޣⶼͷŲȥ
ԼǿĲЩǿı塣컯ɵı塣ںͰһǶԿĵֻԪԪȻҲģǺԪԪǾ΢΢ʱ򣬼ƾԼıԼҲܹƾ豩ԷĽ硣
ʵǶԷľֻ̫ͣ磬⣬Ҳ硣οҲֻƤëСɣµţҹδӵؼɵ
룬ҹδ뿪ʼںͶԷ࿹Уתļ̲صһԪ
һǼҹδ뾹ȻڵֿҲʮָˡһ棬ڿʼʱ򣬻ҹδԼشеԼĽ硣ĻԼʧȥնɱҹδĻᡣΪڽ⣬ҹδʱܹߡҹδûлˡ
ԼĽѾȫҹδ룬ȫҹδ룬ҹδ޷ȡһ˿شҹδ뻹£ûѡ̱ӳȥǶʱˡ̶ֳȣҹδʱҪҲ޷Լ̲Ľ硣
ҹδˣ
һ棬ΪҹδȻֿܹ͸Ļᡣʮϣҹδֿܹһʱ䣬ܹ˽šĻص̱չأͻƽ֮󣬱ضһǿƽʿ
֪ʲôʱ򣬰׹ڵѾ˳ڵԣЦǺǵص
ҹδ뻹ӳĻ𣿡
ڴʱҲҹδҪʲô޷ǾҪһǵѹԼͻƽʱ䡣ڿҹδҪͻƽ磬ҪǧΪλġҹδһ콾ҲҪǧʱ⡣ôһ֣ҹδܹúᣬ˵ܹڰͻƽ硣
̫Σˣ
лǶҹδЩΣҹδ벻ɵȵԼĹ޲ͻΧǸʱˡɡԣҹδһĴﵽɣ߳ɵ̵ʱ򣬾ͻᱬͻΧ߳ɵ̣ҹδ뱬С⣬ضܹưһǵĽ硣ϾһǵֻƤë
ǣҹδܹѵ˼ҰһǾͲܣ
һһҹδ֮ǰţҹδΣˡԣʱڵɫЩãؿһ۰׾ǣ
Сİһˣһ£ҹδ⣬¹˭ֻء
׾ɫҲ΢䣬սϵİһǣָֻ˼ᶨɫʿʿĵ·Ҳܹǿ󡣰һҪôǾֻôԵ


1179 
ҹδڶڰһǵĽڲϵظ֪Уּ޵ѹ£ĸ֪ӵ񡣶ԷĽȫһţݰܣҶ֮һУŸʴӰЧ
ŵ֮Уƺһصܹ֪
ǰ׹ڵڴУҹδǵһκͰ׹ʿսڰ׹ڲϤѹ򡣶з֣ԭͰš

ҵһԪĹУеᡣ
һԪ֮ԴһгΪԼ֣ЩһԪ
ҹδ뽥һԪƤëͻͽŵľ
ţ
ҹδһ£˶ԷĽ˻ɫˣĽĻ˹ǻɫһʮֲɭصϢҹδĽ磬ҹδĽ͸š
ǡȪϢ
ҹδĿһ𶯡û뵽һǾȻ˳̶ȡȥǱߵĻȪڻȪżϤҴӶԷϢϣо˾¡
־ԪоֻȪͨȻܹӰԪһϢʶ¶Ԫв
ҹδȻһӵվķ򣬲ڵţڵţŵĴţߵĶ·ӣ˵ߵ·ӴԣȻַ򡣼ҹδҲͨĸĴ򡣵ǽоˣ𹥷ο׹ں͹ڶĶ档
ҹδŵʿӸںͰ׹ʿӹֶΣҲƽ͵Ĵ򣬶ƫ򹥷ּ˵Ĵ
Ĵʲô߱˵ԣ
Ȼ
ҹδҲ֪Լĳ̶޷ƶԷᱻԷơ
ⲻҪҪˣһɷ֮ʥһӵбɷ֮ʥȻıѾһɱԪʱʱ̵̿СҹδһüʣǱ㱻ϣȻһףǱͷÿһȦǱͳһȦǵصӷ˳
ˮһӿҹδĽ磬ŰһǵĽȥЩҲãȪҲգ׷׻Ϊ촷ۡ
һĿһҹδҲ˼ļɵԼ⣬ҹδ붼û⣬ĪֶΣҹδͻƽ⣬ҹδ⣬ԼҹδĶ
ӿɱͬʱһ˿ϲáҹδͷ˻ֺضļΪ磬ҾͲֶܹã
ǸӦһƷܸߵɱ߶ɱĵΨʶΪӴ󣬲õҹδʶ֮Ĺ⣬ֻҪĳһ룬ҹδͷܾͱȻ½Ǹʱҹδ֮ʱԼܹõһܾ޴ķ
׬ˣ
һ춯־ؽȡشܼϢҹδӶȥҹδͷŵײ
ҹδʱ鷴࣬ʵǵԪ㣬ΪûṩָԪıȻŵҩΪ磬ټԪĵٶȣǵҩ㡣
һԪ㣬άֽȻͻ½ս飬ԷͨٵԼϡ
ڻԵɺ֮£һǱҹδʹ
˵ʵڵģҹδ̫ûʹñˣɽûбһ˵ԼıˣֻǰѱһĹͷˡҲڷţԷĹһ
ʹҪԪĵֻʶ֮ҹδʶ֮ǿ˵Ҫһռ䣬ռŴĲʶ֮ҺҺɲǵҩܹ˲䲹ʶ֮ġû˺֮ǡһһֱֹıĻֺܹ֧ܾúܾãõĻðһǾ
ȻҲͷŽ磬ֻڵĽ缸ѾͰһǵĽභܼѾԷĽ缸أҲ˵˫Ρ
ҪԼֱֻа׶һԲȦǾҹδĽ硣ȻҹδĽǱܼΧҹδĽһڻ֮⣬ǰһǵĽ硣ҹδĽľͷǳС֮ԻͷŽ磬Աʱ֮裬һһͻȻı˷ʽڰһǵĹʧȥЧԷĽײԼĽضԷöԷĹһӽԼϡ


1180 ս
ľͷǳСˣҹδԲʱطʳҩ㣬ҹδлὫ˼˺ͶԷС
Էҹδ뿴ѾӦеļ¡νеļ£Ľ棬ʺʺϴĶײУ¶ɵһԪ
˶Լ׬˱ˣһǲִ꣬ԼĲԣϵعϵظҹδѹٶҹδġ
ֹ״̬УһҲȷʵȲ˵жٸЧǶŴȴŲƵĸЧ
һлϲܲϲָû̫ЧֻǶֽŴ򣬱ϲΪһ򵽸㣬ͻƽʱźܴĿͻơ
ʲôͻƣ
ͻƽǴԲͻƵƽһأҾƽһسڣе콾ܹͻƵƽһڣԲ콾ܹͻƵƽһغڡһȴſֱͻƵƽء
ʡ˶ʱ䣿
ʱҹδҲڰһǵĽŸ̾ǵһοֽǿ󣬻ʿʮּɵģֲþŴ߸ţȴаšаսģÿһаʿսʿ
ԼԼҪѵõĻᡣֻñضԷĹûķҪѹ£ԼУѹ£ܹ򵽸Ĵ
ЩѾ˺ܾãֻһֱԻ󲻽⡣ȻԷĽشǶԷĽ繥ȴشȻܽãȴܹ
˫뵽ֺĵĽ׶Ρ
һǿҹδ뿪ʼԵҩֳмԼĹ£ҩԲġԵҩҾͲ
ԣҲʼԵҩ
ĺ㣬£ԼѾˡҪ̾ʹݿһɱҹδ룬ֻҪҹδƿһӾͿԡ
ֻҪƿһӣͻἯȫ˳ӺҹδĽ磬ҲҪֻܶ࣬ҪҹδĽƿһӣҹδˡ
֪ҹδĽŴǻһǶȣŴֺγǿҹδĽʹ
綼ˣ޷ǿ˭ǿˡ
ʣԼǱҹδǿ󣬶ԼסҹδȫƾԼĵںԼôĴж٣
ҹδĹޣնɱҹδ֮ʱ
һĬĬؽȡشǿӲعϢ羪κһҹδҹδĶԿУֱž硣ĽУѾʼ˰׹Ǳҹδ롣ȴҹδͷŵ촷ۡ
Ҫ˰
ҹδ뿴Щ׹Ǳһ˿ȡ
ѡһ̺һͨӶԷĽгȥһǼ
᲻ԵΪڵѾĴƽıϣƽѾҪﵽٽ㡣ҶѾһֻ˴ɵľ硣
ʣô÷
䡭
İ׹Ǳǰͺ̣ЮŨŵϢѹԽԽ⡣
վǰһܹȡشҹδ벻ܣĵĶԼĴĴȷʵܺشȣܾҪǿ̫ࡣ
ο
Է⣬ҹδһֱԼ⡣
䡭
ش۵ĹУѾǳƿһӣ׹ǱЮŵϢǸӷӵ룬һӾ͹ᴩǸӡֱֻа׵Ľϡ
ҹδĽȴûб
һĿ˸Ȼһվҹδİ֮⡣ЩͷˣǱʶЩɵˡҪؽҹδɱԼıǿšȻԼΪǱȴѾƽ۷塣ȻˣͲҪķʽؽ֡
䡭
һһȭҹδ˹ȥ
һȭȭͷŽ磬̲⣬ڱĴ߶£ܡ
飡
ҹδһֻ֣ϰŽ磬Ѿȫ̫Ľ磬̫мһ˿һԪĽ磬һץס˶Էȭͷȭ֮䱬޴ܣ˵Ľ綼ʼ
顭
˵һֻץһһֻȴڲͣ໥ٶȼ죬Ѿ켣ֻܹģһƬȴ޷ʱڷֳʤγ˽ֵľ档


1181 
ʱңؿԷ΢飬˵ıȴûһ˿ı仯ҪӶԷıпߣȫܡּΪĲɱ̫ˡⲻԶͨǿٶٿ죬ҲΪԶԷһӦʱ䡣ôľ룬û˼ʱ䣬һжǱܡ
ҹδӦԵЩѣ˵ıҪȰһǿ̫࣬ΪԷĽа⣬ҹδĳܴ󡣶ҹδֲ뱩¶Լ⣬Լ⻹ҪʶѹƣҹδʽϱƺЩ·硣
ʵȴˡ
ײҹδڣ㱻ڵ⻯⡣ҹδȻܽͷųڰػԷ⻹ܹġƾԼĽǿıӲһǣðһǸоԼռϷ磬ȴʼòҹδ롣ֻϢʱ䣬ҹδϤ˽࣬ûб¶һ˿õЦݣ
⣿⣿
һҲһ־ᶨ֮ˣ֪ҹδѹ־Ϊ
ּܼΣ
ĲΪҹδֶܹãԼ⣬Լڲϵعҹδڣڵķ٣ȵԼע뵽ҹδڶͻҹδڱǸʱҹδҲֻ
ֳ
ûıûˣǸΡ
ڣ
֪Ϊֻ֪һֵҹδ룬»֪ԼѾ뵽ڣڱˣǸʱ򼴱֪Ҳˡ
ԣýΧĿռ䣬һǲҹδ֮һǷҹδܡȻҹδ಩
಩Ʊڣ˫òزɱ˫֫ڼײÿײһΣԼⶼ뵽ҹδһ˿ȴػۣһ̡
ҹδ벢ûнԼڵųȥֻԼסЩԼڵ⣬һһԼųȥͻᱻһǷ֣һԼԷ⣬ѵԷķʽ
Էʲô
⣡
νڣҹδżĸôþôųȥ
ͲöԷһЩŸΪ̵򣬼̶תһԪĿԺٶȶ
䡭
Ѹ͵ضײÿһζײԷⶼܹ뵽ҹδһ˿ҹδ뵥Ľ磬ѾֵסԷӵҹδҲɢȥԼϵĽ磬ͶԷײ
һҹδ뾹ȻƣͰһǴǰһȴǸӸˣΪû˽ıԼĽ뵽ҹδڵٶȸˡ
ȻҲҹδı˵ǿ󣬵ǰ
ʿı壬ֱӽ뵽ʿڣƻʿڻܵͬʱ˺ʿԪǡ
ԣһ鼫š
ʵϣȻƺǽ֣Χ۵˶óǰһռݾԵơ
ԱӦս⡣
أ
Ǻǡ
Χ۵ȻжΪǲǶҹδ뱾𾪡
𾪣
һɷ֮ʥˣǿı塣ֵܹ⣬ǶݵĵֵⱾҲԴﵽƽڡ
ʱҹδĿⶸȻΪһͻˣҹδĥʯ£ͻƵšŵĺǿˣע뵽ԼڵȻӴȻҹδ벻ԼΣգһҪԼľȥѹƣضӰԼս״̬
ʵϾڣѾ·硣
ԣ֪ԼȥˣټȥΣˡȻԼб嵽ǿɵ컯֮
һѹҹδ룬ҹδһ˳ȴȫѹ˰һǡ
䡭
һǾ͸оԼҹδ뽻ֵֻϵⶼɢˣֱӱˣͽ˫صֵײ֮ʱѾ˲١ˣоԼֹһ˿ơҵʹֱ۶ҵĲ
䡭
һ֪ԼɱȱɱľԼһֻȻȫı˳ҹδ֣һȥ
޷ȫıʵҹδҲ⣬ܹסһǵ֡ҹδв
һǶΪԼͻ⣬ţҲ˵Լĥʯˡ
Լأ
ΪûͻƣҲûͻơ
˵Լ˰һǸһȴûиԼԼױˡԣֲ£ҹδûʹ⣬ԼҲͻƵʲô


1182 ٽ
䡭
ָֻԭеľ档
һýҹδ룬شܹشҹδ롣˫һԶ빥
ҹδڱ֮ûӰε׷Էǲɴڱ״̬Уʵȴϸϸظ֪ԷԼڵ⣬ԷԼ̫֮С
ʲôҹδԸ
ۣһ˫˭ռƣƮʵ
΢΢üͷ˼ŵǰһǷ˽಩Ӧҹδռһưɣ
ڽ಩ַʽУҹδռơ
ǲԶһߣһƽʿЦ
ҹδռƣһǵҹδ롣ǰȴҹδ˿Ϊڷ˽಩ĹУһǵضȻҹδڡ
ƮͰ۶һۣжֳ֮ɫȻ˼ͬ
壬ǻܹ𣿡
ǴʿЦҹδʱ䣬δزڵ⣬ڻĹУ˵ܹ⡣Ǿðһǻҹδʱ𣿡
ʱǷƮͰΧܶʿԶʿҲǴʿҹδ룬ֳһ˿͵
ҹδı廹ǿ󣬶һǵԻһеô򡣡
Ʈϸҹδ룬Ȼ󿪿ڵҹδɫһֱ侲ѵʲô֣
ʿɶҹδ룬Ȼҹδɫǳ侲ЩȻͲһˣӦеı֡
ҹδıǿҹδܹڰһǵ¼ֵʱ乻á
˼ǣҹδҪ⣿
ʱҹδͻȻˡǷǽĽһγǽ磬еĳûʲôʽֻͨһһŰһǴȥŰһǳ˹ȥ
Χ۵ʿԻ󲻽⣬ҹδһӦ취ƿԷĽ磬ԷĽ磬˲ܹشԼǿԶԶϡڵҹδڸʲô
Űһǳ塣һڵλþĽģŰһǳ壬ǳ˰һǽ
ͲͻΧ
ܾ޴󣬵ʧȥ˽شֶܹã
Խǿ󣬼ֵʱԽ̡
ҹδǲҪˣ
ҹδɫȴͬһû˿仯һһŰһǴ̳ҲڷɿسһǡһҲҹδΪλˣԼռƣܹشԼֺαҹδƴ
ʮִ󳷣źҹδ֮ľ룬ֳŪҿֶܹã
ҹδĿרעΪڴﵽһٽ㣬ԼһԪٽ㣬ֻҪͻٽ㣬㽫һԪﵽž硣־£ֻһԼѹ
ѹѹͻơ
֮ǰǰ֮ǰԣҪͻٽ㣬ܡ
ԣʿĿУжʮֵһֻͨĽʽŰһǽŰһǳȥֻ˲䣬춼ǽ⣬ǽ⽫һǵĽѳһ϶ŰһѶȥȴֱܿһǵֺϡ
ǡ
׾ɫ΢䣬Ҫ⡭
ڵɫҲ΢䣬֪ҹδѾ⣬ǳ⡣ҲоҹδϿʼһ˿ϢǼϢϢԲǳ⡣
⡭Ȼܹһ⣿ô𣿡
ҹδѾͬϣһһһһ죬ÿһ̳оԼһԪһ˿ֻԼĽϣһЩÿһ˿ѹһ˿ѹÿһ˿ٶȾͿһ˿
һǴʱҲʶҹδʲôϱɫ֮ǰҹδ뻹û⣬Լһֱûҹδ룬ҹδҲ⣬˵Լ᲻ܣ޷ɱҹδˡ
У
Բҹδ
Ӧô죿
еתʱֻһ̳룬ϵؽⳡɱűչءԼĥʯûˡҹδҲͱ⡣ȻֻʱҹδֻҪҹδʱ䣬Ҳʱ䣬Ҳ꣬ҹδջΪڵҹδֻһš
ڶǳҹδ뻹û⣬Լȫնɱҹδ룬ԼˣҲҪնɱҹδ롣
ֻ˲䣬һǾ˾նɱҹδ롣һǲٺˣʹžſͷҹδӭȥһǰֻɱҹδһͷһжͷ֮ڡ


1183 
ҹδĿһ˿ϵƸӵһȥ޻ڡ
˫ڱȵľ˭ܹŪ˭֮ǰԼأһ˿ض
ˣ˷ˡرǰһǣŰȴӭҹδ룬ʱҪҲδлˡ
ʿĿɿڴס˺ȫû뵽Żǹĳ棬һӾͱ಩һ˲䡣
ʱ򣬱ǸƽʿҲ˭ʵҹδı̫һַԼƣҹδԹ
䡭
ͷϵײͷҪռһ˿Ϸ硣׾޹һбۿһڣ
ŵɷ֮ʥҪˡ
һЦ㶼˵ɷ֮ʥˣ㿴÷Ͳõҹδˣǵİһǰɡ
ҳڵҹδ룬Ȼڶɷͱնɱһǵġ֮ûնɱһǣֻѰһǵĥʯˡ
׾Цҳϰһǵֵҹδɷҹδͷŷʱ𣿡
֪ඣ
һоܲãоԷĽԽԽǿǽдһַҹδڵй
йǿҵĸоǴﵽ˼㣬ﵽҲ˵ʱҹδѾطҪɱ
ԼҲҪһ
Ҫǻ˱ˣ¾ͻӣһӣһǲѡˡһˣƾɥ»ҹδĽ¡һΪӣԼʵʮʮķӳҲֻһǱҹδնɱǣһ־ȫҹδӰ죬ˣģҲһַһֲɱҹδ벻ͷķ
˫ľڷɿؽӽڲϵײ
䡭
Ȼһ֮ǰΪĺԭռƵİһǣͷȻһ͡ɫһ䣬֪ҹδͻˡ

һ̣ҹδһԪ뵽ž磬Ӵ˿Բϵؽ̫תһԪ̫תһԪ
һ̾Ϣһ֪ԼʧȥնɱҹδĻᡣҹδû֮ǰնɱҹδĻᡣҹδͻ֮ˡǾûնɱҹδĻᣬʮãˡԼĿĶѾﵽˡͻƽˡûбҪҹδ붷ȥˡ
ٶȥնɱҹδĻᣬҲϣҹδҲնɱĻᡣղǲֵȥðֻʱԡԼȫԵȵԼͻƽ֮һնɱҹδ롣Ǹʱҹδ뻹磬Լƽ磬Ҫնɱࡣ
˾һǱʮֹϡκˣҹδҰУĿռ䵴ԭʻĿռ䣬·һӱţ·һӱһ硣һǾǷ磬ʧˡ
ʵҹδлնɱһǵġֻҪһ̣Լɵ⣬ͷųǣǽضܹնɱһǡ
ûУ
Ϊһʿ֪ʲôʱʲôԼӦʲôԼӦҪеķִ硣
ڵľΧŴʿۿЩʿ壬塣磬ƽ磬컯Щʿбضа׹ڵʿܻܿа׹ڵʱԼ⣬ͷųǣǽܹնɱһǣǱضᱻ׹ЩԳڵжԵʿرʿ
һֻԲʿȴܹ⣬Ҳûʲô㾹Ȼ˼ɾ磬Ҫ
ΪصǣĻֹһ⣬⡣
ζʲô
ζҹδ޵еĴڣƽ֮µһˡ

±ƽڵʿĶ֡ͻƵƽأ
ûʲôҹδ״̬ѾԲһ⣬ǱضͻƽġʿֻҪͻƽ磬ôܹսƽ۷ʿһͻƵƽڣ¾ƽĵһˣ˵컯һصʿܹһ¡
ʿ̫ˣЩͳڵжԵŻǧټƵҹδûͻƽ֮ǰŪҹδ룬ҹδţͻƽ֮ٳҲ컯ʿ͵Ϯҹδ룬ҹδŪοʿΧۣǲҹδɳġ
ɱ˰һǣԼˬˡȴҹδ벻ɵӣ֪׾ϵطնɱһǵĻᣬɰһˡһװһģ
һվҹδԣĿ⾯ɨܡͬʱһЩʿҲ׷ҹδΧҹδΧ롣ڴʱоеʵ
δ룬ô


1184 չ
û£ֻЩҹδлشʶȴڣװġ
Ҳʶװĺãװ
֣
忪ʼ뿪彮ʿûж֡Ҳĺ棬֪峹뿪ĽȻڵʿҹδֱԼšʱҹδҲװָһЩֻϥڼķϣĿ֮ܺС
һսõ̫࣬ԭγĿǷԼڷɵľ£֪ʶȥ֮չسͻʦľ硣ȻͻͨԼͻƽ硣ԭΪʱҪңȴû뵽һսֱԼﵽͻƽٽ㡣
ڹԼһԪͬʱһԪԼĸ򴥽ǣϣܹĸࡣ
սľҹδʮҪҹδɽһΨһһսʱﵽʱ䣬ϵս꣬ڴﵽһȫµ֪ﵽһȫµľ硣
ѾƿͨƽĴţֻԼ̧ȥֻûվſڣعŹŹԽűľԽ
ڡ
ҹδصţ̻صԼδ壬ĸ˶ڣֻҹδ벢ûдǣֻǵͷͽ뵽ԼĶչˡùĸһȻǶͻˣҹδ԰һ¡
˵ĲףǵʺǿҲܷΪԭ򣬵̫áԭΪⱲӶͻƽˡȴû뵽ҹδΪ˾Ŵ֮һڵĳϣǽ뵽ڣṩԴû뵽ײĻԵܹõϡ£ĸڶͻƽ硣
Ȼ֪ƽѾԼļޣ˳ڣǸײõ˲ٵĺϣⱲӶͻơ֪ƽѾǵļޣδÿҪľǣŬԼΪﵽƽԲ
˵ʵĿ꣬ǵĶ㡣
ǻ֪ԼƽȻ˵ƽ磬ҲߣȻƽʿеףҲﲻв㡣ΪѡĹһ㡣
ΪʲôеʿܹնɱƽʿΪ˼ĹƷԼѡĹƷԼѡƷԼԣ¶ûͻƽĻˡ
ͱҹδ룬Ȼĸ֪ҹδ뾿ʲôҹδսĹضƷ⻹ǲ֪ҹδĹǼƷ֪ᾪȵʲô̶ȣᵣҹδܲͻƽ硣
һҹδ붼֪ҹδص˶ֱӱˡǲͻƾͲص֣ԭ֮ǰҪ֪ʶǺͰһһսֱӾͰͻƽٽ㡣
еҹδֱӷʳ˺ϣ˲ٱһ̣صĶ۶ƽ˲俪Ȼ̧һֻţƽĴš
䡭
ѹ٣ҹδһڣһ⣬ȴ򲻽ڶֻšôͣ
ҹδ벢ţ֪Լƽ򻹲ȴվˡվ⣬ڵ磬վĲ룬ֻ̤ţܹƽ
һ򣬾ΪһֻţԼİѾ뵽ƽ磬ܹظ֪ƽĴվ⣬Լ룬Լܡ
֪ƽĴѹϣŲظĸожƽĻȻʡǰվ⣬Ի󲻽ĵطһһ⿪
ƽϵѹʼ𽥼СʱֶԿعȥ
һ죬죬졭
һ££¡
ӹ̣ͮҰ͹ĸû뿪ǾϥҹδĶ⣬Ϊҹδ뻤ʱһȥǷֻڶߵĵϱüΪŨĸ㲻ؽ뵽˶֮С
ʱڶڹעδ塣رЩ߲㣬ΣҲŵġԭҹδͻƽû˿ĵġҹδʺ츳ǿͻƽǱȻģֻʱ⣬Ҳǧ֮󣬻ǧꡣͻƽǱضġ
ǣ˭֪ҹδͻô硣ǵˡҹδͻʧܣҪõڶͻƣҪʱͻӳҳɹҲή͡һӣôˣǷˣǳڵʧ
ΪײʱڣڳڿɲֻгڵӣɽʿЩʿҲڹעδ壬עҹδ롣ͬʱҲ֪ҹδ֮ԻͱչͻƣΪͰ׹ڵİһǼ˰ꡣҰһҲڰ׹ڱչسƽ硣


1185 ͻ
Ҳڲ²⣬²ĲǰһǺҹδ˭ͻƽ硣ǿһͻƽǱضġеʿ֪һͿͻƽ磬Ѱͻơԣһûɲɹǲ²ҹδܷͻƽ硣
պ
Ӱ׹ڴϢһͻƽˡһͻƣΪһƽصʿͻơ
ˣ˵ĿͶڳڣδ壬Ҳûʼչעȥռȥռ䣬ΪǶ֪һܹ֮ڰͻƽ磬Ϊһǵĵ㹻Ϳͻƽˣ˼Լѹͻ˼ǧꡣԣ˼ͻƵٶȿ졣
ǣһ˾Ͳ˵ˡչ꣬ʮ꣬궼Ƿǳ顣ԣǲһֱעҹδ룬ֻԼϾʱ򣬴һҹδûͻơ
һͻ֮ҲҹδչͻƵϢֻ΢ЦҡҡͷȫȻûеһ¶ҹδΪһƽʿǱȻģھͱչͻƣЩˡҲãʧˣͻҹδͻƵѶȣƳͻƵʱ䡣ƵҹδͻƵƽʱԼҲƽˡǸʱһὫҹδɵ
ҹδѵ㣬ͨҲԼѹΪԼߵķֺ̫롣
ԭ̫·ӣѾֺˣԼҪһԪڲϵƽףԼҪߵһԪǴıԴ
ʲôǱԴ
һдԴͷһдǴԴͷֻġԴͷǰһеĴҹδȴҪѰԴͷǾҪܣɱԴҪɶٴ
ӿĴֱ纣һ㣬ҹδ붥żѹϵЩЩѰͬԴС
ĺѣҹδкϣԼԵؽѶȣضҪĸʱ䡣
ԣȥһʱ䣬ҹδûдӶڳڵЩˡҹδκͻƣϾ̲㣬ӦڰҾʧܳˡһ궼ȥˣҹδûг˰ɣ
ҹδĲọ̇̄ʱûаһǳǵȴȰһҪֻ̫࣬Ϊķԭٳٲͻơ
⡣
ӹ̣Ұͮ͹ϥ
ţ
ĸ۾ڷǸоһֱǵĵϱĲͬˡȥԼڶǰҲûб仯
ԣ
ĸ˶һۣȻվĸڶƽ磬֪ƽƽϢͷų磬粻Ľ磬ƽĽ磬ȥ˽Ľޣ޷ֽ磬ݽС
ҹδͻ
ͻˣ
ͻƵһ̣Ľ˳ӶӳΧǶȥӹĸѾԭأҹδĽСҹδľ磬˵Էӹ˵ľǸ֪ġȻҲƽ磬ʲôƽ磬ҹδʲôƽ磿
̫ˣ
ҲΪҹδոͻƣͻǰ˴ĵϣڶҲ˳ư˷ӹĸˡǵҹδĽ縲ǹ˳ƾͽЩҲˡһ£ӹĸ˾˸֪һһʱ䣬ǻǸ֪
ʦ֣ͻƽ˰ɣ
Ҿǡ
ô˵ڷĽˣ
߲֪ˣ
Ҳǣŷ·ȥܿǾ˷£ԼҲ֪Լھû߳ҹδͷŵĽ磬˵ҹδûͻƣûͷų硣
Ի
Ի䣬ڵӰǵԱߡȻΪҹδܹھͻƽ磬һпվδ忴һۣȻַӹĸ˲ڶˣܵɽ£ɹʵ
ˣ
ݼӹĸ˼æʩǻɷѾͻƽˡǸղŸоеһ
۾һʶ˳ȥ컯ľ磬ҹδӳһһոͻƣͻƵʿܹ֪ġ
ʶ˳ɽӣֻǸո˰ɽ͸֪ҹδĽ磬ҹδĽɽӡſҪЦȴȻϣϵļۿɼ
֪˽磬ԼķЦŵҹδ룬ʱر͡СؽԼʶ̽뵽ҹδĽСʱҹδĽ绹ȥͻ֮Уûʶ磬ʶ׵ӽ뵽ҹδĽУȻɫһ䡣
̫ˣ

ֱһģһһģһҲ˵ʱҹδĽУͷֲǽ磬Ϊδ塣


1186 ɽ
ⲻʲô˶ܹģҪĴ
ȷ˵һѩˣĽҲϢӳĽеľǱѩڱԭҪ˵ĽǳѡڱԭǾ̫֪Լ뵽ԷĽˡΪΧĻǱѩǸķֻܹͷųֱѩĽ硣
ٱĴˮĴȵȡ
Ҫͷųҹδֽ磬ͱҲеĴеĴҪںϽľˮУжѾͿ֪ˣҪж٣Ϳ֪ˡִǳ߼ֱԴһִַʿٺ٣ƽΣַʿ١ΪҪѵʱ;ǳࡣ
츳Բϼѣʱ򣬾Ϳʼз򣬺ܻܿͻ磬ѾԪľͨѾͻ컯ʿΪԴʼشԼĴ
ڣͻ컯֮ͿʼдѾȡ׿ԽĳɹҲΪдڵ֪ҹδĽƺȫдƺҪдΪ㲩һЩ
ѵ̫
ⲻ𾪡
ոͻƽ磬չֳ̫Ľ磬˵ʲô
˵ҹδʱͿʼ̫

ҹδ֮ߵľ̫·ӣôܣ
ҹδֻǧܹ꣬ͻƽѾǾ콾ˣȻĴ̫ôߵƽһģ
츳Եжߣ
ֲܹ⣬ֲսôǿ⣬ǰһҲû˿취
ڹϵջʶĴЦѷӹ˶ŵˡӹ̵ҹδ룬׳ŵڰ

İɣǵķѾͻƽˣһһǿƽ硣ںˣ

ˣ
ҹδĶռһɽΧһƬտûʿĶڴŷӹĸ˳ȥԶӹ̲סٴʵ
Ƿͻ𣿡
ͻˣһһǿƽ硣ڵƲס˷ܡӴ󣬳ֶһǿƽ磬δֶܿһǿ컯
ǡΪʲôûгأ
ЦΪǷͻơ
ͻƣ
ӹɫϲǿ˵ˣ׹ڵİһǾͻƣصʱѾƽءԼķҲͻƣ˵ȷأҲƽأûбһ°˿
̫ˣӹĸ˷ܵԾ
ӹִյڵǰǷڲΣ˰ɣ
ᣬǲͻơҪĵˡ
ǡ˵ܹɹͻ𣿡
֪
ҡͷɫҲء
֮
֮еҹδſ˫ۣͻƵһɲǣڶУƾͿʼۣҹδ֪ԼӶ˳Ŷɽ֮ȥ
ˣӹĸ˼
ȴѾ𣬺ҹδ뱣ž룬Ŷɽ֮ȥʱеĽҲҹδƶȻڳڵʿǳڵʿͨռʿʱһŶɽ֮ȥȻϳҹδ롣
ҹδ룡
ҹδҲҪͻƽˡ
ǺͰһһ콾
ͰһǱվǲ˵һѾͻƴˣҹδͻơҰһͻƵƽءҹδֻͻƽһء
˵Ҳǣҹδվʱ̫̣һһұ֮ˣһȲȰ
ô˵ҹδǧƽ磬һǲϳԽһ˭ȷҹδδͲܳԽһǣ
˵ˣ˭ȷڵҹδ벻ͻƣҲƽأ
ǿЦ˵δҹδ볬ԽһǣҲԡܡͻǳˡͻô׵
ףһǻԲԼѹһǧ겻ͻƣ
ҹδꣿ
ͻƣʧķ˰ɣ
ðɣҹδ벻ͻơûʱ򣬾ܹİһǴƽ֣ʱ򣬰һǾˡ˵ҹδƽһأһƽأһҲҹδĶ֡
ˣ쿴
ʱѾ˳ڶɽ֮ص棬Ŷɽ֮ȥҹδվ˶ɽ֮ص룬̧ͷϵĽơϵĽڻۣҹδ΢΢üͷ֪ԼҪȱ˵ܴôһ·߹ġ룬ԼڵıѾ컯ԼֻǶһƽ٣Ӧû¶ɣ


1187 Բ
֪Ƕʿһ飬ҲǶʿһܹס٣õٵὫıԪõǼܹȫƾԼס٣øɱ߷ȰԼɽ١ҹδҪԣȫɱĿȥɱ
ʶڻʮɽԹʽɱҲܹȻϣԼܹƾ豾ɹ١
ڵҲ۶վһ𣬿ٻ۵ԽԽǿɫҲɷ˱仯ʵٵܣеκһƽٵܶǿҹδɹ٣Ϊһǿƽʿƽһأ¶ܹսʤƽأƽأ˵ܹսƽˡ
ˣ
ҹδûͻˣҲҪֻҪҹδɽٵʱǾܹó
ǣҹδûжɹ٣ǡ
ڵȳڳϵֳ˽֮ɫгϿ˿еĽƣʵ
ô
ô֪ڵЩ꣬ΪʱҲѾʮֽӽͻ컯ˡһٻڻۣʣٵܱض컯ˡһͻƵƽʿεֵ
õģδԼһʦضԼ׼˴ķɱɹٲ⡣
԰
ɫһϲǡ
Ŷɽ֮ҹδ룬Ϊʲôҹδ벻ɱأ
ǡҪ٣
ʱѾȷˣҹδҪ٣ΪҹδûмɱǴҹδ̬ܹ
١ĵӻǴ󰡣
ڽʱĳҲҹδ˼ҲɶΧ۵жȻҹδЩ֮˵ûʲôϵܹһٵˣִд֮󣬱š
еĽԽԽŨɽ֮ͬҹһ㡣ʱش̵ǽܶͬܶ
ںһһִдͬ޴ٲһ㣬ҹδͷϣȻҹδûˡͬʱеĽڿʼ۵ڶ١

һֻҪеĽƻڻۣ˵ҹδûֻΪ׽ûԵʣҹδڵ״вɵǡ
䡭
һٽһٽ䣬ҹδһֱû֮УʵϴʱҹδѾڵˣĽ±ٺһӣѾվӵĵײϵ·ѾΪ˻ҽȴϲáȻıﵽ컯֮ƽ˺ҴϲıڵԪڷɿ
䡭
һٽеĽƿʼɢȥеҹδٴĸıԪڷɿر̶õ
һ˿ٶ֮һȡ·ϣһĬԼ塣ڵԪﵽ컯ɣζɽ٣ֱһɡг˻ϲ
ߵܻϲɽ֮Ҳʮֻϲϲ֮һҹδɹɽˣӴ󣬳ڶһʵǿƽʿϲ֮ҹδɽٵĹУȻҹδӰȴܹ֪ҹδΪֿٱ¶Ϣ
ƽأ
û뵽ҹδͻƵƽءŬһѣͲ뵽ƽˡҹδڴˣԭΪҹδɻͻƵ컯Ϊа˳ɻᡣ
ҹδڳңңڵȳʩһȻնȥصԼĶûҹδ룬Ϊÿһɽ֮ʿˡڶɽٵĹУضҪʱȥźܴļʣͨ򣬱ܹŸոնɽٵͷԼΪٶ
е˾ܹӸոͻƵƽһسڣƽһԲҹδпܴƽسƽԲ
Χ۵ʿɢȥɵĺ䶯ȴԸΪ䶯ٶȴ˳ȥɽ򴫲
ҹδ뾹Ȼͷβ١
ҹδ뾹ȻҲͻƣȰһǻȻֱͻƵƽأһǡ

ҹδ֮󣬹ȻΪƽԲû̳أǼչأ֪ʶͻ֮󣬶ϣŻûʧЧĺϣ֪ʶɿ졣


1188 ڴ
ӹĸȥռ䣬δٴμžҲڼδˡҹδ붼ͻƽˣҪȥռ䣬ҲҹδʵռֻҪ컯ʿӦûΣա
ȥҹδˡȻֱΪһ£ǲڡԸһ񱮵ɽ֣ȻͶ˱֡Ŀ֮ڱʿ࣬ڴʿȥռ䡣ҹδҲûдǣϥ£ȡ
ܿ죬ʿһװĶ񱮡ҹδӻ֣Ǹʿȥȡ񱮣ʼʦĴС
յʱ⣬Ǿҹδߡҹδƫͷһۣһ񱮴Уһ
ʦˡ
˷ܵʦ񱮣
ţ
Ǵʦˣ
ţ
ǼشֵǲҪ²Ŵ󣿡
ҹδͷ뷨
ǡҸ֣
ã
׼һʲôҪʲôϣҺ˵ȥ
ŶˣûעڵŴʲô󷨣
ǺڵĻڴûпֻһԤһǺǳھͻһƬǺ
ǰͼоһ¡
ҪǺ󣿡
ţҹδͷܹʡԴԭĲþáоһ£ʦͿԡȰѱִиꡣ
ã
ǾҹδԱ߿ҹδһ񱮣һӹһ˼ͻȻڵ
δ롣
ţ
ͻ֮ʥ𣿡
Ӧܰɣ
ǡͻƵɷ֮ʥ²軤ڴ󡣡
ǿеĵˡҹδһʯһߵֻ˵Ӧܹ֮ʥľ磬ʱ䳤̾Ͳ˵ˡȻŲ²ҲҪ衣
۾һῪʼ֮ʥľ磿
ᣬЩѡҪȥ򵽴ʦ֮ҲͻƽŸ
һȥɡ
У
뿪ˣӣǺھˡһʵ
δ룬²軤ڴ󣿡
ҹδһһ߻ص²裬벻롣룬ҾͳŲ룬Ҿ͸ɱġǧ˵롣Һ˵ҲŴҪҹ׵ġҰ׳ǿһ
ٺ١ڸЦôô룿𣿡
ҹδֱӸۡ
ٺ١ָЦ裬벼衣ڵĻڴȷʵˣսʱ˭Ҳҿ϶ɽ᲻ṥšңδܲܽǺò⣬ܹڣ
ҹδһ£ȻһԳЩģ
ţɫأϾֻһɱһ幥򵽳ҲɱģɱײѹڸײܹɱǺܹڣǳھͰȫࡣ
ҹδһµȷȿǺͼʵڲеĻҾΧųٲһ󡣡
Ҳãڽͼݸҹδ룬ҹδִСһԿøˣģ
ɷ֮ʥķУʦĴУŵʵøˡˣδ룬˵Ҫ
ţҾʽĵȼЩˣһƷɱ
üЦŵ˴ʦУŵʵ͸ˡǧʱ䣬˵ǳھܹΪɽһšδ룬¶Ŀ츳ʲôʱҲŪб֣
ҹδ벻ɿЦռûЧûаյľҡͷ
ҵǿо츳ĲУҪķѴʱ䡣ɡŴѵʱ䡣
ԶԶԣڲǧ꣬ѾƽˡԪҴͨĺЧľͻкܴĸ
ҹδַһۣôȥ򣿡
ҵ򣬵ûǸ츳Һ˵Ļ˴ѵʱȥˡԴҵΪﵽ컯Բ֮Ҳûзˡо󣬿ͨǷа治ǿϡҽ˴ʦ磬Ҳ޷ʦ硣
컯֮Ĳ𣿡ҹδʵ
ڱ̾Ϣһ֪ݹʷûһ˿ӵ־硣


1189 Ǻ
ǡЩ컯ʿأ
£ʼ磺ֻԪƾЩȴûдﵽͬٵĵزվǻġ
ҹδĬһ£ȻҡҡͷһкԶľ룬Щˡ
ڱЦԭͲӦ룬ľͻƵƽԲ˵Ҳԣֻǧ꣬ͻƽ磬ԪһꡣҲͻƣԶⷴͻŸһıչأôͻơ
컯ʿԪã
ǧꡣЦܶɣ
ѵ𣿡ҹδоĺܶˣǧ갡ѵŲԼͻ컯ǧԪͺˡʱ˾¡ǸʱѾû׷󣬻Ҳܡ
ô˵أڳĬһǺܶ࣬ŵúܿ죬˵ɣԪҲֻʣ²ˡ
ҹδҲĬһ£˿࣬㲻֪˵Ѵҹδڲ컯Ҳ֪û׷֮󣬾ʲô飬Ĳ֪˵ʲô
̾Ϣһδ룬ͻƵ컯Բ֮һҪ컯֮ϣ֮Ⱥӣҳһ·ȴʧȥģʣµֻΡ㲻֪ʧȥĺǼʮôġ
أ
ĬȻƬ̵Ҳҵ˼аɣھŰŴǿǸ̶ȡԣðҡ
ô㣿
Ȱѵĸ涼Ūʥ
ҹδ뱻ڸˣ㻹Ǹøȥȥɡ
аɣڵνҿ㣬㽫ضͻ컯㵽컯µʱ򣬲˵ҲҸ¶ɣǸʱȥЩˡ
Уڱҡ
У㲼Ŵʱ򣬵ǰҡĹУǸʱžûд󻤳ˡҵټʿš
֪
ˣĿĴûﵽ֪Լ뷨ҹδˡҹδΣԼҲǿȲáģҹδ뻹ŰԪ
ǧԺԲơ
ôԪͲҹδֻ֪ɵģ
һɵģǾԼ뷨˵ͻȥ
뿪ˡû뿪ҿʼҹδõıִСԭһʦʱ˴УȻͲסοҹδڸǰԼԻֱ֮ѯҹδ롣
ʣҹδͽ𣬶ҽĹУҲִС磬˵һĶˡһĶʮö⡣
¹ȥҹδ뽫ʦĴбϣҲƶطڱȡǺͼʼоȻоĹУǹʱҲϸ
ֹȥһµʱ䣬ҹδѾǺоˣҪľǽǺͼΪʦļ
˵ӦǼΪģҹδʦǸһͼرǽʦɴʦһΪºḶ́ʱ䶼ٵġǣҹδռ䡣һµʱ䣬оͼĹУռͽͼˣʱڸͼһϣǺͻΪһʦ
һǶ֡
ȻҹδȥѼˣҹδҲûţǿʼоʦͼ֮ǰһµʱѾͼоˣǺⲿĴзнȴûڲ֮ǰҪǺڲĹܡֻһֲܹԳͿˡҹδ벻ô롣
ѣһˣǾ͸ȫһЩҪǺɿɶڣɶ⡣ڿ⽫ָһһڴڲսңô󽫵˷ָͬʱܼ߱еһ֮Сһ£деܹһʦĴ󣬿ƽԲҲ޷ֵ컯ڶܹв
ҲһḶ́Ȼֻʦ𣬶Ǵʦҹδһ߹ۿͼһһͼʱֽԼյͼĨȥ¹աڼ仹Ҫżǵ⡣
һʱܿȥѾһûҹδˣʦĴѾһ죬Ѿȫ֮СռѾϡһĶʦռڡǣҹδ벢û̽뵽ռڣоʦͼʦǺ


1190 
ҴȥҹδڽʦͼϡʦĴ߱ͽԿɡҹδ֪Լ϶ǲҪռ䡣ʼͼռ䡣Ȼռ俪ʼˡǿʼоʦǺ
ǷۿĲ裬ȻռڷĲ衣ڷĹۿͲ赱вϵԼˮƽ
ռ䣬ҲһĹ̡ÿκľʶռڳǿգָΪ

ռҹδ빹ͼˡҹδ뿴һ£Щźͼ֮ˡֻͣʦ磬ֻʦĶʵǵҹδ빹ͼʱŲٲʺϵĵطռûнʦ硣
ڵİ취ҹδͼʦ磬Ȼռܹɴʦ󡣵ҹδ룬ʱˡ׼Ƚռʦо͸ˣǸʱԼٻͷͼࡣ
ڵҹδ˵һʦҲȷʵǣȴǶġռĶʦͼо͸ˣƾʦҲͲԶˡ
ʱּžйȥ
ײѾȥ꣬ɽķǳܣȻɽ幥úͣȴûйķԣ彮ڣһƬ͡
ռɱԽԽңΪɵϱѹεԽԽ٣һضҵɱ
ʵԽԽ٣ѾʼŴʦƽ
ҹδͼоѾ˴룬ԽԽ
һա
ڴһˣҹδڲݵϣǿգɫЩ԰סĵ
δ룬Ҫ̫ۣǲ
ҹδɿǿյ
һҹδ룺˭ˡ
ҹδƶĿ⿴ȥȻɫһȻһ˹ȥסһ׳
磬ˡ
Ǹ׳ž䣬žɫҲʮּҹδĺ󱳣۾ʪ
ţҷˣû뵽СɽѾټ
ǺǺǡҹδɵЦš
ֳϲ֮ɫžǰڵɳǵÿڡ˵ԼҹδĴ磬ڵʿ˳ڡлЩɣΪ˲һϣ˻áûڳڣҹδ͸뿪ˡ
δ룡
ţҹδžĻ̧ͷڡ
ȱŪˣϢ죬תת
ߣ磬ȥɽ塣
ãž仹Ǻܳȵģɿҹδ룬ʩ񣺡л
ҹδžԼɽȥ
δϡ
磬㿴ҵɽ󲻴󣿡
ţܴ󣡡
ҹδռһôɽ岢֣·;УǸĳʿѾҹδɽľ˵һ顣һ֪ҹδڵɽĸˣӹ̣ͮҰ͹˹⣬ҲǴӾŹǷġǹҲǾŹǵĺᡣ
磬ɽϳңֻĸʿ
ţ֪
Ѿ˵ˡ
Ȼӵɳڣµʱ䣬֪ľ֪ˡžֳº͵Цݣ
δ룬ĺܺá
ǰɣٺٺ١磬Ժδ¡
ǵȻδ壬ѵһţǧꣿҿǼͻ磬Ȼ׷㡣Ϊ磬Ϊһֱ棬Һܲ⡣

磬ģδ壬㡣û˸㡣
ԶԶԣˡ
УԴǿɲȱҪʲôԴҶṩˣŵǼ𣿡
ûУ
ߣҴȥǼǡ
ҹδַشžȥǼǣžҹδĴ磬һ·˳һ֮ҹδֶǸӴĳϵ
³ϣҪһϡ
УҪһ٣³Це
ȸһϡ
Це³һӾͽӲˣС
žҹδ뽫ڹ̨ϣеŻ֡
³ϿЦδ룬ⲻǻֵ飬ܹжٺϣ㶼һˣô죿
˵ܹһ٣ƭҰһȥġ
ƭ㣬ĸƭ㡣ֻܹһһ
ô٣
ˣһԴάʱ䣬һܹά꣬ҪΣ
аɣҲҪһϣĺɵϣ޶ȵĶһЩɵϲֻһһɣ


1191 
ǲܣԷϿԶһϿԶһԴơ
ҹδ뽫һƣǶһɡٸҶһһƷɾ
ã
³æһ٣Ȼڷڹ̨߸̳ӣӡţװĶǺϡַһָװɾ
磬
žҲûƴǣȻҹδ뿪˴δȥ
δ롣
ţ
Щ϶ң
š
أζһˣپͶһˡ
û£кܶ࣬ռġ
㻹ȥռˣҵ˵ǲȥ𣿡
͵͵ȥġҹδ̽ͷ̽ԣȻҺ˵һ͵͵Ǳ뵽ˡ
ʲô
ꡭҺ˵˼ˡ
ֱصδ壬ҹδ뻹ڰžһһΡԼС̫ˣҲ̫ˡСûй
磬һԼɽҸԼϲĵطŪˣҹδ뿪ʼ˵¡
ãžͷ
Ƹҡ
ž佫ȡݸҹδ롣ҹδתһŻֹȥȻݸž䣺
ٺҪ
ãžûƴǡ
ˣĸأ
е鷳
ôˣҹδĿõ
ʱħʱģӰδ룬˵𣿡
ҹδ˱ž뵽СҹδıȻ֮ǰڵıȫӣֱʥеʥء
δ룬⡭
ˣһĲķ͸һˡٸÿһһȻԼԸڷֵʲôֵʲô
У
žѾˣҹδôУҲõİããûʲô˵ġһϣҹδ
磬ʲôҪ˵ģ
ţžͷĵ㲻õģѾ˹Ӧܹħͬޣġҡܹ֮ˣ㻹ǵҸ𣿡
ǵá
ͲִΪʲôܹ𣿡
Ǵܡ
ţǴܡһֱûкͱ˵õһͼռ䡣ͼռԸ
ҹδ¶˾֮ɫû뵽Լõһռ䣬Ҳõһͼռ䡣
磬Ҳõһռ䡣ռ䲻ܸȴܹ󷨣Ҳܹһġ
žҲ¶˾֮ɫȻ˷Ц
Ц価žδ룬źͼռ䣬ṩԴò˶ҾͻͻġˣʲôҿҸһ¡
ã
ҹδȡһԼ¼ĹÿԼ򣬶һ飬γһµĸžӹ򣬿ʼĶĶ֮󣬽򽻸ҹδ룬Ц
δ룬ƷܸߵġƺͼռҪҪʱ䡣
ҹδҡͷеʱ䡣
ǵǡĹĹֻƷ̫ˡ
ǵȻҹδЦˣҸǸʱҲ˵ʺ㣬Ҳ
ŶžһĶͷҲûкҹδǵȺͼռҲ
磬ڵıʹõ𣿡
ţ
ǵҸһҪһʱ䣬ҵȰѾʦˣȳȥҸһȸˡ
ã
˴ӱгҹδȸĲڣÿһһȻ󽫷ž䡣žͿʼڶҹδǳ˶δѡһطּһĲҲڷڵÿһ㰲һǷͺ¡¡δİɽ
⽫ԺδĶ츣أδʿ￪ҩ԰
֮ž˷ȻδԼһʼչҹδȥʼ͸ҹδԣ˵ˣǵ͸ҹδԣ˵ھͿͻʦˡȻҲ
ӣĶȻȥʦٻĶȻȥɱϵƣռ仹ܹһЩæġǰæĳ̶ԶƷͲԣ棬ҹδĽҪ˺ܶࡣ
ҹδ벻ҲҶƾõԪ
ҹδҲһֱÿĴʱҲǿһΰȥžҹδ뷢ѶϢҹδҴ뿪صδ壬Щʧ䡣ҹδصδ壬žݸһ
ǹȥչˡ
ã


1192 ʦ
žȥչˣҹδڶУʼĶžĹԽԽϲԭҹδĹ컯׶ΣͲǼƷˣѾǼƷˣҹδԼĶڱչ˰꣬͸뿪˶ٴȥü֮価ϲãΪõ˺ܶϣоԼһֻѾƽڡԼܹͻƵʦ磬֮ͨ£ԼܿͻƵƽڡ
˵ҹδֻˣ˸߲ҵ˹ҹδĶ棬ҹδһĶҲҹδ⣬ֻĬĬȻԼĵط¼ҹδͻƴʦ֮Ҳǰҹδ
ʱҴҹȥʮ꣬ҹδ뿪ΪžͻˡҶˣŸҹδ롣ҹδҴδ壬ž䣬ӹ̣Ұͮ͹ͤĵȡӹĸ˴ռ֮󣬷ֶһûȥţǳȥȻ֪δһʿʿҲǴӾŹǷģؼǣ˽ž䣬ҹδĴ硣
ԣĸҲû뿪δ壬һһΪž令žͻأ˺ܿʮȡ
磬ͻˣҹδͤ棬ӹĸ˼æվ
ҹδڰ֣ʯϣҲ׷ž˷ܵδ룬ͻˡ
̫ˣʲô㣿
ž俴˷ӹĸ˵Ѿͼλʦˣȥռĥһ
ҹδ벻ʿҪĥΣգ֮˲Σôԣ
磬ڻûиƳɱûȥһһոŰɡȻֿӹ̵˵ͻƵʦҲǸһ
ӹĸɫϲл
ҹδɽϴ죬˽һȻȥռ䣬ҹδٴλصʼ֮
˴Ҵֹȥ˰ꡣ
ڣ˫Ŀҹδ룬ɫΪֻһˣһƷɱܹƳˡ
ˡ
һҫϼ⣬Ȼ󽥽ҹδץǱʶһɨ¶˲õЦݣǰһݣ

ӹ˳ϸ飬Ƿ̶ӣ˷ܵؿҹδ
δ룬Ʒɱĳʦˡ
ҹδ볤³һڿԸԼһƷɱˡ
ȴüߵ̫·ӡҪһʺƷɱŵĲرкûкʵġ
СֻҪһЩġ
ûˣߣھȥϣԹ
ãɽ͸ˡ
ã
ҹδݣŻ֣Ųرȫû⣬ˣزرĳϣҹδ뵽ر⣬ҹδһĲϣˣ
δ밡ֻһƷɱòЩɣ
˭˵ֻһƷɱˣҪǸɽĵӵġʸر⹺ϰɣ
Уصĳеʹ
ûٸŻְɣ
ûصĳΡ
ҹδ벻ٴֲѡϣŻֻ֣صڡʼ
ȸƣȻǷӹ̣Ұͮÿһҹδ˵Ḷ́ԽԽ㲩ҴͨشҲڲ֪
ҴҰȥҹδѾƳıƷɱʼžһžҹδһҹδȡһʯΪġһһֱۿȻ۾
ǡʯ
ԣ
ĶŪģ
ҹδ룺ǲˣȥ֮󣬾ͳˡ
ûʣҹδ롣ΪǸطһطҹδ뾫ͨ󷨣ܹԼǳ
ҹδ뿪ʼһԹۿʱ⣬ҹδһν¹ȥҹδƳһƷɱ
ҹδ뿴еĳϲüңŴ翴ϲģиϲáȻϥһ˸£Ʒɱڵˮƽﵽ˴ʦԲ磬Ҫһ飬Լɱ
ٴҹδ룬ҲһԣĬĬ˸˵ãоԼʦҲܽˡ
ڼžһž͹ȥꡣĳһ죬ĳһ̣ҹδ˫ۣĬĬؿʼȡʯ͸ָģҲۣĬĬվһԹۿšڿ˵Ѿﵽͻƴʦٽ㣬֪ҹδƵһƷɱһҪҹδ֪ʲôʱأʮϡ


1193 ƽ
ҹδ뿪ʼƵķǳһƣһٴܺʱ򻹻ش⡣һ¹ȥ۹ⶼܹƷɱѾ֮ģͲ֮һҪҲܹɽҪ֮ǰƷɱ㣬ۿžҪһ۷ƷɱҲƵʾͼӿˣɫҲķ졣
ǡ
ҹδͻȻͣ
δ
󼱣ôһͣۿҪɹƷɱҪˡβ
ǣո³һ֣ͿҹδڶŶϢֳ̱ͣݡ
򰡣
Ͷˣ
츳
ˣ֪ζҹδĶ򣬻ǴͨΪϵĶ
ϵĶǾˣζ֮ҹδ᲻Ϊ֮ʥ
Ϊ֮ʥѹ
ŶΪϵĶǡҹδܻܿΪζͻƵƽأȻֻһأȴǲƽڡ
ͻ˶ã
ƽˣ˵ȥᾪɽʿӡǧƽڰǧƽڣɽ粻ȱǧƽڣɽûһ
һӳڲ뵽ڣôƽͻƵƽؾûôѡҹδ츳ԣǲҲǧڣƽأǸʱҹδҲǧꡣ
ˣڶһĶ
ʱ䶼ǳֻ̣һ̶ӵʱ䣬ҹδĶͽˣȴҹδɢͻƵϢ
оϲȻΪϵĶ򣬿ҹδҪͻƽˡ
У
ҵ֪ͨ
ȻشڳȥŹϣȻڷȥϢӵʱ䣬ھǰָ촽ǰڱͣȻʶ
ôˣ
δڶ򡣡
ɫһ򣬻Ϊ򣿡
Ϊ򣡡
ɫžȣȻΪϲôͻ𣿡
ҸоӦû⡭ͻˣ
̧ͷȥۿɼԪ߻ۣܹ֪Ũĵϡ
ͻˣ
ǰͻƶãһͻˡ
ǧƽڣǰ޹ˡ
Դδڣɷ֮ʥĴб֣ʦб֣ŵͻƵƽ硣δսͻƽ֮󣬱벽컯顣
Ҿü컯һض顣
뿴ͻ컯һ졣
ǿ϶ܹҹƲᳬꡣ
컯ʿϲãһţһ߸ҹδ뻤Զһʿں㽵ҿۣ
˭ͻˣ
϶ҹδ밡Щͺҹδһֱһ𡣡
ҹδ룿̫ˡ
֮
ҹδ˫ۣһ̨ϵǱɱ̾ϢһˣɱˡȻֳЦݡ
Լͻƽڣƽء
ǰһڻƽذɣ
ԼҪҪ͵͵ȥǱڰ׹ǱߣһŪһǣ
ˣ
˵ɣûбҪ⡣
ţ
ʦأ
֨
ʯű򿪣ҹδ̧ȥں׺˽

ڸ֪һҹδϢʱҹδոͻƣȫϢ֪ҹδϢ¶Цݣ
ããǳãȻָпû뵽ͻƵ˿죬źϣԭΪҲҪңܹͻƽڡڣӦϣͻƵƽˡ
ҹδͷ֪ΪһεײԼ˺ϣܹ˿ػͻơÿһεײɽʿ屬ǧꡣһǧ꣬ʿҲʿͻơ
ȻԼͻƻǿ˵ΪԼͨǱ˾Ͳᴥͨ
ܣ
Ȼܣ
ǣûռ䣬ȻźϣҪӵǱӵͻơûռİֻкϣҪڵͻƣĲף˵ѡ
ҹδҲȷԼڣǷܹͻƽڣֻͻƵƽԲźܴİյġҪͻƵƽڣǾͱڵͻƣܹͨ
ɷͲÿˣԼѾɷ֮ʥˣ滹о磬ҪҲ޷򡣶ɱѾǴʦҪӴʦʥѶҲǳߡԼڲǴʦ磬ƫƫռûиԼҲһķʱĹ̡


1194 ı
һҹδ׼ٴ˵ҹδҪƷɱһȤˣҲۿ
ҹδ뿪ʼںһһҵĹۿʱ⣬ҹδ
˹ȥ˽£ҹδһһҹδУźڰɫ໥ƲŽɢһְϢ
¶Ľ֮ɫδ룬̫ʺĹˣְɡ
ҹδͷͽ̫ɡ
֣޵Ȼžʵδ룬ǷҪʼб֣
ҹδҡͷҪһ¡ʱ䲻᳤꣬Ҿͻб֡
ǡҿԸʲôҲʱ̡
ã
뿪ˡҹδȥδ壬ҹδĶڣϥֻǲʱ⣬ҹδ

ˣ˵ҹδ룬Ҳչأʱҹδ⡣ճҲˣҲܵҹδĶչأʱɷ⡣ֻеᣬʱؿδĥ
ڶȥճ뿪ˡΪͻƵɷʦڷϯд峤ϣһʱ֮緢᲻ѡ
ȥ뿪ˣͻƵʦϯд峤ϣһʱ֮緢᲻ѡ
ͬһ꣬ҹδΪҲȻƽԲص˺ɽ֣ʼִУͬʱ⡣

ͻƵʦϯд峤ϣһʱ֮緢᲻ѡ
ϯ֮ҹδصԼɽ壬ʼоǺֹȥ˶ʮ꣬ҹδռİ£µǺ󣬶ܹԣγһҲԷָСĴʦ󡣶ҹδҲﵽĴʦ
ҹδԼʼҪŲˡеʦȽԭȡ˳ͬʱټ˸ŵӣְౣšʧȥ˴ıڵĳΣյʱ̡
еȡ֮ĵȽϵȫĨȥȻÿ˷һͼÿӿʼϿ̻ơÿ̻һͽҹδһҹδڻϿʼ̻ʦƣϵһγһǺ
Уҹδ˵һĥ£ؿ֮ʥšЩʿҲһβ֮ʿӦвͻơ
ڵҹδΪʦҿʼ²ڴϢѸٵɽ紫ϢɽĽ
ҹδ룬ޡ
ҹδսʳ壬ʳ岻ٲսսʳ峤ĹУҲ忴ҹδǿǸʱҹδ뻹ֻһ磬ܹƽʿ˵ҹδѾͻƵƽڣһֲɱҹδ벻ͷ
塣
ʥɽ
ڶУĿһϡǸȻֻһƽ磬ΧЩ컯ɫȴ߰ƽƽ𾴡
ԭ
Ϊǿռ󣬿ռıͨڲռͨԸ⣬һ˲ʹʥɽڡ
һͷڵı£˲䴩ռ䵽ڣɱҹδ룬ȻٴӦòѰɣ
ҡͷǱֻҹδ룬Ȼѡǻ᲻ҹδ
ȥˣ
ͷͨȱݣܹһͨôʿڳڣ˵ҹδˣǰѳڶƽˡ
ûͷ˵ûռͨҲǲˣ͵ǳ٣ʲôã
ıͨбķʽҿһռ̣һʿ͵͵Ǳ뵽ڣȻҹδ벼ؾ֮·ϣֻҪҹδ̤Ǹռ䣬߾ܹ֪ȻҿٿռͨҹδֱӴ͵
У
У

䡭
׹ڣһֻɱ⡣Ѿ֪ҹδͻˡѾƽأأ
ƽأƽԲûдﵽ
Ϊʲô
Ϊʲô
ұͻƣһͻƣΪʲôᱻ
䡭
ֺһ֮ͨһƨڵϣźˮδδĵ䣬һĽ侲ѵõҹδϺԼӦ


1195 
ҹδ룬ǧꡣԼһǧ꣬ҹδһ뻹ࡣҹδʱԼѾƽ磬ǸʱҹδֻǺϵȻҹδͻ磬ﵽԲͻƽ磬Լ
ѡ
ԼѾƽʱ򣬰㣬Լʱҹδ붼ûгȻǧһ·Խ׷ԼԼѵʱòϣҹδľ콾ԼһΪ츳ԺҹδǸͬʱҲѵʶȻҹδѾԽԼԺԼͲ׷ҹδˣ»ԽԽԶ
ĲģǲΣ
Լ϶ѾҹδĶˣü֮䶼ֳһ˿ɥ
ڡ
еѾϣһգڳڵʿӶ߳ڹۿҹδ벼ҹδڿлطУһ߷Уһ߽һ뵽¡ܹʮҹδոմ˵ʮʱ򣬶Ȼ·ϳһȦǲһĪ
ҹδüͷԾԼԭԼȡԭдʱ򣬶ˡû⡣ڵĲô¶
ڽûиȥۿ͸ʶǱߵ̽ȥʵϣʶû͸֮ǰظоԣⲻ󷨵ĲһֿռĲƺĳصϵ
оԵʱ󣬿ռȻѿһӣ·ſһŴڣȻ˽ȥ
ڱ̽ȥһɲǣҹδ͸֪ˡǿռ֪ͨԼ͵ȥǲܰԼ͵Էһ⡣ԣԼһܱ͵ռͨĿĵء
֪Լ˲ƿռ֪ͨƻռͨһʮΣյ顣ɽ磬ǾŹǡ뵽ռУĲ֪ԼܲܳܵסɽĿռԼܻܲǵôļԼȷǣԼһ͵ĿĵأǱɡԣռͨһ
ǣôռͨ
ҹδڵʵҪռͨҲǳף飬ɽĿռܹͨ飬Ҫã
»ûеȵԼռͨԼѾ͵Ŀĵˡ
ҪռֻͨпռԿռ䡣ҹδڿռͨĲСⲻҪзڵʶھʣһ߲㣬ıһ㣬һĲķϵؼĲ
䡭
ڼĲ֮ǰҹδ뻹ԼǰΪʲôûм±ˡ
ռԿռĺʹĲըˡռͨһƬ硣Ҳ˺ܶѷ졣Щռѷ첻֪ͨҹδ뿴Щռѷ죬кЩռѷ쿴ŽߣԼһȥͲ֪嵽ȥˣҲǰ֮ңһطҲýȥҹδȻһռѷ졣
ߵ˶ɵˣŴͣȻҹδʧĵطһץӵصץһԲ̣ɫԲᵽ˲Ͷ϶ɵġ徫ͨռֻ

һķȥ֪ĵ뿪֮Ȼڵĸ߲лңǻذȥ컯ʿһܼ⣬Ȼ쵤ʿһʦĻڴҪд󻤳֡
˵ǣ˵ҹδ롣ʱҹδӿռһͷ˳Ȼɫһ㶣Ŀ֮壬֪Լĵ̡̫ҲٱԼһʽǣǽʹ˳ȥǹ⣬Щ˹ȥ
ЩҲû뵽ͻȻԼͱˡһǴɵ⡣ǿˣһʿ
̫ͻȻˡܶʿûзӦͿʼ顣ҹδǳҵ˲䣬һȥ
ʱҲӦ˹Ƭͬһ㣬ҹδ׷˹ȥҹδ뷴һǹ죬ӡͬһƬǺӴ׹䡣
䡭
飬Ʒʿӿбʬдף컯ɱ˹ôΪģܹͷŴ⣬ⲻ컯ʲô
̱컯ʿҹδ˹ҹδôԷ׷ԼĻ᣿
̼뵽ڣͻһڹ⣬Զ䡣ǰ屻һᴩ壬ӿе䡣


1196 컯
컯׷ᡣǿҹδ롣ߵֻ컯һһľ롣
ҹδʮ֣ܵ·ϣҲܣĵһҪ㣬Ҫ֪ԼĶȻȷܵķ򣬱ȵʱܵĴӪ棬ǲ
Լ壬֣ռѷزܹ˽ģ㿴ǽߣһȥռӣͲ֪ŪĶȥˡ
ֵĵطǣЩϤԼ벻ĶȻĳһ̣මȻһ£ϳطˣȻ͸ɵˡ
ﲻɽ磬磬Ȼ͸ˡɽײռأһԼɽڣôһܵˣ
벻׾ͲˣԼ磬ͷ۵ǣ׷ɱȻԼ׷ɱ취ȥҲ֪ڰܲ
Լܹȥ
ȲˣӦΰѺ׷Լ컯ҹδͣоԼһ컯ڣܹ֧һ£컯ڣû˿İա

Ѿ֪׷Լ컯ǳڣڳݵλ컯ʿӴȻһӾܹ֪컯ʿľΪ
컯׷еɱⷴǱϲǿٶȣϳӦһɱ
ⲻͷ
ǣֻһ˭
˺ܿЭ飬ֻҪ׷ҹδ룬һ֣һ£ҹδ˭У͹˭
ваڣҹδЩ㶼Ҷٺˡ
ҲҲҳԵĶʲôǺɳϣ˵ϣ¸ҳԵɳϡҲڱ컯׷ϰ
ҹδһӣͻȻһˣʯ𣿡
УǲϡϸҳǸʯЧȺǿˡ
ǿ٣
Ⱥǿ
Уһ飡
ҹδȡһʯſһӣʯʧˡʯҪʱģ컯ʿ׷Ȼһһץ˹
ҹδȻץסζȻڳ֣һ̳ǣǽͬʱҲ˱ڵķ
ϡ
ǣǽһƬǺӣǸ컯˹ȥͬʱûҲǸʿ
ҹδȴǵ̤ǲ˲˾룬Ȼһ뵽ͬһڹ⣬ռȥ
Ǻܿ죬컯ʿ׷
ҹδûеȵ컯׷̫Ϊ֪Լ͵ϮһΣǾ޷͵ϮڶΡԣ컯Լʮңҹδʹڳˡ׼컯һΡ˲䣬Ǹ컯˹ȥ
ӣܹսֻҹδѾܾûսˣΪսѾԼˡսĳ滹ʮ־˵ġ
ֻ˲䣬ͻŰپʮǸʿ˹ȥͬʱҹδ˱ڵķ׺ûҲǸʿҹδ⻹꣬һʽǣǽЮŴɵǳ⣬Ҳʿȥ
䡭
ֵ̫⣬ʵҲ׼ˣҹδٳ֣ǾȽҹδСȴû뵽ҹδǿ֮ǰǰˣҸû뵽ǸҲܹԭΪֻһܵɱȻǸ֪Ĺ˺ԼҲܹ˲ͻĹ
仰˵ˣܺҲˡ
һǲս˲Ϣ䣬ҹδһ˲˵Ǹ컯ĻᡣһǴУȫ
ʱѡǡôûҲʿӾڱΣǣʶɱչ仰˵һ˲䣬ʧȥ˶ҹδĹ۲졣ͳһ˲䣬ҹδ벻׺̳˴ǳǣǽ
䡭
컯Σ֮ʣǶĲλǣǽᴩأǰͨسһ󶴡
ҹδûʤ׷ȫ׼һܽԷնɱҪնɱûпˡοʿѾҪˡԣͷӣŲ̤ǲҹδ뵽֮С
ҲʿԭҪ׷ҹδģʵһʱ׷ҹδ룬ܹ׷ϵġǵԼͬ飬Ѫգؿڳһ󶴣б㲻һһٵ˲䣬Ѿҹδ뼤ȥʧӰ


1197 
׷
Ǹ˵ʿ˿ռ䲨Ӵܵķ׷ȥˣǸʿҲ
ôģǸ컯ʵ
͵Ϯˣ⡣Ҹû뵽ǸɱȻܹ
һˣԼǱҹδһֲͬƣġֻᴩһ󶴣ܿͻָ
ȻǸʿǰڿٵֺϣ˿ڲϵѿ䶯ۿžͻ᳹Ȭ
ҹδ뿴컯ʿ׷ҲЩͷۡѾϳԼڵλãϾܹ磬͵˺ܶԣʱķȥǸ֪ٶȣԼӵ彮򣬾ͻᱻ׷ϡ
ҲûӦԵֶΣϾһɷ֮ʥʥķʱҪáԼͻƽ֮һֱûսڶƽˣٲս⾳ʲôʱܹʵ
ԣ컯ڵ׷ɱҹδ벢̫šʱܹһ벽컯׷ɱѾƽأұԪﵽ컯أԪҲﵽƽԲ컯Ǵ򲻹Ӳ컯Ҫ˲ɱҹδҲܡ
ȻܣҹδͿּ޵״̬ĥԼ
οҹδ뻹⣬һǴǳ⣬һһԪ⡣һͨһǹСȻͬǲҪˣͨԹΪ֧ŵġҲ˵ҹδԽںһ𱬷ȥһԪΪǳΪ֪ͨӱ֮󣬻ﵽһʲô̶ȵܡ
Ѿ֪ΪǱߣһ컯صģǵûôǿⶼСɾ硣ҹδǵľСһЩ
ԣٴ׷ʱҹδٴδгֱǸԼ˵ʿ
Ǹ岻컯أֻôһؾ޴˿ھѾֺϳֻСָϸֻǵ̶ȣֺϵٶȿʼˣΪҹδµ⣬ҪȬȰҹδǳų⡣
ʱŰپʮӶзһܲУ˲ԼԼϴˡǸԼ˵ʱ䡣һ컯ͣĿ⾯ؿҹδ롣ж˲϶ҹδҪʼݡ
Ǹ˵壬Ȼ֮ǰİ취ǳ⹥һ塣ԣǸﻹƶȫҪӦҹδ뼴Ĺ
ǡ
̫Ԥˡ
䡭
ǺˣǹĶȴǸѾ׼÷壬ǹǸ˵塣ͬʱҹδǣǽҲǸ˵塣
ˣ
ʿû뵽Ǹû˵ʿһĽ䱸أ˵ʿɣžİΧɱȥԼͬնɱҹδ롣ܲѾòҪˣҪɱҹδ뱨йߡ
ȻͷĹĹǣǽĹŹ˹ľŰپʮգγһ״Ȼĵʿ˹ոպ;Űپʮ棬һͺ˹ȻǺһĽ뿪ֺ
ҹδ뻹˹Ҫһ£һʲô
ⲫ
ʿ˲䵲ס˾ĹȻӲֵǣǽ˵ȫסϵһ۱նˣȻҹδȻ嵽ǰ̫ش˹æ֮䣬ʿ̧ɱֵʿײһ
˵Ϊ컯أҹδıҲ컯أڲ֮䡣ǵֵĴæҹδƶƽбˡûеסҹδһ̴ִأ⻹ǷӦ죬㿪ءǺò׻ָ˿һ󶴡
ҹδ뵹ٸԷһӣնɱ˶ԷõĻᣬöԷһͻȻϮˡһʿѾӦ˹ɱ˹ҹδ뵱뵽Ϊһڹ⣬ȥ
Ǹʿ˹ȱһֱֻۣǰһ󶴵ͬ飬ҵӣɫ䲻ֳԥ
׷𣿡
׷
Ǹķŭֵıˣһ㣬㽫Ѿڵϵĸ첲ץ˻컯ǽʶôߵϵȥûˤһϱһתΪ㳤˻ȥͬʱؿڵĴ䶯Ѿ˳ȥ
ҽɱɡѾˣǸ컯ֻһƽ硣һƽܹͷų⣬ľ콾ɱ


1198 ȥʥ
ʵϣһڵķŭͬٶ١컯Χһƽ磬ȻһƽһǸƽأһ˶ûУȷʵǹҲסˡڼͬ׷ȥȻҲϷŹҹδ롣Ҳҹδ׷ȥ
ʿٶȶǳ죬ѶϢ֮䣬Ѿȥǧʿ׷ҹδִг֪ûл͵ϮˣǾʵʵսһԼ컯شʿļл֮£ֶܹã
һϢʮϢ
Χҹδ˾ŰپʮΧҹδͬһ޴󳬼Уֻɾɣҹδ㱣м䡣Ȼҹδͷų磬ҽл̲żһԪ⣬ҹδ档ͬʱ˷ϵشҫĿһƬƬȥͬʱе̫ҲһԪΪǳΪͨǣǽͷ˳ȥ
Ҳչͨҹδ빥컯ͨƿɾɵУҹδĽϡ
䡭
ҹδĽҵҹδȴһϲΪˡҲһ֣ȻԷĽǾҪԷǷܹԼĽˡʱѾһƬҫĿԲʮڵնһ޴׳أִϵش׳塣ͬʱҹδǣǽҲ˹ȥ
ͲȱѪ˵Ƿǳ׺ŭͲʱѾҪɱҹδ룬ͷϲϽͲ㣬ʵҲûط㡣һ׺ظʩͨӲǣǽҪƥһǣǽײһѷ죬ѷɱҹδĸǰ
Ҳȷʵײƥһǣǽҹδɱ˹ҹδʹѾ֪ԼĶֻ֡һԼδزܺһսѾЩԼս൱컯ء컯أԼͲˡ컯أԼףҪɱԼҲףΪһ
ԣ뵽ڣˡ
Ȼ׷Ҫ׷ʱҹδٴγ֣ͨһлУȻӡأҹδ֪ԷѾԼԼԽԽȥò˶ãԼͻᱻնɱ
ҹδѾǳ֪ˣİʱ䣬õ˼ĥ£ÿƽʿܹõ컯ʿ׷ɱһ׷ɱвġֻԵֻҪ񲻷ơȻֻа죬ҹδ֪ԼľѾʵ߰˰ˡ
ҹδȡŷɷ֮ʥķʼעʶ֮һ׷ʱѾд󶨣ȷֻҪĴΣضܹǸʿնɱ
ֳˣ
ֳЦǿҹδһδгһҹδ뼤ȥһͷͨ

һƬХֻ֮Ϊ˾ŰپʮΧҹδγһ޴Уҹδ뱣м䣬Ȼҹδͷų硣ͬʱնǣǽҹδѾʮϤᳵ·ضͨȴûпҹδʶŷƮԼ
䡭
ķһڹҹδ뼤˹ȻƥһǣǽҹδĽ˹
˫ѾܽˣʱҹδŷֱʿȥǺԥؽ뵽֮Уնȥ
Ͳ컯ôˣġľԶ룬սͣų컯ָ˹ԼʧǵΧ֮ڡ
һӣ졣ҹδڳԶԶؿսķߺĽߡʱսϺܼž˫Ҳʱͣսҹδһ·λԼϤһߡӦòʶԼҲ˵ҲԼ׹
ǣҹδҲǴкԼġҲûд㹻ԴԼⷽҲȽϤˣԼ͵͵ջһѣȻ͵͵ȥĿʲô
ȻһĿǱߵʥءԼıٴһ飬ڵԼƽˣ˵ܹԼıﵽĳ컯ᳵ·ػߣֻ˳ȥȻֻǱߣȻֻ˳ȥ֮˷򣬳ʥطȥ


1199 ع
ʮҹδʥڳıѾﵽ컯ĳɡһδͻ컯Ŀԣ˵֮ǰɵĿͻ컯ھ߳ɡȻֱ˵Ǽţڷ˵վܹġ
ֶʮҹδ뿪˷˵ʮ꣬Ԫͻƽ⣬ﵽ컯ľ硣ѾŰ˳ɵĿͻ컯
ͬʱΪҲƽԲֻһ㴰ֽܹ뵽ƽڡûмŻȥһǱأصˣӦ׼ռˡԣ㿪ʼĴѹչʮ꣬ſʼڴǱȥ
ģй¶ĶСһ£Ȼ׼壬ڼ״̬УƻҪ߼ʱ䣬ΪҪҪⷽе塣Ѿ壬ռ䡣ԣҹδҲǷǳɵػռ䣬ȻԼŵķȥ
һȥʮ꣬ҹδڻص˳ڡһ뵽ͱճ̷ˣҴӭҹδ룬ֵ
δ룬û̫ˣôռˣ
ҹδ벻ɿЦҲ֪ϡͿؾͱŪȥˡ
ȥ磿ճ𾪵
ţҹδͷ
ߣѴҼú˵˵
ܿ죬ڵƷϾͼڴڣ˳ҹδƽ⣬µĶ컯ҶĿƵضҹδ룬ҹδҲûпԼһУϸ˵һ飬Ǳߵʥغͷ˵Ҳ˵ˡֻû˵Լ͵˴
Щ컯ʿɶ˷װ硣Щ컯ʿ⡣ȻҲգǺջðֵõġ
ʱĴʮ컯컯ڴռûлʮ컯ȥֲšһԵ˾ͲСʮ컯˭ȥ˭һʱ֮ҲΪѣһĻԵԸıһʿһĻԵŲȥĻġҹδһԿ˰죬Լ˰죬󿪿ڵ
ҪǶȥɡ
£˶סӵѼӣͣ죬ճ̿ڵ
δ룬㿪Цɣ
ҹδڿЦ
ûЦ
ҡҡͷǱһԵ˭ȥ˭ȥãǶȥɣҡ
㿴ңʲôңһƽءΪɽû컯ˣ
ô룡ҹδЦȻǾߣҲҰѻڴ˵ҲĴŷû⡣ɽ繥ڣȻƽأ컯Ҳ顣ҵ˼ǣҲǿߣǲȥʱ̫԰ΪްɡڱҴǱ߻ʱѾ忪ʼᣬƶңǷܹ
ǰżƽĸֵΣǿĳϸƽʱһǴ˵飬ҡʱײɽŹͬĵˣ塣ʱڣֹ̫ڡǹǵıֻ塣
˵е壬ҷѾ˵ˣǽߴԼڶֻҪڰڻͲҪ塣˾ʣһɽе塣һж˵Ҳ£ҲЩ幥ķߣɱ彮ǸʱǳھڴںˣҲ󡣡
˵ĶˣҹδΨһΣվɽ塣彮ܶʿҪƷߣ彮ôף
ʵжȷڲܷ飬ķߵʲôˣ
ǹ˷ߣҲ϶СҪڶʱھͿʼأҲ̫ܣ̽Ŵš˼ȥðڲʲôΣա˵ĿⲻɻڵϣҪ⡣
Ǻע⣬˼ȥǲ⣬һأ
Ǵּûˡ
ҹδȴվɣȲ󡣡
ãڵͷҪʱϸ˼
ҹδַԸʿ˳ȻʼǺһֱϡٴηڳڵϿգʼʱҹδϢͬһɽ˳ȥϵʿڴҹδ⼸ʮȥЩѸƭˡ˵ҹδһռ䣬ò׳ˡ


1200 ͻ
Ųţûҹδȥ硣ҹδ벻Щһһز󡣳ռؼ㣬ҹδһͲ꣬󷨴ɡ
ڵʮ컯ʿһ󷨵ܣо͸ȥˡ׼һ¡
ΪʲôҪ
ԭ򻹺ҹδйأΪڵķչ̫ˣõԳɽڶˡ
ԣ
ɽڶţԭųġŴѾ˴ʦɷ֮ʥĴУŴʦУŴʦ󴫳УѾ߱ɽǰĻŵսʮ˸컯ʿǰ컯ٵڣҲжʮһ
ֻоϵĲ졣
컯Բܹλɽŵڣ컯ԲʿҲ컯ʿھҲԱȳڸߡλܹЩ컯ȥܹ׵زڣȻеڶ̫ڳԣΪĿԲһΡβʧһĻᡣ
ҿʼ飬ȻһºЩ컯ʿչأʵ͵͵ҹδǵĵͼ뿪ˡȥ硣
ҹδʹδ壬ʵʹŵˣֻҪӦ˵Ĵ£û˻ҹδ롣ʵҹδҲΪʲô¡ʱ䣬ЩʿǶںϵʿ˵Ҳǰ׾Թ϶˲顣ΪᷢʲôҪĴ¡
뿪ŵĵһ죬ҹδϥɽϡʱδֻһˣž䣬ӹǶûл˼ԼӦ
ڵıԪﵽ컯أԪ񶼴ﵽ컯һءڵԪڷ˵Ǽʮ꣬ϿٸվǿգȺټϺϵЧоԼڵԺϴͼѾʮֿš
˵ġҪ֮ǰڼƽԲҪͻƽڣҹδ붼ȷʱ䣬оҲüꡣȻ⼸ڱ˵УҲͬһ㣬̫ˡڣѾȷĸֻҪԼչʮܹ꣬ͻƵƽأ뵽ƽڡ
ǾȽƽɡ
ҹδչˣÿ춼վǳһԪȴûпȥǳ⡣ÿ춼ڹǳ²ȥǳҲÿ
ҴҾȥûʮ꣬ҹδͻƵٽ㣬ֻҪԸ⣬ܹ̾ƽأûѡͻƣ־ͻơҪΪŨԪЩҪͻƵʿ뵽ܵءڵҹδȥֱصԼĶһأȻӱڳһֱͻˡ
ڵֶˣڵʶھʣһ㣬һ߲㱾ڵÿһ㶼ܼǧˡȥʲôؾ
ƨɵµѸٵرԪصϺХĺХֳĶĺܴ˳ڵʿδۿȻЩǳڵʿһ档
ǵȻ֪δ壬ôֳô󶯾ĵȻҹδ롣ҲȻ֪ҹδ벻ͻ컯ҹδͻƵƽڣΪЩ컯ʿû֪ҹδƽԲˡ
ˣȴЩǳڵʿ𾪡
ֻͻһƽڣֳôĶսжǿ
ֲõİһǴ򲻹ҹδ룬ŵˡ͸컯˰ɣ
ⷬȡЧЩǳڵʿʵ࣬Գжһݾη
ҹδͻƽˣ뵽ƽڡһ֮ϲԪֶﵽҽͻƵḶ́ڴﵽҲǳ⿪ʼƽԲһԪҲʼƽɡȴûдﵽѾҹδ㹻˷ܵˡ
˷ܵĲԼͻƣҲϵĿϿ̶Ⱥÿ࿪һϣԼ͸һ㡣ںϽ뵽شУҶشҲŷԾټϺϣԼֻǰͰʮܹ꣬ƽԲȻǳͻ컯ˡ
ϥڶУҪŪԼΪλˡǲףԼͻ̫ˡһƽأҪƽԲҲΪλ˵ҪʮꡣԼȴԿ϶ԼʮڱضﵽǸ߶ȡ
ǳĲ콾ҲҪǧꡣ


1201 
ôԼЩ콾ʲôΪʲô˿죬ֻҪʮʱ䣿
ȵı壬ԼıѾ컯ءЩƽԲʿƱҲƽԲ컯һءˣԼȻҪЩ콾ǿࡣ
αڵԪҲﵽ컯ءͬ˦ЩƽԶ
ҪĻԼԪԼԪǼƷԪ񣬱Ǿ콾ҲƷԪ񡣵ԼԪֲǼƷԪ񣬻ڲϵÿһϣһҹδоԼܹҪԭ򣬻ΪԼԪ񡣸ΪԪеϡ
ԺҪ࿪ˣ
ֿЦҡͷѾ̶ȣ쳣ļѡÿһ϶Ǹˮĥڷ˵ԼܽϿٸοԼͻơЩɣԼ֮ͻУδܹΪ֮ͻƶСͻơҪģĿϣ¾͵õͻ컯һ졣
ǣͻ컯
Ǻǡ
ҹδͣҲûԼضܹͻ컯ȻԼа˳ϣܹͻơоųɾţֻΪһ֣δܹͻơ
ɣ
ʶӳȥһֻǶ˺ܶʿδt㲻Ϊ⣬һƨɵµֻʣ֮һս˷չ
Ҵһȥҹδһĵ̾Ϣ
һʱջ΢ԼЩ߹ԼˡʽʮڣԼδܹͻƵƽԲ
죬ĲôġҲ㹻ţԼƽԲ϶û⣬ֻʱ䡣ʮ겻Уһ꣬Ӧû⡣
Ҳʱʱ̵̿Ӧųжȣͨ
ҹδȻһ㡣
԰
ͨ
ҹδһϲԼһ·ͻƣأǱߵʥأ緲˵ȵȣǴͨҲ˷ǳҪЧԼӦѧϰʲô
ʱ£Ѿɽ۷塣ȻѾоɷ֮ʥӦûпռ䡣ҪǸ򣬲һѣҪʱȥ򡣶ֳɵӣɽɷ֮ʥ˼ʮˣû˿
סôأ
Ҳ̫ףû̫ĴУȫԼʱҲ̡ҲǧΪλ˵ΪλȻܹԼȥһɽ˵ܹܿͻ֮ʥľ硣ȻûǸᡣ
ǾֻʣˡԼһɵʦ粻ߡԳͻɵʦȻⷽռﲻæԼ㹻ĲҩԼӻԴȥ
ԼȱԴ
ǻʲô
ô죬ӽ쿪ʼԼֻҪԼԼ˷˵ܹڴ֮ͨ£Լٶȡ
뵽ҹδˡȻֱڵĵڣ͵͵ȥ硣ˣʿ֪ҹδˣһ˷ܵʲôƵģ׷Χ˹һƽڴʿĬ۾ڴ
δ룬Ҫ𣿡
ţΪЩͣҪѧѧܷͨ
̫ˡؼ㿴Ҹһõġ
лл
ҹδ뿴ЩεĿ⣬֪ʲôԼһб֡ɵʦ
ûУɵʦŸؼУȻʦĴֻȼǲȱʦؼС˵ôڴҹδ롣ҹδıִвһڵĴУֻܹȥȥѧȻԼȥԴѻԼľ硣Ǳֲһ
ҹδµıִⳡġȷ˵ıִУֻҪʶ뵽У֣һһĲڲӡִ֤СⲻǻٶȣķԴڵıִҲˡ
ܲõʿۺ
Ҳı֣ǿԽʡԴ
ΪʲôʦһִУ
ΪûǸˮƽǵĵǿԣһִУҪĲǵзҪռ䣬ܷ¡Ҳֻҹδɷ֮ʥܹ
ҹδûһʼѧϰʦĴУǴʼǴӷ˽ѧͽʼѧϰ
ҹδʱ䣬ϸϸȻɵʦǺ֮ǰˮƽѾͬɲǵһ͵ȼʼÿڵһõһڣƮŵ㡣


1202 Ʒ
ĬɶҲˣѱ˶ϳңԼһҹδ롣
ǵģ
һֱңҹδҪʲôУĬᵽڣҹδֱӾĶܣ
տʼĬҹδӵȼ͵ķʼĶʮֲ⡣ȿҹδ뻹ʼƷ͸ˡҲû˵ҲûʲôٶһԿšһ¯ƳҲû˸оһ¯ƷΣ
ֲƲ
ҹδ˷ʱ䡣ΪûбҪԼεĻѾʵʮʵˣҹδҲضˣΪܹһ¯ƳĵҩƷˮƽһ˵ҹδȼһʵ
ԣȿҹδƷ֮ĶĴУʷĸǰ飬ͺܲ⡣
ǣҹδ˼¯ҩƳƷҩʱɫˡ
ľ鿴ƷҩǲɿصġġǽоǳߵĲΣȻÿһ¯ܹƳļƷҩ
ǲܣ
аԼĳʺܸߣһ¯ʮţҲͼĴ嵤ڷ䲻ܴﵽֳʡɽֻɽֲҩ̶ȡҹδһ¯嵤ʮţֻżƷ嵤µĶƷԣлǾҹδˣƳġһ¯ҩδܹƳƷҩ
ȻͿҹδֿʼܣ
һ¯ƳʮţǼƷҩӵʮš
Ĭˡ
ѵ⼫ƷĲģ
Լ֮ǰֻܹ֮ΪԼʵ
У
ٿһ¯ܹƳƷҼƷܹӣǾ֤Ĳ⣬Լʵ
Ȼ󡭡
ͿҹδƳһ·嵤ǼƷѾ˶ٿš
˻
ܹƳ
ԼƲԼˮƽһ룬ȻܹƳƷ嵤ôƷ鵤ӦûɣƷͨûɣ
һ룬ԼһֱͻƵʦǲǾΪԼĻʵ
ֲδҪͼĴ嵤ʼԭˡ
һӾȤ־Ͱѷҹδǰһ˹ǸصĶҹδЩӵܺҹδɢʮΪҹδ̫Ͷ룬һһ߼أȻһӣڼصʱִӴָóһհԱʮ
Ĭһͳ棬Ȼв׵ľͿʼʣҹδҲĻصҹδԼԣ˺ĬҲʼƴ嵤
ʱشƮɢˡ굤ҩװһƿȻ˵ϡ
һȥ
ҲѾ׽зĵҩ飬ܹƳļƷҩſʼܺɵʦȼĵҩ
ţ
ҹδһ㣬ûɵʦĴУŴ״̬˹ԭĬҲֻǽؼжȡ˹ɵĶûùҹδΧһֳЦֱضƿѵϸߣЩͳĬһƳĵҩҲƷ֮һǼƷתͷĬֳĬƵҩԱȡ
Լһ̶Ӻ󣬳Ĭ¯ȡбһϲһ·ϵѾɶǼƷٸԼ꣬ԼܹƳƷ
ʦ֡Ĭϣҹδ뼱æڡ
ţ
Ĭӳѣҹδ룺δ룬¶
ûдˡ
ŶŶû£˶һݡ
ҹδһָϵƿЩҩ͸ɡ
ⲻУĬæҡͷЩҩõĶĲҩҸ֡
аɣҹδҲûƴǡ
УϢһ¡
ĬһӣϵƿʧˣȻ˳ȥҹδҲ˳ȥվ棬ҹ磬³һʼĬԼΪ
Ȼҡҡͷ˵ûнǽ΢СҲǣֻһ鷲ܹж
Ŵͨ
ܣ
ȵڶƻ裬ĬŻǴ˲ٵ顣ʵϣ˻۵ƼƷĴУ˺ܶݣ˲˼ƵЩҩԼƵĵҩҹδ룬ִҹδ롣
δ룡
ţҹδ̧ͷŽĳĬ


1203 
ĬЩ˼ܲܽɵʦ֮ǰľ磬ִУȻõ򵤵ҲԵ˴ʦ֮
һҹδ룬ҹδ벢ûеִһ͵ҪŵĴжʽֵġҪĲҩȥһʦĳɹʯѻġܹƳıִУͿʡʯеĵӶΪʯ£ʿضһʽĳɳھռرջꡣźϣŵӲ򣬷ԪҪĵҩ
Ҳ˵ԭŵ״̬ĽԪٶȡĿǰŵ״̬Ԫٶȡ
Ҫŵɵʦ̫١
˱ִоͲͬˣǿԽʡԴʡʱ䣬űضһɵʦŵӲȱҩˣűضӭһʵıڣʱڣֻҪҩϣʿΪ÷ǳ졣˵ʵǵҩʿĺȡ
ҹδ룺򰡣
Ķ򰡣ĬЦеţеʿȱҩû򡣼ҲСһ̾ͻᱻһաֻԼŵʦȷĵ·
ǡ˱ִУƳĵҩҲֻںϵһ£ϵʿûô
ҲͿ˰ʵϣϵԼϵһµʿŵռʿľų룬ǾŴ֮һж磿
ֻҰɣ
жƽ磿ֻһҰɣ컯Ǿ͸˵ˣֻʮµĶǺϵԼϵһ¡Ҳ˵ӱִܹһܹƺϵʿһµĵҩžųɾŵ󡣶ңĹУΪıִгһܹƺϵʦһ׶Σɵʦı֣ӴĻȥɵʦں̵ܶʱڳһɵʦǲͿ̵ʱڡʿṩҩ𣿡
ҹδͷҲ˷ѲԼʱ䣬ͷУǾȥѰһطȻִС
̫ˣߣѡˣ㿴вС
ҹδ벻ȻʧЦڵ˵оСȫ׼񱮰ɡ
׼ˣ
ҹδЦؿһۣĬٺֱ֡
߳ҲԶһȺʿվΡҹδͳĬһ۾㶼һȻεؿ˳ĬĬһͦ
λҹѾͬȸˡ
һȺʿɫϲҹδ빪ʩ񣺡лҹϡ
Ȼظҹδ󣬼ʿˡرЩûгΪɵʦʦΪ֪ҹδıִоǣǸǵģЩѾɵʦģûбִУΪҹδ뻹ûȫ꣬ĬѾ˵
ǾɵʦˣΪǿҹδͳĬƵļƷҩҳĬǣܹƳƷҩʵ˻ͻżĸЧߵʿǰҵǴġƷҩģܹһֱƳģ֮֮ǰܴﵽ̶ȣΪûкʵ
ȻЩɵʦôɵʦܹһֱƳƷǰֻΪǴʦܹﵽĳ̶ȡҲѹǣΪھߵľɵʦûдʦ
ҹδʵжǣƷҩǿһֱƳģģǰƲǶڵ򲻹ʵˣЩɵʦȻˣҲҪУȻӴ嵤ʼƣԼҲƳƷ
ԣȥռĵʿʣµĵʿˣнӽǧˡ
Ϊʲôôࣿ
ΪʦԭͲսǸȥײռĵʿࡣڶܵɽˡ
ǳĬѡõıִ֮ء
δ룬ôĬڿһ
ҹδ뻷ĿĹˣȻͷʵҲʲôĬѡĶĶֻǸ񱮡
ҹδͷĬȡһݸҹδ롣װĶиõ񱮡ҹδҲϥȡ񱮣㿪ʼ
ѾͷĴʯҹδᳵ·ȻУǴͬҪԼڵ
ˣʱҲΪӴ嵤һֱϵжپͲ˵ˣÿһ־磬һʯ
Ϊʲôһһ


1204 ͻ
Ϊÿһ粻ֻһֵҩֵҩҹδǽԼ֪ĵҩÿһֶһ񱮡ҲǶԼһٴž֮Լȥɵʦɵʦľ磬°빦ٶȼ졣
һ֮ǧʿ̽ǿذΧȻÿ˶ʶ̽뵽С
ȻǵоͶҹδ˳ݡ
񱮾ȻǵԭΪô˽ȥɲˡҲֻмʮռ䣬µ˻ᱻ
أ
ǧ˽ȥÿ˶һռ䣬ռҹδΪǽ⡣
ĬҲȥһ£Ȼˡ˳δ룬ܹһɶ
һˣͷǵĴбһ
̫̫ˣ
Ĭ֪˵ʲôˣ֪Ҳҹδɷ֮ʥı֡ҹδ벻ٴʼר֡ĬҲʼԼ֪ʶϾڵܹƳʵļƷϵڵҲǳߣԼȷһĿ꣬ͻƴʦ֮
ĺģǰԼҲ취а취ˣǽÿֵҩƳɼƷ
ҹδǰֻҪвģͿʡ⻹ʲô谭
һ޴Ұġ
ڵΪƽԲԼڵͻ˴ʦ᲻ᴥͨԼͻ컯ΪڵʮŸ컯ʿ
пܣǳпܡԳĬһֱϥҹδԣԼĵȻ󲻻ʡҹδҲ꾡⡣
УڴһϢҹδܹƼƷҩȻƷĵҩֻǺϵҹδƼƷȴģһֱܹơ
ȻЩҩǲģֻгڵʿŹ׵Զһں̵ܶʱھͱһһաǲ
ˣֻǶҹδ롣ҸдŵĳϸǵĻӦǿ϶ġ
ǵҹȷʵܹƳƷûпգڱչ°ٰʮ궼ءǵĵҩۣԼŶء
ԣЩŵİݷҲֻ뿪ʱɽΪǢദʱڣҵĵֻһǾ塣ԣвҲñšֻɽĸŶҹδԽԽעˡ
ǳΪɷ֮ʥȻΪʦֲ˳ڵĻڴֿʼҪǣǰ˵ָոͻƵƽڡ
̫ˡ
ǻ֪ҹδ뻹һʦ֪ҹδ벻ͻƽڣͻƵƽڡ֪ˣƾŴоͻмŶҹδɱġ׹ں͹ڱضˣҲ˼
ȥҹδʱбϡͳĬصҡһңĬͿʼˡҹδǿʼĶȻɵʦľ硣ԭѾɵʦɵʦĵҩܹƳƷڶ˵ʰŲȱرںϵһ¶ܹƼƷ֮Ÿ⡣ٴλɵʦ磬µ
Ȼ󣬵ʼɵʦĵҩһһƣƲͬĵҩ࣬ڼ䷴Ķ򴫳УϵظγһżƷҩܹɵʦееҩ඼ܹƳʵļƷһ˲䣬ҹδ붼˲Ͽ¯ȡˣ̱۾Ϊһ̣˸
ʼͨ뵽ش֮С֪Уͻ˾磬ƽͻƵƽء
ĬҹδͻƵʱ򣬱һżĹôͻˣ
ٿҹδǳؼȻһƨɵ£͸ˡ
δѾԣ˳̶ȣŪ
ҹδͻʿĹעгڵĵӣҲбʿȻһ֪ҹδͻơЩĶǣҹδƽͻƵˣûΪͻƵء
Ҳˡͻһأ˵ǧΪλǾ콾ҲҪ԰Ϊλɣ
ڵĳĬȴǼˡǣͨЧԼͻƵʦ˵ܹͻ컯
ҹδͻƣûгȥǳֿʼ֮ǰáȻĶʦĴֹȥ˼죬ҲܵҹδļĬҲڽϵܹƳɼƷʼɵʦļƷ
룬неҹδ뻽ѣδ룬㿴ǲȽɵʦıҲܹŵһЩܹͨԼ


1205 ڻ
аɣҹδҲûƴǣû뿪ңǾ񱮣һʱ䣬ɵʦһ˳Ĭȥڵɽ
Ĭȥ˺ɽܿͻˡѾĬԼ顣ֻڹУҹδҪʱػشĬѯʵ⡣
ϾҹδһɵʦսɵʦĵҩƳɼƷҲûлѶʱ䡣Ȼɵʦ񱮴УóĬںɽ֡Ȼѵʱ̣ҪͻɵʦסҹδĻʵʮֽʵʦһеĵҩܹƳɼƷֻǼΪԨ
УҹδҲ˳ͻƵƽأҲ˸ˣӵϡ
ҹδַʳһƺϣȻʼɵʦ֮˳
£ӳ컯ʿȻ뿪Ѿȥʮꡣʮ꣬ĬȡԼʮĳɹѾܹɵʦеĵҩܹƳɼƷǶ˵Ѿ׷ҹδ롣һǶ˵Խҹδ롣ΪһɵʦҹδҲûͻƵɵʦԴϱˡóĬԾҹδôĲҩ
ǣʱɽȴǽԭܼ򵥣ɽ׼սˡÿһײɽ嶼ᷢһξսֻѡʱβͬˡ׼սҲܼ򵥣ֻҪۿĵͿԡԣ巢忪ʼģʱ򣬾֪սʱ䲻Զˡǣ̿ʼͨɽ磬ȻȵĿ϶ǾŴŵῪһᡣԷķ
ĵصѡܶɽǲκһţȴھŴм䣬仰˵ǾŴŶԶ
ڣ⣬Ҵҵظһʿ
ƽԲо
ڳ컯ʿȻ뿪֮󣬹ŵͽյϢ֮󣬱Ҵҹδ롣ֻǹţִ£ҹδ
ǰ̧־Ŵš
ڣҹδͳĬ㶼ɫһ䡣ǣһųˡ˶ܵ¯ڵĵҩˣ˴ţоһء
δ룬Ҫսˡ
ҹδɫһ䣬ȻڣȻǶʷϷ龭һ˽⣬֪ÿһײᱬһɽսʱδûʱ򣬰յǵķٻҪʱ䡣ͻȻǰˡ
鷳ˣ
ʲôʱ䣿ҹδ뼱ʵ
ٻҪʮ굽ʮꡣ׼ˡҪŴܶɽۼս֮¡ô죿
ҹδʱȥ
νͣое
͡ҾͿˡ
ðɣоҲûа취
ڣ
ҹδ룺øʲô͸ʲô뿪֮Ŵ󽻸ĸʦ֡
ã
Ҵĸ¹ȥ
ܶɽ
̫ڵѾɽ̫ɽʵλһʵǿλٿ̫֡
ʱɽ֮ϣѾŵÿһ컯Բ
̫ڣڣڣڣ££ŵϥɽ֮ϡֻйڣ׹ںͳڵûе
ûżΧһšȻǶѾ컯ԲѾɽĶ壬ҰһֱûصǿδŬѵþһ໥ܷҵһµķ
ھۻʱ仹أ֮ǰΪ˽磬ѾҵĶ󣬶ƽʱֶһ֮Ҳ޷һĻᣬĺ
ֻҲЩ֣׹ں͹ڵʿһЩҲͰˡôڻû
˵ڲӦ÷һᣡ
ҹδڸʲô

ʵϣԴյϢһֱɷ֮ʥȼķѾƽأɷ֮ʥķٶҲڵһܹһšȻȥ˵Ϣָʱ䡣֪ԼʵԼƽˡԪ컯ˣԪҲﵽ컯һˡɲ컯컯򲻹ƽ綼ûԲ
սǿоԼڵľ磬컯ضδԼĶ֣Լܹ컯ضһٸ߾Ͳˣ컯ԲǸǰ׸øԼ׼һЩơԼĵȻɷ֮ʥķ
ʮŷ֮ҹδ붯ˡܶɽȥھܶɽǧ֮ңʱܶɽȥ


1206 
ʱںͰ׹ڵҲˡȻƽʱںͰ׹ˣߴŶһʱ˫Ǵʱ˸컯ʿж΢΢ˬʱ仹ˣڻöļӣʲô¶
ˣ
׹׾¶Ц˵Ȼ˸컯ʿĿһȥȻɫһ䡣
ҹδӰɽ֮ϣŰ˸컯ʿΪ񣺡λʦ֣δˡ
˸ɫһ㣬ˣĪǳڵˣ
ҹδʮȻػص컯ʿڱءڱչ֮ǰŽңԵûԼأڰڲҪȥǣǷ˳ڲе顣δôģȻǱ߿ʼᣬǾľսٻʮꡣδ׼ȵ˾սʱȥǳء
˸컯Բʿɫ΢΢仯
˵ʿչأûʲôֵġڱչأ
컯Բˣոʲôأ
ѵ
ҵ˷
һ£ǵжͬʱҲ⻳ɣѵǳˣ
ⲻܡ
һ컯»пܣ컯һ£Բܡ˵Ǳչء
׾еЦδ룬ڱչǰ˵ЩʲôɲҪƭǣǸ磬ûбҪչأ㿴ǣܾúܾûбչˡҵʲô򡣡
Ĳ֪ҹδ˫һֻ̯һƽ硣˵ˣҲ
˸컯ԲĬˣ˼
ǾҹδĻ˳ɿţʣµɲţҹδδز֪ڵõʲôԵֻǲ˵Ȼ˵Щ컯ԲʿҲܹڼϢʱڷһࡣǶΪӦõõһʲôһʲôУܹ컯ԲʿܹԣŻչء
ǵĲһ
ܹ컯ԲʿϱչصĶ᲻һֱķ
ǵĶҪǷײ֮ǰһ̲ȡж򰵵ֶΡƫƫɽΣʱڡҲ֪׼ɽʱ죬ʮʮ󣬾ͻܹᷢʱԾŴ֮һĳڿʼԣӵġ
˸컯ԲĿⲻɻҹδϣѹҹδҲԪѾ̤컯һƽԲʱ̱ڵϡԣ˴ҹδ뻹ܹվţжһ
ĵõ˲õı˲ŻҹδΪƽ磬Ԫܹ컯
׹׾ЦǺǿڵδ룬Ŷò˷ɣŵİһǱ㳹˦ȥˡ
ҹδʱѾֻһ˿ͼʮɷ֮ʥķֻҪһк˲ͷųڵķȻнţ滹ܹάִݡ
֪ǰ׾ûԼڶԷѹ֮£һͻᱩ¶ܡڵԪȻܶ컯Բ𹥻ǷǿԡҲ㹻һеԣʲôֶκ̬ȣܹ̩֮Ȼ
Ű׾ǹһ˵ЦˡҿǱʦѹŴ˺ܾãʦִҴδǡ
ͻƽһ𣬾ܹлͰʦսһ˵ʦһֱû뿪ţδΪ
ڵҪǵֿ壬壬Щšû壬ͲЩšҿʱ£Ȼ֮󣬱ضҪʦֽ̡
׾ּδĻܵһжΪ룬֪ǷҲˣ
ҹδ뵭ȻȻΪŴ֮һڴ£ȻΪ롣
׾ЦøӲãȻô˵ҿɾ˵˰
룡ҹδ󷽷
µ컯ʿҲ۾֪׾ǳɹؼҹδӦܹ׵һЩ滰Ҳڸп
ҹδһţ黹̫ȱˡϵˡҲһΪԭɡ
׾иϲδ룬ҲΪƱ磬˸˶컯Բ컯Բ磬һѾ̵꣬һҲһٶꡣôʱڣһֱǲ컯֮ϵľ磬һֱ죬ҲûѰð˿
ֻƽ磬Щ˲˽⡣Щ˶ѾܾúܾûбչˣΪʲôµǰҲֻ΢˼һ£еԣǲչأΪûʲôܹǱչصġ
ǡ
Ƕ벻׵Ķû׵飬ֻ컯֮ϵ˵ǲǣ


1207 
ҹδһ˼ͷҡҡͷε
λΪң˵ҲеҾ粻޷⡣ӱģȻ޷ȷ˵ĶԻǲԡ
λͷ̫˵ûھ粻޷⡣Ҳƭ㣬ضǵõ˿Կ컯֮ϵıŻչأûκζܹչءرʱڡ
̫Ŀǿգ·ҪҹδĻȥһ㣺
ڵΪҲˣӦ֪һֶЩ컯Բ
ҹδͷ룬ͷʾͬ⡣
ܹ͸¶һ£õʲô𣿡
֪ҹδҡͷȻֳ˼֮ɫøոҪŭİ˸컯Բ侲صȴ
Ҽǵáҹδ뿪ڵʱͼλ˵ֻƬ߽ͣ
ֻƬʲô׾Ǽʵ
˵ǺΣգҪȺȺ˶δܹһ򡭡ŶЩˡ
˸컯Բ໥ʶ
ĵõһǴУҲʲôʲôؾֻһƬԺ컯֮йϵ
ڵʱ䲻ԣֻǱչأˣǲܸڼѹҪڵıʲôȺȺ
ʱ䲻ԣǲܶԳʩѹҲûʲô취Ͼڲ²˻ڴ󡣡
˵ǲɿһҹδ룬⻹һʦء
ô죿
ҿɣѾҹδǵĹ۵㣬ʮսǱضءǸʱҹδضὫǵĹ۵㴫ڣǸʱټ¡
ʱԡĵõʲôδػǡϾһ˼ƶ̣һδܹܺʲôҪȺȺֻҪǸһЩԴڰˡ
˵ڵõǸкܶ಻ȷԣо
ӦǣоһҲоҪǵʱҲٸһЩԴ
һлսΪذɣʱŷšĪ˵ǲǣ
⼸ɵǵĹͰ׹ܲ˵ضҹδ֣ʲô˼
׾ǺĪ˶һۣ˶΢ЦԵȻԵȣֻǸλҪģжʱȴ
Ȼ
˸컯ʿܿȡһ£ͼˡŴŻ˾ŸÿŸһ򣬵ȻҲţŸһȺţɢޣֻǸָӡҲҪ飬˭ĸ򣬾ͰǰһθԸķͿˡ
Իݺܿͽˣҹδϸǡֻǰ˸û뿪һ̫ڵǺ¹ںͰ׹͵͵ȥҹδ룬Ҫɽϼһʱ䣬ʵҲҪͰ׹ҲЦǺǵǵҲʱͲȥҹδ롣
ûǱչءοʱڣԼĶҹδʲôĻἤŭߴţߴžԻֹǡ㲻ܱڣҲʵһֱܹھŴţһǿǵʵǿŵĻնҲƾһεսУĳˡ
ҹδ֣ǾͲǳǵˡʱڣǾͱѣеĺԣǱҲûҹδ˼ǸܣֲֻԼҪ̫ҪʱҲǡ
ҹδ뷵ţоͳĬһȻֽǸսߺܳʵÿŸս߶ܳ˼컯ʿڵĳûС
żɢȫû⣬оͿ֣ȫҹδ롣컯ͲܹӦԵˡһ˷ߣ˵Ҫ𣬱ıضǳڣ͹ͷ۵ġΪڸķȻǾķһƿߣֱ룬ֱӾ͹˳ڡ
δ룡о䶯һ£ࣺô죿
ҹδҲ˼˼Ӧ컯
԰оˣӦ컯ʲôʿָսңû⡣һ컯ˡδ룬Ҳ֪Ǿսⷽ컯϶ֹһٳʮǵķҲʦܹס壬ǵס컯
Ŷһ컯û⣬컯Ҳû⡣ʮ컯֣ضܹǵķ󷨡
Ϊʲôʦ󣿡ҹδЩʵ
оЦãûôĲϰǲǶԷսʲô⣿̫ˣҪĲǺġǸǸȫʦĵĲϻŻڴһǧʦķ󣬶Ϊ֮ԣڵӦ컯취


1208 
ҹδҲΣõԼǶȥ磬ЩçײˡѾΣܲж˰ɣ
Ƹ˭
оͳĬصɫҹδȰǵĳ߰ɣ֪ôɣ
϶û⣬㡭
ȥ߿ھȥҲ̶ֻʮʱ䡣
û⡣
Ҳû⣬ˡʱ䡣
תһ´ȥҹδǳŷ߷ȥ߾֮⣬Ƕ˵Ҳһӵʱ䣬˷ߡŴʿפءҷҲŴʿ֮ǰҲսֻ岢ûоȫ컯ʿûڸͣսˡΪڼᡣڼ֮ǰ岻ȻҲȥ塣
ҹδ뽵ڷϣһηɳڵһƽʿ޵ʿءҹδ룬ɫ䵹ǺܵΪ֪ڵ컯ʿˡ
δ룬ǳ𣿡
ûУҹδҡͷڴںҪĹؿڣԼ忪ʼˣֻҪΣյʱǶսҸ𡣡
޵ϲֳǣҹδûеڣȿ󷨡
֪ҹδڵʦ޹ϵı졣ҹδɢʶԼһӺܵ뷨ȷʵͬоԣ𣬶ʱҲáڷ߶һ߶һ˼Ȼһ֡ԼСʱڷʱڣڡǣɽôûзڣ
ʦ֡
ţ
Ϊʲôûзڣ
ڣʲôȻ
ҹδ뿴޵ɫ֪ǳûзڣɽ綼ûзڡ
Ϊʲôˣ
Ƭ̱ˡɽĸ̫ˣҪڡڷ磬ʵԷֳܹܡɽ磬ǿ£ûо
ڳû컯ʱҪˡ͸ˡҪܹв컯ʿķڣǱǷʥķơɽҹδ֮ǰʥʥڣ
ʧķ˰ɣ
ȴòڲôͷоڷں˽⣬ֻҪ滻ڵĲʣĲϣܹ컯ʿγвķڣûͷųȥڱͱˡû⡣ҹδû׼죬ϰҲĵ𡣳Ǹ̡
ȻǷƣڵԭӦһģֻǽԭеķƻɷʥķƾͿԡ
԰ɣ
ҹδֻص˳ڣ˵ҹδ˵ȥںæֻܹȽͷ鴦ˡֻŲҹδһһȥһ죬ܹ취
ȻȥҲɱĶɱǿܹһʿɵɵܡֱӺʿľҹġһƽɱܹùˣ
ֲ£æһ죬ƻʱ֣㽫е齻ȥһЩʱ䣬ֱ֮˵ҹδңĺɽȥңܹа˰ټ䡣Ȼˡ
Ϊûеɽܴ󣬷·ٸʦһʵϣǰ˰ٸʦÿһһʦҵĴŶǴ򿪵ģҹδһڳһҡ
оһ뵽ǸңҹδվԱߣۿһʦ
ʲô
һӡ
г˴ô֣׳ҡ
ҹδƵķڣ뵽Ե컯ʿ컯ʿɲһľ񣬷졣ɷʱֱصķڡ׼컯ʿСˣʿź
ȻʿҪҲܸߣܹв컯ʿķڣ϶ҲСϵʿ϶УƻᱻûбҲˡƽܹʹŷڵģΪҲ硣
δ룬ʲô
ڣ
ڣ
оȻһʱˣҹδһɷ֮ʥȻҹδ˵Ƿڣ϶ͷйϵһɷ֮ʥŪĶӦܹ컯ʿγвɣ
һڴϸǸʦƵķڣȻɫһ䣬óڶõĲϣҶơ
δ룬Щϡ


1209 
ŶŲرĲϣԺӲĲϣϰˡ
Ŷоȥ㲻ƹţҲ㡭
Ŷ
ַӦ˹ס壬ڶűƵĿܣЩĲϣ͸
ˣ˵ֵܹ컯
δ룬ڵΣ
֪Ūһԡæȥɣһ֪ͨ㡣ˣ컯ܵĵط𣿡
УһַڡֻҪʯԹܹǿεܡ˵ǾŴţһЩҲһ
ǾͺãʱȥԾ֪ڵˡ
һºɽ綼ŴŸԿʼѾ´ﵽײ㣬ɽʿʼᣬž߼ᡣһգһֱĳ˰ٸɣھͲҹδ̻ˡȻҲؼһڵΣҹδƵķϡ
ʵЩӣҹδҲûţһֱڷܺ͸ϵķƣÿһθ֮󣬻ռ˷ŴΣĿǰܹƳǿķ󣬶Ǿռġ
ôһԾ֪ˡ
ҹδ뿪ʼһϿ̻ƣռڲ֪̻˶ٴΣҹδٶȼ죬һʱ䣬һֻڡоϢܿоͷ˹ŷҹδǰǸڣûɵľ;Լϲˡϵķ̫ˣ˸оһֵȻĸовɴ󶯡ķڣӦúɣ
оҹδ㽫ߣȥԡ
ã
һ£ռڵƽʿ׷׸ϻ㻹ûлҲˡԣĿǰڳڵƽʿŰʮŸʿİʮ϶ˡҲ֪ҹδһֽڵĶԣ˵ҹδҪڣЩ˱㶼ˡ
ںɽһططҹδȻǺʱ򣬾ͼڷһǽڰĶʱҲûʡ֪ڡʱǰĵӶѾߣֻҹδЩϡҹδ룬ֵǺ󣬽ɽȵиˣɽ۷ʲô˶ҲʶҲ̽鲻
ҹδվɽУڣȡ˷ڡȻڷϰװƷʯ˼ϣڿڶ׼ڣʶ˷ڡ
ˡ
ռ𶯣ϵƷʯۿɼٶȻΪ˷ĩƮɢƷʯҲֻ˽ãصһ˲ػڷУǷڵǰڿȻ
䡭
һҫĿĹӷڿм˴ȴ֣ϡϵɫر仯ձ˽ɫ
ڽٸƽʿİٶʿĿɿڴڱɽɫ˵ڵѾﵽ컯ʿܡЩĿⲻ˿ŷڵҹδıӰϡ
ɷ֮ʥ
ֲó֮Ϊʥ
ʥһ򵥵ģ
ĸţû컯ʿֻҪһʥǱǳŰ
ʥߣ֮
֮ǰЩʿǸʱҹδ룬һϵΪΪƷϣռһɽ岻ҹδһ·ͻƵƽ磬ֲʧ࣬˲Ϊҹδ벻컯ûʸƷϵȨֵǣǱչأȻλýҹδ롣
ⲻǿЦ
ƾʲô
оЩ֪ƽʿѹЩ
ڣ
Щʧˡ
Ϊʲô飬ҹδƷϵȨռһ塣
һ£ڿ˰˰ŷڵӡҹδ˰ŷڡ˵ҹδƽˣһϵ˭ָҲ
ʱѵ֪һʥ߶һŵҪԡ
δ롭оҹδһֱûжɿ첽ǰôˣ
ҹδ΢΢üͷڼڵķ컯صı壬ԿڲϵغǶʿͲˡʱҲΧ˹ҹδüͷһɵ
ѵڻ覴ã
λҹδϣڵڷǿ
ɫһоæڵͷŶٴΣ
ңһֱͷȥû⡣


1210 
оɫһɣ֪ҹδѾƽأΪҹδֻƽڡЦ
ǾûˣܹһֱͷȥٸƽȻҲԡ
ǡУҹδ̾ϢһʱҲ޷ԼǹֵܹͷʮΣʮΡ
ôܣо㵣ܡ
ҹδεҵı컯硣

ɽһƬž죬оʵģ
ģ
˻ɽڵԪһӱЩиˡʱǵжҹδûһ˿Ĳˡϸ룬ҹδıﵽ컯ԪҲضﵽ컯ԪҲﵽ컯ھͲĸˡҲһ׼컯ˡ
˱Ʒϣ컯мչص£Ǵο˼һһɷ֮ʥ
оҲˣΪʲôǸȫ뿪ɽ磬ȻŽҹδ롣һ׼컯һɷ֮ʥһֱŵҲˡҹδ뽫ڵݸо
Ҷһ°ɣ
ã
оӹ˷ڣԣƽУÿ˵ľҲǲһģҹδ˵ƽܹʮڣһġȻЩʿÿ˷һڣܹԼܹŶٴΡ
䡭
ɽڣס𣬵Ǻķӡ£ûдȥһһسԣƽ֮£磬ȫ꣬ó˽ۡҹδ֮ǰƽͲεĴҲ˵ƽʿܹͷʮΣʿܹͷΡͱоܹͷʮΡȻҪһʱʱָ
Ҳ㹻˰
ЩʿҲٶ࣬ٶһ컯𣬹Ǹ컯ʣ¡
δ룡о£ǵķˡ
ҹδЦǻǳ䲻ĺáһ̣ǲͷŷڡôҲú컯
ԶԶԣ˴Ц
Ц価ұһһһ
ҾøտʼʱǳһŷھͿˡһŷһ컯𣬾ܹɱһ컯
ԣ巴Ӧ˶ԲߵʱӵţȻţİţܹɱ컯һη壬Ϊǲ֪ܹһóŷڡ
ϧˣϵҲܹͷŷھͺˡ˰ŷ䣬ܹɵˡ
˰ŷڣǳԺ󲻾ɽһ𣿶ˣδ룬ڱо𣿡
ҹδܣֻҪǲȥҪоҪһЩʱ䡣ջܹоġ
Ǿûɶ˼˰
ҹδҡͷڲܵġֻһŷڵĻһ컯ǶһвҲ󡣲컯컯ֵܹڵܡ磬ֵˣҲܹ㡣ϾڵͷҪʱ䡣ȻǼʮţϰŷڣ컯ҲѵֵͶ
ǣڵۿɲ͡ҪϰŷȥΧɱһʿôףڻǻΪػŵˡ
о˵ҲܹΪŵ
ɫһ㡣
԰
ͱڣŰ˰ŷȥһţǾŴŵĳţ˰ŷһڵĻԷĻڴܹס
һȥԷŵĻڴ͸˰ɣ
ԼƲⲻҹδ밡ʦӦܹƲɣ
Щ˵ĿⲻɻҹδϣҹδҲ˼ȻȥЩʦ󣬿ǵĵȻǴʦ󡣾֪ŴУڵĻڴȼߣ֮ʥĻڴΪɽڲڣɽΨһһ֮ʥǲڵʿ˸ţڼϳڣܹŵĻڴǴʦֻʣ¹ںͰ׹ڵŻڴʦġ
ԭҲʦ󣬳ô˵أ
ڵЩ̫ƥţǳÿʿսرǿžǳսţ֮ͬУ˵ڵʿ޵УȴҲռϲռ䡣ۺʵǾͲˣҲǽڹںͰ׹ڵǰ棬ھŴУλеߵģ
˵ʿͬսǿ
ԣ
Ǻö˱ضĿ죬öҲض˶ࡣԣȻڵʿ֮ͬսǿ󣬵Ǳžߵʿడϵһ¾Ͳ˵ˣ۾˵֮ϡʿӵе̫ЩţƽʿҲЩŶ࣬컯ʿҲˡҲ˵ͬʿܴ򣬵Ǳŵͬʿڶࡣ
ˣ˼ҿƽ磬컯ƽ硣컯֮ıƴ˼컯ľҲȳڸߡЩУ˹ںͰ׹ڣʣ컯ڵʿȳڶ࣬ô˵ɣκһʿȳڶࡣ˼컯ڴ컯ڣ컯ڴ컯ڡǽά


1211 ƻ
ôƣ
ԣۺʵƽֻܹڵߡһ룬֮ǰ˼ĻڴǴʦ˵˼ʦֻгڣڣͰ׹ûСڴʦǣ˼ҹںͰ׹λüΪնȻϡҪڱⷽ棬ڷġҲǳʿܴ򣬻óȥܹͦھŴ֮С
Ҳҹδڳͻóڼһ
óڵĻڴΪ˴ʦⷽ治һ̰塣˲⣬Ѿƽˡ֮ǰǰˡ
֮ǰĳĻЩŵģһʦĻڴеֻҪ컯ʿܹ󡣲˵ŴŶԳ˼ڣԲ󡣵컯͵͵ǱɱһͨȻأ
ԣһֱսսÿ춼̶컯ʿֵ࣬ܡǣԴҹδ뽫ڴʥΪʦ𣬳ڱһӷ
Ҫ˵컯ʿһܹʦڴôҪʮ컯ʿһܹƴʦĻڴ
ʮ컯ʿ͵͵Ǳڴǰóڷ֣浱ڵ컯ʿǰ
ǰ֪
ԣڲЩȻɲ˼Ҳڣ˼ҲڿʥڴʥڴǿˡϣҪһٸ컯ʿһܹĶȥһٸ컯ʿ֣
ԣ˼ҲڸͲҪƽʱܣ
ʥʥзʥ̫еʥ
Ŷ̫ڻһʥ
ſڸ߽ʿġڲʮ˸컯жʮ컯ԣҹδɾɷ֮ʥ󣬳ڿ֮һ
һڣ컯ʿ࣬Ȼûʥڵĸ棬ŴʦҲֹһۺʵǿ
ڶ̫ڣ컯ʿʮһһʥһʥҲŴʦ
£컯ʿʮһֻһʥɵɷҲŴʦ
ĵǲڣ컯ʿʮŸһʥɵɷŴʦ
ıڵĳڡ컯ʿʮ˸ҹδʥһʦʦɵʦνһ˵Ӳؽڰε˾ŴŵĵСΪҹδı֣ҲһʦһʦһɷʦٳһɵʦԳʿսǿԼڣλеС
ؼҹδĴб֣ڼǧʱ䣬˵ͻָĴʦٳһʥĻںܼܿ£ռݵСǻΪôͺܿټ̫ڣλеڶС
ԣҹδĸ澳磬ܹڷںһ׼ƲġǾ߱컯ʿܣҲֻǾ߱컯ڣҹδҲ׼ô࣬ҪŷΧһ컯пնɱԷԣʮ컯ʿ֣ܹʦĻڴʮŷڲٵһŷڡԼĹ˵֮ڳһƬž룬㶼ҡͷ
ޣǲȥôķںŵġҹδԣֻҪǵķ֮ʱ䣬ŴŵţӦҲ඼ܹƳ˷ھˡ
ʱ䣬ڿȥ
ܵġ
ʲôʱڣ
ײսʱڡʱڣڸҿŷȥţȥںͰ׹ڣŵΧˡǸʱ򣬱ŷڣҲס֣ڵĸ𲻿ɱ⡣֮󣬸Ҳ˷ڣҲֻ𵽱ŵˡҾŴűضƶڳ˱ţ׼ãɽΧˡ
˱Ҳ˲кʵʵ뷨Ȼо͸ЩڣӦûʲôˡ
ڽӣƽָֻ֮ǰģýռĽռ䣬ôռģչءҹδһֱڣȻֻʣ˿ƷƣҲҪʱ䡣
󣬳ڸĻϵʿˡһգоҹδңȴҹδһŷڣſڵ
δ룬Ҳ֮ܽϵʿȥǱ߶ԳߵĹһٽ˳ɱɽ磬һľǳڡ


1212 Ի
ҹδ˼ʲô
ǳΪƹܵźͼ壬ټɢޣѾжʮƽ磬ǧʿҲŵʿԣֻܹŵʿƿءֻ˼ƽ磬Ѿоʮһƽʿ硣ˣپʮշڡȥǱһ룬һ룬Σ
ҹδ룬ҡҡͷףҴǱ߻Ǳߵ鱨ǱҪܹٻҪһʮϡҾǰ߻гѹҪƳҲǶʱܹƵġǷӦʱ䣬ҲǵķӦʱ䡣
ȣһܹôƣǲ֪ܲǻϻҲʱ᳤һЩԻϻΣɽķߣڲԶķһǻҲһӵ顣һӵʱ䣬ֹƳĻ𣿡
Уоɫʮϵ컯Ȼÿ컯ƷɱֹڰӦÿԺ俪ѹ
ҹδ벻ĬȻʮһƽʮŸʿɡڳڴ컯˵ǰ㣬÷ڹ˵ܹ䲻Ⱥ컯ûкҲΪȡʱ䣬ټϳǺӦ㹻ʱ䣬ҴǻʱǽҪսɽķϡܹɱһЩ컯ǾͿԳһЩƽˡ
ҲãһЩϸڣоȥҹδڡ
ֹȥһ꣬ҹδһŷڡڷַŵƽʿǣûҹδ֮ǰκ˲й¶ڵϢʿ֪ڵҪԣ׷׵ͷ
ڳķƽڴʿٻ硣ٻʮƽʮһ磬ػڳڴоƽǰɽߡ
βΪһǺһһ
ҹδûʱţûǰߣڵɽʦĴ񱮡ԺսԽԽңܹŵĵĵʿسɳսĺڣϵǿʿʵҪ֪ǵ󣬶ʿʵһǿֶΡ
ʱ䣬ҹδͽʦĴбϡȻʼʦɵʦ
ûռĸֻܹƾԼĿ๦
ҹδϵʱˣײʱڣ˴ĺϣԣڵܺһ쳵ϣÿʱÿ̶ȱϣ֮Ĳҩӻ
ˣҹδҲһʱ䣬ԼƳʦĵҩҪ֪ڷʳĿǺϣٱҲ൱һʱ䣬൱ʱ䡣ƳʦҩֻƷһ
ʦҩһ¯ʮţƳʮŵҩˣֻƷµĶǷϵ
ֹȥһ꣬ҹδƳһ¯ʮƷҩǴƷҩƷҩȴҹδʱ䡣ƷҩƷҩΪʮһʱ䡣ʱ򣬷ǱߵѾʼͻϢ֪弯òˣҲʱ䣬ͻῪսȻҲ΢Ŀܣ̾Ϳս
ҹδ벻òǰߣʰõһУ˷ߡʱķѾһƬ¡ҷϵʿ̬ȶΪǶ֪Ϊֹϣûһ컯ʿ
ǲûмʶĲ񣬾ûвμӹǰսҲ˵ս˵ʮ˸컯ˣҲҪʮһҲûʱ巢η
ǿɲΪԼܹס컯Ĺͷʦʮ컯ʿһ˵׽ߵ󷨺飬ǲ̫ܣΪ̫ˡǺһȱȫûġһȱھѾ㹻˰
ʮ컯ʿȱɱ˭ס
Ϊֵܹ
˴ҲһֱעųߣҪǳ֮ʵûб仯Ҳǵİ̽Ϣÿ춼ڴݹȥ˸Իǣˣڵȳڵ컯ʿûһ֡


1213 Ĳ
վڷǽϣоҹδʶδ룬˵Ҫһʱ䣬Ѿȥʮˣʮ꣬ܵס𣿡
ҹδ봫ʦ֣Ҳ̫˽սǰμӹ𣿡
ţ
һ컯ַ𹥻𣿡
ǵûУҲμӹܶײ֮սˡһĳģǱ߷սҵǴΪͿʼ
ΪͿʼҹδüͷһɣҪǴӴ徳ʼսһȥȴ컯ܹȥü꣬ʮɣ
Ӵ徳
ʲôأоһۣ㿴ǷΪ͵ʿʲôΪ
ҹδɨһۣܵ
ԣߵʿΪҲܵܵһ£ûӴκá
ҹδ벻һüͷܵʱͲˡ
ôȷÿȶٳ
ûо峡ΡֻҪ˫û磬ͻһֱȥľ飬ÿ£ꡣδ룬Ҫ֪ΪԽ͵ʿսԽ졣ܵҲһʱ˫ʿֳܹˣ˺˵սսֻһˣܹһ
ܵʿĺܿ죬ʿͻһЩ컯ʿ֮ľ֪ܴꡣΪͷ۵ıû컯ʿ
Ǿһһɡҹδ˼컯ʱ߲սǲǾͻῪʼˣ
ԣ컯Ҳ̳֣컯һµʿ˫ĥԷʵܹͨ嵽ʮ꣬Ȼ컯ʿ֡
ô֣
֣оɫֽߺһȱڣȻɱ֮ǰ컯ʿֵʱǵ컯ʿҲ߳󷨣ֺ컯භ컯лǵķߡսУҲֻһα俪һȱڣµսǶûиᡣǣû컯ʿȥ塣
⡣
ҹδüëһ컯俪ȱڣ컯ȹ棬ָ
Ȼ컯尡״ȱڣúԴԴϵسоͻȻͣ۾ҹδ룬ҹδҲˣ֪뵽һ飬ǺǺǵЦ
ΧʿڷʿվǺЦһж
ɵû컯򣬻ɵЦ
оʱںҹδʶδ룬ǲŪŷڣ׼ȱڣЩ컯ȱʱ򣬺䡭
ԣǶһŸɴҲеķڼһȥܹ컯ɣ
пܣǺǺǡ
߰ɣǰ˵һ
оڣһ´ȥһжɣֻղãһʿҲ˽ۡ
ڵ컯ǰô
ʲô컯ʿٶȣҲͲһʱʱ䣬ܹϹֲܹտʼ϶ǵǸʱҲ١
˵Ҳǡ
֮ϵղЩʿҲδڵ컯Դϻ㰲
ʱһȥҹδߵĵһ󣬾ûٳ֣ԼĶУ濴ţԼǽ뵽ڣֹȥ꣬ҹδƳһżƷƷҪ̵ʱաͻȻ񣬱ӱڳ˲붨ش֮С
̶ʱ䣬붨˹һΪƽԲһͿΪͻ컯ܶˡ
ӵźܴƣԪﵽ컯أԪҲﵽ컯أⶼΪԪֿϣԪϵѾﵽһʮһÿһϣףԪľҲԶΪͻ컯Ѿ˾ųɵϣ
߾ǶشֻҪ컯컯
Ǿһأʿ˵ǵҹδ뼸оųϣ컯Ҳ֪ʱܹ롣Ҳһ˲䣬ҲҪ꣬ʮ꣬á
ҹδһоԼɵʦ磬ҲܹƳļƷҲ϶ͻ컯εĴͨڶϸϸ˼Լʲô
ЩϴͨˣΪӴͨл˺ôһЩ⣬ͨΪУҪáһ뵽ĻǴͨ


1214 ս

ڷͲˣɷ֮ʥˣ滹о磬ĻἫΪãҪߵԺޱȵĻԵܹġ
ȻĿǰǴʦ֮ҪͻƵʥĺѡҲʣˡ
Ҳһɵʦɵʦڶ֡Ҫʼʦ֮ͱ뽫ҩƵƷ
򵽴ʦ֮Ҫʱ䲻̡ΪռﲻæҪʱͲҩԼȥҩǲȱȻʱҲȱԪ˼ǣԼɵʦʦ죬ǽӴʦʥ졣
Ͼ棬ռ䶼ܹæ
ǾɣܾãռæҪ뵽ʥҲǳѡܹ뵽ɽɽнռĸܹڼ̵ʱڣͻƵʥʦ
ⲻܣڲܡ
Ǿͼɡ
ҹδֱչˣαչزһ꣬㱻ѡҹδӱгȻ߳оվ档
δ룬忪ʼսˡ
ҹδɫһ࣬Ļˣ
ߣȥӰɡ
˷ϣŷ濴ȥѹѹһƬӪ̣һߡֻ岢ûдѹϣֻվӪǱߣ߲t߲ڰ֮⡣˫ʿǰһжܹ
ʱڷ⣬վһʿܵΪս
ҹδһ£ʦ֣սˣи컯˵䣿
ûУоҡͷÿζˡûģֻʵġôʵʵľϣͨԷʿ״ȥδ룬Сսһֱôȥܵ䵽һֱ䣬Ԫϵ磬ƽ磬õǸʱ廹жٵֿ
ÿʿʮܣܹӳٳɣ
Һ˵ɶӲ
뵱ΨһһαƵķߣΪЩӮ٣̫ˡ
ţҹδͷַʽҲ岻ע⵽û컯
оҲ¶Цݡ
ʦ֣ôţ
ðţܻ˳ȥˡֲûƢҲûҫ֮ġſɡ
Ҫһֱû˳ȥأ
ͻỻһȻǻֱ컯ȻͿʼܹʵսһԷʿĹ̡Уʤ٣ܿ嶼ᷢսȥ
ҹδͷǾ͵Ȱɡ
оЦδ룬ҪǳڵܵһʼͳȥġЩɢޣļʿ֡ʿҲһĻᣬһĻᡣҪǣսǳӣżߵĽԣֻҪһ˫յĻᡣ΢ŵˣᲫһΡ
ţ
Ȼܿһʿ˷ߣǸܵһ𡣾һʼʿ߾·磬ҹδ־ʿܵʿܹܵռơˣˣͨˣȫѹơ
ʿľͬȴΪˣʿ·磬սƺҲЩסӵʱ䣬ͱԷնɱ
ǸЦȥûΪشҶ֪ǸҪսԳˣսҲöԷȥó֡ǵڶεĳҪȵһ΢һҲֻ΢һ̶ӵʱ䣬ߵʿ㱻ʿնɱ
ʿնɱܡϵʿܵһ˿ţʿҲһ˿䡣
ʱ߳һʿʿһַǳ׵ĸоΪ̫Сˡ

Сһ٪壬߲һףһ׳ʵһֻ֣Ҫһ磬Ͱ˵ĸо
ȻΣҲʮ־޴󣬳׵ߣǸʿվǰͬһӤ
ǣҹδʵ
һ֪оЦԭƽʿǲ֪һܵʿģܵʿǾŴŵľ콾оȴ֪
Ҳһˣɽ翴ô٪𣿡
ûУҹδҡͷ
ΪұʿͻܵʱҲ塣ڷ˵ʱһ٪壬ͻܵһ̣ǿԽԼܵġƫƫûС
Ϊˣ
ǰֱɽһݣһ෹̸Ҳ˵ģԲӡ󡣡
ʵΣ


1215 
Ͳ֪ˡоҡͷֻǵЦ̸˭ս
ҹδͷҲںʱҹδˣҲֻЦһЦʡ
Ŀ˷⣬ʿѾս
ҹδ뿴٪ɫһ㣬ʹõľȻǷ롣뵱ҹδҲʹù룬ǺܾúܾǰˣСʱ򡣶ͨ£붼Ů޵רȴû뵽һ޵Ͽʹ롣˵һСˣŮװһŮޡ
ԣ
ŮҲûôġ
ʿȴʮֻÿǸʿʹ䵶䵶ڿͬ£ײײܼĻ𻨡Ѥ
٪ķʮ֮࣬·Ĺâͬһߡ
ʿʩͨҲϵر任Ȼһ֡÷ϵʿɾһ񣬵ʿ΢
ʱƣҶܹʿʼռһ˿Ϸ硣Ȼֻһ˿ռƵĿʼøոܵʿʿٴοʼ䡣
ҹδ뿴һȷΪ٪ʿڵ⡣ֻһϵĲ죬ȻͶԷͬڼУ¶˲֮
٪岻ıԼͺòɼһ־Ϊǿʿһˡ£ûзӴ˹ȡöʿϲԷˣض¶ֻһ˿Ѿ㹻ˡ
Уʿ䵶رƽ٪壬٪һķ˲ۣ۳䵶ҵײ
ҹδ벻һüͷʹ֪Ʊڿܼ񽫷۳ɽ̱ܳʿó˵ˣóʹʲô룿
ֱ
Ҫ֪۵ĽɲĽ
ҹδ뵣ܡ
һԵоҲüͷһŵܵʿˣֻһͼӿ˽̣޷ﵽʱĿġ
ҹδҲΣʿûа취ʱ򣬸Ϊʿйǣʿʹ룬Ȼ¶һöԷʹ䵶翳һֱֱۣŵ䡣٪ԵĻαˣʿǳʤ׷
Ȼ󡭡
Ǹʿ׷ĹУԽ٪ֱ۵˲䣬նϵֱ۱ˡ
̻ͬһ㣬ǲ̻ܼķ롣
Ҳݡ
оɱ˴ֿڣʱκһʿܹ٪ϵֱ۸Ͳֱۣķ۶ɵֱۡƽʱȻαװúֱһģһ
໡
ʿ屻ͬɸһͬ׶ѪѪ䵶Ҳ˵ϡ
ۡ
һնǸ壬һԴ
ˡ
һʬкڿ˼£ϵѪȻ٪ʿļۣܿͱһֱۣȻͨע£ͱһֱһģһʿ˷ɽķ룬ʩʩȻط˹
ӪӪһƬž
ҹδоһۣЩЦáô˵ԼӮһȻӮòôʣҲӮˡʿֻͣҲûжٻΪһӮĲǿ¡
ܹȶʿľڽľУûһߵʼʤиˡԭҹδ׼һ죬Ͳˣܵˣ֮ϻлȵƽʱԼٳҲ١
ǿһ֮ҹδıˡֹۿЩܵʿľԼȻҲܹȻֻһ˿˿ƭˡ
Ϊλˣ
ԼѾƽԲֻܵԼľԶ
Ȼ뵽˵뵱ڵϵʱԼǴͼķʼҲȷʵеõ򡣺ƷУǴͼʼԼʵĵط
Ҳˡ
ԼĻҲȫ
һ£ҹδ˷ܵʼҲԼͻ컯Ÿ˵ͻأ
һҹδ˷ϡ˫ľǲְҹģһֱСһ̻ˣһʼҹδϥ˷ϣһʳһƺϡһ߿һ߽ش̶һ


1216 ȫ
һαһȥһٳʤϸ˫ʤ࣬˫ƶûе䣬ӿܡ
һ꣬ɢܵڳսҲֻǻ˼ܵʿսԶδʿս͸ʿˡ
ҹδڸоԼܵѾʮֺʵˣΪݺʵ֮Լȷʵõ˺ôԼһЩȻ࣬ȷʵˡԶδ컯ԣʼܵܣȥ۶֮µľ磬£ףҲľӵĺʵ
һӶ̶̵ǧ꣬һֱڲϵԼѵõػһϾʱ䣬һвϵؾṩ򣬾Ҫڵĵһ㡣ԣҲϡʱ䡣
ֹȥ˰꣬ҹδгˣΪҲˣδйĺʵ컯Ҳһ˿ģķҪͨҪʿɱˣɱѾʧȥЧ
ҹδվһֱעҹδо̴˹δ룬ڸʲôⶼһˡ
򰡣ҹδЩĪ
ǣоҪĪܵʿɱʲô
ͨҹδһ£Ȼ͵ĹУȻҲսжսּʶɣ
ڲͬʿڣ֮ɱŸԶֻ۸ɣƴսչֳÿһʿȫǱѵõһᰡ
оɫһ㣺򣿡
ȻˡһϾžԣôʿɱľǿ֮ǰĵطҲһִͨұȵֱӣϾйصͨʿĹУȫسǰ
ʲô
ֱӵûʲôǻĽһʵǸ׵Ͻ֮УֻһЧֱЧһ⸨£һ˿컯򡣡
ģоȻ۾
Ȼġҹδƭʲô
о˷ҵøЩˣǱʧλᡣ
оʼܣϢ͸һƽʿƽʿһ͸ڵ磬ٸߺϵʱ䣬гڵʿʼۿսϵɱԼ໥ӡ֤ڼҲ໥
Ҵ¹ȥڿʼʿ֮ɱҹδ£Ҳڿʼµܺ
ɱ˸࣬ҳʱҲҹδ̷һƺϣٴν뵽֮ܺС
ҹδ޲ôøһЩ˲ܹĥߴʱ䡣ȻŷڣڷϾİٶŷڣֻ϶컯ܹ˺ʵ˭Ҳ֪Ȼǻҹδ뿴ǴӦڱضҲδطģҲܹǰ
Ѿȥʮ꣬ʮ꣬һˡ߻ܹϸʮ꣬ǰʮʮ꣬ⲻһоͶˣ
Ŀ
ҹδԭ͸ߣ֮־˿ļӳɣԾ͸ˣַʳ˺ϣڵΪҲߣԪֿʼϣͨٶȷǳ졣
οڵĸ涼׿гЧķǳ죬Ҳǳ˿ʿһӾ͸󿴵˱ʣǰŻȻ֮ơؼǸɶУսûƴҲʮܼһһ̿ʼҹδĸ߶ȣǲϵشͨԼеЩʵĵطѸٵĺʵ
ǽһʱ䣬ҹδȫʵ磬ûȥıҪڵѾﵽȻ컯һ˿˿ҪɱѾû˴ͨЧҪԺʱޡԣǴؿսˡ
һսǳڵʿһʿľǳڵڶֵġһֵİˡһֵʿսҲҪˡ
ҹδ¶һ˿Цݣ˳ڵʿռϷ硣ڲɽ磬սǳǿһţ֮ǰǸʿҲöˡʿѹŶǸ塣Ȼ䣬ս
·һɱ¾Ŀռ䣬վԶԶķϣùۿʿĵɱ¾ĵУǸͬɰ紵ɢһɢˡ


1217 
ҹδ۾һʿ˵һ콾ȻĻǳһӡ
ǸʿϻŵЦݣתŷ߷˹ҹδ룬֣
Ǹʿҹδǰʩݼҹϡ
ʦ𣿡
֮ôʣΪӲӦڳţЩɽ塣ЩɽеһǾױΪ˵ӡʦضЩԣҹδֱûʦ
Ǹӵͷӵʦϯ
ҹδһ£ʶʮƷϵɽ壬пƽʿҲʿ˼ѾʦˣԼͲˡ룬ȡһ񣬼ӱһе񣬵ݸ
͸ɡ
ʿϲӹʩʤлҹϡ
ҹδͷȻȥʤֹʩһȥʿΧ˹
ʦ֣ҹ͸ʲô
һ񡣡
˲ɴΪĽǿҹĵ񰡡ҹɷ֮ʥ˼ĵ񣬿϶ԡ
ʤҡͷȲˡѾǣۿܹǴͨҵҲֻܹεսٿΡȵϵΣǾͿˡԣϧڰɡ
ǳڵһʿҲһʿ
ʿһ֣ҹδüͷͲʿЩˡʱоҲܽҹδվһ𣬿״Ҳ΢΢ü
̫ˡ
ǰҹδҲͷ־ҪԳΪܼӦò
ҲҪԷһֲɡ
˶΢̾һִҲǲУܹԷһֲնɱǾǺõսﲻĿģִһʼıȶԷһȥͻת
ֻǿϢʱ䣬ֲס΢΢ҡͷʿûбңȴ򣬳ǸΣˡ
ʵҲȷʵˣһʱʿʼռϷ磬Ȼֻһ˿Ϸ磬תĿʼڵʿڲټˡʵϣҲˡʼҪһ˿ƣʼȴ򣬵ʿȴץסһ˿Ʋš
˰գʿûһ˿ƣǳʿҲûаһ˿ơֶ˰գʿʼˡΪʿģЩˡ
ʿҪҹδ
ţ
оҲһʶȻһ㴫ȥʿȻȻǿǸʿնɱоѡ
һһĽУ˫˭Ҳûѹ˭һͷҾѾ˻⼸Уϵʿṩ˳ԴȻֵõ˳ڵѣۿͨǱԸߵˣʼͻˡʿ񣬷ǱʿȴŻ䣬Ȼھĳϣ岢ûѹ塣
Ҳ֣Щ컯ֹһβμӹսսУȻҲʿͻƣûôߵƵʰ
˵ǣҹδЩƽ綼ջȻͻ컯Ƕظ֪һ˿
ĲףǸ֪컯ס˾ųɾŵƽʿ
¿ͷѡ
ͻ컯ѾҲʼմһã״̬һ˷򣬳ǸŬˡ
رҹδ룬ĻԭͱȱرϽ뵽֮СѾĸ֪ģؿ˷
ڹۿʿеһǳڵĻԲԷҲһ廯Բʿڵʿһޣһ̳ԴԴϣͬبŶǽݺᣬûоͷ·ܹһֱͷŵĵϡ
ǽ֮УƵ
Էһ壬ſӲӵһֻͻ滢һ㣬ඥأſԴԴϵصҺ¡¡ʿƽ
ԭȴǾ޴Ľ𻢲ϵرƽʿǳʿȴ˿޾ĵɱԭеĹģŽ𻢹ûмҲû
ǳҹδ۾һ
ҲӴֻûйȥ򡣳ߵľ޾֮·޴ڣûоͷԴԴϣͬ١
ʿʱſһ£³һֻ𻢣籩أųʿ¡¡
ʿһӭ𻢡
𺳵ǣûΪС֮ǰһÿһӶ֮ǰֻһһС


1218 
ʿüͷΪ硣ֻֻܹ𻢣ļڡĿһͲŶԷʿܹٴηһ֮ǰһܵĵ
𡭡
һХ³һֻ𻢣ųʿ¡¡ʿһ
νȻǶģӶֻ𻢣ʣһնǸʿ
죬ڶ˲佫ǸƵ˾ѾͷԼļͨĹ󣬷ӦҲһ˿ֻһ˿޾Ľʹ͸塣
飡
ӳˢɳڱ֮󣬱ӳˢɢ
ʿսתʩʩȻء
䡭
ĻҹδоҲֳЦݡĿǰΪֹܵľ΢ռϷ硣ʱѾȥ࣬ڵİֻ֮ʮꡣ
Ǳߺ侲ֻϻʿǿ̫ˡǲҪޣҪֻһɱʿϵһɱ¾ջʿʿȻƷߣǸʱе嶼ԼѪʳ
ڼʮ󣬾뵽ϵ硣ҹδоˣֿʼһ߿һߴͨˡ
ת˲ȥҹδ˶ںϵʿĴͨʱ컯ѾİѾţֻѾģֻǾźԶľ롣ֻܹȴҪľǲϵؽӽţȡվǰ
ϵʿľʱܵʿ֮ľһӾܹϵʿ֮ľһ춼δܹȴܹʿչԼһУҹδ˵Ȼһãܹгʱȥ۲죬ȥͨ
Ǵɢ޿ʼȻǼ壬СţǳڡԣһʼʤĴ࣬мǻʿʤĴ࣬кһƽֵľ档
κϵľͬ
ҹδȻ컯Ĵţȴû˿ˣܳءΪϵľ·磬Ҽѹ̫ˣҲ̫ˡһͺܴˡߵʱڼ䡣
о̾Ϣһδ룬ɡ
ϰɣҹδҲΣȻʱ䣬ҲʿӴʡ
ȥľĲΡҹδҲЩϵ̫ܵ죬û϶ʱ䡣ҲʣƽˡһƽβǾսĿʼˡΪû컯
˼ҹδɫԻȻûȡ̫ƣĿǰռһ˿ơ
ţ
ҹδɫһ㣬ֳ˵ģΪ߷ɳȥԼĴž䡣
εľҲǴӳڿʼȻڣǺڡ˫򡣶žھڣһֻء
ܿ죬˫Ͷһҹδֻǿ˼ۣһľͷˡžȻֻأǵۺԪ⣬رǶͨӦãᣬѹŴ
֪ǴǸͼռЧܹݻͨžͬ׼ûж֣ǶϱԼߵˣҲܹԾս
ⳡսĺܿ죬ʱ䣬žնɱ˶֣һз˷ߡ
ҲˣȻɱ˶֣Ǳ̧ġųڣҽλ⡣
ľϵ췭ظҵĳ̶Ҳرÿһ˫˵мսˡ˫Ҫÿһ磬˫ʹ
ʮҹδ̾Ϣһоʶʦ֣ǳڵʿô죿ǿǷ֣ÿһһŷڡ
оҲüͷǣŵʿʿ淴ǰ뵽ƽεľ޷ʱ䣬Ҳͬ⣬òŵƽʿ

ҹδҲǴһӣһ޽⡣ʱɣƽʿԼŵʿҶ壬û˭˭һƽ磬һڡ
ѷڽʿ
ǲܣ
ܹԼãҪжá
ǣҪƽʿǾҪʧȥʱ䣬ܾսҲҹδûеסڵûģսļ飬ûĶԿ컯ʿ
û컯ʿֶսĿա


1219 ӹ
ӹ̣
ҹδĿһӹ̳ˡվ̫Žڣҽ֮ǰˣȻ˹ʵŶϲ㣬ˡͮҰ۾ͨ죬ȴûг֣Ϊ֪ԼȷӹҲǿ˶١
ʦ֣ȥˡĿǰ˵ŵƽá
ô죿
ǰƽ磡
ǡƽʿҲɻʧڡŵʿոճû˾ͽƽ磬ʿǳ¡ǿнƽ硣ʱЩżɢƽ磬ҲͲսֻǳڵʿս
˭Ҳóսҳս
սоһ
ԣƽûж֣һսóڵƽʿ׼ʱ׼ܾսԷ컯У˻ţµһٸƽ綼йٶŷڣܲһӶɱ컯ҹ۲ˡ컯Ҳֻ࣬жʮһǸɵ˵תûҵֿ֮ǰҲֹͣʱĻᡣ
ŵһٸƽҲйһųǱߣ
˻ȥһ£Ǳûнļ󣬾ȹߺܿͻܾսǼһΣĿľǽܺɱԷ塣һ֮󣬾ǻȥʱǳ̣¡
ãо˼Ƭ̣ͷͰȥʲôʱ³
ҹδ뿴һսڼʿһ
ţоͷ̷Ըһƽ緵šֽҹδ´ŵƽʿЩƽʿһӾͽҲ˷ܡϾҪɱ컯
һУоصҹδߣսһ˫ƾУʱܳȳǱߵһٸЯڵʿûнִҹʿնɱʿҲˣԷ˻ȥʿڵȴߵʿؾˣķˣķȳǸķһȫǷľ硣
ҹδˣ
һƬȻҶ֪ҹδߵͳ졣ƽʿ
ϵʿΪҹδһƽڣǶ֪ҹδսһǣǴսлһ⡣սѾ൱ƽڣԲˡ
Ҫʲô
ҹδҪʲô
ֱӽƽ֮սε
ҹδ֮أ
컯֮ս
ǣû컯
ֻߵʿ£ǱҲ¡׼巢սȻʿϸ˽⣬ȻΪ͵ĲҪ˽⣬綼û̫ϸ˽⣬Ƕƽ컯꾡˽⡣
ǵϣҹδһƽڴʿսӦôﵽƽڣٵĿԴﵽƽԲ
ΪʲôͻȻľƽս
һӰսôߣ
ʲôƣ
Ѿϣҹδ붼վսϣȻܲսһƽڱ˳ʿƽһ֣ΪƽԲսǿʿ򲻹ҹδ룬Ҳܹ̽ҹδʵǿǶҹδ뻹ǺİģϾǵϣûҹδ뽻֡ǲҪⳡɱҹδ룬ֻҪҹδĵϸڷܹʱ򣬵ʱ֪˭ȥɱҹδ롣
ǴûҹδնҲûдҹδնĻᣬҹδϸ֮նɱҹδ롣
ԷԼ߷ҹδУͷһ
һǣǽҲûͷǳ⡣òͨһ̲һԪ⡣
ʵϵҹδ磬ʲôͨһ
ͨһһ̲⣬Ǿͱòͨҹδ֮ûͷǳ⣬Ϊû֪ǳ⣬ҽǳ򵽴ɾ硣뵱ںͰһǶսʱһֱûͷǳ⣬ǵƣȻͷšͷһԪ⣬ΪһԪںͰһǾʱģɽʿ̫֪ⲻܡ
ϡ
һն
ҹδһԪֻţҲ⡣һԪƷǳߡټҹδΪԭͱȶԷߣֻһ㽫Էն䳾Ѫء
˫߾һʵ˫ҹδӮȴû뵽ӮɡҲһƽԲʿȻסҹδһЩʿܹҹδΪƽ磬컯ˡ


1220 ȱ
ҹδ뾹ȻƽڣƽԲ
ҹδ뿴Ŷ壬³֣ս
䡭
˫Ӫžһ˲ȻȻ
ǻǱǷŭ
ҹδҲ̫Ʋˡҹδ벻ǴһֲΪûƽԲ
Ǳ̷ɳһƽԲǡ
ûеסҹδһ
սҹδ뵭ȻؿǱߡ֮ˣҪնɱƽԲһƽԲƻ̫ˣ˵ÿɱһƽԲ嶼һصĴ嶼һشá
ǣǱ߳Ĭˡ
ѾᵽҹδǿΪƽԲһ⡣ûĸƽֵܹҹδ롣
һ컯Ӫ߷˳Ȼؿҹδ룺ȥɣ忪컯
ҹδͷɻߣȻ͸󷨣Ǹʿ
Ǿܾ컯ǿԷܹˡ
Ǹ컯ʿɫһ㣬ȻĿɨߣоһݡ
ʵϣԴӿս֮Щ컯һֱѰϵ컯ʿɽ컯ʿԭͲ࣬컯ʿڳɳĹУ֪໥ֶٴΣԱ˴˶ʶȴ֣Ϳ컯ʿ
־ܾ컯徿ʲôƣ
ÿ컯ɵӣҶźǸʿҹδͷȻת˻ȥʮһ컯һչ˽
Ǳ߾ʲô
Ϊʲôһֱûпڵ컯ѵʲôƣ
Ȳô࣬ȹһȱڡ
ǹ֮أ˵Ÿϵľ컯ʿһߣڷߺһȥٸ컯Ƕʮһм
ô죿
ҪȹƳһȱڣȻǲ壬ú壬ǱӦԣ
ãԣ
ϣҹδоʼˣΪǿʼǰѹˡǰľǶʮһ컯ʿоɫص
ˣ
޾ʿ죬ѹ˹Ӿϵѹ̫ǿˡЩʿлûеףΪһֱûпڵ컯ʿ
ʮһ컯ֺһ
䡭
ߴʼԹҵϢˣһʮȱڡ
ɱ
ȱɱ˽Ƕʮһ컯ȴڿУûɱȱڣߣһĽ䱸
ʿͬһӿȱڣʿҲȱɱ˹һʱ֮˫ɱ졣ʮȱڳһ޴ĽѪɡ˫Ͷ޷ǰһʿҲ޷ʿϳȥ
ʵϣտʼ˫ЩвʿΪܹͬ컯ʿȱֱ֮ɱȱڡ컯ʿûһȥģһ˻ȥԶԶعʿʮֲΪЩ컯ʿ
ҲΪһֱûмڵ컯ʿԭ컯ʿ俪ȱڣ߱ЩľսȴǶʮһ컯ʿں俪ȱ֮󣬱̺ˣʿɱȱڣ˼һ
ЩʿΪ͵Ҳܹܵܵʿ˼֮ˣʱ뷨
컯ʿ֣컯ʿҽĪǳڵ컯ʿʲôƻ
Ҫһٸɵ컯ʿ
һ룬еĲ᲻٣ӭ˳ЩʿȻŴţѪͷʲô컯ʿʲôƻˡಫʱǸ
ڶɹ˸տʼ˲Ӻ˫ɱԽĲֲҵ״ҹδûгֻ֣ǿţɽĲпᣬսĲпᡣڹĶһ£ҹδЩϵʿҲûг֡ȴΪĽ
ǱߵĶʮһ컯ʿԽԽüͷȫ㲻Ǳ߾ʲôı
ȻҲڲʱؽ

컯ʿɣܱܲƳڵ컯
ã
ǧʿȱڷ˹ǷɵĲ죬ЩСʱʿѾʼ˳һˣȱ˳ߵʿҲˣʿʼȱڳᡣо¶֮ɫ
δ룬ߵȥӰʱڣҵסԷǳڿ߰ٶ磬ȴ߰ٶεֵ壿


1221 
ɣ׼ã
ҹδ뵭Ȼһαȱ룬Щ
°ɣʿɫһ㣬ˣǲû˶Զ׼ʱԮҹδ롣
ʿȴɫһ㣬ЩҲͣͷǶʮһ컯
Щ֮ǰǿҹδǿһһ˲ɱߵʿ
ɱĿƽ簡ֻ磬ȥ
ʮһ컯üͷøĲ֪徿ڵʲôȻʿȥҲܾôʲôû̽ء
ֱƽ磡컯
ã컯һǧƽʿŷȱڵĴ󻺻ƽ˹ȻʮĴȱֻҹδһһǻǵҹδǿԲûĸʿ嶯ǻرƽҹδ룬Ҫܵ˶һЩγһΧ֮ơ
ಡ
һƽҹδ߷ҹδȴǰڰ֣ƽʿһ㣬ȻǷֳڵƽʿһҲûйҲͣ
ʮȱڶΪ͵ʿܴ󣬵Ƕƽʿ˵Сһͨռ䣬ҹδ벢Ҫ̫ʿĿһɨƽʿԼһǧٶߵƽʿһǧٶȶԷһٶǳڵƽʿܲսǿһٶˣͲ˶ٶԼܹնɱٶƽ磬Ҳƽˡ
ɱ
δزܣ
ҹδͲܰһƽʿĻѾﵽ컯أƽԲҹδǲԼڵսжǿϾͻƵƽԲʱѾû컯ʿȴдһ£ԼʵһᣬҪһԼʵ
ȻҲɵӡһǧٶƽʿУûжƽԲҲƽ磬һǧٶƽʿΪԼܹסԣʱһֻб࣬һֻȴǱ£˴֮ڣץʮŷɷ֮ʥʶѾعעֻҪһ֮䣬ܹͷš
һǧٶƽʿͣ˾ȱңƽܹҹδѷΧ
䡭
һǧٶͨͷ˳ҹδ뼯
ʿĿⶼҹδϣּ𣬱˵ҹδֻһƽԲһ컯Ҳס
ʮһ컯üͷ£ҹδһ˶Ҫʲô
Ҫʲô
˼ĿУҹδ뱳ֻʮŷͷſγһ֣ʮȱȫڱ
䡭
һǧٶͨʮķϣ־ҵزţպȻ飬ҲȫһǧٶͨĻᡣڴʱҹδһն
ǣǽ
̲ŴǳǣǽҲҹδıﵽ컯ܲסǣǽķʶԪؽȡй˳ȥͬһƬǿ˲˳ȥ
ۡ
ʮŸƽ˲䱻ն壬мʮƽˡЩƽʿһ㣬ûзӦԭҹδͷųǲҹδ뻹һɷ֮ʥעɷֵȴû뵽ڵֵ֮ҹδһն˳
նһҲû̫־壬ϾҹδҲֻƽ磬⣬һնɱһˡ֮ǰҲҹδͷ⣬ֻš˭ܹ뵽ͷŵⲻͬһǴɡ
ҹδ뾹Ȼ⣡
һնɱʮŸƽ磬˼ʮ֮䣬ҹδնһƽȻѣһͷֵͨͬʱĺˣˣҲնɱ˰˸
䡭
һ컯һҹδңң˹ҹδȴȫֵһûӰһƴȱڣڷڣڵĵĴغһӣȴû˵һˣΪҹδûʿһվȱڡ
컯ͷŵͨɢҹδվȱ룬΢ЦؿǶʮһ컯ʮһ컯ɫȻһ컯ȵ
ڣҳ
ų򣡡
ͷڹ꣡

忪ˣǸ÷ϵʿȥˣÿɫǺ졣رǳڵʿоЩƽ磬ж̲סŭӿǲɿҹδ룬ȴҹδ΢ЦȻؿ壬·Щ壬塣


1222 ƽ
оһӾƽˣҹδ붼ܹ踺أΪʲôܣ
Ҳһ¶΢ЦȻؿ棬ȻǾͷֶһܻһӾͳĺãָָ㡣
㿴Ǹ壬Ťˡ
Ǹ㿴ǸˮడȪһ

ϵʿһʿϴЦݣԷָָ㣬ָҲ֪˭۵һЦȻ˺ȻЦ
¡
ʿͣˣʱǾԼɵӡʱϵʿҲ˲²⡣ִʿôá
һıҪŭ컯컯Щ컯ʿ
治컯ʿصʵȻ¶˿ۼ˲²⣬ķˡһЦÿʼԷָָ㣬ֱ׳˼㡣÷컯лɸ˱ˣ˻صǵĴӪҹδվȱڳӳһ죬ܿ޸˴󡣷ϵʿһ󻶺
ʱҹδ뻹һʦڵĴλġ
Ӫʮһһš
Ļ彫˸ϵ컯ʿ˴룬͵ǳȥɱǡ
ô죿
ߣ
ûãߵʿ϶һû뿪ģվڷڣŪһЩΪ͵ʿݳЩ컯ʿԶԶؿͿ
ô죿
ǵȣһ컯ζһЦǾ͵˸컯սʱǸʱЩ컯Ƿսˣ
ҲУһҡͷ컯ʿ֮սǳȫս֮͵͵ߣһҲֲˡ
ô죿
ǾԵȵףһ컯Ǳıǵ˸߶ܹʱЩߵ컯ҲòȥǸʱǺ˸ͨһϢ֪ǰ˸Ͼж컯ˡ
ԣǵȣ
ʵϣ˸ϵʿҲʮֹעߡǰ˸ŵÿ춼µİ̽ͨϢȻǾͷ֣߳װ岻ˣҲսˡ˫໥
ð˸Ҳü˼Ǵҹδе֪ϢǶչˡսʼˣЩ컯뻹ء廹زˡ
˸ֻ΢˼һ£ΪʲôˡҲǿЦáҲڵġ岻ֻʱģȵ˸߿ʼܹʱ巢ֲû컯ڳǱߣضԳڷܹ
Ǹʱ򣬳Ǳô죿
ǸʱǾӦó˰ɣ
ʱǵҲòǣĿ󡣸ʵʵ壬Ūɳ׾
ҲǶǸڴǾǵõĻԵԲðôķա
Ǿ͵ȴſɡ
ɽ˹ŹֵһĻ
˸߶ս쳣ңҶ뵽ʿľУ粻ϵʿڳߵķߣȴǼžһƬ
Ŵ󱣻ֻһЩʿֵھͿˡµʿÿǽʿȺȾơﻹʲôսһƬξۻģ
ǱȴҲˣҲֻʿֵڣȻÿ춼ں˸ȡϵ֪ÿڰ˸컯ʿ鱨
˹ȥ˼죬۲ǱߵĶٺоһƽʿһ£Ǳߵ˼Ҳ˵˸ȫܹ֮ǰӦƽġ
һɣŴػټʿֵڣҹδҲȥչˡҹδ뵽ڣ
һֹȥ꣬˸֪ϢǱѾʼ½뵽ƽʿ֮ľˡҹδҲͻƵɵʦľ硣ҲֻǸոͻƣƳļƷҩԶ
ҹδӱڳͨ컯
һҹδ۾ϴЦݣȻûͻ컯Ǿ컯ȴԽԽˣ֮ǰ֪ģ֪Ѿظ֪ˡ
ֽʦɵƳɼƷ˵Ǹʱ򣬱ض컯Ÿһ
ȥ˸߿ʼܾսˡҹδҲӱгʱ䣬ѾܹʦɵƳƷˣֻǻûƳһżƷ


1223 
ҹδٴγڷϣҲʲôֻоĵȴǶ֪ܾսԶˡȶ֪˸ϣŵ컯ʿڣضճŭƵĿʼܾս
ǽţϾǲ컯ֻǷڡģ컯ʿĻġЧΣǵвûе
δ룬˵ܵס𣿡оʶ
ҹδ룬ڷİٶƽʿΪ֮ǰһٸƽʿѾţ˳ڡİٶƽʿʶ
λǵķܿ컯Ƿģ컯ʿǻġڱ֪֮ЧҪۿۡԣܹȡõЧǳ䲻⡣ҲʼĽ档
жʮһ컯İٶŷڡΪ͵ҲܹͷַڡԣҪԼİΣһԼͷηڣֻ̫ܹ׸֡
Ҫ֪һǵķȡõЧѣûж컯ɴʵֵܵ컯ʿ𣿡
Щʿɫ΢䣬رЩʿ֮ǰûбʵ뷨ȴҹδˡûж컯ǱʵҲֻ·һҹδ뽫˵ɫ۵ףʶ
λֻ֮ضлᡣԷֻжʮһ컯ȴİٶŷڣ൱İٶ컯ʿ룬ǰ൱İٶ컯ʿԣҪٶͷַڣҲŶʮһ컯壬൱İٶ컯ʿ£û
Ҫ벻ǵ֪˸ߣ컯ڣǻ÷񣬻Ϊֻسɱ¾Щ컯ʿǵУҲֻʮ˸컯ʿǾ벻İٶ൱컯ʿķڣǼ
ǵĻֻһΣΪһڳԤ֮⡣ΣǽҲûлᡣ
֮ض׼𣿡
ˣ
ʶصᶨǶˣһӮˣԼˣԼûеڶ·ߡȻ뵽Լɱ컯ʿǾܹһӣһ˷
󣬾֮Լʮꡣҹδͷһ۳ڵķ򣬿ָˡʱѾõϢ˸򶼿ʼܾսˡԼҲҪʼˡ

Ȼ䣬ӪǱߴŭҹδоһۡ
컯ϵˣ
Ȼ
¡¡
ڲһӺӿ˹ʮһ컯ʿɵ˷֮⣬һŭɱ⡣ڲ˵ֻҪ俪һȱڣɱȥȥЩڵ컯һѩǰܡ
ҹδȻƶݶʮһ컯ʿԵķ򣬺ȷǼĵطȷǴȱڵλáİٶƽʿѾ˼׼ʮһ컯ʿǿҹδƶǸģǵĿĴѰǡûѰ
Ҫ
ɱȥ㻹ܹضã
ˡ
ʮһ컯ѾʼǿıͨʱϵʿˡΪûпڵ컯ʿǲɽĿҹδǣΪǷֳڵƽʿһ𣬶ʱв֪ʲôʱ򣬸ԶһӣǹǶɾ˲仯Ϊ촷ۡ
Щʿǧʿм䣬ҽڷ·أ˷Щܹǧʿзǣ
䡭
ʮһ컯ʿŴ󼯻𣬶ʮһͨڴ֮ϣҵĲԼ˰ӵʱ䣬Ȼһ죬󱻺俪ʮһȱڡ
ಡ
ûʧռ仹Żңʮһ컯ʿȱڳ˹ǵϳ˷֣ռĻңҲǵĹֻ뾡йеıŭҵǴսһ
䡭
һĺȻǶʮһ컯ʿոճʮȱڣʮһ컯һʱ׼õĳƽʿϵͷ˷ڡ
İٶŷڣǾ൱İٶ컯ʿһֻ˲ʮȱڿռ䶼ˡ
ҹδͷ˵һַ֮󣬸ȥȱڳ״ʶɾװڷϣȻʼڡ


1224 ƻ
ȱڴռһƬҡѾûʿˡֻһֺİٶŷھͺ컯ʿǰ컯ʿ˴󲿷ֵķڵʮ컯ʿǱɳȱڣ߸ϣʱǸոڿȶ壬ãȻؿȱڴ
Ķ
ʲô
ಡ
ҹδʶװɾͬʱξѾŴĻȥİٶŷڵʿûгȱڴǳĴĻƣ͸ĻѾڰãȻʮ컯ʿ
ಡ
İٶʿͬʱ˹Ļһ£εվλУڳȥ˲䣬İٶŷھʮ컯ʿ
䡭
İٶŷִĹ֮ռ䶼Ϊ֮ѡ
̫ˣ
˲ͺʮ컯ʿǰҪ컯ע£δܹȡ̫ЧǿԶ㡣ǣǻھ壬ã벻סİٶŷЩ̫ˣֵķΧЩ㡣
ҹδֿʼװɾȻ󼤻ڣĿŷ֮ȥ
ĿռѾһƬ飬쳣Ϳʲô
ಡ
ӰӻҵĿռڳ˳ʮǱû߿һۣķȥ
컯ˡ
컯
ɽ˵Ĵڣжˣû컯ʿˡȴʮ˸ֻʣҸˡǿ˷ڣǴʱѾǷڵˡֻǱʮ˸컯ء
ֲһֱǵһ죬Žȫնɱ
ӣ
뾡ӣǸ׷ϣǸĶˡ
컯ʿˣٶҲǼ죬ҹδǸոռ˵ַڣ컯ʿѾӵûӰˡѾˡ
ҹδİٶʿû飬㽫ڶ׼Щƽۼķ
䡭
İٶ֮һƬѡ
໡
־ˣǵ컯ʿʮ˸ʣµҲˡһǧƽ磬һӾ˴룬Ѿ˵
ҹδʶ£ƽ׷
ʿȻĲսˣʵȷʵͷַںۿۣѾͷŷˡԣ£ִ֡ʣЩƽʿȴܹͷŷڡԣҹδ巽׷ȥʱϵʿҲӦ˹һشӷڳ˳
ɱ
ɱʼˣ
оʮƽʿҹδڷɣǿҹδܿͳЩܵʿܵʿǰͷоʵ
δ룬Ҫȥ׷컯𣿡
Ҳ׷׿ڣδ룬׷ϵġ
׷ˣǾʮˣзҲΣա
׷ʲô׷ҹδʦ֣Ǳߵĵͼ𣿡
УҪʲô
ң
оݸҹδһҹδʶѸٵɨһ£Ȼ˵
ұ𷴿ҵһɱҴǽ뵽Ŀռ䡣
˲䣬˽뵽ռ䣬ҹδ뽫һͼڵһصһ⣬ȥ
λ˵ҹδ뿴ʮƽʿЩƽʿҲɫһ࣬ĿƵؿҹδ롣һ̣Ƕϣҹδ컯µĵһˣ컯ʿҲҪɵ֡òϣǶΪڲڵʱҹδõƿسڵˡ
һʤЧ
ȣ屻ɱʮ˸컯컯ض˵Ǻ׷ɱǣһӵԶԶģ
˵ҹδЦˣʱ򣬲ǳȡЩʱ𣿲˵ЩΪ͵ģʿ£ض
Ķ
һ潮컯ʿʣһˣǱӴܡ˵ûеӳʮŷڣδǡܹȡһЩԴΪӳڵĵ̡˵ԽһЩʥأڳڵ¶ͶһЩڵĵ̶һӻΪŴõʥء
ˣ˷׷ױ̬
ҹδÿһطҸȡȥ˸չζµ˸ܡʱ׼÷ں
ã
˵Ŀⶼڴо۲һ£ȵδ룬ɱٶȺܿ찡컯ٶˡӦ컯ڵٶȡ


1225 
ҹδЦٶȣ㲻֪˶ٺϡ
Ժϣƽ󾪣ʹ̫˷ˡ
ȻɱԺϣܹ˾磿ҹδҲΣ˳֮ԸҴŴȡ޷ֿ컯ҲŻӻȥ
һ룬ҲøԺֵˡ˵ģðȡϡڣȫࡣ
ಣ
ٶǿ죬Ѿ˵һص㡣أʿڳҹδһһ켸ͬʱ·صȥƽѾ˶Ĵţ˶µʿȡ˷ڣװɾֻûмڣܾĹ۲졣
ڵҹδʦ󷨳ȡٶȿֻ࣬Ϣʱ䣬ؾͿʼζ
¡¡
ಡӰӶڳ˳Ϣʱ䣬Ѿ㹻ƽʿڵһж
ôоʿʵ
ƽʿеһûüˡȻƽ֡
¡¡
ؿѣһקҹδüĻкʵϣڵڣÿһҲҹδ뽫ս˷ڣ֮ϣһ
ߣҹδһ˱뵽ռ䣬ҹδ뽫һص㴫ٴλһ⣬Զȥ
ҹδ˿ʼ˳ȡ֮ãǱĶƽʿĶԳȡûһƷƷٶȼ죬ֻһʱ䣬ǾͳȡʮƷƷƷ컯ʿĶ
δ룬׼ȡãоʵ
죬̷֮ءҹδ
ãоһ溦ҹδЩ̰֮ĹأϾĽ򣬶Щ޼ɵҪǣǱҲĳ¡ʱ䣬Ӧ廹Ӧ
ҹδǳŷ߼ٷСʱ䣬ܹȡƷһٶʮƷνա
ɽ磬Ѿܲ׻ȡˣΪ󲿷̶ֵ֣ռˣʿϽţ߶ˡó˵Ѿʮ궼ûлһˡڶˣοźͼ壿
ɢ޾Ͳˡ
ȴһٶʮƷƷ˵һɽѵʥءÿ˷лһ˿ġ
ǧ£ֻҪ߲£ھͿʼڷˡ˵ĵģҹδ밲ο
λʦʦ㣬õġܣֻǳ졣սûдɨ꣬廹ǱӴУΣյġгϵҪˣڷϻűڵٶ磬ǿÿһжһŷڡ
ķȥ١ҲףĿǰû̫˽ڡĿǰһɱٶŷߣӦû⡣
ʱ䣬ڳȡֱ߷أʱ˺ܶ࣬ոչȥʱ⣬Ѿܹߡ˱гҹδ˳֮󣬱㼱æĿ˷ߣȻľͳ׷ȥ
ĴϣʿЩʿڴɨսҹδǵӰ֣ʿ˽䱸̬Ȼҹδˣ˲䱬ҵĻ
һսڸտʼʱһЩʿ֮⣬ûʿǻڷϢ˺öꡣеòˡսʼҹδһٷڣͽսȻǴ׷ɱ壬ɱñضʬ壬ǾʰЩʬ塣
˵һսڷߵĸûжʧջΪ޴˼ҹδЩڵƽʿأҵĻ
ҹδ˷ϣо㿪ʼͳߡƽʿҲʼæҹδ˦ֲܡ
ҹδչҲֻһ£սʹɨˡһƬҲһӰӡ
֪ҹδӱڳ˶оվ档о
ʦ֣£
δ룬սѾɨˣհоЦݣδ룬ȥѷߵĴȱڲϰɣ֮ǾͿԷˡ


1226 Ұ
ţҹδɫһ߾Ͳˣ
ùˡоЦϵҲʦûгʮ컯֣Ҳơߵ컯ʣҲ޷ơŵƽͿˡǳڵƽԻȥˡһʲô飬ٶȣһǾܸ
ŵƽʿ𣿡
ᣡһδʤǳڣǼûͻ˴档мǻһ棬Ҳ֪ҪȥسǱߡ
ţҹδͷȻЩĵߵ컯᲻
ģоҡͷʱǰ˸ܾս廹嶼ûʱǱߵϢ컯ʿȻܹ˹ڷڣô죿
ʲôҲ˵ҹδǣ֮˵־棬컯ѲҲؾ¡
ҲãоЦֻҪټʮ꣬ǾӦûˣԸǶܹ
оֳ֮ɫϾǱ硣ҹδȴǲ̫ĵǶ컯ǻȥˣŸԵֶΡ˵ֻǱ룬ǱˣҪɱҲ䲻ףŻɱ
ҸǵͼָǽǱһУӦû⡣
ûã
Щˣҳȥ󡣡
ҹδ߳˶ܿͽϵǸȱڲϡȻоϵ˽ŵƽʿڵƽʿųڷȥ
ʱ⡣
˾ͻص˳ڣصڵĵһ±ȥ鿴˳Ǳߣ廹ûпʼܹ˷ȻҹδֿŲر⣬һٶʮƷƷӱȡ˳ѹС˲رСȴڻپʹЩ
Ȼȥ˹µЩӦûõĹµ㶼һ˳ƽЩµ㡣ЩʿֺҹδĶʼִ嶴չεսƷ
ʵ̫ˣϸ֣Ҷ۶ѷ֣˭ֵĺã˭ֵĻԣֵúܿ죬֮˾ͺɢȥȥԼԼֵջˡ
ҹδĶھʣҹδ룬ž䣬Ұͮ͹
δˣҹδƽԲҰͮƽأƽһءžء
ҹδ뺬ЦڵһջԼܹõϵģ£òϵľȥһŹµ㣬ȻùµȥһһЩԼҪԴɡ
Ұԥһ¿ڵкܶ๦µ㣬ѾˡǲһЩԴδ岻Щ˰ɣǲҲһЩӣһЩԴҲ÷չδ壿Ʒϵɽɶкܶӵġ
ҹδ벻̫Ը⣬һɽ塣֮ǰֲûе̫ˣ̫ˡһԼĴž䣬žҲһԸţһˡ㽫Ŀ⿴Ұ
Ұ뷨Ǻõģûʱ;ȥЩܹܣôǾͷչһδ壬ҲܣǾЩ˰ɡ
ҰͷУܡҲ֪ҵ츳ҲƽԲˣ޿ͻ컯ҪԼҵ
ҹδ޲ɣǾôɡ
ҰϲɽĿž䣬ͮ͹ǼһӪδ壬Σ
žֱҡͷָңҲܡ
ҰΣžҹδĴ磬Ҳܹž츳ѣ˼δ컯ġͷֿͮ͹ͮ͹ҲԼ޿ͻ컯ͷ
һӪ
аɣҹδͷǸžӪɡ
ǵüһ°ò밡ȴԺͲˡǻúþӪΪɽ콾ΪɽøԴҲڽܹͻ컯ء
аɣҹδΣվҪԼһ£ᣬš
Ұд㣬̿ڵҿɽϷһ
ţĲ㣬涼˲ҩ׼ǵһҩ԰ġǿſɳɳԷġһֱڳɳѾܹԼˡڷڣҲܹû˿ңܹԪҲ˵ôһʲôҲţԪҲŨһʥءʲô㣿
ҰҰģ밴ճڵĲӪδ壬δ徭ӪһСڡ
ҹδ벻죺ҰĻ󡣡


1227 ڹ
ٺ٣ҰЦҾҪδ徭Ӫɳڵһɽ塣
˵˵Ĵ㣿
Ҫ鷳ȸδ岼һʦ󷨡оԪ󡭡
Ԫͱˡҹδֵǽʿ˽²ԪģŵԪŨһЩڵطͻϡһЩⲻС
ǡԼ𣿡
Уҹδͷ
̫ˣҰϲȻؿҹδ룺Ƿóһ𣿡
ҹδ뷨һµȲþӪδˡ
Ұͮ͹϶ֳʧ֮ɫͻ컯ҪúþӪһδ壬ҹδǵĻԵ
ҹδֵֻʱӪȻҪӪδ壬ǾҪӪãҽ֮ʥ˵
Ұ˾һʧžûô˼ɣ۾һ
δ룬а֮ʥ
ǰûаգСҹδЦҿ÷ڵڽҽɽһ
԰ĸ۾һ
»ǵɡڵŬԼΪŬȻ󾡿ܵȥռԴСŲڵĴǲӵеġǸõģԸһŶһɹ׵֮󣬽£ΪɽĴС嶼ˡ
ǵ̣ҪռŹ׵ȥռڷָһЩŹ׵㡣Ȼһջ񣬶Լɽδõ£õľȥһֵ
ã
ûȥǷռĴУҹδڣֱ־ˣҪʲô鼮
ֻҪռͨĴоͿˡҹδδ֣ŲֹΪŵıֶҹδģҹδȻʸԼɽ´С
˿ʼջҹδҲ㣬ûʲôõģ˴룬Ϊδɽ徭ӪáָÿתȥŹµ㣬ȥռִСڵĹ׵̫ˡ
Ϊﵽɷ֮ʥı֣Ϊﵽʦı֣Ϊﵽʦıֻ֣֣˳ڵŹµ㡣ƽʱֲôãδֻôˡ
ټջȻƽֹͣҹδҲʮڹµ㡣⻹ûϷӦõõĹµ㣬ûܹȷӦøҹδ٣ֻеڻ˵
һȥ˹µòϵԴ˹µ㣬Щµ㶼ǸԵģЩЩµһ˺ϡȻǵϻвٺϣֶжپҪж١ռϿͲкϡ
֮˱㶼뵽֮С
ҹδڼ䣬ǰ˴Ŷˣѯʷڵ飬оˡԵжʮ꣬ͻأǸʱͰ˴̸
ʱ˴Ǳսļҽ׶ΣҲȷʵûʱ;ǰڣֻܹȴ
ûʮֻ꣬ǹȥ˾꣬Ų̫ĵڶһˡȻھɵˡ
ɵһɽսȻǰʼˡ
ɵ۶˸߻ڼսݱ߽սһɱʮ˸컯
ɵҹδǾȻȥȡһɹˣȡһٶʮƷƷ
⡭ԼʱĻá
ƨ
Լʱһٱһǧ
ѵѾʺϵˣ
Ÿӵҹδ룬ҹδоƣһȻڣеϲ˵ʵڵģûһ컯зڣҹδѹҲʮִ
ˡ
ţ
أ
Ŀǰֻһ˻
ͺãҹδڽ붴һ֮󣬾ͼɴʵ
ջΣ
ϲҲźվڷ˵ȷʵЧҵľ̫ˣѾ컯ԲԲûнһ򣬶;һƬ
ԣҹδҲֳʧ֮ɫ
ԪҲˣѾʮһָоҲԪϿԽܹ࣬򡣡
ҹδȴҡͷҲǣҲҪ쳣࣬Żи򣬻ߵ컯Բ֮󣬼㿪ٶ࣬Ҳи򡣡
ЦҲм¿𣿡
ҹδҲǣΪǺġΪûпȥĶ˵һϲ¡
δ룬ķѾˣʲô飿
Ŷҹδ뾫һ񣺡һ׼ҶŹ׵㣿


1228 ֮ʥ
ڶжŹ׵ˣҶУеĳϡ㻹ƽЩŹ׵ʲô
ҹδҲҪӪҵɽ壬Ҫҵδ徭Ӫõɽ塣
һ£ȻһȻ֮ɫҲԣڻǧ꣬ѾƽԲˣͻ컯Ӧȫû⣬ֻʱ⣬ǸʱӵƾõԪھͷֳһЩʱ䣬Ӫɽ壬ҵҲ
ķڸʮŹ׵Σ
ҹδҰҰ죺аɡ
Ľ⡣
ҹδͷڱҲܹоʱ⡣ԣҾÿ԰ѷڵóͰ˴ŽһЩԴ
ȻͷҲôġ
ڽ׵ʱҪһЩ
˵ڸɴԭƳҪ󡣡
ҹδ˼һҪһνɽĻᡣ
۾һͻ֮ʥ
ţҹδͷ
ܼ򵥣ڱضӦƶ
ҪĴУɽûƵݺɽʥأֻܹ򣬷Ҳȱʱ䡣
۾ͷŵžˣһжá
лҹδ빰ֵлһЩ飬ȥҹδ㳹ȥ˳صѹڵŵİο
ֻǲһµʱ䣬ھٴҹδɽ壬ݸһָ
涼ǹĴУÿҶЩǿ϶õĴС
Ѿܺˡҹδӹ˴ָȻڴؿ
ЦǱҲӦˣʱȥδ룬׼ʲôʱȥ
ҹδܾսһңҪʼˡҪҵս֮ȥ
ûбҪڴһӵ컯ϱض½սһƽ粻࣬һƽ粻١
ھȥҹδҲһ֮ˣԣǳʲôǰ
УԼŰ졣Ҫȥæ֮ˡ
ĺæôһţһҪ׼սûϾҹδ졣ƺҹδҡҡͷȻʧЦ
еġ꣬е
ҹδҲûж뿪֮Ҳ뿪ˣŲڷȥµʱ䣬˲ڡڶҹδܿҹδ˳ؽ뵽ɽɽһ·ʦ֮һʦĵط㿪ʼӴʦ󷨿ʼʱ䣬˵ص㣬սռİ£ļ졣
ҹδԭѾǴʦ֮綺ֻΪڲʮʱ䣬ҹδ͵ʥ߶ȡٶȲſʼ
ֹȥ˰ʮ꣬ҹδɽɽѾԶˡʮǰɽսѾˡΪ˷ڣܿͻ塣Ȼ󽫾硣Ҳҹδ뼴ɽɽ֮ǰսʼˡ
׼ʮֳ㣬ԭΪṥȴû뵽˵ͷһڵͻȻ֣ȫû˿һӾͱ˲ٵ컯Ȼսһ浹ˣֻǲʱ䣬ʿ͹ڡ
ҲзӦ˹ڲɱɱ󡣵ס˷ڵܡ
ڱϾܵġʵϣһڶһ컯Ǹ컯зĻ컯вʵ׼ķ̫ˡǳ䲻⹥䲻ڸտʼͳһ̫컯Ǹʱ岻÷ڣҲ򲻹ˡ
컯ʿһ׼ٶ࣬϶컯ûвΪһ㣬Ҫʱ䣬ʱ䣬컯ķӦʱ䡣컯ʿ׼ȫԳӦʱ䣬ֳַڵʿնɱֱߡ
ʣһڹ̶İżвȫ֮ɱ÷СǷɱɡɱܹġһʱ֮䣬㽩סˡ
岻Ҳȥȥһһꡣ
ڡ
ҹδɽˣʱĲڲûʲôֶ֣ڴҹδڲʿ£뿪˲ڣųڷȥı󣬲ɽǰʿ뿪ıӰ໥ۣ
˵ҹδͻƵ֮ʥ𣿡


1229 ռ
֪
ҹƲܡŶꣿҲһٶ꣬ôͻ֮ʥ
ҹδͻɷ֮ʥҪ˰
Ѿˣڵ컯ʿչ˰꣬û뵽ǳʱһΪΪԭֻڣԪغ͹컯ԲѾû컯ڵʿˣʮ컯컯ڡʿԭսǿΪ粻컯ʿֱ̫ȼ١Ǿȫֲٵ㡣ټϳڶҹδɷ֮ʥҳڵͷǴʦ֮ڵĳۺʵѾڵڶҲ̫ڻܹѹһͷ
Ҫ˰
ҹδͻ֮ʥ
ͻˣ
Ѿһɷ֮ʥˣźûдͨͻ컯Ҳһֻ컯һЩ򡣵ȻѾǸ컯磬Ͳãֻʱˡ
صţδһ˶ûУһ£ȥռˡҾ˵Ұ˻ţҹδ
׼Ŵһɷ֮ʥĴ档һǣҹδҪʵԼ֮ʥľ磬ͱԼֲһʥһʥ֮󣬲ʥܡһһʥ󣬱Ƿڶ俪Ѿ˳ȥǳбҪԼŲһʥ
ҪʱоҪǺ󣬲ǺûʥͼҪԼܡ
ҲѲסҹδ롣Ϊҹδռ䣡
ҹδû̿ʼǺ󣬶ɽı֣ʼһ֪ʶһ߿ʼ֮ʥ񱮴С
ͬʱڴŴţ˽ŷڡǾŴŲϵڣһֱûвˣ˶ķڣ볹׺俪磬ɱ֮С
Ŵʱһ컯ʿƽʿʿŷڣڡ̫Ȼһȣ
ڣ
䡭
ڣѾˣȫâڱΡ
䡭
ã
Ÿɫޱ䣬ǿռ俪ʼ
ܣ
ڵʿʼߵͨڷĶȥǱߣڱɱ飬ռ俪ʼʿռ飬Զȥ
˫ӣܵʿڱĿռ顣
¡¡
ռԭΪײһʱռ䣬ȹ̶Զɽ磬ǱֻǱͣȻռ޸ˣҲ˾ۼڴ׼Ӧս֮һʿ߸ҡӻɽ磬ʿһ뻹ࡣ
ռıǴڴʼģȵӵߵڣѾ̫࣬ɽڲûбԣȻǧʿɽ߲ûбһ˿һ
ȴɽھҵ𶯡
񱮴еҹδ룬ȻȻų˹ȥͨڴȻͳܹͣԶ·Ǻϵ쫷磬γһˣ߷ɿ˹֪˿ռľ𶯡
ռҪˣ
ǡ
ҹδ뽹վȴް취žۼԽʿ̺ȵ
˳ռˡ
ʿɫһ䣬ֳ˾֮ɫһֻʵųڳ˻ȥȻ뵽ڡڴֻʣҹδһˡ
ಡ
ڣбһɣ
δ룬ռҪˡҹδߣĽλʿһµʿӻ
ҹδоһռʿﵽɽһ롣Ҳ˵һµʿһ붼ɫˡ⼸Ƕϴˡûи궼ָ
֪ɽ˶ٳɿռ䣬Զнһռ䡣
ﱻ֮Ϊ硣
Ƕħ޼ʡ

ʱٿһᣬĶǸλ
Ȼ䣬ϵı
ꡭ
дһѵ׷׳̧ͷȥгһѷ졣
ɽ硣
ѾƽռѾʧˣȻҲǰɽˣ֪ȥֻɽ綼һƬ֮С
̫ˣ
һ̫ˣǰռʿǾӢ콾ɽԼʿ󲿷ֶ콾һЩĶϴˡ


1230 زŴ
ɽ紦˿ڵʱÿһʿŬϣԼܹϴ
δļ˶ƽ磬ԶŻˡ
žҰͮ͹׼ͽ顣
ϴˡȻҪͽŴž飬¸һɽͽȻǶҪȿɽͽ뵽ڱչص飬԰˴۳ڡҲûֱӽվ˳ȴȥ飬Ҳ˷˵վżǿ顣
Ҳ˳˾Ŵһɽͽ˭յ˺õӣͿ˵ĻԵˡ
ŵõվȻҲͬС¡վ̣ܶǿ֮Ȼ֪ΪǷЧҲסǶƾõԪе÷ţվȥоһϲúܡʱҹδֻصɽ֣񱮴С
һºҹδ񱮴Уصδ塣
ˣ棬ʮ˸컯ʿûһ컯ڣսǿĴ棬Ѿʥɷкʥ󴫳СۺʵδķչѾغһ̫ڳƽ
ҹδصɽ壬δ˲١ʮӡҰ˾ѡʮӣŮҹδҲһǵʣȴǲԳ֮Ϊ콾ǲǾ콾ǾͿˣǵÿǽԡ
ҰЦǺǵѾ֮ʥˣʲôʱɽ壿
ҹδЦȸʮӴĿǰѾǵˣٶȻܿ죬ϾǲǴ徳ȰŴ˵
Ŷðɣ
ҰҲû˵ʲôҹδ˵ĶԣʮӶǴ徳δѾȫǣǣûͻ컯¡
˵ҹδҪѻڴʥ˷ˡѾʦܹҹδ벼ʥڴ󣬶ʥżЧȫҹδ롣
һսɱ̫壬Բȱٲϡҹδһȥеʿʼʮ˸컯ʿҲʮ˷ܡԴ˷֮˵ʵǵҲеסȻǱ·ڣڼҪʱ䣬ǡǵв֮ԣܹô˺˲컯Ҫԭ򣬱岻֪ڣû׼
Ƿڶڹ̶İв̫ˣ֮ǰŵĻڴȻǴʦ󣬵ŪǧŷڣܹġʥڴûкĿˡ
Ūһŷڣ
ʲôЦ
ĳƳһŷڣôϵʿͷ
µʿûڡκһţҲһϵʿǳھԵУɽܹճôϵʿóھԵУôܣ
ԣһҹδ뽫ڵĴΪʥ󣬳ڽûк֮ǡɽ磬ĿǰҲֻвڵĻڴʥġҪټһˡ
ǳڡ
һʱ䣬ƳһٰʮȻ꣬ʿƵĻơҹδʱ䣬󼶱ͬʱʮʱҹδҲǺȻܲ죬ռ䣬ռ佫ǺΪʥҹδϤһ֮󣬱㿪ʼ
İ˴ŶעųڡһиӡʱڳڣǴеʿһֱ͸ҹδΧһЩܼ顣Ƕ֪ɵһ̣Щߵľ綼ʵʵķԾ
¡¡
һºʥǺɡ
˴ңң̾Ϣر̫֪һ𣬳Ѿ˺̫ƽƽʸҲ˵ӽɽһŲ̫һ̫ںͳš
ҹδڿУ·ĴԺ֪ʶﵽʥ۷塣
ڻһƬŵǿ󣬻Ҳǿĵ·ϡ
ҰˡҾвס
ҹδ̾Ϣһδȥʮ˸컯ʿҲһЦӴ˿ǾͿԲٵˣȫȫرչˡ
ҹδδϣҰ˻ӭ۰Ͱ͵ؿҹδ롣
ˣƽʿһˡҹδЦͿʼ󷨡


1231 ɽ
̫ˣҰ˷ܵҪʲô󷨣
ҹδѾƻЦȲһ󷨰ɣΪһϡƽʱֻǿ󷨣ڳڣܲܿһɱһɱͬţǲá
ţҰͷǷҪʲô󷨣
̫ɡ̫Ƿȹ̵ģܹǿӲܹжͷ˵ҪǺҪǿֻǵһķǺŹȹЧ
ҹδȡһЩ֮ǰǺҹδһƳġЩƮҹδΧҹδʶ͸ֳǧƣͬʱÿϵ̫ơ
׼չصڵˣ֪ǿʶһӶ߳Ȼһ鲽δϡ
δ룬Ҫδ岼󣿡
ţҹδһߵһ߻ص
ɽһɽ壬ɴ඼ɡ
컯ʿ׷׵ͷû顣ҹδǱǿɾ컯ֻʱ⡣ټɷ֮ʥ֮ʥݣӵɽȫû⡣οռؼ㣬Ҳɽ塣
ؼվҹδǵģڵõվ꣬Ҳûʲôҹδҽķ˵˲ƵĺôֻǶռɽ壬ʲô
ҹδ뵹ԥԼɽôˣҪôɽʲô
ʵЩƷ˵ռһɽ壬Ǿһɽ壬ռһ壬Ҳߵһɽ壬ΧһЩɽ塣ͱδ壬һη塣δжˣ
ҹδʮˡ
ټ壬壬ʮһη壬ⶼһɽˡҹδͲҪ
Ұ̫Ϥҹδˣһҹδɫ֪ҹδ鷳Ҫ
ôأ
ܲϣռϰ
ҹδ뿴ҰҰֿͰ͵һͷʹ̾Ϣһһɽһҵ̫ǿˣҲǸ鷳ǵͷ
лˣ
ʱЩ컯ʿҲҹδ벻Ҫ鷳Ƕ컯ʿ֪񰡡оЦδһҵļǿˣҲãҹδҵʡδġ
Щ컯ʿ㲻ҹδ̻ҲҪҹδ׼Լɽ岼һʲôĴ󡣽ԽԽ࣬սЩϺҹδĹϵܺáǶΪǿԪƾãʱ䣬Ҫҹδ벼Ժ¾ûлˡ
ʱ򲻿Ժͻź
ЩʿҲˡûҹδ£Ҳûиæֻһϸعۿҹδ
ҹδ뿴һۣȻһߵһ߽
һϥʼ
ʱһȥ˵ڶʮ죬ҹδһƣͣ⡣һʿȴûǽ뵽֮С
ҹδ˫һ
¡¡
һŵ£Լһӵʱ䣬˵һӴĻɽ壬ɽ档Ϸһ޴̫ͼ
Ȥδ룬ԣ
Уҹδͷ
һɽ⣬վڹĻǰ͸ĻܹؿĻڵδ塣ںһȭ˳ȥһ˶ȭͷڴϣĻһ£ָƽ
䡭
غһκܱһδձԼǿܡûк̫ھ
δ룬
ҹδ룺Ҳϰǧŷڣܹ̫俪
˲ɵһ
ǧŷڣǻϾ˵ûܹ俪ˡɽ缯ϰǧŷףǼϳǧϵʿ̫ˣûпܡ
Ǻأ
ǧŰɡ
Ȼͷɽ缯ǧϵʿҲܲܡ˷׷ɢȥҹδδ˻ص˹ĻڡЩʿҲȥܣȻȡʼ̡
Ҫʲô󣿡
ǣǽ󣡡ҹδ
ǣǽںǺǣǽĴһɱһǣǽ󣬴ڻǣǽݺᣬ컯ʿҲźܴĿ䡣
ǣǽ𣿡Ұʵ
ҹδ룺ڲ컯Բ̫ȷ컯ڵʿӦûᱻǣǽɱ
Ұͮ˴ϲžҲֳЦݡִڣԼͿȫδ򡣶ҼһǺ󱻹ˡδ嶼ΪǵһϣһǼʵϡ


1232 
λѵʱȵ̫ʱ仹ãʮʱ䣬ʮʱЩʿҲ½˹û뿪ۿҹδ벼
¡¡
𶯣ЩڶڱչصʿһܳˡʵϣЩ컯ʿͲڱصǶվͻȻ𶯣ôܲ
ȻǾͷδ塣ǴʱǣǽѾϡҹδûпЩԻҹδֲʲô
һδ˹ҹδ뿴ǹر̫δϵ̫ͼʧˣһʿ
δ룬ֲʲôˣ
һɱ󣡡
ɱԣ
ҹδһڻеġʵҲȷʵеġʱһƽʿʿҲ˹ҹδ
ڵô
ɱҹ컯ڵʿɱУǶΪû˺ҲҲҲв㡣
ڵ۾һӾиȤˡ
δ룬ԡһΣգ̹رմ󡣡
ҹδεһʱҲ
û£ԡ㲻˵컯Σգ컯ԲҲܿһ㷴Ӧʱ䡣
ǡаɣ
ҹδ춯Χһ֮ȻǵǰһƬǺӣǺδɽ
δɽͬһƬǺеĹµǺɢϢϢԭ°ڶɵ
ѾĿԪغ͹ҲԾŻ𻨣һǣǽ󣬻Ѿ컯ԲʿҲ˽ȥ
ϡ
ܼǣǽ컯Բ䣬иݺ컯ԲȻѹˡ컯ԲԼɱǣǽһҹδע컯ԲоϲǣǽȻûж컯Բʿγ˺ȴѹ컯Բ˳ȥʿվģǣǽȴǳ֮ԴԴϡ컯Բᱻնɱ
Ȼ״̬컯ԲԳǣǽֻҪǣǽҲûΣաҪǣǽ󲢲סʱǣǽеʿĿȥǺӵľͷδʧ˵δ壬ǳڶˡǷ·һƬ޼ʵǺУ߼ʡ֪Ǹӡ
컯ʿ˴˶Էֻܹһڵֵǣǽ
䡭
컯ʿϵͷͨȻ֪ͨǣǽײײи֪򡣴ԼһӺ컯ʿͬʱһȥδȥķ
䡭
컯ʿһ·ɱȺǣǽɱ˳ȥδɽ֮⣬ǣǽһΡ
ҹδرǣǽ컯ʿ˻п
δ룬ǣǽҪɱ컯Բ϶У컯Բɱǣǽ󣬴δ塣
ҹδҡͷûôףֻǿǣǽȴûǣǽǣǽ󣬻ʱıǣǽ󣬻ǵĸ֪Ҫ֪򣬳ûпܣǺѡ̫ǣǽ󲢲⡣ȿ̫ǣǽ⣬Ҳ̫ǣǽڡ
ǿнҿڿǣǽ̫֮Ȼٽ̫ǣǽڣǿгǣǽ󣬻Ҫ̫󡣡
⡭ǹڸпɽûƿġں֣δǺڣ㲼ôĴʲô
ҹδһ£ҲʧЦҲûô࣬żȻҪ󣬾Ͳõġ
ҲҡͷʧЦҲｫΪһϡĳ޷ǿУ˵ء֪ôͶ㼸ɽˣʱҲܹɸʿ
Ҳ۾δ룬²ɣٶЩɽ塣
𣡡ҹδִ֣ҪԴϡġ˵Ѿˡ
ҹδ̬ĲԸ⣬ҲͰˡڿҹδ
㻹Ҫ𣿡
ţҪһ󡣡
󣿡˾ȣΪû˵󷨡
ţԴһ󷨡
ڲˣȤ𣿱ǣǽ춼Ӧúɣ
𣿡
۷׷ף϶󰡣


1233 
ֻһ󡣡
ͣɫһ㡣
ҹδ봴ģҾռĸʥ󡣼ĿⶼԼϣ㿪ڵ
ֻϴģûЧҲ֪
˷ܵδ룬ϵЧǸʲô
һסڵԪй¶ȥ
˲һ㣬ⲻԪûʲô߼ġ
ڶסڵĴϣ֮⡣
⡭
һ㣬ǳŵδ룬סȷʵûбҪɽϵĵֲǷǳܼͳڱĵطһ
Ϊ֮󻹻᲼һ󲻻ڵĴϣɽĴϣǻֱӴǳȡ˿˿ϣδϣסδĴϾͻԽԽŨ
˻
˶ɵһܴǳǣ
Ҫ֪Щ컯

ʿѾɽڵĴˣڵĴ㲻ǣ׷ĶǳǳĴֻй棬ŸΪ䣬ΪԲҪңԶǳеĴ̸ף
ֻǹ롣ǹ룬ＰĴǳ
ҹδܹǳǣȻڴ֮ڣǾͿԲǹ룬Դ
һ˫˫۾ɻڸǴߴٵ첼裬ǸЧڳٲһģΪڵؾ
ҹδҲĿԾԾԣֻϵܣȻԴռ䡣
ãȲ󡣡
ҹδֿʼһߵ̣һ߸Щʿ⣬أЩʿ֮УͷĳĽġ˲ŴټδļҪһʦˡ
պҹδȻϡ󷨣ǲ⣬ǽ
ǻǸ֪һȻüëȷʵԪ͵ϣЩϺԪ˴ڣȥĵϺԪȴܹҲûнڵԪ͵ϴеδУԣڳڲû˿Ӱ졣
ҹδٴοʼε̵ıЩʿȫעЩʿˡҹδɸǽ⣬ǷԼˣѾǴʦԲǶˡʵ̫˵ǣǶܿÿϵҪ֮ǰ󶼷̫ࡣЩ;ʿֻǶ࿴˼ۣʶ裬ٿ
һεҹδʶĺܴΪ磬ɵ֮󣬶ɫ԰ף󡣱ϥʼϢָڵһģʱؽĿ⿴ҹδ롣
ҹĻ٣ҹδվһӾ˵Ŀ⣬ʱʮ˸컯ƽ硭

ײ嵽緢ʱΣرҹδչɽЩ꣬óżʮͻƵƽʿҲֹڣɽв綼ͻƵƽ⡣
ڵʿҲͻ˰˰ٸϡʱЩʿδ壬ۿҹδ벼ҹδĳɹˣڴǾڷɵĻԵԺڵʿͻƵĻ졣ǧʱ䣬սϾĹھɽ磬Ϊʵĵһǧʱ䣬ڵĵķʿҲضо޴Ǹʱ򣬳ڱۺʵҲΪɽĵһ
ʮҹδܹɹͬʱҲŽš
ҹδ뿪ʼˡ
һȥһʱ䡣
ˡ
ˣһ£Ȼָƽܿۿҹδ벼һ󣬶·ûдһ㡣
˶գ죬ûжһʧؿҹδ롣
ҹδЦ̫ˡǳɽ̫ңԶҪǳϵĴҪʱ䡣
԰
һ㣬Ӧ˹ڼæʵҪʱ䡣
ҹδ˫һ̯֪¡
ðɣҲΣڵȻȥǳϵˣһ
˾Ҳһ
˷׷ȥ
ҹδ󣺷̫ɱǣǽ󣬸
Ұͮңž鶼ܿܡҰҪʲô𣿡


1234 
ҹδҡͷ벻Ҫʲôʲô뷨˵
ҰҲ֮ǰû뵽ָɽ塣Ǿʮһη塣ôģ
ҹδվδϣȥ
壬δߣ롣δΧη塣η塣
ҹδ룺δΪҵĶɽ塣ˡڶƽˣҲԶռһɽ壬ȥ롣
Ұͮ͹Դҡǲ˹ģҲȥ
ⲻǷϻ
ڣֱõģ
԰ȫһɹǳڡ

ɽʥأɵӲ뿪㽫ҹδҲһ󣬵϶ҪŹ׵ܹ롣Ǵ
ҹδûԼĴ磬ž䲻뿪Ŀᶨ
аɡԣȴܸǵɽˡ־Ӫɽ̬ҹδδʿԽԽ࣬ƽҲԽԽ࣬Ӧûͻ컯
˵һԼĴ硣ž΢΢һЦš
ԣܸÿ˶һɽ塣
ǲҪҰǶֻܹɷһסǷ״ӣڱɽһˡ
ţҹδͷҲûн飬ʲôƽԼǷ涼ԼõģԼӦöռһɽ塣û򣬽ҡ
ĿδΧηɨһۣȻָηߵɽ
ɽͽ컯壬ڿšԺ˭ͻ컯˭Ϳȥɽ彨춴
Ұ˵ͷԼûϣˡηûʲôͬ컯һȥͲȥ¡
ҹδָŵڶߵĴηɽͽƽ壬ƽʿɽ彨ԵĶ
ǣ̵ͷ𿴽η壬ʵϺܴ󡣱˵ֻˣ㹻ٶˡǣһƽʿˣɽϵԪ᲻áڲֻ
ҹδһָһη壺ɽͽ壬ȥｨ춴Ȼϲסｨ춴Ҳû⡣
žҡͷЦҾȥ塣һ硣Ǿһռһɽ塣ҸﻹҪ㼷һɽ塣
Ȼ֪ž俪ЦһЦ
žֵδ룬Ĺõġ
һЦ
ҹδЦǺɽ
ˣžֵͷɡҿʲô֡
ȲҹδֵȰδη岼һ£ܵ֡컯壬ƽ壬壬Ц
ҹδʶ뵽ʶڵ
ڣÿһ㶼һⶼҹδǱ͵ġôһɢȥ˴Ӱ죬ѾкܶʥˡԭƷ۷ƷƷƷƷƷ
ҹδȻӷץһҹδ뽫δ´ȥҰ㶵ؿֱҹδ뽫δ£ŷ׷׾
Ʒ
ȻǼƷ
¡¡
⻹û꣬ҹδóһľԼƷȻˮԣԣԡܹмƷδ¡
ಡ
һ£Ʒδ¡δԪһٶȿʼŨɽϵĻľƷʡ
⡭ҰͮųԾ۾ֱʥذڵؾԪҪŨ
žҲ˫ĿŹ⣬յʮӣоЩѣʵԪ̫ŨˡһڣҪ졣ҹδһӣ㽫ʮ͵ɽ¡Ԫǳܲס
ܿ죬δһǶԪŨ¶ɡֻЩԪҹδ뷽ŴδУɢȥ
ȥ컯壡
ҹδһһ˱컯塣ｫ컯ʿĵطȻԪ治δ塣ԣҹδ컯´˽ľˮһƷȻӡ컯ԪҲڼٵŨʼ컯ʣȻ컯塣
ƽ壬ƽ壬ҹδ˽ľˮһƷҰͮ͹ϲƷ˵ˣǧ˶ܹ㡣


1235 
壬ҹδ˽ľˮһƷžüЦ磬Ѿȫ
ҰüЦʣµɽô裿
ҹδ뿴壬Ҫδ΢һЩɽԺͽо塣
žûžҲֻЦЦûоܾ
ҹδھϴһƷȻηϣԴһʣԵƷˣɽӵһԵĵӿԸԼķѡʺԼɽ塣
ɽ͸ҹδһץ㽫ɽµʮץɽ壬ǿԸѡʺԼɽ彨
ʮӴϲݵл
ұ壬ҹδֳһ˿ͽܰԷ塣
žҲֳһ˿ĵҲӦÿ˰ɡ
ҹδĿɨһȦΧܰԷη壬Ȼѡη壬ֱԴһԼƷȻҰ
ɽһĵӣͽ壬һĵӣ塣ԼƷԽܶҺҡ͸ˡ
ġ˶ظ֤
ҹδֽĿη壬ƷͲɲֻҪԼҲ࣬ɽ¸Դ˽ľˮƷȻӡ
ηֱ壬ӿϰƷͲҵϣһ죬δĵܹɽɷɽɽΪʥء
ҹδϴ˽ľˮƷȻܰԷϽ󣬲ر⣬ڰĲץһЩ޺ʿΪӵ֮ء
˶˷ֱһˡ
ȥҺҰɡЩռɱ
ҹδ뿪δ壬ȥ˳ڵ壬һң㿪ʼһռɱףܹһ뻹ʱ䣬ҹδŻصδ塣
һ뵽δ壬ҹδˡ
ڵ컯ƽʿԼδ
ôռԼıˣ̫ˡ
ţ
ҹδɫһ㣬ϲ̧ͷ˿Уһ˿˿ϴǳвϵش
ɹˡ
ҹδĻع飬˹һ˫ĿŹؿҹδ룬ȻЩ˼ɫڨڨ
δ룬׺ܶ࡭
ҹδεҿԸŲһ󡣲׼ҪŹ׵㡣
죬׼Ȼû⣬Ź׵㡭
ҹδһϵŹ׵㣬Щϼˡһ룬ⶼ˼Լ׬ģȷʵŴ޺ôֻԺδĻΪŵһɽˡ
УҸڵͷ
ҹδͿǣȥɡˣ֪ͨҡȻѡһطˡ
Ǹڨڨŵûн֮ǰܲ
аɣҹδε꣬ɲ׼ˡ
ţһ컯ƽʿͷ˭ҲûôŶ֮󣬻ܵ
ĵطȲȡѶ񽣣ʼҹδܰԷȥڵҲ棬ŷ˹ʱ͵Ͼͽ˴Һҡͷ嶼ţʲôҲûн죬ľûʰʵҲ׼ʰǸǲ󷨺ͷġ
ڵܰԷֻһĲʱĲѾһҩ԰ˣǱһ֮ء
ҹδͲˣҰˡҪӪɽġҰҲ˾׼ץһЩϵһµޣһʵͣĲʵߣϵԼϵһµĵáڽеͻܵǾͳȥܵһ뿪̫ΣգܵȻҲΣգӦóȥͳеĻ䡣
ҹδȡһƵĴܰԷϡ
󣬲ر⡣
ȻҹδͿڵʮ˸컯ʿٸƽʿ߰ٶʿ
ЩʿжˣҪˡ
˼ҹδĽɽˣҲǵˡؼǣЩҹδôͣδһʱ仹Ҫȥ˼
һ˶ʼȡһﶼò֣û˼ŲͲر
㲻ó
һִкһֱ
ǣڴͷʼÿ˶óһԼãŵĴСЩеǹеͨһֱ


1236 ڵ˼
廨ˡ
еƵĲϣеĸɴǵЩʿΪҲ磬ǳϣóĶƷܵˡò֡Ҳҹδδжнύ˼ȻóԼòеõĶδرͲһӾͷḻ
Ȼҹδ룬ž䣬Ұͮ͹ҲԼһռĸֶԼòϵģȡ˳ֱ˲Ͳر⡣
˷׷ɢȥڴЩֻصδȥˣһһǱ߷ɣһۡ
δò˶ãͻΪڵһˡ
δδҪĳ廹Ҫǿ󡣡
ЦǿǿҲǳڵʿңҹδԸ⣬ҰͲ
˶죬˵ʵҲƽʿλöٻЩ뷨컯ʿûԸ⵱ģ̫ˡʱ
ԣŲ˵Ŵŵ컯ԲʿΡΪ㶼컯ԲˣҲˣŸʲô
ɡ
ǰЩӣڻ컯Բ飬ûԸ⵱ģûԸ⣬ùǺ
δͻ컯Ҿߺߵ˵
ЦⲻϹأǾŴŶ컯Բܹδͻ컯ѵ㻹컯һؾ͵ǲǵ˼𣿡
ô˵ҡͷͻ컯ʱ򣬶ˣңͻ컯ʱҲʮˡ㿴ҹδڲŶ꣬ǧꡣǾܹͻ컯
һԲʿڵͻ綼ףڶûҵͻƽͻƽ綼ѣͻ컯Ϳ֪ˡʮͻ컯ҾδҲòࡣδھƽԲҲǾ콾컯Ǹżù
׷׵ͷǶʮͬʿ˵Ȼֻ磬Ҳδͻƽ컯ҲϡϹ˵Ҿ뷨ǰҹδ뵱ɾ콾ƲġƽԲϰ궼ģһ޷ͻ컯ġڳЩƽʿУʿƽԲ꣬ûͻ컯ġ
ڿЩƽʿǾأ
˱㶼ʮƽԲȻĿֶǸƽԲʿǸʿ˼Ƭ̵
ǲܾͿƽͻ컯ѶȣҲܿͻ컯䡣ǧʱ򣬴ﵽƽԲ
ûУ
˵ҹδÿһ綼ͻƵķǳ죬컯ѣҲδ벻ôáҾʱ򣬾ӦܹͻƵ컯ʿ
һƽϸ룬Ȼ׷׵ͷͬǸʿĹ۵㡣ЩʿɫȻ
Щǰôҹδ룿
컯㲻ǰ޹ˣʷϼҲᳬһٸɣ
˭֪ʱȴҡͷġ
Ǹƽ翴ۣʦ壬δã
ʱ̡ҡͷǲ֪ҹδǳѾˡɵ⣬Ͽȷضͻ컯ʱ䲻ôҾʱСһɡ֮꣬ǰҹδضͻ컯Ϊأ
Щƽ綼ˡ
컯ʷҲûУǼ²ᳬһ֮
˭֪ȴҡͷǳ
˶ɾڡ
ǲ֪ҹδ϶Ѿﵽ컯磬Ǳ壬ԪԪȻҲ֪ڴﵽʲô磬ȷʵﵽ컯⣬ƲһڣҲ˵ҹδһǧ֮ǰŷǳĿͻ컯
˻
˲ɾ㶼һһǧ컯ʿʷϡ
ϸ룬һɽʷϣֻһʿ飬һǧʱͻ컯ҲѾ˺ܾˡһսˡ
ҹδһǧͻ컯Ǿʷϵĵڶˡ
ԣдʵҹδͻ컯ʱ򣬲һ꣬δ޾ôɹ
ŵһʱ䣬¡
˾㶼룬Ҳò޾ºĥˣûдﵽ컯ԲǻáϾһ׷󡣵ﵽ컯Բû׷ʣµˡԣﵽ컯ԲʿڸԼߵȥо󣬵ȻҲûߵľ磬ȻҲΪû˸ߵľ磬ǲġ


1237 
ҹδ뵱ͻƵ컯Բʱ䣬ҲôģĲԣҲ˵ˣصδ壬һ
ʱҹδ뼸˴վܰԷϣ죬Ұɬ
ȱ˰ر⣬Ҫֵذĸ˵ãǻбɰ
ҹδ룺ȥץһЩޣɣҲһЩӡֵأ취
ҹδ˻䣬ȥҡԼңҪȥˡ
ҹδ뵽ңϥʼܡоܣҪʳʬƳɿܡֻûгɹõһٶʳʬ壬ĸƽʳʬ塣оһʱ䣬ûгɹǸʱԼôҲýʦȻܹ
ѾʦˣҪʼԡûʳʬ塣ϾʳʬûһһʼںϡȻȫںϣ̫ѡֻںһ֧һܡҲʳʬ壬ͨƳһܡ
ҴȥҹδڿܵоѾһЩĵãʱˣԭƺˣҲؾĵصѡˡҹδ㿪ʼȥ˲µʱ䣬㽫ϡҪܹʼʹãõǳôҲҪһʱ䡣ԣЩδ塣
ҹδҲںҲδ壬ڡ
йȥһ꣬Щ˷׷뿪ˣΪŵѾȻδ塣δžֹȥ˰꣬ҹδƳһܡ
һ൱۶Ŀܣһ㣬ܹͷŵͨ۶ʿûʲôҹδȻֱڲ󣬲ر⣬ǵֵصˡΪʱãΪδյʮӣûдﵽ۶Ϊġ
Ұǲ⣺ĸܻʵ̫ˡ
ҹδ뷭һۣʱɣҪƳܵĿܣô򵥣ʱһܲҪϳʱ䡣Ȱѱִ
ԶԶԣҰͷҪ
ҹδ̾Ϣһ˵ˣӪɽǵ飬æĶңǶа
ҰڨڨⲻǴʱ𣿵ѱ꣬û𣿡
аɣ
ҹδ뿪ʼ֡ʱ䣬˴ֱʥĴСֱʥĴСֱʦıִУֱʦıִС
ɽһ䡣ҹδصԼδ忪ʼȻٶʱֳ˼顣еʱ򹦷еʱ⣬еʱվһʱ䣬ܡҰԣĸܵʵ̫һЩϾĸطҪҪĸֵء
˴ҴҰȥ
ҹδǳƽ˴ԲһԪƽ˴ɡԪһʮѾվ컯ĴſڣȻûƿȴţѾһ޴Ľˡ
һջ񣬱ǿܵоʵܹΪнҲΪͷںϣȻֻںһ֧ش󡣶Ÿ⡣
ҹδһأûʲô̫ı仯ʶ˳ȥ㿴ž䣬Ұͮ͹ƲƲ죬˵Ӫɽ
һ
룬δֻʮӣȷʵҲû̫顣ʶɨϲԼĴ磬žѾڡҰͮ͹ƽڣľҪ׷Ұͮˡ츳ҪҰͮߡҲᡣٹܹ꣬׷ˡ
ٿʮӣȻѾﵽ۶ֻڣʮӲЩͬҲŴңҹδֱȥһңʼܡ
ʧ˼֮ĸܵʵĿܡĸܵʵĿܰԷ壬滻ĸ۶Ŀܡĸ۶Ŀܻصδ塣Լɽ壬δһֱûкúľϪЩҡ˸߿գ۲˵ƣȻһƵͼ͵ĸܵںУĸȥɽ壬ҹδٴοʼչء
¡¡
ĸδĶžҰˣĸ߳˶δ壬㿴ĸδ塣


1238 
ⲻֵصĸ𣿡ҰɽĿ۰Է壬ȻĸµĿܡ
ǷˡĸµĿܣ֪ʲôʵ
ߣȥ
ĸܰԷ壬վ˲ǰǸܼǣʩ
λϡ
ҰشĸܣȻָһܵȫ
ǣ
ǸܷһȭҰȥܻȥγһ޴ȭͷҰһӣȻŴͬһž޿ڣǸȭͷһ£ܡ
٣Ѿ൱ͻƵܵԲˡѹЩСһûˡ
еСһȻδеʮӣʮҲ׷ͻ۶ˣʮӶҰڿɽͽУϸѡġ츳ϼѡȻδֻͻƵ۶Ϊνˮɡ
˶ʮӲһս֮ǰĸˡĸܸˡǲرͲŴ󱣻ȺСӶܹȥ͵ĸܵܣЩСӦʵˡ
ʵϣʮҲȷʵʵˡҹδĵ˿ܾĵ뿪ˡȻЩСһ﷢ֿܳòһˡ
ǻˣ
Ǿսս
ÿ޵һټĸܣʵʵġ
ҹδչ˰£ֳˡоԼȻڶվ컯ǰˡǾƲšȥȻԼҲһܹƿţҪʱжãǾͲ֪ˡ
Ǵͨɡ
ľͣǾɣȡΪʦʵʦѾԶˡǣҹδȥδ嵤ңʼ
һʮꡣҹδڳΪһɵʦȻϥڣʼʮáȻЩ뵽ԼĴ֮СأΧʼϢ
һ죬죬졭˹ȥʮ졣
ҹδϵϢǿһ˿ΪѾ컯֮ƿһ˿϶ֻһ˿϶оش䡣Ҳ컯˸Ϊֻ֪һ˿϶شʼ壬ԪԪȻķȺССķǰǲܷ顣
ҹδڵı壬ԪԪͶȶﵽ컯ءΪƽԲԣֻҪûֻĻҲֻܹǾԲһ˿Լı壬ԪԪͶȵġ
ǣǵһ˿컯ƿһ˿϶֮󣬱컯ʼʱ򣬴ı壬ԪԪ
˵ȷĵ·ϡ
ҹδ߳ңʶ˳ȥʮӣֻɽϣ߸һһǰǸӿԼǰͻȻһˣһҹδ룬æʩ
Ӱ׺ưݼ
߸أ
Ƕȥˡ
ҹδͷʶɨһ£׺ƵΪ֮ܵǰ
ǵΪһ
ţ
ҹδ벢֣ܵһؿű츳Ҳôͻܵġ
˽ɣʲô׵ĵطҡ
׺۾һֲһֱδ壬Ҳ뿪δ壬˵Ŀе֪ԼķǾǳڵһ棬ǧ䣬ѾﵽƽԲһһ֮ʥɷ֮ʥʦɵʦŷԼǼֱһĻԵл֮󣬴ҴȥˣлΪе߸ͬź
ҹδȡһΣ档ܿ죬ӾͱӶ
ݼ
ɡ
ӱҹδϥ
ʲô⣬ʰɡ
ҹδ죬뿪ˡȻδ壬ž䣬Ұͮ͹˹ʶһɨбֲ̾Ұû̫顣ǰ󶼹ȥʮˣ˵ΪͣԭĲΣƽڡˣڽܹΪͻƵƽԲͲˡ
ʵϣڵδ岢ûж顣ֻĸӣֲͬǳȥ׬ȡԴӡǵĴ󲿷ʱҲӦöĽӡžΪͻƵԲ
ҹδĸ˽ɽ󡣴Ҵ¹ȥĸ˲ȥҹδ룬оܡڳ˴ͨĺôʧδ壬뵽ңʼһоһƿܡ
оĿܣȻҪľ硣ʵϲûжѣܴܵӣֻ꣬ҹδƳĸʵﵽ۷ĿܡĸܣܰԷϵĸܻܵˡĸܻܵصδ壬Ȼĸ۶Ŀ͸ž䣬Ұͮ͹ÿһǴ


1239 뷨
Ȼҹδ뿪ʼ˵ãںϣȻֻһ֧Ĵܴ󣬳⽫ЩںϵԼĴ֮С
˶ʮڽЩںϽ뵽ԼĴСһ컯֮Ŵ򿪵ķ϶ˡ컯Ĵһ
ͨЧҽȽͻƵʥɡ
ҹδֻصңΪһĹĴȡ˳ʼ˱չء
һεıչؼΪҴҰ˰ȥҹδѾǧꡣռİ£ҹδ˰˰ʱ䣬̤֮ʥ

ҹδ³һ̫ˣռİûռ䣬˵˰ˡǰҲͻƲˡ
ٴα۾ʼ˰˵ãȻ뵽ԼشС
Ҵһٶȥ
ʵϲǳڣŴŶʼΪǧһεĿɽͽпʼˡҰҲ˳뿪δ壬ȥѰ츳ϼѵĵͽžҲ˼ȥˡ
Ŵŵɽ嶼ͽʽһֱŵӽ뵽ţЩӿ԰ɽɽ˿УͿΪɽӡڶֱֿɽͽѰҡ
ÿһοɽͽǸɽѡӵʱ򡣱ֵĺӻᱻɽֱߡʣأ
ʣĵӣﲻĵȻգЩ˻뿪Ŵţģֻܹţһ̤š
ÿһӿŴμӿ˵˶ǳ࣬رڵ˸ࡣ˭֪ǳɳ֮ƣܹͳһȵģҲ̫ˡ
ҰĸڿУۿ·˵ĵӡһģиɽˣǱȡ
ҰҲһܹ֮ʮӣΪڸ峤ϿҹδϣˡǷһοԣԲֵܷڶΡһαضҲյһʮϼ츳ʵĵˡ
Ұ˻ġ
Ͼҹδ죬յҲ˫ѡ񡣲λϿ˭ǸӾġҪͬ⡣Ըĸɽ壬ķҲûа취
غܶӶǱδİɣ
ҰֳЦݡ
ž俴һۣʶʦ֣Ҫ̫ˡ
ţҰʶ䣬ʲô˼
һкܶǱδģ㲻̫ࡣҪ档ܰ˶ˡ
ţףֻʮӡ
ž죺ɡܹŻжٶĵӣ
Ұ룬̾ϢһҲףҹδǿҲܶռôΪûءδͬһһ㣬ҲʮӡȻҲǵӵѡ˵ʲôδضᱻڹ
ǾɡҰܲԸ
žȰʦ֣ӹ󾫲ࡣδ岻ҪôӡδֻʮԵδġǶ̫ƾõԪǧһյӣδͻΪġΪɽͻ컯֮󣬻뿪ɽ壬ȥռһɽ塣ɽĵӻ뿪𣿡
ᣡҰҡͷɽδɵӲ뿪ûǶδ𣿡
һµĿɽͽˣҰӣϲ̡ɽˣȻЩϲڳܷΧ֮ڣϾҰԭΪδ廹ʮ
һڳϴԼյĵӽУгҰʵʦܣܾûмҹˣǧ˰ɣҹδһֱڱչأ
ţҰͷϴηѾȥ˾Űٶˡ
һڳϷ׷ҡͷ޾пΪһαչؼǧ꣬궼ǳ¡ֻҹδҪֱͨչصͻ컯ûпܡٹ˼ǧ꣬ҹδͻأȥˡ
Ұ˻صɽ壬ŵס¡ȻҲûʲôˡĸҰĶںȲ衣ҰͻȻ
һֱƽ۷壬ҲͻƲˡأ
ͮ͹Ҳͷž䵹ͻƵ۷壬ٶҲܶࡣž
뿪ţȥһʱ䡣
Ҳһ취Ұͷ䣬ҲҪ̫ΪͻѾǳˡȥҲԳΪؼͻơ
ףأ
ҰҿڵһֱоҲ˵ͨҪԣɽŵĴУоһšѧѧ


1240 
ͮҲ۾һ԰ҲⴥͨĶЧѧϰ󡣡
ҲĶѧϰƷ
պ
ž뿪ţȥȥɷִУͮȥִУҰȥִС
ֹȥ˶ʮ꣬ҹδڽ˰ٶ뵽˴֮Сһ컯֮Ŵһ롣컯ӵ壬ԪԪٵشͻ컯صĺۼ
˴ʱҹδѾסʿΪͻƵƽԲ֮±Ҫ컯ȷ򣬾һѵ˾ųɾŵˡȻȷ˷򣬾Ǹֱ컯ţһѵʣµľųɾŵˡǿţվǰһѵʣµľųɾŵˡپȥţƿһ˿컯й¶ʿԪ񣬱Ԫ
Ҫͻ컯壬ԪԪȴﵽ컯硣ƿţһ˿͵õĻᡣ꣬Զͻ컯ĻᡣŽƿԽԽ󣬵ȵЧҲԽԽáսꡣ
ҹδߵò·ڻûȷ컯ʱ򣬾ΪԼشﵽ컯Ѿﵽ컯ءԣŻñȱ˸졣컯ƿҲ졣
ֱȫƿһѡҲΪʲôɽ컯ʿϡٵԵʡ
ҹδҲֻƿһţȫƿ֪ܲܽȥȥ֮Σ
ΪżԼôҲƲˣ·ѾԼļޡ֪Լ֮һӽƿôȫΪԼ֮ͻʥںϵ֮СںϣûķǾһˮĥ򣬲֪²ܹȴȫƿ
Ҫɵ֮ˡ
Ѿ˴ͨĺôɷﵽʥҲֻɵ֮ڴʦ硣ԣ򵤵
Ѿչ˽ǧ꣬Ҳ÷һˡ֪ڵδ巢չˣԼĴʲôΪˣ
ĸûз
ҹδ߳˶ʶ˳ȥ
ţ粻ڣ
Ȼ˱еҰˣҲһЩӡ
ţİĵӡСӦǲղõĵӡ
ҹδʶڱҰͮ͹˫ۣ⼤
ˣ
Ӱӱзҹδǰݼ
ҹδһ䣬˷𣺡Ҵأ
ȥˡԲҪȥͻڡ
ҹδɫһϲٶȻǺܿǸͼռҵռ仹áȻؿһҰˣ
ôƽԲ
ҰɫֳΣǸǵҲֲǲ֪
аɣյˣ
ţҰҵһӶѾͻܵ
ҹδͷʲô׵ĵطҡ
Ұ˴ϲ㽫ԼһֱԻĵ;ҹδһһ⣬¾ʴйȥҰ˻ȥչˡҹδֽɽϵĵ˹ָЩӽһ¡Ȼȥңʱ䣬ƳĸܣĸѾǻʵˡ
ҹδɺһû̴ڳǽںϵһܣȻ뵽ԼĴ֮СܹƶˣȻֻƶһ㣬ȴ컯ᶨƵͦ
ĸΪĿܣܰԷϣܰԷ壬ֳ֮ɫ죬̾һ
ĸ磬ôûз
ҡҡͷĸΪĿ룬㽫ĸΪĿܣԷһڵĸر֡ȻҲûлδ壬뿪ɽ壬ȥݷڣڱչأתһȦּʿڱչأеҲҵ˼ûбչصĳϣȲ۵£ҹδصδ壬뵽ҡʼ
Ҫʥ÷ڻĴпһ飬Ȼ㿪ʼһһܣʱͣйۿҲűÿһڶһЩҩͲڵϣϡ̫Ĳҩӻ
ȫҹδԼռȫﲻæĽǳҴǽǧȥžˡΪѾͻƵڣҲֻءֻҪ˺ؿʣµСؿһЩҰˣǧʱ䣬ɿƽǰȴǶЩҪʱȥĥҲż֪ԼͻƲ컯ƽǻżʲô


1241 
ǻ˼ɽʮӡǧʱ䣬ʮҲȷʵҲʺãɽ٣Ұָ㡣㣬ףŸִУһĸӶͻƵֻڣڶҲͻܵµһ꿪ɽͽҪʼˡ
һա
ҹδˣûͻƵʥ˽ǧ꣬˵ûнȴʼûͻǵżǧʱ䣬ҹδƵĶǷϵҲܹ˻ӻһˣͻӻˡҲǵʥΪʲôѣʵ̫ķԴˡ
ҹδأټǼʮӵΪָǴɽһ¡ȻǸžĸ˴ɽ˰ꡣҰҹδ㱨ʵҲûʲô㱨˵˵Щӵ״˭ȽһЩǧʱ䣬ʱҲ뿪ţȥռһЩԴʹУŽ˲Ͳر⣬ȵȵȵȡ
žȥ˼꣬Ҳռ˲ٵԴʹУҲŽ˲Ͳر⡣δȻ٣ǵȴԽӵ
Ȼ󣬱һٶſɽͽ顣Ұ˼ǣҹδȥͽҹδ棬ǾͲˣʮЩϣôҲøҹδ뼸Ӱɣ
ҰʧǣҹδܾˡܾˣһҰе࣬ҹδ˼δҪҰõģһˡһҲԡʵûкӣһҲС
Ұ뿪ˣҹδҡҡͷôŪôӸ
ȥδ壬ʮһη壬Ϊʹڶھ˼죬žȥˡҹδ룬ȥӭҹδܸˡϴιչˡԼʵ
ʦ֣ͻûУ
ȥһ磬˽ǧ꣬ΪǰͻƵ컯ԲҲûоҡͷ
СͻƣҪͻƵ컯ڣҪϣҲܿˡ
ĵĴЦ˵ûд˵ʿÿͻƶΪλĻƽʿÿͻƾʮΪΪ컯ʿÿͻƶ԰Ϊλּľ콾
ҹδǲ֮ͬͬռ׵ıԸ֮ͨ⣬ԪԪϣѾﵽһʮһúͱ˱ȽϣͺԼȽϣ֪֮Ŀֲÿһζ࿪һϣҹδѾûп֮ǰǧΪһֱһͻͽ̬
Ҳ֪վҪԣҪϲסտʼԣԽԽѡرǿһٸԺ뿪һ϶ǧѣҪ޾ȥĥҹδܹ֮ôϣǺźܴĹϵ
ķ˵
ı˼ǧꡣڵǻûпһٸϣϵĺôֳֻһС֡
δ룬ǰ£Щ֣Ϊ֪ڵδѾˣ֪ҹδֹΪʲô
Ѿʥҹδ뺬Ц
һϲ֮ʥˣ
ţҹδ뺬Цͷ
죡ϲһʥ֣ɲֻδ塣
ҹδȻʧЦǸ±ִҪŹ׵ġ
Цõ㻹Ź׵㣬ȥŹ׵㶼ˡɽôˣҪôŹ׵ʲô
òϣɽϵЩҲò˶١δɽĵܻԽԽࡣҵģҸﲻҪ
ԶԶԣġ´б֮һȥµȥµ㡣
Ҳҹδ뽫ŵıﶼһˡҹδԣҲòϣδδĵãҲͻƵһ磬ܹǸԴһȥÿһҲò˶١
ҹδֲȰѱﶼһˣԼɽˡźɽַȥʵ
δ룬ʥ֮󣬴ͨ𣿡
ţ
ڴﵽʲô̶ȣʲôʱͻ컯
ҹδҡͷЦء
Ҳǣ̾Ϣƽ磬ÿͻһأʮΪλѾˡ컯żȴѡЩϼһﶼ㣬ضͻ컯ʱҲ죬㲻Ҫ


1242 ǧ
Ҳҹδ뺬ЦɽƽȣûʲôΣҪȥԡˡ
Ҳǣһȡ˵Цҿ˵ˣ㻹ûͻʱ첻ţˡͻ֮رڣȴһֱ档
ҹδֳ˼ҲӦóȥˡ
ȥҲСʵڱ컯ڶδشù㡣컯ڣӣҲס㡣ԣϲΣա
˵˵ЦЦ˺ɽ֣кܶĵҲûдЩӣȡ񱮵ݸҹδ룬ҹδ㿪ʼʥС
ʱţеӴѣҹδ룬æǰݼ˵ҹδѾͻʥִУϢʹ˳ȥϢ˶ϲرЩϣһܵۿ
ȻҲǶЩصʿ֪ǱصĳԭҲںʱ䣬ҹδǧΪ֣ҲҪҹδɡرֽ̽һվϾվ棬ҹδǾߵġ
Щ˵еġͷʥˣֻǵǿĴвʦ⻹ҹδġԺ󵤵ڳڳΪƵһɽ塣ԺҪֵӶˡ
ԽԽջΪ׵ɽ塣ĻȨޱ
ԣȵºҹδ뽫̰֮Թؿҹδ
δ룬ɲܺ˱˰
ҹδЦʦ㣬̫ˡҲûѾǴʦˡһҾȥ壬ʦĴ¡
ϲȻʦʥǼǷͷʥУܳʥ
˴оܹʥ²֪жʥˡͲָˡԣֻҪ˴ʦУͲɽ塣ǰҹδֵ
Ǿȥ
ʲôڲԸˣܲˡѵþ۵ô룬ȿһվĽɡ
˷׷׵ͷǣҲͬ⡣Ҳ뽻վҹδȻûƴǣһ˾ꡣʱЩ˻ǳҹδҲˡÿһվĹУŶԼĵãһʵҲһЧǳõĴͨÿ˶ֿ˼ϣҹδҲﵽһʮ
˷׷ɢȥȥչҹδ룬˹µȽ͵屮ִеĹµõ֣ȻȥչأҹδڵɽУʼ񱮴СؾһԱĿչأ˵á
µʱ䣬ҹδ㽫񱮴ɣأصδ塣Ҳ붴ʼ꽻ãվ
ҴҰȥҹδԪϿһʮ߸꽻Ҳľˡ컯֮ƿ˲٣ҹδı壬ԪԪͻƵ컯سڡ
üˡ
ҹδٴγأȻ뵽ʦʥ
һǧȥ
ҹδ̾һǧķϵûƳһʥƷҩҲǧ꣬ʥһ򣬲Ҫ̤ʥҹδԼûǧʱ䣬Ȼûͻʥڵ͹㲩
ȥɣ
ҹδŷϵ˳ǧʱ䣬˴ķϵЩҩȻǷϵȴҲǼõϡҹδҲûнЩϵ뱾ڵĲҩҪЩҩֱֲϣҪʲôϣ
ҹδӶڳվδϿ˿ȡһָһָڵķϵ˳ƮڿУͬһƬƣȻٿЩϵδ壬˵棬涼һ㣬ȻҹδĲٿ£˵£Ȼܽ⡣
ʵϣδǧԪ£ѾƷʱЩϵ֮ܽһԾΪƷһɽƷ
Ȼҹδ뿴ɽľӲݾͲˡ뵱ɽģȻû˴ЩɹķֲˡҹδҲһֱûдЩľȻĸܴܵҲûзԸǣҲǴɨɨҹδĶͶΧ
ҹδʶ˳ȥɽ壬ȻʶһʣɽĲľͶʳ촷ۣɽΪķϡʱգɽƷﻹ
žǣЩӣΪ˹ɽڳڣδŴ󱣻˭ɱ


1243 
Ȼ󿴵ҹδվɽϣһžЩãȻ
δ룬ʲô¶ˣ
ûʲôЩľ˳ۣ׼ֲһ
žֱⲻе
վŮӣƿβľҪһ
ҹδȡĹˣЩ˶ǱڵЩɹʹҹδġ⼸ǧɽ磬û¾ͳԼ˴ĹˣЩʶٿ£գδĵƣеļƻеĹ˲ϵصУȻСȻȡ˴ĸָҩӣƮ˿УĲУҲڡȻ֣
ˣɡ
žҡҡͷһ뿪ˣصԼĶԸø
ҹδ룬ȥңʼƿܡλѵʱȽϳҴҹȥ˰꣬ҹδƳһϵĿܣ֮ƾͿˡһЩ֮뿪ңܰԷ壬󣬲ر⣬ĸܻ˺ϵܡֽĸбеĸҲ˺ϵܡȻԼɽĸܵܣ۰ԷĸܺͱеĸܾͷŽ˲ر⣬ɽĵӿԶһ
Լʣµİ˸ϵܻصδ壬Ǵδ塣ҹδǸ֪δɽ塣
ʱȥɹѾ󣬲Ҳ󣬾ԶأȴҲδֳɫʣټɽĲҩ̺졣ҹδΪ⡣
˶еδ壬ֶһοɽͽҰҲ뿪ˣɽôˣֻӡɽҰֻҲûкϾҹδĵλ̫ˡȻֻƽԲ˭֪ҹδضͻ컯ҹδѾɷ֮ʥ֮ʥ֮ʥʥûĸҹδӡҰյ츳ѵĵӡ
ҹδ뿪ʼЩӽһ࣬ȻЩȥȻʼžĸ˽žѾأҰҲֻ̤ƽڡԣһҹδ뽲ǽһ꣬ĸ˶ǳƻȥչһʱ䣬ųԴӦܹͻˡ
Щû뿪˹
㻹Щɹ˺Ͳҩ𣿸һЩ£

Ҳɽ²һ¡
ڿǿδĺˣ̫ˡ˵ֻŮϲ˭ϲԼɽ羰˭鲻ã
ҵɹˣԼԲдѲǰ԰ڣ
˵еˣ
û˵û˵ĸ˶ҡͷ
ҹδ벻ɱЦˣȡ˴Ĺ˺ӷָĸˣĸ˻ϲصػصԼɽ壬Ȼͺ¡¡ؽеĲľȻ󽫹˺Ͳҩȥ
ɡ
̫ˣ
ҹδֿʼ֮СһǧȥҹδƳһʥҩ
ʱҹδѾǧˡҲֻƳһšʥҩһ¯ܹţҹδֻƳһţŶǷϵǳɹһţҲֻһƷ
ǳɹĿʼ
ҹδϥĬĬǧ˵ãȻ뵽ԼĴ֮С컯Ѿƿ֮컯壬壬ԪԪ컯رƽ
ں꣬ҹδصδ壬ԾؿԼɽ嶼ѾƷ룬ҲˣԼɽƷһ󣬱ûзϵҲǧƵķϵδϣʱ䣬δΪƷ
һʱ䣬ľͲҩøˡĿ֮һƬ塣
ҹδ뿪ʼıչҪվ
һʮȥҹδˡһҲûпվ̶ȣÿһ̫ˡ֪ҪãܹٶȿһϡԷչרϣԺͰͰ࣬ÿһʱͿˡҲȥЩöˡ
ȥоܰɣʳĿܡ
ɽ粻ûпܣרܵšǿĿܹǿĿܣҲֻܡϡ٣֮Ǽټٽֿȥ飬߻ȡΪϡԴΪһ̫ˡ
ѲķʽѣΪϵϡȱʿʵѾɽĶˡ컯ʿǲɽģҲ֡컯ֵĶҲֻ컯ʲôսС컯ʿ϶뿪ţһǱޡͨ㶼ɽ翴һ컯֡


1244 
컯ʿǴ˵
Ȼƽ磬ƽʿʵҲٳ֡æͻ컯û˭й䣿
ҲֻʿɽɽĴѰһԵʿϾͨϵɽ綥ʿˡʿشѾˡһӵһܡ
̫ˣ
οһܵĿܱҪ߻жߣ
ߵôôһرҪĲϣ
ԣ˵ʵ硣
ҹδֿܴܵĲ
ܣ
ôһڣôûĲϣ
ĲֵáЩܹܶɱȻֻһܣֲȱʿԣҹδûһܡǺһʿûʲôģܹͷͨͷŽġҹδʳ硣ʳܡֿǲͷͨͽġֻдΪʳͲͷͨʳֻдʳĿܣȻҲˡ
ˣʳĿʵϲ൱ʿܹͷͨĿܡʳ忹ᰡʿԷɣ뿪Ҳʳ취ࡣ
ʳƿҲһôǽʡƵḶ́һܵˣֱʳˡҲѣβܹ׷ӳһʳ壬ӳŵʱȫ
ҹδһٶʮ˸ʳĸƽʳ塣ҪϵسԣʳʬһܡҪںϡ֮ǰѾʼⷽоܹϵĿܡһЩҲֻǻ˵ֻǻͺϵľ蹵
ҹδ뿪ʼǱޣڷܣ򣬳ԡ
Ҵȥҹδ벻ûһܣһٵʳ壬ٵúܳףǲƿܵ֡ȻЩϧҲȫ˷ѡ֮󣬳ΪɱĲϡ
ʱһһĹȥҹδѾ˾ǧꡣζоܾͻǧʱ䡣ֻٵʳ塣ûƳһɹĿܡоԼƿȥ˷Ѻܾõʱ䣬Ҫʱܵо£ȥɵġǣˡ
ټž䣬Ұͮ͹ǵΪҹδֳϲɫžѾͻƵءҰͮ͹ҲһһֻѾƽأֻʱˣΪѾҵ˷
ڵδѾʮŸӣΪߵһѾˡҹδЩ˽һ꣬Ȼȥҿʼ֮ǰѾܹƳһƷʥҩˡھҪʣԼܹһ¯ƳƷʥҩⲢףȻѾʥѾ⡣ʥʥÿһ˿ǧѡ
˵ģҹδķѵԴŵˡɼһôԴְҵǳҪһʦѧͽһֱʥ˽ǡҲҹδԼԴŵĲҩоǧ꣬ʶڵ˴Ĳҩȱҩ
ҹδֿʼ˿֮ãһ¯¯ҩϵƳÿһ¯ҩƳϸϸһ飬ȻơĲҩӻһ¯¯ҩƳÿһ¯ҩֻһƷʥŷϵʵϣһƷʥҩֵҲΪˣۡΪʥҩǿԸ컯ʿõġ
ʥҩҲһ֣еܹԪģеܹģеܹԪģܹʿƽ֮УӿشġҹδһֱƵֻеһ֣ǴġҲû˷ƳĵҩÿƳһţˡԣҴҰȥûһ¯ƳʥҩԼıȴѾ컯شԲֱ컯ء
ǣҩԶˣʣʥҩҲ⡣ҪʣʵҲܼ򵥣壬ʱƳ⡣ִؾġǱ
ҹδˣΪٲԼڵĵҩʣɴ⡣ϾԼ˰ĵҩ̫ĵҩʡ뿪δ壬ֱ
ʺϸĲΣײıʺϴ徳ʿԣÿŸεʿǰ塣

Ǵ壡
ʿд塣ԣÿﶼۼ˴ʿ


1245 ǰ
ҹδһ뵽֮Уʿûп˭ȥˡҹδһ뵽㲻ϵǰϲ㣬һһһ㣬֮ƽʿһ㣬ոҪһ㣬ʺ컯ʿһ㣬һ
ҹʦã
ҹδһ٣תͷȥԭһƽʿ㡣Ȼҹδ룬Ծ
ҹʦãҿ㷽Ҫȥһ㣿
ţҹδͷ
ɫȣ컯ʿܹܵ
ҵıѾﵽ컯ˣʦ㣬ǡ
ҹδ̤˴ʧڴСֻ𾪵Ŀ㣬Ȼҹδ붼ƽԲǧˣ컯Ҳ̫֣ܲ˵顣
ǡǡΪʲôʧأ
ҹδһ㣬һܼĿ֮ҫһƬ
֮Գɿռ䣬ԽߣԽǿʱΧҹδ뿴ʿǳڵƽԲʿҲΪ˴壬Լ컯硣ҲֻΧҴһʱ䣬ҪָʱҲҹδ룬ҹδǲ⡣ҲƽԲˣҹδҲƽԲ˵Ӧˡ
ҹʦˣ
λʦ֡
ҹʦãһҪСģܺǿԲעˣĿܣһɡ
лλʦ֡ҹδҡͷҲûҵıﵽˣҪһЩ
ʲô
ﵽˣƽԲʿ𾪵ؿҹδ롣ҹδҲûжӶȥ
ҹδٶȣ緽ʦԣܺǿһӳͷˣԼˡ
ǰвã㿴һʦ㣬һƽԲѾոտ硣λʦҲҹδ룬ȵ
ҹʦãѾ컯ˣ
ţʦ㣬ǰȥˡҹδҲʦһк߽֮УĿʦ㡣
ǰߣûʿ˴Լӣһʿʿһ컯۷컯ʿڳھû컯ڵʿΪ͵Ҳ컯ءʿҹδ룬һ
ҹʦã𣿡
ҡҹδͷʦ֡
㡭ôߵѾ컯ˣ
ûУҹδߵǸʿƽеλãŰҵľ룬оλøոպãΪҲ컯۷塣
ֻǱﵽ컯硣
ﵽ컯ôߣ
ЩԵ
ҹδһ䣬㿪ʼ壬ڵĵҩʡǸʿȵؿһ³һʼҾˡҹδƽܹ˳̶ȣԣҹʦýһǧ֮ǰͻ컯ǸʱлЦ߿ҹδ룬ڿδҪһǧ갡
ҵŬˣ㽫Ҫҹʦ׷ϣܶһһꡣ
˶˵ˣϷͣغûˡˣһڵʣһڴԼ塣
һ
ҹδ͸о׷һᣬһ˿ʱųȥˡǧԹʥҩ׷˳ڴͣĴ
һҹδ뱾ͻˡͻƵ컯ء֮ʦָ֪ˣ𾪵ؿҹδ룺
ҹʦãͻˣ
ţʦ֣һȥˡҹδʦֵͷתͷӶȥ
ҹδδ壬ֿʼȥо֮ûйãڳϲСȦһϢҹδıѾﵽ컯أҹδòһǧܹͻ컯ҹδսǶʮ컯зǳڴһҹδͻ컯սжǿ
ҴȥҹδƳһ컯ܡȻͷͨսҲˣҿᡣˣҹδͿʼϵơʣһٶʮʮʱ䣬һٶʮʳʬ嶼羳Ŀܡ
Ӧ֮ͨĸܣڳЩϵȿܣŽ˲ر⣬ṩӶһȻڲ󣬲ر⣬һܣбִԷһܣָž䣬Ұͮ͹ÿܣ˾ʮܣϻʣһܡδ壬һ濴Ķһδ塣ȻһٸܷһָУ뿪ţǰڡ


1246 ѷ
֮ͨڵ컯ʿȻӦ˱ˣҪ
һ·ϣҹδûԼɣʱǳػȥһչ˼ǧ꣬Ҳһ¡
ûʲô飬һڡҲ˳ؼ֮ͨҹδڵݵλûĸŸҲӡ
ҹδɽдڵûһ֮ͨʹ߽˴ţҹδ룬ĵĴЦ
ҹʦã㣬ߣȥҵĶ
ҹδ֮֮ͨͨĶȥ·;У֮ͨʵ
ҹʦãǲˣ
ҹδЦŵͷǣô֪ģ
֮ͨЦӦҵֻһ£ݵλʵҲûʲôҪҰæˡ£ʲô¶
ҹδ벻ݸ
ҹʦãƳĿܣ
ţҹδͷǽʳʬƳģҲֻʳǵı졣ͷͨ
Ҳˡ
֮ͨЦѾ컯˵òĿܡ˭ûмߵӣ
͸Լ͵ӣǾһǿĻߡ˵ٶȺܿ죬ɽϡ붴֮ͨݲ裬Ȼݸҹδһ裺
ҹʦãл
ҹδӹ裬һڣ²豭㿴
ҹδһ֣ӴָȡĸܡȻһݸ֮֮ͨͨ˿֪ܡ
ܡ
£Ǹһȭ˹֮ͨһֻץ˿ܵȭͷȭͷ֮ͨϣ֮ͨһץס֮ͨɫϲ
Ȼܣ̫ˣɿ˴֣ҹδ룬ĿƣҹʦãƳƽܣ
ûУҹδҡͷһû򵽡
ñĲϡƳܹͷͨ𣿡
ҹδҡͷڿ϶УҾʳʬΪƵģڼ䶼˺öʳʬ壬Ƴȥܹͷͨܿ϶СҪʱо˵Ҫǧʱ䣬ڼĲϡ϶Ĳ𡣡
֮ͨͷֳźǰĴðĲ϶ѻġҹʦãһ¶
ʦ֣˵
Ӧ˲ܰɣ
ţ
Ҽ𣿡
ܣҹδܾĺܸɴࡣ
֮ͨЦ֪
ҲûҪҹδܹʵŵѾˡһʲô͵õĸܡҹδ뻹顣֮ͨ㲻֮£ǴҹδڡҲڵ컯ʿύҹδ룬Ȼǲ֪ҹδܣҹδ뻹һʥ
ҹδҲûģȡһЩʥЩ컯ʿһһЩԴЩ컯ʿҹδ룬ΪľЩǵȻòϣǾ仰˭ûмص͵ӣ
һŵӷǾǾĵơֽᣬҹδڲμ˼ΡȻ᲻ֻǽԴоǽĵáⷽ棬˵Щ컯ָҹδ롣ҹδǳҹδҲٴ͸ÿ컯ʿһʥ˰ҹδȥ
кܸˣһβСĽ컯˲ٵ컯ִ˲١
һա
ҹδһй䣬ȴȻһϢڼ֮أгһ޴ѷ죬ܶǸѷȥҹδ룬ҲȥûԼɣǳż֮طȥ
ɽ̫ˣҹδҲ꣬ŵ˼֮ءڳңңؾͿһѷ죬ǵѷȥԽǵѷԵԽ󣬽أڵıϣվʿĿһɨûмŴԼʶʿЩʿûиϹ
̧ͷǸѷȥѷĵط˰
ҹϣ
ͻȻٻԼҹδѰȥڷεʿ߷ʿǺϵҹδǰҹδʩ
Ӽҹϡ
ҹδͷô
ǰѰѩȻͿѷ졣뵽űضгϸųϡҹϣֻһǰ
ǣҲ£ԸųϻҪһЩʱ䡣ʲô֣
Ǹҡͷûнȥ֪ʿȥˣҲûг
ҹδ̧ͷ˿ȥ
ǣҹСġ


1247 
ҹδСģѷʲô޴ԼȥǵվѷǰҲûз
ʱ·ʿͷͷҹδ롣ʱǶѾ֪ǳڵҹδ롣ƽԲʿǵĿжڴʱʿҹδΪߵġ
ҹδ뽫ʶ̽˽ȥСȴ⡣ûʲôռɱʶ
ҹδջʶü˼
ȻѷûΣգΪʲôȥʿһֱûгģ
ҹδ룬ȥ
һðյĴ̫ˣҲ͵ӴˡҲȷʵðյʱƽԲΪ嶼ﵽ컯ءһ䣬˳ڼǰ
ˣҽȥ
ǣЩӹӦǡ
УȥʿΪǶ٣
ߵľǺϵ
ҹδͷȻֱ̤ռѷ죬˲ʧ˿ռѷ֮С
ҹδ뵽ռѷУͣû롣ͷһۣǿռѷ졣ܹȷԼĲǿռƺռȶҲûо޴·һռ涴תͷǰȥǰһͨͨܶǿռڣͨι״ѣеĵط֣еĵطϸ֪ж೤Ҳ֪ͨ
ҹδվ˼Ƭ̣оռͨʲôʿôʲô󷨿ٳġǱ忪һռͨԼ˽ȥͨǡ
ҹδ뽫ʶӳȥϸ̽顣óһۡռͨܿǱռͻȻ˾޴𶯣Ӳؼôһռͨռͨûйˡͨʮֲִڣι״ҿռҲȶȻڿǰĿռڷǳȹ̣ǰĿռںܿʮϡĵطҺܿǰһͬ
ҪȥҹδǰȥٶȲҲ졣һ߷УһΪͨҲΪռļѹżΪŨĿռԴռԵĴҹδ
ֱֿռԣǷǳǳ˻Ե־£ϵ򣬲ϵԼڶڱչġ
컯
컯磬ѾûԵˡһʿҪͻ컯Ҫʮȫ棬仰˵ȫ򡣶ΪĳЩشмΪصġʱͿռ䡣ԽˮľΪ֮䣬źܶԡռͲͬˡ
ڣҹδԵԼ˿ռһ飬Լ컯ˡ
ռǴİغģľˮֻԣʵ϶ڿռ֮Сռּ翣ڿռ֮Уȴпȥ
ڣĿռԴֿɵã·һһʿڿռ֮СĴʮִ⣬㶼ǿռԡ
ҹδ˵һĻԵЩϵʿ֮ͨ󣬶ǷҪռ̽ռͨľͷܹռˡ
ٶȣΪҪ򣬵δؾͰȫԷٶȣܹԼͻȻ״ʱüӦ
Ҫ󲻸ߣ컯Ѿ;ֻ֮Ҫ;ܹԼ֮ˮƽˡ
ԼĿꡣ
ռͨûһ˿˿ǰҲûͬ飬һ鶼ûУϵĹ¼šһαһȥˣҹδǶһˡûǰЩˣҲûʿӺ׷֪ûٽǽ˺һڷٶȣһ̽һռ
ĬĬطУĬĬ컯űһ˿˿ƿ
ڼҲ˿ռڼΪϡ֮ҿ϶ֻҪԼһȭܹǸռڴ顣ռʲô
ûô
һһռԼȥɽĿռɲĿռıﵽ컯أҲðǸա
ʱżҲ˼ʲôԭɵ޴ѷ죿
֮Ȼһ֡
ǵŷں磬ʱռ䶼ˡˣռ䴫ѹγһͨҲûпܡǷǳпܡ
ͨͨ
᲻ͨ磿
ͨڲűֲ֡ϾǼ֮أ˼
ͨ磬ԼҪСˡ
ôǱûͬĿռѷ죿
УΪʲô廹ûй


1248 
ҹδ룬޷ǾһǰǸͬͨ塣һͨ壬ǿռѷҲһΪ֮ûб巢֡
ǱߵҲոշռѷ죬ʱԼһӶķ̽
ˣԼҪСˡ
˹ȥʮꡣ
ҹδǶһˣûǰˣҲûкʿ׷ʮ¶У컯Žƽƿ֮ġ
һա
۾
˹
ռͨڵһƬҲŹģǹЩ谵ǰĹȴࡣ
ѵǳڣ
ҹδ벢ûмǰǱøСٶؽӽأһ޴Ŀռѷ졣ʶ˳ȥһƬɭ֡ûп˼
ҹδһӣӿռѷгĿɨӡ
Χ޾ɭ֣ľ죬ÿһôܸߣ˰ɡռѷ첢ڿУڵرҹδֻ΢˼һ£֪Ӧһ˼ΪΣ֮Բûѷ졣
ôʲôط
Ҳһռ䣬Ҳһ硣
ҹδ뿴˿رѷ죬ĵطңʮҪԼǱߵĿռѷС١
ҹδ룬ʼһ󣬽ѷҲرѷ죬һƬɭ֣ΧĻΪһ塣Ȼȡһ񱮣˷ƣ߽˻񱮲ѷԵĵϡôһôһãҹδܹ֪Ҳ
ڶãѶϢˡ
Ȼ˻Ÿ߿շȥڸ߸ߵĿУȥڵΪܹüΪңԶȻѡһ򣬼ɶȥ
ȻСģҲûʲô¡ڵΪ磬ܹԼµ飬ѾΪϡ١
ҹδٶǲҲԲǷǳ졣ɵķǳߣɵĸ߶ȣ飬Ҳѷ
˷죬߿гһֻ˫ͷӥҹδ룬ҹδ˻˹ҹδһץƷֻ˫ͷӥơ˫ͷӥһ־Уȴɱҹδץǰ
ʶӹ˫ͷӥ΢ɡ˫ͷӥɽϢûʲô𣬿ﲢһ磬Ӧúɽࡣ
Ҳɱ˫ͷӥɢȥ˷Ǹ˫ͷӥչӣ˲Ϣ֮䣬ʧӰ
ºڷɳ֣Ŀ˸һ£·ĵϣˣ׼뵽֮СһŮɽڵûʲô
ҹδ˼һ£·ȥ·ʿоˣ̧ͷȥȻû̫Ľ䱸Ҳֻ΢Щ䱸ģ϶º͵Цݡ
Ǹմ޾ɭгһ޺ʵ
ҹδˣ˶ǳºͣº͵һǻѬճģҹδľ磬׸֪
ˣҹδĽ䱸֮Ҳ˲٣Ĺ¶Уֹ¼ŵû
ţҹδͷǸոմҹδ룬γƺ
ɫɽڷơҵʦܣʦٻ
λҪȥ޾ɭ֣
£ȥƵ
һԵٻЦʦ֣˵ˣҪȥ׽ɫ¹ˣαƭҹѣ
ƱЩɫڨڨҹѣҾͺÿڸ֮һȥɱɫ¹Ȼȥţдѡҵĳڱ̴½ġ
̴½
ҹδ˼һҲһˡ̴ⷽ½ǰ˵ΪҲǺϵֻǲ֪ǲⷽǿߡǿߣͲɽǸˡ
Ҫú˽һ£˾ԼͻƿڣϱֳЦݣȻͬ⡣Ҳ¶ֿЦݣǸŮٻߵҹδߣ
ҹѣ֪оɫ¹ɽھ޾ֲԶǿȥء
ãͼλˡ
ĸ˽뵽޾Уٻҹδ벢Уҹո˵һ˾͸ҽ޾֡
ҹδ벢֪޾жΣգΪһֱںܸߵĸ߿зСܹٻ˵ⷬ޾кܶΣաЦЦװʵ
һǵһߣλɽҲǸְɣ
ưڰֵ㲻ʲô֣ʿǲĸ֡
磡
ؾӦƽ컯ӦǺɽһε硣ֻɽڹֻһţʿ


1249 ͨ
ĸһ̸һģҹδòⷽ˽˲١ֻⷽһ컯ʿŽڡⷽ࣬Դ࣬Եûʲô̫ľȱԴʲô
ⷽ˶ºͶÿ͡
˹Ȼ֪ɫ¹Ϣأܿɱֻɫ¹Ȼҹδ͸ȥɽڣһ·ɽʿǳͿڳ¹ʱҹδԵԼ׼δ½˱ҲȤǱ̴½ϲ㼣û뿪ϲҹδһ
ҹδ뵱Ȼܾڶ죬ĸ˾뿪ɽڣʼ֮á
ҴȥУҹδ뷢ⷽĺºͣҲΪ٣Դ࣬ʧȥ˾ԭ滷ҸģҲͬеĻ䣬ס紵
ҹδоɽǱߵľŴʿǰ»׵ⷽ磬ⷽռΪС
ҡҡͷͷ֪ԼҲı䲻ʲô֮˾Դ
ҹδ뿪ʼͼⷽ磬ⷽԴźܶԴɽûеġҹδ붼һһ򣬻һⷽŲٵۣҹδҹδ컯֮ƿһ˿
˺ҹδѾȥչʲôԴרѰܹ֮ⷽⷽĺƽ͡ɽ磬һ֮أͱĳŸռˡﲻǣʿ򡣷Щһֱ֪ҹδΪһ·Ͽҹδ֮У塣տҹδ֮ߡ
ǵ˺֪ҹδΪҪǸߺܶ࣬ΪⷽҲΣսصģЩΣսر˵Щϵʿʿҽ롣ƽʿ붼ҪСڼġ˺˽ˡ
ⷽвȱԴҲȱ֮أˣֺαȥðգ
ԣЩط˼ƫƫҹδĵط²ؽȥˣЩҲȣȻҹδִЩطˡ
տʼʱǻΪҹδ棬ЩƣȡҹδȳˡҹδҲڽõĶָһЩ֪ҹδˡ˿ԼΪҹδÿǵ㡣Ѿ²⣬ҹδƽ磬˵컯ʿ
ˣǶҹδ͸ӾηˡȻҲ̵˼ҹδҲָ㣬ҹδεĹУΪúܿ졣
ˣҹδⷽ࣬ͻȻõһϢڶһռѷ졣
ҹδоһ϶ԼֵǸռѷ죬ΪǸѷѵռͨ
ҹδ̾Ͷǰ󣬳ѷ¡ʱƬѾۼ˺ܶʿҹδ뻹һ컯ʿʱ컯ʿڿռѷǰʶ̽š
ǣʼûǸռѷ졣
ҹδ̾Ϣⷽʿ̫ˡǵĹͲԸðգʶ̽飬ʱûзʲôΣգҲԥ
ҹδα˿ռѷǰǸ컯תͷҹδ롣֪ҹδһƽԲ㲻Ϊ⣬Ȼ۾ΪҹδֻǴ˲ʮϢʱ䣬̤˿ռѷ졣
С컯ʿһҹδӰѾʧ˿ռѷ֮СǸ컯ʿʶ̽룬ҹδ룬ҹδ˳ſռͨǰӡʱҹδѾ϶Ǻ֮ǰԼɽ߹ͨһӦûʲôΣաڴڴͨľͷһʲôռ䡣
Ǹѷ컯ҹδԽȥԽԶûʲôΣգҲһ˽ȥҹδ׷˹ȥҹδӵò죬ܿ׷ҹδ룬ҹδ˹ңҲǾ壬ƺˡ
λγƺ
ҹδǰ
Ϸ޼ɡĸţ
һɢްˡҹδ뵭Ȼ
޼֮ɫҲûʡʱͨڡ˾ͬ顣׷ʵʱ
ҹѣռͨ
֪ҹδҡͷҪȥˣǰռֶͨˣ
޼ҡͷֶˣ֪˼ǳ˺ܾãűҲ
Ȼ󣬿ҹδһ۵ôͲΣգ
ҹδҪһͨͨһΣ֮أΣ֮ʲôֲĶ˳ͨǰ̽һ£Щ׼


1250 
޼ɵɫһ䣬жҹδһ˿壬ҹδͷ޵
˵òǾһ̽
˿ʼ;֮ҹδһֱѾϰ״̬֮ǰһͨĿռͨǸ컯ʿ̲סˣһܹ޼ȻΪҹδߣĲҹδ롣Ǻҹδδܹնɱҹδ롣
ҹѣƽԲ޼ȿڣٲڣԼ̫ˡ
ոͻƲá
ģԽ
ҹδ֪ǶԷҪָԼֻί˵ȻимϾⷽ컯УһźɽĲ֮ͬ޼ɽ˽һʱ䣬޼ɷҹδ컯ҲһЩ򡣲ʵ
ǸոͻƽԲã
ţиǧˡ
ǧεʿУĺ̡̺ܶܶ޼дϲⷽ磬ֻһ컯ҹδܹͻ컯ⷽͶһ컯˾ͨʲôΣգδҲһӦԵĸ֡
ǵġ
һֱΪҹδⷽˡ
࣬ҹδ޼ͻȻס˽ŲĿŶȥӰӰһ֣ҹδ޼ɷ˽ͻȻĽҹδ޼ȻҲȫӦԡȻһӾͰѶʿˡ
ʿʵ̫ࡣͻȻܵӦǿһЩһӾͰʿ촷ۣϸģûп塣֮ǰҲſһۣӦģ
ҹδ޼ɫ˼֣Ӷ߹ʿ˵ͨһռ䣿
ǡ
ҹδ뵽һܣ֮ǰɽ뵽޼ǷʿȻѷֽȥˣǰ·ַ
˱øӽǰһ죬ȻͻȻɫһ䣬о˶洫ɱ⣬ȻǵҰоͳĸӰû̶֣ϸۿ
ĸ壬ֻŻΣֻ֫Դģβ͡
˿˶̶֣֡Ȼ壬֮ǰѾɱ˶ԷʿʱûʲôˡͬʱĸҲ˹
ǺԲҹδ޼˵Ķֻ֣һ棬˾ͽĸնɱ
ĸʬȡĸĴָ˱㿪ʼ鿴ָڵĶϣܹеõõϡ
ûʲôõϣ涼һЩԴ޼ֳĵ֮ɫ
ҹѣǰܿһ硣
šҹδͷǼǰ̽һ̽
ã޼ɵͷӦܲǰ̽飬ͨһ磬绹ǿĻ޼ߵһ޴в
˼ǰҹδҲģŴɽǱ߹ʿض˽뵽ͨȴû壬ѵЩʿѾˣ
ûܣϾǰʿΪǿ
ҶһǿĻҹδԵɽҲž޴в׵ռ޼ڵ磬Ϊ޼ߵʿĲСȻܹ޼ⷽΪתվɽ硣
ԣͨһǿ磬ɽǱ߾ͱȽ޼ǵ磬ｫΪһս
ţ
ҹδ޼ͬʱһΪоԼΪѹˡ֪ͣһΧĿռ䣬Ǹ֪˲ͬһοռ侹ȻΪѹƣ޼ɵΪ䵽ƽ⡣ҹδȻûбѹƣƽ磬ܹоռı仯
üͷûͣ½Ųǰȥǰ˴Լ죬ʿ࣬߸ɲĶ֣նɱʬֲ鿴˶ԷĴָûʲôջ˼ǰ
ҹδ޼ɫһ䣬˵Ϊһѹˡ񶼵羳硣˶һۣжǡ֮ǰնɱЩʿΪΪԶ߶ԷռͨͣѹΪԼΪϵؽ͵ĻûΪƣʿǾûôˡ
Ȼǰһʿս˲䱬޼𾪡Ȼط֣ҹδΪѹˣȴ׺ݣѪȺͲбҹδɢɱֻɱöֳη塣


1251 µ
ĿҹδһһһնɱնɱķʽͬȴΪײС޼ɵжη塣
ʿ
ʿôײУ
ҲɱˣԼҹδǼֱһҵĻ䡣Լɱģɱ˵ֶΣҹδڹҼҡ
ֽʬ̽˴ָڵĶ֮ٴǰУһ޼ɳĬ˺ܶࡣһ컯ʿߵҹδ뾹Ȼһ˿־塣
Ȼ˵Ϊڱһѹƣ˴˲ʿ˵Ϊѹ
ȻʿΪҲѹռѹƵֻΪûѹǵı£ҹδ޼ɵƾͳַ˳Ϊ˵ı컯硣Ȼ޼ɺȻ֣ԼȻҹδ롣
ǵģ
컯۷壬Ҳ컯۷塣ҹδȴѾﵽ컯ءԶʤ޼ɷһ֮嶼亹Լһ·˾ʲôˣ
ƽΪȻ컯ʱеɣҹδ뾿ǲǸˡ
оųΪҹδ벻ԼⷽˣԼⷽʲôʱôײеˣɱôصˣ
ʣµһɲȷǣΪҲ֪ʲô˶УһԼⷽͳôһأ
Ҳʡ
ǵġ
һ컯ʿѯһƽʿ

˼ͬʱһΪǰ֮󣬱оԼһᣬΪˣǶɹһѹΪĿռ䡣ֽź;ҲͨľͷѾԶˡ
ǰʮգҲûʿӶҲ۹ȡһµӦǱߵɽʿǸɱˣûʿҲڵЩ֮̽󣬻ȥţȴû뵽Լ˸ɱˡ
˼˰࣬ͬʱͣס˽ŲΪǵҰУ˹Ȼֻһ㣬ڻ谵ĿռͨڼΪԡ֪ǸӦͨĳڡ˶һۣȻϢǷȥ
ԽǰߣǹԽֳһĿռѷ졣˿ռѷıԵȻ͵͵
ռѷڰУԼֻǧң׵ؾͿľ¡
һƽԭʱƽԭ֮ϣܼʿЩʿʱſռѷ쿴Ҳʱʱ̵̿عۿЩʿ޽£ǶռѷҲźܴĽĺ;衣
ҹδ޼ɿһۣ˻ȥ޼ǣ
ҹѣô죿
ҹδɫҲЩأǰûȥˡͨˣֱӾͽˡԲǡĵȼǿǿ岻һɵĶǽʿǣÿһν嶼Ҳûлȥɵʿضһαһǿ컯ʿȻⷽ컯Ļ
ԣǱӦþ׼粼ټʿ÷УһѹΪĵطʺⶼҪǰȥš
أ
ܲ͵͵Ǳȥⷽ˽һ¡ǰͲҪˣҲҾһȥˡ
ҹѣֺαðգһȥ
Ҫ̽һ¡
޼һΣķ񣬼Ӧ뿪
ôҹδͺǸأ
Ҳ֪Ľȣһ֣ⷽⷽһƽ١յͷ·Ӷȥ
ҹδû̳ȥ۲죬޼뿪ʱһЩˣԼǱȥʱ򣬱巢֣Ҫ׷޼Ҳܡ
¹ȥǱɳһʿѷ졣ҹδڿѷ߷˲䣬ͨɶȥɵͣһʿʮ죬ЩʿˡʿҲǿΪҹδȫߣȻٴλصѷ촦׼ҸǱȥˡŽĸµʱ䣬޼ѾԶˡ
һա
ҹ
£һƬ
ҹδ뵽֮УȻСһӿռѷ˳ȥĵأҪӪصΧȥΧҹδг˱кһȻָıòԼһ壬Ǳߡ
ߺңҲû˷ҹδףҹδܿͺͼˡò֮£ⷽһŵ˽⡣


1252 
û壬壬һ硣ҲΪˣʿҹδľԲߣʿĿе֪ⷽϲڶһռѷ죬ǱҲڽҲʿǱߵĿռѷ̽顣
ҹδȻĶˣ׼ȥǸռѷ쿴Ȼҹδ뿪ˡҲûע
ҹδ벢ûٶǰǱߵĿռѷ죬һ̬ʼһŶߣһ˵һʶͬĻᣬشżߵĸЧ
Ȼⷽ޼Ƿűϵ޼Ǳߵ˺ƽߵ˲пᣬĴַ򡣲һ룬ҹδҲˡԭһ壬ԭһַ硣ԣҹδʿǾܵıܿһЩ鷳
Щ飬ܹܿܿģϾ磬˵ʿ޴ڡ
ڵͿշеҹδ룬ƿ֮ʱҹδڸⷽشһݾ뵱Ҫ컯˵ʮּѰɣҲסȺ֮컯ͻͽ϶һʮʱҹδⷽشƿ֮΢΢üͷ

ûͷΪ磬˲ܹ֪׷ɱǰһʿӣʿ׷
ҹδֳһƾطµľⷽشжԼÿһʱ̣컯оԼٶ򼸸شܹ״컯Ĵš
ɱģΪǸܵʿˡҪˮ
ǿնɱǸʿ˼Ϊһ֣ͻԼڴԺҪжϣǲٽ֮УҪʱ䡣ǣֻҪĸʿ֣Ͳ֡׷ɱǵģҵġ
ಡ
ǸʿҹδͷϷɹҲûдҹδ롣ţûǸʱ䡣εľǣʿҹδ룬ĻܹԼӮһЩʱ䡣
ಡ
ʿҲ׷˹Ҫ˵屾ءһ忴Ųеҹδ룬ٶȣ϶ҹδΪԼоͶɱˣ˴ָ˼
뵽
䡭
һͨʹҹδ
ҹδ̾һòжеɱ˳
ϣ
һնĵնĸʿȻˣһŹرǸܵʿ
˴ͨȻնɱͷϵ塣ǰܵǸоһϲ֮Уͷһۣɫ䣬һ˿һ͸屻ʳ룬ӿе䡣
ҹδѾͷʬ壬һһӣ㽫ǸʬҲʧԭء
պ
ҹδһ֮еһôϡ
Ǽ׷ɱ崢ָҲһЩԴûҹδ뿴ϵģҲûеõʲôõϢȻȡǸ׷ɱ崢ֳָΡ
ܹʿ׷ɱӦеɣ
̽뵽ָУʶһɨһӱһϡĶԴһɨʲôֻҹδо򵥡һǿȡйۿ
ξһӣȴɢһϢҹδ뽫һʶ̽뵽ڣʶУͳֳһسܱ䡣̽ʶ˳ֳϲ֮ɫһȻûмӣڳڵĲȴĶйӵļء
ӽ顣
ݴ˵һسʱ򣬰һֱͷ·һܹ¼ӰıܹʿУسһֱۿӹۿش

һֻһӦþⷽĵ飬Ǹõˣĸһ𿴵ձǸᵽű׷ɱ
ҹδû̿ʼΪڲмأӵ޵ġ˵ֻܹͷβۿŴΡŴ֮󣬱ѡ
ҹδ벻֪ۿһҪʱ䣬϶سǰʱҲԲ̡ԣҪһȫĵطչءȫĵطĪڳڡԣص֮ٱչءŵ飬ԼӦúܹܿͻƵ컯硣


1253 ޾;
˵飬ҹδٴǰСȻ˵飬ҲûзⷽĻᡣӼе֪ǸһιۿЧġڶξͻܶࡣ֮ͲʲôЧˡҪǣ˾磬κһ綼мİܹ٣ȫ˵ԡҹδܹõܹͻ컯ͻ컯֮ãø
ٽ;У˵ÿҹδ붼ջ񣬶컯֮ڲϵƿѾʣʮ֮һȫƿˡ
Ȼһ·ҹδҲնɱ˲ٵʿ̾ⷽʿĺöĴַɣһⷽͨռͨȥ޼Ǹ磬Ǹʿȫ޵ֿᱻⷽɨ˵޼Ƿ硣ⷽ޼ɵ磬ٷԼڲصǸռͨȥɽ硣ΪɽһС
Ҳⷽͬйⷽһŵ˽⣬ⷽ컯ġ٣Ȼûдľǳʮ
ֹȥ꣬ҹδߵĿռѷ졣ߣҲڽҲʿ뵽ǿռͨУֻûзȻҹδռѷ죬Ҳ֪ûʿòռͨͨҹδȻҪԽȥ
ҲˣȻ컯ʿڣҲʿ뵽ռͨСĸʿҪȥҲܡͲиʿϽȥ̽顣ԣҹδֱǸռѷȥ
һȥġһЩʿһۣҲû̫⣬ﲻʱؾȥֻһȥҲûгһ꣬ǽȥʿԽԽˡ
ҹδ뵽ռͨоһȻԼ֮ǰĿռͨûʲô
ҹδǰӶȥСΪ衣֪ͨʿض壬ɲƽ͡
ɽ硣
Ŵ컯Ǹڼ֮صĿռѷǰЩ컯Ͼ֮󣬲û˽ȥΪǶ˵ˣҹδѾȥˣΪֹûгԥ
ҹδʵǶƽԲս൱һ컯һءһǿʿȥö꣬ڻûг
ˣ˽ȥǱ컯ʿһΣգ컯µʿǰܸôڵģ컯ڵȥ컯ڵȥ
ڵȻϣ컯ڵʿȥΪû컯ڵʿվŴҲȡһµ컯ڵʿȥÿһȥܹŸ컯ڴʿ뵽ռͨС
һȷˣ㿪ʼˡÿѡһ컯ڵʿÿżȻҪ컯ڵʿǾͲֱӵԣŸʿ컯Բ
Ÿ컯Բʿ뵽ռͨȻС˳ſռͨǰСǸռͨĳڡ
ǴѷгȻͿ˵ϲһ񱮡Ǹʿһ۾ϳҹδµģΪҹδһڵı־ȷҹδģŸʿһ֮󣬷׷׽ʶ̽롣
ǽʶջأȻﱻҹδˣн󷨵ķǿʱҹδҲ֪һʲôһҹδ뿪֮Ҳûл
Ÿ컯ʿڳ֮Ǿ˵ⷽڱս˵һֳһռѷ죬ⷽΨһһ컯ʿ޼ɣǸͨȥ̽飬Ǳһ磬Ҫֹ߽֡
Ÿ컯ʿһ·ϵǸռѷ죬ǶϢû֪컯ΪǿǸѷ졣ŸԶ˷ߣһۣ
˵ҹδ᲻뵽ǸռѷУ
϶ҹδĸԸǽǸռѷ죬ͻˡ
ô죿
ҪҲȥ
Ҳ֪ˣֻⷽ޼һ컯ڡǱ߲֪ʲôǲʲôҹⷽʿס֡
⵹ǣⷽʿ̫ûѪˡ
ҹδµǸҲñ巢֣ǻ˳Ǹͨ뵽ɽ硣ǲ鷢ɽռΪս
ǵûȥҪ׼ҪɽǱ߲÷󷨣סǱߵѷ죬Ȼһʦߣֶ߽һ󣬽ڱΡȻԴԴϵʿȲǱߵ߿ս޼߲ˣٳ֡ռݡԴ̫ḻˡ


1254 
Щʿ۾Ź⡣
ǻȥ
ȥҲǶʱھܹսġǻȥ׼
ߣ
Ÿ컯ʿȻȥԶ֮󣬾Ÿ˿ʼٷС
ӵѣ˵ҹδȥĶˣ᲻Σգ
λӵǳڵʿԵ϶ȥǸռѷˣΣգ϶Сҹδ϶û¡
ô϶׹һ컯ʿʵ
ֳȻ֮ɫλҹʦÿɲһֵҲİΣǺڴջ˵´ټѾ컯ʿˡ
İ˸컯ʿƲƲ죬ҹδܻţǻš˵ҹδ´μͻ컯Ĳš컯ôͻƵ
ҹδͻƽã
˵ҹδ뻹ûҵͻ컯ķء
ҹδʱѾվ컯ǰ컯ѾȫƿʱһɽڱչأΪȫƿ컯ţѡһطչءŬԼ̬һȥԼ컯ʿˡ
ֻһɾ컯١֮£ҲαװԼҲڶɽ֮󣬻ⷽ׷ɱոնɽ֮ԼʱΣաܾõ컯ҹδ벻Լɡ̧һֻţ컯ȥ
ˡ
ֻһֻ컯ţ컯ӿһˢҹδ룬ҹδ뾹Ȼȥʱһһ⣬վ컯ŬվҪٽһ˽뵽컯ڵʱ䣬ǲŬȥһֻţ컯ڳˢ컯ȥ˲ӣͱ˳
ҹδϥϢ˰죬Żָ˹ԳЦЦ
Լ٣žͽȥֻȥһֻšԼǰ벽컯
ԣ
ҹδٴ붨վ컯ǰһֻš
ֳˢҹδûһһҪȥһֻţֻǵֵĳˢȻڴˢ
ǲһӣҹδͱ˳סҹδȴǿϲ£ﵽٶȱ֮ǰǿҴ壬ԪԪٶЧҲֻıȷѾǿˣҪѣƵԼ׽뵽컯ź󣬲ܹӿһЩ
ڵıѾ컯أԪԪ컯ءԣĳˢԱڱĴͲ˺ܶ࣬ԪԪĴȴЧȥԼԪԪܿͻͻ컯أ׷ϱΪ
Ҫ컯ţͻ컯һ£ûиǧʱǱˡˣѾˣϾǧ֮Ҳֻһꡣһ컯ʿɽޡ
ҹδʰ飬··ʱ򣬼ⷽشÿᵹһʱ컯һǸռѷ졣
ռѷ죬֪ۼ˴ʿͲͽռѷ̽顣ڵż컯ﲼһ£Ȼˡ
ռѷڣ˴ϣǳܼʿ뵽Ǹռѷܣ˲ͱϸűˡһƽʿȥ˲űˡԣ컯ʿûиҽȥ
Щ꣬Щʿڲһ˵ܹĵϸճȻɢ˾ܹ뵽ռѷ֮ˡ
ҹδȻ뿪ȡ컯ʿѵõĺƽû˽ҶѰһطһԴԴϵʿڣҲۼ˳ʿΪ͡͵ҲܵΪ
ҹδҲѰһطȫչˡȥһ컯ʿڸ߿Уʿ
λڶ˵ҲһԵһҵİţǽ뵽ڵ֮УȻὫռѷеĴճܹն٣٣ͿԼˡڰҵ뵽֮С
ʿʼʱʿѾǧҹδҲʵʵؽ뵽һڵ㣬ϥ¡
æʱ䣬еʿ뵽֮УЩ컯ʿҲ뵽֮Уϥһ컯ʿ˴
ˡ
𶯣Ȼҹδ͸оԼڵԪȡʱ붯ˡ
ã
ҹδ뱾ܵظоȴް취ʱǧ嶼ֳ֮ɫ˺ȣҪѴû˿ЧڵԪԴԴϵرȡ


1255 
ҹδ뷴侲Խ£ҹδԽ侲һ֮ʥ̿ʼ֪󡣲һȷĿǰֻǳȡǵԪתЩʿȡԪֻǳȡԪҹδ뵹ǲ̫£˵̲صԪϻŴĵҩǵҩĹˣķڻŴĲҩ
ҹδȻҲҪѣȻΪѲˣҲͷˡĿǰûΣգȿ˵
ܿ죬仯ˡ
ҹδһֱעһ컯ʿһǿеǸռѷ졣
컯ʿûʲô仯Ҳһֱʿһϥڴ֮УԼڵԪԴԴϵسȡǿеǸռѷ췢˱仯˶Ѿεĵϴӿռѷӿس˳Ȼ󱻴һʿкȥ
ҹδоһȷʵÿʿ˵һԵ컯ʿҲûƭЩʿֻǲ֪ЩʿǷܹܵסӿĵϳ
䡭
һɵϳҹδ룬ҹδ븲ǣڲϵسˢһ̣ı壬ԪԪڷٵҹδֻ֪ҪԼԸִĳˢУضܿ졣ֻҲףڵԪȡöʱڵԪĿռᱻϳȻ˵ͻűԼ塣
ҹδֳһƾʱ̹עԼڵԪ״ÿɵʱ򣬾ͻ̷ʳҩµľͶ뵽֮С
ʱǧʿ㶼ˣÿʿ϶ǴһЩҩģǵҩ٣ҲвٵĲҩвҩԵÿʿ֪һԵʱ򣬶ʼ˷֮С
һ죬죬졭
ʱţʼʿΪǵĵҩѾԹˣʼвҩˡʱһͰǵǰǲ֪ʲôʱܹͣ
ʵÿһʿǸռѷеĵϱȡϽǲͣġؼǣû֪Ǹռѷеĵϻж٣ʲôʱܹȡɾ
ҹδ벻ģ̫Ĵ˵ҩɹˣϵĵҩкܶ࣬һǼƷҩ
ʱһȥܿһµʱѾȥˣҹδıѾﵽ컯ڣԪԪҲﵽ컯سڡλԵҹδ˵׬ˡҵĿǰΪֹûֹͣ
䡭
ҹδֳһƾ˱ըѰȥʿϳű壬Ѿû˵ҩͲҩʿֻһʼʿ½½ʼʿű塣һű壬ԭǵĵϾͻֳʿʿѹڲϵǿ
ҹδɺȣһȻûдﵽ컯ɶǴﵽ컯һ컯أԭͱʿǿ컯ʿҲֻ컯ءսĿǰҹδҲǶ֣Ǳȳֵϵĳҹδ뷴Ҫǿ
ԣҹδ벢š
ں޲һЩȻûгȥ컯ţҲȷڵԼǷܹǸ컯ţȴ֪Լˣûܴ󣬼ڲ컯ţҲضźܴĽ
Ҵһ¹ȥҹδıѾ컯۷壬ԪԪҲ컯ڡȻҹδʳ˴ĵҩ³ԵĵҩһӳԵĶ࣬ڴĳˢ£ȴû˿ҩʡ
ǣʿȴԽԽˣĿǰΪֹʿѾһˣȻһٶʿΪ͵ģǷĵȴʵʵڵġֵϵĳҹδ붼ٸоЩʹˡ
ʱֹȥһ£ҹδһ˿źڵıѾﵽ컯غڣԪԪҲﵽ컯غڣ׷˱塣ܹԵظ֪ϿʼϡˡƾͿˡܹټһ£Լı壬ԪԪ˵ܹһͻƵ컯ء
Զ׼ǲˡʱֳľͶһЩע⵽ڵʿҲ߰ңųʿѾˡȻˣұʬ嶼û£ȴ˴ָڵϰء
ȻЩָҹδۺ죬ЩʿΪߣԴҹδҲòϡٶָԴӴ󵽿һˡҹδɽˣһܹ񵽣ɽǵˣư궼óȥѰҽԴˡ
Զ׼ǲܵģڴҶڴУܶȴֹͣضԼҲ٣


1256 
ţ
ܲж
ӦܰɣԼֱӱһڵϣǣǲǿԶ
һ¡
ҹδ͵͵ͷ˳ȥûԪȻܹͻΪΪϸС˵֮£ʼڴߣڲƻ£͵͵ȡЩָ
ûע⣬ʿڵϣڵʶвʿڶҪűĽ׶ΣǸȥעϵĴָ
Լܱסͺã
ڵ£С
ʱֹȥһ£ԵԽԽ٣еʿʱһ֪ԼʱЩʿҲоȴӵרעˡȻܹ֪ϾҪˣǻץʱڵ
ѾˣϵĴָѹεøɸɾҹδջнȻһµĵϡ˺ܶ࣬ǰ컯Բֻһ˿ͻƵ컯ء
ԲˣʱĵѾʮϡˡҹδ˵Ѿû˰ҴʱҹδҲԼܶˡûжʵʵԼ
ֹȥ죬һͻȻӿռѷг˳ǵһԶȥ
ҹδ뱾ܵؾ׷ȥǸӿռѷзɳĶ϶ǺöµЩʿҲ׷ģǼ١컯ʿĶΪƽڵģȥ룿
ЩƽҲ컯һܾˣ˵Ĳᣬǲҵġ
󲿷ֵʿЩʿһ뵽ľռЩʿĴָǷûС
һ¾Щ嶼ʿûɵģ̾Ǳˡ֪˭ߵġûа취ˣֻʣˡȻЩֽĿⶢ˿ѷ졣ڿռѷûеˣӦܽȥ˰ɣ
滹бأ
˭Ҳҵһȥһƽ磬ָһ廯ȥ
Ǹ廯һҲҲȥɵ˿ռѷǰСȥһֻ֣Ȼɫһϲû¶Сؽ첲˽ȥû¡α㽫һ˽ȥû¡
ಡ
Ǹʿͽ뵽ռѷУһ¶ûУ̾ſռͨɱȥͲԼȻʲôԵͱҵģҵġ
ľٶռѷЩʿʱλ֪ռѷѾûв
ಡ
һʿſռѷ˽ȥ
һߣ֮⡣컯ʿѾһʿһ׷Ǹһɱ˺ǸѾ˵ľ֮䣬ֻ˭Ҳûлõ컯ʿԽԽҡ
컯ʿжףֳĶ̫ˣò˶ãͻ컯ʿԣ컯ʿ֮ǰԷ컯ʿ˲ͱԼǿĵƣ̵ʱڽԷ
ҹδʿѾ˵ϣԶԶ̧ͷȥҹδ۾СǸʱ컯ʿȦǵķΧ֮ڣѾܹȭͷСģһӡ
ҹδûھȥʿ컯صģûôɵȥǱĽһЩƽʿҲ˴˱ž룬վڵϣͷۿţҲû˭ȥ
䡭
ҲͲʮϢʱ䣬һ컯ͳߣлɢѪǲУ֪ˡʵһҲˣֻûǸذˡǸ˶ᱦߣɷЦͬʱǿץ˹ȥȻ䣬ɫһ䣬ִټһȭ
ҹδѾĸǰҹδǸߵ˲䣬ʿʧ֮ʣͳ𡣶Ǹ컯û뵽·ʿ˸͵Ϯ֮ǰǿˣһЩƽ硣ԣһȭʮִæ
ҹδҲǰһ˿ᣬ֪ԼͶԷƴͨ򲻹Լڽȡ֮ΨбѹƶԷشԷ
οڶԷѾˡ
ֻԼڿԷ֮ǰԷ
ȻԷĴ˻ᡣ
䡭
ҹδȭͷֱӺͶԷȭͷײ˲Ǹĸ첲ͷˡҹδ˳ǰһ˳ȥ
䡭
ʵʵ˶ԷǰϣԷǰض˽ȥϿѪ絯һ㵹˳ȥ
ҹδһץסǿӣѡһ


1257 Ļƻ
𡭡
ǸʿŭһҹδһȭһȻشûΣգ컯ʿǿҹδ׷˹ȥ·ЩƽʿҲһ֮󣬷׷ں׷˹ȥ
ಡ
ҹδһӣһ߻ͷ΢ɡǸƲᣬ컯صΪܿ׷Լȴ޷Լľ룬ֻܹǿһ롣
Ǹһ׷һ߷µĵҩ֪ԼƣҪ׷ҹδ룬ܡΪȫ׷ҹδ룬Ҳû˵ʱ䣬Ǿ͸޷롣׷ΪԼĵ̱ҹδֻҪ룬Էѣ˴˾ƴġ
ҹδһƽ磬ƴƴԼ
ಡ
һӣһ׷˴˲ûͣٶȺܿ졣һ֮󣬾ͰЩƽʿ˦ˣֻʣͬһڿм䡣
֮ҹδЩˣ˫ľһ˿ͽ뵽֮ڣԶȥ
ٶѾ൱һ컯һصٶˣǸԼľ뾹Ȼһ˿˿󡣵ǲϷֹȥ죬ҹδѾȫָҲģּµٶȣҲܴҹδʹڳСǴʵ֪ͣԼϣ׷ҹδˡ
ҹδ죬Ȼѡһطͣ־عһ죬ȷǸ׷ԼˣŰǿ˳Ҳûϳһʲôӡ
ʲôӣ˵ɡ
ҹδ뵽һϣȻӱڳıò̾Զ˴˵ء
֮ҹδһɽֲͣһ󷨣Ȼϥ뵽֮УҪԼﵽʲô硣
վ컯ǰһֻţ컯ţȻ̧һֻţоһ󼤶֮ǰһֻſ̧ģܹ̇ˡȻ컯֮Ӽ뵽컯֮ڣ컯ĳңʼüѣһһ컯֮Ųֻʣһźûн뵽컯֮ţôһźȴôŬҲ򲻽ȥһʱƳ컯֮š

ҹδ³һƣ˷ܣҲź
ջûн뵽컯֮ţǽȴʮԣں컯磬ҲͲһź
ȻһضǳѣؾԼͻ컯ҲѾԶ
˹Ϣһҹδٴ̣ҪصǸռѷ촦뵽ռѷ죬̽ǵõʵݣԼǧ꣬Ҳһ벽컯żʮʱ䣬ԼҪͻ컯ˡԣԿռͨڴ
֮ٴλص˿ռѷ졣
ռѷŲٵʿҹδͣһ£֪ܶʿȥˣֻûгûгҹδûа֣Ѿ˼οռͨľ飬ռͨܳһͷߵһͷôҲüʱ䡣Щʿû̽һʵ֮ǰǲ;ϣġ
ҹδҲ뵽ռͨ˳ſռͨǰһ߱ӣһռͨڵĿռһȥҲûһʿ
Ҳռ֮ͨǰͨûʲô𣬲ûʲôԼõʲôھڴռͨһܹͨһ硣
ȥͨûдﵽͷҹδҲԼٶǰӡʱ䣬Ȼûȥ컯֮ţǶڿռоԼһվ컯֮ǰضŽ˵ܹһ컯֮š
ԲһԵĺõط
ֹȥ£ҹδ뿴ǰ⡣бһϲûмӿٶȣǼٶȡ
վͨ˶˿ڣһռѷ죬ſռѷȥ
һƬߣûзʿټҹδ˿ռѷ죬ɫһ
Ŀ֮һƬߺ˥ܣⷽĸоܲãһ˥ܻϢͷ·һ֮һ㡣
һǰɣһܲt
ûʿû壬ûҰޣûֲ
ûһ飬һŵ硣
ҹδ˵ϣͷŶ濴ȥ涼һָζ̧ͷȥһֻƻζ
ҹδ۾ϸϸ֪
ʱңҹδ۾̾Ϣһ
Ҫˣһ磬˵ʿǹˡ

κһ嶼ˡ
ѾĽ뵽ƻˣȻʱ仹ܾãҲᳬ¡һ԰ζλģºͰڱ΢


1258 
ҹδҲ֪˥˵УˡȻҲüΪϡҪɢˡҲΪˣ˳Ҿǻ
ʿ˵һԵȻ컯֮ǰ֮ʿһԵʿͲˡǶҹδִ󲿷Ѿ컯˵ǻԵˡ
컯Ѿʲôˣ컯Ҫҹδɽ磬ȷʵһΪֻĻԵ֮أҡ
ڲͬˡ
ɽҵһԵ֮أܱȵһڻβ߱ĻŨ
Ȳģ
ҹδŸоŻΪŨȥĥ󿳲񹤣ֻҪҵΪŨ֮أٶȻҸطٱǰ
֪ķ־ҪУһжûءԣҹδɵ÷ǳ죬ҪͣѰҷ
ⷽ粻СȻĿһƬߣܹѾưܵķ棬Ҳҹδһ࣬˻ΪŨ֮
ʿʿҹδ֮ǰЩʿֻ̫࣬мʿģҹδ֪ɲֹЩ򡣹ЩʿȥѰһԵˡ
ȻⷽҪˣⷽҲϾԻ͹ЩʿӦȥѰɵʿµĶ
ҹδûǸ뷨ܹⷽ˥̶ܵȣ˥ܵĹ̶ꡣˣҵʿĶҲʲôˡûʲôܹϴرһ˥˵С
ҹδЩʿһۣҲûᡣҹδѡһطϥʼ
һ죬죬졭
ҹδȻһ˹һëȻĸооԼҪɽĿ⿴˲ԶЩʿһһģΧŻֽĿܼԶtûи֪ʲôΣյ顣
ԼΪʲôָо
һûС࣬Լһ󷨣Ȼٴν뵽֮С
һҹδ۾дž塣ٴǼʿȥʮϸ˼ʿĲͬվһӣվһʿǰľٶʿɽ䱸Ŀ⿴˹ǴʱҹδѾ˲ˣɫʮѿ
ָһָ磬ǰǸʿɳһ㣬嶼ˣһءʿһӾ;ˣ׷ȻǾͿʮʿϥûжʿһ£ʮʿ˿һء
ʿĿⲻ৵һͿҹδ룬Ȼη׷Ӷҹδǰ
ѣʲô
ҹδɫأǾûз֣ԼڵһУʧһЩ𣿡

ʿɫ㶼һȻ׷ĬȻɫǴ䣬ǷԼڵĴԪʧһЩ
ô
ʿȻȻҹδ룺ѣǷʲô
ҹδĿɨ壺ӦöûнӴ컯Ǹΰɣ
ʿɫһ䣬ɫþηǰ컯
ҹδҡҡͷһĹУ֪͸һЩȻͷֳ⡣Ҳ²⣬ⷽӦûû
˵ⷽǣ
ɾЩʿǱˣֶʲôܻꣿ
ʿ֮ǰץĶץο
ô죿˵Ŀֶҹδ롣
ҹδҡҡͷ취һ뿪һҵ
ʿ㶼Ĭ
뿪ɵİ취ʧһЩʹҲʲôЩʿԪƾãڴ޻ܹҵⷽǿ϶һԵɣ
ⷽץǲԼЯһʱص
ֱͨ
㲻ʱصЯȥҲԲһʥذɣ
ֻңץ
ҶãȻȻֿҹδ롣ҹδҡͷң밡˭ҵ
ҲǣǸ߸ϵģĪġǶ˾ηȴץ
ǣ
ҹδǿ򣬿ʧһЩһЩĴǶԱ򵽵Ļȴǰٱ񡣵Ȼʧһ̶ȣҪֹͣ뿪
ʿҲǣ֪ٶȺܿ죬Щʿ֮ġʧЩͲʲôˡʮʿԪ࣬űʧġǶʢһͷҹδ빰ֵл֮󣬷׷׻صԼĵطʼ


1259 
ҹδҲصԼĵطȻȸԼһ󷨣ΪҪѰһǸԼҪȫԵЩʿԼ󷨣ЩʿҪƿҲס
֮ҹδȫſԼԼıܣ֪ԼȡķʶƮ˳ȥȫſյҲ֪ԼƮ˺δƮ˶ãȻоԼǰһ
һ·ƮһƬ֮СֻһƬ綼һֻƻĸоһּ˥ܵĸоȴУɢżΪŨĴϢϢҹδⱲӵһ
ѵ
ƮûйԣҲûзԣ·һ˯еˡ
ҹδƮԱߣϸϸ֪Ȼ͸֪һ˿˿ն뵽С

ⷽ˥ܵþҪˣصѰ
ţ
оżʶƮ˹ҹδһǱʿ˹ҹδӳʶռڲһ󡣶ʱǼʶҲ̽˹ڴתһȦ̽˳ȥȫûзһ
֮ʥǲִٲĴҲЩʿܹ̽ġҹδ󷨣ֱȷԼĴѾԼȫڱΣٴοǸ̲סʶС̽˽ȥ
ո̽ȥ㱻˳Ȼҹδĵһ뷨ߣջʶջŵȻдһϵ
飿
ҹδ룬ʶΣȻǣ
̾ϢһѾܻˡôģ
ҹδ򵥵Ľһ飬֪һ£Ȼ
ԭˣѾ˯ȥǵܡʵǵҸûʲôôѷԴԴϵӿҶٻеô
ȻʵҲûʲôôٻǧˡջǻ𡣡

ԣ
ûϣ𣿡
ûУ
뿪أ
벻ģ뿪޸Ȼ
ҹδĬˣʱҲ֪˵ʲôȴܹ֪ⷽûж⡣ҲǣⷽԼɱˣԼһУ˵ģûʲôԼһΪ˵̫Сˡ
Ҳ˻˭ġɣҿֻһܹͻ컯ˣҰɡ
ңô
Ҵ㿴ⷽĵͻ𣬷ģȻḶ́һʱ⣬ʱ䣬㲻Ķ١ҪҴ
ҹδûзѾҪ̤컯ˣ֪Ǽġܹ֪ҪˣҪɱԼҲסοûдϸ֪⡣
Ȼ㱻һ磬һƬ磬֪˶ãؿʼˡ
ҹδȫУ·ڻԼĹ
УسﵮȻ˥䣬ֱĿǰ
һΪḶ́ڼ˥һӵȫ̡ƾõҹδ붼ԼݣԼԼĶ
·Լֱĳһʱ̣˳þúþãûзӦӦʱ򣬿ø˥ˡҹδѹ
뿪ˣѾ̫˥ˡԸ١ԣ㻹컯ȥɣȥһµɽȥɡ

Ӧûܹڲɣⷽͻ᳹ױȥɡ
ҹδ֣ʩһȻʶɢȥʶλ۾֪һԼ״жϳԼȥʱ䣬һꡣ
ذ
ҹδ뻷ĿĹˣΧʿ˲١ҲٹģȥŴõһռѷȥû˴ţȫУֻǰʱ⣬㿴Ǹռѷ죬һͷ˽ȥſռͨǰȥ
ɲ죬Сġһ˥ˡ˭֪ǰʲôΣգ
˷࣬ûʲôΣգһռѷǰ棬Ȼռѷ쾹Ȼڴ󺣺ףֲһֱûʿǻûб֡
ҹδһ˳ȥ̱о˲ͬԼˡһ̣֪ԼҪ컯ˡ


1260 ɽ
ɽ٣ĿռͨˣɾҲزɽˡǣ˺棬Զ쭶ȥһֱ֮ڿһССȥ
˻û䵽СʶѾ˹ȥ
ûˣ
ֹûˣһֲﶼûС˵С˵ǺһܴʯҹδС룬̧ͷաϵĽƿʼͷϻˡҹδĺܰȣڵı嶼ﵽ컯أоԼӦû⣬ס١οһ֮ʥҲԼһЩɱϻз͵ҩ
պܿͺҽƻ۵úܿ죬ȴһֱûٽΪڻۣʱѾ﷽Բڻۡҹδ뻹治֪컯پӦʲôܣҲû뵽Լôͻ컯ˣ׼滹ǲ̫㡣
ȥѾ˷Բʮȴûֺֻĳ棬ھⷽʿ
Ҫ֪⺣ڵĺҲʺʿģʮ֮⣬岼ĵ죬ЩŲܹסģЩϻŲټšʱʮ֮ôĶǵע⡣
տʼʱǻΪҪ꣬ǰ֮ǸоˡΪǸ֪ܣٵܡʿ̫ϤٵʲôˣȻʮ֮ңҲܹ֪οǽƻڲϵ
ŽƵЩϵʿЩˣչƣǸоǽƻὫǵĵֽȥǽŵؿʼעӵĽƣѾõ׼ˡ
ǽչԲʮңͣǶһرǾǸ죬ƾǵĵѾˡҲΪˣǿø
ಡ
ϵʿɹϣʱ䣬϶Ϊˡ

ĺ顣ĺʼԶȥܼЩʿ־壬ôܼĺһǸϵԻᱻЩиͲЩʿֻǷԶȥ
ֻӣûйǵļЩʿһȻƵģ׷ۣ
λڶɽ٣
֪Ӧʲô٣
Ȼûм컯٣ҾԸҿ϶컯١
컯˴󾪣Ƭֻл컯ʿ֪λɽٵĴλͻƣǴӴ½ģ
֪̫Զˣ
ȵȰɣһûп컯أýһ£ͻ컯ʱҲһ׼
㣿ڲ磬Ҫͻ컯㲻ΰɣ
ΪΡ
䡭
ңңشһ¾ʮҲЩЩҡΡ
ٻΣ컯ûˣ˸ߺ
ʱңԶٴӽк˸״зен״ܣøԶЩʿΪ֮ļ£ЩΪ͵ˣѾɫ԰ף麹ҲԶٽһЩЩΪ͵ʿԹȥˣһҲҡǰ̱гԶ˵ء
ЩΪ͵ʿһ𣬳ŵڶٻûʱԶȥҲһͷۿ
ಡ
һӰԶ˹ȻڵϿգֶԶٿȥ
ǻ
һʿ̧ͷŸ߿ȥȻǻСһ컯صʿʱֶҲЩšڲ²ɽٵ˭
Ƭеĳʿ
ƬĵԺƬ־ҪϴˡȻ컯أ컯һض컯ڣȻԼضռƣҲֻƣҪ׻ܶԷѣɱԷˡϾ߾
ģôʿɽ֮ߣõĽҪԼֳһ棬Ǿһ鷳¡
˼ţǱߵҹδȴֳЦݡȻԼ컯صı壬ֿ컯ûʲô⡣컯٣ԼúˣܹһԼı壬ԪԪǣ㿪ʼٴԼı壬ԪԪʼһ˿˿
䡭
ڶٺʱҹδѾûа־壬һܣԼĿ֡
Զ
˿Ƕɽ֮˭ܹģʱʶ֮˫ʮ֮ҹδ˲ͬԼǰĿһ


1261 컯
ʶ
ʿǡ
ֳȻ֮ɫȻǸɽ֮ˣȻûκɱֿ٣ֻԼıӲ
һϥģʱܸʲô
ֻһǾ׵ⲻһöôĻ
ʿһͻƵ컯컯һأԼδشùһ콾
һǶľ콾Ҳһ콾ҲͻƵ컯֪Լһľ콾ڶɽٵʱҹδһ㡣Ǹʱ׼˺öɱ͵ҩûжɹȥ
ʱеģкҹδ뽻ֵͷҪֶľ콾ǿʲô̶ȣ
ǷԼĴ򲻹
䡭
һ£춼ǸٻΣͬ콫ڹҹδ롣ҹδȴΪÿЩΧͻȭЩ飬Ȼת
䡭
һٺҹδȫҹδʱӳ˼죬һ󷨣Ӿʶ̽飬Ϊɽϵ·Ѿٵˡ֮ǰһֱ֣ûֻܹܹһŵǵΡʧġ
Ȼҹδͼ˹ЩЩ˵ǻԵƽʱٵһǻαɢƽʱЧ֪߳򱶡ҹδҲΪԵҩԶˣȥڵڴ壬Чٱֱ̫Сˡ
ˡ
ҹδڴһı壬ԪԪļͶȶһͻƵ컯ءҹδûϥ١ԶЩʿûпۿҹδ벼һ󷨣û֮ǰǱϣšʱȥţǾơ
һ컯ʿǻûǸ
ͷȥ߿еǸ컯ʿҲԭزǾ͸Ҷˡ
ڡ
ҹδ뽫һ˿ֳ֮һ˿ź컯س۷壬ûͻƵڣֻһ㡣
ҹδһ뵽ϴһ·Ȼӱڳ죬ŽĿԶȻĿʮĻϣȻʮܹظ֪ԷΪ
ʱҲһҹδ룬ֻһͿԽʮҹδǰֳһ˿ȡ
ֻͨҹδ룬ҹδڸʲôȴŮû뵽һŮӡϣŮӵӡԽԽˣܹ컯ıͨʮӣŻһŮӡҲܹ֪ҹδǳᣬԲꡣ
һһ컯ʿ˵ȥ˭ţ
ھͳǰ֪ҹδһľ콾ȻԼΪҹδ߳һ㣬ҹδȴǼΪҹδ빰Ϊ
ѡ
ҹδ뻹ҹδƵѡ
ҹδ룿
û˵
Ҳû̫⣬뿪½̫ˣһֱںȺ½һЩľ콾Լû˵Ҳûпܡô˵֮ǰҹδҲ컯ˣԼ֪ˣ
һµҹ԰ĴŰɣ
ǣҹδҡͷһɢޡ
ЩţһɢҪɾ컯ûпܣǿԾ̫СˡȻҲųҹδԼݣڶʿ˵ҲƽڻҹδҲûʲô⣬Ҳ̫ںԷݡЦЦڵ
ҹѣһ֮룬ܷдһ£ȻոͻƣϢһʱ䣬ĻȥҵĻ
ҹδȻ⣬˽ءοҲҪһطԼһ¡ΣգΪ磬µ鲻࣬㹻šͷΪ
Ǿʹŵˡ
ϲţ룡
˻նȥЩΧ۵ʿ˷ܣź
źǣûлύҹδ롣˷ܵǣҹδҪд裬᲻ܴԣЩʿҲŻȥһʱ䣬Ϊջļ۸񶼷ʮ
ʱҹδѾϥڻŵĶУ˹ϢָԼġһ˹һԼá
֮ҹδء
˶컯ҲûЩ绶ӭ׹档ֱŴ󺣷ȥ͹עߵʿһŴ󺣷ȥһҲŴ󺣷ȥܿ죬Ͼ;ۼʿһЩо裬ΪҪȻǿ˴վŵˡ


1262 
ҹδ롣
Զվʱ໥ײһӣǾˣʿҪɱһ컯һӣҲȤˡһԶ˻ҹδսķΧ֮ڣȻ̤˶ԶԶ
ʱ䣬ֶʿ
룡
룡
ҹδ໥ʩȻҲûǫãͬʱ֡ҹδͨƿؼ΢Ҫ֪ǳѾɣһԪⶼѾСɡɵ⣬ʹͨշģת֮䣬ͨ
ǱߵĻеľûΪԼΪ߳ҹδһ㣬˿ӣҹδ뵱˺Լһˮ׼ʿʮ˿ţҲ붪ˡ
ǴСƬʿɳˮԡͨҲˮԡ
ͨһͽµĴһƬܶȻ֡
Ҳҹδһκһ컯ʿ֣֪컯ʿܣҲҹδЩľľ֮࣬һɡ
ԷܸʵԵвԸ⣬ӦܹɵѹƶԷڷأڷ˼ԼʵͶԷĶԱȡ
˼Ƭ̾ѾףԼƽʱʵϾܹ컯ʿһǿǸǸԪԪϣȻƽ羳磬ǽȡ֮Ѿﵽ컯ͻ컯һʵɱ䣬Լȡ컯ܸɣӻֺ롣
֪ڵԼӦ൱컯أǶԷǰȫرⷽ棬ԷֻСɣԼ⣬һ⻹Ǵɵ컯ԷĹԣԷͷŵĺХԼײ̾;ͱ˴ӣȻԼƽͱСϪûٽԼ壬Ѿȫûܡ
˫˲ʮϢʱ䣬ɫͱѿѾԼͷ˳ȥȴЧԷĵ߾ԷĵߡȻѾ߹ҹδֶľ콾гС
콾Ͷ콾Ĳ
ּӴԼĹѾˡȴ޷˺ҹδķֺ
ԥûеƣһʽͨǧģûսʹùΪȫƿͨ
㽫Ƶǽǣ䣬û档
Ѿᵽҹδǿȫһոͻ컯ʿĸоһΪԼߵʿԼΪҹδ߳һء
½һҧҹѣҶһֻͨǻûȫƿأܾ޴һ˺㣬ұ䡣
ãҹδͷ
ֹˣ˵ǶԹһΣҲҼʶһµѵĹͨ
ãҹδٴεͷ
˫춯ȻµĴȻˣÿһ˶Ϊһˮаˮҹδ˹
Щˮ̫ˣۼ׷۾Ҳ֣ͬһ㡣޾һƬΧ۵Щʿĺˣɫ԰ף亹塣
ҹδȴǼһ̳˲Ϣ֮䣬Χĺǰ򽣹˿ռ䣬ͬǧǹҫأǰˮ˲߽⣬Ȼɢȥ֮ͬһꡣǧǹȴǸۣͬһûоԼ޿ӣ
ͷ˲Щ貵ǹ֮£ֽͬţһ飬һ
˫ۣ۵Ķǿ־壬ʶԼҪˡȫûءԼһ컯ʿڶԷǰͬһӤв̾Ϣһ
ӣ
۾оص
״̬ҹδȻһһУХأսʶǹ˲ɢȥ
۾ҡ
һԼû¶۾ΧһƬͣ·δܹһһ㡣
ΧʿɵˣƬΨһһ컯ʿһ컯أһոͻ컯ʿǰȻû˿֮
ˣոͻƣһЩҹδ빰ֳϿҵ˵
һֽٺĸоϮ˻ͷȴ̾Ϣһҹδ˵͹˵ɢȥɢȥƿǻʲô
ʱжҹδѾʮ־壬һ˿η¶Цݵ
ҹѣƿҾһ֡Ȼֳڴ֮ɫɷȥҶһ
ҹδ뺬Цͷ
дϲҹѣ룡


1263 
ʧں֮ϣص˻ĶĽύҹδò֮£ⷽѾһŵ˽⡣
һ½ǻȴǴ½ǧ򡣻ʱҲȥ½Զڰ½ĴϤֻѾܾúܾûȥ½ˣڰ½ڵ״Ͳ̫Ϥˡ
ҹδҲûм뿪Ϊ뵽֮ǰÿ綼ռѷ죬ô᲻һռѷ죿
ȻҲûУⷽǿռѷͨһ硣һ£ⷽʲô֮
ҪȻӦ˶û뵽ȥ˻ûһ£ǧʿͶҶǴӰ½ģһ״̬̫ãɫҲһ£ԭ½սˡ
սԭڰ½ĳһ޴Ŀռѷ죬Ǹռѷһ޴ĿռͨǸռͨһȺʿԴԴϵشǸͨӿЩʿͺⷽ𣬶ϵҲŲͬħͶ
ʮǿ
ⷽЩֵסѾЩֵǷʿռ˰½һ֣չ
˵ȫͬϵҹδһӾĶˡѵõչԼĻᣬǡ
ƵѣҪˡ
Ҫȥս
ҹδЦȥΪ磬Ҫƾеսɲࡣϵȫͬĸࡣ
Ҳˣ˾ҹδһߡ
˶컯ûʲô˼ɣ˵߾ߡҲɵطԾãã󺣣ǳŰ½ȥ
ǧ򵽴½Ҫʱ䡣;УɫʼΪ½кܶʿӿ˺Ĺؿʼơһŵ֮ߵӪãӰ½ʿҲҪһ֮ء֮أԼ˵֡˱ͱصʿɱķ˳ͻ
лʤģռһ̣ʧܵľΪڴ֮Ĵ١
ҹδɫҲأԻȰ˵ƵѣҪǧߵˡ
ôܲǣߵǼֱǿȫƻǧ
ҹδڰֵҵĵĲҵĵǣȻôʿ˵½սǷǳӦǰˡûȫܣҲǵֿһʤһ
ԣڵǧȻˣԶδΣʱֵ̡Ƿʿռ˰½ضǧ򷢳ǸʱΣ
һ£ɫҲˣǳǡ


ʱ򣬼װһҵҹδͻݺΪǴģԲû֪ͨˣ컯С
˴Ӵڳ˼װϣװѾվʿÿһʿʮֽţĿźȥǰΧװҲվʿһĴͷվһߴʿߺȵ
ҪָȥǸڷֻһ˷ɱǡ
ɫ࣬һˡǲ붯ǺˮͻȻ˹壬̶УȻǰѹ
䡭
ͱˣһֳ壬׷Ÿ߿շȥǸΪ׵ĺֵظߺ
ǰ
䡭
ͻȻˮЩҲͨȥˮǵͨǷ飬Ȼǵ屻ˮɱ֧飬ںϣѪȾ˺档
һжϢʱ䣬֮ϱָƽǺϻƮʬ壬Ǻ滹ǺɫģװϵʿһжûзĴҪҳ˭ˡǴʱҹδѾص˴ա
ֻǻɫǸҹδҲ⣬Լɽ״̬Ҳǡ
̤֮˰½
һǵĵط
Ǻܴǰ½һΪҪó׸ۿڳǣǰʿǳ࣬½Ŷפ㡣ｻŸֺϵԴȻҲкܶʿǰǵ㡣
ʱ߻ûдϿɷȴܹ֪ĽաԴʿˣҸԴļ۸Ҳ˼ۿҲкܶʿ˴ȥƱļ۸񶼷ˡ
Ҳʿŵʿ˴ԼŴȥ


1264 
ˣ̾Ϣһ
ҸطһϢɡҹδ
ɣҺĳϤҹδһһߣһ˵ǵĳˣһ컯ء
ܿ죬˾վ˳ĴſڡȳĻǰ㵭ڣ
ˣá
ᣬȴֻ˲䣬ڳھʹһˬʵĴЦ
ֿϡͣ
һ׳˶ʿѾڻǰŻֵ֣
ֻ񣺡֣ܣλҹδҹѡ
ҹδ빰Ϊ֡
ɫһҳƺԼΪֵˣضҲ컯ʱдϲǰ½ҵʱ򣬶һ컯ԼֻкôϵЦݸΪУ
֣ҹʦã롣
˵Ķ˽صĲ˳һݲһʵ
֣ʱǣ£
ͷ˵ʿӿռͨǰ󣬵һ¡
˱̾Ϣһ˶ϲ裬ȻŵҲǺ˵вͻȻһ޴Ŀռѷ죬Ǹռѷ쳤߳ǧȻкǳò̫һˡ
ô̫һʵ
ǵķɫҪǰףһͷǺɫģлɫģаɫġͨʽҲһƺǿΪвһ붼ռˡĴǵԴԴϵӿΪ׵ĸʿڼֿ
˵һۻֻΪ˴̽һϢ
ֳһ˿ǣвʿǿǶ֪ġʱҪȥв
Ŀҹδ룺ҹѣ㻹Ҫȥв𣿡
ţҹδͷҪȥû
Ҫסв˾ȣȻȰ˵вڿǼΣգǹͬߡݴ͡
Щ⶯ֿҹδ롣ҹδȴҡͷһҪȥ֣ܸһͼñעһ£ʲôطѾʧˣǵֿʿפ
Ҫȥ
ţҹδͷǵΪȥ硣ȥҪأҲûܹǿǡ
һ
˵Ϊ컯Ȼ컯ڣںͺڣܴ컯ɱ컯ڵĿܣҲֻǿܡϾҶһ󾳽硣սֻߣûסԼǼ컯һ֡½״Լ;˵УҪȥҲþԼδļƻأвزסԼס
뵽һҧҰһ£Һһȥ
ʱҲˣȻԼں⵺죬İ½ʧˣԼĻҲδزӰ졣߿ϵ죬ϳ½ʿԼԴʱܹ£˺ҹδ룬˱컯ԼҲӦܹסˡǱҲͷ
˱ȥűߵ飬ڶ죬˱뿪˱ǣ΢˽½ھƵ˴£вȥ
˽һʱ䣬ǽ뵽в֮󣬷Լɽߵĵ̡ԭӦǰ½ʿӪĵ̣ûߴһʱ䣬ĵռˣҲһͷ˽
ʱڰ֮ϣ·ӡ·һƬľӪʿ٣ʮ򡣵ȴʲôʵҹδ
λսȥǡ
һȥɡϢǿǵΪϤһЩߵսʽʵ
ãҹδͷ¶ʲôʵ
˵ȻأǾسһܵΪɡ
ã
˽ΪܵȻ·ȥǴ͸Ʋ֮󣬾ͱӪеʿˣԵ˵ϣѾһ֧СӱӶͣǵǰҹδŶʮ˿ȥʮ˶һд磬ͬ˵ľһϴſףеŴ󽣣ǳĽеųǹеŹһˣûдףһۣһȣǶһ鱦ʯĶ
Ͷģ
Ϊ׵һˣֻˣһûͶ֣ΪͶġ½ͶǵʿҲ١ЩҪռԴ磬ҪȫɱԣǰͶˣֻаûɱġ


1265 ƴ
ҹδǰһͶҲǲԣͶ֮ǰҪǵʵֵֵͶ
ǵʵ
ʮ˶Цˣ뿴ɵһҹδ롣
ǵʵû֤ǵĵֿͲһͶ£ΪǵūԻ
ҹδЦЦҪսһҿǵʵҴӺԶĵطǵһμǣǵʵΣĲ֪
Ϊ׵ǸӳҲЦˣֻЦüУҾ㡣㳤òҵŮūɡ
ҹδȴûһ˿仯Ц֡Ƕӳȴҡҡͷ
ûбҪҳ޵£ϡ
һ׳˳һ󽣣ҹδЦǺǵ
ıɡ
ҹδ˫ָ󣬵ȻûбҪְɡ
޵ɫһ䣬ֳŭ֮ɫΪ㱻ӳΪŮūҾͲɱ㡣
飡
һ壬ҹδ˹ðɶֱҹδǰء
ҹδһǰһܡĶȻ֮ϣȴû˿仯ҹδûйֻϸϸ֪ԷĹȻЩĪֹҲ̫һˣоͻȻͬ£ɽʿȫѹԷԷͨЩֲڡֲִ档
һǵĶûɽԪǰϾͲɽʿһͨĽṹҲûɽͨǿ󡣵ⷽôܣ
ҹδվûöԷʮΣҲûףһץһֻԪ֣Ǹһץסץǰ
֣
󵨣

̱мʿӶ˹Ǹ۵ʿҲǸƣдʣͳһ޴ķУҹδն
ҹδֳȤǸУǷն֮ϣҹδϸϸ֪Ҫ֮ǰǸǿ󣬺ɽʿͨࡣɽʿͷͨɲҪдʡҹδˡץŵǸʿʵ
ʣʵôӮⳡսģң£ܹùߵˡ
Ǹҹδץסʿûлش𣬷ŭſңŮū
飡
ҹδ뽫ǸʿˣȻ̽ץסһ˵

飡ҹδֽǸ˸ˡ
顭
ֱһҲûеõԼҪĴ𰸡ǲҪӾӪֳһȺʿ
ʱ򣬻ҲˣҲʾźҹδһΪϢҲҹδһĻɣʵôӮ½ģ
ŴţǾɱ˺ܶԷʿǵΪҲһ¶ΪӪӿʿԽԽ࣬ʵԽԽǿھӪг˺Ǿµ컯ɲǵĶ֡Ȼֳ˸컯ҳ컯ڣڡ
ߣ
ҹδһ˱֮һȺ컯ʮ˸ҹδ벢ûԶݣһߺͶԷţһԶӪֱ˸նɱһ컯Ȼ󿴵Զ컯ǲ̷ӳԼļٶԶ롣
ǣЩ컯ȴûзǣȻ׷ϣռ䲨Ҳܹȷҹδߵķں׷ᡣͨѶʱ컯ءҹδÿһʱ䣬ͻأɱȻ롣ȻлᣬҲɵնɱԷ
˰꣬ȴû˦Щ׷ɱߡʱҹδҲ⣬Է컯ʿ̫ˡ
ôôࣿ
ֹȥһ£а½컯ʿ֣ͶԷʿӲһնɱ˼Է컯װ˶Էҹδ˻ص˰½ߵķӪС
ҹδǸףЩʿû˵ҹδ֡ǻ˻ʶģǲʶҲǵ֡ҲתսݵϢԶʮءһȺ컯´С
һ컯ԲǡʱЦƵлǰԮ
˿˼䣬ȻֱʳԼʣҹЩʿʵǿôܵô죿
ƺͲµǻôʣɫûʲô仯һ·Ҳɱ˲ʿɣ
ţͷ
ǾûпǴָеһЩ򣿡
ûУһֱս
Ǳ̾ϢտʼʱҲΪûʲô˲ģһܸˡΪʵǡ£ܹͬնɱԷǸʱǻɱЩ壬ȻռͨռǷ硣ǺǷ֣ǵʵǲǣǸ߽׵ʿ̫ˡΡ


1266 
컯ʿ˵ɣ½컯ʿʮߵ컯ѾٸսʤߵնɱһЩ컯ǵĴָҲõһЩǵȻǷ֣ǵĹͻҪ࣬ʵȴǡ
ҹδӵõļָȡһЩ򣬻Ҳˣ˿ʼĶڵ컯Ҳصȴ
Լһʱҹδ룬˶һۣǵľȻֹܹͻƾǵĹ˵סսȴŲ㡣
˵ӣڵ˵Ȼܹһ˴ԷԷأ
һ޽⣡
Ҳûнİ취ǾǰѶԷɱ١Ǹǰסҹδ˻ԴôܷŹ
ȻЩ˾ܹģҪɽ磬Ȼͬ֡Ȼ˾ҹδͿʼæµҪ²󣬶Ҳһ󣬶
лڱзй
˻ʱ䣬ҹδڽϣȻһ컯ռѷ죬ɽ紩ȥ
ʱҪȥʱȫû˱ҪǵٶȺܿ죬ֻµʱ䣬ٴγɽı
Ѿ˴ķºʹĽ˲ٵʿҹδһ㿪ʼһԼϢϢ֮󣬱ԽѡĶϢȴĵ
ҹδĬĬرչڵԪѾʮǳﵽԲһԪﵽ˴ɡ߼ڴĸ˰ٱÿʱǳ֮Ҳڷɿƽ컯ء
֮󣬾Ŵ½ﱱҹδأ˽ڱ´Ķ컯ҵĿⶼҹδϣɫŸӣڵɫʱЩӡ
ԭΪҹδܹһǧͻ컯ѾǸ߿û뵽ǿˣⲻһ꣬ͻ컯һ컯أڡһֳЦݣ
δ룬ٰľϸ˵
ã
ҹδһνԼҪģ֮⣬һжʮȻֽԼ˵һ飬տڲ̸ȴŸ
ʵϴʱЩѾ˾ǶǳҹδĽ顣ҹδɲһ컯ƽʱ򣬾ʹڵһ壬˵ҹδ۽磬ѾԵһľԲǴһ컯۽ȥģǴһ۽ȥġ
ԣܿȡһµ׼Զ壬սڱ磬սȼյԼ硣ôֻһ⣬ɽ֡
ʵϣɽⷽ壬Щ̫⡣һսѾɱ˲ٵ컯رҹδ÷ڣǸһߵ컯ɱˡҼδܽɽ컯ɱ⣬Ҳ̫ġȻҪ÷ɱ컯ѱȽϴ󡣵ڷأȴԣɽʿԶ磬ŷڣҪţرǾŴţûпܡ
Ȼ¾һ壬ѵõģԾҪøΪϸһЩ
ⳡ죬Ȼɢȥ˸ţɽ㶼ʼʿڳһҪս̬Ҫսһǳж׼ҲҪʱ䡣
ոտʼʿ컯ʿ㳲͵͵Ǳ彮򣬿ʼ͵Ϯ
ǵģ
Ϊ˾壬Ҫˣʼ͵Ϯ
ʵ϶Ϥ컯ʿ֪Ŵһ컯ʿҲ֪컯ʿĶԣ컯ֱǱ˹ȥҼȻȥ͵ϮȻһһȥ͵ϮһȻһ͵Ϯ֮󣬻컯ǲҲɱһ컯
ڴˣڵһ͵Ϯɹ֮ʮ컯л컯ԲôĶȻ䶯컯û뵽͵ϮһǺü컯͵ϮһԣЩ컯û뿪ԼĶΪֻҪԼ׼һ컯ҲɱԼ


1267 ͨ
ǣû뵽ǣӭĲһ컯ǺüͲ͵ϮˣǹΧɱǣʮ컯ˡʱѾû컯Բʿˡ컯ʿҲֻʣʮͷˡ
ʶԶ٣컯ˡǵһ뵽ľǱȡůʮ컯໥ϵվһһʱȴֻʣʮŸֱɱһЩ
컯ˣȫ֣Ŵżٸ컯ΧʮŸ컯ʮŸ컯û컯ԲʮŸ컯ɲǼ״ˣȥֻԣ̹ϵؿʼͻΧʮŸ컯һͻΧĺǿ
ռ䶼ˣʮʣµʮ컯ͻΧȥһͻΧɢ
֪Ѿʧȥ˷ǲ֪ΪʲôͻȻжôҪж
岻Ҫ
ȴ֪ԺӣǱֻйصˡδҪ
ҪҲףʮ컯ýٸ컯̷ֳʮСӣÿСٶ컯׷ɱÿ컯ʿ
һ׷ɱꡣУսͿˡ忪ʼ彮
֪Լⷽ컯ʿʣµҲ壬ʿͱˡʱ䣬屻նɱ彮ռ졣ʱ䣬նɱ˶ʮһ컯ʮ컯ʿΪıͨӵˡ
嵱սʿʮ컯ɽ磬µ컯ɽʼԴԴϵشռͨ
ҹδһռͨľͷⷽʱ򣬷Ű˳ɵĽ򶼱ռˡǶصһ޾ɭ棬Ҳռˡҹδ뿪˴󣬿ʼⷽչɱ
ǵģ
ɽɲⷽ磬Ҫⷽʿǿ̫࣬Ҳö̫࣬ÿ˶ŷḻɱ顣Ҫǣɽõĳ׼սⷽ壬һսˡ
ԭⷽ磬˸߲ҵһӾͱˡ̶ɽͬݿһؿʼ¾ͬʱʼ£ⷽʿɽʿûƭⷽʿԭԭ˵ⷽʿⷽʿһŸΪǿⷽɱѾʹⷽʿҲϽսԼⷽ磬ܿͺɽˡ
ȻǴڴĵλ
ʿʼɵⷽ塣ЩĻ֮Ҳ֯˷ߣǷǧڵĺ£һˣʣɱһܹסʿ֣
һʱ䣬㽫е˿ռͨʿʼԴԴϵؽ뵽ռͨ컯ʿͷɱһ硣
ɱ֪֮ⷽӲӣһսײⷽˣʿǲҽһռͨġ彫ܵСｫһ־õսۣҲûеȵⷽ磬һҲˣ㽫Ϊһս
׼ڵսҲ꣬ǧꡣԣ岢ǿʼռһط㽨ǳأ󣬽ռĽĽ򡣶ҴУԴԴϵʿ뵽ⷽ硣
ҲʼѹⷽԴǿսĿġû棬û˻Ὺս
ҴҰȥѾռⷽ粻ٵ򣬶ҽǸͨһĿռѷڵҲռֻǲûпʼǸռͨⷽûŲٵ컯ʿ׿һ
ʱ䣬ҹδΪͻƵ컯ءԱһ漣Ƕ˵ˮɡΪﵽ컯أֻҪˣûƿԪϴﵽʮشٶҪЩ컯ԲҪԣڰֻͻһСΣҹδ˵죬Ҳ첻˶١
Ҳںƽҹδķһʱ䣬绨Ѹ꣬꣬Ҳǧ꣬ضͻһСΡУҹδʱսĻᡣֻҪ룬ͻкʵµĶ֣ɱȻҹδٶһٵͻƵ컯ء


1268 Թ
ʱִҴҹȥʮꡣ
ߵ廹û壬ȴʿӿռͨڳˡЩʿǰ½ʿллˡտʼ˫Щţرǰ½ʿǴӿռͨڳֱһ֣ʱͻˡֺ˲áǱ׷ɱˡ
½վûеסȻڷ˿ռѷ죬ʱѾû·İ½ʿҲֻпʼһ赲壬һ߿ʼǨʿȻЩǨʿǾӢȻǷԼһҪ硣
壬У˵滹׷ûУҲ޷ȥΪؽͣⷽǿʼһ߷¿ռѷ죬һĴѰңǷͨѷ죬ȻҵˣȻǿʼһǨ㡣
ҹδʿӿռѷг֮󣬱̴սгءҹδһ֣ôѷڳİ½ʿһ
ôܲʶҹδ룿
ҹδһ˶սһٶ컯һս½ʿӡ̫ˡΪֹҹδҲ֧Ű½ʿսľ֧
ֻǸ㲻ҹδΪʲôԴһսʧˣˣҹδ
ǣȵĻں档ҹδ˫ܣ֮ǲ֪ҹδͲǰ½ˣɽʿ
½ʿԴԴϵشӿռͨڳȻϵطռͨΪ岻ֱײΪ˽塣һΪ𱬵Ը񣬶ҼΪ飬ʲô壬ǵСǲκһˡ
ˣ塣Ҳˣ塣ԣϵĳ룬ƺõļƻеһ壬
峷˴ºӿռͨڳˡһ֣ռ壬˫ʱչ˼ս
岻ٹ壬ȫ濪ʼʶؽԼפӪǸռѷ塣
ˣⷽγһľ档
ԴԴϵشӿռͨڳԿռͨ·Ϊģʼ巢ǳΪĵһ֣ĺ档տʼʱ忪ֳһ֣Ϸ塣ǺǷ˴󲿷뿪ֻ帺һߣ˳ɵ巢˽
ʱ壬ر԰½ʿ˵սƣһʱȫĻϢ
һʵѾǿˣȴֻߣûйסʿ֮С嶷˽꣬˵ҲһѵĻᣬ˵˵ãͻƵĻᡣ
ֹȥ˽ʱ䣬ҹδͻƵ컯ԲȻȡǿžõܱǿӣȻչسǸ֮С
ʮ꣬ʮ꣬ʮꡭ
ҹδеǿˣҹδҲɹͻƵ컯أ뵽컯ڡ
ʵϣʱڣΪսΪԴΪʶ磬ʿ׷ͻƣ컯ʮԣҹδȻͻ컯ڣȴҲûڵ̫Ծ
һա
컯һյϢȻżƻ飬ÿһʱ䶼һΣڱչصĿԲμӣûбչص컯ǱμӡҹδͲμλ顣
ϢϿѾԶˡ
ǰ廹
ǵϵͻƵĺܿ졣ǵ컯ܶࡣ
ֹԸѧ𣿡
ҵȻԸѧȳˣ¾һ磬ѵҾҪȥȳ𣿡
սһĻҲ˽ǵʱˡⷽȫ⣬ǲ֪ܴܲǵȥ
뿴һʲô磬ôһȺ塣
ȻһǾҪʱҲԮ
˼ǣ
Ҳһ鷳岻ҲĽͨԶ׼Ҫ峹׻ܲס룬ǰԮĻǿԺˡ
𣿱Ͼ˫ҲΪй
ȻΪйǿûнҪ塣ڵȴвԣһǵѡ񡣡


1269 ɱ
Ǿ͵ȣ
ȻǷĺܸգҲʶԼҪˣȴûԮ巢˲ҵĽ
컯ںԶԶعţһһƴսʱһ岻˵ˣȴСΪ߽ʿնɱһաҲͬܵ˾޴ͬʱʶǵֵסϵġǼֻܹһǾȫɱ
ǿɲ壬̹ϵ˳ſռͨˣţ忴ֿ˼꣬Բᣬһ׷ġرЩ½ʿҲȷʵˡ
⼸ʱ䣬ɽʿи߽ʿҲеͽʿⷽѾСµͽʿռԴܵϵʿǿʼԶ
ڵʿ뵽ռͨſռͨ뵽Ǹƻ硣ⷽ˥ģõһμⷽģʿ֮⡣
Щ컯ԲҲˣǵԪ޾ָͬ١Ҳɽһ죬Ǿͻһ졣һɽͬⷽһʼ˥ܣҲǰûǽؼһǵ鴥Ƿǳġ
һ̣Ρ
Ƿ·𿴵Լδһӡ
Լʲô
ôȥҲɽһ˥ܣ
ԼѾ컯Բ޿ɽȫû˷
Ǵʱ֪һ磬жһ˿ⷽ˥ܣԭ
ԭܼ򵥣ⷽ컯ԽԽ࣬Ϊ컯컯һأҲͬ١ɽ磬֮䲻ϵսٶ컯Ϊսûս컯ԽԽ࣬ÿ컯ĵⷽĴһ죬زǾⷽ˥ܵĿʼ
սҲƽ⣬ȡԼ˥ܵķʽ
ӵʿ߹ⷽ磬ֽ뵽һռͨŰ½ͦҹδڲС̾Ϣһ
δ룬˵ǲǾڵ
ҹδҡͷ㶼֪ô֪
Ҳǣ㻹ûдﵽԲ硣ԲѾ̫̫ˣڿǸƻ磬·Ϳҵδ
ҹδǻԳԡ
ʲô
ԪϰҲǽԪڵϿһ̶ȣͻµĸ򣬱Ͼ֮ǰûԪַʽվҲǿֻ֮ĹУվΪĹҲ˵ɽʷϣûԪϣһȫµĶʿĿҲ漣أ
ڳƬ̣һ¾񣺡Ҳɡ
Ȼʵʲô⣿
ʵϣԶĿǶ෽ġ
һҲҪһȻǲ뽫սɽ磬Ҫսڱ硣ڶѹԴȴҲʮҪӶĴйԴ˽
һ·ϣǵõ˲ٵĹȻҲȱ˴ǱĹҹδҲһֱоĸֹҲһЩԣҡͷ
ûʲô⣬ҵ󡣡
ڵͷȫԤϵģҲЩҲо

ҹδɱ˰½ʱİ½ѾΪĸݵءҲ뽫սǵ磬԰½ͳΪ˾սսɡʱ䣬ǷҲԴԴϵ˴ʿ
ʵԶҹδսһʿ
ŶӪֳЦӦǿһʿˡǵս̫Ҳս꣬СˣֻҪһ壬ûжԿ˵ڵڣʣµʿѾǳˡ
˷׷׵ͷĿ
ǾͿսɡǵʱҲࡣȻ˵Ǹ˥ܵ磬ǸоٻԪ˭˵׼أ
ԣǵʱһ꣬һ֮Ǳ볷룬Զⷽ硣
սˣ
һս쳣Ĳң˫¶˾Ҫܶ֡ǱϾ֮ǰĺܴ󣬶Եʿ֡ս˰ʮ꣬ˡ
ӻؿռѷ岻ɣûͣ٣̽˿ռͨǲܸ׼ʱ䣬ŶԷԷ硣


1270 

ɱ˶Է磬ȻԤϵһⷽʣµʿǿʿ϶Ѿս
һ磬Ѿòˡ
ֻ˲ʮʱ䣬˾ⷽ磬Ȼǿʼ̽ⷽ磬ѹⷽԴ
ҹδ뵹ȥѹⷽԴȻʿȥ飬ⷽĴܷ̽ҵԼĻԵ
Եҵ˲٣ҲЧ΢ҹδԼδҪԪĿϡ
ҲˣΪˣڵԼѾ컯ˣ컯Բûжپ롣ԼһĻҲòǧ꣬Լܹﵽ컯Բ
Ժأ
ͺһˣ
ô
ԣҹδ뷴ǽԪĿϵ޹ǳΪ˸
Ҳҹδ룬Ҫ֮λҹδ롣ҹδܾˡ
ҲûӲ֮λҹδ룬ʵҲûʲô¶ž͸Űɡ
ʱҲŶʱ䣬ҹδ뼸ⷽ磬а½ˡԪҲﵽʮһֹüļţԪϵӣûпҲΪͻƵ컯ء
Ͼʱ䡣
忪ʼˣûⷽ飬ⷽ糷ȥ̱֮㿪ʼ֯Ӱ½ⷽ糷룬½ʿȻѡ¡ˣʿ˲١
ɽʿӴԴʮʱ䣬ɽ硣
˼ɽϿյĿռѷ죬Ȼɽͻָƽ
һȥҹδԪϿʮΪҲ컯Բ
һա
ռͻȻ𶯣𶯵һʼҹδɽ컯ͷ׷뿪ԼĶűȥ
֪ӦǸ˥ܵ糹׻ˡ
֮һʿڱ֮أеǸѷ죬ǸѷҲڲϵ𶯣ֹȥ£ǸѷͻȻˣһƬȻػָԼʮջָûѷ졣
֪ռͨʧˡ
ǣûзţǸԷһ򣬿ʼɽѰûµѷ֡ȥ컯ۼһ
Ϣ֮󣬵֪ûµĿռ֣ͨЩ컯Щȱȱ
Դǵ÷ںռ֮ԭһκײûˡһκռ䣬׸ıĹ켣Ҳûײ
ҹδ뿪ʼɽ磬һ꣬Ȼص˳ڣΪɽ磬ĵطҲȥˣǵ顣
ĺģ
ڻһ׷ǱԪϣԽϵĿԽˡȥſԪϴﵽʮ
һա
ܵҹδĶδ룬ѾһٰʮˣҲûʲôоڿˣ
ʮ
ио𣿡
ûУ
вʧ֮ɫ
ҹδЦʧֲ֪ҪϣŻӦһ·ߣ·Ѿ磬·ߣϣ
ǰ
ھһ񣺡˵Ĳ·ߣϣ
ʵϣɽ컯ʧˣڱչվرǶЩ컯Բ˵ַһ·ֻǿϲô׵ģһÿķŹϵ
ʣǳˣҪǿˡԣЩ컯ʶһʱ򣬶ʼǳ⡣ֲܹһˡҪʱ䡣
ҹδ룬Ϳˡԭǿϵˣǳ⡣ڿѾңңȡ
ҹδҲʼչˣʱδѾΪ˳ڵһɽ壬ɽڵĵѾ١ҸΪǿȻûгµ컯Ҳµ硣
ֹȥ˽ꡣ
һա
ҹδ뿪˵ʮŸ򡣾˵ʮŸϵ˲䣬о˲ͬһָоֻҪԼٿһϣﵽʮͻӭͬ
ʲôͬ
ھŹ缴֮ǰĸо
ҹδ벻мѵɽ֮ϻµ磿
ѵ컯ԲȻֿʮϾͻٴη
ҹδ뿪ɽ壬ڵĶȥڶǰƣŴ򿪡ҹδ룬ڣڿҹδ룺
ϡͣҪȥˣ
ҹδҡͷɽ˵Ѿûܣʲôģ
㣿
иоˣ
иоˣɫһ㣬ɫϲȻվ𣺡ָо
ţҹδҲֳ˼֮ɫڷţҿ˵ʮŸϣȻһָо
ʲôо
ĸоҲҿʮϣͻ뿪硣ֻǲ֪ȥ
ڼˣڶ߶ܷʲôطǶ˿ʼһܹͨ·
ɫҲžΥļ컯ȥ
ҹδؿڣҪԼ󡣲ֻ컯ĻҹδҲֻһʮŸǲࡣҲףҪۼ֤ԼͻƵʮϣҲһϵḶ́Լͻֻлᷢʲô
ǺҪԼڿ˵ʮ֮󣬷ԼƲֽ˵һָһϵָָǵǰʾضܹ𵽼ĸЧ
ǣδϣʮ˸컯ʿҹδʮŸ컯ʿѾ˰λ컯ԲҲ컯ںڡ
δϣ컯Բ컯ںڣЩʿûԭĹǶվ
κҹδһΪվЩ컯ںͺڵʿҲںЩʱ䣬ҲԼΪһ뵽컯Ԫͬ١ʱȥԼΪ۹Ħҹδһȴδлᡣ
һҹδ뿪˵ʮϣȻͷأ
κҹδһɾһˡ
ỹúúðգ
ʱһһȥʮѨϼѿҴǧȥûһ˿ļ󡣵Ƕվоʮ͸ҹδ룬ȴǲϲ
ԽҲϾܹһϡҹδ붼ڴ
ȻҹδҲһֱÿ꣬ͣһ꣬Ȼٿʼϡ
ҹδʾͽ£Щ˿ϵٶһٵķȣÿжǳϲиΪεҹδ뿪֮ʲô
ҹδܹ˷ɾǶЩ컯ʿһ޴Ĺ裬ӴԺǾһµ֮·
ˣҹδ뱻֮ΪɽҲΪ
ҹδ뿪˵ʮ֮ûзȴҪôȻôϲҲϣϾ·ûбϣ·ߣϣ
ǣҹδڿ˵ʮ֮󣬲ûзҲ޷ٿϣ·Ǿǵϣ
ԣЩʿ컯ˣм컯ԲˣʱҲЩ
ʱְһνУȥһǧꡣ
һա
ȻĿҹδϡ
ҹδͻȻ˹â
貵Ĺâ
Լӵʱ䣬貵Ĺâһա
δ롭
ںһȴȻͣڣ˶գÿ˶оճ˲
ҹδȡһѸٵؽԼ˽ȥȻӸڣ
Ҫ뿪ˡ
ʱ˶ϲؿҹδ룬ӿż
·ͨ˰
ҹδֵҵĸ򡣡
δ룬лл֣صҹδʩһµ컯ҲҪ
ҹδ뽫֮·ͨ·棬ֽ򴫳˵Ƕҹδĵӡ
ҹδٶ̧ͷȥгһȦΣȻһȦαӿдͬһʺ磬һֱҹδڣȻſȥ
ֻǲʮϢʱ䣬ҹδӰʧڿУУʧָ糣
ȫ꣩


==========================================================
ྫУС˵֪أhttps://www.zxcs.info/
==========================================================